LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Ml ''iiii III III r 014 310 4448 ComcrvatioD Resources LIg-FVecf8> Type I F 199 .L43 Copy Z 18 87. LEADINQ Merchants and Manufacturers A OK THE '^ City of Washington A. RESUIVIE OR Trade, Enterprise, and Development. ILLUSTRATKD. PUBLISHED BV INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, I02 Chambers Street, New York. .1 cv^ By !i.„. D C. Public Library AUG 1 7 1935 / INTRODUCTORY. IN presenting this work to the public only a few words need be written to explain its object or extol the city whose industries it reviews. Devoted to the manufacturing and industrial interests of Washington, it presents in as intelligent and concise a manner as possible an interesting review of the active and represeuta- ""^ tive business houses of the Capital City. ^. As a record of the interests in the city it will do much toward encouraging the QZ enterprises specified. The record is one n®t only of the leading manufactures and S mercantile pursuits, but of the principal commercial men of the day who contribute to the material prosperity of the scenes of their enterprise and the welfare and -i comfort of the people around them. If there is one thing more than another upon ^/J which this country prides itself, it is the ingenuity and the successful plodding of those who have distinguished themselves in domestic manufactures and commerce, I for these are the workers who have wrought out in great part the nation's weal, furnishing occupation and a lucrative sphere of industry for thousands and tens of thousands who, thus employed, have achieved for themselves and their families isuccesses, as well as realized a happier current life, which they could never have won iud enjoyed save under the guidance and skill of the more enterprising and far- kighted. The avenues opened by the inventor, the manufacturer, and the merchant lave been strewn with manifold blessings to all classes of the people ; for, though he spirit of self-aggrandizement has been the mainspring of their activity and nterprise, these men have proved themselves the real philanthropists of the time / nd have borne the standard of progress on to its great victories. INTROD UCTOR Y. The data herein contained have been gathered from the most authentic sources, carefully collated, and judiciously revised, being compiled in separate and distinct forms, while the greatest care has been taken to render the information thus obtained thoroughly reliable and accurate. It will be noticed that while the leading houses in the general lines of business are referred to in length, there are also a number of smaller houses mentioned, each probably as important in its special department of trade, and, therefore, a part of the general industries of the city. As this work is intended for general circulation, it will undoubtedly become the medium through which the interests of this section will be promoted by establishing more intimate business relations with other parts of the country. To this end it is respectfully requested that those into whose hands it may fall will place it, whenever practicable, in such localities where the best results may emanate from its perusal. In conclusion, the publishers acknowledge the valuable aid rendered by numer- ous gentlemen in the onerous task of compilation, and they hereby extend their most cordial thanks, collectively and individually, for the assistance thus rendered. INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING CO. ^•^. 1 Llgrnrr^ '^r* - GENERAL INDEX. Anderson & Moore pri°tfrs""--— :.:;;":::;;:::::::;; Anmoh J J., meats, provisions, etc —""" H. b., tailor.. Beall, John E.,real.estat^, etc ^32 Kpan & Cox, groceries, etc ,-. bIu Tea and Coffee Company .^ '* !rns?nger, S., horse and carnage bazaar 146 l^^d!^4n^I^^^r^'^i^:^^-""-"""v:;::::i^^ Blackford, J. »., jeweler......... -• ^.jg reuSe?; ^:,Tat^hra\1.Vanrrewe^r .2 irfll&Hayden,' tinning andplnmbing, etc 100 Britton & Gray lawyers "^ZJZ". 116 KS; ^.Tll'^.-lilIchSadraughtsman ^99 ... „ ^ .^.,ae PTP. yg 121 Brown; W. R., line groceries, etc Burford, J.E., real estate, etc gO Buredorf, E.. stables ■ ^^^ S^^.^.!^i^c:LS?ai^1ti^i=:::::":::::"""-"^ ia.VH!SSfcetc;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ioB S9 Cain, R;S-- undertaker ..„...^.^.»^^^^^^ ,2 !^SIte^?LlrdVThe, Schaaf& Chase, props... 120 Carr, John W., painter ''"""""■ 93 Christian!, C, apothecary, etc •■••••■ gg Christiani, Theo., Pharmacist, ■^■^••—-•-■^.^jg ^3^ &S'SI!Zy.!'ij^^^^^^^ ^^^^-'...!r.::::::: i SS;ft"c!!"?f^^--""""^^ --IJ^ Compton, James, tobacco, etc ^^y COOT .Tohn W., paperhangings •■■ 1^^ Core, John T., cigars.. .^■. •••■—■•••:■; ••-••• 117 Corsen & McCartney, bankers, etc.. cSett, John J. merchant tailor •■••:;;;";;;;;;: Ifs Cottren, E. B^ rea^e|tatj^^^^...^.^..^^-^^^-^-^r-^^ ^^ CuvvY iS' manufactnrer brass and copper wire, etc. 100 cS&Wtaer, real estate and insurance 10- 113 Dowlin, N. C, flour, gram, etc 1^^ Dugan, John, stables............. ■'^' Dulany & Whiting, real estate.... '* Dunn, P. B., wholesale wines, etc j^o Duryee, A. R., architect |^^ Button, M. M., groceries, etc i**^ Edmondston, R. O., wholesale grocer, etc 118 Edson Brothers, attorneys-at-law,.etc i^» Ellis, D., groceries, fruits, etc... :f|^ Ennis, H. J., solicitor of patents -J^" Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank 140 Fegan, John, rectifier, etc ;■•■—.•■••• A-' Fleming, Robert I., architect and builder bt Ford, EUervC, attorney-at-law '* Fowler, E. S., groceries etc. ^Vr Fraser, James, woodandcoal ^^ Free, J. D., Jr., books, stationery, etc i^o Free, J. D., bookseller, etc |-° Friedrich, Franz, jeweler •••••: ^-^ Fuller C v., manufacturer cider and vinegar tb Fullerton, James, attorney and counselor-at-law a Fuse, Charles B., paperhanger »^ Gass, S. J., & Co., real estate, etc Ill Gawler, Joseph, undertaker :}^^ Geddis&Co., druggists, etc i^* Georges, J. J., chiropodist.. °" Gheen, Fred, Brighton Market J-"" Ghisselli, A., merchant tailor »" Gilman, Z. D., pharmacist. ...•- °^ Gladmon, Edwin, Ph. D , pharmacist.. »« (Joodman, Samuel, grocery and provisions i4o Grimm, N. R., architect Guiimip & Co., dry goods 69 119 Hall, Philip F., shirtmaker, etc ^^^ ^^^}.B:^^^^i^^^^s^^^:'^o. 115 Handv, Charles W., real estate broker lOb TT * „ t;^^ .^.t,,/» T 1-ilnm'hpr _ ..••■•■• •••• iJ-' Hannan, Edward J., plumber Harbin, George F . , dry goods Harvey, R. F., undertaker \^ Hays, James S., crockery, etc '■'^ Haz.elton, A. L., shoe store..... Henderson, R. W., & Co., wallpaper 77 Hensey, Thomas G., real estate, etc iio Hertford, J. R., real estate, etc Hewitt, R. C, flour, feed, etc Hibbert, C. H., & Co., kid gloves ....... Hill, George, Jr , Potomac Paper Mills Hipkins, W.L., china, etc ■ ••.• ^"° Hodges, James M., artists' and painters supplies • «o 103 93 106 108 114 90 118 Hogan, J. J., oyster dealer if^i^ Holl, G. W., cigars and tobacco |";^ Hough, Henry H., dry goods |"^ Howard House, John B. Scott, proprietor no furniture, stoves, etc 129 Imlay, E. E., Jackson & Co., wholesale grocers 98 Jackson, D., grocer • ";; Jacobs, George T., modelmaker.. J'" Johannes, J. G., manufacturing jeweler Wb Johnson, Garner & Co., dry goods, etc Judd & Detweiler, printers 70 112 SS^ fet^:^=' ^piiesret^:::::::::::::::: i| ElsS'Gerome manufacturing jeweler • 138 Didden C A., architect •• -j^gQ Dix w' A., harness, saddles, etc „„ 1 ^jj]. g. E., painting Don'n, George S., paperhangings ^g^ | xioczenski, A. M., druggist Pove, J. Maury, coal and wood Kaiser, J. Henry, mechanical drafting 80 Kattelmane, Charles, watchmaker » Keen, George T., merchant tailor '^ Keleher, James, stables fi't Kennedy, Charles, lime, cement, etc....... li^ Keyes & Co., boarding and livery stables 109 T.'iTi- fi v. naintine J}^ GENERAL INDEX. Kneessi, K., & Son, harness and trunk manufactory... 8S Knight Brothers, patent attorneys, etc „ .".... 75 Koch, Edward \V., bookseller, etc 110 Kraft, Philip H., cigars and tobacco 104 Krause, Charles A., wall papers, etc 83 Kurtz, Louis, boots and shoes 138 Lansburgh & Brother, dry goods 124 Lee, J. H., grocer, etc 137 Lee, Joseph C, undertaker 91 Leonard, Bernard, real estate agent 87 Lepley & Finster, Catholic booksellers, etc 115 Lloyd, Samuel, inventor and patentee of Lloyd's window awning 120 Lockhead, James, plumber and gasfitter 87 Lofttis, James, furniture, cari)ets, etc 85 Longley & Wolston, real estate 7t) Lowdermilk, W. 11., rare and curious books S6 Lown, W. J., coffee and spice mills 104 Ludeke. F. J., lock and gunsmith 140 Luttrell & Wine, dry goods, etc 82 Lutz, William F., rubber stamps 122 Magill, Chas. J., fruit and produce Magrath, I). W., farm wagons, etc., Mahoney, John R., paperhangings, etc Marble, E. M., attorney in patent cases Marr, Jas. H., real estate, etc Mattern, J. Ed., tobacconist Matthews, W. E , real estate broker , May, John G., furniture and housefurnishing goods., May, Peter J., wholesale cigars McFarland, W. F., stables , McGrew & Small, attorneys, etc McKee, James W., & Co., brokers and imp. agents...., McKenney, J. F., sewing machines McMurray, Rob't, Jr., broker in groceries Merritt & Van Wagner, photographers Metzerott, W. G., & Co., music and musical mdse Meyers, J. G., architect Mitler, Thos. W., & Co., registered plumbers, etc Mitchell, M. C, stoves, etc Mohun, Francis B., real estate and loans Morrison, E., paper Mulliken, W. L., pictures, frames, etc Murphy, David, Virginia Sale Staljles Murray, George E., Library Market Musser, G. J., drugs, medicines, etc Myers, Wm. Hunter, solicitor patents . 99 . 10.=-) 146 . 109 , 125 103 95 139 140 141 77 86 125 133 139 99 12(1 101 135 100 123 106 119 141 133 69 113 131 101 114 103 78 97 94 105 85 132 97 Offutt, G. W. & H. W., fancy groceries, etc 134 Ohiole, The., ladies' furnishing goods, etc 131 Orrison, G. A., stables 131 Page, Harvey L., architect 127 Parker, C. H., real estate 73 Parker, John C, bookseller, etc 142 Payne, Geo. C, & Co., real estate, etc 140 Payne, J. T., manufacturer boots and shoes, etc 141 Pekin Tea and Coffee Co 1,35 Pelouze, H. L., & Son, type foundry, etc 92 Peters, Norris, photo-lithographer 81 Pitzer, F., & Co., i)harmacists n? Polkinhorn, R. O., &Son, printers G9 Porter, W. H., The Caligraph 143 Post Combination Sewing-Machine Company, The 136 Prescott, John A., broker si Probey, James K., carriage manufacturer 121 Professor Sheldon, dancing academy 91 Pullman, E. J., photographic artist 71 Raub, Charles H., & Co., Lafayette Market.. 70 Redman, J. S., commis.sion merchant 76 Rehwold, J., railroad ticket broker 100 Reinlein, Paul, pharmacist 9,s Rich, George W.. fine shoes 133 Richardson, W. S., druggist and chemist 102 Riggs House, W. SpofTord, proprietor 84 Robert &*Keyser, artists 102 Robertson, B. H., real estate and insurance 93 Kachman, David, dry goods, etc Nalley, Wm. H., bookbinder, etc Nash. (Jeo. J., bookbinder, etc National Bank of the Republic, of Washington, The... National Labor Bureau, E. H. Dick, proprietor National Union of Washington, D. C., The Newman, E. Wright, attorney, etc New York Butter House, Morgan Pennypacker, prop.. New York Five Cent Store, A. M. Hudson, proprietor... NicoU, The Tailor Nordlinger, W., clothier, etc Norment, C. F., real estate, etc Robertson, T. J. W., patent solicitor 132 Rohrer, M. M., real estate and insurance 95 Roth, Benedict, mfr. of saddlery, harness, etc 83 Rothfuchs, C. F., postage stamp emporium 87 Royce i& Marean, electrical goods 81 Rudden's New Furniture and Carpet Installment House so Ruppert, Chr., toys and fancy goods 92 Ryneal, George, Jr., plate-glass, etc 94 Saum, J. F.,&Co., produce commission merchants... 104 Saunders, L. M., & Brother, real estate, etc 114 Schaefer, George M., paperhanger, etc 98 Schillinger Artificial Stone and Concrete ('ompany... 136 Schneider, F. A., hardware, etc 14,5 Schults, J. H., manufacturer of cigars, 13,5 Scott, George A., cigars, tobacco, etc 92 Semmes &Co., grocers 109 Seventh Street Mourning Store, J. E. Y'oung, prop'r.... 83 Seward, E. C, .solicitor of patents 9h Shanahan, Daniel, paints, oils, etc 91 Sharswood & Peake, furniture 144 Sheldon, George T., dancing academy 91 Sherwood, W. I., cigars 9,5 Shipley, M. E., boots and shoes 120 Shoemaker Company, line wines, liquors, etc 117 Siirevo, Charles S., real estate, etc 140 Sickle, YAK, Bargain Store 112 Simmons, John, stables 97 Simms, G. «J. C, pharmaceutist 121 Simp.son, Thomas P., patent lawyer 87 Slater, John G., furniture 122 Smalhvood, George T., draughtsman 107 Smith, F. G., manufacturer Bradbury piano fortes 68 Smith, R. D. O., patent agent 94 Smith & Wardwell, fancy goods, novelties, etc 78 Sommerville, Thomas, & Sons, brass works 95 Spaulding, Wm. E., & Co., painting establishment 77 Spear, Ellis, solicitor of patents, etc 71 Standiford, Harry, apothecary 81 Stephenson, F. I)., attorney-at-law Ill Stevens, Lawrence & Co., real estate, etc 73 Stevens, W. X., solicitor of patents 107 Stone, I). D., real estate broker 85 St. James Hotel, Levi Woodburv, proprietor 79 Sullivan, ^^'illiam, housefurnishing goods 86 Sweet, Parker H., Jr., solicitor of patents, etc Ill Swormstedt & Bradley, real estate and insurance 107 Tallent, A., upholsterer 143 Tharp, .Tames, wines and liquors 133 Thompson, J. S., dairy milk, etc lOl Thyson House, W. P. Cole, proprietor 109 Van Wickle, W. P., pianos and organs 68 Vaughan, William W., glass stainer 127 Vellam, E. S., wood and coal 87 Vogt, John I., bakery and confectionery 96 Wade, J. W., merchant tailor 106 Waggaman, John F., real estate 137 Wagner, H. G. <& J. E., jewelers, etc 141 Wagner, William, sporting goods 83 Walker, John C, Boston Market 105 [Walker, Noah & Co., The Popular Clothing Establish- ment 79 Walker, T. H. & Co., grocers, etc lOA Walker's J. T., Sons, lime, cement, etc Walsh, Cropley & Co,, bankers and brokers Washington Copying Company, A. E. Burke Waters, S. M., practical plumber, etc Watrous, B. F., meats, poultry, etc Weller, Frank P., drugs, etc..! Weller & Repetti. real estate West End Steam Laundry, Henry Wagner, proprietor Wheatley, J. M., coal, wood, etc Wheeler! E. G., contractor for railroad supplies, etc.... White, E. E., wholesale grocer, etc Whittlesey & Wright, U. S. and foreign patents Wilkins, (!. F., & Co., produce commission merchants. Williams, Wash, B., furniture, etc Willner, Francis, wallpaper, etc ' Wilson, P. R., grocer Windsor & Co., ladies' and gents' fine shoes . Wise, Geo. W., tmdertaker * Woolley, Prof G. W., patent pen attachment 12. Worch, Hugo, & Co., pianos and organs 10,t~ Wormley's Hotel, James Wormley, proprietor 7< Wyckott', Leamens & Benedict, Remmgton type writer 142 Y'antis, Arnold S., solicitor of patents, etc 108 Ziclitl, A., bookbinder 133 CITY OF WASHINGTON THE city of Washington is tlie most distinctively American aty m tbe Um ed State/ It is natural and proper that it should be so, because be„,g th capital, it should be beyond and above all other. r-epresentaUve of he sprr and character of the American people. They are proud of >t. and have reason to be ihose and cl^-"-^""! "^ , i 1,^^ b^^„ i„ great sort made iamdiar to them by ;': ;rcit In/pLt:;^;;:!. str-uc^ .Ith surprise and delight when the .eaUty dawns WAK, STATE, AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS. UDon them while the amazement of foreigners upon viewing it is onlv equaled by their admiration of a city whose magnificence they had not thought possible in a country so raw and young as ours. A Homeless Congress. Proud as our people are of the capital of the nation, and enthusiastic as is the general interest centered here, it is wonderfully strange how few of them possess any accurate knowledge of how it came to be the seat of the Federal Government. _ The question of its permanent location was an early and a frequent subject of discussion m 34 CITY OF WASHINGTON-. the sessions of the Continental Congress, and subsequently became general in every part of the country — in the press, in public conclave, and in private circles. The first session of the Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, September 5th, 1774, and here its sessions were continued until December 12th, 1776, when the approach of the British army compelled it to betake itself to Baltimore, where it met on the 12th of the next February, and adjourned to convene at Philadelphia on the 12th of March. Congress resolved on September 14th, of that year — 1777 — that if obliged to vacate Philadelphia it would assemble at Lancaster, Pa. On the 18th it had adjourned for the day, fully expecting to come together again in the morning, when advices were received of the advance of the enemy, and the 27th of September found it at Lancaster, whence it adjourned to York, then known as York Town, Here it met on the 30th, continuing its sessions until June 27th, 1778, when a return was made to Philadelphia, where its next meeting was had July 2d, 1778. Congress remained here until 1783. Hitherto it had been the victim of the fortunes of war, but was now destined to trouble at the hands of its own constituency. The storm of war had spent itself, but the atmosphere was thick with the domestic dissension that invariably succeeds it. Officers and soldiers had fought a good fight bravely as few men ever before fought, and had been discharged, but the Federal Govern- ment could not pay them. In the year 1783 a large body of them confronted Congress, at Philadelphia, to insist that it take instant measures for the settlement of their just claims. Congress appealed to the Pennsylvania Executive Council for protection, which replied that it was powerless, since the aid of the militia could not be depended upon. Meanwhile, the people of New Jersey had extended an hospitable hand. The autliorities of Princeton College offered Congress the use of the library hall, and every other accom- modation at their command, while the citizens of Princeton, Trenton, Newark, and other places warmly seconded the invitation. So it happened that Congress met at Princeton on June 30th, 1783. The citizens of Philadelphia could not brook its removal from their town. A five- years' continuous stay there had given its people a sense of ownership in that august body which they were not prepared to resign. They formally memorialized Congress, begging its return and promising ample protection. On the 8th of August Congress adjourned, and met again in the Quaker City on the 12th, having voted to that effect and also to remain there until the last Monday of October, when it would go to Annapolis, Md., unless otherwise determined upon in the meantime. A Knotty Question. This formally opened the question as to the permanent location of the seat of the National Government. For almost seven years it held the attention of Congress, worried the temper of Congressmen, and vexed the country from North to South. The annals of the Congressional debates upon the slavery question glow with partisan heat scarcely more .fierce than that kindled by this subject. An adequate idea of it may be formed from a very few extracts. Mr. Scott, of Pennsylvania, insisted that " the existence of the Union depends on this subject." Mr^ Ames, of Massachusetts, said : " I believe it will involve as many passions as can reside in the human heart ; every principle of local interest* of pride and honor, and even of patriotism itself is engaged." Mr. Stone, of Maryland, declared that " no question would so fully try the temper of that body as this " and Mr. Madison that " had a prophet started up in the Convention and foretold the proceedings of this day, Virginia would not now be a party to this Constitution." CITY OF WASHINGTON. 35 On August 22d, 17 colnmns and 12 pilasters of the Corinthian order. On the north and the "ity are trconnterpar^s. 239 feet long, the porticoes being 120 feet w.de, wtth a nroieotion of 10 feet 6 inches, the entablature resting upon 10 columns ^ ^ . ._ ■^ ^ Tew St front of the Capitol is scarcely less impressive than the east. It show. three portres the colonnade in the centre being 100 feet wide, with ten co umns and the n n ITof pilasters, eight of the former coupled, and the extens.ons l-ve povt^oes sWlar to those on the north and south. The dome is -"f -'f ° ^^^ ^f, P^^y white. The br,m.e statue of Freedom upon its apex modeled by Crawford and by Mills, was placed in position December 3d, 1863, and cost 825,000. BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE. It is upon the east portico that the Presidents of the United States are inaugurated the porch whch eomma,!ds a view of it giving space for the accommodatton of ™- *- one hundred thousand persons to witness the imposing ceremony On the south s de >s a marble group by SignoJ Pesico. representing The Discovery-Columbus holdmg aloft he !^le in hs riJht hand, and under his upraised arm a female figure symbohcnl of the ! Idian race- wM e on tie south end is Horatio Greenough's Civili.at,on-the Amerrcan p'Zr Subduing the Savage. Above, on the tympanum of the port.co, are three co o .al fi^rrin sands^ne, the Genius of America in the centre, w.th Hope » ou-^^ f Justice on the other. This group is said to have be«„ designed ''y/^» « ^^ and In the niches that flank the bronze door are two heroic figures of Wa, and Peace, and directly over it Capellano's bust of Washington. ,„, .ififlnOOOO The total cost of the Capitol up to the present time approximates $16,000,000. 44 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Inside the Capitol. Beginning with its famed central portals, the Capitol interior is a history in oil, marble, and bronze of our country from its discovery to the present. This door was de- signed by Randolph Rogers, a New Yorker, is a marvel of artistic genius and execution, and a forcible and graphic depiction of the chief events in the life of Columbus, and his discovery of America. It is of bronze, is eighteen feet high by nine feet wide, and con- sists of eight panels, besides the semicircular one at the top, sunk within a bronze casint>- about one foot in depth. These panels show : The Examination of Columbus before the Council of Salamanca, Departure from the Continent, Audience with Ferdinand and Isa- bella, Starting from Palos on His First Voyage, Landing at San Salvador, First Inter- view with the Natives, Triumphant Entry into Barcelona, Columbus in Chains, and Columbus Dying. The casing and sides are ornamented with many busts and statuettes, nmny of them symbolical of the contemporaries of the great Genoese. This door was put in place in 1861. The Rotunda is the centre of the building, and vestibule more fit or impressive does n n,.H fo • t e sou . .are the Blue. Green, and Bed Rooms, so eallefbe I 7 h ir prtvaiZ t ts and furnuure, the last named being largely used by the family of the PreXelttf c:;rt™rti*:r "m^ ,rri\t?;"K-t7""^ '"^ ^-^^^ -""• '-'-- etc., are in the ba.se,nent. ^^ ^""'™'' ''''™'^ 'J"'"'*'^' storerooms. Portraits of the ex-Presidents grace the walls of the Mansion Adjommg the building on the west is the Conservatorv, one of the most deliAtful ' rrdSr^tr ^* ^"^ '"-'^™' "—o-^ept aiwaysTtbtit^::: IT State, War, and Navy Departments. ^rtX^X::^ "tTTZ ''• ^-^""^^^-- It is designed in accordance by 567 I irtl^ r^^^^ ^T • ^' '^^""' ''^"^ ^"'-^""^^ ^--t-' --1 i« 342 feet wide by 567 fe.t north and south. Its interior beauty and convenience are of a piece with iti h n"yT""hV'f -u-'^ .^'^ '' '^"'"^^^^^^^ ™-^ handsomely and'ex^n^^^^^^^^ than any other public building in the country " Portraits of ih. Q , • ^ " '' '''•^ look down from its walls. The State Depar ment T H . Secretaries of State collection of wn,.t« .. ^- 1 ; f J^epartment Library contains the most complete collection of woiks on diplomacy to be found on the continent. The files of American CITY OF WASHINGTOK. 49 newspapers are full and exhaustive, beginning with 1781, and it is to the care of this Department that the original Declaration of Independence is committed. The War Department is located in the north front of the building. In addition to the oiRce of the Secretary of War, the Adjutant-General, Inspector-General, Quarter- master-General, Commissary-General, Surgeon-General, Paymaster-General, the Chief of Engineers, and the Chief of Ordnance have their business headquarters here. The Navy Department is in the east front. It comprises eight Bureaus, as follows: Equipment and Recruiting, Ordnance, Provisions and Clothing, Medicine and Surgery, Yards and Docks, Construction and Repair, Navigation, and that of the Engineer- in-Chief. National Observatory. As an important adjunct of our Naval service, the National Observatory commands THE WHITE HOUSE — SOUTH FRONT. attention. It was founded in 1842, is under the immediate hand of the Bureau of Naviga- tion, and is confessedly one of the best in the world. The lofty ground it occupies is located directly on the Potomac near the southwestern end of New York avenue, and is ninety-six feet high. It w^as formerly known as Peter's Hill, and also as Camp Hill, the latter derived from the fact that General Braddock encamped his forces here in 1755 previous to the expedition he had undertaken, and that the Federal troops for the defense of Washington in 1814 were stationed here. The Observatory library is exceedingly valuable, and the "Great Equatorial Telescope," mounted in 1873, cost $,47,000. Navy Yard. — Situated on the Anacostia, a short distance west of the bridge, the Washington Navy Yard is a point of no inconsiderable interest. The grounds comprise about tvv«uty-seven acres, and the yard was formally established by Congressional enact- 50 CITY OF WASHINGTON. meut in March, 1804. Recently the yard has been more prominent for its manufacture of naval supplies than for naval construction. There are a few " Monitors " at the wharves, several large workshojis and foundries. The museum is full of objects of special value, more or less identified with the exploits of our navy, and about the yard are some i*are pieces of ordnance, one being a cannon used by Cortez in his conquest of Mexico, and also a mortar captured at Yorktown at the surrender of Cornwallis. | The Patent Office. ' The Patent Office Building, in which much of the work connected Avith the Depart-j ment of the Interior is performed, covers two squares, from Seventh to Ninth and from Fi to G streets. It measures 410 feet from east to west, and 275 feet from north to south. It is Doric in architecture, and in the original plan of the city the ground on which it stands was reserved for the building of a grand national church. The present structure was commenced in 1837. The south front, built of freestone painted white, was the earliest built, and was designed by Mr. Wm. F. Elliott and executed by Robert Mills. The east Aving was authorized in 1849, was commenced by Mr. Mills, and completed by Mr. Edward Clark, the architect of the Capitol, in 1864. The new portions are of Maryland marble. The building contains 190 rooms, and cost $2,700,000. In December, 1876, a fire consumed the building then occupied by the Patent Office, situated where the Post- Office Department now stands, and the models accumulated during forty-six years were all destroyed. Another fire occurred here September 24th, 1877, in which many thou- sands of models were destroyed. In this building is the office of the secretary of the interior, who has charge of afibirs connected Avith patents, public lands, i^ensions, Indians, census, education, and beneficiary asylums in the United States ; also supervisory control over the architect of the Capitol. The building is not large enough to accommodate all the offices connected Avith the department, and several rented buildings have been brought into its service. Post-Office Department. This building occupies the Avhole square betAveen Seventh and Eighth and E and F sti-eets, and is directly opposite the Patent Office. It is constructed of Avhite marble, from New York and Maryland quarries, and is of a modified Corinthian order of architecture. It is said to be the best representation of the Italian palatial in America, and recalls remem- brance of a Florentine palace. It measures 300 feet north and south and 204 feet east and Avest. In the centre of the front facing Eighth street, over the carriage gateway, is an interesting specimen of carving, representing " the railroad and the telegraph." The site of the south side of the Post-Office Department Avas, early in the history of the city, occupied by a brick building, projected by Mr. Samuel Blodgett, an unsuccessful specu- lator, for a hotel. It Avas put up, as the historian states, out of the proceeds of a lottery authorized to be draAvn, but not completed. The OAvners of the prize tickets Avere orphan children, Avho, not having the means of completing the building, suffered it to remain in an unfinished and dilapidated state. It was here the first theatrical entertainments Avere given in the National Capital. In 1810 it was bought by the Government, and in 1814— 15, after the burning of the Capitol, Congress held one session in its upper story, while in the second story the Patent Office Avas for years accommodated. The loAver story AA'as occupied by the General and City Post-Offices until December 15th, 1836, Avhen the building Avas destroyed by fire. In 1839 the south portion of the present building was commenced by Robert Mills, and in 1855 the new extension Avas begun. The Postmaster- General's Office is in the story above the basement on the south side. The Dead Letter CITY OF WASHINGTON. 51 Office is an interesting feature of the department, to enter which requires a pass, easily obtained from the chief clerk. The City Post-Office is uoav located on Louisiana avenue. The Treasury Department is on the east side of the White House. It has four fronts, each facing a point of the compass. These, including porticoes and steps, measure 582 by 300 feet. The east front, which was first built, is of Virginia freestone, and presents an extended colonnade. The remainder is of granite from Dix Island, Maine. The cost of the entire structure, as stated in a recent report, was $6,837,722.28. In 1814 the Treasury shared the same fate of the other public buildings, and was burned on the invasion of the city. It is said that President Jackson indicated with his cane the site of the present structure. It was com- SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE. menced in 1836, and the last extension was completed in 1855. The building contains 195 rooms. The cash room is the most beautiful of any, and well worth a visit. The vaults are of steel and chilled iron, and about 15 by 20 feet in size. A permit can be readily secured by means of which these vaults can be seen. The Department of Justice, situated opposite the Treasury, is a handsome building, originally erected for the Freed- raan's Bank. This department was created in June, 1870, and is presided over by the United States attorney-general. All Government prosecutions are conducted by it, and subordinate to it are the officers of the District and Circuit Courts of the United States, the Reform School, Metropolitan Police, and Jail of the District of Columbia, and the various law officers of the national departments. The principal objects of interest here 62 CITY OF WASHING TON. is the gallery of portraits of the attorneys-general of the United States. The Court of Claims is also accommodated in this building. The Court-House (formerly the City Hall) is situated opposite the northern terminus of Four-and-a-Half street, on Judiciary square. Here all the courts of the District are held, with the exception of the Police Court, which is held in the building at the northeast corner of Sixth and D streets, N. W., which was formerly used for worship by the Unitarian Society. In front of the Court-House, on a marble column, is a statue of President Lincoln, by Lot Flannery, of Washington, erected by contributions of citizens. The Reform School is situated on Lincoln's Hill (a fort of that name had occupied the site during the war), on the Washington and Baltimore turnpike. It is for boys, and attached is a farm of 150 acres. The Agricultural Bureau is situated between the Smithsonian Institution and the Washington Monument grounds, between Twelfth and Fourteenth streets, S. W. It is of brick, with brownstone trim- mings, 170 by 61 feet in dimensions, and was designed by Adolph Cluss and finished in 1868. It bears a striking resemblance to what the Palace of Versailles was when only a hunting chateau, before Louis XIV expended upon it the revenues of a kingdom. This bureau Avas established May 15th, 1862. There are extensive structures built for experi- mental gardening, known as Plant-Houses, designed *by Mr, Saunders, " superintendent of gardens," and there is also an Agricultural INIuseum of great interest. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is located on an eminence but a short distance southwest of the Agricultural Building. Here the printing of Government bonds, greenbacks, national bank notes, internal revenue stamps, etc., is done. No place in Washington is more attractive to visitors. The building is very handsome in itself, and cost upward of $700,000. There are over twelve hundred employees. The Government Printing Office is at the corner of North Capitol and H streets, four stories high, and measures 300 by 175 feet. It is undoul:)tedly the largest i:)rinting establishment in the world. All the public documents are printed here, and every modern invention to facilitate rapid and perfect printing and binding is here in use. There are over one thousand persons employed in the building, and the volumes issued each year reach hundreds of tons in weight and many millions of copies. The Smithsonian Institution is one of the most interesting places to visit in the city. The Institution was the bequest of an English gentleman, James Smithson, as " an establishment for the increase and dif- fusion of knowledge among men." The original bequest was $515,169, and it was accepted by Congress in 1836. The corner-stone was laid in 1847, and the structure was completed in 1856, at a cost of $150,000. It is built of red sandstone, and its extreme length from east to west is 447 feet ; the breadth of the centre, including carriage porch, is 160 feet. It has numerous towers, and reminds one of Holyrood, th§ palace of the old CITY OF WASHINGTON. 53 Scotch kings. It was designed by James Renwick, Jr., of New York. The style is Nor- man, in use about the end of the twelfth century. The grounds, extending from Seventh to Twelfth streets, Avere laid out by Mr. Andrew Jackson Downing, a landscape gardener of high reputation, who died while prosecuting the work. There is a beautiful vase to his memory erected here. The Institution publishes and distributes original works on general and special science, and is engaged in extensive meteorological investigations. The National Museum, adjoining it on the east, is an interesting place to visit, being filled with valuable curiosities from every part of the world. The building is 300 feet square, and cost some $300,000. It was here the Garfield inauguration ball was held in I6bl. It now con- MOUNT VKRNON. tains the Centennial exhibits and donations of foreign governments to the United States. The Pension Office is the latest addition to the list of public buildings in this city, and is a decided novelty in the style of its architecture. It is situated on the north front of Judiciary square, corner of G and Sixth streets, N. W. It is built of brick, the exterior being faced with pressed bricks, and the ornamentation is composed of molded and intaglio bricks and terra-cotta. It is an immense structure, three stories in height, and surmounted by a mammoth observatory. The ornamental frieze placed above the windows of the first story girts more than one-fourth of a mile. This frieze is of terra-cotta, and is enriched with designs representing incidents of the late war. Some of the figures depict infantry marching, cavalry, artillery, and wagon trains in motion, while others have pictures of 54 CITY OF WASHINGTON. cannon, shot, and exploding shells. The brick in the building wer6 selected from com- peting bidders, who were required to submit samples, which were tested at the United States Arsenal in Watertown, Mass., by compression between cast-iron platforms after the faces of the samples had been ground flat. On the high ground overlooking the city, on the south side of the Anacostia river^ is located the Government Hospital for the Insane, otherwise known as St. Elizabeth's Hospital. In the distance it looks like a large feudal castle. It Avas opened in 1855, and cost $988,846.35. There is attached to it an estate of 419 acres, a portion of Avhich is culti- vated by the patients. Miss Dix, the well-known philanthropist, took an active part in urging the establishment of this great Government benevolence. Xearly one thousand persons are accommodated within its walls. An iron bridge across the Anacostia, near the Navy Yard, affords access to the Hospital. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum, otherwise known as the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, is situated on "Kendall Gi'een," in a northeasterly direction from the Capitol, and is reached by Seventh street east, or M street north. Hon. Amos Kendall, postmaster-general in President Jackson's Cabinet, donated, late in life, a few acres, and a small building first occupied by the institution, which w^as incorporated in 1857, and has since been mainly supported by Congress. In 1864 a collegiate department was created, which has since rapidly increased in efficiency. In 1870 the Board of Trustees purchased an additional 82 acres of Kendall Green property for $85,000, payable in four years. The property is now valued at $350,000. The Soldiers' Home is, perhaps, the most popular suburban resort to the citizens of Washington, as well as to visitors in the city. It is, in object, somewhat similar to that of the Hotel des Invalides at Paris. To General Winfield Scott is the military service indebted, in ^reat part, for the suggestion and endowment of the Soldiers' Home. On March 3d, 1851, not long after the termination of the Mexican War, Congress donated $118,719, the unused bal- ance in the Treasury of the sum levied by General Scott on the City of Mexico, to aid in the establishment of the Home. To this sum is added forfeitures, fines, and a tax of twelve cents per month on each inmate. The main building is of marble, three stories high, with a frontage of 200 feet. There are also several beautiful marble cottages, the residences of the officers, clustered around it. In summer time Presidents Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln, and Hayes resided here. The grounds embrace 500 acres, and are most beautifully laid out. The drive within the inclosure extends seven miles. On the brow of the hill facing the city is a bronze statue of General Scott, ten feet high, designed by Launt Thompson, and erected by the Home in 1874 at a cost of $18,000. From this point can be seen the city, the Potomac, and the hills of Virginia, making one of the most extensive views in this section. The National Military Cemetery adjoins the Home, and was established in 1861. It is a sad memorial of the war, and contains the graves of 5,153 Union and 271 Confederate dead, the names of 279 of whom are unknown. The Washington Monument is a marked feature in viewing the city, and is noted as beiug the highest monumental shaft in the world. It is a marble obelisk, situated on a bluff on the Potomac liver, near the northwest terminus of Virginia avenue. It is the spot which General Wash- CITY OF WASHINGTON. 55 ::nn.?s:TiT;ff;5;'^"" ffif JftJafe "mllLM"l '" EMANCIPATION. JACKSON'S STATUE. ^ CITY OF WASHINGTON. mgton mdicated as h,s choice for the erection of the statue which the Continental Con gress had voted ,„ honor of his services. In 1835 the Washington Monument Tiocia" t.on was formed, w.th Chief Justice Marshall a« president. The accepted dTl f™ T." monument to the memory of Washington was the idea of Robert M^-aTfl^ 1^ from a rotunda to the height of 600 feet-designed to be the highest structure ever rearf by man, excepting the Tower of Babel. The corner-stone was lai.l July Tth 1848 w^ an address by Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, of Massachusetts, speaker of the Hon e of Representafves. There had been collected for continuing thl work J2,30 000 Thl fund was soon exhausted and work was suspended before the culmination of the late men ed ::d thTTft ' ">-f ^ ^P^Priations for the purpose, work was re^ot ThrelT T ".""'P'""^ =" " ''"'S"" "f ■'■'•^ fe*^' °" December 6th, 1884 The capstone .s a cuncform keystone, its height from base to top being 5 feet 2J inches and ,ts weight ,3,300 pounds. The apex of the monument is engraved with appopriate mscnptions, settmg forth the names of the engineers, architect' and master 'worCn Iu3oZ f , M """""'T' ""•' "'^ ^'"^ "' ■'^ '•""«'«-• i'» ™«« cost w" «l,l.iO,000, of which amount Congress appropriated $900,000. The Corcoran Art Gallery, at the corner of .Seventeenth street and Pennsylvania avenue, is a notable place of resort for visi oi-s the cty. The bnilding is the gift of Mr. W. W. Corcoran a r dreanlom!lT n ed t'h B le ille freestone. With the building was also given Mr. Corcoran's own priva e art collection, and an endowment fund of $900,000, the interest of which is to b exp ided o ncrease the collection. Facilities for copying the works of the gallery are3ianv extended to ar ,s s and students on certain conditions. It is open daify, and oi Tn "vs Thu ..days, and .Saturdays the admission is free, a fee of twenly-five ce its being ha ted a:;t;taLb"e:" ''°"^"'°" "' ""'"""-'^' •'^""""-«' "^ '^"- '« exceedliitfl:' Howard University W^iliroT'T '^'"'"' '" the hill, near the ternunus of the Seventh street hoi.e lailroad ronte. It was incorporated in 1867, and named in compliment to General O O. Howard, then a director of the Freedman's Bureau. The pupils are mostly of the colored race, and its corps of teachers are noted for their intellig ne'e and cX Tkl value of the property is about $600,000. cuixure. ine Freedmen's Asylum is in the near neighborhood of the University. Among the numerous other Educational Institutions of the city are the following, viz. : the llted !,, f '1 '■"'^^-.™'™»'' ■■'""- The grounds embrace forty acres, and nco"rt d int^l " " .« W00,000. It was first founded by the Baptists, Trpo'e al7„ ,873 ; b '''"""'"'^f .'" 1»22. During the war it was used for ho'spita the chief h tii , , 1 V '""' "University. The president of the United States and tIn22mL , ■^T""' ^°""'' ""' '"'"""•"'•y """"^"^ »'■"'« Board of Trustees. tI^ r /i ' Ci-'^^. connected with the Universitv, is on H street between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W., and was founded in 1824. The pr^ent b ,d" CITY OF WASHINGTON. 57 ing was presented by Mr. AV. \V. Corcoran in 1864. The Law Department of the Uni- versity, established in 1826, is on Fifth, between D and E streets, N. W., opposite Judi- ciary square. Gonzaga College was founded as a seminary in 1848, incorporated a University in 1858, and is conducted by Fathers of the Society of Jesus. It is located on I street,, between North Capitol and First, N. W. The public schools of Washington are not surpassed by those of any city in the Union, and have made themselves felt not only in the character and trained ability of the native citizens who have gone forth from her institutions as representative men, but have also greatly added to the attractions of the city as a place of residence. Large and gen- erous action on the part of Congress has developed a superior system of public schools, which are closely watched and carefully guarded by an efficient superintendent and Board of Trustees. The headquarters of the Board is in the Franklin Public School Building, at the corner of Thirteenth and K streets, N. W. POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. The Franklin School is located opposite Franklin Park, and is an imposing and sub- stantial brick building three stories high, and contains fourteen school-rooms. The Jefferson, at the corner of Sixth and D streets, S. W., is the largest school building in the city, was erected in 1872, and can accomnwdate twelve hundred scholars. The Seaton, on I, between Second and Third streets, N. W., was erected in 1871. This site was occupied by the Stanton Hospital during the late war. The other prominent public schools in the city are : The Analostan, Twenty-first and G streets, N. W.; The Miner, Seventeenth and Q streets, N. W. ; The Wallack, Eighth street and Pennsylvania avenue, S. E. ; The Lincoln, Second and C streets, S. E. ; The Curtis, O, near Thirty-second, W. AV.; The Randall, First and I streets, S.W.; The Amidon, Sixth and G streets, S. W. ; The Abbott, corner New York avenue and Sixth streets, N. ^Y. ; The Crauch, corner Twelfth and G streets, S. E. ; The Sumner, corner Seventeenth and M streets, N. W. 58 CITY OF WASHINGTON. The Benevolent Institutions of "Washington are many and important. They are supported mainly by private contri- butions, though in some instances they are aided by appropriations from the District Treasury. The National Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home is located on G street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets, N, W., and was incorporated in 1866. The amount appropriated by Government was $77,381.25, and its affairs were in charge of a board of lady managers. No applicants are received under six years old, nor kept after sixteen years. Washington City Orphan Asylum, at the corner of Fourteenth and S streets, N. W. was founded in 1815. Mrs. Dolly Madison was first directress and Mrs. Van Ness (Marcia Burns) second. It was incorporated in 1828, and is under the control of benevo- lent Protestant ladies. The Children's Hospital, on W, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets, N. W., was incorporated in 1871. Its object is to provide free surgical and medical treatment for the poor children of the District, and is under the patronage of tlie benevolent. A free dispensary is connected with it. Sundays, Tuesdays, and Fridays, from three to five p. M., are visiting days. The building is a very handsome one, was designed by Mr. Jno. C. Harkness, and is valued at $23,000. Louise Home, on Massachusetts avenue between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets, was erected in 1871, and is the gift of the wealthy philanthropist, Mr. W. W. Corcoran'. It provides an elegant home for reduced gentlewomen, and its inmates are invited by the lady directresses. It cost $200,000, and has an endowment of $250,000. It accommo- dates fifty-five persons, and is open to visitors every week-day after twelve noon. Providence Hospital was founded in 1862 by the Sisters of Charity, and is one of the really benevolent institutions of great value to this community. It is situated at the cor- ner of D and Second streets, S. E., and is a magnificent building. Its accommodations for pay patients are ample and excellent, and it is furnished with a fine library, reading- room, and chapel. St. John's Hospital, for children, is situated on H, between Nineteenth and Twen- tieth streets, N. W., and is under the direction of the St. John's Sisterhood of the Episco- pal Church. It has received an appropriation of $25,000 from Government. St. Ann's Infant Asylum, for children less than five years, was founded in 1863, and is under the management of the Sisters of Charity. It is located at the corner of K and Twenty-fourth streets, and has a lying-in hospital attached. There are also St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum, on H between Ninth and Tenth streets, N. W.; St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, on the southwest corner of G and Tenth streets, N. W. ; the Visitation Academy, on Connecticut avenue, between L and M streets, N. W. ; the Academy of the Holy Cross, on Massachusetts avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W.; the Epiphany Church Home, on H, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; the Home for the A^ed Poor, on the corner of Third and H streets, N. E.; and the Women's Christian Association, at Thirteenth and K streets, N. W. Religion, education, and charity go hand in hand, and are ecjually well represented in the National Capital. Washington is justly celel)rated for the richness of its church edifices, as well as for their large number and excellent seating accommodations. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 59 The following is a complete list of The Churches of the City, with the denominsitions alphabetically arranged, VIZ. BAPTiST.-First Baptist, Thirteenth street, between G and TT streets N W^. Second Church, corner of Virginia avenue and Fourth street S E E. Street Church, south side, between Sixth and Seventh streets N W Calvary Church, corner of H and Eighth streets, N. \V^ Fifth Baptist Church, D street, near Four-and-a-Half street S W. North Baptist Church, Fourteenth street, near R street, N W Kendall Mission Chapel, corner Thirteen-and-a-Half and V) streets S W calvary Mission Chapel, comer of Fifth and P streets, Metropolitan Baptist Chapel (erected 1875), S. W. corner of A and Sixth streets, N. E. Gay Street Baptist, corner of Congress and Gay, George- town. St. Paul's Church (Ritualistic), Twenty-third street, N. W , south of Pennsvlvania-avenue Circle. Church of the Holy Communion, Twenty-second street, near E street, X. W. Church of the Holy Cross, corner of Nineteenth and P streets N. AV. St. Andrew's Church, Fourteenth and Corcoran streets. N.W. St. James' Parish, services in the house, No. 819 H street, N. E. St. Paul's Church (Rock Creek), near Soldiers' Home. 1 Emanuel Church, Washington street, Uniontown. Christ Church, corner Congress and Beall streets, George- town. St. John's Church, Second and Potomac streets, George- ' town. Grace Church, High, between Bridge and Water streets Georgetown. St. Alban's, High street extended, Georgetown. Baptist Colored CHURCHES.-Secoud Baptist, Third street, near I street, N. W. Third Baptist, Franklin, between P and Q streets, N. W . Fourth Baptist, R street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth , streets, N. W. 1 Fifth Baptist, Vermont avenue, between Q and R streets, N.W. Sixth Baptist, near corner of Sixth and G streets, S. A^ . Nineteenth Street, corner of Nineteenth and I streets, N. W. Shiloh, L street, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets, N. W. Rehoboth, First street, near O street, S. W. Mt. Zion, F street, between Third and Four-and-a-Half streets, S. W. Liberty Church, E street, corner of Eighteenth, N. W. Abyssinian, Vermont avenue, corner of R street, N. W. L-Street Baptist, corner of Fourth and L streets, N. W. Enon, corner of Sixth street and South Carolina avenue, Mt.' Olivet Baptist Church, Sixth street between L and M,N. E. ^ I First Baptist Church, Dumbarton and Monroe streets, j Georgetown. Christadelphian Synagogue.— Christadelphian Syna- gogue, Circuit-Court Room, City Hall. Christian.— Memorial Church, Vermont avenue,'between N and O streets, N. W. CONGREGATIONAL.-First Congregational Church, corner of Tenth and G streets, N. W. Episcopal.— St. John's Church, corner of Sixteenth and H streets, N. W. Epiphany Church, G street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W. Trinity Church, corner of Third and C streets, N. W. Church of the Ascension, corner of Massachusetts avenue and Twelfth street, N. W. Christ Church, G street, between Sixth and Seventh, S. E. Grace Church, D street, between Eighth and Ninth, S. W. Church of the Incarnation, corner of Twelfth and N streets, N. W. St. Mark's Church, Third street, between A and B streets, S. E. Episcopal (CoLORED).-St. Mary's Chapel, Twenty-third street, between H and I streets. EPISCOPAL (REFORMED).-No settled place of worship. FRIENDS' MEETING HousES.-Meetiug House (Hicksite), I street, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, N. W., north side. Meeting House (Orthodox), Thirteenth street, between R and S streets, N. W. GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH.-First Reformed Church, corner of Sixth and N streets, N. W. German service in the morning ; English service in the evening. HEBREW SYNAGOGUES.-Congregation Adas Israel (Ortho- dox), corner of Sixth and G streets, N. W. Services every Friday evening at sunset, and every Saturday at 8 A M. and 4 p. m. Washington Hebrew Congregation, Eighth street, between H and I streets, N.W. Services Friday evening at < o'clock and Sabbath (Saturday) morning at 9 o clock. LUTHERAN.-St. Paul's Church (English) corner of Eleventh and H streets, N. W. , ^ , ., Memorial Church (English), corner of N and Fourteenth streets ^ W. , German Evangelical Congregation of Trinity Unaltered Augsburg Confession, corner of Fourth and E streets. Geraan Evangelical Church, corner of Twentieth and G streets, N. W. TT„if German Evangelical, St. John's Church, Four-and-a-Half street, S. W. ^ . .. a r- Capitol-Hill Mission, First street, near C street, S.E. German Evangelical Association, Sixth street, between L and M streets, N. W. Lutheran Church, corner of High and Fourth streets, Georgetown. Methodist EPiscoPAL.-Metropolitan, corner Four-and-a- Half and C streets, N. W. ,„.„„t« Foundry Church, corner of Fourteenth and G street., Wesley Chapel, corner of Fifth and F streets, N. W. McKendree Church. Massachusetts avenue, between Ninth and Tenth streets, N. W. Ryland Chapel, corner of Tenth and D streets, S. W. 60 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Union Chapel, Twentieth street, near Pennsylvania ave- nue. N. W. Waugh Chapel, corner of Third and A streets. N. E. Hamline Church, corner of Ninth and P streets, N. W. Grace Chapel, corner of Ninth and S streets, X. W. Fourth-Street Church, Fourth street, between South Caro- lina avenue and G street, S. E. Twelfth-Street Church, corner of Twelfth and E streets S. E. Fletcher Chapel, corner of New York avenue and Fourth street, N. W. Gorsueh Chapel, corner of L and Four-and-a-Half streets, S. W. Providence Chapel, corner of Second and I streets, N. E. Mt. Zion Chapel, corner of Fifteenth and R streets, N. W. McKendree Mission, H street, between Eighth and' Ninth streets, N. E. Memorial M. E. Chapel, 1878, H and Eleventh streets, N. E. Uniontown, nearly opposite the Navy- Yard. Dumbarton Street, between Congress and High streets Georgetown. ' West Georgetown Church, corner of Fayette and Seventh streets, Georgetown. Methodi.st Episcopal SouTH.-Mount Vernon Church, corner Ninth and K streets, N. W. Methodlst PROTE.STANT. -Methodist Protcstant Church on Ninth street, between E and F streets, N. W. ' First M. P. Church, Virginia avenue, near Navy- Yard M. P. Mission, corner of Eighth street and North Carolina avenue, S. E. Congress-Street Church, between Bridge and Gay streets Georgetown. ' Mount Pleasant Church, corner of Fayette and High streets, Georgetown. Methodlst Colored CHiiRCHEs.-Wesley Zion, D street between Second and Third streets, S. W. Union Wesley, Twenty-third, near L street, N. W John We.sley, Connecticut avenue, near L street, N W Galbraith Chapel, L street, between Fourth and Fifth streets, N. W. Israel Bethel, corner of B and First streets, S \\ Union Bethel, M street, between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets, N. W. St. Paul's Chapel, Eighth street, between D and E streets, Mt. Pisgah Chapel, Tenth street, between Q and R streets N. W. Asbury, corner of Eleventh and K streets, N. W. Ebenezer, corner of D and 4th streets, S. E. Asbury Mission, corner Boundary and' Ninth .streets N W Ebenezer A. M. E. Church, Beall street, between Mont- gomery and Monroe streets, Georgetown. Mt. Zion M. E. Church, West street, Georgetown A, M. E. Church, Hillsdale, D. C. A. M. E. Church, Cfood Hope, D. C. PRESBYTERiAN.-First Presbyterian Church, Four-and-a- Half street, between Louisiana avenue and C street N W TH-?'\:^'''T'' ^''"'■"^' ^"^' ^'^'-'^ ^^^"^e. beiweea Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets N W Fourth Church, Ninth street, between ' G and H streets. N. VV. '' Assembly's Church, corner of Fifth and I streets N W Sixth Church, Sixth street, near Maryland avenue 's W Western Presbyterian Church, H street, between ' Nine- teenth and Twentieth streets, N. W., near Pennsylvania avenue. ' Metropolitan Presbyterian Church, corner of Fourth and B streets, S. E. Westminster Presbyterian Church, Seventh street be- tween D and E streets, S. W. North Presbyterian, on N street, between Ninth and Tenth streets, N. W. Reformed Presbyterian, First street, between N and O streets, S. W. Central Presbyterian, corner of Third and I streets N W Eastern Presbyterian, Eighth street, between F and G streets, N. E. Gurley Mission, Boundary, near Seventh street N W West-Street Presbyterian Church, between Congress and High streets, Georgetown. Presbyterian (Colored). -Fifteenth-Street Presbyterian Church, Fifteenth street, between I and K streets, N. W. ROM.^N CATHOLic.-St. Patrick's Church, between Ninth and Tenth streets, N. W. The oldest Roman Catholic Church in Washington. St. Peter's church, corner of Second and C streets S E Built on ground donated by Daniel Carroll, of Dudding- ton, one of the largest original proprietors of the Fed- eral City. St. Matthew's Church, corner of Fifteenth and H streets N. W. ' St. Mary's Church (German), Fifth street, near H street N. W. ' St. Dominic's Church, corner of Sixth and E streets S W St. Aloysins Church, corner North Capitol and I streets' N. W. ' Church of the Immaculate Conception, corner of Eighth and N .streets, N. W. St. Stephen's Church, corner of Pennsylvania .-venue and Twenty-fifth streets, N. W. St. Joseph's Church (German), corner of Second and C streets, N. E. Trinity Church, corner of First and Lingan streets George- town. St. Teresa, Uniontown. Roman Catholic (CoLORED).-St. Augustine's Church, Fif- teenth street, near L street, N. W. UNITARIAN.-All Soul's Church, corner of Fourteenth and L streets, N. W. UNIVERSALIST.-Southeast corner of Thirteenth and L streets. Young Men's Christian As,sociation.— New York avenue west of Fourteenth street. * New JERUSALEM.-Temple of the New Jerusalem Church North Capitol street, between B and C streets N e' Seats free. ' There are a large number of first-class Hotels !k"f I' ::'"'' ''-7.--W--<'e reput.u!o„ for the excellence of their acco™™„- dat,ons and the success of thc.r management. Prominent among them are the following. VIZ Arlington, on Vermont avenue ; capacity, 325 guests Ebbitt, corner F and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; capacity, 350 guests. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 61 Harris House, E street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; capacity, ^^^ irtmes, corner Pennsylvania avenue and Sixth street, K W ; European plaj. St. Marc, corner Pennsylvania avenue and Seventh street, f J- = f -P^ P^^^ . Metropolitan, on Pennsylvania avenue, between Sixth and Seventh streets, N. W. , "'tS^Tpennsylvania avenue, corner Sixth street, N. W. ; capacity, 500. Riggs House, corner Fifteenth and G streets, N. W. Tremont, corner Second street and Indiana avenue. Willard's, on Pennsylvania avenue and Fourteenth streets, N. W. ; capacity, 500. Wormley's, on Fifteenth and H streets, N. W. ; capacity, 150. BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. There are other hotels of lower prices, suited to all classes of persons. Railway Facilities. For South North, East, and West, trains leave on the Baltimore and Potomac rail- Toad, from the depot at the corner of B and Sixth streets, N. W., near Pennsylvania *™tr East, North, and West, trains leave on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, from the depot at the corner of C street and New Jersey avenue, near the Capitol. Horse-Car Routes. Columbia railway. From the Treasury, Fifteenth street and New York avenue, to H street, and Boundary, N. E. It intersects the Metropolitan at Ninth street, and the Seventh street line at Seventh street. ■ 62 CJTY OF WASHINGTON Metropolitan railway. From Seventeenth street, south to Pennsylvania avenue near the State Department, to Senate wing of Capitol. Georgetown and East Capitoi street branch of this route runs from Georgetown near the Convent, to Lincoln square. g«Lo\\n, Ninth street branch, from northern terminus of Ninth street to the Arsenal eate Silver Sprmg branch, from northern terminus of Seventh street, route to the roarl leading to Soldiers' Home and Rock Creek Church. AVashington and Georgetown railway, main branch. At the corner of Penn^vlvania avenue and Fi.t street, N. W. ; passengers going to or coming fron. the Baltim re a d Uhio depot are transferred ivithout extra charge. Fourteenth street branch. From the Treasury, Fifteenth street, and New York avenne, to he Boundary north. Exchange tickets given for Pennsvlvania avenue li" e Seventh street branch. Front the Boundary north to the river front. Exchange tickets given for Pennsylvania avenue line. i^-vcii,uige Capitol, North O Street and South Washington railroad, or, " The Belt," so called fron, the circuitons route it travces. It star,, on Maryland avenue, at he flotof Capitol Hi 1 ,«.t, soutli side of the Botanical Garden, and proceeds north to O street then w«,t to Eleventh street, then turns south to E street, again west to Fourterth street, then sou h to Ohio avenue, which it traverses southeast to Twelfth street X„ south crossing the Mall to Virginia avenue, along which it travels to its intersection Maryland avenue, then along that avenue to the place from which it started and ('%^"f™^';»^™'' P"'"™" River street railroad commences at Sixth street wharf and M street S. W ; thence runs east along M street to Eleventh street, S. E. • then south a ong Eleventh street, crossing Anaeostia bridge to Uniontown, term'inating th r upon^llss^gir ™™" ^'"'' """^""'^ ""^"''™»"^' "-^ -"f--™^ - S-' f-r Markets. The principal markets of the city are the followiuo- • . Centre Market.-410 feet front, between Seventh and Ninth streets, on ^he south side of Pennsylvania avenue, N. W. ; built 1870 Eastern Market.-On Capitol Hill, at the junction of Seventh street E., and North Caroluia avenue ; built 1873. . ^>orin Western Market.-On K, between Twentieth and Twenty-First streets, N. W. Northern Market.-Between Sixth and Seventh streets and O and P streets N W. ; temporarily accommodated in wooden sheds ^orthern Liberty Market.-On Fifth street between K and L streets, N. W • is of brick ; 324 feet long ; cost $140,000 ; built 1875. , > • w . , i. ot Newspapers. field t 'I',! ''°""''^' ■"^^^l"'"^'-' "f ">^ •^""■'fy, Washington is naturally an important sutplied 1":"'" '\ '■?""' order of journalistic ability. It fs to^av bett^ I names of ,,,""'" '".," '''" ™^ '^^''''' »"'' "« "^' -'■-'' fo"°« «howa the names of the papers now published and the date of publication, viz. : ihe iLmnmg^r is published every afternoon, except Sunday. OfBce Pennsvl- vania avenue and Eleventh street, N. W. i-ennsyl- street^N. w'"'"" ^"'^ '' """''^"'^ ''"^ ''*^"«"'" '^«=P' S'""'^- Office, 511 Ninth ' of Tel' fid DlfeTsf W.' """"'"' ''''' """""^ ^^^P' ^"'«"'^- ««»' ™™- CITY OF WASHINGTON. G3 The ^YmUngton Post is published every morning. Office, corner of Tenth and D streets N W. « The 'Washington Journal is published every morning in German. Office, corner ot Seventh and G streets, N. W. The Herald is published every Sunday morning. Office, 409 Tenth street, N. W. The Gazette is published every Sunday morning. Office, 911 D street. The Chronicle is published every Sunday morning. Office, 432 Ninth street K W. The Capital is published every Sunday morning. Office, 1326 F street, N. W The Eepublic is published every Saturday. Office, 908 Pennsylvania avenue, N. W. A PEOMTNENT SUBURBAN RESIDENCE. The Patent Office Gazette is published every Tuesday. Office, Patent Office, Seventh and F streets, N. W. . Cemeteries. The cemeteries in and about Washington have an historic interest, aside from their own peculiar beauties of situation and arrangement, which makes them objects of regard and reverence from every patriotic citizen of the Union. Especially is this the case with Congressional Cemetery, which is attached to Christ Church, Episcopal, at the Navy Yard. This cemetery was laid out in 1807, and now embraces ten acres. It is called Concrressional because there are sites allotted here for the interment of members of Con- gress who die in office, and even if not buried here, a monument is erected to their 64 CITY OF WASHI lYGTON. memory. There are rows of tombs many of which are empty. It is not only a beauti- «ful cemetery, but is interesting on account of the many distinguished dead who lie here. The grandest burial spot, however, in tlie District is Oak Hill Cemetery, on George- town Heights, which, for beauty and situation, exquisite taste in adornment, and excel- lence of management, challenges comparison with any cemetery in the world. It was originally the gift of Mr. AV. W. Corcoran, and has been gradually enlarged until it now embraces thirty acres. All that nature with lavish hand can furnish of grateful shade and fragrant bloom; all that art can suggest, stimulated by love for those " who are not," finds rare fulfillment in this beautiful sleeping-place of the dead. The oldest of all is the Rock Creek Cemetery, near the Soldiers' Home. Rock Creek Church was first erected in 1719, rebuilt in 1775, and remodeled in 1868. A.bout one-half of the glebe belonging to this old parish church has of late years been added to the cemetery. The venerable Peter Force, so long conspicuous in the Federal City, is interred here. Glenwood Cemetery lies about a mile and a half north of the Capitol. It embraces 90 acres, and was incorporated in 1854. Amos Kendall, postmaster-general in the time •of Jackson and Van Buren, is buried here. Near the entrance to Glenwood are Pros- pect Hill Cemetery, 17 acres, and St. Mary's Burying Ground, 3 acres. Mount Olivet Cemetery, comprising 70 acres, is on the Columbia turnpike, one-half mile north of the east terminus of the Columbia horse railway, and was incorporated in 1862. Many Roman Catholics of eminence are buried here. Graceland Cemetery, about forty acres, is situated at the east terminus of the Columbia horse railway, and was opened in 1872. Two of the oldest cemeteries, the Eastern and AVestern, have been displaced by recent improvements, and the many burying-places immediately surrounding the churches have had, for the most part, the dead removed from them. The National Cemetery is located at Arlington, in Virginia, on the south side of the Potomac and in plain view of the Capitol. This is recognized as historic ground. The heights comprise two hundred acres. Over fifteen thousand of the Union dead lie bui'ied around the former beautiful home of the great-granddaughter of Martha Washington, who became the wife of tlie Confederate chieftain, Robert E. Lee. The cemetery lying west of the house is devoted to white, and that lying north to colored soldiers. South of the house is the " Unknown Tomb," in which are placed the remains of 2,111 unknown soldiers gathered from the battle-fields of Bull Run and the route to the Rappahannock. Near this tomb is an ampitheatre, erected in 1873, designed for use on Decoration Day, capable of accommodating 5,000 persons. In regard to this estate, it has been currently reported that it was bequeathed by General Washington to Mr. Custis, his adopted son. The truth is, ]\Ir. Custis inherited it from his fiither, John Parke Custis, and General AVashington never owned it. Fort AYhipple is situated a short distance northwest from Arlington House, and is the only one of the many forts built near AVashington during the late war that has not been dismantled. It is now a station for instruction in signaling. West AVashington, which is still better known by its old title of Georgetown, is separated from AA^ashington by Rock Creek, and lies northwest of the city. The horse-cars enter Georgetown by both the Pennsylvania avenue and P street routes. " Georgetown Heights," as they are CITY OF WASHINGTON. 65 called present unsurpassed facilities for sightly building sites, and are occupied by beau- tiful r'esidences, many of them of a palatial character. This was a town of some unport- ance at the time the Federal City was located, and possesses many spots of great historic '"^'Tjorae^or^n College, founded in 1789, raised to a University in 1815 is probably the oldest Roman Catholic College in the country. It is under the care ot the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. The library contains many rare works and some valuable nmnu- scripts while in the Museum are many coins and medals, with interesting relics of Com- modore Decatur. A new building, forming a frontage to the original one, and ^hich of itself would constitute one of the finest collegiate edifices in America, designed by bmith- mever has greatly increased its educational capacity. The Convent of the Visiiation, founded here in 1799, is another institution of note. The Academy is under the care of the Sisters of the Visitation, and is liberally patron- ized by students from all parts of the country. In the convent vault a daughter of General Scott is buried. , , , • ^i r» uv The LintJiicum Institute and the Peabody Library are accommodated m the Fubhc School building on Second and Potomac streets. Edward Linthicum, a retired hardware merchant left by will $50,000 for the education of poor white boys. George Peabody, the world-renowned millionaire philanthropist and once a resident of Georgetown, gave S22,000 to institute the Peabody Library. , , ^^^ ^^^ n The Georgetown High-Service Reservoir, with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallons, is an object of great interest, located at the head of Market street. The surface water is 215 feet above tide, and 70 feet above the Distributing Reservoir. Mount Vernon, the home and tomb of Washington, is some sixteen miles below the city, on the Potomac river The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association now owns the mansion and contiguous grounds A boat starts daily, excepting on Sunday, from Seventh street wharf, at ten A M for Mount Vernon, gives ample time for excursionists to explore the house and grounds and, returning, reaches Washington at half-past three P. M. Forts Foote and Washington, as well as the city of Alexandria, are passed en route, and the scenery on both sides of the river is not only beautiful, but replete with interesting national associa- tions A walk from the wharf leads first to the tomb of Washington. The front of the vault is open, defended by an iron gateway, through which the sarcophagus containing the remains of the distinguished dead can be plainly seen. There is also the sarcophagus containing the remains of Martha, the wife of Washington, while a number of family graves surround the tomb. As a Place of Residence, the city of Washington is probably the most cosmopolitan of all the cities of the Union. It is improving every year in its social status, and is rapidly being built up m a solid, substantial manner. It is the winter residence of many of the wealthiest people of the nation who entertain liberally and combine to make a brilliant social circle while Con- gress is in session. The erection of so many palatial residences in the city and suburbs during the past decade has caused a gratifying rise in the value of real estate, and gives a flattering assurance of still further development and prosperity for the Nations Capital. CITY OF WASHINGTON. The sketches that follow are a fair exponent of the business interests of this beautiful and prosper- ous city. They will be found generally accurate and reliable, and all are representatives in their way of the progressive spirit that has operated to give Washington a position as an important purchasing centre. Robert I. Fleming-, Architect and Builder, Kellogg Building, No. 1416 F Street, N. W.— The rapid growth and development of Washington, both in wealth and population, has created an ex- cellent field for tiie highest order of architectural talent, while the handsome appearance of the pub- lic and private buildings in the city elicits tlie ad- miration of travelers and experts. Among the leading architects and builders who share in the credit of Washington's beauty is Mr. Robert I. Fleming, whose office is located in the Kellogg Building, No. 1416 F Street, N. W. This gentle- man has been established in business here for a period of twenty years and has attained a marked prominence in his profession, having designed and carried through to completion a large number of the most prominent public buildings, business struc- tures, and private residences that have been erected during this period of time. He has achieved great success botli as regards exterior elegance and the equally important details of the interior, and embodying in his plans, at the same time, all the suggestions and requirements of the owner. He closely follows specifications in supervising con- struction and in every possible way subserves the best interests of his patrons. Limits of space pre- vent us from naming but a few of the buildings designed and erected by liim. Among the number special mention should be made of the Kellogg Building, on F street, which is one of the finest business blocks in the city, also All Souls' Church, at tlie corner of Fourteenth and L streets, the De- partment of Justice building, the Second District Schoolhouse, English Legation building, the Broadhead House (now Professor Bell's), Judge W. S. Cox's, Castle Stewart, .Judge C-. J. Hillyer's, Mrs. A. Patten's, Senator Jolin R. ]McPherson's, Senator F. W. Palmer's, and many otliers, all of which have elicited the warmest commendation from all who have inspected them. He is at the present time busily engaged in the preparation of plans and designs for numerous patrons and is at all times prepared to successfully undertake the most important public and private contracts. He employs eight experienced assistants, and is prompt, sy.stematic, and reliable in meeting all engagements, and in conjunction with his superior designs has gii'en him an enviable position in his profession. Mr. Fleming is a native of Richmond, Va , and is i-ecognized as a leader iu his profession in this city. Walsli, Cropley & Co., Bankers and Brokers, Stocks, Grain, Provisions, and Petroleum, No. 515 Seventh Street.— This house was established in February, 1885, by Messrs. Noyes & Walsh, who were succeeded in September of tlie same year by the present firm. The facilities enjoyed by the firm in each branch of their business are rarely equaled in this city. They have an extensive connection, large clientele, and a wide reputation, and are in- trusted by many parties with important commis- sions for investment which receive at all times the most careful consideration. They buy and sell all securities dealt in at tlie New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges at lowest rates of commissions permitted by those organizations, obtaining contin- uous reports of the markets, executing all orders promptly, and transacting all busine.ss satisfac- torily. They give special attention to both stocks, grain, provisions, and petroleum, for eacli of which they have equal facilities. The individual mem- bers of this firm are Messrs. J. W. Walsh, T. L. Cropley, and F. B. Shafer, well-known resi- dents of Washington and gentlemen of reputa- tion and standing in financial circles and large ex- perience in their business, who have built up a business in botli the East and the West that fully shows their ability, energy, and influence. Tliey gre connected by direct wires with the New York and Chicago markets, and orders for tlie purchase or sale of stocks, bonds, petroleum, grain, and pro- visions are filled by tliem in quantities to suit pur- chasers, from ten siiares of stocks to five thousand shares, and grain, provisions, and petroleum in like proportions and on margins of from one per cent, upward. In this system of business losses are limited to the amount of margin deposited, while profits are unlimited, and all the advantage-! of the market obtainable by members of the different Exchanges are offered to their clients as thougli they were present on tlie floor of the Exchange themselves. Full quotations of the different mar- kets are received of all transactions and posted on blackboards in their offices for the information of their clients and the puljlic. The current gossip of Wall street and Chicago is also received, and all sources of information are searched as a guide to the market. Their office is alike open to the man of wexlth and to the man of limited means, and all receive the same consideration at their hands. 67 68 CITY OF WASHINGTON. F. G. Smith, Manufacturer of Bradbury Piano Fetes, No. 122-5 Pennsylvania Avenue, W. P. Van Wickle, Resident Manager.— Tlie dust- orumbling arciiives of tlie oldest race of people that ever populated the glol)e bring up testimony to modern nations of music and musical instrunients having, even in the Mosaic period, been prized Throughout the wliole of their recorded history the Italians, Greeks, and Germans have been renowned for their superior musical ability over the people of tlie Western Nations, but in the manufacture of that queen of musical instruments, the piano, the Americans are entitled to the palm. In this class of manufactures the "Bradbury" piano has long taken a foremost rank. Thirty-five years ago Mr. Bradbury began the manufacture of "the far-famed pianos which bear his name, and in 1878 he retired from business and was succeeded by Mr. Freeborn G. Smith, whose warerooms and principal office are on the corner of Fifth avenue and Seventeenth street, New York. Mr. Smith, the manufacturer of the Bradbury, is in every respect a self-made man, and all his energies, at this time, are centred in making this the equal of any piano produced. He has devoted his entire life to the practical de- tails of the piano, and liis success is a most gratify- ing one. Two extensive factories are operated in connection with the business, and one of these is located at Leominster, Mass., and the other on i the corner of Raymond and Willouglibv streets \ Brooklyn, New York. Branch offices for the sale i of the " Bradbury " are located as mentioned : ! Brooklyn, 338 Fulton street; Brooklyn, 6G1 and 066 Fulton street; Brooklyn, 1177 and 1179 Ful- ton street; Brooklyn, E. D., 32 Fourth street- Jersey City, 43 Montgomery street ; Washington^ I). C, 1225 Pennsylvania avenue; Chicago, III., 143 Wabash avenue; Saratoga Springs, 452 and 454 Broadway. Tlie Washington establishment is a handsome four-story building erected during the past summer at a cost of $25,000. It is one of the most attractive buildings on Pennsylvania avenue^ having a frontage of over 25 feet by a depth of 200 feet, and furnished in the most complete man- ner throughout. The intention is to make this the Southern headquarters for the sale of the Bradbury piano, supi)lying all agents and dealers throughout the South and Southwest from this point. ' The stock carried is one of the largest south of New York, and a purchaser can surely be ])leased out of the large assortment of the sweet-toned Brad})urys, or if tliey are in want of an organ they can find all .styles of the celebrated palace organ.s, manufactured by the Loring & Blake Organ Company. These instruments are unexcelled in the market for brillianty of tone and handsome carved work. This establishment was founded in 1877, and it has dur- ing the whole of the time been under the manage- nient of Mr. W. P. Van Wickle, who is a native of New York, and a most pleasant gentleman with whom to have business relations. Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company ; Offices, Washington and Baltimore ; Samuel M. Bryan, President and (reneral Manager. — The discovery of conveying articulate sounds by electricity, and the subsequent elaboration of inven- tions which are now included under the general head of telephony, are undeniably among the most remarkable scientific achievements of the present age. A prominent, representative, and progres- sive corporation in Washington and Baltimore, which was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in June, 1883, is that of the Chesa- peake and Potomac Telephone Company. Since its organization, with a capital of $2,650,000, it has built up an extensive and influeptial patronage. The company now employs one hundred and forty- seven assistants, operatives, etc., in Baltimore, I Washington, and Maryland. In Baltimore it has j two thousand seven hundred patrons, in Washing- ton one thousand six hundred, and in Maryland six hundred. The following gentlemen, noted in financial and commercial circles for their business ability, enterprise, and integrity, are the officers and directors, viz.: President and general manager, Samuel M. Bryan ; secretary and treasurer, Charles G. Beebe; auditor, B. H. Warthen; directors, ^Sam- uel M. Bryan, Washington, D. C. ; Wni. II. Forbes, Boston, Mass.; Theo. N. Vail, Boston, Ma.ss.; H. P. Frost, New Haven, Conn.; A. O. Morgan, Boston, Mass. ; H. S. Cunimings, Washington, D. C. ; William Taylor,Baltimore, Md. ; Thomas J. Fisher, Washington, D. C. ; Charles J. Bell, Washington, D. C. The telephone lines of the company are admirably constructed and have no superiors in the United States or Europe. The standing and reliability of the Cliesapeake and Potomac Tele- phone Company in financial circles are too well known to require any comments at our hands, and it justly merits the high reputation to which it has permanently attained. LEADIXG MAXUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 69 Gliiniiip & Co., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods and Notions, Nos. 404'and 406 Seventh Street, N. W.— A review of the mercantile interests of Washington reveals the existence of some really noteworthy concerns in many of tlie chief branches of trade. Especially this is true with regard to the general dry goods line, engaged in which the capital contains several firms of a truly metropolitan character, and among which maybe mentioned that of Guinnip & Co., wholesale and retail dealers in foreign and domestic dry goods, notions, and fancy articles, whose well-ordered and flourishing emporium, lo- cated at Nos. 404 and 406 Seventh street, N. W., is by common consent one of the leading, largest, and best-equipped establishments of the kind in the District of Columbia, as well as one of the most stable and reliable, patrons and purchasers being at all times assured of excellent goods, honorable desll- ing, and prompt and polite attention in this admi- 1 rab'ly conducted and deservedly popular house. | Th§ business was originally established in 1839 by K. H. and A. M. Guinnip, at Watkins, N. Y., whence it was moved to Westtield, in the same State, and subsequently to jNIeadville, Pa., where it was carried on with gratifying prosperity for many vears. Mr. A. M. Guinnip being removed by death here in 1876, the surviving member (the present senior partner) at this period assumed sole •control, which he maintained until 1880, when he associated with him his son, Mr. George Guinnip, under the firm name of Guinnip & Co., and opened at the present location, and the positive and perma- nent success that has attended their eflbrts here from the first abundantly attests the wisdom that in- spired the enterprise as well as the energy and ability displayed in the management of the busi- ness. The premises occupied comprise an entire three-storv and basement building, finely fitted up and completely equipped in every respect, a splen- did display being made, and a varied and vast stock is carried, embracing imported and domestic dress fabrics, el«gant silks, rich shawls, cloaks and wraps, novelties in ladies' wear, ftvncy goods, dress trim- mings, notions, hosiery, gloves, laces, and embroid- eries, undergarments, neckwear, linens, woolens and cottons, corsets, small wares, and a multifarious assortment of everything comprehended in general dry goods, only one price being charged, and that the lowest consistent with first-class value and up- right dealing. From fifty to seventy efficient assist- ants are employed, no pains being spared to render the fullest satisfaction in every instance to custom- ers, and the trade, which is of both wholesale and retail character, is exceedingly large, the total an- nual sales reaching a very handsome figure, and afford evidence of steady and substantial increase. Messrs. Guinnip, who are natives of New York, are both gentlemen of sterling integrity as well of unmistakable push and enterprise, and fully merit the extensive and flourishing patronage they de- servedly enjoy. R. O. Polkinhoru & Son, Book, Job, and Poster Printers, Nos. 632 and 634 D Street.— A leading house in the art of printing in the city of Washington is that of Mr. R.O Polkinhorn &Son. This house was founded in 1850 by Mr. Henry Polkinhorn, the present proprietor succeeding Messrs. Henrv Polkinhorn & Son in 1876. The premises occupied for office and printing purposes comprise two floors 50x70 feet each, being spacious, convenient, handsomely fitted up, and thoroughly equipped with every requisite for the business, including eight steam presses. The proprietor is prepared to execute all kinds of printing in the highest style of the art at short notice and at the lowest prices. The work turned out includes both plain and ornamental printing, book, job, and poster work, cards, programmes, bill-heads, etc., and every job is executed and finished in any desired style or design with skill and perfection. Employment is given to twenty skilled and experienced hands. Mr. Polkinhorn is a native of Washington, a thoroughly experienced master of his trade, and very popular with his host of permanent patrons. Wm. Hunter Myers, Solicitor of Patents, No. 1006 F Street.— The Patent Office of the United States being located at the seat of Govern- ment, Washington has naturally become the lo- cation of many of those who follow the profession of solicitors "of patents, among whom may be mentioned Wm. Plunter Myers, who, after an ex- perience of sixteen years as examiner in the Patent Office, where he served with marked ability up to two years ago, when he retired and established him- self as solicitor of patents at the above address. Considering the practice that Mr. Myers has had during his long term as examiner of patents, it is fair to assume "that any cases intrusted to his care will receive his best attention and skill, for which he has been noted in all his past transactions, and which have gained for him a large and influential clientele all over the United States. _Mr. Myers embraces every branch of this business in his prac- tice, and his specifications, drawings,^ and other papers are works of art and perfect in all their details. His charges are very moderate, consider- ing the skill and knowledge he brings to bear on all cases and the general success which attends his efforts. Mr. Myers was born in Ohio, and came to Washington twenty years ago, where, through his strict, upright, and gentlemanly habits, he has gained the esteem of the community at large. Geors»-e S. Donn, Paperhangings, Ceiling Decorations, Window Shades, etc.. No. 1224 Seventh Street, N. W.— Tlie proprietor of this enterprising house, Mr. George S. Donn, was born in this city, and for a period of thirty-five years has been en- gaged as a practical workman in interior decorative wo'rk. A little over a year ago he started business on his own account and his enterprise has been at- tended by the most marked and encouraging suc- cess. The store has a capacity measuring 20x80 feet, and it is made attractive by a high order of mechanical art and handsome finishing, and the stock of paperhangings, window shades, and other merchandise properly belonging to this business is very full and varied. Seven hands are regularly ' employed, and in the busy season this number is largely augmented. Interior decorative work of every description is promptly and satisfactorily ex- ecuted at most reasonable charges. Designs and estimates are furnished when desired, and the trade in paperhangings, ceiling decorations, window shades, and other decorative materials, which is of both a wholesale and retail character, is widespread, extending throughout the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, etc. 70 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Worinley's Hotel, James Wormley's Sons, Proprietors.— The city of Washington has long been recognized as the centre wiiere hirge capital, practical experience, and boundless enterprise have combined to make its liotels superior to anv in the country. As a contributor to the geierafwelfare of the city and a model establislimcnt of its kind, Wormley's Hotel stands pre-eminent, its name be- ing as familiar as household words in every part of the Union. It was opened to the public in 1871, under the management of Mr. James Wormley, wlio brought to bear a thorough knowledge of all the wants and requirements of the industrv, gained during many years' connection with the 'hotel in- terests of the country. After his death, which event occurred in 1885, he was succeeded by his sons, James T. and < r. S. Wormley, who had grown up in the business, and were well qualified to con- tinue the strong success that their father had achieved. The building is a live-story structure, 92x150 feet in dimensions, and tlie location is di- rectly central to all the departments of tiie Govern- ment, the leading business houses, and points of in- terest and attraction. There are ample accommo- dations for one hundred guests, and the hotel has from the beginning maintained the very highest reputation and enjoyed the confidence and support of the most influential and desirable classes of pa- trons. The oflices and dining-rooms are on the first floor, and the parlors and sleeping apartments take up the remaining space. The halls and corri- dors are wide, spacious, and convenient, the rooms are handsomely furnished in all their appoint- ments, tiie ladies' and gentlemen's parlors are com- fortably equipped, and the offices are arranged in the most convenient and pleasant stvle. The fittings and appointments are, in fact, of the best possible order, absolutely complete, and reflect the utmost credit upon the good judgment of the pro- prietors and the cultivated taste of their customers. The building is supplied with elevators, fire-escapes, electric lights, and annunciators, steam heat, and all the prominent features of city life, whereby the comfort of visitors may be insured. The general dining-room, which will seat seventy-five jiersons, presents a most inviting appearance, and the deco- rations are of the finest and most appropriate char- acter. The cuisine is in charge of chefs of marked ability and national reputation. The Messrs. Wormley secure their table supplies from the most varied sources, all the important markets of the country paying tribute to their enterprise. Thus all the delicacies that can possibly be obtained are served in liberal abundance, while the perfect man- ner in which the viands are prepared and the taste- ful style in which they are set forth make a meal at Wormley's Hotel a most agreeable experience. While there are larger hostelries in Washington than Wormley's, yet there are none which possess such well-tounded claims upon the public favor or which enjoy such a distinct popularity. The pro- priet .rs are untiring in their efforts to'promote the comfort and pleasure of those who share their hos- pitality, and are held in universal esteem both as accomplished exponents of the valuable business in which they are engaged and men of tlie strictest integrity and the highest personal worth. G. E. Kirk, House and Sign Painting, Tint- ing, Calcimining, and (Hazing, No. G19 Louisiana Avenue.— (Jne of the oldest and most experienced members of this branch of trade is the trusted vet- eran, Mr. G. E. Kirk. This gentleman founded his enterprise at Washington forty years ago, and dur- ing the whole of that long period he has enjoyed a patronage both extensive and influential in its character. He occupies a store 20x70 feet in di- mensions, and it is equipped with a fine stock of pamting and decorative materials. A large stafl^ of skilled and competent workmen are employed, and all orders are given the most prompt and careful attention. All grades of painting, frescoing, and paper varnishing and glazing are executed with neatness and dispatch. Specimens of the work ex- ecuted by this concern may be seen at the Widows' Home, Arlington Hotel, Franklin School, and Balti- more and Potomac Depot. Mr. Kirk is a native of this city and a progressive business man. Johnson, Garner & Co., Dry Goods and Carpets, No. 036 Pennsylvania Avenue, South Side. — This house was established in 1841, and has been under the management of the present firm sjnce 1883, succeeding Mr. Towson at that date. The firm have become prominent in the city as exten- sive dealers in dry goods, notions, and fancy goods, ladies' and gents' furnishing goods, carpets, oil- cloths, and mattings. The premises occupied com- prise one of the largest and finest dry goods empo- riums in the city, consisting of a large three-storj building 40x100 feet in dimensions, the interior being superbly fitted up. In the assortment of goods, embracing a wide range of staple and fancy articles of both home and foreign production, will be found silks, satins, velvets, and all the various dress fabrics, linens, white goods domestics, wool- ens, cotton cloths, hosiery, trimmings, embroideries, and edgings, and all the latest novelties in neck- wear and other furnishings for both ladies and gen- tlemen. The members of the firm are always earnest and industrious in their endeavors to meet the demands of their patrons in the most satisfac- tory manner. Ten clerks and salesmen are em- ployed. Prompt attention is given to all orders, and honorable treatment and fair prices are assured! The firm is composed of Messrs. George I. Johnson, T. A. Garner, and J. K. Edmonds, all residents here for many years. Charles H. Raub & Co., Lafayette Mar- ket and Grocery, Northeast corner of Nineteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — This ex- tensive establishment is the largest business house of the kind in this part of the city. The jiremises consist of a building having two floors and a base- ment, each 40x00 feet in dimensions. The business carried on here was founded a half century ago by Samuel Redfern, the management subsequently passing into the hands of Piggies <& Gadsby, next to Piggies & Hopkins, and then to Thomas Piggies. The latter was succeeded three years ago by Mr. Charles H. Paiib. The establishment is fitted up in excellent style and is filled with a heavy stock of plain and fancygroceriesof every description, wines and table luxuries, provisions, fruits, vegetables, and canned goods. Everything is fresh, good, and of standard value, and the goods are sold at the lowest market prices. Four active clerks are em- ployed and a delivery team is kept busy carrying home goods to purchasers. Mr. Raub is a native of the District, and is favorably known throughout the entire community. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 71 Ellis Spear (late Commissioner of Patents), • Solicitor of Patents, Counselor in Patent Causes I No 1003 F Street, N. W., Washington, and iSo. j 411 Olive Street, St. Louis.— One of the most experi- j enced and successful solicitors of patents and coun- selors ill patent causes in the city of Washington is General Ellis Spear, whose office is located at No. | 1003 F street, N. W., in the Equitable building. | Possessing a foundation understanding of the prin- ! ciples of patent law, a complete and thorough I knowledge of the rules and practices governing the administration of the United States Patent Office, | and a lengthened experience as the head of that 1 Bureau of the Government, General Spear may justly j be considered as pre-eminently adapted for success in patent law practice. He is a native of the State 1 of Maine, from which he enlisted at the callfor I troops in 1861, returning with the rank of briga- dier-general, and accepting a position as assistant examiner in the Patent Office. He was successively promoted to principal examiner, member of the Board of Appeals, assistant commissioner, and finally to commissioner of patents, which position he filled with great credit, resigning in 1878 to engage in the practice of his profession. His rec- ord as an official may be said to be a part of the history of the Patent Office during the sixteen years in which he served in connection with that bureau. His reputation has become firmly estab- lished as an able, scientific, and successful solicitor, and a clear-headed, reliable counselor in patent causes. His special attention is given to cases in interference, and to examinations as to the scope and validity of patents, while his practice also re- lates to the preparation and prosecution of appli- [ cations for patents, including the making out of specifications, drawings, caveats, assignments, re- issues, designs, trade-marks, labels, and copyrights; the making of preliminary examinations as to the patentability of an invention, and to every other item of service necessary to complete success of the application up to the time the patent is granted and issued by the office. No attorney is better known at the Patent Office, and none can secure fairer treatment or more prompt consideration of their cases. His papers, filed in the interest of his cli- ents, are models of accuracy, wisdom, and perfect understanding of the case in hand, Avhile the facili- ; ties possessed by him for securing patents are un- I surpassed by any practitioner in the country. Mr. j Spear has an office also in St. Louis, Mo., at No. i 411 Olive street. ' James Fullerton, Attorney and Counselor at Law, No. 519 Seventh Street.— There is not, perhaps, within the entire range of professional life any department or sphere of activity in which ex- perience counts for so much as in law, long and varied practice in the legal profession being an un- failing criterion of popularity and reliability. Especially does this apply with force to the branch devoted to claims and patents and all the complex features kindred thereto, in which become involved technical questions upon which depend vast and important interests, and in this connection special mention should be made of James Fullerton, attorney and counselor at law, solicitor of claims and patents, No. 519 Seventh street, who maintains a position in the front rank in this line in Washing- ton, practicing in all the United States courts, the court of claims and public departments at the seat of Government, and before committees of Congress, and who is by common consent one of the leading, most reliable, and best equipped members of the profes- sion engaged in this particular branch of the busi- ness in the city. Mr. Fullerton devotes close personal attention to all business intrusted to him. Mr Fullerton is well known in Washington City, where he has resided since 1856. He has been engaged since 1865 in the successful prosecution of claims against the Government of the United States, and is thoroughly familiar with all the laws, rules, and regulations necessary to be complied with in their establishment. A great number of just claims have failed for want of the observance of these rules and regulations. Mr. Fullerton will cheerfully communicate information when consulted, and will give prompt and personal attention to all business confided to him. His many clients in all parts of the United States will bear testimony to his zeal and success in their causes, and to the prompt remittance of all collections made by him. All claims against the United States are paid by drafts upon the treasury to the order of the original claimant, and assignments are not recognized unless made after the ascertainment of the amount due and the issuance of a warrant for the exact sum. Fees are moderate and uniform. In many cases no charge whatever is made, unless successful in obtaining the allowance of the claim prosecuted. He attends to patents, trade-marks, prints and labels, reissues, interferences, etc., also to claims of every descrip- tion, and is ably seconded by an efficient and ex- perienced staff of assistants, his clientele extending throughout the entire United States and to Europe, while'^he has successfully carried through cases that had been involved for twenty years, and altogether a large and flourishing business is transacted. Mr. Fullerton is a gentleman of the highest personal integrity as well as unquestionable professional skill and ability in his line. Baxter & MacGowan, Real Estate, Loans, Legal Business, Walter Building, Nos. 1008 and 1010 F Street.— Of those engaged in the real estate and law business at the capital there are no gen- tlemen having a wider popularity than Mr. U. J - Baxter and Mr. C. M. MacGowan, who conduct business under the firm name of Baxter & Mac- Gowan. Particular attention is given to the pur- chase and sale of real estate and negotiating loans on bond or mortgage, and also attending to legal affairs, land, mining law, patents, and all classes of department business. Mr. U. J. Baxter, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Vermont, but long a resident of Michigan. He has resided in Washington for more than twenty years, and is pro- minently identified with legal affairs at the capital. He is a graduate of the Columbian University Law School, and has had an experience extending over twenty years in the legal profession, particularly in land cases, having been chief law clerk and act- , ing assistant attorney-general. Department of the Interior; formerly chief of division, law^ clerk, ! chief clerk, and acting commissioner of General i Land Office, also for some time in the Treasury Department; is a member of the District bar and ' of the bar of the Supreme Court of the I nited States Mr. C. M. MacGowan is a Baltimorean by birth, and deservedly popular with all who have business relations with his firm. The services of these gentlemen are always in demand. CITY OF WASHINGTON. E. Gr. Wheeler, Contractor for Railroad and Steamboat Supplies, General Hardware, Blocks, Rope, Metals, Tools, etc., No. 201 Seventh Street, ^^- W. — The handling of railroad and steam- boat supplies, general hardware, and kindred arti- cles constitutes a branch of mercantile activity of extensive proportions in every important centre of trade and industry, as it is scarcely necessary to state. Engaged in tliis line Wiishiiigton contains some excellent and noteworthy liouses, among which may be mentioned the stable and reliable establishment of Mr. E. (1. Wheeler, contractor for general supplies and wliolesale and retail dealer in hardware of all kinds, mechanics' tools, ropes, blocks, metals, etc., located at No. 201 Seventh street, N. W., which has maintained an unbroken record of prosperity ever since the inception of the business an odd Cjuarter of a century ago. Eeing conducted on fixed business principles and its man- agement characterized by energy, sagacity, and ju- dicious enterpi-ise, coupled with upright and honor- able dealing, it is only in the nature of things that Mr. Wheeler should have attained tlie full measure of success that invariably attends energy and abil- ity well directed. The premises occupied comprise an entire three-story 2oxl00-foot building and a two-story brick warehouse in the rear, and a heavy and A 1 stock is carried, including builders', house- hold, and manufacturers' hardware, railroad and steamboat supplies, ropes, blocks, metals, oils, grease, paints, mechanics' tools, farm and garden iraple- pients, tin and sheet-iron ware, and a multifarious assortment of useful appliances, devices, and house- keeping articles, while some half a dozen capable and efficient clerks attend to the wants of patrons and purchasers. The trade, which is of both a wholesale and retail character, extends throughout the District of Columbia, ^'irginia, Maryland, and adjacent States, and is exceedingly large, the annual transactions reaching a very handsome figure. Mr. Wlieeler, who is a native of Baltimore, but a resi- dent of Washington since 1855, is a gentleman of sterling integrity as well as a man of push and en- terj)rise. Ele is a |)opular and prominent member of the (Md Fellows and otiier benevolent and pro- gressive orders and associations, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of his fraternal associates. Wash. B. WilliaiiLS, Dealer in Fashionable Furniture, Carpets, and Upholstery Goods, Nos 317 and 319 Seventh Street, N. W., Nos. 633 and 635 Louisiana Avenue, and Nos. 632 and 634 D Street.— The furniture trade of Washington like every other staple branch of commerce' comprises every class of dealer with correspondinf^ ratios of value and excellence. As in everything else, so in furniture, it always pays to get the best. An establishment which stands in the van of the choicest line of the furniture trade is that of Mr. Wash. B. Williams. Tliis enterprise was founded in 1855 by the present proprietor, who from the outset made it his aim to keep none but the best and most artistic goods. He met with a most grati- fying response from an appreciative public, and has built up one of the largest and most representative businesses of the kind in the citv. The establisli- ment comprises four buildings, ranging from three to four stories high, and measuring on an aver- age 40x200 feet. These buildings are entered at Nos. 317 and 319 Seventh street, N. W., and Nos. 633 and 635 Louisiana avenue, and Nos. 632 and 634 D street. The D street entrances open into the main salesroom.s, and the entire concern covers a larger area than any other furniture establishment in the city. The stock, too, is one of the freshest and most elegant, as it is also the most extensive in Its line in the city, and it comprises every stvle of furniture, bedding, lace curtains, window shades, in- terior decorations, upholstery hardware, portieres, refrigerators, loose covers, rugs, Turcomans, oil- cloths, matting, wire mattresses, hair mattresses, wire window screens, mosquito canopies, baby carriages, etc. In this vast stock Mr. Williams has manifested' an intimate knowledge of the wants ofthe public, and has kept most thoroughly up to the demands made upon his liouse. All of the newest designs in par- lor, chamber, dining-room, and kitchen furniture are included in his stock ; his parlor sets ai-e obtainable in all the freshest styles of upholstery ; his carpets include the choicest patterns from the most cele- brated foreign and domestic looms ; his oil-cloths, etc., are of original and pretty designs, and these and all other goods in stock are quoted at astonish- ingly_ low prices. Fifty-two hands are employed, and six delivery wagons are employed in the busi- ness, and the patronage of the houseincludesmany of tlie leading families of the city, of Maryland, and Virginia. Mr. Williams is a native of Mary- land, and he enjoys a high reputation in the coiii- nuinity for his extreme rectitude and strict integ- rity. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. (3 Stevens, Lawrence & Co., Keal Estate 1 and Insurance, Marvin Fire and Burglar-Proof, Safes, No. 133-t F Street, N. W.-Dunng the com- paratively short career of this house it has tulhlleci most useful and important functions in its special lines of enterprise, and has gained its reputation as an efficient and valuable business factor by well- directed energy and constant and careful regard for the interests of its patrons. • It was foimded in the summer of 1885 by Messrs. Stevens & Lawrence,^ as real estate and insurance dealers, in connection witii the general agency of tlie celebrated Marvin tire and burglar-proof safes. In the autumn of 1885 the firm of Stevens, Lawrence & Co. was or- ganized since wliich time the business has been conducted in its present three-fold character. The store occupied, which is 1 cated at No. l.^o4 1^ street, is 30x150 feet in dimensions, a,nd conveni- , ently arranged throughout for the disposition of safes, of which they carry a large and complete i stock, embracing all styles and sizes. _ Tliese sates have no superior in the world and are in use every- 1 where. Orders are promptly filled, and the lowest prices are invariably quoted. In the real estate de- partment Messrs. Stevens, Lawrence & Co. have already built up a flourishing and growing trade. They are recognized as authority upon the values of both residential and business property in the city and suburbs, and number among their perma- nent patrons many of our most prominent men. The firm have descriptions of many choice and de- sirable pieces of property, to which they invite the attention of capitalists and investors, and they are prepared to offer remarkable bargains to those de- siring to phice their money in sucli channels. Every branch of the real estate business is prose- cuted bv this house, including selling, buying, and exchanging, the renting of properties and the col- lection of rents, the negotiating of h.ans uponbond and mortgage, the making of repairs in a judicious and economical manner, and all other matters that legitimately pertain to the industry. Insurance is effected at the lowest premium rates in sound com- panies, and a prompt adjustment of losses is guar- anteed. The firm are agents for the following re- liable and substantial insurance corporations, viz.: The Williamsburg Citv Fire, of New York ; the Pennsylvania Fire, of Philadelphia; the American, of Newark, N. J.; the Milwaukee, and the Metro- politan Plate-Glass, of New York. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. A. C. Stevens, J. 8. Lawrence, and G. F. Stevens, progressive and public-spirited citizens, giving a hearty support to all measures calculated to advance the material in- terests of the city. G-eo. T. Keen, Merchant Tailor, No. 414 Ninth Street. — The number and elegance of the merchant tailoring establishments in Washington is at once an evidence of the fastidious taste of its inhabi- tants. Among these establishments that are well known and popular in the community is that of Mr. George T. Keen, who has the reputationof being one of the most skillful, correct, and stylish fash- ioners of gentlemen's wearing apparel in the city. Mr. Keen cuts strictly on scientific principles, al- ways meeting with success in pleasing his patrons. A full line of imported and domestic fabrics is al- ways to be found upon his counters, and as he is alwavs one among the first to introduce the new .stvles and fashions as soon as brought out, he re- ceives a large patronage. He is the inventor and patentee of Keen's patent straps, which are pro- nounced the best contrivance yet introduced for keeping gentlemen's trowsers in place. Mr. Keen's store is 2GxllO feet in size, and is noted for the neat and tasteful manner it is arranged. He em- ploys about sixty skilled tailors, and is doing a large business derived from among the leading citizens. Mr. Keen was born in Harford county, Md. He has resided in the District since 1861, and in busi- ness since 1805, where he has always been popular as a useful member of the community, and is a mem- ber in high degree in the Masonic order. C. H. Parker, Keal Estate Agent, No. 444 Four and-a-half Street, S. W.— For the past ten years Mr. C. H. Parker has filled a conspicuous position in the business circles of the capital, and at the present writing is a recognized leader in his line of business in the city. Mr. Parker was born in Pennsylvania, and he has resided in Washington since 1863, He occupies a handsomely furnished office, 25x40 feet in dimensions. Mr. Parker con- ducts a general real estate and insurance business, and he bnvs, sells, leases, and exchanges properties of all kinds in the city and country, negotiates loans, coUectr, rents, takes entire management of es- tates of absentee owners, effects bonds and mortgages, prepares convevance deeds, and effects insurance of titles, searches titles, etc., and his rates of commis- sion are always reasonable, while in his engage- ments he is uniformly prompt, reliable, and, above all, responsible. Mr. Parker has at all times on his books many desirable properties for sale and also to let, and his lists will repay inspection by persons in want of profitable investments or in need of stores, dwellings, etc., at suitable rents. lusunynces are effected in all the leading and substantial insurance companies on all kinds of insurable property at the lowest rates compatible with security. Mr. Parker enjoys the universal confidence of all with whom he has been brought into business relations. Anderson & Moore, Printers, Nos. 1010 and 1012 Pennsylvania Avenue.— Among the leading representative printers in Washington are Messrs. Anderson & Moore, Avho established their enterprise at the present location in 1884, and who have already built up a trade of large and valuable proportions. They occupy spacious quarters at Nos. 1010 and 1012 Pennsylvania avenue, which is arranged throughout in the most systematic and convenient manner, and provided with an abundant outfit of the latest and most improved machinery, devices, and other accessories that can be used to advantage. The firm are prepared to execute all kinds of composition and press-work, but make a specialty of fine jobbing, having all the means at hand for turning out work of the most artistic and intricate character. Circulars, prices-current, cata- logues, bill-heads, business cards, etc., are printed in the best stvle of the typographic art, and all orders meet with" the promptest fulfillment at the lowest prices. Tlie members of the firm are Messrs. John W. Anderson and Willis L. Moore, both practical and experienced men. They give employment to ! fully twenty ex])ert hands, and all work confided to i them mav be relied ui)on to be turned out in every ! case in tlie best manner. Mr. Anderson is a native I of Washington, and Mr. Moore was born in New York. 74 1 CITY OF WASHIiYGTON. Ellery C. Ford, Attomey-at-Law, Xo. 23 Le Droit Building.— In procurinj^ patents for mineral and other huid.s of tlie United Stutes Government the services of an experienced attorney before the General Land ( )ffice at Washington are of inesti- mable service and may rightly be considered as absolutely essential to a successful prosecution of an application and tlie pushing of a claiuj. In this connection we would refer our readers to Colonel Ellery C. Ford, tiie late chief of the miueral di- vision in tlie General Land Office, who is now established in this city as an attorney-ai-law, with an office at No. 23 Le Droit Building. Posi-ofiice address, box 416. Colonel Ford established himself here in 1S78 and pays special ateention to all mat- ters relating to mines and mineral lands before the General Land OlBce and Department of the Inte- rior. With an experience of nine years in the Land Office, six years of which he was in charge of the mineral division in that office, he is well adapted for the successful prosecution of such cases and for readily procuring patents for mineral and other lands on all applications and contests placed in his hands. He is known to be an indefatigable worker in the interests of his clients, well and favorably known in the Land Office and other bureaus of the Interior Department, and always being able to secure prompt and fair treatment of all cases presented by him. He has already estab- lished a large and influential patronage throughout the entire United Wtates. Colonel Ford is a native of Cleveland, Ohio, and enlisted early in the war •in the Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being mus- tered out asa brevet brigadier-general, havingserved with gallantry and distinction throughout the war ' most of the time in the Army of the Potomac. He is strongly recommended by .Senator Teller, of Colorado; Senator Plumb, of Kansas; Senator Jones, of Nevada; Congressman Symes, and ex- Ck)ngressman Belford, of Colorado; ex-Delegate Maginnis of Montana ; Hon. A. P. K, Safford, of Arizona; Hon. George Ainsley and Hon. John Hailey, of Idaho ; Hon. H. F. Page, of California, and other distinguished men. T^ ; '^■' I^"Il»«''i»i» Photographic Artist and Dealer in Photographic Materials, No. 935 Penn- sylvania Avenue.— For first-class work in photog- raphy and for photographic supplies of a high order the house of Mr. E. J. Pullman has been long and wi^dely known. This enterprise was founded in 1867 by the present proprietor, who was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., was raised in Erie county. Pa and came to reside in the District of Columbia in 1^64. To-day he is the oldest dealer in photo- graphic materials in the city of Washington, and a specialty is made of furnishing amateur outfits. Mr. lullman is the agent for Anthony- s Photo- gmphic Bulletin, The Photo. Times, and the Philo- Pholof/raphlc, and all photo, publications The premises :>ccupied for the business consist of two floors, each 25x80 feet in dimensions, and these are very handsomely fitted up and stocked with a variety of photographic materials, tlie enumeration 01 which would occupy more time and space than we have at command. Suffice it to sav, that pho- tographers will find here evervthing" needed in their profession, and this at a price which cannot be excelled, while amateurs will meet with the finest assortment of apparatus for their use. Pho- tographs of residences, machinerv, etc., are taken at short notice, five skilled operatives being employed ''I?*Cv u -^^ variety of photographs, portraits, viewa ot \\ ashington, Mt. Vernon, and places of interest I IS always kept on hand. 1 Dulauy & Whiting:, Real Estate and Insur- ance, ho. 1320 F Street, N. W.-No feature of financial investment in any progressive communitv offers more certain or substantial returns for either small or large sums of capital than real estate Among the leading and most reliable firms engaged' in re^il estate and insurance transactions in thfs citv can be named that of Dulany & Whiting, whose spacious and handsome oflices are located at No 1320 I street, N. W., and who, although a com- paratively young firm, have already attained a standing and a measure of prosperity enjoyed bv but few, numbering among their extensive clientele many of the wealthy and prominent citizens of the District. This flourishing business was established three years ago, and from its inception the firm ha& maintained a record of steady progress, their con- nections now being of a most gratifving character, i hey transact a general line of business, buying selling, and exchanging city and country property houses, farms, lots, etc , attending to letting and the collection of rents, special facilities being at hand for the sale or lease of farm lands and unimproved property. Loans are negotiated on bond and mortgage, and estates managed, while insurance on property or life is placed with first-class companies. Ihe copartnership consists of Messrs. H. Grafton Dulany, Jr., H. R. Dulany, and G. Fairfax Whit- ing (the latter a graduate of the University of New i ork as an M. D. ), all natives of Virginia. They are young men of the highest personal integrity as well as energy and ability. Bell Tea and Coffee Company, Import- ers and Retailers of Pure Teas, Coffees, and Spices No. 824 Seventh Street, N. W.— The extent of the tea and coffee business as now conducted in this country is far beyond the comprehension of any save those who are directly and intimately con- nected with the interest. The Bell Tea and CofTee Company is the successor of the Union, which j was founded some thirty years ago by Messrs. I A. A. Lowe & Co. for the importation of teas and coffees and spices direct from the sources of production, and their distribution to the public at retail at the lowest possible prices, and was suc- ceeded by the Bell Tea and Coffee Company. Their headquarters at Nos. 31, 33, and 35 Burlmg slip, NewYork, is a busy scene of industrv, the company sending out from tliere supplies to their numerous stores located in most of the leading cities of the country. Their Washington establishment at No 824 Seventh street, N. W., was founded a little over a year ago, and it has since built up a very extensive and growing trade. The concern is under the management of Messrs. Eichelberger & Solo- mon, who are the present proprietors, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Washing- ton. The store has a capacity of 25x100 feet, is finely fitted up, and is heavily stocked with a full assortment of the finest brands of teas, coffees, and spices, in wliicli a large wholesale and retail busi- ness is done and all goods are bought from first hands. The house is deserving of the success achieved and is a desirable one with which to form business relations. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. C. V. Fuller, Manufacturer of Cider and Vinegar, Factory, No. 611 Seventh Street, N. W. — The above is a leading and representative house in a line of industry that has acquired con- siderable value and importance in this city, owing largely to her peculiarly favorable situation for the collection of supplies, and the shipment of finished goods to the various points of demand. The con- cern, although of comparatively recent origin, hav- ing been founded in 1881, has built up a large, first-class, and permanent trade at both wholesale and retail, and makes frequent and heavy ship- ments of cider and vinegar to all parts of Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The pro- prietor, Mr. C. V. Fuller, has had a wide and valuable experience, is thoroughly conversant with all the details and requirements of the business, and has secured an enviable reputation for the purity and standard quality of his productions. The factory, which is located at No. 611 Seventh street, N. W., is provided with an abundant outfit of the latest and most improved appliances that can be advantageously used, and aftbrds employment for a number of skilled hands, whose duties are per- formed under judicious supervision. Mr. Fuller confines his operations to the manufacture of cider and vinegar, for which purpose the choicest stock is utilized, and the various processes so intelligently and thoroughly manipulated that the best possible results are always obtained. The goods are ab«o- lutely nure and in active and increasing demand amo'"g dealers and consumers in the territory before i^^ntioned. The vinegar is in high favor with housekeepers for table use, and is generally pre- ferred by picklers, who consume large quantities, and find its effects of the most satisfactory character. The cider is made in plain view of spectators, and is , niversally conceded to be one of the most delicious ana "holesome beverages. A full stock is kept constantly on hand and all orders are promptly filled at the lowest prices that can be legitimately afforded. Mr. Fuller is a native of New York and has resided here for the last five years. His honora- ble and liberal dealing fully entitle him to the large measure of confidence and patronage he enjoys in the trade, and the enterprise with which he culti- vates his field of business brings him steadily increasing success. Knight Brother.s, Attorneys and E.icperts in Patent Cases, United States and Foreign Patents Procured, No. 633 F Street. — With an experience of over forty years as solicitors of patents, the firm of Messrs. Knight Brothers, No. 633 F street, are enabled to oflfer the best possible facilities to ail desiring to procure strong and valid letters patent or requiring investigations in connection therewith. By constant attention to pending cases a larger proportion of applications have, it is believed, been brought to a speedy and successful issue by this agency than by any other doing as large an amount of business in the country. The business was founded in ] 843 in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Mr. Geo. H. Knight, the present senior member o^ the fir^n. In 1856 Mr. Octavius and later Mr. Sam"el Knijrht were admitted to partnership, forming the name and style of the present firm. Since then four sons have become members, (reors-e Harris Knight beins: admitted in 1877, Herbert Knight in 1882, Harrv E. Knight in 1886, and Walter H. Knight at the beginning of 1887. The firm operate five distinct offices as attorneys and experts in patent cases for the procurement of both American and foreign patents, at the following points, viz. : Cincinnati, Washington, St. Louis, New York, and Boston. The founder of the business remains as manager at Cincinnati. Mr. Octavius Knight has long been the popular superintendent of the office in Washington, and now has the competent assistance of Mr. Harry E. Knight, Mr. Samuel Knight operating for many years the St. Louis branch, aided now by Mr. George Harris Knight. Mr. Herbert Knight is in charge of the interests of the firm at No. 234 Broadway^ New Y'^ork, while Mr. Walter H. Knight is man- ager of the Boston office. No. 20 Niles Block. The firm also have agencies in Ottawa, London, Paris, Brussels, Bv>rlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, Madrid, Lisbon, Turin, Rio de Janeiro, and other foreign, capitals. Their practice before the United States Patent Office includes the preparation of specifica- tions and drawings, the making out of caveats, assignments, reissues, designs, and cases in inter- ference, tlie securing of the registration of trade- marks and labels, the making of preliminary exam- inations as to the patentability of an invention, making searches in the records of the office, and every other item of service necessary to the success- ful prosecution of the inventor's application up to the lime the patent is granted and issued by the office. The record of this firm as attorneys before the Patent Office is a part of the history of that bureau. In applying for a patent the following: instructions are furnished inventors by Messrs. Knight Brothers, viz.: "Send us a drawing, niodel, or specimen of the invention, with a full explana- tion of parts claimed as new, and the amount of first government fee, which, in all cases except de- sign applications, is fifteen dollars. All advantages over similar devices should be set forth as far as known. The drawings and specifications will then be prepared, and the necessary documents will be sent to the inventor for his inspection, signature, and affidavit, with full instructions, at which time our agency fee will be called for. This will be from twenty-live dollars upward, according to labor in- volved, and will always be made as moderate as possible consistent with good work. A drawing is- always required in cases where the invention ad- mits of such representation, for which an additional charge of five dollars for each full sheet will be made. Upon return of the papers with fee the ap- plication is filed in the Patent Office, where it re- ceives our careful and assiduous attention to remove any difhculties which may be encountered, as it i& in this that the chief labor of the attorney is in- volved. When allowed, the final government fee of twenty dollars is called for, upon payment of which the patent is issued. This fee may be paid any time within six months from the date of allow- ance, but it is desirable not to delay it unless foreign patents be desired. The law in some foreign coun- tries requires the filing of an application before the issue of a United States patent." The manager of the "Washington house, Mr. Octavius Knight, is one of the best-known men in his profession in the city. He is an industrious, careful, and painstaking attor- nev, a wise and reliable counselor, and an accepted authority as an expert in patent cases. He, to- gether with his brothers, Messrs. Geo. H. and Samuel Knight, were born in England, while the remaining members of the firm are natives of Ohio. 76 CITY OF WASHINGTON. C. F. Wilkins & Co., Produce ('omraission Merchants, Nos. 921 Louisiana Avenue and 924 C Street, N. W. — As a factor in commercial activity, the firm- produce butter and cheese, and their kindred interests stand second to none in im- portance in tlie United States to-day. The trans- actions in tliese products tlirough tlie medium of the commission liouse reach vastmagnitudeannually, and constitute one of tlie most extensive branches of trade in tlie country. Among the leading and best I known firms engaged in this line in Wasliington I may be named that of C. F. Wilkins & Co., produce j commission merchants, Nos. 921 Louisiana avenue 'and 924 C street, N. W. (between Ninth and Tentii streets), which since its inception in 1871 has maintained a deservedly high standing, as well as prominent j^osition in the trade, being by com- mon consent one of the most staple and reliable concerns of the kind in the city, while the connec- tions of the bouse are of a most substantial and gratifying cliaracter, affording evidence of steady and material increase year after year. It is con- ducted on sound business principles and its manage- ment characterized by foresight and untiring atten- tion to the interests of those placing consignments in their care. They handle general country pro- duce, butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables, fruits, hay, feed, oats, corn, calves, sheep, and cattle on commission exclusively, receiving consignments from all parts of the South and West (transactions in livestock being by carloads), and find market for their goods in the District of Columbia and vicinity entirely. The premises occupied comprise an entire three- story 25xl00-foot building, and a heavy and A 1 stock is constantly carried on hand, a special feature being made of prompt returns at the most favorable current quotations. The firm is composed of Messrs. C. F. Wilkins and B. E. Hendrickson, natives of New Jersey, and residents here about fifteen years. They are both men of push and thorough business ability, and sustain an excellent reputation in commercial life. A. Li. Hazelton,Shoe Store, No. 423 Seventh Street. — One of the oldest and most respected busi- ness men in the city of Washington is Mr. A. L. Hazelton, tlie well-known proprietor of the shoe store at No. 423 Seventh street, under Odd Fellows' I Hall. He was born in Vermont in 1807, receiving his education in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., where he settled, and in 1844 and 1845 was elected to the } Assembly. He came to Wasliington in 1847, left in 1849, and returned again in 1853, and was in the Treasury Department for sixteen years. In 18t!9 he became a partner with Mr. Geo. B. Wilson in the shoe business under the firni name of (ieo. B. Wilson 8i Co., and iu 1872 he assumed the sole control. He has one of the finest and most popu- lar shoe stores in the city 25x100 feet in dimen- sions, situated in the business heart of the town, | and stocked at all times with a splendid assortment of boots, shoes, gaiters, and rubbers, for men, women, misses, youths, boys, and children. The amplitude of the stock which is liere displaved embracing all the popular makes known to the tra^'e, ranks the liouse among the largest in the city. A leading specialty is made of E. C Burt h Co.'s ladies' fine shoes, which are everywhere regarded as the per- fection of stylf^, quality, and workmanship. The \ connections of tlie house witn manufacturers en- ables the proprietor to secure his supplies at the most advantageous rates and to sell them at prices which are safe from successful competition. Five clerks and salesmen contribute to the satisfactory operations of the affairs of the house, and the trade is brisk and lively at all seasons. Long-ley & Wolston, Real Estate Agents, McGowan Building, No. 629 F Street, N. W.— Al- though a comparatively new firm, as such, having been established on September 1st, 188(>. Longley & Wolston, real estate agents, have already attained a degree of preminence and secured a hold on jiublic favor and confidence enjoyed by only few of the older firms engaged in this line in the city. Prior to embarking in their fiourishing enterprise Mr. Longley had held a position in the Agricultural Department here for some twenty -one years, Avliich he resigned to devote his attention to the present business, while Mr. Wolston has had twenty odd years' experience in real estate transactions. Being thus admirably equipped, and, withal, men of en- ergy and excellent business ability, it is only in the nature of things that they should have achieved the gratifying success they enjoy. They transact a general real estate business, buying, selling, and ex- changing houses, farms, building lots,and other fea- tures of realty, attending to the collection of rents and letting of houses, and loans are negotiated on bond and mortgage, being accounted as among the best judges of the present and prospective value of both city and country property, improved and unim- proved alike, in Washington. They also place in- surance life and property risks with first class com- ])anies. The copartnership consists of Messrs. A. T. Longley and J. R. Wolston, natives, respectively, of Massachusetts and Maine, both men of energy and judicious enterprise. Mr. Wolston enjoys a creditable war record, having served in the Third Maine Volunteer Infantry, (-"o. A, from 1861 to 1865, and is a popular and prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, being Junior Vice Department Commander of the Union Vet- erans of the District of Columbia. J. S. Redman, General Commission Mer- chant, No. 924 Louisiana Avenue. — An industry of such importance as that conducted by Mr. J. S. Redman has so large a bearing upon the trade of this city as to demand more than ordinary consid- eration. The liouse was founded by the present proprietor fourteen years ago. The business con- nections of the house, both with producers and dealers, are of the most advantageous character, en- abling it to place consignments of farm products of all kinds, however large, without delay, thus aftord- ing to consignors prompt and satisfactory returns. Mr. Redman handles, at wholesale, tlie best brands of butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables, and farm products generally, and, when desired, he makes liberal ad- vances on consignments of all such products. He is daily iu receipt of consignments by the t-ir- load from all parts of the West, Maryland, ii'i^I Virginia, and his distributing trade extends over ^ wide area. His business premises are spacious and commodious, andtlicv comprise athree-storv build- ing 20x100 feet in dimensions and equipped with all necessarv appliances and conveniences for promptly filling all orders. Mr. Redman is a native of Maryland, is one of the most pleasing and socia- ble of men and has a large circle of acquaintances and extensive correspondence. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. William E. Spalding & Co., Painting Es- tablislunent, No. 1224 Pennsylvania Avenue.— The house of Messrs. William E. Spalding & Co. is the leading representative of the painting industry of Washington, and has been prominently identified with the j>rogress of that important interest for more than half a century. This old and reputable establishment was founded in 1836 by Messrs. Parker & Spalding, who conducted its affairs until 1870, when they were succeeded by Messrs. Callahan & Spalding. They in turn gave way to Messrs. Spalding & Son in 1872, and two years later, in 1874, the accession of the present firm took place. Throughout its career the concern has prosecuted a flourishing business, and the volume of its transactions is well illustrated in the fact that it has carried to satisfactory completion three- fourths of all the fine work in the District. The firm combine long and ri[)e experience with stu- dious and intelligent application. Estimates are furnished and contracts entered into for painting of every description, the work being done in exact accordance with the terms of agreement and to the entire satisfaction of customers. Messrs. Sfjalding & Co. refer to a large number of builders and architects under whose supervision they have worked and whose names will be cheerfully given when desired. Many of the most prominent and elegant public buildings and private dwellings in the city bear eloquent testimony to the finished character of their services. Employment is given to from seventy to eighty hands. We can recom- mend the firm as being prompt, thorough, and re- liable, while the prices which they quote are in moderation, such as might be expected from a con- cern whose facilities and resources are so abundant and complete. Tiie premises occupied are located at No. 1224 Pennsylvania avenue, comprising a two-story building 20x80 feet in dimensions. Re- sponsible and progressive, enterprising and ener- getic, Messrs. W. E. Spalding & Co. will continue to hold the high position which they gained in the early years of the city's history, and in which no rivalry has since disturbed them. R. W. Henderson & Co., Imported and American Wall Papers, No. 1113 F Street, N. W. — Not the least important branch of industry in the city of Washington is that of the dealer in wall papers and kindred goods. One of the most extensive and popular establishments in this line of trade is that of Messrs. R. W. Henderson & Co., located at No. 1113 F street, N. W. This house was established in 1881, and quickly took front rank among the more important sources of supply in this line of enterprise. The premises occupied by the business comprise a large and attractive store, with basement, 25x100 feet each, where a stock of imported and American wall papers is constantly carried, together with all the newest styles of window shades and trimmings, gilt picture rods, cords, and other articles pertaining to the business. In hangings and shades better taste is prevailing and greater care is taken by dealers in these goods to suit the requirements of patrons. Washington is not inferior to other cities in respect to the taste displayed, and no house in the business could well be surrounded by more favora- ble conditions than tho>e prevailing here. No one can inspect such a stock of materials and manu- factured goods as that carried by Messis. Hender- son & Co. without*admiring the artistic designs and beautiful combinations of colors there exhibited. Art in wall papers and interior decorations is as surely present to-day as it ever was in the decora- tions of ancient Athens. The prices which prevail are invariably fair and equitable. Mr. Henderson is a native of the District, a member of the Wash- ington Wall Paper Dealers' Association, and a business man of enterprise, ability, and strict integrity. McGrew & Small, Attorneys and Counselors- at-Law, Patents, Pensions, Claims, Room 27 Pacific Building, No. 623 F Street, N. W.— Among the lead- ing and most reliable law firms engaged in patent practice and the })rosecution of Government claims in Washington may be named that of Messrs. Mc- Grew & Small, attorneys and counselors-at-law. They make a specialty of patents, pensions, and claims and practice before the Supreme Court, District of Columbia, the Coiu't of Claims, and the Executive Department of the General Gov- ernment, special attention being given to the business of po.stmasters. United States attorneys, United States commissioners, clerks, marshals, in- ternal revenue collectors, pension agents, army and navy officers, Indian agents, registers and receivers of laud offices, surveyors, and collectors of customs, railroad and steamboat companies, mail contractors, and national banks. Prior to estab- lishing this firm some three years ago Messrs. J. M. McGrew and William Small had held the position of auditor and inspector in the Post-office Depart- ment, respectively, for seventeen and ten years, and Mr. McGrew has had an experience in this line since 1862, while Mr. Small's experience covers a period of nearly eighteen years. Being thus com- pletely equipped with the knowledge of the rules and technicalities of procedure in all features and phases of their practice and thoroughly conversant with every detail of their business, to which they devote close personal attention, it is only in the nature of things that they should have achieved the positive success that has attended their eflxjrts in their present enterprise. They handle United States and foreign patent cases, attending to re- issues, appeals, interferences, assignments, etc., also pension and claim cases, their clientele extending all over this country and Europe. lyf. T. Haller, Architect, No. 931 F Street, N. W. — Located at the capital of the nation there are a number of architects, notably among whom is Mr. N. T. Haller, who has for the past eight years been identified with the improvements and build- ings that have been going on since that time, and has erected many dwellings, prominent among which are the handsome row at the corner of P and Q streets, the D. H. Windsor and the Foster resi- dences, the Alexander building, etc; also, C. E- Foster's row, corner of Nineteenth and R streets, N. W., and G. S. Reed's residence. Eleventh street, N. W. Mr. Haller, who is a native of Frederick county, Md., has resided in this city about fifteen years. He is a careful architect, and in the build- ings erected by liim combines beauty wiih elegance in all his plans. He furnishes estimates to all who intend building, and is thoroughly proficient and a talented member of his profession, whose ambition is to excel, and will be found courteous and prompt and agreeable to all who engage his services. 78 CITY OF WASHINGTON. The National Union, of NVashington,D. C, Home Office, No. 9"Jl F Street, N. \V.— Life insur- ance has become one of the greatest, as well as one of the most important, branches of business in the civilized world. The all-important question, how- ever, is — where, in what company, and on what system can a person secure the safest and cheapest insurance? Tiie co-operative system has been tried for centuries with the most encouraging results, and has afforded more substantial relief to the members than any other system of insurance. The question of popular life insurance is one which deeply inter- ests hundreds of thousands of people all over the country. The want has, in a great measure, been met by innumerable benefit and aid associations ; and facts and figures go to show that they have been of the greatest advantage to their benefici- aries. Statistics show that only three men out of a hundred succeed in life, financially, and that the other ninety -seven either die poor or leave an es- tate too small to be of any special benefit to their families. Therefore, all the money distributed by life-insurance organizations become an insurance against pauperism, receiving charity, and all the disadvantages and evils incident to poverty. It often gives the helpless and penniless widows the means to clothe and educate their children and to fit them for future \isefulness. In thousands of in- stances life-insurance money has formed the basis for an education and a successful business career. In this connection special mention should be made of that excellent and flourishing institution in this city, the admirably conducted " National Union," home office, No. 921 F street, N.W., which is in all respects one of the most popular and reliable ex- ponciits of progressive insurance in this section of the country to-day, keeping pace with the spirit of the times by presenting to the public a short matu- rity plan of such amounts as will accommodate all. The Union is founded on the general principle that the insured must pay for the insurance, and the as- sociation which can, by efficient, honest, and eco- nomical management, reduce expenses to the lowest possible point, and furnish safe and reliable insur- ance, will secure the confidence and co-operation of the people who want protection; and the Na- tional Union has come the nearest to doing this, and is, therefore, deserving the confidence and pat- ronage of the public. No other plan of protection is as simple, safe, and equitable as this. Insurance heretofore has only been for those who could afford to pay large periodical ])ayments, and those who needed it the most had it the least, as they could not afford such large payments. The National Union gives insurance that can be depended upon at so cheap a rate that none need be without it. The surplus of the death assessment is placed with the maturity fund, to l)e used in paying certificates as they become due, and such maturity assessments will be made after the first year as may be neces- sary to complete the payment of maturing certifi- cates. Certificates of membership are issued to men, women, or children of any age, without a medical examination, entitling them to a benefit of from one hundred to one thousand dollars, in three or five years, if they live that long, or one-tenth of that amount for each comi)lete(l year of mem- bership in case of death. This jilan of giving the full benefit at a fixed time and providing for death also is entirely new, being a short term endowment, and is exceedingly popular. SCHEnULE. Amount Death Entrance Monthly Death Class. of Benelits. Fee. Dues. Assess- Certificate. ment. One .... $100 00 $10 00 S2 00 8 50 « 50 Two .... 200 00 20 00 2 00 75 75 / Tliree . . . 300 00 30 00 2 00 1 00 1 00 Four ... 400 00 40 00 2 50 1 00 1 00 Five .... 500 00 50 00 3 00 1 25 1 25 Six .... 600 00 60 00 3 25 1 50 1 50 Seven ... 700 00 70 00 3 50 1 75 1 75 Eight ... 800 00 80 00 4 00 2 00 2 00 Nine ... 900 00 '.lO 00 4 .50 2 25 2 25 Ten .... 1,01.0 00 100 00 5 00 2 50 2 50 The National Union was duly incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia, May 5th, 1S85, and its career from the start has been a record of steady progress, its connections now being of a most substantial and gratifying character, while the membership grows apace, and, unless all signs fail, the association is destined to fulfill its beneficent mission, " to afford aid and protection to its mem- bers, by present contributions to enable them to provide a fund for the future which will be of ben- efit to the member while living, or to his family in the event of the member's death," and become an enduring institution. The officers are as follows : Arthur Eomain, president; John P. Anderson, sec- retary, and J. F. Dandelet, treasurer, all gentlemen of the highest personal integrity, as well as of en- ergy, ability, and sagacity, and sustaining an excel- leht rejjutation in the community. Smith & Wardwell, Dealers in Fancy Goods, Novelties, Jewelry, etc., Nos. 705 and 707 Pennsylvania Avenue. — There are few commer- cial enterprises that add so greatly to the import- ance of a city as the modern fancy goods establish- ments. Washington is not behind any city in the United States in the possession of such enterprises, as may easily be discovered by a visit to the exten- sive house of Messrs Smith & Wardwell, Nos. 705 and 707 Pennsylvania avenue. The firm have likewise the following branches, viz.: Wardwell & Co., No. 7 Bowdoin square, Boston, Mass. ; F. W. Wardwell & Co., No. 210 Superior street, Cleve- land, O. ; Wardwell ct Co., No. 163 Summit street, Toledo, O. This business was originally estab- lished in Boston in ] 870 by Messrs. Emmons Smith", F. W. and E. J. Wardwell. The jiartners are thoroughly practical men, fully acquainted with every feature and detail of the business and the requirements of customers. The prcmisf s occupied in Washington comprise a spacious four-story build- ing 50x100 feet in dimensions, fully e(|uippcd with every facility and appliance for the acct mmodation and display of the immense stock. The assortment includes all kinds of faiKy goods, toys, notions, nov- elties, glassware, toilet articles, leaf her goods, jewelry, silverware, stationery, pictuies, etc., which are un- rivaled for quality, elegance, design, and excellence, whilethe pricesquoted necessarily attract the atten- tion of close and jirndent buyers. All goods art' pur- chased direct from the most famous maniifacinrcrs in large quantities, and the principle on wliicli this enterprise is conducted is that of just dealing, giv- ingfiill value for money. Seventy exiierienced sales- ladies, salesmen, etc., are enq>loyed. Messrs Smith, E. J. and F. AV. Wardwell are connoisseurs in fancy goods and novelties, and are highly regarded in commercial circles as business men of rare energy, and mav justly be considred as thoroughly identi- fied with the best interests of Washington. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 79 St. James Hotel (European Plan), Levi Woodbury, Proprietor, Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street. — For many years the St. James Hotel, iit the corner of Pennsylvania avenue and Sixth street, has been one of the most popular hostelries in the city of Washington, maintaining its prestige and popularity against all competition, and steadily increasing its patronage. The house was first ops led to the public in 1869 by the present proprie- tor, \lr. Levi Woodbury, than whom no more pop- ular host is known at the National Capital. The building is four stories in height, built of brick in the most substantial style, and has a frontage of one hundred and fifty feet on the avenue and two hun- dred feet on Sixth street. It contains one hundred and fifty rooms (many of them elegant suits), fifty having been added the ])ast year to accommodate tlie steady growth in patronage enjoyed by the house. The location is especially fine to accommodate all classes of patrons, being opposite the Pennsylvania railroad and the Baltimore and Potomac railroad depots and in the business heart of the city, easy of access to all places of amusement and convenient to the best jiart of the city. The hotel is operated upon the European plan, with an elegantly ap- pointed cafe on the ground floor, which is open for the accommodation of patrons until midnight. The car^e de Hie/i/t includes everything desirable that can be obtained in the excellent markets ofthecity, and the manner of service is all that could be desired by the most fastidious. The attendance is courteous, prompt, and obliging, and a sojourn at the St. James is made a pleasant experience by the enterprising and vf^ell-directed effi)rts of the proprietor to provide for the comfort of his guests. For the reasonable prices whieii prevail there is not in the city a more desirable stopping-place, and the universal verdict of tlie traveling public commends the St. James to strangers in Wasliingtou who desire quiet comfort anil home accommodations. The building lias just been remodeled and refurnished, has new patent fire escapes, passenger elevator, and, in short, all modera conveniences are provided, including an- nunciators, steam heat, and everything apper- taining to a first-class hotel, and sixty attentive, polite, expert persons are regularly employed in the diflTerent departments of the house. Mr. Woodbury, the proprietor, is a native of New Hampshire, and a resident of Washington for the past nineteen yeai's, where he is known as a public-spirited citizen and a genial, popular, and worthy host, whose rep- utation is established beyond the requirements of praise. Aixerbach & Bro., Hats and Men's Fur- nishing Goods, No. 623 Pennsylvania Avenue. — One of the most elegant and reliable of Washing- ton's retail establishments is that of Messrs. Auer- bach & Bro., outfitters and hatters. This popular and prospei'ous enterprise has been in successful operation here for the past ten years, and has built up a splendid trade. The house is conducted under the most favorable circumstances, being a branch of the great manufacturing concern of the same name located at No. 546 Broadway, New York city, which prosecutes an extensive business in all parts of the United States and gives employment to an average force of one hundred and fifty hands in the production of furnishing goods. M. J. Auerbach is the manager of the establishment in this city, and much of its success is undoubtedly due to his liberal and energetic efforts in behalf of the public. The store is 25x(S0 feet in dimensions, fitted up in the most appropriate and handsome manner, and admi- rably arranged for the exhibition and inspection of goods. The stock is full and complete in every line, and the display is of the most attractive and interesting character. The assortment embraces hats and caps in all the late and popular styles, and gentlemen's furnishings in great abundance and va- riety, including a multitude of ingenious and artis- tic patterns and designs which are demanded by prevailing taste and fashion. Supplies are received direct from the parent establishment, and besides their uniform superiority an immense advantage is thus gained in the matter of cost. ]S"oali Walker & Co., the Popular Clothing Establishment, No. 625 Pennsylvania Avenue. — The Washington branch of tlie great clothing house of Messrs. Noah Walker & Co., of Baltimore, is a prominent and infiuential factor in the develop- ment of the industry in which it is engaged. It was founded in 1S50, and from the beginning has been under the management of Mr. Thomas Fran- cis, than whom there is not a more experienced, capable, and popular gentleman connected M'itli the trade anywhere. The premises occupied comprise a three-story building 2UxS0 feet in dimensions. It is systematically divided into departments, and ar- ranged in the most convenient manner for the ex- hibition and handling of the immense stock. The display is of the most complete and attractive char- acter, the assortment embracing fine clothing of every description for men, boys, youth, and children, while the range of selection is so wide that every want and taste is easily and satisfactorily met. All the clothing handled is made by the parent e-itab- lishment, which enables the firm to quote prices that cannot possibly be afforded by dealers whose situation is less favorable. A force of ten clerks is in constant attendance, and visitors are waited upon with promptitude and courtesy. The trade is ex- clusively retail. No goods are sold the quality of which cannot be distinctly guaranteed. Mr. Fran- cis is so well known to the people of this city, and has labored in their behalf for so many years, that further personal mention is entirely unneces- sary. 80 CITY OF IVA SUING TON. Rrllddeu's New Furniture and Carpet Install- ment House, Nos. 9;J0 and 932 Seventh Street, N. W. — To successfully conduct an extensive furniture and carpet establislunent requires not only ability of the best order, the most exact sys- tem of management, and a clear and well-de- fined appreciation of the popular taste, but tiie business must be operated upon a basis of integrity and honesty in representation by which the fullest measure of public conlidence may be secured. A striking illustration of the correctness of the fore- going statement is found in the large liouse of Mr. .John Rudden, Nos. %^^ and 932 Seventh street, X. W., which, although founded as late as 1881, has advanced to a position of the greatest import- ance. Mr. Rudden is thoroughly experienced, gives close and careful study to the changing de- mmds of public taste, and cultivates tiie resources of his establishment with judgment and liberal enterprise. The premises occupied comprise two splendid stores 20x80 feet each, witli spacious base- ments, and the wliole arranged in the best manner for storage and exhibition and the rapid and eco- nomical handling of goods. An immense stock is carried, embracing furniture, carpets, rugs, mats, oil- cloths, matting, baby carriages, refrigerators, and household goods generally. The furniture, which is carried in magnificent assortment, ranges in (juality from the plainest to the most elaborate and costly, and many beautiful specimens of mechani- cal skill and excellence are shown which cannot fail to arrest the attention of judicious purchasers. The supply is of the most complete and compre- hensive character, and well calculated to meet the requirements of every taste and fancy. In tlie carpet department a fine display is made, the goods representing the products of the most noted Ameri- can and European manufacturers, and the stock containing all the latest novelties and patterns and many of the most exquisite designs it is possible to obtain. All other articles are kept in the same variety and abundance, and whatever is most es- teemed for adding to the comfort or elegance of home surroundings is here found in its most attrac- tive and reliable form. The prices are placed at the lowest point of moderation, and a specialty is made of the popular installment plan, by which, on mak- ing modest payments at certain intervals, the choic- est goods may be obtained without appreciable drain upon the purses of those with only limited means. The house is in every particular a most progressive, valuable, and responsible factor in the commerce of the city, and Mr. Rudden is a gentle- man who may be implicitly relied upon to serve the best interests of all who favor him with their patronage. E. Burg-dorf, Liverv and Sale Stables, Nos. 418 and 420 Eighth Street, N. W.— The largest and most prominent livery, sale, and boarding stable in the city of Washington is that of Mr. E. Burgdorf, located at Nos. 410, 412, 416, 418, and 420, and 409 and 411 Eighth street. Established in 1873 by the present proprietor, it has gradually been increased in size and facilities, until it is now the leading establishment of tlie kind at the National Capital. Its success and popularity lias been developed by strict attention to business, prompt : and^ courteous treatment of patrons, an(l perfect equipment of all teams let. The main stable is two-stories high, 50x100 feet in dimensions, well lighted and ventilated, provided with drains arranged upon sanitaiy principles. The carriage- house adjoining is8Uxl00 feet, and another is located opposite equal lu dimensions. The whole eslablish- meiit is a model of neatness and good order, and rarely equaled in arrangement and management iu any of our largest cities. The stock of horses is large in number and incluctes those suitable ior ladies to drive, as well as those noted for si)eed and good staying qualities. Styiish carriages, buggies, phaetons, coupes, and other vehicles are to let upon reasonable terms with experienced drivers in livery when desired, the whole outfit in every respect be- ing first-class. The stables have first-class accom- modations, and a force of thirty hands is employed to attend to the care of the stock and the wants of customers. Mr. Burgdorf is considered an excellent authority upon the care and treatment of liorses^ and does a large business in the purchase and sale of horses from all parts of the country. He has also a large and influential patronage in boarding horses, and gives his personal attention to ail the details of his business, this insuring promi)t and reliable service to all who call upon him. Mr. Burgdorf is well known in the business circles of the city, and is responsible and straightforward in all his transactions. j Washing-ton Copying Company, A. E. Burcke, Proprietor, Copying and Enlarging Pho- tographs, etc., Oil, Water, and Crayon Work, P^rench Pastels, etc., No. 639 F Street. — In no branch of industry, science, or art has there been made more progress of late years than in photographing and all branches pertaining thereto. In this connection . attention is directed to the deservedly popular Washington Copying Company, whose admirably conducted and attractive studio and art gallery are located at No. 639 F street (opposite United States Patent Office), where copying and enlarging of photographs, tintypes, ambrotypes, etc., are executed in the highest style of art, also crayon,. French pastel, oil, water colors, and kindred fine portrait work, the pictures leaving this well- ordered establishment being first-class in every re- spect, in fidelity to copy or original, execution, and finish. This flourishing business was started in 1878 by Mr. William Williams, who was suc- ceeded by Key.ser & Reynolds, who conducted it up to February, 1886, when they were succeeded by the present proprietor, Mr. A. E. Burcke, who has since continued it with the most gratifying success, his trade, wiiich is of a very substantial character, extending all over the United States and Mexico. The premises occupied are neat and commodious, and completely equipped in every respect, while an elegant collection of oil, water-colors, and neutral tint portraits and artistic photographs of variou.s styles and designs render an exceedingly fine dis- play. Copying and enlarging in all their brandies are attended to in the most superior and satisfactory manner, the French pastel being a picture find- ing very much favor with agents, and drawings for United States and foreign patents are made accurately and reliably, fine crayon work being the specialty. Mr. Burcke, who is a native of Mary- land, but has resided in the District upward of a quarter of a century, is a gentleman of courteous manners and strict integrity, as well as enterprise and ability, and well merits the large measure of popular favor and prosperity he enjoys. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 81 Xorris Peters, Photo-Lithographer, No. 458 Pennsylvania Avenue. — The lithographing estab- lishment of Mr. Norris Peters, No 4oS Pennsyl- vania avenue, furnishes an illustration of the fact that Washington is well up with her sister cities in the artistic industries. This concern was founded in 1869 by Messrs. Peters & Rehn, the present pro- prietor assuming the sole control in 1870. Mr. Peters is a tiioroughly practical representative of the industry in which he is engaged, and his liberal, enterprising, and efficient management finds its reward in a large, first-class, and constantly increas- ing trade. A two-story building 50x130 feet in dimensions is occupied, which is specially arranged for the business carried on within its walls, and abundantly provided with the latest and most im- proved machinery ana ai)pliances that can be used to advantage. In fact, every facility and conve- nience of a desirable character is at hand, and the establishment is one of the most completely erpilpped to be found anywhere. Lithograph- ing of every kind is done in the most admirable manner, including maps, charts, and general commercial work, and a leading specialty is made of photo-lithographing, for the excellence of which Mr. Peters has a higii and well-earned reputation. An average force of fifty skilled hands is kept constantly busy, and a corps of artists of marked ability and repute in the profession pro- vides the beautiful and appropriate designs for which the house is noted. The productions of the establishment are unsurpassed, and are in high favor with business men and otiiers throughout Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Colimibia. Designs and estimates are cheerfully furnished when desired, and the resources accumulated dur- ing more than seventeen years enable Mr. Peters to promptly fill all contracts with the very best work at the lowest prices. Mr. Peters is a native of Pennsylvania, has resided in Washington for twenty years, and is a reliable and responsible gen- tleman, in whose repi-esentations full faith and confidence may be reposed. Harry Standiford (Successor to C. H. Nourse & Co.), Apothecary and Pharmacist, cor- ner of Ninth and F Streets, N. W., St. Cloud Building, — The above well-appointed and beau- tifully fitted-up store was started in 1872 by J. T. Cole & Co., who held it until 1878, when they were succeeded by C. H. Nourse & Co., which firm carried on the business for the three following years, being in their turn succeeded in 1881 by Mr Harry Standiford, the present proprietor. The stock is large, comprising a full line of drugs and medicines of every description. Special attention is given to the compounding of physicians' jirescrip tions, which are put up only by an efficient staff of assistants, who are all graduates in pharmacv and are on duty both night and day. The store is 20x40 feet in dimensions. Connected with it is a large basement, equally well stocked, 20x100 feet, and connected with a cellar, with a complete out- fit for manufacturing soda, where steel fountains only are used A feature of the store is its beauti- ful soda- water fountain, where the finest flavors can always be had. Mr. Standiford also carries a large stock of fancy and toilet articles, soaps, per- fumery, etc., and is also agent for Meyers' grease paints, powders, and rouge, which he dispenses to the public at the same prices they may be pur- 6 chased for in New York. Mr. S. is a native of Vir- ginia, and holds his diploma as a graduate of the National College of Pharmacy. This is the only pharmacy in Washington that accommodates its customei's by keeping open day and night. Royce & Marean, Dealers in Electrical Apparatus, Telephone, Telegraph, and General Electrical Supplies, No. 1408 Pennsylvania Ave- nue, opposite Willard's Hotel. — The furnishing and fitting up of electrical appliances of every de- scription now forms a very important and exten- sive branch of industry, and in this line Messrs. Royce & Marean take a leading position The co- partners, Messrs. F. W. Royce and Morell Marean, arebothnativesof Pennsylvania, and the former has resided for thirty years and the latter for a quarter of a century in Washington. They formed their partnership in 1880, and their 'enterprise has been attended by the most marked success. They occupy a well-appointed, attractive store 25x90 feet in di- mensions, and here they deal in electrical supplies of every description, and contract for the fitting up of all kinds of electrical apparatus. This firm put up all the electrical appliances in the Government buildings, and they send competent workmen to all sections of the country to put up the Edison incan- descent and other electric lights, telephone and telegraph appliances, electrical bells, bnrglar alarms, etc. Estimates are cheerfully supplied for fitting hotels and private residences with electrical appa- ratus. The firm are the agents for Gardner's system for correcting clocks by electricity, and for furnishing standard time to stores, hotels, rail- roads, and private residences. The Gardner clock is a handsome eight-day clock, and lias attached to it an electro-magnet, which is connected by means of a suitable wire with the United Naval Observa- tory, whence an electric current is sent that forces the hands of the clock to be moved to their correct position and in keeping with the standard clock at the Observatory. These clocks have been placed in the principal Government offices. Jno. A. Prescott, Real Estate Broker and Auctioneer, No. 1416 F Street, N. W. — Among those who are largely contributing to the material development of the real estate interests of Wash- ton is Mr. Jno. vV. Prescott, who established him- self as a real estate broker and auctioneer in 1881, and has become actively identified with the real estate interests of the city and District and through- out Maryland and Virginia. He is a recognized authority as to the values of realty in all sections of the District,>nd those investors who have been guided by his judgment and advice have invariably secured properties returning a handsome income. He devotes special attention to the sale and jmr- chase of improved and unimproved properly and to the leasing of houses, stores, and busine.-s (rem- ises. He possesses unsurpassed facilities fn- tlie safe investment of money and the prompt negotia- tion of loans on bond and mortgage, assumes entire management of estates, collects rents, and attends to business of this nature with fidelity and dis- patch. Mr. Prescott has resided here for twenty- five years, is well known as a notary public, and as secretary of Federal Building Association, No. 2, and of Serial Savings and Building Association, , both of this citv. 82 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Luttrell & Wine, Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, Fancy Articles, etc , No. 1980 Penn- sylvania Avenue. — The dry goods interest of Wash- ington is so intimately connected with our com- mercial development, and a factor of such influence in the welfare of every other branch of trade, as to demand sjiecial recognition by any work bearing upon the general resources of the city. Prominent among the oldest and most substantial liouses en- gaged in this field of mercantile activity is that of Messrs. Luttrell & Wine, Ko. lUoO Pennsylvania avenue. This concern was founded as far back as 1855 by Messrs. Johnson, Sutton A: Co., and the business passed successively into the hands of Messrs. Hennage, Luttrell & Co., Luttrell, Wine & Co., and, finally, the present firm eighteen years ago. The individual members are Thomas J. Lut- trell and Louis D. Wine, both thoroughly expe- rienced dry goods men, intimately familiar with every want and requirement of the trade, com- manding extensive resources, and enjoying the favor and confidence not only of those with whom they sustain relations but of the public at large. The store is splendidly located, measures 30x120 feet, and is supplied with every known convenience for rapidly and economically handling the heavy business. The stock of dry goods, silks, satins, vel- vets, and dress goods, notions, fancy goods, hosiery, ladies' and gents' furnishings, laces, embroideries, trimmings, etc., is of the most complete and com- prehensive character, and includes everything to be found in any first-class house of this kind in the country. The firm possess imsurpassed facilities for the collection of supplies, make their purchases direct from manufacturers and importers, and give their correspondents at the several centres of fash- ion carle blanche to consign to them the freshest and choicest novelties in every line as soon as they are ready for the market. Thus customers are assured of obtaining at this enterprising and responsible house the most reliable and stylish goods long before they make their appearance on the counters or^-on- cerns whose equipment and preparation are less thorough. Responding to the close and trying competition peculiar to the dry goods trade, Messrs. Luttrell & Wine place their i)rices at the lowest point of moderation, and give to patrons every possible advantage that can be afforded with justice to themselves. Both a wholesale and retail busi- ness is transacted, and the volume of patronage, already large and first-class, is constantly increas- ing under the intelligent and well-directed efforts of the proprietors. Both members of the firm are natives of Virginia. They have resided in Washington fbr many years, and have by their energy and honorable dealings sDntributed most materially to the general well-being of the city's commerce. Cannon's Liver Tonic, William Minor Cannon, Proprietor, No. 'IWW Seventh Street, S. W. — There is undoubtedly an everlasting truth in the statement that the liver is the great master wheel of life's machinery, that it regulates the whole mechanism of man, that when the liver becomes torpid the whole system becomes out of order, followed by cold feet, headache, despondency, and death. It is some consolation to know- that there is a well-tried, thoroughly tested remedy for liver derangements, and this is Cannon's liver tonic, dyspeosia remedy, and blood purifier, which has stood the test of fifty years, and is approved of to this day. Is purely a vegetable extract, free from minerals or any ingredients detrimental to health. Kemoves bile, corrects disorders of the liver and stomach, purines the blood, gives strengtii, tone, and a healthy action to the entire system, cures dyspcj)sia, constipation of the bowels, loss of appe- tite, giddiness of the head, headache, bilious hypochondria, colic, or any diseases arising from a disordered liver or stomach. One dose of the liver tonic will move the bo^vels sufficiently to carry off the old accumulations or deposits of months, purifying the blood in a marveluus manner, in fact, the restorative ciuallties of this medicine is surpris- ing to ail who try it. Females suffering from disease peculiar to their sex will find in this liver invigorator a great restorer to health. More than one-half of the complaints which occur in this country are considered as having their seat in a diseased state of the liver. More than three-fourths of the diseases enumerated under the head of con- sumption, kidney afit^^ction, and rheumatism have their seat in a diseased liver. This is truly a fright- ful catalogue, and the remedy is Cannon's liver tonic. Mr. Wisdom will tell you that if Cannon's liver tonic has cured thousands of men, women, and children, it will not cure him, and he will not try it, good or bad. Mr. Mule will have nothing to do with it, good or bad. Mr. Commonsense thinks that as Cannon's liver tonic has cured others it might cure him, and he will try it, and then be the better judge. The tonic is kept by all respectable druggists in all the leading cities of the country, and is retailed at fifty cents per bottle. Mr. Cannon was born in Fredericksburg, Ya., seventy-three years ago, and fifty years since he began the manu- facture of his now far-famed liver tonic, on Ivouisi- ana avenue, in this city. Here lie remained until four years ago, wlien he removed to No. 233 Seventh street, S. W., where he has a fine, well- appointed store and laboratory. Orders for the liver tonic, whether at wholesale or retail, are promptly and satisfactorily filled, and satisfaction is guaranteed. Charles B. Fuse, Artistic Paperhanger,^ Window Shades and Trimmings, Gilt Picture Rods, Cords, etc.. No. 1734 Pennsylvania Avenue. — In proportion to the smallness of its cost nothing con- tributes so much to the comfort and elegance of our homes as carefully chosen Mall pajiers. One of the prominent dealers in this city is Mr. Charles B. Fuse, whose fine store is located at No. 1734 Pennsylvania avenue, between Seventeenth and lughteenth streets. Here he keeps constantly on hand all the latest and many of the old and well- tried patterns of both French and American wall papers, besides a splendid assortment of window shades, trimmings, gilt picture rods, cords, etc., all of which are offered at prices that cannot ])Ossibly be duplicated. It is always a genuine j)leasnre to deal with Mr. Fuse. As a paperhanger and gen- eral interior decorator he enjoys a higii reputation and receives a large and first-class patronage. De- signs and estimates are furnished when desired, and all orders are executed thoroughly and artistically by workmen of long experience and superior skill. Mr. Fuse established his present business in 1882, and by his honorable methods and sedulous study to please has won a wide circle of patrons and friends. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 83 Z. D. Gilnian, Pharmacist, No. 627 Pennsyl- vania Avenue. — One of the oldest and most reliable pharmacies in the city is that conducted by Mr. Z. D. Oilman. This house was founded in 1822 by Mr. Seth Todd, who was succeeded by Mr. (xilman in 1850. lie became widely known as proprietor of Gilman's liniment, Gilman's cough syrup, and Gilman's hair invigorator. He died in 1876, and the business has since been conducted by Mrs. E. H. Gilman and Mr. Joseph D. Franzoni. It is an elegant establishment in eveiy way. The arrange- ments and appointments of the store are thoroughly convenient for ins^section and sale. A splendid line of goods is shown in every branch of business. Tlie pure and superior assortment of drugs, medi- cines, and pharmaceutical preparations is supplied from the most reputable sources and selected witii special reference to strengtii and freshness. In the line of novelties in perfumery, toilet goods, and fancy articles the enterprise of the proprietors has placed within the reach of patrons ancl the public the best articles that can be purchased. The house is perfectly ecpiipped for its specialty of prescrip- tions, and absolute accuracy is invariably assured. They have just laid in a fresh stock of surgical in- struments for daily use, comprising hypodermic syringes in new patterns and cases, clinical ther- mometers, and a complete assortment of atomizers and Gaifle's batteries. The proprietors offer a full line of instruments of the highest finish and best quality at prices tliat defy competition. They also keep a full line of physicians' supplies of all kinds, as well as chemical glassware and apparatus of the finest quality. Five clerks contribute to the satisfactory opei-ation of the affairs of the house, and the patronage is large and first-class. William Wag-ner, Sporting Goods, Hard- ware, and Cutlery, No. 207 j Pennsylvania Avenue, E. — For the past decade this liouse has been a prominent one among the leading mercantile en- terprises of Washington. The proprietor, Mr. William Wagner, was born in this city and for a score of years followed the business of a practical gunsmith. Ten years ago he opened his present business house, and this consists of a salesroom 20x60 feet in dimensions and of a well-equipped workshop in tlie rear. The stock carried is a large and varied one, and it embraces a very full and de- sirable assortment of builders' and general hard- ware, cutlery of all kinds, carj)enters' and meciian- ics' tools, guns of foreign and domestic manufac- ture, and sporting goods of every description, gar- den implements, etc. The uniform low prices, Mr. Wagner's exhaustive knowledge of his business, and his record for square dealing, have all con- tributed to make his establisliment the popular one it is. He is a prominent and respected member of the Odd-Fellows and of the Masonic fraternity. Seventh Street Mourning- Store, Ee- liable Cloth and Silk House, No. 736 Seventh Street, between G and H Streets, N. W. ; J. E. Young, Proprietor. — This business was founded in 1862 by Messrs. J. E. Young and Behrend. It was originated in Georgetown and removed to Seventh street, and in 1876 it was removed to its present location. Tiie premises comprise a building with two floors and basement, and covering an area of 25x110 feet. They are fitted up in the most ele- gant and attractive manner, and the second floor is utilized for the manufacture of ladies' and gentle- men's underclothing of every description. The lower floor is filled to repletion with a vast assort- ment of this class of goods, with ladies' and gentle- men's furnishings of all kinds, tailors' trimmings, silks, velvets, satins, woolens, and other dress fabrics, cloaks of the most fashionable make, i'ancy goods, notions, and mourning goods in great variety. A specialty is made of mourning goods, of which a very large and effective display is made. Dry goods of every description always on hand. The house is noted, not only for the excellence of its goods, but for the low prices which invariably pre- vail. Ten hands are employed. The house has a large and growing patronage, and the success and confidence enjoyed are fully merited. Mr. Young, who is a native of Germany, has been a resident of Washington since 1854. Charles A. Kranse, Wall-Papers and Win- dow-Shades, No. 1223 New York Avenue, N. W. — A representative house in these lines is that of Mr. Charles A. Krause, the widely known paperhanger and decorator. He established this business at the present location in 1868. Progressive excellence has always been his motto, and in every department of his profession he has steadily maintained the highest standard of excellence. He is possessed of many years of practical experience and has done much of the decorating and paperhanging that are so much admired in the private residences and public resorts of this city and vicinity. He is also an expert in the fitting up of wainscots with lin- crusta and the solid relief finish so deservedly pop- ular. The store is very large and commodious, neatly and attractively fitted up, and contains a full and complete stock of all kinds of wall-paper of foreign and domestic manufacture, including bor- ders, dadoes, centrepieces, and the finest grades of window-shades, curtains, and draperies and their trimmings. None but the most skillful and profi- cient workmen are employed, and satisfaction is guaranteed in every case. Mr. Krause was born in Baltimore, where he learned his trade, and has re- sided here since 1870. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' fraternity, and enjoys the confidence of the entire community. Benedict Roth, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Saddlery, Harness, and Trunks, No. 1033 Seventh Street. — A leading house in the saddlery and hard- ware line is that of Mr. Benedict Roth, who founded his enterprise here in 1869. The premises occupied ai'e admirably adapted for the business, are commo- dious, well arranged, and equipped with every ap- pliance and facility. The spacious salesroom con- tains an elegant and extensive variety of all kinds of ladies' and gentlemen's saddles, single and double harness, saddlery, carriage goods, whips, robes, and horsefurnishing goods of all descriptions, which are offered at the lowest prices consistent with good material and workmanship. A full line of leather trunks and other leather goods is also kept on hand. A specialty is made of the custom department, leather goods of all kinds being manufactured to order at the shortest notice. Mr. Roth is a native of Washington, born in 1847, and entered upon the study of his pres- ent trade when quite young, and is a master of all its various branches. 84 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Rig-g'S House, Fifteenth and G Streets, C. W. Spofibid, Proprietor. — A perfect exponent of the truly American science of first-class hotel keep- ing is the fiunous and widely known "Riggs House." In every way the Kiggs House is a repre- sentative establishment, sharing equally with two or three other houses the high honor and fame of standing at the head of the business in the city of Washington. In truth, it has never been called on to compete with other hotels, for since it was opened in 1S70 it has always had a select, influen- tial, and extensive patronage from the classes of the conununity which, j)Ossessed of wealth and re- finement, instinctively seek (Jut the best of every- thing. The guests of the Riggs House have the best accommodation, fare, and service, and the hotel renews on its registers year after year the names of hosts of our prominent citizens, senators, congress- men, foreign tourists and diplomats, who make it their permanent home wlien in the capital. The location of the Riggs House is absolutely central. It is opposite the United States Treasury Build- ings and in the immediate neighborhood of the President's Mansion, State, War, and Navy Depart- ments. Street cars to and from depots, t'apitol, and all the Departments pass the house every three minutes during the day. The Riggs House has a frontage of 140 feet by a depth of 250 feet. It is seven stories in height, and architecturally forms a handsome addition to this section of the city. The interior appointments of this splendid structure are of the most elegant and luxurious character, fully in keeping with its international reputation. Mr. Spofibrd, tlie popular ])roprietor, hasentirely refitted and furnished it in the most complete manner, all its appointments and equipments being exception- ally perfect in character. The plumbing and sani- tary arrangements have been constructed under the supervision of an eminent sanitary engineer, and the entire building has been supplied with the lat- est improved appliances, thus effectually securing guests against ihe inconveniences and dangers re- sulting from imperfect ventilation, drainage, and the ravages of lire. The handsome offices, recep- tion-parlors, and dining-rooms are richly frescoed and decorated, and are connected with the various floors by spacious and easy staircases and the most approved safety passenger-elevators. The Riggs House contains two hundred and twenty-five rooms and has superior accommodations for four hundred guests. The culinary department is under the supervision of a distingiushed French chef. Everything that art, capital, and science can devise has been utilized, including billiard and reading- rooms, electric lights, elevaiors, electrical commu- nication, etc., and visitors having once stO[)ped here are certain to return again when visiting Washing- ton. Mr. Spoflbrd has had foriy years' experience in hotel keeping, and was formerly steward under Paran Stevens at the Tremont House, Boston, and of the Continental, of Philadelj)hi:i, and also one of the proprietors Few men iiave had a more practiciil and valuable experience, and which is so creditably shown in the Riggs management. He is a native of New Hampshire, and is highly regarded for his kind and courteous manners, energy, and integrity. The merits of the Riggs House are too widely known and recognized to require any further explanation here, and the best jiroof of its remarkable pojMi- larity is a Horded by the thousands who have already enjoyed its comfort and hospitality. Beale Bros. & Co., Commission Merchants and Receivers and Sellers of all kinds of Fish, Game, Oysters, Terrapin, Lobsters, etc.. No. 1007 Louisi- ana Avenue, N. W. — xVlthough a comparatively new concern — having been established in Novem- ber, 188(j — the enterprising and prosperous firm of Beale Bros. & Co., connuission merchants and re- ceivers and sellers of all kinds of fish, game, oys- ters, terrapin, dairy product.s, etc., lias already at- tained a position in the front rank in this import- ant activity. The premises occupied conqirise an entire three-story 3.5x100 foot building, besides a wharf on Potomac river for unloading oyster-boals and an extensive and excellent stock is alwayscarried on hand to meet the steady and rapidly increas- ing demand, including fish, oysters (direct from their own beds), clams, crabs, lobsters, and sea food of every variety, terrapin, game, poul- try, butter, cheese, eggs, and general country produce, upward of one hundred barrels of oysters alone being handled daily, while over twenty hands are employed. Consignments are solicited and a special feature of the concern is prompt returns at the most favorable market quotations, the trade be- ing both wholesale and retail. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. E. M. and W. H. Beale, natives of Virginia, where they had been engaged in the same line for some time prior to settling in Washington about one year ago. They do an extensive wholesale oyster business from their wharves in Virginia, selling exclusively to packers in Baltimore and Washington. They refer by permission to the following list of bankers, mer- chants, and businessmen : Ciane, Parris A Co., bank- ers, Washington, D. C. ; R. A. Sanford, Baltimore, Md.; Roth & Geoghegan, merchants, AVashington, 1). C. ; General R. L. T. Beale, Hague, Westmore- land county, Va. ; Rev. W. W. Walker, Hague, Westmoreland county, Va.; Frank Brown, Hague, Westmorehind county, Va.; C. G. Tubman »i Co., Mount Holly, Va., and John Lloyd, cashier First National Bank, Altoona, Pa. Edward Ij. I>eiit«&Co., Mechanical Engi- neers and Maiiufacttirers' Agents, No. 1413 G Street, N. W. — X i)roniinent house engaged in this line of industry is tliat of Messrs. Edward L. Dent & Co., who established this enterprise in 1885. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, consisting of a store and basement, which contain a very full and complete assortment of nearly all kinds of machinery and scientific ajjpliances of the most recent inventions and improvements, consist- ing in ])art of steam and liot water heating and ventilation ajjparatus, Duplex steam-heating spe- cialties, Nonpareil Steam Heater, Rutzler & Blake's heaters, S. S. Graves <& Sons' passenger antl freight elevators, and C. PI. Delaniater & Co.'s heaters, steam pumps, etc., etc., and also for erecting jiiachinery. iNIr. Dent is thoroughly well versed in all kinds of machinery, is a graduate of Stevens College in all tiiat pertains to the science of technology, and he is also a meinlier of the .'Vmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, while his ]:)artner, Mr. George R. Herbert is a practical mechanic of many years' experience. Estimates are duly furnished for all kinds of machinery, and all descriptions of repairs are executed by experienced and careful workmen. They are agents for the Duj)lex. Both partners are natives of the city and enjoy the fullest confidence of all who know them. . LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 85 p. D. Stone, Keal Estate Broker, No. 1226 F Street, N. W. — A gentleman pronunently identi- fied witli the real estate business in the city of Washington is Mr. I). D. Stone, of No. 1226 F street, N. W. The business was founded in 1880 by Messrs. Stone & Littlefield, and was conducted under the joint management of these gentlemen until August, 1886, when, through the retirement of Mr. Littlefield, Mr. Stone succeeded to the en- tire control. Mr. Stone has a rare personal knowl- edge of the present and prospective values of real estate in this city and its environs, and has made some heavy transactions for patrons in the purchase of and locating of loans on first-class realty, and has acquired an extensive clientage in the matter of renting houses, collecting rents, and the manage- ment of estates. He is a thoroughly e.'jperienced and accomplished attorney-at-law, and makes a specialty of law relating to real estate. In this de- partment of his business Mr. Stone has an influen- tial and remifuerative patronage. He has patrons in all parts of the District, Maryland, and Virginia. Mr. Stone was born in Virginia, and obtained his education at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., graduating from that institution in 1859. He was principal of Tuscarora Academy from 1868 to 1877, during wliich time the degree of Ph.D. was con- ferred upon him by Washington and Jefferson Col- lege, Pa. Hetiieii practicedlawatMifflinton,. Juniata county, Pa., from which place he came to this city and entered upon the real estate business. James M. Hodg-es, Dealer in Artists' and Painters' Supplies, No. 1312 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — An e-itablishment opened in June, 1886, in the city of Washington, for the sale of painters' and artists' supplies, is that of Mr. James M. Hodges, of No. 1312 Pennsylvania avenue, N. W. This gentleman is a native of Philadelphia, and came from that city to the National Capital eigh- teen years ago, learning the sign painting and gen- eral interior decorating trade in Philadelphia. Through his industry, perseverance, and economy he was enabled to open his present fine establish- ment, and he is meeting witli deserved snccess in his enterprise. The store occupied is 20x60 feet in dimensions, and is fitted up in excellent style. It is filled with a remarkably fine stock, comprising everything in the line of window-glass, dry and mixed paints, oils, varnishes, brushes, and every- tliing used by painters, artists, calciminers, and general interior decorators. Mr. Hodges employs a number of skilled workmen and executes to order the most artistic styles of interior decorations and house painting generally, guaranteeing perfect sat- isfaction with all work and ju-ices charged. He also performs sign painting for the trade and has a large patronage in this, as in every other depart- ment of his business. All orders are given prompt attention. Mr. Hodges gives every attention to his customers and will be found a very pleasant busi- ness man with whom to have dealings. J. Henry Kaiser, Mechanical Drafting, No. 633 F Street, N. W.— Mr. J. Henry Kaiser is a mechanical draughtsman who is one of the leading and most reliable exj)onents of the art in Washing- ton. Mr. Kaiser, who is a native of the District, is an expert draughtsman, and is a practical and thorough master of the art in all its branches, having had many years' experience in the exercise i of his profession, and has been employed in the United States Patent Office six years as a draughts- man. In 1872, in conjunction with Geo. T. Small- wood, he started on his own account, under the firm name of Kaiser & Small wood, who conducted the business up to October, 1886, when Mr. Kaiser assumed sole control, and has since continued alone with uninterrupted success. He executes designs, drawings, and plans for all classes of machinery in the most accurate and reliable manner, either from models or sketches, and also India-ink and crayon work, estimates and opinions being promptly fur- nished — in short, everything pertaining to the con- struction of machinery, etc., and has just finished a design for a large life-boat. NicoU, the Tailor, No. 617 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Probably the best known man in his spe- cial line of trade in this country is Nicoll.the tailor, whosenime has become a household word. He estab- lished his business in New York in 1850, and now has five branch houses, viz. : at Washington, D. C. ; Pittsburg, Pa. ; Boston, Mass.; Hartford, Conn., and Brooklyn, N. Y. His Washington house was established in 1876, and is under the very capable management of Mr. R. B. Buckley, wlio has been connected with Mr. Nicoll's business for the past five years, and is eminently popular. The stock here displayed is one of the finest in the city. The best sources of American and European production have contributed to its wealth. It is complete in material, design, and novelty, and gives the limit of manufacture in high-class goods. To seek the services of the house once is to be its patron always. A large number of Congressmen, Oovernraent offi- cials, and best citizens of the District are among its permanent patrons. Estimates and samples are furnished for the making of uniforms for conduc- tors, brakemen, coachmen, footmen, hall-boys, wait- ers, porters, and policemen, telegraph messengers, firemen, bicylists, steamboat officers, letter carriers, Knights Templar, Grand Army Posts, Custom House officers. Knights of Pythias, and|other orders and organizations. The rarest inducements are offered to the public in all departments of the busi- ness as regards both excellence of stock and econ- omy of prices. «Tanies LioftllS, Dealer in all kinds of Fur- niture, Carpets, Matting, Oil-Cloth, Rugs, Bed- spreads, etc.. No. 91 1 Seventh Street, N. W.— A little over a year ago the house named in the caption of this review was opened by Mr. James Loftus, and the large patronage he has since secured is the best evidence of his business ability and enterprise that can be adduced. Mr. Loftus wds born in Ireland and for the past five years has resided in Washing- ton. The premises occupied consist of a neat, well-appointed store 25x100 feet in dimensions. The stock embraces a fine assortment of parlor, chamber, dining-room, and kitchen furniture of every description, carpets, matting, oil-clot ii, rugs, bedspreads, blankets, comforts, clocks, pictures, looking-glasses, etc., a fine selection of dry goods, di-ess fabrics, notions, and housefurnishing goods in great variety. These articles are of the most relia- ble quality and of first-class workmanship. All orders are promptly filled. The business is con- ducted upon the cash and installment plans, tlie most reasonable terms being accorded to pur- chasers. 86 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Jas. W. McKee & Co., Manufacturers' and Importers' Agents and Commercial Brokers, No. 719 Market tSpace. — The rapid and marvelous growtii of mercantile activity in the United States witliin comparatively recent years, with the vast and varied interests constantly developing, renders the functions of the selling agent and commercial broker of peculiar interest, as well as an indispen- sable factor in distribution, under the complex bus- iness system that obtains. An enterprising and prosperous firm engaged in this line in Washing- ton is that of J as. W. McKee & Co., manufacturers' and importers' agents and commercial brokers. No. 719 Market space, who established this tlourisliing business in 1878, and from the ince[)tion of the same have enjoyed a large and substantial patron- age, the connections of the concern being of a most gratifying and desirable character. They handle general dry goods, silks, woolen, linen, and cotton fabrics of all kinds, hats, notions, small wares, and miscellaneous merchandise, and are agents for the larger houses in New York, Phila- delphia, and the Eastern States engaged in the manufacture of such specialties, and altogether a very fine business is transacted. Mr. McKee, who is sole proprietor, is a native of this city, and is well and favorably known in commercial circles throughout the District and adjoining States. A gentleman of strict integrity in all his dealings, as well as a man of foresight and excellent business ability, he fully merits the large measure of pros- perity he enjoys. Mr. McKee is aided in his busi- ness by his son, Mr. Townley A. McKee, who is well and favorably known to the trade in Virginia and in other of the Middle and Southern States. W. H. Liowrterinilk, Government Publica- tions, Rare, Old, and Curious Books, etc., No. 1424 F Street — One of the most interesting ])laces to visit in tlie city of Washington, to those of a liter- ary turn of mind, is tiie establisliment of Messrs. W. H. Lowdermilk <& Co. This was formerly known as Anglim's, having been estal)lished by Messrs. James Anglim & Co. in 1874, and continued by that firm until 188(5, when the ])resent firm suc- ceeded. It is widely known as headcjuarters for all (xovernment publications, rare, old, and curious books, law-books, early American history, and standard works on all subjects. The establishment is not only the largest of its kind in this city, but also one of the most cotnplete in the country. From its literary attractiveness it is a place of spe- cial interest to authors, students, and literati who visit or reside in tlie city. It has one of the larg- est departments of " Americana," including scarce Revolutionary, Civil War, and C'onfederate litera- ture, works on British America, travels, political his- tory, etc., in the country. Among the more import- ant and valuable publications of the United States (lovernment for sale here are the American archives and State ])apers, printed in forty-seven volumes, and comprising the legislative and executive docu- i ments of Congress from 1789 to 1828 and 18o8; contributions to North American ethnology, geo- logical monographs. United States geological and \ geographical surveys and explorations, United States land laws. United States dijilomatic corres- pondence. United States treaties and conventions with other powers, surveys of the United States, manufactures of the United States, inter-oceanic canals, and various works on agriculture, the Amer- , I ican aborigines, Alaska, archtelogy, the Arctic ocean, astronomy, Bureau of Statistics, consukir re- ports, cotton production, credit systems of the world. Bureau of Education, electricity, entomol- ogy. Fish Commission, geology, international exhibi- tions, labor and capital, meteorology, mines, ornith- ology, patents, population, railroads, signal service, Smithsonian Institution, Suez Canal, trial of Gui- teau, the Gulf-Stream, trials by court-martial, Hay- den's survey, the Yellowstone National Park, zool- ogy, paleontology, and the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. The firm is com- posed of Messrs. W. 11. Lowdermilk, John T. Loo- mis, and Henry W. Dowling. Mr. Lowdermilk is a native of Maryland, and was a member of the original firm of James Anglim & Co. Mr. Loomis is a native of Illinois, and was six years a clerk of the old firm. Air. Dowling is a native of this city. William Smllivaii, Installment House, Fine Housefurnishing Goods, etc.. No. 913 Seventh Street, N. W. — A comparatively recently established business enteri)rise of the city of Washington, but which has already taken a prominent place in its line, is that of Mr. William Sullivan, whose in- stallment house is located at No. 913 Seventh street, N. W. This fine business house was inau- gurated in 1884, and the enterprise of the manage- ment, together with the fine goods sold, has served to attract a large and lucrative patronage and to build up a reputation of the highest character. The store occupied is 2-)xl00 feet in dimensions, and this spacious salesroom is stocked to its utmost holding capacity with a rarely fine assortment of superior housefurnishing goods, furniture, carpets, matting, dry goods, stoves, bedding, kitchen ware, glassware, lamps and lamp goods, and every description of articles used in the household. These excellent goods are sold either for cash outright or on the in- stallment plan, terms being made to suit customers. Goods are delivered to all parts of the city free of cliarge and all orders are given prompt attention. Mr. Wm. Sulliv;m, the proprietor, is a business man well known for his enterj)rise and energy. He has made hosts of friends here and is highly es- teemed by all. He is a native of Ireland. «T. »T. fTeorg"CS, Anatomical Bootmaker and Chiropodist, No. 1208 F Street, N. W. — The pro- fession of anatomical bootmaker and chiropodist is carried on by J. J. (reorges at the above address. j\Ir. Georges was born in Germany and came to the United States in IS jo, and having spent eleven years in Philadelphia and Baltimore, came to the capital in ISGl, and opened business at the above address as a practical boot and shoe maker, in the })ursuit of which, being a man of brain and a great student of his jirofession, he became thoroughly master of the anatomy of the feet, and added t(» his trade that of chiropodist in 1870. Ilis store, which is 20x70 feet in dimensions, is nicely fitted up, a fine stock of boots and shoes being always on hand and at reasonable prices. A n efficient staff'of resj)ectful attendants is employed to wait on customers. Mr. (ieorges makes a specialty of anatomical boots and shoes for sore, deformed, or tender feet, and claims if there is anything in an established reiiutation, if the patronage, year after year, of men of character and standing justify a man in feeling that he has succeeded, he feels justified in so claiming. J LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. Bernard Leonard, Keal Estate Agent, No. 407 Four-and-a-Half Street, S. \V. — The real estate business is one of vast import in its relation to the manufacturing and commercial interests of the city. Engaged in buying, selling, exchanging, leasing, and letting real estate of all kind is Bernard Leonard, whose office is centrally located at No. 407 P^our-and- a-Half street, S. W. Mr. Leonard has been engaged in this business a little over a year and a half. He brought to his enterprise a long experience in his line of business, and he is recognized as an authority as to actual values and eligibility of propert}' in all desirable sections in the city, and he has always upon his books bargains in the lines of private residences, flats, vacant lots, etc., quoted at figures rendering them valuable for investment purposes. He also takes entire management of estates, and has at all times houses, stores, flats, etc., to let. He collects rents promptly and satisfactorily, and negotiates loans on bonds and mortgages at reasonable rates. He refers to real estate owners and operators, and is generally recognized as an unusually talented and successful real estate broker. Mr. Bernard Leonard was born in Ireland, and for the past ten years has resided in Washington. He is highly esteemed in the community, and his prospects in the near future are of the most favorable character. C F. Rothflichs, Postage Stamp Emporium, No. ?>h^\ Penns^'lvania Avenue, third store below Four-and-a-half Street, N. W. — To persons resident at a distance — and it is chiefly for such that this work is intended — it will be of interest for them, and especially for such of them as are concerned in the collection of curiosities in the line of postage stamps, etc., to know that Mr. C. F. Rothfnchs, of No. 359i Pennsylvania avenue, N. W., in this city, makes a specialty of dealing in all kinds of postage stamps for collections, embracing those of the United States and all foreign countries. This enter- prise was founded in this city a little over a year ago, and it has been attended by the most marked success. A store 20x70 feet in dimensions, taste- fully and neatly fitted up, is occujued for the busi- ness. The highest cash prices are paid for collec- tions of United States and foreign stamps, also de- partment stamps in large or small quantities, such as Executive, Agricultural, State, Navy, Interior, War, Justice, Post-office, and Treasury, used or un- used. Mr. Rothfuchs publishes a catalogue of the various stamps he has for sale. He has also for disposal Excelsior stamp albums. Youth's Compan- ion albums, Imperial stamp albums. International stamp albums, coats-of-arms, merchants' flags, por- traits of rulers, latest stamp catalogues, etc. Mr. Rothfuchs, being a collector of postage stamps and devoting his whole attention to the stamp trade, is prepared to furnish the wants of all collectors. Mr. Rothfuchs is a native of Germany, and since 1859 has been a collector and dealer in postage stamps. He is a wideawake business man, honor- able in all his transactions, and very highly es- teemed by all acquainted with him. Since he lo- cated here in 1880 his business has increased to such an extent that warrants him in making Wash- ington his permanent headquarters. E. S. Vellam, Dealer in Wood and. Coal, No. 519 Four-and-a-Half Street, S. W.— An im- portant house in tiiis trade is that of Mr. E. S. Vellam. This gentleman was born in Chicago, and spent the greater part of his life upon the plains of the Southwest in mining, cattle-raising, etc. Four years ago he came to reside in Wash- ington, and two years since be established his present business. His present pi-emises consist of a yard 80x120 feet in area, and it is equipped with the best appliances for the handling of stock and the fulfillment of orders. Supplies of wood and coal are received by the cargo and in carload lots direct from the producers, and a vast stock of an- thracite and bituminous coal of the finest qualities and adapted to domestic and manufacturing pur- poses is constantly kept on hand. Wood is split and sawed in any desired length, and the yard is provided with shedding, etc., for the storage of stock. Several teams are employed, and the utmost promptitude is shown in the fulfillment of all or- dei s at terms and prices such as to give perma- nent satisfaction. Thomas P. Simpson, Patent Lawyer, Office, No. 12 Federal Building. — Among the prominent and successful patent attorneys none stand higher than Mr. Thomas P. Simpson. This gentleman is a native of Montgomery county, Md., and comes from the old Walter Lenox family, who settled in Georgetown in 1795, Mr. Lenox being his grandfather. He graduated at Yale in 1847, and in 1850 was admitted to the District of Colum- bia bar, settling permanently in Washington in 1856 as a clerk in the Patent Office. In 1866 he established himself here as an attorney, making a specialty of patent law, and rapidly gained a leading position in his profession. No patent attorney has a better record before the office, or can obtain fairer treatment of his cases. His practice relates to the preparation of specifications and drawings, to the making out of caveats, assign- ments, reissues, designs, the registration of trade- marks, labels, and copyrights, while he is always prepared to attend to interference and appeal cases, to suits for infringement before the courts, and to making preliminary examinations as to the scope and validity of patents, and is thoroughly con- versant with the rules of practice observed at the Patent Office. James LiOckliead, Plumber and Gasfitter, No. 1404 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Among those who stand prominent as sanitary plumbers in the city is Mr. James Lockhead. This gentleman established his business here in 1870, and has become well and favorably known in the city and District as a plum- ber and gasfitter of high reputation and thorough skill. The premises occupied are large and com- modious, and are fully stocked with all kinds of plumbers', steam and gasfitters' supplies, gas-fixtures, chandeliers, pipes, and fittings of the latest designs and patterns. Sanitary plumbing is the specialty of this house, and patrons can rely upon the skill and ability with which all orders are filled. Every- thing in the line is promptly and carefully done, contracts are taken, and the complete fitting up of buildings of all kinds is satisfactorily executed. Employment is given to a competent force of skilled hands, and those securing the services of this house will be thoroughly satisfied with the thoroughness with which all work will be accomplished. Mr. Lockhead is a native of Scotland, and has resided here for some forty years. He served in the war in the Fifth Volunteer Infantry, of Washington. CITY OF WASHINGTON. "Whittlesey & Wrig-ht, United States and Foreign Patents, Trade-Marks, Labels, and Copy- rights Secured, Searches Made, etc., Nos. 622 and 624 F Street, N.W.— Messrs. Wliittlescy & Wright establislied themselves in practice here in 1885, and quickly stepped to the front rank in their profession. The members of the firm are Messrs. Geo. P. Whittlesey and D. Pratt Wright. Mr. Whittlesey is a native of Maine, and has resided in Washington since 1869. He was for several years a member of the examining corps of the Patent Office as first assistant examiner, and for nearly two years was assistant and acting examiner of interferences, in which latter capacity he consid- ered and determined a large number of contested cases involving intricate points of law and mechan- ics and relating to a great variety of inventions. He also frequently acted as law clerk to the com- missioner of patents, drawing up for him decisions on various points of office practice. Mr. Wright is a native of Indiana, and has resided in Washing- ton since 1855. He has had an experience of fifteen years as a mechanical engineer, and was for eight years connected wit lithe Erie railroad in t lie motive power department as machinist, draughtsman, loco- motive and car inspector, and assistant to the master mechanic, and has since been master mechanic of both the New York and New England and the Pan- ama railroads. He offers his services as consulting engineer to parties requiring advice on mechanical and engineering matters. From the personal ac- quaintance of this firm with patented and unpat- ented inventions, they are enabled to form a reason- ably correct opinion of the patentability of any invention submitted to their judgment, for which they make no charge. Specifications, drawings, and all necessary ])apers are prepared by the firm in a thorough, scientific, and satisfactory manner, and searches are made for ascertaining the scope and validity of patents, etc. Their facilities for obtaining patents and for giving all necessary coun- sel and advice to inventors are unexcelled. K. Klieessi & Son, Harness and Trunk Manufactory, No. 425 Seventh Street. — Special mem ion should be made of the well-known and enterprising firm of K. Kneessi &Son, manufactur- ers of harness, trunks, and kindred articles, and whose products maintain a uniformly high standard of excellence, being, in fact, first-class in every respect in design, workmanship, and durability, and, as a consequence, are in steady and extensive demand throughout the District of Columbia and envii'ons. '1 his fiourishing concern was started in 1861 by the present senior member, wiio conducted it alone up to four years ago, when he admitted into partnership his son, Christopher Kneessi, thus constituting the popular and prosperous firm whose name heads this sketch. Tlie premises occupied comprise a 35xl25-foot store, with wcll-eqnipped shop, several exj)ert workmen being employed, ten in all, including salesmen, and a heavy and A 1 stock is constantly carried, embracing harness in every style and variety, trunks of all kinds, valises,traveiing-bags,satcliels, sample cases, pocket- books, etc. Leather goods of every description are also made to order in the most pronqit and superior manner. Mr. Kneei-si,the elder, was born in Switz- erland, coming to the United States in 1851, and hasre-ided in Washington over twenty-five years, and tiie younger man is a native of this city. H. D. Cochran, Flour and Feed, Thirteenth Street and New York Avenue. — ^Vashington num- bers among her active and enterprising biisine.ss men many who are engaged in the flour and feed business, and among them special attention is called to H. D. Cochran, whose commodious, store is at the corner of Thirteenth street and New Y^ork avpnue, where he started three years ago, and through capable management he has succeeded in establishing a steady and lucrative trade. He has always on hand a large stock of fine family flour grain, hay, and feed, which he buys in large quan, titles, thus enabling him to sell at prices which defy successful competition; here also are to be had lime and plaster of the best qualities, which he exten- sively supplies to the building trade. The brands of flour which are offered for sale in this store are of the finest, being manufactured from the best fall and winter wheats in the market, and can be strictly guaranteed as to their purity and quality. Hay can be bougiit cut or by the bale, and grain in either large or small quantities, and are promptly deliv- ered to any place, an efficient stafl" of help being constantly employed. Mr. Cocliran, a Virginian by birth, is a young man about twenty-five years of age, full of business energy and enterprise, and is highly respected among those with whom he is acquainted. For convenience of city trade, he has telephone connection. Call 143-4. Theodore Christian!, Pharmacist, corner Seventh and M Streets, N. W. — A gem of a drug store and pharmacy is that owned and occupied by Mr. Theodore Christiani. This drug store was established in 1868 by the present proprietor, and is one of the finest and most attractive in this sec- tion of the city. The stock is large and carefully selected, comprising the purest and freshest drugs, all tiie standard proprietary medicines, and a fine assortment of toilet goods. The specialty of the business is in the accurate compounding of phy- sicians' prescriptions, for which the best drugs in the market are provided and the laboratory is under the personal supervision of the proprietor. A corps of clerks are in attendance and serve to make com- munication with tlie establishment both pleasant and j)rofitable by their courtesy and liberality. Mr. Christiani has resided here for the past twenty- five years and is recognized as an accomplished pharmacist. Chark^s Kattehnann, Watchmaker and Jeweler, No. 715 vSeventh Street, N. W. — Mr. Charles Kattelmann, watchmaker and jeweler, has for the last twenty years carried on this business. His line of jewelry consists of all kinds of gold, silver, and jet ornaments, neck-pins, ear-rings, bracelets, studs, cufl'-biUtons, chains of all kinds and patterns, gold-plated jewelry, fancy goods, and novelties of the newest designs. Mr. Kattelmann has had an experience of thirty-four years as a practical jeweler, andall workcomingfrom hishands affords the greatest satisfaction to his customers. Repairing of every description is done on the short- est notice, and prompt and strict attention is given to all orders confided to his care. He was born in Germany and came to this country in 1S52, locating himse'f in W^ashington, where in a short time lie made for himself the name of a skillful workman. Mr. Kattehnann is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., and also of the F. and A. M. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 89 Edwin Grladmoii, Ph.D., Manufacturing and Dispensing Pharmacist, Second and F Streets, X. W. — Each year the responsibiltiies tliat pertain to the preparation and dispensing of medicines are becoming better known and appreciated by tlie gen- eral public. They take a keen interest in the per- son who holds for them the scales of life and death. In this connection special mention should be made of Edwin Gladmon, Second and F streets, N. W. He has had the degree of doctor of pharmacy con- ferred upon liim by the National College of Phar- macy, is thoroughly versed in the art of dispensing medicines, and is always abreast of the times. He has acliieved a high reputation for the accuracy and skill with which he compounds prescriptions, as well as guaranteeing tlie purity and freshness of the drugs entering therein. Mr. Gladmon's pharmacy is an exceedingly handsome store-room, tastily fitted up, well stocked with every article in his line, including drugs, chemicals, soaps, brushes, perfum- ery, toilet articles, cigars, tobacco, and medicinal liquors. Obliging and courteous assistants are al ways in attendance, and the handsomest soda-foun- tain in his section, if not in the city, is in keeping with the balance of the store. Mr. Gladmon has added a manufacturing branch to his business, for the purpose of manufacturing domestic remedies. One of these preparations, Gladuion's cough rem- edy, has in two years attained a sale of over two thousand bottles. He earnestly requests those who have tried patent medicines in vain to give his remedy a trial. It is a non-secret preparation of wild cherry and tar. He proposes to make a full line of family remedies, and, judging by his past energetic, progressive business methods, the project is certain of success. Mr. Gladmon is a native of Virginia, and though still a young man, has made the most remarkable business success in his line our city has seen. Opening a new store less than four years ago, he has already made it the acknowl- edged headquarters of his business for his section of the city, his trade having nearly doubled itself every year. R. S. Cain, Undertaker, No. 1011 Seventh Street. — One of the best-managed houses in the undertaker business in tlie city is that of R. S. Cain. The premises consist of a store 20x60 feet in extent, neatly fitted up witli taseful furnishings. It contains a complete assortment of coffins, caskets, and funeral furnishings for the selection of cus- tomers. Mr. Cain among his equipments also has fine coaches to let, and all other necessary articles pertaining to funerals, which he supplies at the shortest notice and on the mo st favorable terms. He superintends the most iniposi ig funeral ceremonies, always performing his duties with grace and dignity, and never failing to render satisfactory services to his appreciative patrons. Orders are received both by day or night and are given immediate attention. Mr. Cain is an expert erabalmer, and guarantees perfect work in every case. He is a native of Frederick county, Md., has resided in AVasiiington for over a quarter of a century, established his present business house in 1883, and has met with de- served success. P. R. Wilson, Family Grocer, No. 934 Sev- enth Street, N. W. — This house was established here fifteen years ago, and lias been since conducted with marked ability and unvarying success. The store is large and commodious, and is filled to over- flowing with a choice stock of teas, coffees, spices flour, canned goods, sugars, syrups, butter, cheese and eggs, and all other staples appertaining to the trade. All goods are purchased direct from the producers, and are fresh, choice, and desirable. No house in the city tiiat deals in the miscellane- ous commodities of the grocery industry handles a higher standard of goods or sells at lower prices. Competent and courteous clerks and salesmen are in attendance, and prom[)t attention is given to all orders. Goods are delivered to all parts of the city. The proprietor, Mr. Wilson, is a native of Maryland. Julius Baumgarten, United States Gov- ernmental Seal Engraver, Die Sinker, and Stencil Cutter, No. 1222 Pennsylvania Avenue. — This gentleman, who is a native of Germany, founded his business in 1856 a short time after his arrival here, and the superiority of his productions has gained for him the contract for supplying the United States Govermental departments with most of the work required in his line. He has enjoyed peculiar advantages for perfecting himself in all the departments of his business, and his work is charac- terized by an originality and artistic beauty which readily commend it both to the connoisseur and the uninitiated. Mr. Baumgarten's business premises comprise a store and worksliop, 20x50 feet in dimensions, thoroughly fitted with all the facilities requisite for successful work. The salesroom con- tains a large stock of the finest goods in this line of trade, the assortment being complete in every respect. The proprietor is prepared at short notice to execute all kinds and styles of steel engraving, die sinking, and stencil cutting, and also supplies rubber stamps, rubber type, and markers of every variety. He employs a staff" of skilled assistants, and enjoys botli a wholesale and retail business, his trade extending to all parts of tlie District, Mary- land, and Virginia. Mr. Baumgarten may be safely commended as a thoroughly competent, fair dealing, and reliable gentleman. Georg-e T. Jacobs, Modelmaker, No. 632 F Street, corner Seventh, N. W. — One of the lead- ing and best-known exponents of this interesting art in Washington is Mr. George T, Jacobs, who enjoys a deservedly high reputation for reliability and skill, occupying a position in the front rank in his line in this city, while hispati'on- age extends all over the Ignited States. Mr. Jacobs, who is a native of the District, is a practical and expert workman with long and varied experi- ence in the exercise of his art, and is thoroughly conversant with every feature and detail of the same, being now a man of forty years old. He started in business on his own account in 1872, opening at Landsberg's place on Seventh street, where he remained up to 1876, when he moved into the present commodious quarters, and has since continued here with uninterrupted success. He executes a general line of work, making a specialty, however, of models for inventions in both wood and iron, and furnishes the same for patents, and also certified duplicates of patent models for court or other purposes. The shop is amply equipped in every respect with the most improved appurte- nances, several skillful and experienced hands being employed. 90 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Britton & Gray, Attorneys-at-Law, No. G24 F Street. — The oldest linn in practice before the General Land ( )ffice in Washington is that of Messrs. Britton ct Gray, whose practice was established in 1856. They liave made a leading specialty of titles of public lands during ail this period, and are probably better known in this connection through- out the country than any other firm. Asa member of the Public Land Commission Mr. Britton com- piled and edited the Public Land Laws, and is an accei>ted authority in this country and in Europe upon all questions relating thereto. Tiie firm are also prepared to attend to patent cases, including the preparation of specifications and drawings, the making of preliminary examinations and searches in the Patent Office, the making out and filing of caveats, assignments, reissues, designs, and of cases in interference or upon appeal before the courts; also to the securing of trade-marks, labels, and copy- rights, and to every other item of service necessary to the successful prosecution of the inventor's ap- plication up to the time the patent is granted and issued by the office. The firm have a large and successful practice before the I'nited States Supreme Court, and in every branch of practice as attorneys- at-law they are thoroughly prepared for prompt, efficient, and intelligent service in every capacity. The firm is composed of Messrs. A. T. Britton, H. J. Gray, and A. B. Browne, the latter gentleman being admitted to partnership in 1878. They are the representatives in Washington of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Kailroad, Atlantic and Pa- cific Railroad, Hastings and Dakota Railroad, and many other Western corporations. John T. Asliford, Cabinetmaker and Dealer in Furniture and Mattresses, No. 1004 Pennsylvania Avenue,N.W. — Oneof Washingtons bestknown and most accomplished cabinetmakers is Mr. John T. Ashford, of No. 1004 Pennsylvania avenue, N. W. He is also an extensive dealer in furniture and mattresses, making a leading specialty of packing, moving, and repairing of furniture of all kinds. Mr. Ashford established his business here in 1880, and rapidly built np a flourishing trade, extending throughout the District of Columbia and the States of Maryland ard Virginia. He has been a practical cabinetmaker for fifteen years, and by his great skill and talent in fine work has gained control of the best line of custom in the city. He occupies a fine, large salesroom and factory, covering an area of 20x125 feet, and carries a large and well-selected stock of furniture and mattresses of the finest quality, which speak for themselves and find a ready sale on their merits. He is furnishing the finest designs of furniture extant at the lowest prices, and makes promi)tly to order any style de- sired. He is always prepared to be prompt, success- ful, and satisfactory in all branches of his business, and will furnish estimates and designs when re- quired. His reputation as a first-class workman has been honestly won and is well deserved. Mr. Ashford is a native of Virginia, a resident here for thirty years, and known as a reliable business man and an accomplished master of his trade. John T. Arms, Real Estate, Insurance, and Loans, No. 810 F Street, Le Droit Building.— To buyers and sellers tlie real estate agent is of great service, especially if he enjoys the confidence of the public. Such an agent is Mr. John T. Arms. Since he established his enterprise at this location in 1873, Mr. Arms has been carrying on an excel- lent business in the lines above named, and he is to-day one of the most prominent and leading members of his profession in the District. Mr. Arms is a notary public, well versed in all the de- tails of his calling, and is carrying on a general business in buying, selling, exchanging, leasing, and letting property of all kinds, in collecting rents, taking entire charge of estates, and negoti- ating loans on bond and mortg;ige. He is also agent for the well-known I'ufihlo German Fire In- surance Company, of Bufialo, N. Y., one of the most responsible and leading institutions of the kind in the world, and etlects insurance on the most favorable terms in that and other reliable com- panies. Being perfectly acquainted with all mat- ters regarding the law of real estate and insurance, he can be consulted with confidence in respect thereof, while his lengthy experience has given him a thorough knowledge of present and prospec- tive values. Mr. Arms has long been a resident of the National Capital. His birthplace is New York. C. H. Hibbert & Co., Kid Glove Empor- ium, No. 941 Pennsylvania Avenue. — An establish- ment although but recently opened that has be- come popular in the community is the kid glove emi)orium of ^lessrs. C. H. Hibbert & Co. It is a great convenience, and as a specialty is made of kid gloves, the public is enabled to obtain those of the highest standard quality at prices much lower than can be obtained at those establishments com- bining them with other goods in their stocks. Messrs. Hibbert & Co. in their well-appointed store keep a full stock of all kinds, sizes, and qualities of kid gloves, and make a specialty of those of Leroux & Co., importers, of New Y'ork. In size the store is 25x80 feet. It is neatly and tastefully fitted up and contains the largest and best assortment of kid gloves to be found in the city. Mr. C. H. Hibbert, who has the entire management of the business, is a native of Massachusetts. He has had many years' practical experience in the glove business, and from the time he has been in AV'ashington, which dates from June of last year, he has met with a substantial success. West End Steam Laundry, No. 1753 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — The W^est End Steam Laundry was first opened in April, 1885, and has since been rapidly growing in popularity and j)rominence. Twenty-five hands are now em- jiloyed, and an immense business is constantly be- ing carried on. The jiremises occupied comprise a commodious building having two floors and a base- ment. The place is fully eijuipped with steam power and all the latest and most approved machin- ery used in carrying on a first-cluss laundry. A delivery wagon is kept constantly employed in the city and its suburbs, calling for and delivering work. The work is done very expeditiously, goods being done up and sent home in twenty-four hours. The house commands a first-class family trade, and its method of operation is comprised in the terms of promptness, cheapness, and the thorough per- formance of all work without injury to garments. The proprietor of this reliable establishment is Mr. Henry Wagner, who is a native of Washington, D. C. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 91 Professor Sheldon, Dancing Academy, No. 1004 F Street, N \V .t'apitolHilK'lass, Washington Hall, Third Street and I'ennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — There is nothing which adds more to the deport- ment and general carriage than a thorough knowl- edge of dancing, and no city in the country ofiers more excellent opportunities to those desiring to become accomplished in the terpsichorean art than the National Capital. Prominent among thedancing academies which sustain a high reputation, and place many important advantages to the credit of our people, are those conducted by Professor George T. Sheldon, who for the past forty years has been identified with the business which he so successfully represents. During the quarter of a century that he lias been established in this city he has taught thousands the beauties and graces of dancing, and he is to-day as popular and reliable as ever, receiving the jiatronage of the very best classes of society. He has two academies, one located at No. 1004 F street, N. W., and the other in Washington Hall, at the corner of Third street and Pennsylvania avenue, S. E. Both of these establishments are furnished and equij)ped in the handsomest and most thorough manner, and afford ample accommodations for from three hundred to four hundred pupils, a corps of experienced teachers is employed, and every atten- tion is paid to those under instruction. The course of instruction embraces dancing, deportment, eti- quette, grace, and all essentials for a debut in society, and the most perfect impartiality is observed. The charges are as low as consistent with strictly first- class service, while the genial, courteous, and gentle- manly disposition of the proprietor gives him the esteem of all who have had the pleasure of being under his artistic tuition. By addressing a note to the residence of Professor Sheldon, No. 919 Twelfth street, N. W., any information that maybe desired will be promptly and cheerfully furnished. Nathan Bickford, Solicitor of Claims and Patents, No. 914 F Street, N. W.— One of the most prominent houses engaged in this line of business is that of Mr. Nathan Bickford, which was estab- lished by him in 1880. Mr. Bickford is well known as a gentleman of great executive ability, persever- ance, and high character, consequently his services are in constant demand. He has also had great ex- perience, and ispeculiarly fitted to bring the interests of his clients to a successful conclusion, and has al- ready acted in hundreds of cases. He is fully con- versant wilh all laws governing the allowance of claims and patents, and is prepared to promptly pronounce an opinion as to the prospects of claim- ants and inventors, and the lowest rates at which the desirable results can be obtained. His clientage extends all over the United States. Mr. Bickford was born in New Hampshire but has resided in the District for many years. His fees are the lowest consistent with efficii'iit service, and those who in- trust their cases to him will find that he conducts his business on the most equitable principles. Daniel Shanahan, Dealer in Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., No. 1919 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — A representative house in the line of paints, oils, and glass is that of Mr. Daniel Shanahan, which was founded in 1864, and has long been a popular source of supply for general painters' sup- plies. The store is large and commodious, 20x80 feet in dimensions, and every facility is possessed. The stock of goods is large and complete, received from the best and most reliable sources of supply in the country, and sold at prices which are safe from successful competition. '1 he trade is large and first-class throughout tlie city and suburbs, both wholesale and retail, goods are delivered to any part of the city free of charge, and all orders are promptly and carefully filled. Mr. Shanahan has resided here for some thir y years and is known as a reliable merchant and successful business man. He was appointed by President (irant agent for the Flathead and other confederated tribes of Indians in Montana, in 1872, and remained in that position until the close of 1874. During this period Mr. Shanahan was not interested in business in this city. Joseph C . Lee ( formerly of Henry Lee's Sons ), Undertaker, No. 325 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. — The advance made in all that pertains to obsequies and interments during the past quarter of a cen- tury is one of the features of the times, the calling of the undertaker being raised to the dignity of a regular profession. Among the best known and most popular establishments in the undertaking- line in Washington may be named that of Joseph C. Lee (formerly of Henry Lee's Sons), located at No. 325 Pennsylvania avenue, which is one of the oldest and most prosperous concerns of the kind in the city, having been in continuous and successful existence during a period extending over thirty-seven years. This flourishing business was established in 1850 by Henry Lee, who conducted it up to 1870, when the style changed to Henry Lee's Sons (Henry and Joseph C. and John W.Lee), and as such it was carried on until 1883. He occupies commodious and well-equipjied quarters, carrying on hand every appliance and appurtenance comprised in funeral requisites and equipments, and is assisted by three efficient and competent liands. Undertaking in all its branches is attended to in the most excellent and satisfactory manner, remains are prepared for burial, interments procured, and funerals directed, while all orders by telephone (call 326) or other- wise, night or day, receive immediate attention. Mr. Lee is a gentleman of courteous manners and strict integrity, as well as sound judgement and ability in his line, and fully merits the large measure of public favor and recognition he receives. James Fraser, Dealer in Wood and Coal, No. 617 G Street, N. W.— One of the oldest and best known houses connected with the coal and wood trade of Washington is that of Mr. James Fraser. This substantial enterprise was commenced twenty-three years ago, and from the start its ener- gies have been guided by the present proprietor. The yard, which is 100 feet square, is carefully arranged and provided with every available facility, a feature of importance being that all the coal and wood is kept under cover. The supjjly of coal kept on hand is very heavy and embraces all desirable grades for domestic and manufacturing purposes, while the stock of wood includes all the different varieties demanded by the local trade. The wood is sawed and split by steam, the wishes of patrons being always consulted in regard to length. Free delivery is made over the city and orders are ful- filled with great promptitude. Mr. Fraser is a na- tive of the District of Columbia, and one of the most efficient agents identified with the commercial progress of the city. 92 CITY OF WASHINGTON. H. L,. Pelouze & Son, The Old Reliable Type F'oundrv and Printers' 8u[)ply Depot, Xos. j 314 and 316 Eighth Street, N. \V.— Messrs. 11. L. \ Pelouze & Son, of Richmond, Va., operate one of i the most prominent and substantial establishments of this kind in the Union, and for more than a quarter of a century a multitude of the most ele- gant specimens of typographic art have owed much of their beauty to the superior excellence of their goods. This extensive concern was founded in 18(10, and ill 1874, the better to handle its large and in- creasing volume of trade, the Washington branch was opened under the management of Mr. II. F. Pelouze, a member of the firm. A very heavy de- mand is now supplied from this point, and the con- cern may, therefore, with propriety, be classed as a local enterprise. The jiremises occupied comprise an entire lioor 25x90 feet in dimensions. Ample room is thus afforded for the storage and convenient handling of goods, and every facility is possessed. An immense stock is carried of type of every size and style, suitable for every imaginable description of printing, and the goods come up to the highest standard of quality, fully equal to the best in every •respect. The composition of the type and the pro- cesses employed in the manufacture are such as impart the essential features of strengtli and tough- ness, and we have in mind instances where the type of this iirm has for a considerable period been sub- jected to the most violent and unusual treatment without appreciable injury to its body or face. Orders of any magnitude are ])romptly tilled at the lowest prices that can be atibrded for tirst-class and special wants, such as new dresses for newspapers, etc., which are executed at the foundry in the most reliable and satisfactory manner. Printers' supplies of all kinds are handled in great abundance and variety, and specialties are made of the " Prouty power presses," " Universal job presses," " Paragon paper cutters," " Mustang mailers," *' Levy's print- ing inks," and second-hand machinery of every description. Mr. Pelouze is energetic and judicious in his management, responsible and trustworthy in all his transactions, and the house which he repre- sents is submitted :is one which enjoys the entire confidence of the trade. W. Breuiiinger, Practical Watchmaker and Manufacturing .Jeweler, No. 929 Pennsylvania Ave- nue, N. W. — The jewelry establishment of Mr. W. Breuninger was first opened to the public in 1870 by tliis gentleman, who is fully appreciated in his endeavors to meet the demands of the public in his line in a satisfactory manner. The well-ap- pointed store is 25x80 feet in dimensions, and with the handsome plate-glass show-cases and ornamen- tal counters forms one of the features of the great thoroughfare on which it is located. A large stock of all kinds of new style, fashionable jewelry, to- gether with gold and silver watches, etc., is always displayed in great profusion and variety. As a manufacturing jeweler and diamond-setter Mr. Breuninger has a wide reputation. He also gives his attention to watchmaking and to the production of all kinds of jewelry, emblems, marks, badges, etc., and also to making repairs and to all work in his special line of traile. Mr. Breuninger, who was born in Germany, came to this country many years ago. He has lived in Washington since 1865, has been in business since 1861, and is a member of the Jewelers' Alliance, of New York. Geo A. Scott, Dealer in Cigars, Tobacco, Show-Cases, etc.. No. 80U I) Street, N. W.— A prominent house engaged in the manufacture of artistic show-cases of every description is that of ^Ir. George A. Scott. This gentleman was born in tills city tifty-five years ago, and in 1875 he started at his present address the business of selling cigars, tobacco, etc. Subsequently he added to this enter- prise the business of dealing in show-cases of all kinds, and he has constantly on hand a large assort- ment of German silver, celluloid, and wood show- cases of the latest designs and patterns. These show-cases are suitable for stores of every descrip- tion. Mr. Scott is also the general agent for the Putz- pomade, which is sold in ten and twenty-five cent boxes, and wliich is useful in the household, in the store, in the workshop, and in every place where metal work is to be kept bright. Try it for show- cases, andirons, silverware, harness trimmings, scales, musical instruments, stove trimmings, door handles, and any kind of metal work. It contains neither acid nor grit, and dealers all over the v/orld are authorized to refund the price to every dis- satisfied buyer, yet out of fifty million bo.xes sold, the proprietors know of not one having been returned. In Germany Putz-pomade is a house- hold word, it being considered indispensaiile in every family. Putz-pomade was first manufactured in Germany in 1878, the first year's production being about fifty thousand boxes, but so rapidly did its fame extend tiiat in four years the sales exceeded fifty million, the German army using four million boxes. In the United States the first ten months' sales exceeded one million, and the sales are now over ten million. In Europe there have been forty imitations, now there are none. In this country many are already in the market, but if buyers will see that the trade-mark and the name of Adalbert Vogt & Co. are on the cover they will not be deceived. Chr. Ruppert, Importer and Dealer in Toys and Fancy Goods, Nos. 403 and 405 Seventh Street. — There is no store in the city like Rup- pert's. There wasn't much of it when the enter- prising proprietor started it in 1858, but to-day it takes in two large stores, covering an area of 50x5-5 feet. It is a bazaar and a fancy goods emporium combined. For toys, fancy good.s, and novelties of various kinds we commend our readers to visit Ruppert's. Of French toys, German toNs, Yankee toys, toys for girls, and toys for l)oys, there is an im- mense assortment. Then there are books and games, bric-a-brac of every descriptif)n, ornaments, articles of vertu ivory and leatiicr goods, fans, pocket books, brass goods, such as oinamenlal fire sets, umbrella stands, etc. Then there is the dis- play of thepractical and serviceable, including fine merino cloaks, infants' lace caps, embroidei-ed slip- pers, zephyrs, worsted, and other ladies' goods, while in the line of novelties we must not forget to mention the admirable collection of sporting goods, athletic goods, and willow-ware. Mr. Rup- pert makes a trip to P^urojie at stated intervals to secure the latest productions from England, (ier- many, and France, and always gets the best. Twenty clerks and salesmen are employed in the store. Mr. Ruppert is a native of Saxony, Ger- many, and an important factor in building up the name and fame of Washington as a centre of trade and commerce. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 93 Central National Rank, Seventh and Louisiana Avenue. — This is one of llie strongest and most jjopulur banks in this city, and was first incor porated in 1875 as the Bank of tlie Metropolis, and reorganized under itspresentname April 1 / th, 1887. It has a capital stock of $10U,0U0, and is officered as follows, viz.: President, Samuel Norment; vice- president, J. L. Barbour; cashier, J. A. Kutf; directors, Samuel Norment, J. L. Barbour, Jesse Ergord, Wm. B. Webb, H. Browning, B. Charlton, Wni. E. Clark, O. T. Thompson, C A. Beavans, Levi Woodbury. This bank receives deposits, negotiates loans, makes collections, discounts com- mercial paper, and engages in all the transactions pertaining to a general banking business. It is the resort of a long list of depositors, embracing lead- ing men in all lines of mercantile and industrial enterprise. Its founders were men who had the rare foresight to recognize the possibilities of such an institution, and who laid the foundations snf ficiently strong and deep to bear anysuperstructure that time, experience, and wealth might rear. By wise and conservative management a surplus of $40,000 has been accumulated, and the undivided profits amount to .fi6,000. Its principal correspond- ents are the Hanover National, tlie Continental National, the Mercantile National, and the Ninth National, of New York; the Independence National and the Union National, of Philadelphia, and the Citizens' National and Drovers' and Mechanics', of Baltimore. Its executive officers are gentlemen with whom it is always a pleasure to do business. Prompt, obliging, and efficient in all their dealings with the public, they are naturally popular. Mr. Norment, the president, is a leading capitalist of this city and of wide experience and high repu- tation as a successful financier. The cashier, Mr. Ruff, is a gentleman noted for his dispatch, his keen perception, and reliable judgment. Tlie vice- president is a well-known wholesale grocer, while the board of directors comprises much of the solid business element of the city. George F.. Harbin, Dry Goods, No. 319 Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — The well-established and progressive house of Mr. (reorge F. Harbin occupies a leading position in the dry goods trade of the city. It was founded fifteen years ago by the present proprietor, and for the last eight years has occupied the eligible premises in wiiich the business is now carried on and which consist of a spacious and finely arranged store 25x75 feet in dimensions. The stock handled is of the most comprehensive and diversified character, embrac- ing dry goods, silks, velvets, and dress goods, ladies' and gents' furnishings, hosiery, notions, trimmings, fancy goods, laces, embroideries, and all the multi- plied specialties usually foiuid in an e4ablishment of this kind. The goods, both domestic and im- ported, are carefully selected from tiie standard productions of the best manufacturers, and the as- sortment in all lines is always full and complete, exliihiting all the latest and freshest fashions and novelties. Experienced and courteous assistants are always in attendance. The business is exclu- sively retail and the establishment is a favorite resort for the ladies, who secure bargains it would be extremely difficult to duplicate elsewhere. Mr. Harbin is a native of Maryland, came to this city thirty years ago, and has always borne an enviable reputation. B. H. Robertson, Real Estate and Insur- ance, No. 1515 W Street, N. W. — The real estate and insurance interests of the District of Columbia present no more worthy or excellent representa- tive than the enterprising and popular gentleman whose name heada this sketch, none engaged in this line in Washington or environs sustaining a higher reputation for sound judgment and relia- bility. Mr. Robertson, who is a Virginian bv birth, established himself in business here in 1877, and has rapidly pushed his way to prominence and prosperity, well deserved, numbering now among his extensive clientele many of the solid and wealthy citizens throughout the city and suburbs. He transacts a general line of real estate and in- surance business, buying, selling, and exchanging houses, farms, and lots, negotiates loans, and at- tends to the collection of rents and the letting of houses — in short, everything pertaining to the handling and transfer of realty — and is accounted one of the bestjudges of the present and prospect- ive values of both imjJ roved and unimproved prop- erty in the District. He also represents some of the leading and most stable insurance companies in the country, among others the Niagara Fire Insur- ance Company, of New York ; American Central Fire Insurance Company, of St. Louis ; Mercantile Fire and Marine Insurance Company, of Boston; Norwich Union, of Elngland; German American, of New York; City of London, of England; Fire Association, of Philadelphia; London Assurance Corporation, of London, and is special agent for the Equitable Life Insurance Society, of New York. The office, which is desirably situated at No. 1515 II street, corner of Vermont avenue, is handsome andcommodiotis, and connected by tele- phone (call 986-3), two capable and efficient clerks being employed, and altogether a large and flour- ishing business is transacted. Georg-e W. Wise, Furnishing Undertaker, No. 2900 Bridge Street, Georgetown. — The under- taking establishment of Mr. George W. Wise is one of the largest, most popular, and best -conducted in Georgetown. It was founded eight years ago by the present proprietor, who brought to it a long experience in the same line of business. A finished knowledge of all the delicate duties pertaining to the industry, a command of all the facilities and conveniences for efficient service, and an intelli- gent regard for all the requirements of the business, combine to makefile position of Mr. George W. Wise a valuable and important one. The premises used comprise a store 25x60 feet in dimensions, and here is displayed a complete assortment of coffins, caskets, metallic burial-cases, and funeral goods of every description. Mr. Wise is an cm- balmer of long experience and is a graduate of the National College of Embalming. He takes full charge of funerals, furnishing everything requisite, and conducting all the details in the most careful and considerate manner. He has elegant Ik arses, handsome carriages, and all the necessary accesso- ries, and his actions in the discharge of his trusts are marked bv propriety and decorum. Mr. \\'ise is a native of Ohio, and during the war he served in the Third Independent Battery. He is a mem- ber of the Garfield Post of the G. A. R., and also a member of the Odd Fellows, the Independent Order of Red Men, and the Independent Order of Mechanics. 94 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Geo. Kyneal, Jr., Window and Plate Glass, Lamp Goods, Painters' and Artists' Materials, ISo. 418 (Seventh Street, N. W. — The leading source of supply in Washington for paints, oils, glass, and kindred goods is the extensive establishment of Mr. Geo. Kyneal, Jr., at No. 418 Seventh street, N. W. This gentleman lias a national reputation as the manufacturer of " Kyneal's Royal Security Oil," acknowledged everywheie as tlie best in use, and also as a wholesale and retail dealer in paints, oils, window and plate glass, lamp goods, wax flowers, and artists' materials, white lead, zinc, spirits of tur- pentine, linseed and machinery and coal oils, benzine, alcohol, varnishers, brushes, colors, lamps, chande- liers, etc. He established his business here in 1860, and has long been recognized as an import- ant factor in the development and growth of the commerce of the city. He occuj)ies for trade pur- poses a four-story building 30x1 00 feet in dimensions, which is one of the finest business structures on this busy thoroughfare, elaborate and elegant in all its interior appointments, and stocked to repletion at all times with the best goods in every branch of the trade. The factory and works of Mr. Kyneal are in Baltimore, situated on Lombard street, and comprise a three-story building 25x70 feet in dimensions, fitted up with every appliance and all the latest im- proved a{)paratu3 know to the trade. The product is absolutely unsurpassed in the United States for pur- ity, quality, and general excellence. A widespread trade has been built up, extending to all parts of the Union and to many foreign countries. The oil bear- ing the name and stamp of this house may be said to have no competitor in the trade. Itsells itself, and is preferred over all substitutes wherever introduced. For high standard paints, oils, and varnishes, for the best glass, the finest artists' materials, and the most elegant and novel lamp goods, we commend this es- tablishment to the trade and consumers everywhere as offering the rarest inducements both in excellence of stock and economy of prices. Mr. Ryneal is a native of this city, and one of its most enterjirising, wide-awake, and popular merchants. He supplies the Goverment departments in his line, and his suc- cess lias been won by honorable, reliable, and pro- gressive business methods. New York Butter House, Morgan Pen- nybacker, Proprietor, No. 928 Louisiana Avenue. — One of the most reputable houses in its special line of trade in the city of Washingt.ni is tlie New York Butter House of Mr. Morgan Pennybacker, located at No. 928 Louisiana avenue. This house deals extensively in butter, cheese, and eggs, canned goods, poultry, vegetables, and general farm pro- ducts at both wholesale and retail, and makes a leading specialty of creamery butter. The business was founded here twenty-five years ago by Messrs. M. J. Owens mmo(!a- tions to care for upward of thirty head of stock at a time Horses of all kinds are kept constantly on hand for pnrchase or exchange, an efficient staff of handsbeing inregular service, everything beingun- der the close personal sui ervision of the proprietor, and all sales and transactions effectedhere can be re- lied upon implicitly, horses being guaranteed as rep- resented in every instance. Mr. Simmons is a native of England, ancl a resident of Wash'ngton over a quaiter of a century. CITY OF WASHINGTON. E. C. Seward, Solicitor of Patents, Counsel in Patent Causes, No. 914 F Street, X. W.— Mr. E. C. Seward is a gentleman well calculated for t!ie high- est success as a solicitor of patents and counsel iu patent cases. Pie has been connected in a respon- sible position with Mr. II. A. Seymour, the well- known patent attorney of this city, for the past four years, retiring from tliat position in September last to engage in practice for himself. He has shown a natural aptitude for patent practice, and possesses the requisite talent, determination, and energy to win the highest success. Mr. Seymour writes Iiim that " if ability, faitlifuiness, and a liigh order of work are appreciated and rewarded, as doubtless they will be, abundant success is in store for you." Gen. M. 1). Leggett, a former Commis- sioner of Patents, who is associated witii Mr. Sey- mour i.i ))atent cases of large importance, writes Mr. Seward that " your thorough preparation in scliolarsiiip and reading, and your long experience with Mr. Seymo ir and ourselves, and your con- scientious and laborious etibrts to always do every- thing just right, should secure you a large and thriving business, and 1 liave no doubt will do so." These testimonials go to show the character of the man and foreshadow his career. Mr. Seward is prepared to make a careful and thorough prelimi- nary examination to ascertain the patentability of the invention, and, if found to be novel and patent- able, making the necessary application with skill, care, and judgment, and prosecuting the same with vigor, fidelity, and thoroughness. He will also give special attention to rejected cases, make out and file caveats, assignments, attend to cases in interference or upon appeal, and attend to reissues, designs, trade-marks, labels, and copyrights. In cases of infringement, or where an individual or firm is desirous of knowing the validity of a ])atent which they hold or think of purchasing, lie mades an ex- haustive search througho' it American and foreign patents, rendering an opinion based upon the re- sults of such search. Mr. Seward is a native of Con- necticut. Jackson & Co., "W" holesale and Eetail Gro- cers, No. 626 Pennsylvania Aveime. — A represent- ative house in the wholesale and retail grocery trade in Washington is that of the firm of Jackson &Co.. which dates its inceittion from 1837. It was founded by B. L. Jackson & Pro., anci in 1852 the firm name was changed to Jackson, Jiro. «& Co., and in ISSO to Jackson t<: Co., the copartners being y^m.. II. McElfresh and W'ni. L. Senfi'erle, who were both born and brought up in Washington, Mr. McElfresh having been coiniectcd with this house for twenty-two years. The establishment is made conspicuous not only by its being one of the largest and most popular in the District, but also from the many years it has been in existence, and the sujjcrior advantages which it offers to patrons in the way of superior goods at moderate prices, that cannot be sin'passed by any other lumse. A glatice through this well-onlered establishment re veals a tiioroughly organized business and a full and complete stock, embracing everytiiing in the line of choice, staple, and fancy groceries, togetlier with pure imported and domestic wines, brandies, cigars, etc., a specialty being made of the finest China, Janan. and India leas, and fragrant cofiees, fruits, table delicacie-;, rondiments, etc. In dimen sioiis the store is 23x125 feet, and is complete and perfect in all departments. Both members of the firm are favorably known in tlie community, and as merchants and citizens are held in high estimation. A large trade derived from the District and tiie ad- jacent sections of country is enjoyed, and tliree de- livery wagons are kept constantly employed deliv- ering goods to the depots, families, and the trade in the city. Georg-e M. Schaefer, Paperhanger and Upholsterer, No. ITO'J Pennsylvania Avenue, near Seventeenth vStreet. — Mr. Schaefer made his mark as an artistic general interior decorator and per- formed work in hundreds of the best residences of the capital. Thirty years ago he came to this city from his native country, Germany, and in 1865, in com- pany with a Mr. Kaufiman, he established business here. In 1867 Mr. Kaufiman retired from the firm and Mr. Schaefer died in 1885, and the business has since been conducted by his widow. Thecommodious store occupied, 20x60 feet in size, is filled with an extensive assortment of paperhangings containing all the new ideas and latest styles in [tlain and or- namental wall-paper, in rich colors andcombinations of shades, tints, and gold, also ceiling paper, centre- pieces, and panels, dado, tile, and frieze paper in modern and antique styles, also English tapestry and Japanese designs; window-shades are also kept in profuse variety, picture cord, shade fixtures, cor- nice bands, and loops. Three hands are employed by INIrs. Schaefer, J. F. Magee being foreman, and paperhanglug and general interior decorating are performed to order in the most artistic and tasteful styles. Store shades are made and lettered to order, estimates are furnished on application, and general satisfaction is guaranteed with all work performed. Mrs. Schaefer is a business women highly esteemed in social and business circles. Paul Reinlein, Pharmacist, Ninth and P Streets and Ninth and U Streets, N. W. — Prominent among the reliable pharmacists of the city of Wash- ington is Mr. Paul Reinlein, who holds a first place in the profession. This gentleman established his business here ten years ago, first starting at the corner of Ninth and P streets, wlierehesoon built up a large run of popular custom. Three year? ago, finding his business had increased so largely, he opened a second store at the junction of Ninth and U streets, and his new venture also proved a success. Both stores are m-idels of taste and attractiveness, being fitted up in handsome style. Each is well stocked with a choice, well-selected assortment of piu-e drugs and fresh medicines, [)harmaceutic:d ]ireparations, and all the proprietary medicines of known merit, together with all kinds of toilet goods and all those articles used by physicians in tlieir practice. Mr. Reinlein, who is a native of Ohio, has for forty years been actively engaged in the drug trade and understands it perfectly. He is a member of the American Pliarmaceutical Association and makes a specialty of the practice of pliarmacv. He employs nonebutskilleda-sistants, and at all hours of the day and night compounds jihysicians' jirescriptions and family reci)ies in a skillftd and accurate manner, using only the bestdrugs. Another s|)ecial feature of his establishments is the fine stock of cigars which he at all times keeps on hand. The assortment in- cludes the choicest imported and domestic brands. He is a gentleman who has a wide circle of fritnds and jiatrous and is esteemed by all who know him. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 99 Weller Si, Repetti, Keal Estate Oifice, No. 326 Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — Among VVash- ington's most active anil enterprising real estate and insurance agents must be named Messrs. AVeller & Repetti, whose office is located at No. 326 Pennsyl- vania avenue. Both the partners, Messrs. M. J. Weller and G. R. Repetti, have liad a long and useful career, Mr. Repetti being the president of the District Real Estate Investment Association, an organization they started some eighteen months ago, which has proven to be one of the most suc- cessful and lucrative enterprises ever undertaken, it be' ig a stock company, having started witli but a limited amount of capital, and at tiie present time its assets amount to many thousands. Tliey were formerly engaged together as manufacturers of and wholesale dealers in cigars for a period of sixteen years. In tlie summer of 1886 they abandoned the cigar trade and started business as general real es- tate and insurance agents. Thus far they have met with the most marked and encouraging suc- cess, and this augurs well for future achievements. They have a neatly and well fitted up office, which is connected by telephone, the call being 781-4. The firiii buy, sell, exchange, and let properties of all kinds, collect rents, negotiate loans, undertake management of estates for absentee owners, and they effijct insurance to any amount in all the lead- ing, standi insurance companies in the world, and are prompt and efficient as general agents. They conduct their business upon fixed principles, which have materially contributed to gain for them the confidence and support of the public. Mr. Weller is a native of England and Mr. Repetti was born in Washington, and both are members of the Cath- olic Knights of America. "W. Gr. Metzerott & Co., Dealers in Music and Musical Merchandise, No. 9U3 Pennsylvania Avenue. — ^The well-known and deservedly popular establishment of W. G. Metzerott & Co., dealers in music and musical merchandise, is by common con- sent the leading and mostreliable concern devoted to this interesting branch of mercantile activity in Washington, as well as the oldest and best equipped in the city, having been in continuous and successful existence over thirty-five years. This well and favorably known house was founded in 1851, and since tlien has been continued with uninter- rupted success, still trading under the original firm name, which is regarde 1 as something akin to a well- established trade-mark in the music trade in this section of the country. The premises occupied com- prise a 30x80-foot store, taking in the entire second story of the New Central Building, neatly fitted up and admirably kept, and the largest in the city de- voted to this line. He carrtes a heavy and A 1 stock, including musical instruments of all kinds, sheet music, pianos and organs, music books, small wares, fancy articles, and general musical merchan- dise, while the firm are sole agents for Chickering <& Sons, Ilardraan, Haines Brothers, James & Holms- trom, and other pianos, and Clougli & Warren and other organs, special attention being paid to tuning and repairing instruments, and ail orders are promptly attended to. Twelve capable and efficient assistants are employed, no pains being spared to render the fullest satisfaction in every instance to customers, the trade extending all over the District of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland, and surrounding States. Chas. J. Magrill, Wholesale Fruit and Pro- duce Dealer, No. 923 B Street, N. W.— The fruit and produce trade of Washington is so increasingly extensive, and bears such an important relation to the sum total of tiie city's commercial transactions, that it presents a most inviting field for the invest- ment of capital and the exercise of the highest order of business talent. Accordingly we find the industry most ably represented, and prominent among those so engaged is Mr. Chas. J. Magi 11, who for tlie past thirteen years has prosecuted a growing and pros- perous trade, and gained for his establishment a place among tlie most substantial and infiuential mercantile institutions of the city. The building occupied at No. 923 B street, N. W., coverstwofioors, each 20x80 feet in dimensions, the whole of which space is required for the convenient storage of the heavy stock constantly carried to meet the current demands of customers. Mr. Magill deals largely at wholesale in foreign and domestic fruits, vegetables, and general farm products, and receives regular consignments in car lots. A specialty is made of Norfolk produce, but goods reach tlie house from all parts of the country. Every effort is made to maintain a high standard of quality in the mer- chandise handled, and Vjy which a first-class trade is retained. All orders are promptly filled, and patrons always receive the benefit of the lowest ))rices. Mr. Magill also handles consignments on commission, and owing to his close observation of the changing conditions of the market and the ex- ceptional facilities he possesses, is enabled to efiTect the most advantageous sales in every case. The concern is in every way reliable and responsible, and altogether one of the most desirable in Wash- ington in its line with which to communicate. Mr. Magill is a native of Baltimore, has resided in this city since 1873, and has always borne a most ex- cellent reputation as a man who holds, in all of his transactions, to principles of commercial integrity. C. W. H. Brown, Mechanical Draughtsman, No. 639 F Street, N. W.— Mr. C. W. H. Brown, mechanical draughtsman, is by common consent one of the leading and best-equipped exponents of the art in this city, practically and thoroughly con- versant with every branch of mechanical drawing, and of which no better criterion need be offered than the following list of names, to which he refers by permission: Wallace A. Bartlett, Washington, D.C.; Howell Bartle, Washington, D.C.; Wright & Brown, No. 31 Peraberton square, Boston, ]\Iass. ; J. G. Perry, Wakefield, R. I.; Andrew Burgess, New York city; Stout & Underwood, Milwaukee, Wis.; A. H. Spencer, No. 28 State street, Boston, Mass. As a matter of information to solicitors of patents it may be stated that Mr. Brown is prepared to make at short notice all classes of mechanical drawings and copies or corrections of drawings that may be re- quired by the Patent Office, solicitors, or inventors, and to make preliminary examinations and searches of titles and assignments, promptness being a specialty, while the charges are always extremely moderate. Mr. Brown, who is a native of Maine, graduated from the i\Iaine State College as a mechanical engineer, and has resided in Washing- ton since 1876, embarking in business on his own account about four years ago. He occupies ample and well-ordsred offices, and executes all work in the most superior and expert manner, furnishing designs and estimates promptly upon application. 100 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Francis B. Mohan, Keal Eastate and Loans, No. lool F Street, N. \V. — The record of the leading members of Washington's real estate circles is one of a tlioroughly honorable and creditable character, and the steady increase in values and in popularity shows what an important financial interest District of Columbia realty has become. For these reasons it is a matter of great interest to the general public to obtain accurate facts in regard to the representative brokers of this city. Prominent among the number is Mr. Francis B. Mohun, of No. 1331 F street, N. W., who established this busines in 18S4, and during the intervening period has developed an extensive trade and a widespread connection, including among his permanent patrons many of our leading capitalists and investors. Mr. Mohun is a recognized authority in regard to values of residential, business, and suburban property, and has brought to a suc- cessful issue m:iny very important transactions, and intending investors who rely upon his sound judg- ment and judicious advice in purchasing property will secure not only a steady income, but likewise a prospective increase of value. Mr. Mohuti has made a specialty of negotiating loans on bond and mortgage, and is very po|)ular with those property owners in need of financial assistance. Both in the line of city and suburban property he enjoys facili- ties for the purchase, sale, and renting of all descrip- tion of houses, flats, and business realty, and those in search of something that will suit them are sure to find it in the large variety ofl^ered by him from which to select, and which represent values to suit every investor. Mr. Mohun was born in this city, lie is secretary of the Riggs Fire Insurance Com- pany, also secretary of the Emergency Hospital, both of this city. His methods are straightforward and honorable, and the volume of his business is steadily increasing. Fred. Gheen, Brighton Market, No. 1928 Pennsylvania Avenue. — A leading headquarters for meats, provisions, and produce in the city of Wash- ington is the Brighton Market, under the proprie- torship of Mr. Fred. Gheen. This enterprise was established here in 1SS2, and lias since been con- ducted with steadily increasing success. The prem- ises occupied are large and commodious, and fitted up with refrigerators for keeping the stock fresh and sweet. Mr. Gheen deals in the best qualities of stall-fed beef. Southdown mutton, Philadelphia poultry and butter, oysters and game in season, etc., also the earliest vegetables in their season, and all kinds of country produce fresh from the pro- ducer. All the details of the business are conducted under the personal supervision of Mr. Gheen, assisted by several clerks and salesmen. He fur- nislies patrons with as good a quality of the above- named goods as can be procured in the market, and always at fair prices. Mr. Gheen is a native of the District, and very successful in meeting all the de- mands made upon him. J. Reliwold, Railroad Ticket Broker, No. 407 Pennsylvania Avenue. — A gentleman in Wash- ington who is prominently engaged as a railroad ticket broker is Mr. J. Rehwold, of No. 467 Penn- sylvania avenue. He founded his business in 187o Mud has since been carrying on large operations in buying, selling, and exchanging tickets to all points e.i~t, west, south, or north. He giarantees all tickets and cheerfully furnishes all required infor- mation. Mr. Rehwold is a native ot Cincinnati, Ohio, has lived in Washington eleven years, is a gentleman of honcjr and ability, and is held in high esteem by his numerous friei:ds. Brill & Hayrten, Tinning and Plumbing, Gasfitting and Stove Repairing, No. 308 Pennsyl- vania Avenue, N. W. — The house of Messrs. Brill & Haydeu is a leading one in this line of trade. It was founded in 1870 by Mr. W. G. Parkinson, who was succeeded by the present firm in 1880. The premises occupied comprise a store and workshop, well adapted in every way for trade purposes, and provided with every modern appliance for facilitat- ing the work in hand. Both members of the firm are practical plumbers, gas and steam fitters, and are prepared to execute work of all kinds pertain- i^iig thereto, as well as tinning and stove repairing in all its branches. A competent force of skilled workmen is constantly employed, and, as all work is performed under the personal supervision of the firm, those who intrust their orders to this house may be assured of prompt attention and efficient and satisfactory work. A full line of plumbing materials is kept on hand, including bath-tubs, water-closets, wash-basins, brass cocks and fixtures, lead and iron pipe, etc. Estimates are promptly furnished. The firm is composed of Messrs. Charles i Brill and R. B. Hayden, both of whom have had : twent}' years' experience in their business. Le^T Curry, Agent, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Brass and Copper Wire, Copper Cable Lightning Rods, Wire Cloth, and Wire Goods of every description. No. 521 Seventh Street, N. W. — Although a comparatively new enterprise, having been started September 1st, 1886, the large measure of public favor and prosperity that has from its in- ception attended the eflbrts of Mr. Curry (who en- joys the distinction of being the only one engaged in this useful and interesting sphere of activity in the District) abundantly attests the excellence of his work, as well as the f:>ct that this flourishing concern supplies a want hitherto felt in the com- munity. Here can be found an extensive and va- ried assortment of brass and cop]»er wire, copper cable lightning-rods, all grades of brass, copper, and iron wire cloth, wire ropes, wire sash cord, wire picture cord, wire clothes lines, wire screens, wire fencing, and wire goods of every style and variety: and all kinds of wire work is measured for and put up in the most complete and excellent manner, sev- eral expert workmen being employed. Copper cable lightning rods are furnished with points and fixtures, or are erected on the buildings to order, and prices and estimates are promptly given on ap- plication ; a specialty being the new twist galvan- ized wire cloth, Avhich affords absohite protection to church and factory windows, desk work, letiered office screens, and wire railings. The jireniises here occupied comprise an establishment 25x80 feet in dimensions, thoroughly equipped in every respect, every facility being at hand for the execution of all orders, and the trade, which is both wholesale and retail, is very lartro, extending throughout the Dis- trict of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and out- lying country. Mr. Curry, who is a native of Pennsylvania, has been a resident of Washingtoa over a quarter of a century. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 101 J. S. Thompson, Thompson's Dairy, Milit, Cream, p'resli Butter, Buttermilk, and Eggs, No. 5 1 1 Four-and-a-halt Street, S. W. — It is a matter that has been placed beyond doubt that a very large percentage of the milk, cream, and butter sold in the various cities of the Union is of a very inferior grade, if not absolutely injurious to health. The question is one which seriously concerns the people, and our mission would be but poorly ful- tilled were we not to call attention to an establish- meut tiie purity and high quality of whose jjroducts have gained for it widespread recognition and favor. We refer to the Thompson Dairy, located at No. 51 L Four-and-a-half street, 8. W. Mr. J. S. Thompson, the proprietor, inaugurated tliis valu- able enterprise in 1880, and has accamulated a trade of large and rapidly increasing proportions. The premises occupied comprise a spacious store, 25x100 feet, with basement, which is arranged in the most convenient manner for tho prompt prose- cution of business, kept scrupulously clean, and affords ample room for all the operations of the house. Mr. Thompson deals extensively in milk, cream, fresh butter, buttermilk, and eggs, and carries a stock which is at all times commensurate with the heavy demands upon it. An average of live hundred gallons of pure milk is sold daily, and the receipts from the other articles handled are j)ropoitionately large. Some idea of the extent of the trade may be gathered from the fact that six delivery wagons are required and that the facilities are being steadily enlarged in order to properly meet the increasing pressure upon the resources of the concern. Mr. Thompson manufactures butter of the best grades, using steam [)ower in the churn- ing, and receives largely from the well-known dairy of Arthur Thompson, in Broome county, N. Y. In carefully packed pails these packages come to hand twice a week, and have attained a wide reputation for flavor, freshness, and high quality. The sub- stantial success acliieved by Mr. Thompson has been fully deserved, and the indications are auspi- cious for a long and prosperous career. Oeorg-e J. Nash (Successor t» C. K. Adams), Bookbinder and Blank-Book Manufacturer, No. 50S> Ninth Street, N. W. — .\mong the prosperous and growing enterprises of Washington, few are more worthy of mention than the well-known es- tablishment of which Mr. George J. Nash is the genial j)roprietor. The business of this house wns originated in 1870 by Mr. John Pettebone. He was succeeded in 1S76 by Mr. C. R. Adams, who, in 1881, disposed of the business to the present pro- prietor, Mr. Nash. The latter is a native of New York city, but has resided in Washington since 1872. He occupies one floor, which is 25x70 feet in di- mensions, and here a brisk business is done in -, pa|)er ruling and bookbinding of every description. . The mechanical and other appliances are of the most modern and latest improved character for pro- ducing the best class of work and for promptly fill- ing all orders. Every branch of the business is liere carried on, and a great deal of work is done for the stationery trade in the city, Mr. Nash hav- ing on his books the names of many customers in every way representative in tlie capital. A spe- cialty is made of doing fine work for a first-class private trade. Specimens of his work can be seen in many of our finest residences in Washington and the suburbs. Thomas W. Miller & Co., Regisrtered Plumbers, Tin Eoofing, Snouting, Kepairnig, etc.. Dealers in Stoves, Kanges, and Heaters, No. 1)31 Ninth vStreet, N. W. — As a sanitary measure for the promotion of health, the plumbing trade occupies a i)Osition in the front rank of improve- ments. The house of Messrs. Thomas W. Miller & Co., located at No. 9ol ^inth street, N. W., is well known and popular in this line, and was estab- lisiied by them in 185G, ami at the present location in 1883, Mr. Miller being the first boy born in Wash- ington to learn the piumbing trade. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, and appro- priately and attractively fitted up, where a complete stock of plumbers', steam and gas fittei-s' supplies is constantly carried. Everything in the way of plumbing, ventilating, moling, spouting, .steam and gas fitting is executed, estimates are furnished, con- tracts entered into, and the complete fitting up of buildings of all kinds is sati>factorily performed. He keeps likewise on hand always a general assort- ment of stoves, ranges, and heaters of the very latest and most inqjroved patterns, also the fittings belonging to them, together with a selection of tin, co|)per, and sheet-iron ware and general hou.sehold furnishing goods. Repairing of all kinds receives the most careful and especial attention. In sani- tary engineering, the specialty of the house, on the perfect perfortaance of which so much of Health and comfort o.f the community depends, an active and practical experience of over thirty years is certainly an element to command confidence. Such an experience is that of Mr. Miller, which, being combined with all necessary facilities, readily accounts for the popularity of the house among builders and property owners. None but the most skillful and experienced workmen are employed, and all the operations of the establishment are carried on under the immediate sujiervision of the pro- prietor. Mr. Miller was born in the District and justly merits the success attained by his ability, energy, and perseverance. Hag-O Worch & Co., Pianos and Organs, Sole Agents for Sohmers' Pianos, No. 1'25 Seventh Street, N. W. — Conspicuous among the prosperous and influential business houses of this city is that of Messrs. Hugo Worch & Co. The business of this house was founded in 1882 by E. C. Worch, who retired two years later, leaving the sole control to the present proprietor, Mr. Hugo Worch, under whose able management the business of the establishment has become greatly increased. The handsome salesroom is fitted with a large and very superior stock of goods. The firm hold the sole agency for Sohmers' pianos, which are celebrated for their fine, strong volume of tone and general excellence, and have on hand at all times a full, supply of these superior instruments, also all the favorite makes of pianos and organs, which are sold on favorable terms either for cash or on the installment plan. A choice variety of all other kinds of musical instruments are also kept on hand, including guitars, violins, banjos, flutes, zithers, drums, accordions, cornets, etc. Sheet-music, em- bracing all the latest foreign and domestic composi- tions, is being constantly received, and is sold at publishers' prices. Particular attention is given to tuning and repairing. Mr. Worch is a native of Germany, came to the United States in 18(i2, and has lived in Washington since 1862. 102 CITY OF WASHINGTON. W. C. Derby & Co., Plumbers', Steam and Gastitters' Supplies, Cast, VVrought-Iron, Lead, and Terra-Cotta Pipe and Fittings, Agents for Eberman's Boiler I'eeders, Ko. 907 Louisiana Avenue, N. W., and iSo. 910 C Street, N. VV.— The leading headquarters in the city of Washing- ton for plumbers', steam, and gaslitters' supplies is the establishment of Messrs. W. C. Derby <& Co., located at Nos. 907 Louisiana avenue and 910 C street, N. W., under Fords Opera House. This house was founded in 1884, and lias always occu- pied a front rank in its special line of trade. The store is large and spacious, 20x100 feet in dimen- sions, and is stocked to repletion wilii first-class supplies of every description for the use of plum- bers' and gas and steam titters. The stock embraces cast-iron, wrought-iron, lead, and terra-cotta pipe and fittings, sheet lead, solder, brass-work, sinks, copper- work, lead traps, tlie leading specialties being fire clay, fire brick, garden vases, rustic settees, chimney tops, rustic chairs, chimney pipe, drain tile, and all kinds of well pumps. The firm are also agents for Barrett's back-water valves and clean-outs, and for Eberman's boiler feeders. In the ordinary styles of goods this firm lead the market in this line, both as regards quality and price, possessing unsuri)assed facilities for procuring the best supplies from the manufacturers, and furnishing the trade and con- sumers at prices wliicli defy competition. Tlieir patronage is large and iniluential througliout Mary- land, Virginia, and District of Columbia, and is rapidly increasing in strength and importance. The members of tlie firm are Messrs. W. C. Derby, Ed. Derby, and James J. O'Brien, reputable business men of experience, enterprise, and high standing in tlieir trade. Cutter & Wiiner, Real Estate and Insur- ance Brokers, No. 1423 F Street.— This business was founded in 18resent enterprise, and has achieved an excellent run of custom and deserves prosperity. The business premises occupied consist of a store- room and basement each 25x100 feet in dimensions handsomely finished up with every convenience to do a large business, and always kej)! in scrupulously clean condition. He has employed five clerks, four porters, also three delivery teams. All orders are filled with satisfactory promptness and disi)atch. Special attention paid to orders coming through telephone or mail. Mr. Walker is a native of the District of Columbia, and is a man of commendable character. His business is largely confined to sup- plying families, hotels, and restaurants. _ The fine quality of his goods has established him in general confidence. At the above mentioned place can be found always on hand a fine line of home-slaugh- tered beef, Canadian Southdown mutton, fish, game, ovsters in season, Philadelphia capon chickens, rare vegetables and fruits, foreign and domestic canned goods, in fact, everything which comprises a first- class market store. 108 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Charles W. Handy, Ee;il Estate Broker and Notary Public, No. 921 F .Street, N. VV.— The imrchase and sale of realty, together with the vari- ous features attaching to real estate transactions, constitute a branch of business activity which engages the attention of some of the ablest and most enterprising men in every progressive com- munity. Among the leading and most reliable handlers of realty in this'city can be named Charles W. Handy, who enjoys an excellent reputation, both for sagacity and integrity, being accounted one of the best judges of the present and prospective values of either improved ov unimproved property in the District. Mr. Handy is a capable and ex- perienced notary public, as well as a general real estate broker, and all transactions effected through him can be relied upon as absolutely safe. He buys, sells, exchanges, and lets, attends to the col- lecting of rents and the management of estates, and negotiates loans on bond and mortgage, making a specialty of this feature, and also carries a tine line of insurance, i)lacing property or life with the best companies. Mr. Handy, who is a native of Wash- ington, established liimself in business in 1875, and from the start steadily pushed his way to public favor and confidence, building up a large and influ- ential connection, and numbers now among his clientele many of tlie solid citizens of Washington, his patronage extending throughout the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Maryland. Wm. L. Mllllikeii, Pictures, Frames, Mirrors, etc.. No. 527 Seventh Street, N. W. — The advance made in art work in jnclures, picture- frames, and kindred articles of interior decoration within recent years in this country is one of the features of the times. Engaged in this interesting line in Washington is Mr. Wm. L. Mulliken, manu- facturer of and dealer in pictures, frames, mirrors, and art goods, the iiouse being known as the Capital City Art Store, of which L. R. Trembly is the manager, and which since its inception twenty odd years ago has ever maintained a strong hold on popular favor. The business was started in 1866 by I. K. Trembly, who conducted it up to lfS78, when lie was succeeded by his son, the present manager. This establishment has continued with unbroken success, the business having been moved to the commodious quarters now occupied about four years ago. The store is 25x80 feet in dimen- sions and well equipped in every respect, and a heavy and fine stock is constantly carried, including elegant and attractive pictures, artistic picture- frames, beautiful mirrors, material for frames, and a splendid collection of art goods and useful and ornamental household articles, fine gold frames being a specialty. Moldings of every de-cription are also made to order, and old frames regilded in the most superior style, four ex|)ert hands being employed, while designs and estimatesare promptly furnished upon application, and, altogether, a large and substantial l)usiness is done, the trade extend- ing all over the District and environs. Mr. Mulliken, who is now the proprietor, has for some years resided in the District. Upon assuming con- trol of the business, the beginning of the present year, he enlarged each department and added new and attractive art features. He has a large and competent force of workmen carefully selected from the best, and with these increased facilities in every branch it is a business worthy of the capital. Francis Willncr, Wall Paper and Window Shades, No. 18:i9 Pennsylvania Avenue, between Eighteentli and Nineteenth Streets.— This is one of the oldest established enterprises of the kind, hav- ing been founded by the present proprietor over a quarter of a century ago. During this time it has won a tine name for the excellent character of the goods sold and for the superior work which has been executed. The store occupied is about 20x40 feet in dimensions and is finely furnished and arranged. The stock is large and first-class in character, embracing all materials necessary for ornamentation, comprising paperhangings in all the newest styles and designs in rich, bright shades of imported and best American goods and a full assortment of window shades, hoUands, opaque shadings, fringes, etc., and a full stock of painters' materials. Estimates are made for finisliing the interiors of public buildings or dwellings, all con- tracts being based on fair prices. Mr. Willner employs a skilled statf'of workmen and all contracts are executed in the most satisfactory style. Mr. Willner has resided in Washington for thirty-five years. He is a native of Germany. J. W. Wade, Merchant Tailor, No. 707 Seventh Street, N. W. — A popular and prominent merchant tailoring establishment is that of Mr. J. W. Wade, which, founded in ] 850, has had an unbroken career of prosperity. The tiroprietor is one of the oldest representatives of the tailoring industry in this city, and has a thorough practical knowledge of every detail of the business. The premises occupied measure 25x110 feet, are conveniently arranged for the reception of visitors, and provided with all necessary facilities. ^Ir. Wade carries a com- plete and comprehensive stock of the choicest home and foreign cloths and cassimeres, receiving fre- quent consignments from tlie most noted Euro- pean manufacturers. The assortment contains all the most recent novelties, and presents such a wide range of selection that allxhe requirements of taste and fashion are easily met. In the manufacturing department steady employment is given to ten ex- pert tailors and cutters, whose labors are person- ally supervised by Mr. Wade. The garments turned out are correct in style, jierfect in fit, and finished in workmanship, and give the utmost satis- faction to customers, among whom are numbered many of our must prominent public men. The prices are just and moderate. ^Ir. Wade was born in Maryland, and came to Washington in 1838. R. F. Harvoy, I'nderiaker, No. 922 Pennsyl- vania Avenue, N. W. — This well-known gentle- man established bis business here in 18()8, and has since been carrying on a good business in his line. It is not necessary to remark that Mr. Harvey is endowed with all the traits of character needed for the successful prosecution of the business, and has always given entire satisfaction to relatives and bereaved friends. In his large oflice wareroorn may be seen a fine assortment of plain and orna- mental caskets and coffins, which are furnished at the most reasonable prices. Carriages and hearses are furnished and entire funerals taken charge of. Mr. Harvey is a thoroughly trained and experi- enced embalmer, and performs all services in this line in the most approved manner. He is a native of Georgetown, I). C, and has lived most of his life in Washington. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 107 Swormsteclt & Bradley, Eeal Estate and Insurance, IS'o. 927 F Street, I^. W. — The varied and vast interests involved in real estate and insur- ance transactions in every important centre of ac- tivity in this country liave, in the nature of tilings, attracted to tliis brancli of business some of the most enterprising and far-seeing men in every com- munity, and, as it is scarcely necessary to state, Washington is no exception in this regard. One of the foremost and best-known lirms engaged in this line here is that of Swormstedt & Bradley, real estate and insurance agents, whose spacious and handsome offices are situated at No. 927 F street, N. \\ ., and who enjoy a deservedly high reputation for ability and souud judgment, as well as integrity and reliability, being, in a word, among tiie leading and most reliable firms of the kind in the District of Columbia, and number in their extensive clientele many of the solid and wealthy citizens of this city and suburbs. This flourishing business was estab- lished in lS7fi, and from its inception has been conducted with the most gratifying success, the connections of the firm growing and extending steadily from the first, until they are of a most substantial and desirable character. They transact a general line of business, buying, selling, exchang- ing, and letting houses, farms, building lots, and other features of realty, attending also to the col- lections of rents and the management of estates, while loans are negotiated on bond and mortgage. They represent some of the most stable and reliable insurance ccjnipanies in the world, including tiie well and favorably known ^V'estchester Fire Insur- ance Company, of New York (with its half a cen- tury of steady progress and a million and a quarter as assets as a record); the Fire Insurance Associa- tion (limited), London, Eng., and The Accident Insurance Comnany, of North America, and alto- gether, a very fine business is done. Tlie copartner- ship consists of Messrs. J. S. Swormstedt and R. E. Bradley, natives respectively of Maryland and the District of Columbia, Mr. Swormstedt being a resi- dent of the city upward of twenty-five years. They are both gentlemen of strict probity and ex- cellent business ability, and are po pular and esteemed members of the Keal Estate Board. Georg^e T. Smallwoocl, Draughtsman, No. 633 F Street, N. W. — One of Washington's most prominent and accomplished draughtsmen is Mr. George T. Smallwood. The business which he now so successfully conducts was commenced in 1872, he assuming the sole control in 1886. The jiatronage commanded by Mr. Smallwood has from the start been liberal and substantial. As a draughtsman, Mr. Sraallwood's experience covers many years, and involves a practical knowledge of every detail of the profession, eminently fitting him for rendering thorough and satisfactory ser- vice in every case. The range of his usefulness embraces drawings of all kinds in ink or crayon from model, sketch, or description, crayon portraits from life or photograph of any size, designs of every description, and illustrations and patent drawings, these two being specialties in which the proprietor is unsurpassed. Estimates of cost are cheerfully furnished, which are invariably just and moderate, and the rule of Mr. Smallwood is to as- certain the customer's idea and carry it out in the most artistic and appropriate manner. Every fa- cility is possessed and orders are executed in the promptest and most acceptable manner. We can recommend Mr. Smallwood highly to tiie favorable consideration of our readers as a gentleman of ability. W. X. Stevens, Solicitor of Patents and Mechanical Expert, No. 705 U Street, N. W. — It not infrequently happens that an inventor's or pat- entee's rights in a really meritorious invention he- come defective and void tiirough the incompetency ■ or carelessness of a patent agent. Hence tlie im- ; portance to those intending to apply for patents or i seeking advice in ngard to the same to secure the services of a capable and experienced solicitor in the premises ; and in this connection attention is directed to W. X. Stevens, solicitor of patents and mechanical expert, who is among the leading and most reliable practitioners in this line in Washing- ton, while he has personally procured over two thousand patents, covering the whole range of in- ventions. He is, moreover, employed by the De- partment of Justice of the Government to ascertain as to the questions of validity and infringement of patents in all claims against the Inited States for the use of patents. Mr. Stevens, who is a native of Worcester county, Mass., and was an engineering student of the Lawrence Scientific School of Har- vard, is a man of wide and varied knowledge in his line, having had a close practical experience in the exercise of his profession, extending over twenty- one years. He started originally in his native place in 1865, moving to Louisville, Ky., ten years subsequently, where he remained up to 1882, when he came to this city, and has here since continued with eminent success. A practical and expert me- chanical engineer, thoroughly conversant wiih the philosophy and the construction of machinery, and completely equipped with all the technicalities and knowledge of our patent laws and the practice rules of the Patent Office. Mr. Stevens is admir- ably calculated to successfully prosecute patents for mechanical appliances and devices of ail kinds in every instance. He is very successful in procuring patents in the principal foreign countries, in which his agents give personal attention to his bubiness. Arling-toii Academy, Corcoran Building, corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth Street, opposite the United States Treasury. — The Arlington Academy is a select school for boys and young men, and was established here in 1879, and is under the capable management and instruction of Burton Macafee, A.M., M. D. It gives careful and thorough instruction in the common English branches, bookkeeping, short-hand, higher arith- metic, algebra, geometry, Latin, and Greek, and has gained a firm foothold in the esteem and con- fidence of the entire community. The principal is aided by an efficient corps of teachers, price, of tuition are reasonable, and both day and evening sessions are held for the accommodation of those wiio wish to avail themselves of the advantages thus afforded. The number of scholars is limited, and only those of good moral character are re- ceived. Mr. Macafee, the principal, is a resident of Rochester, N. Y., and a graduate of the univer- sity of that city, as well as a graduate of schools of law and medicine. He cordially invites the public to visit him, especially those who appreciate earn- est, thorough work, and judge for themselves of the methods and applications employed. 108 CITY OF WASHINGTON. T. H. Walker & Co.,Grorers nnd Commis- sion Merchants, Nos. 946, 948, and 9-30 Louisiana Avenue. — The importance of the business in which it is engaged and the volume of trade whicli it com- mands make tlie house of Messrs. T. H. Walker & Co., at above Nos., one of ^he most prominent in its Line in Washington. Tiie firm is well and favora- bly known as wholesale and retail grocers and com- mission merchants for the sale of butter, cheese, eg^-s, vegetables, smoked meats, and general farm , products, making a leading specialty of fine butter. The business was established in 1885 by Messrs. T. II. Walker & Son, who were succeeded by the pres- ent lirni in October, 18SG. The premises occupied for trade purposes comprise a two-story building 70x70 feet in dimension-^, giving ample accommo- dation for the manipulaiion and display of the im- mense stock of goods whicli is constantly carried. No establishment in the city enjoys more perfect facilities for securing and handling the products in which they deal, or covers a wider territory in its transactions. The resources of the firm enable them to carry at all times a choice and varied as- sortment of provisions and produce. While their arrangements for prompt sales and shipments are of the be^t, the greatest care is e.xercised by the firm in making quick and satisfactory returns. Consignments of Marylaud, Virginia, and Western products are solicited, carefully liandled, and promptly acknowledged. The proprietors, Messrs. T. II. and W. H. Walker, are both natives of this city, and gentlemen of high standing in business circles. «J. R. Hertford, Real Estate, Loans, and Insurance, Ko. 1423.} F Street.— The real estate interests of the city of Washington are naturally of greater magnitude than any other description of financial investments and are increasing rapidly with the growtlx of the capital. Nearly all of this immense business is transacted by tlie real estate brokers and agents, and considerable part of it for e.xtensive owners who reside in the various moneyed centers of the country. Much depends, however, upon the choice of eligibly situated and strictly first-class property, and there is no safeguard better than securing the benefit of thesound judgment and practical experience of a reliable and popular real estate agent. I*rominent among those engaged in this line of business is Mr. J. K. Hertford, whose offices are at No. 14"23.} F street, who established this house in 1884, and although of recent origin has enjoyed a liberal and ]iermanent patronnge from many of our most influential operators. His offices are conveniently and centrally located and very appropriately fitted up with everything necessary for the comfort of patrons and the proper conduct of tlie business. Previous to embarking into busi- ness f)r himself ]\Ir. Hertford was f.)r over twenty ye ir-! employed on committee work in the treas\iry of the U:iited States, and represented the treasurer in witnessing the destruction of United States bonds and other obligations of the Government, and also held c mfidential position in the cash room of the Treasury Department. Tie is a recognized authority as to the present and prospective values of Washington's realty, and no one is better quali- fied than ha to act as broker between buyer and seller. lie has carried ti a successful issue many heavy real estate tran^sactions, a-id as a negotiator of loans on bond and mortgage he enjoys a very high reputation. He is very popular in insurance circles and effects risks on all insurable property in the most substantial foreign or domestic companies at the lowest rates. In addition, Mr. Hertloi'd is national bank agent, president of Hartford Loan and Savings Association, of the District of Colum- bia, al>o agent for the well-known and reliable ^lanhattan Life Insurance Company, of New York. ^Ir. Hertford was born in England, lias resided in this country since 18 Jl and in this city since 1861, and is very highly respected for his excellent busi- ness qualities and inflexible integrity. Arnold S. Yaiitis, Attorney -at Law and Solicitor of Patents, No. 81G F Street, N. W.— It is often a just cause of complaint among inventors that they do not receive the attention from the offi- cials of the Patent Office to whicli they are en- titled. The only remedy is to eiui)loy a reliable and experienced practitioner in patent causes in Washington. Mr. Arnold S. Yantis, whose office is located at No. 816 F street, N. ^V^, is will known as an attorney-at-law and solicitor of patents, and has been established in the business here since June, 1885. On the 1st of October, 1886, he suc- ceeded to the firm of Ellsworth & Yantis. Mr. Yantis is a native of West Virginia and a graduate of the National Law College. He has a thorough knowledge of all laws pertaining to patents and the rules of practice that govern the administration of the Patent Office, and in regard lo the rights of the inventor. He has established a fine, growing prac- tice before the Patent Office, and is recognized there as a thoroughly reliable and trustworthy solicitor, who can be depended upon by the inventor in any emergency needing legal talent and complete mastery of mechanical arts. Every case placed in his hands is carefully and skillfully treated, and terms are made easy for the inventor in all cases. His specifications, drawings, and other papers are noted for their accuracy, conciseness, and thorough knowledge of the subject, and every detail of the jirosecution of the application is thoroughly at- tended to. His patronage is steadily increasing throughout the country, and is of a character to in- sure him a continued practice and permanent pros- perity. W. Li. Hipkiiis, China, Glass, Lamps, House- furnishings, etc.. No. 437 Seventh Street, S. W. — Since this house was established in 1875 the push and energy of the proprietor have steadily increased the trade, until the china, glass, and honsefurnislj- ing establishment of Mr. W. L. Hipkins is one of the representative mercantile concerns of AVa.sh^ ington. The store of Mr. Hipkins is 25x80 feet in dimensions. Itii attractively arranged, and the stock is at all times complete and comprehensive, including everything desirable in plain and deco- rated china and glassware, lamps, and housefurnish- ing goods generally, and in the quality, styles, and general excellence of his merchandise he is the peer of all. A full line of toys, wooden and tin ware, and pottery, for use and ornament, completes the extensive stock of Mr. IIii)kins, and in his aim to supplv desirable goods at lowest figures and to give satisfaction tublic. It is centrally and conveniently located, opposite the Pennsylvania railroad and the Baltimore and Potomac railroad depots, and easy of access to all parts of the city, and conveni- ent alike to the permanent patron, the commercial tourist, and the transient guest. The hotel is finely and substantially built, attractive in appearance both inwardly and outwardly. It is four stories in height, 40x125 feet in dimensions, and can accom- modate about ninety guests. The halls and corri- dors are wide, spacious, and convenient, while the rooms are all commodious, handsomely furnished, and elegant in their appointments, fixtures, and upholstery. The ladies' and gentlemen's parlors and reception-rooms are elegantly and ricliiy fur- nished, while the office is fitted up in the most con- venient and attractive style, and presided over by courteous clerks and attendants. The dining-room has a seating capacity for one hundred guests. The cuisine is first-class, no pains or expense being si)ared in making it a leading feature of comfort and excellence. AVith all iis advantages, comforts, and excellencies, the rates of the Howard are emi- nently reasonable. This house was first opened to the public in 1850, and has been under the proprie- torship of Mr. Scott since 1884, who has succeeded in making it a popular hostelry. This gentleman has resided in Washington for the past thirty years, and is well known for his enterprise, genial nature, and business reliability. C. Cliristiaiii, Apothecary and Chemist, No. 484 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Holding a conspicuous position among the retail drug concerns of the city is the house of Mr. C. Christiani. It was founded in 1844 by Mr. L. M. Miller, and ten years later, in 1854, the present proprietor assumed sole control and ownership. He is thoroughly familiar with every detail of the important interest which lie represents, and has no superior as a skillful and ac- complishetl pharmacist. The establishment occu- pies temporary quarters at No. 486 Pennsylvania avenue, but a splendid three-story building, 24x108 feet in dimensions, is being erected by Mr. Chris- tiani, at No. 484, on the same thoroughfare, and when completed it is his intention to open a whole- sale department and conduct his business on a much more extensive scale. The stock now carried embraces pure drugs, chemicals, family and proprie- tary remedies, elegant pharmaceuticals, wines and liquors for medicinal purposes, toilet and fancy goods, druggists' sundries in great variety, and, in short, everything known to the trade or handled by any first-class house of this character. None but the finest and most reliable goods are offered to cus- tomers. Physicians' prescriptions are compounded with accuracy and precision at any hoin-, day or night, and the charges are invariably just and mod- erate We cheerfully recommend the liouse to the favorable notice of our readers as one of the most responsible in the citv with which 1o form business relations. 'Mr. Cliristiani is one of our old and honored citizens, and is straightforward and reliable in all I'is dealings. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. Ill S. J. Gass & Co., lieal Estate, Rents, Loans, Insurance, No. 51G Ninth Street, N. W. — A busi- ness requiring tlie best judgment and keencbt fore- siglit is tiiat of real estate, and these (jualities are only obtainable by experience and a natural higli order of intelligence. A linn that is possessed of the ability to meet \viti» all demands made upon their services is tiiat of Messrs. S. J. Gass «fe C!o., of No. 516 Ninth street, N. VV. These gentlemen established their business in May, 1886, iiaving had, previously, a tliorough training and experi- ence in all that pertains to their profession. They are recognized autliority as to t!ie values of realty ill all sections of the city and its environs, and those investors who are guided by their judgment and advice can rely on securing properties that will return a handsome income, with prospective increase in values. They devote their special at- tention to tlie sale and lease of houses and business property, collect rents, and possess excellent facili- ties for the prompt negotiation of loans on bond and mortgage. They also assume tiie management of estates and are accounted among the best judges of the present and prospective values of property of every description, improved and iniimproved, in tiie city. Insurance is also eflected in first-class companies on the most favorable terms. They represent the Royal Insurance Company, of Liver- pool, Eng., and Clinton, of New York. Messrs. S. J. Gass and William Mayse, the members of the ilrm, are M'idely known as leading business men of the capital. Mr. Gass for eight years lilled the responsible position of United States deputy mar- shal in the District of Columbia, performing all the duties of his office in a manner highly credita- ble to himself. Mr. Mayse is the senior })artner of the well-known firm of William Mayse & Co., of this city, who conduct a private banking business upon the same system as the house of Messrs. Brown Bros. Both gentlemen are lield in high regard in both social and mercantile circles and are representative citizens and merchants. ■ Parker H. Sweet, Jr., Solicitor and Ex- pert in Patent Matters, No. 024 F Street, opposite U. S. Patent Office. — One of the most popular and successful attorneys in practice before the Patent Office in Washington is Mr. Parker H. Sweet, Jr., whose office is located at No. 624 F street, r.early opposite the Patent Office. Mr. Sweet has been established in practice here since 1872, and has maintained a high I'eputation in his profession and built up a large and first-class j)atronage, which extends throughout the entire United States. He is a native of Virginia, a son of the Rev. Parker H. Sweet, the veteran Grand Seoi-etary of the I. O. O. F., who was born in Rhode Island, and who is also a well-known clergy- man of the District. Mr. Sweet is in the early jjrime of life, active, energetic, and progressive in furthering the interests of his patrons, and meeting Huccessfully and proTnptly every emergency incident to the practice of his ])rofession. His experience has been ample, his abilities have been successfully tested, and his friends are legion botii in and out- .side of his pr ictice. Mr. Sweet is prepared to give his services in all matters relating to tlie patent business, and all the details of the business receive his skillful personal attention, and the papers filed by liini in the interests of his clients are distin- guished for accuracy, mechanical and scientific re- search, and a thorough knowledge of the case in hand. His charges are invariably fair and reason- able, and his services are promptly and conscien- tiously rendered. He acts as associate attorney for a number of prominent attorneys residing in the Eastern States, and has developed an important connection as counsel for many Eastern manufac- turers, including thelleaton Button-Fastener Com- pany, the American Electrical Works, the Ameri- can Solid Button-Fastener Company, all of Provi- dence, R. I.; the Waterbury Brass Company, of Waterbury, Conn; the Throop Grain-Cleaner Company, of Auburn, N. Y ; the Passenger Rail- road Locomotive Manufacturing Company, of Phil- adelphia, Pa.; Hon. A. W. Tourgee, of Mayville, N. Y. ; Chief Engineer George W.Melville, United States Navy, among hundreds of others. As a solici- tor and expert in patent matters, Mr. Sweet is cordially commended as thoroughly proficient in pushing the claims and guarding the interests of all classes of inventors. F. D. Stephenson, Attomey-at-Law, Le Droit Building. — This business was started in 1885 and has been from its inception well supported by the public. Mr. Steplienson, who acted for sixteen years as examiner and chief of division in the United States Pension Oflice, makes a specialty of collecting claims and acts as special solicitor before the Executive Department, pushing through in a most remarkable manner the claims for pensions or increase of same which are confided to his man- agement. Pie occupies hand.some offices, finely fitted up, and located in an eligible quarter of the city, where he can be consulted by all who may seek his advice, which may be relied on, backed as it is by an experience of over twenty-five years. His practice extends all over the United States and he is well known far and wide as a gentleman of probity and integrity, in whom the utmost con- fidence can be placed. Mr. Stephenson is a native of Illinois and has been a resident of Washington for the last twenty -five years. If. R, Grimm, Architect, No. 930 F Street, N. W. — The subject of this sketch is a native of Washington, and early in life manifested an apti- tude for architectural studies, making rapid pro- gress, his thorough proficiency and earnest desire to excel being notable features of his successful career. In 1882 he embarked in business, after nine years of practical experience in the employ of some of the most skillful architects of the country. Mr. Grimm's conceptions of private dwellings, of which he makes a specialty, are of the highest order as to beauty and symmetry, and have given to his pa- trons entire satisfaction. Among the numerous buildings which he has designed and planned, spe- cial attention is called to those known as the Palmer's Buildings. This young architect designs with the greatest care, in order to meet the wants and requirements of owners, and his estimates are always accurate, while in supervising building op- erations, he adheres closely to his specifications, and has achieved from the start an excellent reputation for his professional skill and ability. His charges are reasonable, being compatible with the skill and workmanship displayed. His office is at Room 6, No. 930 F street, N. W., where he can be consulted with regard to plans and specifications for private dwellings. 112 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Jurtd & Detweiler, Book and Job Printers, Nos. 420 and 422 Eleventh 8treet, N. W.— Print- ing, the "art preservative," is by common con- sent the most useful and enduring of the arts, and, it may also be added, one of the most pro- gressive, the advance made in this interesting sphere of activity of late years being one of the notable features of the times. A leading and noteworthy firm engaged in this line in Wash- ington is "that of Messrs. Judd c^ Detweiler, book and job printers, whose commodious and well- equip[)ed establishment is located at Nos. 420 and 422 Eleventh street, N. W., and who are in all respects among the foremost and most reliable ex- ponents of the art in the District of Columbia, the work turned out in this admirably conducted and flourishing concern being first-class in every par- ticular. This prosperous business was established in 1868 by the present proprietors, and from the inception of the enterprise the lirm have enjoyed a large and substantial patronage. Executing an excellent class of work, upright and honorable in their dealings, and devoting untiring attention and close personal supervision to every detail and feature of the business, it is only in tlie nature of things that they should have attained the full measure of success tiiat invariably attends energy and ability well applied. The premises occupied comprise an entire three-story OOxlOO-foot build- ing, supplied with ample steam power and com- ))letely equipped in every respect with the most improved machinery, appliances, and appurte- nances, including a large number of capacious presses, a thirty-horse power engine and boiler, a varied and vast assortment of type ami general printing outfit, while upward of eiglity expert hands are employed, the lower floor l)eing devoted to press-room and oflice and the upper part of tlie liouse to composing-room, etc. Book and job work of every description is executed in the most supe- rior and expeditious manner, a specialty being made of scientific printing, and work is done in all languages and in every style, all orders, small or large, receiving prompt and satisfactory attention. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. John G. Judd and F. M. Detweiler, natives respec- tively of London, Eng., and Pennsylvania, Mr. Judd having resided in the United States some thirty odd years, the greater part of the time in Washington, while Mr. Detweiler has lived in this city since boyhood. They are both men of energy and thorough business ability, as well as of sfi-ict j)robity, and fully merit the large measure of pub- lic favor and prosperity they deservedly enjoy. E. E. White, Wholesale and Retail (Irrocer, No. 635 Louisiana Avennc, opposite New City Post Office. — It does not need any great amount of ar- gument to prove to any intelligent jierson that of all the business interests represented in onr great cities none are so vitally necessary to the commu- nity as tliose departments which have to do with the handling of groceries at wholesale and retail. In this line of trade a prominent house in this city is that of Mr. E. E. White, whose premises are lo- cated at No. 635 Louisiana avenue, opposite the New City Post OflSce. These premises consist of a three-story building with a frontage of 28 feet and a depth of 80 feet. They are admirably fitted up throughout, and the stock carried cmbi'aces every description of staple and fancy groceries, foreign and domestic produce, including canned goods of every description. For teas, coflees, sugar, fiour, etc., Mr. White's establishment is tlie recognized headquarters, these articles being specialties and their quality superior to anything to be met with elsewhere in this city. .Any one can see that in the selection of the stock Mr. White exhibits a ripe and thorough judgment, which latter is indeed one of the secrets of his success. He has been en- gaged in this line of business at the present address since 1845, and is one of the best-known and most respected merchants in the ciiy. He is a native of Montgomery county, Md., and his jjleasant, courteous, and honorable methods of treating the customers have contributed in no small degree to his well-deserved success. Charles Kennedy, Dealer in Wood-Burnt Lime, Cement, Plaster, Hair, etc., corner of New Jersey Avenue and D Streets, N. W. (opposite Bal- timore and Ohio J^epot). — Among what may be es- pecially termed representative houses in particular lines of business should be mentioned that of Mr. Charles Kennedy, whose business premises, consist- ing of office and yard, and covering an ai-ea of six thousand scjuare feet, are located on the corner of New Jersey avenue and D streets, N. W. ]\Ir. Kennedy was born in Chau- tauqua county, N. Y., and in 1871 came to reside in Washington. Eight years ago lie founded his present business of trading at wholesale and retail in wood-burnt lime, cement, plaster, hair, etc. In this line he has succeeded in building up avast busi- ness connection, due to the handling of reliable and first-class goods at the low-est market prices, and to the courteous attention which all receive from Mr. Kennedy and his assistants. His facilities for se- curing supplies from first hands on the most advan- tageous terms are of the best jiossible character, and these advantages are fully shared with his customers. His trade relations extend to all parts of the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, etc., and the ut- most promptitude is shown in the fulfillment of all orders. Eli Sickle, Four-and-a-PIalf Street, Bargain Store, Drv Ooods, etc., N'o. 427 North Four-and-a- Half Street, S. W.— The bargain store of Mr. Eli Sickle, No. 427 Fonr-and-a-IIalf Street, S.W., is one of the finest and mostcompletedrv goods, furnishing, dress, and millinery establishments in this part of the city. Although established but one year ago, the bargain store has steadily enlarged its trade, and from the beginning has quickly won its way into general popidarity. The stoik embraces a choice se- lection of latest dress and dry goods in the market, fancy goods of every description, and novelties in notions, and the most desirable millinery goods and trimmings in almost endless variety. No shop-worn merchandise or obsolete sty'es in goods are foimd in this establishment, as all of the stock is fresli from the manufacturers and importers and has been se- lected with the greatest care and judgment by Mr Sickle, who was for years engaged in this line of business as a clerk in Washington. The trade of the liouse extends to all parts of the District. Orders for suits and millinerv work are executed in the most artistic manner, and full satisfaction as to quality and jirices of work is assured. Mr. Sickle is a native of Germany and has resided for three years in the District of Columbia. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 113 E. Gr. Davis, Dealer in Black Dress Goods, Silks, 8atins, Velvets, Laces, Ribbons, etc., No. 719 Market Space. — No branch of the retail trade of Washington, D. C, has been conducted with greater vigor and discretion than that comprising silks, satins, and velvets. Prominent among the leading retailers and importers in silks, etc., is Mr. E. G. Davis, whose salesrooms are located at No. 719 Mar- ket Space. This representative house was founded in 1866 by Davis & Gaither, who conducted it until 1869, when Mr. E. G. Davis became sole pro- prietor. The premises occupied are spacious and elegantly appointed, and comprise a superior store and basement 25x90 feet in dimensions, with back room 25x50. So far as the character and extent of the stock are concerned, it may be confidently stated that the goods have no superiors in Washington or any other city in the United States. The assortment comprises a splendid line of black dress goods, silks, satins, velvets, laces, ribbons, trimmings, embroid- eries, and all kinds of fancy goods and notions, which are offered to patrons at remarkably low prices. All goods are purchased direct from the most famous manufacturers in Paris, London, Vi- ! enna, Berlin, etc., in large quantities, and the prin- ciple on which the enterprise is conducted is that of just dealing, giving full value for money, andob- | taining emolument in increased sales, rather than | in large individual profits. In the silk department i we find not only the finest black goods, but also j every color and shade at present fashionable, in- I eluding some of the most beautiful silks ever im- | ported, which are offered at prices remarkable low, only possible by means of large purchases and ready sales. The same remarks apply to t lie satins, velvets, laces, etc., of this reliable house. Mr. Davis was born in Howard county, Md., but has re- sided in Washington for the last twenty-six years. He is one of our public-spirited citizens, and is a director of the Firemen's Insurance Com- pany, Real Estate and Title Insurance Company, Columbia Building Association, and vice-president and director of the Columbia Railroad Company. This prominent establishment gives every promise of a long and prosperous future, which a continu- a,nce of the present able management will certainly insure it. David Nachniau, Dry Goods, Notions, and Fan«y Goods, No. 413 Eighth Street, S. E.— Among the numerous retail dry goods establish- ments of Washington that of Mr. David Nachman, No. 413 Eighth street, S. E., is particularly deserv- ing of favorable mention on account of its long and honorable career and the substantial success it has achieved. The present proprietor inaugurated this business twenty years ago at No. 908 Eighth street, where he remained until 1S83, when the removal was made to the premises now occupied. No simi- lar concern in the city enjoys a larger measure of public confidence or is more consistent in its efforts to minister with perfect satisfaction to the wants of its patrons. The spacious store, measuring 25x75 feet, is attractively fitted up, first-class in all its ap- pointments, and provided with every convenience for tlie display and inspection of stock. Mr. Nach- man deals heavily in dry goods, silks and dress goods, notions, hosiery, gloves, trimmings, ladies' and gents' furnishings, fancy goods, laces, embroid- eries, etc. The assortment is one of the most com- plete, interesting, and instructive to be found any- : where, and is replete with all the standard and re- lialjle goods known to the trade and the latest and,- choicest novelties of home and foreign manufac-. ! ture. In the course of his extended connection i with tliis interest Mr. Nachman has accunnilated . advantages that enable him to procure his supplies j on the most favorable terms, this fact finding ex- - ! pression in the remarkably low prices prevailing in every department. Competent clerks are con- stantly in attendance and customers are waited upon in the promptest and most courteous manner. We cannot speak too highly of this house, which for so many years has been an active and promi- nent factor in the development of the dry goods business of the city, and which is to-day one of the strongest and most responsible of our mercantile in- stitutions. C. A. Didrten, Architect, No. 709 Thir- teenth Street, N. W. — On every hand there is abundant evidence of a demand for splendid public and private buildings in ratio with the increase of wealth, refinement, and education. In connection with these remarks the attention of our readers is directed to the architectural works of Mr. C. A. Didden, whose office is located at No. 709 Thir- teenth street, N. W. This gentleman is a native of Prussia, and has had an experience in his profession covering a period of aquarter of acentury . Leaving his native land in 1862 for England and the Cape of Good Hope, where he was engaged in the con- struction of the new breakwater and docks, he came to New York in 1866, and to Washington in 1872, being engaged continuously on some of the largest buildings in New York and this city. He will be found prompt, liberal, and enterprising, never unsolicitous for the benefit of his patrons and always prepared to offer advantages, in keep- ing with such a reputation. We may mention a few of the buildings under his supervision : The residence of the Hon. G. G. Hubbard, No. 1328 Connecticut avenue; of R. Protner, Esq., No. 1104 Vermont avenue; Mr. W. R. Riley's store, corner of E and Ninth streets; the stores of C. Baum and Ryneal,and hundreds of other buildings in every part of the city. In 1882 his plans were. adopted for the proposed new Naval Observatory. Mr. Didden, who is a member of the American In- stitute of Architects, is fully prepared with all the necessary facilities to execute any architectural undertaking. He has a fine suite of offices at the address above indicated, and has accorded to him a most liberal and substantial patronage. A. C. Coluiiilms, Photographer, No. 805 Market Space. — A prominent hoiise engaged in this business is that of Mr. A. C. Columbus, which was established by him in 1881, and the artist lias been rapidly winning fame in consequence of the soft- ness and exquisite finish of his portraits. His gal- lery is large and commodious, elegantly and hand- somely furnished, and thoroughly eqnipiied with all the best and latest ini]n-oved instruments and materials known to the art, and he is prepared to take any size or style of picture. Mr. Columbus makes a specialty of tintypes, and does a very ex- tensive business in this particular branch of his profession. Mr. Columbus is a native of the Dis- trict of Columbia, and enjoys the fullest confidence of the entire community. He is also a prominent and active member of the Knights of Pvthias. 114 CITY OF WASHINGTON, Li. M. Saunders & Bro., Loan, Real Es- tate, and Rent Office, No. 1103 F Street, N. W.— Prosecuting a successful enterprise in the real estate line with signal ability, Messrs. L. M. Saun- ders & Bro. are entitled to very favorable mention. Established in 1880, the house has had a most pros- perous career, enjoying the confidence and patron- age of property-holders throughout the city and adjoining States. The firm possess every facility for placing transactions upon the best possible basis, and bring to bear a combination of experi- ence, energy, and thorough knowledge of the busi- ness. They buy, sell, and exchange property, se- cure desirable tenants for dwellings, stores, and tenements, collect rents, manage estates for non- residents, effecting such repairs as may be needed judiciously and economically, and negotiate loans up>n bond and mortgage. Their books contain descriptions of many splendid buildingsitosand un- improved pro|)erty in all sections of the city and surrounding country, and ])urchasers are always offered terms whose moderation is exceptional. Their work is always done promptly and faithfully, and their patrons are ever ready to recommend them as authority upon all business relating to the branch of trade in which they are engaged. The firm is in all respects one of the most prominent and progressive operating in the real estate market of Washington. Mr. L. JI. Saunders is a lawyer of prominence and ability, which is a great advantage to both him and his patrons in connection with real estate matters. The National Bank of the Kepublic, of Wafshington, President, Dr. Daniel B. Clarke; ('ashler, Charles S. Bradley, Seventh and D Streets. — Prominent among the representative banks of the city is the National Bank of the Re- public. This substantial and progressive bank was duly incorjioraled in iSGo, and its charter was re- newed in 18S5. Its career has been a very success- ful one, highly creditable to the executive ability and conservative judgment of its management. The capital of the bank is 6200,000, which has been fiu-ther augmented by a surplus fund of §100,- 000. The following gentlemen are the oflicers and directors: Dr. Daniel B. Clarke, president, and Charles S. Bradlev, cashier ; directors — Dr. D. B. Clarke, W. 11. Morrison, W. R. Riley, W. J. Sib- ley, T. E. Wagtraman, A. A. Wilson, James L. N orris, O. C. Green, and John E. Herrell. The bank solicits the accounts of bankers, corporations,^ merchants, manufacturers, and others, offering very superior facilities for the transaction of every branch of business. Collections in the United States, Canada, and Europe are made on favorable terms. The bank likewise attends to remittances, at lowest rates of exchange, and offers every possi- ble advantage and convenience to patrons. Dr. D. B. ( larke, the president, is an able and efficient ex- ponent of the soundest principles governing bank- ing and fmance. Mr. C. S. Bradley, the cashier, is an experienced and honorable bank officer, with every qualification for his responsible position. The directors are widely known in tiie community for their ability and integrity, and their connection with the National Bank of the Republic, of Wash- ington, gives it a foremost position among the sound, well-managed institutions of the country. R. C. Hevvett, Flour, Feed, Oats, Corn, Hay, Straw, Lime, I'laster, Cement, Pitch, Felt, Salt, etc., Nos. 1225 and 1227 Seventh Street, N. W.— A representative house engaged in handling fiour, general feed, and masons' supplies in this market is that of ]^Ir. R. C. Ilewett. This house was founded in 1S()0, and it is one of the oldest and also one of the largest of its kind in the city. The premises occupied comprise a building containing three floors and basement, the whole covering an area of 25x1 25 feet, also seven large warehouses. They are equipped with every convenience and appliance fur facilitating the handling of stock and the transac- tion of business. The proprietor has at all times on hand a very extensive stock of the finest quali- ties of family flour, feed, oats, corn, hay, straw, lime, jdaster, cement, pitcli, felt, salt, etc., the trade in which is of both wholesale and retail. During its career for twenty-seven years the house has always borne a high reputation for fair and honor- able dealing. Mr. Ilewett is a native of Frederick county, j\Id., and din-ing the war was caj>tain of a West Virginia troop of cavalry on the side of the Union. He belongs to the Masonic body, the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and the Improved Order of Red Men. He was a railroad conductor on the trains that brought tlie Si.xth Massachunetts Regiment and President Lincoln to Wasliington by way of Baltimore during the war. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 115 J. B. HaniniOlid, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Building Material, Frames, Sa^li, Doors Moldings, Counters, Desks, etc , corner of Twelfiii Street and Ohio .Avenue, N. W. — One of tiie prin- cipal houses engaged in this industry is that of Mr. J. B. Hammond, which is entitled to more than passing notice, not only from the fact of its extensive operations, but as being a representative house in an eminent degree, and one of the oldest engaged in the trade. Mr. Hammond is widely known as an extensive manufacturer of and dealer in building material, including doors, sash, and blinds, window-frames, moldings, stair work, desks, cases and counters, show-windows and store fix- tures, scroll sawing and turning, also glass and general hardware. The business was founded here in J 878 by the present proprietor. The reputation established for reliability and promptness in filling orders is excelled by none of its contemporaries. The premises occupied comprise a fine three-story brick building 75x75 feet in dimensions, supplied with all the necessary woodworking machinery of a modern pattern, operated by a forty-horse power steam engine, and furnishing steady employment to twenty skilled workmen. The proprietor makes a specialty of Ivirdwood work of all kinds for fin- ishing of residences, stores, and offices, and carries ill stock a splendid line of materials of regular size, being prepared also to manufacture all sizes re- (piired to order. Pie prom])tly furnishes estimates for the construction of buildings, furnisliing sup- plies of all kinds at the lowest rates. He has a large and permanent patronage throughout Mary- land, Virginia, the District of Columbia, and the entire South. Mr. Hammond is a native of Mary- land. Lepley & Finster, Catholic Booksellers and Stationers, No. 715 Fifteenth Street, N. W.— The book-publishing business holds its prominence in Washington as well as in other leading cities of the Union, and among those engaged in this line may be mentioned the firm of Lepley & Finster, Catho- lic booksellers and stationers, No. 715 Fifteenth street, N. W. This house was founded in 1883 by Mr. W. II. Lepley, who took into partnership Mr. J. B. Finster in 1885, thus forming the }>resent style of Lepley & Finster. They occupy a commo- dious store, which is finely fitted up, and carry a large and well-assorted stock of church supplies (specially adapted to the Catholic faith), com- prising rosaries, prayer-book, Bibles, devotional books, medals, crosses, crucifixes, statues, religious engravings, scapulars, holy-water fonts, and all religious articles in general, which they sell at the lowest prices. They also make a specialty of supplying missions, and oflTer extraordinary induce- ments, being willing to take back all goods remain- ing unsold. Jn conjunction with this they carry on bookbinding, printing, and card engraving, and all orders in this line will receive their strict and prompt attention. Though but comparatively young in the business, they have succeeded already in establishing a pros- perous and extensive trade in and around Wash- ington, with prospects of a bright future, and are subscription agents for all leading magazines, news- papers, and periodicals. Mr. Lepley was born in New York, but was brought to Washington when but a mere boy. He is a young man of keen busi- ness capacity and courteous address. His partner, Mr. Finster, is a na-tive of West Virginia, and is also a young man possessed of great energy and well posted in all the details of the trade, which has considerably helped the house to the eminence it has attained. E. B. Cottrell, Real Estate Broker, No. 1418 New York Avenue. Telephone Call No. 467-2. — Washington City has no financial interest of greater importance than that of real estate, and at the [)resent time, when the securities of the stock market are so depressed, the investing jaublic has directed its attention to city property. Pi-ominent among the most active and popular houses which have aided to develop the real estate market of the District of Columbia is that of Mr. E. B. Cot- trell, No. 1418 New York avenue, which was es- tablished by him in the pretent location in 1878 and has retained the esteem and confidence of the financial community. Mr. Cottrell has had a wide range of experience, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the merits and values of the various residential, business, and suburban sections of the District. His offices are spacious and commodious, neatly, appropriately appointed, and supplied with every convenience for the comfort of patrons. He transacts a general real estate business, buying, selling, exchanging, renting, and undertakes the entire management of estates, and has connections of a very superior character. He is also prepared to negotiate loans on bond and mortgage upon the most reasonable terms. He makes a specialty of buying and selling local stocks, bonds, investment and other securities. ]\Ir. Cottrell is a native of Pennsylvania, but has resided here since 1871. He is full of enterprise and energy, and has always given a hearty support to all measures best calcu- lated to advance and promote the permanent wel- fare of the District . Frank P. Weller, Drugs, Medicines, and Chemicals, No. 751 Eighth iStreet, S. E. — -One of the largest and best appointed drug stores in this portion of the city is that of Mr. Frank P. Weller, which is situated at the above address. It is finely fitted up and furnished with show-cases and all other appurtenances pertaining to this business, hav- ing dimensions of 20x60 feet. This store carries a very carefully selected stock of drugs, medicines, chemicals, patent medicines, druggists' supplies, and also a line of toilet articles, fancy goods, brushes, sponges, combs, perfumery, etc. The pre- scription department is under the personal super- vision of Mr. Weller, assisted by two skilled clerks, and nothing but the very purest drugs are allowed in the compounding of physicians' prescriptions. Mr. Weller was born in Maryland and came to Washington in 1866, where he took up in 1872 the study of drugs, acting as clerk and compounder under some of the most eminent druggists of the day, and, after a practical experience of eleven years, he entered into business on his own account. He is skilled in his business and one in whom im- plicit confidence may be reposed as a careful, pains- taking, reliable druggist and apothecary. AH ]ire- scriptions are compoiuided at the shortest notice and at all hours, a night clerk being always in at- tendance. Mr. Weller is a gentleman who is much thought of in the profession and highly respected by the community at large. 116 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Warren Choate, Agent for the Provident Life and Trust Company, IS'o. 927 F Street, N. W. — The Provident Life and Trust Company, of Phil- adelpiiia, has been in existence since 18G5, and was organized for the purpose of promoting life insur- ance among the iSociety of Friends throughout the United States, including all other persons of like careful habits, and from a small beginning has grown to large proportions and strength, it has a cash capital of S1,UUU,000 paid up in full, and a net surplus belonging to the insurance deiJartnient of §1,536,606.43, which gives the policy-holders a pro- tection of §2,536,606.43 above the reserve fund re- quired by law. The Provident's success is due to the careful and conservative management o*" its of- ficers, who are men of tried experience and ability. The charter of this company, in addition to the au- thority to insure lives, confers also authority to act as executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, etc., or, in other words, to transact what is generally known as a trust business. It is a certainty that taking out a policy in the Provident means secur- ity, inspires confidence in the public mind, and places the insured in a protected position in case of death, with an assurance that tlie policy will be promptly paid. The afi^airs of this company for the District of Columbia are conducted by ^Ir. Warren Choate, whose oftice is located at No. 927 Y street, N. W., who was established in this business in 1883, and has ever since the start received a large pro- portion of the life insurance businessof the city and vicinity. The rej)resentalion which the company receives at his hands is of the very best quality, and he is constantly increasing its risks, while the inter- ests of the insured are carefully looked after by him. [ Mr. Choate is a native of this city, and enjoys the entire confidence of the community. I P. B. Duim, "Wholesale Dealer in Fine ; Wines and Liquors and Jobber in Cigars and Tobacco, No. 218 Tenth Street, N. W.— There are probably few articles so hard to obtain unadul- terated as wines and liquors. It is only by the greatest care in purchasing, either by the consumer or retailer, that jjurity can be assured. In this con- nection special attention is directed in this trade re- view of Washington to the reliable and responsible house of Mr. P. B. Dunn, the well-known whole- sale dealer in fine wines and liquors and jobber in cigars and tobacco at No. 218 Tenth street, N. W. Tliis house was established in 1876, and has ever enjoyed a high reputation for tlie superiority of its ' goods and the excellence and enterprise of its busi- ness management. The jiremises comprise two floors 25x100 feet each, giving ample accommo- dation for the disposal of the immense stork which isconstantly carried. Th is stnckconiprises a splendid selection of imported and doincstic goods, including ports, sherries, cham{)agnes, and clarets, Scotch and Irisli wiiiskies, imported direct in original ))ackages and absolutely unexcelled by those of any other first- class house in the country, also Kentucky Bourbon and rye whiskies, rums, gins, and brandies of the best home manufacture. Many of the wines and liquors kept by this house are of great age and are eagerly souglit for by connoisseurs and critical judges. A family line of pure liquors is sold here at the lowest market ])rices. IMr. Dunn also has a retail establishment at the corner of Fifteenth and P streets, N. W. Tlie reliable manner in wliicli this business is conducted, as well as the admirable quality and purity of the wines and liquors kept, are sufiicient reasons why the trade will do well to place their orders with this responsible and repre- sentative house. Mr. Dunn has a large and first- class patronage throughout the city and District, and is highly esteemed as a citizen and business man. J. T. Walker Sons, Dealers in Lime, Cement, Pitch, Carpet-Felt, Fire-Clay, Brick, etc.. No. 204 Tenth Street, N. W. — The popular and prosperous firm of J. T. Walker Sons, dealers in liine, cement, roofing, and kindred produces, whose capacious and well-known establishment is located at No. 204 Tenth street, N. W., enjoys the distinc- tion of being the oldest, as well as one of the fore- most and best-equipped, concerns engaged in this important branch of commercial activity in Wash- ington, having been in continuous and successful existence nearly thirty seven years, and which to- day fully sustains its old-time reputation for relia- ble and excellent goods and upright and honorable dealing. The house w:is founded in 1S50 by J- T. Walker (deceased), who shortly after admitted into partnership his son, J. T. Walker, Jr., thus consti- tuting the cojjartnership which conducted the busi- ness up to November, 1886. when, owing to the death of the senior member, which occurred at this period, it passed into the sole control of J. T. Walker, Jr., who now continues the business alone with uninterrupted success. The premises occupied comprise an entire three-story 30xl00-foot structure, and an extensive and excel- lent stock is constantly carried, including lime, ce- ment, plaster, gravel, roofing, and building material, pitch, carpet felt, fire-clay, fire brick, charcoal, felt, etc., from four to ten hands being regularly em- ployed. Gravel and felt roofing is also attended to all over the city and suburbs, and altogether the trade, which is both wholesale and retail, is very heavy, and affords evidence of steady and substantial increase annually. Mr. Walker, who is a native of this city, is a man of push and enterprise and of sterling integrity, and enjoys an enviable reputation in the community, alike as a business man and a citizen. Austin P. BroAVil, Real Estate and Loans, No. 1426 F Street, N. W. — One among the best known of the representative business men in the city is Mr. Austin P. Brown, who is conducting a large business as a real estate and loan agent, and has valuable property for sale and rent in the Dis- trict and in the States of Maryland and Virginia. He also negotiates loans on l)()nil and mortgage and gives his personal attention to all branches of the real estate business. Mr. Brown, who is a native of the State of Maine, has resided in Washington for m jre than a quarter of a century, and is identified with the affiiirs of the District. For twenty years he was a (lovernment supply agent, and is also agent for the Otis Iron and Steel Com]iany, Geo. T. Blake jNIanufacturing Company, Consolidated Safety Valve Comi)any, New York Belting and Packing Company, Park, Brother cS: Co. He has been in the real estate and loan business since 1884, and sir.co that time has been prominent in juany of the heavy transactions and improvements that have been made in the District. He is a gentleman of high standing in the connnunity, and as a business man and citizen is held in high esteem. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 117 Corson & Macartney, Bankers, Glover Building, No. 1419 F Street. — One of the sound, reliable, and popular banking houses in the city of Washington is that of Messrs Corson & Macart- ney, located at No. 1419 F street, in the Glover Building. This house was established in February, 18S5, and has been successful from the start. The promptness of the firm in meeting all demands and the thorough integrity manifested in all movements have inspired all classes with the utmost confidence in tlie soundness, reliability, and financial strength of the house. The firm transact a general banking business, including the receiving of deposits, the discounting of bills, the collection of drafts, the in- vestment in approved paper, and dealing in invest- ment securities, and have gained a large and influ- ential patronage among the best classes of citizens. The members of the firm are of that school of men who believe in " security rather than high rates of interest, caution rather than great risks," and their steadily increasing success has been achieved by a I'igid adiierence to these wise and legitimate busi- ness methods, combined with a knowledge of finance and abilities of the highest order. The firm is composed of Messrs. John \V. Corson and John W. Macartney, both natives of this City, members of the New York Stock Exchange, and gentlemen of high standing in business and financial circles. Their principal correspondents are Messrs. Moore & Schley, New York andChicago C. D. Barney & Co., Philadelphia, and Irvin A. Evans, Boston. Sliooniaker Company, Importers of Fine Winesjj Liquors, Cigars, etc., Nos. 1831 and 1383 E Street. — The extensive concern whose name stands at the head of this .review has been for many years an active and iiiHuential agent in the promotion of the wine and liquor trade of Washington, and has contributed very largely to its advancement to its present position of importance. This enterprise was inaugurated in 1859 by ISIr. William Shoo- maker, who conducted it with distinguished ability for many years, when the business had grown to such proportions that, in order the better to facili- tate the transaction of affairs, the Shoomaker ( 'om- pany was incorporated. The officers are August W. Noack, president, and Francis (Tarlichs, secretary, both gentlemen of ripe experience, rare energy, and a thorough knowledge of all the ramified details of the industry which they represent. The company are importers of and wholesale and retail dealers in fine wines, liquors, cigars, etc., and carry an im- mense stock in all lines, from which the heaviest orders are filled with ease and promptitude. They have superior facilities for the successful conduct of the business on a large scale. The premises occu- pied are splendidly located at Nos. 1331 and 1333 E street, consisting of a spacious salesroom, 35x150 feet, and a four-story warehouse 35x40 feet in di- mensions. Every convenience is provided for the storage and handling of the valuable stock, which comprises Bourbon and rye whiskies from the most noted manufacturing regions of the country, bran- dies, champagnes, clarets, sherries. Madeiras, and other first-class wines, gins, cordials, and delicate liquors of every description demanded by the trade. The assortment of cigars embraces all the best and most popular brands of home and foreign produc- tion. The company make a specialty of handling the finest classes of goods, and everything coming from their establishment can be implicitly relied upon for purity, wholesomeness, and general excel- lence. The customers of the concern are located in all parts of the United States, and the volume of business, which fo its up many thousands of dol- lars in value per annum, is being steadily added to. The officers and managers of the company condiict the business iu a spirit of liberal and honorable en- terprise, giving their customers the benefit of all their advantages in respct to prices, and it may be truly Said that no mei-cantile institution in the city deserves or enjoys a larger degree of the confidence of those to whom it caters. Ed. J. Hannan, Plumber, No. 517 Eleventh Street, N. W. — Among tiiose who stand prominent in this line of business is Mr. Ed. J. Hannan, who established this house in 1873, and moved into the present store in 1879. The premises occupied are spacious and admirably adapted to the business, appropriately fitted up, and contain a complete plant of apparatusand tools required for the plumb- ing and gasfitting trades. His patrons as a class belong to the most intelligent of our citizens, who know the importance of having their plumbing ex- ecuted in the best manner, so as to have no pos- sibility of noxious odors tainting and poisoning the atmosphere of their homes. Being thoroughly educated in sanitary gcience and a practical plumber, ^Mr. Hannan gives universal satisfaction, and one of the great advantages about his work is that when once completed it will remain perfect for years and will not require repairing. This to landlords and property owners is of the utmost importance, since plumbers' bills necessarily, from the character of their work, are proverbially high, and in this case, as in all others, the best is the cheapest. He furnishes estimates, enters into con- tracts for the complete fitting up of buildings, and in sanitary plumbing, which is his specialty, he is without a superior in the city. He employs none but the most skillful and proficient workmen, and being a practical plumber of many years' experi- ence, he devotes his entire attention to all the de- tails of his business. Mr. Hannan is a native of Ireland, but was reared in Baltimore. F. Pitzer & Co., Pharmacists, corner of Fifth and East Capitol Streets. — A prominent and well established pharmacy is that of Messrs. F. Pitzer & Co. Its popularity and success represent the result of ten years of capable and lionorable endeavor under the management of Mr. Pitzer. The store, which measures 20x60 feet, is conve- niently and appropriately fitted up, the appoint- ments are all of the best order, and every facility is at hand for the prosecution at the business. The large and complete stock carried comprises pure drugs, chemicals, pharmaceutical preparations, pro- prietary and family medicines, toilet and fancy articles, and, in fitct, everything to be found in any first-class drug establishment. Only the goods of the most reputable manufacturers and importers are liandled, and a full and distinct guarantee is given as to the integrity of every article sold. The compounding of physicians' prescriptions gives am- ple scope for the exercise of the thorough and searching knowledge of Mr. Pitzer. his professional experience covering many years, and involving an intimate familiarity with every technical detail of the business. The wants of patrons are sujiplied at any hour of the day or night. 118 CITY OF WASHINGTON. R. O. Ednionston, Wholesale Grocer and Dealer in Bakers', Confectioners', and Butchers' Supplies, No. 434 Ninth Street, N. W. — The whole- sale handling of Hour, general groceries, and pro- visions constitutes, as it is unnecessary to state, a branch of commercial activity of surpassing import- ance in every centre of trade and business in this country to-day. Engaged in this line Washington contains some excellent and noteworthy concerns, among which may be named the stable and reliable house of R. O. Edmonston, wholesale grocer and dealer in bakers', confectioners', and butchers' sup- plies, situated at No. 434 Ninth street, N. W., which is in all respects one of the leading and best- equipped establishments of the kind in the city, while its connections are of a most substantial and gratifying character. This nourishing and well- ordered house was founded in 187(), and being con- ducted on sound business principles and its man- agement characterized by energy and ability, Mr. Edmonston has from the start enjoyed a large and prosperous trade, the unefiuivocal excellence of the goods handled, coupled with upright and honora- ble dealing and close attention to the wants of cus- tomers, being among the special features contribut- ing to the positive and permanent success that has attended the enterprise from its inception. The premises occupied comprise the whole of a four- story building and basement, 25x90 feet in dimen- sions, and a heavy and A 1 stock is constantly car- ried, embracing the finest brands of Hour (including "Star of the West," "Belle of the Kitchen," and Minnesota patent), choice hams, smoked meats, canned goods, preserves, condiments, sauces, table luxuries, delicacies, syrups, molasses, rice, fish, soaps, etc., pure teas, coffees, and spices, aud a full and fine assortment of staple and fancy groceries. Some half a dozen clerks are employed, no pains being spared to render the utmost satisfaction in every instance to purchasers, and the trade, which is. exceedingly large, extends all over the District and environs, and is both wholesale and retail, the annual transactions altogether reaching a very handsome figure. Georg-e Hill, Jr., Potomac Paper Mills, Manufacturer and Dealer in Paper, Envelopes, Cards, Paper Bags, etc.. No. 432 Ninth Street, N. W. — The Potomac Paper Mills deserve conspic- uous mention for their long aud honorable ca- reer. This valuable enterprise has been in contin- uous operation since ISoO, and has not only ac- quired a high reputation for the excellence of its productions, but has also built up a trade the total of which is a leading feature in the aggregate of our annual business transactions. The mills occupy premises which are ample in dimensions, and the provision of machinery embraces the latest and most improved apjjliances. A large force of skilled hands are given profitable employment. The range of manufacture embraces news, book, and Manilla papers. The mills, located at corner Thirty-third aud K streets, are kept running to their full capacity, and the heaviest orders are filled with ease aud i)romptitude. The warehouse and salesroom comprise an entire floor 40x80 feet, with basement. A large stock is here carried at all times, the assortment including everything made in the mills, and the house is the centre of an ex- tensive and flourishing wholesale and retail trade. The proprietor, Mr. George Hill, Jr., is a man of ripe experience, intimately familiar with all the wants and requirements of the trade, and one of our progressive aud successful business men. Thomas G. Hensey, Eeal Estate Agent and General Conveyancer, Oflice,No. 1006 F Street, N. W. — Engaged in the real estate busine.ss in Washington no one sustains a higher reputation for reliability and integrity than Mr. Hensey, he being accounted one of the best judges of the jjresent and prospective values of both improved and unim- proved property in the city or environs. A resi- dence of eighteen years has enabled him to ac- quaint himself thoroughly with the value of Dis- trict property, and his training as a lawyer quali- fies him to prepare legal papers connected with real estate transactions accurately. He transacts a gen- eral real estate business, buying, selling, exchang- ing, and letting, attending also to the collection of rents and the management of estates, while insur- ance on eitlier property or life is placed in the best companies, Mr. Ilensey representing some of the leading and most reliable insurance institutions. Conveyancing in its every phase and feature is ex- ecuted, legal documents prepared, and all forms in- cidental to the purchase and sale of realty drawn up, and advances are made on bond and mortgage. Those who liave money to loan can secure safe in- vestments, and those who wish to procure loans on real estate can do so by calling from 8.30 a. m. to 4.30 p. M. The transactions extend all over the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Vir- ginia, and altogether a large and flourishing busi- ness is done. Mr. Hensey is a gentleman a£ cour- teous manners and strict probity in all his dealings, an esteemed member of Lincoln Post, G. A. K., having a creditable war record — a native of New York, he served in the Army of the Potomac al- most during the four years, sharing the checkered fortunes of the Seventh New York Cavalry throughout the campaigns. D. Elllis, Dealer in Staple and Fancy Gro- ceries, Fruits, Wines, Liquors, Cigars, etc., corner of Third and A Streets, S. E.— Mr. Dornia Ellis, who is a native of this city, has had a long practi- cal experience in the grocery trade, and has, during the seven years he has been in business on his own account, had the reputation for dealing only in pure goods. He has a fine store 25x')0 feet in size, admirably fitted up, and provided with every con- venience for the comfort of customers, and the display of the excellent stock, which embraces a large variety of articles such as directly relate to the general wants of the community, and includes everything in the line of staple and fancy groceries. The choicest teas and coffees, all kinds of foreign and domestic fruits, canned goods, table delicacies of all kinds, will y)e found pure and fresh in stock. Mr. Ellis is the agent for the far-famed "Silver Spray" flour (Minnesota patent), and of this he carries a large stock. He also deals extensively in the choicest foreign and domestic wines and liquors, cigars, tobacco, etc. Three courteous and attentive clerks and a delivery wagon are employed in the business, and a large and substantial trade is the result of close attention to the wants of customers. Mr. Ellis is a prominent member of the American Legion of Honor and of the Chosen Friends, and is very popular in the community. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 119 J. M. • Wlieatley , Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Coal and Wood, Lime, Plaster, and Cement, Office and Yard, corner of Second Street and Indiana Avenue ; Warehouse, foot of Tenth Street, S. W. ; Branch Office, No. 623 Louisiana Avenue, N. W. — ■ The coal interests of every large community must ever remain of the iirst importance, while the system by which the supply is received should be thoroughly organized and efficiently directed. A prominent factor in the coal and lime interest in the cicy of Washington is the establishment of Mr. J. M. Wheatley, who is widely known as a whole- sale and retail dealer in coal, wood, lime, plaster, and cement. His main office and yard is located at the corner of Second street and Indiana avenue, with a warehouse at the foot of Tenth street, S. W., and a brancli office at No. 623 Louisiana avenue, N. W. Mr. Wheatley has had fifteen years' expe- rience in this line of trade, and established his present enterprse in 1879. He is now accounted by those acquainted with the trade as the largest retail dealer in cement in this section of the United States. His trade in coal and wood is also of no inconsiderable magnitude and is yearly increasing in volume and importance. His yards each have the capacity for the storage of from four thousand to six tiiousand tons of coal, while the heavy de- mands of his customers necessitate the carrying of an immense stock and the employment of a large force of men and teams. The coal handled is noted for its uniform good quality, every bushel disposed of being fully guaranteed as coming up to the best standard of excellence. In the trade in plaster and cement the specialties handled are Newburgh plaster, Cumberland and Rosendale cement, and Union and Giant Portland cement. The trade of the house extends throughout Washington and the States of Maryland and Virginia, the rarest induce- ments being offered as to quality and price. Mr. Wheatley is a native of the District, intimately conversant with all the phases of his business, and a wide-awake and energetic business man. W. R. Brown, Fine Groceries, Teas, Wines Liquors, etc., Pennsylvania Avenue, Southwest cor- ner of Twentieth vStreet. — In the whole range of commercial enterprise no interest is of more im- portance than that representing the sale of groce- ries. This fact is recognized and appreciated by all intelligent and thoughtful people, and, there- fore, the matter of the selection of a dealer from whom to purchase our supplies calls for careful consideration and discriminating judgment. In this connection we take genuine pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to the widely known and reliable house of Mr. W. R. Brown, on Penn- sylvania avenue, at the southwest corner of Twen- tieth street, one of the oldest mercantile concerns of the city. It has been in continuous existence since 1836, having been founded in that year by Mr. Samuel Stott, and after passing through several changes, which will naturally occur in the course of sucii an extended career, tlie business passed into the hands of the ])resent proprietor in 1871. Mr. Brown deals heavily in fine groceries, wines, and liquors, and carries a stock of such magnitude tliat he is enabled to meet witli ease and promptitude any demand upon his resources and to accord ad- vantages to customers in the way of prices which cannot be easily duplicated elsewhere. Tlie store is 20x100 feet in dimensions, conveniently arranged throughout for the exhibition and inspection of goods, and filled to repletion with a splendid assort- ment of teas, coffees, sugars, flavors, spices, canned specialties, preserves, jellies, table delicacies of all kinds, and the choicest foreign and domestic wines and liquors. Mr. Brown has always made it a rule to iiandle none but the freshest, purest, and most wholesome merchandise. Orders are filled without delay and free delivery is made to all parts of the city, while the experienced and courteous clerks who are always in attendance make a visit to the establishment both pleasant and profitable. Mr. Brown is a native of the District of Columbia, a man of rare energy and business capacity, and one of the most responsible and trustworthy men con- nected with the grocery trade of the city. David Murphy, Proprietor of the Virginia Sale Stables, Nos. 458 and 460 Virginia Avenue, S. W. — One of the most popular and important livery, boarding, and sale establishments in Wash- ington is that known as the Virginia Sale Stables. This enterprise was founded twenty years ago by the present proprietor, Mr. David Murphy, and is generally recognized as one of the most desirable and reliable concerns of its kind in the city. The premises occupied comprise a commodious three- story building 60x140 feet in dimensions, which is fitted up in the most modern and approved style, well ventilated, drained, and lighted, and in charge of careful and experienced grooms and other assist- ants. Mr. Murphy has a large number of hand- some and stylish equipages and a stock of superior riding and driving hor.ses, which can be hired for business or pleasure, night or day, on the most moderate terms. All calls are promptly answered and engagements punctually met, the invariable rule being to allow no patron to suffer the least disappointment. The best of care is given to boarding horses, this department of the business being a special feature. In connection with his stables, Mr. Murphy conducts a general wheel- wright and blacksmithing shop, producing light vehicles of all kinds and giving particular atten- tion to painting and repairing. His work is thor- ough and all orders are executed without delay at the lowest prices. Philip F. Hall, Shirtmaker and Men's Fur- nisher, No. 908 F Street, N. W.— The fine dress shirts manufactured in this well and favorably known emporium are A 1 in every feature, in cut, fit, finish, comfort, and durability, patrons and pur- chasers being always assured of excellent value and satisfactory treatment here. This flourishing enterprise was started in 1870 by Mr. James Thomp- son, and after several changes it passed into the control of Messrs. Hall & Barnes in 1884, who continued the business with eminent success till the present year, when Mr. Hall assumed sole con- trol, having purchased Mr. Barnes' interest. The premises occupied comprise a 75x80-foot store, finely fitted up and completely equipped in every respect, and a heavy and first-class stock is con- stantly carried, embracing fine white shirts, the latest and most attractive novelties in neckwear, undergarments, fancy articles of gents' wear, and a complete assortment of men's furnishing goods. Four polite and efficient clerks are employed, and, altogether, a very large and substantial trade is done. 120 CJTV OF WASHINGTON. Samuel Lloyd, Inventor and Patentee of Lloyd's Patent Ventilating Window- Awning, No. 438' Seventli Street, N. \V.— One of tlie leading manufacturers in Washington of awnings, tents, wagon-covers, and every description of canvas ar- ticles is Mr. Samuel Lloyd, of No. -loS Seventh street, N. W., wlio first established this busii.ess in 1886, and althoiigli of recent origin it lias been the recipient of a very large and iniluential patronage. His store and otiices are handsomely litted up and Xo^ thoroughly equipped with every convenience neces- sary to conduct the large and rapidly increasing business. He carries a large line of materials of the very best manufacture and emplovs none but the most proficient and experienced workmen. In the department of awnings lie has mastered and overcome all the technical difficulties in their ar- chitectural planning, and is very seldom equaled and never excelled in his endeavors to please, while few manufacturers, if any, in this country enjoy such superior facilities. He is the inventor and patentee of Lloyd's patent ventilating window-awning, which in itself is a triumph of genius, skill, and science. It is the only awning that will give complete pro- tection from the sun and ventilate the room at the same time. A reduction of at least ten degrees in temperature is guaranteed. "The current of hot air that is formed under the cover of the awning in ascending past the lintel of the Mindow creates a vacuum that draws the heated air out of the apart- ment. In very hot and calm weather tlie greater the benefit derived from the use of this awning. It can also be tiirown out at the top and used as a re- flector to throw light into a dark room and can be lowered under the lintel and drawn in close out of a storm in the same way as an old-style awning." Simple and easy in its management and construc- tion, it is plainly evident that it will soon super- sede the old style, wliicli can ea.sily be altered to the new invention. Tiiose who have used his ven- tilating awning in this city speak of it in the high- est praise, and physicians have recommended its use to invalids as being a perfect ventilator. Mr. Lloyd is a native of Philadelphia, but has carried on business in Washington for twenty-five years, is personally very popular, and enjoys tiie fullest con- fidence of tlie comnuniity. Mr. Lloyd is also sole agent in Washington for the " perfect hand fire extinguisher." It is a hand syringe containing one quart of chemical fluid whiuii absolutely extin- guishes fire. It contains no acid or nothing to in- jure the finest fabrics. It is safe, sure, simple, and always ready, and a child can use it. Besides, its cost is a mere trifle. Millions of dollars could have been saved from destruction by fire in all the great recent tires that have swept away some of the finest blocks and buildings in several of our cities had this simple extinguisher been on liand to use when the fire was first discovered. Ko farm, business, or private house, hotels, places of amusement, schools, or even churches, should be without a supply of these perfect hand fire extinguishers. Sold at twelve dollars per dozen. The Capital Steam Laundry, No. 512 Eighth Street, N. W., J. Schaaft" and Miss A. E. Chase. — One of the most extensive and popular laundries in the city, and which has a high rejjuta- tion for doing first-class work and has the " lion's share" of the fine work of families resident in the city, is the Capital Steam Laundry. This CTiterprise was founded in 1870 (m F street, between Ninth and Tenth streets, and five years ago was removed to its present location. The premises occupied comprise two buildings, one fronting on Eighth street and the other situated in the rear. The front structure is three stories high and 25x70 feet in dimensions. The rear building is of similar height and measures 30x60 feet. The best me- chanical appliances incident to the business are in operation, driven by a steam engine of ten and a steam boiler of twenty-five horse-powers. In the various departments a staff of forty assistants are employed and the utmost care is exercised in the washing and ironing of fabrics, and notably of shirts, collars, and cuffs. Orders for work have prompt attention. The proprietors, J. L. Schaafl'and Miss A. E. Chase, have had long expe- rience at tiie business. M. E. Shipley, Dealer in Boots and Shoes, No. 205 Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — Mr. j\L E. Shipley first began business on his own account fifteen years ago on D street, where he remained until a few months ago, when he removed to his present premises. The store has a frontage of 25 feet and a dei)th of 80 feet, and it is attractively fitted up and provided with every ajjpliance for the success- ful prosecution of the business. The stock is a large and well-selected one, and embraces everything novel and fashionable in tlie linesof boots, shoes, si ijipers, and rubbers for men, boys, ladies, misses, and chil- dren, and these are offered at prices which cannot be excelled, if equaled, by any other boot and slioe concern in the city. Custom work and repairing form a leading feature in the business, and the boots and shoes produced to order at this liouse combine elegance, comfort, and durability. A staflT of competent hands is employed, and all work is executed under the personal supervision of Mr. Shipley, who is a practical shoemaker of long experience. He is a native of Maryland, and for the past twelve years has resided in Washington. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 121 A. K. Duryee, Architect, No. 1006 F Street, N. W. — In tliis review we have already made some general remarks upon the cliaracter of those enter- prises which have done so much to promote the beauty of tliis city, and it becomes necessary to de- vote a brief space liere to that profession known as architect, the source from which emanated the first conception of tliose grand and imposing build- ings which decorate our capital and which have dotted our campania with beautiful and artis- tic dwellings. Among those who have made this their calling, special attention is given to Mr. A. ii. Duryee, architect, whose office is at No. 1006 F street, N. W., where he started in 1880 and car- ried on business up to 1883, when he removed to Philadelphia, coming back a year ago to reoccupy the above place. Mr. Duryee received a thorough technical education, which, combined with the yiractical experience he has had since he started business, acquired for him an excellent patronage and the promise of permanent success in his call- ing. He is prepared to execute all commissions intrusted to him with utmost promptness and with fidelity to every detail of the subject, and his record in this respect has already won for him a name throughout the capital and vicinity. He occupies pleasant quarters and employs two assistants. Mr. Duryee has constructed many light, well-ventilated, healthy houses, public buildings, etc., among whicii we may mention tiie dwellings of Messrs. David \. Winson, Helphensiein & Frazier, and many others. He is a native of Connecticut and h:is resided in this city for the last eighteen years. The resi-- dences of Messrs. Helphenstein & Frazier are among the handsomest of Washington, D. C, being built of white marble and very pretty in design, with roof of green slate. Over the front door there is a poi-ch with roof covered with green slate also. They are finished in hard woods. There are oiien grates and handsome wood mantels, and, on the whole, the houses are very attractive and well arranged. G. Gr. C. Siinms, Pharmaceutist, corner of Fourteenth Street and New York Avenue. — One of the best known and most popular chemists and druggists in the city is Mr. G. G. C. Simms. His store, centrally and conveniently located on the corner of Fourteenth street and New York avenue, is handsomely fitted up with elegant show-cases, soda-water fountain, counters, etc., and is one of the most attractive places in its line in this popu- lous section of the city. The business was origi- nally founded in 1863 under the firm style of Sparks & Simms. Four years later Mr. Sparks retired, and Mr. Simms has ever since been the sole proprietor He was born in Washington, is a graduate and director of the National College of Pharmacy, and a member of the American Pharma- ceutical Association. Purity of drugs and chem- icals forms a specialty with Mr. Simms, and he car- ries in his stock a full and complete assortment of everything that [jroperly belongs to the business of the druggist and pharmacist, including first-cla^^s drugs and chemicals, standard pharmaceutical preparations and patent medicines, choice per- fumery and pomades, select toilet soaps and fancy articles, English hair, nail, and tooth brushes, hand mirrors, tooth washes, soaps, and powders, shoulder braces, and silk elastic stockings of all sizes, soda and mineral waters, etc. The greatest care and attention are paid to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, and Mr. Simms being a thoroughly educated druggist, customers can always rely ihat medicines will be prepared with accuracy and dispatch at any hour of the day or night. Mr. Simms is the manufac- turer of several s[)ecialties, among which may be mentioned Simms' Colognes, soda mint, and Simms'' koumiss. He employs four clerks, and has a patron- age large and influential in its character, a fact demonstrating that he is accorded the confidence and esteem of the public. James K. Probey, Carriage Manufacturer,. Repository, No. 1280 Thirty -second (High) Street; Factory, No. 3240 Prospect Avenue. — This gentle- man has been established in the above business during the past, eighteen years, and has become noted for the beauty, style, and excellence of work- manship of the various carriages and light wagons he turns out. The factory building, which is lo- cated at No. 3240 Prospect avenue, is a substantial structure 25x100 feet in size, having two fioors. It is divided into different departments, and ten skilled workmen are kept constantly employed. The repositoi-y, which is at No. 1230 Thirty -second street, is also 25x100 feet in dimensions, and con- tains many beautiful specimens of Mr. Probey's handiwork, including buggies, phaetons, and car- riages of every description, and light wagons for the road, driving, and traveling. The Wren cele- t)rated truck is used on all heavy spring wagons for business purposes, and is highly esteemed for dura- bility and safety. Connected with the factory is a repair dejiartment which is under the supervision of tlie proprietor, who gives particular attention to i-epairing and painting and trimming carriages, light wagons, etc. Mr. l-'robey, who is a native of the District of Columbia, is well and favorably known throughout tlie community. Mr. Probey also conducts a repository for carriages of al 1 de- scriptions of his own manufacture, and the better class of work from the most celebrated manufac- turers of tlie country, at the corner of New Y'ork avenue and Sixth street. This repository is 35x80 feet in dimensions, two stories in height, and con- tains tiie best and largest stock of spring wagons, harness, buggies, and carriages of the latest styles in the city. Mrs. M. Blircli, Dealer in Dry and Fancy Goods, etc.. No. 1602 Seventh Street^ N. W.— This attractive and successful business enterprise was founded seven years ago by the present proprie- tress, who is a lady of high business attainments, and who makes a success of every undertaking at- tempted by her. The stock displayed is large and complete in every line dealt in, including the best articles of foreign and domestic manufacture in dry and fancy goods, felts, worsteds, embroidery mate- rial, etc., and all the latest styles are represented. A specialty is made of embroidery and stamping, and designs, estimates, etc., are furnished customers. Stamping patterns are supplied in variety and in the most artistic designs. Pinking and stamping are done to order on reasonable terms. Mrs. Burch employs three competent assistants and enjoys a large city and suburban trade. Mrs. Burch is a native of New Y'ork and has lived in Washington since 1861. She is a lady of admirable accom- ])lishment and has demonstrated fully her abilitj" t) successfully conduct a mercantile enterprise. 122 CITY OF WASHINGTON. William F. "Lxitz, Rubber Stamps, Engraver on Wood and Metal, No. tJo2 G Street, N. W.— Mr. William F. Liitz, engraver on wood and metal and manufacturer of rubber stamps, is deserving of very favorable mention in the pages of this review. The enterprise was inaugurated in 1872 by the present proprietor, whose experience dates back many years, and to wliom belongs the distinction of having, in 18o5, made the first rub})er type pro- duced in this country. Born in (iermany, he crossed the ocean in 1860 and located in Philadel- phia, Chicago, and Baltimore, from whence he came to Washington, and started in business for himself in 1873. The premises occupied are spa- cious and conveniently arranged, and tiie provision of tools, appliances, and other accessories is such that orders of any magnitude are executed in the promptest and most reliable manner. Mr. Lutz gives his attention to engraving of every descrip- tion on wood and metal, such as advertising illus- trations or posters, wedding and visiting cards, steel stamps and alphabets, regalias, emblems, and jewels for lodges and societies, etc., and stands with- out a superior as a manufacturer of rubber stamps and kindred productions. A large and complete stock is kept constantly on hand, including wax seals and seal presses and dating and plain stamps of all patterns, and all work turned out by this es- tablishment is thoroughly artistic and eminently satisfactory. Mr. Lutz receives the patronage of all the departments of the United States Govern* ment, doing the major portion of the work which they require and commanding general favor on ac- count of the finished character of his services. The trade of the house comes from all quarters of the country. Mr. Lutz is now, and has been for the last eight years, employed as one of the most skill- ful engravers for the (lovernment in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, while the office business tinder his own supervision is now conducted by A. G. Lvitz, his son, a young gentleman of marked abilities as an engraver. Suiimel W. Aug-enstein, Wholesale Dealer in China, Glass, and Crockeryware, Housefurnish- ings, Baby-Carriages,Trunks, Toys, etc., Nos 817,819 and 821 Seventh Street, N. W. — The housefurnish- ing trade of the city of Washington is well represented by Mr. Samuel W. Augenstein, who oc- cupies two stores at Nos. 817, 819, and 821 Seventh street, in the northwestern section of the city. These extensive salesrooms, each 25x110 feet in dimensions, are connected witli each other, and both af-e fitted up in creditable and tasteful style and are completely filled with a heavy and attractively arranged stock of china, glass and crockeryware, kitchen utensils, bric-a-brac, mantel ornaments, lamps, and lampgoods, cutlery of foreign and domes- tic manufacture, bird-cages, haby-carriages, trunks, valises, satchels, hand-bags, purses, toys, wooden- ware, brooms, and an exhaustive assortment of housefurnishings and fancy articles of every de- scription. A specialty is made of the broom and woodenware departments, and tiieassortmentshown is of a very superior nature. Both a wholesale and retail trade is carried on, the house having a trade tliat reaches throughout Maryland and the District. A staff of eight active salesladies are em- ployed in the establishment. The business of this house was founded ten years ago by Mr. Augenstein, Mr. Samuel W. Augenstein succeeding to the own- ership in ISSo. This gentleman was born in New York city and came to Washington fifteen years ago to assume control of his present business, and is a gentleman of vast practical experience in his line of trade. E. B. Bury, Pharmacist, Manufacturer of Perfumery, Flavoring P^xtracts, Essences, etc., cor- nerof Eleventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E. — The reliable pharmacy of Mr. E. B. Bury has been for a decade and a half one of the leading en- terjirises of its kind in the city. Mr. Bury has had long and mature experience, is a gentleman of rare professional skill, and his management is as popular as it is careful and liberal. The elegantly ap- pointed store is l')x40 feet in dimensions, provided with every facility anti convenience for the proper prosecution of affairs, and contains at all times a large and complete stock of pure drugs, chemicals, standard proprietary and family remedies, pharma- ceutical preparations, fancy and toilet articles, and druggists' sundries of every description. The goods are purchased from the most reputable sources, selected with care and judgment, and cus- tomers receive a distinct gviarantee as to the quality of everything handled and sold. The prescription department is managed with consummate ability and is accorded a large and influential patronage. The work is in the hands of expert pharmacists and accuracy and precision obtain in every de- tail. Orders receive prompt attention at any hour of the day or night, and the charges are always just and reasonable. Mr. Bury is a nuinufacturer of perfumery, flavoring extracts, essences, etc., and his productions have secured a deserved popularity on account of their imiform superiority. Mr. I'ury is a native of the District of Columbia, a member of the National College of Pharmacy and of the American Pharmaceutical Association. For the convenience of patrons and the public a branch is conducted at No. 300 East Capitol street. John G. Slater, Dealer in Furniture, Carpets, Oil-Cloths, Matting, etc., Nos. 310 and312 Pennsyl- vania Avenue, S. E. — Mr. John G. Slater, dealer in furniture, carpets, oil-cloths, and housefurnishing goods, enjoys the distinction of being the first in the business to introduce the system of installment payments into the District of Colimibia, a feature that has since been adopted by the less progressive concerns in this line here. Mr. Slater, who is a native of Virginia and a resident of Washing- ton since 1876, established himself in business in the city about seven years ago, starting on Seventh street, N. W., where he continued for one year, moving toC street, N. E., Avhere he remained up to September, 188(3, and then moved to the jiresent de- sirable location, and here he has built up an exten- sive and flourishing trade and handles an excellent and reliable line of goods. The premises occupied com- prise a 32xl50-footstructure, running through from Pennsylvania avenueto B street, and a heavy and su- perior stock is carried, embracing plain and artistic furniture of all kinds, parlor and chamber suits, carpets, oil-cloths, mattings, rugs, mirrors, bedding, and a full and fine assortment of housefurnishing goods, sales being made for cash or on the in.stall- ment plan when desired by purchasers. vSeveral efiicient assistants are employed, while a wagon is in steady service delivering orders all over the city and suburbs. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. VIZ E. Morrison, Wholesale Dealer in Paper, Blank-Books, Paper Bags, Twines, etc., Nos. 805 and 807 D Street,N. W . — This reliable house was founded by Mr. Morrison nineteen years ago. His trade now extends throughout the District of Coiumbia and Maryland, and also in the neighboring States. The premises occupied comprise a superior store and basement, 40x100 feet in dimensions, fully equipped with every facility and appliance for the accommodation of the large and valuable stock. The assortment includes all descriptions of paper blank-books, paper bags, twines, confectioners' boxes, etc., which are absolutely unsurpassed. Mr. Morrison was the first wholesale dealer in paper in Washington, D. C. He is one of the inventors of "The Morrison & Herron Paper Tester," which was patented in the United States January 15th, 1884, and likewise is now protected by letters patent in foreign countries. The accompanying diagrams show " The Morrison & Herron Paper Tester." The attention of the paper trade is invited to the Morrison & Herron paper tester, thickness, gauge, and weighing beam, three macliines in one. This is the only machine yet invented by which the relative weight, thickness, and strength of paper can be accurately tested and determined. It tests the strength of the paper on a new princi- ple, breaking the fabric within the edges of the sheet. It gives the weight to two hundred pounds to the ream, the strength to one hundred and seventy-two pounds to the inch, and the tfiickne.ss to the one-sixteen-thousandth of an inch. The machine differs from all others heretofore invented in the following prominent particulars: It gives the weight, thickness, and strength of paper, either, or all, as may be desired. It is the first machine ever presented to the trade by which the thickness of paper could be determined, it indicates the least variation of thickness, and thus enables an accurate comparison between different sheets both as to thickness and strength. It can be applied with perfect accuracy, as to weight, thickness, and strength, to a smaller piece of paper than can be tested by any other machine. AH tlie tests can be applied to a piece of paper three inches square. It indicates with the greatest nicety the slightest variation or inequality in the thickness of paper, and enables a test as to the thickness and strength of a sheet to be made, at all points, without cutting into strips or destroying its form. By its use the manufacturer working upon orders is enabled to obtain the exact thickness of his paper, to secure uniformity of thickness in all parts of the web, and to detjermine the weight and strength of tiie paper while in piocess of manufacture, thus allowing him to perfect his processes and make accurate com- parison by actual tests as to weight, thickness, and strength with the order sample upon which he is running. It will enable dealers and consumers to determine whether paper delivered is in weight, thickness, and strength equal to the sample upon which the order was given, thus preventing disputes or litigation as to quality, or if differences on these points exist, affording a ready, impartial, and accurate means of determining what these differ- ences are. The Morrison *4 Herron tester obtained widespread notoriety through the press soon after it was patented, and within the past few months by its having been adopted by the Post-(Jffice Department as the standard in testing the strength and thickness of goods furnished under contract with the Government and upon which tests large quantities of envelopes and paper were recently rejected and old contracts canceled and new ones made. Tliis machine is now in use in most of the Departments in Washington, and in the mills and offices of several of the largest manufacturers and dealers in the country, and gives entire satisfaction. Full directions accompany each machine, wliose I)rice, securely boxed and shipped, is $150. This splendid paper tester is highly commended by Mr. William Whiting, of the Whiting Paper Company, one of the largest manufacturers of wriiing paper in the world, and also by Messrs. A. M. Collins, Son & >Co., of Phihidelpiiia, the leading card and card- board makers of the country. They are likewise used and appreciated by Carter, Rice & Co., of Boston, Mass. ; Holyoke Paper Company, Holyoke, Mass.; The Powers Paper Company, Springfield, Mass, and White, Corbin & Co., Rockville, Conn. William J. Bacon, General Engraver and Designer, No. 935 Pennsylvania Avenue. — Among the skillful and efficient engravers on metal may be mentioned Mr. William J. Bacon, of No. 935 Penn- sylvania Avenue, who started business in 1885. Mr. Bacon is a gentleman of great experience and is a tiiorough master of his profession. He spent a number of years in the employ of Messrs. Harris & Schafer, jewelers, of this city, where he did all their fine engraving and designing. In this charac- ter of work some of the " specimens to be seen at his office are of the very finest order. His work- shop is spacious and is well fitted up, being equipped with the necessary facilities for doing all kinds of fine designing and engraving, such as that of build- ings, machinery, color work, autographs, picture work, catalogues, cuts, etc., and since its inception Mr. Bacon has done an extensive trade in and around the capital, his productions and his rea- sonable prices giving entire satisfaction to his nu- merous patrons. Mr. Bacon is a native of Boston. .124 CITY OF IV A SUING TON Lansburgli & Brother, Dry Goods, Cloaks, and Fancy Goods, Nos. 420, 422, 424. and 42G !Sev- enth Street, N. W. — As one of the great centres of trade in the United States, Washington has of re- cent years made rapid and substantial progress in every branch of mercantile activity, but in no sphere on a scale of such magnitude as in that of sive and influential circles of customers in the coun- try. Messrs. Lansburgh tt Brother are typical American merchants, wliose close application to business and talented ajipreciation of ihe wants of tiie public, combined with equitable dealings in all transactions, are the bases upon which they liave built up their reputation and business, their palatial dry and fancy goods. One of the leading and rep- resentative houses engaged in the dry goods trade in this city is that of Messrs. Lansburgh & Brother, whose extensive establishment is centrally and eli- gibly located at Nos. 420 to 42() Seventh street, N.AV. This progressive house was founded by the pre-;- cnt })roprictors in ISGl, and since its inception at that date they have built up one of the most exten- store being a lasting source of credit to themselves and to Washington, in which it is so permanently located. Tiie i)remises occupied are spacious and comprise a splendid live-story building 80x220 feet in dimensions. The interior is fitted up and fur- nislied in keeping with the correct taste and sound judgment of the proj)rietors. No pains or expense have been spared that skill and capital can devise LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 125 to make it complete in all its appointments, in- cluding elevators, electric lights, automatic cash system, etc. So far as the character of the stock and its extent are concerned, it may be stated that it is unsurpassed by that of any other contemporary concern, it embraces a diversity simply impos- sible to describe in dress goods, from the cheapest prints to tlie most expensive silks, satins, velvets, etc. Here, for instance, in the silk department, we find every color and shade at present fashion- able, including some of the most beautiful silks ever imported, which are offered at astonishingly low prices. In the dress department of Messrs. Lansburgh & Brother ladies have always found the greatest variety from which to make selections. The suit and cloak department is likewise a great attraction and is famous far and wide. The stock also includes ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing goods, hosiery, linens, woolens, cottons, and mixed articles of every description, fancy notions, books, stationery, etc., all quoted at the firm's uniformly low prices. The goods of this responsible house have no superiors in this or any other market. One hundred and eighty salesladies, salesmen, etc., are employed, who are noted for their courtesy and obliging manners. Messrs. Lansburgh & Brother are both natives of Hamburg, Germany, but have resided in Washington for the last quarter of a century, where they are highly esteemed for their business ability, enterprise, and integrity. All their operations are conducted witli a scrupulous regard for the interests of patrons, and business relations entered into with this firm are certain to become as pleasant as they will be profitable and satisfactory to all concerned. Franz Friedrich, Manufacturing Jeweler and Engraver, Factory and Oiiice, No. 520 Tenth Street, between E and F Streets. — In the manufac- ture of jewelry, engraving, and the setting and mak- ing of diamond articles, Mr. F. Friedrich has gained ■considerable distinction during the time he has been in business. Mr. Friedrich was born in Germany thirty-two years ago, and at an early age was sent by his parents to Rome, Italy, to study the art of designing in the Reale Acadewia Romana di San Luca, and to complete his trade in making Roman and precious stones, jewelry, diamond set- ting, enameling, and engraving, under the direction of the weil-known master, Castellani. He re- mained there five years, and then obtained employ- ment as a ])ractical workman in all the principal cities of Italy and a portion of Germany. He came to this country in 1880, and established his business in this city in 1882. At No. 520 Tenth street, N. W., he occupies a spacious and hand- somely appointed store 26x100 feet in dimensions, and possesses every facility for the manufacture of jewelry, including all the latest improved tools and machinery. This is unquestionably the finest man- ufacturing and engraving establishment in the city of Washington. An experience of eighteen years has enabled Mr. Friedrich to perform all classes of work in first-class style. All engraving, designing, diamond setting, and jewelry manufacturing is done in his own factory. He keeps no stock of jewelry, but manufactures anything in this line to order at short notice. Among his specialties are diamonds, opals, moonstones, pearls, rubies, sapphires, etc., artistic jewelry for presentation, including prizes for academies, schools, rowing, rifle, shooiing, and all athletic sports, society and club badges, medals, and pins, also badges for military, odd pieces of jewelry made of gold or silver from designs fur- nished" by customers, plain and flat band rings made to order, old gold and silver taken in exchange, or, if desired, will use same gold or silver in making any article of jewelry, monograms, inscriptions, in- itials, names, crests, coats-of-arms, etc., engraved on jewelry, watches, silver, and silver-plated ware, dog collars, canes, etc., monograms designed for em- broideries, metal plates for inscriptions of gold, sil- ver, brass, nickel, etc., of every variety and design made and engraved, gold and diamond jewelry re- paired and altered and lost parts I'eplaced in the best possible manner. He formerly operated a branch store on Ninth street, but has given it up, and now has all his business on Tenth street. J. F. McKenney, Sewing-Machines, No. 427 Ninth Street, N. W.— Mr. J. F. McKenney has had many years' experience as a dealer in sewing- machines and is familiar with all the various sew- ing.-machines that are manufactured. He is the agent for the renowned "New White," the "Auto- matic Silent White," the "Household," the " New Home," the "Domestic," and the "Boston" ma- chines, which are pronounced among the best in the world and are held in the highest estimation by all who use them. Mr. McKenney furnishes these machines at manufacturers' prices and also on easy monthly payments. He also rents and re- pairs sewing-machines, and is especially engaged in dealing in all the different machines made by the best manufacturers in the country. His estab- lishment is also known as the " Universal Pattern House," from which is issued the album of fashions, and is also the headquarters for paper patterns, which will be sent to any address on receipt of price. Mr. McKenney also conducts a large sewing- machine establishment at No. 136 West Fayette street, Baltimore. The business has been estab- lished in that city thirty years and in Washington I since 1879. Mr. McKenney is from Maine, origi- I nally, .-md resides in Baltimore. Mr. J. B. Rich- mond is manager of the Washington office. James H. Marr, Real Estate and Insurance Agent, No. 936 F Street, N. W. — A prominent, re- liable, and representative establishment in the real estate business is that of Mr. James H. Marr. This house was originally established in 1878, and in 1885 he disposed of his interest to Mr. Duvall. Mr. Marr was formerly a member of the firm of Duvall & 'Marr. He employs six assistants and is carrying on an excellent business as a general real estate and insurance agent. He buys, sells, leases, rents, and exchanges real estate of all kinds, negotiates loans and mortgages, advances money to builders, collects rents, takes entire charge of estates, secures responsible tenants, places insur- ance, and maintains all property placed in his charge at the highest standard of productive effi- ciency. On his booi the firm style of Adams & Beall. This copartner- ship was continued until June, 1886, when Mr. Adams retired from the firm and Mr. Beall became sole proprietor. This gentlen)an is a native of Washington, and is a well and favorably known | citizen, being popularly known through his con- nection before entering this business with many well-known local firms and his occupying of the offices of commissioner of deeds for every State and Territory of the United States in the District of Columbia. He employs three competent assistants in his office, and is carrying on an excellent busi- ness as a general real estate and insurance agent, giving his attention to the pui'chase and sale of imjiroved and unimproved real estate, leasing and renting property, collecting rents, investing money, taking charge of estates, and negotiating loans on bond and mortgage. He is agent for the New York Bowery and the North British Mercantile and Western, of Pittsburg, fire insurance compa- nies, and issues policies of insurance in those as well as all the strong, reputable companies of the world. He is patronized by citizens from all parts of the District, Maryland, and Virginia, and enjoys the thorough confidence and esteem of all who have business transactions with him. William H. Nalley, Bookbinder, Paper Ruler, and Blank-Book Manufacturer, corner of Ninth and E Streets, N. W. — This concern was founded at its present location twenty-eight years ago, and it has since developed a very extensive trade. The premises occupied at the address indi- cated consist of a floorage 20x7-") feet, and are fitted up with all the latest improved machinery. Mr. Nalley is ready at all times to adopt any improve- ment that is possessed of merit, and his success has been, to a great extent, the result of this spirit of enterprise. A competent staff' of operatives are employed, and the house executes all descriptions of binding, paper ruling, and blank-book manu- facturing, a specialty being made of blank books of all kinds. Particular attention is also given to binding of magazines, and the re-binding, etc., of valuable books. Some of the finest specimens of binding have been executed by this house, and the prices can fully compete with tliose of contemporary concerns. Mr. Nalley, who is an expert in his line of trade, is a native of this city and a promi- nent and esteemed member of the Masonic body. He is a Mexican veteran and was a member of the fourth company of volunteers in first call of seventy-five thousand troops in 1861. The Oriole, Dry Goods, Ladies' and Gentle- men's Furnishing Goods. Hosiery, Notions, Rib- bons, etc., No. 822 Seventh Street, N. W., L. Grad- wohl, Proprietor. — This establishment has acquired the enviable reputation for being the very cheapest place for the purchase of dry goods of every descrip- tion, ladies' and gentlemen's furnishings, hosiery, notions, ribbons, etc., and it goes without saying that it is only the magnitude of his business whicli enables him to sell at so trifiinga pi-ofit. Mr. Grad- wohl, who is a native of France, started business on Twenty -second and G streets, in this city, twenty-five years ago, and two years ago removed to his present store, known as the Oriole. This store has a ca- pacity of 25x100 feet, is splendidly lighted, hand- somely fitted up, admirably arranged, and stocked to repletion with an excellent selection of goods in tiie lines already named. A large and brisk trade is done throughout the city and suburbs, and cour- teous and prompt service is given to all customers. Mr. Gradwohl is also proprietor of the business conducted under the style of the Chicago Grocery Company in the same block. G. A. Orrison, Boarding, Hiring, and Sale Stables, Nos. 468 and 470 C Street, N. W. Tele- phone Call 862-2. — This flourishing livery busi- ness is one of the leading, largest, and best-equipped establishments of the kind in Washington, and was originally started in 1870 at Martinsburg, W. Va. (a branch being subsequently established at Hagerstown, Md.), where it was conducted up to 1881, when, in order to secure a wider field for the exercise of energy and skill, Mr. Geyer moved the business to this city, settling in his present location, where it has since been continued with eminent success. On November 15th, 1886, he sold out to G. A.Orrison. The premises occupied comprise an entire three-story 60xl20-foot struc- ture, supplied with every facility and completely equipped in every respect with the most improved appliances. The stable possesses accommodations for over seventy-five horses, with a capacity for an equal number of vehicles, and carriages, wagons, and buggies of every style and variety are kept constantly on hand. Horses are tnkenon livery by day or month, and first-class teams of every de- scription furnished at all hours, and, altogether, a very large and substantial trade is done, both branches of the business being extensively patron- ized. Mr. Orrison is a young man, and is a native of Leesburg, Va. He is a man of push and excellent business capacity, as well as sterling in- tegrity. 132 CITY OF WASHINGTON. T. J. W. Robertson, American and For- eign Patent Solicitor, Expert in Patent Causes, etc., No. 60') Seventh Street. — One of the most expert and successful attorneys for the prosecution of ap- plications for patents before the United States Pat- ent Office is Mr. T. J. W. Robertson, whose office is located at No. 605 Seventh street. This gentle- man is an expert in patent causes, of large experi- ence and establislied reputation, and has been es- tablished in business here since 1876, and for thirty years and upward has been engaged in the patent business, doing the work of thousands of private parties and manufacturing concerns, and being fre- quently employed as a mechanical expert by tlie United States Treasury and Judiciary Department and by the counsels for the City of Washington, New York, and Brooklyn, the New York and Erie Railway, and the Western Union Telegraph Com- panies. He has also acted as counsel and attorney for such well-known and important corporations as the Van Deporte Electric Light Company, the Wilson Sewing Machine Company, and the Albany Agricultural Works, as well as for many of the largest manufacturing houses in the country. Mr. Robertson does not do business on the " no patent, no pay " system, but makes his charges reasonable, in accordance with the value of his services to the inventor. Inventors should always avoid the class of solicitors whose sole object is to get some kind of a patent, without regard to its quality, with as little trouble as they can, so that they may get their fee the quicker, and are thus filling the coun- try with worthless patents. This system has been often denounced by diflferent commissioners of pat- ents, and many of the solicitors who liave followed this system have been prevented from practicing in the Patent Office for defrauding their clients. Mr. Robertson personally attends to the preparation and prosecution of every case intrusted to his care, and his papers tiled for his clients in the Patent Office are distinguished for their accuracy, wisdom, and perfect understanding of the case in hand. Should a case be rejected by the Office he argues it with the examiner, or amends it as the case re- (juires witliout extra charge, while rejected cases have always received his special attention, and with them he has been eminently successful. A large portion of his business consists in prosecuting cases for other attorneys who have had such cases rejected, and he seldom fails in procuring favorable consideration on a good patent. He is thoroughly prepared to apply for patents in all foreign coun- tries, and will send full instructions on application. Mr. Robertson is a native of England, a leader in his profession in this city, and known as a reliable, capable, and trustworthy gentleman in all the rela- tions of life. Bean & Cox, Fine Family Groceries, Provi- sions, Meats, etc., No. 440 Seventh, corner E Street, S. W. — Both members of this firm have been con- nected with the grocery trade for the past ten years, and established their present business here early in 1886. They deal extensively in fine family gro- ceries, meats, provisions, etc., and occupy a fine, large store 20x100 feet in dimensions, provided with every convenience and facility for the prose- cution of their business upon a large scale. Their stock embraces a full line of staple and fancy gro- ceries, including teas, coffees, spices, flour, canned goods, lunch goods, preserves, pickles, soap, starch. table delicacies and condiments ; also, salt and fresh meats, foreign and domestic fruits, vegetables in their season, and general country produce. The stock is large, choice, and fresh, received direct from the most reputable sources of supply, and oflered at prices which are safe from successful com- petition. Four clerks and salesmen are employed^ goods are promptly delivered free of charge, and a large and tirst-class trade has been built up. The members of the firm are Messrs. Clarence Bean and William Cox, both natives of the city. James Keleber, Livery and Hiring Stables, Nos. 423, 425, and 427 Eighth Street. — One of the most prominent livery stables at the National Capi- tal is thatof Mr. James Keleber, located at Nos. 423, 425, and 427 Eighth street. This house was founded in 1836 by the present proprietor, and has always held a leading position in this city in its special line of trade. The premises occupied comprise a two-story building 70x125 feet in dimensions, and the stables are well lighted, ventilated, and drained, while every attention is given by careful grooms to the care and welfare of the stock. Accommoda- tions are provided for forty-tive horses, and a splendid line is constantly kept for hire at reason- able rates. The line of vehicles comprises carriages, buggies, phaetons, and coupes, all of stylish appear- ance, and experienced drivers are furnished when required. The proprietor has had large experience in the care, treatment, and training of horses, and is considered a reliable authority upon the subject. He has built up his business by honorale, legiti- mate, and painstaking methods, by strict attention to details, and by courteous and liberal treatment of patrons and the public, being careful, at the same time, to have his equipages furnished in the finest style, his horses safe, speedy, and reliable, and to place his charges at a fair and reasonable figure. Mr. Keleher is one of the representative men in his line of trade, and richly deserves the success, he has achieved. W. Nordling'er, Clothier and Merchant Tailor, Men's Furnishings, etc.. No. 3103 Bridge Street, Georgetown. — Mr. W. Nordlinger lias been in business at No. 3108 Bridge street as a general outfitter for the past quarter of a century. He was born in France and left his native land for the United States thirty-five years ago. Twenty-five years since he came to Washington and opened his present store, which is one of the finest and most attractive establishments in its line of business to be found on Bridge street. It has a frontage of 25 feet and a depth of 100 feet, and it is elegant in its fixtures and furnishings. A heavy stock of ready-made goods is carried, and this embraces garments of every description for men, youths, and boys. These goods are made up fiom the finest and most reliable materials, in the prevailing fashions, and in the best style of workmanship. In the cus- tom department is to be found a large and varied stock of French, English, and German woolens, em- bracing the latest patterns in the markets. A large staff of competent hands are employed, and all goods sent out from tliis house are warranted to be perfect in fit and exactly as represented. Mr. Nordlinger also deals extensively in gentlemen's furnishing goods, and in this class of articles the latest foreign and domestic novelties are always represented on his shelves and counters. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 133 Robert McMurray, Jr., Broker in Gro- ceries, No. 805 Market 8pace. — Tlie commercial interests of Washington present no more important or active feature than the wholesale trade in gro- ceries of all kinds, which has justly attained pro- portions of the greatest magnitude. Prominent among the leading houses engaged in the hrokerage business in the above line is tliat of which Mr. Robert McMurray, Jr., is the proprietor. This gentleman founded his enterprise here in ISS-t, and has since developed a trade of important propor- tions and acquired the fullest contidence of the commercial public. As a merchandise broker lie deals most extensively in all descriptions of gro- ceries, his connections and facilities in the market are unsurpassed, and he promptly fills the largest orders at closest current quotations. Mr. McMur- ray is special agent in Washington for the follow- ing leading concerns : Joseph Campbell & Co., of Philadelphia, dealers in fruits and canned goods; Alexander Kerr, Bro. & Co., of Baltimore, salt dealers, and Louis Elmer &l Son, of Baltimore, manufacturers of vinegar and cider. His finely equipped salesroom is located at No. 8()5 Market space, occupying an area of 20.x40 feet, and it at all times contains a large stock of samples of the choice merchandise handled by this house. The proprie- tor is recognized in commercial circles as being an experienced judge of all goods handled in his line of business, so that, in view of his unsurpassed facil- ities, he holds a representative position in the business world. Mr. McMurray is a native of Washington, and is too widely known and generally esteemed to require any extended comment here. The equitable manner in which he conducts his business, as well as his extended resources, are rea- sons sufficiently obvious why dealers and large buyers should place their orders with such an active, enterprising, and responsible house. G. J. Musser, Drugs, Medicines, and Chemi- cals, corner of I and Tenth Streets. — A well-known and popular drug store in this city is that of Mr. G. J. Musser, located on the corner of I and Tenth streets, N. W., which was established at that ad- dress in 1845 and by the present proprietor in 1858. The store is very commodious, conveniently and handsomely fitted up, and supplied with every convenience, and contains a large and carefully se- lected stock of pure and fresh drugs, chemicals, proprietary medicines, and remedies of acknowl- edged merit and reputation, fancy toilet articles, perfumery, soaps, mineral waters of foreign and do- mestic production dispensed in bottles, surgeons' and physicians' requisites, and, in sliort, everything pertaining to a first-class drug establishment. In the careful, conscientious, and intelligent compound- ing of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes this house holds a prominent position. All mod- ern appliances to secure accuracy have been pro- vided, and no person more fully appreciates the re- sponsibility that rests upon him in performing this delicate duty than does Mr. Musser. Mr. Musser is also the proprietor of the celebrated Dr. Miller's neuralgia or nerve-ache pills and tooth-ache drops, and persons who are afflicted with those torturing diseases can place full reliance upon their efficacy as a remedy. Mr. Musser was born in Maryland, but has resided in the District since 1856, and has had thirty-five years' experience in his pro- fession. James Tliarp, Importer of and Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Wines and Liquors, No. 818 F Street, N. W. — The house of James Tharp, No. 818 F street, N. W., was established eight years ago by the present owner. Mr. Tharp is im- porter and dealer in foreign and domestic wines, brandies, whiskies, gins, and liquors, which are un- rivaled for quality, purity, and excellence by those of any other contemporary first-class house in the trade, and dealers will always find it profitable to procure their supplies from houses like that of James Tharp, whose established reputation makes its representations perfectly reliable. All orders are promptly filled. His store, which is finely fitted up, is commodious, being 25x79 feet in dimen- sions, and he carries a large and well assorted stock of all kinds of liquors, also imported and domestic cigars of the choicest brands. The business is transacted by Mr. Tharp, being assisted by two civil and obliging clerks. The best rye, Irish, and Scotch whiskies are to be had here, and the trade is supplied with imported licjuors either in bond or free. Mr. Tharp was born in Ohio and has resided in the Capital for the last thirty-five years, where he has had a thorough training in all pertaining to his business. Geo. W. Rich, Dealer in Fine Shoes, No. 409 Seventh Street, N. W. — Mr. Geo. W. Rich, who is a native of Massachusetts, located himself in Wash- ington twenty-three years ago, and having worked in the largest emporiums in the city, gained by his strict attention to business and affiible manners the respect and confidence of all customers. Thus encouraged, and being a man of push, seeing a good 0[iening for a boot and shoe emporium in this District, he started at the above address, his commodious store having dimensions of 20x70 feet, where he carries an ample stock of boots and shoes, comprising ladies' and gents', misses' and children's fine shoes. His trade is entirely retail and local in its character, being extensively patronized by some of the best families in the city. Mr. Rich makes a specialty of fine custom-work, wherein, combining peculiarities of this trade, known only to himself, he produces a good wearing and fitting shoe which gives ease and comfort to the wearer. Mr. Rich has opened a repairing depart- ment, where shoes with soles not entirely lost may be reclaimed and made good again. A. Zichtl, Bookbinder, No. 513 Seventh Street N. W. — Among the enterprising men of the day who have entered into the bookbindery business may be mentioned Mr. A. Zichtl, a native of Germany, who, after mastering all the details of this art, came to the LTnited States three years ago, establishing himself in Washington at the above address, where he has an office and shop 20x40 feet in dimensions. Bookbinding in all its branches is carried on here— law, mercantile, association, and medical, making a specialty of music binding, which he turns out in a very superior style. He also takes contracts for library and subscription binding, and having a stafi" of able assistants, who work under his personal supervision, he guarantees entire satis- faction. Mr. Zichtl is a gentleman highly respected among his acquaintances, and is an active member of the prominent German singing societies. Repair- ing is neatly executed, and work called for and delivered. 134 CITY OF WASHINGTON. George W. Cissel & Co., Proprietors of the Arlington Roller Mills, corner of Water and Potomac iStreets, Georgetown. — The Arling- ton Koller Mills, under the proprietorship of Messrs. George W. Cissel & Co., deserve special mention in this review. The enterprise was inau- gurated in 1884, and has been conducted by this Hrm with signal ability. The premises comprise a tive-story building 120x125 feet in dimensions, fitted up with eigliteen double sets of rollers and all the latest improved machinery and appliances that skill, capital, and science can suggest to prop- erly prosecute tlie business. The daily capacity of production is three hundred barrels, and accommo- dations are atlbided for storing twenty thousand bushels of grain. The brands of this representative house comprise the White Lily patent, tlie Arling- ton family, and Cook's choice, all of which are gen- eral favorites in the market, and are absolutely un- surpassed for quality, purity, and general excel- lence. The product is shipped in large quantities all over the East and South. The proprietors of the Arlington Mills are Messrs. George W. Cissel, S. S. Cis.sel, and J. D. Newman. Mr. Cissel was a member of the firm of Deene, Cissel & AV^ild from 1874, which continued for one year, when Mr. A. H. Herr became a member under the same style for three years, In 1878 the firm became known as Herr & Cissel up to 1884, when the firm was dis- solved and the firm of G. W. Cissel & Co. bought the Arlington Mills and fitted them up as first- class roller mills. The firm of Herr & Cissel was the first to adopt the roller system in Georgetown. I The Arlington Mills were built in 1847, and have passed through all the stages of improvement in the manufacture of flour up to their present high standard, for which they are famous. G. W. & H. W. Offutt, Fancy Groceries, Wines, and Liqriors, Our Belle and Star Flour, "The Best," Northeast corner of Thirty-second and N Streets. — Established in 1876 by the present pro- prietors, and dealing in every description of goods coming under the general head of fancy and staple groceries, wines, and liquors, a continuous advance- ment has characterized the house of Messrs. G. W. h H. W. Offutt, until at the present time its suc- cessful rivals are few and it is numbered among the most prosperous houses in this line of trade in the District. The store is located at the northeast corner of Thirty-second and N streets, and the premises occupied for both trade and storage pur- poses comprise three floors oOx80 feet each, fur- nished with every appliance for the prompt filling of all orders. The stock is large and complete, in- cluding the finest and most popular brands of flour from the most celebrated mills in tlie West and Northwest, embracing Our Belle and Star flour, " the Best," also teas and coffees of the finest flavor, canned goods in endless variety, sugars, spices, syrups, molasses, preserves, pickles, table delicacies .•uid condiments, and everything known to this line nf trade. A 11 goods are received direct from manu- facturers and producers, and are in every way fresh, choice, and desirable. ( roods are delivered and called for at any part of the city, and the trade, both wholesale and retail, is large and active, the rarest inducements being oflercd as to both (piality and prices. The members of the firm are natives cf Maryland, are live, active business men, and highly esteemed for sterling integrity and personal worth. Mr. H. W. Offutt is connected with Mr. C. Oliver in the boot and shoe business, for which they have a tine store at No. 3123 M street. Geddi.s & Co., Druggists and Pharmacists^ No. 32(J9 M Street, W.— One of the finest and largest drug stores in West Washington is that of Messrs. (Jeddis & Co., located at No. 3269 M street. This house was established in 1855 by Mr. Southern, and later Mr. F. L. Cropely became the proprietor, Tlie latter in April, 1886, sold his interest to the present firm of Messrs. Geddis & Co., the copart- ners in which are Messrs. Frank Geddis and W. E. Pickerell. The former is a native of Pennsylvania,, has been a resident in the District of Columbia, since 1880, and has been connected with the drug, business foi- the past ten years. He is a pharma- ceutical graduate and duly qualified pharmacist. Mr. Pickerell is a native of this city, and was for- merly clerk in the banking house of Messrs. H. T.. Cooke & Co. The store is spacious, being 25xS0 feet in dimensions, and it is provided with every facility for conducting the business upon a large scale. The fittings and appointments of the estab- lishment are of an elegant and attractive character,, and the stock of goods carried embraces a fi/ie as- sortment of pure drugs and family medicines, per- fumery, toilet articles, and a large variety of fancy goods. A special feature of the busine.'is is the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, in which every care is exercised, and only the purest and most reliable drugs are em- ployed. Prescriptions are made up at any hour of the day or night, and the utmost courtesy is ex- tended to all patrons. James S. Hays, Crockery, Glassware, I-amps, Tinware, and Housefurnishings, No. 3271 Bridge Street, Georgetown. — This concern, although founded as late as 1881, has risen to a high posi- tion in its special line of trade. The proprietor, Mr. Hays, has carried on his operations from the beginning under the present firm style, and the strong success which has been achieved is entirely due to the ability and enterprise of his manage- ment. Tlie establishment combines two very im- portant interests, namely, teas and coffees, and crockery, glassware, tinware, etc. Two commodi- ous stores are occujiied, each 20x80 feet in measure- ment, fitted up in the most thorough and conveni- ent manner. In the premises at No. 3271 is kept an immense assortment of crockery, glassware, tin- ware, and housefurnishings in great variety, the productions all being of the most superior charac- ter. The tea and coffee department, which occupies the adjoining store. No. 3273, is filled to repletion with a splendid supply of all desirable grades of teas and coftijes, ranging in price from the cheapest to the most costly. In this dei)artment Mr. Hays has adopted a system of giving presents by the ticket system. The firm, in view of the difficulty of obtaining these staple goods in a pure and whole- some state, have made extraordinary efforts to maintain the integrity of their stock, and handle no article which is tainted by the least adultera- tion, or the ))rime condition of which has not been fully determined by close inspection. The trade is both wholesale and retail, and no available facility is lacking for the prompt handling of affairs. Mr. Hays is a native of Maryland, has resided in this city for twenty-five years. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS. 135 M. C. Mitchell, Dealer in Stoves, Tinware, and Housefurnishing Goods, Rooting, Guttering, and Spouting, No. 3108 M Street, W.— The subject of this sketch is one of the best-known business men actively engaged in his line of industry inWest Wash- ington. His house is also one of the oldest in its line of trade, having been founded thirty-tive years ago by Mr. Korpp. For a period of twenty years Mr. Charles Menimert was the proprietor, and six years ago Mr. M. C. Mitchell came into possession. He is a native of Alexandria, Va., and for seven- teen years has been a resident of Washington. He has had twenty-three years' practical experience as a general tin and sheet-iron worker, and is a thor- ough master of every detail of his business. At the address indicated he has a spacious and com- modious store measuring 25x125 feet, including in the rear a well-equipped workshop, where a num- ber of skilled artisans are afforded permanent em- ployment. The store is very well fitted up, and the stock consists of a select assortment of the best makes of stoves, ranges, and housefurnishing goods, which are offered at the lowest possible prices. Mr. Mitchell has every facility for promptly executing ail work in tin, zinc, sheet-iron and copper, and for all kinds of rooting and jobbing at reasonable prices. He repairs stoves and supplies odd cast- ings at manufacturers' prices, and is always found reliable and prompt in his dealings. He enjoys a large city and suburban trade, and is a prominent and esteemed member of tiie Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. Noble C. Dowlingr, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Flour, Grain, and Feed, No. 3261 M Street, W. — The flour and grain trade is well repre- sented in Washington by Mr. Noble C. Dowling, whose establishment is situated at No. 3261 M street, West Washington. He is well and widely known as a large wholesale and retail dealer in flour, grain, and feed of all kinds, and has been es- tablished in the business here since 1880. He occu- pies a large store 20x 1 20 feet in dimensions, with ample accommodations for the manipulation and disposal of the immense stock that is constantly carried. His stock of flour embraces the best brands, by the bag or barrel for family use, received direct from the best mills in the country, and sold at prices which invite competition. The stock of grain and feed includes baled hay, straw, bran, corn meal and mill feed, all of the tinest quality, and supplied to patrons in any quantity desired at short notice. His stock is one of the best in the District, his prices are always low and attractive, and his business methods are honorable and straight-for- ward in the highest degree. Mr. Dowling is a native of the city, and one of its useful citizens, successful merchants, and representative business men. Mr. Dowling is agent for the Walter A. Wood Mowing and Reaping Company. J. J. Hog-an, Oyster Dealer, No. 423 Twelfth Street, N. W. — -Among those engaged in the oyster business may be prominently mentioned Mr. J. J. Hogan. He employs a large number of hands and transacts a flourishing business in tlie capital and its vicinity. Tliis house, being one of the leading ones of its kind in W^ashington, is principally patronized bv hotels, families, and private parties, whom Mr. Hotran furnishes with tlie choicest kind of oysters, which are always fresh, being received daily, also terrapin, clams, and crabs when they are in season. The oysters are sold either opened or in shell and are always delicious, as he carries a stock of the finest to be found in the market. Mr. Hogan is a native of New York city and came to Wash- ington twenty -two years ago and established him- self in business in 1873, since which date he has successfully catered to the public. John H. Schliltze, Manufacturer of Fine Havana Cigars, No. 2913 M Street, W. — Mr. John H. Schultze was born in Germany, and in 1848 left his native land for Baltimore, where he continued to reside until 1854. When in the employment of Mr. Thomas C. Little as foreman of his factory he removed to New York and there remained until 1865, when he came to Georgetown and opened a cigar and tobacco store under the old Union Hotel. In 1879 he built the premises now occupied by him. No. 2913 M street, for a manufactory and sales- room of cigars and tobacco for the general whole- sale and retail trade, anti as a dealer in leaf tobacco and smokers' articles generally. His goods have a standard value among dealers and consumers, and he has acquired a reputation for fair and legiti- mate dealing of which he may justly feel proud. His store has a capacity of 20x60 feet, three stories in height. It is very flnely and attractively fur- nished and fltted up, and the stock is one of the most extensive and best selected in the city. The favorite flve-cent brands of cigars made by this house are " Telephone," " Conamore," and " Iris," and the most popular ten-cent brands are "Mono- gram" and "Reina Victoria." The Pekln Tea and CofTee Company, No. 1308 Seventh Street, N. W., Theophilus Bray, Proprietor. — This enterprise was founded in April, 1886, and the superior goods dispensed have attracted to the establishment scores of prominent customers from all parts of the city. The hand- some store occupied is 20x50 feet in dimensions and is admirably arranged and appointed for the firm's purposes, being supplied with every facility and requisite for the carrying on of an extensive trade. The cleanly and orderly appearance of the establishment throughout attracts universal atten- tion. The stock is large, of unquestioned superi- ority, and embraces the finest quality of teas and the purest coffees, which are roasted and ground fresh daily, and the best of spices. The "goods, while of tiie finest quality, are sold at the lowest prices, as the following list will attest: Finest O. G. Java coffee, thirty -five cents per pound ; choic- est Padang Java coffee, thirty cents per pound; fine Java coffee, twenty-five cents per pound ; the Jamaica blend, twenty-five cents per pound ; Cu- cuta Maracaibo coffee, twenty-five cents per pound ; strong mountain Rio, twenty cents per pound ; pure new crop teas ; Nankin Moyoum Gunpowder, fifty, sixtv, seventy, and eighty cents per pound ; extra choicest Gunpowder, one dollar per pound; Formosa Oolongs, fifty, sixty, seventv, and eighty cents per pound; extra fragrant Formosa, one dollar per pound; extra choicest sun-dried Japan, fiftv and sixty cents per pound. Orders are called for and goods delivered to all parts of the city. The pro- ])rietor of this enterprise, Mr. Theophilus Brav, has been in an importing tea house for many years, and is a native of Washington and one of her most progressive business men. 136 CITY OF WASHINGTON. The Post Combination Sewing-Ma- chine Company, No. G27 Louisiana Avenue, N. W. — The widely known and progressive Post Combination Sewing-Machine Company was duly incorporated in i881, with a capital of $200,000. The I'oUowiiig gentlemen, well known in financial and commercial circles, are its officers, viz.: Presi- dent, 1. L.Johnson; secretary, H. B. Littlepage; treasurer, T. J. Luttrell. The works of the com- pany are situated in Chicopee, Mass., wliile the home office is at No. 627 Louisiana avenue, N. W., in this city. Here they occupy a fine three-story building 25x80 feet in dimensions with basement, and carry a very large and valuable stock of the Post combination machine. This machine is en tirely original in many respects, and commends itself to the good judgment of all who give it a fair trial. The purciiaser gets more ioT the same amount of money than he possibly can in any other machine, i. e., two perfect 'machines in one. It has no superior as a lock-stitch nor as a chain- stitch machine. It is the most simple machine in its construction, doing the work of two distinct ma- chines with fewer working parts than any ma- chine in practical use. It has no shuttle, no levers, nor jerking motion, but does the whole of its work upon a rotary principle, and is regular and contin- uous in its movements, and of great durability and almost noiseless. This machine at once disposes of doubt as to whether the purciiaser prefers a lock or chain stitch machine, for in buying it he gets his choice and a good machine besides for nothing. It is rapidly superseding all other machines both at home and abroad, and really contains more points of excellence than can be found in any others. It may be justly considered as the perfec- tion of mechanism for hemming, felling, trimming, binding, cording, seaming, braiding, embroidering, and other purposes too numerous to particularize, wliile its price is no higher than is demanded for inferior machines. It is sim[)le in construction, light running, rotary, and noiseless, and is lock or chain stitch at the pleasure of the user. The ca- pacity of the works at Chicopee is fifty machines a day, consisting of a splendid series of buildings, and giving employment to from one hundred to one hundred and fifty hands. The managers of the home office in Washington are all natives of this city, and are well known as responsible citizens and all honorable business men. They have a large and permanent trade, broadly distributed throughout this country and Europe, and the repu- tation of the Post Combination is firmly established the world over, J. C Brown, Pharmacist, Seventh Street and Rhode Island Avenue. — One of the most at- tractive and popular establishments in this section of the city is tiie pharmacy owned and conducted by Mr. J. C. Brown at the corner of Seventh street and Rhode Island avenue. It is but little more than a year since this establishment was opened by Mr. Brown, and within this comparatively short time it has acijuired a large and iulluential line of custom and a reputation for reliability second to no similar house in Washington. The store is of ample proportions, is handsomely appointed, and is well stocked with a large assortment of pure drugs and chemicals, and a full line of pharmaceu- tical preparations, perfumery, surgical appliances, and druggists' sundries and fancy goods. Particu- lar attention is paid the prescription department and medicines are compounded with accuracy, while only the best materials are used in their com- position. Mr. Brown has for nine years been en- gaged in the drug business and is thoroughly versed in all the details of the pharmaceutical pro- fession. He is a native of ^'ermont and has lived in Washington for a little over a year, starting liis business shortly after his arrival. He is esteemed by all his patrons, and his venture here is sure of continued success. Schillinger Artificial Stone and Con- crete Company, corner of First and K Streets, N. E., Office, No. 1418 New York Avenue. — Among other most creditable and beneficial industrial pur- suits carried on in our midst, that of the laying of concrete floors, footwalks, etc., claims recognition in this review. In this city no concern is so popular and prominent in this connection as that of the Schillinger Artificial Stone and Concrete Company, whose office is located at No. 1418 New York avenue, and whose works are situated on the corner of First and K streets. This company was incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia, in De- cember, 1884, with a capital of $25,000. Tlie pres- ident of the corporation is Mr. G. S. Cannon, and the secretary and general manager is Mr. H. J McLaughlin. The company's yard has a frontage of 60 feet and a depth of 300 feet, and it employs from forty to fifty workmen in laying sidewali