Glass L Book ^Iia5 63d Congress) 3d Session ) SENATE (Do 1 > CUMENT No. 992 AUGUSTUS O. BACON (Late a Senator from Georgia) MEMORIAL ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES -U.S. SIXTY-THIRD CONGRESS THIRD SESSION /*3 Proceedings in the Senate December 17, 1914 Proceedings in the House February 21, 1915 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING /f~Zl*G'Li6e-ttt of tfvo ^(Vtitcb State* anb tfte wew&e^ of hio Qa&i+v&t, t&e Cftief ^notice a-nb flU;>octatc ^ju^tice* of the St^pt^-me Q-o-uz-t of tfvo ^H/Miteo State*, tfW 1>iptotuatic (Botp* (tJWovtcjfv t&e Secreta^ of State), the Sbmizai of tke 9lav^, t1Ye efvicf of Staff of tJW dz-m^, avi-b tfVe cHeaevi.t> a-nb Sec^etac^ of tfve SmitlV- >owiai^ eivt^tt-tu-tkHv, to atten-o t&e fu-n-ezat of tfW Biouurablr Augustus (§. Hanm, fate a Se-watot- from the State of (^cozaia, iw tft-e Se-H-ate Gfva'm&et, at 1 o'ofocIV p. ^m., *d-u-c*oa^f, cFe(Wua?Hi 17, 1914. £ltte>t : Sectetat.'u. [9] (§vhtr of Btrrtxtta at tlje 3fatt?ral of Augustus CD- Sarou, Hat* a Senator of Hjp Intttb &fat*s, from tljt &iate of Georgia. The Senate will meet at i o'clock p. m., Tuesday, February the seven- teenth, Nineteen Hundred and Fourteen. The body of the late Senator AUGUSTUS O. BACON will be placed in the Senate Chamber prior to the assembling of the Senate. The President of the United States and his Cabinet, the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, the Diplomatic Corps, the Members of the House of Representatives, the Admiral of the Navy, the Chief of Staff of the Army, and the Regents and Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution have been invited to attend the Services in the Chamber, and will occupy the seats on the floor of the Senate assigned them by the Sergeant at Arms. The President and his Cabinet will meet in the President's Room. The Supreme Court will meet in the Supreme Court Room. The Diplomatic Corps, the Admiral of the Navy, the Chief of Staff of the Army, and the Regents and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution will meet in the Senate Reception Room. The Committee of Arrangements will meet in the Marble Room. The Vice President's Room will be reserved for the members of the family of the late Senator and the officiating clergy, whence they will be escorted to seats on the Senate floor. Seats will be reserved for those entitled to them upon the floor, to which they will be shown by the attaches of the Senate. Upon the announcement of the Vice President of the United States, the Clergy will conduct the funeral ceremonies. All the Senate Galleries will be reserved for this occasion, admission being by special cards only. [10] Funeral in the Senate Chamber Tuesday, February 17, 191k. The Vice President called the Senate to order at 12 o'clock and 45 minutes p. m. and said : By unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of yesterday's proceedings will be dispensed with. The Senate will receive a message from the House of Repre- sentatives. A message from the House of Representatives, by J. C. South, its Chief Clerk, transmitted to the Senate resolu- tions of the House on the death of Hon. Augustus O. Bacon, late a Senator from the State of Georgia. The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had appointed Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Adamson, Mr. Hardwick, Mr. Bell of Georgia, Mr. Lee of Georgia, Mr. Edwards, Mr. Hughes of Georgia, Mr. Tribble, Mr. Howard, Mr. Crisp, Mr. Walker, Mr. Park, Mr. Ferris, Mr. Mann, Mr. Payne, Mr. Gardner, Mr. Anthony, Mr. Willis, Mr. Dyer, and Mr. Prouty as the committee on the part of the House to accompany the remains of the deceased Senator to the State of Georgia. The message further announced that the House ac- cepts the invitation of the Senate extended to the Speaker and the Members of the House of Representatives to attend in the Senate Chamber the funeral services of Hon. Augustus 0. Bacon, late a Senator of the United States from the State of Georgia. At 12 o'clock and 48 minutes p. m. the committee of arrangements of the two Houses entered the Chamber. At 12 o'clock and 50 minutes p. m. the Speaker and Members of the House of Representatives were an- [11] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon nounced. The Speaker was escorted to a seat on the left of the Vice President, and the Members of the House were shown to seats on the floor provided for them. The ambassadors of and ministers from foreign coun- tries, the Chief Justice of the United States, and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the members of the Cabinet of the President of the United States, the Chief of Staff of the Army, and the Regents and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution were announced, respectively, and shown to the seats assigned them. The members of the family of the late Senator were escorted to seats reserved for them. The Vice President. Senators, the hour has arrived at which, in accordance with the order of the Senate, the final ceremonies over the body of Augustus Octavius Bacon, late a Senator from Georgia and an unusually distinguished Member of this body, are to be observed. In conformity with custom and in token of our common faith, the Chaplain of the Senate will offer prayer to God the Father, God the Redeemer, and God the Comforter. Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., the Chaplain of the Senate, offered the following prayer : Almighty God, in the midst of the darkening shadows of life's great mystery we turn our faces toward Thee. Between the dark mount of sorrow and the bright moun- tain of prayer we would come where only the voice of God is heard. The heaven of heavens can not contain Thee, much less this house of our ambitions and dreams. We may not compass Thee with our thought of life, but we know by the instinct of love and the far-reaching grasp of faith that Thou has made us for an infinite purpose. It is not Thy will that we should perish utterly. Thou art the God of our fathers, and Thou art not the [12] Proceedings in the Senate God of the dead but of the living. Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting; our home is with Thee. Do Thou, we beseech Thee, speak unto us this day, that we may live. We bless Thee that Thou hast not left Thyself without a witness among men. Thy hand has been laid upon mighty men in church and state, and Thou hast thrust them out to guide us into the fuller life. We bless Thee for the life and work of this great man. We praise Thee that the hand of death was not laid upon him until he had spoken his message to the world and had sent forth the influence of a devoted life into the soul of our Nation. Endowed with a physical form which was animated by a presence full of the repose of self-mastery, confident through a rich and varied scholarship, inflexible by rea- son of a consecrated will, dominant with a purpose of lofty aim, he has faced and fulfilled the great demands of a faithful Senator. Sustained by a faith in the good- ness of Thy plan and inspired by a zeal for peace for the world, he has measured up to the standard of Christian leadership. But now, God, what issues lie back of a life like this? Thy call to-day is to living men. With the light breaking about us at the dawn of a new day we invoke Thy continued blessing. Still lay Thy hand upon mighty leaders among us. Bless those who have been called to places of authority and power among us. May their authority be justified by divine wisdom and their power sanctified by Thy grace. Make us a Christian Nation, with no other message than that of peace and good will among men. Come to all hearts that sorrow. With the tender touch of infinite sympathy and pity do Thou heal the broken hearted. Let the vision of that one far-off divine event cheer and sustain the weary pilgrim of the night. Hasten the day [13] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon of Thy coming. We wait upon Thee through the revela- tion of the Son of God, and even in this hour of sadness we may sound the paean of Christian victory, " But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory, through our Lord Jesus Christ." Unto Him be power, and glory, and dominion forever. Amen. Right Rev. Alfred Harding, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Washington, read portions of the burial service of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also recited the Apos- tle's Creed and the hymn beginning : Abide with me, fast falls the eventide; The darkness deepens; Lord, with me abide. Then followed appropriate collects from the Book of Common Prayer. The benediction was pronounced by the Chaplain of the Senate. The Vice President. Into the loving hands of the com- mittees of Congress and the officers of the Senate we con- sign the mortal body of our well-beloved Senator to be by them conveyed to his home in the State of Georgia, there to be deposited in its final resting place. May his labors in the cause of constitutional liberty long bless the Republic. The committee of arrangements, conducted by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, will escort the remains of the deceased Senator from the Chamber to the Union Station and from thence to the place of burial in the State of Georgia. The guests of the Senate will depart in the inverse order of their entrance. The invited guests having retired from the Chamber, Mr. Kern. Mr. President, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 1 o'clock and 32 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, February 18, 1914, at 12 o'clock meridian. [14] Friday, February 20, 19U. The Vice President. The Chair lays before the Senate a communication from the Counselor of the State Depart- ment, transmitting a translation of a note from the min- ister of Guatemala at Washington relative to the death of the late Senator Bacon. The communication and accompanying note will be printed in the Record and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. The communications are as follows: Department of State, Washington, February 19, 191k. The Hon. Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of the United States of America. Sir: I have the honor to inclose herewith a translation of a note from the minister of Guatemala at Washington, conveying to the department his Government's condolences and his own in connection with the death of the Hon. Augustus Octavius Bacon, chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate. I have the honor to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. B. Moore, Counselor. (For the Secretary of State.) [Translation] Legation of Guatemala, Washington, February 16, 191k. The most excellent Mr. William Jennings Bryan, Secretary of State of the United States of America. Mr. Secretary of State: With the deepest and most sincere sorrow I have heard the news of the death of the Hon. Augustus Octavius Bacon, Senator, chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, whose personality was given eminence by his attain- ments, sense of justice, and the great services rendered to his country in various lines, and particularly in the most important [15] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon branch in which his special learning always made him a real authority. I beg your excellency to accept the condolence which I have the honor to present to the American Government in behalf of my Government for such an irreparable loss, and I shall be grateful if, together with the expression of these sentiments, your excellency will deign also to accept those which I beg leave per- sonally to offer as a tribute to the memory of the honorable Senator Bacon, together with the deepest sympathy in the mis- fortune that has befallen us. I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to your excellency the assurances of my highest and most respectful consideration. Joaquin Mendez. The Vice President. The Chair lays before the Senate a letter from the minister of Peru, expressing condolence on the death of the late Senator Bacon, which will be printed in the Record and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. The letter is as follows: Peruvian Legation, Washington, D. C. Federico Alfonso Pezet, minister of Peru, expresses to the Vice President of the United States, and through him to the Senate of the United States, his most sincere condolence on the occa- sion of the sad demise of the Hon. Augustus 0. Bacon, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, and regrets that on account of his having been absent from the city he was unable to be present at the funeral services of the late Senator. February 19, 1914. Tuesday, February 24, 19U. The Vice President. The Chair lays before the Senate a note from the minister of Venezuela expressing regret at his inability to be present at the funeral services of the late Senator Bacon, which will be printed in the Record and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. [16] Proceedings in the Senate The letter is as follows : Legacion de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela, Washington, D. C. P. E. Rojas, minister from Venezuela, presents his respects to Mr. James M. Baker, Secretary of the Senate, and expresses his sincere regrets that, due to an indisposition in his health, he was unable to be present at the funeral services of the honorable Senator Augustus O. Bacon, distinguished chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. The minister from Venezuela begs to state that he presented his regrets verbally yesterday through the Chief Clerk of the Department of State. February 18, 1914. Friday, February 27, 191k. The Vice President. The Chair lays before the Senate a communication from the general secretary of the Cham- ber of Commerce of Macon, Ga., inclosing resolutions adopted by the board of directors of the chamber of commerce upon the death of the late Senator Bacon, which will be printed in the Record and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. The communication and accompanying resolutions are as follows: Chamber of Commerce, Macon, Ga., February 2b, 191k. Hon. Thomas Marshall, Vice President and President of the Senate, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: Inclosed please find set of resolutions passed by our board of directors of the chamber of commerce upon the death of our honorable citizen, Senator A. 0. Bacon. Yours, very truly, E. H. Hyman, General Secretary. 87634°— 15 2 [17] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Resolutions Whereas it hath pleased God in His infinite wisdom to take from us our honored citizen, Augustus 0. Bacon: Be it Resolved, That in his death the Nation has lost one of its most distinguished and faithful servants, the United States Senate one of its leading Members, the State of Georgia its first citizen, and the city of Macon a most loyal friend. Resolved, That the members of the chamber of commerce attend his funeral in a body, and that the citizens of Macon be requested to dispense with business during the funeral hour; and be it further Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family, a copy to the President of the United States, a copy to the Presi- dent of the Senate, and a copy be furnished to the Associated Press. Macon Chamber of Commerce, [seal.] W. E. Dunwody, President. Attest: E. H. Hyman, General Secretary. Monday, July 20, 191k. Mr. Smith of Georgia. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that on Tuesday, December 8, immediately after the routine morning business, I shall ask the Senate to consider resolutions in commemoration of the life, char- acter, and public services of my late colleague, Senator A. 0. Bacon. I have placed the time so far ahead at the request of Senators who desire to pay tribute to the life and distinguished services of our late colleague, and who wish this time to do so. Mr. Brandegee. Mr. President, there was so much con- fusion in the Chamber I could not hear the date suggested by the Senator from Georgia. Mr. Smith of Georgia. Tuesday, December 8. As I stated, there are Senators who can not be here this sum- mer who especially desire to take part in the exercises, and whom I know Senator Bacon would have been pleased to have had take part. [18] Proceedings in the Senate Monday, December 7, 191k. Mr. Smith of Georgia. Mr. President, during the last session of Congress I gave notice that on to-morrow I would bring to the attention of the Senate resolutions commemorative of the life and services of my late col- league, Hon. Augustus O. Bacon. As the message of the President will be delivered to-morrow and for other rea- sons I desire to change the time by postponing it until Thursday, December 17, immediately after the close of the morning business. Wednesday, December 17, 191k. Mr. Smith of Georgia. Mr. President, in pursuance of the notice heretofore given by me, I offer the resolutions which I send to the desk and ask for their adoption. The Vice President. The Senator from Georgia submits resolutions, which the Secretary will read. The resolutions (S. Res. 503) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Augustus Octavius Bacon, late a Senator from the State of Georgia. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these reso- lutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. The Vice President. Under the second resolution the Senate will proceed with the memorial services touching the character and high standing of the late Hon. Augustus 0. Bacon. [19] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Smith, of Georgia Mr. President: It is with consciousness of a great loss that I ask the Senate to consider the high character and distinguished public service of Augustus Octavius Bacon. To say that by his death the Senate lost one of its ablest and most experienced Members feebly expresses the truth. He came to the Senate splendidly prepared for the work. He was, when elected, a business man of unusual experience, an able lawyer, and a trained legislator and parliamentarian. He served in the Senate 19 years. During his service here he was tirelessly industrious; he realized that the entire business of the Nation, as well as the legislative hopes of the people, were covered by the measures con- sidered by the Congress, and that the smaller size of the Senate gave opportunity for each Senator to contribute toward perfecting each measure with no limitation other than his ability and his capacity for labor. Senator Bacon gave to the duties of the Senate all of his ability and all of his time. Service as a Senator was the thought and the joy of his life. Accurate and pains- taking by nature and by training, he brought to the service a devotion rarely equalled — never excelled. Senator Bacon was born October 20, 1839, in Bryan County, Ga., although the home of his parents was Liberty County. His ancestors upon one line were among the earliest settlers of Virginia. Upon another they were [21] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon with the colony of Puritans who settled in Dorchester, Mass., in 1630. Some of the latter removed to Georgia in 1753 and founded what was known as the Midway Colony, afterwards called Liberty County. On both lines his ancestors were soldiers and officers in the Revolu- tionary Army. His father died before his birth, and his mother died before he was a year old. His parents are buried in the cemetery of the Midway Church, and he was born in the atmosphere of this church. Liberty County, Ga., was the home of two signers of the Declaration of Independence, Lyman Hall and But- ton Gwinnett. Midway Church had among its pastors most distinguished men, among others Dr. J. S. K. Axson, grandfather of the wife of President Wilson, and Dr. Abiel Holmes, the father of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and the grandfather of Mr. Justice Holmes. The mother of Theodore Roosevelt, who was the grand- daughter of Gen. Daniel Stewart, was also a member of Midway Church. Midway Colony, or Liberty County, was the birthplace of John and Joseph Le Conte, the celebrated scientists. Before he was one year old Senator Bacon was adopted by his grandmother. Under her guardianship he was carefully trained and received a good elementary education. At the age of 16 he entered the University of Georgia. He graduated from the collegiate department in 1859, receiving the degree of bachelor of arts. The following year he received from the institution the de- gree of bachelor of laws, having been a member of the first law class graduated by that university. He was a trustee of the University of Georgia at the time of his death and had been a trustee for many years. Few of his attachments were stronger than that which tied him to the State university. The University of Georgia succes- sively conferred upon him the degree of bachelor of [22] Address of Mr. Smith, of Georgia arts, bachelor of laws, master of arts, and doctor of laws, the latter degree having been conferred in 1909. He selected Atlanta, Ga., as the place in which to begin the practice of his profession. Before the end of 12 months thereafter he joined the Confederate Army and was made adjutant of the Ninth Georgia Regiment, in which position he served in Vir- ginia during the campaigns of 1861 and 1862. He was afterwards commissioned as captain in the provisional army of the Confederate States and assigned to general staff duty. He was married on April 19 a 1864, to Miss Virginia Lamar, in Macon, Ga. At the close of the war he was mustered out of service with the rank of captain. He then renewed his legal studies and began practicing law in Macon, Ga. Senator Bacon combined as a lawyer to an unusual degree ability to present with power a client's case to judges or to juries. He added to his thorough knowl- edge of law capacity as a business man, thus rendering his service to his client of unusual value. His success at the bar was almost immediate, and so long as he gave himself to his profession he enjoyed a lucrative practice and a most distinguished position among his legal asso- ciates. For a number of years he was employed in practically every important case tried in middle Georgia, yet so great was his industry that in addition to his law practice and his legislative services he found time to prepare and publish in two volumes a digest of the supreme court decisions found in the first 40 volumes of the Georgia Reports, and so thoroughly and accurately did he do this work his volumes at once found space in the libraries of the lawyers of the State. In 1868, when Mr. Bacon was 28 years old, he was nominated by the State Democratic convention for presi- [23] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon dential elector. Two years afterwards he was elected a member of the Georgia House of Representatives. He was reelected to that body continuously for a period of 12 years, and was subsequently again elected for a term of 2 years. He was speaker pro tempore for 2 years and speaker for 8 years. In 1883 he was a candidate for the governorship of his State, and in the Democratic convention he lacked but one vote of receiving the nomi- nation, when a nomination would have assured his elec- tion. He was several times a member of the State Demo- cratic conventions of his State, was chairman of the con- vention in 1880, and was delegate from the State at large to the Democratic national convention at Chicago in 1884. In 1894 he was elected to the United States Senate by the Georgia Legislature. In 1900 he was nominated at a Democratic State primary for the Senate, and was after- wards unanimously elected to the Senate by the legis- lature, composed of Democrats, Republicans, and Popu- lists. In 1906 he was again indorsed in the State Demo- cratic primary, having no opposition, and was again unanimously elected to a third term in the Senate. He was the first Georgian to be elected to a third consecutive full term in the United States Senate. In 1912 he was again renominated in the State Democratic primary. Before the legislature met the amendment to the Consti- tution of the United States requiring the election of Sena- tors by the people had become effective. When the legis- lature met it promptly provided machinery for the elec- tion of a Senator by the people. An election was called and Senator Bacon had the distinction of being the first Member of the United States Senate elected by the people under the operation of the seventeenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States. At the time of his death he had served but one year of his fourth term as United States Senator. [24] Address of Mr. Smith, of Georgia Senator Bacon was physically strong and vigorous, the result of his simple and abstemious life and habits. He inherited a naturally strong mentality from his ancestors, and from his earliest youth until his death he assiduously cultivated and strengthened his natural mental powers. He was prepared for every line of work which came before the Senate, and, while he enjoyed it all, it is probably true that problems connected with our foreign relations were to him the most interesting. He was at the time of his death a member of the Committees on the Judiciary, Foreign Relations, Rules, Railroads, Private Land Claims, and Expenditures in the Post Office De- partment. He was a member of the Judiciary Committee for 17 years, of the Foreign Relations Committee for 15 years, and of the Committee on Rules for 13 years. For many years he had been ranking Democratic member on each of these committees, while his party was in the minority in the Senate, and upon the Demo- cratic reorganization of the Senate in March, 1913, he became chairman of the powerful Committee on For- eign Relations, for which he was so well fitted, and which position he preferred to any in the Senate. Though the Republicans were in the majority in the Senate and Judge Archbald was himself a Republican, Senator Bacon was unanimously chosen to preside over the Archbald court of impeachment — a splendid tribute to his ability and fairness. The hearing lasted continu- ously during several weeks, and there were 11 active lawyers representing the two sides, yet all of Senator Bacon's rulings at this trial were sustained. He considered punctuality in his attendance upon the sessions of the Senate as one of his highest duties. In a career of practically 19 years he was never absent a day from the Senate on account of either his personal busi- [25] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon ness or his pleasure. The few times that he was absent were due to providential causes solely. He had a deep concern for the proprieties of the Senate and held its traditions in high reverence. He was a vigilant guard and an able defender of the Constitution and was zealous in defending State rights. He was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution and took a deep interest in its affairs. As a speaker he was most effective on account of his clear statements and convincing logic. His studious habits had developed and strengthened his reasoning powers and gave him a wide command of language. He seldom delivered a set oration, but was always ready to discuss and did discuss the varied subjects which came before the Senate, such as constitutional questions, treaties, foreign relations generally, the tariff, currency, railroad rates, the Panama Canal, representative govern- ment, the Philippines, Cuban independence, the relations between Congress and the executive departments, State rights, the election of Senators by direct vote of the peo- ple, education, and agriculture. In fact, he discussed practically every important subject that came before Congress during his service of about 19 years. He was especially strong in debate on constitutional questions and matters of foreign relations. One of his most notable efforts was in opposition to the acquisition of the Philippines. He introduced a resolu- tion " declaring the purpose of the United States not permanently to retain the islands, but to give the people thereof their liberty." In this connection he delivered a speech that aroused deep interest in the Senate and widely commanded the attention of the public not only in this country but abroad. The vote on the resolution was a tie, and it was defeated by the vote of the Vice President — the first occasion in many years where there [26] Address of Mr. Smith, of Georgia had been a tie vote in the Senate upon any question and upon which a Vice President had voted. Senators were much impressed with the strength of his argument on the "Relations between Congress and the executive departments"; that is, the power of the Senate to call for information from executive departments. A debate between Senator Bacon and Senator Spooner, of Wisconsin, on the constitutional power of the President and the Senate in making treaties was of unusual interest and attracted widespread attention. Referring to this debate, the Hartford (Conn.) Courant editorially com- mented as follows : Take down an old volume of the Congressional Globe and read one of the debates on foreign affairs in which Lewis Cass and John M. Clayton were pitted against each other — for instance, the debate (famous in its time) on the merits of the Clayton- Bulwer treaty. Then take Monday's Congressional Record and read the report therein of the debate between Mr. Bacon, of Georgia, and Mr. Spooner, of Wisconsin, on the constitutional powers of the President and of the Senate in treaty making. It would be scant praise to say that the Bacon-Spooner debate is the more readable of the two. For intellectual vigor, grip of the matter in hand, compactness, and the lucidity of statement, brisk alertness in the give and take of dialetic fence, and last, but not least, good English, the Bacon-Spooner debate is the abler of the two. Daniel Webster would have listened to every word of it attentively, with keen interest and pleasure; Calhoun and Clay also. No Senator took a more active part in debate than Sen- ator Bacon when the Dingley tariff bill was before the Senate, and later, in 1909, when the Payne-Aldrich tariff bill was under discussion. He made strong arguments in favor of material reduction of duties on all articles of universal and necessary use— embracing the whole range of things essential to the comfort, health, and convenience of the people. [27] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Two speeches by the Senator on the amendment to the Constitution providing that Senators be elected by the direct vote of the people were powerful appeals in behalf of the rights of the States and the preservation of white supremacy. While considering our foreign relations he was ever zealous to maintain the rights of his own country, while he was at the same time broad and brave enough to be just to other countries. The following resolution of sym- pathy was adopted by the Assembly of the Department of Santander, Colombia, on the Senator's death: Interpreting the patriotic sentiments of the worthy people whom it represents, and considering the expression of its sym- pathy and appreciation as an act of justice to those who have labored or labor for the supreme rights of the country and human- ity, it deeply regrets the death of Senator Bacon, who placed his highest abilities at the service of Colombia and the weak nations, battling for her in the Congress of his country in connection with events that took place in Panama. Senator Bacon died in Washington during the last ses- sion of the Senate. Funeral services were conducted in this Hall. When his body reached Georgia it was placed in the capitol. Public officials and the people of the State did honor to his memory. His body was carried to Macon, where he had so long lived, and was followed to the beau- tiful cemetery upon the banks of the Ocmulgee by his wife, his surviving daughter, his grandchildren, and throngs of friends. The Legislature of Georgia at its session last summer passed a bill proposing an amendment to the constitu- tion to create a new county to be called Bacon in honor of Senator Bacon, and on November 3 of this year the people of the State, at a general election, overwhelmingly ratified the amendment. It was a distinct tribute to him [28] Address of Mr. Smith, of Georgia that the county should have been created in his honor so soon after his death. Senator Bacon was splendidly equipped for service in this body. With a lofty sense of the responsibility rest- ing upon a Senator, he discharged all the duties of the office. He was a great Senator in the broadest meaning of the word. He is missed by his colleagues. His place will be difficult to fill. [29] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts Mr. President : One of the severest penalties of advanc- ing years is found in the loss of old friends, of those with whom, we have lived, which accompanies the passing of the, Daughters of Time, the hypocritic days. That these words which I have just spoken are both a commonplace and a truism only adds to their sadness. But the inevitable partings with friends brought by the gathering years are accentuated when the separation occurs between those engaged in a common labor or service. At every turn of the well-trodden path we look in vain for a familiar figure, and each incident of the day's work whispers that there is a vacant space by our side which never again can be filled. The oncoming ranks press forward, but they are not the same, and the gap made in the lives of those who survive does not close. These thoughts come very keenly home to me when I speak of the death of Senator Bacon. For 18 years we served here together in the Senate. For 15 years we sat facing each other as members of the Committee on For- eign Relations, where association is close and constant, and where political divisions rarely enter. I saw much of him also outside the Capitol, and I met him more than once in Europe, for he traveled wisely and widely when Congress was not in session. Thus I came to know him well. In this way he grew to be a part of my daily life. We belonged to different political parties; we had been bred in widely different schools of political thought; [30] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts on questions involving party principles we were always opposed. Outside of party politics there were many matters, many aspects of life and of the conduct of life, upon which we agreed and sympathized. We had, as was inevitable, frequent clashes in debate, but nothing ever affected our personal friendship, which became con- stantly closer and more affectionate with the passing of the years. I think, therefore, that I knew Senator Bacon well and felt for him such affection that I can speak of him with both knowledge and justice. He came to the Senate with a high reputation as a lawyer, as a public man of large experience in his own State, and as a master of parlia- mentary rules and practice, derived from his service as speaker in the Georgia Legislature. He at once took a position in the Senate such as is rarely accorded to a new Member, and in a very short time was recognized not only as a leader on his own side but as a leader in the Senate. This was due not merely or chiefly to his ability or to his industry, or to his constant and unwearying attendance at the daily sessions and his watchfulness in regard to legislation, but to the fact that from the day he took the oath of office he was with all his strength and all his mind a Senator of the United States in the largest and highest sense. He felt a great pride in the Senate as a body. He was sensitive as to its rights and jealous of its constitu- tional prerogatives. He was not ready to suffer any detri- ment to come to either. It is owing to Senators like Sena- tor Bacon that the Senate has held throughout our his- tory the place and power in our Government which belong to it, and when Senators become indifferent to the posi- tion of the body to which they belong all the power and influence so long possessed by the Senate in our Govern- ment will fade away. [31] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Senator Bacon took an especial interest in all legal questions and in all questions affecting our foreign rela- tions, upon which, owing to his large experience and his familiarity with other countries, both through reading and travel, he was peculiarly qualified to speak with authority. We all recognize the loss caused by the death of Sena- tor Bacon to the public service of the country, to his State, and, above all, to the Senate. But the feeling that is uppermost in the hearts of those who served with him here for so many years is one of personal sorrow. He was a true and loyal friend when his friendship had once been given. He was a thorough gentleman, as incapable of a mean or low action as he was incapable, even in the asperities of heated debate, of mean insinuation or of a low personal fling at an opponent. He was kindly and affectionate always. More sorrows had fallen to his lot than is the usual portion of all who live out the term of years allotted by the Psalmist, but he faced his griefs and trials with a manly, cheerful courage, very pathetic to those who knew him well. Honored and mourned by his State and by the Nation, he leaves to us a gracious, happy memory of one who was an affectionate friend and an able and faithful servant of his country. There is abundant cause here for both public and pri- vate sorrow. There is no place for lamentation. Senator Bacon died full of years and honors, to use our consecrated phrase. In war and peace he had tasted of the great emo- tions which make life worth living. He had lived the life of his time, and he died in service, as he would have wished to die. Think how much that meant to him, how much it means to us. The waiting in helpless idleness for the inevitable close of all things earthly, the weary hours of the sick room, the " set, gray life and apathetic [32] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts end," all these were spared to him. It is better to wear out than — * * to hang Quite out of fashion, like a rusty mail, In monumental mockery. To him, most fortunate, it was given to say, as it is permitted to so few to say when the years have gathered thick in serried ranks behind them : Blow, wind! come, wrack! At least we'll die with harness on our back. 87634°— 15 3 [33] Address of Mr. Stone, of Missouri Mr. President : Death is so full of solemn mystery that I am prone to stand silent in its presence. Before the specter of death even thought itself is hesitant, and like unto a tired bird would fold its wings; and speech, how- ever phrased, falls upon my ear like a note sounded from a chord out of tune. My speech, therefore, shall be characterized by brevity. On Sunday last I attended the funeral services held in the Hall of the House in memory of Representative Payne, of New York. To-day we are assembled in the Senate Chamber to pay tribute to Senator Bacon, of Georgia. Both were among the most conspicuous and potential American public men of our day. They lived and wrought in the same period, and largely in the same arena. Death came to them in the same way, and not many moons apart. Their lives, distinguished by many important and useful services to their country and man- kind, were snuffed out, almost without warning, as sud- denly and quickly as a flash, which for a moment lights some far-off summer cloud, sinks into darkness and dis- appears. Oh, the mighty mystery of it, and with what reveren- tial awe the human mind contemplates this swift transi- tion from life to death ! And yet full well we know that after all and at best a single life is but a speck on the unfolding scroll of time, and but little more than that on the record of human experiences and history. This is as well true of those we call great as of those the least known. The span of life is so little — so insignificant — that it can hardly be counted as a separate space in the [34] Address of Mr. Stone, of Missouri endless course of time. In truth, those accounted great — those who escape oblivion — come and go like all their kind of whatever degree, and the time comes in after years when the world no longer remembers the real great man as he was, as his contemporaries knew him, but remembers only his deeds, and remembers his deeds, if at all, only because of their influence and effect on the progress of the world and the fortunes of the human race. This thought, Mr. President, that in time one will be remembered only for his deeds, should be a high and noble inspiration to every man to so live and strive that the sum of his life work may exert some influence for good upon the everlasting struggle of mankind for better things. Augustus 0. Bacon was full to the brim with this in- spiration. I shall not here trace the history of his career. That can be better done by the Senators from his own State, so long and intimately associated with him in pri- vate and in public life, or perhaps by some other friend who may care to speak with greater particularity. For me it is sufficient to speak in simpler vein — sufficient merely to avow my firm belief in his splendid courage and superb integrity. His ideals were high; his regard for any service he undertook was scrupulous; his devo- tion to duty was passionate and unflagging; his patriot- ism, wrought into his very life, flamed like a torch whose light fell upon his whole country and all its people. He loved books and music; he was traveler and scholar; he was soldier and statesman; he was a Christian and a gentleman. What more need be said? What more, in- deed, can be said " to give the world assurance of a man"? He will be sadly missed from our council and in our labors; and especially in this time of tremendous inter- national stress, when we stand in ever-increasing need of [35] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon learning, sagacity, and guidance, are we keenly conscious of our loss. But so it is, and it boots naught to lament. His life was well rounded, and more nearly reached the full limit of its possibilities than fate or fortune allows to most men. If, unlike Cardinal Wolsey, he did not sound all the depths and shoals of fame, he did sound many of them without wreck; and if he did not scale the highest peak, he did climb some of the loftiest without falling. Maybe it is better for him as it is. His work — constructive, upbuilding, and beneficent — has left an in- fluence for good which will make his name a precious memory. His stalwart form is crumbling into dust, but his spirit, his soul, has entered upon new and nobler activities in a higher and infinitely better sphere. How do I know? Only because I still believe in the enternal Triune God my mother told me about as I knelt at her knees — that sweet and sacred altar of my childhood faith. [36] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota Mr. President: When Senator Bacon passed away to his final rest on the 14th of February, 1914, in the seventy- fifth year of his age and in the maturity of his power, the Senate lost in him one of its strongest, ablest, and most efficient Members, one to whom we could always look for valuable advice, information, and instruction. Gifted by nature with a vigorous intellect, which he developed and fortified by a broad and liberal education, he was well equipped in his youth for the active and strenuous duties of life. What happened to so many young and promising men, North and South, on the eve of the great struggle which began in 1861 happened to him. Though educated and trained for the pursuits of peace, yet his first active and pronounced work was that of war, that of an officer in the Confederate Army, in which he proved himself an able, courageous, and efficient officer, faithful to the end to the cause which he had espoused. In 1861, from the heights back of Arlington, in his Confederate uniform, he beheld the dome of that Capitol which he entered as a United States Senator in 1895. The war had exhausted and impoverished the South and the problem of reconstruction retarded to some extent the work of recuperation. It was not altogether an easy task for the returning soldiers of the North to resume the avocations of peace, and it must have been much harder and much more trying and difficult for the soldiers of the South. The former returned to a prosperous country, while the latter returned to a country where stagnation and pa- ralysis, as a result of the war, prevailed. It was under such circumstances and conditions that Senator Bacon [37] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon embarked in the practice of law in 1866, the year follow- ing the close of the war, and in the period of reconstruc- tion. While by intellect and training a thorough, able, and most conscientious lawyer, I can readily conceive that under the circumstances he found it at first uphill and not very remunerative work; but his ability and persist- ency in due time, as the country gradually recuperated, met with its reward, and he soon became one of the lead- ers of the bar in his State. As a lawyer he was pains- taking, thorough, and honest. He was not a mere case lawyer, but one who was versed and well grounded in the fundamental principles of jurisprudence. He was a close student of our constitutional law, and believed in adhering to its fundamental principles, its checks and balances. He was of a conservative temperament and trend of mind, and hence his opinion on great constitu- tional questions was deliberately formed and of great value. After having firmly established himself as a lawyer and becoming well known for his proficiency and skill in that calling, at the instance of his people he entered the politi- cal arena of his State as a member of its legislature in -the lower house, where he served for 14 years in all, 8 years of that time as speaker and 2 years as speaker pro tempore. As a legislator he was safe, sound, and moderately con- servative, with a talent for constructive and remedial legislation. As a presiding officer he was patient, fair, and impartial, aiming to keep the deliberations of the body over which he presided within the pale of parlia- mentary law. In the legislature he was looked up to as a guide and leader whom it was safe and best to follow. He was no truculent timeserver nor weather-vane gazer. He stood for what he believed was just, right, and for the public welfare. [38] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota The people of Georgia approved of his course and his work, and as a token of their approval in the fall of 1894 elected him to the United States Senate for the term com- mencing March 4, 1895. He was thrice reelected, and passed away in the first year of his last term. He was the first Senator elected by a popular vote of the people under the recent constitutional amendment. Few if any have ever entered this body better equipped for the great work entailed on its Members, who are not only acting as legislators but as advisers of the President in the matter of our diplomatic affairs and in connection with appointment to office. He was assigned, among other assignments, to the important Committees of Judiciary and Foreign Relations, and in the great work of these committees he took a prominent and leading part. In the proceedings on the floor of the Senate he took a leading and pronounced part from the very beginning. He was nearly always in his seat, vigilant and watchful. Nothing escaped his attention. Though not an orator in the common acceptation of the term, it can be truly said that he was a first-class and ready debater, thorough and exhaustive, ready to take and give blows. But he was always fair, honorable, and manly. There was noth- ing rough or rude in his behavior to an antagonist. He was always the thorough gentleman, true to his cause, his training, and his environment. To me he always ap- peared in public and in private as a connecting link between the old and the new South. In his attitude and demeanor he seemed to me like one of the gentry of the old South infused with the progressive spirit and aspira- tions of the new South. Faithful to his past and the past of his country, he was nevertheless truly alive to the great future of our country and ready to give it a helping hand, both North and South. [39] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon All of us who served in the great Civil War had much to learn and unlearn of each other; and we came out of that strenuous and drastic school wiser and better Ameri- cans and with more charity and good will for each other, and we all came to ultimately realize, as the wounds of the war were healed, that the God of battle had, after all, conferred a great blessing upon us in making us again a reunited country, stronger, more vigorous, and more progressive than ever. Our friend, the deceased Senator, died as zealous in the welfare of our common country as any who were opposed to him in the great struggle. When at the beginning of this Congress the Democrats attained the ascendancy in this body, Senator Bacon was at the head of his party upon the Committees on Judi- ciary and Foreign Relations, and he had the option of taking the chairmanship of either of these committees. He selected that of Foreign Relations, and it seemed to me that he chose wisely. While he would have made a most excellent chairman of the Judiciary Committee, yet his tastes, his aspirations, and, above all, his studies led him in the direction of our foreign affairs. He had to my knowledge, after entering the Senate, been a close student of international law and of our diplomatic relations, and as a consequence was in a high degree qualified for the chairmanship of this important committee. And it was his ambition to take a leading part in the adjustment of our foreign affairs and diplo- matic relations, and I feel sure that had his life been spared he would have been most helpful to the adminis- tration of his party in guiding it in its relations with foreign nations. I remember very well when, during the first session of this Congress, there was a disposition in certain quarters to have our country resort to armed intervention in the affairs of Mexico, how he frowned upon such a course, [40] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota and how anxious he was to avoid everything that savored of war. It seems sad, and it must have seemed sad to him, in his last conscious moments, to be cut off by death at the very threshold of the new duties and great work he had assumed. Death, however, is no respecter of human wishes and human aspirations. The summons comes oftentimes when we least expect it and when we are reluctant to go, but we are, on the whole, safe in assuming that the dispensations of an All-Wise Provi- dence are for the best, and in saying "Even so, Father, for so it seemeth good in Thy sight." Fifty-four Senators, who were Members of this body when Senator Bacon first entered, have since passed away, and 44 Senators and one Vice President have since that time died while in the public service. I append a list of these latter to my remarks. It is a most notable roll of the men who have been our guides and leaders during this generation. Next to the last on this roll is our departed associate, to whom we pay our tribute on this occasion. He has left us, but the example he gave and the results of the work he wrought abides as an instructive and hope-engendering lesson for us and for our posterity. List of United States Senators who have died while in the United States Senate from the Fifty-fourth Congress, inclusive, to the present time. Joseph H. Earle, South Carolina, May 20, 1897. Isham G. Harris, Tennessee, July 8, 1897. James Z. George, Mississippi, August 14, 1897. Edward C. Walthall, Mississippi, April 21, 1898. Justin S. Morrill, Vermont, December 28, 1898. Monroe L. Hayward, Nebraska, December 5, 1899 (never attended). John H. Gear, Iowa, July 14, 1900. Cushman K. Davis, Minnesota, November 27, 1900. [41] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon James H. Kyle, South Dakota, July 1, 1901. William J. Sewell, New Jersey, December 27, 1901. James McMillan, Michigan, August 10, 1902. Marcus A. Hanna, Ohio, February 15, 1904. Matthew S. Quay, Pennsylvania, May 28, 1904. George F. Hoar, Massachusetts, September 30, 1904. William B. Bate, Tennessee, March 9, 1905. Orville H. Piatt, Connecticut, April 21, 1905. John H. Mitchell, Oregon, December 8, 1905. Arthur P. Gorman, Maryland, June 4, 1906. Bussell A. Alger, Michigan, January 24, 1907. John T. Morgan, Alabama, June 11, 1907. Edmund W. Pettus, Alabama, July 27, 1907. Stephen B. Mallory, Florida, December 23, 1907. Asbury C. Latimer, South Carolina, February 20, 1908. Bedfield Proctor, Vermont, March 4, 1908. William Pinkney Whyte, Maryland, March 17, 1908. William James Bryan, Florida, March 22, 1908. William Boyd Allison, Iowa, August 4, 1908. Martin N. Johnson, North Dakota, October 21, 1909. Anselm J. McLaurin, Mississippi, December 22, 1909. Samuel Douglas McEnery, Louisiana, June 28, 1910. John Warwick Daniel, Virginia, June 29, 1910. Jonathan P. Dolliver, Iowa, October 15, 1910. Alexander Stephen Clay, Georgia, November 13, 1910. Stephen B. Elkins, West Virginia, January 4, 1911. Charles A. Hughes, jr., Colorado, January 11, 1911. William P. Frye, Maine, August 8, 1911. Bobert L. Taylor, Tennessee, March 31, 1912. George S. Nixon, Nevada, June 5, 1912. Weldon B. Heyburn, Idaho, October 17, 1912. James S. Sherman (Vice President), New York, October 30, 1912. Isidor Bayner, Maryland, November 25, 1912. Jeff Davis, Arkansas, January 3, 1913. Joseph F. Johnston, Alabama, August 8, 1913. Augustus 0. Bacon, Georgia, February 14, 1914. William 0. Bradley, Kentucky, May 23, 1914. [42] Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina Mr. President: Senator Bacon died while the Senate was in session. When it was suddenly announced in the Senate that Senator Bacon was dead it was a great shock to all. A solemn stillness pervaded this Chamber. Sor- row was depicted upon every face and all realized that a great man had fallen, one whose place would be very hard to fill, and the State of Georgia and the country had lost a great leader. Now, when we have stopped the wheels of legislation and have set apart this hour to pay honor to his memory, to pay to him the last tribute we can ever pay in this world, I, as his friend, desire to add my simple tribute to his memory. I admired him for his ability. I held him in high esteem for his character and his services to his country. I ad- mired him for his statesmanship and devotion to duty. I esteemed him for his friendship. When I came to the Senate 12 years ago he had served his State here for 8 years, and his reputation then had been established as one of the leaders of the Senate. I confess that at first my estimate of him, from a personal standpoint, was shattered. I have noticed since that time that with the new Senators at first he was not popular. He appeared unapproachable and unsympathetic, but to the older Senators who knew him this was not so. His paternal ancestors were Puritans, having first settled in Massachusetts in 1630. Upon this stock was grafted the cavalier, his maternal ancestors having settled in Virginia. Thus he had combined in him the dignity, austerity, cold, irresponsive, and retiring manners of the [43] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Puritan with the courage, gentleness, open, frank, posi- tive, and refined qualities of the cavalier. It was not long before my first impression was dis- pelled and that better and lovable side came out most vividly. Those who came in close touch with him not only admired but were personally fond of him. All re- spected him and esteemed him for his ability as a lawyer, a debater, and a constructive statesman. Few States since the foundation of the Government have been more ably represented upon this floor than the great State of Georgia, but she has never been repre- sented by a more useful Senator than Senator Bacon. He was not equal in ability to Robert Toombs; he did not have the logic and was not possessed of the great rea- soning faculty and statesmanship of Alexander Stephens; he was not as great and eloquent a debater as Ben Hill; but he was a splendid debater, logical and at times elo- quent. He was an able lawyer, superior to either one of these great Senators as a parliamentarian, and was more diligent and untiring in his work upon committees. If all of these had been Members of this Senate at the same time Augustus O. Bacon would not have suffered by comparison. In any parliamentary body on earth he would have been recognized as a leader among leaders. He was not a colossal figure in the public eye. He was by no means commonplace, and no one would place him in the mediocre class. No Member of this Senate was more regular in his attendance upon the meetings of committees and the sessions of the Senate. He was rarely absent from his seat and took part in all of the great debates. As a member of the Judiciary Committee and the Committee on Foreign Relations he was always ready to debate any great questions affecting the Constitution and inform the Senate upon any delicate questions affecting our foreign [44] Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina relations. He always enlightened the Senate upon these great questions whenever he spoke. His familiarity with the rules of the Senate and parliamentary law was re- markable, and he was the recognized authority on these questions. He was far from being a demagogue or the hypocrite. He was a manly man, always open, frank, and brave. He always stood up to be counted, and with courage always asserted his convictions with such force, frankness, and purity of purpose that he won the respect of those who differed with him in forensic contests. Here he ranked as one of the leaders of his party. He was so recognized, and justly so. His name is connected with much of the important legislation which for the last 20 years has passed this body and been enacted into law. For 40 years he served his State faithfully, loyally, and with warm devotion to her interests. At the first call of his State for troops he volunteered to battle for her rights, and for four long years through the cruel and bloody war he rendered devoted and faithful service, first as adjutant of the Ninth Georgia Regiment and then as captain upon staff duty under Gens. Henry R. Jackson, Imboden, and Mackall. After the war he returned to his State, read law, and soon rose to the first rank among the great lawyers of that State. His oratorical talents and interest in public matters soon led him into the po- litical arena. He served as presidential elector, and was elected 12 successive years as a member of the legisla- ture and for 8 years was speaker of the house of repre- sentatives, in which position he served with honor and dignity. Many other positions of honor were conferred upon him by his party. He was considered one of the most aggressive and stalwart leaders in his State, and, recognizing his leadership and ability, his State elected him in 1894 to the United States Senate. Four times he [45] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon was returned to this body, practically without opposition. The last time — in 1913 — he was elected by a direct vote of the people under the seventeenth amendment to the Constitution. In this election he had the marked distinc- tion of being the first Georgian elected for four successive terms and also the first Senator in the country elected by the people. While he was not what might be called the idol of his people, they felt proud of him. Proud of the great record he made in the Senate and the honor he brought to the State. They believed in him as an honest, incorruptible man; as one who had served his State faithfully, loyally, and with untiring energy; and they were glad to confer upon him these unprecedented honors. Senator Bacon was of a sanguine temperament. His high hopes and purposes were the result of his moral instincts and his intellectual convictions. Those who knew him best knew that he was full of sentiment. He was a deep lover of nature. He was fond of poetry and song. He loved the sunshine, the birds and flowers, the trees and running brooks. He was accustomed to take long walks and ramble through the woods in Rock Creek Park to commune with nature. Though he never paraded it, Senator Bacon was a wor- shipful man, full of reverence. He had an abiding faith in the immortality of the soul, and was a firm believer in the beautiful land of rest in the great beyond. These things he rarely spoke of, but in his last will, with his own pen, he had no hesitation in telling to his family and the world of his abiding faith, the evidence of things unseen, the substance of things hoped for. He that believeth in Me, though he were dead, yet shall he live; and whosoever liveth and believeth in Me shall never die. [46] Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina With him " life's fitful fever is over." It was permitted to him to live out his three score years and ten. He has crossed over the river and rests under the shade of the trees where separation, sorrow, sighing, and injustice shall be no more. [47] Address of Mr. O' Gorman, of New York Mr. President: A great man has gone from among us, full of years, of good works, and of deserved honors. When the Senate loses one who for years has been among the most conspicuous and distinguished of its Members we but perform a solemn duty in placing upon the immutable records an expression of the Nation's grief and of our own sense of loss and bereavement. Augustus Octavius Bacon was not only an able and exceptionally useful Senator, but he was a distinct force in the life of his State and of the Nation, a strong cham- pion of those broad principles and high ideals which he consistently advocated during his long career in public life. His was an attractive personality, and as he walked among his fellow men he commanded a place of leader- ship and distinction which his colleagues readily accorded to him. Firm in his convictions and courageous in giving them expression, he was an opponent to be respected and a friend to be cherished. In all respects he was a high type of American citizen, a title which he greatly prized and upon which he reflected credit and honor. He was elected to the United States Senate in November, 1894, and through the grateful appreciation of his native State served continuously as a Member of the Senate until February 14 of the present year, when, after many years of well-earned honors and rewards, his career came to a close. Senators are familiar with his long record of service in this body, and in this presence I need not dwell upon the important part he took in our deliberations in committee and on the floor of the Senate. He brought to the dis- [48] Address of Mr. O'Gorman, of New York charge of his public duties rare natural gifts and talents, ripened by years of experience in the law and in State and National legislation. He was a man of scholarly tastes, profound erudition, and wide knowledge of the world. His mind was unprejudiced, vigorous, and com- prehensive. In debate he was forceful and illuminating. His death took from the Senate one of its most experi- enced and efficient Members and deprived us of an in- structive and companionable associate. Those who had the privilege of knowing Senator Bacon can not withhold the expression of affectionate admira- tion for his pure and distinguished patriotism, his exem- plary life, his unsullied career. A survey of the accom- plishments of the Senate during the past 18 years must evoke grateful remembrance of his sturdy, earnest, and zealous devotion to the service of his country. His fine dignity and unyielding respect for the great traditions of the Senate stamped him as a representative of that honorable old school of statesmanship which has con- tributed so much to the pride and glory of the Republic. Most men of note live through but one career and win fame in one line of endeavor, along one road of duty and ambition, in a continuous and harmonious environment. It was the fate of Senator Bacon to do more; he ran the whole gamut of those emotions and affections which have stirred the American people during the past 60 years. Having lived during the trying days of his youth as a loyal son of the South, the trials and conflicts through which he passed seem to have enriched his patriotism, and the early love which he bore for the Southland was but the budding of that deep and affectionate loyalty to the Republic which made him love each cherished spot where floats the Stars and Stripes. Out of the flames of the sectional conflicts of his youth came a national devotion of patriotic intensity. He loved his country and gave his 87634°— 15 i [49] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon life to her service. He was a thoroughly sincere man, who had nothing but public purpose to inspire him. Senator Bacon grew old forcefully as well as gracefully, giving to the country the full and generous benefit of his ripened experience and mature judgment. Georgia has played a noble and brilliant part in the battle of American progress. Her distinguished men have added much to the inspiring history of our national advancement, and among the most valued of her contri- butions to the general welfare were the career and public services of her illustrious son, to whose memory to-day we pay the last tribute of friendship and admiration. [50] Address of Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina Mr. President: Hanging on the walls in my committee room in the Capitol, where I work from five to seven hours a day, are the photographs of some of my best friends, men whom I admire and love. Most of these are still living and are much my junior. One of them is dead, and his kindly face beams down on me from the wall all the while and makes me feel sometimes as though he were present and going to speak. We entered the Senate together in 1895, nearly 20 years ago, and during these years a warm friendship grew up between us. Our committee rooms were next to the Senate library and adjoined. Although he was my elder by several years, he always addressed me as " The old man " — " How is the old man to-day ? " being his usual greeting — and the name by which I addressed him most frequently was " My Lord Bacon." I was at Robertson's Sanitarium in Atlanta last Feb- ruary when the news of his death was flashed over the wires, and immediately telegraphed the Vice President asking to be appointed on the committee to attend his funeral. When his body reached Atlanta I joined the committee and went on to Macon, and saw him laid away to rest in the beautiful cemetery on the hillside among his loved dead. While he was very reserved about family matters and rarely mentioned them, our intimacy led him once to tell me what a terrible grief came into his life when his twin boys both died in one week. He was very much loved by the people of his own city and State, and there were deputations from many [51] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon parts of Georgia to attend his funeral. The people of that great State — like Virginia, the " mother of states- men " — realized that they had lost another great man. I do not say " great man " flippantly, but advisedly. All men who become Senators do not thereby become great. The roll of great Senators is somewhat limited, and the average man would be puzzled to name 20 great Senators during the period of our history. But Bacon had qualities of mind which made him worthy to be called a great man. He was not merely a good politician and good fellow. I married a Georgia woman and was born and reared within 13 miles of the Georgia line, and always had a great -many friends in that State. It is a saddening thought that I have attended the funeral of two of Georgia's great men — Bacon and Clay. They honored me by giving me their friendship. Bacon was a great lawyer. I will always remember an incident which occurred at a dinner at my home when I lived on East Capitol Street in this city. This was many years ago. I had formed a strong attachment for three of my colleagues, all of them lawyers — Bacon, Spooner, and Chandler. Although I am a farmer pure and simple and never studied law at all, my official position as gov- ernor, during which time I had many lawsuits for the State, necessitated my reading many Supreme Court de- cisions. Then, too, in general reading I had become familiar with the principles of the law and knew a little something about the Constitution. Therefore I am not entirely ignorant or an unappreciative listener when law points are being discussed. On the occasion of which I speak — the dinner at my home — it will be noted that two of my guests were Republicans, both leaders of their party until they left the Senate. Although I am con- sidered a partisan and am a very pronounced partisan in many respects, I never allowed my Democratic prin- [52] Address of Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina ciples to interfere with my personal friendships. It is a source of pride to believe — indeed, to know — that a large number of the Republicans with whom I have been asso- ciated in the Senate during my 20 years' service are and have been my personal friends. Many of them have " gone over the river " where Bacon has joined them. I must join that caravan, too, soon, for I am nearly " three score and ten " and realize every day that I am approach- ing the end. But I am prepared when the time comes to go to the grave— * * * Not like the quarry slave at night, Scourged to his dungeon, but sustained and soothed By an unfaltering trust, I will approach my grave Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him and lies down to pleasant dreams. But let us back to the dinner. I had a son who was at that time a law student at Georgetown University, and more for his encouragement than anything else I told those three great lawyers, who had climbed to the very top of their profession and then been given the highest office in the gift of their States, that I would be very much obliged if they would tell us something of their early trials and struggles. I started off with Bacon, asking how much income he got from his first year's practice. He answered something like this : " Tillman, when I first began the practice of law I entered the office of Judge Lochrane, who was then at the head of the bar in Macon and had a very large practice. Although the firm name was Lochrane & Bacon, I soon found very much to my disgust that all of the clients and even visitors to the office wanted * to see Judge Lochrane,' and none called for or wanted to see Mr. Bacon. His reputation had thrown me into an eclipse. I decided that I could not afford this and therefore determined to withdraw from the firm and set up on my own hook. I did not get much practice at first, [53] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon and money was so scarce that, to economize in every way possible, I used to sit without a fire with a blanket wrapped around my legs and feet to keep warm while reading. I really did not feel able to buy wood." Spooner broke into his reminiscences saying : " I was in debt when I hung out my shingle, and the first thing I did was to marry; but I did manage to make about $1,500." Chandler came next with his experience and, as I re- call it, he said: "I began practicing when 20 years old, also in company with a senior partner. I do not recall that I received much of anything that year. The next year, 1856, I practiced alone and made about $1,300 or $1,400 — enough to pay board and lay up a little. After practicing nine years, before coming to Washington, I had managed to accumulate between four and five thou- sand dollars. During that time, however, I recall that I interfered a great deal in politics." The picture of Bacon shivering in the cold, Spooner battling poverty, and Chandler in stringent circumstances because of lack of practice made a very lasting impres- sion on my mind. When I recall the careers of these three men, they are marked illustrations of the possi- bilities of our American civilization and demonstrate very forcefully that where men have the brains and energy they can carve a career under very adverse con- ditions. As our committee rooms were so near together, Bacon and I frequently walked up Pennsylvania Avenue to- gether, and on these walks we had long talks about poli- tics, history, poetry, literature, and books we had read. I remember those walks with a great deal of pleasure now, because my pleasures now are mostly those of mem- ory, and I presume other men, old and invalid like my- self, are in the same condition. [54] Address of Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina He had a characteristic which made our association appear sometimes incongruous. His frame of mind was eminently judicial and he objected strenuously to any interruption; could not tolerate it, in fact. Indeed, no two men in the Senate were more different in temperament. He was calm and pacific at all times. I am impetuous and frank, and my strongest and most marked character- istic is perhaps pugnacity. Our friendship must have been due to the law which has been formulated thus: Men like their opposites, and not those who have the same foibles and feelings they themselves have. He was diplomatic or nothing, and no one ever even suspected me of having any feeling of that kind. I would frequently ask his opinion on a law point on some matter before the Senate or in the newspapers, and when he started to tell me I would see the point he was attempting to elucidate before he got to it, and would interrupt with some word showing I did not need further explanation. He always resented this very much, saying, " You will not let a man tell you anything before you interrupt him." He was a man of very great refinement of feeling and disliked above all things to wound another. I never heard him in the Senate in debate say anything sharp, sarcastic, or vehement. Sometimes he grew earnest and even elo- quent in discussing matters before the Senate, and I have heard him give the Republican Party a very severe drub- bing more than once, but I never did hear him utter any such thoughts without apologizing for it — a salve for the wound, as it were. I have abused him many times good- naturedly for this weakness, which many will consider his finest characteristic. But, then, it was his nature to be kind and gentle, and he hated to say anything calculated to wound feelings or rankle in the memory like a thorn in the flesh. I have always considered this a weakness and have acted on the contrary principle. I never said [55] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon anything unless I believed it to be true, and if the truth hurts I feel that it ought to hurt, for in that way only could reformation be brought about. Having served in the minority here for 18 years I realize fully what it is to cultivate patience, and longed for the time when my own party should have control. Bacon had a mind peculiarly filled with veneration for tradition and old customs. He was a stickler for the rules of the Senate, and very few Senators had a better knowl- edge of those rules or of Jefferson's Manual or was more familiar with the Constitution of the United States than he. He was always at his best in arguing a constitutional question or a legal point, though sometimes I thought a little prolix and wordy. His membership on the Com- mittee on Foreign Relations made it necessary for him to study international law and be familiar with treaties, and his knowledge of both was very extensive. He was very fond of music, and in his home were two music boxes, one of the old Swiss type and the other a modern machine which would reproduce the voices of great singers. Frequently we got together at his home or mine and spent the evening listening to good music. He was very fond of travel and of reciting his experi- ences on his various trips to Europe. He made it his religious duty, after his first breakdown in the Senate some 10 years ago, to spend two or three months each summer in the Tyrolean Alps. He believed that these trips abroad had a great deal to do with his robust ap- pearance and health and were necessary to prolong his life. Whether or not his failure to get away last summer had anything to do with hurrying the end, of course we do not know, but he longed for the European mountains and was very much disappointed and put out because of his inability to go abroad. He felt that he could not afford to have the appearance of neglecting his duty, although ;56] Address of Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina he had been triumphantly reelected for the fourth time by the people of Georgia the year before, and political con- sideration did not control his action or govern his feelings in any way. He stood by his post of duty and went down on the firing line, as it were. No soldier on the battle field ever showed more courage. Senators come and go, but it will be a long time before the Senate is adorned by a more able man or one better liked by his colleagues. [57] Address of Mr. Gallinger, of New Hampshire Mr. President: Others better fitted for the task than I have told the story of the life work of our late distin- guished associate, the Hon. Augustus O. Bacon, of Geor- gia. For me it is sufficient to say a few simple words of appreciation of a man whom I admired, a Senator of unswerving integrity, acknowledged ability, and univer- sally recognized distinction, who in the discharge of his public duties shed luster not only upon his own State but also upon the country which he served faithfully and well. When Senator Bacon entered the Senate I had been a Member of the body for four years. Before he had taken the oath of office I was told by those who knew him well that he would take a high place in the Senate because of his extensive learning, his legislative experience, his legal acquirements, and his great ability as a debater and parliamentarian. In all these respects he abundantly ful- filled the expectations of those who vouched for him, speedily gaining deserved recognition and honor. Senator Bacon stood for all that is best in the history and traditions of this body. He insisted upon the ob- servance of the rules which are designed to govern our deliberations, and he also insisted upon an observance of the precedents, social as well as otherwise, which have been handed down to us by our predecessors. A man of simple tastes and quiet living, he nevertheless contended that the Senate should be given its rightful place on all occasions and not be pushed aside or ignored by those who had. less claim for recognition or priority. A true disciple of Jefferson in simplicity of life and manners, he was equally an aristocrat when occasion demanded. [58] Address of Mr. Gallinger, of New Hampshire To him the pomp and circumstance of life meant little, but the amenities of life meant everything. He was a man of high ideals, of irreproachable character, and possessed of a courtesy and kindliness of heart which bespoke the true gentleman. For nearly 20 years it was my privilege to come in almost daily contact with this honored son of one of the original thirteen States, and during all that time, whether in the routine of legislative procedure, of par- liamentary contention, or in the heat and stress of debate, no wound was inflicted on either side that remained un- healed for an hour. A man of positive convictions and matured views, he extended to his colleagues the un- questioned right to opinions differing from those which he held and which he was always ready to defend. Thoroughly versed in the history and traditions of his own country, his wide knowledge of international affairs gave to his opinions an authority and influence possessed by few men in the history of our Government. The death of Senator Bacon removed from this body one of its ablest Members and deprived the Nation of the wise counsel of a cultured, conscientious, and broad-minded legislator and statesman. Mr. President, as I stood at the open grave of my asso- ciate and friend, in the beautiful burial ground at Macon; as I saw the great concourse of his friends and neighbors assembled to do him honor; as I saw the tears on the cheeks of family and kinsmen; as I listened to the words of the preacher, so full of tenderness and meaning; and as I looked beyond and saw those whom he had left, struggling for preferment above their fellows, I could not but ask myself what the real meaning of life is. And it then came to me, as it had so often come before and as it has come many times since, that the true meaning of life [59] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon is not wealth nor fame nor glory, but rather that it is summed up in the few simple words of the Master: Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, * and thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. And turning away from that scene of sadness and grief, bidding a long farewell to the great man whom I was privileged to call friend, I felt like consecrating my life and whatever talents I possess to a deeper devotion to public and private service, and thus be prepared for the great change that will inevitably come to all of us as it came to this gifted son of Georgia. And so to-day I can but express the hope that his example will be to us an inspiration for all that is best in this world, and that the life and character of Senator Bacon, as it will be read and recounted by the youth of his native Commonwealth, may beckon them on to higher purposes, to cleaner lives, and to greater achievements for the welfare of their fellow men, the State, and the Nation. [60] Address of Mr. Hardwick, of Georgia Mr. President: Augustus Octavius Bacon, late a Sen- ator of the United States from the State of Georgia, long represented and personified on this floor a type of states- manship that is fast passing away, if, indeed, it be not already passed. Imagine him clad in the toga of twenty-two hundred years ago, and it would not require a much more difficult stretch of the imagination to see in him, reincarnated, the highest type of the Roman senator at the very climax of that period when the senators of Rome were the law- givers of the world. Compare him in all the essentials that made the senators of the world's great Republic illustrious and their integrity the proudest boast of a great people with them, and neither he nor American states- manship suffers in the comparison. Is high-minded personal and official integrity that is not only beyond question but above suspicion the first and all-essential requisite for lofty public service? If so, Sen- ators, in this age of yellow journalism and of unwarranted license in the criticism of public men it should be an in- spiration to every American schoolboy to learn what those of you who served longest with our dead friend know be S t — that in this great virtue he was second to no Roman Cato. Is lofty patriotism that exalts one's country above all earthly objects and enthrones the lasting good of her people as the one great object for which senates assemble and parliaments legislate another essential and funda- mental virtue? If so, Senators, we may all find comfort in the thought and draw inspiration from the fact that in [61] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon the practice of this great virtue the late Senator from Georgia set for himself a standard not less lofty than that of the elder Brutus. Is real and unassumed personal and official dignity, a due regard for the exact proprieties of every occasion, and a full appreciation of the grea-tness of the imperial Com- monwealth that sent him here so long and of the mighty Nation he loved and served so well to be appraised a virtue? If so, Senators, in these qualities your late col- league could be compared most favorably with the proud- est Tarquin of them all. Is the possession of a mind well stored with the legal lore of his people and his race, well trained in the meas- urement of wrongs and the weighing of conflicting rights, to be accounted a splendid part of the equipment of a great lawmaker? If so, Senators, in this respect the dead Senator whom we honor to-day was as splendidly equipped for the public service as any Roman Justinian. Is that " righteousness that exalteth a nation " to be applied to its foreign affairs as well as to its domestic concerns? And is that man who, in his legislative con- duct and career, seeks to apply the doctrine of the Golden Rule to other nations as well as to the citizens of his own to be adjudged truly great when the scales of public opinion shall be finally and justly balanced? If so, Sen- ators, the late Senator Bacon, who was for so long a time a potent factor for good in the conduct of our foreign relations, will not lose in stature when he is compared with even the greatest of those early Romans who stood for justice and square dealing, even with the despised barbarian, and even against the clamor of a fierce and war-loving nation. Of Senator Bacon's long and successful career at the Georgia bar, of which he was the acknowledged leader when elected to the Senate; of his splendid service to the [62] Address of Mr. Hardwick, of Georgia people of Georgia while a member of her legislature, of whose house of representatives he was for eight years the honored speaker; of his unselfish devotion to the interests of his alma mater, the University of Georgia, even during those years in which the weight of public duties and re- sponsibilities bore heaviest upon him; of his unfaltering loyalty to the Democratic Party, both in our State and Nation, through many years of valued service, I may not on this occasion speak in detail, lest I become prolix. Upon his great services in this Chamber through the past 20 years, touching almost every line of legislative and parliamentary activity, I may not with propriety dwell, for many of his honored colleagues, intimately associated with him in those activities, are still with us, and are far more competent than I am to recount his work and acclaim its worth. I trust I may be pardoned, however, if I allude briefly to several particulars in which it has always seemed to me his influence was strongest and his work most fruitful. First of all, he was diligent to a degree and constant without exception in his attention to the work of the Senate and in his attendance upon its sessions. In the next place, he always attached great importance to the rules and precedents of the Senate. In respect to this matter, it may have seemed to the thoughtless, on occasion, that Senator Bacon was overtechnical in his insistence upon following the rules of the Senate and in adhering to its well-settled precedents. Such was not the case, however, for he had acquired a profound knowl- edge of those rules and precedents, and with it an equally profound conviction that the rules and precedents of this great body all form part and parcel of a great com- prehensive and complete system by which legislation in this Chamber is both accelerated and safeguarded, and that prudence requires that a legislative body shall steer [63] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon according to its chart and compass, in this way securing the greatest general good and in this way scrupulously preserving the rights of all. In the next place, during his long and potent connection with the foreign affairs of our country he brought to their consideration not only all the splendid equipment of a great legal mind but also a fine and fair sense of natural justice. In his consideration of these questions he had two maxims of conduct that, in my judgment, have proved invaluable to our country in the past and are indispensable to her safety, peace, and glory in the future : First, that we should religiously adhere to the almost inspired advice of the great Father of his Country to cultivate friendly relations with all the nations of the earth and to have entangling alliances with none. Second, that we can neither afford to bully the weak nor truckle to the strong, but should invariably accord to the weakest nation with which we have dealings the same consideration, the same justice, the same rights that we accord to the mightiest powers of earth. Lastly, but by no means of least importance, Senator Bacon had a fixed and accurate conception of the great American system of government — of the great dual sys- tem that distributes power between the Federal and State sovereignties — giving to each jurisdiction complete and supreme power in its own sphere of activity, and yet so adjusting the balance between them that real conflict is rare if not impossible. He believed with the intense fervor of enlightened conviction that our fathers had built wisely and not at haphazard when they ordained this dual system, and that in a rigid adherence to it lay the brightest and fairest hopes of permanent happiness and prosperity for the American people. He realized that the country was too large and that its conditions varied too greatly in differ- [64] Address of Mr. Hardwick, of Georgia ent localities to permit, with safety, legislation by the Federal authority on matters that were purely local to the several States, and as to such matters that the right of local self-government was all important. On the other hand, he fully recognized and earnestly supported the supreme and exclusive authority of the Federal Govern- ment to deal with all foreign questions, with all questions relating to the national defense, with all questions relat- ing to the regulation of commerce between the several States, and to exercise to the fullest extent every neces- sary power expressly bestowed on it or that could be clearly implied from the grant; and he was as stout in his assertion of the full and exclusive right and power of the Federal Government to perform every proper Federal function as he was unyielding in his devotion to the great Anglo-Saxon doctrine of local self-government in all purely domestic concerns and in respect to all mat- ters that properly fell within the jurisdiction and power of the several States. The great service that he rendered in this Chamber year after year in his earnest and unremitting effort to keep this balance between Federal and State power truly adjusted and to preserve to the people of this coun- try the inestimable blessings of this great system of government to my mind constitutes his most important public service, the chiefest glory of his long and distin- guished career. Mr. President, I have already trespassed far longer than I had intended upon the time of the Senate. Senator Bacon is gone from our midst, but his influence and his example remain with us, to help us all, to inspire us all to faithful service and to lofty endeavor. The great State that he so long illustrated on this floor was proud of him in life and mourns him in death; but to console her in her grief, to comfort her in her sorrow she has the proud 87634°— 15 5 [65] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon realization that in her gift of him to our country she made notable contribution to American statesmanship; that his passing marks almost the last of an old and honored school; and that when death claimed him it might have been truly said, " The noblest Roman of them all is no more." Mr. Smith of Georgia. Mr. President, I ask for the adop- tion of the resolution which I send to the desk. The Vice President. The Secretary will read the reso- lution. The Secretary read the resolution, as follows : Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. The Vice President. The question is on agreeing to the resolution submitted by the Senator from Georgia. The resolution was unanimously agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, December 18, 1914, at 12 o'clock meridian. [66] Proceedings in the House of Representatives Saturday, February Ik, 191k. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Tulley, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the fol- lowing resolutions : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. Augustus O. Bacon, late a Senator from the State of Georgia. Resolved, That a committee of 14 Senators be appointed by the Vice President to take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. Bacon. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these reso- lutions to the House of Bepresentatives. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased Senator the Senate do now adjourn. Mr. Bartlett. Mr. Speaker, it is my painful duty to announce the death of the senior Senator from Georgia, Senator Bacon. At some future time I shall ask the House to set aside a day that we may pay tribute to his memory. At present I offer the following resolutions. The Clerk read as follows : House resolution 416 Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. Augustus 0. Bacon, late a Senator from the State of Georgia. Resolved, That a committee of 20 Members of the House be ap- pointed to join such committee of the Senate as may be appointed to attend the funeral. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. The resolutions were agreed to. [67] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon The Speaker announced the following committee on the part of the House: Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Adamson, Mr. Hardwick, Mr. Bell of Georgia, Mr. Lee of Georgia, Mr. Edwards, Mr. Hughes of Georgia, Mr. Tribble, Mr. Howard, Mr. Crisp, Mr. Walker, Mr. Park, Mr. Ferris, Mr. Mann, Mr. Payne, Mr. Gardner, Mr. Anthony, Mr. Willis, Mr. Dyer, and Mr. Prouty. Mr. Bartlett. I offer the further resolution, Mr. Speaker. The Clerk read as follows : Resolved, That as a further mark of respect this House do now adjourn. The resolution was agreed to; accordingly (at 3 o'clock and 55 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until Monday, February 16, 1914, at 12 o'clock noon. Monday, February 16, 191k. Mr. Fitzgerald assumed the chair as Speaker pro tem- pore. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer: Eternal Spirit, our heavenly Father, the All in All, a light has gone out of the world, a soul has been translated, a great statesman has been taken from us. Where shall we go; to whom shall we turn in our bereavement for succor and comfort but to Thee? Thou art infinite in all Thine attributes, Thou hast planned, Thou canst make no mistakes; Thy will is supreme and Thy will is good will. Therefore we trust, therefore we hope; we shall not be disappointed. Comfort our hearts, be light to our darkness. Espe- cially come near to the bereaved family who leaned upon [68] Proceedings in the House of Representatives him for strength and guidance that they may look for- ward without fear but with hope for a brighter day in some one of the many mansions which Thou hast pre- pared for Thy children. Every storm is followed by a calm, every night is followed by a day, so every grief will be turned into joy. In the name of Him who revealed the life and immortality of the soul. Amen. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Tulley, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- ing resolutions: Resolved, That the committee of 14 Senators appointed by the Vice President under the resolution of the Senate of February 14, 1914, shall take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. Bacon in the Senate Chamber at 1 o'clock p. m. on Tuesday, February 17, instant, and that the Senate will attend the same. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect the remains of Mr. Bacon be removed from Washington to Macon, Ga., in charge of the Sergeant at Arms, attended by the committee, who shall have full power to carry these resolutions into effect. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these proceedings to the House of Bepresentatives and invite the House of representa- tives to attend the funeral in the Senate Chamber and to appoint a committee to act with the committee of the Senate. Resolved, That invitations be extended to the President of the United States and the members of his Cabinet, the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Diplomatic Corps (through the Secretary of State), the Ad- miral of the Navy, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Begents and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution to attend the funeral in the Senate Chamber. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. The message further announced that the committee appointed by the Vice President to attend the funeral of Senator Bacon consists of the following: Mr. Smith of [69] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon Georgia, Mr. Tillman, Mr. Overman, Mr. Chilton, Mr. Fletcher, Mr. Pomerene, Mr. Thomas, Mr. O'Gorman, Mr. Vardaman, Mr. Gallinger, Mr. Root, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Bran- degee, and Mr. Page. Mr. Underwood. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the present consideration of the resolution which I send to the desk and ask to have read. The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That the House accept the invitation of the Senate extended to the Speaker and Members of the House of Representa- tives to attend the funeral services of the Hon. Augustus 0. Bacon, late a Senator of the United States from the State of Georgia, to be held in the Senate Chamber on Tuesday, the 17th day of February next, at 1 o'clock p. m. Resolved, That the committee of the House heretofore appointed by the Speaker to attend the funeral services of the late Senator Bacon be instructed to act in conjunction with the committee of the Senate to make the necessary arrangements. The Speaker pro tempore. Is there objection to the present consideration of the resolution? There was no objection. The Speaker pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the resolution. The resolution was agreed to. Mr. Underwood. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the present consideration of the resolution which I send to the Clerk's desk and ask to have read. The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That on Tuesday, February 17, 1914, at 10 minutes to 1 o'clock p. m., pursuant to the resolution heretofore adopted accepting the invitation of the Senate to attend the funeral serv- ices of the Hon. Augustus O. Bacon, late a Senator of the United States from the State of Georgia, the House shall proceed, with the Speaker, to the Senate Chamber, and at the conclusion of the services it shall return to this Chamber. [70] Proceedings in the House of Representatives The Speaker pro tempore. Is there objection to the present consideration of the resolution? There was no objection. The Speaker pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the resolution. The resolution was agreed to. Tuesday, February 17, 191b. The Speaker. The managers of the Senate have sent word to the Chair that they have room in the Senate for the Members and officers elect of the House, but they have no room for anyone else. Mr. Fitzgerald. I move that in pursuance of the re- quest of the Senate the House do now proceed to the Senate. I move that the House stand in recess until we return. The Speaker. The gentleman from New York [Mr. Fitzgerald] moves that the House stand in recess until we return from the Senate. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 45 minutes p. m.) the House stood in recess. At 1 o'clock and 35 minutes p. m. the Members of the House returned from the Senate Chamber. The Speaker. The House will resume its session. Friday, December 18, 191k. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Tulley, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- ing resolutions : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Augustus Octavius Bacon, late a Senator from the State of Georgia. [71] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the de- ceased the business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distin- guished public services. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these reso- lutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. Mr. Bartlett. Mr. Speaker, I desire to present the fol- lowing privileged resolution, and ask its adoption. The Speaker. The Clerk will report the resolution. The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That Sunday, January 24, 1915, be set apart for ad- dresses upon the life, character, and public services of Hon. Augustus Octavius Bacon, late a Member of the United States Senate from the State of Georgia. The question was taken, and the resolution was agreed to. Saturday, January 16, 1915. Mr. Bartlett. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the date of January 24, 1915, set apart in the House for eulogies on the life, character, and public services of the late Senator Augustus 0. Bacon, of Georgia, he changed to February 21, 1915, on account of the fact that gentlemen who expected to be present can not be present on the day that has been set. The Speaker. The gentleman from Georgia asks unani- mous consent that the order for eulogies on the late Sen- ator Bacon for the 24th of January be vacated, and that Sunday, February 21, be set apart instead. Is there objection? There was no objection. [72] Proceedings in the House of Representatives Sunday, February 21, 1915. The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and was called to order by Mr. Bartlett as Speaker pro tempore. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer: Lord, Thou hast been our dwelling place in all genera- tions. Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever Thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, Thou art God. We are come to pay a tribute of respect to two chosen servants of the people and to record their life, character, and public services, that they may live in history as an inspiration and as an example to coming generations. The one passed on while serving as a Member of this House, the other while a Senator of the United States. To have been thus chosen as Members of this great legis- lative body is in itself a mark of distinction, indicative of mental strength, moral courage, and worthy endeavor. They have finished the work Thou gavest them to do and have passed on to a service for which the experiences of this life have fitted them. We mourn their going, but look forward with faith, hope, love to the touch of their hand, the cheer of their voice and kindly smile. Be this our solace and the comfort of those who knew and loved them best in the home, in society where their genial pres- ence will be mjssed. May we be prepared when the sum- mons comes to pass with imperturbed spirit into that realm where love reigns supreme; and we will praise and magnify Thy holy name forever, through Him who taught us life and the immortality of the soul. Amen. Mr. Adamson. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the reading and approval of the Journal be deferred until to-morrow. [73] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Georgia asks unanimous consent that the reading of the Journal be postponed until to-morrow. Is there objection? There was no objection. Mr. Adamson. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all who speak in eulogy to-day have permission to revise and extend their remarks and that general leave to print be extended to all Members. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Georgia asks unanimous consent that those who speak to-day may have permission to extend their remarks and that leave be granted to those who are not present and who desire to incorporate remarks in the Record to do so. Is there objection? There was no objection. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will read the order of the day. The Clerk read as follows: On motion of Mr. Bartlett, by unanimous consent, Ordered, That Sunday, February 21, 1915, be set apart for services upon the life, character, and public services of Hon. Augustus 0. Bacon, late a Senator from the State of Georgia. Mr. Park took the chair as Speaker pro tempore. Mr. Bartlett. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolu- tion. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Georgia offers a resolution which the Clerk will report. The Clerk read as follows: House resolution 740 Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the Hon. Augustus O. Bacon, late a Senator from the State of Georgia, the business of the House be now suspended, to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. [74] Proceedings in the House of Representatives Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the House at the conclusion of the exercises of this day stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk of the House communicate these reso- lutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. The resolution was agreed to. [75] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Bartlett, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: Born on the 20th of October, 1839, after having served his native State as soldier, as legislator, as speaker of the house of representatives, as trustee of the State University, and for 19 years as a United States Sen- ator, Augustus Octavius Bacon died on the 14th of Febru- ary, 1914, ripe in years and full of honors. I had known him personally since my early boyhood and intimately for 35 years. Before his birth his father died, and while yet in infancy, before he was a year old, his mother passed to the great beyond to join the husband and father. He was reared by his grandmother. At an early age he entered the University of Georgia, from which he gradu- ated with the degree of bachelor of arts, and soon there- after he received the degree of bachelor of laws. For many years he was a trustee of the University of Georgia, and was such at the time of his death. There were con- ferred upon him by that university the degrees of bachelor of arts, bachelor of laws, master of arts, and doctor of laws. Shortly after beginning the practice of law he answered to the call to arms made upon her sons by the Southern Confederacy. He served in the Army of Vir- ginia for two years and was afterwards transferred to Georgia and assigned to general staff duty. Soon after the close of the war he commenced the practice of law at Macon, Ga., where he resided until his death. As a lawyer he was studious; he mastered all subjects with consum- mate skill and presented them to court and jury with con- vincing argument and logic. [77] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon During the years following the Civil War, known as the reconstruction period in Georgia, he gave his great powers to the task of rehabilitating the State and restor- ing its government to its own people. In recognition of his public services he was elected a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the county of Bibb in 1870, and was ■ successively reelected to that position for a period of 12 years. For 8 years he was speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives, and in that office he evinced his wonderful familiaritj^ with par- liamentary law. He presided with great fairness and dignity, and was everywhere recognized as one of the most skillful parliamentarians that had ever presided over the Legislature of the State of Georgia. In every campaign, both local and national, Mr. Bacon was an earnest champion of the cause of the Democratic Party, to which he always belonged. He was ready at all times to aid his party, and he rendered most effective service in its behalf. The Democratic national committee always availed itself of his services in the presidential campaigns, and his abilities were exerted in behalf of his party's candidates and in advocacy of its principles in many States. In 1894 he was elected to the United States Senate from the State of Georgia. While it is true that he was elected to this office by the legislature of his State, yet for the first time in the history of the State there had been held a primary in order that the voters might give expression to their choice for United States Senator, and when the legislature met the people had already declared by their votes that he was their choice for that high office. He entered the Senate in 1895, at the same time that I became a Member of the House of Representatives. In 1900, 1906, and again in 1912 the Democrats of the State of Georgia, in primary elections, selected him as United States Senator. In 1912, after the [78] Address of Mr. Bartlett, of Georgia amendment providing for the election of United States Senators by the people was adopted, he was elected Sena- tor by the people of the State, after having been nomi- nated in the primary, being the first United States Senator elected by the people under the seventeenth amendment to the Constitution. From the day of his entrance into the Senate he became a commanding figure in that body and immediately attracted the attention of the Senate and of the country. He soon demonstrated that he was fully equipped in every way to meet promptly in debate every question that arose. During his term of service many of the most important questions which have engaged the attention of the Senate were considered. He partici- pated in all the great debates that occurred there, often- times contending with the most distinguished Members of that body, and in no debate in which he engaged did he ever fail to demonstrate his ability to sustain and up- hold the dignity and honor of his high office. Intimately familiar with the history of our Republic, and thoroughly grounded and learned in the fundamental principles of our Government as contained in the charter of our liberties, the Constitution, he was ever its earnest defender, and no effort to infringe it, impair it, or de- stroy it was ever made that did not meet with prompt resistance from him. He believed in the traditions of our people and in the tradition of our Government, and at all times he stood firmly by them. Punctual in his attendance on the sessions of the Senate and assiduous in the performance of his duties, his great mentality was impressed upon nearly all the deliberations of that great body during the period of his service. Never did he per- mit his private business or personal fortunes to lure him from his duty as Senator. Although opposed vigorously in the last primary in which he was a candidate, he still remained at his post while the Senate was in session, [79] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon and the people, recognizing his ability and faithfulness, gave him a large majority and a vote of confidence. It may be truthfully said that during the 19 years of his service he was never absent from the Senate on account of private or personal business, and frequently he at- tended the sessions of the Senate and discharged his duties there when his physical condition was such that he should not have done so. Senator Bacon was a believer in and defender of the rights of the States, and on many occasions when they were sought to be invaded by the enactment of laws which undertook to confer unwarranted powers upon the Federal Government he delivered speeches of protest which will live as masterpieces of logic, of learning, and of eloquence. No stronger or more forceful speech was ever made in the Senate on that subject than the one which he delivered on the amendment that was offered to the proposed seventeenth amendment to the Consti- tution, providing for the election of United States Sena- tors by the people, in which he met and answered the arguments of the distinguished Senator from New York [Mr. Root], and the debate on that amendment will go down in history as one of the great debates in the Senate of the United States. Believing that this Government should not hold or own colonies, when the treaty involving the status and future of the Philippines was up for consideration he not only voted against its confirmation, but introduced a resolu- tion declaring it to be the purpose of the United States not to permanently retain the islands, but to give to the people of those islands independence and self-govern- ment. His speech upon this subject was listened to with profound interest in the Senate, and attracted the atten- tion of the people of the United States and of many coun- tries abroad. The debate on this subject between Senator [80] Address of Mr. Bartlett, of Georgia Bacon and Senator Spooner, of Wisconsin, has justly been characterized as one of the great debates of the Senate, and as recalling the days of Webster, Calhoun, and Clay. In the Sixty-second Congress, although the Republicans had a majority of the Senate, they were not able to agree upon a President pro tempore, and it became necessary for them to enter into an arrangement with the Demo- crats by which a Senator on the Democratic side should be selected as President pro tempore and also a Senator on the Republican side to serve as President pro tempore. On that occasion the Democrats unanimously selected Senator Bacon as their representative for this important position in the Senate. Called upon to preside over that most exalted and distinguished Senate in the world, Sen- ator Bacon presided with the ease, grace, dignity, and fairness for which he was noted; and when a great im- peachment trial was conducted before the Senate to try a judge who had been impeached by the House he was unanimously selected to preside. Nothing demonstrated so clearly as this action the confidence and esteem in which he was held by the Members of the Senate. When the Democrats elected the President and secured a majority of the Senate Senator Bacon was placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Relations, having served upon that committee for years. It was during his service as chairman of that committee that the troubles in Mexico became acute, and there is no ques- tion but that the President of the United States advised with him daily and relied upon his sound judgment, his prudence, and his wide knowledge of international affairs in aiding him to maintain proper peaceful relations with the Mexican Government during that critical period. I have no doubt that the President of the United States now feels keenly the loss of his counsel and advice. 87634°— 15 6 [81] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon His death was not only a surprise to us who were asso- ciated with him here, but it was a profound shock to the people of the State of Georgia. They sincerely mourned his death, and when his body was borne through the confines of the State to its last resting place at his home, Macon, Ga., at every station through which the- funeral train passed numbers of people gathered and, with bowed heads and sorrowing hearts, paid their respect and homage to him dead whom they had loved so well in life. He died at his post of duty, and I have no doubt if he could have chosen the hour and manner of his death this great man who had devoted his life to the public service of his people would have chosen to die as he did — at his post, at the front, with armor bright and un- tarnished, hale and vigorous, although full of honors and years. I know he would have preferred to face the dread summons with harness on rather than to have lain prone and broken by wasting disease. And I truly believe that all of us who are engaged in the discharge of public duty would prefer to meet the grim destroyer at our post. And could we choose the time, and choose aright, 'Tis best to die, our honor at the height, When we have done our ancestor no shame, But served our friends, and well secured our fame. By direction of the governor of Georgia the body of Senator Bacon lay in state in the capitol at Atlanta. It was borne from the funeral train through a vast con- course of people gathered from all parts of the State to the rotunda of the capitol, where the body lay, and was viewed by thousands. And then we carried him to his home at Macon. All business there was suspended, and the people stood with uncovered heads around the bier of the man who had served them so faithfully and so long and whom they loved so well. His body was then [82] Address of Mr. Bartlett, of Georgia carried to its last resting place in Rose Hill Cemetery, to repose until the resurrection morn, when all shall appear before the great white throne to be adjudged for the deeds done in the flesh. In Senator Bacon's death a truly great man has been taken away from us. Georgia has sent many of her dis- tinguished sons to the Senate — Berrien, Toombs, Hill, Colquitt, Gordon, and others— and while some of them may have been more eloquent and possessed in greater degree with the power to sway assemblages of men, none excelled Senator Bacon in clearness of thought or reasoning power, nor was there anyone among that bright galaxy of names who was more truly devoted to the best interests of the State of Georgia. His memory will be cherished along with that of the other great men who have represented Georgia in the United States Senate as one entitled to receive the plaudits of the people and the encomium, " Well done, thou good and faithful servant." He loved his State as his fireside and his Nation as his home. Nationally broad minded, he accorded to the General Government all the rights that were granted to it by the Constitution, but at the same time he jealously protected the independent sovereignty of each State. He was proud of the position of the United States among the nations of the earth, yet he was so jealous of her integrity that in dealing with other nations he insisted that full justice should be meted out to them so as to enjoy their full faith and confidence. His was a patriot- ism that did not defend aggression and conquest, but his great powers were at all times exercised in the promotion of national security and peace. [83] Address of Mr. Adam son, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: Among the first really great men I ever knew was Senator Bacon. A generation my senior, he had become celebrated as a Georgia legislator and had issued a law book — an analysis of the first 40 volumes of Georgia Reports — which was highly prized by the bar and remains to this day the best law book of the kind I ever saw. He was a great lawyer, a great parliamentarian, and eminent as a public-spirited, generous citizen. He was an astonishing compendium of universal information. He was at all times ready to discuss, and discuss accu- rately and minutely, any subject which any person he might meet was able to discuss at all. He was distin- guished for his dignity and urbanity. It was said of the old Roman statesmen that even in the throes and mad- ness of discord and faction they never lost their dignity nor forgot their respect for law and decorum. Senator Bacon would have been among Roman statesmen as emi- nent as he was among American statesmen. He was punctilious in all his association and contact with his fellow men, extremely considerate of others in all things, and a miracle of perpetual industry. When he was transferred from his Georgia work to the wider field of operations as a United States Senator he was as admirably equipped as any statesman ever called to the position from any State, and well did he maintain himself and illustrate the honor and greatness of the State of Georgia and her people. The whole country suf- fered an irreparable loss when Senator Bacon died. Of course his friends, his familv, and his beloved State of [84] Address of Mr. Adamson, of Georgia Georgia more deeply feel the immediate loss. A life- long friend and associate of Senator Bacon, Hon. John T. Boifeuillet, of Macon, Ga., for many years his private sec- retary, better acquainted with him perhaps than any other man who ever associated with him, has prepared a beau- tiful tribute, true and just, to the life, character, and public services of Senator Bacon, which I shall appro- priate here as a part of my remarks. They more nearly do Senator Bacon justice than I am able to do. Tribute of Hon. John T. Boifeuillet In him was— A combination and a form indeed, Where every god did seem to set his seal, To give the world assurance of a man. The melancholy tidings of the death of Senator Augus- tus O. Bacon, on February 14, 1914, in the city of Wash- ington, plunged the people of his native State of Georgia into mourning and were heard with sadness throughout this entire country and in many distant lands. The Senate was in session at the hour of his demise, and the announcement of the unexpected and distressing event carried grief to the heart of every Senator. A deep and solemn stillness instantly pervaded the Chamber, for all realized that one of the pillars of the Senate had fallen. The Senate immediately adjourned for the day, sor- rowfully and tearfully. Desiring to pay to his memory that love, honor, and respect so eminently due, and which the Senators felt and entertained in such profound degree, his lifeless form a few days later was borne into the Senate Chamber, so long cherished and beloved by him, and, in the impos- ing presence of the Vice President, the members of the Cabinet, the Speaker of the House, Senators and Rep- [85] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon resentatives, the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, diplomats, and other public func- tionaries, and the galleries crowded to their utmost capacity with sorrowing friends, impressive religious ceremonies were held. The body, escorted by a delega- tion from the Senate and House, was carried to Georgia for interment in Macon, the Senator's home city, and when Atlanta, the capital of the State, was reached it was met at the depot by a vast concourse of citizens and the military, headed by the governor and all the state- house officers, members of the various courts, and Con- federate veterans. Fifty thousand mourning people lined the streets along which the great funeral procession passed from the depot to the capitol, where the remains lay in state for several hours and were viewed by more than 10,000 persons. No greater demonstration of love was ever paid to any other Georgian, living or dead. Upon the arrival of the body at Macon there was an- other great outpouring of the people in honor of the memory of the distinguished dead. The remains were placed in the city hall, and all during the night that they rested there a steady stream of grief-stricken friends flowed past the bier. On the day of the burial there was a remarkable display of deepest feeling. The mournful cadence of the people's sorrow was heard throughout the borders of the State. The overshadowing gloom bespoke their woe. Under the blue skies and fleecy clouds of his beloved Southland, he lies in his final earthly rest in beautiful Rose Hill Cemetery, where the rustling murmurings of the foliage speak in answering language to the changeful melodies of the near-by river, and where bloom the forget-me-nots of affectionate remembrance and the im- mortelles of lasting regret. There the early swallow warbles his paean to the morning air, and the night bird's * [86] Tribute of Mr. John T. Boifeuillet evening carol blends with the purling of the starlit streams. The night dew that falls, though in silence it weeps, Shall brighten with verdure the grave where he sleeps; And the tear that we shed, though in secret it rolls, Shall long keep his memory green in our souls. My relations with him have been one of the joys of the heart to me, and the remembrance of them will linger like the fragrance of roses that are faded and gone. In the early morning hour, when the orb of day is bursting away from the blue hills and the birds are singing in the meadows, his face will be before me. In the rich ray of noonday splendor, when the sun is shining in the zenith of his power, his face w T ill be before me. At sunset, when the "golden gates of the resplendent west" seem hanging in a sea of glory, his face will be before me. At twilight, when the crimson sky has faded and heaven's light is serene above, his face will be before me. In the mysterious silence of midnight, "when the streams are glowing in the light of the many stars," his image will come floating upon the beam that lingers around my pillow. Senator Bacon impressed himself forcibly upon the minds and hearts of his fellow countrymen, not only on account of his great ability and lofty patriotism, but be- cause they had absolute faith in the integrity of his mo- tives and in the rectitude of his purposes. They had perfect confidence in the sincerity of his actions, and placed the fullest trust in his unfaltering devotion to the highest ideals of his office. He abhorred hypocrisy and deceit. Envy had no place in his heart. He was in- capable of the insidious wiles of the crafty politician. He never attempted to employ the arts of the self-seeking demagogue. He was always guided by a high sense of [87] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon duty. He was " in action faithful, and in honor clear." His principle was to act right, regardless of personal consequences. He sought to do equal and exact justice to all. In illustration of his uprightness and justice, it can be stated that once when there was talk that certain im- peachment proceedings might be instituted, he was asked, in a party of political supporters who favored the pro- posed impeachment, how he would vote in the event the trial was held. His stern and independent reply was in the firm and bold spirit of the memorable response of Lord Coke to James I, King of England: When the case happens, I shall do that which it shall be fit for a judge to do. The saying of the Greeks can be appropriately applied to Senator Bacon : What Themistocles was to the rest of the Athenians in acute foresight, wisdom, and vigor, Aristides was to every statesman in Greece in incomparable purity and integrity of public life, and no one has dared to dispute his well-won title of The Just. Immediately upon Senator Bacon's entrance into the Senate he took rank with the leaders by reason of his fine ability ? his tact as a parliamentarian, his knowledge of legislative procedure, and his familiarity with public affairs. His ripe experience and mature judgment, his legal learning and forensic talents, his dignified bearing and courtly manners, gave him instant prestige. He grew steadily into a national figure, and was a commanding influence in the senatorial contests of his time. He was capable of filling the highest position under the Govern- ment. In him were embodied all the elements of a states- man and a patriot. The love of country was in his heart. His career was eminent. [88] Tribute of Mr. John T. Boifeuillet Senator Bacon planted himself firmly upon the Consti- tution of his country. To him it was " a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night." He was its sleepless guard and valiant defender. He believed that the spirit of the Constitution would live as long as our civilization blessed us with a full appreciation of the benefits of government and the joys of liberty. He regarded the honor, the rights, and the dignity of the Senate as high and sacred trusts. No man has been truer, or firmer, or bolder in espous- ing Democratic principles, upholding State rights, advo- cating white supremacy, and resisting any usurpation of power. He met with manly firmness every responsibility imposed upon him. Senator Bacon had bravely battled as a Confederate soldier, and was ever the able, active, and earnest cham- pion of the South, her institutions, and her people; yet, as a Senator of the United States, he appreciated and realized that to him, in part, had been confided the honor, safety, and peace of the entire country, and that he was intrusted with large powers in the exercise of which happiness or misery, prosperity or adversity would re- sult to the Nation. It was his aspiration that this Re- public might be forever blessed with wise, humane, and beneficent government. He was ever ready to say " peace, be still " to the angry elements of discord and the stormy waters of sectional dissensions. His patriotic love and solicitude reached to the utmost circle of the land. He could say with Prince Edward, when contem- plating the long War of the Roses and the cheering pros- pects of its termination : Free from the passionate animosities of either faction — Yorkist and Lancastrian — whether victor from the field of Towton or St. Albans, are but Englishmen to me, to whom I can accord jus- tice to all who serve, pardon to all who oppose. [89] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Senator Bacon " knew enough of the world to know that there was nothing in it better than the faithful service of the heart." He walked in the paths of honor. He was the unsullied gentleman. He measured up to the true test of fidelity which is constancy in the hour of peril, devotion in the season of affliction. In integrity of character, in capacity and learning, in patriotism, and as one tried and proven in the public service, he stands forth an example for the emulation of youth. By his labors education was advanced, industry promoted, re- sources developed, society protected, the personal and material interests of the citizen guarded, and civil and religious liberty preserved. He has left a rich legacy to his family and friends — the legacy of an honorable and useful life. Senator Bacon took the oath of office as a Senator on March 4, 1895. Of this class there now remain in the Senate only two of his Democratic colleagues, the senior Senator from South Carolina, Mr. Tillman, and the senior Senator from Virginia, Mr. Martin, and on the Republican side there are only the senior Senator from Wyoming, Mr. Warren, and the senior Senator from Minnesota, Mr. Nelson. Never in the history of the Senate has there been a Senator more punctual in his attendance upon its ses- sions. The remarkable fact can be stated to his enduring credit that in a service of 19 years he was never absent from his seat a day except from providential causes. Neither his personal business nor pleasure drew him away in a single instance. So absolutely devoted was he to his senatorial work that he gave up ever}' thought of everything else in the way of occupation, and his greatest ambition was to be thought worthy of the place by those who so greatly honored and trusted him, to deserve their approbation and continued friendship, and to do all in [90] Tribute of Mr. John T. Boifeuillet his power to serve their interests to the very best of his ability. Anybody who has been in touch with affairs at Washington knows that he was unremitting in his labors, untiring in his activities. In 1912, when Senator Bacon was a candidate for re- nomination in the primary and had active opposition, he jeopardized his interests by refusing to absent him- self a moment from the Senate to go to Georgia to par- ticipate in the campaign. He was unwilling to neglect the public interests by abandoning his place here to ad- vance his political welfare. He said that his duty and obligations required his presence in Washington, and he would leave his candidacy in the hands and care of his constituents. He declared that at last his struggles must be in the confidence of the people, and that con- fidence largely rested upon the opinions and judgment of men as to how efficiently he had performed his work and whether he had been faithful and true to his trust. That he had the confidence and love, the praise and gratitude of his people, that they realized in fullest meas- ure the great value and influence of his able and patriotic services, that they recognized the honor and dignity which always characterized his personal and official life, and that they appreciated the distinction and eminence achieved by him were attested by the fact that he was overwhelmingly renominated, and in 1913 was unani- mously reelected by popular vote. Senator Bacon had the distinction of being the first Senator elected from the State of Georgia to the third consecutive term and the only Senator ever elected for four terms. He possessed the further distinction of hav- ing been the first Senator elected in the United States under the amendment to the Federal Constitution pro- viding for the election of United States Senators by direct vote of the people. [91] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon He was elected President pro tempore of the Senate in the Sixty-second Congress, serving a part of the years 1912 and 1913, and performed the duties of the office ably, impartially, expeditiously, and with dignity and courtesy. He was justly recognized as one of the ablest parliamentarians and most accomplished presiding offi- cers ever in either branch of Congress. Before entering the Senate he had served eight years as speaker of the House of Representatives of Georgia. No other Georgian was ever speaker for so long a time. Until Senator Bacon became President pro tempore of the Senate it had been 100 years since a Georgia Senator had held that office. The last Georgian prior to him was the great William H. Crawford, who was President pro tempore during the Twelfth Congress, which convened on November 4, 1811, and adjourned on March 3, 1813. In October, 1912, when Vice President Sherman, who was President of the Sen- ate, died, Senator Bacon was President pro tempore, and to him fell making the arrangements' for the Senate's participation in the funeral ceremonies. On the second Wednesday in Februar}% 1913, when, according to law, the Members of the Senate and House assembled together in the House to open and count the electoral votes for President and Vice President of the United States, Sena- tor Bacon, as President pro tempore, presided over the joint session and officially proclaimed the result and de- clared Woodrow Wilson and Thomas R. Marshall duly elected. A distinct compliment was paid him when he was chosen by the Senate to preside over the Archbald court of impeachment, especially so in view of the fact that the defendant was of a different political faith from Senator Bacon and the Senator a member of the minority party in the Senate at the time. The ability, fairness, ease, and dignity with which he presided provoked universal enco- [92] Tribute of Mr. John T. Boifeuillet miums. All of his rulings in this trial were sustained, though the hearing lasted for several weeks and there were 11 able and earnest lawyers in the case. Senator Bacon was a member of a number of com- mittees which are powerful factors in determining much important legislation. His favorites were the Com- mittees on the Judiciary, Foreign Belations, and Rules. He was a member of the Judiciary Committee for 17 years, of the Foreign Relations Committee for 15 years, and of the Rules Committee for 13 years. He had been the ranking Democratic member on each of these com- mittees for many years, while the Republicans were in the majority in the Senate; and upon the Democratic reorganization of the Senate in March, 1913, he could have had, not only because of his preeminent qualifica- tions but, according to precedent, practice, and the rule of seniority, the chairmanship of either of these com- mittees he preferred. He was peculiarly well fitted to be at the head of the Judiciary Committee, as he was a sound constitutional lawyer, with broad and varied ex- perience at the practice. Likewise he was thoroughly equipped to be the leader of the Rules Committee, be- cause of his perfect familiarity with Senate procedure and complete knowledge of parliamentary law. He se- lected the chairmanship of the great, important, and influential Committee on Foreign Relations, for which he was splendidly qualified. Always conspicuous in the Senate, he was particularly prominent in matters apper- taining to foreign relations. Senator Bacon had made a special study of the question of treaties and of inter- national law generally, and in addition had traveled extensively abroad, studying the conditions and customs of the people and their forms of government, all of which were of great assistance and material value to him in the discharge of his onerous duties as chairman. His [93] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon wise counsel and sound judgment, his clear perceptions and farsighted vision, his high sense of right and justice, and his broad American patriotism made him eminently strong, influential, and useful in this responsible position. His deliberations were deep and conscientious, and his attitude was that of a man with a wide and true human interest. The committee has never had a chairman better fitted than Senator Bacon was for the exalted trust, one more eminent in all those qualities necessary to the discharge of the high functions of the office. That he was regarded as just and fair in his consideration of Pan American affairs is shown by the following resolution of sympathy which was adopted on his death by the assem- bly of the Department of Santander, Colombia : Interpreting the patriotic sentiments of the worthy people whom it represents, and considering the expression of its sym- pathy and appreciation as an act of justice to those who have labored, or labor, for the supreme rights of the country and hu- manity, it deeply regrets the death of Senator Bacon, who placed his highest abilities at the services of Colombia and the weak nations, battling for her in the Congress of his country, in con- nection with the events that took place in Panama. President Wilson and Secretary of State Bryan continu- ally sought his counsel and advice. For weeks at a time during the severe stress of the Mexican trouble and while the arbitration treaties were pending Senator Bacon was in almost daily conference either at the White House or at the Department of State. Referring to a certain im- portant diplomatic matter, the President said in a note written to the Senator shortly before his last illness: I have already told you how I appreciate your efforts to sow the right impressions and expectations, but I want to tell you again how much I value your cooperation. [94] Tribute of Mr. John T. Boifeuillet In a still later note, with reference to a communication Senator Bacon had written to Secretary Bryan concern- ing a critical foreign question, the President wrote : I am sincerely obliged to you. It has helped to clear my thinking. Not long before the Senator's death he received a cor- dial note from the President, relating to a very serious subject, in which he said: The way in which you have handled the matter makes me warm around the heart. I certainly feel deeply grateful for the support you are giving me. You have my sincere appreciation. Senator Bacon was a self-immolated martyr to his offi- cial duty. During the last week that he was at the Capitol in the discharge of his labors an insidious fever had seized upon him and he should have been at home in his bed, particularly as the earth was covered with a heavy mantle of snow, sleet was falling, and all weather conditions were very bad. But so anxious was he to have certain important treaty matters reported out of the committee to the Senate that he held three meet- ings of the Committee on Foreign Relations on three sepa- rate days that week, and the desired action in regard to the treaties was taken, and the report was made by Senator Bacon to the Senate. The third and last meeting was held on Friday. On leaving his office that afternoon, at the close of the Senate's session, Senator Bacon re- marked that his fever was quite high and he apprehended he would be unable to be at the Capitol the following day. He never returned, save when his lifeless body was borne into the Senate Chamber about two weeks later for the funeral obsequies. Senator Bacon was qualified for the prompt and intel- ligent consideration of every governmental question which was presented for his action. He was possessed of [95] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon a learning which richly entitled him to the credit of a scholar. He was well grounded in the fundamental prin- ciples upon which rest the laws which he was called upon to efl'ect by legislation. He was versed in the whole science of political economy. He was perfectly familiar with the history of his own land, and in this way had that knowledge requisite for a proper understanding and appreciation of the institutions and laws of his country. Consequently, he took active part in the discussions of every great subject that came before the Senate during his remarkable career of 19 years. There is scarcely a number of the Congressional Record in that time that does not contain the evidences of his work. His speeches covered a wide range of topics. They embraced every momentous subject affecting the growth, development, and prosperity of the whole country and contributing to the peace, contentment, and happiness of all the people. While he was forceful, logical, illuminat- ing, and informing at all times, whether discussing the tariff', currency, railroad rates, and postal affairs or de- bating the rights of the Senate, election of Senators by popular vote, agriculture, commerce, and education, he was never more potent, earnest, lucid, and interesting than when arguing constitutional questions and matters of international law and foreign relations. His speeches on these three last-named subjects showed the acute mind and the farseeing eye, and not only made their impress upon the Senate and throughout this country, but at- tracted marked attention across the seas. One of his memorable speeches was delivered on a resolution introduced by him "declaring the purpose of the United States not permanently to retain the Philip- pine Islands, but to give the people thereof their liberty." This effort was an oration which recalled " the first race of American statesmen." This Nation and foreign lands [96] Tribute of Mr. John T. Boifeuillet became deeply engrossed in the discussion which the proposition provoked. Amid intense interest the vote was taken on the resolution, and it resulted in a tie. The Vice President cast his vote in opposition, and the reso- lution was lost. One of the first intellects in this Republic to-day is former Senator Spooner, of Wisconsin. He has achieved eminence at the bar and won distinction in the public service. When in the Senate he was a man of mark and power. He and Senator Bacon often met in intel- lectual contest in that great field of oratorical triumphs. Referring to a debate which occurred between them in February, 1906, the Hartford (Conn.) Courant made the following complimentary and interesting editorial com- ment: Take down an old volume of the Congressional Globe and read one of the debates on foreign affairs in which Lewis Cass and John M. Clayton were pitted against each other — for instance, the debate (famous in its time) on the merits of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty. Then take Monday's Congressional Record and read the report therein of the debate between Mr. Bacon, of Georgia, and Mr. Spooner, of Wisconsin, on the constitutional powers of the President and Senate in treaty making. It would be scant praise to say that the Bacon-Spooner debate is the more readable of the two. For intellectual vigor, grip of the matter in hand, compact- ness and lucidity in statement, brisk alertness in the give and take of dialectic fence, and last, but not least, good English, the Bacon-Spooner debate is the abler of the two. Daniel Webster would have listened to every word of it attentively, with keen interest and pleasure; Calhoun and Clay also. In speaking, Senator Bacon seldom left the lines of logical argument and philosophical reasoning, but at times he would employ pathos, love, and beauty as mes- sengers to men's hearts. There was in his nature a touch of the tenderest sentiment. In closing his remarks in the Senate on the resolution to establish a "Mother's 87634°— 15 7 [97] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Day," and to observe it by wearing a white flower, he said: Mr. President, unfortunately for me, a white rose will not bring back to me the memory of my mother, for I have no memory of her. I was not a year old when she died. But I would wear it, Mr. President, not because of danger that I would forget I owe to her my life, but because I would be glad of the opportunity to manifest the fact that although I do not remember ever to have seen her, I have always loved her memory. It may be pathetically remarked in this connection that Senator Bacon's father died several months before the Senator was born. The Senate is an unsurpassed field for the display of genuine talent. Here Senator Bacon's genius was in its first action. He had an " iron memory," and such were the resources of his mind and so abounding was the wealth of his information that he delivered his great speeches without the use of manuscript. During the long period I was connected with him I never knew him to pre- pare in writing any of his notable efforts. The only pages which he had were " the leaves which he tore out from the vast volume of his mind." Nature had smoothed a channel for his thoughts, and his ideas easily flowed in clear streams. He delivered exhaustive arguments on the tariff and finance, spoke elaborately on profound matters of law, and discussed momentous affairs of state without a moment's preparation, speaking entirely im- promptu, on the impulse of the instant. Yet his pres- entation of the subject was like a brilliant panorama — everything had been made clear and visible to the sight and understanding. He delivered more than 50 able and strong extempo- raneous addresses, which, if they had been made by many other men, would have been " set speeches," pre- [98] Tribute of Mr. John T. Boifeuillet pared after great effort and long time, reduced to writing, and spoken from manuscript. The march of his mind through his subject was daunt- less and resistless — the triumphal progress of King Thought. When he arose to speak Senators gave instant and close attention and visitors in the galleries manifested the keenest interest. Everyone had a listening ear. Senator Bacon always took position immediately at his desk while speaking. Neither his own zeal nor the ex- citement of others caused him to move away from this accustomed place. He stood a Saul among Titans. Like some gigantic oak in the forest, he towered among his fellows, unshakingly facing the storm of debate, un- swayed by the winds of passion, and calmly surveying the scene when the rushing turbulence of the hour had subsided. As he faced an opponent in discussion he bore the unclouded brow and noble mien of the highest type of statesman. His imposing presence carried with it the innate dignity of command which "girded him as with a sword of power." His inherent courtesy and courtli- ness won cheerful homage. Senator Bacon loved truth — that essence of the highest manhood, that indestructible power whose victories are "hymned by harps which are strung to the glories of the skies" and, like God Himself, lives on and on, "the same yesterday, to-day, and forever." During the many years I was associated with Senator Bacon I never heard him prevaricate or equivocate in the slightest degree to any person, and at no time did he ever temporize with or deceive or mislead anyone who sought his personal aid or official assistance. He was not of those that "keep the word of promise to our ear, and break it to our hope." He was a striking model of candor and frankness. [99] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Truth and sincerity ran like silver currents through his nature. Senator Bacon believed in the existence of a Supreme Ruler, who sits upon a throne past which the waves of ages have rolled, to whom all nature bows, who made all worlds, and controls the destiny of all created things. He believed that man was born for a higher purpose than that of earth and at the close of his mortal life was not to sink into everlasting darkness and nothingness, but would live again in the unclouded brightness of the celes- tial regions beyond the stars. That such was his belief, and that he placed a tender reliance on the mercies of the Almighty, is shown by these opening and impressive words in his last will and testament, written with his own hand something more than a year before he died: I commit my soul to God, in the humble hope that in spite of my many weaknesses, imperfections, faults, and misdeeds, I shall be reunited in a happy immortality with my kindred and friends, and particularly with the members of my immediate family, to whose happiness and welfare my life has been gladly and unsparingly devoted. May we not fondly hope that he has already had a joy- ous meeting in the realms of the blessed with those loved beings who preceded him to the voiceless land, and that his dear ones now on earth, when they have crossed over the river, shall dwell with him eternally on the shining and peaceful shores? I fervently pray that when the final summons comes that takes us from these earthly scenes we shall be reunited with him in that wondrous sphere where chant the white-winged angels of glory, and there "bask forever in the sunshine of the love of God." With us his name shall live Through long succeeding years, Embalmed with all our hearts can give, Our praises and our tears. [100] Address of Mr. Parker, of New Jersey Mr. Speaker: No one ever really knew Senator Bacon without becoming his friend. There was a simplicity about his character that was winning. Of all the states- men I have ever known, he tried most to live the simple life, without ostentation, without show, and yet his pres- ence was desired wherever it could be obtained. He was so kind and so loyal; he was so devoted to what he thought were the duties of his high office; he had such a strong feeling of the independence of Congress and of the duty of every Member to do as he thought right, to vote as he thought, right, and to maintain the rights of Congress against all attack or invasion. I remember well when it was proposed that a commis- sion should be appointed, two by the President, two from the Senate, and two from the House, that in conference and on the floor in the Senate he absolutely insisted that the report of that commission should be made to the Congress and not to the President; and agreement was impossible until I finally suggested, and he adopted the suggestion, that as a part of the members had been ap- pointed by the President, the commission should report to Congress through the President. I give this only as an example of his earnestness in what he thought was necessary. He was a great constitutional lawyer. He loved the Constitution as it came to us from our forefathers. He loved it with all his heart and soul, and was ready to fight for it in the Senate at all times, as well as for the rights of the States under the Constitution. [101] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon But I have got away from what I meant to say. I meant to speak more of the man, of the warmth of his affection for those whom he loved, of the warmth of the affection which he inspired in those who knew him, and of his absolute freedom from any of those personal ambitions or personal rancors which would at all impair the value of such a friendship. Not only in the warmth but in the absolute loyalty of his affection for his friends he was almost unique. He was greatly beloved, and his death was felt as a loss, not only by men of all parties, but by a wide circle of friends throughout the whole United States. [102] Address of Mr. Lee, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: In the death of Senator Bacon the people of the whole country, no less than the people of Georgia, suffered an immeasurable loss. He was in the fullest sense of the word a Senator of the United States. His mental vision reached to the farthest horizon of the Re- public's needs and powers. He was as jealous of his country's honor and greatness as of the honor and great- ness of the State whose commission he held. He was as passionately devoted in his service to both as so knightly a champion of right and justice and purest love of coun- try could be. To us of Georgia his untimely death came with a shock of a personal grief, for we had seen him rise step by step to the high pinnacle of renown on which he stood when death called him. And so, when he was laid to rest amid the whispering trees of Macon's beauti- ful " garden of peace," all the people of his beloved State breathed benedictions on his grave. Mr. Bacon hardly knew parental love. His father died before he was born and his mother when he was but a year old. He was reared by his grandmother, and under her guidance he passed the earliest years of his life. After passing through the public schools of his county he entered the University of Georgia when but 16 years of age. By that institution several academic degrees were conferred upon him — the last one that of doctor of laws, bestowed upon him in 1909. For many years and up to the time of his death he was a trustee of the university. In less than a year after his graduation he entered the Confederate Army, and at the close of the war was mus- [103] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon tered out with the rank of captain. Immediately he re- sumed his legal studies, and entered upon the practice of the law in Macon. His natural talents and eminent attainments rapidly secured for him a high rank in the profession and also drew the attention of his neighbors to his fitness in the arena of politics. Thus it came that for 14 years he served in the Georgia House of Representatives, and for 10 years of that period presided as speaker over the de- liberations of that body. In 1894 he was elected a Sena- tor of the United States. His service in that body ex- tended over 19 years. He died after the first year of his fourth term, for which latter he was chosen by the unani- mous vote of the people of Georgia at the first election held under the mandate of the seventeenth amendment to the Constitution. In the Senate he soon took rank with the ablest of his colleagues. At the time of his death he was chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and, besides, a member of the Committees on Judiciary, Rules, Rail- roads, Private Land Claims, and Expenditures in the Post Office Department. On all of these he distinguished himself by unflagging application to the work in hand and his great acumen in determining the real merits in each particular case. It was, however, as member and chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations that he found his most congenial work, because from his youth he had been a close student of history and the lessons it teaches. His .judgment was rarely at fault, and was highly esteemed by his associates. Just as he was exemplary in his committee service, so he was in his attendance and work in the Senate Cham- ber. He gave to all questions the closest attention and scrutiny. The pages of the Congressional Record bear evidence of his fidelity to the best interests of the Re- [104] Address of Mr. Lee, of Georgia public. No debate on an important subject occurred but he had a part in it. Mr. Bacon was not an ornate speaker. He did not seek to dazzle his audience with great flights of oratory or entertain them by relation of anecdotes and witty sayings. His speeches are marked more by pro- found reasoning and lucidity of deduction than by bril- liancy of form. His mental resources were apparently inexhaustible. He was never at a loss for illustration or precedent. In every debate in which he engaged he had his facts marshaled in orderly array; nor was the con- tinuity of his argument ever disturbed by the most in- genious or seductive artifices of opposing speakers. Mr. Bacon's mental integrity showed brightly in every- thing he said, as it did in every act of his life. He could no more lend voice or vote to anything to which he could not give whole-hearted support than he could have done an outright unjust act. His action had to square in every instance with his truest convictions. With these he could not palter. If ever I knew a man who lived up to the noble counsel given by Polonius to his son — To thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man — That man was Augustus Bacon. Mr. Bacon was true to the best traditions of the Demo- cratic Party. He frowned upon the acquisition of colo- nial possessions, of territory lying outside of and beyond the borders of the United States. He was a "strict con- structionist" in the best sense of those words as applied to an interpretation of the letter and spirit of the Con- stitution. During his service in the Senate he partici- pated in two great tariff debates — those on the Dingley bill in 1900 and again on the Payne-Aldrich bill nine years later. His thorough understanding of economic [105] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon principles and his keen analysis of the details of the various schedules were a new revelation of the powers of his intellect even to those who thought they had gauged his mental gifts to the fullest extent. His speeches are among the most notable contributions to the history of those enactments. It would carry me too far afield, Mr. Speaker, if I were to attempt to recount in all their bearings and aspects the many achievements of this distinguished Georgian. My feeble tribute to his memory embraces the broad sweep of his whole public life. In that he has erected his own enduring monument, for no history of the Senate of the United States for the two decades of his activity there can be written which will not assign one of the most conspicuous pages to his work. Mr. Bacon was thought by many to be austere and un- sociable. This was a false estimate of his nature. It is true that while he was at all times courteous to those who approached him, there were comparatively few privileged to penetrate to the sanctuary of his inner self. To these few, however, he disclosed the full charm of as gentle a heart as ever beat in a man's breast, and upon them he lavished in unstinted measure the treasures of his well- stored mind. Himself chastened by great sorrow, his sympathy went out to others tried in the fiery furnace. Where gentle solace could give comfort he bestowed it freely, nor did the needy ever appeal to him in vain. No Senator was ever held in greater respect by all his col- leagues; none more affectionately regarded by those who came into closer contact with him. When Augustus Bacon answered the final roll call he had passed the scriptural age of three score and ten years. The grim reaper had no terrors for him. He had led a noble, pure, and upright life. [106] Address of Mr. Mann, of Illinois Mr. Speaker: It is in no sense a lack of appreciation of the abilities and services of those who have succeeded Senator Bacon to say that at this critical situation in the world's history we would very much appreciate now if we had his services and his wise counsel. When he passed away he was chairman of the great Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and I do not doubt that both the President and the Senators and this House and all the country would be glad if they could enjoy his advice and his counsel as Senator and as chairman of that committee which has more to do with our foreign relations than any other committee of Congress. Senator Bacon was a Senator who believed in orderly procedure. He was well versed in parliamentary law and procedure and believed it were wiser to follow the orderly procedure of legislative bodies, and he always insisted that that should be done. However, I knew Senator Bacon better, I think, because I served with him on the Board of Regents of the Smith- sonian Institution for a number of years. The Chief Justice of the United States, the Vice President of the United States, were members of that body. There were Senator Cullom, Senator Lodge, and Senator Bacon, Members from the Senate. There were Mr. Howard, of Georgia, from the House, Mr. Dalzell from the House, and myself, upon the board, besides a number of distin- guished citizens who had been elected by Congress as Regents. And among these men, most of them of strong force and great prominence, the advice and counsel of Senator [107] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Bacon was always sought, and his advice was usually followed. We became rather strong friends on that board. Senator Bacon when you reached him had a most genial heart and manner. I remember that only a few days before he died, I think possibly almost the last time when he attended the Senate, we met out here on the plaza, I coming one way and he going to the Senate the other way. It always has touched me rather deeply that at that time he was expressing a desire to do something for me personally, which he did do. It is not necessary now to say what it was, but when I heard of his illness, and, then, shortly after, of his death, immediately follow- ing this occurrence, where he had gone out of his way considerably to do me a personal favor, it touched me more deeply than almost any other occasion of my re- cent life. Georgia has been very eminent in the history of our country. Georgia has reason to be proud and grateful that she had an opportunity and took the occasion to send to the Senate of the United States a man like Senator Bacon, who exercised such a strong influence in the right direction upon the history and progress of our country. [108] Address of Mr. Ferris, of Oklahoma Mr. Speaker: When Senator Augustus O. Bacon was overtaken by the grim reaper he had reached his seventy-fifth year. Each day of this more than the aver- age tenure of life had been active; each day he had stood out among his fellow men as a sturdy oak in the prime- val forest. Death always comes too soon, but when we recount the activities, the sterling qualities of this most remarkable man it intensifies a truth that is axiomatic. Being myself a Member of the lower branch of the Congress and not being a usual frequenter of the Senate, I can not even yet as I enter the door of yonder Chamber but look about me in bewilderment and think " Where is Senator Bacon? " My second thought reminds me that he is called home to his reward, that he has crossed the river to rest under the shade of yonder tree, and then, even though I be a resident of a State far removed from Geor- gia, even though a Member of another branch of the Congress, and even though a Member much his junior in years, each time I pause and think of the loss sustained. It was my pleasure to meet Senator BacoSt when I first came to Congress upon the admission of our new State into the Union, and while I look back at that time and observe my inexperience, inefficiency, I can not but recall' the tenderness, sincerity, and patience always accorded me by this most remarkable man. It almost seemed to me that my cares became his cares; it almost seemed to me that my shortcomings vanished and passed away and he supplanted in their stead hope of accomplishment and success in the end. Later, the distinguished Speaker of the American House of Bepresentatives — Speaker [109] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Champ Clark — upon our coming into power at the House end of the Capitol in 1910, honored me by appointing me a member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. For almost four years it was my pleasure to sit as a member of the Board of Regents from the House with Senator Bacon as a member of that body from the Senate of the United States. During the last three years of his life Senator Bacon was a member of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, and played an important and forceful part in directing the destiny of the great institution. This service on that board enabled me to know intimately the real worth of Senator Bacon. This intimate acquaint- ance enables me to speak more feelingly upon this oc- casion than I otherwise could. This coming in close con- tact with Senator Bacon enables me to understand why he was recognized everywhere as a valiant, brilliant, cou- rageous soldier, a brilliant and successful lawyer, a states- man in all the term implies, and yea, even more than this, he was a man. This gifted and brilliant son of Georgia will be missed in the Senate of the United States perhaps longer than any Senator who has departed that body in the last generation. Senator Bacon's death was a distinct loss to Georgia, the Congress, and the Nation. The Congress of the United States did what it had seldom done before — accorded Senator Bacon a congres- sional funeral held in the Senate Chamber in the Capitol of the United States. I was appointed as a member of the funeral committee which journeyed to Georgia and paid our last sad respect to this most distinguished Senator. I shall always remember that day. Georgia, with her warm-hearted people, did not bow their heads singly but collectively in tender reverence and respect to his mem- ory. All day the body of this giant oak lay in state at the Georgia capitol in Atlanta, and there in that beauti- [110] Address of Mr. Ferris, of Oklahoma ful southern city was every head bared in grief and affection for Senator Bacon. Even a more touching scene was presented when the funeral train reached his home city of Macon. There, from the humblest to the greatest, all in accord, bowed their heads in tender reverence to the life of a public man who had honored the name of Georgia, had honored the name of Macon. Macon is a city with broad streets beautifully arranged. It fairly seemed to me it was the only place that the dig- nified Senator could possibly have lived. While it is true Senator Bacon was a soldier and a southerner in all the term implies, still he was of re- markably broad vision and free from the narrowness that might have been expected from one who had suffered the hardships of strife during the earlier and impression- able years when the Civil War occurred. Though the war and the results dealt havoc, destitution, and hard- ship upon the South, Senator Bacon was remarkably free from bitterness and partisanship that emaciates and en- feebles any cause, any Senator, any Congressman, or any citizen. Senator Bacon did not live in the past but in the future. His face was ever turned toward the rising rather than toward the setting sun; he was all the South expected him to be in breadth of character and vision; he was more generous and charitable than the North could realize; he was a man who refused to be narrowed by hardships, but preferred to believe that he was the greatest who bore the greatest burdens, and Senator Bacon never shirked or failed to bear his part. He was a true friend of the South not alone in empty protesta- tions of affection but in real service actually rendered. He, by his sturdy character, untiring energy, and well- poised disposition, was able to beget respect and affection for the South when its load was almost heavier than it [111] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon could bear. No detail of Government business was too small to have his patriotic and dignified attention. While it is true he paused and gave heed to form and asked and sought and accomplished the correct way, still it was not at the expense of substance; neither did he ever allow it to supersede or override principle. It was merely a trait in the life of Senator Bacon which begot for him poise, good judgment, sound sense, and enabled him to be well and forcibly referred to as the safest counselor in all that great body. Senator Bacon's long and faithful service on the Com- mittee on Foreign Relations and his promotion to the chairmanship of that greatest of great committees has left its lasting imprint upon the Congress of the United States, and has made us all realize how closely he was related to the very pulsations of the heart of the Nation and functions with which that great committee had to deal. It is the committee that plays an important part in guiding us and keeping us in peace with all the world; it is the committee which to-day plays its full part in permitting us to be a peaceful, law-abiding, ambitious, progressive Republic without entanglements, embroil- ments, or embarrassing conditions. What Senator, what Congressman, would not be proud to look forward to the time when he could occupy this dignified and deli- cate role? Georgia has in the past and will in the future send many able and gifted sons to the Congress of the United States, but when did she heretofore and when will she again send us another Senator Bacon? No finer type of a true southern gentleman with dignity and poise will soon appear upon the battle field of American politics. No Senator from the North or the South will soon attend this body and lend more consecrated service to his own constituency or the Republic itself than did the late [112] Address of Mr. Ferris, of Oklahoma lamented Senator Bacon. The dread reaper has called him, as it will call us all, but it generously spared him long enough to permit him to leave in the sands of time footprints that will not soon be effaced or erased. I re- peat, he was left with us long enough to leave a lasting imprint of his work and his greatness upon the Congress indelibly inscribed upon the hearts of his colleagues, Vhe citizens of Georgia, and the Republic. As we recount the accomplishments of his busy life during the three-quarters of a century, and as we observe him standing for justice and the right to the very end, can anyone in thoughtfulness truly say that all is ended with the grave, and can anyone bring logic to bear that will teach us there is no future? No; I can not believe it; I do not believe it. To so believe belies our reason, our observation, and our every thought of serious things. Senator Bacon was a soldier; he was a statesman; he was a man. The legacy he left behind him was not a local one to the few but a common legacy to all. It will endure long after our poor words spoken of his memory here to-day are disintegrated from the pages upon which they are written. 87634°— 15 8 [113] Address of Mr. Edwards, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: Much has been said of the late Senator A. O. Bacon's long and distinguished services to his State and country. I feel that I can add but little, if anything, to this sad and impressive service, yet my affection for him and my admiration for his ability and character prompt me to say a few words. Senator Bacon was one of Georgia's greatest sons and one of the ablest men who ever occupied a seat in the United States Senate. Almost from the time he first entered the Senate, in 1895, to the time of his death, he was regarded and generally recognized as one of the towering intellects of that great body of distinguished men. Senator Bacon was born October 20, 1839, in Bryan County, Ga. He attended school in Liberty and Troup Counties, Ga., where much of his boyhood was spent. From his infancy he was an orphan. He made his own way in the world and won the high honors that came to him by his own efforts and upon his own merits. In his early manhood he recognized the necessity of a college education, so he attended the State University of Georgia, from which he graduated with honors in 1859. He graduated from the law department of this same in- stitution in 1860. He entered the Confederate Army at the beginning of the War between the States and served during the campaigns of 1861-62 as adjutant of the Ninth Georgia Regiment in the Army of Northern Virginia and was subsequently commissioned captain in the provi- sional army of the Confederacy and assigned to general staff duty. At the close of that unfortunate war he re- [114] Address of Mr. Edwards, of Georgia sumed the study of law and began practice in 1866 in Macon, Ga. In war and in peace he was ever at the service of his State. He was repeatedly chosen a delegate to the State Democratic conventions. He was a strong Democrat, and believed in and advocated the principles of Jeffersonian Democracy of the purest strain. There is nothing in his long public career to the contrary. The people of his county, who had an opportunity to know him best, had every confidence in him. They elected him to the Georgia House of Representatives, where he served with marked ability from 1871 to 1886. In the Georgia house his worth was recognized and he was made speaker pro tempore two terms and served as speaker for eight years. His record in the Georgia Legislature, like his record in the United States Senate, was one of distinct service to the public. He was a slave to duty and never let anything interfere with the per- formance of his public duties. He was a conspicuous figure for years in public affairs and in politics in Georgia before his election to the United States Senate. He was several times a candidate for governor of his State, and in 1883 in the Democratic convention he missed the nomi- nation for governor by only one vote. The Democratic nomination in Georgia for many years back meant the election of the nominee, which I am happy to add is still the case in that good old Democratic Commonwealth. The ambition of his life was to be a United States Senator. His ambition was first to be governor of Georgia and then represent his State in the United States Senate. In 1894 he was elected to the United States Senate and took his seat in that great body on March 4, 1895. He was reelected in 1900. With a firm grip he merited and held the esteem and confidence of his fel- low citizens, and in 1907 he was again elected. As a still [115] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon further evidence of their continued and unbroken confi- dence in Georgia's greatest son of that time, his fellow Georgians not long before his death again elected him. By general State primary in 1913 he was nominated for election to the term expiring March 3, 1919. His last election was the first to elect a United States Senator by a direct vote of the people. His service was a continuous and unbroken one in the United States Senate from March 4, 1895, to the time of his death, on February 14, 1914. It was a long, able, patriotic, and useful service. He had great power and influence in the Senate, of which body he was for a while President pro tempore. Senator Bacon was a great lawyer. He was a hard worker. He was a recognized authority upon parlia- mentary procedure and upon constitutional questions. He had long been a student and a defender of the Con- stitution. He was also recognized as an authority on questions of foreign affairs and foreign relations. The funeral ceremonies, held in the Chamber of the Senate, attended by the greatest men of this country and by representatives of many foreign countries, evidenced the esteem in which he was held at the National Capital, where he had labored so long, so faithfully, and so well. His death was a great loss to his relatives and friends and to his State and country. His successes, by his own efforts, should be an inspira- tion to every American boy. It shows what can be ac- complished by one who prepares for life and then keeps his life free from blemish. Senator Bacon was a true southern gentleman — cour- teous, kindly, brave, the very soul of honor. He hated hypocrisy. He loved frankness, candor, and sincerity. The words spoken here to-day are not flattery. They are merited by a long and honorable record which is without stain. For weeks he had not been well, and his [116] Address of Mr. Edwards, of Georgia work here was carried on in the face of difficulties which would have discouraged a less courageous man. But he did not flinch, and he never inflicted his troubles upon his friends. The passing years will show more and more clearly how great is the country's loss. He represented with absolute fidelity a noble and devoted constituency, which will ever hold in grateful remembrance this manly and useful life. Nothing is here for tears, nothing to wail Or knock the breast, no weakness, no contempt, Dispraise or blame — nothing but well and fair; And what may quiet us in a death so noble. [117] Address of Mr. Hughes, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: The people of this Union know the dis- tinguished record of Senator Bacon, for he was a national figure. He was a statesman of rare ability, endowed with a brilliant intellect, educated, cultured, and trained in parliamentary usages, admirably equipped to stand sponsor for a great people. He stood second to no one in the Senate of the United States. In his death Georgia lost one of her noblest and most gifted sons, the Nation a legislator whose scrupulous honesty and unusual ability inspired an international confidence and respect. But it is not of his illustrious achievements that I wish to speak to-day, for his colleagues in the Senate and those who have preceded me here to-day have paid eloquent tribute to his honorable service. It is as a friend that I wish to offer my humble tribute of love and respect, for great as the loss I feel Georgia and the Nation have sus- tained in his death, it is chiefly as a departed friend that I mourn him. In those dark and terrible days of reconstruction, when every light of hope was dimmed and the whole Southland was shrouded in sorrow and despair, I first saw Mr. Bacon, a young man of commanding figure, faultlessly attired, with a long, wavy silken beard. He had come to the county seat of my native county, Twiggs, then a part of his congressional district, in company with many of the State's most beloved sons, to address the people of the county on the issues of the day. It was one of the first political meetings after the close of the great War between the States. Fresh from the conflict, where his lot had been cast with the losing side, he had [118] Address of Mr. Hughes, of Georgia come that day to inspire hope in a struggle that seemed hopeless, pointing the way in the new era that was upon us. In the great assemblage he faced on that occasion were men who a few short years before had left their large landed estates, where they enjoyed every comfort with a retinue of servants at their bidding, for the fields of battle, and had returned but yesterday to find their homes in ashes, their fields in idle waste, and a revolu- tionized economic system. It was a mighty task young Bacon faced that day, and masterly did he meet it. He was equal to the emergency. Unknown save as a gallant young soldier, his words were so logical and his prophe- cies so convincing that his powerful oratory laid hold on his hearers and they found hope in the dark and im- penetrable future. His speech was an inspiration to the young men and a comfort and consolation to those of declining years and lost fortunes on that eventful day in Georgia's history. Speaking with some of the leaders of that epochal period, young Bacon won the confidence and respect of those who heard him. Everyone present was impressed with the careful preparation and thorough knowledge which marked his speech. His words that day were prophetic, and he lived to see Georgia rise again to wealth and power and greatness in this indissoluble Union of States. When I was presented to him by my father I felt that I had met a man rather unbending, who stood upon a plane difficult to approach, but in that meeting was the beginning of an acquaintance which soon ripened into a close personal friendship that was intensified by each passing year and continued throughout his life. His general bearing at a casual meeting was aristocratic and aloof, but when you knew him well you found him genial, generous, and lovable, a man with the noblest impulses and with a heart as warm and true as ever beat [119] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon within the breast of man. He knew neither guile nor deceit. He was a courageous and honest man. I never knew a man with a finer sense of honor in his business affairs than characterized Senator Bacon. He judged men by their conduct in small transactions in which rested big principles. It was the intent that he weighed, and he always resented injustice in trivial mat- ters, for he considered them as indexes to the human character. Incidents of this kind caused him to be mis- understood and criticized, but if you knew the man you knew him to be just and broad minded. I feel that I should speak here of an incident with which I am per- sonally familiar, to show the real nobility of the man. A friend of his, who was one of the original projectors of a new railroad, employed him to defend the charter rights of the railway company, and upon the decision in the case depended the success or failure of an impor- tant enterprise in Georgia's development. He was paid a retainer of $500 by this gentleman. With his great legal skill he fought the case to a successful conclusion. Mr. Bacon presented a bill of $5,000 to the president of the company, who advised him that the charter was to be defended by the man who had employed him and not by the railroad company. The Senator's friend called at his office to pay the balance of the fee. Mr. Bacon asked his friend if it was true that he was individually responsible, and when he received an affirmative answer he asked for the bill he had rendered and tore it into shreds, remarking that the account was settled. The man tendered him a check to cover the balance of the fee, but the distinguished lawyer refused it, saying that it would be an injustice for his friend to pay it and that that ended the matter. It did. Senator Bacon was incapable of doing what he consid- ered an injustice. He was a big man, of big heart, big [120] Address of Mr. Hughes, of Georgia brain, and noble impulses. There was not an atom of littleness in him. While he devoted the greater part of his time to the practice of law Senator Bacon gave much of his work to the upbuilding of his State, and was ever a prominent figure in the political arena. He possessed untiring en- ergy and was a diligent student. He was one of the most eminent lawyers Georgia has ever given to the Nation, and while he was actively engaged in the practice of law he was employed in practically every great litigation in the State. In his political life he was frank and outspoken. It was his belief that a candidate should stand upon prin- ciples, and there was never any difficulty in finding where he stood on public questions. Few men were ever better equipped for the duties of a statesman, none more sincere and honest. It was but natural that his State should call him to many public offices and finally crown his political life with a commission to the Senate of the United States. It is with a feeling of deep personal loss that I say these last few words in memory of my friend, whose nobility of character will ever be an inspiration to the youth of the Nation, whose life is worthy of the highest emulation. [1211 Address of Mr. Vollmer, of Iowa Mr. Speaker: I esteem it as one of the greatest honors that has come to me during my short service in this House to be invited by the Georgia delegation to voice my senti- ments on this solemn occasion. A great Senator from a great State has answered the last roll call. The span of my entire life would not measure in period of duration the length of his public service. I was born in Iowa two years after the close of the War between the States in which he fought. In my early childhood, that period when the mind receives its most lasting impressions, the reverberations of that mighty conflict had not yet died away, and one might have expected that I would have been permanently affected by influences hostile to the South and southern men. But, on the contrary, I early became a violent par- tisan, not of their cause but of them personally. I be- lieved, and I still believe, that it was best that they were defeated and the Union preserved; but when the great story of their exploits was first told to me my boyish heart went out to Lee and Jackson and those tattered gray battalions who won, not victory, but glory, tran- scendent and imperishable, by heroism rarely equaled and never excelled. I remember with pleasure how in that early day I idealized your State. Its very name came to my ear like music. I thought of it, and think so still, as the home of brave men and beautiful women, of chivalry and courage, of gracious manners, and of every generous instinct of the human heart; as a land favored by the smiles of Providence, where "the cotton whitens beneath the stars and by day the wheat locks the sunshine in its bearded sheaf." [122] Address of Mr. Vollmer, of Iowa Why, out of that devoted sisterhood of the lost cause, I should have set my heart upon your State more than another I can not tell, unless its strange explanation be found in the following curious fact. At that time in the Middle West the victory in which our section had had so large a share was still causing great swelling waves of triumphant emotion. By screaming fife and rattling drum, by brass band or soldiers' chorus, by every possible instrumentality, at all times and in all places, we were entertained with " Marching Through Georgia." Thank God, that in the metamorphosis caused by time this is no longer the barbaric paean of triumph over a noble foe! And I may add that now your own "Dixie" is cheered quite as much in the North. But even at that early age I glimpsed what it must have meant to you. We of the North want you of the South to erase from the tablets of memory the horrible thing out of which it grew! It should cause all of us Americans at this day to judge with less intolerance other acts of military necessity and not to indulge in too much canting hypocrisy about war and its atrocities when charged to some other people that may not be much worse than we are. Pardon these reflections, by the way, which are per- haps not altogether out of place here. Some one has said : We are as ships that pass in the night, that speak to each other a moment in darkness and then pass on. And when one of the great ones of the race passes on we are shocked out of our cold isolation; we instinctively seek for and extend the hand of sympathy and reveal ourselves in our innermost natures more plainly to each other than at any other time. Senator Bacon's life and works epitomize a remarkable chapter in history. After the Civil War, when the South, " like Niobe, all tears," sorrowing over her children, sat [123] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon among the ashes of her ruined industries and blackened hearthstones, when a more terrible problem than the war itself came with reconstruction, he did his part bravely, patiently, and untiringly to lift her up on her feet again and to save white civilization from the shadow of an awful impending danger. Misunderstood as it was at first by the people of the North, I believe that to-day that section is almost unanimous in the desire to let the South work out the race problem for herself in the light of her greater familiarity and better understanding and more vital interest. A great lawyer, Mr. Bacon was soon called to give his State the benefit of his professional training and great ability in the capacity of a lawmaker; and in many years of distinguished service in her legislature he helped her to pass through this the most trying period of her history. Providence smiled upon his labors and of those of his compatriots. Out of the ashes of the old, like the fabled bird of Greek mythology, the new South arose in all its present splendor and gorgeous future promise and soon its message came to us, borne on the voice of the im- mortal Grady, like accents of divine revelation. We heard and we believed. For 19 long years Georgia sent Mr. Bacon to the greatest representative parliament this world has ever seen, and for this long period and until death called him from his unremitting labors he here served his country with as great love and loyalty as his State. Oh, how more power- ful is love than hatred, for it has produced this miracle of accomplished fact, a union of hearts and common aspirations, of patriotism that knows no dividing line, a solemn compact sealed with the mingled blood of the sons of those who wore the gray and of those who wore the blue on battle fields 10,000 miles apart, from Santiago to Manila, and again on the burning sands of Vera Cruz. [124] Address of Mr. Vollmer, of Iowa And not less has it been cemented by the labors of peace under this splendid dome, joined in whole-heartedly by men from both sides of what was once known as Mason and Dixon's line. Here Puritan and Cavalier, native and foreign born, those of ancient and those of more recent lineage, all merge in the greatest of all human titles of nobility — American citizenship. " Kings and emperors " may well " gaze and marvel " at the wondrous spectacle here and now presented, of a free, self-governing people, saluting, living under, and willing to die for one flag — the most beautiful on earth — and working in harmony for a better, cleaner, freer humanity in the New World, while the civilization of the Old World seems to be sinking in a bottomless sea of blood. Senator Bacon believed in the Constitution of the fathers. He appreciated the wisdom of those checks and balances, so irksome to impatient radicals, which pre- vent it from being what Macaulay said it was, "All sail and no anchor"; which bar the way alike to the confis- catory zeal of State socialism and the blind fanaticism of those who would enthrone the mob as a more absolute tyrant than any autocrat in Europe. He believed in the division of Federal powers from the reserved rights of the States. He believed in the American doctrine of local self-government. He believed in the great mission of our country among the nations of the earth, and he would not be seduced from loyal adherence to these sub- lime ideals of national duty and democracy and of the justice of government based on the consent of the gov- erned. He could not be tempted to leave the solid ground of the principles established by the founders of this Government to follow that will-o'-the-wisp — con- quest in distant seas and world-wide dominion — which lures Republics into the treacherous bog of im- perialism. [125] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon I presume he had to suffer at times, as all of us do, from envy and malice and all uncharitableness; and that he shared in the common lot of those in public station to be misrepresented and misunderstood. The loftiest mountains are covered with ice and snow; He who surpasses or subdues mankind must look down on the hate of those below; Though high above the sun of glory glow, round him are icy peaks, And on his head blow rude contending blasts which thus reward The toil that to those summits led. And yet his was a glorious career, for so long a period of time, in the words of the poet — The applause of listening senate to command, The threat of pain and ruin to despise, To scatter plenty o'er a smiling land, And read your history in a nation's eyes. Mr. Speaker, on the honor roll of those who in their lives and works contributed much to the production of our present reunited American commonwealth — perhaps the happiest and most fortunate result of the evolution of human affairs that has been brought about in all the tide of time — the name of Augustus Octavius Bacon, Senator from the State of Georgia, will shine out in char- acters of living light for the reverent regard of genera- tions yet unborn. [126] Address of Mr. Howard, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: Senator Augustus Octavius Bacon was my close kinsman, our mothers were sisters, and I loved him with tenderest affection. In my boyhood, my young manhood, and in my ma- turer years he was my counselor, my true friend, my godfather. So long as life in me exists I shall revere his memory and strive to emulate his life in all things. The imperial State of Georgia delighted in showering her rarest honors upon him; and when God called him, and all Georgia bowed her head in unutterable grief, the tender and consoling words of Myrta Lockett Avary, a Georgia woman, expressed Georgia's love and admira- tion for him who had served her with such distinction and so faithfully in the highest councils of the Nation : Do not bow thy head, Georgia, Shed thou ne'er a tear; Walk thou smiling, proud, majestic, From thy great son's bier. Wear no sable garments for him, Don thy vestments white, Bind the oak about thy forehead, Stand forth in the light, Gracious, glorious, glad, victorious, By maternal right! E'er a son's completed record In its high renown, Is unto the State, the Nation, To the race, a crown. And for motherhood triumphant, Is no cypress wreath, But the palm that honor giveth In the court of death! [127] Address of Mr. Crisp, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: When, on February 14, 1914, the Great Reaper of the Universe called to its final reward the soul of Augustus Octavius Bacon, the State of Georgia and the United States lost a statesman, the peer of any man of his day and generation. The true treasures of a nation are its good men, and neither death nor time can steal them. The man indeed dies, but the memory of his character and life survives and is a perpetual inspiration to the youth of the land to emulate his example. Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And departing leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time. Mr. Speaker, as long as time remains the memory of Senator Bacon will not die, for he has played too promi- nent a part in the affairs of state to ever be forgotten. Senator Bacon, the posthumous son of the Rev. Augustus 0. Bacon and Mary Louise Bacon, was born in Bryan County, Ga., on October 20, 1839. He graduated at the University of Georgia in the literary and classical de- \ partments in 1859, and in the law department in 1860; he entered the Confederate Army at the beginning of the War between the States and served during the cam- paigns of 1861 and 1862 as adjutant of the Ninth Georgia Regiment in the Army of Northern Virginia. At the close of the war Senator Bacon began the practice of law in Macon, Ga., and rapidly rose in his profession, and when elected to the United States Senate in 1891 stood easily at the head of the bar in his State. Senator Bacon [128] Address of Mr. Crisp, of Georgia always took an active interest in public affairs and sought to serve his fellow man. The Civil War, a war that pro- duced on both sides patriotic and heroic soldiers whose valor and heroism have never been equaled in all the annals of time, which war had completely devastated the resources of the South, had only been ended a few years. The years immediately following the close of the war were more trying, terrible, and heart-rending to the people of the South than even the days of the awful con- flict, for the governmental affairs of the various States of the South were now in control of renegade carpetbaggers and ignorant negroes, who were vicious and incapable of self-government. This was a time of all times when the Southland needed the services of her ablest men. Senator Bacon offered to the people of Georgia his great talents and served them in the lower branch of the legis- lature for 14 years, serving them with great ability and fidelity and indelibly stamping his personality on many statutes of the Commonwealth. He served so faithfully and efficiently that his colleagues in the legislature elected him their presiding officer, and for eight years he was the speaker of the Georgia Assembly, and the State never had an abler speaker. Senator Bacon held many positions of honor and trust in his native State, and distinguished himself in every instance. For many years he was one of the trustees of the University of Georgia, his alma mater, and always took a great interest in its affairs and had its welfare ever at heart. Senator Bacon was a man of great reserve and dignity and was frequently misunderstood, but he possessed a warm heart and was a true, loyal, and unselfish friend. Mr. Speaker, I desire to here refer to an incident con- nected with Senator Bacon, probably known to very few, which illustrates the bigness and loyalty of my deceased 87634°— 15 9 [129] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon friend. In 1893 Senator Colquitt, whose time in the Senate would have expired in March, 1894, died. He was not a candidate to succeed himself, and Augustus Octavius Bacon was an active candidate for this sena- torial toga. Upon the death of Senator Colquitt Gov. Northern tendered my revered father, Charles F. Crisp, then Speaker of this august body, the appointment as United States Senator to fill this vacancy. Mr. Bacon immediately wired his friend, Mr. Crisp, that if he ac- cepted the appointment he, Mr. Bacon, would withdraw from the senatorial race and give Mr. Crisp his active support for the full senatorial term. Mr. Crisp declined the appointment, and Gov. Northern appointed Hon. Patrick Walsh, of Augusta, Senator. Mr. Bacon con- tinued his candidacy for the Senate, and when the legis- lature convened in 1894 he was elected, and thrice there- after the people of Georgia reelected him to represent them in the highest legislative body in our country. Senator Bacon was peculiarly well qualified to repre- sent his State in the Senate. He was a man of great intellect and a complete master of parliamentary law, a trained legislator, a profound lawyer, and an able and skillful debater. Thus equipped, very soon after he took the oath of office his colleagues in the Senate realized he was destined to be a leader among them, and he soon took high rank in the Senate. He served on many of the most important committees of that body, and when we, the Democrats, regained the Senate Senator Bacon was made chairman of the important Committee on Foreign Relations. His knowledge of international laws was so profound and his judgment on delicate questions of state was so wise and safe to follow that the administration frequently sought his counsel and advice; but just when his country needed [130] Address of Mr. Crisp, of Georgia him most, in the very zenith of his intellectual power and usefulness, he quietly and peacefully passed away. And could we choose the time, And choose aright, 'Tis best to die Our honors at the height. Georgians were proud of Senator Bacon, loved to honor him when in life, and now revere his sacred mem- ory. Mr. Speaker, Georgia and our country have lost a noble son, and I have lost a personal friend. I shall ever cherish with recollections of gratitude the many acts of kindness extended me by our distinguished dead. When I entered upon the duties as Representative from the third district of Georgia, the wise counsel and sym- pathetic help of Senator Bacon was ever at my command. Mr. Speaker, if friends on the other shore are cognizant of events transpiring here below, I am quite sure the heart of our deceased friend was made glad when last year the legislature of the State he loved so well did him the honor of naming one of its counties Bacon, for him; thus will the name of Bacon be forever perpetuated in the Empire State of the South. Pursuant to popular demand, the Constitution of the United States was amended by providing that United States Senators should be elected directly by the people of the States, in lieu of being elected by the legislature. Senator Bacon had the distinction of being the first United States Senator to be elected by the direct vote of the people. Mr. Speaker, the services rendered our country by the distinguished deceased statesman was so great that it would be out of place for me to take sufficient time on this sacred occasion to enumerate them nil. Suffice it to say that, while the Senate of the United States had had [131] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon among its Members many able, patriotic, and truly great men, the late Senator Bacon was the peer of any of them. Statesman, yet friend to truth, of soul sincere, In action faithful and in honor clear; Who broke no promise, served no private end, Who gained no title, and who lost no friend; Ennobled by himself, and by all approved. [132] Address of Mr. Park, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: It may be truly said that Senator Bacon was not only one of the greatest men that any sovereign Commonwealth has sent to the United States Senate, but he was one of the most punctilious in all things. No detail was ever too small to escape him. Such was his conception of the rights of the American people in their legislative representation at Washington. No influence, be it ever so great, could swerve him from the straight course of duty and right. In all the years of his splendid career at Washington he felt it his duty to be present at every session of the body to which the people of the great State of Georgia sent him, and his only absences during that long span of service were solely for providential reasons and not for personal convenience. At the convening of Congress he was frequently one of those assigned the duty to notify the President. When Congress adjourned it was often his duty to notify the Chief Executive of the Nation that the greatest parlia- mentary institution on earth had ended its labors for the session. He jealously guarded the Senate's rights and preroga- tives as no other man did in many long years. He was an undisputed authority on the precedents of the Senate. As one of the senior Members of that body, he com- manded the respect and confidence and love and admira- tion of every colleague, however much they might differ with him politically. No man ever so stoutly and sin- cerely contended for the upholding of that dignity of the Senate as an institution that should ever be held firmly in the minds of all thinking people. He contended, in [133] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon brief, that the creature can not be greater than the creator, and that therefore the Senate as the upper branch of Congress can not be inferior in rank to offices which are the mere creatures of Congress. He held the fundamental and controlling fact to be that the Federal Constitution creates no offices except those of the Presidency, the Vice Presidency, the Supreme Court, and the Congress, composed of both Houses. All other offices of the United States have been created by act of Congress; and he held that, if it be deemed neces- sary, Congress may at any time abolish any of these offices except those above named, which were created by the Constitution, and create others in their stead. This has happened in recent years. Congress has created many; abolished many. With the President and Vice President, in their order, standing first, unquestionably, the Senate, as he viewed it, courteously yielded the right of precedence to the Su- preme Court, but uniformly, as the head of the legislative branch of the Government, declined to concede more than this recognition of the heads of the executive and judicial departments. " Insistence by Senators of their superior rank," he once said, " is not made in deprecia- tion of other officials. No officer of the United States, saving only the President and Vice President, is depre- ciated in being placed second in rank to Senators." The great State of Georgia lost one of its greatest of a long list of great men in the passing of Senator Bacon. In that galaxy of great public men who have lit with splendor the proud escutcheon of Georgia and contrib- uted to the prowess of this great Nation among the peoples of the earth no name shines with greater luster than that of Augustus Octavius Bacon. No record of legislative achievement within the past two decades is [134] Address of Mr. Park, of Georgia complete without bearing upon its face the hall mark of his great mind, and no movement of any national consequence has been undertaken by the great body in which he served so long that failed to reckon with his clear and convincing views. A southerner, he knew no sectionalism that could over- shadow his duty to the country in enacting its laws, though he loved his State and section with the deepest of loyal sentiment. A Senator, he jealously guarded the constitutional rights of the Government and the people, not for the passing show, but for the great and everlasting glory of the greatest people in the world. His every act was in the direction of safeguarding the rights of the people. His command of legislation was surpassed by none. Every vital national problem that was to be an issue since he first took public office was mastered by him in readi- ness for its consideration in the Halls of Congress. He was conspicuous in the consideration of the tariff, cur- rency, and other momentous policies. He was active in the framing and discussion of the Panama Canal, rail- road, and other great legislation. He was in the fore of every constitutional debate. He was active in the con- sideration of popular elections of Senators and along many other lines of legislation that have attracted popu- lar attention. In the foreign relations of the United States he was a potential figure. A member of the great Committee on Foreign Relations, and for some time its chairman, and thereby the directing head of the consideration of for- eign policies in our legislative halls, he stood forth a great national figure in the shaping of action upon those issues on which vitally hinge the international comity of the governments of the world. [135] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Replying to a request by me for a word on the char- acter and career of Senator Bacon, President Wilson said: It should be a rich theme, for Senator Bacon's service in the Senate was long and distinguished. After I myself — He says: came into office, I learned to entertain for him a very great respect as a thoughtful and conscientious public servant. My dealings with him were chiefly in the field of foreign affairs, where I found him singularly well informed and always inclined to promote the highest principles of action. These generous words will ever be dear to Georgians, who loved the dead Senator and who love and admire the great President. In the Philippine and Cuban developments his mature counsel was voiced in the Senate Chamber. His was a shining instance of the greatness of the land in which we live, for no man sent to the Nation's Con- gress by a great people ever transmitted to history a record of greater achievement in the cause of the whole people. He was a broadly finished scholar, closely familiar with the history of political questions which have dis- turbed this and other countries, even those which shook and sundered ancient kingdoms and principalities, and he put to use that knowledge in efforts to guide the American ship of state. Were it not for minds like his, the dust of antique time would lie unswept and mountainous error grow too highly heaped for truth to overpeer. His steady ascent from obscurity to great prominence was not attained by sudden flight, but resulted from well-directed, intelligent effort. His public acts and life [136] Address of Mr. Park, of Georgia ever satisfied as proud a constituency as lives to-day under the flag. His death, following so brief an illness, shocked his associates at the Capitol and spread gloom and sorrow amidst the people of Georgia as they sadly realized that a great Georgian and a trusted Democratic counselor of the National Government had passed on his way. The public men of the Nation met in the Senate Cham- ber to do his memory honor — the Supreme Court, both Houses of Congress, the Cabinet, foreign embassies and legations, and many distinguished visitors. An escort of Senators and Representatives accompanied the casket containing his body to Atlanta, where thousands and tens of thousands awaited, standing with bared heads as the procession passed on its way to the State capitol where his body lay in state. As the casket was borne through the Terminal Station in Atlanta on its way to the grave in Macon it passed between two lines of Confederate veterans, who bowed a silent farewell to their comrade in arms, while the torn battle flag of his regiment hung with caressing sweep over the passing casket, and then and there amidst vivid and crowding memories of the past he received the holiest baptism that can come to the living or dead — tears from the eyes of old comrades in arms after a half century of separation from inti- mate association. He was a Senator whose course and conduct satisfied his people; like the mountain streams and breezes of his State, her humming industries, and all her great things past and present, he fitted into the harmony of things and blended with all — a part of all. He loved with deep devotion his beautiful mother State; her brow bound with the priceless Appalachian chain, her left cheek laved with old Atlantic's tireless hand, making of her dimples the safe and ample harbors [137] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon for the fleets of the world, her right cheek moistened by Chattahoochie's limpid stream beaded with commerce- bearing vessels, her throat adorned with the supernal beauty of Florida's varied hues, through which course the arteries bearing the life blood of internal trade, and with his loving devotion to his mother State he gave to her service the best years of his great life. His calmness and self-possession gave the impression to the beholder of coldness and lack of feeling and sym- pathy; yet beneath the calm was a nature as simple and direct as that of childhood, and within his breast there pulsated as warm a heart as that of any who has wiped away the orphan's tears or relieved distress of suffering humanity. His nature was proud, and beneath the pride one could not always see and feel the beat of his tender, honest heart. His charity was white handed and voiceless. Georgia has produced her meed of men of greatness, and in the foreground, among the greatest of them all, on its roll, and on the scroll of national fame, there stands the memory of the magnificent life of the famous publicist whose services to his country we commemorate to-day. [138] Address of Mr. Vinson, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: We are told on high authority that " there is a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; " and in the official life of the Members of Congress to-day is a day of mourning. We have ceased to think the thoughts of our parties; we have banished the dreams of ambition; we have put away the trappings of place and pride, left our mirth and our employments, to spend a brief while in solemn re- flection upon the life and virtues of that distinguished Member of the United States Senate who has been trans- lated to the realms of eternal bliss. One of the most thrilling events of human life comes when the great spoiler, like a gigantic bird of prey, swoops down and fixes his talons into the side of a man and tears his child or his life companion away. When a man looks into the pale, dead face of the wife of his bosom he feels that his very life is invaded. As truly as this is applicable to a man, so truly is it applicable to the Empire State of the South. For the pale messenger that never tires and never pities; the messenger that called Sappho from her odes and Letitia Landon away from her sorrow; the messenger that called Byron to where he could sleep, and piloted Poe to the " misty dim regions of Weir," did on the 14th day of February, 1914, knock upon the door and reach upon the inexorable roll call the name of Augustus Octavius Bacon, and guide him into that radiant hereafter, of which hope is the creator and faith the defender. A soul which needed no cleans- ing to fit it for the companionship of the just. It is true, Mr. Speaker, that many great and distin- guished Members of the United States Senate have [139] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon "passed over the river" and gone to that great beyond, but I measure my words when I say that among that great number there have been few, yea, very few, who gave more complete and unfaltering devotion to his State and the Nation he loved than did that illustrious lawmaker. When the news was flashed over the wires announc- ing the death of Senator Bacon, the people of a great and prosperous State mourned; imperial Georgia wept, for a true son had passed to the beyond. His learning as a lawyer, his success at the bar of his native State, his ability, skill, and force as a debater in the Senate, his unusual talent, tact, and genius as a par- liamentarian, his unsullied honor, his innate dignity and courtesy, his high regard for the proprieties, traditions, rights, and prerogatives of the Senate, his unwavering loyalty to the South and her people, his unfaltering advo- cacy of State rights, and his American patriotism are well known to the people of the United States. Mr. Speaker, he entered the Senate on March 4, 1895, and served 19 years. At the time of his death he had not served one year of his fourth term. The Senate was in session at the very hour of his demise, and instantly adjourned out of respect and in deep sorrow. Imposing funeral services were held in the Senate Chamber, and the body was then taken back to Georgia to be interred beneath the old red hills, among a people he loved and who loved him. During a service of 19 years Senator Bacon was never absent a day from the session on account of pleasure or his personal affairs. Possibly no other Senator has been able to claim such a record for punctuality. He was the first Senator ever elected from Georgia for the third con- secutive term, and was the only one elected from the State for four terms. He was the first Senator elected in the United States by the popular vote of the people [140] Address of Mr. Vinson, of Georgia under the recently adopted amendment to the Federal Constitution. In the Sixty-second Congress he was elected President pro tempore of the Senate, and served parts of the years 1912 and 1913. On account of his impartiality and great learning as a lawyer he was chosen to preside over the Archbald Court of Impeachment. The Senate was Republican, the defendant was a Republican, yet so great was the confidence of his colleagues, regardless of party lines, as to his ability, his uprightness, and his fairness he was selected to preside, and every ruling of his was sustained, notwithstanding that the trial lasted for many weeks. When the Republican Party went out of power in the Senate on March 3, 1913, Senator Bacon became chair- man of the Committee on Foreign Relations. He had for years during the Republican administration been the ranking Democratic member of Foreign Relations, Judiciary, and Rules Committees. When the Democrats came into control, he could have had the chairmanship of either of these committees he desired. He selected Foreign Relations, for which he was admirably equipped. He was a member of the Judiciary Committee 17 years, Foreign Relations 15 years, Rules Committee 13 years. He discussed with remarkable ability every question of importance that came before the Senate during his 19 years of service and illumined every subject he debated. The debate in 1906 between Senator Bacon and Senator Spooner on the merits of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty for intellectual vigor, grasp of the subject, compactness and lucidity in statement ranks as one of the greatest debates ever delivered in the Senate. Mr. Speaker, all nature speaks the voice of dissolution; the highway of history and life is strewn with the wreck which Time, the great despoiler, has made. [141] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon The dweller of the infant world saw that all the world was his foe; earth, air, and water swarmed with his enemies; the forces of nature, the elements, the beasts of the field, all combined to accomplish his destruction. He saw his wife, his children, and his tribal brothers lay disease stricken and die in his presence, while he was helpless to comfort or relieve. No downy couch or smoothed pillow gave comfort to his pain-racked body. No surgeon's skill repaired the manglings of the battle or the chase, and no sedative remedies tempered his death pangs. The life of the dweller of the infant world was one long contest with nature's unchained and untamed forces. " For him death rode on every passing breeze and lurked in every flower." He saw that "As for man his days are as grass, as a flower of the field, so he flourisheth, and the wind passeth over it, and it is gone, and the place thereof shall know it no more." Could this be all of life? His primitive nature hungered for something more and abhorred the idea that death was annihilation. So ancient man, as he lay on his bed of boughs in the gnarled branches of some giant oak or sat at the entrance of his cavern home, occupied himself with serious and solemn thoughts of the future and witnessed the phe- nomena of the natural universe. He saw the sun rise and scatter the mists of the morning and drive across the celestial dome to go down a ball of fire in a lake of burnished gold, and in the silent vigils of the night he saw the myriads of twinkling-eyed children of the sun and the queenly moon in their march athwart the firma- ment, and all these infinite ends of heaven be peopled with the creatures of his fancy and filled all things and all space, even to the very frontiers of his imagination, with an all-wise and a powerful God. [142] Address of Mr. Vinson, of Georgia He saw the seasons succeed themselves and the har- vest succeed the seedtime. He saw approaching winter lay icy fingers on all the beauties of field and forest and all nature struggling in the pangs of death until winter sepulchred her in a crown of snow and all the world was dead. But again he saw the smiling beams of a vernal sun conjure a new and glorious life into old earth, and where one flower bowed its head to winter's blast a multitude of bright-eyed beauties lifted their heads to kiss the coming beams, and hopeful, happy man read the glorious promise of a resurrection and of life immortal. Mr. Speaker, we are but those of whom others shall say to-morrow, " They are the dead." From the begin- ning of time, through all the ages, every man has pro- pounded to his innermost soul this question, " If a man die, shall he live again? " How simple is the mystery! He can not die who truly lives, For virtue has immortal breath; 'Tis but the sowing of the grain Which blossoms into life again And finds perfectness in its death. If the seed be perfect, the harvest is sure; If the fountain be sweet, the waters are pure; If the present is right, the answer is plain; If a man dieth, he liveth again. [143] ' Address of Mr. Bell, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: Senator A. O. Bacon was born October 20, 1839, and was therefore nearly 75 years of age. He bad served continuously in the United States Senate almost 20 years, during which time he made a national reputa- tion. He was regarded by thousands of people as being the strongest representative Georgia has sent to the Sen- ate, and I share with them in this opinion. I had the pleasure of knowing Senator Bacon for almost 35 years, and in all my relations with him I always found him sincere and firm in his convictions. He made but few promises, but he kept them. He was absolutely reliable in word and deed. He would not compromise himself nor would he embarrass anyone, friend or foe, even though he might gain temporary advantage by it. He was a student, a lawyer, a statesman, a gentleman. Few men of his day were better posted on the great questions which confronted this Nation than he. His powerful mind was active at all times, and he was able and always ready to defend his State, his people, and the Nation. He had a clear conception of legislation which affected his own country at home and abroad. He had in fact elements of greatness and would have made an ideal Chief Executive of this great Nation. He studied care- fully the minor questions which often present themselves to a legislator, and was equal to any emergency which required brain, thought, statesmanship, and active en- deavor. He never shirked responsibility, nor did he un- load his burdens or cares on his neighbors or friends. He was possessed of a resolute will, a determined pur- [144] Address of Mr. Bell, of Georgia pose, lofty ideals, a cherished ambition, and back of it all a giant mind. He did great good during his long service to his country, and his name will go down in history as one of the great men of to-day. I attended his funeral at Macon, Ga., and the throng of people of all classes who paid tribute to him on the occasion bore eloquent testimony of the high esteem in which he was held by those who knew him best and loved him most. His counsel was good and his judgment was safe. As chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate he was consulted by the President and those who served with him on this important com- mittee, because they knew his ability and his strength as a debater could be depended upon when the services of a great man were needed. He was a stanch believer in the principles of the Monroe doctrine, and his defense of it was masterful, and he could be relied upon to pre- sent his views upon any question which affected our country in this doctrine, which he firmly believed was correct and imperative to the welfare of our country. We mourn his loss. The country mourns his loss. He has gone from our presence, but his goodness and great- ness still linger with us. We will see his face and form no more on earth, but the light of his life and his in- fluence will remain with us. The world is better because of his life, and like a rare perfume whose fragrance lingers, so his memory will be cherished by all. His work on earth is done, and he is at rest. Peace to his memory. There is no death! The stars go down To rise upon some fairer shore, And bright in heaven's jeweled crown They shine forevermore. 87634°— 15 10 [145] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon There is no death! The leaves may fall, And flowers may fade and pass away. They only wait through wintry hours The coming of the May. There is no death! An angel form Walks o'er the earth with silent tread; He bears our best-beloved things away, And then — we call them dead. [146] DEATH OF SENATOR BACON [From the Atlanta Journal of Feb. 15, 1914] By Ralph Smith Washington, D. C, February Ik. — Augustus Octavius Bacon, of Macon, senior United States Senator from Georgia, and the oldest Democratic Member of the Senate in point of age and con- tinuous service, died at the Garfield Memorial Hospital in this city this afternoon at 2 o'clock, following a collapse caused by the transmission of a blood clot from his affected kidneys to the heart. Senator Bacon had been ill and confined to his bed since January 30, when he left the Senate with a raging fever. His illness had been diagnosed by physicians as pyelitis, an inflam- mation of the kidneys, causing the formation of pus. Until an hour before his death it was believed that he was on the road to recovery, and his faithful secretary, Col. John T. Boifeuillet, had issued an encouraging statement. Surviving Senator Bacon are his wife, Mrs. A. O. Bacon, of Macon, and his daughter, Mrs. Willis B. Sparks, of Macon. The latter was with the distinguished patient during his illness and at his bedside when death overtook him. Other relatives are grandchildren as follows: Mrs. Walter Cheatham, of Macon, for- merly Miss Sherley Curry; Miss Louise Curry, a student at Hollins College, Virginia; Augustus 0. Bacon Sparks and Willis B. Sparks, students at the University of Georgia; and Miss Lamar Sparks, of Macon. Hardly had the shock with which they heard of Senator Bacon's death subsided, when Vice President Marshall and leaders on both sides of the Senate Chamber decided that the Senate itself should take charge of the funeral in recognition of the Senator's high standing as a Member and his long and devoted public service. The Senate was in executive session when the news of Senator Bacon's death came. It was communicated first from Col. Boifeuillet at the hospital to Sergeant at Arms Higgins, who in [147] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon turn notified Senator Overman, of North Carolina, in the absence from the city of Senator Hoke Smith. Mr. Overman interrupted the debate that was then proceeding and made the sorrowful announcement in a voice that betrayed his deep emotion. Adjournment was taken immediately, and, shortly thereafter, when the news reached the House at the other end of the Capitol it too adjourned. The sorrow, so manifest everywhere, in the Senate was not of the perfunctory sort. Senators gathered in small groups of three and four to discuss the sudden taking off of the ranking Democrat and the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, upon whose shoulders rested tremendous responsibilities relating to the foreign affairs of the United States and the delicate diplomatic situation involving our relations with Mexico. Following immediately upon adjournment, the desk and chair which Senator Bacon had occupied so long and with such con- spicuous ability were draped in mourning by Senate attendants. B. M. Edwards, an old Democratic war horse from Missouri, who has tended the Democratic door of the Chamber since the war, was one of the men selected for this work, and as the old man worked he wept silently. The death of Senator Bacon had un- nerved him completely, and his sorrow was typical of that felt not only by Mr. Bacon's colleagues but by the old employees at the Capitol. As the flags on the Capitol were lowered to half-mast, following at once upon the announcement of Senator Bacon's death, Vice President Marshall, Senator Overman of North Carolina, Senator Swanson of Virginia, and Senator Saulsbury of Delaware emerged from the Capitol. Their sober expressions manifested the deep sorrow they felt. They drove directly to Garfield Hospital to proffer their aid to the Senator's daughter and Col. Boifeuillet and to express to them their profound sympathy. Shortly thereafter Congressman Schley Howard, the Senator's cousin, and Congressmen Bartlett, Adamson, Hardwick, Park, and Hughes reached the sanitarium on a similar mission. James D. Baker, Secretary of the Senate; Sergeant at Arms Higgins; and many Senators called during the afternoon. The death of Senator Bacon was as peaceful as it was unex- pected. This morning at 8.30 o'clock when Col. Boifeuillet [148] Death of Senator Bacon called at the hospital he found the Senator bright and cheerful. His temperature was normal and he took courage from the state- ment that the patient had enjoyed a restful night. Mr. Boi- feuillet remained with the Senator for two hours, and when he reached the Capitol gave out the encouraging news of the Sena- tor's improvement. At noon Dr. James Dudley Morgan, who has attended Senator Bacon throughout his illness, and Drs. B. L. Hardin and Francis L. Hagner, who were called into conference last week, were at the hospital. They had visited the Senator during Col. Boi- feuillet's presence, and had left the sick room to consult about the case. They shared in the encouragement entertained by others, and felt assured that the Senator would enjoy the respite from their attentions and the company of his daughter, whom they left with him. At 12.45 the Senator attempted to sit up in bed. He collapsed and fell back in a semifaint. The physicians, who were on a lower floor in consultation over some X-ray photographs made yesterday, were summoned hastily. They appreciated the gravity of his condition at once, and Col. Boifeuillet was called from the Capitol. In the meantime, the physicians administered restoratives and exerted heroic efforts to check the fainting spell. They realized, however, the futility of their efforts when they understood that a blood clot had been transmitted from the infected kidneys to the heart. Senator Bacon never lost consciousness, and until the very last was aware of his desperate condition and appreciative of the efforts of his physicians to save him. He submitted to their treatment, and in his feeble state fought with all of his strength to stave off the inevitable. Col. Boifeuillet reached the sick room at 1.30 o'clock, and was recognized by the Senator as the physicians worked over him. Senator Bacon did not speak for half an hour before the end, and when death overtook him it was as if he had fallen into a peaceful slumber. Senator Bacon returned to Washington from Georgia after the Christmas holidays a sick man, but his loyalty to duty and his determination were such that he refused to give up until he was literally burning up with fever. He fell in a bathtub in the home of Mayor H. A. Tarver, of Albany, while visiting that city during [149] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon the vacation. A rib was fractured by the fall, but the Senator did not realize that he was injured so seriously. He continued to fish and to hunt and for the time being suffered little pain from the hurt. Upon his return to Washington he plunged at once into work, and it was several days before he submitted to a physical exami- nation to ascertain the extent of the injury occasioned by the accident in the bathtub. Dr. Morgan, whom he consulted, found that a left rib had been fractured, but the Senator remained at work. The Foreign Relations Committee was then in the midst of its consideration of the arbitration treaties in which the President feels such a deep interest. As chairman of the com- mittee having these conventions in charge, Senator Bacon pre- sided at daily sessions. All the while the fractured rib troubled him some, but he complained little and kept up the work. It was on Friday, January 30, that he finally yielded to the advice of his physician and quit work. The committee had been in almost continuous session for three days preceding and on Friday morning Senator Bacon sat at the head of the committee table and gave the committee the benefit of his counsel. In the meantime a fever had gripped the Senator, and this had burned incessantly for the three days. "John," said the Senator to his secretary, Col. Boifeuillet, "I have such a hot fever that I am going home." He left his office with this parting remark and never returned. The fever refused to yield to the treatment of Dr. Morgan, and in the middle of the next week Dr. Hardin was called into con- sultation. It was feared for a time that perhaps the fever was occasioned by the fractured rib, but X-ray photographs failed to establish this. The Senator remained in his apartments in the Netherlands until last Sunday, when it was deemed advisable to remove him to Garfield Memorial Hospital. In the meantime, at the Senator's request, his daughter, Mrs. Sparks, had been summoned from Macon, and she was with him constantly to the end. It was some days after he had been taken to the hospital before the physicians finally agreed on a diagnosis, and this diagnosis attributed the fever to pyelitis. This disease, it is stated, is an [150] Death of Senator Bacon affection of the kidneys which may be caused by the use of con- taminated drinking water. In the death of Senator Bacon the Democratic Party has lost its oldest and one of its wisest counselors and Georgia has lost an illustrious son whose public life in the National Capital has reflected luster and glory upon the Commonwealth. Senator Bacon was a statesman of the old school. He ranked with the first men of the Senate of this or any other day. As a lawyer, as a diplomatist, and as a parliamentarian he had not a superior in the Senate. He was a tower of strength to the Democratic Party. In debates on the floor of the Senate and in committee room he was just as useful in the framing of legislation. His knowl- edge of parliamentary law and the practices and precedents of the Senate made him invaluable, and his views carried weight in nonpartisan questions involving procedure in the Chamber. His long experience and close study of the foreign policy of the United States and of foreign governments entitled him to the recognition he received as the best posted man in Congress on such questions. His extensive travels abroad enlarged his knowledge of these questions. Elected first to the Senate in 1894 by the Georgia Legislature, he took his seat on March 4, 1895, and served continuously until his death to-day. During that time— 19 years— Senator Bacon missed very, very few sessions of the Senate. He was punctual almost to a fault, both in attendance upon the sessions of the Senate and at meet- ings of committees upon which he was a member. Not only was he the oldest Democrat in the Senate in point of age and service, but Senator Bacon enjoyed also the unique dis- tinction of having been the first Member of the United States Senate to be elected by the direct vote of the people under the seventeenth amendment to the Federal Constitution. He was elected without opposition at a special election held in Georgia last year following his renomination in the Democratic primary. The Senator enjoyed also the distinction and honor of being the first and only Democrat who ever presided over a Republican Senate. He served as its duly elected and recognized President pro tempore. This occurred during the Sixty-second Congress [151] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon through the inability of the Republicans then in control to agree upon one of their number to succeed the late Senator Frye, of Maine, upon his death. As President pro tempore it fell to Senator Bacon's lot to pre- side over the impeachment trial of Federal Judge Archbold, and his rulings in this celebrated case will stand not only as prece- dents for future trials but as a monument to his judicial tem- perament and thorough impartiality. Senator Bacon's death at this time may prove embarrassing to the administration. During the pendency of the Mexican situa- tion Senator Bacon has shared with Secretary of State Bryan the entire confidence of President Wilson. He had supported him in the Senate on all occasions and his conservative yet convincing attitude in debate has been of inestimable value to the President in handling the delicate questions involved. The recognition accorded Senator Bacon as the spokesman of the President in matters of foreign relations and the weight and influence that his utterances have had with the Senate is a fair test of the measure of regard in which he was held by his col- leagues. It was agreed by all to-night, Republican as well as Democrat, that the Senate is without a man " who can fill Bacon's shoes." It is doubtful if the United States has ever negotiated a treaty with which Senator Bacon was not entirely familiar. He had this information at his finger tips and in the discussions of such matters in executive sessions he was the one man upon whom all looked for a fair and impartial statement. Partisan politics was no part of his attitude concerning America's foreign policy, ex- cept in so far as his unquestioned and unflinching belief in the principles of the Democratic Party helped him to take a position. His was the broad, patriotic viewpoint. Senator Overman, of North Carolina, recited to-night an in- teresting story relating to Senator Bacon. He said: " Senator Bacon was responsible directly for the abolition of the old Senate custom of filing on seats of Members. As a member of the Rules Committee, he objected to the custom be- cause he thought it selfish and gruesome and, thanks to his objec- tions, the custom was abolished by the adoption of a Senate regulation which he proposed. " Until the custom was abolished by rule, it had been the practice of years to file on the seats of Members. For instance, [152; Death of Senator Bacon if a Senator was in ill health or in danger of defeat and had a desirable seat in the Senate Chamber, it was not considered out of place for an envious Member with a less desirable seat to ' file * on the seat he hoped to obtain through misfortune to the colleague occupying that place. The custom had been in vogue for years and it had a gruesome aspect, as Senator Bacon con- tended." The custom was abolished very recently and the " files " de- stroyed. Senator Bacon was the first Member of the Senate to die following the abolition of the custom. Washington, February 16. — The profound sorrow occasioned by the death of Senator Bacon was no less manifested yester- day among public men in Washington than it was immediately following the unexpected announcement of his death Saturday. As the shock of the calamity subsided legislative and diplomatic Washington seemed to realize more than ever the extent of its loss and to appreciate more fully the utter impossibility of fill- ing the void. Notwithstanding the uninviting condition of Washington streets, owing to a heavy snowstorm, hundreds of people visited the Netherlands apartments to express their sorrow to the Senator's daughter and proffer their aid in the sad hour of bereavement. Announcement was made here to-day that owing to the death of Senator Bacon Vice President and Mrs. Marshall have post- poned indefinitely the reception they were to have given to- night, and that Secretary and Mrs. Bryan also have postponed the dinner which they planned to give to Senator and Mrs. Kern Wednesday evening. Secretary of State Bryan, who canceled an important engage- ment and hastened back to Washington on learning of Senator Bacon's death, was among the early comers. He and Senator Bacon were drawn close together through their efforts at mutual cooperation with the President in the direction of America's foreign policy. Each held the other in high regard, and during the Senator's illness Secretary Bryan manifested deep concern over his condition. He made daily inquiries, and it was rela- tive to a growing lilac sent to him by Mr. Bryan that the Senator made his last speech to his faithful secretary. Last Friday Secretary Bryan sent from the Botanic Gardens a beautiful white growing lilac to the hospital. Senator Bacon [153] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon asked that it be placed in the sick room where he could see it constantly. He asked Boifeuillet to write the Secretary of State and thank him for the flower. " Saturday morning, as I was about to leave the Senator, believ- ing his condition improved, he beckoned me back," said Col. Boifeuillet. "'John,' said he, 'did you write and thank Secretary Bryan for that flower?' I told him that I had done so. 'Well,' he said, 'I am glad, for I regard the flower as one of the most beautiful I have seen in years.'" The flower was removed from the hospital with the body of Senator Bacon, and yesterday occupied a place at the head of his casket, as it will to-morrow when the body is taken to the Capitol. Secretary Bryan was deeply touched when Col. Boifeuillet re- cited these circumstances to him to-day. He stated the lilac had been suggested to him by Mrs. Bryan. John Bassett Moore, Counselor of the State Department, and ex Gov. Joseph W. Folk, of Missouri, Solicitor of the State Department, called shortly after Secretary Bryan's departure, and later ex Gov. Osborne, of Wyoming, the Assistant Secretary, and Alvey A. Adee, Second Assistant Secretary of State, arrived. Associate Justice Joseph R. Lamar and Mrs. Lamar, formerly of Augusta, were early callers. The justice was deeply distressed and could not restrain his feelings as he gazed on the body. Some of the other callers during the day were Vice President Marshall, Senator Overman, Senator Kern, Senator Shively, Sena- tor Hitchcock, Senator Simmons, Senator Pomerene, Senator Burton, Senator Root, Senator Lodge, Congressmen Dudley M. Hughes and wife, Hardwick and wife, Bartlett and wife, Adam- son, Edwards and wife, Mrs. Gordon Lee, former Congressman William G. Brantley and wife, Census Director William J. Harris and wife, Joseph Gray Blount, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, Maj. Blanton Winship, Alexander Graham Bell, Henry D. White and wife, Peter Goelet Gerry and wife, Congressman Samuel J. Trib- ble and wife, Mrs. Hoke Smith, Mrs. Alston Simpson, Claude N. Bennett, and Mrs. William Bailey Lamar. As these and others of his friends looked on his face, cold in death, they could scarcely realize that he was gone. [154] Death of Senator Bacon Justice Lamar talked of his wonderful physical preservation for a man of his years and remarked on the fact that he was a martyr almost to duty. He recalled having met the Senator scarcely three weeks ago at a reception at the German ambassa- dor's, and blinked away a tear as he told of how well the Senator looked, notwithstanding that he was in bandages " so tight he could scarcely breathe from a fractured rib." " The Senator," said the justice, " seemed to take pride in the fact that he was in such fine health and so active in spite of the injury." Col. Boifeuillet recounted the statement of the physicians made only last week that " for one of his age Senator Bacon was the most remarkable specimen of physical manhood they ever examined." This was the statement of Drs. Morgan, Har- din, and Hagner; after they made a most exhaustive examination of their patient they pronounced him as sound as a dollar in all his vital organs and were puzzled at the fever which they could not reduce. Senator Bacon knew his physical self as well or better than any man in Washington. He was scrupulously careful of his diet and indulged no excesses. He never ventured out on a damp street without overshoes, and in the Senate Chamber if he felt chilly he frequently wrapped his legs in a blanket rather than discom- fort his colleagues by demanding more heat. He was a great walker and in fair weather invariably took a long walk before breakfast, after which he would walk 2 miles to the Capitol. His commanding presence was well known to Washingtonians, who were accustomed to seeing him trudging the streets of the Capital wearing the cape which he used instead of an overcoat. Gov. Slaton tendered the State capitol of Georgia should the family allow Senator Bacon's body to lie in state in Atlanta on its way from the National Capital to Macon. His telegram to John T. Boifeuillet, Senator Bacon's secretary, follows: "Please convey to family of Senator Bacon my profoundest sympathy. The entire State mourns its irreparable loss. Also I desire to tender the capitol in the event it meets with the wishes of the family that the remains of this great Senator lie in state. Please advise me as early as possible the funeral arrangements in order that I may issue the appropriate proclamation." [155] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon It was determined yesterday afternoon that his body should lie in state at the capitol in Atlanta. After a conference with Mrs. Willis B. Sparks, the Senator's daughter, and Senator Overman, Col. Boifeuillet sent the following telegram to Gov. Slaton : Hon. John M. Slaton, Atlanta, Ga.: Senator Bacon's daughter, Mrs. Sparks, asks me to convey to you for herself and family their heartfelt gratitude for your kind telegram expressing your sympathy for them in their great be- reavement. She was deeply touched by your tender of the capitol for the remains to lie in state, and she accepts your offer with a deep sense of appreciation of the high honor you would thus pay to the memory of her father. The funeral party will leave Washington on the Birmingham special, Southern Railway, Tuesday afternoon at 4.30, reaching Atlanta Wednesday about noon. The body can be taken direct from the train to the capitol and there lie in state until 4.30 o'clock that afternoon, when it will be carried to the Southern train leaving for Macon about 5.30 o'clock. (Signed) John T. Boifeuillet. [156] PROCLAMATION BY THE GOVERNOR OF GEORGIA Providence hath removed from the service of the State of Georgia in the United States Senate the Hon. Augustus Octavius Bacon, a native Georgian, educated in her schools, a trustee of the university at the time of his death; he had for 50 years been a factor in her development and growth. In war and peace he rendered a splendid and lasting service to his people. In the Georgia House of Representatives, where he served for many years as speaker, his guiding influence is reflected in wise and beneficial legislation. In the Senate of the United States, to which he was elevated by a loving people for a longer time than was ever granted any other Georgian, he measured fully to the demands of the lofty station, and in his statesmanship, his lofty courtesy, and his personality he expressed the thought and senti- ment of his people. Called to occupy the most exalted positions in that body, his experience and ability were wisely trusted to settle aright important problems of the Nation. Therefore, I, John M. Slaton, governor of said State, do issue this, my proclamation, directing, in honor of the great Georgian who has been taken from us, that — (1) The flags on the public buildings of this State be hung at half-mast during the next 30 days. (2) Arrangements be made for the body to lie in state in the rotunda of the State capitol between the time of its arrival in Atlanta Wednesday morning until departure for Macon that afternoon. (3) Permission is given to such organizations of the National Guard as may desire to do so to act with the honorary escort, and the adjutant general is directed to make arrangements for such military escort and guard of honor, both in Atlanta and Macon, as may be desired or appropriate, and to arrange for such Confederate veterans as may desire to do so to participate as a body in the local honorary escort and guard of honor. (4) Offices at the State capitol be closed during the hours of the funeral services in Washington on Tuesday, during the time the body lies in state at the capitol on Wednesday, and during the hours of the final services in Macon on Thursday. [157] Proclamation by the Governor of Georgia (5) Members of the supreme court and court of appeals, heads of departments of State government, and all State officials in Atlanta will assemble in the governor's office at 10 a. m. on Wednesday for the purpose of attending the body on its arrival and again on its departure, and those of them who can do so will accompany the body to Macon as part of the honorary escort. Given under my hand and the great seal of the State at the capitol in Atlanta, this the 16th day of February, in the year of our Lord, 1914, and the independence of America 138. John M. Slaton, Governor. By the governor: Philip Cook, Secretary of State. [158] FUNERAL SERVICES IN WASHINGTON [From the Atlanta Journal of Feb. 17, 1914] By Ralph Smith Washington, February 17. — In the presence of one of the most distinguished companies ever assembled in this city, funeral services for the late Senator Augustus Octavius Bacon, of Georgia, were solemnized in the Senate of the United States to- day. The ceremonies were as the dead Senator would have had them — simple and expressive. The services of the Protestant Episcopal Church were read by the Right Rev. Alfred Harding, Bishop of Washington, following a prayer by Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, Chaplain of the Senate. At the conclusion of the ceremonies the Senate took its third consecutive adjournment out of respect to the memory of Senator Bacon, and when the casket containing the body was removed from the Capitol to the Union Station it was followed by a large body of sorrowing Senators and friends of the deceased statesman. A special train bearing the body, the members of the imme- diate family, and escorts from the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives left for Macon this afternoon at 4.35, stopping at Atlanta to-morrow at noon, where for four hours the body will lie in state in the capitol. The ceremony marked the first state funeral held in the National Capitol in 10 years, and was among the few solemnized in the history of the Nation. The idea of a state funeral for the lamented Georgian origi- nated in a unanimous desire of his colleagues to pay fitting tribute to the soldier, the statesman, the lawyer, the parliamentarian, the diplomatist, whose untimely death they mourned. The services were conducted in the spirit in which they were conceived. They were as expressive as they were impressive — expressive of the regard in which the dead Senator was held by his associates and the Nation, and expressive also of the genuine sorrow occasioned by his death. [159] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon It was announced at the White House almost at the last moment that President Wilson would not attend the funeral services be- cause Dr. Grayson did not think it wise for the President to risk exposure at a time when he was recovering from a trouble- some cold. Mrs. Wilson and Miss Helen Woodrow Bones, however, occu- pied seats in the reserved gallery. All the Cabinet members attended in a body except Secretaries McAdoo and Houston, who are not in the city. The Chief Justice of the United States, a comrade in arms with the dead Senator as a Confederate soldier, and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court attended the funeral. Associate Justice Hughes, of the Supreme Court, was kept away by illness. Admiral Dewey, who was indisposed, was represented by Rear Admiral Vreeland, and the Chief of Staff represented the Army. The Speaker and the Members of the House of Representatives, over 400 in number, were in the Chamber to mourn with others the loss of the notable Georgian. The Regents of the Smithsonian Institution and its secretary were invited guests of the United States Senate. The Diplomatic Corps, representing nearly every nation of the world, was present. Admission to the galleries was by card, and here sat many of the most notable men and women of the Nation, come to pay homage to the memory of Senator Bacon. The ceremonies were as impressive as those marking the inauguration of a President, and, indeed, the attendance and its general character was much the same. But the spirit was dif- ferent. Whereas an inauguration, despite its solemnity, oc- casions a manifestation of the festive spirit and cheer, the cere- monies to-day were marked by sorrow. Smiles of inauguration times were replaced by sober, serious, saddened countenances. The body of Senator Bacon was removed from the Netherlands apartment at half-past 9 this morning, and placed in the Marble Room of the Senate. Under the rules of the Senate only one floral offering was allowed to accompany the remains to the Capitol, and this was the tribute of the Senate itself. This was a big wreath mounted on a base of ferns, palms, and Easter lilies and stood at the head of the casket. The wreath, over 3 feet in diameter, consisted of sweet peas, lilies of the valley, Easter lilies, violets, palms, and American Beauty roses. [160] Funeral Services in Washington Just before the casket was moved into the Senate Chamber there arrived from the White House botanical gardens a beauti- ful, magnificent wreath of orchids, daisies, mignonettes, and hyacinths. This floral piece bore the cards of the President and Mrs. Wilson. The Rules Committee made a special exception and the wreath was placed on the casket as it rested in the Senate Chamber. The flowers in great quantities that had been sent to the late Senator's apartments were taken on the train this afternoon. The body rested in a handsome metallic casket, severely plain, on which was a plate containing the inscription: " Augustus Octavius Bacon. " October 20, 1839. " February 14, 1914." The casket was not opened after its arrival at the Capitol, but hundreds of friends of the dead Senator passed through the Marble Room to view the casket and the magnificent floral offer- ing of the Senate. A vast majority of these were friends or acquaintances of the Senator in life. There were few who came out of morbid curiositj^. Beside the casket in the Marble Room was a guard of honor composed of one veteran of the Union Army and one veteran of the Confederate Army. Senator Bacon was a Confederate officer. The southern veteran was J. B. Marshall, of Birmingham, Ala., and the northern veteran was Maj. James A. Abbott, of Provi- dence, R. I., both members of the Capitol police force. The Senate met at 12.45, eastern time, and a few minutes prior to that the casket containing the body was brought into the Senate Chamber from the Marble Room, accompanied by the committee on arrangements of the two Houses. In the meantime, the galleries had filled with ticket holders, and two minutes after the Vice President called the Senate to order the Doorkeeper announced the arrival of the Members of the House. Preceded by the Sergeant at Arms and the Clerk, and by Speaker Clark, the House membership filed slowly into the Senate. The Speaker was escorted to a seat to the left of the Vice President. The Sergeant at Arms and Clerk were as- signed to seats at the Secretary's desk, and the Members were given seats provided for them on the floor. 87634°— 15 11 [161] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon The ambassadors and ministers from foreign countries were next announced. Ambassador J. J. Jusserand, of France, dean of the corps, led the procession, which had gathered in the Senate reception room. Baron Hengelmiiller, the Austrian ambassador, accompanied Mr. Jusserand. Then came Count von Bernstorff, the German ambassador, and Viscount Chinda, the Japanese ambassador. They were followed by the British ambassador and the Marquis Cusani Confalonieri, the Italian ambassador. The Turkish ambassador, Youssouf Zia Pacha, and Ambassador Bakhmeteff, of Bussia, came next, followed by the Brazilian ambassador, Mr. D. da Gama, and Senor Don Juan Biano y Gayangos, the Spanish ambassador. Then came the ministers from Argentina, Belgium, Chile, China, Mr. Chang Tang; Colombia, Costa Bica, Cuba, Denmark, Ecuador, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Persia, Portugal, Salvador, Siam, Sweden, Switzerland, and Uruguay. Chief Justice White and the Associate Justices of the United States Supreme Court were announced after the diplomats had been seated. They occupied seats to the left of the Vice President. Then came Bear Admiral Yreeland and Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, Chief of Staff of the Army. The President's Cabinet was announced. They had met in the President's room just off the Marble Hall. They were shown to the seats that had been reserved. Mrs. Willis B. Sparks, the Senator's daughter, accompanied by her son, Augustus 0. Bacon Sparks, and Miss Louise Curry en- tered the Chamber from the Vice President's room, and were shown to seats reserved for the family in front of the Vice President's desk. Judge William Bailey Lamar and Mrs. Lamar, of Florida, fol- lowed the members of the immediate family, and occupied seats with them. The Judge and Mrs. Lamar were warm friends of Senator Bacon, and at the request of Mrs. Sparks they accom- panied her, as did Wallace Miller, son of Judge A. L. Miller, of Macon, Senator Bacon's law partner for years; Judge Custis Not- tingham, his counsel in Macon; Mrs. Joseph B. Lamar, wife of Justice Lamar, of the Supreme Court, and John T. Boifeuillet, clerk of the Foreign Belations Committee. [162] Funeral Services in Washington When Vice President Marshall walked slowly to his seat and called the Senate to order, the short and simple services began. Departing from the customary form, Mr. Marshall, in a voice full of feeling and lowered almost to a whisper, said : "Senators, the hour has arrived at which, in accordance with the orders of the Senate, the final ceremonies over the body of Augustus Octavius Bacon, late a Senator from Georgia, and an unusually distinguished Member of this body, are to be observed. "In conformity to custom and in token of our common faith, the Chaplain of the Senate will offer a prayer to God the Father, God the Redeemer, and God the Comforter." The Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, Chaplain of the Senate, offered prayer. The Episcopal burial service was pronounced by the Right Rev. Alfred Harding, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Washington, and a benediction followed by the Chaplain. After the lapse of probably a minute the Vice President spoke again. He said: " Into the loving hands of the committees of Congress and the officers of the Senate we consign the mortal body of our well- beloved Senator to be by them conveyed to his home in the State of Georgia, there to be deposited in its final resting place. May his labors in the cause of constitutional liberty long bless the Republic." The casket remained in the Senate Chamber until 3.30 o'clock, when it was removed to the Union Station, where it was placed aboard the special train in waiting. W. T. Roberts and John T. Duncan, of Douglasville, Ga., who were in Senator Bacon's command during the war, arrived in Washington this morning to attend the funeral. They accom- panied the remains to Georgia. Custis Nottingham, postmaster of Macon, and Wallace Miller, representing the Bar Association of Macon, arrived yesterday. Senator Overman, acting chairman of the Senate committee and of the joint committee on arrangement, in the absence of Senator Hoke Smith, was forbidden at the last minute to make the trip to Georgia. The Senator recently underwent an opera- tion for appendicitis, and this morning he awoke with a heavy cold and an attack of rheumatism, from which he sometimes suffers. In spite of his physicians' warning to remain indoors, [163] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Mr. Overman hastened to the Capitol and directed the final ar- rangement until train time. He abandoned, however, the idea of accompanying the remains to Georgia. Senator Hoke Smith will join the committee in Atlanta. The Georgia congressional delegation, through Congressman Bartlett, wired to Macon for its floral offering for the funeral of Senator Bacon. It was decided unanimously that the offering should represent the coat of arms of the State of Georgia — an arch representing the Constitution, supported by three pillars representing wisdom, justice, and moderation. [164] BODY IN STATE AT ATLANTA, GA. [From the Atlanta Journal of Feb. 18, 1914] Reposing in a massive mahogany case, the casket containing the body of the late Senator Augustus Octavius Bacon arrived in Atlanta at 11.30 o'clock Wednesday morning from Washing- ton, accompanied by members of the dead Senator's immediate family and an honorary escort of distinguished Senators and Congressmen, representing the United States Congress. The train was met at the Terminal Station by members of the governor's staff, the Fifth Regiment of State Militia, statehouse officers, the mayor of Atlanta, and the members of the city council. The casket, wreathed in flowers, the tributes of the President of the United States and Mrs. Wilson and the membership of the United States Senate, was lifted tenderly from the private car " Republic," in which it was brought to Atlanta, and removed to the capitol, where it will lie in state until 4.30 o'clock, when the journey to Macon will be resumed. The procession to the capitol was one of the most impressive ever seen in Atlanta, and the crowds that lined the streets bowed •their heads in respectful silence as the cortege proceeded from the station. The trip from Washington was uneventful, marked only by the sorrow of the dead Senator's loved ones and colleagues aboard the train. Those in the party were: Mrs. Willis B. Sparks, daughter of the dead Senator; her son, A. 0. Bacon Sparks, a law student at the University of Georgia; Miss Louise Curry, a student at Hollins College, Virginia; Col. John T. Boifeuillet, Judge Custis Nottingham, and Wallace Miller. These persons traveled in the private car "Republic." In the Pullman car " Melfort " were the members of the Senate committee — Mr. Fletcher, of Florida; Mr. Pomerene, of Ohio; Mr. Thomas, of Colorado; Mr. Vardaman, of Mississippi; Mr. Martine, of New Jersey; Mr. Gallinger, of New Hampshire; Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota; Mr. Brandegee, of Connecticut; Mr. Page, of Vermont; Mr. Baker, of South Carolina, Secretary of the [165] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Senate; Col. Charles P. Higgins, of St. Louis, Sergeant at Arms of the Senate. Former Gov. Joseph W. Folk, of Missouri, Solicitor of the State Department, was also in this car as the personal representative of the President and Secretary of State Bryan, bearing a personal message of condolence to the widow and members of the late Senator's family. The Pullman car " Olympic " brought the committee from the House of Representatives — Congressman Bartlett, of the sixth, dean of the Georgia delegation; Congressman Adamson, of the fourth; Congressman Hardwick, of the tenth; Congressman Bell, of the ninth; Congressman Tribble, of the eighth; Congressman Howard, of the fifth; Congressman Hughes, of the twelfth; Con- gressman Walker, of the eleventh; Congressman Park, of the second; Congressman Prouty, of Iowa; Congressman Ferris, of Oklahoma; James L. Fort, of Georgia, Acting Sergeant at Arms of the House. Senator Hoke Smith boarded the train at Chamblee, and Sena- tor Tillman, of South Carolina, met the party at the Terminal Station. It seemed as if all of Atlanta and half of Georgia had gathered at the Terminal Station to see the body of Senator Bacon brought home to his own people. For an hour before the train arrived a steady stream of citizens poured down Mitchell Street and banked in great crowds about the big plaza. The station and neighboring hotels and business houses were thick with men and women peering from doors and windows and swarming out upon the roofs. From old men in tattered Confederate uniforms to little fel- lows in cadet gray, the city was there to welcome in sorrow their soldier and statesman. Inside the station two cadet corps, Marist College and the Georgia Military Academy, were formed in two long lines from the entrance to trains to the sunny plaza without and the black funeral car waiting for its burden. A detail of six enlisted men from the Seventeenth Infantry took the casket as it was borne from the tracks below on an elevator. They marched out be- tween the two lines of cadets. Following them came the funeral party from Washington, United States Senators and Congressmen, prominent personages, all in the counsels of the Nation and warm [166] Body in State at Atlanta, Ga. personal friends of the dead man. Members of city council came next. Around the funeral car outside were banked the veterans, sev- eral of whom were members of Senator Bacon's old regiment, the Ninth Georgia. They had been chatting quietly among them- selves, recalling the days when they fought under the Stars and Bars side by side with the comrade now gone before them. Now and then one would glance fondly at the moldy banner of red and blue wrapped around a battered stick. It was the flag of Camp Walker, the same under which Senator Bacon served. There was little delay about starting the procession. Through crowds so thick they were pressed close against the curbing and walls a platoon of 20 mounted policemen under Chief of Police Beavers started down Mitchell Street. Already the band of the Seventeenth had broken into the measured strains of the funeral march. Close behind the city officers came the Begulars and the militia. The slow, deep-toned notes of Chopin boomed out over the tremendous crowd, all silent, standing there with bared heads in the bright sun of noon. The Seventeenth and the Fifth proceeded at a slow pace down Mitchell Street, marching at shoulder arms, 12 abreast. Close behind them came the junior soldiers, the boys of Marist College and Georgia Military Academy. The Begulars, the militia, and the school boys were followed by the old veterans. Thirty-two of them marched slowly ahead of the funeral car. On either side of the hearse were members of the governor's staff and two lines of veterans. More old soldiers followed. On the heels of the veterans came the members of the Macon Bar Association, about 25 in number, and representatives of the Macon Board of Education. The city council of Atlanta, headed by Mayor Woodward and Alderman Nutting, came just ahead of the members of the Atlanta Bar Association. Following were the members of the committee representing the Atlanta Bar Association: A. C. King, A. G. Powell, Morris Brandon, Beuben B. Arnold, H. C. Peeples, Burton Smith, Hooper Alexander, E. W. Born, J. W. Bachman, Van Astor Batchelor, Frampton E. Ellis, Harrison Jones, Hollins N. Bandolph, Shepard Bryan, Harold Hirsch, Walter T. Colquitt, C. B. Shelton, Sam Dick, [167] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Albert Howell, jr., Jerome R. Moore, W. A. Fuller, Leonard Haas, Sam D. Hewlett, Lamar Hill, Arminius Wright, A. J. Orme, James L. Key, Hughes Spalding, Edgar Latham, John D. Little, Dan McDougald, Walter 0. Marshburn, E. R. Rlack, Walter McElreath, Sanders McDaniel, James M. Napier, Henry A. Newman, Winfield P. Jones, J. H. Porter, Ronald Ransom, Alex W. Smith, jr., John Y. Smith, W. C. Latimer, George Westmoreland, W. D. Ellis, jr., Lee M. Jordan, Cam D. Dorsey, and Asa W. Candler, jr. The committee from the Macon Bar Association was as follows : Charles H. Hall, jr., chairman, Judge N. E. Harris, Judge H. A. Mathews, Judge Robert Hodges, Dupont Guerry, Joe Hill Hall, R. C. Jordan, George S. Jones, R. A. Nisbet, Alexander Akerman, Walter Defore, W. D. McNeil, R. K. Hines, H. F. Strohecker, F. R. Martin, O. A. Park, J. E. Hall, B. J. Fowler, Claud Estes, and A. L. Dasher. Following was the escort from the board of trustees of the State University: Judge Hamilton McWTiorter, Dr. Nathaniel E. Harris, Judge George F. Gober, Col. William E. Simmons, Clark Howell, John T. Newton, Judge E. H. Callaway, John W. Bennett, Gen. Peter W. Meldrim, and B. S. Miller. Last followed carriages filled with members of the funeral party and several prominent Atlanta citizens. The procession was a long one. The line of march was along Mitchell Street to Whitehall to Hunter Street to the capitol. So long was the parade that the last carriage had hardly left the station when the mounted officers in front were breasting the Hunter Street hill to the capitol. Soldiers of the Seventeenth formed in phalanxes along Wash- ington Street, while the Fifth Regiment threw out a long line from the steps on the Washington Street entrance to the rotunda. As the funeral car stopped outside the statehouse Gov. Slaton with uncovered head preceded the casket into the capitol. The rotunda was dim lit and green with palms. John T. Boifeuillet, Senator Bacon's secretary, stood by the head of the casket as it was placed in the center of the rotunda. Two monster floral wreaths were on top. Mr. Boifeuillet had one removed and gently opened the casket. The marble coun- tenance of the dead Senator was revealed. Outside, the long lines of soldiers stood at present arms. The band played " Nearer My God to Thee." [168] Body in State at Atlanta, Ga. Two abreast the members of the honorary escort from Wash- ington filed by the casket and passed out the Hunter Street en- trance. Mr. Boifeuillet stood by the head of the casket while men and women walked slowly past and gazed down at the dead man's face. The old veteran with the banner stopped for a moment. He asked Mr. Boifeuillet a question and the latter nodded. The Confederate flag was placed at the head of the casket and there beneath its folds Senator Bacon's body reposed while such a crowd of men and women and little children passed by as have seldom gathered to do honor to a citizen. Four officers of the governor's staff were on guard from 12 to 1 o'clock; four officers of the Georgia Military Academy Cadet Corps took their places from 1 to 2 o'clock; as guard during the next hour the Fifth Infantry furnished four guards; and from 3 to 4 o'clock four officers of the Marist College Cadet Corps performed that honor duty. No ceremony was held in Atlanta. The funeral service and prayer pronounced in the Senate Chamber at Washington Tues- day was repeated in Christ Church, Macon, Thursday morning, and later at Bose Hill Cemetery. In Atlanta no word was said over the body of the lamented Senator. The funeral escort from the railway station to the capitol, the guard of honor over the remains as they lay in state, and the funeral procession from the capitol back to the railway station are part of Georgia's silent reverence offered here. In that same silence thousands looked for the last time on the face of Mr. Bacon. CoL Charles P. Higgins, the Senate's Sergeant at Arms, in general charge of all arrangements for the funeral, was assisted en route to Atlanta by J. F. Jenkins, passenger agent of the Southern. The perfection of detail that marked the ceremonies in the United States Senate yesterday was maintained on the homeward journey, and Col. Higgins was congratulated generally on the clocklike precision with which the desires of the com- mittee were carried out. [169] BURIAL AT MACON, GA. [From the Atlanta Journal of Feb. 19, 1914] By Ralph Smith Macon, Ga., February 19. — Hundreds of lifelong friends gath- ered to-day in this city, his old home, to do homage to the mem- ory of the late Senator Augustus 0. Bacon. Despite a. heavy rain, which started early this morning and continued throughout the services, thousands lined the streets and stood uncovered while the funeral procession passed. The body of the late Senator, which reached here at 8.30 o'clock last night, lay in state in the city hall until the hour set for the funeral. It then was borne tenderly to Christ Episcopal Church, where the Senator and his family had worshipped for many years. Here brief funeral services were conducted by the rector, Rev. John H. Bunting. The body was borne to Rose Hill Cemetery, and while scores of the Nation's leaders looked on the flower-banked bier was lowered into a grave next to that of the late Senator's oldest son, Augustus, jr. Because of the small seating capacity of Christ Church hun- dreds of those who had known and loved the late Senator were turned away. These lined the streets, and stood with heads bared while the cortege passed. All Macon joined in paying tribute to her honored son. Every school, the city hall, and practically all business establishments were closed during the hour of the funeral. Robert C. Alston, president of the Georgia Bar Association, appointed the following committee to attend the funeral of Senator Bacon: Judge Samuel B. Adams, of Savannah; Judge Andrew J. Cobb, of Athens; Col. Walter A. Harris, of Macon; Burton Smith, of Atlanta; Judge Joel Branham, of Rome; Reuben R. Arnold, of Atlanta; Judge John S. Candler, of Atlanta; John E. Donnelson, of Bainbridge; J. H. Fulbright, of Waynesboro; H. A. Hall, of Newnan. Senator Bacon had been a member of the association from its earliest days. [170] Burial at Macon, Ga. Heading the funeral procession was a platoon of Macon police, followed by a military detail composed of members of the Hussars, Volunteers, and Floyd Rifles, Macon's three military organizations. Mayor Bridges Smith and members of the city council followed in carriages and automobiles. Twenty members of the Macon Bar Association were next in order. Confederate veterans, a half hundred in number, who had obeyed the commands of the Senator during the war, were next in line. Next, with bowed heads, came 10 United States Senators and the Georgia delegation in the House appointed as a committee from Washington to accompany the body on a special train from the National Capital to Macon. Gov. John M. Slaton and his staff followed, preceding the pall- bearers, who were chosen from the close business associates of Senator Bacon in this city. Several hundred Masons followed in carriages. The hearse preceded the family carriages, which con- cluded the procession. The services at the church were brief. The minister spoke in fond tribute of the late Senator, and the church choir sang of "Peace, Perfect Peace" and another favorite hymn of the Senator's, "Hark, Hark, My Soul, Angelic Voices Swelling." The pallbearers, Roland Ellis, Minter Wimberly, R. C. Jordan, Emory Winship, L. P. Hillyer, John T. Boifeuillet, Custis Notting- ham, and Wallace Miller, all of Macon, bore the casket to the hearse, and the funeral procession proceeded to Rose Hill Ceme- tery between two long lines of school children, many of whom had known Senator Bacon, and thousands of other admirers. Macon Lodge of Masons, of which Senator Bacon had been a member for over 40 years, said the last rites while sorrowing hundreds looked on and the body was gently lowered to its final resting place. Senator Bacon was a member of Macon Lodge of Masons No. 3, one of the oldest in the country, and the one which entertained Gen. Lafayette here several years after the Revolutionary War. A message of sympathy and condolence from President Wilson and Secretary of State Bryan, penned in the hand of the latter, was delivered to Mrs. A. 0. Bacon, widow of the lamented Sena- tor, last night shortly after the arrival of the funeral train in Macon. The message was delivered in person by Gov. Joseph W. [171] Memorial Addresses : Senator Bacon Folk, of Missouri, Solicitor of the State Department, who was dispatched on the mission by the Secretary of State. Gov. Folk came with the committee of Senators. The message follows: State Department, Washington, February 17. My Dear Mrs. Bacon: Being prevented by important public business from accompanying your husband's remains to Georgia, I have, at the President's direction, designated Gov. Folk, Solicitor of the State Department, to deliver to you a message of con- dolence and sympathy. During the past year I have been in intimate association with the Senator, and my affection for him grew, as did my apprecia- tion of his great ability, his tireless industry, and his conscien- tious devotion to duty. He was a tower of strength to the executive department as well as to the Senate, and will be missed by all who are connected with the administration, especially by those who deal with foreign affairs. His death is a personal loss and I share your sorrow. But more soothing than any words must be the consolation that you find in the fact that he rendered a large and conspicuous service to his country and won the respect and admiration of all who were fortunate enough to be brought into official relations with him. His life was rich in fruitage and crowned with that "loving favor" which is rather to be chosen than silver and gold. His good name and his wide-extended fame are to you a sacred possession, and to his children and grandchildren a priceless heritage. Sincerely, yours, (Signed) William Jennings Bryan. To Mrs. A. 0. Bacon, Macon, Ga. [172] TRIBUTES [From the Atlanta Journal of Feb. 15, 1914] By Ralph Smith Washington, D. C, February Ik. — When President Wilson heard of Senator Bacon's death he was sitting at his typewriter. He wrote the following statement on his machine and issued it to the press: "All who knew Senator Bacon will sincerely deplore his death. It deprives the Senate of one of its oldest and most experienced Members, a man who held with something like reverence to the traditions of the great body of which he was so long a part and who sought in all that he did to maintain its standards of states- manship and service. The great State of Georgia will greatly miss her distinguished son and servant. My own association with him had been of the most cordial, and, to me, helpful sort. I particularly profited by his experience in foreign affairs." The expression of President Wilson on the death of Senator Bacon is only one of hundreds of sympathetic statements that could be heard everywhere to-night in Washington. Vice President Marshall said: "Senator Bacon was one of the most lovable and capable men in the Senate. I had come to think a great deal of him and to pay respect to his opinions. He always had the facts to back up his judgment." John Bassett Moore, Counselor of the State Department and Acting Secretary in the absence of Mr. Bryan, said to-night: " Senator Bacon was a man of rare ability and profound knowl- edge of American affairs, both foreign and domestic. His death is a great loss both to the Senate and the country. His place will be hard to fill." Senator Tillman, who was a warm personal friend of Senator Bacon, wired Vice President Marshall from Atlanta, asking that he be named on the committee to pay a last tribute to his friend. The honorable South Carolinian, who is loved in Georgia and loves Georgians almost as well as South Carolinians, has been always on terms of intimate cordiality with Georgia's Senators. When Senator Clay died Mr. Tillman pulled himself out of a sick bed to attend the funeral at Marietta, and now, though he [173] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon is under the care of physicians, he will follow Georgia's senior Senator to the grave. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts, the ranking Republican member of the Foreign Relations Committee, was affected visibly by the news of Mr. Bacon's death. He and the Georgian were friends and mutual admirers for years. During the illness of Senator Bacon no one inquired more regularly about his condition than did Mr. Lodge. Mr. Lodge to-night said: "A great loss has been sustained by the Nation in the death of Senator Bacon." Senator Elihu Root, of New York, also a member of the Foreign Relations Committee and former Secretary of State, was another admirer and friend of the Georgian, who expressed profound regret at his death. Senator Overman, of North Carolina, who served for many years on the Rules and Judiciary Committees of the Senate with Senator Bacon, declared that the Senate and the Democratic Party had lost a man in the death of Senator Bacon whose place it would be hard to fill. Senator Overman said: "He was a most useful Senator. I do not believe there was his equal in the Senate on matters relating to the foreign policy of the United States, nor was there a Senator so well informed con- cerning the rules of the Senate. And Senator Bacon not only was equipped with knowledge and information, he was a great debater and could defend a position once he took it. Personally, I loved him and I feel that I have lost a true friend." William Schley Howard, Congressman from the fifth district, who is a first cousin of Senator Bacon on his mother's side, was deeply affected by the death of his distinguished relative, and to- night he made the following statement: " Senator Bacon was one of the foremost men in the United States Senate. His death is a great loss to the Nation at this critical period in its foreign affairs. No man in the country was more conversant with our foreign relations than was Senator Bacon. "The entire Georgia delegation is deeply grieved over his death. The loss of his wise counsel, his great influence, his unflinching devotion to his State, and his great experience in national affairs is irreparable. [174] Tributes " Georgians never bestowed honors upon one of her favorite sons who wore them more gracefully or reflected more honor upon them than did Senator Bacon. "He was my close kinsman. My deep affection for him will be everlasting, and his death takes out of my life one who has been as considerate of my welfare as a father would have been of his son." Congressman Dudley M. Hughes, of the twelfth district, said: "The death of Senator Bacon is a national calamity. He was a statesman in the very highest meaning of the word. Georgia has lost her greatest son. He was a faithful friend. I say this after an intimacy of 35 years." Bepresentative Charles L. Bartlett, of the sixth district, whose fellow townsman the Senator was, was shocked at his death. He said to-night: "I had known Senator Bacon since I was a boy in college, and I entertained for him always the highest admiration. He was a remarkable man, and occupied a justly conspicuous place in the councils of his party and in the affections of his friends. His standing in the Senate was a credit to his State and to the Nation. His death will prove a great loss. His place will be hard to fill. His familiarity with the foreign policy of the United States and his devotion to the administration were such as to make his service well nigh indispensable." Congressman Adamson said: " Senator Bacon was a great man, and his public life has re- flected credit and glory on our State. I keenly regret his sudden death, and am sure that his loss will be felt in the Senate and by the people of Georgia." Congressman Hardwick said: " I was shocked and grieved beyond measure to learn of Sena- tor Bacon's death. I had understood and hoped, with his other friends, that he was on the road to recovery. His record in the Senate was one of which all Georgians should feel proud, and I join with my colleagues in mourning his death, which I feel is a great loss to the State of Georgia." Congressman Bell shared with others the grief at the death of Senator Bacon. He said: "A great Senator, an able lawyer and statesman passed away when Senator Bacon died. His loyalty to duty, his service to his State and the Nation were appreciated by those who were fa- miliar with his work in the Senate." [175] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Congressman Tribble said: "I was pained to learn that Senator Bacon was dead. In my association with him in Washington I had learned to love and admire him as a man of unusual ability and sterling loyalty. He was a great credit to our State, and his services were entitled to the appreciation they received." Congressman Edwards, of the first district, said: "In the death of Senator Bacon Georgia has lost one of her first citizens and the country has lost one of its ablest and truest statesmen. He was of great service and value to the Democratic Party and to the administration in his work as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee and his loss will be felt." Congressman Park, of the second district, said: " Senator Bacon was a great and good man, and I am sincerely sorry at his death. In the short time that I have been in Wash- ington I was impressed with Senator Bacon's high rank and influence in the Senate. I was proud of him as a Georgian and I deeply regret his death." Congressman Walker, of the eleventh, said: " The death of Senator Bacon was untimely and unexpected. We had all hoped that his illness was only temporary and that he would be out again soon and in the Senate, where we were accustomed to seeing him daily at his post of duty. He was a valuable Senator to the Nation as a whole and to the people of Georgia. He enjoyed the confidence and respect of his col- leagues in the Senate, as he did of the people of Georgia and of others who knew him." Congressmen Crisp and Lee were not in the city to-day. The former has gone west for his health and Mr. Lee will join the funeral party in Atlanta. Washington, February 16. — The grief occasioned in Washing- ton by the Senator's death was reflected throughout the Nation, and yesterday Mrs. Sparks and Col. Boifeuillet received hundreds of telegrams from sorrowing friends. Among those received were the following: Chancellor David C. Barrow, of the State university, of which Senator Bacon was an alumnus and a trustee: " I am deeply distressed over the loss of Senator Bacon. The public laments the statesman, his friends the man." [176] Tributes Herbert Clay, son of former Senator A. S. Clay : " My father's best friend has gone to join him. It is the Nation's loss. Please accept my deep sympathy." Mayor L. H. Chappell, of Columbus: "America has sustained a great loss." Congressman Charles R. Crisp, from Colorado Springs: " Georgia and the Nation has lost a great statesman. Accept my sincerest sympathy." Rev. W. L. Pickard, Savannah: " Georgia mourns one of her most illustrious sons." L. J. Harris, Albany: " Senator Racon's death is a great national loss." Col. Peter W. Meldrim, Savannah: " Inexpressibly shocked at the sad news. Please extend my sincerest sympathy to the family." Judge Hamilton McWhorter, Athens: " Senator Racon's death is a distinct loss to the entire country." T. D. Tinsley, Macon : "A great man has fallen and a Nation mourns." Judge N. A. Morris, Marietta: " Senator Racon's death is a distinct loss to the entire Nation." Fermor Rarrett, Tocca: " For some time to come neither Georgia, the Union, nor civi- lization will appreciate their loss in Senator Racon's death." Roykin Wright, Augusta: '* The State of Georgia and the country have lost a great Sena- tor and citizen." Henry Howard, St. Louis, Mo. : " The death of the captain has broken my heart." Mr. Howard served in Senator Racon's command during the war. David C. Rarrow, collector of the port of Savannah, and son of former Senator Pope Rarrow: " Wire me the funeral arrangements. I would like to attend and accompany the Senator's body to its grave. All of my father's children feel the sincerest grief at the death of his most devoted, lifelong friend." 87634°— 15 12 [177] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon W. S. West, Valdosta : " In the death of Senator Bacon the Nation loses a great publicist and an illustrious statesman." Calvin M. Hitch, Atlanta: " In the death of Senator Bacon I have lost my best friend." Joseph K. Ohl, of New York : " Your sorrow, my sorrow. For nearly 20 years we were thrown together most intimately. His never-failing friendship was one of my most valued possessions." 0. H. B. Bloodworth and son, Forsyth : "In common with thousands all over the Union we are grief- stricken over the death of Senator Bacon. The Nation mourns, but the grief is most poignant to those of us who knew and loved him. The country could ill afford to lose his safe counsels and the benefit of his wisdom and statesmanship." Reyburn G. Clay, of Marietta : " The Nation has sustained a great loss." Mayor H. A. Tarver, Albany: "Am crushed by the news of Senator Bacon's death. A great Senator and true man has gone to his reward." [From the Atlanta Journal of Feb. 15, 1914] • Following the news of Senator A. 0. Bacon's death in a Wash- ington hospital Saturday afternoon, expressions of profoundest regret have been voiced by Senator Hoke Smith, his colleague in the Senate, by Cabinet members in Atlanta, by Gov. Slaton, and by men in both public and private life who entertained the deepest love and respect for the dead man. Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo, Secretary of Agriculture Houston, and Comptroller of Currency John Skelton Williams, all of whom received the sad news of the Senator's death while attending the regional bank hearing in Atlanta, were greatly shocked and spoke in highest terms of the man they had known personally in the Capital. Senator Hoke Smith and Gov. John M. Slaton, both of whom were to have been leading speakers at the banquet tendered the three distinguished visitors Saturday evening, informed Toast- master Robert F. Maddox that they would be forced to decline in consideration of the sudden death of Senator Bacon. Both Senator Smith and Gov. Slaton were warm personal friends of Senator Bacon and feel his loss greatly. [178] Tributes In his letter to Toastmaster Maddox, Gov. Slaton paid tribute to Senator Bacon as a statesman and a man whom he had known long and intimately. He wrote : Hon. Robert F. Maddox, City. Dear Mr. Maddox: I returned from Savannah this morning in order that I might have the privilege of welcoming the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Comptroller of the Currency. One is a native Georgian and the other gen- tlemen are southern born, and I anticipated the pleasure of expressing to them the pride all Georgians felt in their exaltation to high official position in the councils of the Nation. I am prevented, however, from attendance by the death of Hon. A. O. Bacon, one of the United States Senators from Georgia. He was speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives for 16 years, and had been elected for four consecutive terms to represent the sovereignty of Georgia in the United States Senate. An unswerving adherent of principle amidst the changes of political life, a Georgia gentleman, a Senator true to the splendid traditions of that august body in the loftiest sense, his loss is irreparable to the Nation and State. For years he was my friend and his death is a personal bereavement. "I trust you will express my regrets to our distinguished guests. The unexpected situation will be accepted as the excuse for my absence, especially in view of the official position I occupy. Very truly, yours, John M. Slaton. The news of the death of Senator Bacon, of Georgia, reached Atlanta a few minutes before the reserve bank organization com- mittee convened the afternoon hearing in the Federal building. To these high Government officials the news was particularly shocking. They were personally acquainted with Senator Bacon, and in their official capacities came in frequent contact with him at Washington. Each of the members of the committee gave to The Journal a few words of appreciation of the Senator's high ability and character. Mr. McAdoo, the Secretary of the Treasury, and chairman of the committee, said: " Senator Bacon was a gentleman of the old school, and a statesman of high type. The party and the Nation lose a public servant of great patriotism and ability." [179] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bacon Mr. Houston, the Secretary of Agriculture, said: " I am shocked and grieved to hear of Senator Bacon's death. He had the respect of the Senate and of the Nation in a very high degree. Through a long and distinguished career he was one of the leaders of the party and the Nation. We must all mourn his loss." Mr. Williams, the Comptroller of the Currency, said : " Senator Bacon represented a high type of statesman. He was a classical scholar, a man of lofty ideals and rare refine- ment, a charming exponent of the old life in the South. He has been in his more active days a strong force and a healthy in- fluence in the councils of the Nation." Senator Hoke Smith was interrupted at luncheon in the Pied- mont Hotel with the information that Senator Bacon had just died. He was evidently much shocked. " I am greatly distressed by this," he said, after a pause. " Pri- vate telegrams that I received last night indicated that he was better. " Senator Bacon was a great Senator. He not only represented the State, but he represented the South and the entire Nation. The death of no other Senator could have caused to the Demo- cratic Party so serious a loss. It is hard to estimate the value of the services he was rendering. The place he occupied in the Senate with his 18 years -ofvexperience can not be filled." [From the Atlanta Journal of Feb. 18, 1914] The general council of the city met in special session Thursday morning at the call of Mayor Woodward for the purpose of pay- ing homage to the late Senator A. 0. Bacon. Besolutions were adopted expressing appreciation of Senator Bacon's high ability and character and mourning his loss. The council then ad- journed and went in a body to the Terminal Station to meet the body of the Senator on its arrival from Washington and to join in the procession which accompanied the body to the State capitol. The resolutions, introduced by Alderman J. H. Nutting, read as follows : " Resolved by the mayor and general council, That this body has learned with sincere sorrow and deep regret of the death of Hon. A. O. Bacon, senior Senator from Georgia in the National Congress. "Resolved further, That in the death of Senator Bacon Georgia has lost one of her most distinguished sons and the whole [180] Tributes country a faithful and devoted public servant. Senator Bacon not only served his State with signal ability in time of peace, but in the trying days of war he was no less faithful. He has left a record that reflects luster on the State and a name and fame that will grow brighter and more illustrious as time goes on. "Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the distinguished dead this body do now adjourn for the purpose of taking part in the ceremonies attendant upon the arrival of the body from the National Capital. "Resolved further, That a copy of these resolutions be fur- nished the family by the clerk of council." [From the Washington (D. C.) Post of Apr. 6, 1914] Bogota, Colombia, April 5. — The Assembly of the Department of Santander has adopted a resolution of sympathy on the death of United States Senator Bacon, of Georgia. This resolution is to be sent to the President of Colombia, and later through the minister of foreign affairs to the American minister at Bogota for transmission to the United States Government. The resolution reads: " The Assembly of the Department of Santander, interpreting the patriotic sentiments of the worthy people it represents, and considering the expression of its thanks and appreciation an act of justice to those who have labored or labor for the supreme rights of the country and humanity, deeply regrets the death of the distinguished North American Senator, Mr. Augustus Octa- vius Bacon, who placed his highest abilities at the service of Colombia and weak nations, battling for her in the Congress of his country in connection with the events that took place in Panama. " Resolved, That this resolution be communicated to the Presi- dent of the Republic for transmission through the Minister for Foreign Affairs to the diplomatic representative of the United States in Bogota, in order that the latter may forward it to his Government." [181]