Book ' ^ ^Jl ■_ Gopght N" COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. ARTHUR F. DUFFEY Holder of 50 yards. 60 yards. 100 yards, 120 yards, world's records; winner of American championship. 1899; winner of British championship and holder of PrTncTHassan^Sri90oV-02-63; winner of I. C A, A A. A.. 1901-02-03; winner Of New Zealand championship. 1904; holder of British records on grass for 100 yards 9 4-5 seconds, 120 yards. 11 4-5 seconds; holder of Australasian records on ' grass for 50 yards, 60 yards and 70 yards. (T SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY HOW TO SPRINT EDITED BY ARTHUR F. DUFFEY Holder of the World's Record for 100 Yards. 9 3-5 Seconds. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO, 21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK ^ ^(T- iwi, Copies rtecwvcu OCT. If 1905 ;:^ 1,^ Copyright. 1905 BY American Sports Publishing Company New York CONTENTS Introduction How I Became a Sprinter Types of Sprinters • • • 19 General Hints on Training-. ^ 25 Advice to Beginners Preparatory Work of Sprinters ^j The Start. ' ' ' . 37 Breathing. ^ 45 The Amount of Work to do Daily ci Proper Diet ^ Bathing and Massaging g BOOKS FOR ATHLETES Price 10 Cents Per Copy. No. 27. College Athletics. No. 87. Athletic Primek. No. 156. Athletes' Guide. No. 174. Distance and Cross Country Running. No. 182. All Around Athletics. No. 217. Olympic Games Handbook, No. 239. Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. Handbook. No. 246. Athletic Training for Schoolboys. No. 250. Athletic Almanac. No. 252. How to Sprint. For complete list of Spalding's Athletic Library see last pages of this book. Spalding's Athletic Library. Many times I have been advised to write a book on my system of preparation for a sprint race, and in response to the many requests I take great pleasure in offering this little volume to the devotees of sprinting, trusting the few little points and hints which I have mentioned in the following pages will prove in- teresting as well as instructive to those inclined to follow this branch of athletics. It has been my intention to constantly bear in mind the needs of the novice runner, especially the preparatory school boy, for it was at this class of institution I received my early training and to which I attribute the success I have at- tained on the cinder-path. It is true that although many athletes of the first class may take exceptions to what I have stated- still all that I can say to their exceptions is that the system of training which I have outlined in the following pages has been the means by which I have established world's records and won r?umerous championships. A F D ARTHUR F. DUFFEY "ON THE MARK. Spalding's Athletic Library All young men are more or less interested in feats of athletic skill, either upon the football field, the baseball diamond, the cin- der path or whatever branch of athletics it is their desire to familiarize themselves, and when they are about to enter prepara- tory school, the question that generally presents itself to the average youth is, "Shall I devote my time exclusively to the class-room, or shall I intermingle my studies with my exercise, so that both will go hand in hand, as it were, and thus develop my mental and physical faculties together?" Exercise in some form or other has always been a subject very keen to the young mind. As the schoolboy listens per- chance with eager ear to the tales of his older brother, the col- lege athlete, or if perhaps he becomes acquainted with the many articles upon athletic sports, physical culture or the like, it is one of his ambitions to succeed in some branch of sport. Contests of athletic ability have always been of profound interest to the energetic schoolboy. As the young raw-boned lad, desirous of obtaining the need- ful education to prepare him for the battle of life, enters the preparatory school, either of his own choice or the selection of his devoted parents, the very atmosphere about him seems to be a stimulant to his uncultured body, and as he hears the frolick- ing sounds of his classmates out of doors he cannot help from •answering the beckoning call of nature wdiich seems to request 10 Spalding^ s Athletic Library. him to lay aside his books. He enters their innocent sports, feehng much invigorated at their completion. The first few years of the prep's life, as a rule, are generally devoted to the study hall, but as occasionally the lad applies part of his time to exercising, gradually he finds that his body seems more adapted to one particular branch of athletics than another. Prac- tising repeatedly has such a noticeable effect upon the young man, and feeling so well and strong, for a moment perhaps his whole attention seems to be devoted to exercising. Then it is that the question which agitated him so much at first seems to annoy him less, his whole mind being enwrapped in the ambi- tion to achieve the many laurels of the successful athlete. At the first call for candidates for the various athletic teams of the institution, we find him awaiting patiently the opportunity when he can claim the first notice of the captain or coach. Prob- ably he is a lad of retiring, unassuming disposition, not knowing the true value of an athletic training, or perhaps totally unaware of any athletic prowess within himself. Shall I ever forget my days in preparatory school. Being naturally fond of all outdoor exercises, but, on the contrary, having a physique unaccustomed to an athlete, I became inter- ested in the upbuilding of my body, and in all contests for ath- lethic supremacy. My classmates observing that perhaps there might be some latent athletic ability within me, requested inces- santly my being a candidate for the athletic team, though my folks, noticing I was a firm follower of outdoor sports, seriously objected to my entering such a project, they wishing me to apply myself entirely to my lessons. The temptation finally was too great, and as I listened to the words of the coach T firmly resolved to be a candidate, but would Spalding's Athletic Library, 1 1 not sacrifice any time which I felt my studies needed. As the training continued from day to day, it gradually dawned upon me that my standing was just as high, if not higher, and in addi- tion I seemed to feel perceptibly the thrill of life coursing with renewed energy through my system. So it is, I believe, with the average preparatory student. Life at school and college would be a perfect humdrum if it were not for the athletics. As I previously stated, being of a rather frail constitution, I entered in all the various branches of sport, which gradually developed my athletic ability. At running, however, I always seemed to excel my companions, and as a novice race was being held at Irvington Oval in the summer of 1896, I was urged by my companions to be a competitor in the race, and although my diminutive appearance caused but little commotion before the race, the easy manner in which I flew away from the mark and the large margin which I won by surprised all, and many pre- dicted that there was a successful athletic career before me. Entering Boston English High School in the fall of '97, I became a candidate for the athletic team, and was selected as one of the students to represent the school at the Interscholastic championship. My career in the high school attracted but lit- tle attention the first year, but as I continued my racing through the summer I became faster, and in my second year succeeded in winning second place in the interscholastic indoor champion- ships. At the outdoor games I also won second prize in the 100 yards and 220 yards, and made my first journey to New York to compete in the national interscholastic championships, where I again won second prize in the sprints. During the fol- lowing summer months I competed in numerous sports, but probably no meeting which I competed in caused so much dis- 12 Spalding's Athletic Library. cussion as my race at Caledonian Grove, where I ran a dead heat with B. J. Wefers, the then champion, from a short handi- cap. Leaving Enghsh High School, I entered Worcester Academy in the fall of '98, and under the careful tutelage of Pooch Donovan, the school's ef^cient trainer, gradually my sprinting ability came to the front, and at the winter games of the Boston Athletic Asso- ciation I succeeded in winning the short sprints in 4 3-5 seconds, also in winning the interscholastic championship indoors. In the following spring my most notable performance was my victory in the 100 yards in the dual games with Andover, where I man- aged to accomplish my first ten seconds for the century. Fol- lowing up my Andover success, I competed in the indoor and outdoor championships, and both years won the sprint races,, accomplishing ten seconds for the 100 yards, thus establishing a new scholastic record, and in addition I showed my hurdling ability by winning the hurdles indoors and by winning the 220' yards dash and broad jump outdoors, a new contest for me. Journeying to New York I met and defeated the other inter- scholastic champions and established a new national interscho- lastic record of ten seconds for the hundred. Graduating from Worcester Academy in the spring of '99, my reputation as a sprinter was considerably enhanced by defeat- ing J. F. Quinlan, the Harvard champion, and H. E. Curtenius, the New England intercollegiate champion, in ten seconds. From^ this race, although expecting to retire from athletics, I became very desirous of winning a national championship before I would hang up my shoes, and being prevailed upon by my friends, I became a competitor in the A. A. U. championships, and after a beautiful race, I managed to win, defeating B. J. Wefers and Spalding s Athletic Library, 13 A. C. Kraenzlein in ten seconds — though in my trial heat I accom- pHshed 94-5 seconds for the first time — but unfortunately was not allowed the record by the A. A. U, Owing to considerable dissatisfaction being expressed over the national championship race, the New York A.C. invited the same competitors to race at Travers Island, only in addition a handi- cap was framed. This race was probably one of my best per- formances of speed in America, for, conceding handicaps to such competitors as Tewksbury of the University of Pennsylvania, and Maxey Long, I succeeded in winning the event from scratch in ten seconds on a slow track. Entering Georgetown University in the fall of '99, my repu- tation as a sprinter became quite broadcast, and though I com- peted in numerous games, I will not tax the reader's brain by mentioning them, but will confine myself to the most important contests, and will mention my English, Australian and New Zea- land races, under the heads of British and Australasian races, re- spectively. While at the university, noticing my forte was the century, I eliminated all other forms of athletics and confined my efforts to che 100 yards, a decision which proved a very wise one to me, I must admit. Entering the various intercollegiate meet- ings during the winter, gradually my form became faster, and as the spring approached I entered the relay carnival sports and won my first college sprint in the remarkable time of 9 4-5 seconds. Immediately following the carnival games, as the time for the Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. championships approached, I became very desirious of winning the intercollegiate championship, but I was extremely disappointed when the Intercollegiate Association declared I was ineligible, owing to my winning the national championship. Continuing my college course during the follow- 1 |-:*^^W o o 1/5 <^ w w ^: o pH ht le^ raised well „p so knee strikes chest. Alternate with left leg. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 25 GENERAL HINTS ON TRAINING || Training is the exercising of certain muscles of the body so that one is enabled to perform more efficiently and with more facility a particular effort. In other words, it is analogous to the familiar phrase, "Practice makes perfect." How notice- able it is that more thought and practical knowledge is not emphasized upon this necessary principle of athletic success. Frequently I have seen — and know— many promis- ing athletes who have been rendered unfit athletically by following the advice of trainers. The latter, as a general rule, should be men who have had an extended regime of training, for with few exceptions the trainer who has not entered into active competition cannot hope to succeed. It is of great advantage that one should have participated in the various branches of atliletic contests, as the many lessons learned from his practical knowledge enables one to apply himself so that he can train successfully. Gradually, however, in aspiring to the head of the branch of sprinting, one must, as he grows older, eliminate these other forms of athletics and apply himself especially to sprinting. Athletes, as a general rule, are overtrained rather than un- dertrained ; that is, they have been subjected to a system of training regardless of the physical capacity of their body. Hence, the athlete should be watched very closely, so that when the day of his trial approaches he shall be at his very best, and not ^^ ) ^ / 'I H -mmm^. STRIDING. Exercise for developing the stride and to develop endurance. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 27 totally unfit to stand the terrific strain. It is very essential that a tabulated record of a man's condition should be noted from the time he commences training, and all through the period his work should be regulated so that gradually his best form will be produced. Common sense should be generally followed, and the old idea of practically overlooking the man should be dis- pensed with. In fact, the whole secret of training lies in knowing which kind of work should be adapted to suit the par- ticular individual. I have often been asked by many school boys what method of training I follow, and have been urged to reveal the secret of my success. There is no secret that I know of, and I do not believe that my method of training differs in any very important feature from hundreds of other runners. But there is no doubt that while in training the most important requisite to getting into form is one's personal habits. Regular and suf^cient sleep, avoidance of drugs, alcohol and tobacco in any form ; in a word, the exclusion of every form of even the slightest dissipation. Training properly conducted should not be an ordeal to be feared, but on the contrary, should be a process that brings out all that is best in the athlete and stores up a nerve force of vigor that is more or less completely under the control of the one who trains faithfully and intelligently. It is this control of vigor that distinguishes the properly trained man from the overtrained one. The man who is overtrained expends his vigor and vitality rashly ; it is not absolutely under his control, and he uses up more energy to make his muscles respond than is necessary. The result is that he fatigues rapidly, while the carefully trained man can economize his strength, holding it completely under his command and liberating his reserve store for the final spurt that counts for victory. BOUNDING. Showing exercise for developing the stride. Body well up on the toes. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 29 Science is only the highest form of common sense, and the man who would train scientifically must first of all train sensibly. It is generally believed that a large gymnasium and elaborate apparatus are absolutely necessary in the development of a run- ner. All these are very essential in their way, but as a matter of fact, the indoor gymnasium plays a minor part in the devel- opment of the sprinter. The value of fresh air and sunlight cannot be overestimated. There are few runners who do any outdoor running who will not tell you that they feel much bet- ter when their outdoor work begins. Sprint runners in par- ticular must get the energy that clips off fractions from the ten-second mark from the blue sky and the fresh air and the warm sunlight. The enthusiast who follows up records will bear me out in this — for most good records for the sprints have been made at a time of the year when outdoor exercise was the rule. It is true that some men are faster in the dashes on an indoor track than on an outdoor track. Still that does not dis- prove my contention. For I think that a man who is fast on an indoor track would be much faster if he devoted a sufficient amount of time and attention to his outdoor exercise. Any- thing that will make one feel stronger and more vigorous must be a valuable adjunct in training. Therefore I am convinced that the sunlight and fresh air are factors of the greatest im- portance, in storing up energy, to the athlete. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 31 It has frequently been asked at what age should a sprinter commence to develop his sprinting faculties. To the young athletes I address these remarks, and though realizing the old adage that it is never too late to learn, in this respect one must admit that the learning must begin at an early age. Let me inform the reader that sixteen or seventeen is a most suitable age to start. At this time of life the bones of the body are gradually rounding into shape, and the muscles are easily sus- ceptible of development. At this age we generally find the young lad in school, and it is surprising what a noticeable effect the preparatory institutions have, not only upon the modelling of character, but likewise upon the physical structure of the body. It is not totally necessary that the young man devote his whole time exclusively to sprinting; enjoy all the pleasures of the various branches of athletic sports ; they all have certain advan- tages which help to develop manly traits, which assert them- selves in after life. PREPARATORY WORK OF SPRINTERS. Sprint-running has always been a subject very keen to the young mind as well as the sport-loving people of this country and abroad. It is true that the race is only for a short distance, but in that elapse of time what a wonderful amount of excite- ment and enthusiasm can be aroused. To the spectator as well ^ Spalding's Athletic Library. 33 as the athlete himself there is that fascination which seems to hold one's undivided attention until the race is over. Then, too, in viewing the long distance runs, the interest in the race lags for a while until the final sprint for the tape. Consequently I think that all will agree with me in voting sprinting the most popular of running events. So to the young athlete who is desirous of taking up the exer- cise of sprinting, let me offer a few suggestions which I trust shall be advantageous to him. The preliminary work of sprint- ing, that is the first few days of practice, should be spent mostly in rather light exercise in the gymnasium, with the chest-weights, and in the exercise of pulling up the body. The running should be practised gently in order to give the muscles of the legs time to work out gradually. Two weeks of this jogging should be in- dulged in and great caution must be taken that the individual should run far up on the toes. Another important point which ought to be practised is the manner of bounding, that is as soon as the ball of the foot lands upon the floor or the cinders, as the case might be, a bound should be cultivated so that the runner will remain upon the ground for as short a space of time as pos- sible. In preparing for all of my races I always paid a great deal of attention to this very important point. It seems to be the most difficult matter to master, but as soon as it is accomplished it is practically half of sprinting. Formerly there was no serious thought placed upon this spring, but gradually all the sprint- runners of to-day are endeavoring to acquire the necessary knack. The position of the body should be inclined at an angle of about eighty degrees, in other words, more forward than per- pendicular. The common fault of a great many of our athletes of to-day is that the body is too straight and rigid, this is a very Spalding' s Athletic Library. 35 bad fault and a serious retardment to speed. How often in rac- ing can be seen the novice runner as he draws near to the finish of his race gradually lose the poise of his body, so that prac- tically he is running back upon his heels instead of keeping the body poised over the balls of the feet. The arms should be swung diagonally across the chest and worked simultaneously with the legs. This cross arm motion I found of valuable assistance to me in many of my races, as it proved a great help to my retaining the bound. Many sprint- runners have adopted the forward and backward arm motion, this is not a bad style to cultivate, but I believe it is inferior to the cross arm swing. Great care should be taken when prac- tising this arm motion that the arms are not swung to far out, for in such a case the swing is of no assistance whatever, as the position of the body is altered. It is a very easy motion of the arms, the muscles of the shoulders and forearm being brought into play. A good position of the hands while running is to hold the hands clinched in such a manner that the thumb and index finger are protruded a little in advance of the other fingers and inclined towards the ground. The reason for this inclining is that with the help of the muscles of the forearm and upper arm, it aids in keeping the body poised forward so that the chest and head cannot fall backwards. The head should be held firmly by means of the muscles of the neck and inclined a little forward, and retained in that position throughout the race. With the head held firmly placed in this position, the shoulders should be shrugged, thus prac- tically holding the shoulders and head together. Under no con- ditions allow the position of the head to change, for as soon "THE SHRUG." Position assumed in the final burst for the tape. Spalding's Athletic Library. 37 as the poise of the head is lost the whole form of running is altered. In the picture on the opposite page I have attempted to illustrate the shrugging of the shoulders and the forward position of the head. Having considered the position of the body in general and having taken for granted that the young athlete has spent the first preliminary days in the exercising in the gymnasium and jogging in order to cultivate the bound of which I spoke hereto- fore, the next thing for careful consideration is the manner of starting. THE START. The art of starting seems to be the most difficult part of sprint- ing for the beginner to master. It is the most important element which enters into the exercising of running, and although realiz- ing that a great deal can be said upon this necessary function, it is my intention to confine myself entirely upon the experience I have had in regard to my own manner of starting, known as the "Kangaroo Start." Formerly, in starting, the sprinters used the standing start; that is, the hands were not placed upon the ground whatever. This style of starting is now almost obsolete and bears no com- parison with the crouching start of to-day. Many old-time run- ners will talk considerably upon the old form of starting, and seriously contend that the standing start is superior to the crouching start. It was astonishing to me while touring through Europe to notice many of the foreign athletes still retaining this old system of starting. It was plainly evident to me that their chances of winning were very slight, and my manner of starting appeared an enigma to them. With the last decade the crouching start has been universally Spalding's Athletic Library. 39 adopted by all athletes, both in this country and likewise abroad. It is very difficult to ascertain who was the first sprinter that introduced this peculiar manner of starting, as many old-time runners claim the distinction. To-day it is a revelation to the public, and also to many athletes themselves, that in starting from such a position how it can be managed so scientifically and with such promptness. A very simple illustration, which might help to inform the reader how such a crouch can insure such exactness, is in observing the tiger, or any member of the feline family. How noticeable it is that when any of these animals are about to spring for a prey or the like, they assume the crouch- ing attitude which enables them to leap more quickly. So it is in sprint-running, the athlete crouches, pulls himself together, so to speak, and calmly awaits the spring. Theoretically speaking, three things should be brought to consideration in order to insure the most accurate start. These three acts must be combined so that they all work simul- taneously. First, the body should be well over the mark as far as the centre of equilibrium will allow, so that when the hands leave the ground the body immediately will go forward. This is termed the fall. Secondly, the weight of the body should be on the forward foot and arms. The foot should be about five inches from the line, and great caution should be used not to place the hands too far apart, just so the legs will pass between without touching. The back leg is principally used as a guider, which prevents the body from swaying to the right or left. It should be in a perfectly easy position, so when called upon it will respond actively. It ought to be placed about two feet and a half from the front foot. In other words, a good way to judge how far back this foot should be placed is by Spalding' s Athletic Library. 41 placing the knee of the back foot at the instep of the front foot. In indoor racing the back foot is placed just a trifle nearer than in outdoor racing. In many athletes it is a common fault that they do not use their arms to advantage. The arms should be developed just as well as the legs and other muscles of the body, as the whole secret of sprint-running is the ability to call upon all the mus- cles of the body at the same time. How often you will hear remarked by people unfamiliar with running that the only advan- tage gained by foot-racing is the development of the legs. Let me assure the reader that all the muscles of the body must be developed, and just as sure as there is an undeveloped muscle, it is certain to make itself known in the outcome of the race. A push must be cultivated by the legs so the body will be driven forward. Both legs must be called into action at the one moment. This push is only obtained by conscientious start- ing, and gradually as the legs are exercised, the more pow- erful becomes the driving force. Thus having considered the theory of the start, the next ■consideration is the start in reality. At the command ''On the mark," as it is generally termed in America, the athlete ap- proaches the line, as I heretofore explained, assumes the crouch in a perfectly easy posture. In other words, he should be rest- ing upon one knee, hands upon the line, and calmly awaiting the next cautionary command. Immediately upon the latter word lie should strike the position known as "Set/' and with breath lield and the body poised well over the line, he should endeavor to call upon all the muscular and nervous force of the body. To a great many runners the position of the arms seems to be a difficult matter to overcome. By that I mean they don't seem to Spalding's Athletic Library, 43 know what to do with their arms as soon as the gun goes ofif. At the report of the pistol the left arm is swung diagonally across the chest, the right arm swung diagonally backwards. This is an immense help to the start when mastered, and much time should be spent in the development of the same. To a number of runners the first stride seems to be a very difficult matter to overcome with precision. It is necessary that the first stride be made in the proper manner, for if that is not made correctly, it just delays the runner from getting into his speed. The great secret in sprinting is being the first to get into the running. Therefore let me impress upon the reader the necessity of the first stride. The latter is a jabbing motion thrown directly from the hip and kept as close to the ground as possible. Under no condition raise it high in the air. Much time should be spent upon this important function, as constant practice develops a long reach, and the idea is to cover as much ground with as much rapidity as possible. Another important point which should be brought to one's attention is the neces- sity of "jabbing" straight forward. By that I mean when the right foot is thrust forward it should be directly so, not to the Tight or the left, as a great number of our beginners are inclined to do. BREATHING. A very popular question that has been asked me by many athletes as well as others taking no active part in athletics, is my manner of breathing while in a race. The breathing should be through the mouth and not the nose, as ordinarily. As the runner approaches the line at the start, at the cautionary com- mand "Set," the inhalation should be rather deep, not too much so, however. The breath then should be held, and while the BREATHING-FIRST POSITION. Hands at seams of trousers, body erect, head well up. Spalding s Athletic Library. 45 athlete is in this attitude or condition you might say he is uncon- scious to everything and everybody. His whole attention is con- centrated upon the sound of the pistol. At the report of the gun immediately all the air is forced from the lungs in a most ejaculatory manner, and it is surprising to notice what a help it is to one on the first stride. As the runner is about to take the second stride, or just as soon as the air has been forced from the lungs, at once a deep breath should be retaken and then held as formerly. In all my short distance races, namely, about forty or fifty yards, I run them in about one breath. It is an awful strain upon one, but after careful attention and training one does not mind the terrific ordeal. In the longer sprint, however, I take about two breaths, for instance, at about sixty yards I take in a fresh supply, which lasts me to the tape. It is very noticeable among beginners that while they very cleverly run forty yards, when it comes to one hundred or a hundred and twenty they under no condition can negotiate the distance with the same amount of speed. The breathing, I do believe, has a great deal to do with it. They run haphazard and seem to lose their head com- pletely while they are at their topmost speed. To the beginner, then, I would advise to indulge daily in the common breath- ing exercises. By that I mean place the hands at the seam of the trousers, and raise them vertically over the head, at the same time taking a long breath. When above the head, hold the breath for a short space of time, and as the arms fall slowly to their former position, allow the breath to gradually escape. It is absolutely essential that any athlete desiring to accom- plish creditable time know how to breathe while running. In watching a novice athlete endeavoring to run a hundred yards -^..1 BREATHING-SECOND POSITION. Arms horizontal position, palms upward, chest gradually inflated. Spalding's Athletic Library. 47 how noticeable it is to see a change after half the distance has been covered. In other words, you might say he runs as long as he can upon one breath and as soon as the latter has gone his breathing is in any old fashion. The secret of breathing in a race is that the first breath should not be absolutely all used before another breath should be taken. My manner of breath- ing is that about after I have covered fifty to sixty yards I feel myself not running with the same vim that I ought to, and just as soon as I find this the case, immediately I take in a fresh supply to work on. Consequen-tly, to the beginner, do not use up all the air of your first inhalation, for just as soon as the lungs have no oxygen in them naturally you will weaken. In my record-breaking race at the inter-collegiate champion- ships of 1902, where I established a new world's record of 9 3-5 seconds for one hundred yards, my manner of breathing was probably one of the most important elements to my success. To my dismay, after half the distance had been traversed, I noticed that my formidable competitor, Schick of Harvard, had an advan- tage of a few feet. Immediately my supply of oxygen was re- freshened and the result was apparent at once, for from this point I simply jumped to the front and held a comfortable margin to the tape. In conjunction with the manner of breathing in a race, another important point, which would not be out of place at this stage of the writing, is the art of finishing a sprint. In many of our sprinters of to-day how noticeable it is that many lack the necessary dash at the completion of the distance; per- sonally it is my belief that the more highly strung the athlete is, or, in other words, the more nervous force the athlete has, the better finisher he will be. In all my races it has been my custom as I approached the finish line to work myself into a state A BREATHING-THIRD POSITION. Arms overhead, breath held, and as the arms descend to first position the breathing is gradually released. Spalding s Athletic Library. 49 of nervous energy— so that I was seized with a sort of dread as if something fearful was behind me, and thus I was enabled to find a terrific burst at the tape. Of course, a sprint race is nothing practically but a finish from the report of the pistol, still it is wonderful how the concentration of the mind will work the athlete up to such a pitch that he is enabled to produce such a burst. In training for the developing of a finish, what- ever distance the athlete should desire to make his forte, the best system would be to dash at that distance at a fair clip, and after passing that post, sprint another twenty-five yards, en- deavoring to do the extra distance with all the available force you can find. In this way gradually you will become more accustomed to your distance, and find the race seems shorter than heretofore. This method I have employed and to me the result was very noticeable— for when an athlete has his distance at his mercy, the race becomes a pleasure and not an ordeal, which so many of our runners to-day make it. THE AMOUNT OF WORK TO DO DAILY. There is nothing, undoubtedly, that would be of more advan- tage to a person about to take up athletics preliminary to his regular work than cross-country jaunts. To the individual desir- ing to take up sprinting, it is most commendable to take walks, especially in the fall of the year, clad in good heavy clothing, and occasionally changing the walk to a short run. A sprinter as a general rule does not require the road work that a distance runner would, still, to indulge in these walks about two or three times a week is most beneficial to the athlete, not only in his sprinting but likewise in after life. Having practised these cross-country spins for at least two weeks prior to the regular CORRECT MANNER TO FINISH THE SPRINT. Chest well forward, the body literally hurled at the tape. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 51 training, the athlete becomes in a fair condition to undertake his speciaUy. Previously in this book I have given rather a general outline in regards to training, but under this title of work it is my intention to give the reader a more specific line of preparation. Supposing the athlete to have spent considerable thought and consideration upon the preliminary work, the next point is the development for the negotiation of the distance. Short bursts of speed, say about forty yards, should be practised. The ath- lete should confine himself to this distance for two days, and having also practised a few starts prior to his going through this distance, he should end up his day's training by jogging a two hundred and twenty yards dash at a fair clip. The idea of jog- ging this distance is to develop the stride. After dashing at the distance of forty yards, the distance should be increased to sixty yards, and at this latter distance about two attempts should be made. The jog should be decreased to about one hundred and sixty yards. It is to one's advantage to secure some other runner to race with, as it is a wonderful help to have some one alongside of you. This pacer should always be a runner who is acknowledged to be a faster man, and if it is impossible to secure a fast pacer, place a slower man upon a handicap and endeavor to catch him. My first experience was at the Charlesbank Gymnasium in Boston. I was extremely fortunate as to the manner of pace- makers, and I sincerely believe this was one of the principal foundations to my success. At this gymnasium it was the custom for all the professional and amateur athletes around New England to train, and daily we all assembled and formed short distance handicaps. I recall one of my first trials with ''Pooch" INCORRECT WAY OF FINISHING. Showing the faulty position of head and arms. Spalding's Athletic Library. 53 Donovan, brother of the famous ''Piper" Donovan. We raced for fifty yards and I managed to hold him for ahnost all the distance, he barely winning out at the finish. Every one who saw the race predicted a most successful athletic career for me. These try-outs are an immense help to one, and I impress upon the reader the necessity of securing as fast pace as possible- How noticeable it is upon the cinder path to see trainers with a watch in hand timing their protege to see whether the latter is improving or otherwise. The use of a timepiece should be resorted to only upon special occasions. Personally, I never place much faith in the same. An efficient trainer or the sprinter himself generally can tell how he is running by simply racing with his fellow athletes. In the outline of work the full distance should rarely be run. It has been my experience to devote all my energy as far as the seventy-five-yard mark. So when the sprinter has attempted a sixty yards distance next the run should be increased to the seventy-five yards mark. Great care and caution should be used that the athlete has been thoroughly warmed up before he attempts these distances. Having had trials at these various distances, the system of work should be changed slightly, but in all cases the jogging of the one hundred and fifty yards and the two hundred and twenty-two should be continued. As the athlete feels himself approaching the tired and lazy state, which is bound to assert itself sooner or later, he should ease up in his work just a triflie, if for only a few days. It is necessary, after training for two or three weeks, that the runner should reach the tired stage. Personally, just prior to a contest, I always wish to feel tired and a little sleepy, so it would necessitate my retiring earlier than usual, but I wish to caution the runner that there are different SHOWING THE CORRECT POSITION OF HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD —BODY FORWARD. Spalding's Athletic Library. 55 stages of tiredness, if I may so term it. When an athlete gets himself into such a condition that he can sleep at all times, and feels practically worn out, then is the time when great care should be taken not to overdo the training. It was my custom while training to endeavor on all occa- sions to have myself so that at the time of the race I was at my very best. To accomplish this, much energy must be retained within a person, and should not be left upon the cinder path while preparing. While racing in England I was much surprised at the enor- mous -amount of work a sprinter mapped out for himself. Let me advise the runner to save himself as much as possible. I always like to feel in training that I still have some reserve force upon which I can rely. The few points which I have just noted would be mostly con- fined to the runner of rather tender age. The older, and more muscular individual, must, of course, be guided by his own judgment as to the amount of work he can perform. If the per- son is large, the work, in all respects, should be made harder,, as it takes a large person longer to obtain his form than a younger and smaller person. The time for training should be fixed at a certain hour every day, and under no circumstances, except for sickness, should a day be lost. Regularity is one of the principal elements which enters into the success of an athlete, and should the weather be totally unseasonable, upon such occasion the athlete should obtain his rub. Many times in my work have I trained in the rain, and the only reason for my non-appearance on the track would be its poor condition or my illness. Supposing the runner to have attempted the seventy-five yards. Q 12; < hj o /^ w CJ < 'W W 4HH ^ J^H 'S^m w . ' "ii^SWJI Eh '*''Ti'-*^«Mp <5 . M Jh -O ■ f"^' - ,'■ i '. fe g ^ ^ % ^ qS ^•| ^l . ^ ^^ J JS . c "IHI ^1 , ti^pw ^ # y ^ ; '^ ^ A \ -H J jq 4 ^ ■ ^7 ^ / J <■ ^ Spalding' s Athletic Library. 57 mark, the full hundred yards should then be attempted. To the novice, I might advise the use of a timepiece, that he might see what the results of his endeavors are. The day when the full hundred yards is run, the sprinter should end up his day's work by sprinting a good two hundred and twenty yards. Then it is that the efficient coach has an opportunity to observe the progress and the chances of his pupil. Everything should be watched closely and the sprinter should also be observed from a distance. Should the start appear to be slow, of course more time should be spent on this rather difficult essential. On the other hand, should the runner appear not to negotiate the dis- tance strongly, the distance work should be increased. In a great many runners it is noted that some are able to run very well at the beginning of the race, while others show up to better advantage at the finish. To the former, I would say that their chances were far better for success. In my first years I managed to run the first part of my race very fast, but gradually I weakened from the fifty yards on. so that my stronger opponents would always outfoot me in the last few yards of the race. This was simply because I was not able to withstand the pace I started. However, it was not long before I was able to increase gradually to the tape. So, should the runner not give himself up to the care of a coach, he must use his own judgment in such matters. Gradually, as one trains daily he can notice whether he is starting with his usual precision, and has his usual strength at the finish. As I said before, I always delight in seeing a fast beginner, as his chances for development seem more apparent. A few words on the art of finishing, which, I believe, is one of my strong points in a race, may not be amiss here and possibly will be of some assistance to the ambitious aspirant. Spalding's Athletic Library. 59 A sprint, yoii might say, is nothing but a finish from crack of the pistol to the breaking of the tape. My own experience in a race has been that during the whole distance I felt a dread sen- sation as if something terrible was behind me. This dreaded sensation was the crunch on the cinders of my opponents, who were tearing after me with that do-or-die feeling. Then it is that the athlete must keep his wits about him, as there is great danger when one is hard pressed, in his anxiety to get the lead on his antagonist, that the form of running is lost. 6o Spalding s Athletic Library. t)C? PROPER DIET on 4 Perhaps one of the most prominent elements which enter in the subject of training is the diet. Some trainers do not lay particular stress upon this valuable requisite, but it should be fol- lowed with precision. It is absolutely essential that the young athlete using up so much physical and mental force daily should eat well. Previously, according to the old system of training, the athlete was subjected to the most severe rules upon dieting, and his life was simply a drudge, but gradually this system is becoming extinct, so to-day we find all the athletes being treated rather liberally in this respect. In preparing for many of my athletic contests I ate practically anything that agreed with me, but never mdulged in any pastry, sweets, such as candy and the like. Two weeks previous, however, to an important contest I subjected myself to a regular diet. It practically consisted of the same thing every day, and although one must confess it became very tiresome, still it has impressed me as one of the foundations of success. So to the young athlete let me advise eating whatever agrees with you, but do not overtax the digestive system, and especially refrain from pastries, candies and anything of a hard digestible nature. In other words, a liberal menu, such as roast lamb, chicken, beef cooked moderately, broiled steak, chops, poached and boiled eggs, vegetables, fruits, oranges, bananas, figs. Then should the young man be entering some very important race let him follow this special diet about two weeks before the con- Spalding s Athletic Library. 6i test. Broiled steak or chops with poached eggs in the mornings, accompanied with dry toast and tea, coffee or milk ; for lunch, steak, a little vegetables, toast and tea, with a little desert, such as stewed pears ; in the evening practically the same. Any one can see how monotonous it must be to keep eating steak, but such has been my custom, and the results that have been pro- duced plainly speak for themselves. The diet used by many American athletes was extremely surprising to our cousins across the water. I recall when Alvin Kraenzlein and myself were in Birmingham, England, racing at the sports of the Birmingham Athletic Club, we were guests of Dr. Badger, president of the Midland Counties Association of England. He asked what we desired for a dinner previous to our race. When we informed him what we were accustomed to eating he was very much astounded, as he informed us that our menu was very hard to digest and much opposed to the teachings of medicine. When, however, Kraenzlein went out and broke a world's record he stated that from thereafter he would not undertake to prescribe or criticise the diet of an athlete, as Kraenzlein had completely upset all his directions. Some athletic trainers allow the use of intoxicants, such as Dublin stout, Bass ale, beer, and in some cases wine. There is no serious objections to any of these when practised with common sense, but should the young athlete be a teetotaler I would advise him to refrain from their use. Now-a-days a great many of our athletes are accustomed to their use at home, and so consequently in such cases it would be of no serious disad- vantage to use sparingly of the same. They should be used principally as a tonic to the .system and never indulged in to excess. Another important element which enters in the subject of 62 Spalding s Athletic Library, training is the question of regular hours. Regularity in this respect should be insisted upon. All athletes should retire not later than ten-thirty and arise anywhere from seven-thirty to eight-thirty. Sleep is an absolute necessity, as an athlete doing physical work requires more rest than the ordinary individual. It is also to one's advantage to endeavor to snatch a short nap in the afternoon just previous to training. There should be positively no smoking during training, as this popular habit is very injurious not only to the wind, but also to the nerve centres. It was surprising to me when racing in Europe to see the foreign athletes training and still smoking. They were astonished when I informed them that while training I never used tobacco in any form, and repeatedly asked me my objections to its use. The Englishmen in particular seem to be addicted to this habit and smoke continuously while training. They do not believe in denying themselves such fancies, but are content with racing for the pure love of the sport. They do not train so assiduously as the American athlete, and con- sequently do not produce the sprinters that we do, England seems to be a little behind in respect to sprinters, as repeatedly the "Yankee" cousins contend with them and always defeat them. This is a very unexplainable situation, not only to the Englishmen themselves, but likewise to the American sportsman. Certain rules of training should be laid down and discipline should be rigidly enforced. How noticeable it is that a great many of our promising athletes cannot be trusted to train con- scientiously, but occasionally sneak away and indulge in various forms of dissipation. To such characters as these I would advise them to refrain from attempting to run, as they are not only a detriment to the sport, but likewise are inflicting severe injury upon themselves. Spalding's Athletic Library. 6^ ?- T)Cr BATHING AND MASSAGING The subject of bathing, a minor but necessary detail in the exercise of running, should be indulged with cautiously. Some athletes can stand bathing every day, while others on the other hand are weakened by daily sprays. To the majority of athletes, however, I believe it is advantageous to wash daily. Let the runner secure a large sponge and as soon as he has completed the daily training sponge all over with warm water. After the sponging has been completed take a warm shower bath, and gradually regulated till it becomes cold. Under no conditions remain too long, but immediately after the cold shower, secure a rough Turkish towel and have a rubber wipe off the water briskly. My experience as to bathing has been that I took just such showers until a week before the contest, then I refrained from any whatsoever. After the rubbing down process by means of the Turkish towel has been finished, then the athlete should receive a thorough massaging. The latter is very essential in sprinting, for in order for one to hope to be successful he should keep all the muscles supple. It is not absolutely necessary to have some particular liniment as a rub-down, anything in the line of witch hazel, alcohol or the hke will do. The effects of rubbing is not from the embrocation used, but the effect of the kneading from the same. Upon damp and cold days, before the athlete appears upon 64 Spalding's Athletic Library. the track to do his work, I should advise him to lubricate well all his joints with cocoanut oil. In fact, any day of a race I would massage thoroughly with this oil. The subject of rub- bing formerly was considered not absolutely essential, and as a matter of fact many sprinters to-day do no rubbing. My experience in sprint-running has been that it is absolutely neces- sary. It is surprising how rapidly an athlete can become stale if he does not rub. In my English races many times I was unable to rub properly, but the neglect of such soon asserted itself. In England the manner of rubbing is very different than in our own country. Abroad the rubber uses a certain kind of rough mittens; and only upon extraordinary occasions did I see an embrocation used. Personally, I had no use for this method of massaging with these mittens, and the rubbers seemed much astunded when I requested them to give me a "Yankee Rub." It is to one's advantage to rub before working, as well as after. It is very easy to strain a ligament or tendon, but by having the limbs thoroughly warmed up before practising it decreases the chances of any such accidents. WHAT TO WEAR AND USE 4 Cross Country Shoes It is very important that the beginner in athletics should know what to wear for the dif- ferent sports. The cross country runner requires a shoe with a low, broad heel, and spikes in sole of shoe; he can have spikes in the heel or not, just as it suits him. A pair of Spalding's No. 14-C shoes, which are made of the finest Kang- aroo leather, and used by all the prominent cross country runners, cost $5 00 per pair. A sprinter will require a pair of sprinting shoes. No. 2-0, that retail for $5.00. It was with this style shoe that Wefers made all his records. John Cregan, the Inter-Collegiate Champion, wore them, as well as Charles Kilpatrick, the peerless half-mile runner and celebrated record holder, and Arthur F. Dufifey, who has gone the 100 yards in 9 3-5 seconds. The sweater. No. A, of finest Australian lamb's wool, was made origin- ally by special order for the Yale foot ball team and now used by all college athletes, is one of the best in the market, sells for $6.00; athletic shirt, No. 600, at $1.25; athletic pants. No. 3, at 75 cents ; a supporter is very essential for an ath- lete and nearly all the champions use them ; No. 5 is the most suitable one and retails at 75 cents ; a pair of corks will cost the athlete 15 cents; pushers for the running shoes, 25 cents; the bath robe is now an essential part of an athlete's outfit — these re- tail at $5.00. This complete outfit costs $19-15. The second quality of the same line of goods can be bought as follows: Sprinting shoes, No. 10, $4.00; sweater, No. B, $5.00 ; shirt, No. 6 E, 50 cents ; pants. No. 4, 50 cents ; supporter, No. ^2, 50 cents; corks. No. i, 15 cents; pushers, No. 5, 25 cents; bath robe, $3.50. This second grade outfit costs $14.40. The pole-vaulter will want the same outfit, with the exception of a pair of jumping shoes. No. 14-H, which sell for $5.00, and a pair of wrist supporters, No. 200, which can be bought for about 35 cents. There is one article that a pole- vaulter must have, and that is his own pole. Jumping and Hurdling Shoes There is an awful lot in getting used to a pole and having confi- dence in the one that is yours, because no other contestant is allowed to use it according to the rules, which is quite right, for we have often seen a pole-vaulter make the fatal mistake of allow- ing much heavier men to use his pole and break it. Any one can naturally understand that a man who weighs 160 pounds cannot use a pole designed for a man weighing 115 pounds. The best pole on the market for athletic purposes is the 15-foot 6-inch pole as supplied by A. G. Spalding & Bros, to the Prince- ton University A. A. This pole is made of hollow spruce, thus being much lighter, and owing to a special preparation with which it is filled, the strength and stiffness is greatly increased. It re- tails for $10.50; a 14- foot pole, hollow, retails for $9-50, and the solid for $6.00. Usually the vault- er will wrap the pole to suit his own tastes. The high jumper and the broad jumper will want an outfit as fol- lows : Jumping shoes. No. 14-H, $5.00 ; sweater, No. A, $6.00; shirt, No. 600, $1.25; pants. No. 3, Intercollegiate Swea^r ^^ ''^"^^ ' ^UPPOrter, No. 5, 15 cents; pushers, No. 5, .5 cents; bath robcToo '°^'" '"'• '' An outfit with several of the articles of a cheaper grade than B%tr l°TJrT' '"""'' N°- '4-«- fc.oo; sweater, No B, $5.00 ; sh.rt. No. 6-E, 50 cents; pants. No. 4, 50 cents- sup- porter No^ .50 cents; corks. No. ,, ,5 cents-'pushers No. 5. 25 cents; bath robe, $3.50. > • ^' ^ The man who throws the weights will require the same wear- ing apparel as the pole-vaulter or the runner. John Flanagan and James Mitchel, two of the greatest weight throwers in Ihe Zt Tl . Z ^"r " '' '''' ^°- ^4-H shoe, with a short spike, which retails for $5.00. It is very essential that the weight thrower should have his own implements; in fact, nearly all the champion weight throwers carry their own weights with them and guard them jealously. ^ Without doubt the best hammer in the market to-day is the ball- oeanng championship hammer as designed and used by John Sleeveless Shirt Flanagan, the record holder and champion thrower of the world. This sells for $10.00. An extra leather case for carrying these hammers will cost the athlete $2.00. The regulation hammer, lead, you can get for $4.50 and the iron at $3.25. The 16-pound shot, lead, will cost $2.50, and the iron, $1.75. The 56- pound weight, lead, will cost $8.50, While on this subject I would advise any weight thrower who wants to become expert to carry his own weights and particularly his own hammer. He can then arrange to have the grip made to suit himself, and when necessary to cover it with leather, and he will not be called upon when he goes to a competi- tion to take the ordinary hammer with a handle with v/hich he is not familiar. Athletes should make it a point to have two suits of athletic apparel, one for competition and one for practice purposes. The clothing that some of our crack athletes wear in competition is a disgrace to athletics, and it adds a great deal to an athlete's appearance to appear neat and clean when taking part in athletic competition. In prac- tice within one's club or grounds al- most any kind of clothing can be used. A sprinter should have two pairs of running shoes, one a very heavy pair for practicing in (the cross country shoe. No. 14-C, makes a very good shoe for this purpose, and can be had with or without spikes on heels), and a light pair for Running Pants ^.^^j^^^ q^^^ ^f ^j^^ ^^^^ professional sprinters that ever wore a shoe made it a point to train for all his races in very heavy sprinting shoes. Aside from the benefit that IS claimed for practicing in heavy shoes, you always feel as though you have a pair of shoes that will he ready for any race that is scheduled, and bear in mind it does not pay to buy athletic implements or clothing that are cheap. They don't wear and cannot give you the service that you will get from articles that are official and made by a reputable house Athletes and athletic club officials would do well to procure a copy of the Athletic Primer (No. 87) of Spalding's Athletic Li- brary) . Thisibook fully covers the construction of athletic grounds and tracks, the management of games, formation of new clubs, etc. It also contains illustrations and diagrams of what might be considered a perfect athletic track. In laying out or re-arranging grounds great care should be taken to see that the field sports can go on without interference, and m the management of a large meeting it is very essential that more than one field sport should go fi^^fc ranged to h"ve the I running broad jump, f running high jump. Take-off Board. and the circles for weight-throwing separated. In order to have your plant as perfect as possible, it is necessary that you have all the apparatus that is necessary, not only to conduct an athletic meet, but to give the different athletes an opportunity to practice the various sports Toe Board or Stop Board. There are many things that are required. Great care should be taken in the arrange- ment of the broad jump. The toe board is a very important article and is generally over- looked, and the runway re- quires as much attention as the track. At the average athletic grounds the jumpTng^pIth is usually neglected. L »,_ y — ___J IZ^^^-- -^^ *^^^ sprint races, wherever pos- '^^^'~^'''Zl^--'--fr-''^r^^ ^^^^^' ^^^^ contestant should be given |-°^j 1 ' r^ L I ^^^^ °^" lane. A iane can be made =^ 1* of iron stakes driven in the ground about eighteen inches apart and Lanes for Sprint Races Strung with COrds. For the pole vaulters and high jumpers you should procure two sets of wooden apparatus — Spalding's complete apparatus- I VAULTING STANDARD. AND POLES. No. 109. If the pole jump and high jump go on at the same time, an extra lot of cross-bars should be on hand and three or four different poles. The regulation 56-p0iind weight, weight, can be secured for $8.50. known as the "Mitchel" Regulation 56-Lb. Weight Regulation 16-Lb. Hammer For the weights you will be required to furnish a i6-lb. Spald- ing Championship Ball Bearing Hammer, as originally designed by Champion John Flanagan. It is now universally used by all the good weight throwers. The ball-bearing swivel hammer is in great demand and favored. It does away with the breaking of handles, and Flanagan claims it can be thrown many feet further than the old style hammer. Schoolboys invariably use the 12-pound shot and ihe 12-pound hammer. If they desire lead shot, it usually costs a little more than the iron. The 16-pound iron shot can be bought for about ?i.75, and the 12-pound Shut for $1.50. The most suitable hurdles on the mar- ket are the Foster Patent Safety Hur- dles. The frame is 2 feet 6 inches in height with a horizontal rod passing through it two feet above the ground. The hurdle is a wooden gate 2 feet high 'swinging on this rod at a point 6 inches from one of the sides and 18 inches from the other. With the short side up it Foster Patent Safety Hurdle ^ ^ . , c ,1 1 at ~ ft. 6 in. height measures 2 feet 6 niches from the ground, and with the long side up 3 feet 6 inches. The hurdle can be changed from one height to the other in a few seconds, and is held lirm.ly in either position by a thumb-screw on the rod. Tt would be hard to conceive any device more simple or more easily handled than this. The inven- Foster Patent Safety Hurdle tiou was uscd exclusively at the Olympic at3ft. Gin. height Games of 1904, and has met with the approval of the best known physical directors and trainers of the country. The Spalding Official Discus should always be on the grounds. This re- tails for $5.00. .-7—=., , '__^ A megaphone is now Official Discus a necessary adjunct to an athletic meeting. With a megaphone almost any amateur can announce Megaphone ^'^c results distinctly. The captain of the club should endeavor to have in his posses- sion a pistol so that the boj-s can practice starting, and a wiiistle for announcing that everything is ready for a start and also for attracting the attention of the ^-^^"^-^^^.^ ..pe ttTni;h"""^ """""'■ ''''' "^' ''''''' b^"-^ -' y-^- for Starter's Pi;tol Measuring: Tape The athlete is also advised to consult the following books which atll°,'ic'trTi'^''"'''^'^'"'f "• *'• ^- ^^"'P''^- ^^'"---^ f°^^most at et,c tramer now wtth Pennsylvania, is the author, and it was wrttten especally for the schoolboy and college man. IllustraTed from photos of college champions. illustrated No. 87~^Me/,c Primer. Edited by J. E. Sullivan. Tells how and track, how to conduct an athletic meeting, with a special article on training. Fully illustrated. ^ No. ^i(,~The Athletes' Guide. How to become an athlete It contains lull .nstrnctions for the beginner, telling how to sprin act, th,s book ,s one of the most complete on the subjecf hat has e^•er appeared. Special chapters contain valuable advTc to whTl'^r; :"V'"P°«^"' A- A- U. rules and their explanations! Orto°; '^4--^"/««^.^«rf Cross Country Running. By George how M h '^™°"^ U"'-^^^i'y of Pennsylvania runner. TeL for ra°„ir;'"H'™n"'"' '" "^^" specialt.es, gives instructions bestT,; "^ «t1om """^"^' "'"^ "^"^ '"'" P^- P'--- °f '"e No. x%z~All-Around Athletics. Revsed and up-to-date by Errv^H"ri r"'-'"* '°' "" ^""A™""" Championship," by Ellery H. Clark, wmner ,n 1897 and 1903; "Training for the All-Around," by Dr. E. C. White, ex-champion; "How to Become an All-Around Athlete," by Adam B. Gunn, ex-cham- pion; other explicit and detailed instructions for the competitor; scores of contests from 1884; tables of points used in scoring the all-around; notable performances of all-around winners; portraits of prominent all-around competitors, and scenes taken at all- around meets. The best book on all-around work ever published. No. 2\']— Olympic Handbook. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Chief Department Physical Culture, Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion, and Director Olympic Games, 1904. Contains a complete report of the Olympic Games of 1904, with list of records and pictures of hundreds of athletes; also reports of the games of 1896 and 1900. No. 22,g— Official hitercollegiate A. A. A. A. Handbook. Con- tains official rules that govern intercollegiate events and all inter- collegiate records. Any boy who intends to compete in college athletics should familiarize himself with this book. No. 241— Official Handbook of the A. A. U. of the United States. The A. A. U. is the governing body of athletics in the United States, and all games must be held under its rules, which are exclusively published in this book. No. 24s— Official V. J/. C. A. Handbook. Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well-known athletic authority. Contains official Y. M. C. A. athletic rules, records, scoring tables, etc. No. 2^6— Athletic Training for Schoolboys. This book is the most complete work of its kind yet attempted. The compiler is Geo. W. Orton, of the University of Pennsylvania, a famous ath- lete himself and who is well qualified to give instructions to the beginner. Each event in the intercollegiate programme is treated of separately, both in regards to method of training and form. By following the directions given, the young athlete will be sure to benefit himself without the danger of overworking, as many have done through ignorance, rendering themselves unfitted for their task when the day of competition arrived. No. 2^g— Official Handbook of the Public Schools Athletic League. This is the official handbook of the Public Schools Athletic League, which embraces all the public schools of Greater New York. It contains the official rules that govern all the contests of the league, and constitution, by-laws and officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical education in the New York public schools, and Wm. C. J. Kelly, secretary of the league. Illustrated. No. 250 — Official Athletic Almanac. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- van, Chief Department Physical Culture, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and Director Olympic Games, 1904. The only annual publication now issued that contains a complete list of amateur best-on-records; complete intercollegiate records; com- plete English records from 1866; swimming records; inter- scholastic records; Irish, Scotch and Australasian records; re- ports of leading athletic meets; skating records; important athletic events and numerous photos of individual athletes and leading athletic teams. Illustrated with pictures of the year's leading athletes. No. 2S2— How to Sprint. By Arthur F. Dufifey, holder of the world's record for 100 yards, 9 3-5 seconds. In this book Cham- pion Dufifey gives a complete and detailed account of how he trained for his races, and that his methods are correct is borne out by his wonderful performances in America, the British Isles, Australia and New Zealand. Every schoolboy who aspires to be a sprinter can study this book to advantage and gain a great deal of useful knowledge. Illustrated from photographs posed by Champion Dufifey, showing correct and incorrect methods. The price of each of the above books is ten cents, and they can be obtained generally from any newsdealer or from the pub- lishers, American Sports Publishing Company, 21 Warren Street, New York. In addition to the above special list, Spalding's Athletic Library contains books on every athletic subject. A complete list of same will be found in the last pages of this book. X SPECIAL AWARD^r GRAND PRIZE B were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus, ise Ball and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's F ail J G ^ Athletic Training For Schoolboys (Spalding's Athletic Library No. 246) By GEO. W. ORTON >. t^\ This book is the most complete work of its kind yet attempte., with sole leather case. $12.00 06. 16-Ib., with sole leather case. 12.00 No. 02X. 12-lb., without sole leather case. 10.00 No. 06X. 16-lb., without sole leather case. 10.00 No. No. A. C. SPALDING & BROS. New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati Montreal, Can. London, England SPECIAl AWARD ««> GRAND PRIZE "^f^^ Ton?^^-.?- SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- sition. 1904. for the best, most complete and most attractive instaMon 5 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the WorlJs fair Spaldind's New Regulation Hammer With Wire Handle Lead each No. 9. 12-lb., Lead, Practice, $4.25 No. 10. 16-lb., Lead, Regulation, 4. 50 Iron EACH No. 12. 8-lb., Iron, Juvenile, $2.50 No. 14. 12-lb., Iron, Practice, 3.00 No. 15. 16-lb., Iron, Regulation, 3.25 Extra Wire Handles each No. 6H. For above hammers, 50c. Shot No. 19. No. 21. No. 23. No. 25. No. 18. 16-lb., Lead. 12-lb., Lead. 16-lb., Iron. 12-lb., Iron. 8-lb., Iron. Each, $2.50 " 2.25 " L75 '' L50 " 1.25 New York Boston Buffalo A. C. SPALDING & BROS. Cincinnati Chicago Minneapolis Philadelphia St. Louis Baltimore Denver Montreal, Can. Wasnington San Francisco Kansas City New Orleans Pittsburg Syracuse London, England SPECIAL AWARD •» GRAND PRIZE were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's fair. Indoor Shot With our improved leather cover. Does not lose weight even when used constantly. No. 3. 12-lb. Indoor Shot. Each,$7.00 No. 4. 16-lb. Indoor Shot. . . "7.50 No. 26. 8-lb. Indoor Shot. . . "5.00 Regulation 564b. Weights Made after model submitted by Cham- pion J. S. Mitchel, and endorsed by all weight throwers. Packed in box and guaranteed correct in weight and in ex- act accordance with rules of A. A. U. No. 2 Lead 56-lb. Weights Complete, $8.50 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. New York Boston Buffalo Cincinnati Chicago Minneapolis Philadelphia St. Louis Baltimore Denver Montreal, Can. Washington San Francisco Kansas City New Orleans Pittsburg Syracuse London, England Special Award and Grand Prize were won by A. G SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. VAULTING STANDARD AND POLES. Vaulting Standards No. 109. Wooden uprights, graduated in quarter inches, adjustable to 12 feet. Complete, $15.00 No. 110. Wooden uprights, inch graduations, adjustable to 10 feet, $10.00 No. 111. Wooden uprights, inch graduations, 7 feet high. 7.00 Cross Bars No. 112. Hickory. Per doz., $3.00 No. 113. Pine. Per doz., $2.00 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. New York Chicago St. Louis Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Cincinnati Montreal, Can. Washington San Francisco Kansas City New Orleans Pittsburg Syracuse London, England sPEani AWARD>">> Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods mailed free to any address. A. C. SPALDING & BROS. New York Chicago St. Louis Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Cincinnati Montreal, Can. Washington Kansas City Pittsburg San Francisco New Orleans Syracuse London, England SPECIAL AWARDm(RAIND PRIZE were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. Spalding Gymnasium Shoes Horsehide sole; soft and flexible; in la- dies' and men* sizes. No. 155. Pair, $3.50 Kangaroo; elkskin sole, extra light, hand made. No. 15. Pair, $4.00 High cut, best grade canvas shoe, white rubber sole ; in ladies ' and men's sizes; men's made of white canvas, ladies' black. No. IH. Pair, $1.50 High cut canvas shoe, rubber sole. No. M. Pair, $1.00 A. C. SPALDING & BROS, Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg Syracuse Montreal, Can, London, England New York Boston Buffalo Cincinnati The Spalding Tubular Steel Racing Skate rOR years past racing men have been looking for a skate '^ that could be depended upon absolutely. Ordinary solder is not always sufficient to stand the strain at certain points when a man is turning a corner at full speed, and this is one reason why the Spalding Tubular Steel Skate, with every joint brazed like a bicycle frame— not soldered, jumped into such great popularity immediately upon its introduction late last season. We claim that this skate embraces more good points necessary to a first-class rac- ing skate than any other style on the market to-day. We have the opinions and practical experience of some of the most prominent racing men in this country to go by, notably Mr. Sam See, who passed on most of the details of construction, and every pair is backed up with a positive guarantee of quality. If it gives way through any fault of its construction, w e will gladly replace with a new pair or refund the money. Some Good Points about the Spalding Tubular Steel Racing Skate Absolutely guaranteed; very light weight, all tubular steel construc- tion; everyjointbrazed, not soldered, making it the strongest racing skate manufactured; blades very thin, made of 1-16 in. Norway tool steel, hardened; toe and heel plates made of the best partly hard- ened steel, left full size so that they can be cut to fit any size shoe. In three lengths of blade, 14, 15 and 16 inches. Pair, $6.00 A. New York Boston Buffalo San Francisco C. SPALDING & BROS. Chicago St. Louis Washington Minneapolis Philadelphia Baltimore Denver Montreal, Can. Kansas City Pittsburg London, EnglancJ pPCCiOTOD^y^^ PRIZE I j^ tsase Ball and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's FairTni D '^- -'i TiTe Spalding Official Intercollegiate Foot Ball V WE have spared no expense in making this ball perfect in every detail, and offer it as the finest foot ball ever pro- duced. Each ball is thoroughly tested, packed in a sepa- rate box and sealed, so that our customers are guaranteed a perfect ball inside when same is received with seal unbroken A polished and nickel-plated brass foot ball inflater and lacing needle will be packed with each Intercollegiate foot ball without extra charge. Used exclusively by all the leading universities, colleges and athletic associations without exception. No. J5. Complete, $4.00 ^^—5) .;. A. C. SPALDING & BROS. (L__ KJ"""^ Chicago St Louis Denver San Fran'^s"^ BufSu P>„-i^7rif-P°'^^. Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati Montreal, Can. London, England 1 SPECIAL AWARD T CRAIND PRIZE were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus, Base Ball and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. s rS'-lS''^^ ::::,tS^I'£^L c< THE SPALDING OFFICIAL LEAGUE BALL Used exclusively by the National League, Minor Leagxies, and by all Intercollegiate and other Associations for over a quarter of a century. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil and put in a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the regulations of the National League and American Association. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordinary conditions. Each, $1.25 A. C. SPALDING & BROS, (U. New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati Montreal, Can. London, England Spalding'' s Athletic Library. (^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY Spalding's Athletic Library is devoted to all athletic sports and pas- times, indoor and outdoor, and is the recognized American cyclopedia of sport. Each book is complete in itself; and those sports which are gov- erned by National Associations always designate Spalding's Athletic Library as the official publication. This gives to each book the official authority to contain the rules. Each year the books are brought up to date, with the latest rules, nev/ ideas, new pictures and valuable informa- tion, thus making the series the most valuable of its kind in the world. The price, 10 cents per copy, places them in the reach of all, and no one's library can be complete unless all numbers are found therein. characteristic attitudes. No. 13- How to Play Hand Balf By the world's champion, Michael Egan, of Jersey City. This book has been re- written and brought vip to date in every particular. Every play is thoroughly ex- plained by text and diagram. The numerous illustrations consist of full pages made from photographs of Champion Egan, showing him in all his Price 10 cents. No. 14-Curling A short history of this famous Scottish pastime, with instructions for play, rules of the game, definitions of terms and dia- grams of different shots. Price 10 cents. No. 23-Canoeing By C. Bowyer Vaux. Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing canoes and their uses; with hints on rig and management ; the choice of a canoe ; sailing canoes ; racing regulations; canoeing and camping. Fully illustrated. Price 10 cents. Spalding's Athletic Library, ins No. 27-College Athletics M. C. Murphy, the well-known athletS* trainer, now with Pennsylvania, the author of this book, has written it especi- ally for the schoolboy and college man, but it is invaluable for the athlete who wishes to excel in any branch of athletic sport. The subjects comprise the follow- ing articles: Training, starting, sprint- how to train for the quarter, half, mile and longer distances; walk- high and broad jumping; hurdling; pole vaulting; throwing the hammer. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 29— Exercising With Pulley Weights By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium, Anderson Normal School, Chautauqua University. In conjunction with a chest machine anyone with this book can be- come perfectly developed. Contains all the various movements necessary to become proficient and of well- developed physique. Price 10 cents. l! No. 40— Archery By J. S. Mitchel. An introductory chapter on the use of the bow and arrow; archery of the present day; the bow and how to use it, with practical illustrations on the right and wrong method of aiming. Price 10 cents. Official Sporting No. 55 Rules Contains rules not found in other publi- cations for the government of many sports; rules for wrestling, cross-country running, shuffleboard, skating, snowshoe- ing, quoits, potato racing, professional racing, raccquets, pigeon flying, doff racing, pistol and revolver shooting. Price 10 cents. No. 87— Athletic Primer Edited by James E. Sullivan, Secretary-% Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic Union; tells how to organize an athletic club, how to conduct an athletic meeting, and gives rules for the government of athletic meet- ings; contents also include directions for building a track and laying out athletic grounds, and a very instructive article on ■training; fully illustrated with pictures of leading athletes in action. Price 10 cents. SpaldUig' s Athletic Library. 1 !^^^^H NOi I02— Ground Tumbling By Prof. Henry Walter Worth, who was for years physical director of the Armour Institute of Technology. Any boy, by- reading this book and following the in- structions, which are drawn from life, can become a proficient tumbler; all the various tricks explained. Price 10 cents. No. 104— The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises By G. M. Martin, Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A. of Youngstown. Ohio. It is a book that should be in the hands of every physical director of the Y. M. C. A., ^, , ^ ^ , , school, club, college, etc. The contents comprise: The place of the class in physical training; grading of exer- cises and season schedules-grading of men, grading of exercises, season schedules for various classes, elementary and advanced classes, leaders, optional exercises, examinations, college and school work; calisthenic exercises, graded apparatus exercises and general massed class exercises. Nearly 200 pages. Price 10 cents. No. 124— How to Become a Gymnast By Robert Stoll, of the New York A. C, the American champion on the flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy who frequents a gymnasium can easily follow the illustrations and instructions in this book and with a little practice become ,, proficient on the horizontal and parallel bars, the trapeze or the horse." Price 10 cents. No. 128-How to Row By E. J. Giannini, of the New York A. C, one of America's most famous ama- teur oarsmen and champions. This book will instruct any one who is a lover of rowing how to become an expert. It is fully illustrated, showing how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other information that will prove valuable to the beginner. Contains also the official laws of boat racing of the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen. Price 10 cents. 129-Water Polo By Gus Sundstrom, instructor at the New York A. C. It treats of every detail, the individual work of the players, the practice of the team, how to throw the ball, with illustrations and many valu- able hints. Price 10 cents. Spalding' s Athletic Library. No. 138-Ofncial Croquet Guide Contains directions for playing, dia- grams of important strokes, description of grounds, instructions for the begin- ner, terms used in the game, and the official playing rules. Price 10 cents. No. I40-Wrestling Catch as catch can style. By E. H. Hitchcock, M. D.. of Cornell, and R. F. Nelligan, of Amherst College. The book contains nearly seventy illustrations of the different holds, photographed especially and so described that anybody who desires to become expert in wrestling can with Price 10 cents. No. (42-Physical Training Simpliried By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known physical culture expert. Is a complete, thorough and practical book where the whole man is considered— brain and body. By following the instructions no appara- tus is required. The book is adapted for both sexes. The exercises comprise directions as follows: how to stand; how to sit; how to rest; breathing; exercises for the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck, hips, knees, ankles; a word about the muscles; the arms and thighs: shoulders and chest; waist; sides; back and ab- domen; bowing; bending: twisting; the liver squeezer, etc., etc. Fully illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 143- Indian Clubs and Dumb-Bells Two of the most popular forms of home or gymnasium exercise. This book is written by America's amateur champion club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No.l49-TheCareof theBody A book that all who value health should read and follow its instructions. By Prof . E.B. Warman, the well known lecturer and authority on physical culture. The subject is thoroughly treated, as a glance at the following small portion of the contents shows: An all-around athlete; muscular Christianity : eating; diet— various opin- ions; bill of fare for brain workers; bill of fare for muscle-makers: what to eat and drink; a simple diet; an opinion on brain food; why is food required? drinking water; nutrition— how food nourishes the body; a day's food, how used; constituents of a day's ration— beefsteak, pota- toes bread, butter, water; germs of disease, etc. Price 10 cents. Spalding' s Athletic Library. No. 154-Field Hockey To those in need of vigorous and health- ful out-of-doors exercise, this game is recommended highly. Its healthful at- tributes are manifold and the interest of player and spectator alike is kept active throughout the progress of the game. The game is prominent in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley.Bryn Mawr and other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. No. (56-The Athlete's Guide How to become an athlete. It contains jfull instructions for the beginner, telling [how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw weights, general hints on training; in fact, this book is one of the most complete on the subject that has ever appeared. Special chapters contain valuable advice to beginners and important A. A. U. rules and their explanations, while the pictures comprise many scenes showing champions in action. Price 10 cents. No. 157-How to Play Lawn Tennis A complete description of lawn tennis; a lesson for beginners and directions tell- ing how to make the most important strokes; styles and skill of the experts; the American twist service; how to build and keep a court. Illustrated from photographs Price 10 cents. No, 158-lndoor and Out- door Gymnastic Games Without question one of the best books of its kind ever published. Com- piled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well- known Y. M. A.C. physical director. It is a book that will prove valuable to indoor and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be amused. The games described comprise a list of 120, divided into several groups. Price 10 cents. No. 16(-Ten Minutes' Exer- cise for Busy Men By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, super- intendent of physical training in the New York public schools. Anyone who is look- ing for a concise and complete course of physical education at home would do well to procure a copy of this book. Ten minutes' work as directed is exercise anyone can follow. It already has had a large sale and has been highly commended by all who have followed its instructions. Nearly 100 pages of illustrations and 100 of tex\ Price 10 cents. Spalding' s Athletic Library. J-J No. 162-How to Become a Boxer For many years books have been issued on the art of boxing, but it has remained for us to arrange a book that we think is sure to fill all demands. It contains over 70 pages of illustrations showing all the latest blows, posed especially for this book under the supervision of one of the best instructors of boxing in the United States, who makes a specialty of teaching and who knows how to impart his knowledge. They are so arranged that any- one can easily become a proficient boxer. The book also contains pic- tures of all the well known boxers. A partial list of the 200 pages of the book include: A history of boxing; how to box; the correct position; the hands; clenching the fist; the art of gauging distance; the first principles of hitting; the elements of defence; feinting; knockout blows; the chin punch; the blow under the ear; the famous solar plexus knock- out; the heart blow; famous blows and their originators: Fitzsimmons* contribution; the McCoy corkscrew; the kidney punch; the liver punch; the science of boxing; proper position of hand and arm; left hook to face; hook to the jaw; how to deliver the solar plexus; correct delivery of a right uppercut; blocking a right swing and sending a right uppercut to chin; blocking a left swing and sending a left uppercut to chin; the side step; hints on training, diet and breathing; how to train; rules for boxing. Price 10 cents. No. [65-The Art of Fencing This is a new book by Regis and Louis Senac, of New York, famous instructors and leading authorities on the subject. Messrs. Senac give in detail how every move should be made, and tell it so clearly that anyone can follow the instructions. It is illustrated with sixty full page pic- especially for this book. Price 10 cents. No. 166-How to Swing Indian Clubs By Prof. E. B.Warman, the well- known exponent of physical cul- ture. By following the directions carefully anyone can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No. 167-Quoits By M. W. Deshong. The need of a book on this interesting game has been felt by many who wished to know the fine points and tricks used by the experts. Mr. Deshong explains them, with illustrations, so that a novice can readily understand.. Price 10 cents. Spalding" s Athletic Library. No. 170-Push Ball Played with an air-inflated ball 6 feet in diameter, weigh- ing' about 50 pounds. A side consists of eleven men. This book contains the official rules and a sketch of the game; illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 171 -Basket Ball for Women Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of Smith College. Contains the rules for basket ball for women as adopted by the conference on physical training, held in June, 1899, at Springfield, Mass., and articles on the fol- lowing subjects: Psychological efi'ects of basket ball for women, by Dr. L. H. Gulick, superintendent of physical training in the schools of Greater New York; physiological effects of basketball, by Theodore Hough, Ph. D.; significance of basket ball for women, by Senda Berenson; relative merit of the Y. M. C A. rules and women's rules, by Augusta Lane Patrick; practical side of basket ball, by Ellen Emerson, B. K.; Agnes Childs, A. B. and Fanny Garrison, A. B.; A Plea for Basket Ball, by Julie Ellsbee Sullivan, Teachers' College, New York; diagram of field, showing position of team; illustrated with many pictures of basket ball teams. Price 10 cents. No. 174-Distance and Cross Country Running By George Orton, the famous University of Pennsylvania runner. Tells how to be- come proficient at the quarter, half, mile, the longer distances, and cross-country running and steeplechasing, with instruc- tions for training and schedules to be ob- served when preparing for a contest. Illustrated with numerous pictures of leading athletes in action, with comments by the editor on the good and bad points shown. Price 10 cents. No. r77-How to Swim By J. H. Sterrett, the leading authority on swimming in America. The instruc- tions will interest the expert as well as the novice; the illustrations were made from photographs especially posed, showing the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the series of "land drill" exercises for the beginner, which is illustrated by many drawings. The contents com- prise: A plea for education in swimming; swimming as an exercise and for development; land drill exercises; plain swimming; best methods of learning; the breast stroke; breathing; under-arm side stroke; scientific strokes— over-arm side stroke: double over-arm or "trudgeon" stroke; touching and turning; training for racing; ornamental swimming; float- ing; diving; running header; back dive; diving feet foremost; the propel- ler; marching on the water; swimming on the back; amateur swimming rules; amateur plunging rules. . Price 10 cents. Spalding's Athletic Library. No. 178-How to Train for Bicycling Gives methods of the best riders when training for long or short distance races; hints on training. Revised and up-to-date in every particular. Price 10 cents. No. 180-Ring Hockey A new game for the gymnasium, in- vented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, that has sprung into instant popularity ; as exciting as basket ball. This book contains official rules. Price 10 cents. No. 182-AII-Around Athletics Gives in full the method of scoring the All-Around Championship, giving percen- tage tables showing what each man receives for each performance in each of the ten events. It contains as well in- structive articles on how to train for the Illustrated with many pictures of champions All-Around Championship. in action and scenes at all-around meets. Price 10 cents. No. 185-Health Hints A series of articles by Prof. E. B. War- man, the well known lecturer and author- ity on physical culture. Prof. Warman treats very interestingly of health influ- enced by insulation; health influenced by underwear; health influenced by color ; exercise, who needs it? Price 10 cents. No. (87-How to Play Roller Polo Edited by J. C. Morse. A full descrip- tion of the game ; official rules pictures of teams ; other articles of interest. Price 10 cents. No. 188-Lawn Hockey, Tether Tennis, Coif Cro- quet, Volley Ball, Hand Tennis, Carden Hockey, Parlor Hockey, Badmin- ton Containing the rules for each game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. Spalding' s Athletic Library. No. 189-Rules for Games Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, director of physical training, department of edu- cation. New York City. These games are intended for use at recesses, and all but the team games have been adapted to large classes. Suitable for children from three to eight years, and include a great variety, divided under the general heads of ball games, bean bag games, circle games, singing and miscellaneous games. Price 10 cents. No. 191-How to Punch the Bag By W. H. Roth well ("Young Corbett"), champion featherweight of the world. This book is undoubtedly the best treatise on bag punching that has ever been printed. Every variety of blow used in training is shown and explained. The pictures comprise thirty-three full page reproductions of Young Corbett as he appears while at work in his training quarters. The photographs ■were taken by our special artist and cannot be seen in any other publica- tion than Spalding's Athletic Library No. 191. Fancy bag punching is treated by a well known theatrical bag puncher, who shows the latest tricks. Price 10 cents. No. 193-How to Play Basket Ball By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide. Contains full instruc- tions for players, both for the expert and the novice, duties of officials, and specially posed full page pictures showing the cor- rect and incorrect methods of playing. The demand for a book of this character is fully satisfied in this publica- tion, as many points are included which could not be incorporated in the annual publication of the Basket Ball Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents. No. 194-Racquets, Squash- Racquets and Court Tennis The need of an authoritative handbook at a popular price on these games is filled by this book. How to play each game is thoroughly explained, and all the difficult strokes shown by special photographs taken especially for this book. Contains the official rules for each game, with photographs of well known courts. Price 10 cents. No.l95-OfTicial Roque Guide The official publication of the National Roque Association of America. Edited by Prof. Charles Jacobus, ex-champion. Con- tains a description of the courts and their construction, diagrams of the field, illustra- tions, rules and valuable information con- cerning the game of roque. Price 10 cents. Spalding' s Athletic Library. No. 1 99-Equestrian Polo Guide Compiled by H. L. FitzPatrick of the New York Sun. Illustrated with portraits of leading players and contains most useful information for polo players in relation to playing the game, choosing of equipment and mounts; contains the official rules and handicaps of the National Association. Price 10 cents. No. 200-Dumb-Bells This is undoubtedly the best work on dumb-bells that has ever been offered. The author, Mr. G. Bojus, of New York City, was formerly superintendent of phy- sical culture in the EHzabeth (N.J.) public schools, instructor at Columbia University, instructor for four years at the Columbia summer school, and is now proprietor of the Park Place Gymnasium, at 14 Park Place. New York City. The book contains 200 photographs of all the various exercises, with the instructions in large, readable type. It should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, and is invaluable for home exercise as well. Price 10 cents. No. 201-Lacrosse-From Candidate to Team By William C. Schmeisser, captain Johns Hopkins University champion intercollegiate lacrosse team of 1902 ; edited by Ronald T. Abercrombie, ex- captain and coach of Johns Hopkins University lacrosse team, 1900-1904. Every position is thoroughly explained in a most simple and concise man- ner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illustrated with numerous snapshots of important plays. Price 10 cents. No. 202-How to Play Base Ball Edited by T. H. Murnane. New and re- vised edition. Contents: How to become a batter, by Napoleon Lajoie, James Collins, Hugh Jennings and Jesse Tannehill; how to run the bases, by Jack Doyle and Frank L. Chance; advice to base runners, by James E. Sullivan, Sec.-Treas. A.A.U.; how to become a good pitcher, hy Cy Young, "Rube" Waddell and Bert Cunningham; on curve pitching-, by Cy Young, James J. Callahan, Frank Donahue, Vic "Willis, William I)ineen and Charley Nichols: how to become a good catcher, by Eddie Phelps, William Sullivan and M. J. Kittridge; how to play first base, by Hugh Jennings; how to play second base, by Napoleon Lajoie and William •Gleason; how to play third base, by James Collins and Lave Cross; how to play shortstop, by Herman Long; how to play the infield, by Charles A. Comiskey; how to play the outfield, by Fred Clarke; the earmarks of a ball player, by John J. McGraw; good advice for players; how to organize a team; how to manage a team; how to score a game; how to umpire a game; base ball rules interpreted for boys. Price 10 cents. Spaldhig' s Athletic Library. No. 205-Ofncial Handbook of the Public Schools Ath- letic League This is the official handbook of the Public Schools Athletic League, which embraces all the public schools of Greater New York. It contains the official rules that govern all the contests of the league, and constitution, by-laws and officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical education in the New York public schools, and Wm. C. J. Kelly, secretary of the league. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 207-Bowling on the Green; or, Lawn Bowls How to construct a green ; necessary equip- ment; how to play the game, and the offi- cial rules as promulgated by the Scottish Bowling Association. Edited by Mr. James W. Greig. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 208-Physical Education and Hygiene This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see Nos. 142, 149, 166 and 185), and a glance at the contents will show the variety of subjects: Chapter I— Basic principles ; longevity. Chapter II— Hints on eating ; food values ; the uses of salt. Chapter III— Medicinal value of certain foods. Chapter IV— The efficacy of sugar; sugar, food for muscular work ; eating for strength and endurance ; fish as brain food ; food for the children. Chapter V— Digestibility ; bread ; appendicitis due to flour. Chapter VI— Hints on drinking— Water, milk, butter- milk, tea, coffee ; how to remain young. Chapter VII— Hints on bathing ; cold, hot, warm, tepid, salt, sun, air, Russian, Turkish, cabinet. Chapter VIII— Hints on breathing; breathlessness, heart strain, second wind, yawning, the art of yogi. Price 10 cents. No. 209-H0W to Be- come a Skater Contains advice for beginners; how to become a figure skater thoroughly explained, with many diagrams showing how to do all the different tricks of the best figure skaters, including the Mo- hawk, with all its variations; Q's, forward and backward, inside and outside; the crosscuts, including the difficult Swedish style; inside and outside spins; the grapevine, with its numerous branches, and many other styles, which will be comparatively simple to any one who follows the directions given. Profusely illustrated with pictures of prominent skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. Spalding s Athletic Library. No. 213-285 Health Answers Contents: Necessity for exercise in the summer; three rules for bicycHng; when going up-hill; sitting out on summer nights; ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a house; how to obtain pure air; bath- ing; salt water baths at home; a substi- tute for ice water; drinking ice water; to cure insomnia; asleep in two minutes; for those who ride wheels; summer outdoor exercise; profuse perspiration; danger of checking perspiration; dress, kot weather, etc., etc. Price 10 cents. No.2l4-Craded Calisthenics and Dumb-Bell Drills Bv Albert B. Wegener, Physical Director Y. M. C. A., Rochester. N. Y. Ever since graded apparatus work has been used in gymnastics, the necessity of having amass drill that would harmonize with it has been felt. For years it has been the established custom in most gymnasiums of memorizing a set drill, never varied from one year's end to the other. Consequently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the older member. With a view to giving uniformity the present treatise is attempted. Price 10 cents. No. 215-lndoor Base Ball America's national game is now vieingr with other indoor games as a winter pas- time. This book contains the playing rules, pictures of leading teams, and interesting articles on the game. Price 10 cents. No. 216-How to Become a Bowler By S. Karpf, Secretary of the Ameri- can Bowling Congress, and one of the best posted men on bowling in America. Con- tents: History of the sport; diagrams of effective deliveries; how to bowl; a few hints to beginners; American Bowling Congress; the national championships; howto build an alley; how to score; spares— how they ai-e made. Rules for cocked hat, cocked hat and fea- ther, quintet, battle game, nine up and nine down, head pin and four back, ten pins— head pin out, five back, the Newport game, ten pin head pin game, duckpin game, head pin game. New England candle pin game. Illustrated with portraits of all the prominent bowlers. Price 10 cents. No. 217— Olympic Handbook Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Chief Depart- ment Physical Culture, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and Director Olympic Games, 1904. Contains a complete report of the Olympic Games of 1904, with list of records and pictures of hundreds of athletes; also reports of the games of 1896 and 1900. Price 10 cents. ki Spaldhtg' s Athletic Library, No. 218-lce Hockey and Polo Ice and official rules. 10 cents. Written by the most famous plainer in Canada, A. Farrell, of the Shamrock hockey- team of MontreaL It contains a complete description of the game, its origin, points of a good player, and an instructive article on how game is played, with diagram^ Illustrated with pictures of leading teams. Price No. 219-Base Ball Percen- tage Book To supply a demand for a book which would show the percentage of clubs with- out recourse to the arduous work of figur- ing, the publishers of Spalding's Athletic Library have had Mr. John B. Foster, Sporting Editor of the New York Evening Telegram, compile a book which answers every requirement, and which has met with the greatest praise for its accuracy and simplicity. No follower of the game can afford to be without it. Price 10 cents. No. 220-Ofncial Base Ball Guide Edited by Henry Chad wick, the "Father of Base Ball," the official publication of base ball. It contains a complete record of all leagues in America, pictures of teams, official rules and reviews of the game. The standard base ball annual of the country. Price 10 cents. individual players. No. 221-Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual Contains official statistics, photographs of leading players, special articles on the game, review of important tournaments, official rules, handicapping rules and tab- les; list of fixtures for the current year and other valuable information. Price 10 cents. No. 222-Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Edited by Jerome Flannery. The most complete year book of the game that has ever been published in America. It con- tains all the records of the previous year, reports of special matches, official rules and pictures of all the leading teams and Price 10 cents. Spalding's Athletic Library. An Encyclopedia of Base Ball Attention is called to the following ten numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library, embracing the greatest collection of books of instruction for playing the various positions in the game that has ever been published. These books are entirely new and up-to-date, and contain the latest methods of play, as only last season's star players were consulted in their compilation. Each number is complete in itself and is profusely illus- trated. Be sure and ask for Spalding's Athletic Library. Price 10 cents for each book. For detailed description see following numbers: No. 223-How to Bat The most important part of ball playing nowadays, outside of pitching, is batting. The team that can bat and has some good pitchers can win base ball games ; there- fore, every boy and young man who has, of course, already learned to catch, should turn his attention to this department of the game, and there is no better way of becoming proficient than by reading this book and then constantly practising the little tricks explained therein. It is full of good advice to batsmen, and many good batters will be sur- prised to find contained in it so many points of which they were unaware. Edited by Jesse F. Matteson of the Chicago American, and profusely illustrated.. Price 10 cents. No. 224-How to Play the Outfield. Compiled especially for the young player who would become an expert. The best book on playing the outfield that has ever been published. There are just as many tricks to be learned, before a player can be a competent fielder, as there are in any other position on a nine, and this book explains them all. Illustrated with numerous page pictures of leading outfielders. Price 10 cents. No. 225-How to Play First Base No other position on a ball team has shown such a change for the better in recent years as first base. Modifications in line with the betterment of the sport in every department have been made at in ter- vals, but in no other department have they been so radical. No boy who plays the inicial sack can afford to overlook the points and hints contained in this book. Entirely new and up to date. Illustrated with full page pictures of all the promi- nent first basemen. Price 10 cents. No. 2^6-How to Play Second Base There are so few men who can cover second base to perfection that their names can easily be called off by anyone who fol- lows the game of base ball. Team owners who possess such players would not part with them for thousands of dollars. _ These men have been interviewed and their ideas incorporated in this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine '^K1^ ,.'f^X Spalding's Athletic Library, points of play at this point of the diamond. Illustrated with full pagfr pictures. Edited by J. E. Wray, sporting editor Globe-Democrat, St. Louis. Price 10 cents. No. 227-How to Play Third Base Third base is, in some respects, the most important of the infield. No major league team has ever won a pennant without a great third baseman. Collins of the Boston Americans and Leach of Pittsburg are two of the greatest third basemen the game has ever seen, and their teams owe much of the credit for pennants they have won to them. These men in this book describe just how they play the position. Everything a player should know is clearly set forth and any boy will surely increase his chances of success by a careful reading of this book. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 228-How to Play Short- stop Shortstop is one of the hardest positions on the infield to fill, and quick thought and quick action are necessary for a player who expects to make good as a shortstop. The views of every well known player who covers this position have been sought in compiling this book, and it is offered as being the most complete book of its class ever produced. The boy who would excel at short needs to study it thoroughly. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 229-How to Catch Undoubtedly the best book on catching that has yet been published. Every boy who has hopes of being a clever catcher should read how well known players cover their position. Among the more noted ones who describe their methods of play in this book are Lou Criger of the Boston Americans, Johnnie Kling of the Chicago Nationals and Jack O'Connor of the St. Louis Browns. The numerous pictures m_ the book comprise those of all the noted catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents. No. 230-How to Pitch ^ ^^,. . . . A new, up-to-date book. Published for the first time this year. No boy can afford to be without a copy of it. Edited by John B. Foster of the Evening Telegram (New York). The object of this book is to aid the beginners who aspire to become clever twirlers, and its contents are the practical teaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and who have had experience, both as members of the best clubs playing base ball and as contenders against teams that have enjoyed national reputations. Cy Young, the famous Boston American pitcher, whose steadiness in the box is proverbial, gives advice on control of the ball and tells what a boy should do to obtain it; Sam Leever of the Pittsburgs shows how to pitch the outcurve: William Dineen of the Boston Americans tells how to pitch an mshoot; Thomas Hughes gives hints on pitching the drop; Joe McGinnity, the iron man, of the New York Nationals, explains how he uses his successful raise ball and his famous "cross fire"; Christy Mathewson, the pride of the Spalding' s Athletic Library. New York Polo Grounds, discusses the body swing; Frank Hahn, who is left-handed, has something of interest to those who use that member; John J. McGraw, New York Giants' brilliant manager, discourses on the pitcher as a fielder, and as he started in his base ball career as a twirler, his advice has grounds for attention; Al Orth, the "curveless wonder," tells how to make a batter do what you want him to do; John Powell ex- plains how to act when runners are on bases; Charley Nichols, the former pitcher of the Boston Nationals and now manager of the St. Louis Na- tionals, describes the jump ball; Frank Sparks treats of change of pace, and Jack Chesbro, the star of the New York Americans' pitching corps, describes at length the "spit" ball, of which he is so famous an exponent. The book is profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 231-How to Coach; How to Captain a Team; How to Manage a Team; How to Umpire: How to Organize a League. A useful guide to all who are interested in the above subjects. Jimmy Collins, manager-captain of the Boston Americans, writes on coaching; M. J. Kelly of the St. Paul champions, on captaining; Al Buck- enberger of the Boston Nationals, on managing; Frank Dwyer of the American League staff, on umpiring; Fred Lake on minor leagues, and the editor of the book, T. H. Murnane, President of the Nev,' England League, on how to organize a league. Price 10 cents. No. 232-How to Run the Bases The importance of base running as a scientific feature of the national game is becoming more and more recognized each year. Besides being spectacular, feats of base stealing nearly always figure in the winning of a game. Many a close contest is decided on the winning of that little strip of 90 feet which lies between cushions. When hits are few and the enemy's pitchers steady, it becomes incumbent on the opposing team to get around the bases in some manner. Effective stealing not only increases the effective- ness of the team by advancing its runners without wasting hits, but it serves to materially disconcert the enemy and frequently has caused an entire opposing club to temporarily lose its poise and throw away the game. This book gives clear and concise directions for excelling as a base runner; tells when to run and when not to do so ; how and when to slide ; team work on the bases ; in fact, every point of the game is thoroughly ex- plained. In addition such clever men as Harry Bay, the fieet footed Clevelander; Frank Chance, Bill Dahlen and Hans Wagner describe their methods of action. Illustrated with pictures of leading players. Price 10 cents. _. _ . No. 233-Jiu Jitsu A complete description of this famous Japanese system of self-defence. Each move thoroughly explained and illustrated with numerous full page pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. Koyama, two of the most famous exponents of the Jiu Jitsu in America, who posed especially for this book. Be sure and ask for the Spalding Athletic Library book on Jiu Jitsu. Price' 10 cents. Spalding^ s Athletic Library. No. 234— School Tactics and Maze Running A series of drills for the use of schools. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Director of Physical Training in the New York public schools. Price 10 cents. No. 236-How to Wrestle Without question the most complete and up-to-date book on wrestling that has ever been printed. Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted principally to special poses and illustrations by Georges Hacken- schmidt, the "Russian Lion." It shows the champion in many poses, and also con- tains a special article on "Training," in which he gives good advice to beginners. The book also contains many full pages of poses by Geo. Bothner, Tom Jenkins and ether famous wrestlers. Besides showing accurately how to secure each hold and fall, the book also contains in- teresting articles on training, and the official rules for all styles of wrestling. Be sure to ask fci' the Spalding Athletic Library book " How to Wrestle. " Price 10 cents. No. 237 — Association Foot Ball A complete and up-to-date guide to the "Socker" game in the United States, con- taining instructions for playing the game, official rules, and interesting news from all parts of the country. Illustrated with numerous pictures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. No. 238— Muscle Building By Dr. L. H. Gulick, Director of Physical Training in the New York public schools. A complete treatise on the correct method of acquiring muscular strength. Illus- trated with numerous full page engrav- ings. Price 10 cents. Wo. 23 9-Offlcial Intercollegiate A. A. A. Handbook Contains constitution, by-laws, laws of {athletics, and rules to govern the award- ing of the championship cup of the In- jtercoUegiate Athletic Association of Amateur Athletes of America, the govern- ing body in college athletics. Contains official intercollegiate records from 1876 Ito 1904, with the winner's name and time in each event, list of points won by each college, and list of officers of the association from 1889 to 1904, inclusive. To anyone interested the book is invaluable as a record. Price 10 cents. Spalding' s Athletic Library. No. 240-Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new rules, with diagram of field; All- America teams as selected by leading au- thorities; reviews of the game from various sections of the country ; 1904 scores of all the leading teams ; records of special matches ; schedules for the season of 1905 ; forecast for the season, and pictures of all the prominent teams, embracing nearly 3,000 players. Price 10 cents. No. 241-OfTlcial Handbook of the A. A. U. of the United States The A. A. U. is the governing body of athletes in the United States of America, and all games must be held under its rules, which are exclusively published in this handbook, and a copy should be in the hands of every athlete and every club officer in America. This book contains the official rules for running, jumping, weight throwing, hurd- ling, pole vaulting, swimming, boxing, wrestling, etc., and is an encyclo- pedia in itself. Price 10 cents. No. 242~How to Play Foot Ball Edited by Walter Camp. The contents embrace everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad to learn. The pictures are made from snapshots of leading teams and individual players in action, with comments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. Official Basket Ball nual of the country. No. 243 Guide Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the revised official rules, decisions on dis- puted points, records of prominent teams, reports on the game from various parts of the country, and pictures of hundreds of players. The standard basket ball an- Price 10 cents. and revised rules of the game. No. 244-Golf Guide for 1905-6 Edited by Charles S. Cox. Contains re- cords of the important American golf events since their institution, reviews of important matches in 1904-5, short accounts of the state of the game in various parts of America, portraits of prominent players. Price 10 cents. Spalding's Athletic Library, No. 245-Official Y. M. C. A. Handbook Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well-known athletic authority. It contains the official rules governing all sports under the juris- diction of the Y. M. C. A., a complete report of the physical directors' confer- „ * ii,i , . ence, official Y. M. C. A. scoring tables pentathlon rules, many pictures of the leading Y. M. C A athletes of S^thTA^iTV-^^r"^^ Y- ^V^-,^-^*hl«t^« rules, constitution and by-kws ?ul?s!irS\^ed'^^^f?.^e^io^i^- ^^ "" ^^^^^^ ^"^°°^ *-*• -"^^ bJ No. 246-Athletic Training for Schoolboys This book is the most complete work of its kind yet attempted. The compiler is Geo. W. Orton, of the University of Penn- sylvania, a famous athlete himself and who is well qualified to give instructions „^n . . .to the beginner. Each event in the inter- o? Jrfl±oP''''^T"'^ ^^^t'-l^ff d of separately, both in regards to method of training and form. By following the directions given, the young ath- manv hlvP T.V^.^"^^^ ^™^^^^ ^^*^«"t ^^^ ^^^^^^ «f over^^orking. as S^twnfw?''''^i!^^°"^^'^"°'"''".^^' rendering themselves unfitted for their task when the day of competition arrived. Price 10 cents. No. 247-Conegiate Basket Ball Guide, The official publication of the new Col- legiate Basket Ball Organization. Con- tains the official rules, collegiate and high school records, all America selections, re- views of the collegiate basket ball season ^^■n . •, ^ ■,. ., of 1904-5, and pictures of all the prominent college teams, and Individual players. Edited by Harry A. Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cents. 0% No. 248— Archery. A new and up-to-date book on this fasci- nating pastime. Edited by Mr. Louis Max- son,of Washington.D.C.ex-National cham- pion. Contains a history of archery from its revival as a pastime in the eighteenth century, to the present time, with list of , . , winners and scores of the English Grand championships from 1844 ; National Archery Association of the United States winners and scores ; the several varieties of archery ; instructions for shooting ; how to select implements ; how to score ; and a great deal «f interesting information on the game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. OCT 17 1905, Spaldijig' s Athletic Library No. 250-0fricial Athletic Al- manac Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Chief Depart- ment Physical Culture, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and Director Olympic Games, 1904. The only annual publication now issued that contains a complete list of amateur best-on-records; complete inter- collegiate records; complete English records from 1866; swimming records; inter-scholastic records; Irish, Scotch and Australasian records; reports of teading athletic meets; skating records; important athletic events and numerous photos of individual athletes and leading athletic teams. Illustrated with pictures of the year's leading athletes. Price 10 cents. No. 251. Canadian Foot Bal! Guide Edited by Frank D. Woodworth, Secretary- Treasurer Ontario Rugby Foot Ball Union. The official book of the game in Canada, con- taining rules, list of officers, constitution, records and pictures of the leading organiza- tions. Price 10 cents. No. 252. How to Sprint By Arthur F. Duifey, holder of the world's record for 100 yards, 9 3-5 seconds. In this book Champion Duffey gives a com- plete and detailed account of how he trained for his races, and that his methods are correct is borne out by his wonderful performances in America, the British Isles, Australia and New Zealand. Every schoolboy who aspires to be a sprinter can studv this book to advantage and gain a great deal of useful knowl- edge. Illustrated from photographs posed by Champion Duffey, showmg correct and incorrect methods. Price 10 cents. New numbers are constantly being added on every subject of Athletic Sport. Spalding's Athletic Library is for sale by all athletic and sporting goods dealers, newsdealers and department stores. Hi LE Je '08 y Ui Hf..