ENGLISH HYMNOLOGY. -k lM«lr #wm*i*i& Reprinted (with additions and corrections) from the MONTHLY PACKET. BV THE REV. LOUIS COUTIER BIGGS, M.A., Rector of West Chickerell, Weymouth. PRICE FOUR SHILLINGS, PUBLISHED BY SUBSCRIPTION, [LONDON: MOZLEYS, 6, PATERNOSTER ROW.] 1873. BUTLER & TANNER, THE SELWOOD PRINTING WORKS, FROME, AND LONDON. PREFACE. The following papers were written shortly after my pub- lication of the 'Annotated Edition of Hymns Ancient and Modern/ Among the many kind judgments passed upon that work, more than one expressed regret that so much labour should have been exclusively given to one collection of hymns. Moreover, I became sensible of many errors and defects in my former work. These were chiefly pointed out to me by correspondents, though I must gratefully acknowledge the helpful criticism bestowed on my work by the reviewer in the Church Choirmaster and Organist. While most of my reviewers were content simply to praise my work, only one (so far as I know) assailing it with unmixed censure, 1 the Church Choirmaster showed me where and how I was wrong. On several points, the following pages will be found to set right such mistakes as I have detected in the 1 Annotated Edition/ I much regret that I have not been able to wait for the appearance of the enlarged hymnal of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. I should also have been glad to publish with these articles a reprint of the ' Songs of Other Churches/ the series now appearing in the 1 The AthencBum, whose reviewer must have been strangely ignorant of the subject of hymnology. Will it be credited that he supposed me to be the sole compiler of * Hymns Ancient and Modern/ that he accused me of undervaluing Keble because I quoted Lord Nelson's statement that some versions altered by the author of the ' Christian Year/ which had been given in the ' Salisbury Hymn-Book/ would be found, with the original text restored, in the enlarged and revised edition? But most wonderful of all, I am charged with ' flunkeyism/ because I have men- tioned the Prince Consort's love for the hymn, t Rock of Ages/ in the note where reference is made to translations of it in German. vi Preface, Monthly Packet, and which, I hope, will, on their completion, i be presented separately. Among recent hymn-books deserving of notice, perhaps the most interesting is the ' American Church Hymnal' now au- thorized by the General Convention of the Protestant Episco- pal Church of the United States. It is a large collection, 520 hymns ; yet evident care has been used to exclude anything objectionable. Unfortunately, the arrangement of the hymns according to their subjects is not very clearly made out, nor very consistently maintained. Moreover, it is burdened with a larger proportion of the old-fashioned psalmody than would now be quite acceptable to the altered tastes of our own English congregations. The question has recently been raised, how far it would be expedient to authorize a single hymnal for the use of the English Church. I cannot help feeling that such a step would be most injurious to the interests of the Church. In the first place, it would be impossible to satisfy all parties in the Church without extending the collection far beyond the usual limits. This would increase the expense of print- ing and binding, and prevent the book from being a cheap one, in spite of the enormous number of copies which would be required. Next, it is obvious that the work could not be compulsorily introduced everywhere at once without manifest injustice to those who had recently adopted other books. Some years must be allowed, as for the introduction of the New Lectionary, and when these were expired, the book would already require an appendix. Again, difficulties about copy- right would arise, and would prove almost insuperable. A small compensation may suffice from a compiler whose work, after all, will probably have but little effect in diminishing Preface. vii the sale of the older hymn-book. But the question is wholly altered when we have to deal with compilers whose work is to render all books that have previously appeared useless and worthless. A compromise might possibly be made in the following manner. Such of our older hymns as could be reprinted without question as to copyright might be authorized by Convocation for use wherever they would be acceptable. Gaps might be left in the numbering of these, and it might be ordered that after a certain date no new hymnal should be introduced into any church unless its hymns, correspond- ing in number to the authorized hymns, were identical with them, and distinguished in type, if this were thought neces- sary, from the other hymns. Thus for special occasions it would be easy to select hymns which would be identical in number in the several different collections, and when addi- tional hymns were authorized, they might fall into their places between the others. The first set of authorized hymns might be numbered by tens; the next might be 5, 15, 25, etc. Both authorized and unauthorized hymns might be in- creased in number without disturbance of the original book, and without the drawback of appendix or supplement My apology for suggesting this plan must be the difficulties which would surely attend any attempt to establish an authorized hymnal in the ordinary way. The numerous correspondents who have helped me in the compilation of this book will, I hope, accept my sincere thanks for their kind and welcome aid. Chickerell, Weymouth, S. Bartholomew s Day, 1872. The Reprint of the " Songs of Other Churches " will be published as soon as One Hundred Copies are subscribed for y at Six Shillings per Copy. Subscriber? names received by Rev. L. C. Biggs, Chickerell, Weymouth. ENGLISH HYMNOLOGY. INTRODUCTORY.— MORNING AND EVENING HYMNS. The general revival of Church hymns forms a most interesting feature in the great restoration which God is now being pleased to work in our holy English Church. We are placed in the midst of a great and still increasing spiritual movement ; we are living in an age which shows itself active to renew, not merely the sculptured tracery, the external beauty, of the Church's fabric, but also the ancient graving of her doctrines, the towering harmony of her praise. And though in some details the waywardness of man may have marred the noble work, yet surely its existence and advance must be matters of deep thankfulness to us all. Nor is the luxuriant and fruitful growth of our hymnology by any means a small part of these bless- ings. Hymns possess a wonderful power, for evil or for good : — for evil, when they are made the vehicle of false teaching, as they were by the early heretics ; l — for good, when they attune men's hearts to thankfulness and praise, and meanwhile unite them, in the bonds of peace and truth, more closely with the Head of the Church. It is the purpose of the present series of articles briefly to review the best of our English hymns, glancing incidentally at anything which may help to illustrate them, assigning them, as far as possible, to their sources, and noticing where the hymns, as generally known, materially differ from the original compositions of their authors. The hymns which it is intended to consider will be chiefly those adapted to form a part of public worship, though some of them may perhaps be regarded as more suitable for private devotion. The classification 1 Especially by Bardesanes the Gnostic, and later by Arius and Apollinarius . Instances nearer home are not wholly wanting. B English Hymnology. will follow, with few variations, the order of the subjects contained in the Book of Common Prayer, reserving to* the last the consideration of i General Hymns.' In justification of such an arrangement, we may quote the language of Archdeacon Wordsworth : ' A Hymn-book of the Church of England may perhaps best be described as a com- panion to the Book of Common Prayer.' In the first place, then, parallel with the Order for Morning and Evening Daily Prayer, would be found hymns for the different hours of the day, and days of the week. It seems to be the especial province of morning and evening hymns to note the passing phenomena of sunrise or sunset, and turn them to spiritual account. Springing from individual obser- vation, their natural expression is usually singular. This is exempli- fied in Bishop Ken's well-known morning and evening hymns. It is related that he often sang his morning hymn, before dressing, to his lute — probably to the tune known as Tallis's Canon. The exact text of these and of his midnight hymn, as they were first written, may be seen in Mr. Daniel Sedgwick's edition of Ken's hymns, or in Anderdon's Life of Ken, published by Pickering. The version in Sir Roundell Palmer's ' Book of Praise ' contains the author's latest corrections, many of them apparently made to improve the position of accented syllables. Thus : — i Glory to Thee,' is in two places corrected to ' All praise to Thee; ' ' Influenced by the Light Divine/ to i By influence of; 1 ' ye Angelic Host,' (in the Doxology,) to 'ye heavenly Host.' In the Evening Hymn, the last two lines of the third stanza are altered from and given thus — * Teach me to die, that so I may Triumphing rise at the last day.' 1 To die, that this vile body may Rise glorious at the awful day.' The address to the Guardian Angel is changed into a prayer for his protection. In the midnight hymn, the only material changes are in the first two stanzas. Perhaps the best known morning and evening hymns, after those of Bishop Ken, are taken from the first two poems of the Christian English Hymnology. Year. There is no doubt that some years intervened between their composition and their publication in 1827. For the full understand- ing of those verses which are sung in church, it will be found very useful to become thoroughly familiarized with the rest, especially the introductory verses, which raise the soul to the realization of the feelings expressed in the hymn. The true difficulty of actually feeling and entering into the spirit of the morning hymn is, that so few persons are really familiar with sunrise in summer, and that for so many the ' Hues of the rich unfolding morn,' the ' rustling breeze/ the ' fragrant clouds of dewy steam,' are indeed but wasted ' treasures of delight.' If only we had more experience of these things, if they greeted us hastening early to the sanctuary of God, we should gain much more from our daily lives. But evening hymns are more real to us, because they refer to a time when we are more frequently alive to the beauties of nature. As a hymn for morning and evening, perhaps there is none which surpasses Mrs. Alexander's, 'The roseate hues of early dawn.' The authoress has given a somewhat less happy version of it as an even- ing hymn in ' Hymns, Descriptive and Devotional.' A ' Morning or Evening Hymn,' by Dr. Watts, has acquired some celebrity — ' My God, how endless is Thy love/ — but it seems less fitted for public than for private worship. His morning hymn, (from Psalm xix.) 6 Behold the morning sun/ was once very popular in the modified form in which Mr. Hall presented it in the ' Mitre Collection.' Two morning hymns by Charles Wesley are well known. The first, ■ Christ, Whose glory fills the skies/ will be found in Wesleyan collections with an entirely different first verse, beginning, ' O dis close Thy lovely Face/ — the hymn in them beginning, ' Christ, Whose glory fills the skies/ not being a morning hymn, nor in the same metre. Wesley's other morning hymn, ' Forth in Thy Name, O Lord, I go/ is only appropriate for week-day use. The following hymn, by the Rev. Thomas Davis, may be new to some of our readers. ' With Thee, Lord, will I walk by day, And thankful praise, and trustful pray ; Nor hope from sorrow to be free, Save as I know repose in Thee. English Hymnology. ' To Thee, on each returning night, My soul shall wing her peaceful flight ; And this my morning joy shall be, That, waking, I am still with Thee. * With Thee, the Source of life and light, And joys unnumbered, infinite, Through this fair world, and all on high, That light and deck the midnight sky. c When days and nights have passed away, And breaks the one Eternal Day, O give me, Lord, to wake, and be Still, and for evermore, with Thee.' Of translated hymns for the morning, the most noticeable is Miss Winkworth's beautiful version of Heinrich Albert's ' ® o 1 1 be3 <§tm* mel§ uxti ber @tben. ; The first line is the same as that of an evening hymn, (the composition of Bishop Heber, to which Archbishop Whately added another verse,) ' God, Who madest earth and heaven :' — the two have sometimes been confounded together. It is worthy of notice that Archbishop Whately's stanza is evidently an adaptation of the Compline Antiphon : — ' Salva nos, Domine, vigi- lantes, custodi nos dormientes, ut vigilemus in Christo, et requies- camus in pace.' ' When morning gilds the skies ' is by the Rev. E. Caswall, given in his Lyra Catholica as a translation from ' ©elofct fei) 3efu3 G^tifV; but I have quite failed to trace the original German. i Now that the daylight fills the sky/ is Dr. Neale's trans- lation from, ' Jam lucis orto sidere/ written by S. Ambrose. It is improved in the Sarum Hymnal, where it begins, ' While now the daylight fills the sky.' The two Sunday morning hymns from the Paris Breviary l have supplied us with two excellent English hymns — i Morn of morns, and Day of days/ translated by Sir H. W. Baker, and, c Now morning lifts her dewy veil/ translated by I. Williams and J. Chandler; the latter borrowing much from the translation of the 1 ' Die dierum principe,' and * Ad templa nos rursus vocat.' It must be remem- bered that the Paris Breviary hymns have no claim to antiquity, having been mainly composed in the eighteenth century by Santeul and Coffin. Yet, as Dr. Newman says, they ' breathe an ancient spirit ; and even where they are the work of one pen, are the joint and invisible contribution of many ancient minds.' English Hymnology. former. The Ambrosian hymn, ' Splendor Paternae Gloriae,' has been well translated by Chandler, whose version appears, slightly altered, in ' Hymns, Ancient and Modern,' — ' O Jesu, Lord of Light and Grace/ Dr. Wordsworth's Sunday Morning Hymn, ' O Day of rest and gladness,' in spite of one or two weak stanzas, is exceedingly beautiful; its second stanza commemorates the threefold joy of the Day — the creation of Light, the Resurrection of the Lord, the gift of the Spirit — even more successfully than Sir H. W. Baker's hymn, ' On this Day, the first of days.' l ' This is the day of light,' by Rev. John Ellerton, is also a good Sunday morning hymn. There are some beautiful verses in Miss Elliot's hymn, beginning — 'Thou glorious Sun of Righteousness, On this day risen to set no more, Shine on me now to heal, to bless With brighter beams than e'er before.' It will be found in Mr. Snepp's ' Songs of Grace and Glory/ ' Again the Lord's own Day is here,' altered from ' The Sunday morn again is here,' is Dr. Neale's translation from ' En Dies est Dominica,' a mediaeval hymn of singularly rugged and uncouth structure. The daily hymn for the third hour in the Roman and Sarum Breviaries, 2 has been translated by Dr. Newman as follows : — ' Come, Holy Ghost, Who ever one Art with the Father and the Son ; Come, Holy Ghost, our souls possess With Thy full flood of holiness. ' Let mouth, and heart, and flesh combine To herald forth our Creed Divine ; And love so wrap our mortal frame, Others may catch the living flame.' ' O God of truth, O Lord of might,' 3 and c O God of all the strength and power/ 4 are much altered in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern ' from 1 From a Le Mans Breviary hymn, { Die parente temporum.' 2 Nunc Sancte nobis Spiritus. The version given above is copied from the Translator's MS. , and is materially altered in the small volume of poems in which it was reprinted in 1853. It originally appeared in ' Tracts for the Times, ' 1836, 3 Rector potens, verax Deus. 4 Rerum Deus tenax vigor. English Hymnology. Dr. Neale's hymns for the sixth and ninth hours. ' As the sun doth daily rise/ is given in the Sarum hymnal as a translation from King Alfred's ' Matutinus altiora.' ' The radiant morn hath passed away ' is by the Rev. Godfrey Thring, written as an afternoon hymn. Of Evening hymns, after those of Bishop Ken and Keble, few would refuse the highest place to the Rev. H. F. Lyte's hymn, - Abide with me ! fast falls the eventide/ written within two months of the author's death at Berry Head. The original has eight verses. Faber's evening hymn, i Sweet Saviour, bless us ere we go,' is beau- tiful ; as are also Edmeston's lines, beginning, ' Holiest, breathe an evening blessing;' and Joseph Anstiee's hymn, ' Father, by Thy Love and Power.' Thomas Kelly's, ' Through the day Thy love hath spared us,' finds a place in most hymn-books ; but it is difficult to imagine how we can really sing in church the second line, ' Now we lay us down to rest. 1 Dr. Neale's translation from a Greek hymn of S. Anatolius, 1 ' The day is past and over,' suits a week-day evening best. His rendering of the daily compline hymn in the Roman Breviary, 3 ' Before the ending of the day/ is far surpassed by Bishop Mant's version, ' Ere the waning light decay.' The hymn, i As now the sun's declining rays/ translated from the Paris Breviary hymn for the ninth hour, 3 has been much improved from Rev. J. Chan- dler by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' Some- what similar in subject is Caswall's translation from an original, now unfortunately lost, 4 'The sun is sinking fast.' Dr. Neale's 'O Trinity of Blessed Light' is taken from an Ambrosian evening hymn. 5 ' Three in One, and One in Three' by the Rev. Dr. Gilbert Rorison was written in 1850 for his church at Peterhead. It is altered in later collections, and is founded on parts of two Roman Bre- viary hymns, c Tu Trinitatis Unitas/ and 'Jam sol recedit igneus.' 'At even, ere the sun did set' is by the Rev. Henry Twells. The hymn ' O Father, Who didst all things make ' first occurs in the Rev. William Beadon Heathcote's Prayers for Children, published 1 Tr)i> Tjfxipav dceXOwv. 2 Te, lucis ante terminum. 3 Labente jam solis rota. 4 Sol prseceps rapitur, proxima nox adest. 5 O Lux Beata, Trinitas. English Hymnology. in 1846. A morning hymn on the same framework is given in this book. The original doxology in both runs thus : — * "Praise be to Father ; praise to Son ; Blest Spirit, equal praise to Thee : Glory to God, the Three in One ; Glory to God, the One in Three.' 1 Hail gladdening Light ' is translated from the Greek of S. Atheno- genes 1 (who died in 175 a.d.), by Rev. J. Keble. It originally appeared in ' Lyra Apostolica.' ' Saviour, again to Thy dear Name we raise/ by Rev. John Ellerton, and Canon Bright's i And now the wants are told, that brought/ are written for the close of evening service. We extract from ' The Rock/ the following verses by Mr. William Ouin, as possibly deserving a place in our hymnals. ' To Thee we come, our Saviour dear, For now the night of rest is near ; Oh ! let Thy wings of mercy, Lord, A safe protection us afford ! * Oh ! watch us through the hours of night, Till we again behold the light ; Then be with us throughout the day, And guard us, lest from Thee we stray. 6 And when the night of death shall come, When here our earthly task is done ; Oh ! Saviour, in Thy Gracious Love, Receive us in Thy Arms above ! ' We do not possess many Sunday evening hymns of the highest order. Two translations by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern ' may be noticed : one from the Sunday vespers hymn in the Paris Breviary, 2 ' Great God, Who, hid from mortal sight ; ' the other, 3 ' Blest Creator of the Light,' taken (with some few lines from Chandler's translation) from the corresponding hymn in the Roman Breviary. We cannot very deeply regret that W. Mason's Sunday evening hymn, ' Soon shall the evening star, with silver ray,' has been omitted in most of the hymn-books now in use. Though it may 1 <£cDs IXapov, 2 O Luce Qui mortalibus. 3 Lucis Creator optiem, English Hymnology. be truly poetical, it can hardly be called truly devotional. Miss Wink- worth has very successfully translated Stegmann's Sunday evening hymn, 1 ' Abide among us with Thy Grace/ and her lines would doubtless have been more generally known if Keble and Lyte had not already paraphrased the text on which they are founded. 2 The Paris Breviary hymns for nocturns of the week-days 3 have been fairly rendered into English by the compilers of * Hymns Ancient and Modern/ (in Hymns 25-30,) but their work is in some small measure founded on previous translations. The consideration of hymns appropriate for Friday will come under that of hymns for Holy Week. On Saturday, Isaac Williams's rendering of the Paris Breviary hymn for Saturday at vespers, 4 ' Great Mover of all hearts, Whose Hand/ may be sung ; or the hymn adapted from Rev. T. Whytehead's ' Seventh Day of Creation/ and which begins, ' Resting from His Work to-day/ The author of this hymn, after a brilliant career at Cambridge, died young in New Zealand, where he was one of the first missionaries. 1 2ldfj Metfc m\t £>etner ©ncite. 2 St. Luke xxiv. 29. 8 Dei canamus Gloriam, [Monday) : — Jubes, et in praeceps aquis, [Tuesday)-. — Miramur, O Deus, Tuse, {Wednesday) :— Isdem creati fluctibus, {Thursday) : — Jam sanctius moves opus, {Friday) : — Tandem peractis, O Deus, {Saturday). Charles Coffin is the author of all these. 4 Supreme Motor cordium. ^) II. HYMNS FOR THE FESTIVALS FROM ADVENT TO SEPTUA GESIMA. The greatest and noblest of our English hymns will be found thickly clustered round our two highest festivals, Christmas and Easter. Some of them belong to the two preparatory seasons of Advent and Lent ; others naturally attach themselves to the festivals in the two periods of forty days which follow. We have at present to deal with the Christmas group of hymns. Advent has given the key-note to many of the hymns which have come down to us from ancient times. Among these, the first in rank is certainly Thomas of Celano's c Dies Irae.' Sir Walter Scott's free imitation of it, ' That Day of Wrath, that dreadful Day/ has more of the spirit and tone of an English hymn than most of the more literal translations. The version in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern' is by Dr. Irons. 1 Dean iVlford has less successfully rendered it in the version beginning, s Day of anger, that dread Day.' Isaac Williams has a much better translation, 'Day of Wrath ! that awful Day.' The Earl of Roscommon's translation is good. Some stanzas of it, beginning ' The last loud trumpet's wondrous sound,' are given in Bickersteth's and Hall's collections. Abp. Trench has given an exceedingly literal translation, beginning ( Oh that day, that day of ire.' It could hardly be employed as a hymn for English use, and parts of it would scarcely be understood by a person unacquainted with the original. Versions in several languages may be found in Daniel's Thesaurus Hymnologicus.' The original belongs to the fourteenth or fifteenth century, and is noticeable as an early example of a Latin 1 Altered in the first and last verses. In the first, for Dr. Irons's ' See once more the Cross returning,' (from ' Crucis expandens vexilla,') is substituted 'See fulfilled the prophet's warning,' (from the true reading, ' Teste David cum Sibylla ;')— in the last verse, for 'Grant us Thine eternal Rest,' is given, 'Grant themj more literally translating ' Dona eis Requiem.' io English Hymnology. Hymn in which the singular number is used throughout. The popular hymn, ' Lo ! He comes with clouds descending/ is based on John Cennick's imitation of 'Dies Irae,' published in 1752. Charles Wesley in 1758 wrote two hymns, from which the first two and the last stanza of those usually given in our hymn-books are taken. He also wrote the verse — ' The dear tokens of His Passion Still His dazzling Body bears ;' but these two, ' Every island, sea, and mountain,' and ' Now Re- demption, long expected,' are by Cennick. Wesley's last stanza ends with a line softened in most of our collections — 1 J ah, Jehovah ! Everlasting God, come down.' An anonymous Latin versification of some of those Christmas antiphons which begin with O Sapientia, appears, much improved from Dr. Neale's rendering, in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern' : — 'O come, O come, Emmanuel.' 1 On the other hand, Chandler's beautiful translation from the Advent nocturns hymn in the Paris Breviary, 2 has there been altered without apparent reason. The original begins thus — ' The Advent of our God Our prayers must now employ, And we must meet Him on His road With hymns of holy joy.' The two other Paris Breviary hymns for Advent given in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ are, 'On Jordan's bank the Baptist's cry,' 3 and 'When shades of night around us close;' 4 the former altered from Chandler, the latter translated by the compilers. One of the best verses of Chandler's is omitted : 1 * Veni, veni, Emmanuel.' The original is in a French missal of the twelfth century. The antiphons represented by its five verses are the seventh, third, fifth, fourth, and second, respectively. 2 Instantis Adventum Dei. 3 Jordanis oras praevia. 4 In noctis umbra, desides. English Hymnology. I [ ' E'en now the air, the sea, the land, Feel that their Maker is at hand ; The very elements rejoice, And welcome Him with cheerful voice.' These three hymns were all written by Charles Coffin. ' Creator of the starry height/ 1 and ' O heavenly Word, eternal Light/ 2 are translations by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern p from two Sarum and Roman Breviary Advent hymns. Caswall has most successfully rendered one of the Ambrosian Advent hymns, 3 'Hark ! a thrilling voice is sounding.' The popular Advent hymn, 'Great God ! what do I see and hear!' is an imita- tion from Bartholomew {not Benjamin) Bingwaldt. 4 The author of the first English stanza is unknown; it was given in 1812 by Dr. Collyer with three additional stanzas of his own, the first two of which have been transferred with alterations to our present hymn- books. Miss Winkworth has beautifully rendered Rist's glorious Advent hymn, 5 'Arise, the kingdom is at hand!' Freylinghausen's hymn, of somewhat later date, 6 is known to us in Miss Cox's version, ' Wake ! the welcome Day appeareth !' Two of Heber's Advent hymns, 'The Lord will come! the earth shall quake V and 'In the sun and moon and stars/ attained some popularity, though less deservedly than his grand lines — 'The Lord of might from Sinai's brow Gave forth His Voice of thunder.' Mrs. Alexander's hymn, 'When Jesus came to earth of old,' is exceedingly beautiful. ' Hark ! the glad sound ! the Saviour comes/ 1 Conditor alme siderum. 2 ' Verbum supermini prodiens, A Patre olim exiens.' It must not be confounded with S. Thomas Aquinas' s Eucharistic hymn, which borrows its first line. 3 En clara vox redarguit. 4 (£3 ift getoiffUd) an fcer Beit. 5 2luf, auf, i§r Jfteic^genoffen. 6 2luf! auf! toeU tev £ag erftyeinen. 12 English Hymnology. is by Philip Doddridge. Dr. Wordsworth's ' See, He comes ! Whom every nation ' deserves to be better known ; as do also Sir Edward Denny's 'Hope of our hearts ! O Lord, appear/ and Dr. Monsell's ' Praise the Lord ! rejoice, ye Gentiles!' ' O quickly come, dread Judge of all' is a beautiful hymn by Lawrence Tuttiett. Of Dr. Bonar's somewhat numerous Advent hymns, perhaps the best are ' A few more years shall roll' and ' Come, Lord, and tarry not' W. H. Bathurst's ' Angels, from your blissful station ' is an unsuc- cessful parody of Montgomery's Christmas Eve hymn noticed below. Jane Crewdson's 'Oh, for the peace that floweth as a river' begins well, but almost breaks down in the later stanzas. Charles Wesley's ' Thou Judge of quick and dead ' is very slightly but very judiciously altered in i Hymns Ancient and Modern,' less sparingly in the Sarum Hymnal. For S. Andrew's Day, (Nov. 30,) Mrs. Toke's 'Jesus calls us o'er the tumult' is appropriate. For S. Thomas's Day, (Dec. 21,) may be used Neale's 'We have not seen, we cannot see.' For Christmas Eve we have Madan's variation of Wesley, 1 ' Hark ! the herald angels sing,' Nahum Tate's 'While shepherds watched their flocks by night,' and James Montgomery's magnificent hymn, 'Angels from the realms of Glory.' John Cawood wrote the lines beginning, 'Hark! what mean yon holy voices?' The Paris Breviary hymn for nocturns of Christmas Day 2 may be appro- priately sung on the midnight which ushers in the festival. It may be questioned whether the compilers of 'Hymns Ancient and Modern' have improved upon the Rev. James Russell Woodford's original rendering — 1 God from on high hath heard, Let sighs and sorrows cease ; The skies unfold, and lo ! Descends the gift of Peace.' 1 Wesley's original begins thus — ' Hark ! how all the welkin rings, Glory to the King of kings.' 2 * Jam desinant suspiria,' by Charles Coffin. English Hymnology. 1 3 Isaac Williams's translation will be seen to be from its metre scarcely so well fitted for church use : — 1 Away with sorrow's sigh, Our prayers are heard on high ; And through Heaven's crystal door, On this our earthly floor, Comes meek-eyed Peace to walk with poor mortality.' Of very high merit is the following — 4 It came upon the midnight clear, That glorious song of old ;' though it is perhaps rather a carol than a hymn. The author is Edmund H. Sears, an American poet. Of our translated hymns for Christmas morning, the most notice- able are the various renderings of ' Adeste, fideles,' a hymn probably not older than the fifteenth century. We owe to Canon Oakeley the most popular of these, though his first line, 'Ye faithful, approach ye,' has often been altered. 1 That in the Salisbury Hymn-Book is the most regular in structure, and probably due in part to the Rev. J. Keble. It begins, 'Draw nigh, all ye faithful, joyous and triumphant.' Dr. Neale's rendering, 'Be present, ye faithful, joyful and triumphant,' is less poetic. John Byrom's Christmas hymn, ' Christians, awake ! salute the happy morn/ is most familiar to us in a shortened form : there are sixty lines in the original. Bp. Christopher Wordsworth's Christmas morning hymn, ' Sing, O sing this blessed Morn/ is very beautiful, though too long. One of our earliest Christmas hymns comes from the ninth in the Cathemerinon of Prudentius, 2 which begins with a few lines 1 In the S. P. C. K. Collection and ' Hymns Ancient and Modern' it is given ' O come, all ye faithful.' In Master's Hymns and Introits the original first line is retained, but there are alterations in the rest of the hymn. 2 ' Da, puer, plectrum, choreis ut canam fidelibus Dulce carmen et melodum, gesta Christi insignia.' Its title is * Hymnus omni hora.' 14 English Hymnology. unsuitecl for a church 'hymn. The largest selections from it have been made in the Hereford Breviary, and translated by Sir H. W. Baker, who has, however, adopted some lines from Dr. Neale. His version begins, ' Of the Father's Love begotten, ere the worlds began to be.' 1 Sir H. W. Baker has also given in 'O Christ, Redeemer of our race,' a translation of an Ambrosian Christmas hymn, 2 less literal than the Rev. W. J. Copeland's version — * Jesu, Redeemer, from on high, Who, ere the daylight shone, Sole Offspring of His Majesty, Art with the Father One.' The Christmas hymn, ' High let us swell our tuneful notes/ which crept into Tate and Brady's supplement about 1810, is by Philip Doddridge. For S. Stephen's Day we have the translation of Jean Baptiste Santeul's Paris Breviary hymn, 3 given in i Hymns Ancient and Modern ' — 1 First of martyrs, thou whose name Doth thy golden crown proclaim.' The allusion is here to the meaning of the Greek name 2re £au£t, sotf 23hit imb SBunben. 3 Pange lingua gloriosi lauream certaminis. From ' Lustra sex Qui jam peregit.' 5 In Passione Domini. 26 English Hymnology . Francis Xavier's hymn on love to God, inspired by the contemplation of the Passion, 1 rises almost too high in devotional fervour to be really sung from the heart by a congregation ; nevertheless, CaswalFs translation, l My God, I love Thee ; — not because/ is found in most new hymn-books. A Mozarabic Breviary hymn of the seventeenth century 2 has been translated by Dr. Neale, t Raise, raise thine eyes a little way.' His version is given with alterations in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ where the metre and rhymes are slightly changed, coin- ciding in some verses with a rendering by the Rev. F. Pott. It may be interesting to compare the third verse in the two translations. 1 But though upon Him many a smart Its bitterness expendeth, Yet more, — oh, how much more ! — His Heart Man's thankless spirit rendeth ! On the Cross, bewailed by none, Mark, O man, how Mary's Son His life of sorrow endeth. ' y. M. Neale. 1 Tis not alone those Limbs are racked, But friends, too, are forsaking ; And more than all, for thankless man The Saviour's Heart is aching ; Oh ! fearful was the pain and scorn By Jesus, Son of Mary, borne, While He our bonds was breaking.' F. Pott. Of the same date with this hymn, or even later, are two Roman Breviary hymns, translated by Caswall — t He Who once in righteous vengeance, 7 3 and t Overwhelmed in depths of woe ;' 4 one by Sir H. W. Baker, t Now, my soul, thy voice upraising/ 5 from the Paris, and another, i Sion's daughter, weep no more/ 6 from the Roman Breviary. 6 Angels, lament; behold your God/ is altered from Chandler's translation of Coffin's 'Lugete, pacis angeli.' 6 Angels of peace, 1 O Deus, ego amo Te. 2 Attolle paulum lumina. 3 Ira justa Conditoris. 4 Saevo dolorum turbine. 6 Prome vocem, mens, canoram. 6 Venit e coelo Mediator alto. English Hymnology. 27 look down from heaven and mourn,' in the Sarum Hymnal, is I. Williams's translation. ' Glory be to Jesus,' is Caswali's translation of an Italian indulgence-prayer. 1 Chandler's translation, ' His trial o'er, and now beneath/ 2 a Good Friday hymn, deserves especial mention. The hymn in ' The People's Hymnal,' by T. W. C., which embodies the seven Words on the Cross, ' Draw near, thou lowly Christian/ is less devotional than Miss Cox's translation, ' Seven times our blessed Saviour spake.' 3 ' O come and mourn with me awhile/ is much improved for English use by the changes from Faber's original made in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' ' Rock of Ages, cleft for me/ Toplady's world-renowned hymn, is founded on the marginal rendering of Isa. xxvi. 4. It first appeared in the Gospel Magazine for March, 1776, entitled, ' A Living and Dying Prayer for the Holiest Believer in the World.' Mr. Bridges has evidently imitated it in his hymn, 'Soul of Jesus, once for me.' We owe chiefly to the Hon. and Rev. Walter Shirley the hymn, i Sweet the moments, rich in blessing/ though he has evidently based his work on 'While my Jesus I'm possessing/ by Allen. Montgomery wrote ' Go to dark Gethsemane/ a hymn rendered appropriate to Holy Week by the omission of the last verse, which commemorates the Resurrection. ' Hark ! the Voice of Love and Mercy,' is attributed to Jonathan Evans, but his claim to it is disputed. For Easter Eve we have a beautiful hymn by Dr. Neale, ' With CHRiST^ve share a mystic grave,' also appropriate for Baptisms. The somewhat rugged lines of Whytehead's ' Sabbath of the saints of old/ have been re-cast into a beautiful hymn, ' Resting from His Work to-day.' 4 Wordsworth's, 1 Upon the sixth day of the week/ would supply another, if treated somewhat similarly. For S. Matthias (Feb. 24) there is scarcely any hymn of high merit to be found. The best is perhaps by Gerard Moultrie, — ' Bishop of the souls of men.' Dr. Wordsworth's, ' No longer Thou in human form/ is woefully below his usual standard of excellence. On the 1 Viva ! Viva ! Gesu. Opprobriis, Jesu, satur. (Par. Brev. Passion Sunday at nocturns.) 3 5) a 3efu§ an beg j\ieiqe3 ^tamm. 4 See p. 8, 28 English Hymnology. Annunciation (March 25) may be sung ' Praise we the Lord this day,' a hymn published anonymously at Oxford in 1846; Dr. Neale's translation from Venantius Fortunatus, ' The God Whom earth, and sea, and sky ;' 1 and W. W. How's ' Jesus ! Name of wondrous Love ! ; We cannot entirely recommend Sir H. Baker's hymn ' Shall we not love thee, Mother dear/ though we fail to see in it any grave doctrinal error. 1 Quern terra, pontus, aethera. (Rom. Erev.) IV. EASTER, ASCENSIONTIDE, WHITSUNTIDE, AND TRINITY SUNDA Y HYMNS. If, like our Lord and His disciples, 1 the Church sings hymns in the very presence of His hours of suffering, yet are her strains then few and low compared with the songs of triumph with which she con- tinues to celebrate His victory, until once more she is summoned to the Mount of Olives to receive His parting blessing. A Greek hymn 2 of the eighth century, by S. John Damascene, for Easter Day, has become deservedly popular in Dr. Neale's translation, "Tis the day of resurrection.' From the same ' Golden Canon' two other hymns might be adopted, almost unaltered, for English use — ' Let us rise in early morning/ 3 and ' Thou hallowed chosen morn of praise.^ The latter is given in the ' People's Hymnal,' from Neale's first edition, thus losing some excellent corrections made in the later copies of his work. ' Come ye faithful, raise the strain/ is Dr. Neale's translation from S. John Damascene's Canon for S. Thomas's Sun- day. 5 A long Latin hymn for Easter, by S. Ambrose, 6 appears, variously divided into two or three parts, in our hymn-books. The version in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ ' Light's glittering morn bedecks the sky/ is based on Dr. Neale's. The two following specimens are translated from the Roman Breviary : — 'The dawn is purpling o'er the sky, The air with Alleluias shakes, The glad earth shouts her triumph high, Hell in each shuddering cavern quakes.' Rev. W. J. Copeland. 1 S. Matt. xxvi. 30. 2 'Avacrrdcrews rjfiepa. The irregularity of the first line is corrected in most of the hymnals. 3 'OpdplaujpLev opdpov Radios. 4 Avtt) 7) kXtjtt}. ° "Acrojfxeu, irdvres \&oi. 6 'Aurora lucis rutilat ' fSarum Breviary). The version given in the Roman Breviary, ' Aurora ccelum purpurat,' is much altered from the original. 30 English Hymnology. 'The dawn was purpling o'er the sky ; With Alleluias rang the air ; Earth held a glorious jubilee, Hell gnashed its teeth in fierce despair.' Rev. E. Caswall. Another Ambrosian hymn, 1 also in the Sarum Breviary, is improved from Dr. Neale's rendering, 'The Lamb's high banquet we' await;' in 1 Hymns Ancient and Modern/ ' The Lamb's high banquet called to share/ Two recast versions, much inferior in the Latin, have sup- plied English hymns of at least equal merit with those translated from the original. The first, 2 in the Roman Breviary, gives us ' At the Lamb's high feast we sing/ translated for the 'S. Andrew's Hymnal,' by Robert Campbell. From the original MS. of this translation it would seem to have been intended as a sort of Easter adaptation from Wesley's ' Hark ! the herald-angels sing.' There is another translation, by Copeland, ' In garments dight of virgin white/ very beautiful, but less fitted for church use. The Paris Breviary contains a hymn 3 imitated by Charles Coffin from the same Latin original. The following translation from S. Fulbert of Chartres, 4 in common metre, is much more spirited than Dr. Neale's (which begins similarly) in long metre. It is due to Robert Camp- bell, editor of the ' S. Andrew's Hymnal. 7 It has been altered somewhat in later collections. i Ye choirs of New Jerusalem, Your sweetest notes employ, The Paschal Victory to hymn In strains of holy joy. ' How Judah's Lion burst His chains, And crushed the Serpent's head, And brought with Him from death's domains The long imprisoned dead. 1 From hell's devouring jaws the prey Alone our Leader bore ; His ransomed hosts pursue their way Where He hath gone before. 1 Ad ccenam Agni providi. 2 Ad regias Agni dapes. 3 Forti tegente Brachio. Chorus Novee Jerusalem. English Hymnology. 3 1 * Triumphant in His glory now, His sceptre ruleth all : Earth, heaven, and hell, before Him bow, And at His footstool fall. 1 While joyful thus His praise we sing, His mercy we implore, Into His palace bright to bring, And keep us evermore. ' Through times unknown to earthly thought, O Father, praise to Thee, To Him Who our deliverance wrought, And to the Spirit be. One of the most jubilant ' proses ; of the French Service-books, 1 the composition of an unknown author in the twelfth century, has suffered sadly from sundry efforts to torture it into an English hymn. The least unfortunate rendering is perhaps by J. D. Chambers, — ' Children of men, rejoice and sing! 7 Dr. Neale's, 'Ye sons and daughters of the King,' is made most unnecessarily worse in 'Hymns Ancient and Modern/ ( : sons and daughters, let us sing,') where it has indeed become a ' prosaic and meaningless ditty.' 3 A much more pleasing hymn, in the same metre, i The strife is o'er, the battle done,' is the Rev. F. Pott's translation of a twelfth-century Easter hymn. 3 Dr. Neale's, retaining the very peculiar metre of the original, is too evidently constrained by the exigencies of its rhymes. It begins thus : — ' Alleluia ! Alleluia ! Finished is the battle now ; The crown is on the Victor's brow ! Hence with sadness ! Sing with gladness Alleluia ! ' Dr. Bonar's version : — i Alleluia ! Alleluia ! The battle now is done. The victory is won ; Let us joy and sing Alleluia ! ' O filii et filise. 2 R, H. Baynes. 3 Finita jam sunt prselia. 32 English Hymnology. is scarcely more successful. The compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern ' have themselves translated the Roman Breviary matins hymn for ' Low Sunday/ [i.e. the First Sunday after Easter,] ' O Christ, the heavens' Eternal King.' 1 Cas wall's version, 6 O Thou the heavens' Eternal King,' is in common metre. A very free translation from the 6 Salve Festa Dies ' for Easter, beginning, ' Hail ! Day of days, in peals of praise/ is ascribed to Copeland in ' The People's Hymnal,' but is not in his published book. There is a very beautiful translation of this hymn by Rev. John Ellerton, 1 Welcome, happy morning.' It is given in Mr. Snepp's i Songs of Grace and Glory.' Copeland is the translator of the Sarum Breviary compline hymn 2 as given in \ Hymns Ancient and Modern,' c Jesu, the world's redeeming Lord/ but his work has been much improved. The twelfth-century ' prose ' in the Roman and Paris Missals 3 is freely imitated in ' Christ the Lord is risen to-day ; Christians, haste your vows to pay ! ' There seem to be scarcely sufficient grounds for ascribing this trans- lation to a Miss Leeson, whom Mr. Sedgwick supposes to be the author. More literal translations are, i Praise to the Paschal Victim bring/ in the ' People's Hymnal,' and Dr. Neale's ' To the Paschal Victim.' One of the oldest German hymns, composed by Michael Weiss, 4 has been beautifully translated by Miss Winkworth, — ' Christ the Lord is risen again.' More than a century later than Weiss, Louisa Henrietta, Electress of Brandenburgh, wrote her Easter hymn, 5 also found in Miss Winkworth's Lyra Germanica — 'Jesus my Redeemer lives.' C. F. Gellert's Easter hymn, 6 which somewhat resembles this, belongs to the eighteenth century. Miss Cox's translation of it, ' Jesus lives ! No longer now,' is somewhat spoiled in sixteen col- lections now lying before us, every one of which has omitted the last two lines of each stanza. Miss Cox's original may be seen in 1 Rex Sempiterne coelitum. 2 Jesu Salvator saeculi. 3 Victims Paschali laudes. 4 (Sfyriftug ijt erjlcmten. 5 Sefug mctne ^userftcfyt. 6 3efit3 UU ! mit 3§m aucl; tc$. English Hymnology. 33 * Hymns from the German, by F. E. Cox/ or in ' Lyra Messianica/ for which it was revised by the authoress. Luther's Easter hymn, — ' In the bonds of Death he lay/ in Miss C. Winkworth's translation, — can only be used on the morning of Easter Day. The Easter hymn, 'Jesus Christ is risen to-day! Alleluia!' has been traced by Mr. Sedgwick to a school-book of sacred history, printed at Northampton about the middle of the eighteenth century, written by one C. B., probably a pupil or friend of Dr. Doddridge. Unhappily, all the old records of its printers were destroyed in a fire at the Mercury office a few years ago. Mrs. Alexander's Easter hymn, ' He is risen, He is risen V is scarcely so beautiful as most of her sacred poetry. The hymn ' Christ the Lord Is risen to-day Sons of men and angels say,' is by Charles Wesley. Dr. Neale wrote, partly in imitation of ancient sequences, the irregularly divided lines beginning, ' The foe behind, the sea before.' ' The happy morn is come/ by Haweis, is a fine hymn, though it is perhaps improved by the alterations with which the Rev. R. H. Baynes prints it in ' The Canterbury Hymnal/ where it begins — { Lo ! the glad morn is come ; The Lord is risen indeed Victorious from the tomb ; He hath His people freed ! Thy praise we sing, the Church's Head, O Thou Who livest and wast dead ! ' Heber's hymn, ' God is gone up with a merry noise/ is much more appropriate for Ascension Day. Wordsworth's 'Alleluia ! Alleluia ! Hearts to Heaven and voices raise/ is exceedingly beautiful, yet falls short of his other hymn, ' In Thy glorious Resurrection/ which echoes, in no faint tones, the poetry of Adam of S. Victor, in whose style it is written, and whose Easter sequences 2 it cannot fail to recall. Monsell's beautiful Easter hymn, ' Christ is risen ! Alleluia 1 (£§rtfi lag in £obe£Banfceit. 2 Especially ' Ecce Dies Celebris ' and ' Zyina vetus expurgetur. ' D v 34 English Hymnology. and H. Bonar's, 'The tomb is empty; wouldst thou have it full?' must be mentioned, The hymn which in Thomas Kelly's original begins, ' He's gone ; see where His Body lay/ has been in the collections mostly altered to ' Come, see the place where Jesus lay.' This is the first line of a hymn by the Rev. A. T. Russell, but Kelly wrote another quite different hymn, beginning — ' Come, ye saints, look here and wonder ; See the place where Jesus lay.' For Rogationtide, Keble's hymn, 'Lord, in Thy Name Thy servants plead/ written for the ' Salisbury Hymn-Book' in 1857, may be used ; and on the three Rogation days, Neale's ■ Till its holy hours are past.' Perhaps the only hymn of Sir H. Baker's that can be regarded as in any sense a failure, is that which he has adapted to the tune of a German litany/ from which, indeed, the words of its first verse are imitated. Ascensiontide is very rich in hymns. One of the most interesting, 2 as to its history, has come to us from S. Bede. The Ascension was a favourite theme with him, and was one of the last subjects of his song. It is well translated in Hymnal Noted, 3 ' Sing we triumphant hymns of praise/ but better still in Mrs. Charles's, ' A hymn of glory let us sing.' S. Ambrose's hymn for Ascension Day 4 is much im- proved from Dr. Neale's ' Eternal Monarch, King most high/ in 6 Hymns Ancient and Modern,' where it begins, 'O Lord most high, Eternal King.' Copeland's translation, ' King Eternal, Power un- bounded/ begins well, but breaks down in the last two stanzas. The Paris Breviary vespers hymn for Ascension Day 5 has been greatly altered from Chandler's version in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ 'O Saviour, Who for man hast trod.' There is a much more spirited version in i The People's Hymnal,' altered from W. J. Blew — 'Anointed One ! Thy work is done.' The hymn in the same Breviary for lauds 6 (' O Christ, our Hope, our heart's Desire/ 1 ,33 citer, son fcem pdjften £§ron.' A much better tune has been written for it by Dr. Hayne. 2 Hymnum canamus gloriae. 3 The version there given is not by Dr. Neale. 4 ^Eterne Rex Altissime. 5 'Opus peregisti Tuum,' by Charles Coffin. 6 Jesu, nostra Redemptio. English Hymnology. 35 in Chandler's translation, greatly surpasses the altered Latin 1 in the Roman Breviary, which Copeland has translated, ' Author of lost man's Salvation.' The fourth ode in S. Joseph of the Studium's Canon for Ascension Day 2 supplies the hymn, ' Jesus, Lord of Life Eternal.' The stanzas are alphabetically arranged in the Greek as well as in this (Dr. Neale's) translation. This was probably done to assist the memory, and in imitation of the Hebrew poets. 3 J. Zwick's Ascension hymn 4 is somewhat tamely rendered in Miss Winkworth's ' To-day our Lord went up on high.' The most popular of our English Ascension hymns, ' Hail the day that sees Him rise/ is much improved from Charles Wesley's original in most collections. Some of Wesley's last stanzas will be new to many : 5 — * Master, (will we ever say,) Taken from our head to-day, 6 See Thy faithful servants, see, Ever gazing up to Thee. * Ever upwards may we rove, Wafted on the wings of Love ; Looking when our Lord shall come, Longing, gasping, after home : ' There we shall with Thee remain, Partners of Thine endless reign : There Thy Face unclouded see ; Find our Heaven of heavens in Thee.' i See the Conqueror mounts in triumph,' by Bp. Wordsworth, is rather a beautiful poem than a successful hymn. Mrs. Toke's best hymn, 'Thou art gone up on high,' was first printed in 1851. The hymn from the Paris Breviary for the Octave of the Ascension, 7 ' O Christ, Who has prepared a place/ in Chandler's translation, may fitly be sung on the Sunday after Ascension Day. For Whitsun-Eve 1 * Salutis humanae Sator.' See Daniel, ' Thesaurus Hymnologicus, ' i. p. 63. 2 'Irjo-ovs 6 £u)od6T7}s. 3 Compare, e.g. Psalm cxix. 4 2luf biefen %a% fcefcenfen toir. 5 They are given with alterations in the S.P.C.K. collection as a separate hymn. 6 Compare 2 Kings ii. 3, 5. 7 Nobis, Olympo redditus. 36 E7iglisJi Hy 111110 logy. we have ' Ruler of the hosts of light,' one of the most successful renderings by Sir H. Baker and his co-compilers, from an anonymous hymn in the Paris Breviary. 1 The second part of Wordsworth's last- mentioned hymn is also suitable for this day :—' Holy Ghost, Illuminator.' Many of the Latin Whitsun Day hymns 2 contain some reference to the giving of the Law, which the Jews commemorated on this day. There is a curious parallelism, and yet more strange contrast, between this gift and that of the Holy Ghost. The morning's first lesson (old lectionary) of Ascension Day takes us up the Mount Sinai with Moses, even while we celebrate the Ascension into heaven of the ' Prophet like unto' Moses. Whitsun Day brings from both their several gifts, the one written on stone, the other on 'fleshy tables of the heart' If we have no popular translations of the hymns which thus present Whitsun Day in its double significance, we have an English hymn, no doubt partly suggested by them, 3 Keble's ' When God of old came down from heaven;' and they are glanced at in Wordsworth's ' When the Lord of Hosts ascended.' Another class of Whitsuntide hymns is addressed to the Holy Ghost. The best known of these 4 is retained from the ancient Ordinal in our own Ordination Service, where there are two translations given. The first, in long metre, 5 is much the better ; it is the work of Bishop Cosin, in whose 'Devotions ' it may be found. It begins, 'Come, Holy Ghost, our souls inspire.' Other translations are Dryden's 'Creator Spirit! by Whose. aid,' a free paraphrase in thirty-nine lines, and ' Come, Holy Ghost, Creator blest,' by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' The authorship of the Latin hymn is variously ascribed to Rhabanus Maurus, to Charlemagne, and to Gregory. The Whitsun Day sequence in the Roman and Paris Missals 6 has been popularly ascribed to Robert II. of France \ but Pitra, the editor of 1 Supreme Rector ccelitum. 2 Compare especially ' Inter sulphurei fulgura turbinis,' the Paris Breviary Whit- sun Day hymn for nocturns. 3 ' I dare say they gave me hints, and I am glad at any rate of the coincidence.' (Letter of Rev. J. Keble, dated December 13th, 1865.) 4 Veni Creator Spiritus. 5 It is perhaps better divided into three stanzas of six lines each. 6 Veni Sancte Spiritus. English Hymnoiogy. 37 1 Spicilegium Solesmensej assigns it, on contemporary testimon) r , to Stephen Langton. Cas wall's translation, ' Come, Thou Holy Spirit, come,' though less strictly following the metre of the original, is much better than Dr. Neaie's ' Come, Thou Holy Paraclete.' We also owe to Caswall, ' Above the starry spheres,' the best rendering of the Ambrosian hymn, 1 given in the Roman Breviary for the matins of Whitsun Day. The hymn for lauds, written by S. Hilary, 2 has been translated by Blew rather poorly, ' Round roll the weeks our hearts to greet;' better by Copeland, ' Again the circling seasons tell' The alterations from his version in ' Hymns and Introits ' are all improvements. From the German hymn of Johann Rist 3 for Whitsun Day Miss F. E. Cox has made a beautiful translation, ' This day sent forth His heralds bold,' but it is hardly fitted for Church use. Paul Gerhardt's Pentecostal Hymn 4 is known to us in two translations ; that of Jacobi, as altered by Toplady, c Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness,' and Miss Winkworth's, 'Sweetest joy the soul can know.' Simon Browne's hymn — 4 Come. Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, My sinful maladies remove, 5 is found thus altered in most collections, (perhaps first in Hall, 1836)- ' Come, Gracious Spirit, Heavenly Dove, With Light and Comfort from aboz't. } It must not be confounded with Watts's — * Come, Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, With all Thy quickening Powers,' and Hart's ( Come, Holy Spirit, come.' "Spirit of Mercy, Truth, and Love ' is not, as commonly supposed, by the Rev. R. W. Kyle, but much older, being first found in ' Foundling Hymns.' Miss Auber's Hymn, ' Our Blest Redeemer, ere He breathed,' is from her 4 Spirit of the Psalms.' c Gracious Spirit, Holy Ghost ; is by Bishop Wordsworth. 1 Jam Christus astra ascenderat. 2 B'eata nobis gaudia. 3 £eut Bar tetvjvcpc £tramel6t)ctr. 4 -O 5)u aUerjufte Oreute. 38 English Hymnology. Trinity Sunday has a beautiful hymn assigned to it in the old Anglo- Saxon hymnaries, 1 which Chambers has well translated, ' All hail ! Adored Trinity/ and which contrasts favourably with the Paris Breviary lauds hymn, 3 ' Blest Trinity, from mortal sight/ which even the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern ' have been unable to clothe with poetry. Miss Winkworth's versions of Angelus, i Most High and Holy Trinity/ 3 and Tersteegen, 'Thee, Fount of Blessing, we adore/ 4 may be used, but are not equal to Heber's grand hymn on the portion of Holy Scripture appointed for the Epistle for this day, ' Holy, Holy, Holy ! Lord God Almighty/ ' O God of Life, Whose Power benign/ is by A. T. Russell. In Morrell and How's c Psalms and Hymns ' it is given by mistake as 'from the German. ' ' Father of Heaven, Whose Love profound/ was first printed in CotterhTs Collection, 1810, and in marked copies of that book is ascribed to ' J. Cooper/ a writer otherwise unknown. Wordsworth's ' Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord ! ' and Monsell's ' Mighty Father ! Blessed Son ! ' deserve to be better known. Faber's hymn, ' Most ancient of all mysteries ' is very good. For S. Mark's Day (April 25 th) we have scarcely any hymns spe- cially appropriate ; those for Evangelists generally will be considered in another paper. Dr. Wordsworth's poem in 'The Holy Year/ ' The virtues of Thy saints, O Lord,' is even less like a hymn than Keble's ' Oh ! who shall dare in this frail scene.' SS. Philip and James's Day (May 1st) is better provided for. Bishop Doane's 'Thou art the Way, to Thee alone/ is appropriate to the Collect and Gospel; Wordsworth's ' Blest be, O Lord, the grace of Love/ is one of his best saints'-day hymns. Gurney's ' Memory of the blest departed ' is unfit for use in church. The Latin hymn, sung on the tower of Magdalen College, Oxford, on the morning of this day, was given in the Monthly Packet, volume xvii. p. 527, with a translation in English : — it is not specially appropriate to the Festival. Neale has written a beautiful hymn for the day, given in his ' Hymns for Children' — 'All is bright and cheerful round us." 1 Ave, colenda Trinitas ! 2 O Luce Quae Tua Iates. 3 #cdj$eiltge £rcicungfcit. 4 33rutm cUUS «§ci(8, 2)tc$ e(;ten toic. V. HYMNS FOR SAINTS' BAYS, FOR CHURCH DEDICATION, FOR CHORAL FESTIVALS. Many of the festivals of the Saints have come before us already in the course of the Church's year. There remain, however, the festivals from June to November ; and we have besides to consider the Saints' Day hymns of more general appropriateness. For S. Barnabas (June 1 1) 'The People's Hymnal' gives a translation by A. L. P. {i.e. A London Priest, Dr. R. F. Littledale, one of its compilers) from the vespers hymn in the Paris Breviary, 1 'Thou, Barnabas, hast won repose.' It might be possible to select verses suitable for a hymn from Dr. Wordsworth's poem, ' Buried in heathen darkness lay.' For S. John Baptist's two festivals, (June 24, Nat. — August 29, Decoll.) the Paris Breviary has a long poem by Charles Coffin, divided into six hymns. The third of these 3 has been well translated by I. Williams, (in the metre of Tate and Brady's 148th Psalm,) ' Lo, from the desert homes.' The original, though some- times very homely in its language, 3 has considerable beauty. S. Bede's hymn for this day 4 is known to us in Dr. Neale's translation, 'The great forerunner of the morn.' The Roman Breviary has a long hymn in the same metre as that in the Paris, much older, but not nearly equal to it. The author is Paul the Deacon, a monk of the eighth century. From the first verse of this hymn were taken- the French names of first six notes of the scale : — ' Wit queant laxis rcsonare fibris fHtra gestorum famuli Tuorum, £?0lve polluti labii reatum, Sancte Joannes.' 1 ' Coelo datur quiescere.' I. Williams's version, 'Crowned with immortal jubilee,' is given in the ' Child's Christian Year.' 2 Nunc suis tandem novus e latebris. 3 e.g., St. John is called a 'precious infant,' in the noctums hymn, 4 Prae cursor altus Luminis. 4-0 English Hymnology. 6 The People's Hymnal ' attempts to present this hymn in its original metre, with very indifferent success. 1 The translation begins, i Greatest of prophets, messenger appointed/ and keeps clear of the invocations of S. John which mar the original. Caswall's rendering of part of this hymn appears in ' Hymns and Introits/ beginning, ' O blessed Saint of snow-white purity/ 3 The Paris Breviary hymn for the Octave of the Epiphany, 3 ' Judaea's desert heard a sound/ in I. Williams's translation, is appropriate for this Festival. Wordsworth's hymn, ' In the wilderness prepare ye for the Lord a Way to go/ is grand, but too long. c When Christ the Lord would come on earth/ is Dean Alford's beautiful hymn for S. John Baptist's Day. Drummond's hymn, 6 The last and greatest herald of Heaven's King/ is apparently imitated from the Breviaries. The festival of S. Peter (June 29) brings us several hymns, of which the best is perhaps Heber's ' Creator of the rolling flood.' Of Dr. Wordsworth's two hymns for this Saint, the second, which com- memorates S. Peter in prison, (August i,) 4 is the more poetical; the first, ' " Cephas and Peter/' — heaven-taught name/ records the share of S. Peter in the Gospel history. One of the most beautiful poems in Lyra Anglicana, ' The Apostle slept, — a light shone in the prison/ by J. D. Burns, takes its subject from the deliverance of S. Peter. An appropriate hymn for the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin (July 2) is Heber's ' Virgin-born, we bow before Thee.' The Saram Breviary vespers hymn for this festival is given in ' The People's Hymnal/ ' Saints ! the glorious Mother greeting/ 5 from Chambers's translation • it is a miserably frigid production, utterly breaking down in both poetry, and doctrine in the Doxology. Truly the day which produced the Magnificat needs not such hymns as this. For S. Mary Magdalene's Day our best hymn is that given in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ partly from Caswall's translation, ' Son of the Highest, 1 Copeland has given a rendering of it in blank verse. 2 From ' O nimis felix, meritique celsi.' 3 Clamantis ecce vox sonans. 4 Lammas is said to be a corruption of * S. Peter ad VinaiLA Mass.' The hymn begins, ' How blessed is the force of prayer.' 5 Festum Matris gloriosae. English Hymnology. 41 deign to cast.' 1 It is perhaps scarcely fair to use hymns which assume the identity of this saint with the ' woman which was a sin- ner,' and with the sister of Lazarus, as is done in the York Breviary hymn for vespers of her festival. A hymn ' for S. James's Day/ (July 25,) by Heber, ' Though sorrows rise, and dangers roll,' seems to contain nothing specially appropriate to the day. Wordsworth's lines, ' To-day, O Lord, the holy James,' might supply material for a hymn. For the Transfiguration, (August 6,) the translation from the Sarum Breviary, 2 'O wondrous type, O vision fair/ may be used. It is based on Dr. Neale's, 'A type of those bright rays on high.' Montgomery's 'When on Sinai's top I see/ has some fitness for this festival; but the best original English hymn for it is Dr. Words- worth's, 'At Thy Transfiguration, Lord/ Dr. Neale has translated a Greek hymn of S. Cosmas for this day,' 3 — i The choirs of ransomed Israel.' From this is taken, 'In days of old, in Sinai.' There are several Danish Hymns suitable for this festival, but I know of scarcely any good English translations of them. Nearly all the hymns for S. Bartholomew's Day identify him with Nathanael. This is done in ' The Christian Year/ and by R. C. Coxe in ' Behold an Israelite indeed/ positively ; by Bishop Words- worth in his ' The tribes of Israel revered/ more doubtfully. For S. Matthew's Day (September 21) Mr. W. C. Dix has written a hymn, ' Sitting at receipt of customs/ which, though scarcely hymn- like in some of its language, is powerful, as an appeal written by a business-man in the name of business-men might be expected to be, realizing the spirit of Keble's lines : — ' There are in this loud stunning tide Of human care and crime, 1 From 'Summi Parentis Unice/ Roman Breviary. There seems a strange inconsistency in the admission of a special hymn for this day by the compilers of 1 Hymns Ancient and Modern, ' who have not even allowed themselves a special hymn for S. Peter. 2 ' Coelestis formam glorias. ' In Hymnal Noted Dr. Neale has by mistake given the first line, ' O nata Lux de lumine,' of the hymn for lauds. 8 Xopbs 'Icrpa-qX. 4^ English Hymnology. With whom the melodies abide Of the everlasting chime ; Who carry music in their heart Through dusky lane and wrangling mart, Plying their daily task with busier feet, Because their secret souls a holy strain repeat.' Some stanzas of Wordsworth's 'Four Rivers from one holy Fount arise/ may be used. For the festival of S. Michael and all Angels, (September 24,) we have Dr. Neale's cento from S. Joseph of the Studium's canon of the 'Bodiless Ones/ beginning 'Stars of the morning, so gloriously bright.' The Scotch Episcopal Collection has a beautiful hymn, by Robert Campbell, editor of S. Andrew's Hymnal, 'They come ? God's messengers of Love,' improved in 'Hymns Ancient and Modern.' Copeland's translation from the Roman Breviary lauds hymn, 1 ' Christ of the holy angels light and gladness,' is too trip- ping in its pseudo-Sapphic metre to make a really good hymn. Rist's hymn for this festival 2 has been well translated by Miss Winkworth's ' Praise and thanks to Thee be sung.' We owe to the Rev. R. M. Benson the hymn, ' Praise to God who reigns above/ wherein the ninefold orders of the angels are enumerated. Dr. Wordsworth's poem for this day, ' How dreadful is this place ! God's House/ needs but little change to make it a sublime hymn. Toplady's ' Inspirer and Hearer of prayer/ though its metre 3 is unfortunate, has much beauty. ' Behold the glories of the Lamb ' in the Sarum Hymnal is Keble's variation from Watts's ' Come let us join our cheerful songs,' ' O God the Son Eternal, Thy dread might,' is altered from ' Oh Captain of God's Host, Whose dreadful might/ Heber's hymn for this day. ' O ye immortal throng ; is by Philip Doddridge, (1755). 'Around the throne in circling band ' is by Dr. Neale, written in 1850. ' Bright the vision that delighted/ is by Bishop Mant. S, Luke's Day (October 18) brings us not many hymns. In the 1 Christe, sanctorum Decus angelorum. 2 (£f)r unfc 2!anf fei 3)tv gefungcn. 3 It is perhaps needless to caution any one against attempting to give it a long metre tune. English Hymnology. 43 Rev. R. R. Chope's hymnal, the lines, ' Behold, and see Christ's chosen saint/ are adapted from the Christian Year. Dr. Wordsworth has given two scarcely poetical summaries of the two books written by S. Luke. A much more successful hymn is ' O Saviour of our earthly race,' by the late Rev. Joseph Francis Thrupp. The early death of its author has been a real loss to Hymnology, as well as to several other departments of religious literature. The Rev. Gerard Moultrie has contributed to ' The People's Hymnal ' verses of some beauty, beginning, ' O Jesu, O Redeemer/ It is worth while to notice, in passing, a very excellent hymn for S. Crispin's Day, (October 25,) by W. C. Dix, beginning, 'O Christ, Thou Sox of Alary.' The second verse is especially good : — 4 Our feet be shod, as pilgrims, With bands of Gospel peace, Till life's long march be ended, And strife and struggle cease : Till on the ground most holy, Our shoes from off our feet We put, with holy gladness, — The pilgrimage complete.' Its author advocates the use of similarly appropriate hymns on other minor festivals \ but unfortunately our knowledge of the histories which would supply the material for such hymns is exceedingly limited. Even in the case of the two Apostles, SS. Simon and Jude ? whose festival (October 28) comes next before us, our scanty in- formation causes a corresponding dearth of hymns. Neale's hymn, ' Saints of God, whom faith united/ makes scarcely any reference to their history, but has much intrinsic beauty, connecting the idea of autumn with Christian thoughts in much the same way that ' All is bright and cheerful round us ' — his hymn for SS. Philip and James — treats the idea of spring. Wordsworth's first four and last three stanzas of the hymn beginning ' When Thou, O Lord, didst send the Twelve,' treats what is known of SS. Simon and Jude more fully. All Saints' Day brings us two Greek hymns, S. John Damascene's, 1 Tus edpas rds alcwlas. 4-1- English Hymnology. 6 Those eternal bowers' in Neale's translation, and a cento from the canon for SS. Timothy and Maura, by S. Joseph of the Studium, 1 which the same translator has rendered ' Let our choir new anthems raise.' The Paris Breviary hymn for lauds of the vigil of this day 2 is well translated in I. Williams's 'O heavenly Jerusalem.' W. Palmer's translation of the prose from the Paris Missal, 3 ' Spouse of Christ, in arms contending,' is beautiful. The magnificent German hymn of Theodore Schenk 4 is known to us in two translations, Miss Wink- worth's 'Who are those before God's Throne,' and Miss F. E. Cox's still more beautiful 'Who are these like stars appearing.' Miss Wink worth has only translated ten of the original fourteen stanzas. Bishop Mant's hymn, ' For all Thy Saints, O Lord,' appears in an altered form as the last of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' Words- worth's l Hark the sound of holy voices,' is one of the finest hymns he ever w r rote. Anstice's hymn for All Saints' Day, ' What countless crowd on Sion stands/ has some similarity to Wesley's ' What are these arrayed in white/ which again resembles Dr. Watts's 'What happy men or angels these.' Mary Lundie Duncan is the author of the lines begining ' Lo, round the Throne, a glorious band.' A memoir of this writer was published by her mother, Mrs. Lundie. She died in 1840, aged only 25. Another paraphrase of the same text 5 is better known in Cameron's variation, ' How bright those glorious spirits shine,' than in its original form : — * These glorious minds, how bright they shine ! Whence all their bright array ? How came they to the happy seals Of everlasting day ?' Sir Roundell Palmer has given the re-cast version in his ' Book of Praise.' 6 1 TcDj> lepwv dOXocpopuu. 2 Ccelestis O Jerusalem. 3 Sponsa Christi quae per orbem. 4 2Ber finb tie so? ®otteS Serene. 5 Rev. vii. 13-17. 6 He has, however, taken a modern hymnal very severely to task for adopting Cameron's variation from Doddridge's ' Hark ! the glad sound ! the Saviour comes.' English Hymnology. 45 Hymns common to all festivals of saints are mostly of modern date. Heber's hymn for S. Stephen's Day may be thus used, and Bishop Mant's hymn, ' O Jesu, Source of sanctity/ ' From all Thy saints in warfare,' was written by Lord Nelson for the Sarum Hymnal. ' For all Thy saints, who from their labours rest,' is by the Rev. W. W. How. Wesley's hymn, ' Come let us join our friends above,' is improved in the re-cast version, • Let saints on earth in concert sing.' Few hymns for Apostles come to us from very early times. One of the first is by S. Ambrose, 1 of which Caswall's rendering, i The Lord's eternal Gifts,' is far more spirited than Dr. Neale's, ' The eternal Gifts of Christ the King.' Mr. Woodford's version, l The eternal Spirit's Gifts,' is also good. J. B. Santeul has contributed to the Paris Breviary a very remarkable hymn, 2 which I. Williams has well translated, ' Disposer Supreme.' It needs some explanation, and the following analysis of it may not be unaccept- able : — 1 How does the Judge of the world choose for His ministers the poor and unlearned; (1 Cor. i. 27) as treasures (2 Cor. iv. 7) or lamps (Judges vii. 16-20) have been sometimes placed in earthen pitchers. The pitchers are broken, — the lights shine forth at the word of command, and the trumpets sound 3 as they also sounded before Jericho, (Joshua, vi. 20,) overthrowing the strongholds of Satan. (2 Cor. x. 4.) May we awaken from sin at the sound of the Gospel, not delaying till the archangel's trump is blown. May we be illumined by this light, not walking in darkness, lest we be cast at last into the outer darkness, which no beams of mercy shall ever pierce.' The Paris Breviary lauds hymn, by Santolius Victorinus, 4 ' Captains of the saintly band ' in Sir H. W. Baker's translation, ' Ye captains of a heavenly host ; in I. Williams's, ought only to be used on the festivals of the Twelve, not, e.g., on S. Barnabas' Day. For Evangelists we have the Paris Breviary vespers and nocturns hymn, 5 beautifully translated by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient Sterna Christi munera, Apostolorum gloriam. 2 Supreme, quales, Arbiter. 3 Compare Christian Year for Advent Sunday. 4 Coelestis Aulae Principes. 5 Christi perennes nuntii. 46 English Hymnology. and Modern,' ' Behold the messengers of Christ/ The version of Isaac Williams, ' Christ's everlasting messengers,' has some, though very small, similarity to theirs. The idea of the fourfold river of Eden as typical of the evangelists is worked out at some length in Adam of S. Victor's sequences, two of which l are imitated by Mr. Robert Campbell, of Skerrington, in the hymn Tome, pure hearts, in sweetest measures/ Dr. Littledale's 'From hidden source arising,' would have been improved by the omission of the very prosaic stanzas assigning the four living creatures of Ezekiel's vision to the evangelists as their antitypes. Dr. Watts's ' How beauteous are their feet ' may be used on the festivals of evangelists. For Martyrs we have Neale's version ' Let our choir new anthems raise,' taken from S. Joseph of the Studium's, Ta>v Upa>v dOXo^opav. We have also several versions of S.Ambrose's two hymns. The first 2 (freely imitated in Robert Campbell's ' Ye servants of a martyred Lord ') may be seen literally translated in Copeland's ' The unfading crowns by Christ bestowed,' a version utterly unfit for church use. The other Ambrosian hymn 3 is well translated in Dr. Neale's ' O God, Thy soldiers' great Reward/ 'Blessed feasts of blessed Martyrs' is Dr. Neale's version of what he calls a 'very elegant sequence of German origin.' 4 It is to be regretted that his transla- tion has not reproduced much of the elegance of which he speaks, and the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern ' have on the whole made the hymn still more offensive. ' For man the Saviour shed,' 5 is translated by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern ; from the Paris Breviary, where we also find ' Pugnate Christi milites,' the original whence the Rev. J. H. Clark has trans- lated ' Soldiers who are Christ's below/ Sir H. W. Baker's hymn ? 'Oh, what, if we are Christ's,' may be appropriately used; or the Rev. W. Blight's ' Saviour, while we dwell securely.' For saints not 1 Jucundare, plebs fidelis. 2 ^Eterna Chrtsti munera Et Martyrum victorias. 3 Deus Tuorum militum. 4 O beata beatorum. 5 ' Ex quo, Salus mortalium, ' by J. E. Santeul. English Hymnology. 47 martyrs may be sung, ' Not by the martyr's death alone/ 1 1. Williams's translation from the Paris Breviary. His first verse is borrowed by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' c O Shepherd of the sheep ' is by Mr. V. S. C. Coles. For Virgins, Neale's translation from Ambrose, ( Jesu, the virgins' crown, do Thou/ 2 may be 'used, or Mr. Coles's hymn ( O Lamb of God, Whose love Divine.' There is a hymn for Doctors, ' Jesu, for the Beacon-light/ contributed by Sir H. W. Baker to the Appendix, which is very suitable for use on the black-letter days which commemorate SS. Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine. It is difficult to imagine why the English calendar should be supposed to give opportunity for using such a hymn as that trans- lated from Cardinal Sylvius, 3 ' How blest the matron, who endued.' If we are to commemorate S. Perpetua, we certainly expect some reference to her martyrdom ; while for S. Anne's Day we cannot use a hymn which omits all that is supposed to be known about her, and puts in what is certainly improbable, considering that it is applied to a Jewish matron. The beautiful old Church Dedication Hymn, known to us in Dr. Neale's version, t Blessed City, heavenly Salem/ 4 has a remarkable change of subject at the seventh stanza, where it turns from celebrating the heavenly Jerusalem to a prayer of dedication. Hence Daniel, followed by Dr. Neale, considers the concluding stanzas as a later addition. The authorship of the hymn is not known. ' Christ is our Corner-stone ' is a translation of the second part, ' Angulare, Fundamentum.' The Paris Breviary hymn 5 by Guiet has been translated by Isaac Williams, ' O Word of God above ; ' — only his first stanza is adopted by the compilers of e Hymns Ancient and Modern/ Neale's hymn, ' O God, w T ho lovest to abide/ somewhat resembles this. For laying the foundation of a church, Dr. Neale's ' O Lord of Hosts, Whose glory fills,' taken from his ' Hymns for Children/ may be used. Montgomery has many hymns for this occasion, the best being 'This stone to Thee in faith we lay/ 1 Non parta solo sanguine. 2 Jesu, Corona virginum. 8 Fortem virili pectore. 4 Urbs beata Hirusalem. 5 Patris aeterni Soboles coa^va. 4 8 English Hymnology. For choral festivals we have few hymns of the highest order. George Withers quaint old hymn, ' Come, O come ! in pious lays/ may be used. Baring Gould's two processional hymns, ' Now severed is Jordan/ and ' Onward, Christian soldiers/ are less beautiful than ' Much in sorrow, oft in woe,' Kirke White's fragment, completed by Miss Maitland. There has been recently composed for it a beau- tiful tune by Dr. Dykes. 6 Brightly gleams our banner/ given anony- mously in ' The People's Hymnal/ is by T. J. Potter. i Rejoice, ye pure in heart ' is by the Rev. E, H. Plumptre. VI. HYMNS OX THE SACRAMENTS, OX CONFIRMATION, ETC., FOR EMBER DAYS, ORDINATIONS, AXD MISSIONS. We may perhaps feel some surprise that no place for the singing of anthem or hymn is formally appointed in our offices of Holy Com- munion and Holy Baptism. Custom has. however, long sanctioned the use of a hymn at the beginning of the former service, and also before the sermon or homily contained in it; and though this place for the second hymn is not without objections, it seems the most convenient for those churches where the choir is not present during the celebration. A baptismal hymn may be sung either before or after the office, or it might be introduced immediately after the reception into the congregation of the person newly baptized. There was at the time when these articles first appeared, a strange and lamentable dearth of Eucharistic hymns in some of the best collections of Church hymns. There are only five in c Hymns Ancient and Modern,' 1 seven in the enlarged S. P. C. K. Collection, one in the i Hymnal for Use in the English Church/' one in c Hymns and Introits.' Gratitude is due to the editor of Lyra Eucharistica for directing attention to this deficiency, and endeavouring to supply it. And since the above was written we have had the i Appendix to Hymns Ancient and Modern/ with six Eucharistic hymns, and the new Appendix to the S. P. C. K. book, with three. Two Greek writers of the eighth century — S. Andrew of Crete and S. John Damascene — 'have produced Eucharistic hymns very similar in their beginning, but otherwise quite different. The former ~ is, ; Oh, the Mystery, passing wonder,'' in Dr. Neale's translation • the latter, 3 'Christ, we turn our eyes to Thee.' The mediaeval hymns 1 Of the books put forth as supplements to this hymnal, Mr. Barnes's contains ten Eucharistic hymns; Mr. Jellicoe's thirty-eight; Mr. Palmer's eight; Mr. Nicholson's three. 2 To fieya M-wrrypiov. 3 M£ya to M.wrrijpiov. E 50 EnglisJi Hymnology. of the Western Church, which have met with the widest acceptance, and which have been most often translated, are those of S. Thomas Aquinas. ' Now, my tongue, the mystery telling/ is translated from one of his hymns x by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' We may be astonished to find a translation of it in the • New Congregational [Nonconformist] Hymn Book.' It there begins, ' Sing, my tongue, the Saviour's Glory.' One stanza is omitted, and the expression of several lines is considerably weakened. Another of the same author's hymns, 2 ' Thee we adore, O hidden Saviour, Thee,' has been admirably adapted for English use by J. R. Woodford. There is a curious alteration in some hymn-books of the last stanza, the two concluding lines of which should run thus : — * To gaze on Thee unveiled, and see Thy Face, — The vision of Thy Glory and Thy Grace.' Neale's version, i Humbly I adore Thee, hidden Deity,' and Caswall's translation, i O Godhead hid, devoutly I adore Thee/ are more literal, but less suitable as English hymns. S. Thomas's vesper hymn on the Eucharist 3 is not very happily rendered by Mr. Chambers, ' Let this our solemn Feast.' 'The Word descending from above' is Caswall's translation from another 4 of S. Thomas's hymns. His longest and most elaborate sequence, 5 i Laud, O Sion, thy Salvation,' can hardly be adapted for use in our services. From the last two stanzas are taken Sir H. W. Baker's version, ' Lo ! the Angels' food is given,' which first appeared in the introits to ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' Here also, until they transferred it to the Appendix, the compilers gave the hymn ' The heavenly Word proceeding forth,' from S. Thomas's ' Verbum Supernum prodiens.' They have based their translation on that of Neale. Gerard Moultrie has admirably rendered the prayer of the cherubic hymn in the 1 Pange, lingua, gloriosi. 2 Adoro Te devote, latens Deitas. 3 Sacris solemniis juncta sint gaudia. 4 Verbum Supernum prodiens. 6 * Lauda, Syon, Salvatorem,' — the part used as a hymn begins 'Ecce Panis Angelorum.' English Hymnology. 5 1 Liturgy of S.James, 'Let all mortal flesh keep silence.' 1 Neale's hymn, ' Draw nigh, and take the Body of the Lord/ is translated from a Bangor antiphonary • the original 2 is at least as old as the seventh century. The Canterbury Hymnal gives a beautiful translation from an ancient anthem, 3 ' O Bread to pilgrims given,' also translated in ■ O Food that weary pilgrims love/ by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' A sixteenth-century sequence, 4 translated by A. M. Morgan, ' The sun that lights this happy day/ deserves to be better known, as do also two other hymns by the same translator, ' Christ sits at His Own Board/ 5 and i Hail ! Flesh of Christ the Regal.' 6 A selection from one of S. Bernard's long hymns 7 appears in Ray Palmer's translation, ' Jesus, Thou Joy of loving hearts/ as an Eucharistic hymn. The German hymns on the Holy Communion seem mostly adapted rather for private meditation than for church use. Miss Winkworth's translations from Kern, 8 ' Oh, how could I forget, Him;' from Tersteegen, 9 ' Jesus, Whom Thy Church doth own;' and from Rist, 10 ' O living Bread from Heaven ; ' are examples of this. On the other hand, Rambach's eucharistic hymn, 11 ' O Lord, Who on that last sad eve/ in Miss Cox's translation, is well suited for public worship, though too long to be used without curtailment. From the Italian of S. Alphonso is translated R. A. Coffin's beautiful hymn, ' When the loving Shepherd.' 13 Our most popular and very beautiful hymn, ' My God, and is Thy Table spread,' is by the Nonconformist preacher, Philip Doddridge. It is very curious to notice how its assertion of sacramental doctrine has been strong enough to offend some Church of England compilers. In Hall's Collection, verse 2 stands thus : — 1 liy/jo-dro) irao-a . 3 Jam moesta quiesce querela. 4 ®uiet £kt, 5>u Jjaj* geftttft. 5 8 English Hymnology. partly imitated from the verses composed by the dying emperor Hadrian. On behalf of those at sea, Mr. Whiting's beautiful hymn, ' Eternal Father ! strong to save/ may be sung, or Littledale's hymn in ' The People's Hymnal/ ' O God, Who metest in Thine Hand.' Those at sea may use Wordsworth's sailor's hymn, * The Ark of God in safety rode,' or stanzas selected from it; — or Keble's Morning and Evening Hymns for those at Sea may be found useful. G. Thring's 'The ocean hath no danger,' is too much confused in idea, and too much involved in expression, to be recommended. Montgomery's thanks- giving for deliverance from perils on the sea, ' They that toil upon the deep,' falls far below its author's average merit. For Ember Days our hymns are mostly modern. One of Dr. Neale's ' Hymns for Children/ that for Ascension Day, ' Now to our Saviour let us raise,' has been adapted as an ember hymn by the omission of the first stanza. In the altered form it begins ' Christ is gone up : yet ere He passed.' In the second series of these hymns four ember hymns are given. From that for Lent, ' O God, we raise our hearts to Thee/ the well-known hymn, ' The earth, O Lord, is one great field/ is taken. ' Pour out Thy Spirit from on high/ is by James Montgomery. ' O Guardian of the Church Divine/ is a compilation from several hymns, which owes its present shape to the Rev. T. Chamberlain. Littledale's ' Set upon Sion's wall ; varies in its accentuation so much, that it must be difficult to sing it throughout to the same tune. ' O Thou Who makest souls to shine/ is a beautiful hymn by Bishop Armstrong. The hymn in the Ordination Service is given in two forms in oar Prayer-Book. The c. m. version appears, with a few trifling variations, in Sternhold and Hopkins's Supplement. This hymn has already been noticed among the hymns for Whitsun-Day. The last six stanzas of Wordsworth's ' O Lord, Who in Thy Love Divine ' may be used if an additional hymn is required. For the Consecration of a Bishop, a more striking and appropriate hymn than Charles Wesley's ' Prayer for the Bishops ; would be hard to find. It begins ' Draw near, O Son of God, draw near.' For Home Missions may be recommended a small book, ' Hymns English Hymnology. 59 for Missions, etc./ edited by the Rev. H. Collins. ' I was wandering and weary/ by the Rev. F. W. Faber, and Bonar's ' I was a wandering sheep/ * treat the recovery of the straying more successfully than Littledale's ' Jesu, most loving One/ a translation from ' Jesu dulcis- sime ! e Throno Glorias. ' Several of Bonar's hymns have some fitness for use in English Missions ; — ' I lay my sins on Jesus/ and ' I heard the Voice of Jesus say/ may be given as examples. Miss Ada Cambridge's ' Light of the world ! O shine on us/ is especially beautiful. Faber' s l O come to the merciful Saviour that calls you/ is an earnest exhortation to repentance and confession, an invitation more gently urged in ' Sweet is the Spirit's strain/ a hymn given without name by Mr. Jellicoe in his Supplemental Collection. In behalf of Foreign Missions, Bishop Heber's hymn, ' From Greenland's icy mountains/ is the best known. It was written at Hodnet, in 1820. The alteration of i Ceylon' into ' Java ' in the second line of the second stanza seems to have been made by Heber himself while in India. Watts's Seventy-second Psalm, ' Jesus shall reign where'er the sun/ and Marriott's 'Thou, Whose Almighty Word/ are deservedly popular. From America we have Bishop Doane's ' Fling out the banner ! let it float,' and A. C. Cox's * Saviour, sprinkle many nations.' ' Spread, O spread, thou mighty Word/ 3 is Miss C. Winkworth's translation from Bahnmaier, poorly rendered in Miss Cox's \ Far and near, Almighty Word.' Archdeacon Churton's version of Psalm lxvii., c God of Grace, O let Thy Light/ is given in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern 'as a missionary hymn. ' Almighty God, Whose only Son/ was written by Sir H. W. Baker for the Appendix. Of James Montgomery's missionary hymns, ' O Spirit of the Living God/ ' Sow in the morn thy seed,' and ' Fall down, ye nations, and adore,' are perhaps the best, (except his Seventy-second Psalm, already noticed as an Epiphany hymn.) 6 Lord, a Saviour's Love displaying,' by Ernest Hawkins; ' Souls in heathen darkness lying,' by Mrs. Alexander; 'O God, from Thee alone/ by R. K. Greville ; and W. Shrubsole's ' Arm of the Lord ! 1 Founded partly on ' Arte mira, miro consilio.' 2 223 a(te, tralte nafy' unto fern. 60 English Hymnology. awake, awake !' must be mentioned. CotterhTs 'O'er the realms of pagan darkness/ seems to have borrowed its first lines from W. Williams's i O'er the gloomy hills of darkness/ Watts' s i How beau- teous are their feet/ Montgomery's ' Hark, the song of Jubilee/ and E. Perronet's 'All hail the power of Jesu's Name/ may be sung as missionary hymns ; or stanzas may be selected from c The Banner of the Cross/ by Dr. Wordsworth. For missions to the Jews, Lyte's paraphrase of Psalm xiv. 7, (B. V.) ' Oh, that the Lord's Salvation/ or Joyce's ' Oh, why should Israel's sons, once blessed/ maybe used. Kelly's ' On the mountain's top appearing/ and Sir Edward Denny's tO Zion, when thy Saviour came/ are also appropriate. VII. HYMNS FOR CHILDREN', HYMNS FOR TIMES OF TROUBLE AND THANKSGIVING. The plan of these articles was stated at the outset as a following of the order observed in our Book of Common Prayer. Now, our Church has thought fit to assign a prominent place in her public ser- vice to the catechizing of children, and has incorporated the Cate- chism with her Occasional Offices. I have, however, ventured to defer till now considering the hymns which correspond with the Catechism, because children's hymns seem to me too important to be dismissed with a brief notice. * Hymns,' writes the Rev. E. Monro, 1 ' are peculiarly the voice and expression of childhood. Many a truth has sunk into a child's heart [by their means] which would otherwise have lain cold and barren on its surface. Hymns become the means of conveying them to the inmost soul, and half a child's conscious Christianity often consists in its hymns. We cannot be too careful in selecting them for chil- dren, and in storing their minds with them w T hen young.' The best plan of a child's hymn-book would seem to be one which should treat in turn the subjects of the Catechism. If the doctrinal usefulness of such a book is to be systematic, and not merely occasional and accidental, it must evidently follow closely in the track of that dogmatic teaching which it is intended to impress and enforce. The best writer of a child's hymn-book would be one whose poetical genius has been early developed, and whose sympa- thies with a child's ways of speaking and thinking have been brought out strongly by circumstances and opportunities. Others may write hymns about children, but can scarcely ever succeed in writing hymns for them. I must beg leave to illustrate the causes of success by the instance of a lady whose ' Hymns for Little Children ' are with- 1 ' Parochial Work,' p. in. (Second Edition.) 62 EnglisJi Hymnology. out question the most successful poetical exposition of the Church Catechism that has been ever put forth. It will, I am sure, be most interesting to all true lovers of hymns to know how very early this authoress gave proof of her powers of versification. It was a custom of her father's to receive into a box in his study, called 'The Budget,' contributions composed by all his children, as soon as they could write. The contents were read with criticisms every Saturday evening. The handwriting was to be disguised, but no disguise could conceal from her father and mother that their daughter 'Fanny' was born a poetess. One day, whilst she was with a cousin on a visit to the Marquis of Abercorn, some one in the house found one of her poems, and, suppressing the name, sent it up to Lord Abercorn, only stating that it was written by a child of eleven. The marquis, whose literary judgment was in constant request, re- ceived the poem while the authoress was in the room, and rather hastily pushed it away to a friend on the other side of the table, asking him to look at it. The friend was much struck by it ; and Lord Abercorn reading it over with him, they agreed that it could never have been written by so young a child. ' But,' said Lord Abercorn, 'let Fanny take it to her mother when she goes home. Her mother will know pretty well whether it is likely that a child could write that poem/ Accordingly ' Fanny' was made the bearer of her own composition to her mother, and, on her reaching home, the authorship was of course at once revealed. More than twenty years ago, the Rev. J. Keble wrote, concerning Mrs. Alexander's ' Hymns for Little Children,' — 6 [I] think and hope . . . that they will win a high place for themselves in the estimation of all who know how to value true poetry and primi- tive devotion.' The sale of more than three hundred thousand copies has justified the very high opinion then given. The book consists of forty-one hymns, of which fourteen are on the Creed, nine on the Lord's Prayer, and ten on the Commandments. As in- stances of the admirable way in which doctrines are brought within the comprehension of children, see the hymn on the Incarnation, 6 Once in Royal David's city,' or the second of those on the Holy Catholic Church, ' The faithful men of every land.' For the practi- Englisli Hymnology. 63 cal application of precepts which a false delicacy too often ignores in the instruction of children, see the hymns, ' We were washed in holy water/ and ' I love the little snowdrop flower/ The arguments and illustrations are all not only such as children can be made to understand, but such as they naturally use. To country children especially, the flowers, the birds, the flocks, form the natural poetry of life • and no book will attract them so surely, or fix itself so deeply in their love, as one which presents a counterpart of out-door things, and brings them to bear upon their daily duties, and upon that life within them which is ever becoming more and more conscious. It is very much to be regretted that the engravings of Messrs. Dalziel in the large edition are in no sense explanatory of the text, and are, with few exceptions, peculiary unsuited to children. Seven of the hymns are in a metre scarcely to be found elsewhere. The following stanza may be taken as a specimen \— ' If we may turn and cling to Him, Before Whose Face the angels fall, Sure we must give Him our whole hearts, And love Him best of all.' The argument in these lines I have known quoted, and applied to his own conduct, by a child six years old. For village schools these hymns, properly explained, are invaluable, and it is a pity that there is not a still cheaper edition for their use. The t Hymns Descriptive and Devotional' are not nearly so easy, though there are many of them much more suitable in language and in metre than the first morning hymn, ' Once again the radiant morning,' or the first even- ing hymn, ' 'Twas at evening when the voice of greeting.' The ' Moral Songs' of the same authoress are excellent; the ' Narrative Hymns for Village Schools ' are very good, but suffer somewhat by comparison with the ' Hymns for Little Children/ the ideas of which are made to do duty a second time in the Narrative Hymns. Hymns 361, 362, and 363 in the i Appendix to Hymns Ancient and Modern ' are by Mrs. Alexander. Isaac Williams attempted with no very great success to present the Paris Breviary hymns in a translation suited for children's use. \ 64 English Hymnology. He entitled his book i Ancient Hymns for Children;' but we must remember that few of the Latin hymns there translated are older than the seventeenth century. The ' Child's Christian Year/ pub- lished in 1 841, with a preface by Keble, contains about thirty hymns by Isaac Williams, mostly translations, and nearly as many by Joseph Anstice. We find there Keble's earliest hymn, ' Our God in glory sits on high,' given for the First Sunday after Easter. The hymn for Christmas Day there given was written by the youngest daughter of the Dean of Winchester, who died aged fourteen. * Think on the mercy of our God, Our great Redeemer's Love ; How the dim waste of earth He trod, And left His Throne above ! And all, frail man, His foe, to save, And show him hopes beyond the grave. 1 He came not in a warrior's path, With mighty armies strong ; He came not as a God in wrath Avenging Judah's wrong : — To preach on earth His Father's Word, A little Child, came Christ the Lord. * Glad was our Saviour's natal morn, Angels rejoiced in Heaven That " unto us a Child is born, To us a Son is given ; " And Angels left their home on high To tell of Christ's Nativity.' Miss E. Wiglesworth is the author of ' Verses for the Christian Year,' — a child's book of poetry of high average merit, though wanting in originality, and sometimes in appropriateness to the festivals for which hymns are given. Those for the Sundays of Advent, es- pecially ' Thrice Blessed Word of God,' are good, as is also, ' Father, I my robes would keep/ the poem assigned to S. Bar- tholomew's Day. In very strong contrast with the latter efforts to provide suitable hymns for children appear Dr. Watts's ' Divine and Moral Songs/ English Hymnology. 65 Scarcely anything can be more injurious to a child of lively ima- gination than the constant contemplation of horrible things, the oft-recurring pictures of hell, and of sudden death as a punishment to children's sins." Probably no croquemitaine of the nursery ever did half the harm that has been wrought in children's minds by such lines as these : — ' God quickly stopped their wicked breath, And sent two raging bears, That tore them limb from limb to death, With blood, and groans, and tears.' Most of the hymns seem to be specially adapted to very naughty children, living in very bad company. The hymns for Sunday evening, ' Lord, how delightful 'tis to see,' and the ' General Song of Praise to God/ beginning ' How glorious is our Heavenly King,' are per- haps the best. Dr. Watts is sometimes completely a slave to the exigencies of rhyme in his children's hymns, and still more so in the ' Moral Songs.' Hence the picture of the ' madman' who ' will fling about fire, And tell you " Tis all but in sport," ' is dragged in, and the rose is called 6 the glory of April and May. 7 An infinite improvement upon Dr. Watts's ' Divine and Moral Songs ' were the ' Hymns for Infant Minds,' first published by Ann and Jane Taylor about sixty years ago. Ann, the surviving sister, afterward became the wife of Mr. Joseph Gilbert. To her are due the well-known lines beginning 'I thank the goodness and the grace.' There are some scattered touches in these hymns, which seem to have been derived from the grand scenery of North Devon and Cornwall, among which the . writers of them spent many years. A few of the hymns are somewhat deficient in simplicity of language, eg., that entitled ' The Hay Fields.' But the ideas are almost always simple, and tolerably natural to children's minds. The hymn of confession, ' Lord, I confess before Thy Face,' that of encourage- ment, l God is so good that He will hear,' and that on attending public worship, 'When to the House of God we go,' are especially good : indeed, the last approaches very nearly to the excellencies of Mrs. Alexander. An apologetic foot-note has been inserted in re F 66 English Hymnology. cent editions concerning the use of the word ' Sabbath' in the sense of ' Lord's Day.' The two hymns on pride were greatly admired by Archbishop Whately as one of the best practical descriptions of Christian humility and its opposite ; but there is something rather unfair in the first, ' The way to find out Pride.' After directing a minute self-examination, the hymn boldly asserts that of the forms of pride enumerated — * Some one will suit you, as you go, And force your heart to tell you so : But if they all should be denied, Then you're too proud to own your pride/ The Lyra Innocentium of Keble is rather a volume of poetry for parents than of hymns for children. Childish comprehension will, however, enter into the spirit of such lines as ( The Gleaners,' ' The Boy with the Five Loaves,' and ' The Walk to Church.' The ves- pers and compline poems for Christmas, that for Easter Eve, and the ' Redbreast in Church,' are also suitable pieces for children. Elizabeth Strafford's i Hymns for the Collects ' are on the whole good and poetical, especially that for the Sunday after Ascension- Day, 6 Beyond the star-lit sky.' Dr. Neale's ' Hymns for Children,' in three series, have supplied some hymns for general church use. Most of them are very beautiful : we may especially notice the Sun- day evening hymn, ' The Apostles were assembled,' that for Thurs- day evening, ' Thou art gone up, O Lord, on high,' the five hymns for various hours of the day, and that for the Holy Innocents, ' Let children, Lord, Thy Presence seek.' These are all in the first series ; the second is for older children ; and the third series supple- ments the other two. We have not among these hymns the very curious lines by Dr. Neale, transcribed into • The People's Hymnal,' which begin ' Christian children hear me,' l and of which the rhymes are in some instances even more unsuitable than in ' How elect your Architecture ! ' These originally appeared in ' The Churchman's Companion ' where they are even more painfully ludicrous than in the version found in ' The People's Hymnal. ' English Hymnology. 67 and have not, as that couplet has, the excuse of being cramped by a Latin metre. Dr. Littledale's Eucharistic hymn for children, ' I worship Thee Lord Jesu,' exacts an adoration of the outward Elements of the Lord's Supper, scarcely suitable for a child. ' Come unto Me, ye weary,' by W. C. Dix, is beautiful ; as are also Montgomery's ' Glory to the Father give/ and Prynne's ' Jesu, meek and gentle/ The following lines were contributed to 'The People's Hymnal' by a little boy only ten years old : — ' O God, bow down Thine Ear to earth, And hear Thy children's cry, And fill our weak and throbbing hearts With blessings from on high. ' Forsake us not, O loving Lord, But hear us while we pray ; And, Jesu, when at last we die, Wipe all our tears away. ' O Jesu, there is naught to fear, If Thou Thy blessing give ; Keep us from every danger free, And guard us, while we live. ' Give us a heart to love Thee, Lord, And Thine Almighty Son, And may we love the Holy Ghost, While this short life we run. Amen.' ' Now the day is over ' is a successful hymn for a child by the Rev. S. Baring Gould. F. T. Palgrave's ' Little Child's Hymn for Night and Morning/ beginning 'Thou that once, on mother's knee,' is rendered almost absurd by its endeavours to be simple and child- like. W. W. How's ' Lord, Thy children guide and keep/ ends every stanza with a couplet from which two lines of Mr. Dix's Epiphany hymn seem to be taken : — ' Holy Jesu, day by day Lead us in the narrow way.' 'Come sing with holy gladness/' is by J. J. Daniell, 'Seeing I 68 English Hymnology. am Jesu's lamb/ 1 is Miss Winkworth's translation from Luise H. von Haym. ' There's a Friend for little children,' given anony- mously in ' The People's Hymnal/ is by Albert Midlane. ' There is a happy land/ is by Andrew Young ; ' When, His salvation bringing/ by Joshua King ; ' Star of morn and even,' by F. T. Palgrave. The Rev. E. H. Plumptre wrote the beautiful hymn, ' O Light, Whose beams illumine all.' Sir H. W. Baker's hymn, ' Lord Jesus, God and Man/ begins somewhat like Faber's ' O Jesu, God and Man/ but the similarity extends little further than the first two lines. ' O Holy Lord, content to dwell,] is given almost unaltered' 2 ' from How in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' i Here we suffer grief and pain/ 3 is by Thomas Bilby; 'Blessed Father! great Creator!' by John Cawood ; c Children of the Heavenly King/ is by John Cennick. Mrs. Hemans's ' Child, amidst the flowers at play/ is scarcely a hymn. Benjamin Gough's address to an afflicted child, ' Gentlest lamb of Jesu's fold/ is exceedingly good. Gottfried Hoffman's lines to a dying child, ' Depart, my child ! the Lord thy spirit calls/ 4 will be found in Miss Borthwick's ' Hymns from the Land of Luther.' ' I think, when I read that sweet story of old/ was written by Mrs. Samuel Luke, then Miss Jemima Thompson, in 1841. Several of Anne Shepherd's ' Hymns Adapted to the Comprehension of Young Minds' are good, in spite of a certain flippancy in style, and some- times in metre : — ' God has a family on earth,' is perhaps the best. Charles Wesley's ' Gentle Jesus, meek and mild,' is deservedly well known. ' Gracious Saviour, gentle Shepherd,' is also Charles Wesley's, varied slightly by Keble. ' Thy Cross, O Lord, the holy sign/ is from the Rev. Hugh Stowell, almost unaltered. Dr. Words- worth has an excellent children's hymn, ' Heavenly Father, send Thy blessing.' The Rev. John Moultrie (father of the Rev. Gerard Moultrie, author of ' Hymns and Lyrics/) has written several good hymns for children: 'O Lord, a wondrous story,' is his. ' Jesus, 1 2Bei( tcf) Sefu <&d)afitin Bin. 2 The version in ' The Book of Praise, ' ' content to live, ' is an alteration frors Mr. How, made without his consent. Perhaps imitated from 2Bivb bag nicfyt ftreube fetytt? ' by H. C. >on Schweinitz. 4 3eifc^4;in, tnein jvinb. Englisli Hymnology. 69 tender Shepherd, hear me,' is by M. L. Duncan. * The Children's Home Hymn Book,' edited by Erskine Clarke, contains some beauti- ful hymns. The ' Hymns for Infant Children,' published by Masters, are not always perfectly poetical, but are good in their way. Some- times they borrow from Mrs. Alexander, sometimes from Ken; e.g. — ' Christian child, awake ! arise ! Though thy heavy limbs are loth ; Pay thy morning sacrifice By a conquest over sloth ! ' Sometimes they are indeed original ; e.g. — 1 Waste not precious time in dressing ; Be alert, alive, awake.' For times of trouble, Miss Winkworth's rendering from Paul Eber 1 may be used, 'When in the hour of utmost need,' or Cowper's 'God of my life, to Thee I call.' Sir Robert Grant's 'When gathering clouds around I view,' is better suited for private use, as is also the case with most of Miss C. M. Noel's hymns. In times of war, Sir H. W. Baker's ' O God of Love, O King of Peace/ may be sung, or ' Give us Thy blessed peace, God of all Might, 2 a transla- tion from C. B. Garve in 'Hymns from the Land of Luther.' 'Dread Jehovah, God of Nations,' is by T. Cotterill; 'Great King of nations, hear our prayer,' is by J. H. Gurney. Richard Massie's translation from Spitta, 3 'Our life is often dark,' may be used in a time of dearth \ for which Dr. Littledale's ' O God of Mercy, God of Love,' is appropriate if it results from lack of rain. In a bad harvest, Onderdonk's lines, 'Although the vine its fruit deny,' or Sir H. W. Baker's translation from Benjamin Schmolk, ' What our Father does is well,' 4 may fitly be used. For time of pestilence, Dr. Bullock's ' In grief and fear to Thee, O Lord,' is very suitable, or Mrs. Steele's 'Almighty Lord, before Thy Throne.' For cattle plague, Neale's hymn, 'All Creation groans and travails,' may be used. ^SBenn totr in §oc$ffcen S^et^en fetn.' The German is from the Latin of Joachim Camerarius. 2 ®t6 £}emen ftrieben une, £) £err fcer <©t&r£e ! 3 £>a$ Zibtn toivb oft trufce. 4 2£aS ©ott i§ut, ba3 tfi wo$lget§an. yo English Hymnology. For harvest thanksgiving we have Dean Alford's hymn, ' Come, ye thankful people, come/ given, with alterations greatly reprobated by its author, in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ The object of the changes there made in the second stanza has evidently been to reduce the writer's somewhat confused ideas derived from different parables to unity and consistency. The purpose of the changes in the last two stanzas is less evident. Anstice's ' Lord of the Harvest ! once again/ and Sir H. W. Baker's ' Praise, O praise our God and King/ 1 may also be used. While the harvest is being gathered in, Neale's hymn, 'God the Father, Whose creation/ or Alice [not Anne] Flowerdew's ' Fountain of Mercy, God of Love/ or Dix's ' To Thee, O Lord, our hearts we raise/ may be sung in church. ' Praise to God, immortal praise/ is by Mrs. Barbauld ; ' Lord of the harvest, Thee we hail/ by J. H. Gurney; 'O Father, Whose Almighty Hand/ by Rev. J. W. Hewett. Miss Cox ; s hymn, 'We come, our hearts with gladness glowing/ is from the German 2 of Liebich. ' We plough the fields and scatter/ was taken from a translation from the German, 3 supplied by the Rev. C. S. Bere. For general thanksgiving, perhaps our best hymn is ' Now thank we all our God/ 4 Miss Winkworth's rendering from Martin Rinckart. ' God the Lord has heard our prayer/ by H. H. Wyatt, is also good. For restored public health, we have ' O Father of mercies, O Spirit of Love,' by M. F. Tupper ; for the restoration of peace, Mont- gomery's ' Come and behold the works of God/ and Miss Winkworth's translation from Paul Gerhard t, 'Thank God it hath resounded.' 5 1 * Praise, O praise our Heavenly King,' is evidently only an altered version of Sir H. W. Baker's hymn ; it is attributed to Trend in ' The People's Hymnal.' 2 , 2Btr fommen, £>eine £itfb ju feierrt.' It is omitted in her second edition. 3 The original is by Matthias Claudius (1783) and begins ,3m 2lnfang toar'S auf (Jrfcen ' : — the part given is imitated from the third and following stanzas, , 2Biv Vpgen unt mx jireuen.' See Monthly Packet, New Series, Vol. XL, p. 214. 4 ,3 f Zun banfet afle ®ott/ from Ecclus. 1. 22, 23. 5 ©ott lefr, ltunift er fatten. VIII. GENERAL HYMNS, METRICAL PSALMS, ETC. We now come to the consideration of hymns very difficult to classify, except by such arbitrary divisions as would rather hinder than help our readers. We may, however, take first of all the various versifica- tions of Psalms, not hitherto noticed, which claim a position in our hymn-books. Seeing that versified psalmody had received some sort of sanction, many early compilers seem to have felt constrained to burden their hymn-books with at least a hundred and fifty so-called Psalms, mostly based on the Old and New Versions, though sometimes much more suitable and poetical. We could not here give a general history of ail the various English rhymed versions of the Psalms without departing from our original plan ; we will therefore confine our notice almost exclusively to the most successful attempts. The sixth Psalm appears to much greater advantage in 6 Gently, gently lay Thy rod,' by H. F. Lyte, that in the same author's l. m. version, i Correct us. Lord, we know it good.' Both Churton's versions of Psalm viii., ' O Lord, our Lord, in all the world,' and ' Lord of earth's wide realms, alone,' are very good. In the Old Version of the eighteenth Psalm, by Thomas Sternhold, we have an exception to the ordinary prosaicism of this translator. It begins, ' O God, my Strength and Fortitude ; ' but the verses best known are the ninth and tenth, beginning, ' The Lord descended from above/ The nineteenth Psalm, in Addison's well- known paraphrase, 'The spacious firmament on high/ is better adapted for reading as a poem than for singing as a hymn. Conder's ' The heavens declare His glory/ is an excellent rendering of this psalm. The twenty-second Psalm, like all those which describe the Sufferings of the Saviour, has been wofully maltreated by most of its translators. Addison's twenty-third Psalm, ' The Lord my pasture shall prepare/ is unaccountably omitted in some of the most popular 72 English Hymnology. hymn-books recently published. Wesley's version of the twenty- fourth Psalm, ' Our Lord is risen from the dead/ though somewhat stilted in style, has gained some notice as a hymn for Ascension Day. Montgomery's version of Psalm xxvii., ' God is my strong Salvation/ deserves to be better known. Psalm xxxi. has given the key-note to two very beautiful hymns, Lyte's ' My spirit on Thy care/ and Harriet Auber's i The Lord Who hath redeemed our souls/ Tate and Brady's thirty-fourth Psalm, i Through all the changing scenes of life/ has obtained admission into many hymnals, on what ground it is rather hard to say. Lyte's thirty-fifth Psalm, i O plead my cause, my Saviour, plead,' and his thirty-seventh, ' O God of love, how blest are they,' are both good. ' Jehovah, let me know mine end,' the Rev. J. F. Thrupp's version of Psalm xxxix., has some beauty. Spohr's glorious anthem has helped to preserve in our hymnals, ' As pants the hart for cooling streams,' Tate and Brady's rendering of Psalm xlii. This psalm is also well translated in Bishop Lowth's 'As pants the wearied hart for cooling springs/ and in John Bowdler's 'As panting in the sultry beam.' Dr. W T atts's 'My Saviour and my King,' though beautiful as a version of Psalm xlv., is far surpassed by Keble's ' Fair art Thou, bright and fair,' and Miss Auber's 'With hearts in love abounding.' ' There is a River, pure and bright/ by Montgomery, is founded on Psalm xlvi. Psalm xlviii. is well rendered in Watts's ' Great is the Lord our God.' Lyte's version of Psalm liv., ' Save me by Thy glorious Name/ is somewhat marred by the strangeness of its metre, as is also ' O had I, my Saviour, the wings of a dove/ 1 his translation of Psalm lv. Watts has well adapted Psalm lvii. for use as a hymn in ' My God, in Whom are all the springs.' 'Hail, gracious Source of every good,' by Miss Auber, is founded on Psalm lxi. It is really strange that the beautiful harvest hymn contained in Psalm lxv. has never been worthily rendered into Fnglish verse. Doddridge's ' Eternal Source of every joy,' is weaker than the New Version, and Montgomery's, ' The God of Harvest praise/ can scarcely be called even a para- 1 This does indeed nearly resemble the ' Old 104th ' metre ; but an additional syllable in the first two lines of each stanza imparts an Anacreontic levity to the whole, which is most unsuitable in a hymn. English Hymnology. 73 phrase from the Psalm. Tate and Brady have given a rendering of Psalm lxvii., ' To bless Thy chosen race,' far excelling their average ; whereas Lyte's ' God of Mercy, God of Grace/ is scarcely worthy of its author. In Dr. Watts's ' Jesus shall reign where'er the sun,' from Psalm lxxii., (already noticed as a missionary hymn,) an unac- countable alteration 1 has been made in the second line of the third stanza in many copies of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ where ' loose ' is given instead of ' lose,' which Watts wrote, and which makes a much clearer sense. In Morell and How's collection, 1 burst ' is substituted, not very felicitously. Miss Auber's ' Whom have we, Lord, in Heaven but Thee,' is founded on Psalm lxxiii. ; Montgomery's ' In time of tribulation/ on Psalm lxxvii. ' Thou gracious God, and kind/ is William Goode's paraphrase of Psalm lxxix. The Scotch Presbyterian version of Psalm lxxxiv., 'How lovely is Thy dwelling-place,' rises in one or two stanzas above the usual doggrel of its translators. Of this Psalm, Montgomery, in 'How amiable, how fair,' and Watts, in ' Lord of the worlds above/ have given renderings in the same metre as Psalm cxlviii. New Version. Conder's ' How honoured, how dear/ and Tate and Brady's ' O God of Hosts, the mighty Lord/ are not unworthy translations of this Psalm. Milton's ' How lovely are Thy dwellings fair,' can scarcely be used as a hymn. ' Glorious things of thee are spoken,' John Newton's paraphrase of Psalm lxxxvh., begins well, but breaks down utterly in the rhymes of the third and fifth stanzas. Psalm xc. is perhaps better rendered in Watts's 'Our God, our help in ages past/ than in any other metrical version. The alteration to 1 O God ' in the first line seems to have been originally made by the Wesleys, when transcribing the hymn for their collection. The New Version of Psalm xcv., ' O come, loud anthems let us sing,' has some stanzas suitable for Church use. Keble's version of Psalm xcvi., ' Sing the song unheard before/ deserves to be better known. Watts's version of Psalm xcviii., 'Joy to the world; the Lord is come/ is suitable as an Advent hymn. The authorship of the Old 1 It is but fair to the compilers, however, to say, that according to their last account, ' loose ' is only an accidental error. 74 English Hymnology. Version of Psalm c. is disputed. No initials are given to 'All, people that on earth do well,' in the earliest copies, but in later ones the Psalm is ascribed to J. H. (i e. John Hopkins.) In the Scottish Psalter of 1564 the initials W. K. are given, whence some have con- cluded that the psalm is by William Kethe, Rector of Okeford, Dorset. In the library of St. Paul's Cathedral is a psalter bearing date 1 561, in which the initials of Thomas Sternhold are attached to it, but this is almost certainly a mistake. The New Version, ' With one consent let all the earth/ is too familiar in our ears to be fairly criticized. It lacks the majestic simplicity of the Old Version, but has more smoothness of diction. The last verse seems partly copied from the older rendering. Watts's ' Plain Translation,' beginning, 'Ye nations round the earth rejoice,' is less known than his para • phrase, which, as altered by Wesley, begins, ' Before Jehovah's awful Throne/ 1 Lyte's paraphrase of Psalm ciii., beginning, 'Praise, my soul, the King of Heaven/ is given, with some improvements, and the omission of an inferior stanza, in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern.' The Old Version of the 104th Psalm has been greatly admired by some hymn-writers, but it is difficult to say exactly wherein its ex- cellencies consist. It is the composition of William Kethe, and begins, ' My soul, praise the Lord.' Sir R. Grant's ' O worship the King,' is founded upon it. In Sweden, Wallin's paraphrase of this Psalm, beginning , ©jung, mitt fjcil ! ben ©rigeS lof/ is perhaps as great a favourite as the ' Old iooth ; is with us. Howitt's translation of it, ' Sing, my soul, the Eternal's praise/ may be seen in Newland's ' Forest-life in Norway and Sweden.' As a specimen of the extent to which unacknowledged alteration has been sometimes carried, the following may be interesting : it is given in R. Carus Wilson's Psalms and Hymns/ as the Old Version of this Psalm : — 1 The original begins with an inferior stanza : — 1 Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice ; Let every land His Name adore ; The British isles shall send the noise Across the ocean to the shore.' English Hymnology. 75 * My soul, praise the Lord, His greatness proclaim : Jehovah, our God ! how glorious Thy Name ! Surpassing in honour, dominion, and might ; Thy throne is the heaven, Thy robe is the light.' * The glorious sky a curtain is made ; Thy chamber of state on ocean is laid ; The clouds are a chariot Thy glory to bear ; Thou guidest the whirlwind, Thou walkest on air. * As rapid as fire, the spirits on high, To speed Thy commands, all zealously fly ; The earth on immovable basis sustained, Is fashioned and fixed as Thy wisdom ordained. ' O measureless Might ! Unspeakable Love ! While angels delight to praise Thee above, Thy humbler creation, though feeble their lays, With true adoration shall sing to Thy praise.' The version in the Cleveland Psalter, by Archdeacon Churton, beginning, ' My soul, praise the Lord, speak good of His Name/ retains the metre of the Old Version, and is beautiful and poetical, t but will hardly meet with favour as a church hymn. In Keble's version of Psalm cvi., ' Praise ye the Lord, for good is He,' the first three stanzas are good, but in an unusual metre. James Merrick's version of Psalm cvii., 'To God above from all below/ is a fairly satisfactory paraphrase; it keeps much closer to the original than Addison's i How are Thy servants blest, O Lord ! ' but has less poetic force. Lyte's version of Psalm cviii., ' My God, my King/ is much spoiled by its metre. Bishop Mant has fairly rendered Psalm cxiii. in * Alleluia ! praise the Lord.' Milton turned Psalm cxiv. into English verse at the early age of fifteen ; but his translation, beginning ' When the blest seed of Terah's faithful son/ is not suitable for singing. Cennick's ( Not unto us, but Thee alone,' from Psalm cxv., would be very good, were it not marred by its imperfect rhymes. Watts's version of Psalm cxviii., 'This is the day the Lord hath made,' forms a suitable Sunday hymn. Scarcely any of the metrical renderings of Psalm cxix. are fit for church use. Keble's rendering of verses 153-160 is in a curious variety of short metre. The follow- ing may serve as a specimen : — 7 6 English Hymnology. ' Mine anguish and my woe Behold, and let me go ; My heart is ever on Thy laws, Deliverer, plead my cause." The following version of Psalm cxxi. seems to be due to Edward Osier:— ' From Sion's hill my help descends ; To God I lift mine eyes ; My strength on Him alone depends, Who formed the earth and skies. * He ever watchful, ever nigh, Forbids my foot to slide ; Nor sleep nor slumber seals the Eye Of Israel's Guard and Guide. * He on my side, arrayed in might, His shield shall o'er me spread ; Nor sun by day, nor moon by night, Shall hurt my favoured head. * Safe shall I go, and safe return, While He my life defends, Whose Eyes my every step discern, Whose Mercy never ends.' Tate and Brady's translation, ' To Sion's hill I lift my eyes/ is good. John Bowdler's version of Psalm cxxiii., ' Lord, before Thy Throne we bend,' deserves to be mentioned. J. Montgomery's ' Out of the depths of woe,' from Psalm cxxx., is less known than 'Lord, for ever at Thy side,' his rendering of Psalm cxxxi. His rendering of Psalm cxxxiii. is rather poetical than hymn-like. It runs thus : — ' How beautiful the sight Of brethren who agree In friendship to unite, And bonds of charity ! J Tis like the precious ointment, shed O'er all his robes, from Aaron's head. ' 'Tis like the dews that fill The cups of Hermon's flowers, Or Zion's fruitful hill, Bright with the drops of showers, When mingling odours breathe around, And glory rests on all the ground. English Hymnology. yy * For there the Lord commands Blessings, a boundless store, From His unsparing Hands, Yea, Life for evermore : Thrice happy they who meet above, To spend eternity in Love.' Some stanzas of Keble's translation of Psalm cxxxvi., ' Praise the Lord, for He is Love/ will be found in the S. P. C. K. Hymnal. Churton's version, though partly imitated from former translators, has great animation and freshness. It begins, ' praise the Lord, for He is Love.' Milton's translation, ' Let us with a gladsome mind,' though written when he was quite a boy, is one of his best, and with very few alter- ations supplies the material for an excellent hymn of Thanksgiving. Thomas Churchyard's solitary contribution to the Old Version is a translation of this Psalm, beginning, ' O praise the Lord benign.' The New Version of Psalm cxxxvii., ' When we, our wearied limbs to rest,' ekes out its second stanza somewhat less absurdly than ' When we did sit in Babylon,' Whittingham's rendering in the Old Version. 1 We hanged our harps and instruments The willow-trees upon : For in that place men for their use Had planted many one? Old Version. ' Our harps, that when with joy we sung, Were wont their tuneful parts to bear, With silent strings neglected hung On willow-trees that withered there? New Version. Churton's version, 'In thraldom's lonely woe,' is much better than most of the older renderings. Lyte's ' Far from my heavenly home,' is given as a paraphrase of this psalm ; but the second stanza, which most nearly resembles the original, is omitted in 6 Hymns Ancient and Modern.' Goode's version, 'Far from Zion, far from home/ is excellent in idea, but weak and unpoetical in expression. Mant's ''Behold me unprotected stand,' from Psalm cxlii., has some beauty, To Mant is usually attributed a paraphrase of Psalm cxlviii., begin- 7 8 English Hymnology. ing * Praise the Lord ! ye heavens adore Him ;' but this is a mistake. Mrs. Mant inserted it in her ' Parents' Anthology,' (1813) but she took it from ' Psalms, &c, for the Foundling Chapel ' (1809), where it appears without name. The best of Simon Browne's attempts to versify the Psalms is perhaps his rendering of this, which begins : — 1 Oh for a hymn of universal praise ! Its Maker's fame may every creature raise : Ye lofty heavens, begin the solemn sound, And let it spread the wide creation round.' Many of the versifiers of Psalm cxlix. have followed the metre of Tate and Brady's ' O praise ye the Lord, prepare your glad voice.' We may notice as examples, Thomas Park's ' My soul, praise the Lord, speak good of His Name,' Goode's ' Prepare a new song, Jehovah to praise,' and Lyte's ' O praise ye the Lord with heart and with voice.' The last two are certainly not improved by the rhymes in the middle of the lines. In Keble's version, ■ O sing to the Lord, sing out a new strain,' the rhymes ending the lines are alternate. Churton's version of Psalm cl., 6 Praise God, Who in the Holiest dwells,' is chiefly taken from Miles Smyth, whose version of the Book of Psalms appeared in 1668. Before we proceed to the consideration of paraphrases from other parts of the Bible, we may state a few of the objections which exist against making these versifications, together with metrical Psalms, serve a.s the staple of Church hymnody. In the first place, we have sufficient provision made for the singing of the Psalms in the mi- ni etrical version, in which the compilers of our Prayer-Book appear to have carefully suited the rhythm to the music of our own English chants. We have thousands of unmetrical anthems, setting every pas- sage of Holy Scripture that is suitable for singing, and a great many that are not, to music. And some of these are within the singing powers of even a village choir. As to the average poverty of metri- cal paraphrases, we cannot do better than quote the criticism of a Scotch reviewer i 1 — 1 ' Hymnals and Hymn Books,' in the Gospel Messenger, April 20, 1858. English Hymnology . 79 * These rhymed bits of Scripture always remind us of the rhymed multiplication- table. While one hymn of the old authors will contain the spirit of fifty different passages, showing a knowledge of Scripture now attained by few, it was left for the days of ignorance of the eighteenth century to suppose that a hymn was pro- duced by stretching four or five verses of Scripture on the rack of rhyme.' Yet there are some paraphrases which must be admitted to be excel- lent hymns; being for the most part such as have been half unconsciously moulded on the ideas of Scripture, rather than deliberately done into verse from its very words. Doddridge's ' O God of Jacob, by Whose Hand/ 1 may be taken as an example : most of Logan's improvements in it change it from the actual language of the passage on which it is founded. Of course every good hymn must take its key-note from some passage in the Word of God ; and when this is a moderately short text, it is certainly an advantage to have it given out before the hymn is sung. But it could hardly be said that all hymns are para- phrases of their texts, though it is often difficult to draw the line of distinction. Of Michael Brace's paraphrases, the best known are, 'O happy is the man who hears/ 2 from the Old Testament, and ' Where high the heavenly Temple stands/ 3 from the New. Logan's dishonest appropriation of Brace's hymns is one of the most dis- graceful blots in the annals of literature. The story is told at full length in Mr. Grosart's edition of Michael Brace's works. Bruce and Logan were college friends at Edinburgh. The former left the University of Edinburgh for a life of ill-paid and severe toil, ended by a lingering consumption, in his twenty-second year. The latter became a popular Presbyterian preacher at Leith. On hearing of Brace's death, Logan obtained from his parents the MS. of his poems, on pretence of publishing it for their benefit. After a long delay he had seven of the poems printed as Brace's, professing to have added others to make up a miscellany. The non-appearance of the ' Gospel Sonnets' in this volume brought the deceased poet's father to Edinburgh to remonstrate with Logan, who replied that he had lost the book. But he afterwards published, in 1781, 6 Poems by the Rev. Mr. Logan,' wherein he appropriated as his own several of the poems in Brace's 1 Gen. xxviii. 20-22. 2 From Prov. iii. 13-17. 3 From Heb. iv. 14-16. 80 English Hymnology. MS. It is satisfactory to know that his treachery to his deceased friend met with its deserved reward. He died poor and neglected in London. His coadjutors in the preparation of the Scotch Para- phrases were Dr. Hugh Blair, Dr. Morrison, and William Cameron. Of their united production, (in which free use has been made of Watts's and Doddridge's writings,) it is impossible to speak highly. Some of Watts's best paraphrases seem to have been excluded in consequence of their being in short metre ; as for instance, ' How beauteous are their feet,' 1 and 'To God the only wise.' 2 The following quaint old lines, by William Cardale, may be interest- ing to some of our readers. Their date is about 1635. ' Though blossomes all from fig-trees fall, And vines noe fruit shall bring ; Yet on my God will I rely, And to Him prayses sing. Though the olive-tree shall fruit-less be, Yielding noe suppling oyle ; Yet on my God will I rely, Whose mercies never faile. ' Though the harvest field no meate shall yield, But threaten famine sore ; Yet on my God will I rely, And still His Grace implore. Though nought is seen in pastures greene, The flocks exiled the folde ; Yet on my God will I rely, His bounty makes me bolde. ' Though cattle all, both great and small, Should perish from our coastes ; Yet on my God will I rely, For He's the Lord of Hostes. Though the herds of neat our enemyes eat, And leave none in the stalle ; Yet on my God will I rely, And prayse His Name for all. From Isaiah, lii. 7-10 ; and S. Matt. xiii. 16 > 17. r From S. Tude. 24, 25. English Hymnology. ' Though the creature failes, and nought avayles Whereon fraile men depend ; Yet on my God will I rely, Till time shall never end. With heart and voyce will I rejoyce, For God's my Rock and strength : Yea, on my God will I rely, To be supply'd at length. 1 Doth God correct ? It shall affect My heart with due submission : I'll be content and patient In every condition. Or low or high, if poverty Or ritches me befall, Lord, I'll resign my will to Thine, And bless Thy Name for all.' They are taken from Hab. iii. 17, 18. Very few paraphrases from the New Testament possess great excel- lence as hymns. The danger of dwindling into mere paraphrase has always beset such attempts as Wordsworth's and Hensley's to provide hymns founded on the Epistles and Gospels. The hymn by Lewis Hensley for the Sixth Sunday after Trinity, ' We were baptized into the Saviour's Death/ 1 is the most successful of his efforts to versify any part of the Epistles. Several of Heber's hymns are paraphrased from the Epistles and Gospels of the Sundays to which they are allotted: — 'In the sun and moon and stars/ 2 'The God of glory walks His round/ 3 and e Lo, the lilies of the field/ 4 may serve as examples. One of the poet Cowper's most popular paraphrases, ' Hear what God the Lord hath spoken/ 5 is marred by an extra- ordinary failure of rhyme in the second stanza, of which the first four lines run thus : — 1 There, like streams that feed the garden, Pleasures without end shall flow, For the Lord, your faith rewarding, All His Bounty shall bestow.' 1 From Romans vi. 3-11. 2 S. Luke xxi. 25-31. 3 S. Matt. xx. 1-8. 4 S. Matt. vi. 25-30. 3 From Isaiah lx. 82 English Hymnology. A. C. Coxe's ' Who is this with garments gory/ 1 is a very beautiful poem, but does not appear exactly suitable for a hymn. ' Who cometh here, from Edom's rocks/ in Lyra Mystica, by Archdeacon Mant, is open to the same remark. 1 From Isaiah lxiii. IX. GENERAL HYMNS.— {Continued.) There is, for all true hymns, a sphere of usefulness besides that which they possess in what may be called their public capacity as forming part of the Church services. They may be used in private devotion as fit subjects for meditation ; they may thus be taken more closely to the heart of each individual Christian, while they attune his spirit the better to join in the songs which are the prelude to the eternal harmonies of heaven. It is on hymns designed chiefly for meditation and private use that we would now venture a few remarks, only premising that we are unavoidably giving a very incomplete view of these hymns, and passing over very many that are worthy of notice. The number of hymns suitable for this purpose is greatly increased by the fact that, to most educated persons, the quaintness of ex- pression which prevents the works of our older sacred poets from being sung in church, rather recommends them for, than disqualifies them from, private use. There are two very interesting volumes published by the Parker Society : — ( Select Poetry of the Elizabethan Period, chiefly Devotional, edited by Edward Farr, Esq.' They con- tain many curious specimens of versions of the Psalms by Sir Philip Sidney and his sister, the Countess of Pembroke, by Archbishop Parker (in whose version they are preceded by ( Arguments,' and followed by Collects), by William Hunnis, by Francis Davison, and one by Queen Elizabeth herself. The following is from 6 Certaine short and pithy Praiers unto Jesu Christ our Saviour,' by W. Hunnis : — ' O Jesu sweet, grant that Thy grace Alwaies so worke in mee, I may desire the thing to doo Most pleasing unto Thee. 84 English Hymnology. 1 Jesu meeke, Thy Will be mine, My will be Thine also ; And that my will may follow Thine In pleasure, paine, and wo ; * O Jesu ; what is good for me, I say best knowne to Thee ; Therefore, according to Thy Will, Have mercie now on mee. # * # * O Jesu, oft it greeveth me And troubleth sore my mind, That I so weake and fraile am found, To wander with the blind. 1 O Jesu deare, Thy lasting light, Whose brightness doth excell, The clearness of Thy beams send downe, Within my heart to dwell. * O Jesu, quicken Thou my soule, That it may cleave to Thee ; And for Thy painefull Passion sake, Have mercie now on mee. ? We have an anonymous translation from S. Peter Damiani's 'Ad perennis vitas fo ntem,' beginning — * My thirsty soule desires her drought At heavenly fountaines to refresh.' • Some of the classical metres appear, e.g., in A. W.'s 'Saphickes upon the Passion cf Christ' and Abraham Fraunce's hexametrical version of the Psalms, but t.iey are not very successful. Some of the poems are in no sense devotional, and such lines as those by J. Rhodes against the Papists might well have been omitted. There is scarcely any need to direct attention to the poetry of George Herbert, the best known, and most frequently quoted, writer of quaint sacred verses. His lines seem to have been written with the very purpose of repelling all but the most thoughtful and medi- tative readers. His own words are the best possible apology for the want of poetic smoothness with which some have charged him : — English Hymnology. 85 ' The finenesse which a hymne or psalrne affords, Is, when the soul unto the line accords. * He who craves all the rninde, And all the soul, and strength, and time, If the words onely ryme, Justly complains that somewhat is behinde To make His verse, or write a hymne in kinde. 1 Whereas if th' heart be moved, Although the verse be somewhat scant, God doth supplie the want.' The strange fashion in which he often plays with his metre, his words, and his thoughts, is yet always subordinated to a spirit of deep reverence ; and when once the tangled web of his language is unravelled, it shows the beautiful transparent simplicity of his mind. That so few can use his poems as he himself did, singing them to his own music, results perhaps less from a scanty appreciation of their merits, than from the lack of that pure and noble spirit which inspired him. It was on the last Sunday of his life that he composed and sang to his lute some of his well-known lines on Sunday :— f O Day most calm, most bright, The fruit of this, the next world's bud, . Th' indorsement of supreme delight, Writ by a Friend, and with His Bloud ; The couch of Time ; Care's balm and bay ; The week were dark, but for thy light ; Thy torch doth show the w r ay.' We must confine our notice of George Herbert to one more speci- men, perhaps the easiest to comprehend of all his hymns : — * King of Glorie ! King of Peace ! I will love Thee, And that love may never cease, I will move Thee. * Thou hast granted my request, Thou hast heard me ! Thou didst note my working breast^ Thou hast spared me ! 86 English Hymnology. ' Wherefore with my utmost art I will sing Thee, And the cream of all my heart I will bring Thee. 1 Though my sinnes against me cried, Thou didst cleare me ! And alone, when they replied, Thou didst heare me ! * Seven whole dayes, not one in seven, I will praise Thee. In my heart, though not in heaven, I can raise Thee. * Thou grew'st soft and moist with tears, Thou relentedst, And when Justice call'd for fears, Thou dissentedst. 1 Small it is, in this poore sort To enroll Thee. Ev'n eternitie is too short To extollThee.' Wales, the native country of George Herbert, produced, some twenty years later, a poet, whose sacred verses, strangely neglected in his own days, are yet more strangely but little noticed now. Henry Vaughan, named from his birth-place The Si/urist, 1 has few of the difficulties we find in George Herbert, and writes frequently in a more definitely hymn-like style. To Lyte's edition of his Silex Scintillans (i.e. Sparks from the Flint-stone), an excellent biography of Vaughan is prefixed. There can be no doubt that the Siiurist studied, and sometimes closely imitated, the poems of Herbert. 3 Thus we find stanzas in Vaughan much resembling those given above, and beginning — * King of Comforts ! King of Life ! Thou hast cheered me ; And when fears and doubts were rife,, Thou hast cleered me ! 1 As being born among the Silures, the tribe which peopled South Wales. 2 He speaks of himself as a convert, won by the holy life and verse of Mr. George Herbert. English Hymnology. 87 * Not a nook in all my breast, But Thoufill'stit; Not a thought that breaks my rest, But Thou kill'st it. * Wherefore with my utmost strength I will praise Thee, And as Thou giv'st line and length, I will raise Thee ; * Day and night, not once a day, I will blesse Thee ; And, my soul, in new array I will dresse Thee.' Though Vaughan never displays any distinctive Romanism like Crashaw, he is not always so moderate in his language as might be desired. Perhaps almost the only lines of his which have found acceptance in any of our hymnals are those inserted in 6 The People's Hymnal ? which have so grievously offended some reviewers, wherein he thus addresses the Blessed Virgin : — ' Thou art the true Love -knot ; by thee God is made our allie ;' But it is not fair to judge the author by this really exceptional specimen of his language. The following more fairly represents his style. Its subject is ' Departed Friends.' ' They are all gone into the world of Light ! And I alone sit lingering here ! Their very memory is fair and bright, And my sad thoughts doth clear. ' It glows and glitters in my cloudy breast, Like stars upon some gloomy grove, Or those faint beams in which this hill 1 is drest After the sun's remove. * I see them walking in an air of glory, Whose light doth trample on my days ; My days, which are at best but dull and hoary, Meer glimmering and decays. 1 Sketh-rock. 88 English Hymnology. ' O holy Hope, and high Humility ! High as the heavens above ! These are your walks, and you have shew'd them me, To kindle my cold love. * Dear, beauteous Death ! the Jewel of the Just ! Shining nowhere but in the dark ; What mysteries do lie beyond the dust, Could man outlook that mark ! * He that hath found some fledg'd bird's nest may know At first sight if the bird be flown ; But what fair dell or grove he sings in now, That is to him unknown. * And yet, as Angels in some brighter dreams Call to the soul when man doth sleep, So some strange thoughts transcend our wonted theams, And into glory peep.' His lines on Peace, beginning, ' My Soul, there is a Countrie,' are very beautiful. His ' Wreath ' is an evident imitation from George Herbert's. His lines, ' King of Mercy, King of Love,' remind us of the similarly irregular metre found in Jeremy Taylor's ' Full of Mercy, full of Love.' There is a fair selection from Vaughan in Fosbery's ' Hymns and Poems for the Sick and Suffering,' where may also be seen extracts from many seventeenth-century writers, whom we have not space to mention here. The hymns in Dean Hickes's Devotions are by John Austin, an author who joined the Church of Rome about the middle of that century. Though intended for private use, many of them may, with very little alteration, be used in church. Of those which can only be used in private we may notice i Let others court what joys they please,' i Fain would my thoughts fly up to Thee/ and 1 And now, my soul, canst thou forget.' The works of Creation are beautifully commemorated in his hymn, ' Hark, my soul, how eveiy thing.' ' My God, to Thee ourselves we owe/ is also by Austin. 1 In the voluminous compositions of Watts, the Wesleys, Simon Browne, and other writers of their time, we see an increasing tendency to make hymns, intended for public use, so full of individual and 1 * With all the powers my poor soul hath/ is taken by Austin, with alterations, from Crashaw's translation of 'Adoro Te devote? by S. Thomas Aquinas. English Hymnology. personal aspirations and experiences, as to render them only suitable for private meditation. Sometimes, indeed, the self-exaltation of the individual becomes so absurd as to render the hymn wholly worth- less; e.g. — * When I can read my title clear To mansions in the skies, I bid farewell to every fear, And wipe my weeping eyes.' Dr. Watts. Frequently, however, the use of the singular number in the hymns of these authors is only, so to speak, an accidental feature, which it is often undesirable to change for church use, perhaps rather from their being familiar to us in their original forms than from anything else. 1 In Dr. Watts's hymns, the Morning Song, ' Once more, my soul, the rising day/ and the Evening Song, ' Dread Sovereign, let my evening song,' may be used as hymns of meditation, as may also ' Alas ! and did my Saviour bleed/ or the lines beginning — ' Arise, my soul, my joyful powers, And triumph in my God ; Awake, my voice, and loud proclaim His glorious Grace abroad.' 1 I need not apologize for the following illustration of my meaning ;. — a transla- tion by Dr. Neale of Watts's hymn, ' When I survey the wondrous Cross/ The permission to reprint it was due to the kindness of the editor of The Christian Remembrancer. ( O cui nee antea Cruor Talis se Amori junxerat ! O nulla Regis spines Corona comparabilis ! ' Crucem sequentes prasviam, Qua Rex pependit Glorias, Per lucra damnum quserimus, Et temnimus superbiam. ' O Crux, tuorum cordibus Tu sola sis jactatio : Pendentis ad Regis Pedes Spretae voluptates jacent. ( Quae vana complexi sumus, Jam non placebunt amplius ; Dum per Pedes, Manus, Caput, Amore mixtus it Cruor ; ' Qui debitas victorise Tantae rependimus vices, Ni, Qui redemit, nos Deo Fiamus ipsi victimae ? ' Sit laus Patri; laus Filio, Tristi levato stipite, Cum Spiritu Paraxzlito In ssculorum saecula. Amen.' Here, as will be seen, the plural is substituted for the singular throughout, and the translation, though really very close in other respects, seems scarcely to recall the original hymn. 90 English Hymnology. It seems almost useless to give the first lines of the very numerous hymns by the Wesleys, which are chiefly suitable for private use. The following are but a few : — ' Thou hidden love of God, whose height/ 1 ' O for a heart to praise my God/ ' Jesu, Thy boundless love to me/ ' Father, in the Name I pray/ ' O Love Divine, how sweet thou art/ 'Open, Lord, my inward ear/ 'God of my life, what just return/ ' Jesu, Thou art my Righteousness/ For the death-bed of one pre- pared to die, his lines, l Happy soul, thy days are ended/ seem more suitable than Toplady's ' Deathless principle, arise !' or Montgomery's 'Spirit! leave thine house of clay!' 2 Of John Newton's hymns, ' How sweet the Name of Jesus sounds/ ' Come, my soul, thy suit prepare/ 'Why should I fear the darkest hour,' 'Approach, my soul, the mercy-seat/ and ' I hear the tempest's awful sound/ (the last specially appropriate for use at sea,) must be mentioned. But many more hymns of meditation are due to William Cowper. There is indeed a vein of melancholy pervading many of his hymns, which is only too well accounted for by the author's sad history. ' God moves in a mysterious way/ ' O Lord, my best desire fulfil,' and ' O for a closer walk with God/ all bear traces of having been written 'in the twilight of departing reason/ ' Hark, my soul ! it is the Lord/ and ' Far from the world, O Lord, I flee,' breathe a happier spirit, as do also many of his translations from Madame Guyon, which are far too little known. ' Blest, who, far from all mankind/ 3 and ' Love is the Lord whom I obey/ 4 are especially good, as are also ' Night ! how I love thy silent shades/ 5 and indeed all those on watching to God in the night-season. It may be interesting to compare a stanza of the original French with Cowper's translation : — 1 Tous sont obliges de T'aimer, Je le suis d'avantage ; Cent fois Tu m'as scu delivrer D'un mortel esclavage : 1 By John Wesley, from Tersteegen's , £>er£crgne ®ctte§(ieBc £)u.' 2 This is not among Montgomery's published hymns, though probably adapted by himself (from a poem written in 1803) for Dr. Collyer's collection, 18 12. 3 From ' Heureux, qui, loin de tout le monde.' 4 L' Amour me tient asservie. 6 Nuit, que vous m'etes favorable. English Hymnology. 91 Mon Petit-Maitre, mon Amour, Que j 'expire en Toi chaque jour !' 1 All are indebted much to Thee, But I far more than all ; From many a deadly snare set free, And raised from many a fall : Overwhelm me from above Daily with Thy boundless Love.' Some suitable pieces may be found also in Lyra Evangelica, translated from Malan by Miss Arnold. Many of Charlotte Elliott's poems are suitable for private devotion. Her best-known hymn, i My God and Father, while I stray/ seems to have been originally intended for use in this way. e O Holy Saviour, Friend unseen,' i Just as I am, without one plea/ and ' O Thou, the contrite sinner's Friend/ are also well adapted for medita- tion. In H. F. Lyte's sacred verses there are, besides many others equally worth mentioning, ' Jesus, I my cross have taken,' ' Long did I toil, and knew no earthly rest/' and ' When at Thy footstool, Lord, I bend. 5 For meditation in times of trouble there are some lines by Dr. Thomas Gibbons, beginning — 'To Thee, my God, Whose Presence fills The earth, and seas, and skies, To Thee, Whose Name, Whose heart is Love, With all my powers I rise.' Very much of the sacred poetry of Germany is suitable for private use. The subjective character found especially in many of the later hymns adapts them to this end. C. J. P. Spitta's works are excellent for domestic edification, for which indeed they were primarily designed. Mr. Massie has in his Lyra Domestica, translated the ' Psaltery and Harp ' of Spitta successfully on the whole. ' O blessed Sun, whose Splendour/ 1 and ' My Lord and God, Whose gracious Hand/ 2 deserve especial mention. His rendering of the parting hymn, 3 ' How mean ye thus by weeping/ though retaining the double rhymes of the original, is perhaps not equal to t What mean ye by 1 O Sefu, metnc r ®(aiuV ift eine teknbige tfraft. 2 3$ toeifl cm 2Ben id) gfaufce. 3 SSevjage nictyt, bit ^ciufletn flan. 4 Sfti'faraS i\, bu Itfla l;op. 5 From , ©rmuntert eucfy, tyx Srvomnten/ by Laurentius Laurenti. English Hymnology. 99 merit. Miss Borthwick's ' Jesus, still lead on,' 1 is good, and only needs a suitable tune for its very peculiar metre to make it a popular hymn. The same remark may apply to R. H. Baynes's lines beginning : — ' When across the heart deep waves of sorrow Break, as on a dry and barren shore ; While Hope glistens with no bright to-morrow, And the storm seems sweeping evermore.' Toplady's ' When languor and disease invade/ has fifteen stanzas in the original \ it was written during an illness. Wesley's ' O Thou, to whose all-searching sight/ 2 and Bonar's c O Everlasting Light/ may perhaps be fitly mentioned here. The hymns on Love fall naturally into two classes : those which have Divine Love for their subject, and those which set forth the duty of Love to God and man as a Christian Grace. Scarcely any translated hymn has been more acceptable to English ears than the ' rhythmic song in commemoration of the Lord's Passion/ popularly ascribed to St. Bernard of Clairvaux. 3 In Daniel's Thesaurus Hymnologicus reasons are adduced for attributing to St. Bernard only eleven stanzas, and even these not with any great certainty. Those with which the hymn now commences were added, as Daniel believes, by a Cistercian nun in the fourteenth century. Later interpolators have extended the hymn to its present length ; and some of them, when dividing it into shorter portions for insertion in the breviaries, have disregarded its original rules of rhyme. Caswall's version, ' Jesu, the very thought of Thee/ is in five parts, and is by far the best we possess. From his second part is taken, ' Jesu, Thy mercies are untold/ 4 Dr. Neale's ' J esu ! the very thought is sweet,' and Copeland's ' Jesu ! how sweet those 1 From ,3efii, gety' aoratt/ by Ludwig von Zinzendorf. 2 This hymn l^as been given by Dr. Rogers as translated by John Wesley from the German of Gerhard Tersteegen ; but Mr. Kiibler knows no hymn of his to which it corresponds, and it is not given at the end of Tersteegen's Memoir among the hymns translated by Wesley. 3 It begins 'Jesu dulcis memoria/ and has forty-eight stanzas. 4 Amor Jesu dulcissimus. ioo English Hymnology. accents are,' deserve mention, though not nearly equal to CaswalFs rendering. We have already had occasion to mention i Jesus ! Thou Joy of loving hearts/ taken from this poem by Ray Palmer, as an Eucharistic Hymn. The following version of the stanzas which form part hi. of hymn 157 in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern' 1 may not be unacceptable to our readers. It is due to Robert Campbell, Esq., of Skerrington. ' Jesu, highest heaven's Completeness, Name of Music to the ear, To the lips surpassing sweetness, Wine the fainting heart to cheer. * Eating Thee, the soul may hunger, Drinking, still athirst may be, But for earthly food no longer, Nor for any stream but Thee. * Jesu, all delights exceeding, Only Hope of hearts distrest ; Weeping eyes, and spirits bleeding, Find in Thee a place of rest. * Stay, O Beauty uncreated, Ever ancient, ever new, Banish deeds of darkness hated, With Thy sweetness all bedew. 'Jesu, fairest Blossom, springing From a Maiden ever pure, May our lips Thy praise be singing, While eternal years endure.' ' O Love ! how deep ! how broad ! how high !' 2 is a translation by Dr. Neale of part of a fifteenth century hymn. Dr. Kynaston's 1 Jesu Decus Angelicum. 2 'O Amor qusm exsteticus. 5 The original begins with a stanza not translated : ' Apparuit Benignitas Dei, necnon Humanitas, Ex Caritate nimia • Ad nos atque gratuitaV English Hymnology. 101 'jesu, Solace of my Soul,' is translated from Anselm, 1 Bishop of Lucca in the eleventh century. W. C. Dix's ' No songs shall break our gloom to-day/ and C. G. Rossetti's ' I bore with thee long weary days and nights/ are very poetical, but scarcely suited for church use. There is a beautiful little poem of unknown date and author- ship, 2 to which Dr. Kynaston's version, though reproducing very ingeniously the rhymes of the original, scarcely does justice : — ' Lend, O lend me wings to send me, Heavenly Dove, careering soon Where the palmy Cross with balmy Shadows hides the burning noon.' Mr. Campbell's translation, given in the S. Andrew's Hymnal, ' Lend Thy Wings, O Holy Dove,' is much better. There is a festival introduced into the more recent breviaries which gives several hymns on the Saviour's Love, — the Feast of the Heart of Jesus. Caswall's ' All ye who seek for sure relief/ 3 and ' To Christ the Prince of peace/ 4 are translations of the hymns com- posed for this festival in the Roman Breviary. ' Jesus, Thy Love unbounded/ is a beautiful hymn, given anonymously in Bosworth's Church Hymns. l Jesu, Lover of my Soul/ was written by Charles Wesley in 1740, and is certainly one of his best hymns. 5 Since pub- lishing the 'Annotated Edition of Hymns Ancient and Modern/ I have ascertained that the author of i Jesu, meek and lowly/ is Henry Collins. c From highest Heaven the Eternal Son/ was written by Sir Henry Baker to suit the tune of the Old 113th Psalm. i My faith looks up to Thee,' is a beautiful hymn by Dr. Ray Palmer. Dr. Millard's i God Eternal, Lord of all/ and Faber's ' My God, how wonderful Thou art !' maybe noticed now, though somewhat differ- ing in subject from most of those mentioned above. 1 Jesu mi dulcissime. 2 'Ecquis binas columbinas.' — See * Songs of other Churches' in Monthly Packet, vol. xi. (New Series), page 429. 3 Quicumque certum quaeritis. 4 Summi Parentis Filio. 5 For a strangely severe criticism upon its language, see the preface to Words- worth's Holy Year, p. xxxi. 102 English Hymnology. On the duty of Love to God's Service, there is scarcely a more popular hymn than ' We love the place, O God/ of which the first four stanzas given in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ are by Dr. Bul- lock, and the last three by Sir H. W. Baker. ' Come, we that love the Lord/ by Dr. Watts ; ' Songs of praise the Angels sang/ and 1 Stand up and bless the Lord/ both by J. Montgomery— are exhor- tations to the expression of love and thanksgiving. Miss Cox's ' Good and pleasant 'tis to see/ from Michael Miiller's German, 1 and 6 O ye, your Saviour's Name who bear/ 2 from Jacob Ritter, are excellent exhortations to the spirit of Charity, as is also Alford's 6 Little children, dwell in love.' As prayers for this grace, we have Toplady's ' Jesu, God of Love, attend/ Alford's ' Thou Who on that wondrous journey,' C. Wesley's, ' O Thou Who earnest from above,' and l Jesus, Lord, we look to Thee/ and J. H. Gurney's ' Lord, as to Thy dear Cross we flee.' ' Blest be the dear uniting Love/ is by C. Wesley • ' Go up, go up, my heart/ by Dr. H. Bonar. ' Our God is Love, and all His Saints/ first appeared in Cotterill's Collection, and its authorship is perhaps due to him. ' Fountain of Good, to own Thy Love/ is a recast version, probably by Edward Osier, of a hymn by Dr. Doddridge, which begins, i Jesus, my Lord, how rich Thy Grace !' It is especially applicable to occasions of Almsgiving. 1 ©te§ tote lieWicty iji'g unb feitt. 2 3§r tie i()r eutf? son (SI;rtf!o ttennt. XL GENERAL HYMNS.— THE HE A VENL Y CO UNTR Y. If it be true, that the brightest flame of heathen poetry has been ■ kindled from the dim and smouldering conceptions of another world, which reached even where God's Revelation was unknown, much more may we expect that the most radiant pages of Christian lyrics will be those into which is transfused somewhat of the Heavenly City's lustre. If some of the sweetest strains ever sung are those in which the exile mourns his absence from his loved and distant home, we shall not be surprised to see that many of the best hymns have the heavenly home-sickness for their key-note, and that there con- stantly recurs in them the thought of this life being only a state of banishment from Heaven, or at best, of weary pilgrimage thither. Sometimes it is suggested by the retrospect of the first earthly para- dise, forfeited by Adam's fall ; as in those beautiful, though scarcely hymn-like lines, which Dr. Neale has translated from S. Theophanes, wherein Adam himself, as the representative of his race, is mourning his exclusion from Eden : — * O glorious Paradise ! O lovely clime ! O GoD-built mansion ! Joy of every saint ! Happy remembrance to all coming time ! Whisper, with all thy leaves, in cadence faint, One prayer to Him who made them all, One prayer for Adam in his fall ! — That He, Who formed thy gates of yore, Would bid those gates unfold once more That I had closed by sin : l 1 It would almost seem that Coffin must have had these lines of S. Theophanes before him when he wrote — ' Adse scelus quas clauserat, Reclude ccelestes domos.' 104 English Hymnology. And let me taste that holy Tree That giveth immortality To them that dwell therein ! Or have I fallen so far from grace, That mercy hath for me no place ? ' Sometimes, as in i Thou New Jerusalem, arise and shine/ translated by Neale from S. John Damascene's Golden Canon, 1 the hymn- writer starts from the contemplation of the Saviour's Resurrection Victory, — sometimes, as in S. Romanus the Melodist's beautiful hymn, 2 inadequately rendered in W. C. Dix's ' Bethlehem hath opened Eden,' from the Incarnation, as the means and source of our recall. Our examples have been taken thus far from the hymns of the Greek Church, but they might have been as easily found among spiritual songs written in English, or German, or Latin. Indeed, but for the lack of suitable English verse translations, we might have gone still farther from home, and might have quoted the metrical homily in which S. Ephraem the Syrian describes Paradise, or the Song of the Saints, in the Abyssinian ' Degua.' 3 Perhaps no hymn has ever attained such marvellous and speedy popularity as Dr. Neale's translation from Bernard, a monk of Clugny in the twelfth century. The author, born of English parents at Morlaix in Bretagne, must not be confounded with his more illus- trious namesake, S. Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux. The very long poem, l De Contemptu Mundi,' from the opening part of which the hymn is taken, is a bitter satire on the gross corruptions of the age in which Bernard lived. The following are the best-known extracts from Neale's translation which have found their way into our hymnals : — 6 The world is very evil/ 4 ' Brief life is here our portion.' 5 ' For thee, O dear, dear Country!' 6 and — most widely appreciated 1 (pajrifrov, (ptori^ov. 2 Tty 'ESeyCt ~Br)d\ee/JL rfvoL^e, devre iddjjbLeu. 3 See Dr. Burgess's ' Syriac Hymns/ pp. 113-125. Rev. J. M. Rodwell's ' yEthiopic Prayers, &c./ No. II., p. 94. Some attempts at versification from these sources will be found in ' Songs of other Churches, ' now nearly completed in The Monthly Packet. 4 Hora novissima, tempora pessima sunt, vigilemus ! 5 Hie breve vivitur, hie breve plangitur, hie breve fletur. 6 O bona Patria, lumina sobria te speculantur. English Hy 111110 logy. 105 and adopted of all — 'Jerusalem the Golden. 7 1 Of the eighteen col- lections in which I have had time to compare its text, perhaps the worst attempts at improvement are made by the following, of which a few lines are given as a specimen : — 'Jerusalem the golden ! Fair city of the blest ! The hope of pilgrim Christians ! The saints' eternal rest ! Nor eye hath seen thy glories, Nor ever tongue declared, What God for them that love Him Within thee hath prepared.' Supplement to HalVs Collection. 'Jerusalem the golden, Where milk and honey flow, Both heart and voice sink fainting Beneath thy crystal glow. I know not, oh ! I know not What joys of home are there, What bright unfolding glory, What bliss beyond compare.' 2 S. W. Christophers. The fact that even Dr. Neale found it impossible to 'torture our language into any distant resemblance of the original rhythm/ might have deterred others from attempting it, and, almost as a matter of course, failing. But it is difficult to say for what other reason than for the sake of such imitation Mrs. Charles has chosen the extra- ordinary metre of her version, ' Here brief is the sighing, and brief is the crying, for brief is the life/ This line certainly contains the same number of syllables as the Latin, but the essentially different position of the accented syllables makes them perfectly distinct from each 1 Urbs Syon aurea, Patria lactea, cive decora. 2 In the old Salisbury Hymn Book (of the alterations in which Dr, Neale specially complains) these two lines are given thus : — ' What radiance of glory, What depth of bliss to share.' Mr. Christophers's alterations are the less excusable, because he gives the hymn in immediate connection with Dr. Neale's anecdote of the dying child who was quieted by hearing it read, as Dr. Neale has translated it. ic6 English Hymnology. other in rhythm and general effect. Nor does Mr. Moultrie's trans- lation succeed much better; it begins : — ' Fast fall the sands of time, high fills the cup of crime : watch ! For the warning Light through the gloom is shed, showing to quick and dead the Judgment morning. ' He means it as a transference of the Latin metre into English, but allows himself an entire liberty of c shifting the ictus from the first to the second syllable of the dactyl ad libitum? This liberty, exempli- fied near the end of the second line given above, would render it very difficult, if not impossible, to sing his translation. We have already mentioned (p. 47) the hymn on the Heavenly City appointed for the Dedication of Chtirches. There are some lines by S. Peter Damiani 1 which contain much the same description of the New Jerusalem as that given there. Dr. Neale's translation, 6 For the fount of Life eternal longs the soul with eager thirst/ is based on Mr. Wackerbarth's, and is perhaps inferior in beauty to Dr. Littledale's ' For the fount of Life eternal is my thirsting spirit fain/ From these three versions the cento in 'The People's Hymnal is made up. Caswall's translation, of which the first stanza is sub- joined, differs slightly in metre from the original :< — 1 On the fount of Life eternal Gazing wistful and athirst ; Yearning, straining, from the prison Of confining flesh to burst ; Here the soul in exile sighs For her native Paradise.' Four of Dr. Neale's translations from hymns of the fifteenth century, given in his ' Hymns on the Joys and Glories of Paradise/ may be mentioned : — ' My Father's Home eternal/ 2 ' If there be that skills to reckon/ 3 ' Light's Abode, Celestial Salem/ 4 and ' Eye hath never 1 'Ad perennis vitse fontem mens sitivit arida.' Gerard Moultrie's beautiful lines on 'The Gates of Gold,' beginning, ' Thirsts my weary spirit,' seem to have been suggested by S. Peter Damiani's poem. See also page 84. 2 In Domo Patris. 3 Quisquis valet numerare. 4 Jerusalem luminosa. English Hymnology. 107 seen the glory.' l They are all of unknown authorship ; but the last three, which apparently form parts of one poem, probably all proceed from the same pen.. Not much more recent than the original of these is the English of one of our most familiar hymns, ' Jerusalem, my happy home;' or, to give the antique orthography of the original, 'Hierusalem, my happie Home.' For a complete history of its various modifications, its appropriation by David Dickson the Cove- nanter, and its discovery among the MSS. of the British Museum, I must refer to Dr. Bonar's book on ' The New Jerusalem.' It is pos- sible that the lines of S. Peter Damiani, or of Bernard of Morlaix, were present to the mind of its writer. The initials F. B. P. are attached to it in the British Museum MS., and are supposed to be those of Francis Baker {Pater or Presbyter,) a Roman Catholic who suffered in the persecution either of Elizabeth or of James I. There is a Francis Augustus Baker mentioned in Lowndes's Catalogue as the author of some books of Devotions, whom Mr. Sedgwick identi- fies with the writer of this hymn. Mr. Miller, in his ' Singers and Songs of the Church,' traces the popular form of it in our hymn- books to Williams and Boden's Hymnal, 1801, where it is said to be taken from the ' Eckington Collection.' It is referred by Mr. Miller to ' Urbs beata Hirusalem,' as its Latin original ; but this seems, if not wholly wrong, at least only partially right. William Burkitt, Vicar of Dedham, published the hymn in 1693 with alterations of his own, some of them wantonly destructive to its spirit and meaning. Thus, where F. B. P. had written : — ' Thy gardens and thy gallant walkes Continually are greene,' Mr. Burkitt substituted l pleasant fruits/ leaving it to his readers to reconcile the pleasantness of the fruits with the fact of their con- tinually remaining green. The best known German hymn on the Heavenly City 2 is by Meyfart, or rather is Kosegarten's imitation of it. * Jerusalem, thou city fair and high,' Miss Winkworth's translation, 'Jerusalem, thou 1 Nee quisquam oculis vidit. 2 Serufatem, fcu IjocfygeBaute @tafct. io8 English Hymnology. city towering high/ Miss Cox's rendering, and Dr. Neale's ' Jerusa- lem, thou city built on high/ all imitate the metre of the original. ' Now fain my joyous heart would sing/ is Miss Winkworth's render- ing from J. Walther. 1 The following is a translation from a very beautiful hymn of Riickert, 2 by Archbishop Trench : — ' Oh ! Paradise must show more fair Than any earthly ground ; And therefore longs my spirit there Right quickly to be found. 6 In Paradise a stream must flow Of everlasting Love ; Each tear of longing shed below, Therein a pearl will prove. ' And there the tree of stillest peace In verdant spaces grows ; Beneath it one can never cease To dream of blest repose. * A cherub at the gate must be, Far off the world to fray, That its rude noises reach not me, To fright my dream away. 1 All here I sought in vain pursuit Will freely meet me there ; As from green branches golden fruit, Fair flowers from gardens fair. ' My youth, that by me swept amain, On swift wing borne away, And love, that suffered me to drain Its nectar for a day — ' These, never wishing to depart, Will me for ever bless, Their darling fold unto the heart, And comfort and caress. 1 ^eqitcfj tl;ut mid? erfreuen. £a3 ^arabteg mitf fdjjoner fein 21IS ieter £)ri auf (Svfcen. English Hymnology. 109 1 And there the Loveliness, Whose Glance From far on me did gleam ; But Whose unveiled Countenance Was only seen in dream, ' Will, meeting all my soul's desires, Unveil itself to me, When to the choir of starry lyres Shall mine united be.' l ' Heavenward doth our journey tend,' 3 is Miss Winkworth's transla- tion from B. Schmolck ; ' Come, Brothers, let us onward, 3 is by Mrs. E. Findlater, from Gerhardt Tersteegen. Among her translations of hymns on the Heavenly Country, may also be noticed, ' Ah ! this heart is void and chill,' 4 and 'O how many hours of beauty,' 5 from Spitta. 'What no human eye hath seen,' 6 from Lange; 'Tell me not of earthly love,' 7 a hymn of unknown authorship; and 'A pil- grim and a stranger,' 8 from Paul Gerhardt, are translated by her sister, Miss Borthwick. The last-mentioned translation has some beautiful stanzas, but is much disfigured by a vulgar colloquialism : — 1 There's nothing here that tempts me To wish a longer stay.' Two other hymns by Gerhardt, 'To God thy way commending,' 9 and ' Come forth, my heart, and seek delight/ 10 in Miss Cox's transla- tion, may be mentioned as examples of the way in which the trials and the blessings of this world may suggest and lead up to the thought of the better Life. The latter hymn has also been translated in Miss Winkworth's ' Go forth, my heart, and seek delight/ Sir H. Baker's hymn, ' There is a blessed Home,' sets forth very beautifully the joys of that Rest which 'remaineth to the people of 1 Compare a Spanish hymn, by G. A. de Valeria, in No. xvi. of * Songs of Other Churches.' 2 «§tmmettodrt3 geljt unfre SBaljn. 3 , Jtommt, fritter, tafit utig gef)en.' Miss Winkworth has rendered this hymn more successfully in ' Come, Brethren, let us go.' 4 2ld), un§ torirfc ta3 £er§ fo leer. 5 O tote manege fefcone (Stunt e. 6 23 a§ feat 2luge Imt gefefjen. 7 @agct mtt con feirtem Siefcen. 8 %ty 6tn em ®a\t auf ©rtett. 9 JBeftefit tu teme 2Bege. 13 ©£$' au», metti £er$, unfc futile ^veub'. no English Hymnology. God.' Samuel Crossman's 'Jerusalem on high/ is taken from a poem beginning ' Sweet place, sweet place alone/ By the omission of the inferior stanzas with which Thomas Gisborne's hymn, 'A soldier's course, from battles won/ begins, it might be much im- proved. 'A living stream, as crystal clear/ is a recast version, by the compilers of the Salisbury Hymn Book, of ' There is a stream, which issues forth/ by John Mason. The excessive homeliness of John Berridge's 6 O happy saints, who dwell in light/ 1 almost precludes its use as a church hymn. Mrs. Elizabeth Rowe's ' Hail, sacred Salem, placed on high/ is almost as unsuitable through erring on the opposite side. Dr. Stennett's ' On Jordan's stormy banks I stand/ expresses less happily the same leading idea as Watts's ' There is a land of pure delight.' ' Come, let us join our cheerful songs,' also by Dr. Watts, is perhaps the most popular among hymns of invitation to the Church on earth to unite with the saints in Heaven. It would almost seem as if Charles Wesley in ' Come, let us join our friends above/ had tried to combine the beauties of both Dr. Watts's compositions. Many of Dr. Bonar's hymns descriptive ot Paradise would supply excellent material for church use, and some might be employed without any omission or alteration. We may instance : i This is not my place of resting,' ' These are the crowns that we shall wear/ and the concluding stanzas of 'Nay, 'tis not what we fancied it.' A hymn might perhaps be made from some lines in 6 Brethren, arise.' Josiah Conder's hymn on the Better Country, 'Shepherd of Thine Israel, lead us/ 2 is beautiful, as is also 'Oh! happy land above!' the concluding chorus of a Tragedy on the death of Saul, by Dr. Neale's father. The following, by the Rev. D. T. K, Drummond, deserves to be better known : — ' Our glorious home above, The City of our God, 1 Imitated from a hymn in Erskine's ' Gospel Sonnets.' 2 Founded, perhaps, on ' Guide me, O Thou great Jehovah,' a hymn doubt^e-s translated from the Welsh of William Williams, whether by himself or by William Evans is unknown. English Hytnnology. 1 1 1 The resting-place of peace and Love, The pilgrim's sweet abode ! ' Oh for an angel's wing, To soar above the skies, And join the angelic choir who sing Their hallowed symphonies. ' Pure mansions of the blest, Prepared by Jesu's Hand, That all His Own may sweetly rest Safe in Emmanuel's Land. f May each we love be there, From death and darkness free ; Our joy unspeakable to share Throughout eternity. ' Benjamin Rhodes wrote the beautiful hymn beginning 'Jerusalem Divine.' Sir Edward Denny's 'Bride of the Lamb, awake ! awake !' and ' Children of light, arise and shine/ are good, though the former is somewhat tinged by its author's millenarian opinions. Faber's hymn, ' My God, how wonderful Thou art/ sets forth the blessedness of seeing God in Heaven. The lines on Heaven beginning, ' We speak of the realms of the blest/ are by Mrs. Elizabeth Mills, 1829, and were written after reading Bridges on Ps. cxix. 44 (' We speak of Heaven, but oh ! to be there!'), a short time before the death by consumption of the authoress. Dr. Watts's ' Nor eye has seen, nor ear has heard/ and ' Lo, what a glorious sight appears/ are both good. T. R. Taylor's ' I'm but a stranger here,' has gained con- siderable popularity, as has also Anne Steele's 'Far from these narrow scenes of night.' ' Oh for the robes of whiteness,' by Miss Charitie Lees Smith, has great beauty. Dr. Raffles's hymn, 'High in yonder realms of light/ and Thomas Grinneld's, ' Oh, could we pilgrims raise our eyes,' cannot be so highly commended. It is very strange that ' Lord of earth, Thy forming Hand,' one of Sir Robert Grant's best hymns, has been so much neglected. Mrs. Tonna's ' Tribulation, pain, and woe/ and Joseph Cottle's ' From every earthly pleasure/ contrast the miseries of earth with the delights of Heaven. Miss Elliott's ' Oh, how I long to reach my 112 English Hymnology. Home,' and J. Montgomery's ' For ever with the Lord/ are beautiful aspirations for the Better Country. Thomas Davis's, ' O Paradise eternal,' is a mere echo of Dr. Neale's translation from Bernard. 6 What are these in bright array,' by J. Montgomery, might perhaps Lave been more fitly noticed among the hymns for All Saints' Day, as might also Rowland Hill's ' Exalted high at God's Right Hand.' Miss Mennel's ' We have no home but Heaven,' and R. M. Mc Cheyne's * When this passing world is done,' are rather poems than hymns. ' We've no abiding city here/ by Thomas Kelly, is scarcely so worthy of its author as two other of his hymns, ' Hark ! ten thousand harps and voices,' and ' Look, ye saints, the sight is glorious.' But it could hardly be expected that the writer of seven hundred and sixty-five hymns would be always successful in his compositions. There is a long hymn by Thomas Olivers, beginning, ' The God of Abraham praise,' which ought perhaps to be mentioned here. It was adapted by its author to the music of one of the old hymns sung by Leoni at the Jews' Synagogue in 1770. The name of Leoni has ever since been attached to the tune. Mr. Christo- phers says that the words of the hymn are a Christianized translation from the ^Hebrew, and that their adaptation to the music was the work not of 01ivers ; but of Leoni. This statement, how T ever, seems less probable than the account given above. XII. GENERAL HYMNS— CONCLUSION. The limits within which we had intended to keep our remarks have been already exceeded, and still the subject-matter of them is far from being exhausted. There is one class of hymns somewhat connected with those which we dwelt upon in our last article, though sufficiently distinct to be considered separately. ' Thy statutes have been my songs in the house of my pilgrimage/ wrote the psalmist ; yet we have ventured to separate the hymns on the Holy Scrip- tures from those which have for their theme the heavenward pil- grimage itself. The first point we have to notice is the marvellous and lamentable dearth of ancient hymns on the Scriptures. This may be partially accounted for by taking into consideration that the relationship of writers in those times to the books they used was widely different from what is commonly the case now. The Bible of those days was not a portable and compact volume ; moreover, it was from the earliest ages supplemented by a traditional teaching, which, as corruption spread, usurped its functions more and more, until MSS. of the Word of God took their place, as things unused, but super- stitiously venerated, among reliques and images. 1 Men had scarcely come to regard God's Revelation as a completed work, before this misuse of it began. We may also remember that the ideas of the middle ages tended to merge the light of God's revealed Word in the glory of the Incarnate Word. It is less easy to explain the fact that Germany contributes comparatively few originals of hymns on the Scriptures which have become well known in an English trans- lation. Miss Winkworth's rendering of a hymn of unknown author- 1 Nor had they the highest place, as may be seen from the well-known instance of Harold's oath to William of Normandy, when the latter had procured reliques, and concealed them beneath the altar to add to the solemnity of the obligation. I 1 14 English Hymnology. ship, 1 beginning, ' Thy Word, O Lord, like gentle dews/ deserves mention. There is a beautiful hymn by Spitta/ which I am con- scious that the following translation very imperfectly represents : — Word of Life, thou fountain bright, Flowing forth from Heaven's height, Sprinkling powers of life on those Who to thee their hearts disclose, Who, like flowers that fade away In the bright sun's parching ray, From the dry and barren waste Thirsting, stoop thy spring to taste. Earth, without thy light, appears But a gloomy vale of tears : — Heaven's best joys without thy key Barred from all mankind would be : — ■ Life without thy quickening breath But the shadow seems of death : — Death without thy cheering beams, Night without a morning seems. Word of Life ! Not light alone, Warmth by thee is on us thrown ; Thou dost show the depths of hell, And of God's own Kingdom tell : Chasing sloth and sleep, thy call Doth the sinner's soul appal ; Yet, when hapless footsteps slide, Thou in love the fall wouldst hide. From thy page we learn to fear Justice from a Judge severe, Yet therein a Father find, Strong and patient, good and kind, — God, Who, for our sin to atone, Gives His dear, His Only Son Guilt upon Himself to take, Loves the sinner for His sake. Word of Life, Salvation free Offering him who heareth thee, Only he who keeps thee fast, Shall thy treasure share at last. 1 £cin 3©oi*t, O £err, ijt milter %{\\\\. 2 SBoit teg 8efcen«, iautve Quelle. English Hymnology. \ 1 5 May I keep thee, then, thou Sword Of the Spirit, God's Own Word ! Help me here on earth to strive, Crowned through thee in Heaven to live. Anne Steele's hymn, beginning, ' Father of mercies, in Thy Word, is well known, as is also Benjamin Beddome's ' God, in the Gospel of His Son.' ' Holy Bible, Book Divine/ is by John Barton, 1799. ' How precious is the Book Divine/ by Dr. John Fawcett, was first published in 1782, in a collection of original hymns which their author intended as a supplement to Dr. Watts's • Psalms and Hymns.' c The Spirit breathes upon the Word,' is by William Cowper. ' I love the Sacred Book of God ' is due to Thomas Kelly. One of our best hymns on the Bible is 'Lamp of our feet, whereby we trace/ written by the Quaker poet, Bernard Barton. ' Pour down Thy Spirit, gracious Lord/ is a prayer for a blessing on God's Word, by John Newton. Dr. W T atts's ' My dear Redeemer and my Lord,' is somewhat weak in rhyme, and wants clearness of idea. It con- trasts the Word of God with the life of our Lord on earth, as if the record of the latter were not an integral part of the former. A much more satisfactory hymn, by the same author, begins, ' Great God, with wonder and with praise,' and compares very successfully the lessons taught by Nature and by Inspiration. In his hymn, ' Let every mortal ear attend/ the language is too vehement, and the rhythm too much neglected; yet even this is a better hymn' than the miserably prosaic lines beginning, ' The Law commands and makes us know/ in which he attempts to set forth the difference between the Law and the Gospel. The hymn on the Word of God, ' The table of my heart prepare/ by Charles Wesley, is rather adapted for the private use of the ministry, than for singing in Church. In the Wesleyan hymn-books, the first two stanzas are omitted, and it begins, ' When quiet in my house I sit.' ' Inspire] of the ancient seers,' is more suitable for public use, but is not quite equal to its author's average excellence. ' Precious Bible ! what a treasure V by John Newton, cannot be very highly commended. Of James Montgomery's hymns on the Word of God, the following n6 English Hymnology. is perhaps the best, in spite of the weak stanza with which it begins : — ' The Word of God, the Word of truth, Instruct our childhood, guide our youth, Uphold us through life's middle stage, And be our comfort in old age ! ' 'Twas by that Word the heavens were made, By it the earth's foundations laid ; All things that are on it depend, Their source and stay, their rule and end. ' By it Jehovah gave His Law, Midst sights of terror, sounds of awe ; By it the holy men of old A better covenant foretold. ' Christ Jesus came, Himself " The Word," His Voice the powers of nature heard, In servant's form they knew His Call, The Son of God, the Lord of all. * The Word of Mercy which He brought, The Word of Wisdom which He taught, His Word of Grace, so full, so free, Our hope, our joy, our portion be. ' That word, if early doomed to death, Revive us at our latest breath, And when our souls in judgment stand, Decree our place at God's Right Hand ! ' ' Words of eternal life to me/ 'Thy Word, Almighty Lord,' and c Behold the Book whose leaves display/ are other hymns by the same author upon the Word of God. ' Lord, Thy Word abideth/ is by Sir H. W. Baker. 'His light my guide ! His Law my rule V and 6 The broken contrite heart oppressed/ are by Dr. Monsell. I have omitted to mention in its place, ' O what the joy and the glory must be/ a hymn slightly altered by the compilers of ' Hymns Ancient and Modern/ from Dr. Neale's translation of a mediaeval hymn for Saturday — ' O quanta qualia sunt ilia sabbata. ' English Hymnoiogy. \ \ 7 The following have also been accidentally passed over without notice. Dr. Neale's ' Art thou weary, art thou languid?' although given by him as a translation from S. Stephen the Sabaite, 1 is really an original hymn. The same remark may apply to his hymn, ' O happy band of pilgrims,' to which S. Joseph of the Studium has really contributed scarcely a single idea. ' Come, ye faithful, raise the anthem ' was given by Dr. Neale in the Christian Remembrancer as a recast version of a hymn by Job Hupton. ' Be Thou my Guardian and my Guide ' was written by Isaac Williams. ' Christian, seek not yet repose ' is by Miss Charlotte Elliott, written (as are many of her hymns) in a form of metre otherwise rare — three long lines followed by a much shorter one forming the stanza. Matthew Bridges wrote i Crown Him with many crowns/ Dr. Newman wrote 'Lead, kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom/ in 1833 during a voyage on the Mediterranean. ' Praise to the Holiest in the height' is also his, being taken from the 'Dream of Gerontius/ *I need Thee, precious Jesus' first appeared in the Rev. F. Whit- field's 'Sacred Poems and Prose/ 'Jesus, Lord of life and glory' is by J. Cummins. Mrs. Alderson contributed 'Lord of glory, Who hast bought us ' to the Appendix to ' Hymns Ancient and Modern,' where also the Rev. J. Ellerton's translation 'Sing Alleluia forth in duteous praise ' was first published. The original, 2 found in the Mozarabic Breviary, is by Mone attributed to the fifth century. ' Lord of our life and God of our Salvation ' is said to be taken from an eighth-century Latin Hymn ; but I have not been able to discover the original. It was one of several leaflets contributed by Philip Pusey, Algernon Herbert, and others, to the first Salisbury Hymn Book. 'O Jesu, Thou art standing,' and 'We give Thee but Thine own ' are by W. W. How. Lyte's ' Pleasant are Thy courts above/ and Miss Auber's 'O praise our great and gracious Lord' are founded respectively on Psalms lxxxiv. and cv. The omission of two stanzas in Bishop Wordsworth's 'O Lord of heaven and earth and sea,' as given in ' Hymns Ancient and Modern,' provoked considerable dis- 1 kotov re Kcd Kafiarop. 2 Alleluia piis edite laudibus. n8 English Hymnology. pleasure from the author. Sir H. Baker wrote for the Appendix ' The King of Love my Shepherd is/ founded on Psalm xxiii. Faber's 1 O Paradise, O Paradise ' has a curious tinge of Calvinism in its sixth stanza — 1 ' I greatly long to see The special place my dearest Lord Is destining for me ! " C. Wesley's ' Rejoice, the Lord is King/ and l Shepherd Divine, our wants relieve ' are well-known and popular hymns, as is also Cowper's ' What various hindrances we meet/ ' Sing praise to God, Who reigns above ' is Miss Cox's translation from J. J. Schiitz. 1 Godfrey Thring wrote ' Saviour, Blessed Saviour/ Thomas Kelly is the author of ' The Head that once was crowned with thorns/ ' The Church's one Foundation ' is from the Rev. S. J. Stone's i Lyra Fidelium/ ' Thine Arm, O Lord, in days of old/ by the Rev.E. H. Plumptre, is suitable for use when a Hospital claims the Offertory. ' Thine for ever, God of Love ' was contributed to the first S. P. C. K. hymn book, by Mary Fawler Maude. The Rev. W. Bright's hymn, ' We know Thee Who Thou art/ is a good hymn in spite of the somewhat incongruous associations inseparable from its first line. If some parts of these papers seem to be little more than a mere catalogue of lines and names, I must remind my readers that without an enormous extension of space it was impossible to make them otherwise. I have carefully avoided reprinting hymns here to which most of those who are interested in hymnology would certainly have ready access. And, on the other hand, I have usually refrained from giving such biographical details as have already been published by Josiah Miller in his ' Singers and Songs of the Church/ or by Dr. Rogers in his "Lyra Br it annual One concluding remark I must make on what seems to me a chief source of strength in our recent English Hymnology. It represents the union of many dif- ferent elements, not merely old and new, foreign and native, heaped together, but, what is much more to the purpose, hymns suited alike 1 Sety Srft unt> @I)t' fccm ^od;ften ®ut. English Hymnology. 119 to every class of society, every order of intellectual ability. This could not have come as the growth of a single age, or as the product of one single movement of religious feeling, or Church reform. But just as the Wesleys united in some degree the various merits of Ken, Addison, and Watts, so on a larger scale the hymns of Keble, Neale, Caswall, Sir H. Baker, I. Williams, Mrs. Alexander, Bonar, Faber, Dix, and a score of others, have united the merits of nearly all their predecessors. Simple, but not meagre ; plain, but not childish \ true, but not common-place \ exalted, but not stilted : such are the hymns of which our precious store is day by day increasing, and if some other contributions be in comparison worthless and poor, yet surely there is enough to excite our thankfulness, enough to awaken our earnest prayer, that He Who has been pleased to bestow upon us these treasures may give us grace always to use them to His honour and glory. INDEX TO FIRST LINES, ENGLISH. the PAGE Abide among us with Thy Grace . 8 Abide with me ; fast falls the eventide Above the starry spheres . . . According to Thy gracious Word A few more years shall roll . . 12 Again the circling seasons tell . . , Again the Lord's Own Day is here , Ah ! this heart is void and chill A hymn for martyrs sweetly sing A hymn of glory let us sing A living stream, as crystal clear All Creation groans and travails Alleluia, Alleluia ! Finished is battle now Alleluia, Alleluia ! Hearts to Heaven and voices raise .... Alleluia, Alleluia ! The battle now is done Alleluia ! I believe Alleluia ! Praise the Lord . . Alleluia, sing to Jesus . . . Alleluia ! Song of sweetness All glory, laud, and honour. . All hail ! Adored Trinity . . All hail, Redeemer of mankind All hail the power of Jestj's name All is bright and cheerful round us 38 All people that on earth do dwell All praise to Thee, my God, this night All ye Gentile lands, awake . . All ye who seek for sure relief . . Almighty God, Thy Word is cast Almighty God, Whose only Son Almighty Lord, before Thy Throne Although the vine its fruit deny And art Thou coming, Lord, once more And now, my soul, canst thou forget And now the wants are told, that brought 7 And wilt Thou pardon Lord . . . 21 An exile for the faith 15 Angels from the realms of glory . . 12 Angels, from your blissful station . 12 Angels, lament ; behold your God . 26 6 37 52 57 37 5 109 15 34 no 16 101 20 59 69 69 93 PAGE Angels of peace, look down from heaven and mourn 26 Anointed One ! Thy work is done . 34 A pilgrim and a stranger .... 109 Approach, my soul, the mercy-seat . 90 Arise, my soul, my joyful powers. . 89 Arise, the kingdom is at hand . . n Arm of the Lord ! awake, awake . 59 Around the throne in circling band . 42 Around Thy grave, Lord Jesus . . 55 Art thou weary, art thou languid . .117 As now the sun's declining rays . . 6 A soldier's course, from battles won no As panting in the sultry beam ... 72 As pants the hart for cooling streams 72 As pants the wearied hart for cooling springs 72 As the sun doth daily rise .... 6 As when the weary traveller gains . 97 As with gladness men of old ... 17 At even, ere the sun was set . . . 6 At the Cross, her station keeping. . 25 At the Lamb's high feast we sing. . 30 At Thy Transfiguration, Lord . . 41 A type of those bright rays on high . 41 Author of lost man's Salvation. . . 35 Awake, my soul, and with the sun . 2 Awake, O man, and from thee shake 21 Away with sorrow's sigh . . . . 13 Before Jehovah's awful Throne . . 74 Before the ending of the day ... 6 Begone, unbelief, my Saviour is near 97 Behold and see Christ's chosen Saint 43 ! Behold an Israelite indeed .... 41 I Behold me unprotected stand . . . jj I Behold the accepted time appear . . 21 Behold the Book, whose leaves dis- play 116 Behold the glories of the Lamb . . 42 Behold the Lamb 96 Behold the Lamb of God .... 96 Behold the messengers of Christ . 46 Behold the morning sun .... 3 Behold us, Lord, before Thee met . 55 122 Index. Be present, ye faithful . . Bethlehem hath opened Eden Be Thou my Guardian and my Guide Beyond the star-lit sky . . Bishop of the souls of men Blessed are they whose hearts are pure Blessed City, heavenly Salem . Blessed Father ! Great Creator Blessed feasts of blessed martyrs Blessed Jesus, here we stand . Blessed Saviour, Who hast taught me Blest are the pure in heart . Blest be, O Lord, the Grace of Love Blest be the dear uniting Love Blest Creator of the Light . . . Blest Trinity, from mortal sight Blest, who, far from all mankind Borne as an arrow from the bow . Bread of Heaven, on Thee I feed Bread of the world, in mercy broken Brethren, arise Bride of the Lamb, awake ! awake Brief life is here our portion . . Brightest and best of the sons of the morning Brightly gleams our banner [Bright Queen of Saints ! God's Virgin Spouse Bright the vision that delighted . . Bright was the guiding star that led Brother, now thy toils are o'er Brother, thou art gone before us Buried in heathen darkness lay By precepts taught of ages past By the Cross, sad vigil keeping Captains of the saintly band . Cease, my soul, thy strayings . Cease, ye tearful mourners Cephas and Peter, — heaven-taug name . Child, amidst the flowers at play Children of light,, arise and shine Children of men, rejoice and sing Children of the Heavenly King , Christian child, awake ! arise ! Christian children, hear me . , Christian, dost thou see them . . Christians, awake ! salute the happy morn Christian, seek not yet repose . Christ is gone up : yet ere He passed Christ is our Corner-stone Christ is risen ! Alleluia . Christ, of the holy angels light and gladness Christ's everlasting messengers . Christ sits at His Own Board . lit 13 104 117 66 27 97 47 68 46 54 55 18 38 102 7 38 90 93 52 52 no in 104 16 87] 42 17 57 57 39 21 2 5 45 92 57 40 68 in 3i 68 69 66 21 13 117 58 47 33 42 46 5 1 PAGE Christ the Lord is risen again . . 32 Christ the Lord is risen to-day, — Christians 32 Christ the Lord is risen to-day, — Sons of men 33 49 3 56 70 109 109 55 58 58 5 37 Christ, we turn our eyes to Thee Christ, Whose glory fills the skies . Christ will gather in His Own . . Come and behold the works of God Come, Brethren, let us go . . . . Come, Brothers, let us onward . Come Father, Son, and Holy Ghost 55 Come forth, my heart, and seek delight 109 Come Gracious Spirit, Heavenly Dove 37 Come, Holy Ghost, Creator Blest 36, Come Holy Ghost, Eternal God . Come, Holy Ghost, our souls inspire* 36, Come, Holy Ghost, Who ever One Come, Holy Spirit, Come . . . Come Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, My sinful 37 Come Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, With all 37 Come, let us join our cheerful songs 42, no Come, let us join our friends above 45. 57» no Come, let us praise the Name of God 8 Come, Lord, and tarry not . . Come, Lord Jesus, quickly come Come, my soul, and let us dwell . Come, O come ! in pious lays . . Come, O Jesu, to Thy Table . . Come, pure hearts, in sweetest mea- sures Come, see the place where Jesus lay Come sing with holy gladness Come, Thou Holy Paraclete . Come, Thou Holy Spirit, come Come to Thy Temple, Lord . . Come unto Me, ye weary . . . Come, we that love the Lord . . Come ye faithful, raise the anthem Come ye faithful, raise the strain Come, ye saints, look here and wonder Come, ye thankful people, come . Come, ye that love the Lord Commit thy way to God . . . Conquering kings their titles take . 16 Correct us, Lord, we know it good 71 Creator of the rolling flood ... 40 Creator of the starry height ... 11 Creator of the world, to Thee . . ' 19 Creator Spirit ! by Whose aid . . 36 Crowned with immortal jubilee . . 39 12 98 93 48 53 46 34 67 37 37 98 67 102 117 29 34 70 102 Index. 123 Crown Him with many crowns • "7 Day of anger, that dread Day . . 9 [Day of wrath ! O day of mourning . 9] Day of wrath, that awful Day . . 9 Days and moments quickly flying . 56 Dead to life, yet loth to die ... 98 Deathless principle, arise . . 57, 90 Deign this union to approve ... 56 Depart, my child ! the Lord thy spirit calls 68 Disposer Supreme 45 Draw near, O Son of God, draw near 58 Draw near, thou lowly Christian . 27 Draw nigh, all ye faithful .... 13 Draw nigh, and take the Body of the Lord 51 Dread Jehovah, God of nations . 69 Dread Sovereign, let my evening song 89 Earth has many a noble city . . Ere the waning light decay . . Eternal Father ! strong to save Eternal Monarch, King most high Eternal Source of every joy . . Exalted high at God's Right Hand Eye hath never seen the glory . 16 6 58 34 72 112 106 Fain would my thoughts fly up to Thee 88 Fair art Thou, bright and fair . . 72 Faith adds new charms to earthly bliss 97 Faith is a living power from heaven 98 Faith is the dawning of a day . . 96 Fall down, ye nations, and adore . 59 Far and near, Almighty Word . . 59 Far from my heavenly home ... 77 Far from these narrow scenes of night in Far from the world, O Lord, I flee . 90 Far from Zion, far from home . . jj Fast fall the sands of time .... 106 Father, by Thy Love and Power . 6 Father, I know that all my life . . 92 Father, I my robes would keep . 64 Father, in the Name I pray . . 90 Father of Heaven, Whose love pro- found 38 Father of mercies, hear .... 21 Father of mercies, in Thy Word . 115 Father, Son, and Holy Ghost . 55 Fear not, O little flock, the foe . . 98 Fierce raged the tempest o'er the deep 97 First of martyrs, thou whose name . 14 Fling out the banner ! let it float . . 59 For all Thy saints, O Lord ... 44 For all Thy saints, who from their labours rest 45 For ever with the Lord 112 For man the Saviour shed .... 46 PAGE For thee, O dear, dear Country . . 104 For Thee, O God, our constant praise (n.v.) 72 For the fount of Life eternal is my thirsting spirit fain 106 For the fount of Life eternal longs the soul with eager thirst 106 Forth in Thy Name, O Lord, I go . 3 For Thy dear saint, O Lord (Mant) 44 For Thy Mercy and Thy Grace . . 16 Forty days and forty nights ... 23 Fountain of Good, to own Thy Love 102 Fountain of Mercy, God of Love . 70 Four Rivers from one holy Fount arise 42 From all Thy saints in warfare . . 45 From every earthly pleasure . . .111 From Greenland's icy mountains . . 59 From hidden source arising ... 46 From ' highest Heaven the Eternal Son. 101 From Sion's hill my help descends . 76 Full of .Mercy, full of Love . ... 88 'Gainst what foemen art thou rushing Gentle Jesus, meek and mild . Gentlest lamb of Jesu's fold . Gently, gently lay Thy rod . . Give us Thy blessed peace, God of all Might Glad sight ! The holy Church . . Glorious things of thee are spoken Glory and laud and honour . . Glory be to Jesus Glory to Thee, my God, this night Glory to Thee, O 'Lord .... Glory to the Father give . . . God' Eternal, Lord of all . . . God from on high hath heard . God has a family on earth . . . God, in the Gospel of His Son . God is gone up with a merry noise God is my strong Salvation . . God is so good that He will hear God moves in a mvsterious way . God of Grace, O let Thy light . God of Mercy, God of Grace . God of my life, to Thee I call . . God of my life, what just return . God the Father, from Thy Throne God the Father, Whose Creation . God the Lord has heard our prayer God, Who madest earth and heaven Go forth, my heart, and seek delight 109 Good and pleasant 'tis to see . . . 102 Go to dark Gethsemane 27 Go up, go up, my heart 102 Gracious Saviour, gentle Shepherd. 68 Gracious Spirit, Holy Ghost . 20, 37 18 68 68 7 1 69 55 73 24 27 2 x 5 67 101 33 72 65 90 59 73 69 90 34 70 70 4 I2 4 Index. PAGE Greatest of prophets, messenger ap- pointed 40 Great God ! What do I see and hear ! 11 Great God, Who hid from mortal sight 7 Great God, with wonder and with praise 115 Great is the Lord our God . . .72 Great King of nations, hear our prayer 69 Great Mover of all hearts, Whose Hand 8, 20 Great Shepherd of Thy ransomed flock 53 Guide me, O Thou great Jehovah . no Hail ! Day of days, in peals of praise 32 Hail ! Fle"sh of Christ the Regal . 51 Hail, gladdening Light 7 Hail, gracious Source of every good 72 Hail, martyr sweets deflowered . . 15 Hail, sacred Salem, placed on high . no Hail the day that sees Him rise . . 35 Hail to the Lord's Anointed ... 16 Happy soul, thy days are ended . 57, 90 Hark ! a thrilling voice is sounding . n Hark ! hark ! my soul, angelic songs are swelling 92 Hark ! how all the welkin rings . . 12 Hark, my soul, how every thing . . 88 Hark, my soul ! it is the Lord . . 90 Hark ! ten thousand harps and voices 112 Hark ! the glad sound ! the Saviour comes n, 44 Hark ! the herald angels sing . 12, 30 Hark, the song of Jubilee .... 60 Hark, the sound of holy voices . . 44 Hark ! the Voice of Love and Mercy 27 Hark ! what mean yon holy voices . 12 Have mercy, Lord, on me. ... 23 Hear what God the Lord hath spo- ken 81 Heavenly Father, send Thy blessing 68 Heavenward doth our journey tend . 109 He cometh, — on yon hallowed Board 52 He is risen, He is risen 33 Here brief is the sighing, and brief is the crying, etc 105 Here, O my Lord, I see Thee face to face 52 Here we suffer grief and pain ... 68 He's gone ; see where His Body lay . 34 He Who once in righteous vengeance 26 Hierusalem, my happy Home . . . 107 High in yonder realms of light . .111 High let us swell our tuneful notes . 14 His Light my Guide ! His Law my Rule! 116 His trial o'er, and now beneath . . 27 PAGE Holiest, breathe an evening blessing . 6 Holy Bible, Book Divine . . . .115 Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness . . 37 Holy Ghost, Illuminator .... 36 Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord .... 38 Holy, Holy, Holy! Lord God Al- mighty 38 Holy Spirit, in my breast ... 20 Hope of our hearts ! O Lord, appear 12 Hope of those that have none other . 98 Hosanna to the living Lord ... 24 How amiable, how fair 73 How are Thy servants blest, O Lord 75 How beauteous are their feet 46, 60$, 80 How beautiful the sight 76 How blessed is the force of prayer . 40 How blest are hearts which Christ the Lord 56 How blest the matron, who endued . 47 How blest were they who walked in love. 20 How brief the story of man's first estate 20 How bright those glorious spirits shine 44 How dreadful is this place ! God's House * ... 42 How glorious is our Heavenly King. 65 How honoured, how dear .... 73 How lovely are Thy dwellings fair . 73 How lovely is Thy dwelling-place . 73 How mean ye thus by weeping . . 91 How precious is the Book Divine. . 115 How sweet the name of Jesus sounds 90 How welcome was the call .... 56 Hues of the rich unfolding morn . . 3 Humbly I adore Thee, hidden Deity 50 Humbly now, with deep contrition . 23 I am baptized into Thy Name. . . 55 I bore with thee long weary days and nights 101 I come to Thee once more, my God. 92 If there be any special thing ... 22 If there be that skills to reckon . . 106 I heard the Voice of Jesus say . . 59 I hear the tempest's awful sound . . 90 I know in Whom I put my trust . . 98 I lay my sins on Jesus 59 I love the little snowdrop flower . . 63 I love the sacred Book of God. . .115 In days of old on Sinai 41 I need Thee, precious Jesus . . .117 In garments dight of virgin white . 30 In grief and fear to Thee, O Lord . 69 In solemn course, as holy lore . . . 21 In sorrow and distress 23 Inspirer and Hearer of prayer ... 42 Inspirer of the ancient seers . . .115 hid ex. 12: In the bonds of Death He lay . . In the hour of trial In the Lord's atoning Grief . . In the midst of life behold . . . In the Name of God the Father In the sun and moon and stars . In the wilderness prepare ye, etc. In thraldom's lonely woe . . . In Thy glorious Resurrection . In time of Tribulation .... In token that thou shalt not fear . In vain my fancy strives to paint . It came upon the midnight clear . I thank the goodness and the grace I think, when I read that sweet story of old I was a wandering sheep . . I was wandering and weary I worship Thee, Lord Jesu . , Jehovah, let me know mine end Jerusalem Divine Jerusalem, my happy home Jerusalem on high Jerusalem the golden .... Jerusalem, thou city built on high Jerusalem, thou city fair and high Jerusalem, thou city towering high Jesu, for the beacon-light . . . Jesu, gentlest Saviour .... Jesu, God of Love, attend. . . Jesu, grant me this, I pray. . . Jesu, highest heaven's Completene. Jesu ! how sweet those accents are Jesu, Lord, Thy praise we sing Jesu, Lord, Thy servants see Jesu, Lover of my soul . Jesu, meek and gentle . Jesu, meek and lowly . Jesu, most loving One . Jesu ! my Lord, my God, my Jesu ! now Thy new-made soldier Jesu, Redeemer, from on high . Jesus calls us o'er the tumult . . Jesus Christ is risen to-day ! Alleluia Jesus, I my cross have taken . Jesus is God : — the solid earth Jesus lives ! — No longer now . Jesus, Lord of Life and glory Jesus, Lord of Life Eternal '. Jesus, Lord, we look to Thee Jesus, my Lord, how rich Thy Grace Jesus my Redeemer lives . . Jesus ! X ame of wondrous Love Jesu, Solace of my soul . Jesus shall reign where'er the sun 59 Jesus, still lead on ... . Jesus, tender Shepherd, hear m Jesus, Thou Joy of loving hearts 51, All PAGE 33 96 2 5 57 53 81 40 77 33 73 54 57 13 65 68 59 59 67 107 no io 5 108 107 107 47 53 102 23 100 99 54 101 67 IOI 59 53 55 14 12 33 9i 19 32 117 35 102 102 32 28 101 1 73 99 68 100 PAGE Jesus, Thy Love unbounded . . .101 Jesus, Whom Thy Church doth own 51 Jesu ! the very thought is sweet . . 99 Jesu, the very thought of Thee . . 99 Jesu, the Virgins' Crown, do Thou . 47 Jesu, the world's redeeming Lord . 32 Jesu, Thou art my Righteousness . 90 Jesu, Thy boundless love to me . . 90 Jesu, Thy mercies are untold ... 99 Jesu, to Thy Table led 53 Joy to the world ; the Lord is come . 73 Judaea's desert heard a sound ... 40 Just as I am, without one plea. . . 91 King Eternal, Power unbounded . . 34 King of Comforts, King of Life . . 86 King of Glory, King of Peace. . . 85 King of Mercy, King of Love. . . 88 Lamb of God, Whose bleeding Love 52 Lamb of God, Whose dying Love . 52 Lamp of our feet, whereby we trace . 115 Laud, O Sion, thy Salvation ... 50 Lead, kindly Light, amid the encir- cling gloom 117 Lend, O lend me wings to send me . 10 1 Lend Thy Wings, O Holy Doa'E . 101 Let all mortal flesh keep silence . . 51 Let children, Lord, Thy Presence seek 66 Let every heart exulting beat ... 16 Let every mortal ear attend . . .115 Let others court what joy they please 88 Let our choir new anthems raise 44. 46 Let saints on earth in concert sing 45. 57 Let this our solemn Feast .... 50 Let us rise in early morning ... 29 Let us with a gladsome mind . , . 77 Light of the world ! O shine on us . 59 Light's Abode, Celestial Salem . . 106 Light's glittering morn bedecks the sky 29 Little children, dwell in love . . . 102 Lo ! crowds of mourners press . . 17 Lo, from the desert homes .... 39 Lo ! He comes with clouds descend- ing 10 Long did I toil, and knew no earthly rest 91 Lo, now is our accepted day ... 21 Look down, O Lord ! and on our youth 55 Look in pity, Lord of Glory ... 55 Look, ye saints, the sight is glorious 112 Lord, a. Saviour's love displaying . 59 Lord, as to Thy dear Cross we flee 102 Lord, before Thy Throne we bend 76 126 Index. PAGE Lord, for ever at Thy side . . . 76 Lord, how delightful 'tis to see . . 65 Lord, I confess before Thy Face . 65 Lord, in the desert bleak and bare . 23 Lord, in this Thy mercy's Day . . 22 Lord, in Thy Name Thy servants plead 34 Lord Jesus, God and Man ... 68 Lord Jesus, when we stand afar . 97 Lord of earth's wide realms, alone . 71 Lord of earth, Thy forming Hand . 111 Lord of glory, Who hast bought us 117 Lord of mercy and of might ... 22 Lord of our life and God of our salvation 117 Lord of the Harvest, once again . 70 Lord of the Harvest, Thee we hail 70 Lord of the worlds above . . . 73 Lord, pour Thy Spirit from on high 58 Lord, Thy children guide and keep 67 Lord, Thy Word abideth . . . .116 Lord, when before Thy Throne we meet 53 Lord, when we bend before Thy Throne 22 Lo, round the throne, a glorious band 44 Lo ! the Angels' food is given ... 50 Lo, the Feast is spread to-day . . 53 Lo ! the glad morn is come . 33 Lo the lilies of the field 81 Love is the Lord whom I obey . . 90 Love, Who in the first beginning . 92 Lo, what a glorious sight appears . in Master (will we ever say) . . . . 35 Memory of the blest departed . . 38 Mighty Father ! Blessed Son . . 38 Mine anguish and my woe .... 76 Morn of morns and Day of days . . 4 Most ancient of all mysteries ... 38 Most High and Holy Trinity . . 38 Much in sorrow, oft in woe ... 48 My dear Redeemer and my Lord . 115 My faith looks up to Thee .... 101 My Father's Home eternal . . .106 My God, accept my heart this day . 55 My God and Father, while I stray 91 My God, and is Thy Table spread . 51 My God, how endless is Thy Love . 3 My God, how wonderful Thou art 101, in My God, I love Thee ; — not because 26 My God, in W r hom are all the springs 72 My God, I thank Thee, Who -hast made 92 My God, my Father, while I stray 91 PAGE My God, my King ...... 75 My God, to Thee ourselves we owe . 88 [My joy, my life, my crown (Herbert), — quoted} 85 My Lord and God, Whose gracious Hand 91 My Saviour and my King ... 72 My soul, praise the Lord (Cams Wilson) 75 My soul, praise the Lord (O. V.) . 74 My soul, praise the Lord (Churton) 75 Mv soul, praise the Lord (Thomas Park) 78 My Soul, there is a Countrie ... 88 My spirit on Thy care 72 My thirsty soule desires her drought 84 Nay, 'tis not what we fancied it . .110 Nearer, my God, to Thee .... 97 New every morning is the love . . 3 New wonders of Thy mighty Hand . 8 Night ! how I love thy silent shades 90 No Gospel like this feast .... 53 No longer Thou in human form ■ . 27 Nor eye has seen, nor ear has heard in No songs shall break our gloom to- day 101 Not by the martyr's death alone . . 47 Not for three or four transgressions . 23 Not in anything we do 96 Not unto us, but Thee alone ... 75 Now fain my joyous heart would sing 108 Now lay we calmly in the grave . . 56 Now let me close mine eyes ... 92 Now morning lifts her dewy veil . . 4 Now, my soul, thy voice upraising . 26 Now, my tongue, the Mystery telling 50 Now our work of love is done ... 55 Now severed is Jordan 48 Now thank we all our God .... 70 Now that the daylight fills the sky . 4 Now the day is over 67 Now to our Saviour let us raise . 53 Now with the slow revolving year . 2j O Blessed Day, when first was poured . 15 O blessed saint of snow-white purity 40 O blessed Sun, whose Splendour . . 91 O bread, to pilgrims given . . . . 51 O Captain of God's Host, Whose dreadful might ....*.. ,42 O Christ, our Hope, our heart's Desire 34 O Christ, Redeemer of our race . 14 O Christ, that art the Light and Day 21 Index. 127 PAGE O Christ, the heavens' Eternal King 32 O Christ, Thou Son of Alary . . 43 O Christ, Who art the Light and Day . . 21 O Christ, Who dost prepare a place 35 O Christ, Who hast prepared a place 35 O come ! all ye faithful 13 O come and mourn with me awhile . 27 O come, loud anthems let us sing . 73 O come ! O come ! Emmanuel . . 10 O come to the merciful Saviour that calls you 59 O Day most calm, most bright . . 85 O Day of rest and gladness ... 5 O death, the change of earthly things S7 O disclose Thy lovely face .... 3 O'er the distant mountains breaking 98 O'er the gloomy hills of darkness . 60 O'er the realms of pagan darkness . 60 O'erwhelmed in depths of woe . . 26 O Everlasting Light 99 O Father-Eye, that hath so truly watched 92 O FATHER-Heart Who hast created all 54 O Father of mercies, O Spirit of Love 70 O Father, Who didst all things make 6 O Father, Whose Almighty Hand . 70 O Food that weary pilgrims love . . 51 O for a closer walk with God ... 90 O for a heart to praise my God . . 90 O for the peace that floweth as a river 12 Oft as the bell, with solemn toll . . 57 Of the Father's Love begotten . . 14 O glorious Paradise ! O lovely clime ! 103 O God, bow down Thine Ear on earth 67 O God by WTiom the seed is given . 20 O God, from Thee alone . . . . 59 O Godhead hid, devoutly I adore Thee 50 O God, in Whose all-searching Eye 55 O God, my Strength and Fortitude 71 O God, of all the strength and power 5 O God of Bethel, by W T hose Hand . 79 O God of Hosts, the mighty Lord . 73 O God of Jacob, by WTiose Hand . 79 O God of Life, Whose Power benign 38 O God of Love, how blest are they . 72 O God of Love, O King ot Peace . 69 O God of Mercy,. God of Love . . 69 O God of truth,' O Lord of might . 5 O God, our help in ages past . . 57, 73 PAGE O God the Sox Eternal, Thy dread might 42 O God, Thy soldiers' great Reward . 46 O God unseen, yet ever near ... 52 O God, we raise our hearts to Thee . 58 O God, Who lovest to abide ... 47 O God, Who metest in Thine Hand 58 O Guardian of the Church Divine . 58 O Guide of faithful Israel .... 55 O had I, my Saviour, the wings of a dove 72 O happy band of pilgrims . . . .117 O happy day, that fixed my choice . 56 O happy is the man who hears . . 79 O happy saints, who dwell in light . no Oh, could we pilgrims raise our eyes in O heavenly Jerusalem 44 O heavenly W'ord, eternal Light . n O help us, Lord, each hour of need 96 Oh for an hymn of universal praise . 78 Oh for the robes of whiteness . . .111 Oh! happy land above no Oh, how could I forget Him ... 51 Oh, how I long to reach my home . in O Holy Lord, content to dwell . . 68 O Holy Lord, content to live ... 68 O Holy Saviour, Friend unseen . . 91 O how many hours of beauty . . .109 Oh ! Paradise must show more fair . 108 Oh, that the Lord's Salvation. . . 60 Oh, the Mystery, passing wonder . 49 Oh, what, if we are Christ's ... 46 Oh, what unbounded Zeal and Love 23 Oh, who are they so pure and bright 57 Oh ! who shall dare in this frail scene 38 Oh, why should Israel's sons, once blest 60 O Jesu, bruised and wounded more 52 O Jesu Christ, if aught there be . 22 O Jesu, God and Man 68 O Jesu, Lord of Light and Grace . 5 O Jesu, once for sinners slain ... 52 O Jesu, O Redeemer 43» 93 O Jesu, Source of sanctity .... 45 O Jesu sweet, grant that Thy grace . 8^ O Jesu, Thou art standing .' . . . 117 O Lamb of God, Whose Love Divine 47 O Light, Whose beams illumine all . 68 O living Bread from heaven ... 51 O Lord, a wondrous story . . . . 68 O Lord, how happy should we be . 96 O Lord, in perfect bliss above . . 19 O Lord, I would delight in Thee . 97 O Lord most high, Eternal King . 34 O Lord, my best desire fulfil ... 90 O Lord, my heart is sick .... 92 128 Index. PAGE O Lord of heaven, and earth, and sea 117 O Lord of Hosts, Whose glory fills. 47 O Lord, our Lord, in all the world 71 O Lord, Thou knowest all the snares 97 O Lord, turn not Thy face from me 22 O Lord, Who in Thy Love Divine . 58 O Lord, Who on that last sad eve . 51 O Love Divine, how sweet thou art . 90 O Love ! how deep ! how broad ! how high 100 O Love, Who formedst me to wear . 92 O Maker of the world, give ear . . 20 O merciful Creator, hear .... 20 Once again the radiant morning . . 63 Once in royal David's city .... 62 Once more, my soul, the rising day . 89 Once more the solemn season calls . 21 Once, only once, and once for all . 53 On Jordan's bank the Baptist's cry . 10 On Jordan's stormy banks I stand . no On that Day, that Day of ire . . . 9 On the fount of Life eternal gazing wistful and athirst 106 On the mountain's top appearing . . 60 On this Day, the first of days ... 5 Onward, Christian soldiers .... 48 O Paradise eternal 112 O Paradise, O Paradise 118 Open, Lord, my inward ear ... 90 O plead my cause, my SAVIOUR, plead 72 O praise our great and gracious Lord 117 O praise the Lord benign . . . . 77 O praise the Lord, for He is Love . jj O praise ye the Lord, prepare your glad voice 78 O praise ye the Lord with heart and with voice 78 O quickly come, dread Judge of all 12 O Sacred Head, now wounded . . 25 O Sacred Head, surrounded ... 25 O Saviour, now at God's Right Hand 53 O Saviour of our earthly race. . . 43 O Saviour, Who for men hast trod 34 O Shepherd of the sheep. . . . . 47 O sing to the Lord, sing out a new strain 78 O sinner, lift the eye of Faith ... 26 O Sion, open wide thy gates ... 18 O sons and daughters, let us sing. . 31 O Spirit of the Living God ... 59 O Thou from Whom all goodness flows 96 O Thou, the contrite Sinner's Friend 91 O Thou the heavens' Eternal King . 32 O Thou, to Whose all searching sight 99 PAGE O Thou, Who earnest from above . 102 O Thou, Who dost to man accord . 21 O Thou Who makest souls to shine . 58 O timely happy, timely wise ... 6 O Trinity of Blessed Light ... 3 Our Blest Redeemer, ere He breathed 37 Our glorious home above . . . .110 Our God in glory sits on high . . 64 Our God is Love, and all His Saints 102 Our God, our help in ages past 57, 73 Our hearts and voices let us raise . 55 Our life is often dark 69 Our Lord is risen from the dead . 72 Out of the deep I call 22 Out of the depths of woe .... 76 O what the joy and the glory must be 116 O wondrous type, O vision fair . . 41 O Word of God above 47 O worship the King 74 O ye immortal throng 42 O ye, your Saviour's Name who bear 102 O Zion, when Thy Saviour came . 60 Pleasant are Thy courts above . .117 Pour down Thy Spirit, gracious Lord 115 Pour out Thy Spirit from on high . 58 Praise and thanks to Thee be sung . 42 Praise God, Who in the Holiest dwells 78 Praise, my soul, the King of heaven 74 Praise, O praise our God and King 70 Praise, O praise our Heavenly King 70 Praise the Lord, for He is Love . jj Praise the Lord ! Rejoice ye Gentiles ! 12 Praise the Lord ! ye heavens adore Him 78 Praise to God, immortal praise . . 70 Praise to God Who reigns above . 42 Praise to the Holiest in the height . 117 Praise to the Paschal Victim bring . 32 Praise we the Lord this day ... 28 Praise ye the Lord, for good is He . 75 Precious Bible ! What a treasure ! .115 Prepare a new song, Jehovah to praise 78 Raise, raise thine eyes a little way . 26 Rejoice, all ye believers 98 Rejoice ! the Lord is King . . . .118 Rejoice, ye pure in heart .... 48 Resting from His Work to-day . 8, 27 Rest of the weary 98 Ride on, ride on in Majesty ... 24 Rise high, ye notes, a glad ovation . 56 Rock of Ages, cleft for me . . 27, 95 Round roll the weeks our hearts to greet 37 Round the Lord in glory seated (Mant.) 4 2 Indi x 129 Ruler of the hosts of light 36 Sabbath of the saints of old ... 27 Saints of God, whom faith united . 43 Saints, the glorious Mother greeting 40 Save me by Thy glorious Name . . 72 Saviour, above all heavens ascended high 53 Saviour, again to Thy dear Name we raise 7 Saviour, Blessed Saviour . . .118 Saviour, sprinkle many nations . . 59 Saviour, when in dust to Thee . . 23 Saviour, while we dwell securely . 46 Saviour, Who Thy flock art feeding 55 See, He comes ! Whom every nation 12 Seeing I am Jesu's lamb . . . . 6y See the Conqueror mounts in triumph 35 See the destined day arise . . . .25 Set upon Sion's wall 58 Seven times our blessed Saviour spake 27 Shall we not love thee, Mother dear 28 Shepherd Divine, our wants relieve . 118 Shepherd of Thine Israel, lead us .no Sing Alleluia forth in duteous praise 117 Sing 4 my soul, the Eternal's praise . 74 Sing, my tongue, the glorious battle 25 Sing, my tongue, the Saviour's Glory 50 Sing, O sing this blessed morn . . 13 Sing praise to God, W T ho reigns above 118 Sing the song unheard before . . 73 Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice 74 Sing we triumphant hymns of praise 34 Sion's daughter, weep no more . . 26 Sitting at receipt of customs . , . 41 Six days of labour now are past . . 8 Soldiers of Christ ! arise . ... 55 Soldiers, who are Christ's below . 46 Songs of praise the Angels sang . . 102 Songs of thankfulness and praise . 17 Sox of God, Incarnate Word . . 52 Son of the Highest, deign to cast . 40 Soon and for ever 57 Soon shall the evening star, with silver ray 7 Soul of Jesus, once for me ... 27 Souls in heathen darkness lying . . 59 Sow in the morn thy seed .... 59 Spirit ! leave thine house of clay . . 90 Spirit of Mercy, Truth, and Love . ^y Spirit of Wisdom, guide Thine Own 55 Spouse of Christ, in arms contending 44 Spread, O spread, thou mighty Word 59 Stand up and bless the Lord . . . 102 Star, of morn and even 68 Stars of the morning, so gloriously bright 42 Sun of my soul, Thou Saviour dear 3 PAGE Sweetest joy the soul can know . . 37 Sweet is the Spirit's strain ... 59 Sweet place, sweet place alone . .110 Sweet Saviour, bless us ere we go . 6 Sweet the moments, rich in blessing 27 Take up thy cross, my soul, nor grieve 24 Take up thy cross, the Saviour said 23 Tell me not of earthly love . . . 109 Tender Shepherd, Thou hast stilled 57 Thank God, it hath resounded . . 70 That Day of Wrath, that dreadful Day 9 The Advent of our God .... 10 The ancient law departs .... 16 The Apostle slept — a light shone in the prison 40 The Apostles were assembled ... 66 The Ark of God in safety rode . . 58 The Banner of the Cross .... 60 The broken contrite heart oppressed 116 The choirs of ransomed Israel . . 41 The Church has waited long ... 98 The Church's one Foundation . .118 The dawn is purpling o'er the sky . 29 The dawn was purpling o'er the sky 30 The day is past and over .... 6 The day of resurrection 29 The earth, O Lord, is one great field 58 Thee, Fount of Blessing, we adore . 38 The eternal Gifts of Christ the King 45 The eternal Spirit's Gifts .... 45 Thee we adore, O hidden Saviour, Thee 50 The faithful men of every land . . 62 The fish in wave, and bird on wing . 8 The foe behind, the deep before . . 33 The God of Abraham praise . . .112 The God of glory walks His round . 81 The God of Harvest praise ... 72 The God W T hom earth, and sea, and sky 28 The great forerunner of the morn . 39 The happy morn is come .... 33 The Head that once was crowned with thorns 118 The Heavenly Child in stature grows 16 The Heavenly Word proceeding forth 50 The heavens declare His glory . . 71 The hymn for conquering martyrs raise (Neale.) 15 The King of Love my Shepherd is .118 The Lamb's high banquet called to share 30 The Lamb's high banquet we await . 30 The last and greatest herald of Heaven's King . 40 K 130 Index. PAGE The last loud trumpet's wondrous sound 9 The law commands and makes us know 115 The Life which God's Incarnate Word 15 The Lord descended from above . 71 The Lord my pasture shall prepare 71 The Lord of Might from Sinai' s brow 1 1 The Lord's eternal Gifts .... 45 The Lord Who hath redeemed our souls 72 The Lord will come ! the earth shall quake n The ocean hath no danger .... 58 The people that in darkness sat . . 17 The race that long in darkness pined 17 The radiant morn hath passed away 9 There is a blessed Home .... 109 There is a book who runs may read . 19 There is a green hill far away (Mrs. Alexander) 63 There is a happy land 68 There is a land of pure delight . .110 There is a River, pure and bright . 72 There is a stream, which issues forth no There's a Friend for little children . 68 The roseate hues of early dawn . . 3 The Royal Banners forward go . . 23 The Saviour ! what a noble flame . 23 These are the crowns that we shall wear no These glorious minds, how bright they shine 44 The Shepherd now was smitten . . 18 The solemn season calls us now . . 21 The Son of God goes forth to war . 14 The spacious firmament on high . . 71 The Spirit breathes upon the Word 115 The strain upraise of joy and praise, Alleluia 19 The strife is o'er, the battle done . . 31 The Sunday mom again is here . . 5 The sun is sinking fast 6 The sun that lights this happy day . 51 The table of my heart prepare . .115 The tomb is empty ; wouldst thou have it full 34 The tribes of Israel revered ... 41 The unfading crowns by Christ be- stowed 46 The virtues of Thy saints, O Lord . 38 The voice that breathed o'er Eden . 56 The waters were Thy path .... 52 The wise men to Thy cradle throne . 16 The Word, descending from above 50 (note) The Word of God, the Word of Truth 116 PAGE The Word, with God the Father one 15 The world is very evil 104 They are all gone into the world of Light 87 They come, God's Messengers of Love 42 The year begins with Thee . . . . 16 The year is gone beyond recall . . 16 They that toil upon the deep ... 58 Thine Arm, O Lord, in days of old . 118 Thine for ever, God of Love . . .118 Think on the mercy of our God . . 64 Thirsts my weary spirit 106 This day sent forth His heralds bold 57 This is My Body, take and eat . . 53 This is not my place of resting . .110 This is the day of light 5 This is the day the Lord hath made 75 This stone to, thee in faith we lay. . 47 Those eternal bowers 44 Thou art gone to the grave, but we will not deplore thee 57 Thou art gone up, O Lord, on high c6 Thou art gone up on high .... 35 Thou art the Way, by Thee alone . 38 Thou art the Way, to Thee alone . 38 Thou, Barnabas, hast won repose . 39 Though blossoms all from fig-trees fall 80 Though sorrows rise, and dangers roll 41 Thou glorious Sun of Righteousness 5 Thou God of Truth and Love . . 56 Thou gracious God, and kind ... 73 Thou, great Creator, art possessed . 19 Thou hallowed chosen morn of praise 29 Thou hast a temple founded ... 98 Thou hidden love of God, whose height 90 Thou Judge of quick and dead . . 12 Thou New Jerusalem, arise and shine 104 Thou spak'st the Word, and into one 8 Thou that art the Father's Word . 97 Thou that once, on mother's knee . 67 Thou,W T hoof old didst hush the storm 53 Thou, Who on that wondrous journey 102 Thou, Whose Almighty Word . . 59 Three in One and One in Three . 6 Thrice Blessed Word of God ... 64 Through all the changing scenes of life 72 Throughout this earth in stillness. . 92 Through the day Thy love hath spared us 6 Thy Cross, O Lord, the holy sign . 68 Thy kingdom come, O God ... 17 Thy Parents' arms now yield thee . 54 Thy way, not mine, O Lord ... 92 Thy W T ord, Almighty Lord . . .116 Illdcx. i.ii PAGE Thy Word, O Lord, like gentle dews 114 Thy works, not mine, O Christ . . 23 Till its holy hours are past .... 34 'Tis done ; that new and heavenly Birth . . . . - '.55 'Tis for conquering kings to gain . . 16 'Tis the day of resurrection. ... 29 To bless Thy chosen race .... 73 To Christ, the Prince of Peace . . 101 To-day in Thine Apostle shine . . 18 To-day, O Lord, a holier work . . 8 To-day, O Lord, the holy James . 41 To-day our Lord went up on high . 35 To God above from all below . . . 75 To God the only wise 80 To God thy way commending . . 109 To grace, O Lord, a marriage feast 56 To Sion's hill I lift mine eyes ... 76 To Thee, my God, Whose Presence fills 91 To Thee, O Lord, our hearts we raise 70 To Thee we come, our Saviour dear 7 To the Name of our Salvation . . 16 To the Name that brings Salvation . 16 To the Paschal Victim 32 To Thy blest courts, great God and King 55 Tribulation, pain, and woe . . . .111 True Bread of Life, in pitying mercy given ' .... 52 'Twas at evening, when the voice of greeting 63 Upon the sixth day of the week . . Up, soldiers of the Saviour's Cross 27 Victim Divine, Thy grace we claim . 52 Virgin-born, we bow before Thee . . 40 Vital spark of heavenly flame . . . 57 Wake, the welcome day appeareth . 1 1 We are but little children weak (Mrs. Alexander) 63 Weary of earth, and laden with my sin 22 We come, our hearts with gladness glowing 70 We give Thee but Thine own . . .117 We have no home but Heaven . .112 We have not seen, we cannot see. . 12 We know Thee Who Thou art . .118 Welcome, happy morning .... 32 We love the place, O God .... 102 We plough the fields and scatter . . 70 We saw Thee not when Thou didst come 96 We see no contradicting cause . . 56 We sing the praise of Him W 7 ho died 24 PAGE We speak of the realms of the blest 1 1 1 We've no abiding city here . . . . 112 We walk by faith, and not by sight . 96 We were baptized into the Saviour's death 81 We were washed in holy water . . 63 What are these arrayed in white . . 44 What are these in bright array . .112 What countless crowd on Sion stauds 44 W 7 hat happy men or angels these . . 44 What mean ye by this wailing. . . 91 What no human eye hath seen . .109 What our Father does is well . . 69 W r hat star is this with beams so bright 17 W T hat various hindrances we meet . 118 When across the heart deep waves of sorrow 99 When at Thy footstool, Lord, I bend 91 When Christ the Lord would come on earth 40 When darkness fleets, and joyful earth 21 When gathering clouds around I view 69 Wlien God of old came down from heaven 36 When, His salvation bringing ... 68 When I can read my title clear . . 89 When in the hour of utmost need . 69 When I survey the wondrous Cross . 89 When Jesus came to earth of old . n W r hen languor and disease invade . 99 When morning gilds the skies ... 4 When on Sinai's top I see .... 41 When our heads are bowed in woe . 57 When prayer delights thee least, then learn to say 94 When quiet in my house I sit . . .115 When shades of night around us close 10 When sink our hearts in famine sore 53 When the blest seed of Terah's faith- ful son 75 When the Lord of Hosts ascended . 36 When the loving Shepherd . . . . 51 When the soft dews of kindly sleep . 3 When this passing world is done . .112 When Thou, O Lord, didst send the twelve 43 When to the House of God we go . 65 When we did sit in Babylon . . . jj When we, our weary limbs to rest . jy When wounded sore, the stricken heart 97 Where high the heavenly Temple stands 79 While my Jesus I'm possessing . . 27 132 Index. PAGE While now the daylight fills the sky . 4 While shepherds watched their flocks 12 Who are these like stars appearing . 44 Who are those before God's throne . 44 Who cometh here from Edom's rocks 82 Who is this with garments gory . . 82 Whom have we, Lord, in heaven but Thee 73 Why, impious Herod, vainly fear . . 16 Why should I fear the darkest hour . 90 With all the powers my poor soul hath 88 With Christ we share a mystic grave 27, 55 With hearts in love abounding . . 72 PAGE With one consent let all the earth . 74 With Thee, Lord, will I walk by day 3 Word of Life, Thou fountain bright 114 Words of Eternal Life to me . . .116 Word supreme, before creation . . 15 Ye captains of a heavenly host . . 45 Ye choirs of New Jerusalem ... 30 Ye faithful, approach ye .... 13 Ye nations round the earth, rejoice . 74 Ye servants of a martyred Lord . . 46 Ye servants of the Lord 98 Ye sons and daughters of the King . 31 Yesterday with exultation .... 14 LATIN. Ad coenam Agni providi .... 30 Adeste, fideles 13 Adoro Te devote, latens Deitas 50, 88 Ad perennis vitas fontem mens sitivit arida 84, 106 Ad regias Agni dapes 30 Ad templa nos rursus vocat ... 4 ^Eterna Christi munera, Afiosto- lorum 45 Sterna Christi munera, Et mar- tyrum 46 ^Eterne Rex Altissime 34 Alleluia, dulce carmen 19 Alleluia piis edite laudibus . . . .117 Amor Jesu dulcissimus 99 Angulare, Fundamentum .... 47 Apparuit Benignitas 100 Arte mira, miro consilio 59 Attolle paulum lumina 25 Audi, benigne Conditor 20 Aurora ccelum purpurat 29 Aurora lucis rutilat 29 Ave ! Caro Christi Regis .... 51 Ave, colenda Trinitas 38 Beata nobis gaudia 37 Cantemus cuncti melodum nunc Alle- luia ........... 19 Chorus Novae Jerusalem .... 30 Christe Qui Lux es et Dies ... 21 Christe sanctorum Decus angelorum 42 Christi perennes nuntii 45 Clamantis ecce vox sonans . . .17, 4° Ccelestis Aulas Principes . • • • 45 Ccelestis formam gloriae 41 Ccelestis O Jerusalem 44 Ccelo datur quiescere 39 Conditor alme siderum n Corde natus ex Parentis ante mundi exordium 14 Crucem sequentes prasviam ... 89 Crudelis Herodes, Deum .... 16 Da, puer, plectrum choreis ut canam fidelibus 13 Debilis cessent elementa legis ... 16 Dei canamus Gloriam 8 Deus Tuorum militum 46 Die dierum principe 4 Die parente temporum 5 Dies Iras, Dies ilia 9 Dignare me, O Jesu, rogo Te . . 23 Divine crescebas Puer 16 Ecce Dies Celebris 33 Ecce Panis Angelorum 50 Ecce tempus idoneum 21 Ecquis binas columbinas . . . .101 En clara vox redarguit n En Dies est Dominica 5 Ex more docti mystico .... 21 Ex quo, Salus mortalium .... 46 Exsultet cor praecordiis 16 Felix Dies, quam proprio .... 15 Festum Matris gloriosae 40 Finita jam sunt praelia 31 Fortem virili pectore 47 Forti tegente Brachio 30 Gloria, laus, et honor 24 Gloriosi Salvatoris 16 Fieri mundus exsultavit 14 Herodes hostis impie 16 Hie breve vivitur, hie breve plangitur, hie breve fletur 104 Index. 133 PAGE Hodiernae Lux diei 51 Hora novissima, tempora pessima sunt, vigilemus 104 Hymnum canamus gloriae .... 34 Hymnura canentes martyrum ... 15 In Domo Patrts 106 In noctis umbra, desides 10 In Passione Domini . . . .... 25 Instantis Adventum Dei .... 10 Inter sulphurei fulgura turbinis . . 36 Ira justa Conditoris 26 Isdem creati fluctibus 8 Jam Christus astra ascenderat . . 37 Jam desinant suspiria] 12 . Jam lucis orto sidere 4 Jam sanctius moves opus .... 8 Jam sol recedit igneus 6 Jerusalem luminosa 106 Jam moesta quiesce querela ... 57 Jesu, Corona virginum 47 Jesu, Decus Angelicum 100 Jesu, Dulcedo Cordium 51 Jesu, dulcis memoria .... 51, 99 Jesu dulcissime e Throno Glorias . 59 Jesu mi dulcissime 101 Jesu, nostra Redemptio. . * . . 34 Jesu Redemptor omnium .... 14 Jesu, Salvator saeculi 32 Jordanis oras praevia 10 Jubes, et in praeceps aquis .... 8 Jucundare, plebs fidelis 46 Jussu tyranni pro Fide 15 Labente jam solis rota 6 Lapsus est annus ; redit annus alter . 16 Lauda, Syon, Salvatorem .... 50 Lucis Creator optime 7 Lugete, pacis angeli 26 Lustra sex Qui jam peregit .... 25 Matutinus altiora 6 Media, in vita, in morte sumus . . $j Miramur, O Deus, Tuae .... 8 Nee quisquam oculis vidit .... 107 Nobis, Olympo redditus 35 Non parta solo sanguine .... 47 Nunc Sancte nobis Spiritus . . 5 Nunc suis tandem novus e latebris . 39 O Amor quam exstaticus .... 100 O beata beatorum 46 O bona Patria, lumina sobria te speculantur 104 O Deus, ego amo Te 26 Q Esca viatorum ....... 51 O IHii et filiae ... .... 31 PAGE O Luce Quae Tua lates 38 O Luce Qui mortalibus 7 O Lux Beata, Tr in it as .... 6 O nata Lux de lumine 41 O nimis felix, meritique celsi ... 40 Opprobriis, Jesu, satur 27 Opus peregisti Tuum 34 O quanta qualia sunt ilia Sabbata. . 116 O qui tuo, dux martyrum .... 14 O sol salutis, intimis . . . Pange, lingua, gloriosi Corporis Pange lingua gloriosi Lauream Pastore percusso, minas . . Patris aeterni Soboles coaeva Praecursor altus Luminis Prome vocem, mens, canoram Pugnate Christi milites . Quae dixit, egit, pertulit . . Quae Stella sole pulchrior . Quern terra, pontus, aethera Quicumque certum quaeritis Quisquis valet numerare . . Quos in hostes, Saule, tendis Rebus creatis nil egens . . Recolamus sacram Ccenam Rector potens, verax Deus . Rerum Deus tenax vigor . Rex Sempiterne ccelitum 50 25 18 47 39 26 46 15 1.7 28 101 106 18 19 5i 5 5 32 Sacris solemniis juncta sint gaudia . 50 Saevo dolorum turbine 26 Salve Caput cruentatum 25 Salutis humanas Sator 35 Salve Festa Dies, toto venerabilis aevo 32 Salvete flores martyrum 15 Sancti, venite, Corpus Christi sumite 51 Solemne nos jejunii 21 Sol praeceps rapitur, proxima nox adest 6 Splendor Paternae Glorias .... 5 Sponsa Christi quae per orbem . . 45 Stabat Mater dolorosa 25 Summi Largitor praemii 21 Summi Parentis Filio . . . . 101 Summi Parentis Unice .... 41 Supreme Motor cordium . . . 8, 20 Supreme, quales, Arbiter .... 45 Supreme Rector ccelitum .... 36 Tandem peractis, O Deus .... 8 Te Deum Patrem colimus [Magd. Coll. Hymn) 38 Te laeta, mundi Conditor .... 19 Te lucis ante terminum 6 Templi sacratas pande, Syon, fores . 18 Tu Trinitatis Unitas .... 6 J 34 Judex. PAGE Urbs beata Hirusalem . . . .47,107 Urbs Syon aurea.. Patria lactea, cive decora .- . . 105 Ut queant laxis resonare fibris . . 39 Veni Creator Spiritus . . .36, 55, 58 VeniSANCTE-SPIRITUS 36 Venit e ccelo Mediator alto . . . 26 Veni, veni, Emmanuel . . . . . 10 Verbi vere substantivi 15 Verbum Dei, Deo natum .... 15 PAGE Verbum Quod ante ssecula ... 15 Verbum Supermini prodiens, A Patre n Verbum Supermini prodiens, Nee. . 50 Vexilla Regis prodeunt ..... 23 Victims Paschali laudes .... 32 Victis sibi cognomina ..... 16 Vos ante Christi tempora. ... 20 Zyma vetus expurgetur . . . . . 33 FRENCH. Heureux, qui, loin de tout le monde . 90 L' Amour me tient asservie . . . . 90 Nuit, que vous metes favorable . . 90 Tous sont obliges de T 'aimer . . . 90 GREEK. 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