SF D5 Copy 1 427 ^AjsjCIEi^s' [-j^f^D yOOt^S. .A^THE-^l. 1 OY DOG. BY JOHN E. DIEHL. PRICE 25 CENTS. S>UBLISHfn> BY THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS, 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa. "'\ TOY Doas THEIR ORIGIN, DIFFERENT BREEDS, HOW TO SELECT, BREED, AND MANAGE THEM, TOGETHER WITH THEIR DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS, WITH REMEDIES FOR THE SAME BY HOMCEOPATHICAND ALLOPATHIC TREATMENTS. BY JOHN E. DIEHL, author of The " Domestic Cat " and the " Poultry Doctor.' Published by THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS, CITY OFFICE : 400 NORTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. •15 Entered according to Act ol Congress, in the year 1899, by the ASSOCIATf:D FANCIERS, la the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D C. Gift "piiblislier ^ TOY DOGS. fe' ORIGIN OF THE DOG. From the earliest mention of dogs, it is believed they have always been the faithful companions and true friends of the human race, and their services have been utilized in more ways than one. As regards their origin, we might as well give that up, although so much has been written about it by naturalists and others, nothing definite has been arrived at, as all theories and conjee tures that have been promulgated, have remained un- supported by the slightest proofs. Dogs are more or less endowed with sagacity amounting to almost reasoning power; a sharp scent, keen sight, and in some instances, strong courage. They are to be met with in all parts of the world, but it is generally in the more temperate climates, that they are found in perfection The ancients highly prized the flesh of the dog as food, and even at the present date they are eaten and relished by the in- habitants of China and the Society Islands. However, as we are not writing on dogs in general, we will refer the reader to the larger works, tliat treat more fully upon the subject. Our intentions are only to take up the smaller breeds of dogs, such as are used for pets inside of the house. These small dogs are designated as toys, and are no doubt evolved from the larger animals, as we can bring nothing to prove that they were originally distinct breeds. TOY DOGS. ANATOMY OF THE DOG In order that the reader may intelligently understand the technical terms, of the different j^arts of a dog, the following diagram will aid in locating the same : DIAGRAM OF DOG. 1. Nose. 9. Top of Shoulder-blade 16, Knee. 2. Flews or Chaps. or "Shoulder." 17. Stitle-joiHt. 3. 5jasal. 10. Top of hip-joint. 18. Hocks. 4. Stop. U. Shoulder-blade or Scap- 91. Tail, Stern, Brush, or 5. Skull. ula. Flag; the latter is the 6. Occiput. 12. Rump-bone. long liair on the tail 7. Dewlap, when there are 13. Arm. of long haired dogs. such. U. Elbow. 20. Chest. ^. Brisket. 15. Fore-arm. 21. Pasterns. The definition of the different terms used in the make- up of the dog, are as follows ; TOY DOGS. FIG. 15.— BUTTON-EAR. Apple-Headed. — This term implies that the skull is round instead ot flat on the top. Blaze. — A white mark up the face. Brisket (No. 8). — The part of the bo^ly in front of the chest Brush. — One of the terms used for the tail ; generally applied to Sheep- dogs. Butterfly -nose. — A spotted nose. Button-ear. — An ear which falls over in front, concealing the inside, as in Fox-terriers. (See Fig. 15). Cat-foot. — A short, round foot, with the knuckles high and well de- veloped. (See Fig. 16). Chest (No. 20). — The chest of a dog is not what many people speak of as breast, or chest, but extends underneath him, fron the brisket to the belly. Cobby. — Well ribbed-up ; short and compact in pro- portion. Couplings. — The length or space between the tops of the shoulder-blades and tops of the hip-joints, or huckle-bones. The term denotes the proportion- ate length of a dog, which is accordingly spoken of as long or short " in the couplings." Cow-hocked. — The hocks turning inwards. De7ulap (No. 7). — Pendulous sk'n under the throat, ^j^ jg _^^^ Dew-claw. — An extra claw, four-d occasionally on the 'foot. legs of all breeds, but especially the St Bernard. Dish-faced. — This term describes a dog whose nasal bone is higher at the nose than at the stop. A feature not unfrequently seen in Pointers. Dudley nose. — A flesh-colored nose. Elbow (No. 14). — The joint at top of the fore- arm. Elbows out. — This term almost describes it- self, but will be understood instantly from Fig. 18. Bull-dogs and Dachshunds are desired with elbows so shaped, but it may occur as a fault through weakness. Feather. — The fringe of hair on the back of some breeds' legs ; notably Setters, Span- iels, and Shftep-dogs. fio. is.—klbows ou* 8 TOY DOGS. Flag. — A term for the tail applied to Setters, Flews (No. 2). — The chaps, or overhanging lips of the upper j«W. The term is chiefly applied to hounds or other deep-mouthed dog. Fore-arm (No. 15). — This makes the principal length of the fore-leg, and extends from elbow to pastern. Frill. — The projecting frinre of hair on the chest of some dogs, and especially of the Collie. Hare-Foot. — A long, narrow foot, carried for- ward. (See Fig. 19). ^^zw.— The red inside eye-lid, usually hidden, ^^«' l^'-^^^-^^o^' but specially prominent in Bloodhjunds. Height. — Th< height of a dog is measured at the shoulder, bending the head gently down. The proper method is to stand the dog on level ground close by a wall, and to lay a flat '■ule across his shoulders horizontally so as to touch the wall; then meas- ure to the point touched by the rule. Some people "tape" from the centre between the shoulders to the ground ; but this plan obviously adds to the real height of the dog, and is practi- cally a fraud. Hocks (No. 18).— The hock -joints. Huckle-bones {Yio. 10). — Tops of thehip joints. The space between these and the tops of the shoulders is called the couplings. Knee (No. 16). — The joint»attaching the fore-pasterns and fore-arm. Leather. — The skm of the car. Occiput (No. 6). —The prominent bone at the back or top of the skull; particularly prominent in Bloodhounds. Overshot. — The upper teeth projecting beyond the lower. This fault in excess makes a dog pig-jawed, which see at Fig. 20. Pastern (No. 21). — The lowest section of the leg, below the knee or hock, ^^^m^sm^mm,\ respectively. fi^^rnHByfl' A Pig-jawed. — The upper jaw protruding ^HB^ffij^^L^ f j over the lower, so that the upper incisor teeth are in advance of the lower, an exaggeration of an over- shot jaw. (See 1 ig. 20). Pily. — A peculiar quality of coat found in some dogs, wfiich show on ex- fig. 20.— pig-jawed. amination a short woolly jacket next the skin, out of which springs the longer coat which is visible. This short woolly TOY DOGS. 9 coat is " pily." When an ordinary coat is described as pily, it means that it is soft and woolly, instead of hard; which in such cases is of course a fault. Rose-ear. — An ear of which the point curls backwards and downwards, lying close to the inside burr of the ear. (See ^'s- 2^)- . . . Septum. — The division between the nostrils, Shoutders (No. 9). — The top of the shoulder- fig. 21.— rose-eaRc blades, the point at which the height of a dog is measured. Skull (No. 5). — This is formed by the frontal, parie- tal, and occipital bones. Splay-foot. — The foot spread out flat and awkwardly. (See Fig. 22). Stern. — The tail. Stifle-joint (No. 17). — The hip joint. fig. 22.— spLiy. Stop (No. 4). — The indentation between the skull foot. and nasal bone, near the eyes. This feature is strongly developed in Bull- dogs, Pugs, and Short-faced Spaniels, and considerably so in many otlier dogs. Tulip-ear. — An upright or pricked ear. Undershot. — The lower incisor teeth pro- jecting beyond the upper, as in Bull- dogs. (See Fig. 23). fiq. 23.-undkbsuoi. 10 TOY DOGS. SELECTING A DOG If you want a dog for breeding purposes, it is well to obtain one with a good pedigree, as good ancestry, will go a great ways in helping you to dispose of tlie progeny at remunerative prices, but if you want one mert ly for a companion or pet, you can often obtain them with far better points, and at much less cost than a highly pedi- greed animal. In making a selection of a dog, there are many characteristics and points that should be well looked into. Compact frames, with plenty of bone, contribute to strength, which is very desirable when dogs are kept principally for breeding; other points to be taken into consideration when selecting your dog, vary in the different breeds, which will be fully elucidated under the headings of those breeds. MANAGEMENT OF DOGS. To keep a dog healthy and in good condition, he should have plenty of out door exercise, particularly in fine weather; if he has access to a large yard, he can be allowed to roam at large, but if taken for a walk in the streets, to avoid accidents, he should be led by a chain or leader, attached to either a wide collar, or still better, a nice set of harness. If he is kept mostly out of doors, as is often the case in warm weather, he should have a roomy house, made perfectly rain or wind tight, with an opening cut in one end, so that he can go in and out at his pleasure. Should the owner so desire, he can have TOY DOGS. 11 his dog chained to the house, which should be located where it will not be exposed to the sun. In wunu weather there is no need to have a bed in the dog house, but if the weather is cold or chilly a bed composed of straw or shavings should be furnished. In winter weather small pet dogs are generally kept inside of doors, except when being exercised, in which case a low box or basket hamper with a carpet bedding in the bottom makes tlie best sleeping place for them. Pet dogs should be allowed to go out of doors at least three times a day, early morning, at noon, and the last thing at night, in order to attend to their affairs, which they soon get accustomed to perform and are thereby more apt to be clean when indoors. In correcting a dog for bad habits, or making him obedient in other respects, bear in mind that one good whipping is more effective in correcting him than a dozen slight punishments. Most owners overfeed their dogs, particularly with meat. Once a day is often enough to feed full-grown or healthy dogs, and that meal is better given to them in the evening, as after eating they will generally go to sleep, and are then not apt to howl or bark during the night. Their meal should consist of not over one-fourth meat, and that well cooked, which is sufficient for house dogs, that do not get much exercise. The best food for dogs are the scraps that come from the table, as they generally consist of a variety of things that are good and healthy, besides which they cost really nothing. Never give a dog more food than he will eat at one meal, as what he leaves is apt to lie around, and it either becomes tainted, or else the sight of it will be apt to spoil his ax^petite. Occasionally give your dog a bone, from which most of the meat has been scraped. It will not only ben efit the teeth, but strengthen the jaws, and will help to 12 TOY DOGS. amuse the dog for hours. When food has to be specially prepared for dogs, there is nothing better than meat chopped fine and well cook- ed, with equal parts of corn meal, bran meal and rice, which should be made up into the shape of biscuit or pudding. Dog biscuits are now prepared both in this country and England, and are becoming very popular, as they require no trouble to prepare them. By far the best and most satisfactory of these are the New Process Dog Biscuits, prepared by the Associated Fanciers, of Philadelphia. They contain the proper proportions of lean meat, oat meal, Indian meal, wheat flour, ground bone and charcoal, which have been found to be most advantageous for the health of dogs. These biscuits may be kept for months in a dry place without detriment. Thej' are vouched for and recommended by the highest veterinarians. If there is any trouble in procuring these New Process Dog Biscuits, sent to the office of the Associated Fanciers, 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa., for a price list. Fresh drinking water is also a necessity for the health- fulness of all animals. The drinking dish should be thoroughly cleaned out every day, to prevent it from getting foul or slimy; a deep earthen dish makes the best kind of a drinking vessel. The appearance of a dog depends almost entirely upon the manner in which he is fed, and the care bestowed upon him. To have him healthy nothing but good and wholesome food should be given. To have his coat look well he must be effectively groomed at least three times a week, if not daily. On the short haired variety a haired glove, or a medium soft brush should be used, while on the long haired breeds a comb and an ordinary brush may be used. Stiff hard brushes are apt to irritate the TOY DOGS. 13 skin and cause eruptions, and therefore should be avoided if possible ; always comb and brush a dog the same way the hair turns. Most dogs object to being washed, but in order to have tiiem look well, this is a necessary operation, and should be performed once a month in winter, while once a week in summer will not hurt them. Their bath tub should be large enough to hold them without confining them to a cramped position, and the water should be tepid, about six inches deep. Have a large sponge handy with which the dog can be thor- oughly wetted, then rub the Associated Fanciers' dog soap over his body until a lather is produced, which should be rubbed thoroughly into his coat, after which rinse him off with water, lift him out of the tub and rub him dry with a coarse towel. A little hair oil rubbed on his coat Avill improve his appearance, and give it a glossy look. After the dog is washed he should be wrapped in a blanket, and kept in a warm place until he is thoroughly dry. BREEDING DOGS. Breeding should be regulated by a judicious selection of good healthy stock, and an adoption of rules, for the successful carrying out of the same. A well-bred pedi- greed dog is more apt to propagate stock resembling him- self than a good looking cur will do. The first step is to select the variety you wish to breed, and carefully scrutinize the strains, which may be neces- sary for you to have intermingle. Avoid in-breeding if possible, that is by a union of father and mother, mother 14 TOY DOGS. and son, or brother and sister; if persisted in to any great extent, is apt to stunt the growth and weaken the constitution of all dogs. Although the union of the two foimer is preferable to the latter. Breeding dogs is often attended with tedious and dis appointing results, particularly with beginners, as their best calculations are apt to be upset; however, we will have to live and learn. It is essential that the jmrent dogs should be both healthy and strong, particularly the female, in order to sustain the growth of her puppies before birth, as well as to produce milk for them after- wards. The best age to breed from, is after both the sire and dam are fully matured, which in the small or toy varieties of dogs is when they are a j^ear or eighteen montlis old. The best time of the year for breeding toy dogs, is in the early Spring, so that the puppies may have more sun- shine and open air exercise while growing, which adds to their health and strength. When a bitch is ready for breeding, she is likely to show it, by her inclination to flirt and romp with any dog she may meet, it is then advisable to keep a close eye upon her, in order to prevent strange dogs coming in contact with her. The time for her inclination to breed, which is called in heat, generally lasts about three weeks, and about the middle of that time or ten days from the first symptoms, which is after she is done bleeding, is the proper time for lier to have the service of the dog, which service, should be allowed to be performed twice from twenty-four to fort^'-eight hours apart, once may not prove sufficient, and more than twice is superfluous. Most bitches are inclined to breed as a general thing twice a year, at regular periods, some every four or five months, wliile others only every nine or twelve monthsj TOY DOOS. 15 twice a year is often enough to allow a bitch to breed. In order to get good strong pujis and at the same time keep the bitch in health and strength. After a bitch has been served with a dog, a space of nine weeks will elapse before her puppies will be born, sometimes on the exact day, although it frequently happens that they will make their appearance two, three or four days be- fore the computed time fixed for her to have them. To make a bitch inclined to copulate give her seven drops of tincture of cantharides twice a day till the effect is pro- duced; it generally takes place in about six days; this is often resorted to when it is desired to get the service of a dog that cannot be had at all times, although it should not be resorted to sooner than four or five months after the bitch has had her last litter of pups. Tu reduce the time a bitch is inclined to be in heat, give her a little nitre in water, or an injection of diluted vinegar, and in a few days the inclination will disappear. This is a good remedy when parties do not care to have their bitches to breed, as it shortens their time of trouble. When it is ascertained that your bitch is in pups, she should have plenty of exercise until about the sixth w^eek, at which time there should be a perceptible change in her appearance, after wliich time it should be gradually moderated, at the same time care should be taken that she does not strain herself by unduejumping or running. During the latter part of her pregnancy washing her should be avoided as she is then most liable to take cold. About a week before she is expected to pup, she should be made acquainted with the quarters in which it is desired the event shall take place, so that she may become accustomed to them, which should be warm and dry and away from the interferance of other dogs. ' A few days before the puppies make their appearance, 16 TOY DOGS. her milk can be observed, her appearance is considerably enlarged, and her actions indicate an uneasiness, her appetite is apt to fail, and her bowels become constipated, in the latter case, a dose of sweet oil should be given, which seems to lubricate her internal organs and helps partruition. A bitch in pups should neither be too lean or too fat, if the former she should be fed up with nourishing food, if the latter she should be reduced. Excessive fat in a bitch about to pui>, not only interferes with the birth of the pups, but it is liable to interfere with the secretion of the milk, and if this does occur it aggravates milk fever. When a bitch is safely delivered she should be kept on a milk and gruel diet for two or three days; it is strength- ening and soothing to the internal organs; after that time well cooked meat and bread and milk may be fed. In cases of protracted labor or a bitch being unable to pass her puppies after being in labor for some time, say twenty four hours or more, the application of ice to the abdomen, will often enable her to do so, as it has the effect of contracting the muscles of the womb, which assists in the expulsion of the pups. Ergot of rye is sometimes given in small doses, every hour, in complica- ted cases, but it should be resorted to only as an extreme measure. When indications are of internal complication, surgical aid must be called in, providing competent persons can be obtained. Some bitches are notorious for the habit of killing their puppies, in such cases the only means to adopt in order to save their lives, is either to give them a foster mother, or take the puppies away from their own mother, wrap them up warmly in flannel, and keep before the fire and allow the mother to suckle them every couple of hours, when you can be present to watch her. TOY DOGS. 17 111 the event of valuable puppies being expected, where you are in doubt of their receiving proper attention from their own mot4ier, it is well to provide before hand a foster mother, wiiicli can be generally had in a suitable condition; tliey can be hired for a few weeks at a reason- able figure if adverfsed for in the papers. Great care should be taken to have the foster mother in good health and condition, and if possible short haired, and as near in size of the original mother as ^an be secured. Few small bitches can rear as many as six pups, many only four, and to do them justice, in case a bitch should have more than she seems to be able to care for, it would be well to destroy the superfluous ones, being sure lo keep those that appear to be the most thrifty, the best formed and nicest marked in color. About the ninth day the pups begin to see, and when they are three or four weeks old they will lap milk, w^hich they should be encouraged to do, as it is a great saving to the mother's strength. At five or six weeks old they are ready to be weaned. It frequently occurs that the teats of the bitch become lacerated by the teeth of the pups while nursing, and inflammation from the influx of milk often arises when they are removed, relief from the same can be obtained by rubbing the teats and stomach with camphorated oil, night and morning for a few days. A mild dose of physic, such as castor oil or sweet oil, after the puppies have been removed, will also prove beneficial to the bitch. If the bitch's teats become caked, rub them with a little warm vinegar twice a day, when they will soon dry up. 18 TOY DOGS. REARING PUPPIES. Until weaned puppies do not require much care, after wliicli to keep your pups in health, the following rules should be observed : 1st. Give them a warm, clean and dry lodging place. 2d. Wholesome suitable food. 3d. Regularity of meals, and 4th. Sufficient exercise. All puppies require dry lodging, and in winter time, when the weather is apt to be cold, those that are young or of a delicate breed, should have a stove in their ap- partment. They should have a low box for a bedstead, with plenty of fresh, dry straw for a bed, while in sum mer the bare boards or u little sawdust in the bottom of the box will be suificient. Care should be taken that their appartments, as well as their beds, are kept perfectly clean and free from dampness or cold draughts. A few days after puppies have been taken from their mother a noticeable change in their appearance takes place, caused by the alteration of food and mode of life. The best food for puppies w^hen first taken from their mothers, is boiled bread and milk, or oat meal porridge. As they more fully mature, crushed biscuits and a little chopped cooked meat and vegetables may be given. They should be fed three times a day, at regular hours, morning, noon and night. Always be careful that their dishes are clean and that their food is not tainted in any manner. Never give them more food at a meal than they can comfortably devour as what they leave is apt to become rancid and unwholesome. While they are in their puppyhood never give them raw meat, as it will TOY Doas. 19 generally interfere with their digestion. After they shed their puppy teeth, which occurs wlien tliey are about nine months old, they can be fed as prescribed for old dogs. The greatest scourge for puppies are worms and dis- temper. Teething sometimes troubles them, but not to a very great extent. Almost all pupx^ies are apt to be troubled with worms, before or soon after they are re- moved from their mother. The presence of worms is indicated, when the stomach of puppies swells up and hardens, while the rest of their bodies generally appear thin, and they have an emaciated api)earance. The best remedy for worms in pups, is a dose of the Associated Fanciers' Worm Powders; a couple of doses is generally sufficient. The medicine should he administered to the pups on an empty stomach, say, after about a twelve hours' fast; during that i3eriod they should also have no water to drink, the object being to deprive the worms of food, so that the medicine may have a greater effect upon them. Fits are almost invariably caused by worms, which will subside on the removal of the worms. Distemper can be considerably alleviated in form, if not altogether prevented by keeping your puppies clean and dry and also caring for the sanitary condition of their kennels. Cleanliness, sound food, fresh water, and fresh air with proper exercise, renders distemper almost impossible. Should, however, a pup be attacked with it from either want of attention or contagion, as distemper is contagious, it should immediately be removed from the well ones that do not appear to be affected and placed in an apartment by itself, which should be clean, dry and free from draught, with about an even temperature. The food should consist of beef tea with boiled rice or bread soaked in it. About as effective a medicine as can 20 TOY DOGS. be given, is Humphrey's Veterinary Specific, C. C, of which give from five to eight drops, three times a day. The symptoms of this disease are as follows: loss of appe- tite, drowsiness, dullness of eyes, heat in head and body, sneezing, running at the eyes and nose, general weak- ness, with diarrhoea and sometimes vomiting. Puppies frequently have fleas or lice, particularly in warm weather, when they are so troubled one or two ap- plications of the Associated Fanciers' Flea Wash, will generally prove effective, and there is no danger of it hurting the pups. Growing puppies should have plenty of exercise, in order to properly develop their muscles and limbs. They should be kept well under cover until they are past three months of age, after which they may be allowed to roam at large, particularly in fine weather, with a sheltered place for them to run into, to avoid the heat or rain. If puppies are house-raised they should be taken out in the open air daily, when the weather permits, for a short walk. TOY DOGS. 21 DIFFERENT BREEDS OF DOGS. Their values tire regulated by tlie_qiiality, sex, and age. Parties desiring further information will please enclose postage stamp for reply; and address the Associated Fanciers, 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa. TERRIERS. Terriers are useful us well as ornamental. In Europe they are often used for hunting small game, such as rabbits, foxes, weasels, etc., as well as for extermiiuiting rats, while in this country they are merely kept as pets, 22 TOY DOGS. or to kill rats and mice. They generally have plenty of persistency and grit, and will attack the largest foes. They also have good noses, and when trained are nearly equal to a hound in the sharpness of their scent. Terriers may be divided into several varieties. The principal toy breeds are known as the Yorkshire, Skye, Scotch, Bedlington, Dandle Dinmot, Black-and-Tan and Bull Terrier. YORKSHIRE TERRIER. This breed is a great lady's pet and is the most modern type of terrier, having been almost unknown until the past few years. It is difficult to satisfactorily trace the lineage of this breed, but it is supposed to be a cross between the Skye and Maltese and the old fashioned long-haired Black and Tan, and is often confounded by those not posted in dog nomenclature with the Scotch or Skye varieties. The following are its cliaracteristics and points : The ears of this variety are generally crept, but in their natural state should be thin, fine and ratheV TOY DOGS. 23 small; skin, black or of a tan color; the head, rather long and tapering towards the nose, and of a golden tan color; the eyes, should be dark and bright, round and rather full, they are generally invisible except when the hair is turned back; nose, small and black, with well defined nostrils; the body should be in proportion of height to length, compact with a broad chest, the coating of which should be abundant, with long, glossy fine hair, free from curl, the color of which should be of a silvery blue; the legs should be straight and well placed under the body, well feathered and of a rich tan color; the tail should be docked and carried straight, horizontaly with the body. Weight when matured from three to eighteen pounds. The males are the most valued. The pups, when born, are black in color, but gradually change to their proper shades as they grow older and shed out. Price: Males, $20.00 to 1150. 00; females, |15.00 to 1125.00; puppies, $15.00 to $25.00. SKYE TERRIER. LONG HAIRED SKYE TERRIER. There are two varieties of the Skye Terrier, one rather small with long, straight, silky hair and large falling ears, slightly raised at buts. The other larger in size*; 24 TOY DOGS. with harsh, short, coarse hair and prick ears. They are also to be found in different colors, such as a dark, slaty- blue, black, steel gray, with black tips to ears and tail, fawn or fawn with brown tijos. Their heads are long, running to a pointed snout, but broad and flat on- top; eyes, large and keen, brown in color; nose, pointed, black or sometimes of a dark flesh color; their bodies are long and flat; neck long; fore legs short, stout and slightly bent; hind legs short and straight, well feathered with straight hair; tail, carried lovi^ with a slight curl in the end of the smaller variety, while in the larger, it is longer, straight and carried more up. When these dogs are measured from tip of nose to tip of tail, their length should be three times greater than their height, which latter should be from eight to fifteen inches. Their weights vary from ten to twenty pounds. The smaller size are generally the lady's pets, while the larger rough ones are utilized by man to rid the premises of rats and other kinds of vermin. Price : Males, $lo to $75; females, i$lo to $20; puppies, $10 to $20. RICKED EAR SKY E TERRIER. TOY DOGS. ^ SCOTCH TERRIER. THE SCOTCH TERRIER, The Scotch Terrier, frequently denoted as the wire- haired terrier, on account of his coat being of a wiry and rougli texture, is tiie smartest working variety of the whole terrier tribe. His sagacity and intelligence pre- dominates, and his courage qualifies him, not only as a superior vermin destroyer, but also an excellent watch dog. His origin is obscure. In colors they are to be found in white, black and tan, and of a gray mixture called pepper and salt, which latter color is considered the characteristic color of a true Scotch Terrier.- In shape they should be rather thick set and compact with a muscular appearance. Their head is carried high, and they are quick and alert in their actions. Ears, small and semi erect, oftentimes they are cropped; eyes, small, bright and keen, and of a dark brown color; head, long and rounding on the top, covered with short, harsh hair; nose and mouth black; coat, harsh and wiry, hair about two inches in length; tail of medium length, slightly curved. They are from nine to twelve inches in height, and weigh from ten to eighteen pounds. Price: Males, 115.00 to f 50.00; females, $15.00 to |50. 00; Puppies, $10.00 to $25.00. 26 ^^OY DOCiS. BEDLINQTON TERRIER. The Bedlington Terrier is best known in England, Where it is much more prized than in America. It is comparatively of a recent origin, but its qualities are becoming inore appreciated as a working terrier. It is said to be of high courage, but of rather a quiet disposi- tion. The body is short with long straight legs, giving it the appearance of being somewhat leggy; the head is narrow, with a long straight muzzle, and is covered with a tuft of silky hair; nostrils large and either dark or light color, the former preferable; ears filbert shaped, rather long and hanging close to the head, fringed with silky Imir; eyes round, small and sunken, and of a dark color; coat harsh and somewhat short, in color either dark blue, liver or sandy; height, from twelve to eighteen inches; weight, from twelve to twenty-five pounds. Price: Males, $25.00 to $50.00; females, $20.00 to $50.00; puppies, $15.00 to $50.00. IRISH TERRIER. The Irish Terrier is said to be a pure and distinct breed, and has been known in Ireland for the past century. Although not a handsome dog, by any means, he is a very intelligent one, like Paddy from Cork, he is a lively and amusing companion, and contains a mine of fun in a country ramble, being full of the Devil and always ready to get up an excitement by hunting up everything TOY DOGS. 27 in the way of game or vermin. Irish Terriers are re- markably good tempered, and seldom quarrelsome, yet will take their own part if set upon, no matter what may be thesizeof their aggressor. Fear is apparently unknown to them. This feature not only makes them favorites of gentlemen, but the poor man's watch dog and the farm- er's friend. For killing rats he has no equal, and is excellent for driving out rabbits and foxes, when holed IRISH TERRIERS. by hounds, and when properly trained will quarter in a field or hunt in a swamp as well as most Setters or Spaniels. They will bear any amount of hard work and rough usage, as they are constitutionall3^ hardy, require less care, and are more free from disease than any other variety of terriers. Their points are as follows: Head, long; skull, flat and narrow between the ears; jaws, strong and muscular; teeth, even and strong; lips, well fitting, showing the black through the hair; nose, black; eyes, dark hazel in color, rather prominent, but small and full of life and intelligence; ears, small and 28 TOY DOGS. shaped like a V, well set up on head and drooping for- ward. Like other terriers they are often cropped ; neck, of fair length, widening towards tiie shoulders, and free from throatiness; chest, muscular and deep; shoulders, long and sloping into the back; bod^^ moderately long; back, straight and strong; loins, broad, well ribbed and slightly arched; tail, invariably docked, free from fringe or feather, set pretty high, but not curled over the back; feet, moderately small but strong; toes, arched but turned neither out nor in, toe nails black; legs, moder ately long, well set under the body and perfectly straight, bony and muscular, and free from feather; coat, hard, wiry and straight, moderately short; color, solid either red, yellow, wheaten or gray; weight from sixteen to twenty-four pounds. Price: Males, $25 to 150; females, $20 to 140; puppies, 115 to $25, AIREDALE TERRIER, This variety of terrier is of a larger type than the former, and is used more as a hunting or watch dog than household pet. He is very gamy, fond of wafer, and is easily broken to the gun or to drive cattle or sheep. He is also a good retriever, both by land and water. The breed originated in England, about forty years ago, and is an inter-mixture of Scotch Terrier, Bull Terrier and Otter Hound, and derives its name from the valley of the Aire, where they are much appreciated. Their points are as follows: Head, flat and wide between the ears; muzzle, long; nose, black; nostrils, large; lips, TOY DOGS. 29 black and free from flews; teeth, large and strong; eyes, bright, small and dark in color; ears, thin set on to- wards the side of the head, of fair size, and carried forward, similar to a Fox Terrier, with hair rather short; neck, neat and strong, free from dewlap or throatiness; Body, moderately long, with short and muscivjar loins, well sprung rounded ribs; legs, of mod erate^ length, straight and muscular; feet, round with toes ineii^ned to spread, toe nails black; tail, short and should be cW)eked from four to seven inches; coat, rough, broken, close and of a harsh texture; color, bluish gray, darkest on back or saddle, with muzzle, ears, breast, belly and feet of a rich tan; weight from thirty to tifty five pounds. Price: Males, $25 to $50; females, $20 to $40; puppies, |l5 to 125. DANDIE DINMONT, DAN DIE DlNiMONT. The Dandie Dinniont is supposed to be a cross between the Scotch Terrier and the Otter Hound. There are several noted English strains of tht-m, and they are an old and historic variety. Sir Walter Scott by mention- 30 TOY DOGS. ing them in his celebrated novel Guy Mannering, gave them a notoriety which made them for a time quite fashionable. They are a gamy little dog and one of 1 heir strongest characteristics is their tenacity of purpose. When used as hunters they will seldom leave the trail. They are also excellent vermin dogs and very useful about a country place. They are intelligent, afFeciionate, and generally good tempered, but when once aroused they will tackle anything within reach of them. The points of this breed are: Head, large, long and tapering to the muzzle; ears, large, pendulous and hanging close to the cheeks, slightly feathered; eyes, brown, large and with an intelligent expression; body, long; shoulders, low; chest, full; back, slightly curved; neck, thick and mus- cular; legs, short and thick, a little bowed in front, the hind legs set well apart; tail, straight, slightly feathered and carried erect with a slight curve in the center; the hair of the body is straight, hard and wiry, of a reddish brown or blue gray in color, while on the head and legs the hair is softer and of a lighter shade, and is apt to be slightly curly on the head. Their height is from nine to twelve inches, and their weight from fifteen to twenty- five pounds. < Price: Males, |30 to |100; females, $25 to |75; puppies, $15 to $50. TOY DOGS. 31 MALTESE DOG MALTESE DOG. This handsome little dog is a great pet among the ladies. In appearance it resembles a miniature Skye Terrier, with the exception of its tail, which curls over its back. The back is shorter than the Skye, and its coat* considerably longer and more silky. Head, rather long, running to a point; nose and eyes, black; ears, high set, covered with long silky hair; legs, short and well placed under the body; tail, rather short, well feathered and tightly curled over the back; coat, long, fine and silky. The color should be pure white, with an occasional patch of fawn on the ears. The weight should be from four to eight pounds. Price: Males, $25to|100; females, $20 to 1 100; puppies, $15 to $50. 82 TOY DOGS. BLACK AND TAN TERRIER. BLACK AND TAN TERRIER. The Toy Black and Tan Teirier, in former years, was all the rage as a pet dog, but like all other fashions, it had to give way to other breeds, however, of late it is becom- ing more sought after. The toy variety resembles the larger English Black and Tan in every respect except in size. The smaller you can obtain them the higher they are prized To get them small they are generally bred in, and to such an extent, that they are liable to become very delicate in constitution and hard to keep in good health. It is so very difficult to breed these little dwarfs, to retain their symetry that they are often crossed with the Italian Grey Hound to retain it; they are also some- times crossed with the small Spaniel to obtain the high forehead, short nose and large eyes, but in the latter cross they are apt to loose their delicacy of limb and smooth short hair. They are sharp, active and affection- ate little dogs, but not such good ratters as the rough haired breeds of terriers. Their principal points are: Head, narrow and long with a sharp black nose, jaws tightly set, teeth level, sharp and very white. Eyes, small, bright and dark in color, somewhat protruding; TOY DOGS. 33 ears, cropt and standing perfectly erect; legs, straight, slim and well set under the body, feet and toes long with black nails; tail, long, thin and rat like, carried straight out; body, short and compact. The coat should be short and very fine, head and body of shining black, with a rich tan spot over each eye and on each cheek, the muzzle, under jaw, throat and inside of the ears should be a rich tan, also the front legs up to the knees, and inside of the hind legs as well as under the tail, all of which should be distinct and the richer in shade the better. No white should appear in any part of their color. The weights of the toy variety ranges from two to nine pounds. Price: Males, $15 to ^50; females, $15 to |50; puppies, $10 to $20. BULL TERRIER, This dog as its name implies is a direct cross between the Bull Dog and the Terriers. This breed of dogs are great ratters and very popular Mith the men fanciers. The small sized or toy variety are taking the place of the Pug as lady's pets, to a groat extent. Its hardiness of constitution, together with its intelligence, affection and docility, renders it desirable for a house dog, one that is not so liable to take cold or get sick when taken out as a companion as some dogs of the other more delicate breeds. It is also a handsome dog, of great courage and makes an excellent watch dog, being very sharp and alert. There are two types of the Bull Terrier, an English one with a long face showing more of the Terrier stock, and another strain having the heavy short full face of the Bull Dog, 34 TOY DOGS. the 1 utter is most preferred in this country, and shouU. be designated as the Americiin Bull Terrier, in order to distinguish him from his Enghsh cousin. As this worli is mostly intended for the American Fancier, we will only describe the points of the latter variety which are as follows: Head, full, wide between the ears and short, similar to the Bull Dog, but not so thick and heavy; teeth and jaws regular and strong but not undershot like THE BULL TERRIER. a Bull Dog; nose, large and black; ears, should -be crop- ped and stand erect like a terrier's; eyes, black, small and opaque; neck, light, rather long and arched; legs, mod- erately long, straight and muscular; tail, thin tapering and carried straight, with a full developed chest and shoulder; body well ribbed, loins strong and hindquarters well proportioned and developed, coat, short and harsh; in color, pure white is the most prized, but white with patches of black, red, fawn or brindle are also admired, and frequently they are found in the above solid color. Weight from four to twenty pounds. Price: Males, $20.00 to ^100.00; females, $20.00 to 175.00; puppies, $10.00 to $50.00. TOY DoaS FOX TERRIER. 35 SMOOTH COATED FOX TERRIER. There are two varieties of tlie Fox Terrier, tlie smooth coated and the rough coated or wire haired, the former is most popular and at present is considered one of the most fashionable breeds, particularly with young men. They are cleanly in their habits, affectionate in disposi- tion, biddable and not quarrelsome. They are very plucky particularly in defence of their master or themselves. As vermin destroyers they have few equals. In England they are used considerably for driving out hares and foxes when they are holed. Their points are: Head, flat and narrow, jaws well set, mouth and nose black; e^-es, small, keen and of a dark color, set rather close together; ears, V shaped, small, set well back but inclining forward and being close to the cheek; chest, round and full; legs ciad feet, straight, strong muscular; tail, straight and 86 TOY DOGS. coarse and should be docked; coat, smooth or rough, as the variety defines; color, white with black and tan markings, particularly about the head; body, well pro l^ortioned ; weight, from twelve lo eighteen pounds. Price: Males, $20 to $100; females, $!'» to $"5; puppies, $10 to $50 ROUGH COATED FOX TERRIER. TOY DOGS. 37 TOY SPANIELS Toy ISpaniels are tlie beau ideal of ladies' pets and are fast reasserting themselves in society, where they will no doubt soon become as popular as they were during the reign of King Charles, II. Tliey were great favorites with that Monarch and held high positions at his Court, even upon state occasions, in fact they had become so fashionable ac that time, that one of the varieties became known as the King Charles Spaniel. Although they are often snappish towards strangers, they are gentle and docile to their owners, and are very fond of being nursed and petted, besides they make excellent house watch dogs, as they are very alert and quick at sounding an alarm by barking upon the slightest commotion. It is really astonishing that these handsome little pets should have been ignored for so long a time and occupy an in- ferior position to the horrid ugly and quarrelsome Pug. Toy Spaniels are not merely a plaything, but can also be utilized for hunting, as they have an excellent scent for game and can readily be broken to use with the gun. They however are not apt to be great favorites with lazy indolent persons, as the fact of their having long and silken hair requires time and attention to keep them in order, by washing, brushing and combing, but the beau- ty of the dog when in good coat, amply repays the trouble and labor that may have been bestowed upon it. The origin of the Toy Spaniel is very indefinite; by some it is connected with the Maltese Dog, and others believe it to be dwarfed from the larger varieties of Span- iels. They may be classed as five different varieties, 38 TOY DOGS. namely: the Japanese, King Cliarles, Prince Cbarle^j Blenheim and Ruby, which will be more fully described under their separate headings. KING CHARLES SPANIEL. Tlllu KIxNO. CI lARLLS SPANIEL. This variety of the Toy Spaniels is the best known from the fact that they are the most numerous and therefore the most seen. They are frequently called Charlies in this country, where we have no kings. In color they should be a glossy black, with deep rich tan markings on the feet, inner part of legs and ears, under bush of tail, around the mouth and two round spots, one over each eye; white on any part of the body is objection- able but admissable. They should have long silky hair, wavy but without curl, long broad ears, which should be close to the cheeks, with long silky hair almost touching the ground; the legs should be feathered to the toes, the length of which is a great feature; the tail should be carried on a straight line with the body, well feathered but not bushy; it is usually cropped, that is about one TOY DOGS. 3§ ihirJ of its natural length cut off. They sliould have an extremely short muzzle, with nose well turned up, the latter being black as also the palate. Large prominent black or dark hazel eyes, which are inclined to be con- tinually weeping; a full round ball shaped head, with a well marked stop between the eyes, which latter should be wide apart. Body, short and compact; legs, short, straight and well feathered; feet, large, with long hair between the toes. Their weight should never exceed fifteen pounds, but the less they weigh when fully ma- tured the more valuable they are for pets. The small sized ones are generally avoided by breeders, as the fe- males generally prove to be barren. Price: Males, $50 to $200; females, 150 to $150; puppies, 125 to $100. PRINCE CHARLES 5PANIEL. The Prince Charles type of Spaniel is similar to the above in all respects except color, which should be black, white and tan; the body should be evenly marked, the outside of ears and head, except a patch between the eyes running to the muzzle, should be black; inside of ears, along the jaws, under part of tail and the spot over eyes, a bright tan; these three colors properly arranged certainly, make a most beautiful appearance in this variety of dog, as the colors contrast so nicely together. Originally this variety was called the King Charles, but since the appearance of the black and tans, for some rea- son not accounted for, they seem to have had their name changed to Prince, in order to distinguish them from the others. Price: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to $100; puppies, $25 to $100. 40 TOY DOGS. BLENHEIM SPANIEL. BLENHEIM SPANIEL. The Blenheim Spaniel, from its name seems to be of German origin, yet it is extensively bred in England, and all the noted ones are apparently owned there. It is exceedingly difficult to breed them, and therefore good specimens are very scarce. It is a much smaller variety than the Prince Charles, although its general appearance in make-up, except the color, is similar. The color should be a rich ruby red and pure white, the latter the ground and the red should be in spots, evenly arranged over the body, the forelegs and nose slightly ticked, the ears and cheeks red with a glaze of v.hite up the forehead, in the center of which to the top, should be a spot of red, about as large as a dime, this is called "The Spot," and is apparent in all choice, well bred specimens. The coat should be long, fine and silky, and as free from curl as possible; the ears should be set low on the sides of the head, long with fine straight hair; the head should be large in comparison to the body, and round witli a prom- inence on top; the forehead should project well over the eyes, almost touching the nose; the nose should be black and as short as possible, almost in a line between the TOY DOGS. 41 eyes, the nostrils large and open; the eyes should be large and of a black or dark hazel color, set wide apart; they like the other varieties of Toy Spaniels, seem to be con- stantly weeping In shape they should be set and cobbj^ deep chest, stiong legs, short back and neck, the latter well arched; tail carried straight, about on a level of the back, well feathered as should also be the back of the legs. They should not at most exceed twenty-one lbs. in weight — the less they weigh the more valuable they become. Price: Males, $50 to $200; females, $50 to $150; puppies, $25 to $100. RUBY SPANIEL, RUBY SPANIEL. This variety was formerly classed under the head of Blenheims, but as their color is somewhat difTerent they have been lately designated by the name of Ruby, so as to distinguish them from the former. They resemble the Blenheims in all respects except the color, which should be of a rich ruby red without a particle of white in any part of their coat. They are very handsome in appear- 42 TOY DOGS. ance and well worthy of a class by themselves. Fre- quently they are cross-bred with the King Charles varie- ty, in order to give a darker and richer tint to the tan mariing of that breed. Prices: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to S55125; puppies, $25 to $100. JAPANESE SPANIEL, This variety of Spaniel frequently called Japanese Pug, on account of tlie extreme shortness of their noses, is a hardy little dog. In color it is always black and white, otherwise it is not unlike the other varieties of the Toy Spaniels in make-up, excepting that its body is not so heavily coated or feathered, nor are its ears half as long. The Japanese Pug is often c ossed with the Charles vari- eties, in order to reduce the size of nose, but this, in the writers' opinion is a great mistake, as although in some respects it may improve the nasal organ, it has a tend- ancy to decrease the size of the ear, which certainly de- stroys one of the most beautiful features of the dog. If breeders would let the nose alone and endeavor to im- prove the length of coat and particularly the ears, they would find such an improvement more generally appre- ciated by an admiring public. Price: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to $100; puppies, $25 to $50. TOY DOGS. THE PUQ. The origin of this peculiar breed of diminutive dogs is somewhat uncertain. It is supposed by many to be an ofF-shoot from the Bull Dog, which it certainly resembles in many points. It is also asserted to have been origin- ally propagated by the Dutch, as tradition implies that it was first imported from the neighborhood of Holland; however, although the above may be true, the Pug has certainly been improved by breeding since it came into public favor as a household i)et in England some fifty years ago. There are several strains of Pugs, the most prominent of which are those styled Willoughby and those of the Morrison strain, the former being introduced by Lady Willoughby de Eresby, and the latter by a Mr. Morrison. The chief diflference between the two varieties is, that the Willoughby is lighter fawn, heavily marked with black tracings, which arc often apt to run into a smutty color, while the Morrison is of richer fawn, not so heav- ily marked with black traces, although there is a suffi- ciency of black in its proper places. The 2:>oints of well bred Pugs [should be as follows: Head, large and massive, not too round; muzzle, short, thick and blunt, the mask covering, which should be jet black, the face 44 TOY DOGS. niid forehead well wrinkled with a dark spot on the latter, known as the "thumb mark;" there should be a mcle on each cheek which should be as dark in color as possible. The eyes should be large of a dark brown color and prominent, the whites of which should be distinctly- Been; Ears, short, fine and velvety in texture, and laying close to the head; neck, shoit, thick and full, rather prominent on the back; body, short and thick set, well ribbed up and with a wide chest. The color of the body should be a clear fawn, from a bright yellow tint, down to a bright stone color, with a black or dark colored trace or stripe down the back, from the neck reaching to the root of the tail ; the legs should be of medium length, set well under the body and straight, round feet with well defined toes, the nails of which should be jet black; the tail should turn well up over the back, slightly to one side, and be tightly curled; the coat should be short and fine; and the weight should not exceed eighteen pounds. Like all other toy dogs the smaller they are, the more they are admired. The Pug is a very aristocratic dog in his bearings, although not remarkably intelligent; he is usually a coward and is easily frightened, although very alert in giving an alarm. Some specimens are inclined to be snappish and do not care to make friends with stran- gers. The devotion of Pugs to their owners is not so pro- nounced as that of other pet toy dogs. One great fault they have is, as they grow old they are apt to become very fat, obese looking and lazy, besides which they are prone to issue a gut eral grunt or snorting sound. This is supposed to be caused in breathing, on account of the shortness of the nose, but it is nuich objected to, especially by the ladies and nervous persons. Price: Males, $25 to |100; females, $25 to $100; puppies, $15 to $50. TOY DOGS. 45 ITALIAN QREY HOUND. THE ITALIAN GREYHOUND. The nativity of this handsome, dainty, delicate little dog is no doubt some congenial climate, such as is found in Italy, hence, its name, although where they really originated is unknown. It has been in existance many years, and was the favorite of Charles I., who greatly admired this breed of dog. The Italian Greyhound is considered one of the most delicate breeds of dogs, and requires a great dc?al of care and attention from its owner. The extreme delicacy of its constitution, togeth- er with its fine thin skin makes it imperatively'- necessary to keep the animal beyond the reach of damp draughts and inclement weather. It should be well blanketed when taken outof doors, except on fine warm days. They are by no means numerous in this country, as there is great difficulty in rearing them here. Experienced breeders fretjuently rear them by fostering them on cats, which make excellent mothers for all toy dogs. Tlieir shape and appearance is exactly similar to the Jarge English Greyhound excejDting in size. Their points should be as follows; Color, either of sl 46 TOY POGS. golden fawn, cream fawn, blue fawn, dove colored fawn, black, white, red, blue or flesh colored ; muzzles in conformity to their colors; the solid colors with black muzzles being preferable; the head should be as flat as possible on top, with tapering jaws running to a point at the nose; eyes, rather full, soft in expression and dark in color; ears, fine, thin and carried well back; neck, long, slight and well arched; chest, narrow but deep; body, round, but tapering upwards towards the loins and well ribbed; legs, straight and delicate in appearance; feet, round, with toes well defined and nails long; tail, thin and fine, free from hair and bending upward with a gentle sweep. In weight they should never exceed twelve pounds, those from six to eight pounds being the most desirable. Price; Males, 125 to |100; females, $20 to $75; puppies, $20 to $50. MEXICAN HAIRLESS DOQ This breed is now scarcely ever to be seen; it was origin- ally Chinese, but somehow became indigenous to Mexi CO, hence, its surname. How it originated is a Chinese Puzzle. In shape and size it very much resembles the Black and Tan Terrier with a small rat-like tail, large bat-shaped ears, standing outward from tlie head. It is of a uniform dark color, and should be perfectly hairless all over, but sometimes a few stragling hairs make their appearance. Its weight varies from five to fifteen pounds, Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, 5^20 to $75; puppies, $20 to $50. TOY DOGS. 47 CHINESE CRESTED DOG. This is really the most curious breed of dog yet met with; it takes its name from having a crest of hair stand- ing upright on top of its head, it also has a tuft of hair at the end of its tail, otherwise it is perfectly hairless, ex- cept a few stragling hairs that may be met with around the snout and head and on the leg just above the feet. The skin of the body in most specimens being mottled. They are of slight build and weigh from fifteen toiwenty pounds. The crested dog is very scarce, particularly in this country. It is sometimes met with in the Chinese Gardens at San Francisco, California. Price: Males, |50to$100; females, f40to|75; puppies, $25 to $50. THE FRENCH POODLE OR BARBET. This is one of the least appreciated breed of dogs for its good qualities, that is met with in this country. It is really the most intelligent dog in existence, it is easily taught all kinds of tricl.s, swims well, will fetch and carry bothpii land and water, has a good nose and will find articles that he has been taught to search for. He loves approbation and is a firm flriend to his master, be- sides being a capital watch dog, he is very courageous and Avill not flinch from a dog twice his size. There are f^everal varieties of the Poodle but the one known as the French variety being the smallest is more in place for description under the head of toy dogs, although no '48 TOY DOGS. doubt they are all descended from one common ancestor, which was evidently originally of German lineage; he dates his existence previous to the Fifteenth Century, and was a great favorite with the Teutonic royalty at the time. The points of a Poodle are as follows: Head, broad well developed and carried high; muzzle should appear comparatively long w4ien shaven; the nose of the black variety, 'should be jet black, it should also have black mouth, while with the white, the nose and mouth should bo pinkish. The eyes should be of medium size, clear and bright with an intelligent expression and in color a dark hazle; ears, long, laying flat to the head and thickl3' covered with long wavy silkish hair; tlie neck should be well proportioned and shoulders firm, but not thick set; the chest should be broad and rather deep, with well arched loins, muscular but not thick and un- gainly; the tail which is generally docked when a puppy, should be gayly carried a little above the line of the back, it should have a long siUen brush, with an inclination to be bushy; legs, perfectly straight, muscular, but not too long; feet, slightly webbed and toes distinct and well formed; the coat of this variety should be thick, of a wooley fine texture either curly or corded as the strain may be; in color they are generally white, brown or black, with preference for the latter, although they are often met with in black and white, or brown and white. The weight of the French Poodle ranges from five to fifteen pounds, the smaller the more valuable. It is cus- tomary to shave Poodles, particularly in the summer season; it is done in rather a peculiar manner, all the muzzle shaven except a good sized tuft of hair an each side of the nose, which has the appearance of a mous- tache as on a man. The rest of the head, the neck, chest and fore quarters and fore legs are left intact, while the TOY DOGS. 49 balance of the body, commencing about three inches be- hind the forelegs is also shaved, down to the back joints, with a bracelet of hair left on the pastern. The feet are also shaved and a tuft is left on the end of the tail. The corded hair variety is not so often manipulated in this style, as their beauty consists in their natural coat when kept in good condition by brushing and combing. Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $75; puppies, $15 to $50. POMERANIAN OR SI>ITZ, BLACK SI'ITZ. He is a very pretty dog in appearance, but of late has lost popularity owing in the main part to his temper, 50 TOY DOGS. which is snappkh, and therefore unreliable, particularly where there are childrcu. He is not a good street com- panion, but is very watchful as a house watch dog, as he is very quick in his hearing and can be taught to be cleanly. Although he will make a big show of attack on ihe appearance of a strange dog or person he is naturally a coward and will turn tail and run upon the slightest resistance being shown. He is very lively and cheerful at home and generally free from smell, of either coat or breath. Good specimens are now seldom to be met with in this country ^owing to the excitement lately caused by their supposed rabid characteristics, thereby causing them to be made away with, which in the writers' opin- ion was all bosh. If such were the case they would have disappeared years ago, and not been harbored and petted as the Germans have done for the past generation. This dog is certainly of a foreign importation, but as to which country should be credited with his production, is a question not readily solved. He is met with more generally in parts of Germany and France, and is con- sidered by many to be of German extraction, although he greatly resembles the Esquimaux in make-up. The points of the Pomeranian are as follows : Head, wide and fiat, foxy in appearance tapering towards the nose, which is small and fine; ears, pricked or standing upright and fine; eyes, dark hazel and almond shaped; body, short and cobby, with a rather wide chest; legs, stout of medium length, the front ones feathered; feet, round and small; tail, bushy and curled over the back; coat, coarse and thick, long at the neck and body, but short on the head. They w^eigh from fifteen to twenty- five pounds. The color most admired is pure white or solid black, besides which they are met with in yellow, TOY DOOS 51 Maltese and party colored. Price : Males, $25 to $.jO; females, ^20 to $40; pui.pies, |15 to 125. WHIPPET OR RUNNING DOGS. This variety of dog is not of a distinct breed and may be termed as a sport. Their qualities are purely for run- ning races. They were introduced into this country from England some five or six years ago, and have received considerable encouragement particularly in the city of Philadelphia. In England originally Italian Grey- hounds were used for racing purposes, but it was found that they lacked the necessary staying powers; then the experiment was tried by crossing them with the Bull Terrier and the Black and Tan Terrier which has proved a success. In build their bodies should be long and thin, their legs straight and delicate in appearance. In running, their forepaws are kept close together and their hind legs spread well apart, this is done to facilitate the movement of throwing their hind paws in front of their forepaws, in making their leaps, all four of their paws are on the ground at the same time. They generally have small heads and ears, with long noses showing the Greyhound stock. Their weight ranges from ten to fifty pounds. Their training should begin when very young, almost as soon as they are weaned from the mother they should be taught to chase a towel or a rag in the hands of the trainer, so that they become accustomed to do so when entered in a race; they should also be exercised in a daily walk, and before a race comes off, in which they 52 TOY DOGS. are entered, they should be run over the course at least once a day, for a few days before tlie race takes place. When in training they should receive but tMO nuals a day, early morning and evening, which food should ( on- sist of good fresh cooked beef or mutton, chopped fine, mixed with bread crumbs and moistened with weak tea. Their time between sunrise and sunset, should be devo- ted to rest and sleep. When on their walks or between the lieats of a race they should be well blanketed similar to a race horse. Price: Males, $15 to $50; females, $10 to $60; puppies, $10 to $20. TOY DOGS. 63 DISEASES OF D0Q5, How to Administer Medicine to Dogs, Some inedicines are more easily administered to dogs than others, for instance those liquids that are given in drops, sucli as Homoeopathic Veterinary Liquids, Speci- fics, etc. Tliese can often be placed in the drinking water or in broth, which a dog will generally drink without ob- serving that it contains medicine. While medicines that consists of boluses or draughts, require that the dog should be either held by one person while another ad- ministers it, or else the dog should be firmly held be- tween the knees of a person and with the finger and thumb of one hand, protecting the fingers from being bitten by folding the upper lip over the teeth, and keep- ing it so during the operation, then force open his jaws at the same time elevating his head, wMiile with the other hand the medicine can be administered. If it con- sists of a bolus, it should be forced well down the dog's throat below the root of the tongue, close to the mouth, and the head kept up until it is swallowed. If a draught, hold up the head, pour it in the mouth, which then close as also the nostrils, when it will soon be swallowed. After administering the medicine give the dog a piece of meat to eat, which will keep the medicine down. Never treat your dog harshly while administering medicines. Kindness will bring about better results thac force. Sometimes medicines are administered by injections, in which case it js well to oil both the anus, and the 54 TOY DOGS. nozzle of the syringe. It is a tender operation and sliould be gently performed. It is best to lay the dog on its side and have some one to hold him while you operate. Grass is the natural medicine for dogs. In small doses it acts as a purgative, in large doses as an emetic. The quantity eaten by the animal is generally regulated by the wants of nature. Grass also has valuable antiscorbu- tic properties and the dog in health or sickness should always have access to it. NURSING AND DIET. If your dog is sick and suffering from any severe illness, fix a bed for it in a quiet place or room that is not fre- quented, as quietness is very essential to recovery. Place a box of loam or ashes in the hospital for natural uses, and leave plenty of clean water to drink. The diet should be good and nourishing, such as fresh warmed milk, oatmeal porridge with a little sugar sprinkled iu it. Well cooked liver cut up into small slices, or a little beef tea, which latter will be generally relished and will also strengthen. Avoid feeding raw meat of any kind, TOY DOGS. 55 HOJVKEOPATHIC TREATMENT. Homceopathic Liquid Veterinary Specifics are easily administered by dropping the required dose in the milk or drinking water, or upon the tongue of the patient by a patent dropper. If these specifics are given by mistake, or in error as to the disease, they will occa- sion no more harm than a possible loss of time. The doses i>i all complaints should be from five to ten drops, in accordance with the age of the dog. They should be given every two or three hours in severe cases, or two or three times a day in chronic cases, taking care to mix the medicine well with the food or drink. ALLOPATHIC TREATflENT. This method of treatment is more generally known, as it has been the only one until recently that has been 3,pplied to alleviate the sufferings of animals. When the medicines are put in the food, milk or drinking water it requires none or very little handling of the patient, but when administered direct by hand, then comes the tug of war. The proper doses to be given will be found un- der the headings of the remedies for different diseases. They must be regulated in accordance with the state of the disease and the age of the patient. All medicines to retain their strength and qualities should be kept in a cool, dry place, free from strong odors. If in bottles they phould be corked immediately after use, taking car^ tQ use the same corks. 56 TOY DOGS. CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES. As all parts of a dog's system are not liable to be affec- ted at the same time, it will be more convenient to classify the diflerent diseases under the headings of the organs that may be more directly affected; in accordance therewith, they will be treated upon in the following divisions: DIVISION I. Diseases of the Head, Brain and Nervous System. FEVERS. Cause: Exposure to wet, cold or draught. Symptoms? Apparent chilliness, increased heat of surface of the body^ quick pulse, appetite poor, eyes dull, bowels costive, urine scanty and high colored, and often a slight cough with running of the nose and eyes; besides the other internal organs being more or less affected. Homoeopathic Remedy : Have the dog well housed and give A A of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy : Treatment, complete rest ; a gentle dose of purgative medicine, such as one to two grains of calomel, and three to five grains of jalap mixed into a pill, if tliat docs not suffice, give about ten drops of sweet spirit of nitre morning and evening; adminis,-<. ter the latter directly or in the milk or water., -^8«fe;^ TOY DOGS. Sj MILK FEVER. 'Cause: Colds, or the taking away of puppies when young, which prevents the absorption of tlie milk. Symptoms : Increased heat of the body, swelled and painful teats, and secretion of milk. Homoeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a warm place and give A A of the Rppc'fics, at the same time anoint the teats with witch hazel oil. Allopathic Remedy : Same as for general fevers, with the addition of bathing the teats with warm water or anointing them with cosmoline; three or four drops of spirit of camphor a couple of times a day in a little milk will often relieve. CHOREA. 'Chorea or the St. Vitus dance cannot be mlst^aken in a 'dog thus affected. The symptoms are a continual jerk- ing movement of the limbs, head or body, intensified "vvhen asleep. Chorea is generally a consequence of dis* temper; it rarely destroys life, though it is sometimes accompanied by fits, and the sufferer ultimately dies of •exhaustion. It cannot be entirely cured, although the ;animars general health does not seem to be affected, still it renders it unfit for work of any kind. Homoeopathic Treatment ; To relieve the dog, give J J of the Specifics, and keep it from exposure to wet damp or cold weather. Allopathic Treatment : Keep the dog in a comfortable place, feed on good nourishing animal food, give plenty of exercise; fresh country air is very beneficial; keep the bowels well regulated, and give as a tonic, extract of gentian three grains in the form of a bolus, to be given -three times a day. 58 TOY 1>JGS. The latest and best remedy for Chorea is the Associa- ted Fanciers' Chorea Treatment. Sold by druggists, at 50 cents per bottle. Directions on the bottle. PALSY. This complaint resembles chorea, it is an incessant shaking of the whole body except during sleep. The same remedies may be applied as for chorea, but it is in- curable, although it does not always end in death. FITS. Dogs are subject to various kinds of fits, such as con- vulsive, apoplectic and epileptic. In either of which the first thing to do, is to give if possible, instant relief; this oftentimes can be accomplished by holding a bottle of ammoniated salts to their nostrils, or a pinch of snuff. Sometimes it is necessary to bleed them by making a small incision back of the lower part of the ear; after which a regular treatment may be applied in accord- ance with the nature of the fit. If your dog is too fat, reduce its flesh by a bread, water and milk diet; only giving a little meat about three times a week. If the dog is thin and weak, give beef tea, raw meat or a des- sert spoonful of cod liver oil every morning. CONVULSIVE FITS. Cause: Teething or worms; if the latter treat as for worms, and the fits will cease. Fits of this kind are more frequent in growing dogs and come on suddenly. • Symptoms : First the dog will emit a cry of pain, it will then turn over on its side, with convulsive motions of all its limbs, accompanied with cries and groans. If it does not soon recover or is not relieved it will end in delirium. Homoeopathic Remedy : Keep the dog in a comforta- TOY DOGS. 59 ble quiet place and give A A of the Specifics, three times a day orofleiicr if necessary. Allopathic llemedy: After using the smelling salts licivtofore recommended, or bleeding, give a one grain pill of bromide of potassium two or three times a day, preceded by a dose of purgative, such as prescribed for fevers. APOPLECTIC FITS. Cause : Want of proper exercise, close confinement or too high feeding. Symptoms : In apoi:)lectic fits, the dog will fall over insensible, or nearly so; he does not foam at the mouth, but moves and breathes heavily. Homoeopathic Ftemedy : Give A A as for convulsive fit. Allopathic Eemedy : Bleed from the ear or neck vein; after which give a purgative, such as a teaspoonful of castor oil, in occordance with the age of the dog. Apoplectic fits generally end fatally in spite of the treatment. DELIRIOUS FITS. Cause: Indigestion, convulsions, distemper and some- times worms. Symptoms: Apparently going wild, dashing about tlic house or yard, jumping out of windows, trying to climb the walls, and finally hid:ng in some dark seclud- ed place. Homoeopathic Remedy: First catch your dog, put it in a quiet darkened room, at the same time try to soothe it, give A A of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy: Care for it as above, and if you think it is able to lose a little blood, bleed it in the ear by puncturing any of the small veins inside. If it is 66 TOY DOGS. thin and poor, do not bleed, as it may need all the blood! it has, but apply the smelling salts to the nostrils, and* when it conies to, an emetic, such as a little weak salt and water, will often cause relief. Give a dessert spoonfuL of castor oil as a purgative. EPILEPTIC FITS. Cause : Ovef excitement, nervous debility or fright. Symptoms: Epileptic Fits may be distinguished by the blueness of the fipS Mtid gums. Constant champing: of the jaws and frothing, at the mouth. The fit comes on without any notice, the dog will suddenly stagger,, fall over, and after struggling for s, few minutes will get up and look wildly around and then beeoBoe apparently well. Homoeopathic Remedy : Confine to a quiet place and give A A of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy : First give a dessert si)oonful of castor oil, and then a one grain pill of bromide of potas- sium morning, noon and night. HYDROPHOBIA, RABIES OR MADNESS. This disease is classed as one of the inflammatory ones,, fever being always present. There is no known remedy for its cure; nothing remains but to kill the dog that is afflicted. The symptoms are first marked by a change of temper, the cheerful dog becoming morose, while the shy dog becomes bold. This generally takes place a few days before the attack, which is indicated by the dog seeing imaginary objects, snapping at the wall, or tearing to pieces with savage fury anything that comes within its reach, with sometimes a hollow howl. The discharge of saliva that comes from the mouth of a mad dog is gener- TOY DOGS. 61 ally not as free as that which comes from a dog in a fit; it is more of a glutinous nature, characteristic of inflam- niallon, the frothy spume comes from the corner of the mouth, it seldom lasts over twelve hours, gradually decreasing, becoming thick and adhesive, when the dog furiously attempts to brush it away with its paws which is almost a sure sympton of the disease, it is then fully time to avoid him; and if after he loses his balance and topples over, there can no longer be a doubt, when tliv saliva becomes more glutinous and irritating suffoca- tion is threatened, the dog will then plunge his muzzle into water up to his eyes, to cool his parched mouth and throat. Hence, the disease being charaeteristic by the dread of water is a fallacy, as it is marked by an unquenchable thirst. If the rabid dog is not molested he will seldom attack anything living, but the slightest interferance with him will cause him to bite savagely, regardless of consequences. His path is generally in a straight line, and his gait a dog trot. The supposed bark of a dog by a human being is caused by the attempt to eject the secretion of saliva from his mouth. The aver- age time rabies may appear after a bite from a mad dog, is from three weeks to six months, after that time, should no sj'mptoms appear, the person or animal bitten may be considered t6lerably safe. The duration of the disease is. from one to five days before death takes place. CANKERS. OR INFLAMMATION 0¥ THE MOUTH, EARS OR EYES. Cause : Exposure to the weather, bad or high feeding and distemper. Symptoms: Inflammation and spongy state of the gums, inflammation of the skin or lining of the ear, causing irritation, ending in ulceration. When the 62 TOY DOGS. eye is affected the indications are an unnatural redness oftlie white of the eye, togetlier with a fihn over the transparent part. Tiiere is generally a discharge of a mattery substance from the ej^e. Homoeopathic Bemedy : Give A A followed by C C of the Specifics and anoint with Witch Hazel Oil, wash with the Associated Fanciers' Canker Wash. Allopathic Remedy : First regulate the system by g-iving a purgative, such as a jalap pill of two or three grains; and for diet confine to bread and milk. For th^ mouth, a wash composed of one part of Labarraque's solution, one part of tincture of myrrh and six parts of water, will be found efficacious. For the ear, a wash of two grains of nitrate of silver, in one ounce of distilled water may be used, or they may be anointed with one drachm of green iodide of mercury, mixed with eight drachms of lard, every second or third day. For the eye, the Associated Fanciers' Eye Wash may be used. Bathing the eye with warm green tea is also good. The Associated Fanciers' Canker Wash, will be found excellent for this disease; it is sold by the druggists or will be sent by mail for 50 cents per bottle. OPHTHALMIA— INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE. This disease is very common in dogs, especially during the latter stages of Distemper. The indications are an unnatural bluish redness of the white of the eye together with a film over the transparent part; there is great in- tolerance of the light with a constant watering. In or- dinary Ophthalmia the whites of the eyes are a brighter red, the lids more swollen and the discharge thicker. Homoeopathic Remedy: Keeping dog in a darkened dry place, with a low diet, and give 1 1, alternated with TOY DOGS. 63 A A of Homoeopathic Veterinary Specifics four times a day. Allopathic Remedy: Keep the bowels open with a purgative, and wash the eyes with a lotion composed of twenty grains of sulphate of zinc to half a pint of water, twice a day, or use the Associated Fanciers' Eye Wash, which will be found very effective. Directions on each bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle. DIVISION II Diseases of the Digestive Organs, DIARRHCEA. Cause: Exposure to cold and wet, want of regular feeding, unwholesome food such as rancid meat, too much fat, sour milk, etc. If taken in time Diarrhoea may be easily checked; if allowed to run, it will terminate in dysentery and death. Symptoms : Constant purging of a slimy offensive matter, causing the dog to lose flesh rapidly. Homoeopathic Remed^^: Give no meat food; give F F of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy: Put the dog in a dry warm room with a box of earth and a nice comfortable bed. First give a teaspoonful of castor oil with a couple of drops of laudanum in it, after which give ten drops of spirit of camphor in a saucer of milk; or a pill twice a day com- 64 TOY DOGg. posed as follows: five grains of powdered chalk, five grains of rhubarb, three grains of cayenne pepper, and one half grain of opium* Feed on nothing but bread and milk, or a little cooked meat. DYSENTERY. Cause: Badly treated Diarrhoea; it is an ulceration of the bowels. Symptoms: Great emaciation, rough coat, dejected look, and loss of appetite. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give F F and if the dog loses all relish for food, alternate with JJ. For food give a rich broth, beef tea or a raw egg. Allopathic Remedy : Give a two-grain calomel pill about every other day, and a half-grain quinine pill three times a day. A teaspoonful of Port Wine, or a little brandy and water will help to strengthen the dog. GASTRITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF THIl STOMACH. Cause : Highly improper food, or poison taken by mis" take or given intentionally. Symptoms: The dog gets thin, has a constant painful strain to vomit, intense thirst, hot dry nose, quick breath- ing and refuses all food. The bowels are often out of order. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give A A and J J of the Spe- cifics, alternatively; for diet give warm milk and bread, or a little raw meat cut up into small pieces. Allopathic Remedy: First give atablespoonful of castor oil, and after the dog vomits, give a dessert spoonful of olive oil, after which a pill of one grain calomel, half grain opium, and two grains of sub nitrate of bismuth, three times a day. TOY Doas. 65 COSTIVENESS AND CONSTIPATION. Cause: Chronic inflammation of the bowels, want of regular exercise, too close continement, indigestible food. Symptoms: Unsuccessful attempts to relieve them- selves, although they imiive frequent efforts to do so. When they succeed it is in small quantities. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics, with bread and milk for a diet. Allopathic Remedy: Give a teaspoonful of castor oil, or about teu grains of Epsom salt dissolved in a saucer of milk. The Assoc. ated Fanciers' Canine Laxative is an ex- cellent preparation for this complaint. Directions on the bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle. INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS OR BLADDER. This is generally the result of a cold. The symptoms are a great scantiness of urine and evidence of pain in the loins. Homoeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a dry unex- posed place and give H H alternate with A A of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy: Give 10 grains of nitre with half ounce of Epsom salt in water, twice a week. If the pain is severe, give one or two capsules of balsam of copaiba, which can be had at most any drug store. TUMORS, ULCERS OR SORES. Cause; Want of cleanliness, neglected wounds, exter- nal injuries. Sometimes they may be constitutional. Symptoms: Not necessary to describe as they are gen- erally known when seen. 66 TOY DOGS. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics and anoint the parts with witch hazel oil. Allopathic Remedy: Diet the dog; do not give it any rich or fatty food; give a dessert spoonful of castor oil, if not better in three or four days, repeat the dose, at the same time anoint the parts witli the following ointment: one drachm of iodide of potassium and one ounce of lard. Tumois that are apparently inward or resemble swellings, should be operated on with a lancet. WORMS. Cause: A secretion of mucus matter caused by disturbed indigestion. Symptoms: Unhealthy ai^pearance of the coat, hair ruffled up, ravenous appetite, although looking poor in condition. The faeces are passed frequently and in small quantity, mixed with mucus; nose hot and dry; breath oflTensive and spirits dull. Homoeoi^athic Remedy: Give D D of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy: Ten drops of tincture of aloes, or five drops of spirit of turpentine, given direct in a spoon- ful of water or in a saucer of warm milk. The most successful remedy for worms is the Associa- ted Fanciers' Worm Capsule. It is a positive remedy for these troublesome pests. It is a capsule, easily adminis- tered, and will clean out round worms. Directions on the box. Price 50 cents per box. Sold by druggists or will be sent by mail on receipt of price. A special Tape W^orm Specific can also be [obtained from the Associated Fanciers at the same price. INDIGESTION. Cause: Overfeeding, unwholesome or highly seasoned food, w^ant of exercise, or debilitated system. Symptoms: Apparent laziness, want of appetite, with TOY DOGS. 67 scanty and unhealthy faeces. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give boiled milk and J J of the Specifies. Allopathic Remedy: Give daily a pill of three grains of rhubarb and one fourth grain of calomel. Also use the Associated Fanciers' Canine Tonic. DIVISION III. Diseases of the Air Passages, BROXCHITIS. Cause: Dogs that are liable to catch cold are often sub- ject to this complaint, which is mainly caused by being exposed in wet or damp places, or to bad weather, result- ing in inflammation of the windpipe. Symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, staring coat and watery eyes; if not checked it will likely result in consumiDtion. Homoeopathic Remedy: Keep on alow diet and give A A alternately with E E of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy: Keep the dog well housed in doors, lower the diet, give only warm milk and bread, or a little cooked meat; if there is no tendency towards diarrhoea, give a dessert spoonful of castor oil; if there are signs of diarrhoea, add a couple of drops of laudanum to the oil, or give a pill of two grains of iodide of potassium. Wash the eyes with a little warm milk or weak tea. The Associated Fanciers' Cough Mixture is very elfica- oious for bronchitis. Directions on the bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle. 68 TOY DOGS, ASTHMA What is often called Asthma in a dog is nothing more than chronic Bronchitis, which is very common among petted toy dogs, that do not have much exercise. The symptoms and treatment are the same as those described in Bronchitis. There is however another form of asthma accompanied with spasms; this comprises a sudden diffi- culty in breathing, so severe at times that the dog seem- ingly gasps for breath. Under such circumstances the dog should be well housed in a warm dry place, free from draught. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give A A every hour and E E morning and night until relieved. Allopathic Treatment: Consists of first giving an emetic, composed of from one half to one grain of tartar emetic dissolved in a tablespoonful of warm water, every three hours, until the dog is relieved; after which give a cough bokis composed of ipecacuanha powder, one half to one grain; powdered rhubarb, one to two grains; powdered opium, one quarter grain; compound s^'rup of squill, one to two drops. If the spasms are severe give ten drops of laudanum and ten drops of ether in water every three hours until relieved. The Associated Fanciers' Asthma Cure is considered one of the best preparations for this complaint. Direc- tions on each bottle. Sold by the druggists. Price 50 cents per bottle. CORYZA OR CATARRH OF THE NOSE. Cause: Remaining out in wet or damp weather, or be- ing exposed to a sudden change in the atmosphere. Symptoms: Sneezing, watering of the eyes, with a slimy discharge from the nose. TOY DOGS. 69* Homoeopathic Remedj'^: Remove the dog to ii warm, dry place, wash the eyes and nose with castile soap and. warm water, and give C C of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy: Put a little seasoning in the food', such as cayenne pepper. Give three or four drops of tincture of aconite in the saucer of milk, or use a solution of chloride of zinc, two grains to an ounce of water, and inject it into the nostrils with a syringe. DIPHTHERIA OR ULCERATED SORE THROAT. Cause: Sleeping in a draught, or being confined in a damp, wet place. Symptoms: Mouth and throat filling up with a mucus^ resembling a thick saliva; little white ulcers are found on the mouth, throat and tongue. It is contagious, and unless taken in time it will prove fatal. Homoeopathic Remedy: Diet on bread and milk; give A A of the Specifics, and powder the moath with borax and chlorate of potassium or pulverized burnt alum. Allopathic Remedy: Remove to a warm dry place,, swab out the mouth and throat with Labarraque's Solu tion, diluted with one half water and apply nitrate of silver or pow^dered borax to the ulcerated parts, twice a da3\ A little powdered sulphur mixed in milk is also serviceable. CONSUMPTION. Cause: It often arises from breeding in and in, or it may be hereditary, but it is generally caused by a neg- lected cold, or being confined in unhealthy places, which cause scrofulous tubercles to form on the lungs, liver and other organs. The symptoms are hardly observable in the early stage of the disease; in the more advanced state there is 70 TOY DOGS. :a cough with a wasting away of flesh, together with dndications of weakness aud lassitude. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give stimulating food; let the milk he thickened with oat meal or Imperial Granum, •and give E E of the Specifics. Allopathic remedy: Attend to proper housing, and regulate the diet. A little raw meat cut up into small pieces, or a small quantity of wine or brandy in milk will be very strengthening. The main medicine, however, should be cod liver oil, a dessert spoonful or more every •day. In advanced stages the disease is incurable. DISTEMPER. Cause: This is a much more common and dangerous •disease than it is supposed to be, and generally occurs in half grown dogs, whose system is not thoroughly regula- ted. It is somewhat similar to typhus fever, which poi- sons the blood, by which the various secretions are either totally checked, or so affected, as to prevent them from acting in a healthy manner, in order to purify the system. It is contagious and requires care in the treat- ment. Symptoms: Bad cough with fever and a mattery dis- charge from the nose and eyes; staring coat; ditficult breathing; sudden wasting awa^^; refusing food, or at times eating voraciously, without any apparent strength- 'cning results; impaired secretions, which are black and •offensive; wandering around with tongue protruding; a iflt often occurs when the brain is affected; or at other times the dog becomes delirious. This is the most critical stage of all and if the dog recovers, it is often a victim of Chorea or Palsy for the balance of its life. Homoeopathic Remedy: Let the diet be low, such as bread and milk. Give C C of the Specifics, and if there TOY DOGS.. 71 is much fever alternate with A A. If the disease appears^ checked but the appetite is poor, give J J. Allopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in doors. Diet as- above directed. Give a dessert spoonful of the following mixture: castor oil, three ounces; syrup of buckthorn, two. ounces; syrup of poppies, one ounce. If diarrlio^a is- present, put a couple of drops of laudanum in each dose. Wash the eyes and nose morning and evening with sul phate of zinc, diluted with the same quantity of w^ater.. It may also be injected into the nostrils with a syringe. When the stage of prostration comes on, good strong beef tea should be given with a spoon, every three or four hours, or alternate with milk, and; wine. If the dog. becomes better, but still appears weak, give a teaspoon- ful of cod liver oil twice a day, which will act like magic^ Should at any time Mange present itself anoint the affec- ted parts as directed for that disease. A most valuable remedy for this disease will be found in the Associated Fanciers' Distemper Treatment. Each box contains an exhaustive treatise on all tlie complica- tions of the disease, and instructions for di«t to be used:. Price 50 cents pe • box, same price by mail.. GENERAL DEBILITY. Cause: Over showing at exhibitions, close confinement without fresh air. Symptoms: Moping about without apparent cause; out of condition; want of appetite or general prostration. Homoeopathic Remedy: Feed.on good wholesome food,. a little at a time; raw egg may be given daily. Give J Js of the Specifics. Allopathic Remedy: Give ten drops "of tincture of chlor- ide of iron, in a saucer of milk; feed on beef tea, raw meat, or rich broth. A teaspooiifaliQJEGod.li.vej oil ever^r 72 T(n' DOGS. iinorning Mill prove beneficial. The Associated Fanciers' Canine Tonic is the most guccessful remedy for general debility; it is also good for all humors of the blood. Directions on each bottle. For sale by the druggists. Price 50 cents per bottle. JAUNDICE. Cause: This disease is a derangement of l lie liver, and iis more prevalent in overfed dogs that do not get proper •exercise. It is often fatal. Symptoms: It commences with fever, loss of appetite ;and shivering; next comes on sickness of the stomach, vomiting of a greenish or yellow fluid mixed with froth. Diarrhoea or Dysentery may follow, and these are liable to cause death. Homoeopathic Remedy-: Give J J of the Specifics; ii not relieved, alternate with A A. Allopathic Bemedy: First give a teaspoonful of Glaub- er's salt diluted with water. If this should aggravate the vomiting, it will cause more good than harm, as it will clear out the stomach and may check the fever. If the vomiting continues for too long a time, give a pill com- posed of one drop of creosote, and five grains of aroma- tic powder, three times a day. If the dog appears to be ■constipated, give a one grain calomel pill, for four or five nights in succession. Should this cause too much laxity, •omit it for a couple of nights. To complete the cure, give tliO Associated Fanciers' Canine Tonic. If much ema- ciated give a teaspoonful of cod liver oil, twice a day. A little raw meat cut up into small pieces, may be fed •daily, otherwise the diet should consist of soft food. DROPSY. Dropsy consists of serum Infilterated into the cellular TOY DOGS. 73 membrane beneath the skin of the whole body, as shown by the swelUng. The cause is general debility, by which the serum is not absorbed, or it may come from inaction of the kidneys, by which the blood is overcharged with it. Gross food, or foul, dirty kennels will also produce it. It mostly occurs in old worn out dogs, v.ith inactive livers. The treatment must vary with the cause. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics, alter- nated with A A. Allopathic Remedy: Give tonic composed of twoounces of compound tincture of bark, mixed with fourteen oun- ces of decoction of yellow bark, and give of this one to three tablespoon fuls, two or three times a day, according to the size of the dog. The Associated Fanciers' Canine Tonic will, however, be found to be the most effectual treatment of all. DIVISION IV. Diseases of the Skin. MANGE. Cause: This disease is principally caused by bad or careless treatment; by either under-feeding or over- feeding on unwholesome food; or close confinement, all of which tend to bring about poverty of the blood. It is also known to be hereditary. ♦ Sj'mptoms: Thickening or scabby njv earance of the skin, which breaks out into an eruption, with an offensive discharge flowing from the cracks or ulceration; this 74 TOY DOGS. dries in time and falls off in scales, taking with it the hair, which is also further removed by the constant scratching or biting of the poor animal, that is tormen- ted with a constant itching of the parts affected. Homoeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics and bathe the parts with the Marvel of Healing; at the same time keep the dog on a milk diet. Allopathic Remedy; Give one drop of Fowler's Solution in milk, twice a day, for a week, after which omit it for a week, then three times a day for another week, after which omit it for a couple of days, then begin again, and continue in like manner until the disease disappears. The parts affected should also be anointed witii a little of the Mexican Salve, made by the Mexican Medicine Co., 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia. Rub it well into the skin every other day; or bathe with phenyle solution. In place of the arsenic, a pill of one grain of iodide of potassium may be given twice a day. The diet should be bread and milk, but no meat. The Associated Fanciers' Mange Wash is a quick and effective cure for the most virulent forms of Mange. Directions for use on the bottle. For sale by druggists. Price 25 cents per bottle. ERUPTIONS. Eruptions of any kind are caused by impurity of the blood, and should be treated in a like manner as Mange. VERMIN. Cause: Doi^s are liable to have fleas and lice, when they are kept in unclean places. These insects are also taken from other animals, with' whom the dogs may have associated. Symptoms: These pests are indicated by the annoyance TOY L>(>GS. 75 they cause, and they are easily distinguishable to tlie eye. Remedy : Rub lac sulphur or carbolic powder well into the skin; or use phenyle solution. The most effective remedy for fleas and lice is the Associated Fanciers' Flea Wash. It is guaranteed to kill all kinds of vermin on dogs or cats. See directions on the bottle. Sold by the druggists. 25 cents per bottle. HAIR AND COAT. For promoting the growth of liair on dogs, and giving them a beautiful glossy coat, use the Associated Fanciers' Hair Stimulant, which should be applied once or twice a day with gentle friction Sold by druggists. Price 50 cents a bottle. DIVISION V. Fractures and Bruises. BROKEN BOXES. If a dog happens to get a limb broken, it should be set and splinted the same as tiiat of a human being. If badly- lacerated, with little liklihood of its properly healing, do not hesitate to amputate it, if you value your dog and want to save its life. The ragged edge of the bone may be readily sawed off with a small fine saw, leaving enough flesh and skin to form a flap to cover over the end of the bone. Stop the bleeding by cauterizing it, then sew up the wound and dress with stickin-^ plaster. This opera- tion is better performed by first giving the patient chlor- 76 TOY DOGS. oform to keep it quiet; this should be done by laying the dog on its side, then saturate a rag or sponge with a little chloroform and hold it near its nose, not touching it, or you may smother it. Should the chloroform evaporate before taking effect, renew it immediately, and try it oyer again. It generally takes from five to ten minutes to accomplish a state or torpor. During convalescence the dog should be kept as quiet as possible, and fed spar- ingly on nourishing food. BRUISES AND CONTUSIONS. Cuts, tares or bites, unless they are very severe, or are a long time in healing, are better left to the dog, as it will lick them, which is about the best healing remedy. But if it is a large tare, a few stitches may be necessary; these should be made with a curved needle, with strong thread or silk; after which the wound may be dressed with witch hazel oil, or Marvel of Healing, either of which will be found to be excellent when appliid to bruises of any kind. They alleviate the pain and pre- vent stiffness. The Mexican Salve however is more efficacious than either or both of them. RICKETS. Rickets or large joints, are caused by a defective bone substance. It mostly occurs in puppies when the lime or gelatinous matter is deficient. When puppies are con • fined to their kennels they are likely to get bandy legs, this being the first sign of Rickets. The best remedy is pure country air with plenty of exercise; and good whole- some food. Where there is apparent poverty of blood, a one or two grain of quinine and iron pill, once or twice a day, will prove beneficial. Oftentimes enlarged joints are men ly a ?ign of vigor, which will disappear as the puppy grows older. List of the Associated Fanciers' Preparations. NEVv^ PROCESS DOG 'BISCUIT. A concentrated condition food for dogs and growing puppies. Price 10 cents per pound. Sample calie sent by mail to any P.O. in tlie U. S. or Canada, on receipt of 6 cents. FLEA SOAP. Equal to an oat meal toilet soap in quality and appearance. Destroys vermin and keeps it ofT; neutralizes doggy odor, stimulates the growth of hair, and cures mild skin diseases. Price 25 cents per cake. Same price by mail. FLEA WASH. Especially prepared for long haired breeds that are too troublesome to wash often. 25 cents per bottle. By mail 40 cents. DISTEMPER TREATMENT. The prescription of a distinguished veterinary surgeon and used with uniform success at nearly all the prominent kennels. Each box contains an exhaustive treatise on all the complications of the disease, and instructions for the diet to be used during the disease. Price per box 60 cents. Same price by mail. MANGE WASH. One bottle is generally sufficient to cure parasitical mange. Sometimes two or three ap- plications will effect a cure. Price 50 cents per large bottle. Small bottles by mail 50 cents. WORM CAPSULES. One dose is a speedy cure for worms in grown dogs or young puppies. Price 50 cents per box. Same price by mail. TAPE WORM SPECIFIC. Will rid a dog of this troublesome pest after all other remedies fail. Price 50 cents per box. Same price by mail. CANINE TONIC. For loss of appetite, bad coat, poor condition, blood mange or after recovery from distemper or other weakening diseases. Price 50 cents per bottle. Same price by mail. CANKER WASH. A sure cure for this troublesome disease. Price 60 cents per bottle. Small bottles by mail 60 cents. EYE WASH. For weak and inflamed eyes. Price 50 cents per bottle. COUGH MIXTURE. An excellent remedy. Price 50 cents per bottle. ASTHMA CURE. Price 50 cents per bottle. CHOREA TREATMENT. For twitching of the muscles and partial paralysis this m»^dicine is a wonder- ful remedy. Price 60 cents per bottle. CANINE LAXATIVE. For relieving constipation. Price 60 cents per bottle. PIARRHCEA MIXTURE. Price 50 cents per bottle. HAIR STIMULANT. Foi; promoting the growth of hair on dogs and giving them a beautiful glossy coat. Price 50 cents per bottle. FLUID KENNEL DISINFECTANT. An instan- taneous deodorizer for kennels and useful as a germ destroyer in distemper and mange. Price 25 cents for a. twelve ounce bottle. Small bottle by mail 25 cents. DRY KENNEL DISINFECTANT. This destroys the bad smell in kennels or dog boxes, by sprinkling it among the bedding or on the floor. It is also useful in distemper and mange Price 25 cents per box. PUPPY FOOD. This is the result of a long series of experiments. Puppies reared on this food will never be troubled with worms, as it contains a harmless vegetable ingredient that is death to these parasites. It is rich in both muscle and bone making materials. Price 50 cents per five pound box. CAT FOOD. An excessive meat diet, raw or cooked, is injurious to cats. It is also injurious to their coats. We liave prepared a palatable and digestible cooked food, containing the necessary quantity of meat and other pure ingredients that will keep the cat in good health. Price 10 cents per pound. Sample packages sent by mail on receipt of 5 cents. POULTRY FOOD. This is an excellent food for chickens of all ages. It may be fed from the time they come out of the shell until their existence is ended. As an egg producer it has no equal. It is specially prepared, containing all easily digested ingredients necessary to health. To feed it take sufficient for a meal, pour boiling water or milk over it, enough to make it a crumbly mass, then let it cool a little before feeding. Price 10 cents per pound or $3.50 for 50 pounds. All the above preparations can be obtained from the druggists, grocers and gunsmiths. To avoid disappoint- ment, do not accept any substitutes of any kind that may be recommended as being just as good, but insist on having those plainly marked with the name of the THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS, 4#e N«RTH THIRD 5TRBET, PHILADBLPHIA. PA. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN POULTRY, DOGS OR CATS YOU SHOULD SEND FOR T^E FOL LOWING B OOKS : The Poultry Doctor A valuable little Book for the Fancier and Breeder of Poultry. Showing how to rear and keep them, giving symp- toms of their different ailments witli treatment by allopathic and homoeo- pathic remedies. By John E. Diehl^ American Poultry Association Judge. Mailed on receipt of 25 cents in Postage Stamps. THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS' NEW BOOK The Toy Dog. It traces its origin and describes the many different varieties. How to select, br ed and manage them. Their diseases, and symptoms, with remedies for the same by homoeo= Fiathic and alloipathic treatments. Ilustrated with about fifty well= drawn Engravings. The last and best book by the Lite John E, Diehl. flailed to any address on receipt of 25 cents. H Domestic Cat its different breeds and varie- ties, how to keep and rear them. Its diseases, with symptoms and remedies. This book is invaluable to the owners of cats. Written by John E. Diehl. Mailed on receipt of 25 cents in stamps or Post O ffice money order. Remit for all of the obove books to the ASSOCIATED FANCIERS, ThMlTLVHYr INDEX. PAG F,. Allopathic Treatmeiht, 55 Anatomy of the Dog, 6 Associated Fanciers' Preparations, < 77 Asthma, . . . G8 Breeding Dogs, . 18 Broken Bones, . . 75 Bronchitis, . . G7 Bruises and Contusions, 76 Canker or Inflammation of the Ear and Eye, 61 Catarrh of the Nose, 68 Chinese Crested Dog, 47 Chorea, . . . 57 Classification of Diseases56 Consumption, . . 69 Constipation, . . 65 Coryza, . . . C8 Costiveness, . . 65 Dandie Dinmont, . 29 Diarrhoea, ... 63 Different Breeds of Dogs,2l Diseases of Dogs, . 63 " oftlieSkin, 73 of the Head, Brain and Nerv- ous System, 56 PAGB. Diseases of the Digestive Organs, . . 63 Diseases of the Air Passages, . . 67 Dysentery, . . 64 Distenii^er, . . 70 Dropsv, ... 72 Dipht'heria, . . 69 Eruptions, . . 74 Fanciers' Hand Books, 80 Fevers, ... 56 Fits, Apoplectic, . 59 " Convulsive, . 58 " Delirious,. . 59 " Epileptic, . 60 Fractures and Bruises, 75 French Poodle orBarbet,47 Gastritis or Infiamma- tion of the Stomach, 64 General Debility, . 71 Hair and Coat, . 75 Homceopathic Treat- ment, . . .55 How to administer jNIedicine, . . 53 Hydrophobia, . . 60 Indigestion, . . 66 TOY Doas. PAOR Inflammation of Eyes, C2 Inflammation of the Kidneys and Blad- der, . . . 65 Italian Greyhound, 45 Jaundice, ... 72 Maltese Dog, . . 31 Management of Dogs, 10 ]SIange, ... 73 Mexican Hairless Dog, 46 Milk Fever, . 57 IVursing and Diet, . 54 Ophthalmia, . . 62 Origin of the Doof, . 5 Palsy, . .^ . 58 Pomeranian or Spitz, 49 Pug, .... 43 Hearing Puppies, . 18 Hickets, . . . 76 Selecting a Dog, . 10 PAGE. Spaniel, Blenheim, . 40 " Japanese, . 42 King Charles, 38 Prince " 39 " Ruby, . . 41 Terrier, Airedale, . 28 " Bedlinglon, 26 " Black and Tan, 32 " Bull, . . 33 " Fox, . . 35 " Irish, . . 26 " Scotch, . 25 " Skye, . . 23 Pricked Ear 24 " Yorkshire, Tumors, Ulcerations, and Sores, . Vermin, Whippet or Runnin Dog, . . Worms, 22 65 74 51 6P LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 020 951 306 7 t