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^^> .<^' ■^ mi Oo .0^ ^ r. C ^ •> ^- xO^^. O3 .0^ x'' .V, -^ V o ^ ■^^ '">. ^T\ T- -hich readily bewilders the spectator. A still closer observation will reveal to the eye, at intervals, along the naves and suspended from the galleries, the flags of the different nations which occupy the recesses of the division. N E \Y YORK C il Y S T A L P A L A C E . 11 It is an easy matter to obtain, before leaving the starting well, centre, -a definite idea of the ground to be traversed, and of the position of countries upon the floor of the building, ^yithout which every step of progress will be embarrassed. The plan which this Manual indicates for the Method, inspection of the Crystal Palace, was not adopted without deliberation. It is the result of much thought and repeated experiment for the discovery of the best way to see the whole Exhibition in the shortest possible time and with the least possible weariness. The visitor who has but a single day to spare, Advantages, will find his advantage m jiursuhig it ; while the one who makes repeated visits, cannot compass the building more thoroughly or profitably by any other method. The maiority of those v>'ho enter the Crystal Pal- ^"e^iofa ace, do so with the intention of seeing it all at once ; and without such a manual as this, or an iutelligent guide at their elbow, they will find their purpose sadly frustrated. The objects placed within the central court may The centre, very naturally claim our first notice. Most conspi- cuous of these is a colossal equestrian statue of Washino-ton, modelled in plaster by the Baron Equestrian -ri- 1, -T^f. statue of Marochetti, an Italian sculptor, now a resident oi Washington. London, from which place the contribution was sent. It is designed to be cast in bronze, and should occupy a position much more elevated than its pres- ent pedestal before its just merit as a work of art can be determined. The artist has m.adc several colossal statues, which have elicited general appro- bation in England, Within the shadow of the colossal horse, upon candelabra, both the north and south sides, stand large candela- bra, wrought in alabaster by an Italian artificer. J2 A DAY IN THE They are good examples of their kmd, and- finely adapted for the halls of the fine old palaces which exist in Italy, but they would be deemed too cum- brous for our style of adornment. TnK Amazon. The famous Amazon group — the great work of the Berlin sculptor, Kiss — is placed a little south and east of the centre, and will reward the earnest attention of the spectator. It is a copy of the original work in bronze which was placed at the entrance of the Royal Museum at Berlin. The de- sign and success alike of the artist, are instantly apparent. The ferocious tiger which has fastened itself upon the neck of the terrified horse, appears utterly unconscious of the presence of the rider. She, an Amazon of the most majestic physique, alarmed but not overwhelmed by the sudden attack, is intent only upon the destruction of the fierce assailant, for which she poises her spear with a wild and titanic energy well displayed in her countenance and action. It is a grand work, both in design and See note. execut i on . * The transition of feeling with which one turns from this bold and impressive work to the exquis- PowERs's itely beautiful statuary of the American Powers, just beneath it, is not unlike that which is experi- enced in passing from the contemplation of an ocean tempest to that of a mountain-girded lake, sleeping in the serene beauty of sunset. * Since the foregoing description vrns put in type, several pieces of etatnary have been received and placed around the pedestal of the Amazon group. They are six in number. The first — beginning at the extreme left, fronting Powers's group — is "A Bacchante," by V. Luc- CAEDi of Eome; the next, a "Bacchus" by E. Guaccariki of Home; the third and fifth are busts by Ives of Connecticut, the one a Kuth, and the other a Bacchante; the fourth, and central figure, is entitled "Maternal Solicitude," and is a very beautiful work by Belzoni of Eome ; the sixth is a statuette of " Samuel," also by E. Guaccarixi. All these works are contributed to the Exhibition by B. Graves, Esq., Of' New York City, ■who is their fortunate proprioton XEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 13 Here are four of tlie justly admired productions of the Western sculptor's chisel, of which the ''Eve" Tho Eve. is the latest — and, let us be pardoned for adding, the most beautiful. It was executed by the artist at Florence, under a commission from Col. John S. Preston, of South Carolina, and was by his generous permission first publicly exhibited in Charleston, at the Fair of the South Carolina Institute, in 1851. The present opportunity of inspecting this beautiful work is perhaps the only one which the public gene- rally ^vill enjoy. The ''Fisher Boy," and the classical bust of Pro- Fisher Boy. serpine, are exhibited by the courtesy of their fortu- Proserpine. nate proprietor, Sidney Brooks, Esq., of New York. The " Greek Slave" is still the property of the artist, Greek slave. and is, we believe, a duplicate of the original, owned in London. Just north of this attractive group is a work in Ottex's bronze by Otten, a French sculptor. It is of the bro*nze.^" same general character with the Amazon of Prof. Kiss. A cavalier on horseback is attacked by an enormous serpent, which has wound itself about the animal, and has raised its fearful crest to strike the rider, who, with evident dismay, but a still, terrible courage, is aiming to send an arrow into the open jaws of the reptile. The work displays a bold con- ception, and is in many respects powerfully wrought. A fitting opportunity here presents itself for the notice of a female bust in marble, by Ives. Whether Bust by Ives. it is a portrait or ideal work we are left to conjec- ture. It is placed at the right of the serpent-group ; while on the opposite side is a marble bust of Daniel Webster, by King. Fronting the north nave, but Bnstof fully within the centre, there are two portrait-busts ki^o. ^^ ^ in marble, by Kinney, of Worcester, Massachusetts, Two busts by which are placed on either side of a free and effective ^^^^^• piece of sculpture by Leveque, of France. The 14 Lesbia. A DAY IN THE Italian sculpture. Coi-UMBUS. PelleciaV statuettes. The Mendicant. sculptor calls it " Lesbia;" i^erhaps from the heroine of Moore's popular song — " Lesbia Liitli a beaming eye." It is a recumbent figure, of an outline and devel- opment in strong contrast with the delicacy of the '' Eve," not far removed. To the left of this work, and in a recess of the centre between two of the principal stairways to the Gallery, is a group of works in marble, which will introduce the visitor to the Italian sculptors. The central figure is that of Christopher Columbus, of life size, and well expressing the energy and nobility of character which marked the great discoverer. It is from an original model by Signor Costa, of Flo- rence. On each side of it stands a statuette, the one representing the Genius of Spring, and the other the Genius of Summer. They are admirable and pleasing works, contributed, with several others, by the sculptor, Signor Pellecia, Director of the Aca- demy of Fine Arts at Carrara. Fronting the west nave, there is another group of Italian statuary deserving notice. A touching air of reality seems to rest upon the face of " The Men- dicant," whose hand is stretched out as if to implore charity from the passer-by. It is the work of Strazza, a sculptor dwelling in " the Eternal City." The next is a more pleasing subject, handled with The Guardian much dclicacy. It represents a guardian angel turn- ° ' ing the steps of Innocence from danger, which is personified in the snake. This work, as also the statue of " Psyche grieving," near at hand. Is from the chisel of Bienabie, of Rome. The "Rebecca," one of several works by Yass6, of Florence, com- pletes the group. A corresponding recess upon the left, to the one just mentioned upon the right, presents a copy in Psycho grieving. Eebecca. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 15 marble of the "Flora del Campodoglio/' with two rioraofthe statuettes, one on each side, which, from the nature of their subjects, are very pleasing works. They are " The Industrious Little Girl," by Magxi, and " The Italian works m \ T . m HIT 1 1 T T 1 from Austria. Soldier's bon," by J orini, both Italian sculptors, but included, by the chances of political fate, among the Austrian contributors, as belonging to Lombardy. Another group in front of the south nave com- pletes our view of the centre. Besides the " Psyche," already mentioned, there is here a beautiful statue by Emilio Santarelli, of Florence. It represents " Harpocrates," who, the classical reader will recol- lect, is the god of Silence, in the beautiful mytho- The god of logy of the Greeks. The trio of this group is com- pleted by a " Bacchante,'' playing on a flute — one a BaccLante. of the works contributed by Signor Pelleccia, al- ready named. : The centre finished, the four naves of the Palace The naves. naturally invite inspection ; and the visitor is recom- mended to take them all in turn, before plunging into the Divisions, which they bound. Entering the south nave, upon the left hand a^Sonthnave. bronze dog plays silent sentinel. It is the work of ?!"hoppin' Mr. Hoppix, of Providence, and was modelled from Xature. It is a good example of statuesque life and action, and is the more to be observed, as one of the few specimens of casting in bronze in this country. Just beyond and above this, a somewhat startling startling tableau presents itself, transporting the beholder into ages long gone by. It is a collection of arms and Armour from armour from the grim old Tower of London — that London. palace and prison by turns. Before inspecting them, let the visitor turn and glance his eye to the fronts of the galleries abutting on the centre. There, upon four brackets, and beneath four canopies, at opposite points, may be seen four effigies armed ccq^-d-plc in Effigies. 16 A DAY IN THE Ancient arms. Modern arms. A Cupid. Sleeping Child. "Warwick Vase. glittering steel, — Tisions, like the arms we have just named, of the far-off Past, and, like them, reviving the gloomy memories of the Tower. There is the mailed warrior of the times of tlie eighth Henry; — there the cavaliers of " Good Queen Bess," and of the first Charles, arrayed as they were wont to be for the battle-field. Turn now to the tableau, and see the arquebus and the matchlock gun, the cross-bow, the glaive, the martel, the battle-axe, the French pertuisan, the antique sword, the iron gauntlet, the marion, the helmet, the coat of linked mail, the shield, and other ancient accoutrements of war. Observe, too, among these relics of the past, the pistol with revolving chambers, and the musket with changeable barrels — the prototypes of our modern Colts and Porters. These ancient weapons and appliances of war, with others just within the east nave, are all sent to the Crystal Palace by Her Britannic Majesty's Board of Ordnance. The collection embraces, also, speci- mens of the modern weapons used in the British army and navy. The exhibition is a significant one — eloquent of the Past, and suggestive of the won- derful contrasts of the Present. Continuing down the south nave, we encounter " Cupid with the arms of Mars," — playthings appa- rently unsuited to the nature of the urchin. This is the work of a Danish artist. Prof. Jerichau, of Copenhagen, whose excellent model of Adam and Eve will by-and-by claim our notice. A Sleeping Child, by Dufre', of Florence, is one of several pleasing examples in the Palace, of the high adapta- tion of marble sculpture to express the idea of repose. On the line of the centre, is a noble copy in marble of the famous Warwick Vase, on three pedestals effectively carved into lion's heads. It is one of JJEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 17 numerons works — chiefly copies — contributed by Marchetti, of Carrara. Immediately beyond this, on the same line, is a group in marble, catalogued in Class xxxi. of the United States, but executed by MiiLLER, a German sculptor. The group is entitled " The Minstrel's Curse," and is illustrative of Uhland's cSst'"^'" fine poem of the same title. On the visitor's left hand, is a complacent " Cupid" a Cupid. in marble, by Bandel, of London, and, next, a plaster cast of a Yenus, by Nannetti, of Dublin, a Venus. An exquisite statue of Sabrina, by Marshall, of Sabrina. London, here recalls the very worda of Milton, — " Sabrina fair, Listen wlien thou art sitting Under the glassy, cool, translucent wave, In twisted braids of lilies knitting Tlie loose train of thy amber-dropping hair: Listen for dear honour's sake, Goddess of the Silver lake ; Listen and save !" " Comw5." A succession of several works in plaster — among which will be found " The Emiorrant," by Lawlor, tti« ° ' *' ' Emigrant. of London, two or three figures by Nannetti, and a statue of ''The Hunter Keposing," bv Farrell, of The Hunter . . Keposing. Dublin — CQnducts the visitor nearly to the extremity of the nave, overlooking several objects placed along the centre, which may be jast as well inspected while returning up the other side. Crossing the nave, therefore, just below a fire-engine and hose-carriage, Fire Engine. — which are both examples of the pride of appear- ances maintained by our metropolitan fire-companies, ■ — there appear, on the left hand, various bronzes, Castings by copies from famous works, and cast by Gteiss, of Berlin, the founder of the Amazon group, already named. An " Eve," Thorwaldsen's " Hope," and a "Niobede," are good examples of his admirable castings. A little forward are beautiful specimens Berlin iron of castings in iron from the Royal Foundry at ^^^ 18 A DAY I y T II E A Danaide. Cliime of bells. Inscriptious. First. Second. Tliird. Fourth. Berlin. The Berlin iron fabrics are unrivalled by any in the world for delicacy of finish. Between two beautiful examples of its high excellence, there is placed a Danaide, in marble, the work of Carl Barrata, a German sculptor in Rome. A series of four highly ornamented bells, cast by HosEXLACHER, of Constancc, in Germany, extends along the centre of the nave. They bear inscrip- tions ill German, which we have rendered into Eng- lish for the benefit of the curious. The mottoes are given in the order of the bells, ascending the nave. "Their sound goeth out over the broad earth." — David. ** From Heaven lie came whose grace we sing, A little child our Lokd appeared ; Yet He of all tlie world is King — The Prince of I'eace — tlic Cliief revered !" "I am the "Way, the Truth, and the Life."— John xiv. 6. " Be ye my followers, brethren, and mark those who so walk as ye have a pattern in me." — St. Paul. An object of great interest now presents itself Frosnei light, in the ccutrc of tlie nave. It is a Fresnel light, made by Lepaute of France, and imported by our government for the light-house upon the stormy cape of Ilatteras. It consists of a vast lantern, composed of powerful prisms and lenses, which revolve by ma- chinery around the lamp in the interior — a Carcel. lamp, with four concentric wicks. The light of this lamp is collected by the lenses into a beam of intense brilliancy, which is projected outward from, the panel of prisms, and, as the dome or lantern revolves, a succession of these beams or flashes is produced. The light will be visible for a great distance from the coast, and is the best one of the kind on the western continent. On the line of this nave, the Fisher's Girl, yisitor passes a staltue of "The Fisherman's Daugh- ter," by Steinhauser of Germany ; a copy from Canova's Hebe ; and some very pleasing examples of NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 19 Belgian statuar}^, embracing '' The Sleeping Cliil- Belgian dren," in marble, by Geefs, and three works in plaster by Fraikix, among which is a well-modelled Psyche. Entering now the west nave, there appears first, "West Nave. upon the left hand, a group in marble, representing '•' Hagar and Ishmael in the desert," — the work of nagar. Caselli, of Florence. On the middle line is a group of three works in marble, of which the centre is a copy of Thorwaldsex's "'Ganymede and the Eagle." Ganymede. A statuette by Pellecia of " Herminia writing the Herminia. name of Tancred," from Tasso's immortal poem, is upon the left, and a "Fisher Boy," by Coccm, of Fisher Boy. Milan, upon the right. Beyond these is a much admired group in marble, representing " Two lovers Two Lovers, going to the fountain," the work of Lazzerini, of Carrara, from a design by Henschel. At this point, the French Government Court, in wliich the Gobelin Tapestries and Sevres Porcelain GoBELn^s. are displayed, opens on the left hand ; but passing by, in strict conformity to the plan of this Manual, the visitor may note upon the central line a reduced copy in zinc of the Amazon group (a good example Copy of of the castings of the '' Societe de la Vieille Mon- iaqne^^ a larij:e French foundry); next, a copy in Houdou"s ^ -r-r , r.TTT 1 • \. VC- i Washington. plaster of Hounox's statue or VVashmgton from Rich- mond ; a magnificent pair of eagles and goat, in Eagles, bronze, designed by Fratix, and sent by Aubaxel of Paris ; a plaster bust of Washington, after Hou- Dox, and the plaster models of Adam and Eve by Adam and Jerichau, to which allusion has been already made. The next object may well delay the visitor for a few moments. It is a group in plaster, by Lechesne ^j^gJJ^^^ of Paris ; and there are few nobler works in the whole Exhibition. If we interpret the artist's design aright, a shipwrecked mother and her child have been cast upon the shore — the child only surviving. 20 A DAY IN THE Stag in zinc Wolves. Gala coach. A vulture approaches, and the affrighted child, attempting to repel it with a frail branch, is attacked by the rapacious bird, who fastens its talons into the tender flesh of the boy. The modelling is admirable, and the whole work full of power. On the left of it is a statue in marble of " Da- Damaiis. malis," by Etex of France ; and beyond it is an example of the application of iron and glass to orna- Giided door, mental architecture — a splendid door-frame of gilded iron, and a door with panels of plate-glass, intended, probably, for the entrance of some Parisian cafe or magazin des nouveautes. A noble figure of a stag here presents itself as a specimen of zinc casting from the foundry of Schultz at Zeyst in Holland. Near it are two wolves, its companion contributions, also in zinc. Behind the stag is a gala carriage — such, probably, as the fair and high-born ladies of the gay city of Paris are wont to disport themselves in, on the Boulevards. It is from the factory of Moussaru, and exhibits costly workmanship. At the end of the nave there is a Mirror. large mirror in an elaborately ornamented frame, manufactured by Kingslaxd & Co., of New York. Returning on the north side of the nave to the centre, numerous works in marble front tlie Aus- trian and Italian courts. There is first, " A tipsy Bacchus," as the catalogue terms it — expressing, we suppose, that state of exhilaration just short of drunkenness. It is by Cambi of Florence. Next to it is a beautiful work, somewhat vaguely called ''A Shepherdess and Bird," from the chisel of Bien- AiiiE of Rome. The story of Atala and Chactas, from the exquisite romance of Chateaubriand, is the theme of a pleasing group by Fracarolli. Tiie visitor will pause a moment to admire the noble head Monti. of Yincenzo Monti, an Italian poet. It is of almost colossal size, the work of Cavalier Sangiobgio of Bacchus. , Shepherdess. Atala. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. ' 21 Milan, wlio lias also a colossal head of onr Saviour in one of the Italian Courts. '' Cupid and Psyche" Cupidand Psyche. — a copy from the antique in the Capitol at Rome — is followed by a remarkably pleasing bust of *' Iris" iris. by Cartei of Florence. Just back of it, hangs a remarkable work which should not be carelessly taken for an oil painting of ordinary merit, of which there is great danger. It is a copy, in stone-mosaic Picture in work, of Guercino's famous picture of St. John the Baptist, and was made at the mosaic manufactory of the Vatican. K is valued at $60,000, and is the contribution of Pope Pio Nono. It may not be amiss to suggest here, that a close inspection will reveal to the beholder the small cubes of different- cobured stones, which, deftly put together, compose the picture. There is another, but far less striking, example of inosaic painting in the Picture Gallery. Another A remarkable mosaic table-top may be seen just below the St. John. A statue of '^ Truth," holding a mirror to her Truth, face, is a second excellent work, in marble, by the sculptor of the tipsy Bacchus. ISText to it is another example of Italian statuary from Austria, — " Eve Eve. after her transgression," by Pagaxi, of Milan. Here also may be seen a mantel-piece of statuary marble, in the Anacreontic style, — not inaptly, though somewhat waggishly, called, in our hearing, '' an example of Cupid-it j.'^ Ciqyid-itj. The north nave now lies open to us; and upon its NoktuNave. very verge, on the middle line, there is a group of works deserving of notice. The central one is a bronze, from the Zollverein ; an effective group, Bronze group, modelled by Franz, of Berlin, and representing a shepherd attacked by a leopardess, and defended by his faithful dog. Between the grasp of the man's fingers on her throat and the dog's teeth upon her ear, the savage beast seems to have the v.^orst of it. 2-3 A DAY IN THE Ball's Webster. PlATTl'S Works. Two busts by and sliows signs of retreat. The two delicate and attractive busts on the right and left of this group are from the chisel of Galt, a young Virginia sculptor, who is at present enjoying at home, a brief \ recess from his studies and labours in Italy. They are respectively styled "A Bacchante" and "A Psyche." Descending the nave upon the left hand, in accor- dance with the plan of tlie Official Catalogue, ob- serve Ball's statuette of Webster — an admirable and truthful work, which we are glad to see is to be extensively reduplicated in plaster and in Parian clay. Next to a bust of Jupiter, by Marchetti, occurs a group of three works — " A Sleeping Child," " The Husbandman's Orphan," and a bust of Daniel Web- ster. They are from the chisel of Antonio Piatti, an Italian sculptor residing in New York, to whom the superhitendence of the statuary in the Exhibition has been entrusted. In front of these works, the visitor may inspect several mantel-pieces, in white marble, from New York artificers, and, just beyond them, models of a ship and steamboat. The former displays the ar- rangement of the beams and hatches of a ship's inte- rior. The curious in such matters will do well at this point to t'lrn back a step or two, and inspect a Novel method modcl of Captain Tucker's new method of propelling of navigation. , . i • i • , f ^ -,•-,, n sliips, which consists or a huge cyhnder to roll up6n the waves, impelled by a locomotive engine within. A font. Beyond a Gothic font in Pictou stone — a contrlbu- Bronze figure, tion froni Canada — is a graceful statue in bronze by H. K, Brown, — a female figure pointing upward. It is the " Angel of the Resurrection," and is designed Fire-eng'ne. foT Grecuwood Cemetery. A powerful fire-engine, of side stroke, stands in the centre, and looks as though it might do good service at a fire, in the Mantels. Ship's hull. XEW YORK CRYSTAL PxlLACE. 23 hands of thirty stalwart men. It was made by Jeffers, of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. We comfr now to Genin's showy case, with its Genin's multitudinous display of wearing apparel — a minia- ^'^^^"^^^'^• ture reproduction of his unique Bazaar in the St. Nicholas Hotel. " The Child's First Grief," on statuette. the left, is an eloquent little work in marble from the chisel of Yasse, of Rome. Immediately north of Genin's case the visitor may inspect various spe- cimens of marbleized iron, such as columns, mantels, MarWeized and table-slabs, exhibited by the Salamander Marble Company of New York. This is a most ingenioas invention, and, we believe, undisputedly of American origin. Herring's iron safes will be found close by. There iron safes, is one, designed for a jevv^ller's store, which, from its size, massiveness, and elegance of decoration, it is safe to say, is a very noticeable object. A copy by Barratta of Bartolini's statue repre- senting " Faith," is placed just on the left, while on Faith, the north are two richly ornamented hose carriages, further examples of the expensive ambition of rival fire companies to make a show with their " appara- tus." The '' Hope," from Philadelphia, is covered Hose with arabesque silver-plate. The '' Xeptune," from the same city, is beautifully adorned. Two other works in marble complete the list of the left side of the nave. They are both classical examples — the one a bust of Dante, by Marchetti, Dante, and the other a statuette of Cicero, by Poxtaxa of Cicero. Carrara. The fine mirror contributed by Waller & KREPS.-Mirror. of New York, placed at the extremity of the nave, has the effect of greatly extending its length and of reduplicating its numerous showy objects. Re-ascend- ing the nave, we come to another of the many man- tels to be found in the section. It is of variegated Mantel piece. carnasres. 24 A DAY IN THE Bells. Cotton rope. Printed silks. Yenus. A font. Poetry. Bust of Scott. CttAWFOED. Diana. Mantels. East Nave. Statue of "Webster. Mercury. Bells. Perfumery. Locks. Gas-meters. Life-boats. Tbe fountain. stone, and made by 0. Gori of New York. Here, also, is a large church bell from Baltimore, and higher up the nave are several handsome bells from Troy. A pyramid of cotton cordage is here a conspicuous object, and a little further on, a case of Indian silks printed in this country. A copy of the Venus of the Louvre, in marble ; a font in Normandy stone ; a statue representing " Poetry," by Bruneri of Sardinia ; a plaster bust of Gen. Scott, by Joxes of New York ; an Italian copy of the Apollo ; Crawford's portrait-bust of his wife ; and a copy, from Italy, of Diana of the Louvre, constitute the list of objects on the side line, and bring the visitor again among the marble mantel- pieces both of the Old and New World — two exam- ples of the former being placed just out of the nave, in a recess of the centre. Passing these, we enter the East nave, stopping for a moment only, to look at the statue of "Webster, modelled in plaster by Carew of London, which occupies a place on the middle line. A copy of Thorwaldsen's "Mercury" will be found on the left. A variety of bells, from Meneely of Troy, are hung beyond the Webster ; and still beyond, is Phalon's temple, dedicated to soap and perfumery. On the left is a case of locks, exhibited by Day & Newell of New York, some of them of elaborate and curious construction. Down's transparent gas-meter is an object of considerable attention to those who wonder how the amount of gas burned in any given place can be determined. The centre of the nave is here occupied by a number of boats, — one of them a copper life-boat of thirty feet in length, capable of saving a great number of persons in shipwreck. At this point, the visitor may observe the " Crystal Fountain," but we propose to defer any description NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 25 of it until we enter tlie Machine Arcade, at a subse- quent stage of our review. We will therefore cross the nave here, and ascend once more to the centre, Up the nave. noticing, as we pass, a group in plaster on a theme from Dante, by Munroe of London ; and another plaster group, representing one of the great Egypt- ian Ptolemies nourished in his infancy by an eagle, Ptolemy modelled by Jones of London. A marble statue representing " Truth" recalls us here to the Italian Truth, sculptors. It is by Cambi, and is followed by a charming model in plaster, by Marshall of London. It is entitled " The First Whisper of Love," and is The First one of the works distributed by the London Art Love. Union. Behind a small work in marble, from Italy, the visitor may notice Croll's dry gas-meter, which Gas-meter, measured the gas consumed by 3,000 burners in the London Crystal Palace. A group in marble representing " Charity," by Charity. Bandel of London, and a Cupid, employed in the Cupid, mischievous work of piercing a heart, by Santarelli, bring us to the effigy, in armour, of an ancient Eng- lish pikeman, and to the arms from the Tower of pikeman, London, already referred to at some length. ^ armour. The tour of the naves being now completed, the a pause. visitor may reasonably find a seat for a few moments somewhere beneath the dome, while we prepare to introduce him into the courts of the Palace. 26 A DAY IN THE DIVISION A, UNITED STATES. DlYtBIONS. B. 0. D. Ck>17BlB« Court 1, Division A. Military appliances. A GLANCE at the four mail-clad warriors, already referred to, will reveal to the visitor, beneath them, the letters A, B, C and D — indicating the four great divisions of the Crystal Palace. Division A, the north-east section, is occupied by the United States ; Division B, the south-east, by Great Britain and Ireland ; Division C, the south-west, by Belgium, France, and Germany ; and Division D, the north- west, by Austria, Italy, Holland, the British Pro- vinces, Denmark, Hayti, Cuba, and the United States. Each of these grand Divisions is subdivided into twenty-nine Courts, numbered alike in all, as a refer- ence to the ground plan in the Official Catalogue will show. Court 1, Division A, opens from the North Nave, and into that we propose to conduct the visitor. The sight which meets the eye migEt create a degree of timidity in other circumstances j but here, the brazen-throated cannon are dumb, the swords hang innocently on the wall, or repose in their sheaths, and the stands of arms are not dis- turbed by the soldier. We are in the Military Court, and amidst the arms and accoutrements of the U. S. Government. Here are mounted howitzers, a field casson with im- plements and equipments, and a field forge. These, with a battery-wagon in an adjoining court, consti- NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 27 tute a complete field-battery for flying artillery, and Field battery, were manufactured at the Watervliet Arsenal. Here, also, are several large brass pieces from the Cannon. Ames Company at Chicopee, (Mass.,) and upon the walls and counters of the court are regulation and fancy swords in great variety, from the same Com- Swords, pany. Muskets and musketoons, from the arsenal Muskets. > at Harper's Ferry, may be compared with the similar arms used by the British army, and displayed in the tableaux of Division B. Passing completely around the court, we enter, by the nave, Court 2, also occupied by numerous Court a. ^ objects comprised in Class viii. of the Ofi&cial Cata- logue. Here are naval as well as military appliances, Naval. as we are reminded, at the very entrance of the court, by a miniature ship tossed upon mimic waves. All around are models of ships and steamboats and Models, yachts. A case of fine guns and pistols, from Kri- Guns and DER of Philadelphia, and another of rifles, from Rhodes, are followed by hulls and half hulls " too ^uiis. numerous to mention." A new steering apparatus, SMp steerer. by HoBBs of Boston, stands on the floor of the court, and other capstans are there also, with rival claims. Beyond a full model of a sloop-of-war, and another sioop-of-war. of a river steamboat, the visitor may inspect a model steamboat, of a new style of life-boat, not upon the Ofl&cial Cata- New iife-boat. logue. It is a quadruplicate boat, for it is alike at the top and bottom, and having a double hull, it may be capsized with impunity. It is provided with removable decks, with abundant clinging ropes, and appears to be an invention of great merit. Mr. Albert Baker, of Boston, its inventor, very cour- teously explains its peculiarities. Close by it, is another new and valuable contrivance, in Harding's Nautical Life-Bucket, which is also convertible, when Life-bucket empty, into a deck-stool. It is a simple contrivance, and exceedingly economical withal. A D A V J N THE Life-stoob. Clipper ship. Fire-arms. Siiip's blocks. ^Military goods. Percussion caps. Porter's rifle. Court 4. "Whale giiii. "Whale lane.' Coifs revolvers. New rifles. Fire-armp. Signs; Silks. Rrocatelles. Tewksbury's patent life-stools, and other life-pre- servers, are also upon exhibition in this court. On the north side, among various models of vessels, is one of a full-rigged clipper ship. A case of beautiful fire-arms from Worcester, (Mass.,) models of top-sails, and ship's blocks, of various kinds, bring us to the opening of the court, where is a large central show- case containing a great variety of military goods from HoRSTiiANX & Co. of Philadelphia. It is sur- mounted by a crest or plume composed of swords and banners. Two or three cases of percussion-caps are displayed at the edge of the court, and here may be observed a case of Porter's revolving rifles. This rifle has a cylindrical box containing eight or nine charges, which, when attached to the barrel, revolves by means of the trigger, which caps and discharges the rifle by one motion. It may be fired with great precision nine times in jive seconds. Just below the rifles, within Court 4, is a curious object — a gun for shooting whales ! In the same case is a bomb-lance, for destroying the same sort of game. The visitor is now in front of one of the finest displays of pistols in the Exhibition. They are the world-renowned revjolvers«of Colt. Many of them are of exquisite and costly finish. Shaip's patent rifle, Whitney's percussion rifle and new pa- tent revolving pistol, and a varied collection of fire- arms, some of them breech-loading and self-cleaning, from the Marston Fire- Arms Company, may all be found within this court. In one corner of it — the south-east — is a good example, in great variety of styles, of sign-lettering, by Brandon. The middle and north side of this court are occupied by the few but showy silk fabrics of Class xiii. Most conspicuous, are the brocatelles of the Eagle Manufacturing Co., of Connecticut. They are displayed in the piece, and also upon a sofa NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 29 and a set of chairs, and will compare creditably with many of the foreign examples of furniture silks. The fringes and tassels exhibited by Crossley, are heavy Fringes, &c and of brilliant colours. A ease» of furniture silk brocades, damasks, and oniaments for churches, is Brocades, placed just out of Court 4, in another department. They are made by Neustadter. Within the court, again, is a rich display of national ensigns — the stars Ensigns. and stripes, the meteor flag, and the tri-colour, grace- fully blended. These are from Walker & Son, of New York. Passing towards the nave, we may notice an ex- tensive display of balls of silk twist from Gturney & Twist Co., of Kew York, oiled silk from Philadelphia, and oued sflk. a variety of silk manufactures from N'ewport, Ken- tucky. Here also is a case containing samples of raw silk from the manufactory of " Talabera de la Raw siik from Rayna," near Cadiz in Spain. With these we should ohina.*'^ mention a case of China raw and thrown silks at the end of the court. Our entrance into Court 4, is round a pyramid of Cotton spools containing coloured sewing-cotton, which in- ^'^^^ ^' troduces us to Class xi. of the Catalogue. This section will not detain the visitor long, unless it ^ may be one who has a special interest in bleached and unbleached sheetings and shirtings, long cloths. Varieties bed-tickings, ginghams, or printed calicoes. It is, goods, nevertheless, an important court, and contains very numerous specimens of improved cotton manufac- tures, from a dozen extensive mills. There are, among them, cloths and yarns from Southern fac- fabri^!™ tories which show that the producers of the cotton plant are becoming conscious of the facilities they possess for converting the raw material into fabrics. The north side of this court contains various exam- ples of hemp and flax manufactures, such as sail Hemp and cloth, shoe threads, ropes, and twines. There is also *^' sa A DAY IN THE Fireproof cordage. Cotton duck. Court 5. Drain pipes. Blates. Vitreous clay. Slate roof. Ligneous marble. Marbled iron. Silicious marble. a specimen of what the inventor — Professor Car- penter, of the Arkansas College — calls " apyritized rope." This is hemp rope saturated with a chemical solution which renders it fire-proof, no questionable advantage, it will be granted by all. Cotton sail cloth, or duck, is exhibited by the Boston Duck Company at the edge of this court, on the nave, passing which, and continuing on beyond the staircase, we enter Court 5. Here a totally different class of objects is found, referring us to Class xxvii. of the Catalogue. Beneath the stairs, upon the right hand, are numer- ous varieties of vitrified drain pipes from the Green- wich Pottery. Beyond them, are slates from Penn- sylvania — school and counting-house slates from the Kittakinny Slate Company, and a small house beau- tifully roofed with slate of the Blue Mountain variety. Opposite to these, and surrounding the entrance to the Police Ofiice, are numerous specimens of architectural ornaments in vitrified clay. Court 11, to the east, is fully occupied by similar works. On the right hand is another miniature house roofed with Yermont slate, and behind it, a beautiful display of columns, arches, mantels, and various objects in ligneous marble^ by which is meant wood covered with a composition resembling marble. These are exhibited by Freund & Co., of New York. -Near by, are specimens of marbled iron, not dissimilar in appearance to the ligneous marble. There are also pedestals, columns, slabs, and other articles of sili- cious marble — also a composition — displayed by the Silexian Marble Company. Of these various and remarkable imitations of marble it may be remarked here, that they can hardly be distinguished from the most exquisite variegated marbles ever wrouglit. They are, moreover, durable and economical. This court contains numerous displays of terra NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 31 cotta in its adaptation to architectural ornaments, Terra cotta. such as window and door caps, sills, lintels, columns and arches. Terra cotta,. being a material of mod- ern date, is not yet familiarly known to the public. It is a species of earthenware, composed of potter's clay, fine sand, and pounded potsherds, well mingled and put into porous moulds in the form of a paste. When the water is absorbed, the form is taken out and baked at a high temperature. Young, Roche, and ToLMAN & Co. are exhibitors in this line, within the court, and from the window may be inspected further examples, erected outside the building, by WiNTTER & Co., of New Jersey. Belonging to the same class, and now close at hand, are works in Scagliola, or cement, by Farley. Scagiioia. Here also is a marble- air-tight coffin from Baltimore, barbie ° coffin. Beyond this are centre-pieces, friezes, sofifets, capitals, piaster and other architectural ornaments in plaster, exhi- ^'•^a^^ents. bited by several manufacturers. A lyric centre-piece by Heath of Philadelphia is highly ornamented. Before dismissing this class, the visitor should inspect the lava-ware of Dr. Smith, of Philadelphia. Lava-ware. These are bottles and vases made from the slags of reducing-furnaces — hitherto entirely waste material, but now promising to be of considerable worth. The visitor has now reached Court It, a triangular Court it. space, of which the hypothenuse is a section of the glazed side of the building. Upon and beneath the table, stretching along this side and through Court 22, and extending also through Courts 10 and 16 south of 11 and It respectively, are found the multi- tudinous objects embraced in Classes ii., iii., and classes iv., of the Catalogue. The singular, though per- ^^ "^' ^ ^^* haps unavoidable, admixture which obtains of che- mical products, substances used as food, and raw materials, render it quite impossible to keep these classes distinct in this Manual. 32 A DAY IN THE Sugar and tobacco. Flour. Indian corn. Starch. Sugars. Preserves. M ustards. Flour. Wool. Cotton. Hemp. Meat-biscuit. Close to the north-east tower of the Palace stand, "cheek by jowl/' sugars and tobacco. Of the former are several kinds, from the plantations of the Rev. Bishop Polk, and the Hon. E, E. Kitteridge, of Louisiana ; and of the latter, samples of Kentucky growth. On the right hand, as we proceed, are edibles, in the shape of Ohio flour, and various preparations of Indian corn from Yonker's Mills, New York. Potato starch may be seen close by. On the counter, again, are Texas, and Louisiana sugars, made directly from the cane. Here are displays of pickles and alimen- tary preserves — tempting enough to make the house- keeper linger. Observe those delicious fruits pre- served in glass jars hermetically sealed. They are from Delaware. Mustard, of different varieties, and by rival producers, presents itself to notice. Ranged all along beneath the counter *are barrels, with little glass windows, revealing floair. Some of them are labelled " Flour," but give no visible sign thereof. Presently, among pickles, and spices, and cheese, and other edibles, we find samples of wool, and cotton, and flax. Of the former, Bicknell has remarkable specimens, — locks of great length and fineness. Yarious other specimens will commend themselves to the notice of the curious in this line — particularly small samples of the wool of the Thibet shawl and Cashmere goats, raised in South Carolina by Dr. Davis. Of cotton, there are examples of sea-island and upland varieties, — distinctions obvious enough in the very names. A remarkable boll of cotton, containing sixteen locks, is exhibited by G. D. Mitchell. There are various specimens of hemp from Kentucky and Missouri. Hereabouts the visitor may pause to notice the meat-biscuit exhibited by Borden. This is hard bread, made of flour thoroughly saturated with the NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 33 extract of beef. It is pronounced by competent [Division a.] judges to be biglily nutritious, and took a council medal at London, in 1851. Just beyond this is one of the most curious and attractive objects in these courts. It is an immense Cylinder of mass of alum, obtained by crystallizing a solution in a large cylinder. The height of the mass is not less than six feet, and its breadth perhaps five feet. The sides are nearly one foot in thickness, and the interior presents a fine display of immense crystals. Although this object is distinctly labelled " Alum," we observe that nearly every one tests it incredulously, and pays it the tribute of a wry face. This, and a great variety Of chemicals (including large crystallized Chemicals, masses of the nitrate and sulphate of copper), stretch- ing for some distance under the glass wall of the Palace, are the production of Powers & Weight- man, of Philadelphia. Returning from a brief in- spection of these, and other chemicals displayed in front of them, the visitor should pass closely behind and almost around the alum rock, along a narrow pathway between chemicals and raw materials. Those two pyramidical bottles, with stoppers crowned by gilded eagles, contain, instead of cider, as they seem to do, only refined linseed oil. Notice here Linseed oil. that noble fleece which hangs behind them, whose a fleece, story is legibly told upon the card affixed, and need not be repeated here. Court 16 contains chiefly chemicals and drugs, as Drugs, temptingly displayed as human ingenuity could con- trive. Here are medicine chests, and all the para- phernalia of the materia medica ; but we question if the visitor has a taste for ipecac, or jalap, or calomel, no matter how beaS:tiful the bottle, or the box, in which the pill is displayed. Passing along the north side of this court we come to a case con- taining samples of stearine, of fleecy and waxy stearine. 2* 34 A DAY IN THE High art. Greek Slave in steariue. Lard oil. Payneized wood. Wax. Shellac. Maize. Bice. Grain Statuary in sperm. Fig-paste. appearance. With a questionable appreciation of liigh art^ the exhibitor has done the Greek Slave in this exceedingly plastic material, thus ambitiously displaying both his wares and his artistic powers. A pair of Caryatides, in the same material, is more in keeping. Samples, next, of lard oil limpid enough to burn well, are exhibited, from Cincinnati. This oil is obtained from lard hy cold pressure. At the entrance of Court 10, is a stand upon which are exhibited various examples of Payneized wood, which is wood subjected to a process invented by Payne for rendering it comparatively indestruct- ible. These specimens, which are very satisfactory, are from works established at Rochester, N. Y. Traversing the north side of Court 10 — and pass- ing a case of bright-coloured wax in many forms, and another case, containing what the juveniles may readily mistake for molasses candy, but which is only shellac bleached and coloured by Zinsse & Marx — the visitor will be surrounded by objects of Class iii., excepting only, perhaps, a display of sperm candles. On the central table is an ingenious tableau of ears of Indian corn or maize, of more varieties than we had patience to count. There are various specimens of rice in the straw, from South Carolina ; and upon the south side and the ends of the table, varieties of oats, wheat, and other grain, from California, Texas, and other productive regions. The north-east corner of the court affords further examples of the fine arts. Here are busts of Wash- ington and of Webster in spermaceti, with back grounds of candles ! Is not this rather making light of sculpture ? A mass of crystallized sperma- ceti here, is a very pleasing sight. The fig-paste of Tateosyan seems as if it might be good, but visitors must not find " the proof of the pud- NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 35 ding in the eating." We care not a jig for that. Here and elsewhere in this court are to be found Westem numerous bottles labelled " Sparkling Catawba," ^^^^' the produce of Ohio graperies. We cannot help "Sour grapes." prououuciug the wine "sour," and if any producer is aggrieved by our verdict let him make us swallow our words ! The Catawba is said to resemble the Rhenish wines. Transgressing the bounds of this Court, and tres passing upon the domain of cotton fabrics, is a barrel Flour, of polished black walnut wood said to contain flour. Prominent among the substances used as food in this court is tobacco in every form. If any are Tobacco as disposed to cavil at the classification, so are we ! ^^ " But here it is in the leaf and in the lump. Cigars with gilded tips — made, we presume, to look at — rise in pyramids, and the air around is redolent of Oronoco ! Fancy chocolates, and vermicelli — the latter re- EdiWeai sembling straw braids — Hotchkiss's farinas, and* Hecker's cereal manufactures, occupy the remainder of this court. Re-entering Court 16, on the right of the Payneized wood, we find ourselves surrounded by masses of brimstone, huge crystals of the prussi- Brimstone, ate of potash, camphor in layers, like those of jelly Camphor, cake, Shaker oils and extracts, from Enfield, Conn,, Shaker oils, fine crystals of saltpetre, Hotchkiss's oils of mint and Saltpetre, wintergreen, bronze powders from two manufacturers, ultramarine colours, Osborne's water colours, and Colours, various other articles of Class ii. As the visitor leaves this court he v/ill notice a remarkable piece of a grape vine of Southern growth. ^*^® ^^®* Passing out by the alum rock, and by the table occupied by Powers and Weightman's chemicals, notice beneath it a bale of the long moss peculiar to l^ng moae. the South, where it drapes the trees of the low country as if with banners. It has been found to A DAY IN THE Eefreshments. Scales. Nock*s lock. Lamps. Trowels. Levels. Locks. Steam flues. Household appliances. be available for upliolstering, and is an economical substitute for hair. Our review has brought us to the door of one of the eating saloons, where, if so inclined, the visitor may rest a few moments, and obtain some refresh- ment, before entering upon a new class of observa- tions. We have taken already a good many steps, and yet we have traversed but a small portion of the building. It will not be strange if fatigue should overtake many, long before one half of it is accom- plished. It is to be hoped that such persons have more than a single day to devote to the Exhibition. Just in front of the refreshment saloon, within Court 22, is a fine display of scales by Fairbanks & Co. These range from the capacity of counter scales to a platform capable of weighing 12,000 pounds. Their heaviest railway scales far exceed even the latter in capacity. Before leaving this point, the visitor may inspect and try the operation of Nock's '* patent escapement tumbler lock," which is applied to a door for no other purpose than such a trial. Beyond it are the mechanical lamps of Deucreux, and a case of steel trowels, innocent as yet of the sin of flattery, or plastering ! Watts's levels will attract the notice of those who like to make every- thing smooth, and the locks of the Lewis Lock Co. seem adapted to suit the fast men. Here are water- cocks, gas and steam flues, by Griffiths of Phila- delphia, and various other articles ; are they not all included in the chronicles of the Official Catalogue, at Class xxii. ? Entering Court 15, we find it occupied on the right hand by Windle & Co. with a display of house- furnishing articles in formidable variety. Their pla- nished tin-ware, exhibited in a central show-case, deserves notice. Several water-coolers, ornamental as well as useful, from Baltimore, next present them. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 37 ■ selves. Here, also, is au ice-cream cliurn, bearing Class xxii. [ the siornificant label, " Throuo'h in six minutes." It 1 is also from Baltimore. Siedhof s atmospheric lamp presents a novel appearance ; and close around and beyond it, are the lamps and chandeliers of Dietz & Lamps, &c. j Co. Patrick's Defiance Safes cluster in the centre Defiance safes. j of this court, while, upon the south side, Cornelius, : Baker & Co., of Philadelphia, make a most brilliant : display of their lamps and gas-fixtures. To this Gas fixtures. \ j house belongs the credit of introducing a new era in i the line of their manufactures in America. The / I bieauty and variety of their patterns, and the sub- stantial elegance of their work, entitle them to dis- i tinction. Near by, the jN'ew Jersey Bronze & Plate i Works make a -fine display of gilt metal cornices Cornices, \ and mouldings. Walker exhibits " patent safety i lamps," in which (if in any contrivance) that dan- Gas lamps, gerous fluid, camphene, or spirit-gas, may be burned j with safety. j Before reentering Court 21, Holmes & Bltler's '. Bank Lock deserves a passing glance. Just within Bank lock. I the court may be found sheet-brass, in rolls and sueet-brass. J plates, from Connecticut, and two fine collections of ] cabinet locks. Among the objects on the counter, Locks. i are Brown's patent self-heating iron, and Arnold's lantern and foot-stove combined. Approaching again the refreshment saloon, we pass a corner occu- pied by sundry cases of hardware, among which are fine brass and copper wire ; two contributions of Brass wire. , those useful little articles which disappear so myste- riously, and are called pins ; superior tools for piano- Pins. ' forte makers ; and tools of various kinds from the ' Ohio Tool Company. Last, but not least, is Pleis- omo tools. chel's Electric Alarm Lock, a curious piece of ; mechanism, which it would be dangerous for a Alarm lock. ] burglar to tamper with — since, when improperly ap- j proached, it rings, by electric action, a loud alarm. | 38 A DAY IN THE Furnace registers. Class vii. Arranged along the wall of the Palace, to the right of the saloon, and extending to the entrance of the Machine Arcade, are various objects, which the visitor may now, perhaps, conveniently inspect in their order. There is, first, an extensive variety of ornamental registers and ventilators for parlours, from two manufacturers. These contrivances are of modern date (since the era of grates and hobs, with the social delights inseperable therefrom), and are in keeping with the external elegance of the times. Culver's collection is the more extensive ; but that of TuTTLE & Baily is not behind in variety and beauty of design. Immediately opposite, are various other architectural contrivances, such as improved window sash, exhibited in three different models ; a new mode of shutting doors ; a new door-alarm ; and a model of a house, with Otis's insulated lightning-rod attach- ed. Hereabouts is a platform, covered with oil-cloth, upon which a dozen persons at once may be weighed, by the New York Scale Makers' Co., who generally have an obliging attendant at their compact and excellent apparatus, and who, by the way, is seldom idle. Continuing along the wall range, we find Wood turning. D OUGHT y's excellent Specimens of sawed scroll and turned wood-work, such as stair-newels, banisters, brackets, &c. Close by, are the well-made and shapely oars of Page. Next to these, Dorxbrach exhibits models of a patent pine floor, put together without nails or visible joints, and highly ornamental in its appearance. Models of zinc roofs, and various applications of that useful metal to architecture, are displayed by Leroy; and just beyond them are soap- stone furnaces, sinks, and stoves. Soap-stone, or steatite, is found abundantly iii the United States, and is remarkable for its capability of resisting heat, upon which account it is used extensively in the con- struction of fire-places. Retracing a few steps, and Windows and doors Otis's rod. Scales. Oars. Patent floors, Zinc roof. Soap-stone. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 39 observing, as we pass, a yariety of soda water draw- Soda-water apparatus. ing apparatus, of showy designs, by Mathews, and a collection of planished and japanned ware, exhibited by Berrian & Co., we reach a group of objects in Court 25. There is a large platform scale from St. Louis, exhibiting some novelty of construction. Two of Lillie's " impenetrable safes" stand close by; while iron safes, very near are Emerson's ingenious ventilators, for the holds of ships. They are intended to take the ventilators place of the old funnel-mouthed cylinders of canvass, ^^^ ^^^^^' and have the great advantage of directing the cur- rent of air downward, no matter how the wind may blow. They are called " corresponding ventilators," two being employed — the one an injector, and the other an ejector. They were well received at the London Exhibition. There is a small model of the ventilators, to show their operation, by blowing upon the injector. A pyramid of packages exhibits the mode of putting up goods in New York for the in- Bales for terior of California. Butterworth's burglar and powdeT'proof lock, reveals a system of interior works Bank lock, apparently complicated enough to puzzle the old Hobbs. It stands upon a Philadelphia iron safe, which is completely thrown into the shade by a iron safes, mammoth and highly ornamental "Salamander" near by. It appears like a small house on wheels, and might be a safe retreat for not only the valua- bles of a bank, but for its officers thrown in. It is in striking contrast with an old, weather-beaten safe An old safe, of Wilder's patent, which bears upon its defaced forehead the inscription, " $100,000 preserved in this safe." The door isi, open now, and the money not there. It tells a tale of the past — of the great New York fire of JSTovember, 1851. In a corner of the same court, Dardonville dis- French lamps plays lamps, chandeliers, bronzes, &c. The lamps Bronzes, are of the famous Carcel order, in which the oil is 40 A DAY IN THE Class xxii. Court 20. Mptallic coffins. Carriage springs. PhoenLx Safe. Household appliances. Tools for tinsmiths. Cast steeL Patent files. Rockwell's patent clasp for bedclothes, N«w spring. pumped up, drop by drop, to the wick, thus promo- ting and sustaining thorough combustion, and pro- ducing the finest oil light conceivable. While entering, at this point, into Court 20, the eye will be arrested by the sight of funereal trap- pings. Raymond's metallic burial-cases, with their solemn drapery of black velvet, suggest grave thoughts. Of all the receptacles yet devised for the remains of the dead, these seem, to us, the least associated with repulsive ideas. At the right hand of the court are carriage springs, from Xew Jersey, and a further variety of hardware articles. The centre contains a Phoenix Safe, man- ufactured by Holmes & Butler. One corner is •occupied by Smith & Bro. with an extensive assort- ment of household articles — from a mangle, or a roasting-jack, to a biscuit-roller or a tea-bell. Dis- regarding a piano-forte, which pushes itself into the western extremity of the court, and retracing a few steps, the south-west corner presents to view a col- lection of odd-shaped instruments, shining with japan black, lacquered brass, and silver plating, accom- panied by huge steel shears. These are tinners' ma- chines, made by Roys & Wilcox, of Berlin, (Conn.) Crossing the court, by a table covered with bars of cast steel, we find a case exhibited by Rockwell, where, besides patent files for newspapers, and patent save-all candlesticks, there is a handsome little ma- hogany bedstead, with two rosy-cheeked wax babies lying asleep and snugly covered by bedclothes, which, if they were ever so much alive and wakeful, they could not possibly "kick off," because they are . confined by Rockwell's patent clasp. What a relief to anxious mothers, in the cold nights of winter, such a contrivance as this must be ! Notice here a new-fashioned carriage spring, exhibited by Wright & Co. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 41 Re-crossing the court, observe those long rows of merry sleigh-bells, whose tinkling music rings in the sieigh-beiis. ear of memory, or suggests to the imagination scenes ' of wild frolic and fun among the white drifts of the winter. We are now in Court 19, and in front of Conrtig. us are polished steel squares and bright steel-headed Hardware, hammers, the manufacturers of which are represented by Douglass, of Kew York. A few moments may be well bestowed in the inspection of Jackson's bell Jackson's telegraph, or " annunciator." It is the best system of communication between the chambers of a hotel and the office ever contrived. When the bell . is struck from any chamber, a disc moves upon the dial of the annunciator, and reveals the number of the room. The disc is restored to" its place by a crank, only when the summons has been answered. ' This court is chiefly occupied by cutlery and edge cutleey and tools. The table of knives and forks exhibited by ^^^^^-^o^^^- Garside, are noticeable for their handles of pearl and ivory, impressed with sharp and excellent medallions of various distinguished characters. Here are the sharp axes of Simioxs & Co. Their case of minia- Axes, &c ture axes and hatchets delights the boys, and may well recall the story of ' George and his hatchet' to our recollection. While speaking^ of miniature specimens, we must not quite overlook a case of very small and highly finished knives and forks, Liiiipntian scissors, and razors, which, it is conjectured, Mr. PooLEY designs for the use of the Lilliputians who are exulting over the captive Gulliver in the German department of the gallery. Appropriate to the col- lection, perhaps, but out of its class, is a knife-clean- ing machine. The New England Cutlery Company exhibit a fine array of pocket knives, the largest of which measures, when open, only nine feet, and Large knives, another, with half a dozen blades, might serve very well for the private use of Brobdignag. This Com 42 A DAY IN THE Knife Mith 365 blades. Button-hole cutters. Saws and files, Pocket cutlery, COLLINS'S axes. Pistol-knives. Tom Tliumb's knife. Table knives. Shears. Augurs. Fine cutlery. Furniture and pianofortes. pany displays a knife which, contains 365 blad'es, a piece of ingenuity rivalled in kind only by the remarkable knife of Rodgers, in the English Courts. Here are highly polished shears for tailors, and a cooper's crose. Near by is a case of Walcott's graduated button-hole cutters, from the inspection of which we pass into Court 18, glancing, as we go, at a patent self-holding screw-driver. The remain- der of the objects in Class xx. are now before us. Here are saws and files in great variety exhibited by Ibbotson ; pocket cutlery by Sheehan, and also a very fine display by the Union Knife Company of Connecticut. Collins & Co, make an effective show of their renowned axes, adzes, cleavers, and other formidable edged tools. Crossing the court at this point, the New York Knife Company claims a few moments' attention to their excellent display. It embraces pistol-knives, instruments of no question- able utility to the traveller in the backwoods. Look sharply here for a Lilliputian knife, a three-bladed instrument only half an inch long. In the next cases are neatly finished table knives from Connec- ticut ; tailors' shears from two manufacturers ; and, displayed in cases on the walls, is a brilliant variety of long augurs, whose convoluted forms remind one of revolving glass in mimic fountains. These, also, are from Connecticut, which is already noted for its superior cutlery and edge tools. They are followed by axes and sledge hammers. A case of highly polished and richly mounted cutlery by Alviset, deserves more than a passing glance. Throughout the middle of the two courts just inspected are distributed some furniture and piano- fortes, which may be now advantageously noticed before we enter into the adjoining section. The piano just before us is made by McDonald, and is provided with a new reed arrangement called by the NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 43 inventors the " Euterpean AttacTiment." It pro- Euterpean duces a full and pleasing tone. The next instrument is exhibited by Hazleton & Brothers. Jean Lau- Pianofortes. . KOTA has a pianoforte in showy case, with keys of pearl and tortoise shell. Beyond it is a variety of chamber furniture in papier mache, made by Ward, Chamber and at the opening of the court is a very handsome suite of bedroom furniture in white enamel, with gilded decorations. The walls of these courts are hung with decorative papers from iS'ew Bedford, Waii papers. Mass., and from Philadelphia. Our course is now by the nave into Court 12, Court 12. which, with other courts, is occupied by furniture and musical instruments. The first object which presents itself is a billiard table, made by Winant, Biuiard table. flanked on the right hand by a magnificently carved buffet in oak, by Bulkley & Herter, and on the left Carved buflfet, by furniture of great elegance from Dessoir, among which is a book-case in rose wood, fit for a palace. Book-case. A little further on, the centre is occupied bv a sofa Sofa and ■^ chairs. and set of chairs covered with rich brocade. On the left is a handsomely carved side-board by Roche- side-board. FORT, and on the right, a handsome buffet from the Buffet, manufactory of Brooks ; a beautiful piece of wood Wood carving. carving in alto-relievo, by Plassmax, and a very elaborate gothic book-case of carved oak, by Bulk- Carved LEY & Herter. The only objection to the latter is, that space is sacrificed to show. Two or three dozen of Messrs. Putnam & Co.'s beautiful books occupy all its available space, while it would take -up the end of an ordinary library. This book-case intro- duces us to Court 13, further along on the east side Courtis, of which is a group of furniture from Boston, among Boston which are examples of well-applied ornament. There is a side-board, in black walnut, with elaborate carv- * ings of game and fruit ; a centre-table, and Siamese chair, also of walnut ; and a library chair, converti- 44 A. DAY IN THE Grand pianoforte. Billiard table. Pianofortes. Papier ruacb6 Painted panels. Gilt mouldings. New violin. Harp. Guitars. Fautuell. Gilded chamber. Hall & Son's pianoforte. Melodeon. Dininsc table. ble into steps. In fi'ont of these objects, a showy grand-piano, of carved rosewood, bearing the name of J. Ruck, maker, is mounted upon a massive and elegant billiard table, made by Bassford — an econ- omy of space of doubtful advantage to either object. Here a row of pianofortes stretches east and west. One of these is noticeable for its case of papier-mache, profusely ornamented with pearl and painting. It is exhibited, with another in a florid case of rosewood, by Grovesteen. Across these instruments, we may inspect a group of articles in papier-mache, made by Evans & Milward. Close by, are various cases of musical instruments, panels of painted woods, specimens of gilt mouldings, and " a new method of transposing the musical scale," conspicuously displayed. Passing westward, observe, on the left, a new description of violin — the invention of Mount, the artist. He calls it the '' hollow back violin," and claims for it superiority of tone to the convex-back instrument. Brown exhibits a very handsome harp, by which are some guitars, from Pennsylvania. At this point, another beautiful billiard-table will turn the visitor's steps northward. Yield not to the temptation to sit down in the "Turkish fautueil," for the vigilant police will not allow you to touch its dainty covering of white brocade silk. Enter now the chamber decorated in pierre carton gilding, by Thomas & Brothers. The work exhibits tokens of great haste, and lack of finish. Within, however, there is a magnificent pianoforte, in a case of mot- tled oak wood, with a richly carved plinth, made by Wm. Hall & Son. Its tone is as superior as its finish. Here is also a very beautiful rosewood me- lodeon, by Prince. Besides these, there are choice specimens of furniture, by Hutchings. Beyond this chamber is a handsome extension diuing-table, in NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 45 massive polished oak, by Hobe. Here may be seen a new style of bedstead, with pendulating berth or Ne^v shelf, admirable for crowded hotels. Some rustic furniture, of twisted and ornarled branches, with the Rustic ' ^ . . , furniture. bark on, made by the Oneida Community, displays ingenuity and taste. A noteworthy object is an adjustable side-board, in oak. It is a pyramid of Oak sideboard, shelves, which may be depressed into an ordinary table. In this court are rich mouldings, by Black Mouldings. & Gramm. Gallantry forbids us to overlook an arm- chair, displaying elegant embroideries in Berlin wool, Arm-chair, by a lady. In returning, by the decorated room, into the region of musical instruments, we pass a case of violins which will repay the close attention YioUns. of the amateur. They are made by Gemunder, who received a prize medal at the London Exhibition for a Quarnerius violin. Neff displays, at this point, a quartette of stringed instruments. Beyond the Quartette, billiard-table are clarionets, by Lauter; accordeons. Clarionets, by Resch ; and banjos, by Jacobs. JSText to these are clocks and mirrors, in neat and ornamental iron Clocks. frames, from the Harlem Papier-Mache Works. The Palace Secretary, as its contriver calls it, is The " Palace a showy piece of furniture, of a most comprehensive order. Without being of enormous bulk, it contains a bedstead, bureau, writing-desk, book-case, ward- robes, silver-closet, and sundry other conveniences — the whole being surmounted by a musical and alarm clock. In .this vicinity are viols and violins, of admirable "Viois, &c. quality, by MmiioxT ; a melodeon, by Gardner ; Meiodeon. flutes, by Eisenbrandt ; and a musical novelty, in Flutes, the shape of a keyed violin, invented by Robertson, Keyed violin, upon which it is professed a novice may learn to play with great facility. A line of pianofortes here stretches eastward ; Pianofortes, and in front of them, beneath a blue canopy, King 46 A DAT IN THE Mechanical chairs. Invalid chair. Bedstead. Self-rocking cradle. Elegant furniture. Court 6. Chamber furniture. Rustic chairs. School desks. Iron furniture. "Window blinds. Pianofortes. "Wall papers. Imitation tapestries. & Sons exhibit a group of meclianical chairs, for motion and locomotion. Among them is a very ele- gant one, somewhat ostentatiously labelled as '' the chair in which the President sat at the opening of the Crystal Palace." Passing around the tent, we observe some elegant parlour chairs from Philadel- phia ; a patent invalid recline (which seems really well adapted to its purpose) ; a highly ornamented cottage bedstead, with floral decorations, from Hart, Ware & Co., of Philadelphia. At the foot of it is D. Walker & Co.'s patent self-rocking cradle, a pretty and useful contrivance for the nursery. On the right is a small court filled with rich furniture, made by Alex. Roux. A m'assive round table of polished walnut, and a carved side-board of the same, are particularly beautiful. We pass now into Court 6, to inspect on the left a suite of chamber furniture, made by Gschwind. It is painted of a deep rich colour — the tables cov- ered with warm-tinted marble, and the chairs with buff brocade. The drawers of this furniture open witli a spring — a very unquestionable advantage. On the right is rustic furniture for gardens and arbours, made at Yonkers, by Lachoume. Beneath the stairs is a variety of neat scliool-room furniture, and a neat sofa bedstead, of new construction, from St. Louis. An ornamental iron bedstead, toilet stands, and chairs, are good examples of this style of chamber furniture, made by Gillies. Ford's pat- ent window blinds attract a good share of attention. In the centre of Court 6 are two pianofortes made by Hallet, Davis & Co. — one of them a grand, and the other square, and both highly finished in rose- wood. Beyond these, and beneath the "wall papers of G OLDER, of Philadelphia, are examples of a new style of decoration. It is an imitation of the French tapestries, by chemical painting on cloth or satin. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 47 The process is patented by the exhibitor, Leon court 6. Jarosson. The chief painting represents the Dis- covery of America by Columbus, and is a showy and brilliant work. Here we complete our survey of Division A upon The end of the ground floor, and have reached the centre, at the point whence we started. From the seats just at hdnd the Amazon has a fine effect — or, Powers's statuary may reasonably claim a little more atten- tion. The brilliancy which pours in through the eyes of the great dome is somewhat trying, after the subdued tone of the light in the interior courts of the Palace. 48 A DAY IN THE DIVISION B. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Manton's guns. Gilby's rifle. Court 1. Entering the Division occupied by Great Britain and Ireland, at Court 1, opening from the South nave, we are njet first by a colossal bust of the late Bust of Peel. Sir Robert Peel, modelled in plaster by Jones. Turn- ing then to the left side, two of the famous double guns of Manton will interest the sportsman, and at the same time he may inspect Gilby's rifle which loads at the breech. These objects are a little out of place in a section chiefly devoted to books and sta- tionery, but they are not the only instances of the kind in this Division, where the space granted and the objects contributed are frequently not in propor- tion to each other. On the middle line of the court will be found, for instance, immediately behind the Splendid book, bust of Peel, first, a magnificent volume entitled '' Scotland Delineated," superb alike in its binding, in its typography, and in its artistic features ; and Bray's harp, just beyond it, a double-action harp, in bird's-eye maple and gold, made by Bray, of Dublin, and next Oxford table, to this a Very beautiful table, in papier mache, orna- mented with views of Oxford. This is contributed Paimerston. by Spiers & SoN. A bust of PalmcTston, in marble, by Thomas Sharp, of London, succeeds, and brings Bohn's books, the visitor to a book-case which should be inspected in connection with one on the left side of the court. They contain the valuable contributions of Mr. Bohn, a prominent London publisher, whose name is known NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 49 to every bibliopole in the world. The central case Splendid vol llTn6& contains treasures, in two volumes, in folio, of Selby's British Ornithology^ and four volumes, in folio, of the pictures of the Gallerie die Palais Pitti. These are two only, of several valuable works. In the side case are complete sets of five of the most popular and admirable series of books accessible to the reader. Popular They are denominated the Standard, Classical, Illus- trated, Scientijic, and Antiquarian Libraries, and embrace, altogether, nearly 200 volumes, in 12mo., of the choicest works in their respective departments. "We have dwelt a moment on this collection because it deserves to be known to all who are collecting libraries, both for its great merit and cheapness.'"'-' Beneath a frame of fine typographic specimens from Typography. Sheffield, are various books from Lumley of London. Books. GooDALL & Son's frame of playing cards exhibits a Playing great variety of new and beautiful patterns. Pol- lard's envelopes seem to be of an infinite variety and Envelopes, of superior quality. Just beneath the stairs will be found samples of fancy papers from ]N"ewberry of Fancy papers. London, and a frame containing some remarkable specimens of chromo-lithography, being five illustra- tions, printed in colours, of St. Patrick's famous bell St. Patrick's and its jewelled shrine. Advancing, at this point, into Court T, the visitor Court T. will find, facing him, a very attractive display of oil prints by the patented process of Baxter of London, Oil prints, and near by is a smaller tableau, exhibited by Da- vidson, the ISTew York agent. Here are the excel- lent black-lead pencils of Brookman & Langdon. Pencils. The centre of the Court is occupied by an extensive display of fancy stationery, and shell, pearl, and stationery 1 , T . J , . and fancy papier mache goods. Among them are many speci- articles. * Messrs. Bangs, Brother & Co., of New York, are the agents of Mr. Bohn. 50 A DAY IN THE Court T. Steel pens. Piipers. De LA Kue'8 stationery. mens of exquisite and ingenious workmanship. They are exhibited by Bainbridge & Co. The infinite variety of steel pens made by Gillott is illustrated in a corner of this court, and the curi- ous observer will contrast the mammoth pen of three feet in length with those not longer than a barley- corn ! The entire range hence to the nave is occu- pied by English paper makers and stationers. Hol- LiNGSwoRTH exhibits vast rolls of drawing paper showing the manner in which these fabrics are produced at the great mills. The display of sta- tionery by De la Rue & Co., of London, cannot fail to attract attention. Here are all descriptions of ornamented papers, envelopes, and visiting cards ; beautiful papeterie ; playing cards, exquisitely em- bellished ; fine morocco cases of various kinds ; gelatine papers, and a long catalogue of other arti- cles. The most novel portion of their whole display Pearl-tinted are the pearl-tinted envelopes and irridescent films irridisceiit for omaments. These are produced by the action of light upon extremely attenuated films of varnish ■or oils. The splendid colours seen upon a vanishing €oap bubble are actually caught and made permanent upon paper. A drop of oil or varnish will spread itself over a considerable surface of water, producing there exquisite tints. By carefully drawing a piece of paper through the film, the rainbow hues are taken prisoners, and somewhat in this manner are the irridescent tissues of paper obtained. Bookbinders' cloths, or muslins, of all the gay colours and patterns we see upon modern volumes, are exhibited, by two manufacturers, in this court. Reaching Court 2, by the nave, we are at once among the textile fabrics of the United Kingdom, which extend through Courts 2, 3, and 4, fronting upon the nave, and also 8, 9, and 10, immediately Deubie courts, beyond them. The first two of these double courts papers. Captive colours. Cloths for bookbinders. Courts. British textiles. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 51 are, for the convenience of exhibitors, bisected, and courts 2 the visitor, in passing around them, must look both *° on the right and left hand. Unless we enter into a British textile full explanation of the processes of weaving, bleach- ing, and colouring the various fabrics of wool, cotton, flax and silk, which we shall find distributed through these courts — a history which would be out of place here — there is very little for us to say concerning them. Our review, therefore, will be only a rapid generalization. In the first section we find ourselves between showy damasks and table covers, on the Damasks, one hand, and brocatelles and worsted fabrics on the Brocateiies. other. The beautiful poplins and paramattas of popUns. MiDDLETON & Co., and the brocatelles and brocades of Grosvexor, will detain the fair visitor a few moments, while the gentlemen will probably turn rather to inspect a fine display of piano felt-cloth in piano felt all its varieties and forms, from the Wandle Felt Mills, or linger to admire the richly embroidered vest patterns of Hayward, the fine cloths exhibited vestings and by Sykes, and the cloths and cassimeres of Bull & * *'*^^* Wilson. In this section are fine and comfortable shawls from two or three exhibitors. The extremity shawis. of the line is occupied by an extensive variety of woollen fabrics of the coarser description, and here may be found a great display of woollen yarns. The Woollens southern section of the court displays on one side ^° ^*^°'' woollen, and, upon the other, cotton, linen, and mixed fabrics. Among the former are some superb buffalo cloths and beavers, made for Stewart & Co., Buffalo cloths, of New York. The broadcloths of York & Sheep- Broadcloths. SHANKS are excellent examples of English woollen fabrics, while,, the tweeds and fancy woollens of Brown & Co., and of Wilson, show the merits of Scotch cloths. Scottish manufactures. On the other side are some specimens of the excellent Wisbech cotton sheetings, Bneets and and over them, as appears perfectly natural, are ^^^^*'^- , 62 A DAY IN THE Linen goods. The Queen's arms. Irish poplins. Patent beaver cloths. Cloth fish pond. Flax fabrics. Irish linen manufacture. Fen ton's flax and linen. Table cloths. Fine linen. Linen and woollen table covers. Early's fine Witney blankets of English wool. The linen fabrics in this section are chiefly of the heavier kinds, as table cloths, sheetings, and towellings, and are all British manufactures. One fine table cover displays the arms of Queen Victoria in damask. Approaching the nave an extensive display of Irish poplins is made by the brothers Pim of Dublin. Here are single and double, watered and gold modern and antique, plain and fancy poplins, and other mixed fabrics of fine quality. Just opposite are Carr's patent beaver cloths, impervious to rain, and at the edge of the court, behind the statue of Sabrina, the visitor may see not only the wool of these cloths in every stage of the manufacture, but also a pleasing illustration of their impermeable nature, a basin of cloth filled with water in which toy fishes are floating. The next section (Courts 3 and 9) is occupied almost exclusively by the manufactures of flax for which Great Britain, and especially Ireland, is famous. The manufacture of linen was commenced in Ireland in 1624, and at the present time her looms yield perhaps the finest specimens anywhere produced. In Fexton & Son's cases are specimens of the flax plant, and of flax in the various stages of its manufacture, and also of exceedingly fine threads. Here, also, may be inspected linen fabrics of every texture, and in most varieties. An extensive dis- play of fine table cloths, of single and double damask, is also made by Kichardson, Sons, & Owden. The fine fabrics of Gihon & Sons extend on both sides of the partition wall in Court 9. At the upper end is a very large assortment of linen threads, and, near them, all descriptions of coarse and heavy linen fabrics. The visitor will notice, in passing towards the nave, the fine damask, silk and linen, and richly printed woollen table cloths of Dewar & Sons. The NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 53 opposite side is occupied by Dunbar's linen threads Linen threads, in immense variety, and by fine linen fabrics from Dunbar, Dickson & Co. On the left hand of Courts 4 and 10, is a fine display of Jacquard figured silks, such as brocades, Jacquard silk tissue and brocatelles, suitable for upholstery. BrocateUes. These are exhibited by Houldsworth & Co., of Manchester, and constitute the principal feature of this section. Here may be found a case of beauti- ful crape and areophane fabrics from Courtauld & crape goods. Co., of London, and another of silk plushes from siik plushes. Booth & Pike. The latter are used principally in the manufacture of hats and bonnets. Hall & Nichols, of London, display every variety of silk Trimmings, trimmings and sewing silk. Upon the south side of Court 4, are displayed contributions from Sweden and Norway. These, swedknaito though few in number, are not without interest to ^^*^'^'*-"^- the visitor. There are specimens of Vasa-rye, native Yasarye. nickel, soap, and excellent stearine candles. The candies, principal objects, however, are wood carvings by -wood the Norwegian peasantry, of which there are numer- ^'"^^^ss. ous beautiful examples. Here, also, may be seen specimens of salt, oil, vinegar, and sabots, from Por- Poetxtgal. tugal, and, in close companionship, candles and soap from Spain. Some of the candles are curiously Spain. embellished. The next Courts, 5 and 11, are occupied by a large variety of stone and terra cotta ware, at pre- stoneware sent in most admired disorder. Here may be seen cotta. the pedestal of a huge Warwick vase, the latter, unfortunately, broken beyond repair, we suppose in its transit from the Old World. Here are fire bricks of all kinds ; drain bricks ; drain tiles ; roofing tiles and gutters ; all sorts of architectural ornaments in terra cotta ; water filters, vases, and jugs, of enamel- led stone. A great variety of these articles are from 54 A DAT IN THE Printing Telegraph Classes ii^ iii., and iv. the Lambeth Pottery of Doulton & Watts. There is one unmense stoue jar, to lift the cover of which is a tax upon one's strength. Without positive information, we can only conjecture that this is modelled after the famous oil-jars in w^hich the forty thieves were so neatly boiled to death by Morgiana, in the era of the Arabian Nights I In this section is one of the stands of House's Printing Telegraph, of which we shall have some- thing to say when we reach the other stand in another division. Passing beyond the region of pottery, the visitor will find himself in Court 17, where there will cer- Eibow room, tainly be no complaint of being crowded. Around, and before us, stretches a space only partially occu- pied. All along the side windows of the Palace — through Courts It and 22 — are displayed, at inter- vals, the objects embraced in Classes ii., iii., and iv., of Great Britain and Ireland. The appearance of this department is by no means imposing, though there are a few very remarkable contributions. Let the visitor glance at them, even up to the door of the southern refreshment saloon. There are some fine specimens of gelatine in pastes, sheets, and shreds, as, also, of British isinglass. These are followed by specimens of archil, and cud- bear, and lac dyes. Archil and cudbear are pro- duced from numerous lichens by steeping them in ammoniated solutions, and they are extensively used in dyeing textile fabrics. They yield all shades of violet, bine, crimson, and chocolate colours. Here are specimens of Royal Osborn Sauce, and upon a table, near at hand, is a large display of the famous Worcestershire Sauce of Lea & Perrins. Besides these, there is the Camp Sauce of Somerset- shire, and mushroom spawn — all of which are esteemed exquisite condunents by bons vivants. In Gelatines. Archil and cudbear. Bich BancoB. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 55 the same category are mustards here exhibited. Mustards. Curious objects are the principles of aloes and coffee, respectively termed aloin and caffein, and exhibited Aioin and by SiiiTH, Brothers. They display exquisitely fine crystallization. Beyond these are numerous large Crystal crystals of copperas (sulphate of iron), and they are followed by a very interesting display of British in- British plants, digenous plants, ingeniously preserved by Kent. The mineral colours exhibited by Ellam, Jones & Co. Mineral •^ colours. are numerous and brilliant ; and the chemicals of Howard & Kent appear to be of exceedingly fine Chemicals quality and of great purity. Retracing now our steps into Court 16, we may Court 16. pause awhile before the grand tableau of English seeds and productions exhibited by Noble & Co., English seeds, of London. Upon the walls are coloured drawings of astonishino- turuii^s, wonderful beets, and carrots Mammoth vegetables, which might pass for golden walking-sticks if they were not so stout. Beneath them are innumerable specimens of seeds, capable of growing into the realization of the pictured wonders above, and all other descriptions of vegetables. What a sight is this for vegetarian societies ! They should vote a gold medal to the exhibitors if they could possibly Tribute due. fail of obtaining one from the jury. In the vast void around us here, we may discover three cases of preserved English flowers — two of English dried ^ ° flowers. them botanically arranged, and the other for decora- tive effect, but all with great care and taste. A considerable amount of space is devoted in this Haedwake. Division to hardware, under which generic term the Catalogue includes wrought iron in every form, and all brass and pewter articles. This is, of course, a wide range, and brings together objects that are vastly dissimilar. The anvil of the blacksmith, or the sledge with which he plies it, is in striking con- trast with the polished needle, or the slender watch- Differences. 56 A DAT IN THE Class xxii. Court 15. Value of iron. Boiler tubes. Cutlery. Great carver. Pins and needles. Fish-hooks. Low Moor Iron "Work. Immense plate of iron. spring. There is a vast difference between the iron tea-kettle, and the tea-urn of planished tin ; or be- tween the brass fire-irons, and the superb chandelier. In this class, therefore, extremes meet — the rude and elegant, the cheap and the costly, stand side by side. The difference is entirely artificial ; it is the result of human ingenuity and human labour, here beauti- fully illustrated. Iron, the coarsest of all the metals, estimated by the importance of its relations to human industry and progress, is the most precious of all. It is one of the greatest elements in the prosperity of a civilized people, and it is not surpris- ing that it is one of the chief features of the British department. Entering Court 15, we pass a stand of iron tubing, described as lap-iuelded tubes, a name which indicates sufficiently the manner of their construction. Passing to the left, we find a truly magnificent display of cutlery and edge-tools by Turner & Son. Here are mammoth examples of the pocket-knife and razor, and a remarkable carver and fork, the handles of which are immense antlers of the stag, highly polished. The beauty and variety of this display is scarcely surpassed. Those minute but important specimens of iron manufactures, pins, needles, and fish-hooks, are here extensively and in- geniously displayed. An eagle, formed of fish-hooks, is certainly a novelty ; and beside it, we find stars and plumes of needles. The name of one of the manufacturers is also pointedly delineated in needles. The contributions of the Low Moor Iron Com- pany are varied and interesting. They inciude spe- cimens of iron in every stage of its manufacture, together with the coal and coke employed in its preparation, and examples of wrought iron subjected to immense power. The sign of this Company is a sheet of rolled iron, twenty feet in- length, five in breadth, and nearly an inch in thickness — the largest NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 57 plate of iron ever rolled. Here may be seen a tire Court 15. of a locomotive driving-wheel, bent cold, and nume- Bent iron, rous examples of immense round rods of iron tied into knots when cold ! Knotted bars. Just opposite, is an extensive display of brass hardware, by Simcox, Pemberton & Sons, of Bir- Brassware. mingham. The collection embraces all descriptions of cabinet work, in brass, and in glass and china, with brass mountings, of which there are here dis- played many novel and beautiful specimens. Curtain cornices and decorations, in brass, are produced by Cm-tain ' II- decorations. pressing or stamping sheet brass with steel dies ; and great elegance has certainly been attained in this branch of ornamental work. The application of galvanized tinned iron sheets Tinned iron to roofing, and the construction of gutters, pipes, &c., is here largely illustrated. The material being corrugated, combines great strength with lightness, and is not only fire-proof but rust-proof. At this point we may notice a case of stirrups stirrups of and saddlery hardware, exhibiting a variety of * ^'^'^^ "*^^' patterns, and intended for both home and foreign markets. Some of the styles of bits and stirrups are grotesque — the latter with immense spurs. These objects are all richly plated with silver. Saddlery hardware forms quite an item of the manufactures of Birmingham and its vicinity. To the left of this case we notice Brown's Conical Buffer-Spring, for Buffer spring railway carriages. It consists of a cylinder, in which °'" ^^' ^'^^^' a spring piston is fitted, and its utility consists in its power to counteract the shock arising from the stop- page of a train npon the rails. The files and rasps of Marriott & Atkinson are Files and of various patterns and fine finish. Crossing, here, ^^^^' to the. opposite corner of the court, we observe the fine display of rasps, files, and edge tools, made by TuRTON & Sons. In connection with these, it is 58 A DAY IN THE Prepared Eteel. interesting to notice the bars of steel tilted and rolled Saw i)late. Wrought Bteel. Chandeliers. Locomotive reverser. Tin ware. for their manufacture. Passing southward, we find a corner of Court 14, occupied by an immense circular plate of steel. It is nearly seven feet in diameter, and is designed for a circular saw. This, and long sheets of steel for cross-cut saws, and various specimens of fine wrought steel, are exhibited by Jessop & Sons, and add to our already numerous examples of Sheffield manufactures. Beyond these, is a fine display of chandeliers from Birmingham, of elaborate workmanship applied to several highly artistic designs. On a centre table, at the right hand, there is quite a variety of objects, Miner's lamp, amoug which are gutta percha skates, a new mining lamp, an ingenious plan for reversing locomotives on railway tracks, specimens of iron rails, of differ- ent kinds and calibres, files, and prepared steel. Opposite to these, is a large variety of planished tin ware, and general household utensils ; leaving which, upon the right liand, the visitor may pass into an Eastern court to inspect the remainder of the British hardware. A case of machine wires, used in the manufacture of paper, is exhibited at this point. Here, too, are found iron chains of immense size, adapted to mining purposes, and to form the cables of the largest ships ; and, behind them, more lap-welded tubes for steam boilers, and wrought iron in a hun- dred different specimens. Thornton & Sons exhibit curious brass candle- sticks and gas burners, with a collection of kitchen utensils. Among the latter, may be found a patent roasting-jack, with self-acting baster and reflector. This is the invention of a lady. An improved variety of steel wire, for musical instruments, may be seen opposite to a frame of lap-welded tubes, of all sizes. Displayed upon the wall space of this section, is a Ordnance nnap i .' r i ' of Lancashire, magnificent OrdnaucG map of Lancashire, one of the Machine wires. Iron chains. Lap-welded Iron tabes. Novel gas burners Patent roaster. Steel wire. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 59 contributions of the Britisli Government. Two cases of bright steel instruments, which might easily be mistaken for bayonets, are, on the contrary, emblems of peace, being spindles and flyers for spinning Spindiesand machinery, made by Preston, of Manchester. ^^"* The visitor will pass, here, to the inspection of a mantel-piece, a font, and tables, made of Derbyshire Marbles of marbles, which are all examples of carboniferous ^^^^y^hire. limestone, and exhibit various colours, according to the metallic oxides with which they are combined. The black marble is very beautiful, and is much Biaek marble, employed. The specimens of inlaying, or mosaic Mosaic work. work, here exhibited, by Tomlinson, of Ashford, are exceedingly beautiful. An immense and attractive variety of vases, cups, and other articles, in Derby- shire marble, is displayed to the very verge of this section, upon the East Nave. The British Ordnance maps of Wigtonshire, and Dublin, overhang these Ordnance objects. Along the centre of the section, Sutcliffe, ^^^^' of Birmingham, displays tables, screens, trays, cabi- nets, and other objects, in papier mache, and japan- Papier mach6 ned work. The opposite side of the court is occupied ware^^^"^ by tables, vases, and numerous other objects, in plain and mosaic Derbyshire marbles. The fluor spar, Fluorspar, (fluate of lime,) commonly called ''Blue John," is an exquisite variety of these stones, and is highly esteemed for its fine colour. The wall of this section is hung with the splendid Ordnance map of England Map of ^ -rrr i ^ England and and Wales, Wales. Upon the same table with these vases, are some fine septarias ; two chess-boards, of mosaic marble ; ^^ * a table-top, ornamented with illustrations of Shaks- in'stone!*^'^ speare's Seven Ages, in chromo-lithography ; and two concertinas. The concertina is a very sweet instru- Concertinas, ment, of the accordeon kind, deficient, however, in forzando effect. At the edge of the court, may be jj^j|^^ found a new system of railway signals, signals. 60 A DAY IN T II E Machinery. Furniture courts. Stodart's pianofortes. "Wall papers. Papier macb6 furniture. Papier mach6, how made. Polishing. " The Day Dreamer." Leaving the machine courts of this division to be inspected in connection with the Machine Arcade, we turn our -steps westward. Courts 12 and 13, form a section occupied by furniture a-nd pianofortes. Entering from the nave, we find a group of the latter just before us — comprising a grand, square, and upright — from the manufactory of Stodart & Co., of London. They are chaste examples of Englisli walnut furniture, in the Louis Quatorze and Elizabethan styles. Upon the left hand, are specimens of wall papers, with illustrations of the manner of printing them from successive blocks. Upon the opposite side of the court is another display of printed papers, for deco- rative purposes — embracing several elegant patterns — from Solomon & Hart. The papier macho fur- niture, and other articles, exhibited by Jennens & Bettredge, will next attract the attention of visitors. They are numerous, and of remarkable beauty. This house is celebrated for its papier mache fabrics, and holds a patent for a superior process of inlaying with mother-of-pearl. The manufactures of papier mache are so nume- rous, and so generally difl'used, that some account of the methods employed may not be without general interest. Common papier mache is nothing more than pulp of paper pressed dry and hard in moulds The superior quality is made by covering a frame or model with successive layers of porous paper, which are allowed to dry and hsfrden. The article is then covered with varnish, which is polished with rotten- stone, and, finally, with the hand, to give it a high finish. It is then ready for the pencil of the artist. Prominent among the contributions under notice, is a very beautiful easy-chair, not inaptly called " The Day Dreamer." It is decorated with figures and emblems illustrative of sleep and dreams. There NEW YORK C K Y S T A L PALACE. 61 is also a tete-a-tete lounge, various exquisite tables, Tete-a-tete and, in the south end of the section, a variety of °" °^' cabinets, boxes, inkstands, &c. The centre of the Tables, &c. section is occupied by a remarkable display of furni- Elegant ture by Morant & Boyd. There are numerous ^'^^^i*^^®- tables, two of which are worthy of particular notice. One of these is called " the Swan table," and the Swan table. other "the Stork table" — names, the fitness of which stork table. will be apparent when they are seen. The latter table has a top of painted glass. There are also console tables, cabinets, jardinieres, screens, and tri- caWnets, &c. pod stands. They exhibit, beside these, a specimen of interior interior decoration in the elaborate style of Francois I., and ^^^^^ ^°"* illustrative of both the pictorial and plastic arts. There is, on the opposite side of the court, a beau- tiful cabinet of zebra wood, the panels of which are Cabinet of painted with four illustrations of woman's history ^^ ^awoo . Messrs. Arrowsmith are the makers and exhibitors. The ''Shamrock Table" is an object of interest, "Shamrock being constructed of thirteen of the rarest Irish ^ ®' woods. The centre represents an Irish harper. Behind a collection of papier mache, and fine japanned articles, is a large mirror, displayed in a frame of carved wood, which Js one of the most re- Mirror frame markable works in the Palace. The whole frame is J^ooTby composed of wreaths of flowers and grapes, executed ^^geks. with a wonderful grace and freedom. It is the work of Mr. Rogers, of London, who has several other exquisite examples of wood-carving on panels and Exquisite cups in the Exhibition. His works are very highly ^'^^^^^s^- esteemed in England, and fully revive the rare de- gree of excellence displayed in the art, by Grinling Gibbons of another age. Before leaving this court, tlie visitor will notice a truthful and finely-chiselled bust of Jenny Lind, Bust of , . 1 , Jenny Lind. by Durham, and a statuette, m marble, represent- 62 A DAY IN THE Statuette. Altar-piece. Daniel O'Connell. Sheffield manufactures. Edge tools. Great razor. Steel plates. Machine ruling, Fine cutlery. Busts of O'Connell and Father Mathew. Cutlery. Keedle eyes. Imported cutlery and eporting accoutre- mcnta. ing " Olivia raising the veil," by Kirk of Dublin. Passing out of this section to the eastward, by a carved altar-piece, with exquisite painting of the Madonna, the visitor enters the department of cut- lery, in front of a marble bust of Daniel O'Connell. The beautiful steel manufactures of Sheffield are here displayed in profusion. The exhibitors seem to have vied with each other as to who should produce the most beautiful effect with his manufactures. First, are the edge-tools of Howarth, with a mam- moth chisel, elaborately ornamented. In Jackson's case (just opposite) is a giant razor, as the exponent of the sharp instruments around it. The visitor will notice some large and highly-polished plates of steel. They are engravers' plates ; and among them is one ruled, as it is termed — a process performed by machinery, and producing the fine lines seen in the upper part of a steel engraving. Hargreaves next displays a splendid assortment of knives, razors, scissors, and fine tools, and is followed by Marsh & Brothers with an array fully as beautiful. At the edge of the court, upon the nave, are two busts, in marble, the one of O'Connell, and the other of Father Mathew, both executed by Christopher Moore, of London. Between them, is a case of beautiful pocket-knives. Upon the opposite tables and wall space, are exhibited further specimens of cutlery ; also, needles, crochet-needles, stilettoes, percussion caps, and fishing tackle. Near by, is an upright case, in which are displayed, behind magni- fying lenses, fine hairs, perforated, and threaded into themselves. These are exhibited, by a needle manu- facturer, as examples of the delicate process of making needle eyes. In anothej section of Court 6 — which may be entered at this point — are extensive displays of fine cutlery, guns, ammunition, and sporting accoutre. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 63 ments, both by manufacturers and importers. The last object to be observed in this department, is a magnificent sportsman's knife, made by Rodgers & Rodgers & Son. The handle is twelve inches in length, and it nmVsSfe.' contains eighty blades, and other instruments. Upon one side of the handle, which is of mother-of-pearl, is embossed, in alto-relievo, the boar hunt, and, upon the other side, the death of the stag. The blades are etched with views of English and American cities. It is a very remarkable piece of workman- ship, and justly attracts much admiration, as it did also in the Crystal Palace at London. Here we complete our review of Division B., and End of must now cross over to the south-west division of the Palace. 64 A DAT IN THE DIVISION C. BELGIUM, GERMANY, AND FRANCE. Division C, ('ourt 1. Fire-arms. Percussion caps. Belgittm. Glancing the eye upward, to the point where the South nave merges into the centre, the Belgian colours will be recognized, and, passing beneath the flag, to the left of Fraikin's fine model of a Psyche, we stand within Court 1, of Division C, which, to- gether with its subsequent Court (7,) is occupied by the contributions from Belgium. We are in the midst of arms, and ammunition, from various contri- butors. The stand of double-barrelled guns, and pistols, at the edge of the court, is exhibited by Falisse & Trapmann, of Liege. The long show- case, within the court, containing, besides numerous pistols, every description of percussion caps, and their corresponding nipples, and another stand of military arms, still beyond it, are also from these Military arms, exhibitors. Amoug the military arms, are Russian, Swiss, Norwegian, Prussian, Belgian, and Spanish guns. A stand of rifles must be included with all these, making the most extensive assortment of arms contributed by any foreign manufacturer. The left hand side of the court is entirely occupied by guns and rifles, and gun hardware, exhibited principally by Petry, of Liege. Schepers, and L'Honneux, both, also, of Liege, exhibit a variety of guns, near the entrance of the court. Proceeding into Court T, we encounter an im- mense variety of brushes, for every conceivable Rifles. More fire-arms Court T. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 65 purpose, from Somz^-Cadet, of Liege. Here are Brushes, house brushes ; railway brushes ; long cylindrical brushes for cloth manufacturers ; military brushes, and door-step brushes. At the end of this large collection is a tempting display of loaf and crystal- lized sugars from Ghent. The centre of the court Sugars. is occupied by glass and earthenware. In a recess, Glassware, to the right, is an extensive display of spikes and Nails and nails. ■ ^P^^^^- In the extremity of the court are curious cloths of aloe-fibre, of two surfaces, some of them appa- Aioe-fibre cloths rently interwoven with silk. They are used in the same manner as horse-hair cloths for furniture. Dis- played, at some height upon the wall of this court, are tapestry carpetings from Tournay; fine specimens Tapestry of varnished leathers from Brussels ; muffs, pelerines, ^^^^ ^ ^ * and natural furs, from Ghent ; while below these, Leathers , , and furs. and upon tne tables, are woollen shawls and dress fabrics from DEMOORivruYs, of Lookeran, and mixed v^^ooiien fabrics wool and cotton stuffs from Schmidt & Co., of ' Brussels. Upon a table, near by, are displayed samples of chemical colours, purified rape-seed oil, Chemicals. and starch. In another corner of this court are neat and sub- cow-hatr stantial-looking carpets, made of cow-hair ; hemp ^'^'"p^^^- canvas, of immense width ; and excellent blankets canvas. — the latter a portion of the woollen fabrics con- ^^*"^®*^ tributed by De Keyser, of Brussels, and chiefly displayed in Court 1. As we re-enter that court, we may notice a curious apparatus for watering all descriptions of grain. Grain extensively used in Europe. Just within it is a collection of volumes, printed and illustrated in Printed Brussels, and exhibiting both typographic and artis- ^^ ^' tic excellence. Some fine cloths, manufactured by Simonis, at Fine cloths. Yerviers, may be noticed here ; and a little further 66 A DAY IN THE Lace fabrics. Costly handkerchief. Corsets. Linen threads. Black marble. Musical table. Mirror frame in bronze. Stocking machine. ZOLLVEREIN. Court 2. Bronzes. Bust of Victoria. Saxony cloths, on, occur the lace fabrics of Brussels, renowned all over the world for beauty. Those of Sophie Du- FRENNE are particularly beautiful, including a hand- kerchief valued at $500. The ladies may notice as attentively as they please, the "nymph corsets" of Mme. Burger. Jelie, of Alost, exhibits fine linen threads. A slab of polished black marble, curiously engraved, by leaving the design in relief, is a good example of stone-cutting. A principal object of interest in this department is the musical table of Lacroix, from Yerviers. The mechanism is hidden beneath the marble slab, and is wound up like an ordinary musical box. Hanging at the entrance of Court V, and well seen from the piano-table, is an elaborate mirror frame, cast in bronze, Belonorino; to Belgium, but exhibited near the Machine Arcade, where we shall by and by encounter it, is a stocking knitting machine, invented by Jacquix, of Brussels. Our view of Belgium thus completed, we pass under the flag of the Zollverein, and, entering Court 2, the woollen fabrics of Germany are spread out before us. Before inspecting them, we may observe some pleasing examples of bronze castings, from Geiss, of Berlin. They are two small works — the one a boy, and the other a girl, playing with a dog. Another bronze statuette represents a girl with a parrot, by Yollgold, of Breslau. Just above this work is a marble bust of Queen Yictoria, by Carl Baratta ; while, on the table below it, are samples of hunting percussion-caps from Wurtemburg. With these exceptions, the entire court is occupied by Prussian and Saxony cloths in great variety, and from such a number of exhibitors, that to name them would make our summary a catalogue. This is ren- dered needless by the showy display of the manufac- turer's name and address upon each different contri- NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 67 bution, A few moments will suffice for the visitor, Zoiiverein . ,- . _ , -11 . manufactures. not specially mterested m satm cloths, cassimeres, drap d'ete, and merinoes, to survey the court. Pass- ing around into Court 3, some guns, and an exten- Courts, sive display of percussion caps arrest the eye. Above these is Baratta's marble bust of an Amazon. Amazon. The visitor may here, if so inclined, notice more closely the beautiful groups and pedestals of Berlin Berlin iron, mentioned in our view of the south nave. The '^^'^■^'^^^"g^- delicacy and beauty of the Berlin iron castings, are attributed to the presence of phosphorus in the bog ore from which the iron is obtained. All efforts to produce equal works with other iron, have proved vain. Court 3 contains velvets, silks, and fine worsted Textile goods, fabrics, which, however, afford us little scope for description. There are upwards of one hundred ex- hibitors, from the German States, in the five classes which comprehend textile fabrics — cotton, wool, silk, flax, and mixed goods. There are two examples in this court of pictures woven in silk. One represents pictures a tablet, on which is inscribed the last will of King ZiZ^^ ^^ Frederick III., and the other is the Grotto of Nep- tune — both curious and ingenious works. Perhaps the most extensive display of silks, velvets, and siiks, stamped ribbons, is that of Menghius & Brother, *^^ ' of Aix-la-Chapelle. We enter Court 4 among the fine castings of Courts Geiss, of which we find two examples not included with those of the nave. They are on the middle line of the court — a copy of the Warwick Yase, and Bronze vase. a fine statue representing "Adoration," from the "Adoration." antique. At the entrance of the court is a tableau of swords and side-arms ; and here, also, to make side-arms. good the precedent of the previous courts, is a col- lection of guns ; so that the German Courts may be said to be 'under arms.' The north side of this 'Underarms. 68 A DAY IN THE Court 4. Bust of our Saviour. Bronze font. Swords and daggers. Electro- copper-plate. Court 5. jETarcZ- ware. Seed drill. Conncll-house in Pose.n. Lithographic stones. Court 11. Nuremberg artisans. court is brilliant with furniture-velvets and damasks, which need no particular description. Near the end of the court is a colossal head of our Saviour, in marble, by Steinhauser. It expresses dignity and grace in a high degree. Beyond it is a font, in bronze, profusely embellished with gothic tracery. Upon the rim are inscriptions in German, which, converted into English, are, ^^ Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not;^^ ^^He, then, that believes, and is baptized, shall be saved^ The opposite side of the court displays a large case of richly damascined swords and daggers from Solingen, in Prussia ; a great variety of canes, with various mountings, from Hamburg ; another collec- tion from Berlin ; violoncellos, manufactured by Glier, and a double bass, by Klemm. By stooping a little, the curious visitor may exam- ine a large electro-copper-plate engraving, probably produced, by electric deposit, from an impression of an engraved plate — a process of modern invention, which promises to bring the finest copper-plate en- gravings within the reach of all. Court 5 contains but few objects, and these of slight interest. Some specimens of "hard-ware" well deserve the name. Here is a seed-sowing ma- chine, which will find but small favour with our farmers, we fear, accustomed as they are to the ingenious and almost intelligent agricultural ma- chines of the Western World -! A model, in zinc, of the council-house in Posen, displays no very imposing architectural effect. Some very large litho- graphic stones are the only other objects in Court 5. Court 11, lying immediately west of Court 5, brings us into the region of the Nuremberg artisans, and we find an almost heterogeneous collection of articles, though the greater part of them are inclu- ded in Classes xxi. and xxii. of the Catalogue. In NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 69 the centre of the court is a large and massive octa- gonal show-case of iron and fflass, the top ornamented, Ornamental With various figures, m papier mache, bronzed to resemble the iron of the case. These represent the . apostles. Within the case are displayed multitudi- nous objects, made by the Nuremberg Association of artisans. There are fine ivory carvinors, silver-plated "Varied '' ° ' ^ . contents. ware, compasses, morocco cases, meerschaum pipes, brass ware, port-monnaies, toilet cases, surgical in- struments and cutlery. The variety and excellence of German hardware German hardware and edge-tools are well illustrated in this and the and cutlery. adjoining courts. Boker, of Rhenish Prussia, and Blegkman, of Ronsdorf, exhibit nearly every con- ceivable variety of tools, of high finish. The brass Brass ware, curtain cornices and ornaments displayed by Keut- GENs are beautiful in design. Besides these objects are japanned ware by Rau & Co.; fine galvan- Japanned ized steel wire and needles ; and a collection of Galvanized scales, of various sizes, in brass, by Wehefritz. ^^^^* Needles, and a machine for drilling needle-eyes, are Needles. exhibited by Beissel's widow, of Aix-la-Chapelle. Here, also, is an ingenious machine for casting type. Type-casting _ (^ machine. from Saxony. Entering Court 10, to the northward, we pass Court lo. ^between further examples of hardware and cutlery; and within the court is still another fine display of knives and edge-tools from the Hague. The principal Knives and contents of this court, however, are musical instru- ments. The cornets, valve-trumpets, and bass-horns Musical of Klemm are notable. In another corner are instru- ments from Pfaff and others, with a back drapery of brilliant furniture-damasks, made by Lohse, of Damasks. Saxony. In the opposite corner are numerous other musical instruments, with a back-ground of velvets Velvets. and shawls from Berlin. There is a small organ, of Organ. novel construction, from Wurtemberg. In the centre 70 A DAY IN THE Bronze Hebe. Ivory carving, Court 9. Velvets. "Woollens. Court 8. Cloths. Drugs and edibles. Cbicory. Pine wool. Pine oil. •■ Moth-proof' Miattresses. Bad-isb hops. Bone oils. SnnflP ana tobacco. Snuffs and snuffers. Linen goods. Seamless hose. of the court is a cast, in bronze, by Geiss, of Cano- va's Hebe. An exquisite piece of alto-relievo carv- ing, in ivory, hangs upon the south side of the organ. Passing through Court 9, on the right-hand side, we notice velvet, half-velvet, and other furniture stuffs, with a variety of woollen dress fabrics, occu- pying the entire range. In Court 8, continuing up the right side, we find cloths on the walls, and on the counters, objects of a very different class. Here are drugs, raw materials, and edibles, in curious juxtaposition. Specimens of chicory — a poor sub- stitute for coffee — are in contact with " pine needle wool," a curious product of the needles or leaves of the pine-tree. Here is also the oil of the " wald- woll," as this material is called, said to possess medical virtues ; and in the centre of the court, are mattresses made of this singular wool, which are " moth proof." Yarious specimens of hops are labelled " Badish," a term which probably indicates their origin, rather than the quality ! Displayed in the same group, are refined oils obtained from bones, and capable of resisting intense degrees of cold. Here also are watchmakers' oil and wheat-starch. Still onward, and we find, before a back ground of gay furniture chintz, a variety of snuffs and tobacco, hops, chicory, and alimentary preserves. Crossing the court, the opposite corner contains only tobacco and snuff from two manufactories. Boxes of rappee, and a dozen other varieties, stand invitingly open, and all who will, may take " a pinch." Sneezing is remarkably frequent in this vicinity. The centre of this court contains a variety of linen goods. There are sail-cloths, hempen hose, made without seam, and fire-buckets of stout hemp canvass, which are a novelty. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 71 In the south-west corner, are specimens of wool Woois and and woollen yarns. Indigo, archil and cudbear, for ^^'^^^ ^' dyeing tliem, are also exhibited here. The west side of Court 9, is occupied entirely by textile fabrics from several exhibitors, of which no Textile particular description is necessary. The plain and * ^'^' fancy woollen cloakings, merinos, and Orleans flannel of the Zollverein, as also the silks, velvets, and half- velvets, make a brilliant display, and will maintain the high repute of these fabrics. The visitor will now pass into Court 10, and enter from it into Court 16, lying just west of it. The way leads us between a collection of attractive paintings on the left hand, and a variety of embroi- dered pictures upon the right hand. The former are specimens of painting on papier mache, and are copies Paintings on from famous pictures. Among them is Wilkie's p^p^"' "^^ch^. Blind Fiddler. More of these paintings will be Blind Fiddler found within the court. The embroideries are of a novel character, being imitations of engravings Novel and water-colour drawings in silk and hair. In a embroideries. portrait of Henry Clay, for example, and in another of Jenny Lind, the hair of each party is employed in the embroidery, ^hese ingenious works are by HiTEEL of Saxony. Court 16, contains some showy furniture, up- Court 16. holstered with the flowered velvet so extensively Furniture. manufactured in the Zollverein States. Here are gilt mouldings, mirrors, and picture frames. On the ^l^H^ ^^ opposite side are wall papers in great variety, and waii papers, beneath them a pianoforte, a seraphine, and two Pianoforte, handsome cabinets. In the centre of the court is a cabinets, lady's writing and work table, elaborately carved in ebony, and decorated with changeable views on Ebony table, the Rhine. Some beautiful work-stands are here Work-stands. exhibited. Two fine mirrors are displayed in another corner Mirrors. 72 A DAY IN THE Casts in Berlin iron. Bas-relief. Drugs from Dresden. Nickel. Platform scales. German wools. Great produce. German colours. Ultramarines, bow made. of the court, and beneath them are rosewood cel- larets and boxes in variety, together with busts, statues, and vases of iron from the Royal Foundry at Berlin. Noticing a bold bas-relief in marble, we pass on, and turning a little to the left, find ourselves in the midst of drugs and chemicals, a vast display of which is here made by Gehe & Co. of Dresden. The ex- tent of this collection may be estimated from the size of its catalogue, which embraces forty printed pages. In front of it are specimens of nickel, in powders and in cubes, and a variety of choice essen- tial oils. Some German platform scales may be seen close by, bearing but small resemblance to those used in this country. We have now reached a collection of German wools, the best portion of which is upon the south side of the large frame upon which they are ex- hibited. Passing around, beneath the window, the samples of various contributors may be examined. It may be noticed that the producers are nearly all Counts. The wool crop of Germany is immense. Besides the large amount employed in the manufac- tories of the country, vast quantities of the staple are annually exported. Passing along the south side of Gehe's display of drugs, we arrive among the colours, for which the German manufacturers are famous. Here are ultra- marines in great variety, and indeed almost every description of mineral colours. Details are impossi- ble, and the visitor will not require them. Fine ultramarine is made from lazulite, {lapis lazuli,) by a slow and tedious process. There is, however, a spurious or artificial article, made by heating to red- ness, a mixture of china-clay, sulphur, and carbonate of soda. Yenice once monopolized the manufacture of ultramarine : but it is now far more extensively NEW YOBK CRYSTAL PALACE. 73 made in Germany, France, and other countries. The smalts of the Electoral Hesse Works are to Smaita. be found in the collection. Smalt is pulverized glass coloured with cobalt, and is used in bluing pajDer. The visitor will find the colours and chemicals of Germany suddenly give place to those of France, Fbance. which, however, are far legs numerous and attractive. A few examples, embracing ultramarines, madders, ^jjl^JJ^^ig pectoral syrups, pills of the iodide of iron, &c., hav- ing been passed, we enter a court, chiefly occupied by the chocolates, alimentary preserves, and coufec- ciiocoiatea tions, for which the French are celebrated. The confections, visitor will inspect with curiosity, specimens of desiccated vegetables, that is, vegetables from which Desiccated . n T 1 • n ^1 T vegetables. the moisture is expelled, leaving all the pecunar pro- > perties and flavour, so that green peas and fresh mint can be had as well in December as in June, and that without the aid of a green-house. Here, too, are all manner of meat sand fruits, the Preserved 11- •If 1 • T • fruits. latter looking temptingly irom their glass prison- house, put up with all the care and taste of the RoDELS and Apperts and Fitoxs of Paris. One corner of this court contains some curious specimens of food prepared from the blood of animals, by the agency of a fluid called Brocchieri water, after its fj^*'^^®'^ inventor. Furs, and silk-worm eggs, and cocoons, siik-worma, are also to be met with here. Wool of excellent French wools, quality may be found upon a table in the centre of the court, while, close at hand, is a display of fine qualities of drawing, and letter, and other varieties Papers, of paper. Passing out of this court, close by Menier's dis- play of fancy chocolates, we enter Court 26. Our Court 26. course will now be along the line of the windows — beneath which is an extensive display of ornamental castings in zinc. Let us first turn a little to examine zinc castings, the beautiful specimens of printing in gold/colours, Gold printing. 4 74 A DAY IN THE German tapestries. Imitation bronzes of the Societio de la Vieiile Moutagne. Bath-tnb, Ac. Belgium zlno mines. Iron-wire furniture. Leather. Bottles, &0. Court 2a Hunter and bear in plaster. Novel machines. exhibited by Ernest Meyer. Near to these is a display of furniture tapestries, which, together with others, hanging high in the court we have just left, are from Mourieau of Paris. Before us, there now stretches a long line of imitation bronzes. They are the zinc castings already alluded to, and display a very great variety. Over our heads hang chandehers and ornamental baskets, while figures, busts, vases, candlesticks, and household wares line the tables. Presently we find larger ex- amples — a bath-tub, vases on pedestals, and statues. They are exhibited by the Yieille Montagne Zinc Company, which presents also, samples of white zinc paints, and sheet zinc, for roofing and sheathing. The operations of this Company are exceedingly varied and extensive, as may be judged from the space it fills in the Exhibition. The zinc mines are in Belgium. Immediately beyond this collection, is an assortment of iron-wire furniture for gardens, arbours, halls, &c. It is both light and elegant, and embraces seats, jardinieres, baskets, and many other articles. They are exhibited by Tronchon of Paris. Behind them are displayed some very fine specimens of leather. A variety of hardware, and specimens of glass bottles and demijohns, may be inspected in an oppo- site corner, before we enter Court 28. The variety here is not extensive. A prominent object is a group in brown plaster, representing a hunter and a bear in the death struggle. The work is bold and effective. The body of the hunter is relaxed in the terrible clasp of the bear, which, in turn, is writhing in the death agonies, with the knife of the hunter still buried in its throat. The work was modelled by Fre- MIET. Here are some novel machines for bleaching linen, cleaning knifes, and other household processes ; basket NEW YORK CRYSTAL P A 1>A C E . 75 ware ; huge mill-stones ; ropes for rigging and for MiU-stones. mining. Mining rope. Let us pass now through Court 27 into the east Court 27. nave, observing, as we proceed, a plaster model of a Bengal tiger by Jacquemard. Bengal tiger. At the entrance into Court 23 we may observe a court 23. variety of bronze statuettes, chiefly of French celeb- Fine .,•,/» • z. • T 1 i> bronzes. rities ; two norures m bisque ; and a laro-e vase of ^ ' . A Large vase. decorated porcelain. A show-case, projecting from this court upon the nave, contains a fine collection of the brilliant velvets for which, in common with Lyons its silks, Lyons is so famous. They are displayed by the Association of Velvet Workers, and in richness of colours and quality are not surpassed by any in the Palace. Beyond this case, and upon the central Court 23. line of the court, are linen cambrics and lawns of Linen and TT 1 n o T n lawns. great beauty. Hana-spun liax, of exceedmg fine- ^and-s un ness ; handkerchiefs, embroidered, and with richly flax, printed borders — and some examples of pictures Printed ^ , ^ ^ cambrics. printed upon cambrics, are here displayed. Passing down the court, upon the right hand we notice deli- cate and various coloured crape along the wall, and Crapes. upon the table, rich silks from Avignon. Some fine ^]kf°*"^ silk bolting-cloths may be seen here, and following Bolting them, cashmere vestings and black silk plushes. Before leaving the court, another case of rich Rich velvets, velvets may be noticed on the middle line, and then we enter Court 24. Red and figured cotton fabrics Court 24. first present themselves, overhung by crochet tissues Crochet tissues and woollen blankets. An embroidered silk quilt snkquiit. may be inspected here, if the visitor will lift the screen which enviously conceals it. A central case contains the tarlatan fabrics of Tarlatans. DoxAVE-RoNAT — dcUcate and gossamer-like tissues — some of them printed with gold and some with silver ornaments, while some are inwoven with gold thread. 76 A DAT IN THE "Water-proof fabrics. Painted white crape dress. Court 25. Glove machine. Iron and zinc wares. Clay pipes. Distilling apparatus of great value. Platinum. Palladium. Iridium. Fusil of platinum. Metallic gauzes. Butter churns. Emery rolls. Lithographic rollers. Carp«t. Baudouin, Brothers exhibit silks rendered imper- vious to water, and water-proof cloths and leathers; and upon the wall space above, is displayed a robe of white crape, painted, as the card informs us, " a la Australienne " — a mode of which we have no definite knowledge. At the entrance of Court 25 is an odd-looking machine, which, in its better days, was employed to cut out the dainty kid gloves which look so fascina- ting upon fair hands. AVithin the court are kitchen and household uten- sils, in zinc and iron, and of great variety; and high above them a tableau of odd-looking pipes and pipe bowls, in white and coloured clays. The large distilling apparatus, enclosed in a glass case in the centre of the court, which most visitors might mistake for tin, is made of pure platinum, and is worth twelve thousand dollars. It is designed for the distillation of sulphuric acid, and is the most complete and costly apparatus for the purpose in the world. It is exhibited by Desmoutis & Co., who display also crucibles, dishes, and capsules, in platinum, with specimens of palladium and iridium points for gold pens. In the same case is a fine double-barrelled fusil, in platinum, made by Houillier-Blanchard. Metallic gauzes, in great variety, for straining the pulp of paper, together with masks, safety- lamps, and other articles, are exhibited by Roswag. The mechanical churns of Lavoisey will interest the housewife by their simplicity of construction. Those huge black rolls, close by them, are cylinders for grinding emery, so extensively employed in polish- ing needles, &c. — while those smaller buflf-coloured rolls are used by lithographic printers for distribu- ting the ink upon their forms, or engraved stones. The huge carpet which overhangs this court, is one NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 77 of many examples, from France, of the skill of the French weavers. Crystal door-knobs and ornaments Crystal are exhibited by Berger- Walter, and other speci- mens of glass ware may here be seen, including sam- Blown pies of blown window-glass. Coulaux & Co., of c„tie^and Molsheim, make a varied display of cutlery and i>ardware. hardware. Here is a model of a steamboat, with ^*sTe^boat side-wheels arranged to work laterally in the water, on the principle of the oar. Having completed the circuit of Court 25, we shall now return, in the direction of the nave, through Courts 24 and 23. In the first, we find, on Court 24. the right hand, woollens, linens, and hroche tissues ; Textile while, in the centre, are the silks and satins of Gin- DRE & Co. In Court 23, we find various styles of velvet and Court 28. velvet trimmings from St. Etienne, above which is a Louis portrait of Louis Napoleon embroidered on satin. on'^sati^n." The fancy silks and sating of Donat & Co. now Donat's silks, occupy the table to the nave. More linen cambrics Linens, &c. and lawns, and silks — ^both in the raw and manufac- tured states — may be found displayed on the middle line of the court. As we turn in the nave to enter Court 18, we Court is. may linger a few moments to notice numerous small Animals in plaster figures of animals, modelled by Fremiet. Here are bronzes, and the companion vase of the Bronzet. one we noticed at the entrance of Court 23. Conspicuous here is the case in which Stewart & Co. exhibit variable specimens of their importations of the most superb French silks, satins, embroidered Eich dress dresses, and mantillas. The right-hand side of the court is occupied by Wattine-Prouvost and Rouque — the former with rich satin cloths, of various colours, ■^'°® ''^***^'' and the latter with brilliant cashmeres. Coach laces '^ ^™^'''^- and curiously dyed wools are displayed on the middle Dyed wools. line. 78 A DAY IN THE Court 19. Ball dresses. Court IT. Bronzes and tapestries. Turning point. Patent type. Photography. Bon-bon boxes. Typography. Lithography, Fancy labels. Paper of wood. Illuminated volume. An elegant work. Fancy boxes and papers. Courtis. Chateaubriand In Court 19, we find, first, Cashmere shawls, and a case of elegant ball dresses. lu the centre, is a magnificent display of dress silks by Maupin & Co., of Lyons. These silks are very deservedly the objects of general admiration, for their richness of colour, and for the artistic beauty of design which characterizes them. Progressing into Court It, we find ourselves sur- rounded by large bronzes and hangings of tapestry. The west side is entirely occupied with these objects, many of which are beautiful examples of orna- mental art. They are contributed by Aubanel, of Paris. Beyond this court lies the territory of the Zollve- rein, which we have already traversed. Here, there- fore, we commence our return once more to the nave, Hngering a moment to inspect, upon our right hand, the printing types of Gauthier, patented in France for improved bearing. - We may justly admire here the photographic prints of Blanquart, — beneath which is a display of paper boxes for confectionaries, wedding-cake, &c., exhibited by Cerf & Naxara. A long table across this court is covered with spe- cimens of printing and lithography, which exhibit the admirable state of both arts in France. Barbat's ornamental labels are very beautiful, and his specimens of printing, upon tliin sheets of wood, are curious. A volume of the Gospels, printed with illuminations, will repay close inspection ; and the five folio volumes on "L'Ancienne Auvergne et Le Yelay,^' should not be passed without notice. The north-east corner of the court affords examples of fancy stationery, more fancy boxes, in paper, and a tableau of gold papers and borders. Entering Court 18, the visitor may stop to examine a curious picture, wrought with the hair of Chateau- briand, and representing the room where he was born. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 79 Within the court, we find lace mantillas, cashmere Laces, &c shawls, gloves, muslins, and de laines. Court 1*1, aiafords us various examples of the fine court it. cloths for which France is reputed famous, but they Fine cloths, are too much alike to justify detailed observation. We have now completed our notjce of the textile Change of fabrics of " la belle France," and have before us a brilliant display of those artistic works in which she has never been surpassed and seldom equalled. Courts 12, 13, 14 and 15, are thrown into one AgrandhaiL grand saloon, and no part of the Palace presents so brilliant an aspect as this. Magnificence reigns throughout. We enter it from the nave and direct our attention exclusively to objects on the right- hand line. The. elegant and artistic bronzes, com- Fine bronzes, prising statuettes, vases, candelabras, and richly mounted clocks, from Duplan & Salles, first meet the eye, which finds much to admire. Time presses us, however, and we pass on to the varied and al- most bewildering display made by Lahoche, which Lahochk. might well tempt us to believe that we were in the gay city of Paris itself. Here are such multitudes of objects, beautiful, costly, and curious, that we could not inspect them separately in hours. Clocks in clocks. bronze and ci^stal mountings, candelabra of ex- Candelabra, quisite patterns, porcelain services, genuine Sevres, Porcelain, and others of scarcely inferior, beauty, delicately cut glass, Bohemian glass epergnes and vases, and a fine Cut glass- copy of Kaphael's Holy Family on porcelain, are a Raphael's few of the attractions in the collection. Casting the eye upwards, we observe a variety of beautiful table- Tabic-covers. covers, by Fanfernot & Dulac. Beyond, we find ej^^j^^'s pianofortes from the famous manufactory of Erard, pianos. and passing a marble bust of the French Emperor, NaporeoJf "" we come to a group of objects, embracing curious clocks, mechanical birds, a pair of superbly mounted Singing-birds. pistols, a marble bust of Cerito, a mosaic table. Cerito. 80 A DAT lis THE Pianofortes. Furniture. Circular divan. Wall papers. Large mirror. Rich bronzes anil ornaments. Carved buffet. Mechanical pianofortes. Lr.EOLLBS' bronzes. Decorative wall papers. Brilliant oourt. Beyond these are the pianos of Detir & Co., and rich cabinet furniture from Balmy. The chief ob- ject is a circular divan in French walnut, for the centre of a large drawing-room, constructed in the most tasteful style and of elegant materials. The elegant pajjer decorations of Desfosse adorn the upper part of the court. The end is ornamented with a splendid mirror, beneath which we turn to inspect the other side of the court. Here every- thing is in keeping with the objects we have examined ; massive, and yet graceful bronzes, rich carpets and tapestries, cabinets and tables, in ebony and gold, superb brocaded chairs, clocks and can- delabras, from the display of Ringuet, Leprince & Co. of Paris. We must not overlook a splendidly carved side-board, made by a branch of the house in ISTew York. Beyond these elegant objects, we find the pianofortes of De Bain, one of wliich is a prin- cipal object of attraction in this saloon. It is the piano-wechanique, or antiphonel pianoforte, an instru- ment which is played with a crank, after the manner of a hand-organ. It is an exceedingly ingenious, yet simple piece of mechanism, and the sound of its clear, brilliant tones, is the signal for an immediate gathering in the vicinity. The remainder of this section is occupied by Le- ROLLES, Brothers, with an extensive collection of artistic bronzes — embracing all objects produced in bronze — from their own original designs. An enu- meration would be tedious and unimportant, but the visitor may well devote considerable time to the ex- amination of the objects. ZuBER & Co., of Rixheim, occupy the high wall- space of Courts 12 and 13, with some magnificent tableaux of decorative paper. One court of the French division remains to be visited. It is the court of the French Imperial NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 81 | I manufactures — the Gobelins and Beauvais tapestries imperial j and the Sevres porcelain. We have but to turn on amfporceiain. j emerging from Court 12, to enter this brilliant ! chamber. There are five pieces of Gobelins* and Gobelins. j seven of the Beauvais hung upon the walls, while j beneath them are arranged the rich and costly porce- i lain of Sevres. The products of the Gobelin looms j are of wonderful and unrivalled beauty. It is now nearly two hundred years since their manufacture was commenced, under the direction of Louis XIY., Origin. and from that time to this they have been made chiefly for royal gifts. Their name is said to be de- j rived from a famous dyer in Paris. It is the labour ■ of many mouths — sometimes of years — to produce : one of these works. Of those on exhibition, the one entitled *' The Chase, and Dead Nature," is for sale, at 12,000 francs. The work, entitled " Autumn," Prices. is valued at something more than 6000 francs. These, however, ^are but small examples of the size and value of the Gobelin tapestries. The Beau- j vais manufactory in Picardy, produces many beauti- Beattvais. 1 ful works, but they are far less esteemed than those ■ of the Gobelin. • The imperial manufactory of porcelain is situated 1 at Sevres, midway between Paris and Yersailles. Sbvbks. j Its productions are of great beauty and of high ^ j price. ^ The great vase in the centre of the court is valued i at 15,000 francs, and the pair of vases — one on each ^^^^'^y "^^s**- side of the entrance — are valued at 14,000 francs. * Two of these will be sent back to Paris on the 1st of November. 4>K 82 ADATINTHE DIVISION D. HALY, AUSTRIA, HOLLAND, HAYTI, CUBA, BRITISH PROVINCES, DENMARK, AND THE UNITED STATES. Transition. The transition from France to Italy, in our mode of progress, is an easy one. We have but to cross the west side of the Palace and enter Court 6 of Flag of itaij'. Division D, over which the flag of the Italian States is displayed. The first object which meets one's eye witliin this court is a very pleasing work in marble, Son of Tell, representing the son of the Swiss patriot, Tell, at the moment that the arrow has been shot, and transfixed by the well-directed arrow to a neigh- bouring tree. It is the work of Romanelli, of Marble table Florence. To the left of this is a table of statuary and pillar. ii^Qi-j^ie, a rustic or garden chair, and a beautiful column of variegated stone, with an elaborate Co- rinthian capital of white marble. Id the centre of the court are various small works Mosaic wood, in marble, and a few examples of mosaic work in wood. Upon the side tables are exhibited embroi- Bas-reliefs. dcrics and laces, beneath a row of bas-reliefs in mar- ble and in plaster. The former are two works by the Danish sculptor, Prof. Jerichau, now residing at Rome. The visitor's attention will here be attracted by a Silver filagree, piecc of silvcr filagree work, representing Columbus, a beautiful work by Bennati, of Geneva, upon either Gilded vases, side of which is a vase of carved wood, richly over- laid with gold. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 83 Just outside of this court the visitor may Inspect, now, the Italian furniture, which is somewhat disad- Italian furniture. vantageously crowded together. It exhibits a great degree of elegance — bemg made of beautiful woods and frequently elaborately gilded. There is a mas- sive ornamental bedstead of gilded mahogany — a Gilt bedstead, very beautiful etagee in rosewood, and an arm-chair Etag^,e. in the Greek style. Several elaborately carved mirror frames, and a great variety of beautiful chairs, known as Chiavari, from the place where chiavari they are chiefly manufactured, in Sardinia, and nu- *^^^*^"- merous other articles, would, if judiciously displayed, make no inconsiderable feature in the Italian exhibi- tion. Returning from this detour, and re-entering Court court i. 1, upon the west side, we find specimens of silks and siiksand velvets, and various small works in marble. The '^®^^®*^' most attractive object here, is an antique cabinet of polished ebony, displaying the arms of the Medici Medici family, and beautifully embellished with seventeen panels, inlaid in Florentine mosaic, by Bosi. Nu- merous beautiful examples of this exquisite art will be found in the next court. Mosaic inlaying is car- stone mosaic, ried to a high degree of excellence in the Italian States, and particularly in Tuscany. It consists of cementing into a ground of marble, pieces of col- oured stones and glass, to resemble paintings. In Court 12, which we enter from the nave, there Court 12. are nearly a score of table tops in mosaic marble, TaW© tops, displayed along the right-hand side. They exhibit exquisite art in the arrangement of the mosaics. Specimens of the coloured stones, with which the Coloured ^ ' 8tone3. designs are produced, are exhibited, near the slabs. Thin slabs of these stones are sawed off, and pieces of suitable size and shape produced for the process of inlaying, to which allusion has been made. The oblong table top, near the centre of the collection, is, 84 A DAT IN THB Mosaics. SUks. Bust of The Betrothed. Cast in bronze. New process. Tables in mosaic woods. Marble salver from Cellini. Bust of Pig Nono. Silk-velveta. perhaps, the finest example of all. It is the work of Betti of Florence. There are also two or three by Bosi, already named m connection with the an- tique cabinet. The wall-space above these mosaics is richly draped with figured silks from Turin and Genoa. The objects in the centre of this court are worthy of particular notice. To step back a little and look at the exquisite work in marble, which the sculptor calls " The Betrothed," will certainly repay us. This is from the same hand that wrought the statue of Wm. TelFs Son. An extraordinary cast in bronze next claims our notice. It is included in Class xxiii. of the Cata- logue, though it might well have been ranked as a work of art. It is a cast of a shrub — the crassula portulacoides — taken in one mould, direct from the object, by an entirely new and exceedingly ingenious method. The cast is exhibited just as it came from the mould ; not a file has touched it. It is the work of Clemente Papi, of Florence. The tables of mosaic-woods now elicit our earnest admiration. We may well doubt, at first, what we are told con- cerning them — that those admirable and brilliant pictures of battles, landscapes, and flowers, are not painted, but produced by inlaying different coloured woods. This is, however, the exact truth, and the patience of the workman seems almost as surprising as his skill. In the centre of the court is a marble salver upon a pedestal. The dish is a copy of the famous work in silver, of Benvenuto Cellini, and the design is admirably executed. Besides some statuettes, there is a marble bust of Fig Nono, said to be a good likeness. Passing around this we find upon the west side of the court, and hung upon the wall, a rich display of silk-velvets, from Genoa. Some of these are remarkably beau- tiful, resembling velvet ribbons, alternated with rich NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 85 stripes of lace. The tables aJfford us specimens of fine jewellery, and a variety of beautiful ornaments Jewellery, in coral. A parure of pearls and brilliants will at- Corals. tract especial notice. It is from Bussi & Co., of Turin. A little further on, is a case of brooches, bracelets, and other ornaments, in Florentine mosaic. Mosaic 1 -n ' -I-. T-r ornaments. by JiiXRico Bosi. Here we may turn to the centre, and notice a boar's head cast in bronze, also by Boar's head Papi — a work not less remarkable than the plant. ^^ Every hair of the savage beast seems to have the vitality of life within it. Cupid clipping his own a Cupid. wings, is the subject of a graceful statuette near by. Before leaving the court, we may be gratified by in- specting a variety of cameos cut on shells, by Cameos. Casali, of Rome, which we find among a group of small works in marble, just at the entrance of the court. The black eagle of Austria hovers over us as we Atjstsia. enter the next court on the line of the nave — Court Court is. 18. A statue called " The Deserted," is not a very TheDeserted, prepossessing guardian angel to the territory beyond. All around, however, is bright and sparkling. We are in the region of glass ; the produce of Bohemia Eegion of glitters upon the tables in a thousand fanciful shapes. ^ ^^" The wall-space of the entire court is draped with cashmere and barege shawls, numerously contributed Shawis. from Yienna. The side and centre tables, on the right hand, are covered with every description of fancy glass ware. At the entrance of the court is a Fancy glass. splendid epergne and fountain of rock crystal, valued Centre piec©. at the remarkable sum of $6,000. A case of Bohe- mian garnets is followed by a large display of artifi- Garnets, cial stones of every conceivable description. A mammoth prism affords a beautiful specimen of Huge prism, glass casting and polishing. Then, glass beads, buttons, brooches, hair ornaments, lustres and pen- buttons. dents are profusely displayed. The court contains 86 A DAY IN THE Bust of " Prayer." Court 19. Veiled bead. Tricks of art. Swords and scythes. Guns and pistols. Marble vases and table. Fossilized ammonites. Iron lamp- post. a very beautiful work in marble by Galli, of Milan. It is a female head representing '' Prayer." It is marked by great purity of expression. The entrance into Court 19, leads us by a work in marble on our right, which we shall hardly pass without remark. It is one of several examples of what are called veiled statues. This is a head of a female, and, at first sight, we might suppose that it is actually draped with lace or crape ; but a moment's inspec- tion shows us that it is an effect produced in the marble, and that the apparent folds of the lace are ridges raised by the chisel of the sculptor. These works — pleasing as they certainly, are — are rather tricks of art than exemplifications of its higher attri- butes. In Court 19 we find the scene entirely changed. Upon our right hand glitter the sword and the scythe, as if the spirit of war and the spirit of peace had met in council. Here are guns and pistols of very beautiful workmanship, and a fine display of patent percussion caps. The Austrian scythe ap- pears rude in comparison with the polished blades which lay low the ripe grain of our western fields. It is, however, of good material, and is extensively used in Europe. Our attention will be arrested by a row of pedes- tals crowned with vases, and by a toilet table in curiously variegated marble ; which, together with table tops, vases, and a large collection of specimens of polished marble, and polished antediluvian ammo- nites of extraordinary beauty, (to be found as we pass up the other side of the court,) constitute a remarkable contribution from J. Ramsauer, of Up- per Austria. A tall and highly-ornamented lamp-post of cast iron, stands in the centre of this court. It is from the foundry of Prince von Salm. and is intended for NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 87 the street, or a public park. We are now in the rear of the court occupied by Thorwalclsen's group, Austrian art and beneath the wall which encloses it, are arranged a number of works belonging to Class xxxi. in the Austrian Department of the Catalogue. We may inspect these works advantageously at this stage of our progress. At the extreme right of the line is a bust in marble, representing " Religious Medita- Works la tion," followed by a variety of works of varying interest. The ''First Steps," by Magni, will de- "First steps." tain most visitors, for a moment at least, by its pleasing design ; and they will not fail to observe the basket of flowers ingeniously carved out of a MarWe ^^ flow GTS block of marble by Galli, who has also a bas-relief of flowers near at hand. " Hebe offering nectar to the Eagle," is a work of merit by Professor Kachsz- g^^ ^^ MAN, of Vienna, and not far beyond it, is a cage of Cupids by Motelli, one of those works which Cage of exhibit the ingenuity, rather than the genius, of the sculptor. The little fellows are thickly clustered, but betray no great uneasiness at their confinement. The artist evidently thinks that Cupid needs to be kept in a cage. A head of our Saviour, in marble, is one of numer- ous examples in the Exhibition of the fondness of Eeiigious the Italian sculptors for religious subjects, and indi- Italian artists cate, perhaps, the dominant influence of the ecclesias- tical arm. Cupids in nests and in baskets, as well oupids as in cages and upon mantel-pieces, abound in the *^*^^^^^°s- Austrian department. There is very little proba- bility, certainly, that the race will become extinct ! The wall beneath which we are passing is hung Austrian with various pictures from Austrian artists, among which are two by WALDiriiLLER, both charming ex- "Blowing amples of his style. They are called "Blowing ^ ^^' Bubbles," and " Breaking up of School," the latter a "Breaking ' Q f ' up of School" much-admired picture, and the former of scarcely less 88 A DAY IN THE Few pictures. Medals. Bronze Venus. Terra cotta. Buhl furniture. Cabinet. Plastic map of Switzerland. Salt mine. Terra cotta. Stone tables and ehairs. Leda and Swan. Btatuettesu excellence. The Austrian painters have not contri- buted extensively to the Exhibition, only four works appearing in the Picture Gallery, where it is some- what surprising that these works of Waldmiiller, and one or two others to be found near them, are not included. A collection of medals, produced by a new method, hangs between the pictures we have named. The bronze statue of Yenus stepping into the bath, is a good example of modelling and casting. A variety of objects in terra cotta, a veiled head and a few other works in marble, bring us to tlie end of the Austrian division, and we turn, to examine those which are displayed upon the opposite line. A col- lection of figures and statuettes in terra cotta afford some good examples of modelling. The beautiful buhl furniture in rosewood, for which Austria is famous, is exhibited in various specimens distributed through the division. A highly polished cabinet, or book-case, is, perhaps, the finest example. An ele- gant table in front of it is partly concealed by an interesting object placed upon it. It is a section of a plastic map of Switzerland, showing the elevation of the Alps and the depression of the subjacent val- leys. Just above it is a somewhat similar model, exhibiting the section of a salt mine in Upper Aus- tria. Some hyalotypes, or daguerreotypes on glass, are displayed at this point, and beyond them numer- ous further examples of terra cotta figures. To the left, in the centre of the court, are various pleasing works, in stone and marble. A centre- table and four chairs elaborately carved in gray stone exhibit a novel and substantial style of furni- ture, " Leda with the Swan," a boy on a tortoise and another on a crab, are three attractive works in marble, by Croff of Milan. We now pass the ammonites and marbles to which NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 89 r allusion was just now made ; and here the visitor may observe some specimens of Istrian asphalte. Asphaite. The next step will carry us into the hardware and Hardware cutlery court, and we are naturally surprised at the ^° ^" ^^^' multiplicity of the exhibition in these classes. The town of Stadt Steyr, alone, sends upwards of forty stadt steyr. different contributions, and principally of knives and forks. The exports of Austria, in various descriptions of hardware and the coarser descriptions" of cutlery, Exported are very great. The quality of these articles is less to be regarded than the low price at which they are manufactured. It may be added here that the manufacture of these goods, in Upper Austria, does not concentrate in a fewHtarge establishments, but respectable workmen, are generally makers, on their maSrs?^^ own account. The iron mines and manufactures of i^^^ nj|j,eg Austria are a principal source of the national wealth, of Austria, and give employment to an immense number of ope- ' ratives. In this court we find a coil of lead pipe, claiming Lead pipe, to be 1800 feet long ; here also are various hand- some chairs of bent wood, with cane seats, and a FumitTire. highly polished buhl table, of rosewood. In an- other part of the court are buhl chairs, and a sofa, with cushions of fine green morocco. Hardware, in great variety, and German silver in German silver sheets, and also manufactured into table-ware, are found in the right-hand corner of Court 19, as we Court 19. pass again into the front court. We are once more in the midst of the produce of Bohemia. — China, Bohemian and glass, and earthenware, in an almost endless variety of forms and objects, meet our eye. Here, also, is another, and perhaps the best, example of the veiled figures. Before we complete our survey Veiled bust, of the objects in this court, we must afford a mo- ment's notice to the curious and brilliant table top Mosaic table of mosaique d' email, which, in a French inscription, *^^' 90 A DAY IN THE Gold chains. Holland. Court 23. Number of exhibitors. Pictures. Furniture in zinc. Beed baskets. Ebony cabinet. Ivory carvings. Chandelier. Silver beaker. Balances. is -said to be a precise copy of a piece of the pave- meut of the Basilica of St. Mark's at Venice. A collection of gold chains and other objects, is one of few examples in the Palace of Austrian jew- ellery. We are apprized, by the flag which hangs at the entrance of the next court, that we are entering the Department of Holland. This country is repre- sented by about one hundred and fifty exhibitors, exclusive of the large number of artists whose works appear in the Picture Gallery. Nearly every class of objects is embraced in its contributions, and a very considerable degree of interest will be felt by the visitor in passing through the several courts which they occupy. The first objects which we encounter are light castings, in zinc, for ornament and utility — such as work-tables, flower-stands, vases, figures, &c. These are painted to resemble bronze, and combine grace and durability in a very satisfactory manner. They are contributed by Schutz, whose casts of the stag and wolves we have before named. He exhibits, also, baskets and flower-cases in twisted reed. In the front of the court is a handsome cabinet of carved ebony, and grouped beyond it are further examples of furniture, which are chiefly substantial rather than ornamental. Various small carvings, in ivory and bucks-horn, are good specimens of this art, near the entrance of the court. At the other extremity of it, is suspended a chandelier, of numerous branches, in the same ma- terials. These are exhibited by Hatt, of Leyst. An illustration of the old art of embossing silver ware, by beating out a single piece, may be seen in a handsome beaker, made by Grebe of Rotterdam. Some sensitive analytical balances are exhibited by Becker. Among a variety of dr«ssed skins, there NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 91 are beautiful specimens in those of the swan and Greband greb. The plumage of the last-named water-bird is ^^^^ ®^°^' held in high esteem. A Yery curious collection of Japanese articles is Japanese displayed in this court. They are the contribution ^^^^^ ^^' of the Chevalier Levysohn, old chief of the Holland Station at Japan, and they embrace a large number of the characteristic productions of the singular and exclusive people of that country. The m'inerals and Minerals. coins of the country, are not the least attractive Coins, part of the collection. We can not attempt, in this brief Manual, to give even a summary of the varieties. Extending our observations into Court 24, we find ^^^^ ^• a large variety of Whips and canes, in whalebone — "Whips and plain, twisted, knotted, and inlaid with ivory — and mounted in gold, silver, and pearl. They are from Post & Wendt of Gouda. The scientific visitor will find interest in some glyphographic blocks, with oiypho- the impressions obtained from them. A few pictures, by Dutch artists, are to be found Pictures, hung in this court ; but for the best examples of this school of art, the visitor must go to the Grallery of Paintings, where there are upwards of a hundred and twenty contributions. We notice here a variety of linen fabrics — as Linen goods, table-cloths, canvas, and linen bed-tick— made of Dutch flax. A small picture, resembling an etching or an outline in India ink, proves, on close inspec- tion, to be a design cut in white paper and laid upon Picture in a background of black. ^^^^^' There are, upon the west side of the court, to which we now turn Our Steps, many examples of blankets, made of Dutch wool. Some of these are Blankets. of admirable quality, and of graduated thicknesses. A circular sofa, from the Hague, is a useful and circular sola. ingenious piece of furniture. It consists of six sepa- 92 A DAY IN THB Court 23. Betorts. Bows and arrows. Military goods. Japanned furniture. Folding screen. Lacquered table. Iron bust. Court 25, Morse's telegraph. Court 27. Machinery. "Water-wheeL Fire escapes. Earth-borer. f Seed drill. Group in stone. Pheasant house. Dutch clocks. rable arm-chairs. Returning into Court 23, we notice the retorts of Batka — the lower part of the globes or bowls being covered with copper, by the electro-galvanic process, they- withstand a strong heat. Bows and arrows, models of circular stair- case, and military trimmings, are here met with. A prominent class of objects in this court, is the ja- panned or lacquered furniture, made by Zeegers of Amsterdam. He exhibits a large folding screen, of eight partitions, ornamented with gilded figures, in the Japanese style, and hung with engraved copper joints or hinges ; also, a table, brilliantly painted and lacquered in crimson, and screens in the same style of decoration. A bust, in cast iron, of the late King William, is a good specimen of its kind. Passing now through Court 25, in which the visitor will find the ofiSce of Morse's Electric Tele- graph in communication with the whole extent of the Morse lines. We find in Court 2t, further examples of the pro- ducts of the Netherlands. The machinery of Hol- land is not extensively represented. We find a new description of fire-engines, and a centrifugal water- wheel. The latter is a simple and useful machine. There are also two mechanical contrivances for fire escapes, an earth-borer to* open channels for supply- ing the roots of trees with water in dry weather, and for infusing manure into the soil, a new seeding machine, and a swing plough. In this court is a fine specimen of sculpture in free stone, representing " The serpent in the lion's den." There is much boldness in the design, and good physical development. It is the work of Levermann of Doesburgh. A curious object is a house of bamboo, designed for an aviary, or more especially for keeping pheasants. The Dutch clocks, in this court, do not vie, in ex- tent or beauty, with the showy examples of our NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 9^ own, nor with those of other European makers, clocks. They are of good quality, however, and an astro- Astronomical nomical clock, made by Kaiser, of the Hague, will bear comparison, as a time-keeper {tydhewaarder), with a good chronometer. There are various contri- butions of rope, twine, cords, and lines Of the first- ^^/Jfe^g^'^ named, there is a novel example in the " concentric" Novel rope. or equal drawing rope, made by Yan Beeftngh of Katwyk, with patent machinery. The curious may ascertain its peculiarities by reference to the speci- mens themselves. Passing by a statue' of Josephus, statue of in wood, we find, ranged upon tables beneath the ^^^^ ^^' windows of the Palace, the objects belonging to Classes ii., iii., and iv., in the Catalogue. They are numerous, and of much merit. Among the candles. Altar candies, we notice long tapering ones, for burning at church altars. There are specimens of Dutch madder, a substance much employed in dyeing, and from which the "turkey red'^ colour is obtained : of Dutch flax, Madder for " turkey red." of starch, of horse-hair, and many other "raw mate- rials," with this hasty generalization of the contribu- ^aw tions of Holland, we must take our leave of them, and turn to glance, for a moment, at the contribu- tions of Hayti and the West India Islands, which Haytia>' *^ . contributions. are all embraced m Court 29. The Emperor of Hayti, Faustin I., has sent, through the Consular Agent of the United States Government, Henry Delafield, Esq., specimens of the native produce of the country. The list will be found, in detail, in the Ofiicial Catalogue. The block of mahogany, Block of included in the Catalogue, is not in this court. It is in Court 1, and may be noticed when we inspect the contents of that court. Of the West India Islands, Cuba and Bermuda Wbst Indies. are represented in the Exhibition, but neither of them to any great extent. From Cuba, we find Cuba, sugar, cigars, and some medicinal preparations, and u A DAY IN THE Bennnda. British GiriANA. Variety of objects. Natural products. Woods of the country. Kaw materials, Native barks. Manufactures. Canoes and other objects. Shaak-shaaks. from Bermuda, arrow-root, and boxes made of cedar wood. The next court we enter is entirely occupied with the interesting contributions of British Guiana, and is our first introduction to the Colonial resources and industry of Great Britain. British Guiana is situated on the coast of South America, and the intelligence and enterprise of its settlers may be presumed from the extent and variety of the contributions to be found in this court. Of these the Catalogue presents a list of nearly one hundred and fifty, the majority of which are the natural productions of the country. We shall not attempt to direct the visitor from object to object in this court, as they are so grouped as to present themselves in classes to our notice. The products of the country are numerous and valuable, including arrow-root, tapioca, coffee, starch,, sugar, cotton, palm-fibres, cassava, bread- fruit, and a great variety of excellent timber. The latter is displayed in almost innumerable specimens, in the centre of the court, while all around are the raw materials and vegetable produc- tions already enumerated. The barks of the country are largely exhibited, for medicinal properties. The manufactures are of the simple kind suggested by the wants of the natives and the material at their hands. There are bark canoes, bows and arrows, and war clubs, necklaces, fans, calabashes, ham- mocks and mats of the palm-fibre, brooms, queus, baskets, gongs, flutes, and shaak-shaaks. The three last-named articles are rude musical instruments with which the festivities of the Indians are en- livened. A dance without the shaak-shaaks would be no dance at all. They resemble gourds, and con- tain seeds which make a great noise when shaken. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 95 The natives ornament them with feathers. A case stuffed wrds. of stuffed birds, and a variety of dressed skins, illus- Dressed skins, trate the natural history of the country. The collection deserves more than a passing glance, and we are sorry to dismiss it with so brief a notice. Entering Court 26, we find ourselves again in the Court 26. Department of the United States, and among the UNn-ED objects of Class x. of the Ofhcial Catalogue. They ^'^^''^^• are introduced to us by what the maker calls "a cosmographical globe," It is constructed with the New globe, land in relief, and mountain ridges indicated by further elevations. In a corner behind this, we may inspect some excellent specimens of silver-plate and card and card engraving, by Hyatt, and a frame of cameos ei^^r^avhig. cut on shells, by KI^^NEY. Cameos. Photographic pictures, being regarded as a philo- daguekreo- sophical product, are embraced in Class x., and in '^ ^ ' no department of scientific art is the Exhibition more fruitful than in this. Upwards of thirty con- Numerous ... . „, . TT-ji contributions. tributors oi daguerreotypes are numbered m the Catalogue, and the collection is so extensive, that one might well grow weary of the task of examining it in detail. The excellence of American photographs is ac- American knowledged abroad, where no pictures have been p^^^^^^p ^• obtained of equal beauty. The first portraits from nature, obtained, by the photographic process, were taken in New York, and it will hardly be invidious, to say, that the precedence which the metropolis Precedence can assert in point of time, she may, with justice, claim also in point of merit. It is not our intention to institute any comparisons between the displays of the rival artists who appear in the Exhibition. We mav safely say that a more beautiful collection has Beauty of •' J >i specimens. never been brou2:ht together, from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south. The 96 A DAY IN THE Portraits In excess. Groups. Crystalo- types. Interesting group. Panorama of Cincinnati. Electro- photographs. Barlow's Plaxeta- KIUM. General description. vast majority of the specimens are portraits, and it is to be pitied that more attention is not paid to artistic effect in grouping, and also to the produc- tion of landscapes. We notice, in passing along the line of daguerreotype stands, a tableau from Brook- lyn, exhibited by Harrison & Hills, in which are some pleasing groups and descriptive pictures. The crystalotypes of Whipple, from Boston, we mention as the only examples of the kind. They are taken upon prepared paper, instead of the usual metallic plate. Brady exhibits in a collection of admirable pic- tures, the portraits of Commodore Perry and the officers of the Japan Expedition. One of the most pleasing examples of the art is contributed by Bisbee of Ohio. It is a panorama of tlie city of Cincinnati, taken on six extra large plates. Just beyond this, we find some beautiful electrotypes, taken from daguerreotypes by Fitzgib- EON, of St. Louis. At this point we may turn aside for a few moments, to examine the admirable Planetarium, made by Thomas H. Barlow, of Kentucky. It is certainly one of the most ingenious _and valuable contributions to the scientific department of the Exhibition. This beautiful instrument is about twelve feet in diameter ; the outer circle represent- ing the zodiac, and marked with its twelve divisions, and with the days of the month for one year. The sun, earth, and moon, and, the interior planets, are represented. The circumference of an inner circle is divided into one hundred spaces representing ^ears, with an index-figure or point. To whatever year of the nineteenth century this index points, the motions of all the bodies represented will corre- spond precisely to observations in the past, or to astronomical calculations for the future. The earth NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. W7 is made to revolve in an ellipse, being several inches Ellipses of th© further from the sun at the aphelion than at the moon.*° perihelion. The moon also performs an ellipse and exhibits her nodical transitions in precise corre- spondence with observation. The constant parallel- ism of the earth's axis and the changes of the changes of seasons, are most clearly illustrated. Indeed, the apparatus must be regarded as the most felicitous and useful aid to astronomical study of modern times. Returning to the line of photographic tableaux, we may notice the fine cameras of Harrison ; Camews. some beautiful ivory rules by Fenx & Baker, and ivory rules, an orrery, of the old-fashioned kind, by Kiker. Here we enter Court 16 ; and the line of progress Conrtie. we have laid out, will carry us entirely around it. A variety of scientific instruments and appliances Scientific i i 1 1 r J.T- 1 • !» instruments. now present themselves ; many of them deserving or more particular notice than we can here make of them. An improved coating box for photography ; a beautiful collection of microscopic objects, care- Microscopic fully mounted ; and a great variety of clocks and barometers. An antique clock, made in 1509, car- Antique . clock. ries us back farther into the " good old times" than we should care to go in reality. There are various examples of chronometers in this court, displaying Ohronometers. careful workmanship. Two cases, in the centre, belong to the Class occupying the court adjoining. They are books exhibited by Messrs. Putnam & Co., putnam& and fancy papers by De Jonge. The former are ASSan^ very beautiful examples of the art of book-making ; ^°^^^- in its internal and external features alike. They are still more interesting, as illustrations, of the progress of literature, science and art in this country, being all original American books in these departments. Returning again to the tables beneath the win- dows, we find numerous displays of optical instru- Optical ,1 • /.I.I. .,1 1 A . Instramente. ments — the mountings of which vie with the foreign A DAY IN THE timo-kftrer. IMctiKps of Niag! ri. Globes. AchroriarJc examples. A large acLtromatic telescope, equatorially microMA pes. mounted, by Fritz ; an elliptic compass ; and various achromatic microscopes bj Grunow — are among the number of admirable specimens of scientific and mathematical instruments here to be met with. An ingenious timekeeper, made by Leudke, of Cali- fornia, attracts considerable attention. The works are contained in a vaso of silver. The dial and upper parts are of fine gold. The device is Old Time marking the minutes with a wand, while a serpent's head indicates the hours. The last feature impairs the merit of the design. It is a repulsive idea, and by no means necessary to the work. Whitehurst exhibits eight fine sun-p'ctures of Niagara Falls. Copley has a case of excellent globes. Mathemati- Math.'.;i>8ticii cal and physical appara'.us are exhibited upon the ai.pH.h>i 0. -taijigg ^y^^i iq the left, and here we may inspect some Teier.-^ph white flint telegraphic insulators, which appear to be a great improvement upon any now m use. In the noxt Court (17) are some brilliantly col- cared charts, with the gratifying heading in large letters, " Mathematics Simplified." These w^ere ex- hibited in the London Crystal Palace, and elicited considerable notice. They are contributed, together V7i.th a " Dial of the Seasons," by Thomas Fisher, of Philadelphia. Gutta percha moulds and stereo- type plates, form a new example of the vast capa- bilities of that remark ible material. In front of steieoscopoR. them are StercoscopeB, by Peters, and an interest- ing reminiscence of tne past, in the original log of the " Savannah" — the first steamship which crossed the Atlantic — In the year 1819, and the silver tea- pot p'^esented upon the occasion to Capt. Rogers. Spsap.y's clocks, and new patent gas-burners by Mail- lard & Co., '^ 1th an ingenious electric apparatus for storm herald, for rtelliiig the apprcac)\ of storms, invented by Isen- Ri*;6, ^ring us to the north-west tower of the Palace. Court J 7. Mflt>)en)atic8 simpli'j xl. P'al .>f Ghe Seasous. Gtttn r-eroha Lof o^ thi) 8sv4i:aah. Cloclfs. Ga-s-b' mere. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 9^ Here we may observe the patent portable illumi- Portable gas nator of the XJ. S. Gas Company. It is a compact ^^p*""* ^' and simple apparatus for producing gas from resin oil to light a private dwelling, a church, or a hotel. The gas obtained is of exceeding brilliancy, and far cheaper than coal gas. In a section of Court 11, Pike, of New York, has a fine variety of philoso- Philosophical phical apparatus, embracing a large air-pump and electrical machine, with various incidental instru- ments. Just beyond these, is a magnificent air- pump, which its makers. Chamberlain & Ritchie, of Boston, justly call the "American lever air- AmericHn ' pump." It is beautifully mounted in polished rose- ^"^"P'^™^* wood. In connection with it, is a freezing appa- ratus, with which — such is the perfection of this admirable pump — half-a-pint of water may be frozen ice in haif-a- solid in half-a-minute. Lieut. Maury's Wind and ^^^^ ^' Current, and Whale charts are hung in this recess, wind and Court 11 is chiefly occupied by the rare and costly ^^^^^^^^^^s. instruments of the Coast Survey of the United Apparatus of States. They are numerous, and to the scientific sukvey.^^ visitor, full of interest. It would be impossible for us to condense any intelligible account of them into space adapted to the limits of this manual, and as each instrument is inscribed with a brief outline of its uses, we deem it better to attempt no description at all. The visitor should not overlook the beauti- ful charts which hang upon the walls. The standard standard weights and measures of the United States, and of ° France, may be found in this court ; also the new scales of the United States Mint. Mint scales. At the entrance of Court 5, beneath the stairs, we Court 5. find House's printing telegraph, of which we prom- Printing ised to say something at this point. This instrument, ^ ^^^^ '" unlike that of Professor Morse, which writes by arbitrary signs and points — prints its messages in a clear Roman type upon long strips of paper. The 100 A DAT IN THE Principle. Mode of operating. Court 10. Blank books. Fancy papers, Maps and ciiarts. Fine bibles. Book for the Queen of England. Type and moulds. Wood type. Blank books. Elegantly bound books. Stationerv. Cooper's novels. Globe for the blind. scientiJBc operation of the instrument is, of course, similar to all other telegraphs ; its mechanical agen- cies, however, are vastly different. The operator strikes keys, resembling those of a pianoforte. Each of these keys represents a letter or a figure, and when one of them is struck, the corresponding letter of the alphabet, arranged upon a metallic wheel at the other end of the line, is projected by magnetic force against a strip of paper, fed from a roll. Here let us retrace a few recent steps, and pass- ing through a section of Court 11, enter Court 10, occupied by tlie objects of Class xvii. in the Cata- logue. Beginning at the right hand, we observe blank books of plethoric habits ; letter papers ; fancy papers for book-binders' use ; and upon the walls, a variety of maps, and astronomical charts. In a neat glass case, there are displayed some mag- nificent bibles, printed and bound by Lippincott & Co., of Pliiladelphia, who also exhibit in the same case a copy of Schoolcraft's great national work on the Indians. It is inscribed with the initials Y. R., and is intended as a present for the Queen of England, who has already received the previous volumes of the work. Moulds, matrices, and types, of metal, from Bruce, with specimens of wood type from Connec- ticut, are found in the same corner of Court 10. In a central case, Root & Anthony exhibit very fine blank books ; and just beyond it, is another case, affording some splendid examples of book-binding, by Matthews. In the south-west corner of the court, we find papers ; envelopes ; embossed envelopes and cards ; valentines ; and a complete set of the novels of the late J. Fennimore Cooper. Near a case of showy books, by Dunigan, is an object worthy of special notice. It is a globe, for the use of the blind, with the boundaries of countries and states, mountains and rivers, distinctively defined to NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 101 the touch of the pupil. This beautiful globe is Court lo. the contrivance of W. D. Cooke, Esq., of Raleigh, JSTorth Carolina. The art of book-binding is illustrated in a varied and admirable manner bj the specimens exhibited Waiker* by E. Walker & Sons in their elegant case. Here binding?*' ' are bindings in every modern style, with some very beautiful examples of illuminated edges. The east side of the court remains to be inspected. Here we find some examples of what is called chro- mo-glypotyphy — a hard name for a new process of Chromo-giy- printing with types, in various colours — exhibited for the inventor by Horace Greely, Mammoth sticks of sealing-wax, are the exponents of Davids' Seaiing-wax. manufactures in that line. Here are Tobit's "logo- types," or words and compound letters, in metal, for Logotypes, printers ; copper-faced type, said to be very durable ; pictorial stamps, for book-binders' use, from Tomp- Book-binders' son's well-known hand ; and some very elegant blank books, exhibited by Koch & Co. Blank books. Court 9 is chiefly occupied by the contributions Court 9. of Newfoundland; but there are numerous examples upon the walls of the court, and through the adjoin- ing western court, of the arts of painting, engraving. Specimens of t • , . til© &rt)S* penmanship, colour-printing, and seal-cuttmg, be- longing to the United States department. A glance at some of these will gratify the visitor. Passing down, on the right side of the court, we find various examples of chromo-printing from Philadelphia, Printing in where this art has found as yet its best exemplars in this country. Duval's specimens are very nume- rous, and interesting in the exhibition of the stages stages of the . . 1 • 1 /» • process. 01 the process, m a picture obtamed irom nme blocks. We may notice Geo. S. Appleton's excellent electro-steel engravings — copies of some of the finest Eiectro-steei works — obtained by a process which brings them 102 A DAY IN THE The flowers ofShakspeare. Pen drawings. Pastel piiinting. MedallloBS. Wood-cuts. Newfound- land. Show-case of native woods. Conimittee. Natural products. Tiie seal. Model of seal fishery. Birds. Quadrupeds. Dressed furs. within the reach of the many. Near by, are the flowers mentioned by Shakspeare, represented in a single group, in water colours, by Miss Mary Bal- MANO. Among the penmanship examples are exquisite pen drawings, by Miss Edmonds, of Boston, and Davidson's curious and elaborate works in Hebrew and English text. Some pastels, by Miss Yan Tuyl, are pleasing specimens of that branch of art. A number of small portrait medallions, in fine composition, are exhibited by Ellis. Whitney, Jocelyn & Annin make an imposing display of fine proofs from wood blocks, engraved, by them, from designs by the best artists of New York. The contributions of Newfoundland are compactly and effectively exhibited in a large case, purposely left unpainted, to allow of the examination of the woods composing it, as native productions of the island. This collection was made for the Exhibition by a Committee of gentlemen at St. Johns, whose zeal and liberality are admirable. The principal objects it embraces, are the products of Newfound- land — its minerals, grain, oils, and furs. The seal figures very conspicuously in the collection. Quite a number of the genus are here, of various sizes and colours — from a tiny white-coat, not more than twelve inches long, to a mammoth fellow almost six feet in length. At the bottom of the case is a representation, rudely but picturesquely modelled in plaster, of the seal fishery. Grouse, ptarmigan, owls, ducks, gulls, and bitterns, of the flying tribes, and polar bears ; white, red, and crop foxes ; bea- vers, martens, otters, ermines, and others of the four- footed tribes, illustrate the natural history of the island; while the dressed furs of these animals exem- plify its industry. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 103 The next point of interest is the space devoted dksmaek. to Denmark — almost the only contribution of which country is, the world-renowned group of *' Christ and his twelve Apostles " by Thorwaldsen. When TiorwaLi- i- ^ •/ _ sen 8 group. the lioness was once reproached by a more prolific animal with bearing but a single cub at a time, she replied, says the fable, " Only one — ^but a lion !" a faWe Denmark may point to her Thorwaidsen group here, ^-^'^"^ ' and say to any who thinks her list in the Catalogue meagre, " Only one — but a lion !" The Denmark Court is semicircular. The wall which skirts it is draped with maroon-coloured vel- vet, against which the white plaster figures are dis- played with fine efi'ect. These thirteen figures were b -.story of the originally placed in the Metropolitan Church, at Copenhagen, and so arranged that the figure of Our - Saviour was fifty feet from the Apostles, and quite elevated above them. On this account, it was made larger than the others. Here, the group is necessa- rily crowded, though not to the loss of a pleasing effect. "When the marble figures were completed, ihemarWea. they were substituted for these in the church named, and these were sold to Mr. E. Beck, the Danish Consul in New York, who has courteously contri- buted them to the Exhibition. It was not a trifling work to erect and arrange the figures, but the admi- rable manner in which it has been done is creditable to all concerned in it. We will briefly name the Sanies aivt statues, and the emblem each one bears. Paul holds ., , a sword, as the symbol of his martyrdom. This apostle, who never saw his Lord and Master, is sub- stituted for the unfaithful Judas. Peter, on the Peter, other side, carries the keys of power. Simon holds fiunon. the saw, to indicate the martyrdom he endured. Matthew has the significant money-bag at his feet. Matthews,'. In his hand he holds a tablet, to indicate his office of recording evangelist, while an angel kneels by his 104 A DAY IN THE Bartholomew. John. Jamea. James, son of Alpheus. Thomas. Philip. Andrew. Thaddeus. Character of the works. Canada. Number of exhibitors. Threshing machine. Carriage's and sleiffhs. Native furs. Mosaic sleigh- robe. Bark canoe. Native productSw side. Bartholomew carries a knife, a token of his traditional death by martyrdom. John, "the beloved disciple," seems to be listening to the voice that addressed him in the isle of Patmos, saying, "Write." James, the brother of John, about to set out on his apostolic journey, bears in his hand the pilgrim's staff. The other James leans upon a staff. Thomas holds the square — symbolic of his mind, requiring exact evidence. Philip, the aged, carries a cross of cane. Andrew holds a parchment-roll, and bears in his right hand the cross of his martyrdom. Thad- deus bears the axe, the instrument by which he fell a martyr to his faith in Christ, Of these works, we may remark, that the more they are contemplated, the grander do they become to the understanding. The contributions of Canada, to which we next devote our attention, occupy Courts 1 and 2 of this Division, and some space in the rear of these courts. The Ofiicial Catalogue gives us the names of up- wards of one hundred and fifty contributions, repre- senting nearly every class of objects. Just in front of the Denmark Court, is a mammoth threshing machine and separator, as a good illustration of the agricultural energy of the Canadians. Court 1 is divided into two sections. In the southern part, we find carriages and sleighs of taste- ful design and excellent workmanship. They all illus. trate the manufactures of Quebec. Many beautiful specimens of furs of native animals are here exhib- ited, and, conspicuous in their midst, a sleigh-robe, composed of nearly 10,000 pieces of fur, sent from Montreal. A voyageur's l^ark canoe is suspended above the furs. In the northern half of Court 1, passing down on the left-hand, we find, chiefly, exam- ples of the produce of Canada ; its timbers, maple sugar, honey, hams, vegetable seeds, oils and drugs. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 105 Some of these vie with the choicest productions of [Canada.] any land. Returning upon the other side, we find numerous manufactures of Canada, of its Indian, as well as its Anglo-Saxon, productions. The former Manufactures embrace moccasins, and many small wares, wrought or ornamented by the Lorette Indians ; while the lat- ter are quite numerous and of many classes, A beautiful carpet, made by the ladies of Hamilton, A carpet, adorns this court. Cavalier's boots, snow-shoes, pot- tery, rope, horse-shoes, and other fabrics, are found Varieties. here. In a recess of Court 8, we may notice some novel metallic splints for surgeons' use, and a few New splints. specimens of the fine arts. An oil-painting, repre- Oil painting, senting the '' presentation" of an Indian chief, with original portraits of the principal Indians of Lorette, painted by Thielcke, of Quebec, has an historical interest. In Court 2, there are some superb blankets of fine Court 2. white wool, regarded as being superior to those Fine which took a medal at the London Exhibition, and were sold to the Queen. They are contributed by Pattersox, of Dundas. Besides various specimens of woollen fabrics and mixed stuffs, we notice in the court, some fine samples of porpoise leather, much Porpoise esteemed for its softness and durability. There are a few specimens of linen manufactures from Canada Linens. East. V It would be difficult to overlook a splendid carpet, Elegant wrought in Berlin wool, by the ladies of Toronto, like the one in the adjoining court, for the benefit of the church. There are various excellent specimens of embroidery, knitting and lace working to be seen Embroideries, here. The courts fronting on the north nave, except the first and part of the second, contain the woollen and mixed fabrics, and the printed goods of the UNrrEo United States. In Court 2, we find some handsome and substaatial shawls, fine flannels, woollen yarns. Shawls. 5* 106 A DAY IN THE Printed fabrics. Woollen goods. Fine cloths. Snowy blankets. Dyed and printed cloths. The four Divisions completed. printed woollens, of superior colours, from the Man- chester Print Works, and remarkably fine beaver cloths, from the Union Mills in Connecticut, Court 3 is almost exclusively occupied by woollen fabrics, from various mills. Blankets, cassimeres, cloths and shawls, indicate the great excellence to which these manufactures have attained in the Uni- ted States. The black cloths of Slater & Co. are of remarkably fine quality. Some embroidered blankets, of almost snow-white wool, are found at the entrance of the court. They are from the Bay State Mills, (Mass.; In Court 2, we meet with printed and dyed textile fabrics, and the brilliance of the goods here exhi- bited, affords evidence that our print works are not lagging in the race for improvement. De laines and furniture-cloths, printed with copper shells, woollen- printed lawns, bareges and silks, dyed flannels, and many other examples, are presented in this court. Our review of the four great divisions of the Crys- tal Palace is here completed, and a new field of ob- servation invites us. NEW YOR-T CRYSTAL PALACE, 107 MACHINE Allt3ADE, Aim ADJACENT COUErS IN DIVISIONS A AlTD B. In onr examination of the East Xave, it will be MAcuiNKur. recollected that we stopped short at the crystal fountain, leaving that, and all beyond it, to be in eluded with the objects in the Machine Arcade. la like manner, the courts opening upon the arcade in Division A, and containing the carriages of the United States, and the corresponding coui'ts in Division B, containing chiefly English machinery, # were left for subsequent inspection. We propose now to enter upon that important Sbirtisig field of observation ; and for that purpose, we must make our way to the very spot where we turned our steps in the East Kave, beneath the crystal foun- tain. Tliis fountain bears no resemblance whatever to i'"'- the jeis cVeau of ordinary fountains. In- the latter, the' water rises to the level of its source. In the crystal fountain the effect is produced by machinery. The fountain is a cylinder of perhaps twelve feet in height and two feet in diameter, over the flanged edge of which a body of water is made to flow with great force in the shape of a dome. The fountain is enclosed with glass to confine the spray. The effect is produced by a pump within the cylinder, called Gwynne's Centrifugal Pump, which is put in J^^^t" operation by the steam power of the Arcade. The water flows back into the reservoir, and is again thrown into the cylinder, to be in like manner returned to the reservoir. re I' 108 A DAY IN THE English machinery iron machines. Agricultural implements. Here let us avail ourselves of a suitable occasion to inspect the English machinery courts, which open at this point, Division D. Passing into the sec- tion which embraces Courts 23, 24, 25 and 26, we find upon our right hand a variety of machines of large size and massive appearance, designed for work- Whithworth's ing in iron. They are not in operation, and do not, therefore, attract the attention which they merit, as examples of the excellence of the English machinery employed in iron manufactures. The names and pur- poses of these machines are stated in the Official Catalogue, Class vi., of Great Britain. The next group of objects embraces the agricultu- ral machines of Class ix., exhibited by Crosskill. They are formidable looking implements, especially the patent "clod crusher," and the prize-medal ''iron harrow," The sheep-washing apparatus of Mr. Bigg, would be vastly interesting if we could witness its practi- cal working. It is said that, with the assistance of five men, it will wash five hundred sheep in one day. The culture of wool is not sufficiently general in this country to make our people familiar with this process. Blackmore's bolting mill exhibits improvements in bolting cloths. We have been passing, on the left hand, a long range of beautiful machinery for cotton mills, the patent roving and slubbiug frames, exhibited by Mason, of Manchester. These are sometimes put in motion. The southern refreshment saloon, distinguished as the Ladies' saloon, opens at the end of the machine courts of the British division. At this point we may advantageously pass over the space which inter- venes the line of the Machine Arcade. Many of the objects here are rather important than attractive, and we pass stoves, and ranges, and boiler-flues, with a bare glance. Sheep- washing apparatus Bolting mill. Cotton machinery Ladies' saloon. NEW YOUE CRYSTAL PALACE. 109 We may linger a few moments to inspect O'Neill's Balcony plan for an elevated or balcony railway in Broad- Broadway! way, which, with half-a-dozen models of bridges, Models of may be found in this section, though belonging to ^^ ^^^' Class vii. of the United States. The stocking-knitting machine of Jacquin, from stocking Brussels, may be found in this section, and its curious machine. operation will well reward our notice. A stand, upon which are displayed varieties of American woods, may be found just beyond the stockino;-machines. American '' 1 woods. Re-entering the nave, we may inspect the vari- ous sewing-machines, placed to the east of the Sewing fountain. There are several of these, by rival ex- hibitors, the comparative merits of which we are neither competent nor required to determine. They are sufficiently represented by agents and circulars, to justify us in passing them without further re- mark. The visitor who desires to do so can obtain a specimen of any of the various kinds of work per- formed by these steel and brass automata ! The two mammoth printing presses, stretching back to Printing the Machine Arcade, are employed much of the time ^^^^^^' in printing the Official Catalogue,, and the Illustrated Record of the Exhibition, under the superintendance of J. F. Trow. The first is what is termed a cylin- der machine, designed for rapid printing, and the p/ess! ^^ other a platen press, with which better work is done piaten press. than with the cylinder, but at a lower rate of speed. We are now brought to the verge of the Machine Arcade, at a point midway of its length, and our Entering the Arc ^T)S! course will be towards the north extremity upon the left side. The machinery of the United States is cataloofued without reference to the Official Classifi- cation, which places direct machines in Class v., and ^^^^®^ indirect machines in Class vi. The two classes are united, and the number of exhibitors in both, ex elusive of Carriages, is 438. 110 A DAY IN THE Machines not noticed. Our aim. Hydraulic machines. Their name " Legion." Line of march. Circular saw. Ban-el machine. Stone- dressing machine. Of many of these machines we shall say nothing at all in this manual, either because they are their own best exponents, or that they have no peculiar claim to notice, in a work which aims to conduct the visitor, without needless delay, through the Exhibition. It is obviously impossible that the principles upon which machines are constructed, should be discussed here. Our purpose will be to point out the more important and novel objects before us. The first class of machines which we. observe, on the line of our advance, is properly termed hydrau- lic. It embraces pumps, of all descriptions, for raising waters from the deeps, or for forcing it to the heights. We should find it a tedious task to, inspect all these in detail, for their name is legion. From the little hand-pump to the formidable hydrau- lic ram, they are before us, spouting or pouring in- cessantly. Let us pursue the line of the wall where it turns to the north-west, and we shall presently come to Bemis's circular sawing machine ; a thin flexible blade of steel, with which the operator can cut any curved or circular figure at his will. In a twinkling he will furnish you with a figure of eight in wood, the work of his obedient saw. We may now notice upon our right hand Trapp's patent machine for making barrels, from a white lead or powder keg, up to a huge wine cask. It is a very ingenious machine ; takino; blocks of wood and sawius: them into staves, and then putting them together, heading and hoop- ing them completely. The next point of prime attraction is at Gkeely's machinery for dressing any description of stone. It shapes and moulds blocks of free-stone or marble for cornices, with great rapidity, and as efficiently as hand-dressing. A rotary engine, iitvented and exhibited by Bar- NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. Ill ROW, has been applied to a small boat with a con- Rotary siderable degree of success. A similar engine, of large size, is now propelling a passenger boat on the Passaic river, which it is said can run twelve miles One in use. in an hour. That ponderous machine which appears to have sunk through the floor, is Dick's " boiler plate shears," for cutting thick sheets of cold iron. It iron shears, is capable of cutting a plate more than half an inch thick, as we cut card-board with a pair of scissors ! We may examine with interest, at this point, one of the most beautiful steam engines ever made in this or in any country. It is called " The Southern "Southern Belle." Belle,^' a name which indicates its origin. It was made at the Winter Iron Works, at Montgomery, in Alabama, and does credit to all concerned in its construction. It is of thirty horse power, and so elaborately finished that it cost $1000. / ^ We have now arrived at that part of the Machine Driving Arcade, where the " primum mobile " of its multi- farious processes is to be found. Before us are the two powerful steam engines which propel all the machinery that is put into motion, except by hand. The first of the two, which carries the western line of shaftins:, is a horizontal double cylinder enerine, Double IT 1 • 1 /,, T cylinder made at the Lawrence machine shop, (Massachu- engine. setts.) The other, connected with the eastern shaft, is a beam engine, made by Corliss & Nightin- Beamengino. GALE, at Providence, Rhode Island. They are both sixty horse power engines, and so perfect is their operation that they produce scarcely a sensible tremor in the floor of the Arcade. It is interesting to stand and see these two ponderous engines, and the beautiful '' Southern Belle" by their side, all together in motion ; the huge fly wheels revolving, and the polished arms, levers and beams reciprocat- 112 A DA-K IN THE The "poetry of motion." Eock drill. Wood working machines. Patent washing machine. Eotary engine. Models of piston engines. Sugar refining mill. Smut machine. Stave eutt«r. ing with the very sublimest " poetry of motion" our imagination can comprehend. We now pass around these engines to inspect a mammoth rock-drill — a vast steel augur propelled by steam, to bore holes in granite or other rocks, a striking exemplification of the power of machinery. In the rear of the instrument we may find machines for planing, tongueing and grooving, and for mor- tising lumber for building purposes. The careful housewife will not be induced to pass, without notice. King's patent washing machine — an ingenious con- trivance, by which, without rubbing, five or six dozen soiled garments are cleansed in the space of five minutes, by the agency of steam. It is truly a labour-saving machine, and considering the desagre- mejis of '' washing day" in the house; it might prove also a great temper-^d^Ymg apparatus. As we return to the main passage, we may notice upon our right hand Bristol's rotary steam engine, and upon the left, a curious model of what is called a ''revolving piston engine," in which the crank motion is entirely dispensed with. Of the same class of inventions and novelties in the application of steam power, is Pease's " rotary piston engine," for producing direct and continued motion. A centrifugal machine for refining green sugar, may be seen upon our left hand as we proceed up the Arcade. It is in motion, but the cleansing pro- cess can only be conceived of, in the absence of the raw material for it to work upon. The machine consists of two revolving perforated drums of copper, into which the green sugar is put. The molasses percolates the drums, and is discharged below ; the sugar, in five minutes, remains dry in the drums. A smut machine and a new samp mill will stop the farmer, while others pass on to see Mowrey's stave machine cut a block of wood into half a dozen NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 113 finished staves in a very few minutes. Just across the passage, is Dick^s boiler puncli, a powerful Boiler machine for punching holes in boiler iron ; and next ^°°*^ " to it, with its everlasting trip, trip, is a gold-beater's Gold beater. hammer. Observe how the iron fingers which hold the skin and its golden enclosure, shift it beneath the blows of the sledge, and every few moments turn it completely over. Opposite to these is a machine for mortising MoKtiser. wood, and another for cutting the fellys of wheels, Feiiy cutter, while upon the right hand again, we observe exten- sive machinery for breaking and dressing flax, an in- Flax brake, teresting process, which the visitor will do well to witness. An atmospheric governor for valves, contrived by vau^e Tremper of Buffalo, acts upon a very simple prin- *^^®''°^ * ciple, and seems to be both efficient and economical. Yery few will look without interest at Hutchin- son's stave and barrel machinery, includino^ the stare and stave-cutter, the stave-jomer, the crozer and the machine, header, with which contrivances a neat barrel is very soon turned out of a rude block ! The cotton-gin is a machine employed to separate Cotton-gin. the seed from the fibre of the cotton plant, a process absolutely essential to the preparation of cotton for the market and for the factory. .Carver's gin, which we now observe on the right hand, is very highly esteemed by planters as a rapid and clean operator. A specimen of the cotton plant, with its Cotton plant, bolls ripe and bursting, is here displayed. A large field covered thickly with such plants, in the flush of the cotton harvest, is a most beautiful sight, re- sembling in its brilliancy a snow-clad meadow. Passing a variety of machines, for sawing and planing wood, we arrive again in the region of hydraulic apparatus. Just before us, is Gwynne's- Gwynne's celebrated centrifugal pump, which we mentioned in ^^™^' 114 A DAY IN THE Capacity. Gary's new rotary pumps. Hydrants. Improvement. French automaton printer. Printing in colours. Registering. Every man his own printer I Ruling machine. \^' connection with the fountain, in the east nave. It is said to be capable of discharging 1000 gallons of water every minute. Proceeding northward, we may notice tlie new patent rotary pumps, exhibited by Gary, remarkable for the beauty and uniformity of their operation, and for. their surprising power in lifting water, and in projecting it to great elevations. Two or three hydrants, of different construction, present themselves among other hydraulic instru- ments. That of Cochran has novel features, and possesses real excellence, since it will economize water, and lessen, or obviate, the injury done to the foundation of buildings by those commonly in use. Beyond the iron-shaping engines of the Saco Water Power Company, are curious machines for setting and distributing type, invented and con- structed by Delcambre of Paris. A printing press of new construction, from the West, is followed by a lithographic press, kept in operation by Laing, in colour-printing, or as it is technically termed, chromo-lithography. A separate stone is employed for each colour, and the difficulty of this art, especially in delicate and many-coloured work, is in obtaining and maintaining a perfect register ; that is, such an adjustment of each stone, as to make the effects of all harmonious. An ingenious little instrument, called a " Typo- grapher," is exhibited by Jones. The letters of the alphabet are projected from a disc, and by some simple arrangement, envelopes and cards are printed with scarcely less dispatch than they could be written. Lawyers could print their deeds by this instrument, or snaall hand bills could be struck off. A machine for ruling letter and account paper, now presents itself to notice ; and next, we find a press for making plugs of tobacco. This is one of NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 115 the most ingenious machines in the Arcade, taking roll after roll of leaf-tobacco, and delivering them in TSbacco 111 /. . . P'Ug press. shapely plugs, at the rate ot twenty m a mmute. The leaves are gummed before they are put into the hopper, to make them adhere firmly in the plug. The machine cleans itself after each plug is com-^ pressed. It is patented by Parker. Observe now, to the left hand, two ingenious and important machines, invented by Wyllys, and ex-_ hibited by Collins of Connecticut. The first is a roller-cot machine, and such is the beauty of its ope- Eoiier-cot ration, that it well deserves the title of "Automatic" ™'^°'^'^®- which has been given to it. Roller-cots are small Roiier-cots. cylinders of leather, employed to cover the speeders of cotton mills. Upwards of thirty thousand are consumed every day in Massachusetts alone, and hitherto these have been all made by hand. This ingenious ingenious machine cuts the leather, bevels its edges, p™*^**®^' applies warm cement to one of them, bends the strip into the cylindrical form, presses the edges together, and then deposits the cot in a basket connected with the machine at the rate of ten per minute. The other machine is, perhaps, still more impor- tant to cotton manufacturers, its object being to equalize the sliver in drawing cotton, so as to pro- Machine for duce perfect evenness of the yarn in every number, cotton yarn. This it accomplishes in a very ingenious and satis- factory manner. We have now arrived in that part of the Arcade, where the spinning machines and looms are placed, ^P^^^jj'g" and the noise of their combined motion is often enougrh to distract weak nerves. These unpleasant '^eak nerves. appendages should, therefore, be left behind by those who visit this department. Here are looms and spinners of every description, and they whirl, and whiz, and thump, and bang, with delightful unanimity. One may aptly exclaim with the poet, describing the 116 A DAY IN THE Sensations. effect produced upon him, by contemplating Purbeck^s theory of the crystal spheres of Ptolemy — " Within my ears I hear a sound Of fifty mill-wheels whirling round." Cop spinner. Gingham loomL Shoe pegging machine. Memorial of the past. Cylinders old and new. Models. Lilliputian engine. It would be a tedious task for us to indicate the separate machines of this part of the Arcade. The frame, known as Dodge's Cop Spinner, is conspicu- ous among them, while on the left, is the loom of the Ames Company at Chicopee, for weaving ging- hams. Many of the looms are in constant operation, and have obliging attendants, who are ready to ex- plain and illustrate their mode of operation. Continuing our steps southward, we notice machine bands, machine card-clothing and weaver's reeds, essential parts of cotton and wool machinery. A percussive shoe-pegging machine, is one of the novelties of the Exhibition, for which a patent has just been issued to its inventor, Gallahue. It will peg a number six shoe in a single minute. An object of interest, close under the wall of the Arcade, should properly detain us for a moment. It is the identical cylinder which played so important a part in the first steam voyage ever made across the Atlantic — the cylinder of the " Savannah." It looks rough and weather-beaten, by the side of its young cousin, a cylinder of an oscillating beam-engine, but recently made at the Allaire Works ; yet it did good service in its day, and we pay it now a tribute of respect ! We have now reached a table, closely covered with models, quite " too numerous to mention." Here are bizarre contrivances, called "multiplying gear," in which the wheels reel and wabble^ as if they were all intoxicated. Among many larger objects, let us not overlook a Lilliputian steam- engine, which is set in motion by a breath. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 117 The manufactures of India rubber and gutta per- India rubber cha are displayed at this point. It is truly astonish- ing to witness the variety of articles now made from these materials. The display embraces not only garments and shoes, but toys, brushes, combs, knife- handles, canes, boxes, and even a cabinet closely resemblins: ebonv I All these are made of vulcan- Vulcanized " ' rubber. ized caoutchouc, or India rubber curiously combined with sulphur. Our inspection of these remarkable goods has carried us around the south end of the Arcade, and past the open door of the Mineraloo^ical Cabinet. It Mineral r n 1 1 -i • f 1 Cabinet IS well, perhaps, that we leave it tor subsequent passed. examination, and proceed along the west line of the Arcade. The Glendon Rolling Mill displays iron in its ironworks, "various styles of manufacture, and plates and bars of rolled and drawn iron. Further on, we find steel axles, and springs, and railway-carriage wheels. A Springs. neat loom, to be worked by hand, dares to show Hand loom, itself amid its rivals, which depend on power. Of these, a beautiful model is here displayed — -it is Reynold's patent power loom. It takes a larger Power loom, machine to make ship-biscuit and crackers, than one Cracker and ,,..•,„ . . , . biscuit would imagine, before seeing one m operation. machine. The idea of paging blank-books by machinery, is Paging of modern origin ; but now, all manufacturers adopt some such method. An ingenious instrument, for this purpose, is here exhibited ; the numbers mov- ing in succession upon an endless band. Passing, with somewhat quickened pace, along the Arcade, with a glance for the "rag-picker," the Various hydraulic press, a beautiful cotton-gin, a power churn for making ice-cream, a gold washer, and a nail machine, we linger a moment at the type-casting Casting type. machine, exhibited by Johnson & Co. of Philadel- phia. See, how fast the bright and slender letters 118 A DAT IN THE Brick machines. Bonnet presser. Electro- magnetic engine. End of the Arcade. Omissions. Want of space, Cabbiages. Variety of styles. drop from the matrix — and they are the true levers, after all, with which the world is moved I Among models of brick-making machines, there is one exhibited by Sands & Gumming, of Washington, the operation of which is very ingenious. It tempers the clay, and moulds six bricks in five seconds. The hat and bonnet press, exhibited by Mrs. DowE, attracts attention from far more portentous machines. It is really a very useful and economical contrivance. The electro-magnetic machine of Pro- fessor Yergnes is not in operation — as we could wish it were — that this novel and much talked-of motive-power might be made intelligible to the multitude. Here we find our rapid survey of the machine department of the Crystal Palace completed. The hour we have given to it, has sufficed only to bring its chief points before our notice. We have, of necessity, overlooked meritorious contrivances, either wholly, or in part, novel. A volume would be re- quired to catalogue with descriptions — however brief they might be — the really useful machines upon exhibition. We have done no intentional injustice to any one in omitting to point out his especial contrivance, and have felt at every step of our progress through the Arcade, the want of space, not there, but in our humble Manual ! In the Official Catalogue, carriages are classed with direct machines. They have been placed, there- fore, in courts contiguous to the Machine Arcade, and directing our steps to Division A, we will now make a rapid tour of those courts. The Catalogue gives us a list of about twenty-five contributors, and they send nearly all descriptions of vehicles — from the omnibus, " licensed to carry fourteen," but compelled, upon occasion, to carry twenty-four — to the " dog-cart," so called for its ex- NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 119 treme lightness. Several of the carriages are of exceedingly elegant finish, both inside and outside, and comparisons between these would be " odious." We notice particularly the "Gazelle wagon," as The "Gazelle having been an object of attraction at the great Londou prototype of our Crystal Palace. The novel style of springs applied to Hubbarq's Novel 1.. ,. c springs. carnages, makes them also justly objects of our notice. Their elegant bucrgv, and those of Miner AND Stevens, and of Smith and Son, are really beautiful examples of elegant and yet substantial Elegant bu°""'ies. light vehicles for the road. The beautiful sleigh, in the interior of the courts, kindles our imagination with thoughts of the snow, sparkling in the winter moonlight, and of the fleet steed spurning it beneath A sieigh his flying hoofs, as we put him, nothing loath, to his suggestions, mettle, upon a well-beaten track ! Making our way back to the nave, and crossing Re-enter the it in front of the fountain, we seek the south-eastern stairway, close by, which will conduct us into the galleries of the Palace. These do not correspond. Gallery , .. divisions. m shape, to the divisions below, but extend over the portions of the building within the cross proper ; and also, at each extremity, project over the naves. It will be intelligible enough, however, to those who have followed this Manual, if we designate each by Designations. the same letter which is attached to the division beneath it — as Gallery A, Gallery B, &c. We can- not, from the shape of the galleries, pursue them, without loss of time, in the same order which marked our progress on the floor, but shall be obliged partly to invert them. Beginning with Gallery B, we shall Mode of pass into C ; thence into D ; and, finally, completing p^*'^®®^" the tour, through A, we shall come back to the en- trance of the Picture Gallery, — whence, also, we shall now start upon our round. 120 A DAT IN THE GALLERY B- GBEAT BEITAIN AND TRTILAND. The Gallery. AscENDiNG the stairs On the South side of the East nave, and opposite the busy printing presses of the Palace, we find ourselves in the gallery over Divi- sion B ; which we have, with deliberate care, chosen in preference to beginning with Gallery A, and mov- Our coarse, ing in an opposite direction around the Palace. On our left hand, crowd the agricultural implements of the United States ; but we heed them not. Our path lies straight before us, towards the dome : up- on one side, the light iron railing of the gallery, with its drapery of red cloth, and upon the other, a beau- Surroundings. tiful display of Irish and English lace fabrics, em- broidered cambrics, and other examples of orna- mental needle work. We are not sufficiently versed in the mysteries of crochet, guipure, and ajiplique, to venture upon par- ticular descriptions of the exquisite fabrics which are here sjDread and hung before us. The ladies, who will be most interested in tMs section, are abundantly able to appreciate their excellence, and will not, as we might do, mistake a flounce for a scarf ; or worse still, fail to discriminate between crochet and point cVapplique. Irish lace. The manufactures of Ireland, in this graceful department of industrial art, are beautifully repre- sented in the first case which we examine — that of Messrs. Higgins & Co. — whose laces and embroid- Mysteries. Interest for the ladies. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 121 ered muslins are the admiration of all visitors. We Irish muslins, are not able to say how much the envy of fair visit- ors is excited by the good fortune of Mrs. President Pierce — as the donee of the beautifully embroidered cambric handkerchief — displayed in front of their case. The next case will, in no wise, abate our satisfac- tion with Irish laces and embroideries. Limerick Limerick lace — judged by the examples before us — may vie with the finest fabrics of Brussels. The next speci- mens are from England — by direct and indirect con- English tributions, and are of great beauty, both in design and execution. All these objects belong to Class xix., and so also do the various carpets which hang Carpets from from the girders along the passage of this gallery, and of which beautiful specimens are exhibited by Henderson & Widnell, of Scotland. We must not pass too hastily a case containing specimens of embroidery in various styles by children works of the . . children of of the industrial Poor Schools, m Ireland ; and also poor schoois- Limerick lace, from the famous manufacturers, Lam- Fine lace. BERT & Bury, of Limerick. The fine sewed muslins Sewed of HoLDEN are at the end of the first passage, and we turn immediately to traverse the second passage, observing that the objects we notice are upon our left hand — unless by marked exceptions. We are now in a wilderness of sewing cotton. ^^^"^ The spools are thick as leaves in Yallambrosa, and some of them are fanciful enough to make us look closely ; especially that mammoth reel with a glass Mammoth medallion upon its head, exhibited by Clark. A pair of socks, knitted by a sister of the Ayr- Pai^of i- ^ J J socks. shire poet, in her eightieth year, is a curiosity enough to attract our notice. The leisure of conventual Conventual existence, is proved by the numerous embroideries and fancy needleworks of the Sisters of Mercy, belonging to the Kinsale Convent in Ireland. Of 6 122 A DAY I N T H E More spools. Hosiery. Chamois leather. Fine scar£ Bonnets. Hair-work. Eibbons. Etched jloyleys. Honiton lace. Scottish worked muslins. Fine lace flounce. Various fabrics. Hos'ery. L. inbskin n its and rugs. Leathers. Screwed shoes. Sich vest. cotton spools, the cry is " still they cotiie ;" and we pass them to notice a large display of hosiery from that world-renowned city of looms, the English Not- tingham. Fine samples of chamois leather are ex- hibited by Bailey & Shaw, of the same place. The next object which we discover is a knitted scarf of nnbleached linen, containing, says the re- cord, three and a half million of stitches, and yet weighing only five and a half ounces I It is cer- tainly an extraordinary piece of work, and was wrought by a young lady of Ireland. Returning on the opposite side of the -passage, we notice bonnets ; ornamental hair-work, Coventry ribbons, embroideries in Berlin wool, and neat little doyleys, etched with views of Irish ruins. These are followed by Honiton and other laces, from Not- tingham, in two contributions ; and beneath all these successive objects, McDonald & Co. display an immense assortment of Scottish worked muslins and cambrics, insertions, &c. The fair visitor would not pardon us, if we failed to call her attention to that exquisite and costly flounce of real Honiton, imported by Jaffray of New York, and valued at a round thousand dollars. Sewing cottons, hosiery, ribbons, and laces, em- broideries in crochet and other styles, form the sequents of the passage. We turn into another at the hosiery case of Johnson & Co. of Manchester, and now find ourselves among the objects of Class xvi. Mats and rugs, of goat and lamb-skins, and vari- ous styles of leathers, are extensively displayed by two manufacturers of London. Beyond them we find a novelty in the shape of a shoe, made without sewing or pegging, the sole being neatly screwed to the upper leather I A fancy vest of crimson satin, under black lace, NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 123 might be taken for a precious relic of the tunes of the magnificent Lou-is ! A good example of silk Siik screen. embroidery is afforded in a screen, by Mrs. Ditl, of Dublin. The other side of the passage presents to our notice an extensive display of coach trimmings, Coach lace. which are followed by a class of manufactures- novel in England and to us — ^fabrics of the cocoa- Fabrics of ■ cocoa flbre. nut fibre. This fibre is exceedingly strong, and yet flexible, as the beauty of numerous examples demon- strates. There are three extensive contributors, all of . London ; and they send mattings and door mat;?, Door mats, lines and brushes. In one case the fibre is exhibited ih its natural state and in stages of manufacture. Immediately following these, are specimens of hemp Hemp carpeting and matting, remarkable for their strength *^ ^ ^°^* and neatness. A panorama of linen threads now opens before us. Linen . - i»~ 1 • 1 • threads. each^ successive part of ^the picture supplying some ~ lack of the others, and showing altogether the ex- tent and excellence of the British manufactures of fine thread. Turning into another passage around Taylor & Co.'s stand of perfumery and toilet soaps. Perfumery, we find ourselves apaong the scientific contributions Scientific, of Great Britain. These, though various, exhibit no peculiar degree of novelty or excellence. The reputation of the best English watches is, to be English sure, unrivalled ; and of these, there are some exam- ples in the chronometers, watches and movements of two or three London watchmakers. Frodsham's regulator clock, and Johnson's and Corderoy's watches, will bear minute and critical investigation. The optical instruments are represented by a fine 9p*^°*^ ^ 1 mstruments. achromatic telescope of fifty-two inches, from God- DARD ; and some excellent achromatic microscopes JjfJ^^^^^^ and polished lenses from Solomon. The small exam- microscopes. pies are eye-guards, lorgnettes, stereoscopes, and stereoscopes. 124 A DAY IN THE Silver embossing. Anemometer. English photography. Surgical. Tunbridge ware. Mosaic chess table. Safety lamps. Invalid bed. "Old "Windsor" soap. A ruin. Stained glass. spectacles. Some very beautiful examples of em- bossing in silver or gold plate, are exhibited by Penny. Tiiis is an ancient art, and consists in heating up a plate to an artistic design. The anemometers, manufactured by Davis, are small instruments ; but they have an important office — viz., to measure and register the quantity of air circulating through the shafts and galleries of coal mines, and particularly of deep mines of bituminous coal, such as are found in England. Eour large daguerreotype views of the interior of the London Crystal Palace, by Mayall, are fine examples of English photography. Glancing at various surgical appliances, and at the models, of many kinds, furnished for pupils by the Department of Practical Art in England, we arrive at some contributions of the famous Tunbridge ware. Some of these are exceedingly curious and elabo- rate works. Of these, we notice particularly, a chess table containing the incredible number of two hundred thousand pieces of natural coloured woods. Three different varieties of safety lamps, for the use of miners, illustrate at once the terrible necessity for precaution against the foul air of deep shafts, and the triumphant skill of science in devising such precautions, in all ordinary circumstances, infallible in their efficiency. Sturrock's invalid bed, seems to be well adapted to its purpose of affording all possible comfort to the sufferer. A pleasing aroma is here inhaled from masses of real " brown old Windsor" and other fine soaps. One cannot help regretting to see here the debris only, of what doubtless was — when it left London — a full model in glass of the London Crystal Palace. Against the windows of the building the visitor will observe various examples of stained glass ; chiefly NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 125 of scriptural subjects. They display great biiUiance Fine colours, of coloar, and are not deficient in artistic me It. Artificial flowers, once admirable specimens of Flowers. their kind, and a grotto of shells, are to be found SheU grotto, at the point. They are followed by some naval models ; these, by saddles, and we notice then, Saddles. wooden trenchers, with carved and inscribed bor- Trenchers ders, fancy boxes on carved wood, and other neat mutes. and useful objects, the work of deaf mutes in Ireland. An interesting display is here made by the Lon- don Society for teachino; the Blind, of embossed instruction '' ° ' for the bhnd. books, music, maps, and geometrical figures ; also, of games for their amusement. These are followed by a collection of objects made by the blind. Some unique examples of transparent drawings, and of Jawim^ cutting pictures in ornamental papers, will repay a moment's notice ; and, close by them, are numerous samples of paper, with ornamental and artistic Water water-marks, devised for security against forgery, papers, and manufactured by Saunders of London. Maps, mathematical and drawing apparatus. Maps and globes, compasses, and barometers, are further examples of the scientific contributions of Great Britain. Here let us bend our steps to the right, as if to examine the beautiful Axminster carpet, which A^™^^r hangs over the staircase, and proclaims the com- bined elegance, taste, and durability of those famous fabrics. Our real object is, however, to pass through the little court below it, hung on one side with tex- tile fabrics, and upon the other displaying ornamental works. Beyond a silver and crystal fruit-stand, is a case containing unique and beautiful manufactures of Irish bog oak, and of horse-hair. The former is a Bog oak and Tr» ' -i Ti'i- -11 P horse-hair black and nne-gramed wood, which is susceptible of ornaments. a high polish, and when carved with skill, is exceed- ingly beautiful. A case of malachite and silver 126 A DAY IN THE Church silver. Antique binding. Tara brooches. Fine medals. Irish wood carvings. Conncmara marble. Plated ware. Silver ware by Angell. Its excellence. Halt in ihe Deseri. Sir Roger de Coverly. -iEsop wine service. Garrard's silver ware. Candelabra. ornaments, is followed by Skidmore's cliurcli metal- lic wares, as silver sacrament chalices, &c., with examples of antique binding, in velvet and gold. The ancient Tara brooches of Wicklow gold, ornamented with Irish pearls, are beautiful and curi- ous examples of the jeweller's art. . The fine display of medals, by Wyan, chief engra- ver to the Mint, will reward our minute inspection. In another case, we have further specimens of bog- oak carvings, including an Irish mether, or ancient drinking cup. Ornaments in horse-hair, and in the beautiful green marble of Connemara, add interest to this contribution from Cornelius Goggan of Dublin. Passing a stand of showy silver plated ware, from Sheffield and Birmingham, we turn to the right, and approach the beautiful case of silver ware contributed by Angell of London. We are now to inspect a series of contributions, which do credit to the world- wide, and almost immemorial, fame of the London goldsmiths. Regard these works how we may, whether for massive splendour, or airy lightness, for artistic beauty and design, or skill in mechanical representation, they are unrivalled by any in the Exhibition. The case before us contains some works of exceed- ing beauty. Besides the great central group, illustrat- ing the " Halt in the Desert," which contains 400 ounces of pure silver, and another beautiful group of Sir Roger de Coverly and the Gipsies, there is a wine service in silver, with illustrations from JEsop's fables, in alto-relievo, which the visitor will do well to look at closely, as he arrives presently on the opposite side of the case. What we have said of Mr. Angell's contributions, is true of those of Garrard, in the next case, on our right hand. That splendid silver candelabra, in the NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 127 centre of the case, is by no means the only remarka- ble work in the collection, which embraces the fine group in silver, in an adjoining case, commemorating Sfe^pirj^ims. the "Landing of the Pilgrims." The Swiney prize swiney prize, cup, tells its own interesting story. Who shall be the fortunate possessor of that and of its golden con- tents, time only can disclose. The prize may well stimulate the ambition of our legal sages, as well as that of the British bar and bench. The silver cup, won by the yacht " America " and a case of electro- Prize cup of the vacht plated ware from London, have drawn our steps to America, the edge of the gallery, where a fine view, of the in- terior of the building, will reward us for a brief pause, the more refreshing, that we inhale the deli- cious aroma diffused from the fountain of toilet vin- fountain of toilet vinegar. egar, 'which is playing behind us, amid the choice perfumery of RiMiiEL of London. Repassing, on the inside, the cases of Garrard and of Angell, we come next to the extensive cases of Ei^iNGTON & Co. of London, in which they exhibit, Eiectro- ' ^ ' plated ware by far, the finest examples of electro-plated ware we of Eikington have ever seen. First, we pass the table of electro- deposited bronzes from the antique. Then we have SjDecimens of all descriptions of useful and ornamental table ware of new designs obtained by the modern and beautiful art of chemical or electro-plating. As- if the eye could not grow weary of seeing examples of costly art, we have, still beyond, the un- surpassed display of Hunt & Roskell, extensive, Hunt& .^ ^ y . ^ ^ , ' . ' Eoskeirs magnificent, and varied. ^It embraces two massive splendid silver wftfG testimonials, of elegant workmanship ; but its crown- ing work is a centre-piece and candelabra, in solid silver, embelKshed with nine classical group's in white silver. Two curi(tusly minute working engines, exhibited Miniature by Warner, of the Polytechnic Institution in Lon- engines. don, attract the gaze and wonder of nearly all visit- 128 A DAY IN THE German organ. Peculiarity. British earthenware. Potteries of Staffordshire. Yarieties of clay. Cornish clay. Great progress. Classes xxv. and xxvii. ors. One of them has for its base, a silver 4d., of English currency. Turning our steps northward, we arrive at an organ of new construction — a truant from its own department, in the musical court of Germany. The peculiarity of it is twofold : the pipes are horizontal instead of perpendicular, and are served by a com- pensating or alternating bellows, — in working which, the use of the lever is dispensed with. It is contri- buted by Hechingen of Wurtemberg, and combines power with great sweetness of tone. We proceed now to the inspection of the British earthenware, which, in its multitudinous examples, occupies a large space in this gallery. The Stafford- shire potteries have acquired a wide celebrity for the excellence of their productions, which are diffused over tills Western Continent, as well as through many parts of the Old World. There are several varieties of clay used in the manufacture of earthenware in England. The best, for tlie production of the finer varieties of china, is the Cornish clay, which is a decomposed felspar of the granite, obtained abundantly in Cornwall. In no department of industrial art in Great Brit- ain, has there been a more rapid and stnking im- provement, within a few years past, than in this ; and although her ceramic productions may not rival, in delicacy and beauty, the porcelain fabrics of France, and Saxony, and Prussia, they afford exam- ples of far greater adaptation to the demands of every-day life, than the costlier and more elaborate works to which we have alluded, and of which there are numerous examples in the Exhibition, The English potteries are represented here by about twenty-five exhibitors, including^those of the two Classes, xxv. and xxvii. Some of them are met with in the Division below, and of the others, NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 129 the testimony is around us. Yery numerous speci- Fine qiiaiities . , ^ „ 1 •! ., T of ware. mens of earthenware, m its finer lorms, are exhibited by Messrs. Mayer of Longport. Passing on the left of their tables, we observe plain and ornamented china ware, and Parian figures. At the extremity of the table are painted china slabs, for fire-places ; China slabs. and here we are surprised to find objects that we might be pardoned in mistaking for old stumps, ^yiJ|jj®J5'^^''® smoothly sawed off for seats, but proving, upon ex- amination, to be made, like the multitude of wares - around us, of clay ! We must here interrupt, for a moment, our obser- vations in the ceramic manufactures, to glance at the extensive display of fishing tackle and archery frcherl,*^^'^ implements, made by Ainge & Aldred of London. A case of very handsome whips and walking-canes is ^^^v^ and exhibited by -Swain & Adeny. Traversing a passage under the windows of the building, we have the wares of Mayer upon our right hand, and are presently introduced, upon the left, to further specimens of the Staffordshire china, cmS wSe!^ from various manufacturers. The painted and bisque Bisque. ware of Pratt ; the Parian vases, in blue and white, Parian vases, of BooTE ; examples of majolica ware, for garden Majolica uses, as vases and seats, (to be found upon the tables on our right,) and an almost endless variety of other earthenwares, pass under our eye. The sight of a table, laid with plates and dishes, naturally suggests a feast ; and it happens — we do not charge the Superintendent of this department with having prac- tised an intentional piece of waggery — for we say, it happens, that at the end of the table, among china and s:lass ware, we have the tokens of a feast before Tokens of a , . fenst. us 1 . A very tempting array of pickles, prepared by Feast of London, have, somehow, strayed from their proper court, and present themselves here. The numerous and beintifnl manufactures of 6* 130 A DAY IN THE Splendid dessert set, Encaustic tiles. Minton&co. MiNTON & Co., of Staffordshire, here occupy the large corner upon our left hand ; and, in passing around the court, we find much to admire. The dessert service, in porcelain and parian — so tempt- ingly displayed in the centre, and already sold — is similar to one exhibited at the London Crystal Palace — purchased, by the Queen, for a thousand guineas, and presented to the Emperor of Austria. The encaustic tiles, of which so many beautiful specimens may here be seen, are peculiarly the pro- ductions of this house. They are designed for orna- mental floors, in churches and other buildings. The designs are painted, with mineral colours, upon the moulded but yet unbaked clay, and the tiles are then burnt to the hardness of stone. The china or ena- mel tablets, for displaying the names of streets and the numbers of houses, which are here exhibited, are the best devices of the kind within our know- ledge. The girders of this gallery are hung with various specimens of fine carpeting and drugget, presenting good examples of the English tapestries. In a large collection of beautiful china, exhibited by RiDGEWAY,'we note a large and highly ornamental fountain ; and a little further on, a neat toilet-basin upon a pedestal — all of veined stone china. Two of the long tallies, which now stretch before us to the south balcony, are covered profusely with the china of Rose & Co. We notice here an exten- sive variety of pure white, and of decorated pitchers and vases. The view from the south balcony of the Palace, is not of a nature to detain us from our observations within. Our path now lies between the tables of Rose & Co., whose beautiful supper services, at the north end of the table, are worthy of our notice. The next table is covered chiefly with exquisite Street and door tablets, Carpets. Ornaniontal fountain. Eose & Co.'s china ware. South lialcony. Supper Bervices. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 131 works in Parian clay — the contribution of Alderman Parian ware CoPELAXD of London, to whose taste and enterprise copeiand. the introduction of this admirable material for artis- tic pottery into general use is due. Mr. CopELAXD has added a new power to art, and a new delight to its admirers, by his exquisite pro- ductions in this line. The colour of the Parian clay Panan clay is beautifully adapted to statuary, and its softness of tone surpasses that of the finest marble. In Mr. Copeland's collection, around which we must pass with only too much rapidity, are numerous groups Fine grotipg. of figures which challenge our admiration. They are both copies of famous subjects, and originals Copies and from the designs of Foley. The " Ino and Bac-^"^"'^^' chus," is one of the finest of the classical groups. Bacchus. The " Sabrina" of Marshall ; the royal children in Sabrina. the characters of the Four Seasons ; Paul and-Yir- ^yf^ ' children. ginia, and the Prodigal Son, are widely differiug, p^.^^^^^ i so but all beautiful works. So very exquisite is this material for statuettes, that we are loath to see it used for less artistic objects. The Parian bust of Webster, at the north end of Mr. Copeland's tables, Bnst of Webster. will not escape the notice of all admirers of that great statesman — and who are they not ? » We may properly add here a few words as to the mode of Method of producing these beautiful figures. They are not Panan modelled by hand, as most people suppose ; but the clay, in a fluid state, is cast into plaster-of-Paris moulds. These absorb the water from the Parian, and the clay shrinks greatly in drying ; so that when it comes out of the mould, it is one-fourth less in Cast in moulds. size than the mould itself. This is a source of great difficulty in the manufacture of Parian ; and when Difficulties, this is controlled, the burning, or "firing," as it is called, exposes the figure to further risks of injury or ruin — escaping which, it is certainly one of the most ijlrasing" forms of art. 132 A DAT IN THE GALLERY C, GERMANY AND FRANCE. y^SSMANT. Amazon In silver. Jewellery. Flower of brilliants and rubies. Brashes. Immense Tariety of articles. Surgical instruments. At the very point where we finished our review ! of the British Gallery, we commence that of the 1 German Gallery ; and the first object that presents ; itself to our notice is a model, in silver, of the admi- i "able group of the Amazon. ' The popularity of this great work is well attested by the variety of its re- i productions, — of which there are, at least, three i other examples in the Exhibition. Several cases of i fine jewellery are grouped before us, affording good ': exemplifications of the artistic forms which personal ornaments have now assumed. The most observed, perhaps, of all the works of the jewellers of the Zollverein, is the jewel-flower, exhibited by Hauleck. It is a carnation — the stem and leaves of gold and enamel, and the flower of brilliants and rubies. Leaving these objects on our left, we may notice N a large display of fine brushes before us ; and then, turning back, we pass along the most eastern line i of the German Gallery. The immense variety of the German contributions renders it a difficult mat- j ter to point out enough of them to keep the visitor | free from bewilderment. To mention them all, or even the half of them, would be impossible — unless i we had volumes, w^hen we have only pages, at our cpmmand. "^ A formidable collection of surgical instruments, , ffom WiiNSGHE of Liepsic, stares us full in the face i NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 133 at the beginning of the line, and we stop to wonder that such brilUant and fanciful contrivances are strange associated with ideas and realities from which the bravest shrink appalled. A case of agate and glass Agate and marbles, and all manner of birds' eyes, for taxider- " mists, is in striking contrast to the lancets and tour- niquets just named. If we lift our eyes above the table, we find there a long panorama of zephyr Zephyr worsteds, fancifully arranged in graduated tints, of which there are said to be, in all, fifteen hundred. We presume no one would hesitate to pronounce these the contribution of Berlin. The porcelain ware of the Royal Prussian Factory Porcelain, now claims our notice, and we could not reasonably withhold our admiration fi'om its beautiful examples of industry, directed and embellished by a high style of art. Tlie vases of this collection are superbly Superb decorated, and the paintings on panels are probably not surpassed by any similar works in the Palace. We notice, next, a pair of candlesticks, in polished Agate csncllcsticfc*' agate, followed by a collection of groups and statu- ettes, in white china. A picture, painted on porce- WMte china. lain, representing '' Columbus in sight of land," is a Porcelain very attractive specimen of that class of art objects. ^^^^ ^J^^^^ Bohemian cut garnets, polished agate ornaments. Agates. ' bronzes, and lace of gold and silver thread, present goM and themselves in succession to our notice. Continuing ^^^^^^ thread. our progress, we presently reach the large collection Pencils and of pencils and coloured crayons of Faber, with ex- amples of the work they will do — wi the hands of a skilful artist ! Passing around this collection, we find gold leaf 2id1;hreada. and bronze colours ; further specimens of gold and silver thread fabrics, and brushes of many kinds. Brushes, Fine wires of steel and brass, are here met with, from two or three contributors. Metallic ornaments Ornaments. for books and fancy boxes, together with crucifixes 134 A DAT IN THE of metal, are displayed bv Erhard ; and beyond these, the products of the gold-beater are set forth in glittering profusion. The German clocks, of which several examplBS here present themselves, would probably be judged unfairly by their outward show. The manufacture of cheap clocks is extensively carried on in Nurem- berg. Proceeding forward, we find scales, mortars, optical instruments, tellurians, an air-gun, apparatus for the cliemist, pharmaceutist and philosopher. Of these we may notice especially the relief globes of Reimer, for the use of the blind, and the numerous philosophical instruments of Luhm6. Straw work and basket-ware in great variety ; artificial flowers ; numerous specimens of the beauti- ful carvings in ivory, and horn, and wood, for which the Germans are famous, line the tables before us upon our left hand, to the southern extremity of the passage. Here we notice a rug of mosaic furs, of which we remarked so beautiful, a specimen in the Canada courts ; and looking upward, we find dis- played many specimens of engraved and coloured glass. The latter is from the extensive works of Count SoLM, at Baruth, and is remarkable for the purity and brilliance of its hues. Many pleasing examples are here seen of the transparent porcelain shades so familiar to us in smaller specimens. These pictures are produced by impressing sheets of fine transparent clay with a sharp die. The proper effect is obtained by holding them against a strong light, either artificial or natural, the thin parts pro- ducing the lights, and the thick parts the shadows of the picture ; and the whole bearing a striking resemblance to mezzotint engravings. Pursuing hence the long line which stretches Great variety, beneath the glass wall of the building, we encounter a multitude of objects, varying in character from Gold leaf. Clocks. Scales, &c. Air-gun. Relief globes. Apparatus. Straw work. Carvings in ivory, &c. Mosaic furs. Coloured glass. Porcelain shades. How made. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 135 paintings on porcelain to pewter toys. Of the Extremes. former, there are some to reward our close inspec- tion. We notice here a large collection of copies of the pictm*es in the Dresden Gallery, painted on Porcelain ovals and oblongs for breast-pins or tablets. Some exquisite carvings by Hanke, should not be over- Carvings. looked. Flower-pots and vases in terra cotta, afford Terra cotta. very good specimens of the application of this mate- rial to fine pottery. The toys of Germany, and almost exclusively of Toys, the Bavarian town of Nuremberg, on the Kanitz, constitute a very large portion of the objects in this gallery. They appear in every shape, and in a great variety of materials. Toys of pewter, toys of iron, toys of wood, toys of glass, toys of papier mache, abound. Their name is legion, and the whole sec- tion seems to be one vast toy shop. For a consider- - able space before us, the room not occupied by toys is filled with samples of cologne, nearly all bearing Eau de the familiar name of Johanx Maria Farina. There are seven different contributors of cologne water under this talismanic name, and they are distin- guished from one another by the street in which they live. Thus we have J. Maria Farina, of Juleck's Platz ; and J. Maria Farina, of George Platz ; and again, J. Maria Farina opposite Juleck's The rival Platz, and J. Maria Farina opposite George Platz. ^ ^^°^^ Among so many claimants to the honour of being ''the original John," it would be, perhaps, difl&cult to decide which is entitled to it. Passing beyond the region of the toys, and the odour of the colognes, we reach the leather manufactures of the Zollverein, Leatiiers. and dressed calfskins, harness, and boots and shoes, present themselves to notice. ^ We spoke unadvisedly just now of passing beyond the region of toys : for even here, before us, is the ^^ ° •' ' Thepnnce greatest of all the toys in the Crystal Palace— of toys! 136 A DAT IN THE Gulliver in Lilliput. Fun for the children. Silks, &c. Books, &c. Cheap paintings. Snuff-boxes. Hooks and eyes. Skull in papier macb^, Light textiles. Hosiery. Gulliver among the Lilliputians ! This amusing work is made in papier mache, by Fleischmann, whose toys at the south end of the gallery we omitted to mention as the best of the whole collec- tion. The nonchalance of GulUver, as his excited captors bind him with their frail cords, or assail him with their needle lances, is well represented, and the work affords a vast amount of amusement to the girls and boys, and to " children of a larger growth." We shall now retrace our steps to the south end, and notice the objects arranged upon the left side of the passage. Silks, ribbons and velvets are fol- lowed by books, cards, papers, vellum ; ornamented papers ; fancy boxes, and illustrated works on art and architecture. This rapid generalization — more than which is not required — brings us to the end of the line, and we pass around into an interior pas- sage, to inspect a display of paintings on copper, tin, canvass, and other material, manufactured, like Peter Pindar's razors, " to sell." They show bright colours, and are not without incidental merit. The snuff-boxes, which are displayed here and elsewhere, form a prominent item in the small manufactures for export of the German artisans. They belong to Nuremberg, as do these little implements which hang beyond them — hooks and eyes. That skull, and those odd-shaped bones, are made of papier mache, and are designed as models for anatomical or physiological study. The principal textile fabrics of the German States are exhibited in the lower courts, but many of the lighter class, and particularly all the wrought or embroidered j[abrics, are to be found in the gallery. Among these we now find ourselves. A large assortment of woollen hosiery is followed by a variety of articles made of the pine-needle wool, which we noticed be- NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 137 low. Beyond these are felt shoes and slippers, which Felt shoes. may he, for aught we know, as comfortable as they seem awkward. » The opposite side of the passage is occupied chiefly by embroideries, laces, and furniture stuffs. The Laces, &c. line opens with velvet and ribbons in considerable Velvets. variety from Crefeld. Some good examples of raised work in Berlin wools are found a little in ad- Berlin wool vance of these ; and those who are on the qui vive ^'^^ for novelties, may observe an embroidered chande- lier ! ' Tbwards the end of the passage, the textile fabrics give place to combs and brushes and look- Combs and , ■' , brushes. mg-glasses and horn spoons. There remains yet one passage of this gallery to be traversed, and it opens to us with a large display cutiery. of scissors, table cutlery, and razors. Muslin cur- curtains. tain fabrics drape the walls, to give place presently to laces, blonds, gimps, and all descriptions of trim- Trimmings. mings by several exhibitors. Parasols of gay colours Parasols, in silks, are followed by laces and embroideries from Embroi- ' "^ denes. PoHL of Saxony, and these, by tambour* and other embroideries from Stecher of Baden. There stands apart from other objects, and not far from before us, a group of theodolites. They Theodolites, are excellent instruments, made by Breithaupt, of Hesse Cassel, and with them we bring oar observa- tions on the German Gallery to a close. A few steps are sufficient to effect our transition from Germany into France in the topography of the Franob. Crystal Palace. We pass around the stairs, and we stand upon the floor of " la belle France." Just be- fore us is a handsome show-case filled with whips whips and and canes, richly mounted with gold and silver and ^^^^^' ivory and pearl. Another case, filled with a large assortment of gloves, reminds us, if indeed we had Gloves. forgotten it, that France supplies the whole fashion- 138 A DAY IN THE [France.] Surgical instruments. Works of art. Aubusson carpet. Its value. Perfumes. Coffee-pots. Masks. Strange mixture. Leather. able world with the daintiest specimens of these articles, of which we shall find numerous contribu- tions in this gallery. The surgical instruments of Liier, are, with per- haps a single exception, the most numerous in va- riety, and the best in the Exhibition. It is difficult to imagine to what special use in surgery every one of so vast a collection of instruments can be applied. Passing behind the cases of Liier, we may inspect some very beautiful objects of art— alto relievos, in what resembles the finest ivory, and also in silver. At this point we have a fine view of a magnificent Aubusson carpet, contributed by Sallandrouse, the head of the renowned Aubusson manufactory. It is of very large dimensions, probably thirty feet square, and covered with a single design, somewhat fanci- fully styled " The Virgin Forest." The colours are very brilliant, and it is unnecessary to say that the work is in the highest degree admirable. It may surprise some to be told that this carpet is valued at $4,500 ! Passing in front of the stairs, we turn again towards Germany, to take note of the French con- tributions in a court upon our left hand. They con- sist chiefly 'Of perfumery and fancy articles, — but among them we shall find bottles for generating carbonated waters, and a new system of coffee-pots. A case of masks displays many varieties, and some of them highly ornamental, for masquerades. As we pass from a hasty inspection of brushes, per- fumery, and medicines, we find some elegant fans, very elaborately worked shirts, and fine kid gloves. The plan we have marked out for our progress through this gallery, conducts us now to the passage on the south border, and along the line of the win- dows. The entire wall-space is occupied by leathers, and the preeminence of the French manufacturers, NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 139 in this line is abundantly illustrated. There is very little, of special interest, upon the tables. Shell and fancy snuff-boxes, alternate with patent water-proof Snuff-boxes. shoes — and these again with needles, and contri- ^^'tent shoes, vances to aid in threading them ! Artificial flowers ^«®^^es. and leaves stand side by side with sabots — wooden Sabots. shoes, used extensively by the peasantry of the French provinces. Lest we should weary of mono- tony, these are followed by the watch-glasses of Watch Bergun & Co., who manufacture the large number of 90,000 per diem. The bright-coloured leathers Varnished of Deadde, and of Gauthier, attract our notice by their contrast with the black leathers which stretch along, upon both sides of them. A variety of architectural ornaments, made in stone-mastic, and designed for interior or exterior stone-mastic ornaments. decoration, are contributed by Heiligenthal of Stras- bourg. They are both handsome and durable, and are made by pressing the mastic into moulds, with heavy weights, to expel the moisture it contains. Yarious descriptions of vessels, made in stone china, stone cMua. or porcelain dure, are found here. Returning, upon the other side of the passage, we notice an extensive and elegant display of decorated porcelain, from Hoche & Pepin-Lehalleur of Yierzon. The French department presents so many and such brilliant spe- cimens of ornamented porcelain, that the vocabulary Porcelain, of descriptive words is in danger of being exhausted. A vast amount of time, and labour, and taste, and artistic skill, is employed in this elegant department of decorative art. With the unrivalled productions of the Sevres manufactories in the first rank, the porcelains of France may well challenge those of all other countries to match them. Articles of wearing apparel next meet our obser- Wearing apparel. vation ; and, although the felt hats are of fine qual- ity, — the straw bonnets of graceful shapes, — and 140 A DAY IN THE Wearing apparel. Pressing on. Bisque ware. Porcelain painting. Haviland's porcelain. French hosiery. Blonds and laces. the heavers, for children, tastefully trimmed, — we find ourselves pressing hastily on in search of something more attractive. Neither the wooden shoes — or ''galoshes" — which follow, nor the fino patent leather boots, and embroidered slippers, will suffice. It is scarcely in that extensive collection of embroideries on muslin, contributed by Mme. Chancerel of Paris, which we now pass around into another passage. Silk buttons are serviceable in their place, — and gloves we must, at times, at least, regard with favour ; but these, in a succession of five or six con- tributions, fail to arrest our steps. On, and still on, Dy a large display of white china, (we linger a moment to inspect the bisque figures connected with it,) and arrive at the extremity of the passage, where we find some pleasing examples of porcelain painting, by Mme. Laurent, on a concave panel, two vases, and a set of plates. Re-ascending the passage, we pass another collection of decorated china — and im- mediately beyond it, reach that of Haviland of Limoges — which is, unquestionably, the finest in the gallery. Its splendid vases, with elaborate and effective paintings, and its magnificent dinner-service of white and shaded crimson — conspicuous among many objects which might well be called elegant — compel us to pay this collection the tribute of a pause. The French haberdashers and hosierers are famous, the world over, for their fabrics, and they do them- selves credit in our Exhibition in numerous instances. We notice, in one case, theatrical " bonnetrice,^^ and "hosiery for disguise." At the extremity of the line, we find a rich display of blond, scarfs, mantil- las, and rich laces ; and, passing around the case, we observe that it is followed by still other specimens, in the same department. A brief advance brings us to a display of window UDholstery, by Griuntgens. NEW YORK CRTSTAL PALACE. 141 of Paris, a beautiful variety of cornices, ornaments, crphoistery. tassels, &c., with all manner of silk and chenille trimmings. The furniture embroideries of Barbat, are rich and well displayed. Something novel may be noticed here — it is an ornamental stool, which serves also as a parlour dog-kennel ! In the interior a novel dog of it is a stuffed terrier, of the tiny variety. We pass, again, the porcelain of Haviland ; and that of Pettevuyt, stretching laterally before us. Porcelain. Going up the passage, we notice a variety of accor- deons ; and, beyond them, the balance pendule^ of Beranger of Paris. This is a novel style of counter Novel scales. scales, combining convenience and accuracy. Some showy examples of metallic embossino; and Embossing in , metal. chasing, next attract our notice ; and beyond these, brilliant designs for shawls, by Hartweck, and a col- Shawi and lection of designs for manufacturers of dress goods, patterns, by QuERU. These are interesting examples of the skill, and tasf e, and expense, required to get up an original pattern for a woven shawl, or a printed cashmere dress. A showy stand is now before us, containing gilt crucifixes, candlesticks, &c., for Catholic churches, Cmcifixes with a large variety of ornamental bronze clocks, furniture, vases, and figures. Before passing around this stand, we must not omit to notice a silvered bronze ewer, after the design of Benvenuto Cellini. The bronzes Bronzes, of Weygand, are upon the opposite side of those of ViLLEMSENS, just uoticcd. They are beautiful ex- amples of castings, from artistic designs. We notice here, a bold and effective bronze relief, by Etex, Fine work in relief. representing the Shipwreck of Medusa. A case of imitation pearls, affords an illustration of the nice imitation and delicate manipulations of Prench artisans. These ornaments are made, by projecting into the interior of very thin spheres of opalescent glass, a solution of fish scales, in ammoniated water — which, when 142 A DAY IN THE Teaching the blind. Jewellery. Value of iron. Philosophical apparatus. Optics. Physics. Surgery. White metal. Glassware of Clichy. dry, coats the inner surface with a pearly lustre. An ingenious pantograph, by Davard, is followed by the embossed printing, music, and maps, for the use of the blind, upon the system of Laas d' Aguen ; and these, by a choice collection of jewellery, manu- factured by R.UDOLPHI of Paris, among which are beautiful imitations of grape clusters. A large col- lection of main-springs, for watches and musical boxes, illustrates the high degree of value which labour imparts to iron. The beautiful philosophical apparatus of France, is now exemplified by several exhibitors. No coun- try in the world surpasses France in appliances for the illustration of the Physical Sciences, and the optical instruments of Le Brun, Nachet, Miband, and Vedv, are all notable for their superior work- manship. . A case of philosophical apparatus, by DuBOscQ-SoLEiL, will attract and reward the atten- tion of the scientific visitor, by the variety and beauty alike of its contents. A splendid display of surgical instruments is here made, by Charriere of Paris. Every conceivable variety of instrument and appliance, from a lancet to a complete set of artificial limbs, would seem to be gathered into this remarkable collection. The white (inoxidable) metal boxes of Chapiseau, closely resemble silver, at a very small part of the cost of the latter metal. We turn now, to inspect the numerous and very beautiful specimens of manufactures from the glass works of Maes, at Clichy. The assortment embraces every known variety of glass-ware, and the examples of decorated glass are particularly attractive. Here are vases, resembling the finest painted porcelain, paper-weights of crystal, with medallion ornaments, portraits, and bas-reliefs in silver ; door-knobs, and finger plates, and daguerreotype glasses, are em. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 143 braced in this large collection. Bronzes, silver-ware, Bronzes, boxes, and cellarets of rosewood, fill up the rest of Ceiiarets. the table, and passing around it, we find, upon the opposite side, a large variety of necessaries, and fur- nished cellarets, of ornamental woods. The space upon our left hand, after passing a bronze bust of Bronzes. Xapoleon III. and a fine candelabra in bronze, as we proceed eastward, is occupied chiefly by the busts of CoRDiER, remarkable for the oddity of their subjects. We encounter Chinese, Africans, and Asiatics, with their characteristic physiogno- dd busts, mies very strongly marked, in the bronzed and gilded metal of which they are composed. A very lars^e and massive vase of silver, in a case by itself, Massive vase ° J J > of silver. and a large display of silver-plate, in a case to the left of it, are the contributions of Odiot of Paris ; and iust to the westward, we find the showy electro- Eiectro- ^ plated ware. plated ware of Christofle. Large vases and baskets, full of beautiful artificial flowers, bespeak their Paris- ian origin, and take the fancy of the multitude. Passing a specimen of the banana plant, we com- Banana, plete our observations on the French department, and emerge from the building, upon the west bal- West balcony, cony, commanding, when the weather is fine, a most charming view of the noble Hudson, and its line of palisade rocks. 144 A DAT IN THE GALLERIES D AND A. SWITZEKLAND, AUSTEIA, ITALY, AND THE UNITED STATES. Union of two galleries. Switzerland Nature of objects. "Watches. Bijouterie. Singing bird. "Watch making cantons. OeneTa. We have united the Galleries, over Divisions D and A, in this chapter, because there is no natural division between them ; the United States occupying a part of the former, and all of the latter. The gallery, strictly over Division D, begins precisely "where our review of the French contributions ends ; the transition, therefore, is an easy one — from France into Switzerland. The industry of Switzerland is chiefly exhibited to us in its ornamental features, such as, fine watches, mathematical instruments, embroidered muslins, silk and straw fabrics, and carved wood. The first objects which present themselves to us, as we re-enter the building, and repass the silver- ware of Odiot, is a small case of exquisite watches and jewellery, from Capt of Geneva. A porte-mon- naie, or pocket-book, containing a small watch, with half-a-dozen separate dials, and a beautiful casket, disclosing a tiny bird, "which, at the touch of a spring, ruffles its plumage, and sings " like a nightingale," are the specialities of this case. We shall see, here- after, many specimens of Swiss watches and fine jewellery, and we may take this occasion to remark that, of the twenty-two Swiss cantons, only four or five of them manufacture watches. Geneva, Neuchatel, Yaud, and the Bernese Jura, monopo- lize this branch of industrial art, and Geneva is, of NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 145 all these, the most famed for its productions in this line. It is estimated that the number of watches Extent of maDoiactare. made annually in these cantons, is not less than 1,200,000, more than half of the whole number man- ufactured annually in the known world. We notice next another famous branch of Swiss Swiss manufactures, in embroidered robes and muslins ™"^ °^* from St. Gall, Switzerland produces more of these excellent cotton fabrics than any other country ; and they are largely represented in the Exhibition. We turn now to the watches of Breitling and Watches, the fine jewellery of Ddtertre, which introduce us to a succession of similar objects ; and among them several examples of the Swiss mathematical instru- Mathematics, ments, which, although highly finished, are yet sold at a lower price than any others in the world. Passing now through an open doorway, we enter an open court, hung around, in part, with the printed Printed cotton fabrics of the Swiss cantons St. Gall and '^° °° ^^^ ^* Zurich. They display great brilliance of colour and beauty of pattern. Here also* we notice the beauti- ful Swiss muslin curtains, embroidered with histori- Lace curtains, cal and fancy subjects. Upon one of them, in the south-west corner, we observe the tomb of Wash- ington. The centre of this court is occupied by the harp- sichord piano-fortes of HiiNi & Hubert of Zurich ; Pianofortes, while beyond them, on the side tables, are leathers. Leathers, fine terra cotta ware, and geometrical models. Terracotta. Switzerland is famous for its object-glasses for tele- Object scopes, of which we find here some superior speci- mens. We turn aside for a moment from Swiss industry, to direct the visitor's attention — while in this court — to the engraved glass in the north-west window Engraved of the building, as a very beautiful example of a windows, new and ornamental process, introduced by Cooper 7 146 A DAY IN THE and Belcher of New Jersey. A mu£F and tippet Greb skin of the beautiful skin of the greb — a rare water-fowl -^will attract the notice of the ladies ; and just Eaw silks. bcjond It, we find specimens of raw and manufac- tured silks. A case of the former, exhibited by FoGLiARDi, and obtained by a new process, is of unrivalled strength, fineness and beauty. The fine Lace goods, lace fabrics and embroideries of Staheli Wild, ter- minate the Swiss department on the line we are pursuing ; and in order to preserve unity in our observations, we turn here to the opposite tables, and find further examples of silks and muslins. Turning a corner, into another passage, we admire More lace and the lacc fabrics and fine Swiss muslins of Gerstle ; muslins. ■, i> , ■ -, t ^ at the end oi which display, we turn to those of BouRRY & d'Ivernois, ou the opposite wall, and notice especially a rich curtain embroidered with a scene from the story of Paul and Yirginia. Wood Beneath these are wood-carvings of exquisite beauty carvings. . ' . and great variety. Tables in carved and in painted wood ; boxes, baskets, knives, spoons, groups of animals and Swiss cottages, attest the ingenuity and taste of the industrious artisans who produce them. The Swiss carvings are said to be wrought princi- pally, during the summer, in the Bernese Alps, and brought in the winter to the lower cantons to be sold. Muslins. Turning the corner once more, we still face the fine lace fabrics and muslins of St. Gall, and notice Canvass. diflerent styles of embroidery canvass. The piece muslins of Reuter, with needle-work points, are beautiful fabrics. Opposite to these we find great straw goods, varieties of the straw braids and straw laces, pure and mixed with hair, in the manufacture of which Extent of forty thousaud persons are constantly employed, manuHictare. •' ^ j f j } chiefly in the cantons of Argovie and Lucerne. The collection of Isler & Otto in the first-named NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 147 canton, and tliat of Hurter & Co. in the latter, Swiss goods. are good examples of the variety and beauty of these fabrics, now so extensively used in the manu- ^ facture of fine bonnets and hats. Beautiful watches, chronometers, and mathemati- Watches and cal instruments extend from the end of this passage to the very point at which we commenced our review of Switzerland. In the magnificent display of watches by Phillippe, Patek & Co., of Geneva, is the smallest of all small watches. It will escape Lmiputian "w a tell notice unless we look closely ; for the outside diameter of its case does not exceed one-third of an inch ! Here we terminate our interesting tour in Switzer- End of land, regretting that time is wanting to allow of more minute observation of its numerous beautiful works. Besides the various courts occupied by Austria in austbia. Division D, upon the floor of the Palace, there is considerable space appropriated to that country in this gallery ; and we find her manufactures separated from those of Switzerland by only an imaginary line. Continuing our advance, we find Austrian leathers, Leathers and furs. furs, horse-hair cloths, and wood-tresses. The latter are braids of fine shreds of white wood, closely Wood-tresses. resembling straw, except in colour, and similarly used for hats. Hitherto we have kept each country to itself in our observations ; but now we are com- pelled (unless we overleap the broad tables upon our left hand) to take Austria and Italy alternately, for they occupy the same tables with no cross pas- sage between them. An unfortunate juxtaposition Compulsory truly ! but one which we cannot avoid. Forward then a step, and Italy reveals to us various mosaics Italy. in wood ; crucifixes and other ivory carvings ; a carvingB. carved bracket and carved flowers, in wood ; table 148 A DAY IN THE Japanned table tops,. Embossed ■work of art. Crucifix. Austrian textile fabrics. Kaw silk. Italian sculptures. Austrian merinoes. Hungarian dresses. Mosaic table cloths. Straw hats. Oil prints. Musical instruments. Phonikon. tops, painted a la Chinois ; marble busts and bronzes. Continuing around the table, we find a singular work in metal, representing the Descent from the Cross, in alto-relievo, with designs in bas- relief around the border. An ivory crucifix and *' the Pope's prayer book" — but why so called, we cannot imagine — are also found here. The scene changes again to Austria, and shawls, vestings, horse-rugs, bareges, muslin de laines, and a large assortment of linens, occupy the tables. The opposite side to which we now turn, displays a beau- tiful and extensive variety of shawls, silks, and silk and woollen fabrics. We must not overlook the fine specimens of raw silk for which Austria has a de- servedly high reputation. Italy, in her turn, shows us a few unimportant objects until we turn into another passage, and find her tablets of marble richly sculptured with flowers in alto-relievo, and a marble bas-relief of the Vir- gin. Once more into Austria, to glance at her bright coloured merinoes and satin-muslins, which overhang a curious collection of characteristic dresses of Hungary. Here is the sheep-skin bunda of formi- dable weight, and gay with multitudinous braids. Then comes the szur, the Hungarian national dress, and this is followed by Hungarian shooting jackets, and some other garments. Two mosaic table-covers of fine cloth are quite unique objects, and Venice straw hats complete the line. We turn to examine the oil prints of Hartingen, specimens of great beauty, and having all the effect of fine paintings. Musical instruments in variety here represent the excellence of this department of Austrian manufac- tures. The brass instruments are particularly nu- merous, and include a new horn, called the Phoni- kon, and a new guitar. An immense display of NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 149 meerschaum pipes, and pipe heads, leaves us no room Austrian to doubt that our Austrian cousins are devoted to the weed. Some curious mechanical toys, and a Curious toys, variety of spun and woven glass ornaments may be spun glass, remarked here. The next section of Italy affords us many objects, but few of them are important. We notice some beautiful straw braids and fine bonnets from Flor- Italian straw T . 1 . n work. ence, and a smgular picture cut out of paper, repre- paper senting King Yictor Emanuel taking the oath to p^^'*'^^- the Constitution. Now, we notice Austrian photographs on paper ; Austrian combs and buttons, artificial flowers, leaves and sprigs, and more examples of the beautiful oil prints on prints. of Hartingen. Opposite to these brilliant mineral colours, geometrical fisrures in wood and crystal, and Geometrical ^ ° ./ J figures. chemical apparatus of glass, occupy the tables. Passing into Italy for the last time, we notice raw silk, various chemical productions, and a large Italian silk, display of fine Genoa pastes, or vermicelli, the bread Genoa pastes. of Italy. In a little while hence, we shall see a case of superb velvets which belong to Italy, but have stray velvets, strayed into the United States section. We men- tion them here to preserve unity, and with them our Italian and Austrian observations come to an end. The rest of the gallery space is occupied by home Unite© contributors, . though we shall occasionally find in- ' - stances in which the goods displayed belong prop- erly to foreign countries, such as silks and velvet, and furs, made up only by our manufacturers and dealers. We enter first a court in which a New York dealer exhibits Chinese and other eastern articles, most of them the characteristic products of Chinese Chinese productions* industry. Here are crape shawls, carved ivory boxes, fabrics of the pine-apple fibre, and quaint 150 A DAY IN THE Mosaic chess board. Ivory 6tatne of Christ. Az toe art Mantillas. Chain of quilts. Leather brackets. Leather by a new process. Manufactures of leather. Harness. old porcelain vases. A chess-board wonderfully in- laid with millions of minute particles of ivory and wood may be found here. Most attractive of all the objects, however, is a beautiful ivory statue of Christ, carved by a Genoese monk, who, the story goes, ex- ecuted the work from inspiration, not being before a sculptor. A small collection of Mexican curiosities is ex- hibited in this section. They consist chiefly of clay images — relics, unquestionably of the Aztecs, and singular illustrations of the plastic arts of that long buried race. The passages which we are now to follow, traverse the north gallery longitudinally. Taking the one upon the left, or west side, and passing a case of rich mantillas, designed and manufactured by Bul- piN, we find ourselves between leather on the one hand, and all descriptions of quilts, counterpanes, and table-covers upon the other. Looking up, we discover carpets and quilts depending from the gir- ders. A quilt, containing 10,000 pieces of silk, or 25,000 pieces of velvet, may be a great work to the fabricant, but it must not detain us in our progress through the Palace. We notice, as we pass on, a novel application of leather to the pro- duction of ornamental brackets and picture-frames. These are made of pressed leather, which, when / varnished, has a very handsome appearance. Specimens of leather, tanned without bark, are exhibited by the patentee of the process. The ex- tremity of the line presents to our notice the manu- factures of leather, in" various beautiful examples. Military equestrian equipments, from St. Louis, and three or four extensive displays of harness, afford convincing proof that our artisans are not to be excelled in these fabrics. In a corner of this section are some stray collections of daguerreotypes, and NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 151 Holographs — as one exhibitor terms pictures taken Soiographa. upon paper instead of metal plates. Passing an extensive display of fine harness, made More harneBs. by McFarland, and a case of superior enamelled leathers by Chadwick — both of Newark — we come into the midst of hair work. Wigs, toupees, and Wigs and textambs, stare us in the face ^ and, if we happen ^^^^ to be bald, seem to twit us with our misfortune ! The surgical department of the Exhibition is ex- Surgery, tensive ; but few, we apprehend, will regard it as being attractive. The appliances of this art are too immediately suggestive of physical horror, to be made fascinating, however tricked out in silk and tinsel. We pity, from our hearts, the poor creatures objects of — though they be only wax figures — who stand up ^^'^* in glass cases, bandaged in every possible way, and for every conceivable distortion and fracture — except a broken neck/ We cannot help confessing that the artificial legs of Palmer and Drake are very neat Artificial ones— that the artificial eyes of Gray look very well ' — that the artificial jaw of Chapman seems to oper- ate very like a real one — but we instinctively shrink from all these things. Even the artificial teeth, which we see upon every hand, seem to have a grating sound to our imagination. The wall space, through all this gallery, is hung with multitudinous specimens of worsted work and other embroideries. There are many scores of these, Embroidery, and among them occasional works of real excellence. A picture, entitled " Raphael sketching in the Vati- can," is one example in point. We may notice a case of silk fabrics — ribbons, &c., — from Boston, siik fabrics. These are yet rare products of American industry. We find, beyond these, displays of costly silks and mantillas, made up of foreign materials, and there- fore of little interest as exponents of our national industry. 152 A DAY IX THE Ayictim. Honiton lace. Oil cloths. More quilts. Silver-ware. Gold foil. Bronzes. Gold work. Lunettes. Hair work. Gold pens. Tea service of gold. Cast a glance of compassion at that poor victim of surgical art, who is "bound hand and foot" in Phelps' case. The next passage we traverse conducts us north- ward ; and we pass, on our left hand, beautiful spe- cimens of home-made Honiton point lace ; a branch of manufactures successfully undertaken in this city by Roberts & Co. Then come coach laces, oil- cloths for tables, embroideries in Berlin wools, more quilts, and still more surgical instruments, until we reach the end of the line, where cases of silver-ware and jewellery bar our further progress northward. The opposite side of the passage wo have just traversed, presents to our notice, as we return, numerous contributions of gold leaf and gold foil, principally designed for the dentist's use. Here we find some fine specimens of bronze castings ; a department of manufactures in which we have as yet made no great progress upon this side of the Atlantic. These are exhibited by Gilbert. Gold pens, gold leaf, • and gold lockets, are followed by very excellent lunette watch crystals ; and these by several examples of ornamental jewellery, and of work in hair and gold, displaying much good taste and artistic skill. The gold pen manufactures of this country are almost incredibly extensive, and have several exponents in the Exhibition. Bagley's pens, which are highly esteemed, are here displayed, and just beyond them a showy service of solid Cali- fornia gold. It is a tea service, and consists of twenty- nine pieces, arranged upon a chaste and beautiful plateau of silver. Tliis work is the contribution of Ball, Black & Co. It is valued at $15,000 — a very large sum to be invested in gold cups and saucers ; which, although exhibiting a neat design — an em- bossed vine wreath — are all exact duplicates of each NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE, 153 other. The great defect of many of the costly Lack of art works of the gold and silver-smiths represented in sSver ware, the Exhibition, is an almost total lack of artistic beauty. Vessels of gold and silver, as well as of porcelain, should exhibit variety and purity of design, or their very richness of material becomes distasteful. We pass on to inspect the plate of Tiffany & Co. ornament It embraces two extensive chests of silver ; the " Collins service" of fine gold ; a chaste silver toilet set ; and in the farther corner, a variety of magnifi- cent ornaments in diamonds and in pearls. Marchand & Co. make a brilliant display, just beyond, of superb ornaments, chiefly of diamonds. Diamonds. The beauty and variety of American jewellery at the American Exhibition, justly excite the admiration of all. It ""^^^ ^^^' is one of many proofs to be found within the Crystal Palace, that it is not in the utilitarian arts alone # that we are beginning to rival the productions of the Old World. Upon the staircase descending from this point, we may observe an elegant Aubusson carpet ; and, Aubusson finally, m this section, our notice is attracted to a magnificent display of manufactured and unmanu- factured furs, exhibited by Lasak. A huge polar Fine furs, bear plays sentinel in the midst of this collection. Polar bear. We turn now, and retrace our steps till we reach a small case near the edge of the gallery, in which are displayed various curiosities of art a/id labour. Curiosities, among which is a veiled Cupid in miniature, wrought Yeiied Cupid. in fine marble, the veil closely resembling natural lace. Numerous antique rings, with historical li7ihs Quaint rings. to the remote past, are also embraced in the collec- tion ; and the case is surmounted by a model of the Cathedral of famous Gothic cathedral at Rheims. These objects belong to Mr. Moon, of the Studio Curioso. A set of chess figures in solid gold and silver are 7* 154 A DAY IN THE Silver-ware from Boston. Webster vase. Harvey plate. Philadelphia silver-ware. Umbrellas. Fishing tackle. Fancy work. Confections, toys and taxidermy. Boding Owls. found here, as neat examples of the goldsmith's art. Silver and silver-plated ware, from various manufac- turers, occupy the whole extent of the passage, ter- minating with the case of Jones, Ball & Co. of Boston, whose works are remarkable for their chaste style, and for their substantial workmanship. They include the vase presented to Daniel Webster by the citizens of Boston, and the plate which Mr. Web- ster ordered to be prepared for Peter Harvey, inscribed with the very words of the direction itself. Bailey & Co., of Philadelphia, represent most credit- ably the silversmith's art in that city of acknow- ledged taste. Their ornamental shell castor is a novel and pleasing device. A line of tables, stretching off to the north, now invite our notice, and we turn to them to observe the handsome umbrellas of Smith ; fishing-tackle, in great variety, are displayed along the wall, almost every description of fancy handiwork, in wax, hair, shell, worsteds, pearls, and glass. Of these, a very large number are the work of a single contributor — Mrs. Reed. Passing around the end of this line, we arrive in the midst of a gay and sparkling court, where the taxidermist, the confectioner, and the toy-maker, have vied with each other, to make the most impos- ing display. Going down the narrow passage which first opens to us, we find, on the right hand, bird- cages, confections, toys, and shell-work, and upon the other, Bell's beautiful specimens of preserved birds and animals. On the right hand again, fans, and feathers, and flowers ; and upon the other, stuffed animals, by Hurst, and a collection of many varieties of owls, by Bode ; the latter, recalling irre- sistibly to memory, the question of the poet — " What hodes the owVs shrill note That frights me from my sleep 1" NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 155 Mme, CivATTE exhibits some beautiful artificial flowers, and a very curious rose docJc^ with odd a rose clock, devices. There lies on the table, near by, a rude sketch, in rirstsketchof ' •" 'the London pencil, wnich, upon examination, appears to be Sir Crystal Joseph Paxtou's first shadowing forth of his great work — The London Crystal Palace. It is a singular illustration of the old_proverb — "Great ends from small beginnings rise !" A piece of the old ship "Mayflower," closely Piece of the resembling a wasp's deserted nest, carries us back *^ ^'^^^' to Plymouth Rock in 1 620. Some of the ''Eyeless fish," from the Mammoth Eyeless fish Cave of Kentucky, are exhibited near by, and seem Mammoth to teach us that the Creator makes nothing in vain, ^*^®" and where eyes would be of no use, withholds the organ of vision. The odour of Bazin's perfumery steals upon us Penumery, , V , • J I • 1 X ii hair-dves and as we pass up the court, amid hair-dyes, tooth-pow- knick-knacks, ders, and knick-knacks of various kinds, with fur- ther glimpses of the taxidermist's handiwork, upon our left. As we turn another point in our pro- gress, we find ourselves (if not tempted to the bal- cony) in front of a curious piece of work, to wit : a model, or representation of Greenwich street, in a street in New York, made in confectioner's paste ! The " scavenger's cart is certainly a queer subject to be done in sugar ! Birds and butterflies also, of gay sugar bird*, plumage, are sweet examples of the confectioner's skill. Passing directly along the passage, southward, we may notice the beautiful mosaic panels of Yolkert, Mosaic panels. and if our mouths water for the cakes and confec- tions below them and around us, let us pass reso- lutely on, on — by the chocolate-tree with very bright ^^^^^^ fruit, by the gay little party of dolls, all dressed in 156 A DAY IN THE Ivory -work. Baby- jumpers. Mother-of- pearl goods. Ivory combs. Turned ivory. Class XX. Wearing apparel. Show-cases. Grief for the street. Choice clothing. Washington monument. Tribute to Washington. their best, and by a vai'iety of objects, in ivory and bucks-horn, displayed by Kohde ; on still, by Tut- tle's case of " baby-jumpers," and then, along the line of objects, stretching to the centre of the Palace. Here are beautiful objects, made of mother-of-pearl, in Philadelphia, by IIart & Co. ; the fine ivory combs of Fexx, (upon the right hand,) with a ftmci- ful display of Lilliputian combs, and the various beautiful articles of turned ivory by Shardlow. All these, and a dozen other truly tasteful and elegant displays of miscellaneous articles, attest the skill of our metropohtan artisans. A very large number of exhibitors represent Class xx. of the Official Cata- logue, which, under the comprehensive title of " wearing apparel," covers half the gallery we are now in. Boots and shoes, radiant with varnish, and slippers, gay with crimson-blue and gold embroideries on cloth, satin, and morocco, are everywhere dis- played. The elegance of the show-cases in this sec- tion, has much to do with the general effect. Here, a pyramid of boots and shoes, shoots up to an apex crowned with an eagle, and close by it, a bloom- ing widow clad in weeds revolves in a crystal case, to display the beautiful mourning she wears ! We find, at the end of this hue, and a few steps beyond the excellent ready-made clothing of Munroe & Co., a model of the great national monumgit to Washington, now being erected at the Cap- itol. It is placed here by the consent of the As- sociation, and at each corner of it, is a crystal box, into which visitors may put their contribu- tions, be they ever so small, to aid in building this monument, more to our own national honour, than to the honour of the already immortal Wash- ington. - After paying our tribute, we continue our exami- Ttiition of the goods displayed in the north gallery. NEW YOllK CRYSTAL PALACE. 157 entering a passage, just beyond the show-case and show and shoe-case of Frothingham & Co., which conducts us between hats and bonnets, from a number of Hats and bonnets. manufacturers, all of them aiming to display the newest modes in the most attractive manner. Mili- tary hats, children's hats, and gay bonnets, present a long succession to the eye. Beyond these, we find ourselves in the reo;ion of perfumerv and soap, of The region , " of soap. which commodities there is certainly no lack in the Palace. Soap rises in pyramids and columns, like monuments in a cemetery. The most unique exhi- bition of it, however, is made, by Taylor & Co. of ^ Philadelphia, in the form of a soap window, bearing soap window, a deceptive resemblance to stained glass. The next passage discloses to our notice, upon the right hand side, an extensive variety of hats from Hats. Leary, and Knox, and other makers of New York, and from Oakford of Philadelphia, and alternat- ing with these, boots and shoes in too great a va- Boots and riety to be particularized. The same description of ^^^^^' articles present themselves to us as we return on the other side of the passage. A collection of articles made by the children con- Articles nected with the Pennsylvania Institution for the blind Blind is found upon this line, followed by some ex- cellent specimens of shell and horn combs, by two Sheii combs, or three makers. An index to a most important and extensive branch of industry is offered us in a case of shoe-pegs^insignificant articles in them- shoe-pegs. selves, but becoming of importance by the extent of their manufacture and use. We pass now into an open court at the extremity of the G-allery, occupied by the few fflass and earth- ^^ass and ° -^ ' ^ "^ ^ earthenware. enware manufactures represented in the United States department of the Exhibition. The centre of the court contains a beautiful display of what is called "patent flint enamelled ware," made by the Flint-ware. 158 A DAY IN THE Haueliwout and Dailey's decorated porcelain. Pottery. United States Pottery Co. in Yermont. It is a species of ware particularly well adapted to domes- tic uses, on account of its great strength. The wares exhibited are vases, basins, pitchers, and in- deed almost all descriptions of household utensils. Upon the left we find the beautiful porcelain of Haughwout, Dailey & Co. of New York. This is exhibited as affording examples of gilding and paint- ing executed at home, and not as American ware, that being imported from France in the plain state. This house is, we believe, the only one in the coun- try which has entered largely into the decoration of china. They employ a hundred persons in this beautiful art, and their examples are remarkably beautiful both in design and exilcution. Watch-glasses of every variety are displayed by Berger & Walter, and a collection of painted china and door-knobs by Cartledge. The cut glass of the Brooklyn Glass Company presents an exquisite appearance, both from the purity of the material employed and the chaste ele- gance of the style of cutting. The droptric lenses exhibited by this Company are remarkably excellent. We turn now to inspect the extensive variety of glass-ware displayed by the New England Glass Company, the largest glass manufacturing establish- ment in the United States. It embraces pressed, fine cut, engraved, and fancy ware. Among the latter, are globes and vases, which have the appear- ance of solid and brilliant silver. ' This beautiful effect is produced by diffusing between two surfaces of glass a solution of silver, which adheres to the glass and retains the fresh colour of the metal. By using coloured mediums, brilliant hues are imparted to the glass, and they have all the effect of genuinely coloured glass. Glass-ware. Specimens of excellent glass-ware, with some ex- Watch-glasses. China knobs. Brooklyn cut !llah.«. Droptric lenses. New Enpland Company's glass-ware. Silvering glass. J 1 NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 159 , amples of decorated porcelain, are exhibited by Porcelain. Stouvenel & Co. We notice, as we proceed along , the only remaining passage in this gallery, a novel i style of putting up " extracts" for perfuming hand- j kerchiefs. Yery small and thin glass cylinders, hold- j ing only a drop or two, are filled with the essence, perfSJ^es. I and when it is required for use, the bottle is crushed j by the fingers in the handkerchief. The original aroma of the essence is thus obtained. We observe | here a jointed mosquito frame of wire, which is an Mosquito '. admirable contrivance. One large enough to pro- tect a bed may be folded into a small compass. Small manufactures appear in abundance as we smaii wares, prov^eed along the passage. Sand-papers, buttons, ' W'/OQ en-boxes, and wash-boards alternate with each other, and with clothing apparel, the latter so abun- Clothing. | dantly displayed, that we may reasonably consider \ the gallery a grand furnishing magazine ! Rohes de ' chambre, shirts,- hosiery, silk dresses, and mantillas, now follow each other. Far above them, we may notice window-shades in every variety of pattern. shades.^' \ The horological cradle, to be found here, will not Seif-rocking ' fail to attract the attention of all who know the "^ difficulty of getting the baby to sleep, and the ] patient devotion to the rocker which it demands, ] This ingenious machine rocks itself, and ticks a ' soothing ''lullaby" to the little "incumbent." Luiiaby. ' Now we pass cedar-ware, of all descriptions ; and Cedar-ware, the little folks will certainly stop to adinire the i miniature carriage and horse displayed by Rock- ' WELL. If they should express a desire to have one ; of his handsome rocking-horses, we should not blame Rocking ° horses. i them. j We now arrive at that portion of the gallery ] devoted to the Agricultural Department — one of Agbicul- i the largest, and, estimated by its relations to our Depakt- i daily wants, one of the most important, in the Exhi- ^ ' - ■ 160 A DAY IN THE Class ix. Numerous exhibitors. Pwuggles & Co.' a farm and dairy implements. An old plough. A vacuum pump. Allen & Ck).'! implements. Mammoth reaping -uid mowing machines. bition. Class ix. of the Official Catalogue numbers over a hundred exhibitors, and their contributions extend over a large amount of space. We cannot examine them in detail, nor would they indeed possess sufficient interest to the general visitor to warrant us in so doing. We must do their earnest, ingenious, and diligent inventors and makers the justice to give them a general review. We commence, then, at the nume- rous implements exhibited by Ruggles & Co. of Boston, and find ourselves surrounded on one side by ploughs, and on the other by dairy and household contrivances. A churn, or a sausage-stufifer, or an apple-parer, may seem a small affair to the multitude, but ask the housewife if they are not important appliances ! Among the ploughs, with glittering shares and polished handles, we note one in strange contrast — a venerable antique, dating back to 1742, and said to have belonged to Roger Sherman. How eloquent it is, with its rusty blade and worm-eaten frame, of the past I We must not fail to notice, beyond this, a pump, which may be called a vacuum-chamber pump — a very simple and admirable contrivance for agricul- tural purposes. But we pass on, by a butter-working table, and by corn-shellers, into the midst of another large dis- play, by Allen of New York — embracing all sorts of useful farm and house contrivances. A long court now stretches before us, one side of which is occupied by a succession of mammoth machines, for reaping and mowing. There are, we believe, ten of these, all differing so much in some important particular, that letters patent have been granted to them all. We do not propose to deter- mine their merits, but we cannot pass, without recognition, the now world-renowned machine of NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE, 16? McCoRMicK — the G:reat Illinois reaper, which opened The wonder ,, . ,, T 1 V, ,1 . of John Bull. the eyes oi our excellent neighbour, John J3ull, to the genius and energy of Yankee farmers. Of this admirable machine, not fewer than 7000 have been made in Chicago within seven years. The other side of this court exhibits all manner of domestic and Extensive field contrivances, — from a coffee-roaster to a flour- articles. mill. We may inspect bee-hives, of new construction. Bee-hives, particularly that of Phelps ; (and if we are inclined to see the industrious little creatures at work in this working excellent bee-house, we have only to ascend a plat- form and be gratified;) and we may turn the handles of machines to pare apples, to churn butter, to cut vegetables, or to grind paint. The end of the passage brings us among threshing Threshing and harvesting machines — great labour-saving con- trivances ; and an uncouth and formidable looking Rotary spade, implement called a rotary spade. A prairie plough we find to exhibit many points Prairie of difference to those we are accustomed to see used in our lighter soil. A fire-escape ladder appears Fire-escape, here, though with what immediate relationship to agricultural implements we are unable to tell. Pass- ing rapidly forward, we find a model of a lever gate. Lever gate, which rises as the car or wagon approaches, and falls again when it has passed through. ''The Golden The Gouien Harvester " has a promising name, and, in the model exhibited, seems to be really an eflBcient machine for gathering in a harvest. At this point, some iron iron ploughs, ploughs appear, which are much esteemed- where they have been tried ; and turning around them, we find ourselves in the region of garden and light field Garden tools, tools, of all descriptions. Of these, the Tattle Manufacturing Company makes a fine du^play — pass- ing which, we linger awhile at a case containing a great variety of fine models of fruits, prepared by Fruit models. Mr. Glover, as specimens for horticulturists. The V62 A DAY IN THE collection is remarkably interesting, as presenting Various field fac-slmiles of the varieties raised by the exhibitor. implements. '' Shovels, spades, scythes, reaping-hooks, hoes, and rakes, appear in great variety to the end of the jassage, where we launch into a wilderness of ma- chines, the particular merits and purposes of which we may reasonably leave the visitor to gather from the placards and hand-bills affixed to nearly all of them. Surrounded by these multitudinous implements for the field and for the barn, we find another instru- ment bearing no relationship whatever to its associ- Church organ atcs. It is a church oroan, of no very grand and on a new o ' j a principle. imposiug appearance, but one which every day pours out tones of deep, impressive, and delicious melody — of such volume, moreover, that we wonder how so small an instrument can discourse so powerfiilly. Tlie organ was built by GEMiiNDER of Massachu- setts, and exhibits some novelty of principle. It has a wind-chest extending the whole length of the organ, with an air-chamber for every stop, and every pipe in direct connection with the chest. The result of this construction is, increased power and prompt- ness of utterance, and easy action of the wind. The present is a favourable occasion to notice stained glass, the stained-glass windows of Hannixgton of New York, which are displayed against the north side of the gallery. They are excellent examples, in design and colour. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 163 THE PICTURE GALLERY. The rapid increase in the number of applications Picture for space in -the Crystal Palace, during the early the Machine spring, indicated the probability that its original dimensions would be unequal to the demand. It was therefore resolved to erect an additional build- ing — the lower part of which is occupied by the machinery, and the upper part is the Picture Gal- lery, to the entrance of which our examination of the agricultural implements has finally conducted us. Entering the gallery at the right hand of the organ, Entrance. we stand at nearly the centre of its length, which is 450 feet. The width of the hall being only 21 feet, its length ,1. , 1 ii • -i T 1 and breadth. this extreme length gives it an exceedingly narrow appearance. It is, however, well adapted to the purpose for which it was constructed. The Official Catalogue of Pictures contains 685 Number of numbers. More than a hundred other pictures are ^^^^ "^^" distributed through the courts of the Palace, the greater number of which have been rejected by the Director of the Gallery as unworthy of a place upon ^Jt^ure^ the walls. It would be too much to suppose, that, of the large number accepted, there are not many others which a severe standard of judgment would have excluded. Seven hundred pictures, of absolute merit, are not easily collected together at a brief warning ; and none need expect to find the collec- tion, in the Crystal Palace, -exempt from the fate of 164 A DAY IN THE Mixed character. Official Catalogue. How the pictures are numbered. Double numbers explained. Absence of American paintings. To be regretted. German and Dutch pictures. all voluntary exhibitions — which is to be composed of works "good, bad, and indifferent." The visitor will not need the aid of our guide- book, in the gallery, as much as he did in the main edifice. The objects which it contains are all promi- nently displayed before the eye ; and, moreover, the Official Catalogue of Paintings gives, in nearly all cases, the information concerning each picture which the visitor really needs to know. We shall not, therefore, enter into details in this part of our re- view. The pictures are distinctly numbered, in the order in which they are hung upon the walls — be- ginning at the centre of the gallery, and continuing completely around it, on the left hand. A few of the pictures have two numbers upon them, the gallery number, and the national, or serial number, under which they came to the Exhibition. This should have been avoided by the removal of the latter marks ; but the visitor need not be seri- ously embarrassed by their presence, if he will only note the distinction between them and the gallery numbers, which is broadly marked. The general absence of American pictures, is the subject of much surprise and remark — scarcely more than thirty* , appearing upon the walls. Indeed, our principal painters have, with very rare excep- tions, contributed no works to the gallery. Why this is the case, we cannot well explain, and we cer- tainly regret that they have left the field almost entirely to foreign exhibitors. The German and Dutch artists are by far the most numerous expositors, sending, together, nearly one-half of the entire collection. It is worthy of men- tion, perhaps, that their contributions are equal in * Not including the water-colour sketches, numbered separately at the end of the Official Catalogue. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 165 number, Germany sending 150, and Holland 141 Number of ^-, iiir.T-1 i'lj^ contributions pictures. ^ Of the other half, France contributes from diiferent about 100, Italy nearly 80, Great Britain over 50, ^^"" "^^" and Belgium about 30. A few pictures from Switzer- land and Austria, and a collection of old paintings, oid paintings, contributed to the gallery, by Mr. Cristadoro of New York, and the water-colour sketches from the New Water York Water-Colour Society complete the catalogue. There are nearly seventy pictures from the Diisseldorf i>"sseidorf '' "^ ^ pictures. artists, a body of painters standing in the front ranks of modern art. To particularize the works of these, and other principal artists represented in the gallery, would require an amount of space not at our command. The picture, catalogued as No. 314, and found at the point of exit from the gallery, is claimed to be a genuine Carlo Dolci, and will, of course, be an ^ Carlo object of great interest to every one. Of the other reputed originals from the great masters of another ^ q^^^^q age, there is a Guido Reni, No. 144 ; an exceedingly ^'■^^^• doubtful, if not impossible, Murillo, No. 649 ; a muSio!^"^ Correggio, (on parchment,) No. 349 ; and a second ACorreggio. Guido Reni, No. 653. The fine picture, at the Another north extremity of the gallery. No. 190, will be found worthy of close attention. It represents " The Return of -i-» T» /-( Eegulus. Return of Regulus to Carthage," and is rather a recent acquisition, displacino- a work called "The The Deluge ' i o removed. Deluge," now to be found upon the landing of the stair-way by which we approached the gallery. There, also, may be found a large painting. No. 651 of the Catalogue. No. 8, painted by Winterhal- ter, is a contribution from the Queen of England, Picture from and embraces portraits of herself. Prince Albert, the victoria. Duke of Wellington, and his god-son. Prince Arthur. No. 212 is a picture of mosaic stone, the only a picture of / . mosaic stone. example of the kind m the gallery. More than this concerning the paintings, it is, perhaps, impossible to say, without instituting comparisons that would 166 A DAY IN THE Character of the pictures collectively. Bank-note engraving. Beautiful Diedai lions in plaster. End of the gallery. Choice coins and medals. Large picture from France. Another. Engravings. Illjiminated cartoons. be regarded as invidious. The taste and judgment of the visitor will be called into exercise, as the pic- tures come successively to his notice. Whatever might be the verdict of a severe critical judgment upon the merits of the entire collection, it is cer- tainly deserving of careful and repeated examina- tion, and every successive visit will reveal to us new beauties and excellencies in not a few of the works. There are some excellent specimens of bank-note engraving, displayed on the west wall, in the centre of the gallery. Here, also, are some admirable me- dallions, modelled in plaster, by Jones. They are four in number, representing Clay, Webster, Bishop Hughes, and T. Addison Richards, Secretary of the National Academy — all portraits from the life, and of wonderful fidelity. In departing from the Picture Gallery, we may, by descending the northern stair-way, inspect there, a large collection of coins and medals, which was made by the late Count Pineasco, of the city of Mexico, who left, it is said, at his death, art-property to the value of a million and a half of dollars. Over these is displayed a large picture, by Etex of Paris, which he calls, in characteristic French phrase, " La gloire des EtaU UnisJ^ It is not yet embraced in the Offcial Catalogue — as is the case with several other French pictures, all of which have just arrived as. these pages are going to press. Another of these, by Etex, represents " Christ preaching at the Lake of Genesareth." Further down the stairs, we shall find a collection of steel and wood engravings, exhibited by Putnam & Co. as examples of American art. Nor must we overlook twenty-eight exquisite cartoons, executed by a lady of New York, in the illuminated missal style. They are portions of the Psalms. We proceed, now, through the Machine Arcade to the Cabinet of Minerals. NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE, 107 THE MINEEALOGICAL CABINET. The contributions embraced in Class i. of the Mmeraiogicai Official Catalogue, are exhibited in a spacious room, attached to the main building, at the southern extremity of the Machine Arcade. They were arranged under the direction of Professor Benjamin Arranged by SiLLiMAN, Jun., to whom the Association confided silliman. the control of the Mining, Mineral, and Chemical . Departments of the Exhibition. The Catalogue of this department, recently pub- lished, under his direction, is so simply and judi- Jts catalogue ciously arranged, as to form, in itself, a satisfactory guide, guide to the visitor. The specimens of native ores, from all parts of Native ores, the United States, are exceedingly numerous, and ^'^^^^'^^s® • are ranged, in geographical order, upon the sides of the Cabinet — commencing with ]^ew England, on the south side, and terminating with California, upon the north side pf the Cabinet. These are followed by the minerals and fossils of England and Germany. English •^ '' fossils. The fossil remains in the Blue Lias, and various ^ ., Fossil rem aina sections of ammonites from England, are very beau- J" t^e Blue tiful. There are, also, German fossils of the Solen- ^ ' ' German hofen slate, remarkable for their variety and beauty, fossils. In the cases which occupy the centre of the Cabi- central cases, net, the rarer minerals of the United States and of foreign countries are displayed. Many of these will ^arer gratify the visitor, by their peculiarity and beauty. Here are malachites, with their glittering hues, from Malachites. Africa, and from our own country. Tourmalines, Tourmaiinea. 168 A DAY IN THE CRYSTAL PALACE. Agates, &c. Tose-quartz, agates, garnets, and amethysts abound. Silver ores. The Chilian and Mexican silver ores, will repay our notice, and we must obey the popular will, and linger, especially, at the case in which gold is so lavishly displayed, that, within the grasp of one's arms, there is an amount of it, equal in value to One Hundred Heaps of gold. Thousand Dollars, in ingots, nuggets, and grains ! German series This is principally the gold of California. The Ger- ot minerals. i. l j o man minerals are very numerous, and constitute Curiosities, complete series, arranged with great taste and skill. Among the curiosities of the Cabinet, we find models di.nmonds. of the Celebrated Koh-i-noor and the Great Mogul Fine emerald, diamonds, displayed together with a fine emerald. At the door of the Cabinet, opening into the grounds of the Palace, we find a beautiful specimen spar. of dog-tooth spar, from Weyer's Cave in Virginia. Outside. Passing out at this door, we discover blocks of Coal coal of vast dimensions, and a monument of great lieiu'ht, formed of a series of blocks of the same M.-\ssesof material. Here, also, are huge masses of copper, ore and marble. . i i i i v* i ii- iron, and lead ores, and white and coralline mar- bles, all from American mines and quarries. Hastily as we have inspected the Mineral Cabi- net, we regard it as one of the most attractive features of the Exhibition, and one to which we would gladly devote days instead of moments. Last words. Our task is endedL We have conducted the visitor through all departments of the Crystal Palace, and have endeavoured to make the tour profitable as well as pleasant. That we have said all we should have said, or said all wisely that we have said, it is not in our presumption to imagine, much less to assert. We have, at least, performed our duty, with good will and in good faith. Here, therefore, we make our adieu. c/ -7,A DAY Ei eto fck tf rjstal lake, AND HOW TO MAKE THE MOST OF IT: BEiira ▲ POPULAR COMP/NION TO THE "OFFICIAL CATALOGUE, AND A GUIDE TO ALL THE OBJECTS OF SPECIAL INTEREST IN THE NEW YORK EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS. WILLIAM C. KICHAEDS, A.M., EDITOE OP THE "OFFICIAL CATALOGUE." "But as I slept me mette I was Within a temple ymade of glas, In ■s\'hicli there were mo images Of gold standing "in sundry stages, In mo rich tabernacles, And with perrie mo pinnacles And mo curious portraitures, And qneint manner of figures Of gold work, than I saw ever." Chaw.tr. •4k %%^ i0rli: G. p. PUTNAM & CO., 10 PARK PLACE. M.DCCC.LIII. <:=::^ u::^ Xk G. P. PUTNAM & CO.'S LIST OF NEW WORKS. Now Ready. [In a few days,] THE LOST PRINCE. Facts tending to prove tlie Identity of Louis ^ XVII. of France, and Rev. Eleazer "Williams, Missionary to the Indi- 1 ans. By Rev. J. H. Hanson. 1 vol. 12mo. with portrait. J *** Orders from the trade ■will be supplied in due course, as received. ' PROF. SILLIMAN's NEW WORK. ■ NARRATIVE OF A VISIT TO EUROPE IN 1851. By Peof. B.; SiLLiMAN, Sen., of Yale College. Second Edition. In 2 vols. 12mo. i With Illustrations. Price $2 50. " There is a wealth of instructive thought and a comprehensiveness of remark in these j volumes." — Newhurg Gazette. " His book is a record of facts, and on every hand displays riches of knowledge." — CouT' \ ier d- Enquirer. "The scientific parts, indeed, give it a permanent value." — Albany Transcript. \ •'The work has an exceeding interest" — 2f. Y. Evangelist. \ "This is a narrative of travel among classical scenes by a classical scholar. We canj assure our readers that the time spent in perusing the two volumes issued by such a writer j will yield much real instruction and enjoyment. Prof. Silliman has the merite of the travel- J Ier Stephens ; his descriptions are vivid and minute ; his reflections just and natural." — i SootVs Weekly Philad. " It is characterized by good sense, learning, minute and elaborate statement of facts, l Of course science is a leading object with the author, as in the case of Sir Charles Lyell; but there is abundance of descriptive and statistical information, and we know of no doom which will prove more useful to a European tourist." — Boston Transcript. ^ CITY ARCHITECTURE, or. Designs for Stores, Dwelling-Houses, Ho-| tels. Banks, and other Public and Private Edifices. With Descriptions i and an Essay on the Principles of Design in Architecture. By M. j Field. 1 voL 8vo., cloth, TSCHUDI ON THE ANTIQUITIES OF PERU. Translated fromj the Spanish, by the Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D.D., LL.D. With Illustra- 1 tions on Wood. 1 vol. Bvo., cloth. Price $2 00. ; This remarkable work — the production, in part at least, of a native Peruvian, of Spanish j origin, is now for the first time presented to the English reader. It embodies the latest \ account of Peru, and a more particular description of its ancient architectural remains than ! is to be found elsewhere. Its table of contents presents a most interesting series of topics, i viz. : Eelations between the two hemispheres prior to the discovery by Columbus — Ancient i Inhabitants of Peru — History of Peru, prior to the Spanish Conquest — Governmental Sys- i tem of the Incas — the Quichuan language — Scientific Culture of the Peruvians; their reli- I gious system ; religious ceremonies — State of the Arts among the ancient Peruvians — Ancient i Monuments, &c. &c : THE EXILES. By Talvi, author of " Heloise," (fee. 12mo. cloth. Price $1 00. Second Edition. " It is exceedingly Interesting ; the story is well written, and is sufliciently full of inci- dent to enchain the attention of the reader to the end. Some of the descriptions of scenery are beautifully drawn. We predict for the book a warm reception from the reading public." 1 Hartford Republican. " This ingeniously written tale is designed to present a succession of characters and scenes j illustrative of what forms the general state of things in this country. It is characterized by * grace and spirit, and shows that the writer has been looking at us from various points of '< observation." — Albany Ar-gtts. \ "There is much artistic merit and dramatic skill In ' The Exiles.' The book indicates i remarkable insight and observation, and the story is well written and full of interest."— ; Boston Transcript. Q. P. PUTNAM r rly ^ X .-- o. <^y 1 ^^^ 'O * 'V -> "' ^ < '^ ^ N « J^ .r . = , -,. „- - ,' % 'xJ^ ,^-^ ^*.- '. . -^^ r V -?. ^' ' " f > .W^^' ^>^ •^ ^^^ »\. ^.^^ / "-."' 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