Boole ^2^*^ 
 
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 Ill 
 
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 KU^ 30 m 
 
 This Book is the Property of the 
 
 U.S. COA^' AND GEOD-T-C S. ■ ., 
 
 3J0 m u 3 1 b e carried o n R c o k ! n v e n to ry 
 i; not retL::-ned before v/ie Expiration 
 of the CalGiidar Year. 
 
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 *-» 
 
 >^^6 3o 
 
 
LijouiilXnoiuinij native laiiQ. 
 
 Tliere are 11\csl ..... _..uise llie poel who carisoar in starrij spheres. 
 
 Hr\i cari rnould liis mystic phrases jrorn lt|.e wrecks 0/ otfier years, 
 1 would l\ave my irispiralion fresh frorri nature's operi t\and- 
 
 1 would siri£ a simple sonnet Ihal a child caq ui\ders[and. 
 
 There are those wljo seek in otiier elin]e§ tf|e joys Iheij rrii^ght havekROwr\ 
 Mid Hie rriounfairis and the meadows 0/ the land Iheq call their owri. 
 
 I would seek the shady canyons where a! ai^ht the penile dew 
 Conies [0 Kiss the ''o^e and heliotrope wl\er\ stars are all in vieiv. 
 
 I would walk the verdant vp.lleq where the salt waves wash fhe feet 
 Oj Ihe Wasatch. GaziaS upward where the sky and mountains nieel. 
 
 Filled with awe aad adrniratiori 1 would kneel upon the strand . 
 yind thank heaven [or this picture everi I can ui\derstand. 
 
 1 would stand aniid these niouniains wilh Jheir hueless capso/snov-'. 
 
 Lookin_g down the distant valley stretchin_Q far away below: 
 /lr[d with reverential rapture thank my Maker for this^rar^d. 
 
 Peerless, priceless panorama thai a child can understaiid 
 
LIBUA 
 
 No. 
 
 </ 
 
 u 
 
 TA H 
 
 \ PhtF l.MU A .WOUM Al,N-VVALLhl 
 TREASURY OF THE GODS. 
 
 b > P . D O N A N 
 
 ■V.M IT _ 
 
 A H L A rv tz. . 
 
 Here, wlitsi .r :- C.V-.UIC liiiiL v.: 1 apLuxe evermore 
 
 p., N inf! lilt' !^k ies. 
 
 .^.,.^fe«.-T-''*?''/^-; 
 
■ 'BL7 
 
 Sangre de Cristo, let me trace 
 The beauties of thy furro\x/ed face; 
 While poncha-perfurried summer breeze 
 Makes music in thiqe arboles, 
 
 This Book 13 the Property of the 
 
 ! . S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, 
 
 and mu.t be car-necftn Book Inventory 
 H . ' returned before the Expiration 
 ^f V . ^.alendar Year. 
 
 Copyrlkil It, 18t)l. 1 >>- Cuasiui!^ C. SmltU 
 
 •MMMWJMORTMRUPCO. 
 ■BurrALOrjY, 
 
 ARTISTICt* 
 ENCRAVINO- 
 ■PRINTING' 
 
 rBlNDlNCj-n 
 
^. 
 
 
 INTPxODUCTORY 
 
 TnK I'Oi.i.v oi- Americans who Travkl Ahroad Bki-ork 
 They Have Seen Tiikir Own Country. 
 
 ASTERX newspaper statisticians are proverbially masters 
 of tlie art of inaccuracy, and their so-called statistics are 
 usually to be taken, like dreams or women's whims, by 
 contraries. But they are probably not far wrong in their 
 every-season estimate that a hundred thousand Americans 
 annually make the tour of Europe at an average expense 
 of at least a thousand dollars each. That is a total of a hundred million 
 dollars a year e.xpended by new-world people in familiarizing themselves 
 with old-world scenes, while, as a general thing, they are wholly unac- 
 quainted with the infinitely grander scenes on their own side of the Atlantic 
 ferry. In a single day of the recent season eight huge ocean steamers left 
 New York, bearing nearly three thousand first-cabin passengers for a Euro- 
 pean summer tour. Every steamship that sails during the fashionable 
 outing months goes crowded with these too often ignorant and snobocratic 
 .American voyagers to foreign lands for recreation and pleasure, that could 
 be far more easily and cheaply found at home. How many of them have 
 ever seen the glories ami grandeurs, the beauties antl sublimities of their 
 own matchless land ? How many of them know, how many of them have 
 ever dreamt, that their own — our own — is incomparably the grandest 
 continent on all the globe ? 
 
 There is urgent need of a constitutional amendment prohibiting any 
 untutored .American citizen or citizeness, redolent of pork corners, wheat 
 gouges, stock swindles, and " just-struck-rich-dirt "-inesses, from going 
 abroad to paralyze the cab-tl rivers and coffee-house waiters of effete 
 monarchies with gilded republican airs until he or she has seen and learned 
 something of America. It should require, as an inexorable conilition- 
 precedent for permission to squander .\merican gold and silver in London 
 haberdashers' establishments and Parisian milliners' shops, and to go into 
 
cheap raptures — after careful consultation of the guide-books — over 
 Italian skies and mole-hills, duck-ponds and dilapidated macaroni hash- 
 eries, a certificate from the president ami j^^eneral manager of some such 
 great system of American railway as the Rio dranile Western, Denver eV 
 Rio Grandc\ anil Colorado Midland, that the would-be foreign voyager had 
 visiteil all the wondrous and glorious scenes along their lines. It would be 
 an admirable educational measure. It would give tens of thousands of 
 semi-bogus .\mericans — native-born aliens — some idea of the grandeur of 
 their own country, and prevent tliein from making the lavish displays of 
 ignorance and stupidity with which they now amuse or disgust the first 
 intelligent man or woman they meet after setting foot on European soil. 
 
 It was Byron who, meeting one of these typical American tourists in 
 Florence, eagerly exclaimed : ••Tell me of Niagara Kails I Describe your 
 great cataract to me I " When the American shamefacedly confessed he 
 had never seen the cataractic wonder of the world, the poet abruptly turned 
 
 on Wis heel and left him, denouncing as " a d d fool " any man who, 
 
 without having seen Niagara, would cc^iie from Ameriia to Kuroi)e to sham 
 ecstacv over pigmy mountains and lakes aiul rivers. .\iul the lame author 
 of "Childe Harold " was not too severe. 
 
 The more one sees of our majestic half-world — our continental American 
 republii- — the less patience he must have with those absurd creatures who, 
 everv vear, llock by tens of thousands to other lands, while they have seen 
 nothing and know nothing of their own. Earth lias no other land like ours. 
 Among all the nationalities ami realms of the globe, " Columbia, the Cein 
 of the Ocean," is peerless, unrivaled and unrivalable, unapproached 
 ami unapi^roachable. The grandest empires of the old world, of 
 am ieiil or of modern times, sink to petty provinces beside its vast 
 dimensions. The whole possessions of Rome, wiien her 
 "".'A.. golden eagles spread their wings victorious from the 
 burning sands of .\frica to the misl-clad hills of Calc- 
 ^_ donia. fell short of the immensity of our new-world 
 
 v^tS'-^ ilomain. Russia, vastest of modern sovereignties, 
 could be lost in our half-hemisphere beyond the 
 power of all the buzzards in C'hristcndom to 
 fiml her. France, land of Nai^oleon, at 
 the tread of whose legions but three 
 (piarters of a century ago all 
 
 Europe trembled as if 
 
 taken with a Wabash- 
 
 valley ague, would 
 
 ;■ scarcely overlap the 
 
 single Territory of 
 
 Itah ; while dreat 
 
THE ACROPOLIS OF THE DESERT. 
 
 Britain, whose mornin<i^ drum-beat sounds around the globe, would hartlly 
 make a fly-speck i>n the face of Texas or California. 
 
 Do other lands boast of their great rivers ? We could take up all their 
 \iles and Thameses, tiieir yellow 'Fibers, castleil Rhines and beautiful blue 
 Danubes by their little ends, and empty them into our majestic Mississippis 
 and Missouris, Columbias and Rio Cirandes, Amazons, Saskatchewans and 
 De La Platas without making rise enough to lift an Indiana f^at-boat off a 
 sandbar. Do they brag of their seas and lakes? We could spill all their 
 puny Caspians and Azovs, Nyanzas and Maggiores, into our mighty 
 Superiors, Michigans, Hurons, Kries and Ontarios, and .scarce produce a 
 ripple on their pebbled brims to wash away the eighteen-inch "foot-print on 
 the sands of time" left by the fairy-like slipper of a St. Louis or Chicago 
 girl ; while in any ring, Manpiis of (^ueensbury rules, our Wasatch-walled 
 (ireat Salt Lake could strip the championship belt for mystery antl majesty 
 from their long-famed, Sodom-engulfing, weird Dead Sea. Dt) they prate 
 of their romantic scenery? Wc have a thousand jewel-like lakes that would 
 make all their vaunted ("omos, denevas and Kiltarneys hide their faces in a 
 veil (jf friendly fog. The rolling thunder of our Niagara drowns out the 
 feeble murmur of all their cataracts ; while the awful crags and canyons of 
 our Yellowstone ami ^'()semite, Cunnison. .Arkansas and Colorado ; the pris- 
 matic glitter and dash of our Minnehahas, Shoshones and Ocklawahas ; and 
 the lonely grandeur of our horizon-fenced prairies, boundless oceans of 
 billowy verdure, ihvarf to insipidity the most famous .scenes of Switzerland 
 and Italy, eclipse the wonders and glories of the Arabian Nights, and defy 
 all the skill of poet's pen and artist's pencil to depict the veriest atom of 
 
 8 
 
their sublimity ami their loveliness. Do they prattle about their /Ktnas and 
 Vesuviuses? With our noses turnin.ij somersets of ineffable contempt clear 
 over our heads, we thunder forth our Cotopaxis, Popocatapetis, Chimbora- 
 zos and a score of other jawbreakers whose very names alone are too huge 
 for common ton>jues. (It is true that some of these specimens of national 
 prodigiousness do not just exactly belong to us yet ; but they belong to our 
 next-door neighbors, who are n(Jt as strtMig as we are, antl to the gloriously 
 expansive spirit of ^'ankee progress, where or what is the difference?) Do 
 other lands anil nations talk of their mines of jewels and gold ? We answer 
 with the exhaustless bonanzas of C^alifornia, Coloratlo, Montana, Idaho and 
 Utah, where mountains of gold and silver ore challenge the skies, anil where 
 the ceaseless thunder of liie world's greatest bullion-mills resounds in the 
 vet warm lair of the Rocky Mountain grizzly bear. Do they rave of the 
 harvest fields of Clermany and Britain, and the vine-ckul hills of France ? 
 We show them half a hemisphere, with soils and climates as varied as the 
 , tastes of men, and with capacities for production as boundless as the 
 needs of men ; yielding everything, cereal, vegetable, animal, textile 
 and mineral, agricultural, horticultural, geological, zoological, 
 pomological, piscatorial, and ornithological, ovine, bovine, capri- 
 cornine and equine, that all the wants of all the races, 
 tribes, kindreds and tongues of earth can ever require. The 
 sun in heaven, in all his grand rounds since " the eve- 
 , iiing and the UKjrning were the first day." never looked 
 on a more magnificent domain — a fresh and 
 glorious half-world, grand in all its pro- 
 l)ortions, and endlessly diversified, rich 
 and gorgeous in all its atlornments, resting 
 like a vast emerald breastpin upon the 
 bosom of four great oceans. It is the 
 broadest land ever given to any ])eople, 
 the grandest and most beautiful, the most 
 varied in its productions, and the most 
 unlimited in its capabilities, and its future, 
 ( )ther lands surjiass it only in age and 
 ruins. Time, if we wait long enough, will 
 remedy the tieficiency in age ; and we are already able to 
 show some rather picturesque, though by no means majestic, 
 ruins after every presidential election. 
 
 
THE GARB 0P THE HILLS. 
 
 OO visit the hiUs in the springtime, 
 
 When the little buds burst on the trees, 
 And the perfume of pinon aqd wild flowers 
 
 Is borne on the breath of the breeze. 
 When the rivulets leap fromi the snowlands, 
 
 As down toward the valley they sing, 
 To gladden the rose-laden low-lands — 
 
 Go visit the hills in the spring ! 
 
 And then, when the sunnmier is over, 
 
 And the dead leaves ape strewn o'er the land, 
 When the blossoms have^ropped from the clover, 
 
 A garment niore gorgetJ|s and grand 
 Is worn by the h'lls. Titffeifthe verdure, 
 
 The green and the freshness of spring 
 Have changed — the flowers have faded — 
 
 The song-birds are ceasing to sing, 
 
 But look I in the morn, when the sunlight 
 
 First flashes its rays o'er the range, 
 Ever changing anon till the wan light 
 
 Of evening is on — note each change — 
 Blends the ^'^e and flarne of the oak tree 
 
 W -he aspen so tall ; 
 
 All the radiani rays of the rainbow 
 
 f\re worn bv the hills in the fall. 
 
II. 
 STILL INTRODUCTORY 
 
 A CiKNiii-: I\Ai' A r riiK Too-Prkvalknt Amkruan 
 
 IcXORANCE OF AmF.RICA. 
 
 ALL this niagiiificeiit, more than imj)crial domain, one of 
 the fairest y^arden spots is L'tah. \'es, gentle or ungentle 
 reader, as the case may be, you deciphered it aright — the 
 word is Utah. Vou do not know where it is? That is 
 not surprising. Tliere is notliing of whicii the average 
 intelligent American knows less than he does of the 
 geography of his own country. Utah ? Vou never heard of it e.xcept as a 
 wild, far-awav spot in a dismal wilderness, where every shrub has a cactus 
 thorn and conceals a stinging reptile, and where the very waters heave up 
 brimstone, pitch and ashes — a sort of cross between Mades and the (ireat 
 Sahara, the fitting home of a horile of semi-savage fanatics known as Mor- 
 mons ? Very likely. \'(nir ignorance is not e-vcejitional. Even educated 
 Americans are phenomenal in the profundity and variety of what they do 
 not know in regard to every region and characteristic of their native land 
 bevond the range of their own chimneys' smoke. They laugh at foreigners 
 for mi.xing up New ^'ork and San Francisco, and e.xpecting to find buffaloes 
 and warwhooping Indians in the suburl)s of Ciiuinnati and Chicago : while, 
 in nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of every possible thousaml. they 
 show little greater knowledge than the more excusable blunderers they 
 deritle. 
 
 .At a dinner given in New Orleans, a few years ago. to a haknta man, a 
 ladv prominent in Crescent City society said to the guest of the occasion: 
 "I understand, sir, vou live in Dakota. You probably know a friend of 
 mine, Mr. William Jones, out there ?"" The Dakotan turned to see if slie was 
 not simply .guying him ; but, jH-rceiving that she was in earnest, replied : 
 " In wliat |iart of Dakota, madam, does your accjuaintance live?" " I think." 
 she answered, "in a little jilace called Yankton. Isn't there a town of that 
 name out there?" " \'es, madam." was the grave rejoiniler ; "but are you 
 
f 
 
 
aware that, from my liome on Devil's Lake, Dakota, lo \ankton, where you 
 think your frient.!, Mr. Jones, resides, by the sliortcst travehiljle route, is 
 about eight liundred miles, or just one hundrcil and fiftetii miles less than 
 from New Orleans to Chicago?" The statement, at that time, was abso- 
 lutely true, but the man wiio made it was promptly set tlown by everv guest 
 at the table, as liic worst specimen of wild .»esterii M ur.chaust'nisni thai liad 
 ever appeared in New Orleans. 
 
 So, esteemed nuulam, miss or sir, if ignorance, like misery, i(neil company, 
 you would have abundance of it, even among our most cultivated people. 
 V'our lack of knowledge as to Utah is not unparalleled, but it will hereafter 
 be unpardonable, or this brief dissertation will have failetl in its mission. 
 A few moments of your valuable time and attention and you will kn<jw con- 
 siderably more than you do, and still be just as handsome as you are. 
 
 A theme so vast and varied, so rich and beautiful, appropriately begins a 
 new cliapter. 
 
 ^■^r 
 
 
 "5** 
 
 13 
 
in. 
 UTAH. 
 
 A BrII;I CiKNKKAl. ( ) L' Il.I NK. ( i lit X.kA 11 1 U AI.. ScENIi AM 
 
 Resoukcekui.. <)! A W'oNnKRiri. Rkcion. 
 
 TAH extends Irom 37'' to 42"^" Nortli latitude, aiul Ironi ;^2^' 
 to 37 West longitude, and is an almost exact scjuare, three 
 hundred miles each way. It has an area of 87,750 square 
 s q) miles, or 52,601,600 acres ; of which 2,780 square miles, or 
 1,776,200 acres, are water. It is 11,420 square miles, or 
 7,308,800 acres, larifer than Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 
 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey and 
 Delaware, all combined ; and there is no region of equal area on 
 the g^lobe, tiuit overflows with more abounding and diversified riches of 
 resource and possibility. 
 
 Utah was first settled by a detachment of Mormons, under the leadershij) 
 of Hrijfham \'oun.i;", in July, 1847 ■ 3"*^' there is no stronger argument in 
 favor of the Mormon claim to tliviiie revelations and inspirations, than the 
 fact that they should have been led through nearly three thousand miles of 
 unexplored wilderness, infested at every step by hostile savages, to such a 
 " Land of I'romise," where every promise finds so glorious fulfillment, 
 (iuided by the Jehovah-swayed " [Mllar of cloud by day, and pillar of fire 
 by night," Israel of okl wandered forty years in search of a "promised 
 laiul ■' that would hardly make a cow-lot in I'tah. 
 
 I.ift all New l-.ngland and New N'ork bodily a mile above the level of the 
 sea. Aild five thousand feet to the height of Mount Washington, and seven 
 thousand to that of Mount Mitchell Throw in ilozens of other jieaks fully 
 as high, all lynching holes in the sky with their snowy crowns. Pile up, 
 everywhere, hundreds on hundreds of mountains from ten to fourteen thou- 
 sand feet high. Exaggerate fifty-fold all the wild notches and gorges and 
 glens of eastern America, and multiply them by scores. Send cataracts and 
 cascades leajiing and foaming down a thousand di/.zy precipice channels. 
 Toss in. iiromiscuouslv, parks larger than whole States in the tame, small- 
 
 14 
 
notioned east; anil gardens of giant stauiaiy — statues of gods and genii 
 and gnomes, Titans, Centaurs, and un-named monsters, tiiousands of feel 
 high — hewn by ages on ages of winds and waves and wliirling waters 
 Cap ail the mountain-tops with everlasting ice and snow, and clothe their 
 shaggy sides witli waving forests of valuable timber. Fill all the vallevs to 
 the mountains' fi-el with orchards and gardens, vineyards and grain-fields, 
 bending beneath tlie burdens of their own magnificent fruitage ; and dot the 
 horizon-bounded pasture- lands with flocks and herds, waist-decj) in the verv 
 wantonness of plenty. I'nderlay the whole vast area with gold and silver, 
 zinc, copper, lead anil iron ores; marble of a hundred hues; anthracite, 
 bituminous and cannel coal ; salt. sul|)hur, soila, lime and gypsum ; and 
 nearly every other metal and mineral in human use. 'i'hrough Cfjuntless 
 wondrous canyons, pour mighty rivers with water-power enough to run all 
 the world's machinery. Smite the rock-ribbed laboratories of CJinnipotence. 
 and let unnuifibcred healing floods gush forth, rich in miracle-working virtues 
 for the alleviation of many of the sorest "ills that flesh is heir to." As the 
 dazzling bosom-jewel of the whole transcendent scene, spread out the 
 twenty-five hundred square miles of that majestic and mysterious lake, 
 whose waters hold in solution wealth enough to pay all the national debts 
 of the world, and leave a fortune for every man, w-oman and child from Cajie 
 Cod to \'uba Dam. .Vnil over all throw the glory of a climate unsurpa.ssed 
 under heaven since sin and death climbed into Eden, and the translucent 
 splendor of skies more radiantly sapphirean than ever bent their crystal 
 arches above the far-famed, beggar-hemmed and flea-girt Bay of Naples, or 
 the I-ake of Como, on whose enchanted shores lav the bogus ranch of that 
 glib-tongued bunco-steerer, Claude Melnottt — And — vou have a poor, faint, 
 puny appro.ximation to an idea of I'tah I 
 
 It is a land where mountains of gold and silver ore. that runs from I'lfty 
 to five thousand dollars to the ton, wall in valleys that yield from sixty to 
 eighty bushels of wheat, from seventy-five to a hundred bushels of oats, 
 and from Cwt himdred to nine hundred bushels of potatoes, to the acre. It 
 is a land where every man makes his own rain, and the crops never fail ; 
 where the rewards of industry are as sure as the decrees of God ; where 
 wonder treads on beauty's heels, and riches rush to meet the earnest seeker. 
 Its resources are as boundless as its limits, and as varied as the ever- 
 changing hues that bathe its sunsets in prismatic splendors. Here is 
 Cte-opia indeed I 
 
 What is there lint the imagination of man can conceive, or his eye, heart, 
 soul, stomach or pocket can desire, that LTtah does not yield, or cannot 
 offer? Is it scenery or climate? Is it health or wealth, fertile farms, 
 bonanza mines, or lovely homes? Is it opportunities for profitable invest- 
 ments, or openings for all varieties of labor and of enterjirise ? 
 
 Let a fresh chapter begin the brief replv. 
 
 •5 
 
If- (aiilj:i W (j]g.riJ' 
 
 .Irn ioirig lo painl a piclure willi a pencil of rny owi\; 
 ' I 5^^^1! liavB tio liand {o lielp nie, 1 stiall pairit it all alone: 
 'Oj( I /aucy il ke/ore Tne and iny liopejul tieartjioyvs /aii\l 
 As I conlfimplale Ihe jgraT\deur ojilie piclure 1 would paint. 
 
 Wt\en I rtiyme aiioul the liver. the laufitiinS ''"ipid streain. 
 
 ■Wfjose npples seem to sJiivei as Ihey Jlide aridjlow aiidj[leair\. 
 Of \\[i wavfs Itjal teat Ilie tioulders ll^at are strewn upon ll^e tlrand 
 
 You will recognize Ifie river in tlje Canyon of llie &and. 
 
 Wt\En 1 write aboii| Itie rriountairi& witti ttieir t^eaib so hjflli and]\oar, 
 of ttie cliffs and craggy canyons yi\m \kt waters Tiibli and roar. 
 
 Wl\ea 1 spea>. about Itie walls ttialiise so%h on eittier tjand. 
 You will recognizE \\t TocKwoTKintl\e CanyoR of \\[t Grand, 
 
 God was ,goQd lo mate llie mounlaino, the valleys artdt)]? liilli, 
 Put tiie rose upon the cactus Vie Tipple on tlje rills, 
 
 But ij I t|ad all \\\z v/ords of all % worlds almy corrirnand, 
 1 couldn't paint a picture iif (t|e Canyon oj ti^e Grand 
 

 "^"T ">*^-<'^_*^:^ "^ 
 
 -» -e ^. -^ ^-*— V -'" ^'*^ 
 
 - ^.^ •■- 
 
IV, 
 
 CLIMATE AND HEALTH 
 
 I TAii AS Onk ok tin; World's GkAxnKsr Sanitariums 
 SoMK X()\ 1:1, AM) SiRiKi\(; Facts. 
 
 "We believe it is a duty to live past seventy." — 
 
 grandeur ami loveliness of I 'tab 
 
 scenery have already been touched 
 
 upon, and are so interwoven with its 
 
 mines and meadows, I'lekls, forests, lakes, 
 
 vallevs, and every other feature and interest, 
 
 that they will fmd freciuent nientif)n hereafter. 
 
 It is a tourist's paradise, a true holy land of 
 
 sii^ht-seers and lovers of nature in her sub- 
 
 limest and most entrancing moods, a realm of 
 
 beauty ami a joy forever to the artist soul. 
 
 What of its climate and healthfulness ? 
 
 Climate is not res^ulated by latitude. Ocean cur- 
 rents and altitude are potent factors in it. The 
 snows of untold ages lie umnelteil on the lofty peaks 
 of the Cortlilleras in Me.\ic(^ the Andes in South 
 .\merica. and the Himalayas in Hindostan. Alaska, 
 in the latitmle of Cireenland, has a climate little 
 more rigorous than that of Ohio. Washington and Oregon, in 
 
 iS 
 
llic lalitiuk- of haicl-lio/.L-n MaiiK- and l)lizzardy I )ak()la, wliere il is niid- 
 uiiiur seven nioiUlis of llie year, and very late in the fall the oilier five, 
 bask in the sunny mildness of X'irginia and Carolina ; and California, on the 
 same parallels wit'i Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma, raises oranges, 
 bananas, |)ine-a|)ples, figs, lemons and pomegranates. Ctah. in the latitude 
 of Missouri, where the mercury often runs the \vh(jle length of the ther- 
 mometer in twenty-four hours, enjcjys a climate as balmy and as ecpiable as 
 the airs that breathe over Araby the lUest. Kor fourteen years the mean 
 temperature in Salt Lake Cil\- was about l"ifty-lwo degrees, the average 
 maximum being ninety-seven degrees, the average minimum minus one, 
 ami the mean daily range of the mercury but twenty degrees. Cotton 
 grows lu.xuriantly in the southern part of the territory, and all the semi- 
 tropical fruits tlourish everywhere within its borders : antl yet there is not a 
 day in the year when one cannot, if he will, wallow in a snowdrift fifty feet 
 deep, or seat himself on an iceberg a hundred yartls scpiare, by climbing a 
 few miles up a mt)untain-side. During the month of August, 1S91, the 
 whole eastern and southern j^ortion of the United States, and even the 
 vauntedly paradisiacal Northwest, sweltered and seethed with torrid heat. 
 Apples baked on the trees around Chicago, that brazenly proclaims itself 
 "the great lake-side summer resort of North America." People dieil of 
 sunstrokes aiul calorical prostrations from Winnepisseogee to Corpus Christi 
 — that is, from Maine to Te.xas. Even in the alleged " glorious summer 
 climate" of Minnesota and Dakota, the thermometers boiled over with a 
 huiulred and ten to a hundred and fifteen degrees of hideous hotness in the 
 shade. Milwaukee refrigerators turned to steam-boilers ; pop-corn poppeil 
 instead of sprouting in the Iowa and Missouri hills, and a universal wail of 
 sweaty anguish went up to skies of red-hot brass from the whole wretchetl 
 land and people. And, in all the time, there was not a night that Salt Lake 
 City people did not sleep under blankets, antl not a day when they could 
 not see the huge masses of snow on the \N'asatch Mountains glistening 
 white and cokl in the August sunshine ; while, at the base of the mountains, 
 which slope down almost into the eastern edge of the city, the whole earth 
 was hidden in the foliage and fruit and Howers of orchards and vineyards 
 aiul ganlens. Low latitude gives heat, and high altitude gives cold ; so 
 every fellow can mix his own climate and weather to suit himself. Here, as 
 nearly as anywhere else in the temperate zone, might be realizeil that 
 boyish ideal oi a home : .V tall, glacier-crested mountain in a tropical 
 region. .\t its base, plantations of sugar, coffee, rice, imiigo, and spices ; 
 orange, i)alm aiul mango groves ; and forests of mahogany, ebony and rose- 
 wood, with myriads of gorgeous-plumaged parrots, toucans and macaws 
 Hitting like wingeil bits of rainbows among their leafy boughs. Midway up 
 I he sloping side, at an elevation of eight or ten thousand feet, fields of corn, 
 wheat, oats and barley: orchards of apples, pears, plums and cherries; 
 
 '9 
 
meadows of honey-scented clover, 
 the hum of bees, the lowing of 
 cattle, bubbling springs, coveys of 
 (juails, and cooing doves. And at 
 the summit a mighty storehouse of 
 everlasting snow and ice to cool the 
 juleps and tequilla. So that, with a 
 tiny inclined railroad ten or fifteen 
 miles long, one could slide through 
 all climates and seasons, from per- 
 petual summer to eternal winter and 
 back again, in half an hour, in any 
 day of all the year. In Utah the 
 torrid feature alone would be lacking 
 in this grand climatic climacteric — 
 this having, like death, "all seasons 
 for one's own." 
 
 Weather-bureau statistics show 
 that the sun shines all day over 
 three hundretl days in every year in 
 L'tah, and there are few of the re- 
 maining days in which it does not 
 l)righten part of the hours, 'i'here 
 are but two places in the I nited 
 States, Kl Paso and Santa Fe, where 
 observation shows less humiility in 
 the atmosphere than at Salt Lake 
 City. The air is so dry antl jnire, 
 that the carcasses of dead animals 
 tlo not putrefy ; they simi:)ly dry up 
 without offensive odor. So crystal- 
 line is the clearness of the wonderful 
 atmosphere, that it is impossible for 
 eyes accustomed to less favored re- 
 gions to form any correct estimate of 
 tlistances out here. No stranger to 
 this ethereal purity can realize that 
 it is more than a mile or two from 
 the Temple Scjuare in Salt Lake City 
 
 >^¥^V^<^. 
 
to llic summits of llie Wasatch Moun- 
 tains, and yi-t thcv are twenty loniL,^ 
 miles away. Xo eye, inured to tlie 
 atmospheric mnrkiness of New York 
 or Chicago, can make the strip of 
 blue-green water 'oetween Lake Park 
 bathing-beacli and Antelope Island in 
 Cireat Salt Lake seem wider than the 
 Upper Hudson or Ohio River ; though 
 it would take a nine-mile pull to cross 
 it at its narrowest place. With its 
 marvelou.s commingling of salt-sea air 
 anil mountain ozone, with its highness 
 anil dryness, with an atmosphere as 
 soft and pure as that which fanned the 
 cheek of sinlessness in |irimeval par;i- 
 dise, Utah is one of the world's great 
 natural sanitariums. Catarrh, hay- 
 fever and asthma vanish at once 
 beneath its balmy influence. Even 
 tubercular consumption, in all its ear- 
 lier stages, finds sure relief and cure. 
 From the strange, Deity-wrought 
 alchemies of the mountain sides all 
 over the territory burst forth magici.1 
 fountains of healing for invalids of 
 almost every class. Nearly every 
 variety of medicinal waters known to 
 humanity is found somewhere in 
 this pharmacopeian wonderland. Hot 
 Springs, that possess all the virtues of 
 those in .\rkansas, pour hissing and 
 steaming from the cliffs at Ogden, 
 Salt Lake City, C'astilla and a score of 
 other places. Lithia Springs, as potent 
 as those of Carlsbad or Homburg, and 
 sulphur springs of every kind — white, 
 red, black, blue and yellow, hot and 
 ( old — as well as soda, magnesia, alum, 
 
 4' ^ 
 
 HaceJ^ 
 
 ;./^^'^^- 
 
and all the countless species of chalybeate waters. (Ireat Salt Lake itself 
 is a twenty-five-hundred-square-miles Bethesda Pool, where no angel's win<j^ 
 is needed to stir the healing virtues. 
 
 The sick and enfeebled of every region may here find some specific, 
 compounded by the Great I'hysician's own all-wise hand, for their reUef or 
 cure. Hundreds, who first came to I'tah, by jirescription of their doctors, 
 after having tried Arkansas, Colorado and Xew Mexico, scarcely hoping to 
 finil even temporary alleviation of the tortures of disease, now live in 
 vigorous rejuvenation to sound the j^raises of the matchless Utah-land, 
 which is destined to become one of the grandest health-resort regions of 
 the world. 
 
 \Vhat is the one infallible test of the invigorating cjualities of climate, 
 atmosphere, and general conditions ? Abundance of children and old j)eopIe; 
 and nowhere in America do both more plenteously abound than Utah. The 
 old-time Mormon families of twenty, forty, sixty and, in some instances, over 
 seventv children each, proclaim in trumpet tones the sturdy vigor and health- 
 fulness of the race and region. Pleasant drove, on the Rio (irande Western 
 Railway, with a total poinilation of twenty-three hundred, has eight hundred 
 and sixty-two school children, and at least four hundred more under the 
 school-going age ; and Kphraim, with twenty-two hundred population, has 
 over eight hundred school children, anil three hundred and seventy-eight of 
 younger growth. Salt Pake City is the only place of fifty thousand people 
 in the I'nited States, if not in the world, where baby-wagons are importeil 
 by the train-load, and where they have the right-of-way over even the 
 electric cars. 
 
 Antl "extremes meet," for old people swarm everywhere. .\ (|uick-witted 
 and nimble-footed old lady of eighty-three recently said to a newspajier 
 correspondent : " We Mormons believe it is a duty to live past seventy ; " 
 and hosts of them discharge the "duty" without half trying. "Old Polks' 
 Day" is a LItah Mormon institution, which might well be made national in 
 its scope and observance. It was establishetl by Bishop Hunter, of the Mor- 
 mon Church, who died at the age of ninety years. It comes on the twenty- 
 second of June, and is observed as a general holiday. An excursion is given 
 to people of seventy years and upwanls, winding up with a bantpiet, a 
 dance, and a generous distribution of presents. In 1S87, when Salt Pake 
 City hatl but about thirty thousand poi^ulation, she sent seven hundred and 
 fifty of these ancient jollifiers, over the Rio C.rande Western Railway, to 
 Ogden. Of the number, a hundred ;ind twelve ranged in age from eighty 
 to ninety-seven .\ seventy-year-oKl jiapa, trundling a baby-chariot, with 
 the springy tread of a yoiuig game-rooster, is no uncommon sight on city 
 street or country road. 
 
 Health, vigor, all glories of air, and climate, and human robustitutle — 
 Utah has them, and to spare. 
 
_ «L _ ^ .<~j3r>v^ lA , , 
 
 -Jlf-r; 
 
 
 % 
 
 i- 
 
 
 
 TUTAHS BEST CROP'.:; 
 
V. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORAL. 
 
 TnK Marvklous Ff-rtilitv ok Utah Soil — Some 
 Astonishing 1 1. lustrations. 
 
 n() I'ROPERLV cunstituted man could ever 
 asiiire to win fame as a successor of Anania 
 
 
 deliberately 
 as. And yet 
 he, who sets out to tell the simplest, 
 unsandpapered and unvarnished 
 truths in regard to Utah, as a 
 farmer-land, a home-land, fore- 
 dooms himself to go galloping 
 r- down the crookedest byways of 
 ■s^-^ public estimation, as a compeer of 
 ->- Sapphira's luckless spouse, and all 
 '-- " the other puissant liars of ancient 
 and modern days. But Utah truth 
 is mighty, and must be told — even though he who tells 
 it finds himself nailed by the ears to the pillory-posts 
 of popular misjudgment. as a marvel of monumental 
 mendacity. 
 y •. ;, /'Hj'v' (^ne may have seen the valley of the Nile, forages 
 
 '^'s's.v^ " the granary of the world." He may have roamed amid 
 the rich plantations of the Caribbean shores, where the wondrous 
 soil yields almost spontaneously every grain, grass, vegetable, 
 fruit and fabric necessary for human sustenance and lu.xury. 
 He may have roamed delighted over the sea islands of (ieorgia 
 and Carolina, and the romance-haunted Teche region of Louisiana, "the 
 land of Evangeline," where nature riots in wild lu.xuriance of production. 
 He may have traversed the fertile Scioto Valley, the paradise of Ohio ; and 
 the far-famed Red River ^'alley of Dakota, with its mighty wheat-field.^ 
 stretching away till, all around, the blue sky meets the heads of golden grain. 
 He may have grown familiar with all the so-called garden-spots of earth : 
 
 / 
 
 
but there are still aniazciiicius ini him — in L'tah. ( )n all the beauteous, pen- 
 dent <,H()l)e, no fairer, richer realm unfolds itself to tempt the anj^els down. 
 No mit;hti(.'r trtasurc-liouses of royal ore rear their jirouil heads heavenward 
 in anv land or zone. No more overflowingly bounteous, golden grainfields 
 or heavier-laden vines and fruit-trees ever gladdened the heart and pocket 
 of sun-browneil husbamlman with huiulreil-fold harvests. No greener 
 pastures ever feasted the frolicsome mule-colt, or fattcil the f(»v,tivc gentle- 
 man-calf. 
 
 Here. Isaiah's millennial rhapsoily of prediction llnds literal fulfillment. 
 The v.iklerness and the solitary jilace have been mad.e glad, and the desert 
 does rejoice and blossom as a rose. Where no water is. L'tah soil is the 
 picture of desolation. Nothing grows but cactus, grease weed, jirairie dogs 
 and Jack-rabbits, 'i'urn on the water and a garden blooms. You touch the 
 water button, and (ioil and nature do the rest — and do it gloriously. All 
 farming is by irrigation, and where every farmer makes his own season and 
 ("ontrols his own rain, crop failures are unknown. There has never been one 
 in Utah. No rain on the new mown hay. no drouth when the grain heads 
 are filling. Water in abundance just when and where it is needed, and never 
 and nowhere else. The soil is inexhaustible. No artificial fertilization has 
 ever been used. Manure heaps are burned. Fields in the Salt Lake valley 
 that have been crt)pped incessantly for forty years yield annually from fifty 
 to seventy-five bushels of wheat, from si.v to ten tons of Lucerne clover and 
 from fwii hmidred to nine luiiulred bushels of potatoes to the acre, and every- 
 thing else in proportion. 
 
 The official figures of the Nalioiral Department of .\griculture show that 
 the average wheat crop of the country is about twelve bushels to the acre, 
 ami that in the much-vauntetl grain belt of Dakota it is scarcelv thirteen 
 bushels to the acre. In I'taii si.xty to seventy bushels to the acre is an 
 ordinary yiekl. In 1SS9, the ".American .Agriculturist "' prize for the largest 
 yield of wheat to the acre in the United States was awarded to William 
 (iibby, whose farm is a short distance south of Salt Lake City. His crop, 
 raised on measured ground and every ilctail attested by reliable witnesses, 
 was eighty-four bushels and ten pountis to the acre. John H. White, four 
 miles north of Salt Lake Uity. in 1X90, raised on twenty acres of land nine- 
 teen hiHulred and twenty bushels o{ oats, or ninety-six bushels to the acre. 
 On the same land, the year before, he raised one hundred and four bushels 
 to the acre. W. D. Major, near liouniiful, a little place that is certainly 
 well nameil. north of Salt Lake City, in 1 S90. raised ninety bushels of barley 
 to the acre. Utah does not claim to be a corn country, because many other 
 croi)s are so much more profitable, but W. I). Major has recently raised fifty 
 bushels of white llint corn to the acre ; and Hailey cV Son, si.xty bushels of 
 yellow corn to the ac re. In 1S90, Thomas l-'arrar, near (ireen River Station 
 on the Rio (irande ^\'eslern Railwav. raised a hundred and twelve l)ushels 
 
V- 
 
 K ,f%^ r^ 
 
 >A 
 
 ^^r^ 
 
to the acre. Richard Carlisle, of Mill Creek, six miles south of Salt Lake 
 City, in 1890, with irrigation from an artesian well, raised nine hundred and 
 forty-seven bushels of potatoes to the acre, and sold them at eighty cents a 
 bushel, realizing in cash $767.60 an acre for one year's crop. Mr. Culmer, 
 at Pleasant drove, thirty miles south of Salt Lake City, cleared $1,200 an 
 acre on strawberries in a single season. John IL White, whose hundred-and- 
 four-l)ushels-t()-lhe-acre oats crop has already been mentioned, in 1890 cut 
 three crops of alfalfa or Lucerne clover from his meadow, amounting to 
 seven tons to the acre. He sold it in the Salt Lake market at fourteen 
 dollars a ton, making ninety-eight dollars an acre in cash for one season's 
 hay crop. Four crops of alfalfa are frecpiently cut in a season, and from 
 seven to ten tons is a common yield. 
 
 But why multiply such instances ? livery one of those given is ofiicially 
 attested by the Salt Lake City Chamber of Commerce, and volumes might 
 be filled with similar illustrations of the fiction-surpassing fertilit\- of this 
 wonderland of husbandry. Call the roll of products and there is none that 
 can be raised in the temperate zone which does not reach perfection here. 
 Earth is absolutely wanton in fecundity. Rye yields an average of from 
 sixty to seventy bushels to the acre ; turnips, from four hundred to six 
 hundretl bushels ; carrots, from seven hundred to a thousand bushels ; apri- 
 cots, three hundred and fifty to five hundretl bushels ; peaches; from five 
 hundred to seven hundreil bushels ; apples, four hundred ancl fifty to six 
 hundred l)ushels ; pears, five hundred bushels ; plums, from three hundred 
 to four hundred bushels ; blackberries, raspberries, currants and gooseber- 
 ries, from three hundred to three hundred and fifty bushels to the acre, and 
 everything else in like profusion. Cherries grow wikl in great abundance. 
 Hops are indigenous to the soil. Xectarines Hourish cvervwhere. and figs 
 are raised in the southern valleys. Cotton grows luxuriantly in the lower 
 counties, and a cotton mill established by the Mormons at NN'ashington has 
 long been in successful operation. It uses ai)<)ut 75,000 pounds of 
 cotton yearly and manufactures good domestics. 
 
 Li the Chamber of Commerce at Salt Lake Citv is a won- 
 derful collection of cabinets and cases, that were sent east 
 in 1887 in "The Ctah Lxposition Cm," which traveled 
 twelve thousand miles, ancl was visited by over two 
 hundred thousaiul people. Li the collection 
 there are jars of plums fully as large as ordi- 
 nary eastern pear-; ; gooseberries as large as 
 full-sized plums ; ami strawberries as big 
 as large tomatoes, many of them being 
 from till to twelve inclies in cir- 
 i'^' ' : ( umference, and thirteen of them 
 "S'fKa ' Idling a (]uart jar. Sugar beets 
 
 28 
 
r/-^';V/. 
 
 y>. 
 
 V ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 '^■^#'^V^^ 
 
 .IV , r.:^*'^'ti' 
 
 'i^^^'J * 
 
 
 ^f^h 
 
 % 
 
 
weighing thirty-five pounds each, mangel wurzels weighing forty-eight pounds 
 and Irish potatoes weighing from eight to eight and a half pounds apiece, 
 are included in the collection. Potatoes, twelve or fifteen of which make a 
 bushel, are common in the markets. Melons of all kinds grow to great size, 
 and are deliciously flavored. The very streets are shaded with fruit trees, 
 and the humblest adobe cottage is hidden in its wealth of apple, pear and 
 plum, apricot, peach anil nectarine trees, bending beneath their luscious 
 freightage. Salt Lake is always compared to the Dead Sea, but no " Dead Sea 
 apples," fair to the eye. but ashes to the lips, grow upon its blessed shores 
 
 Stock-raising in Utah involves but little care or labor. Pasture is found 
 the year round, and all domestic animals thrive on the native grasses of the 
 mesas and valleys. There are now in the territory about five hundred 
 thousand cattle, two hundred and fifty thousand horses and mules, a hun- 
 dred thousand hogs, and two and a half million sheep, worth, all told, 
 something near thirty million dollars. 
 
 Utah produced in 1890 about twelve million pounds of wool, of which 
 one million pounds was manufactured in home mills and factories, and the 
 rest exported. In the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce are forty samples 
 of merino wool furnished by Charles Crane, of Kanosh, Kanab County, 
 president of the L'tah Wool C.rowers' Association. The forty fleeces from 
 which the samples were taken weighed from forty-one to si.\ty-seven jiounds 
 each. Think of it I Si.xty-seven pounds of merino wool clipped from a 
 single sheep — more than a whole sheep, bones, mutton, tallow, hide and 
 all, often weighs in the hapless East. 
 
 With a soil of such matchless fertility ; with a climate unsurpassed and 
 unsurpassable ; with ten thousand square miles of timber lands ; with 
 boundless ranges for flocks and herds ; with exhaustless mines in a hundred 
 rugged mountain-sides; and with millions of acres yet subject to Government 
 entry, what does L'tah lack to rentier it the ideal land of the farmer and 
 home-seeker? It is, in the language of Holy Writ, "A land of brooks of 
 water ; of fountains and depths, tljat spring out of valleys and hills ; a land 
 of wheat and barley ; a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarce- 
 ness ; thou shalt not lack anything in it." 
 
 Utah is an 87,750-square-mile cornucopia. 
 
VI 
 
 UTAH MINES 
 
 TnK Amazim; Minkru. Wkai.tii and PossimiiriKs oi tmk 
 'rKKKiroRV — A TKri-: Hunax/a Land. 
 
 
 '<''^^ 
 
 ^'fC 
 
 11' THK great industry of Utah thus far has 
 been its mining. Its fabulous riches of 
 metal and mineral are destined to make this as 
 yet but half-e.\plored territory the gathering- 
 place of capitalists and fortune seekers from 
 every land beneath the sun. When fully 
 known and developed, they will eclipse all the 
 dazzling miracles of .Maddin and his magical 
 lamp, and take their place among the wonders 
 of the world. They will teach the children 
 of this generation to smile at tiie fairy-tales 
 that amazed their fathers and mothers, as 
 trivial and tame, for they will be able to rub 
 daily against-the jewel-clad creatures of inhnitely more marvelous stories in 
 real life. 
 
 The greatest mines of earth are yet to be opened in the .Vmerican (Ireat 
 West. Mountains of gold and silver ore, beside which all the famed riches 
 of the Comstock 1-oile will some day sink to beggars' pence, yet rear their 
 proud heads to heaven untouched by pick or spade or drill. The veritable 
 treasure-hou.ses of the gods yet await the enterprise and muscle of the sturdy 
 prospectors and miners, who are de.stined, and that ere long, to fire the 
 avarice and the envy of the world with their Midas-surpassing wealth of 
 solid ducats. From .Maska to Nicaragua, the whole vast system of Rocky 
 Mountains and Cordilleras is an almost unbroken ore and mineral bed. Not 
 one ten-thousandth part of it has ever felt the tap of a prospector's hammer. 
 The surface dirt of California, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Montana, .\rizona 
 and New Me.\ico mines is hardly broken ; the glittering hoards are scarcely 
 touched. The great bonanza fortunes are yet to be made. 
 
Although Utah niining is in the 
 ruffled-cap and nursing-bottle stage 
 of its existence, in its earliest in- 
 -. fancy the territory has already pro- 
 duced a grand aggregate of about 
 $175,000,000 in gold, silver, copper 
 ' and lead ; or more than the whole 
 assessed valuation of such states as 
 Wyoming and North Dakota. Ac- 
 cording to the official report of the 
 I uited States I rca.sury Department for 1890, Utah now stands third among 
 all the forty-nine states and territories of the Union, as a producer of the 
 precious metals. With its magnificent yield for the year of $14,346,783 in 
 
gold, silver, copper and lead, it leads California, 
 with a total of §13,370,406 ; and Nevada, with 
 l)iit §8,543,800. Its yearly product is more than 
 fonr times as great as that of all the mines of 
 the famous Black Hills of Dakota ; and it is 
 outranked only by Montana with a total of 
 $40,695,723 ; and Colorado, with $34,028,701. 
 Its yield of four metals in 1890 amounted to 
 i?V^Rfrji/^<^ "1'^/ nearly one-third of the entire assessed value of 
 
 I ^V*..,.* .,4r all real estate and personal property within its 
 
 ^^ I borders in 1888. There are mines in every 
 
 county of the territory. Every mountain range and spur is ribbed with 
 ore and mineral. 
 
 The accidental turning of a loose stone among the bushes in Ontario 
 Gilch, in Summit county, led to the discovery of one of the world's greatest 
 bonanzas. The prospect-hole was sold to a firm of which the late Senator 
 Hearst, of California, was a member, for §30,000 ; and, as the Ontario mine, 
 has since produced over §25,000,000 in silver, and paid §12,200,000 in divi- 
 dends. Its mill and mining plant cost §2,700,000, and its annual pay-roll 
 amounts to nearly §600,000. During 1890 it paid out in wages and salaries, 
 for supplies, and in dividends, §2,017,055. The Daly mine, adjoining the 
 Ontario, in 1890 produced §834,818, and paid §450,000 in dividends, making 
 an aggregate of §1,762,500 in dividends since February, 1886. There are 
 a hundred smaller mines in the same district, all more or less developed. 
 The Crescent has yielded §1,500,000. The Woodside produced §444,000 in 
 1889. The Samson turned out about §250,000 worth of ore in 1890 ; and 
 scores of others only need the capital and energy to convert them into 
 bonanzas great or small. Park City, the metropolis of the district, is a pic- 
 turesque place of five thousand population, which has no debt, and at the 
 end of 1890 had twelve thousand dollars in its treasury. Its main street is 
 seven thousand five hundred feet, or about a mile and a half, above the 
 level of the sea. Its water sujiply is pij^ed from Highland Lake, a liquid 
 jewel of the Wasatch mountains, ten acres in extent, forty feet deep, and 
 two thousand feet above the city. The camp produced in 1890 a grand 
 total of 153,031,650 pounds of ore, an increase of 6,120,740 pounds over 1889. 
 Of this, 63,297,650 poumls were shipped by rail to distant smelters, and 
 89,734,000 pounds were reduced at the home mills. A single chimney of 
 ore at the east foot of the Grampian mountain in Heaver county, yielded 
 over §13,000,000 in four years, and made the Horn Silver mine famous 
 throughout the world. There are innumerable mines in the same region 
 that only need proper work to make them rich producers. 
 
 .\t Alta. on Little Cottonwood Canyon, in Salt Lake county, almost in 
 sight of Salt Lake City, is the renowned I'.mnui mine, which wrecked the 
 
 33 
 
■•■{jrr. 
 
 VZ^\ 
 
reputation of one who had held high positions in the mihtary, political ana 
 diplomatic service of the United States. An amazingly rich body of ore 
 had been struck. For a long time the mine shipped a hundred tons a day 
 of ore that ran from two hundred to seven hundred ounces of silver to the 
 ton. General Schenck was then minister to England. He and his associates 
 capitalized the mine in London at $5,000,000. The new company took out 
 $1,500,000 in a few months, and then came a collapse. The ore disappeared, 
 vanished like a fog-bank. The mine ceased producing. It looked like a 
 gigantic swindle. General Schenck was ruined. The United States Minister 
 to the Court of St. James had to fly from England to escape prosecution. 
 It was the sensation of the day. Recent investigations and discoveries seeia 
 to indicate that the apparent failure was due to mistakes in the working of 
 the mine. E.xperts say the company ran off the main ore-body, and fol- 
 lowed side-slips. After years of loss a number of new strikes have been 
 made, and the mine is again producing ore that runs one hundred and ten 
 ounces of silver to the ton. 
 
 The Flagstaff, a neighbor of tlie Emma, and also owned by an English 
 company, formerly produced from a hundred to two hundred tons a day of 
 low-grade ore. Then the ore body was lost for a long time, and has only 
 recently been re-discovered after years of labor and e.xpense. The mine 
 is now turning out ore that runs from twenty to forty ounces of silver to 
 the ton. 
 
 There were, at one time, nearly a hundred producing mines in this camp, 
 
 but when tlie Emma and the Flagstaff ore- 
 bodies seemed to fail, work on most of them 
 \ was abandoned. The late discoveries in 
 
 -\ the two famous mines have started 
 
 operations on some of these long- 
 /f^^ neglected properties, and rich strikes 
 ■'■^ -• and a renewed boom are 
 
 among every day's possibil- 
 ities. Ten mines in the 
 
 
 
camp, durinjj 1S90, shipped nine luiiidifil and ciy;hty tons of ore lliat yielded 
 from tliirty-two to two hundretl anil seventy-five oimces of silver to the ton 
 — averajj^ing ninety and a half ounces. 
 
 On Big C'ottonwood Canyon, in Salt Lake county, the Maxfiekl mine has 
 recently become a dividend-payer. In the last six months of 1S90 it pro- 
 duced eleven hundred tons of ore, running seventy ounces of silver to the 
 ton. The Congo shows ore running forty j^er cent, lead, sixty-five ounces 
 of silver, and from five to ten dollars in gold to the ton. The Keed & Ben- 
 son mine has yielded $300,000 ; and there are a number of other mines that 
 promise big bundles of bullion. 
 
 On Snake Creek, in Utah county, many rich prospects are being opened 
 up, the great drawback being the lack of transportation. There is no rail- 
 road communication and the wagon road is steep and rugged. The South- 
 ern Tier mine has recently made some shipments of ore that runs a hundred 
 and fifty ounces of silver to the ton ; and the Xewell, Steamboat and 
 Levigneur claims are showing handsomely. 
 
 On American Fork, in Utah county, there are more than a hundred mines 
 in all stages of develojiment. The North Star, from mere exploring woik, 
 shipped in 1S90 over thirty tons of ore, that ran in silver and lead about 
 eighty dollars to the ton. The Flora shows surface ore running from eighty 
 to a hundred and fifty ounces of silver to the ton, and from twenty-five to 
 forty per cent. lead. The New Idea has a vein from eight to twenty-three 
 feet thick. One shipment of its ore brought a hundred and seven dollars a 
 ton. The Osborn No. 2 has turned out some ore that shows six hundred 
 ounces of silver to the ton. The Milkmaid, Treasure-Consolidate, Kalama- 
 zoo, Pittsburg, Chicago and Superior and Silver-Bell are all in high grade 
 ore, and there are dozens more only awaiting the touch of capital to put 
 them among the great mines of the country. 
 
 In Wasatch county, valuable bodies of ore have been struck in the 
 Glencoe, Wilson and Barrett, Lowell, McHenry, Hawkeye, Boulder, Free 
 Silver, Wasatch and numerous others. 
 
 Twenty-seven miles southwest of Salt Lake City, on the Rio Cirande 
 Western Railway, in the wilil and picturesipie Bingham Canyon of the 
 
 Ocpiirrh mountains, lies the first mining district 
 organized in I'tah, and the Old Jordan mine in 
 this canyon was the first mine discovered in the 
 territory. Its oxiilized surface ores, at its inter- 
 section with the South Galena, yielded §2,000,000 ; 
 and a million tons of quartz, that will run twenty 
 dollars a ton, now lie in sight in the same locality, 
 unmined, unhonored and unsung, because the gold 
 and silver in it are so combined that no method 
 has vet been devised to work it without losing one 
 
or the other. Less than a mile north of the Jordan, on Carr Fork, is a 
 mountain side containing hundreds of thousands of tons of the same queer 
 quartz, hearing about ten dollars in gold and ten in silver to the ton. YuWy 
 1,500,000 tons of quartz lying in plain view, every ton of it carrying twenty 
 dollars in gold and silver, or a total of at least $30,000,000, only waiting 
 for the right man, with the right process of e.xtraction, to come along and 
 make himself a rival of the Rothschilds. 
 
 But Bingham has millions of tons of reducible ores. The Ocjuirrh moun- 
 tains, which rise to a height of 10,500 feet, are literally bulged out with ores 
 that are easily and cheaply mined and milled It has produced more silver- 
 lead ores than any other camp in Utah, and is to-day the second camp in 
 tonnage of ore shipped, being outranked only by Tintic. The mineral belt 
 is about si.\ miles long, and from a half-mile to two miles wide, and it is 
 nearlv all more or less developed. 
 
 The camp shipped 33,822 tons of ore in 1890, of which the South Cialena 
 shipped 9,620 tons ; the Brooklyn, 8,092 tons ; Yo Semite No. 2, 2,610 tons ; 
 Old Telegraph, 2,500; Spanish, 2,100; Niagara, 1,500; Lead and Yo 
 Semite No. i, 1,396 ; L'^tah, 1,216 ; and the Winamuck, York, Highland, 
 Di^on, Rough and Ready, Silver Hill, Markham, Silver (Gauntlet, Buckeye, 
 Silver Shield, Last Chance and Fireclay, from 102 to 715 tons, each. Forty 
 other mines sent out a total of 1,423 tons. 
 
 The South (ialena, Brooklyn, Niagara and \'o Semite have concentrating 
 mills, and there are gold mills on the Stewart and Stewart No. 2 ; for, in 
 addition to all the vast deposits of silver, there is an extensive field of free- 
 milling gold ore, running from five to fifteen dollars to the ton. 
 
 Among a lifetime's experiences of travel, by every conveyance from an 
 ocean steamer or a limited express train to a Carolina bull-chariot or an 
 African dromedary, there is nothing more novel than a ride in the South 
 Calena ore-cars from the mine to the Rio (irande Western Railway station. 
 Thirty iron cars, each carrying two tons of ore or concentrates, arranged in 
 couples, with a combination engineer, conductor and brakeman, all in one, 
 to every two c ars. Four thousainl feet descent in four miles, over a track 
 so crooked that a black snake could hardly follow it without breaking his 
 back. It is like riding a twisty streak of lightning down from the cloud,s 
 to earth. 
 
 The Bingham miiu-^ give eiupli)) nieiii to I'loni nllceii hundred to two 
 thousand men, and the production is constantly and rajjidly increasing. 
 Many important discoveries of ore have been made during the year ending 
 in August, 1891, and over two hundred new mines have been located in the 
 district. 
 
 Ihe Dry Canyon and ()phir mines, in Tooele county, during 1890 shii)ped 
 between four anil five thous*aiul tons of ore that ran fifty-three per cent, 
 lead, twenty-three ounces of silver and one dollar in gokl to the ton. 
 
 ;8 
 
1! 
 
 v-r*^ 
 
 A land whose stones are 
 
 iron, and out of whose hiilS tnou mayost oig or 
 
 — Deot. will. 9. 
 
The principal producers are the Honerine, Brooklyn, Elgin, Belfast, Trade 
 Wind, Miner's Delight, Utah Gem, Monarch and Northern Delight, and 
 the Buckhorn group. 
 
 Second in size and importance of all the mining camps in Utah, being 
 surpassed only by the great bonanza district, which includes the Ontario 
 
 and Daly mines, is Tintic in Juab county. 
 It lies on the western slope of the Oquirrh 
 mountains, about ninety miles a little 
 west of south from Salt Lake City. It 
 consists of a vast mineral belt or 
 zone, or of three or four parallel 
 ones. This great ore-channel is 
 nine miles long from north to south, 
 and one and a quarter miles wide 
 from east to west. It runs solidly 
 across to Rush Valley, and there 
 sinks, and is held by experts to 
 reappear at Bingham, thirty or 
 forty miles away on an air line. 
 'I'lie camp contains many wonder- 
 ful mines, and new discoveries are 
 being constantly made. 
 
 In 1S90 the camp shi[)ped 76,497 tons of ore 
 that ran from fifty to a hundred and fifty dollars 
 to the ton, and the shipments are steadily and rapidly 
 increasing. The largest shippers for that year were 
 the Bullion-Beck, 29,509 tons ; Eureka Hill, 20,640 ; 
 Mammoth, 9,590 ; Centennial-Eureka, 3,668 ; Trea- 
 sure, 3,200 ; and Keystone, 1,700, while the Julian I-ane, Eagle, 
 Northern Spy, Tesora, Siou.x, Sunbeam, Carissa and Governor 
 shipped from 103 to 798 tons each. The total shipments for 
 the first half of 1891 have run about 250 tons a day. 
 The Eureka Hill could have been bought a few years ago for a song. 
 It is now shipping a hundred tons a day of ore that nets about fifty dollars 
 a ton, or something like $150,000 a month. Its monthly ])ay-roll is about 
 $25,000, and all other expenses say $10,000 a month ; making a total 
 monthly expenditure of $35,000, antl leaving a trifle of $1 15,000 a month to 
 be ilivided among its fortunate owners. It is capitalized in ten thousand 
 shares, of which John Q. Packard, of Salt Lake City, and his brother's 
 estate hold five thousand and one shares ; Jacob Lawrence's estate, three 
 thousand five hundred ; and Justice Held, of the United States Supreme 
 Court, and his son-in-law, George W. Whitney, fourteen hundred and ninety- 
 nine. So from this one young mining camji in Utah a judge of the highest 
 
 40 
 
tribunal in the new world rakes in about $16,000 dollars a month , that is 
 doul)le his annual salary every thirty days. 
 
 The Centennial- luireka has had a romantic experience. A few years ago 
 its owners were almost driven to the wall to meet a note for §10,000, and 
 offered half the mine as security for the money. They fmally succeeded m 
 borrowing it, but had to get an extension of time upon it. Three days 
 afterward they shijiped two car-loads of ore that netted them §27,000. It is 
 now paying §60,000 a month in dividends. 
 
 The Mamnu)th, across the mountain, about a mile and a half southeast of 
 the Eureka Hill, is .said to have been traded some years ago for a few head 
 of Texas steers. During 1890, it paid twelve regular dividends, and four 
 extra ones, of §40,000 each, a total of §640,000 for the year. Two car-loads 
 of its ore recently netted §78,000. One mass of fifty pounds, which was 
 taken out and sent east, was nearly half pure gold. In this mine free 
 gold is found in horn silver, a combination rarely, if ever, met with any- 
 where else. 
 
 By far the heaviest ore-shipper in the camp is the Bullion-Beck, which 
 adjoins the Eureka Hill. Captain S. H. Smith, its superintendent, was for 
 twenty years on the Comstock Lode, and had charge of the famous Belcher 
 mine from its opening to its virtual collapse on its three-thousand-foot level, 
 during which time §35,000,000 were taken out of it. The Bullion-Beck lias 
 a superb plant, including hoisting-works, air-compresser, dynamos, black- 
 smith and carpenter shops, assay office, and fire-apparatus ; the whole costing 
 over three hundred thousand dollars. The ore runs from forty-five to a 
 hundred ounces of silver, and from fifteen to twenty-five per cent, of lead, 
 to the ton. The mine is capitalized at §1,000,000, and in 1890 paid §420,000 
 in dividends, or forty-two per cent , besides paying for all improvements and 
 additions to machinery. 
 
 The Gemini group, just across the gulch north of the Bullion-Beck, in- 
 cludes the Keystone, Excelsior, Red Bird and a number of others. Captain 
 John McCrystal, the superintendent and part-owner, is also superintendent 
 of the Eureka Hill, and of the Eagle and Godiva groups. The Gemini has 
 shipped during 1S91, about fifty tons a day of ore that nets in the neighbor- 
 hood of fifty dollars a ton. 
 
 The Eagle is a new mine, but five hundred and ninety tons of its ore, 
 shipped between September 21, 1890, and August i, 1891, netted §45.000, 
 after paying in freights and for reduction about §17,000 ; giving an average 
 yield of §1 10 to the ton. 
 
 The Godiva shows ore carrying twenty-five dollars a ton in gold. The 
 Northern Spy produced §400,000 above its first level. The Plutus, Snow- 
 flake, Sioux, Iron Blossom, Turk, Hungarian, Daisy, Lucky Boy, Belcher 
 group. Alamo, Golden Ray group and a legion of others are all workmg m 
 ore that is rich enough to satisfy any reasonable would-be bonanza-kmg. 
 
 41 
 
The Dragon mine, during 1890, shipped to the smelters near Salt Lake City 
 6,050 tons of iron ore for fluxing purposes. Nearly all the Tintic mines are 
 worked by their owners or leasers, who, with few exceptions, started in poor 
 men. The fame of its riches has begun to reach the outer world. New 
 men are pouring in ; new claims are being located in every direction ; long- 
 abandoned "prospects" are being re-opened and worked; a branch of 
 the Rio Grande Western Railway is nearing the camp as rapidly as men and 
 money can push it ; and there is every indication of a great boom through- 
 out the whole region. Its marvelous wealth, and the opportunities it offers 
 for men of nerve and enterprise, cannot be over-estimated. 
 
 Jay Gould has never been charged with extravagance or over-enthusiasm 
 in his estimates of anything belonging to somebody else. On the twenty- 
 fourth of August, 1891, he and his party, irxluding his two daughters 
 and two of his sons, with a special train of four cars, ran into Eureka, 
 the capital of the Tintic district, to the astonishment of the citizens. 
 The wh(jle party, including the Wall-street Wizard, made a tour of the 
 Bullion-Beck mine and of the camp in general, and expressed in glowing 
 terms their admiration of its rich possibilities. In an account of the 
 visitation. The Salt Lake City Tribune of the next day said : "Mr. Gould 
 expressed his regret that time would not permit him to make a personal 
 inspection of all the great mines He made the remark that what first 
 attracted his attention to Tintic was an interview with Mr. Pat. Donan, 
 reported in the Salt Lake papers, wherein Mr. Donan had said that 
 Eureka was surrounded by mountains of silver. Mr. Gould remarked that 
 Mr. Donan's statement did not convey the half, as there were not only 
 mountains but valleys of silver. When informed as to the present out- 
 put and future possibilities of the camp, Mr. Gould was utterly amazed, 
 and said it was no wonder the Rio Grande Western was building into 
 Tintic." 
 
 That is testimony from one whose eyes were never known to exaggerate 
 the belongings of "the other fellow," and whose tongue rarely indulges in 
 enthusiastic phrases on any subject. New as it is, Tintic is one of the 
 world's greatest mining camps, and has in its still but half-explored moun- 
 tain sides the making of a thousand millionaires. Its ores are said by 
 experts to be almost identical witli those of Leadville, and they are practi- 
 cally limitless in cjuantity. 
 
 West Tintic, in Tooele county, has fifty or more partially developed mines, 
 all of which show fine bodies of high-grade ore ; that in the Stonewall 
 Jackson running six hundred and forty ounces of silver, and ten dollars and 
 forty cents in gold, to the ton. 
 
 Marvelous stories of rich discoveries have recently come from Deep 
 Creek, below Tintic ; and Marysvale in Piute county, toward which the San 
 Pete branch of the Rio Grande Western is rapidly pushing its way, bids fair 
 
 4^ 
 
to beconif a wonder, even in I'tali. I'lic I lonicstakc is in ore that yi<'ltl-s 
 six liuntired ilollars to the ton in silver, both anlinionial and native. 
 
 The SliiT u^roup has lieen shippint; ore eii^hty or ninety miles by wagon to 
 a railroail, but its ore, yieldin<j[ from one to two hniub-ed doUars to the ton, 
 will stand even that expensive mode of handling. 
 
 The (liles mines, six in number, show a seven-foot vein of low grade 
 free-milling ore. 'l"he Plata ilel Mina shows ore that runs nine hundred 
 ounces of silver, and twenty-five dollars in gold, to the ton. The Triangle 
 ore runs twenty-five ounces in silver, and twenty-five per cent. lead. The 
 Crystal has immense bodies of carbonate aiul galena ore, averaging fortv 
 ounces of silver, ten dollars in gold, and thirty per cent, of lead to the ton. 
 The Clyde and Crown Point ores run from ten to four hundred ounces of 
 silver, and from five to fifty per cent, copper t(j the ton. The Antelope is 
 getting out large quantities of ore yielding twenty ounces of silver and five 
 dollars in gold to the ton. The region is apparently one of the richest ever 
 discovered in the Territory, and, with the coming of the railroad, is destined 
 to witness a tremendous mining boom. 
 
 .Vway (.lown in Washington county, cornering on Nevada and Aruona, 
 large bodies of silver ore, chiefly in the form of chlorides, have been found. 
 There, far from railroads and the noise of " the madding crowd," two 
 comiKinies, the Christy and the Stormont, have worked along quietlv, 
 and taken out fwe million ounces of fine silver. 'I'he region has been 
 but little explored, 
 
 reason to doubt that 
 will ultimately be 
 mountains a n tl 
 A wild rush has 
 August, 1891, to a 
 county, north of 
 ing discoveries of 
 made. A town of a 
 sprang up in two 
 christened '"La 
 Spanish for "The 
 have been filled with 
 lously rich strikes and 
 stories are true, an- 
 camp is assured. So, 
 most to its southern- 
 
 and there seems no 
 many valuable mines 
 found among its 
 gulches. 
 
 taken place, durii.g 
 region in Cache 
 Ogden, where amaz- 
 silver have just been 
 thousand inhabitants 
 weeks, aiul has been 
 Plata," which is 
 Silver." The papers 
 accounts of fabu- 
 finds, and if half the 
 other great bonanza 
 from its northern- 
 most bounds, Utah 
 
 is a mighty treasury of silver and goUlen opportunities and possibilities. 
 
 Utah is one of the world's l)t)nanza-Iands, a realm of realization for the 
 dreams of gokl and silver hunters, a prospectors' and miners' true Kl 
 Dorado. 
 
 43 
 
VII. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS MINING. 
 
 Unlimited Variety of Utah's Mineral Resources- 
 EvERVTHiNo Found i;ut Tin. 
 
 I'T Wrril all its mighty mountain treasure-houses 
 of royal ore, gold and silver are but two items 
 in the long and glorious inventory of Utah's 
 mineral wealth. Of all the metals and minerals 
 in human use, tin is perhaps the only one not 
 )und in workable quantities within the borders of 
 is wonderland. Run over but part of the almost 
 idless list : Alum is found in Utah and Salt Lake 
 )unties ; aluminum, in Davis and Morgan counties ; 
 imony, in Box Elder, Piute and Garfield counties ; 
 agates, in endless quantities, and of great beauty, in 
 Emery county ; arsenic in Washington and Iron coun- 
 ties ; bismuth, in Juab, San Pete, and Morgan counties ; 
 copper in Juab, Miller and Salt Lake counties; cop- 
 "^ peras, in Utah county ; coal, exhaustless in quantity, 
 
 and unsurpassed in quality, in Sunmiit, Utah, San Pete, Emery, and 
 Iron counties ; carbonate of soda, by thousands of tons, in Salt 
 Lake county ; chalcedony and chrysolite, in various regions ; cinnabar 
 or quicksilver, in San Pete county ; Fuller's earth, in many places ; 
 garnets, in Tooele county ; gold, in Salt Lake, Juab, Tooele, and other 
 counties ; granite, in Salt Lake, San Pete, and every other county in the 
 territory ; graphite or plumbago, in Utah county ; gypsum, in Juab, San 
 Pete and Washington counties ; iron, hematite and magnetic, in Davis, 
 Morgan, Juab, Cache and Iron counties ; jasper, in numerous places ; jet, in 
 San Pete and Emery counties ; kaolin, in Utah, Salt Lake, Davis, Tooele 
 and Sevier counties ; manganese, in Utah and Tooele counties ; malachite, 
 in Juab, Beaver and several other counties; marble, of every color and the 
 finest quality, in many localities ; mica, in Davis, Salt Lake and Garfield 
 
 44 
 
coiinlies ; nitre, in vast quantities, in various regions ; oolite, in San I'cte 
 county ; opals, o( many kinds, nearly everywhere ; ozokerite, or mineral 
 wax. in Utah, Wasatch and iMnery counties; rock-salt, millions of tons, in 
 Jual). San Pete, Sevier anil other coiuities ; saltpetre, in Utah county ; silver 
 in nearly if not cpiite every county in the territory ; sulphur, enough to 
 sujiply the world, in Millard, lieaver ami Utah counties ; topaz, white, yellow 
 anil blue, in Pooele. Box l-'Jder and various other counties ; tourmaline, in 
 many places ; talc, in Utah, l-',incry and I'iute counties ; zincblende and sul- 
 phide, in various counties ; alabaster, amethysts, asbestos, asphaltum, azurite, 
 basalt, bitumen, bog-iron, cats-eyes, epsomite, lignite, ochres of every hue, 
 onyx, ribbon jasper, rose quartz, ruby silver, sardonyx, satin spar, specular 
 iron, zincite and eighty-nine other metals and minerals are found in greater 
 or less abunilance all over the territory. 
 
 Thousands of square miles are underlaid by coal. Utah could supply a 
 nation with fuel for centuries to come. At Scofield and at Castle (iate, on 
 the Rio (irande Western Railway, the Pleasant Valley Coal Company, during 
 1890, mined nearl}' 250,000 tons of coal equal to the best Pennsylvania 
 bituminous article. The vein at Scofield averages fourteen feet in thickness, 
 and the mines are simply mountains of coal. At Castle Gate, the company 
 has a hundred coke ovens, and in 1890, turned out 10,000 tons of coke, 
 With coal unsurpassed in the world, the Castle Gate coke will ultimately be 
 found eipial to the best that Connellsvilie ]:)roduces. The Union Pacific 
 Company owns coal-mines at Scofield, near those of the Pleasant Valley 
 Company, which in 1890, produced about 100,000 tons. The Home Coal 
 Comjiany and the Clialk Creek Company have mines near Coalville, on the 
 Weber river, in Summit county, that produced 36,400 tons of 
 coal in 1890. Salt Lake City used nearly 100,000 tons. C)ne 
 of the sights at the World's Fair in Chicago is to be a solid 
 block of Pleasant Valley coal, twenty-eight feet thick, twenty- 
 eight feet long, and eight feet wide. It will be bound with 
 iron bands, carefully padded and boxed in. There are said to 
 be in Iron county veins of solid coal a hundred feet in thick- 
 ness. Iron abounds everywhere. The Tintic ore runs 
 about sixty per cent, metallic iron, and from five to fifteen 
 dollars in gold, to the ton. One of the most remarkable ^ 
 
 ^S;^j 
 
 
 ^^'^^ 
 
 
 ctj^r!^ 
 
 
 •-.■St, 
 
 
 fo^e^-Qa^G^lt 
 
deposits of iron ore in the world is in Iron county, which takes its name 
 from its vast beds of the most useful of all the metals. It lies in prodi.ijious 
 parallel belts, one of which is described as being sixteen miles long by three 
 miles wide. Experts declare there are 500,000,000 tons in sight. It runs 
 sixty-tw<j percent, metallic iron, with but a trace of sulphur and phosphorus 
 When that region of mineral miracles is penetrated by a railroad, as it .soon 
 will be by the Rio (Irande Western, the eyes of creation will be made stick 
 out past its hat-rim with amazement and admiration. Iron is found in all the 
 region about Ogden, in Box l^Ider, Morgan, Cache, and Weber counties : and 
 in nearly, if not (juite, every other county in the territory. 
 
 Clreat Salt Luke would supply the world with salt, and never niiss it. .\t 
 Salina on the San Pete Valley branch of the Rio Grande Western Railway, 
 there are five mountains, vast Wasatch peaks, of solid rock salt, so pure and 
 clear that one can read through a block of it, and similar deposits are found 
 near Nephi and in a number of other regions. The winds sometimes in a 
 single night pile up hundreds of tons of suli)hate of soila on the shores of 
 Salt Lake ; and, just below Manti on the Rio (irande Western road, are the 
 Saleratus Beds, where for several miles the whole earth is covered with an 
 efflorescent soda sufficiently pure for household use. Copperas, almost jjure 
 and in large cjuantities, has been found in Spanish Fork Canyon. Roofing 
 slate, of unsurpassable quality, and of many colors, abounds on Antelope 
 Islanil. Ozokerite, or mineral wax, has been discovered near Soldier Summit, 
 on the Rio Grande Western Railway. It is proof against water, air and acids, 
 anil can be usetl to render other fabrics equally impervious. It is a perfect 
 insulator, and is largely utilized for jihonograph cylinders and cathedral 
 candles. In lis natural state it is black anil waxy ; when refined it becomes 
 white and almost translucent. No ortlinary heat softens it. The only other 
 known dejiosit of it in the world is in Russia, and is said to have yielded 
 $500,000,000. Gilsonite, named for the veteran prospector, Sam Gilson, 
 who discovereil it, is found in exhaustless (piantities near Price Station, and 
 in a number of other places. It is said to be ninety-nine per cent, pure 
 asphaltum. Cowboys and hunters bring reports of a great lake of as|ihallum, 
 somewhat like that of Trinidail, in the Green River region, in which the cat- 
 tle get stuck like flies on sticky fly-paper. Near Agate Statiim, on the Rio 
 Cirande Western Railway, are thousands of acres of superb water-agates. 
 Some specimens I'wti feet in iliameter, flawless and beautifully tinted, have 
 been found ; and among them carnelians, one of which measured five inches 
 across. But why go on with the enumeration ? It would rei]uire a volume as 
 big as an unabridged dictionary to hold the mere muster-roll of Utah resources 
 and products. There is scarcely anything in all the catalogue of human needs 
 or greeils that is not supplied in this vast Deily-made storehouse. 
 
 46 
 
VIII 
 
 BRIEFLY RETROSPECTIVE 
 
 Utah's Prockkss and I'ossir.ii.iriKs — PoiTLAfiox iiii; 
 'ri'.RKrioKV Could ^^ASIl,^■ Sri'i-our. 
 
 'rni IS L tall, tile (lem of the Rockies, where all grandeurs 
 ,>-a ami glories of scene, all charms and salubrities of climate, 
 and all riches of soil and forest and mine, unite to form one 
 of earth's grandest ganlen-spots. It is a land of majestic 
 tlimensions. incomputable resources, and illimitable possibili- 
 ties ; a land of gold and silver mountains, of fruit-trees and 
 vineyards, of lowing kine and golden grain ; under the feet a 
 carpet of ilowers bespangled with gold-dust, and the bluest of 
 heavens bending above and resting its arch on the walls of the Sierras. 
 
 ^Vith a population as dense as that of Ohio, seventy-five to the square 
 mile, Utah, with •'^7,750 scpiare miles of domain, would maintain 6,581,250 
 licojilc. \\'ith two hundred ami thirty to the scpiare mile, as in 
 Massachusetts, Utah would be an empire of 20,182,500 souls. It y 
 now has a population of but 220,932 ; so that all the great / ', 
 opportunities of mighty state-building still remain open to everv ^/; 
 energetic and enterprising new-comer, and the tide of brain anil 
 brawn and capital is already beginning to flow in. The 
 assessed valuation of real and jiersonal propertv rose 
 from $51,917,31^ in 1889, to $104,758,750 in 1S90; an 
 increase of nearly 102 per cent, in a single vear. The 
 banking capital increased during the same 
 year, from $1,580,000, to $3.951500, an in- 
 crease of 150 per cent. : and the de|)osits rose 
 from $5,882,213 to $9,572,286, an increa.se of 
 63 per cent. There is virtually no debt, and 
 the total ta.xation is but seventeen miils on 
 the dollar of an assessment at one-fifth valu- 
 ation, or about three and one-half mills on 
 
 
 
 i^ 
 
the dollar of real value assessment. There are no delinquent taxes, and 
 consequently no delintjuent tax-lists for the newspapers. 'J'he Salt Lake 
 V County tax-list for 1S90 amounted to $53<'^,795, all of which was 
 
 r^'^ promjitly paid, except $2,S53 that represented erroneous assessments. 
 The Salt Lake City tax-list amounted to $215,709 ; of which all 
 but $1,138 was speedily paid in, and the trifling sum unpaid 
 represented erroneous or disputed assessments. Could any 
 statement, in so few words, give a more 
 vivid idea of the prosperity of the region 
 and its people ? In the year ending 
 June 30, 1890, nearly $5,000,000 was 
 spent in new buildings ; and the capital- 
 ization of the new mining, manufactur- 
 ing, mercantile and miscellaneous cor- 
 porations, organized in the Territory 
 during the year, reached the enormous 
 total of $47,932,000. There are about 
 1,200 miles of railroad in the Territory, 
 and new lines are being pushed m many 
 directions. The whole region shows the 
 rush of improvement and prosperity. 
 
 Utah's mines of gold, silver, coi)per 
 and lead, in 1890, yielded $14,346,783 ; 
 its farms, orchards and gardens produced 
 
 idii^- 
 
 ^(^ *f^/'^'> $10,000,000 ; its flocks and herds $5,000,000 ; its coal, iron 
 s^v-f"* and other minerals $1,000,000 ; its lumber, salt and similar 
 
 .' ^»=. commodities $1,000,000 ; and its manufactories, in round 
 
 numbers, $5,000,000; a grand total of $36,346,783, or about $160 
 ^ for every man, woman and child, Centile and Mormon, of its 
 populaticjn. as the proceeds of one year's work. \\'here on all (iod"s earth 
 can a better showing be made ? 
 
 Utah is the banner-land of thrift and progress. 
 
 
 48 
 
UTAH'S GREAT RAILWAY. 
 
 Tiir, CikANi' lIllilI\vA^■ m' Traxkl. 
 
 C'r.' 
 
 \ K" 
 
 L Vi J, ;f I.-''. V 1 v 
 
 •^fw--^ 
 
 
 
 
 :^l]eii God l]ad reared the rLigQsci walls 
 'Round Ulali'& verdi vales-. 
 Tl]er| rnai] canie ori \\\s niission ajid 
 
 He. laid two sliiri'iiiQ rails. 
 O'er wf|ich.in per/ec{ palace car&. 
 Hunianity is wl]irled 
 A[ sixty iTjiles an l^our {fi^Quo}] 
 Ti]i& wonder of ti]e world. 
 
 
 W-r '■■■'': 
 
 ^ST Iron] frozei] Jri^id iT|oui]lairis with 
 1^ Tl]eir policslied peaks of sqow. 
 •I To fields of waviiig polder) jrair] aiid 
 
 Meadow!ai]ds. below. 
 /Tfjrou^l] ^arder]S it] whose preseqce even 
 
 Faradise would pale. 
 ]{\ &ixty n]ile& ai] l]pur we 
 An wl^irled aloi|^ (11^ rail 
 
 ••'■2-. -.ji^ 
 
 
\ \A\ luiiulrcds of miles of this inagiiirK eiil youiii^ empire, 
 opening it up to the knowledge anil admiration of the 
 ^ outside world, to settlement and development and marvel- 
 ous growth, stretches the Rio Cirande Western Railwav ; 
 a I'tah line in every stem and branch, switch, rail and 
 tic ; a Utah line in every whirr of wheels anil whoop of 
 engine, in every interest, effort, purpose and ambition. 
 Though it leads everywhere, and is the only route to many wondrous regions, 
 it begins and ends in I'tah, e.xcept the one long arm which reaches out to 
 clasp hands with its eastern connections at (Irand Junction. It has been a 
 potent factor in the advancement of the territory, and has built itself by up- 
 buikling Utah. It is one of the engineering miracles of the age. It cuts 
 in a thousand i>laces, the rugged backbone of the continent. It traverses 
 regions where p.one I)ut a madman, or a genius inspired, would ever have 
 
 dreameil of laying a track for even a circus irick-nuile to travel. Its trains 
 spin along where it would seem almost impossible for a mountain goat to 
 climb, or anything without wings to pass. Its tracks tlouble and cross 
 themselves like the paths of a bird in the air. And yet, so perfect is its 
 engineering, so massive and so admirable its construction, and so ceaseless 
 the care and supervision of its every detail, that there has never been a 
 serious accident on its lines. Its tracks of heavy steel rails, laid in many 
 places on a bed of solid granite, are patrolleil day and night by vigilant 
 watchmen : every engine is inspected at regular intervals along the way, 
 and every car-wheel rigidly tested. So that travel upon it is reail\ safer 
 than on the prairie roads of Illinois and Iowa, where accidents do now and 
 then occur. Here — never. 
 
 The Rio Grande Western trains are as perfect and as elegant in all their 
 appointments as the famous New York Central and Pennsylvania '* Limited." 
 Its cars, from smokers to sleepers, are models of beauty and comfort, including 
 
 5-' 
 
ence of first-class hotels. 
 
 all the iini)roveiiients of the age. Its drawing- 
 room and sleeping-cars are massive in build, 
 richly decorated with carving and inlaying of 
 various-colored woods, gilding and painting, and 
 costly mirrors and curtains, and furnished with 
 luxurious cushions, marble wash-basins with hot 
 and cold water, snowy towels, and every conveni- 
 The beds are as clean and comfortable as those 
 of any hotel in New York, Philadelphia, or Chicago ; and the wonder- 
 weary traveler delightfully dreams over two hundred and fifty miles of crag 
 and canyon, cliff, cataract, precipice and desert, without a jar or a jolt. 
 
 The day coaches on all trains are built as strongly and with as much 
 attention to artistic effect as the sleepers or parlor-cars. Every car has neat 
 and spacious toilet-rooms, with lavatories for men and women, and lounging 
 and smoking rooms like those of the sleeping-cars. The mail, express and 
 baggage cars are constructed so as to combine the greatest possible strength 
 with the highest facilities for the speedy handling of their various freight- 
 age. All cars and platforms are brilliantly lighted by gas, which is carried 
 in cyliiulers underneath. The locomotives are models of strength and pon- 
 derous beauty. Each weighs 130,000 pounds, or double the weight of the 
 engines in general use a few years ago, and every detail of the mechanism 
 is calculated to secure the greatest attainable power, speed and safety. 
 The entire effect is that of a flying train of i:)alaces-on-wheels, where every 
 man is a sovereign and every woman is a (jueen — who holds either a first or 
 second class ticket. There are no changes of cars between Chicago, Den- 
 ver, Salt Lake, Ogden and San Francisco, except for passengers who wish 
 to take in the magnificent scenery along the Denver v\: Rio (Irande narrow- 
 gauge line. They change at Grand Junction by sini]-)!y ste!:)ping from one 
 car to another at the union depot. 
 
 To the traveler on business or for pleasure, going from east to west or west 
 to east, the Rio (Irande Western Railway offers the only through line from 
 Denver to Salt Lake City that traverses the grand scenery of the Colorado 
 mountains and canyons, and gives choice of three famous routes : ]ly the 
 Denver <S: Rio Crande standard gauge through the (irand River canyons, 
 and by l.eadville, Colorado Springs, Pike's Peak aiul the Mount of the Holy 
 Cross , by the Denver \- Rio Grande narrow gauge^ through the Black 
 Canyon of the Gunnison, over Marshall Pass, and through the Royal Ciorge 
 and the Grand Canyon of the .Vrkansas ; and by the Colorado Midland, by 
 Glenwood Springs, Hagerman 'I'unnel, South I'ark, I'te Park, Pike's Peak 
 and Manitou 'I'o the freight shipper it offers as short a line and as (|uick 
 time as any other road, with choice of seven direct connections at Denver, 
 Colorado Springs and Pueblo : the Chicago, Burlington c\: Quincy. the Rock 
 Isiaiul, the Atchison, Topeka iV Santa Fe, the Missouri Pacific, Union 
 
 56 
 
I'aoitk-, Kansas Pacilk-, ami ihc L'liinii I'aciric. I )c'nvcr i\: (iiilf. To anybody 
 and everybody, bound from anywhere to anywhere else, to transcontinental 
 tourists, as well as t > local shippers and journeyers, the Rio (irande \\'estern 
 Railway, controlled and managed by able, progressive and liberal men, who 
 stand in the front rank of their profession, offers every inducement and 
 accommodation — safe track, superb trains, good service, dainiv eating- 
 houses, (juick time, close connections and low rates. It is the business 
 man's route between the West and East. It is the artist's and tourist's 
 route to all that is sublimest and grandest in scenery on the c(jntinent. It 
 is the sportsman's route to mountains and forests that abound with bears, 
 cougars or mountain lions, ileer, wolves and other game ; and lakes and 
 streams that swarm wiih sjieckled trout. In one region along the line 
 Milton Lyon and his partner, old trappers, during the early months of 1891 
 killed thirty-five bears, including black, cinnamon and grizzly, and a number 
 of cougars, besides all other game ; they brought in eleven bear skins to the 
 station in one day. It is the homeseeker's route to millions on millions of 
 acres of free farming and grazing lands. It is the stock-raiser's route to 
 cattle-ranges and sheep-pastures that cost nothing, where the grass never 
 dies, and the horizon is the only fence. It is the fortune-hunter's route to 
 ten thousand bonanza mines, present and to come. It is the invalid's route 
 to one of God's own sanitariums, where every breath is balm, and health is 
 universal as the blessetl air of heaven. 
 All aboard for a flying trip along its lines. 
 
X. 
 
 A WONDERFUL TOUR 
 
 A Flyim; Tkii' ovku iiik Links oi" tiik Rio (jRaxdf 
 Westkkx, wnii Gi.iMi'SKs ok Tin: CdUXTRv. 
 
 (iDEN IS tin- starting 
 point — and a worthy 
 one for such a jaunt — ( )j;clen, 
 the picturesque and prosper- 
 ous. In the delta of the 
 ^^'e!)er and Ogden rivers, on a 
 lofty bench of the Great Salt Lake, the 
 young city sits enthroned like a (jueen 
 of the mountains and valleys, liehind 
 it rise the majestic Wasatch moiuitains, 
 in front <jleam the blue tureen waters of 
 the wondrous inland sea, and on cither 
 hand as far as the eye can reach stretches the glorious valley with its 
 grain-fields and meadows, its orchards and vineyartls, gardens and groves. 
 Ogden grew from a population of 6,069, ''^ 1S80, to 14,919, in 1S90, an in- 
 crease of 129 per cent., and it has nearly 20,000 in 1S91. Its eighty whole- 
 sale houses did $7,181,000 of business in 1890, ami its bank clearings ran 
 from $250,000 to $500,000 a week. Its real estate transfers during the year 
 reached the amazing aggregate of $9,978,277, or nearly $850,000 a month, 
 
 58 
 
ami 1,037 biiililiiigs were erected at a cost of $1,769,719- ^^^ factories in- 
 creaseil over 50 per cent., aiul the year's product amoir.ited to $1,538,430- 
 It has seven banks witli a combined capital of about §1,500,000. Its 
 post-olifice handled 4,745,000 letters, and its tele.[,aaph olilices 1,422,696 
 messages during 1S90, a record hardly equaled in any other city in the 
 world of the same population. Ogden has water works with a capacity 
 
 of 10,000,000 gallons a day. twenty miles of electric street railway, elec- 
 tric light, gas works and telephone. It has many costly and handsome 
 public and private buildings, fme public schools and private academies, 
 inchuling a military institute. The territorial reform school is also located 
 here. The whole surrounding country is rich in mines of gold, silver, cop- 
 per, lead and iron, and the newly tliscovered bonanzas of La Plata are almost 
 at the doors of Ogden. The famous Utah Hot Springs, where many mar- 
 velous cures have been effected, are near the city, and a charming bathing 
 resort on the Salt Lake beach is in plain view of the court-house. Ogden is 
 growing and improving at race-horse speed, and is destined to become one of 
 
 59 
 
the mosl important cities between tlie Missouri river ami the Pacific coast. 
 From its magnificent union depot, surpassintj anything of the kind in Omaha, 
 Minneapolis, St. Paul or St. Louis, the superb Rio Orande Western train 
 rolls out for Denver and the east. 
 
 .\ rush of eighteen miles, through fields waving with rich harvests and 
 orchards bending under their burdens of fruit, thrcjugh Hooper and Layton, 
 and it passes Kaysville where two Mormon farmers recently raised a hundred 
 and si.\ bushels of wheat to the acre and sold it, measuring that number of 
 bushels for every acre they had in cultivation, to the great Zion store in 
 Salt Lake City. Four miles further to F'armington, where the spur of track 
 runs down to the Lake Park Bathing Beach with its pavilions and piers, bath- 
 houses, verandas and promenades, and its e.xtensive salt works ; on past 
 Lake Shore Station, where tens of thousands of tons of salt arc made with- 
 out cost frcim the wondrous lake waters ; past Wood's Crossing and Hot 
 Springs, where a flood of almost boiling waters pours from the side of a 
 granite cliff, as full of healing virtues as those of Arkansas or Carlsbad or 
 Baden Baden ; on amid meadows of sweet-scented alfalfa and orchards of 
 peaches and apricots, nectarines, apples and plums, with the grand Wasatch 
 peaks always on the left hand and the azure e.xpanse of the great lake on 
 the right ; and, with a shrill " howdye-do " of salutation from the locomotive 
 to the spires and minarets of Zion, the train dashes into Salt Lake City, the 
 ca|:)ital of LTtah and of Mormondom. 
 
 With engine fresh coaled and watered and wheels all newly nispected, it 
 sweeps on between long avenues of shade trees and past charming suburban 
 homes embowered in foliage, fruit and flowers, and seven miles out it begins 
 to pass the great smelters at F^rancklyn, (lermania and l^ingham Junction 
 strung along the track for four miles. They reduce about 75,000 tons of 
 sdver ores a year. 
 
 At Bingham Junction, one branch line strikes off to the rich J5ingham 
 mines sixteen miles southwest. Another branch, ten miles long, runs to 
 Wasatch at the mouth of Little Cottonwood Canyon, where all the white 
 granite for the Mormon temple in Salt Lake City was quarried. For four 
 miles on both sides the canyon is walled with this beautiful stone. F'rom 
 Wasatch a tramway leads to Alta where the famous F>mma mine is located. 
 
 The main line tram halts but an instant at Bingham Junction, and speeds 
 on up the fertile and beautiful Jordan River Valley, past Draper and Jortlan 
 Narrows, and after a run of twenty-one miles whirls into Lehi, a beautiful 
 little city of 3,000 i^eople, with all its houses hicklen in the green of trees 
 and vines. It takes its name from Lehi, according to The Book of Mormon, 
 the ancestor of the American Lulians. The country around it is like a vast 
 garden. Within from twenty to forty-five miles are all the mines of Cotton- 
 wood, .\merican Fork, Bingham and Tintic. There are a number of flourish- 
 ing manufactories, and the Utah Beet Sugar Factory, is the largest concern 
 
 60 
 
of the kind in the 
 I' n i t e d States, 
 the phmt costing 
 nearly §500,000. 
 Near here, where 
 the Jordan River flows 
 out of Utah Lake, are 
 hot springs of great 
 curative power. 
 On four miles to AnitMican l-'ork, a pn-tty town of 2.500 ])eople, the whole 
 place, like everv (►ther in this region, lost in fruit-trees and (lowers. Near 
 it. on the shores of beautiful I'tah Lake, is a favorite picnic and camping 
 ground. A §20.000 hotel has recently been built. Here start the wagon 
 roads to .American l-ork mines, about twenty miles away. Four miles 
 further and IJattle Creek is jnissed, anil a further whirl of nine miles l)rings 
 I'rovo into view — and a charming view it is. .\ city c)f 5,000 people, on the 
 shores of the lovely Utah Lake, with the mighty wall of the Wasatch moun- 
 tains as a background. Handsome buildings, all buried in their wealth of 
 fruit-trees, flowers and vines. A surrounding country that is a vast garden, 
 teeming with every variety of grain, fruit and vegetable. Here is the largest 
 woolen mill west of the Missouri River. Its goods are sold in nearly every 
 
 r)2 
 
stale :uul icirilory of ilie I'nioii : one nf iIk- leacliii)^ business-houses of 
 Salt Lake City sells no goods but tiiose made here. The territorial insane 
 asylum, which stands on a hi;..jh point in the edge of tiie place, would do 
 credit architecturally to any city of any state. lirigham Yoimg Academy, 
 just complcteil. is a large and handsome structure. Provo, during 1S90, 
 six-nt $560,791 in new buildings. Two daily papers are published in the 
 city, and here the Rio (Irantle Western Railway crosses the I'tah Central. 
 
 ( )n, with a whirr of Hying wheels, si.\ miles to S|>ringville, where the 
 Tinlic Range branch of the Rio (irande NN'estern leaves the main line, and 
 pushes through Spanish Fork, a city of 3,500 ])eople in "a lantl llowing 
 with milk and honey," where every acre is a garden. The city put nearly 
 S6o,ooo in new buiklings in 1S90, has flouring mills, a foundrv, broom- 
 fact(jry and artesian wells, and is solidly prosperous in all its industries. 
 \'ast deposits of pure alum have been founil here. 
 
 On through Fayson and Coshen, a region rich in all agricultural i)rodur- 
 lions. \\'est of (ioshen, the new branch line enters Pifion Canyon, and runs 
 for ten miles through as wikl and rugged scenes as can be found in all this 
 region of scenic wonders. ihe track through the canyon is a ilizzv puzzle 
 in engineering. It winds ami climbs, twists, turns and wriggles, and at last 
 absolutely crosses itself backward and forward, tying itself into a loop like 
 a double bow-knot. There are but tw<) similar track tangles in the United 
 States, one in California and the other in Colorado. Out of this canyon 
 labyrinth, the line emerges in the far-famed Tintic mining-camp : ami, just 
 on beyond that, will doubtless ere long rush its iron-horse into the newly 
 discovered Deep Creek bonanza region, whose richness is 
 attracting wide-spread attention now. 
 
 Springville, where this tligression left the main line, is a 
 shade-embowered city of 3,500 populaticjn, surrounded l)v a 
 region as rich ami productive as the sun shines on. All ^ 
 
 grains, grasses, fruits ami vegetables grow in endless pro- ^; " 
 
 fusion. Streams of limpid water flow through the ,^ 
 
 
 -.tr-- 
 
streets. About $30,000 was expended in 1890 in new buildings, and the 
 sales of merchandise amounted to nearly §450,000. There are many credit- 
 able buildings, public ami private, and a number of flourishing industries, 
 including an extensive woolen-mill. 
 
 On four miles, to Vista antl through Pole Canyon ; and, in a few minutes, 
 Castilla Springs, with its floods of healing waters, bursting from the inoun- 
 tain's side, is reached. There are baths of all sorts and temperatures, and a 
 great swimming pool, and any disease that is curable by thermal waters can 
 be relieved here. 
 
 -V l)rief run and Thistle junction is reached, where the San Pete \'alley 
 branch of the Rio (Irande Western starts toward the vast mines and (juar- 
 ries, grainflelds and fruit gardens that lie tt)ward the south, (ilance for a 
 moment down this branch line. Two miles from Thistle is Asphaltum 
 station, where there is a bed of nearly pure asphaltum, covering a scpiare 
 mile, and from eight to fourteen feet thick. Six miles further, and at Xebo 
 a view is caught of Mount Xebo, one of the tallest and grandest peaks in 
 Utah, snow-capped all the year. About a mile below Xebo the road 
 enters the Indian Reservation, ami six miles onward is Indianola, around 
 which cluster the adobe houses and tepees of a branch of the great I'te 
 tribe, whence Utah has its name. They do a little farming and stock-rais- 
 ing, and a good deal of hunting and Ashing, and, all things considered, are 
 generally doing well. A\'hirling on through twenty miles of pastures and 
 farms, past Hilltop and Milburn, at Fairview a glorious view of the San 
 Pete valley, " the granary of I'tah," bursts upon the enchanted eye. The 
 whole country for fifty miles is a mingling of field and garden. Onlv two 
 miles more, and the train sweeps into Mount Plea.sant, nestled in peach and 
 apricot, apple, pear and plum tree.s, all bowed down with their loads of fruit. 
 The town stands at the foot of the mountain on a commanding site. It has 
 about 3,000 i^opulation, a flouring-mill antl planing mill, and is the seat of 
 Wa.satch Academy, a Presbyterian school of some repute I'ive miles in 
 twelve minutes, and Spring City is passed, with great masses of snow-crowned 
 mountains east and southeast of it ; antl, in ten miles more, Ei^hraim's 
 bt)wers of fruit and shatle are entered. In a populatit)n of 2,200, there are 
 800 school children, besides all those too young for schooling. .\ new depot, 
 new hotel and many other new builtlings tell the story of prosperity. 
 
 .V tlash of six miles onwaril, and Manti is reachetl, with 2,300 pet)ple, and 
 hardly a poor man among ihem. IlerL-. at the top of four lofty terraces 
 hewn from the mountain sitle. stands the magnificent Mormon temple, which 
 has cost $2,500,000, and is t)nly secontl to the t)ne in Salt Lake City. It is 
 nearly two hundred feet long, one hundred wide and t)ne hunilretl high, with 
 massive towers at each end rising one hundred antl seventv-five feet in the 
 air. It is built of snow-while oolite, quarried t)ut of the site on which it 
 stands, antl the whole workmanship is exquisite. It can be plainly seen for 
 
 66 
 
forty miles up and down the valley. A hot sprinj;-, on the edge of the town, 
 pours out a hundred cubic feet a minute of water gifted with remarkable 
 medicinal (jualities. Just below Manli are the strange " Saleratus Beds,'' 
 where for two miles or more the road runs through vast deposits of soda 
 pure enough for cooking purposes. It was near Manti that a railroad right- 
 of-wav man came across a Mormon .Mr. ( )Ison, who had four wives, all 
 named .Vnna. The deeds to the right-of-way had to be signed by the entire 
 four Mrs. Anna Olsons. 
 
 The train rushes on througii a continuous succession of grainfields and 
 orchards. Sterling, (iunnison and Willow Creek are passed, the Sevier \'al- 
 ley is entered, and the locomotive screams its greeting to Salina, the present 
 terminus of the branch. Just back of the town are mountains of rock salt, 
 much of it as clear as crystal, and absolutely pure. Millions on millions of 
 tons of it can be blasted out as cheap as dirt. About a mile south of these 
 mountainous monuments to the memory of Lot's wile is a mountain of 
 almost pure gypsum, and there is kaolin enough to furnish all the potteries 
 and candy-makers of the world. The whole region abounds with game and 
 fish. 
 
 From Salina, a stage-ride, that condenses in a few hours grandeur ana 
 variety and novelty enough to glorify all the memories of the most monot- 
 onous and commonplace life, takes one into the great canyons of the Colo- 
 rado, where (iod Almighty Himself seems to have fmished His labors in scenic 
 magnificence, feeling that there was nothing more for even Omnipotence to 
 do for the delight of human eye and soul. In Marble Canyon, the walls of 
 solid marble, beautiful as ever sculptor's chisel wrought into an immortality 
 of genius, tower thousands on thousands of feet heavenward on either hand ; 
 and along the Vermillion Cliffs, the rainbow itself fades, by contrast with the 
 myriads of dazzling tints and hues, into a colorless arch of shamefaced fog. 
 
 The San Pete Valley which begins about thirty miles norlh of Manti, 
 extends for fifty miles southward, an unbroken vision of fertility ami beauty. 
 Six miles north of Salina it merges into the glorious valley of the Sevier, 
 which runs forty miles south to the mouth of Clear Creek Canyon, 
 leading to the new and much-talked-of Marysvale mines. Below Marysvale 
 begins another valley of wonderful wealth, that extends to the cotton and 
 semi-tropical fruit lands of Southern Utah. Is the Rio (irande Western 
 going to push its long arms of iron and steel into these new empires of rich 
 fruitage and freightage? It would be safe to lay wagers upon it. 
 
 lUit back to Thistle, to resume the interrupted main line jaunt. Thistle 
 has immense ipiantities of fine building stone. On, amid crags and canyons ; 
 through Red Narrows, Mill Fork and Clear Creek ; past Soldier Summit, 
 where one of Albert Sidney Johnston's soldiers in the " Mormon War " lies 
 buried nearly 10,000 feet above the level of the sea. Near Soldier Summit, 
 ozokerite or mineral wax is found. Seven miles further, and Pleasant \'alley 
 
 68 
 
Jiinclio!! is reached, whence a branch road, eighteen miles in length, leads 
 to the I'leasant \'alley coal-mines, where hundreds of thousands of tons of 
 black diamonds are annually mined. At Hale's station on the coal branch, 
 nine miles from the Junction, the Rio Grande ^^'estern company cuts all 
 its supplies of ice on Fish creek, a stream clear as crystal and swarming 
 with trout. 
 
 I'Vom Pleasant \'alley Junction to Kyune on the main line is six miles, and 
 the whole distance is through mountains of the finest quality of gray sand- 
 stone, which several strong companies are quarrying and shipping. The 
 name of Kyune originatetl with a shiftless fellow who, in hunting, some 
 years ago, came across " a strange varmint " where the station now stands. 
 He described it as a "kind of a ky-une lookin' critter," meaning a sort of 
 cross between a coyote and a coon — and the name stuck. On, nine miles 
 through the glorious canyon of Price river, where every turn of the track 
 reveals scenes but little less grand and picturesque than those of the Grand 
 Canyon of the Arkansas. Precipices of stone, thousands of feet high, carved 
 and twisted, by ages of floods and storms, into all weird and fantastic shapes 
 that the maddest imagination can conceive ; castles, cathedrals, fortresses, 
 towers and spires, animals, birds and reptiles, all on a scale so colossal that 
 the mightiest structures of men are dwarfed, by contrast — for comparison 
 there is none — to sick children's Noah's Arks, with elephants an inch high 
 and giraffes scarcely larger than full-grown Jersey mosquitoes. The flying 
 train passes out of the canyon at Castle Gate, where two gigantic pillars of 
 stone, towering nearly to the clouds, form a gateway that has been pictured 
 by artists and daubers throughout the world. Here are the great Castle 
 Gate coal-mines and coking-works, which have already been mentioned. 
 Three miles eastward is Helper station, where a " helper " engine is attached 
 to trains coming west to help them over the steep grades of Price Canyon. 
 Seven miles onward to Price Station, where Price river is 
 crossed. It is the shipping point for all the country 
 within a hundred and fifiv miles of the road on the 
 
 
north, including two Indian Reservations and a military post. Fort Thorn- 
 burg ; and for a region extending for fifty miles south of the town. It 
 handles a great deal of live stock, and ships the asphaltum of the Fort 
 Duchesne company. It is the starting point of daily stage lines to many 
 places north and south of the railroad, and boasts of a lively newspaper 
 as one of its pet institutions. On through Huntington and Farnham, 
 a twelve-mile-long strip of green fertility about two miles wide, walled in 
 by desert. Wherever water touches the soil, trees, rich harvest-fields, 
 meadows of alfalfa, grass waist-high to the cattle, fruit and flowers. Sunny- 
 side is a narrow oasis. At Cedar the whole desert as far as the eye can 
 reach is dotted with straggling clumps of Spanish cedar or mountain ma- 
 hogany, which grows in some mysterious way where even sagebrush gives 
 up disheartened. " Grassy," seven miles further east, seems to take its 
 name from the fact that there is not a blade of grass within a mile of it. 
 Lower Crossing of Price river is a stock-shipping point. About twenty- 
 five miles away in the wild Book Mountains begins the Range Valley, 
 eighty miles long by fifteen wide, wonderfully fertile and watered by moun- 
 tain streams, but absolutely inaccessible except by a hazardous mule or burro 
 trail. It is used by the Range Valley Cattle Company as a ranch, said to be 
 the most extensive in Utah. The whole region abounds with bear, deer, 
 mountain lions or cougars, lynxes, wolves and other game, and all the streams 
 swarm with speckled trout. Six miles further east is Green River Station, 
 one of the prettiest spots on the whole line, an oasis of verdure and bloom 
 in a wide-spreading desert. It is just west of the long bridge over Green 
 river. The Rio Grande Western has an elegant hotel here, called the Palmer 
 House, in honor of the president of the company. It is surrounded by green 
 lawns, shade-trees, gardens and fruit. Fountains play in a charming little 
 park in front of the house, although every drop of w^ater has to be piped 
 and pumped from the river. The house is admirably kept, and its table is 
 not surpassed at any railroad station in the country. 
 
 Eight miles east of Green River, " Solitude " is well named. On through 
 nineteen miles of desert, the only semblance of green is an occasional ]iatch 
 of dwarfed and brownish sage-brush. It is so bare and barren that it would 
 seem as though the very ravens that solemnly stalk around amid its desola- 
 tion w'ould have to carry their own canteens and haversacks, as Phil. Sheri- 
 dan said the crows would have to do in the Shenandoah \'alley. .\nd yet 
 there is a wondrous fascination about it. There is a suggestion of the Great 
 Sahara. Lew Wallace's marvelous description of the de.sert in "Ben Hur" 
 rises before the eye of memory. And then this American desert is walled 
 in on both sides by such weirdly, wondrously fantastic mountains that it is 
 always interesting to the point of fascination. In some places the cliffs that 
 border it are first low, bare mounds; then higher ranges level along the top; 
 then mighty precipices striped horizontally with white, yellow, dark-red and 
 
l)iir|)lc strata, tlic layers as rcj^iilar as ihuiigli pamted, aiul tlic vast masses 
 cut by deep canyons into millions of strange shapes. Near Lower Crossing, 
 off to the eastward, there is a figure of an elephant five hundred feet long 
 lying ilown, with feet, legs, ears anil trunk as perfect as though hewn by 
 Titanic sculptors. In the same region, on a terraced foundation a thousand 
 feet high, there is a vast temple a half mile long and five hundred feet high, 
 with a mighty dome in the centre rising two hundred feet higher ; while 
 away off, ten or fifteen miles west, there is a far larger structure, double 
 domed, one dome being pyramidal and the other conical. Between Crescent 
 and 'I'hompson's, away off to the west or southwest, looms up a great city 
 of red sandstone on top of a lofty mountain. Huildings, chimneys, towers 
 and spires are all so perfect that it is almost impo.ssible to believe that the 
 genii or the fairies have not reared a real city as large at least as Chicago 
 in this wild realm of fantasy. Twenty-five miles away, on the t(jp of a lofty 
 mountain range, stands an exact counterpart of the Capitol at Washington 
 that must be a mile in length and from five hundred to a thousand feet in 
 height to show as it does at so great a distance. 
 
 Thompson's Springs, twenty-seven miles east of (Ireen River, is another 
 oasis of trees and grass, grain and fiowers. The water is piped four miles 
 from a spring in the canyon. The place is a shipping-point for cattle from 
 the distant ranches. There is abunilance of coal and asphaltum in the 
 neighborhood, but neither has ever been worked. On through the moun- 
 tain-walled desert, past Sager's and Whitehouse and Cisco ; and Agate is 
 reached, where thousands of acres are covered with beautiful water-agates 
 and carnelians. Cottonwood is passed, and at \\'estwater the train plunges 
 into one of the wildest and grandest canyons on the line. For fifteen miles 
 of wonder Nature seems to have cut her weirdest capers. Between West- 
 water and Utaline, across Grand River, along the dizzy brink of which the 
 train is flying, is a vast cavern in a blood-red cliff. It seems a fit temple for 
 the mighty gods and other ciueeriosities, whose giant effigies, carved in 
 granite and red sandstone, stand in solemn, silent array along a thousand 
 strange cliffs and mountain-tops. Near Utaline, where the Rio Crande 
 Western, for the only time in all its wanderings, crosses the boundary-line 
 of Utah, and enters Colorado, off far to the southward, through a break in 
 the wall of mountains, another range appears, crowned with a hundred or 
 more gigantic copies of the Great Pyramid of Ghizeh, magnified a score of 
 times, .\cross the river near Ruby, on the point of a mountain sits a huge 
 Arab, with a dark-stained red sandstone face, and a white stone turban and 
 burnous ; while behind him stands a perfect drometlary two hundred feet 
 high, with stony eyes aj^parently fi.xed upon his mightv master. Not more 
 than a mile away a procession of gigantic Egyptian priests, robed and gai- 
 landed. are marching down the precipice, the smallest of them a hundred 
 feet tail. Past Ruby, and the canyon opens out into desert again, bounded 
 
^' 
 
 ^ 
 
 Nt-r 
 
 ..Jp near \\\e mountains cragoy crest "*'^^" 
 
 i Tr\e mishly rnpsuls s[rong and proud- ■^'■ 
 
 ^ tinTo7n^^.f'. ^."'^'^5 |a,nst ?he,r breast 
 •V.in pointed pilots pierce the cloud 
 
 ni5h mountains -seeming little hills - 
 
 -rnboss the spreading plain below ' <fM 
 
 MHd rivers look like laughino nib ' ■ • 
 
 As down the distant vale Ihey /low. * ^*^' 
 
 ■■'^re in a wierd cold wintry orave 
 Wrapped iq a marble shroud oj snow 
 With not a ripple not a wave 
 Cajmly sleeps Loch Ivanhoe. 
 sut with the coming of the spnno 
 The liUie flowers will bud and blow 
 And 5!adsome songs lf]e birds will si-- 
 Alorjg ;h]e banks o/ Ivanhoe. 
 
 
 <;':,^ 
 
on both sides slill l)y Uic niuiiiilains swariniii;^ with weird, lantastic shapes. 
 The train flies on i)ast Crevasse ; and Fruita, uliere water's magical touch 
 has transformed the desert into a garden of llowers and fruit, and made the 
 station a great shipping-point of peaches, apricots, a))ples, ])ears and melons. 
 Roan is left behind, and in a few minutes more (irand Junction is reached. 
 It is a city of aliout 4,000 jieople, tastefully laid out and well built. It has 
 electric ligiit, Holly water-works, street-cars, good schools, churches of all the 
 leading denominations, and daily papers chuck-full of boom sjjirit. Just 
 back of the city, the whole face of the mountains assumes the exact shape of 
 vast white-stone curtains, a thousand feet long, fluted and plaited, and sur- 
 mounted by quaintly carved lambrequins of red sandstone fifty or a hundred 
 feet high, (irand Junction, as its name denotes, is a junctional point of 
 both rivers and railroads. Here the Grand and the Gunnison rivers unite ; 
 and here the east-bound journeyer has choice of three routes, all abounding 
 in magnificent scenery, world-famous mines of gold and silver, glorious 
 health and pleasure resorts, and unsurpassed hunting and fishing ; and all 
 superbly equipped, and furnishing every comfort, convenience and lu.xury, 
 that the highest perfection of railroading can suggest. 
 
 1. The Denver & Rio (irande standard-gauge line whirls him through 
 all the wild glories of the Grand River Canyons ; and past the famous Rock 
 Creek, Red Cliff and Belden mines, which in rugged picturesqueness surpass 
 the dizziest habitations of Alpine cliff-ilwellers. It takes him through Lead- 
 ville, one of the mining wonders of the ages ; a camp 12,000 feet above the 
 low level of the sea, that in ten years produced nearly $160,000,000 in gold, 
 silver, copper and lead ; antl that turned out §13,684,000 in 1889. It spins 
 him through the Grand Canyon of the Arkansas and the Royal Gorge, that 
 all human language has been bankrupted trying to describe ; past Colorado 
 Springs, where a beautiful young city of 12,000 people has risen, like a 
 magic exhalation, in a day, around wondrous fountains of healing ; under 
 the shadows of Pike's Peak, with its crown of everlasting snow, and its 
 marvelous cogwheel railroad, a trip over which is worthy of a century's 
 remembrance ; and into Denver, the proud " Queen City of the Rocky 
 Mountains," whose history lays all romance flat upon its back, and makes 
 the most gorgeous tales of genii and fairies seem commonplace and tame. 
 
 2. Or, from Grand Junction, the traveler can take the far-famed Den- 
 ver iV- Rio Grande narrow-gauge line, which condenses in a four-hundred- 
 and-twenty-five mile run grand and varied scenery enough to have rendered 
 the world picturesque, if God Almighty had made it everywhere else a 
 desert plain. The savage grandeur and beauty of the Black Canyon of the 
 Gunnison ; of Marshall Pass, where the road winds sixty-five miles to travel 
 thirteen, aiul where one can look back over eight tracks, all at different 
 heights ; of the Grand Canyon of the .\rkansas and the Royal Gorge, defy 
 all genius of tongue or pen, brush or pencil to depict them. 
 
 75 
 
3- Last, but far fruin least in interest or importance, the Colorado Mid- 
 land, with a superb track, and trains perfect in every detail, will send the 
 eastward-journeying pilgrim Hying from Orand Junction, past (ilenwood 
 '* *-^ -Springs, with its glorious fountains and baths; through Red 
 ■ '■^^'^ Rock Canyon ; past the majestic Seven Castles; through 
 
 Hell date, with its labyrinth of savage grotesqueries ; 
 past exquisite Loch Ivanhoe, a liquid jewel on 
 -iv^. the rocky bosom of giant ruggedness ; and 
 through Hagerman Tunnel, 11,528 feet, or 
 more than two miles above the level of the 
 sea, leaving great masses of snowy clouds 
 far below. The train speeds on through 
 Leadville and Buena Vista ; winds around 
 Ciold Hill, where Hierstadt sketched his 
 great picture, "The Heart of the Rocky 
 Mountains ; " dashes through South Park, 
 (iranite Canyon and Summit Park ; past 
 picturesque and beautiful (ireen Mountain 
 Falls, a fashionable summer sauntering- 
 place ; around the foot of Pike's Peak ; 
 past the Garden of the Cods ; through 
 Manitou, with its famous springs antl cav- 
 erns, its half-hundred hotels and its swarms 
 of summer guests from every region of the 
 * globe; through Colorado Springs; and into Denver — 
 A^ "^ into whose royal borders, as into those of Imperial Rome, "all 
 roads lead" — in the Rocky Mountain Realms. 
 
 It is a trip to be remembered with profit antl delight as long as life and 
 memory last, even though one should live to discount Methuselah as a 
 kitten. It is an unbroken eight-hundred-mile-long panorama of all that is 
 grandest and weirdest, most sublime and beautiful in Nature's handiwork ; 
 Jehovah's artistic masterpieces on the most stupendous scale. Mountains, 
 whose heads are crowned with the snows of untold ages, while their feet are 
 lost in the verdure and bloom of everlasting summer gardens. Rocks, 
 thousands on thousands of feet high, and of every tint antl hue, from white 
 and black and brown to pink and blue, golden, orange and blood-red, 
 carved and chiseled by tiie omnipotent fingers of whirlpools and eddies and 
 rushing floods into gigantic sculptures that dwarf ail the sphyn.xes and pyra- 
 mids, obelisks, arches, domes and towers of men to puny babies' j^laythings. 
 Mighty rivers, as large as the upper Mississippi or Ohio, tumbling and j)lung- 
 ing and kicking up their liquid heels like the maddest and giddiest trout 
 brooks. Peaks, whose crests are wreathed with snowy clouds ; and canyons, 
 whose fathomless, yawning glooms lav an unwonted spell of decent silence 
 
 76 
 
on even the niosl llippviiu average laslnonable tourist gazer. Cataracts and 
 cascades, whose wild, leapnig waters are churned and dashed into foam and 
 spray and feathery mist long before they strike the stony basins dizzv depths 
 below ; while myriads of irises and rainbows dance in every gorge where a 
 straggling sunbeam fmds its lucent way. And deserts weird and de.'^olate as 
 the Great Sahara, looking as though the ocean had been swept by a million 
 cyclones and whirlwinds, and in the midst of the awful commotion had 
 suddenly petrified in eternal loneliness of alkali and sand. 
 
 All the boasted mountain scenery, from the New Hampshire "Notch " to 
 far-famed *' Lookout," where tire historic " Hattle above the Clouds" never 
 took place, would l(«>k like ant-hills and pig-troughs in any hundred miles of 
 the I'tah and Colorado Rockies — the only Real ^^'onderland, with the 
 " R. W." blown in the glass, of the I'nited-Statian part of the new world. 
 Compared with a thousand places along the Rio Grande Western route, all 
 such inuch-aelvtrtised scenes as the Horseshoe Curve, the Bridge across the 
 Potomac at Harper's Ferry, the New River Rapids ami the Hawk's Nest, 
 and the would-be wildest little .Adirondack crags and glens and gullies, 
 grow lame as tennis courts or crocpiet grounds. All the rocks and ripples, 
 cliffs and gulches of the 20,000-annual-visitored Dells of the Wisconsin 
 could be lost beyond the power of the keenest-eyed buzzard that wears 
 feathers to lind them in this land of \ast Picturescjues. The whole .\lle- 
 ghany and ]!lue Ridge systems of mountains wouUI look like a prairie-dog 
 town anywhere among the glacier-capped Sierras 01 Utah and Colorado. 
 The Alps themselves would dwindle by contrast, l-'or miles at a stretch 
 every foot of the railroad track had to be blasted from the solid granite face 
 of precipices that touch the clouds, aK)ng the dizzifying margin of savage 
 torrents that have raged and roared and foamed for ages in vain attempts 
 to cleave for themselves a broader pathway to the far-off seas. The Rio 
 Grande \\ estern trains are often wrappeil in clouils, and sometimes fly along 
 for miles above the tleecy flounces of the skies ; but the track, like the house 
 of the scriptural wi.se man. is "builded on a rock," and // is abso/itkly safe. 
 It never hail an accident, am! with its perfect system of track and car and 
 engine inspection, it probably never will. It is The Grand Safe and Sceinc 
 Route of the World. 
 
 :iV. 
 
 78 
 
xr. 
 
 GREAT SALT LAKE 
 
 'i'ln: Dkai) Ska oi A.mkkka- — A \\'aii.u\ Ma(. a/ink ok 
 Infinite Ru iiks — I.\( (»mi'arai;i.i; Ska BATiiiN(;. 
 
 HI', .M( )SI' woiulcTlul ffaliiic of all this wonderlaiui 
 tour, llu' nii^hliest marvel of all-marvelous Utah, 
 an ocean of majestic mystery clail in beaiitv divine, 
 is (ireat Salt Lake, the American Dead Sea. 
 Among all earth's weiril wonders in water it has 
 but one rival or peer — the miracle-made sea whose 
 waves of doom and oblivion roll over Sodom and 
 Gomorrah, the Chicagos of forty centuries ago. Think of a lake from 
 twenty-five hundred to three thousand square miles in area, Iving a tliou- 
 sand miles inland, at an altitude of four thousand, two hundreil and fifty 
 feet ai)ove the sea level, wlu)sc waters are six limes as salt as those of the 
 ocean ; and, while it has no outlet, four large rivers pouring their ceaseless 
 floods of fresh water into it witliout raising its mysterious surface a frai- 
 tion of an inch, or ever diminishing, so far as chemical analysis can deter- 
 mine, its indescribable saltiness. Where does all the water go? \\here 
 does all the salt, that no streams can freshen, come from ' \\'iuTe are the 
 vast saline magazines from which it draws its everlasting sup|)lies ? ( )ne 
 may stand upon its shores and ask a thousand such questions but no 
 answer comes from its mysterious depths, in which nothing lives but death 
 and silence. 
 
 \\'hen, m February, 1S46, twenty thousand .Mormons, uiuler the leadership 
 of I5righam \'oung, started from Nauvoo, Illinois, on their two-tlu)Usanil-mile 
 pilgrimage through the trackless wilderness of the American West, they j^ro- 
 claimed themselves the moikrn Israel in search of the promised land. It 
 was a strange fate, or destiny, or Providence, that leil them to a region so 
 similar to the " Land of Tromise " of Israel of old. There, the lake of Gen- 
 nesaret, or sea of Galilee, was fresh water and full of fish. The Jordan 
 River flowed out of it and emptied into the I )eail Sea, which is so salt and 
 
 79 
 
acrid that no living thing is found in its waters. Here, Provo or Utah Lake 
 is fresh and sweet, and its limpid waters swarm with speckled trout and other 
 fish as savory as any that strained the nets of Peter, James and John. Out 
 of it flows the Mormon River Jordan, and after rambling for forty or fifty 
 miles through orchards and meadows, grain fields and gardens, pours its sil- 
 very tide into Great Salt Lake, the saltiest body of water on the globe, sur- 
 l)assing even its Judean counterpart by one and a half per cent. In the Holy 
 Land the Jordan flows from north to south, while the Utaii Jordan flows 
 from south to north. Mount Nebo stood like a giant sentinel overlooking 
 the ancient "land fl(nving with milk and honey," and here Mount Nebo, lift- 
 ing its crown of eternal snow twelve thousand feet heavenward, stands guard 
 forever over a fairer Canaan than Moses viewed, but never entered. 
 
 Salt Lake was once as large as Lake Huron, and was over a thousand 
 feet deep. Its former benches and the marks of its olden wave-plashings 
 are as plain upon the mountain-benches as though traced but yesterday. It 
 is now about a hundred miles long, with an average width of from twenty- 
 five to thirty miles. It is from fifty to si.xty miles wide in some places, and 
 its greatest depth is about si.xty feet. Its waters contain eighteen per cent, 
 of solid matter, mostly salt and soda, with small proportions of sulphur, 
 magnesia, calcium, chlorine, bromine, potassium, lithia and boracic acid. 
 The Asiatic Dead Sea water contains twenty-three per cent, of solids, includ- 
 ing less salt and soda and much more magnesia, calcium and potassium than 
 Salt Lake. Atlantic Ocean water holds but 3.5 per cent, of solid material, 
 of which salt constitutes 2.6 per cent. Hundreds of thousands of tons of 
 salt are made by natural evaporation along the shores of the lake, and at 
 one place near Salt Lake City a windy night never fails to pile up many 
 tons of soda, eliminated by the movement of the waves. 
 
 Compared with this vast li(|uicl treasure-house of riches, the greatest 
 bonanza mines of Utah or of tiie I nited States dwindle to blind beggars' 
 penny boxes. Take out your pencil and do a little figuring. Figures, it is 
 said, will not lie, anil you will soon fintl yourself standing dumfounded 
 before your own mathematical truths. 
 
 Say Salt Lake is a hundred miles long, and has an average width of 27 
 miles ; that gives an area of 2,700 square miles. There are 27,878,400 
 square feet in a mile ; so the lake has an area of 75,271,680,000 square feet. 
 Take 20 feet as its average depth ; then 20 times 75,271,680,000 will give 
 us 1,505,433,600,000 cubic feet as the contents of the lake. Now 16^3 
 per cent., or one-sixth of this, according to the analysis of eminent chemists, 
 is salt and sulphate of soda. 
 
 That is, the lake contains 250,905,600,000 cubic feet of salt and sulphate 
 of soila. Of this vast mass one eighth is suli)hate of soda and seven-eights 
 common salt. So there are of Na 2 S. O. 4, or sulphate of soda, 31.363,200,- 
 000 cubic feet ; anil of Na CI., or common salt, 219,542,400,000 cubic feet. 
 
 So 
 
These I'l 1^11 res seei 
 hardly a bej^ini 
 A cubic foot of SI 
 and a cubic fool 
 have, as the cont 
 wealth, 1,568,160,000,000 pounds. 
 
 astounding, but they are 
 
 iVoceed a little farther. 
 
 soda weiijhs 50 pounds, 
 
 salt. So pounds ; so we 
 
 unparalleled reservoir of 
 
 or 7<S4,o8o,ccc tonsof sulphateof soda; 
 
 and 17,560.330,200,000 pounds, or 8,780,169,600 tons of salt. .Allowing ten 
 tons to a car-load, that would be 78408,000 cars of soda, and 878,016,960 
 cars of salt. Taking 30 feet as the total length of a frei;.4ht car and its 
 couplings, we woukl have a train of soda 445.500 miles long, or nearly to 
 the moon and back ; and a train i)\ salt, 4,988,730 miles in length, or long 
 enough to reach 196 times around the earth, anil leave an 8,oco mile string 
 of cars over on a side track. Running 20 miles an hour and never sto]iping 
 night or day, it would take the salt-laden train 28 years, 5 months and 23 
 days to pass a station. 
 
 When figures mount, as these do, into billions and trillions they become 
 too vast for any careless handling. These are, thus far, correct and reason- 
 able, though almost incomprehensible. Carrv the comiiutation one step 
 
 82 
 
more. 'I'lic (uiliiuuv valiialion of sulplialc of soda is one cent a pound, or 
 §20 a Ion ; so our 784,080,000 tons of it would be worth, in the markets of 
 the world, §15,681.600,000. Common salt at a low estimate, is worth a half 
 cent, a pouml, or $10 a ton ; our 8. 780,169, 600 tons of it would consequently 
 have a money value of $87,801,696,000. That is a gij^antic, almost incon- 
 ceivable total for salt ami soda, of §103,48^5.296,000 ; or enough, in two in- 
 5;redients of this walerv wonik-r of the new world, to pav all the national 
 debts in C'hristendom, and leave a prelly fair fortune for every man, woman, 
 child and other jjcrson in the hemispheric republic of Vankeedoodledoo. 
 
 The (.iitire assessed valuation of the I'nited States, including real estate 
 and personal property, under the census of 1880, was $16,902,993,543 ; .so 
 the salt and soda of this c)ne nK)untain-girt lake are worth more than six 
 times as much as tiie \vliole forty-nine states ami territories of the Union, as 
 shown by the national assessment books ten years ago. Do these figures 
 seem astounding? 'i'lie facts are astounding, and the figures but do them 
 justice. The conclusions are inexorable, and the figures, though over- 
 whelming, are absolutely accurate ami trustworthy. lUit cut all the figures 
 ill two, halve all llu- estimates, and we would still have a sum so prodigious, 
 that all the arithmetic classes of creation would stagger before it. 
 
 Salt Lake is as entrancing in its beauty, as it is amazing in its material 
 riches. On all our glorious earth, of which Taradise was once a part, no 
 more picturesque and beautiful body of water Hashes back from its mirror- 
 like bt)som the dazzling ratliance of the sunlight. Xo lovelier lake ripples 
 its melodious love .song to the gently wooing breeze ; and no grander inland 
 sea thunders its billowy fury tt) the shores. The snow-capped Wasatch 
 mountains wall it in on the east and southeast ; the giant Oquirrhs bathe 
 their feet in its southern margin ; the great salt desert, in which Bonneville's 
 exploring expedition came near perishing of thirst ami starvation, in 1S33, 
 stretches bare and desolate from its western shore, and the wild I'romontorv 
 Range plunges boldly into its waves for thirty miles on the north. Uetween 
 the Wasatch mountains and its eastern beach, lies the garden-like vallev, 
 while fifteen miles away, on one of its ancient shelving beaches, Salt Lake Citv. 
 with domes and towers half-hidden in semi-tropical foliage, nestles at the feet 
 of the glacier-crested mountain giants ; and a hundred miles to the southward 
 rises the snowy summit of Nebo to lend a far-off gramleur to the scene. 
 
 The tinting of the water reinimls one of the iridescent glories of the 
 South Caribbean Sea. Near the shores it is an exquisite opaline green, 
 delicate and wavering. 1-arther out, this changes into a blue as dazzling as 
 that of the sapphire skies that beml lovingly above it ; and this graduallv 
 deepens into royal purple, whiih darkens ami lightens at every touch of the 
 dallying breeze, and every llitting of the golden, lleece-like clouds that tleck 
 the lustrous azure of the heavens. The sunsets are insurpassable in glory 
 in all the grand chariot-course of I'hoebus and his llaming steeds. Nature 
 
 •^3 
 
V/i|l] awe 1 walch[ th.s sun Qo dowq 
 Across t^ie ^reat Sail Lake, 
 T]]e TTiounlains don \\\2u ^older^ crowp. 
 Tlie soanri5 seagulls circle Tour]d, 
 Tl^e ^eiitle billows break. 
 
 And wl^er] I scar| wl7al'5 rqade for iran, 
 To rr^ake iiis l^Gail _grow ^lad. 
 
 Wifl] wonderrrieril niy [jearl 1 l^U5l^; 
 
 1 feet tl^e [lusl^ o/ sliarrie's l^ot blu&l], 
 Because rriy scul is sad. 
 
 L_ 
 
seems to empty all her gorgeous paiiU-|)ots on the evening sky, and the clay 
 (lies, like a vast aerial dolphin, in a conllagration of prismatic splendors. 
 
 The whole lake is dotted with magnificently picturesijiie mountainous 
 islands or islandous mountains, rising out of the blue-green water to a height 
 of from three to five thousand feet. The principal of these wave-washed 
 mountain l)eauty-si)ots are .Vntelope, Stansbury, Fremont, Carrington, (lun- 
 nison, Dolphin, Mud, Kgg and Hat islands. Antelope Ishuul. the largest of 
 them all, is si.xteen miles long and five miles wide, and lies in plain view of 
 Salt l>ake City. It towers to an altitutle of about four thousand feet above 
 the surface of the lake, antl abounds in e.\(iuisite scenery. Streams of pure, 
 sweet water tumble tlown its mountain-sides and canyons ; rich grasses 
 flourish everywhere, and it is beautified by groves of trees, thrifty ranches, 
 orchards and gardens. Vast deposits of slate of iridescent hues are found 
 upon it. It has a glorious, gently-sloping beach of snowy sand, and will, 
 beyond all question, some day be the great fashionable bathing-place of 
 interior North America. From present indications it will not be long until 
 every available site for a bathing-ground on the eastern shore of the lake 
 will be appropriated and improved. In 1S89, there were 240,000 bathers at 
 the four principal resorts, and over 300,000 in 1890, and among them were 
 tourists from every region of the globe. Antelope Island is an ideal spot for 
 a grand national summer assembly-place ; and it seems hardly probable that 
 the enterprising managers of the Rio Grande Western Railway will allow it to 
 lie much longer unimproved. With proper buildings and accommodations, 
 hundreds of thousands of visitors could be annually taken to enjoy the 
 bathing and boating and other aquatic sports and diversions in the most 
 interesting and enchanting region for such jnirposes on all the continent — 
 if not in all the world. 
 
 It may seem preposterous to talk of the finest sea bathing on earth a 
 thousand miles from the ocean ; but truth is no less truth because it appears 
 absurd. The sea bathing in Great Salt Lake infinitely surpasses anything 
 of the kind on either the Atlantic or Pacific coasts. The water contains 
 many times more salt and much more soda, sulphur, magnesia, chlorine, 
 bromine and potassium than any ocean water on the globe. It is powerful 
 in metlicinal virtues, curing or benefiting many forms of rheumatism, rheu- 
 matic gout, dyspepsia, nervous disorders and cutaneous diseases ; and it acts 
 like magic on the hair of those unfortunates whose tendencies are to bald- 
 headedness. It is a prompt and potent tonic and invigorant of body and 
 mind, and then there is no end of fun in getting acquainted with its pecu- 
 liarities. A first bath in it is always as good as a circus, the bather being 
 his or her own amusing trick mule. 'I'he specific gravity is but a trifle less 
 than that of the Holy Land Dead Sea, the actual figures with distilU-il water 
 as unity being, for the ocean 1.027, ''"" ^^I't Lake 1.107, and for the Dead 
 Sea I.I 16. The human body will not and can not sink in it. Vou can walk 
 
 85 
 
out in it where it is lit'iy feet deep, and your body will stick up out of it like 
 a fishing cork from the shoulders upward. Vou can sit down in it perfectly 
 secure where it is fathoms deep. Men lie on top of it with their arms 
 crossed under their heads and smoke their cigars. Its buoyancy is inde- 
 scribable and unimaginable. Any one can float upon it at the first trial ; there 
 is nothing to do but lie down gently upon it — and fl(jat. But swimming is an 
 entirely different matter. The moment you begin to "paddle your own 
 canoe" lively and — t(j the lookers-on — mirth-provoking exercises ensue. 
 When you stick your hands under to make a stroke your feet decline to stay 
 anywhere but on top ; and when, after an exciting tussle with your refractory 
 pedal extremities, you again get them beneath the surface, your hands fly out 
 with the splash and splutter of a half-dozen flutter wheels. If, on account of 
 your brains being heavier than your heels, you chance to turn a somerset 
 and your head goes under, your heels will pop up like a pair of frisky didapper 
 ducks. You can not keep more than one end of yourself under water at 
 once, but you soon learn how to wrestle with its novelties and then it 
 becomes "a thing of beauty" and a joy for any summer day. The water is 
 delightful to the skin, every sensation is exhilarating, and one can not help 
 feeling in it like a gilded cork adrift in a jewel-rimmed bowl of champagne 
 punch. In the sense of luxurious ease with which it envelops the bather it 
 is unrivaled on earth. The only approximation to it is in the phosphores- 
 cent waters of the Mosquito Indian coast. Tlie water does not freeze until 
 the thermometric mercury tumbles down to eighteen degrees above zero, or 
 fourteen below the ordinary freezing point. It is as clear as crystal, with a 
 bottom of snow-white sand, and small objects can be distinctly seen at a 
 depth of twenty feet. There is not a fish or any other living thing in all 
 the twenty-five hundred or three thousand square miles of beautiful and 
 mysterious waters, except the yearly increasing swarms of summer bathers. 
 Not a shark or a stingaree to scare the timid swimmer or floater, not a crab 
 or a crawfish to nip the toe of the nervous wader, not a minnow or a frog, a 
 tadpole or a pollywog — nothing that lives, moves, swims, crawls or wiggles. 
 It is the ideal sea-bathing jilace of the world. 
 
 86 
 
XII 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY 
 
 The Ixtkr-Mduntai.n Metropolis — A Crrv of Great 
 Beauty and Infinite Possibilities. 
 
 IFTEEN miles from the southeastern shore of this inland 
 >ea of Wonders, embowered in shade and shubbery, and recall- 
 ing glorious pictures of the Orient, is Salt Lake City, the capi- 
 tal and metropolis of Utah, the sacred Zion of the Latter Day 
 Saints, the royal city of the Mormon kingdom and hierarchy. 
 In situation and surroundings it is incomparably the most 
 picturesque and beautiful city in the L^nited States. It sits 
 enthroned, like a queen of the mountains and valleys, upon an ancient 
 beach of the great lake, about a hundred feet above the present level 
 of its waters, and 4,350 feet above the sea. On the east the giant 
 Wasatch mountains, with their crowns of everlasting snow, towering from 
 si.x to eight thousand feet above it, form a background unsurpassed in 
 grandeur. To the west and northwest, gleaming and glistening like a 
 mighty mirror in the sunshine, which is undimmed three hundred and fifteen 
 days of every year, lies the American Dead Sea, with the Oquirrh moun- 
 tains dabbling their golden feet in its southern brim. Northward and 
 southwartl as far as the eye can reach stretches the Kdenlike valley, in 
 an unliroken vista of fields anil meadows, orchards, vineyards, pastures and 
 gardens — a boundless glory of trees, foliage, fruits and flowers; through 
 which the Jordan, like a silver thread, winds its way to lose itself in 
 the unfathomed mystery of a lake that has many inlets but no outlet. 
 
 The city was originally settled by the Mormons under Brigham Voung, 
 in July, 1.S47, and it abounds in monuments and mementoes of the.se strange 
 people. They laid out the original city in squares, si.x hundred and sixty- 
 six and two-thirds feet in length ; each square containing ten acres. The 
 streets are a hundred and thirty-two feet wide, ant! every street is shaded 
 by grand old long-armed trees, many of them fruit antl flower-bearing 
 Along both sides of every street flow streams of sparkling mountain water. 
 
 87 
 

 
Kvery lunisc in the city is siirrouiulccl by green lawns, gardens anil orchards, 
 so that one looks in vain for a poor man's home. The humblest adobe 
 cottage, half hidden in trees, frnit and flowers, becomes a thing of beauty. 
 In fact, the emblem of Mormonism was a Bee Hive, and every man, 
 woman antl chikl had to work at something. Everybody was a jiro- 
 ducer. No drones were tolerated, and there were no loafers, tramps or 
 beggars. The whole city was abloom with industry and thrift. 
 
 Dnly within the last three or four years has the spirit of modern (leiuile 
 progress struck this (juaintest, most beautiful and most interesting of North 
 American cities. Its population rose from 20,678 in 1880, to 46,259 in 1890, 
 and it is now between 50,000 and 55,000. The assessed value of property 
 si)rang from $16,611,752 in 1889 to $54,353,740 in 1890 ; an increase of 227 
 per cent, in a single year. .As the assessment is on a basis of one-fifth to 
 one-fourth of actual valuation, the true value of real estate and personal 
 property in the city is over $200,000,000 ; but put it at only double the 
 assessor's figures, and it amounts to $108,707,480, which, in a place of 50,000 
 population, is an average of more than $2,000 for every inhabitant, within 
 its municipal limits. This has no parallel in any other American city, if it 
 has in the world. Seven new banks were founded during 1890, making six- 
 teen in the city, with an aggregate capital and surplus of $4,853,000, and 
 deposits amounting to $8,225,000 ; an increase, in a year, of over 300 j^er 
 cent, in capital, and nearly 100 per cent, in deposits. Out of si.xty-four 
 cities in the United States having clearing-houses. Salt Lake City out- 
 ranks thirty-one, including Washington City, the National Capital, with its 
 200,000 jiopulation, and the whole Government and Treasury Department 
 thrown in to boot. The amount invested in new buildings and additions to 
 old ones, in 1890, was $6,226,000 ; in public works $549,000 ; and in street 
 railways $540,000 ; making a grand total of $7,315,000 in these three 
 items of imjiroveinent. The city has sixty-five miles of electric street 
 railways ; a lunulretl miles of admirable streets and 
 ilrives ; twenty miles of twenty-foot sidewalks ; superb 
 gas anil electric lighting systems ; an inexhaustible 
 supply of pure mountain-stream water ; over two hun- 
 dred prospering manufactories ; twenty-three public 
 and fifteen private schools, and as handsome school- 
 houses as any in the country ; the Territorial Univer- 
 sity, deaf and dumb institute, normal institute and 
 woman's home ; thirty-five churches of all denomina- 
 tions. Catholic, Protestant, Hebrew and Mormon, in- 
 cluding the great Temple and Tabernacle ; three 
 excellent hospitals ; thirty benevolent societies ; four 
 live daily papers, and twelve or fifteen weeklies, semi- 
 nioiitlilics and monthlies, including one German and 
 
 89 
 
one Scandinavian publication; six public libraries; two of the Imest theatres 
 in the west; a hundred and fifty acres in parks; some of tiie largest mercan- 
 tile houses between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean ; six rail- 
 roads, with over sixty passenger trains daily ; health and pleasure resorts 
 unsurpassed on earth ; a climate as nearly perfect as any place in the tem- 
 perate zone ; as charming and cultivated society as can be found anywhere ; 
 more beautiful homes and fewer shabby ones than any other city of its size 
 in the Union, and more curious and interesting things than any other place of 
 five time- its size in North America. 
 
 It is the best amusement-patronizing city of its population in the world. 
 Mapleson, Abbey, Daly, Frohman, Palmer, Theodore Thomas, and all first- 
 class stars and companies crossing the continent, gather large and magnificent 
 audiences in Salt Lake City. 
 
 The theatre, built under the auspices of Brigham Young, seats eighteen 
 hundred people, and the new opera-house fourteen hundred, and both are 
 equipped with all modern improvements and conveniences. When these 
 are inadequate to accommodate the crowds, the Mormon authorities are 
 always obliging and polite in allowing their vast Tabernacle to be used ; 
 so it has echoed the divine cadenzas of nearly every famous cantatrice 
 and impressario of recent years. 
 
 There are more first-class hotels in Salt ]^ake City than in St. Louis oi 
 Cincinnati. The Knutsford, with three hundred rooms, vies in elegance 
 with the best in the country ; and the million-dollar Ontario, named for the 
 great Utah bonanza mine, will, when completed, rank with the most famous 
 hostelries of the world. The Walker House, The CuUen, The Templeton, 
 The Cliff, and The Union Pacific are all handsome and admirably kept ; 
 and there are a dozen other houses of about the grade of The Laclede 
 in St. Louis, The Sherman in Chicago, and The Gibson in Cincinnati. The 
 Walker House abounds in historic memories and associations. Its hospitable 
 roof has sheltered thousands of noted people, including Dom Pedro, Kala- 
 kaua, Grant, Sherman, Patti, Garfield, Edmunds and Harrison ; and dukes, 
 earls, counts, barons and other imported titular celebrities without number. 
 
 Many of the churches are handsome and stately edifices ; the school 
 buildings and hospitals would be creditable in any city of a quarter of a 
 million people. There is no city of its size in the United States where the 
 homes are so universally tasteful ; and shade-trees, lawns, fountains, fruit 
 and fiowers are so abundant everywhere, that a bird's-eye view from Pros- 
 pect Hill, or any of the lofty mountain-benches, gives a picture of a vast semi- 
 tropical garden. It is strangely Oriental, and vividly suggestive of Mahom- 
 et's reason for refusing to enter Damascus the Beautiful — "It is given unto 
 man but once to enter Paradise, and I will not go into mine on earth." 
 
 The Temple Block stands first among the things that must be seen. It 
 is a ten-acre square, surrounded by a massive wall fifteen feet high and five 
 
 QO 
 
feet thick. In it stands the magnificent Mormon Temple, the Tabernacle 
 and the Assembly Hall. The Temple is, with the smgle exception of St 
 Patrick's Cathedral in New York, the grandest and costliest ecclesiastical 
 structure in the country. It was begun in 1S53, has cost nearly $6,000,000, 
 and is still unfinished. It is two hundred feet long, a hundred feet wide, 
 and a hundred feet high, with four towers, one at each corner, two 
 hundred and twenty feet in height. The walls are ten feet thick, and the 
 massiveness and solidity of its construction insure its defiance of the 
 ravages of time for ages to come. It is built wholly of snow-white granite 
 from the Cottonwood Canyon ; and, standing on one of the loftiest points 
 in the city, it can be seen for fifty miles up and down the valley. 
 
 The Tabernacle, which is just west of the Tem|)le in the same square, is 
 one of the architectural curios of the world. It looks like a vast terrapin- 
 back, or half of a jirodigious egg-shell cut in two lengthwise, and is built 
 wholly of iron, glass and stone. It is two hundred and fifty feet long, a hun- 
 dred and fifty feet wide, and a hundred feet high in the center of the roof, 
 which is a single mighty arch, unsupported by pillar or post, and is said to 
 have but one counterpart on the globe. The walls are twelve feet thick, and 
 there are twenty huge double doors for entrance and exit. The Tabernacle 
 seats 13,462 people, and its acoustic properties are so marvelously perfect 
 that a whisper or the dropping of a pin can be heard all over it. The organ 
 is one of the largest and grandest-toned in existence, and was built here of 
 native woods, by Mormon workmen and artists, at a cost of §100,000. It is 
 fifty-eight feet high, has fifty-seven stops, and contains two thousand six 
 hundred and forty-eight pipes, some of them nearly as large as the chimneys 
 of a Mississippi River steamboat. The choir consists of from two hundred 
 to five hundred trained voices, and the music is glorious beyond description. 
 Much of it is in minor keys, and a strain of plaintiveness mingles with all its 
 majesty and power. All the seats are free, anil tourists from all parts of 
 the world are to be f(jund among the vast multitude that assembles at every 
 service Think of seeing the holy communion — broken bread, and water 
 from the Jordan River instead of wine — administered to from six to eight 
 thousand communicants at one time ! And fancy the old-time Mormon 
 apostles, bishops, elders and warriors, marching in with from five to twenty 
 wives, and from twenty-five to seventy-five children apiece ' 
 
 Assembly Hall is of white granite, of Gothic architecture, and has seats for 
 twenty-five hundred. The ceiling is elaborately frescoed with scenes from 
 Mormon history, including the delivery of the golden plates, containing the 
 New Revelation, to the Prophet Joseph Smith, by the Angel Moroni. The 
 Hall contains a superb organ of native woods, and home workmanship. 
 
 Just east of Temple Block is another walled square, containing the Mor- 
 mon Tithing-House and printing-office, and Brigham Young's extensive 
 residence, including the famous Lion House and Bee-Hive House, where 
 
 92 
 
eiifhlccn of his wives livnl Across ihc sUcel U> llic cast is the scliool-house 
 of his scventy-eiiiht cliiklrcn, which would be a very pretty chapel in an 
 eastern town. Across llie street, sontii of ihe I. ion and I*>ee-Hive houses, is 
 the super!) Amelia I'alace, whicii he l)uill for iiis nineteenth wife, Amelia 
 Folsoin. who was a cousin of Mrs. drover lleveland. A block above, on 
 the brow of the hill, is llrigham's i^rave, and his i)rivate .i^raveyard, where all 
 his wives, with perhajis one exception, will ultimately be burieil around him, 
 in the order of their marriaties. or "sealiny;s" to him ; the first one nearest 
 to him. and so on, lo the latest ami farthest, 
 
 rile threat /.ion ( 'ofiperat ixc Mercantile Institution, or .Mormon store, 
 is one of the sights of the ntw It has several acres of floor-room ; carries 
 on extensive aiul various manufacturing operations ; and sells and handles 
 everything from a steam-engine and a forty horse-power threshing-machine 
 to a ladv's watch and a Parisian lrou^seau ; from a patent hay-rake ov a 
 hogshead of sugar, to a baby-wagon, a bo.x of bon-bons, or the latest agony 
 in millmerv, scarfs ami dress ]iatterns. Its business runs from ,^(4. 000,000 
 to $6,000,000 a year. 
 
 Salt Lake City has the motlel post-t)tifice of the United Male>. When 
 President Harrison and his party visited the city in the early part of 1S91. 
 Postmaster-General Wanamaker was so pleased with the perfection of all its 
 arrangements that he requested photographs of every department of it sent 
 to Washington, to be used as patterns for other offices. Postmaster Benton, 
 to whom the credit of its admirable features belongs, was formerly a trusted 
 agent of the Rio Cirande Western Railway, and consequently received his 
 training in a firsl-class school of efficienc\-. 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce JUiilding is a handsome four-story structure 
 of stone and brick, and contains an_ extensive and valuable library, and a 
 wonderful collection of Ctah products — agricultural, mineral, pastoral ami 
 textile. Offices of the Traffic. Accounting and Financial Departments of 
 the Rio (irande W estern Railway occupy two floors of the block. 
 
 The Deserel Museum is well worth a visit, having a vast number of curunis 
 and interesting things on exhibition — Ctah beasts, birds, reptiles, insects, 
 minerals, gems, fruits, flowers, freaks aiul queeriosities. Fort houglas, a full 
 regimental post, on a high mountain bench or plateau iust east of the citv. 
 IS one of the most picturescpie in all the dominions of I'ncle Samuel. It 
 commands as glorious a view as lies out of iloors. 
 
 Salt I.ake City is surrounded by lovely |)leasure-grounds and unsurpassable 
 health-resorts. The mountains and canyons afford an endlessly varied field 
 tor summer tourist recreation ; and medicated waters, pt>tent in healing 
 virtues, gush forth in a hundreil places. The most famous of these are the 
 Warm Springs, within the city limits, ami the Hot S]irings, about four 
 miles out both on electric street-(ar lines. 'i'he water of Hot Springs 
 has a temperature of 1 2S , and the llow is over 20,000 gallons an hour. It 
 
 93 
 
possesses all the efticacv ni tlit- Arkansas Hot Springs water, and is a sover- 
 eij^n remedy in all ordinary cases of rlieumatisni. rheumatic gout, scrofulous 
 diseases, mineral poisoning, ulcers, abscesses and cutaneous eruptions of 
 nearly every sort. Thousands of cures have been wrought here ; some of 
 them seeminglv aluKJSt miraculous The water of the Warm Springs, with a 
 temperature of iot, , is piped into a superb natatorium in the heart of the 
 city: and it is but a question of time — ami a short lime at that — when the 
 waters of the Hot Springs and of the (Ireat Salt Lake will be rendered 
 ecpially convenient to the city bather. The invaliil here has the advantage 
 of a climate that is as nearly ])crfect as can be founil: dry. bracing, com- 
 bining the salt air of the sea with the pure and rarified air of the moun- 
 tains ; where the sun shines nearly every day in the year ; where there is 
 no fog, miasma, or malaria, and where the blizzards and sand-storms that 
 afflict other health-resort regions are unknt)wn. 
 
 Salt Lake City has profitable openings for nearl\ every variety of indus- 
 trial enterprises, and for a constantly increasing number of wholesale and 
 retail mercantile houses. Situateti almost exactly midway between Denver 
 and San Francisco, the cily has tributary to it a grantl anil growing empire, 
 rich in all materials u( commerce. With its long arms of railway rapidly 
 reaching out north, south, east anil west, into Idaho. Nevada, .\rizt)na. 
 New Mexico, and Southern Colorado, it is ilestined to become the undis- 
 I'yuted Metropolis of the vast Inter-Mountain Realm. 
 
 .X 
 
 
 
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