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 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/eventsinparisdurOObost 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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 EVENTS 
 
 IN PARI 
 
 % 
 
 THE 26, 27, 28 AND 29 OF JULY, 1830, 
 
 BY SEVERAL EYE WITNESSES. 
 
 CONTINUED UNTIL THE OATH OF LOUIS PHILIP I, AND AUG- 
 MENTED BY THE CHARTER, WITH THE NEW MODIFICATIONS, 
 BY SEVERAL INTERESTING ARTICLES, AND THE MARCHE 
 PARISIENNE, BY MR. CASIMIR DELAVIGNE, WITH THE MUSIC, 
 AND HIS LATEST MESSe'nIENNE. 
 
 TRANSLATED 
 
 FROM 
 
 THE FOURTH PARIS EDITION. 
 
 BOSTOJN : 
 
 PUBLISHED BY CARTER AND HENDEE. 
 
 BALTIMORE, CHARLES CARTER. 
 
 1830. 
 
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT* 
 District Clerk's Office. 
 
 Be it Remembered, that on the twenty sixth day of November* 
 A. D. 1830, in the fiftyfifth year of the Independence of the United 
 States of America, Carter and Hendee, of the said district, have 
 deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they 
 claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit : 
 
 • Events in Paris, during the 26, 27, 28 and 29 of July, 1830, by 
 several Eye Witnesses. Continued until the oath of Louis Philip I, 
 and augmented by the Charter, with the new modifications, by 
 several interesting articles, and the Marche Parisienne, by Mr Casi- 
 mir Delavigne, with the Music, and his latest Messenienne-. . Trans- 
 lated from the fourth Paris edition.' 
 
 In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, 
 entitled, ' An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
 the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and propri- 
 etors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned ; ' and 
 also to an act, entitled ' An act supplementary to an act, entitled 
 u An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies 
 of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such 
 copies during the times therein mentioned j '* and extending the 
 benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching 
 historical and other prints.' 
 
 JNO. W. DAVIS, 
 Clerk of the District of Massachusetts* 
 
 PRINTED BY I. R. BUTTS, ...BOSTON. 
 
Ji 
 
 k 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 As the title indicates, this is the translation 
 of the fourth edition of the original — proof 
 enough of the interesting nature of the work. 
 The translator has not endeavored to give as 
 English a translation as possible j on the con- 
 trary, he lias wished to leave as much of the 
 French character in the translation as is possi- 
 ble in English words, to give it as a production 
 strongly impressed with the character of the 
 present time in Paris. He does not agree 
 with every passage in the little work ; this 
 seemed to him to have no connexion with the 
 present translation, because — to repeat it — he 
 
IV 
 
 wishes to give to the public a truly French 
 publication, relating to this eminently interesting 
 period in France. 
 
 The numerous anecdotes in the second part, 
 will be found more than interesting. Most of 
 them carry the proof of their truth and gen- 
 uineness with them, and it is impossible to give 
 a lively picture of so sudden and vast a revolu- 
 tion, except by a long series of anecdotes, and 
 minute details. 
 
 The translator has not added anything, 
 except the last Messenienne of Delavigne. 
 He thought that nothing better could close this 
 publication than the noble summing-up of these 
 glorious days in the inspired song of one of the 
 most admired French poets. 
 
EVENTS 
 
 IN PARIS, 
 
 DURING 
 
 THE 26, 2T, 28 AND 29 JULY, 183©. 
 
 1* 
 
REVOLUTION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE 26, 27, 28 A N D 29 F JULY, 
 1830. 
 
 We purpose relating briefly, the events 
 which have passed in Paris from the 25th of 
 July last. We shall suppress all reflections. 
 The facts speak sufficiently for themselves ; 
 the lesson is sufficiently severe for those men, 
 who would oppress a generous nation, and 
 for those who would repeat the attempt in 
 times to come. Since the formation of the 
 fatal ministry of the 8th of August, rendered 
 still more fatal on the 19th of May, much had 
 been said in France of a coups (Petal : it was 
 well known, that the destruction of our 
 liberty had been for a long time the only ob- 
 ject of the men who governed Charles X. , 
 and of the king himself, who had imbibed 
 the prejudices of absolute power, and was 
 
8 
 
 ruled by ambitious priests. However, a great 
 number of citizens could not persuade them- 
 selves that these projects were to be realized ; 
 they trusted to the fear of the court. " They 
 will not dare/' said they, " to overthrow the 
 fundamental social compact, and expose them- 
 selves not only to the refusal of the payment 
 of taxes, but to a general raising of bucklers ; 
 they will not dare to commit an act already 
 marked in anticipation as a crime by the tri- 
 bunals. Charles X. at the end of his ca- 
 reer, will not expose himself to the fate of 
 Louis XVI. and condemn his family to be 
 banished forever from the soil of France.". . . . 
 
 This opinion appeared to have gained ground 
 in the beginning of July. It was said, the 
 newly elected chambers would meet, that Po- 
 lignac would appear before them boldly, and 
 attempt either to oppress or seduce the as- 
 sembly. 
 
 On the 24th of July " sealed letters" had been 
 sent to the peers and deputies ; all were pre- 
 paring to proceed to their posts. Dreadful 
 deception ! On the 26th, the Charter was des- 
 troyed ! . . . . The ordinances had appeared in 
 the Moniteur, preceded by a " report to the 
 king," a grossly sophistic work of Chante- 
 lauze, in which he had dared to say that the 
 
Charter was violated only in order to come 
 back to the Charter ; that the liberty of the 
 Journals was not guaranteed in it, that direct 
 election was not provided for by it, and that 
 it belonged to the king to interpret the instru- 
 ment according to his own pleasure. 
 
 Their support was the article 14, constructed 
 in the interest of oppression, and which alone, 
 according to the interpretation of the ministers 
 would have constituted despotism itself. 
 
 The first ordinance related to the press ; it 
 confiscated private property ; it substituted 
 force for law, the gendarmerie for the tribunals, 
 in fact silence of death, for the active move- 
 ment of social life. 
 
 The second established a pretended electo- 
 ral system, formed in the sacristy of the pal- 
 ace, which was calculated to annihilate the 
 liberty of votes, to insult thirty thousand elec- 
 tors, and particularly those, who enrich France 
 by their industry. If this ordinance had suc- 
 ceeded, we might have bade adieu to every 
 kind of liberty. The chamber would have 
 been nothing more than a committee chosen 
 by the congregation and the aristocracy ; and 
 under a representative form, France would 
 have returned to a state of things worse than 
 even the ancien regime. 
 
10 
 
 The third ordinance dissolved the new Cham- 
 ber even before it had met, that is to say, it 
 purposed to render the elections void — the most 
 culpable attempt which can be made in a coun- 
 try governed by laws. To complete this sys- 
 tem of despotism, men, the most degraded in 
 public opinion were chosen for auxiliaries. 
 To Polignac, Chantelauze, Peyronnet, Guer- 
 non de Ranville, Capelle a G Delavau was ad- 
 ded, still covered with blood, shed in the street 
 Saint-Denis, a Vaublanc, a political puppet, 
 whose importance is neither justified by his 
 character, nor talents ; Dudou, the greatest 
 plunderer of the age ; Forbin des Issarts, 
 known by his violence in the Chambers ; Fre- 
 nilly, formerly head of an infamous commit- 
 tee of censorships ; Franchet, whose name 
 alone is sufficient ; Syrieys de Mayrinhac, 
 Cornet d'Incourt, de Curray, de Villeneuve, 
 Chaulieu, men guided by Jesuitism ; Formont 
 and Conny, servile orators of the ministry ; 
 lastly Bergasse, whose ancient name would 
 have only a ridiculous importance, if it had 
 not been totally forgotten for thirty years. 
 
 These were the men, who were united to 
 establish power ; it was to the oppression of 
 s uch tyrants, that it was designed to subject 
 a nation, which for thirty years had shed her 
 
u 
 
 blood for liberty. These men supposed that 
 France would submit to the yoke ; that a few 
 gendarmes would be sufficient to quiet the 
 mal-contents, and that a few shots fired on the 
 people, would destroy the Charter. The most 
 rapid of revolutions convinced them of their 
 error. 
 
 JULY 26, 
 
 The greatest calm prevailed throughout 
 Paris, when the fatal Moniteur appeared. 
 The infamous attempt, which it revealed, was 
 so unexpected, that its first influence was al- 
 most stunning. The fatal news was soon 
 spread ; the cafes, the reading rooms are 
 thronged ; with bitter smiles the ordinances 
 are listened to ; each regards the other 
 questioning with anxiety ; there is still a hesi- 
 tation to express an opinion on the duplicity 
 of Charles X. but on every face indignation 
 and scorn are expressed. This news was not 
 however at once generally known. The peo- 
 ple, who do not read the Moniteur , had at first 
 only a confused idea of it. It was in the offi- 
 ces of the public papers, that the event pro- 
 duced the greatest effect. Several journals 
 
12 
 
 prepare for a generous resistance ; some are 
 abandoned by their trembling editors : in vain 
 an opinion is obtained from Mr de Bel- 
 leyme, feeble, though positive ; and the greater 
 part of the public papers find it actually im- 
 possible to appear. The conductors immedi- 
 ately issue the following protest : 
 
 Protestation of the Journals. 
 
 " It has been repeatedly announced within 
 six months, that the laws would be violated, 
 that a coup d^elat would be executed. The 
 good sense of the public, refused to believe 
 it. Ministers repulsed this supposition as a 
 calumny. Notwithstanding, the Moniteur at 
 last published these memorable ordinances, 
 which are the most daring violation of laws. 
 The legal government is then interrupted; that 
 of force commences. 
 
 " In the situation in which we are placed, 
 obedience ceases to be a duty. The citizens 
 who are first called upon to obey, are the edi- 
 tors of journals ; they have to give the first 
 example of resistance to an authority which 
 has divested itself of its legal character. 
 
 " Those matters to which the ordinances, 
 published this morning, refer, are of a nature, 
 
13 
 
 which, according to the charter it is not in the 
 power of royal authority alone to pronounce 
 upon. The charter (article 8.) says, that the 
 French, with regard to the press, are to con- 
 form to the laws ; it dees not say they are to 
 conform to ordinances. The charter (article 
 35.) says that the organization of the electoral 
 colleges is to be regulated by laws ; it does 
 not say, it is to be regulated by ordinances. 
 
 " The crown has, until this period, acknowl- 
 edged these articles ; it has not thought of 
 arming itself against them, neither with pre- 
 tended constituent power, nor with a power 
 attributed falsely to article 14. 
 
 " In fact, every time that circumstances of 
 a serious nature appeared to the crown, as 
 demanding a modification either in the admin- 
 istration of the press, or in the electoral admin-* 
 istration, it has had recourse to the two cham- 
 bers. When it was necessary to modify the 
 charter in order to establish the septennial 
 elections and the total renewal of deputies, 
 it had recourse not to itself as author of the 
 charter, but to the chambers. 
 
 " Royal authority then has acknowledged, 
 has practised itself these articles 8. and 35., 
 and has not with regard to them, arrogated a 
 
14 
 
 constituent authority, nor a dictatorial authors 
 ty, neither of which exists. 
 
 " The tribunals, which have a right to inter- 
 pret, have solemnly acknowledged these same 
 principles. The royal court of Paris and sev- 
 eral others, have condemned the publishers of 
 the association of Britanny as guilty of an out- 
 rage against government. It considered the 
 supposition, that government could employ the 
 authority of ordinances, where authority of 
 law is alone admissible, an outrage. The 
 grounds on which they rest are such that it is 
 sufficient to mention them. 
 
 " Thus, the formal text of the charter, the 
 practice thus far followed by the crown, the 
 decisions of the tribunals establish that in 
 respect to the press and the electoral organ- 
 ization, the laws, that is the king and the cham- 
 bers, can alone decide. 
 
 " To day, then, government have violated 
 the laws. We are dispensed from obeying. 
 We shall try to publish our papers without ask- 
 ing the authorization which is imposed upon 
 us. We shall endeavor that to day, at least, 
 all France shall receive our papers. 
 
 " This is what our duty as citizens demands 
 of us, and we shall fulfil it. It is not for us to 
 point out the duties which the chamber, ille- 
 
15 
 
 gaily dissolved, has to fulfil. But we may 
 supplicate it in the name of France to rest 
 upon its evident right, and to resist as much 
 as in its power, violation of the laws. This 
 right is as clear as that upon which we stand. 
 The charter says, (article 50.) that the king can 
 dissolve a chamber of deputies ; but to do 
 this, it is necessary that it should be assem- 
 bled, constituted as a chamber, that in fact 
 it should have supported a system requiring its 
 dissolution. But before assembling, before 
 having been constituted as a chamber, there are 
 but elections, there are but returns of members. 
 Now no part of the charter says that the 
 king has the right to annul the elections ; 
 hence the ordinances are illegal, because they 
 order something which the charter does not 
 authorize. 
 
 " The elected deputies then convoked for 
 the third of August, are well and duly elected 
 and convoked. Their right is the same to day 
 as yesterday. France supplicates them not 
 to forget it. All that they are able to do, to 
 maintain this right, they ought to do. 
 
 " Government has lost to day its character 
 of legality which commands obedience. We 
 resist it as far as concerns us ; it is for France 
 
16 
 
 to judge, how far her own resistance shall ex- 
 tend." 
 
 Signed by the conductors and editors of the 
 journals actually present at Paris. 
 
 Meanwhile the Exchange is alarmed, the 
 bankers suspend their discounts. The public 
 funds sink more than four francs ; many mer- 
 chants declare that they must stop payments ; 
 some manufactories are shut up ; several 
 printers imitate them ; one of them whose 
 name is famous, said to his workmen ; " My 
 friends, the press is abolished to day, I cannot 
 give you work any longer ; go ask it from 
 your good king." Mr Ternaut dismisses one 
 hundred and fifty men, paying them eight days 
 wages in advance. 
 
 In this agitation, constantly increasing, citi- 
 zens begin to form groups in the Palais Royal. 
 But without arms as yet ; they are only 
 people collected by curiosity or anxiety, who 
 question each other, and consult together ; 
 meanwhile the gendarmerie prepare to disperse 
 them. They are cowardly enough to charge 
 unarmed citizens ; columns of the royal guard 
 enter the garden, drive out those who are pro- 
 menading in it and shut the gates. The out- 
 raged multitude proceed to the Boulevard des 
 
17 
 
 Capoucins crying cc down with Polignac." 
 Windows are broken — stones are thrown at 
 the royal guard, who again had charged the 
 people. About twenty young men waited be- 
 fore the mansion of Mr Casimir Perier, for 
 the decision of a number of deputies, assem- 
 bled in order to consult on the public dangers, 
 and to draw up a protest ; they were attacked 
 and sabred without mercy. From some points 
 the fire of musketry had been heard and some 
 citizens had been wounded, and even mortal- 
 ly so. 
 
 The protest of the deputies was drawn up 
 on the 27th : it is as follows — 
 
 Protest of the Deputies. 
 
 " The undersigned, duly elected deputies, in 
 conformity with the constitutional charter and 
 the laws of election, and being actually at 
 Paris, 
 
 " Consider themselves actually obliged, by 
 their duties and by their honor, to protest 
 against the measures which the counsellors of 
 the crown have lately taken for the overthrow 
 of the legal system of elections and the ruin of 
 the liberty of the press. 
 
 " The said measures contained in the ordi- 
 nances of the 25th of July are, in the eyes of the 
 2# 
 
18 
 
 undersigned, directly contrary to the consti- 
 tutional rights of the chamber of peers, to the 
 public rights of the French, to the attributes 
 and the decrees of the tribunals, and calcula- 
 ted to throw the state into a confusion, which 
 equally endangers the peace of the present 
 and the safety of the future. Consequently, 
 the undersigned, inviolably faithful to their 
 oath, protest, not only against the said mea- 
 sures, but against all acts which may be the 
 consequence ofthem. 
 
 " And considering on the one hand, that the 
 chamber of deputies, not having been consti- 
 tuted, could not be legally dissolved ; on the 
 other hand that the attempt to form another 
 chamber of deputies in a new and arbitrary 
 manner, is in formal contradiction to the con- 
 stitutional charter and the vested rights of the 
 electors, the undersigned declare that they 
 consider themselves as legally elected mem- 
 bers of the chamber by the colleges of the 
 arrondissements and departments, whose suffra- 
 ges they have received, and as incapable of 
 being removed, except in virtue of elections 
 done according to the principles and forms or- 
 dained by law. 
 
 " And if the undersigned do not effectually 
 exercise their rights, and do not discharge all 
 
19 
 
 the duties which they hold from their legal 
 election, it is because they are prevented from 
 so doing by actual violence. 
 
 " Many deputies are expected at Paris to- 
 morrow and the day after to-morroW. In a 
 number of deputies who have already signed, 
 
 are. 7 
 
 Messrs. 
 Labbey de Pompiere, 
 Sebastiani, 
 Me chin, 
 
 Perier (Casimir), 
 Guizot, 
 
 Audry de Payraveau, 
 Andre Collot, 
 
 Gaetan de laRochefaucauld, 
 Mauguin, ' 
 
 Bernard, 
 Duris-Du fresne , 
 Girod de l'Ain, 
 Laisnedela Ville-l'Eveque, 
 Delessert (Benjamin) 
 Marchal, 
 
 Nau de Champlouis, 
 Count Lobau, 
 Baron Louis, 
 Milloux, 
 
 Count Estourmel, 
 Voisin de Gartempe, 
 Froidefond de Bellisle, 
 Villemain, 
 Didot (Firmin) 
 Daunou, 
 Persil, 
 Villemot, 
 De la Bibossiere, 
 Bondy (count de) 
 Vassal, 
 
 Alexandre Delaborde, 
 Jacques Lefebvre, 
 
 Messrs. 
 Matheu Dumas, 
 Eusebe Salverte, 
 De Poulmaine, 
 Hernaux, 
 Chardel, 
 Bavoux, 
 Charles Dupin, 
 Hely d'Oissel, 
 Eugene d'Harcourt, 
 Baillot, 
 
 Count Montguyon, 
 Lavaillant, 
 Tronchon, 
 Gerard (general) 
 Lafitte (Jacques) 
 Garcias, 
 Dugas-Montbel, 
 Camille Perier, 
 General Lafayette, 
 Georges Lafayette, 
 Jouvencel, 
 Bertin de Vaux, 
 Count Lameth, 
 Bcrard, 
 DucharTaut, 
 
 Anguste de Saint Aignan, 
 Keratry, 
 Ternaux, 
 Jacques Odier, 
 Benjamin Constant, 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
JULY %7, 
 
 A hand bill distributed in all quarters of 
 Paris, and signed Mangin, prohibited all pub- 
 lic establishments to receive and expose to use 
 the journals which had appeared without pre- 
 vious authorization. This arbitrary measure 
 informed the people of the suburbs of events 
 of which as yet they knew little. 
 
 Some extracts from the Moniteur of the pre- 
 ceding evening, gave them additional and com- 
 plete information ; indignation is marked on all 
 faces. 
 
 The sight of a great display of armed for- 
 ces, augment the indignation still more. At 
 eleven o'clock, officers of the police, accom- 
 panied by armed forces, barred some streets, 
 broke into the offices of those journals which 
 had dared to appear, the Temps, National, 
 Globe, Journal du Commerce, Figaro ; the 
 most lively resistance is opposed to them, they 
 are prohibited in the name of the law from 
 continuing. Some locksmiths, sent to force 
 the doors of the printing offices, refuse to do 
 
21 
 
 their work. The police officers hesitate, and 
 fear to render themselves guilty of house- 
 breaking ; Mangin finally sends the man, 
 whose employment is to rivet the irons of the 
 galley-slaves, to force open the doors, and the 
 crime is accomplished. 
 
 Meanwhile groups had assembled in much 
 greater numbers than the evening before ; 
 they fill the vicinity of the Palais-Royal, 
 the streets Saint-Honore, Richelieu, de Va- 
 Jois, Fromenlau, Saint- Thomas-du-Louvre and 
 de Chartres ; the greatest number were still 
 without arms ; they were merely spectators 
 brought together by the events of the preceding 
 evening, with whom some persons of the fau- 
 bourgs, armed with sticks and stones united. 
 The gendarmerie on foot and on horse, begin 
 to charge indiscriminately all before them; but 
 resistance is offered, and the groups, instead of 
 dispersing, increase every moment; the street 
 Saint-Honore is soon filled with them in its 
 whole length; people arm themselves, repeated 
 discharges of musketry are heard; but those 
 against whom they are directed, rally intrepid- 
 ly under the fire of the enemy. 
 
 Other groups proceed towards the Hotel of 
 foreign affairs, and to the road, by which the 
 minister Polignac must return from Saint- 
 
22 
 
 Cloud; several coaches are stopped, but Po- 
 lignac had slipped into his hotel, without being 
 perceived. He ordered artillery to be mount- 
 ed in it as in a fortress. It is said, that the 
 moment when the most active fire was directed 
 by his order against Paris, this infamous min- 
 ister was quietly dining with his colleagues 
 under the protection of his cannon, and thus 
 insulted the victims whom he sacrificed. 
 
 In the evening of the 27th, that admirable 
 system of defence was began, which the peo- 
 ple of Paris opposed to the troops, who fired 
 upon them with so much cruelty. Without 
 concert, since time had been wanting to agree 
 on any plan, all citizens, united by a kind of 
 instinct of preservation, were assembled on all 
 points which it was necessary to defend. 
 Their first care was to break the lamps in the 
 streets Saint-Honore and La Monnaie, in 
 the square of the Parvis Notre-Dame, in the 
 'Change, and in the Archiepiscopal Palace; at 
 the same time citizens proceeded in small bands 
 to the armorers, who opened their work-shops 
 without resistance, excited them to the fight, 
 and even furnished them paper for cartridges. 
 Enormous beams were thrown across the ken- 
 nels to arrest the course of the cavalry. In all 
 these preparations surprising order and calm- 
 ness was observable. 
 
23 
 
 It was also observable that a feeling of dan- 
 ger, rather than passion, directed all citizens. 
 The night was passed in these preparations; 
 some partial combats took place; but decisive 
 operations were put off for the next day. 
 
 JULY 28. 
 
 Early in the morning the whole population 
 of Paris was in motion; detachments of the 
 faubourgs Saint- Ant oine and Saint— Marceau 
 had put themselves in march. Armed citizens 
 occupied the Hotel-de-Ville ; others had taken 
 possession of the passages of Notre-Dame, 
 planted the tri-colored flag, and sounded the 
 tocsin. All were prepared to fight ; all the 
 powder and lead which they had been able to 
 find in the shops had been taken. A number 
 of the ancient national guards, without uni- 
 form, had joined the armed citizens ; the entire 
 Ecole Polytechnique had solicited and rather 
 taken than obtained permission to leave the 
 school and to fight; the students of law and 
 medicine imitated this example; in fact, Paris 
 offered the sight of a camp: all shops were 
 closed, and royal guards, lancers, Swiss, and 
 
24 
 
 regiments of the line were drawn up on all 
 sides. 
 
 These different corps, it is true, were not 
 equally disposed to turn their arms against 
 their fellow-citizens. Though they had re- 
 ceived twentyfive francs each, the royal guards 
 felt repugnant at the service which was expect- 
 ed from them. The line positively refused ta 
 fire. The officers assembled in the Cafe Turc 
 and resolved upon a declaration to their com- 
 mander, expressing their intention to confine 
 themselves to the maintenance of order, with- 
 out firing upon the people; but the gendarme- 
 vie, and particularly the Swiss, showed the 
 most frightful fury. 
 
 Whilst every one thus prepared for battle, 
 all the signs of royal authority were pulled 
 down and destroyed as if by enchantment. 
 The citizens would no longer endure these 
 images of a king, the assassin of his people. 
 Here they were fastened to, or rather hung on 
 the lanterns, there they were collected in a. 
 heap and burnt. And yet all these acts of 
 popular justice were committed without disor- 
 der, without violence, or any other cry than 
 that of (( Vive la Charte!" 
 
 In the mean time a regular fight began at 
 once in all quarters of Paris. The chief point 
 
25 
 
 of attack and defence was the H6tel-de-Ville. 
 The armed citizens who occupied it, were be- 
 sieged by the Swiss and the whole royal guard. 
 The troops of the line, stationed on the Quai 
 aux Fleurs and its vicinity, confined themselves 
 to prevent spectators from approaching, and 
 exposing their lives by advancing with .too 
 much imprudence. The Hotel-de-Vilk was ta- 
 ken and retaken several times, during a con- 
 stant fire of musketry and cannon. It is im- 
 possible to describe the effect which every ex- 
 plosion produced on the inhabitants of the 
 neighborhood; the tocsin sounded without ces- 
 sation at Notre-Bame ; from time to time 
 the wounded were carried to the Hoiel-Dieu, 
 and corpses to the Morgue. This was done in 
 the most affecting manner ; the respect and 
 the tears of the citizens present followed these 
 unfortunate victims of their heroism; not one 
 corpse was insulted, whether that of a French 
 soldier, or of a Swiss; it -was a brother, it was 
 a man. Admirable example of moderation 
 and humanity! 
 
 Whilst the battle went on, a great number 
 of the national guards having retaken their 
 uniform, formed themselves in platoons, and, 
 provided with cartridges, taken in a public de- 
 pot, proceeded towards the Pont-Neuf and the 
 
26 
 
 Institute. There a murderous conflict had 
 begun. Troops posted in houses of the Quai 
 des Orfevres, the prefecture of the police, 
 round the statue of Henri IV. in the Louvre, 
 and in the gallery of the Museum, kept up a 
 considerable fire. The Pont-des-Jlrts was also 
 the theatre of an obstinate conflict. From 
 time to time the wounded were sent in carts 
 to the hospitals. A single corporal accompa- 
 nied these mournful convoys which the silent 
 populace protected on their route. 
 
 In the vicinity of the Palais-Royal, on the 
 Boulevards, on the public places, the struggle 
 was continued with various success. Thus 
 whilst the people were victorious on a great 
 many points, the success seemed uncertain in 
 the environs of the Louvre, in the street du Cog, 
 and on the Carrousel! The same was not the 
 case in the street Saint-Antoine. There, a 
 population full of ardor, determined to conquer 
 or perish, had posted themselves in the houses, 
 on the roofs, and fired continually upon the 
 troops who passed through the streets ; the 
 roofs were broken up and a shower of tiles 
 poured upon the heads of the assailants. On 
 the boulevard Saint-Martin, the same ardor, 
 the same devotedness: the citizens had car- 
 ried the pavements on the triumphal arch of 
 
27 
 
 the gate Saint-Martin, and threw them upon 
 the soldiers, who, in vain, struggled to make 
 themselves masters of this point of attack. 
 The people at the same moment attacked vig- 
 orously the barracks of the gendarmerie in the 
 street of faubourg Saint-Martin. At first re- 
 pulsed, they finished by making themselves 
 "masters of this barrack ; everything found 
 there was thrown into the street. There, as 
 everywhere else, was no pillaging, and this was 
 so scrupulously observed, that even silver-plate 
 and money v/as thrown into the fire. 
 
 It was towards the evening of Wednesday 
 that the heat of the conflict began to relax, 
 and the people began to construct barricades 
 on all points; till then they had confined them- 
 selves to putting beams, wagons, and all the 
 carriages which had been met with, across the 
 streets; soon the pavement at the entrance of 
 every street was torn up, stones were collected 
 in barrels ; these defences were fortified by 
 overturned coaches, fiacres, omnibus, and stage 
 coaches; the trees of the boulevards were cut 
 down and thrown across the roads. In one 
 moment Paris was put in a state of formidable 
 defence. 
 
 The firing at the II6tel-de-Ville ceased to- 
 wards ten o'clock in the evening, and the 
 
28 
 
 troops, convinced of the impossibility of main^ 
 taining themselves any longer in the populous 
 quarters, took advantage of the night to retreat 
 towards the quarters of the Tuileries. They 
 echelonned along the Champs-Elysees, on the 
 Place Louis XV. on the quais on the other 
 side of the Chateau; but the greater part of 
 them, whether from discouragement, or rather 
 from a sentiment of horror at the infamous 
 work to which they had been condemned, were 
 disposed to surrender or to retreat. The royal 
 guards posted or rather lying on the Place 
 Louis XV. were seen sighing at their horrible 
 situation; tears flowed from the eyes of many 
 of these soldiers. "Let us perish," said they, 
 u our duty is to die on our post; but we will not 
 any longer do the execrable work, to which 
 we have been condemned for two days." 
 Several officers of the guard sent in their re- 
 signation to the commander, and manifested 
 a generous repentance. One of them, the 
 Count Raoul de Latour du Pin, wrote the fol- 
 lowing letter to Polignac: — 
 
 " Monseigneiw, — 
 " After a day of bloodshed and disaster, underta- 
 ken against all divine and human laws, and in which 
 I have taken part from a respect to human authority, 
 for which I now reproach myself, my conscience 
 forbids me to serve one moment longer. 
 
29 
 
 " I have in my life given too many proofs of my 
 devotedness to the king, not to he permitted with- 
 out my intentions being calumniated, to distinguish 
 that which emanates from him, from atrocities com- 
 mitted in his name. I have therefore the honor to 
 beg you, Monseigneur, to lay^before the eyes of his 
 majesty my resignation as captain of his guard. 
 
 " I have the honor to be, Monseigneur, your Ex- 
 cellency's very humble and very obedient servant. 
 " Signed, 
 " The Count Raoul de Latour du Pin." 
 
 July 28, 1830. 
 
 The troops of the line, who were seen 
 wavering in the morning, made their submis- 
 sion almost entirely; several regiments frater- 
 nized with the citizens and were received with 
 a cry i Vive la ligne ! ? 
 
 Paris, on the evening of the 28th, totally 
 deprived of lanterns, bristling with barricadoes, 
 offered the most melancholy aspect. The 
 whole population was roused. The small 
 number of royal officers who had had the 
 courage to remain at their post, disappeared; 
 some went to Saint-Cloud: the greater part 
 concealed themselves. Mangin who absolute- 
 ly lost his head, fled in haste from the prefec- 
 ture of the police; and the city was left with- 
 out any kind of authority. 
 3* 
 
30 
 
 It was then that some good citizens, assem- 
 bled to deliberate on the present circumstances, 
 occupied themselves with establishing some 
 order in the midst of the extraordinary state 
 of things. The project was formed of estab- 
 lishing provisionary municipalities, to unite as 
 many as possible of the national guards, in 
 order to protect public and private property. 
 Night passed in these occupations. , 
 
JUI^Y 29. 
 
 At break of day the whole population was 
 in arms, provided with ammunition, and decided 
 to pursue their work. Some servants of Charles 
 X. had proceeded to Saint-Cloud; they had 
 conjured Polignac to give in his resignation, 
 and the king to revoke the fatal ordinances. 
 The minister persisted in his barbarous resolu- 
 tion to stake the crown of his master in a civil 
 war. He refused to listen to any proposition. 
 The fight therefore was continued. 
 
 During the two preceding days the people 
 were seen fighting without a chief, without di- 
 rection, and yet in an admirable order. But 
 on the morning of the 29th, some good citizens 
 felt the necessity to give them some experien- 
 ced chiefs. The leading editor of the Consti- 
 tutionnelj Mr Evariste Dumoulin, went to the 
 brave General Dubourg, and represented to him 
 the necessity of putting himself at the head of 
 the people. Though maimed in his former 
 
32 
 
 campaigns, General Dubourg accepts. He 
 issues a proclamation, and putting himself at 
 the head of numerous columns, possesses him- 
 self of the Exchange. A General, still more 
 illustrious, resolves to second the efforts of the 
 nation ; General Gerard takes the command 
 of numerous detachments, who proceed to- 
 wards the Louvre and the Tuileries. 
 
 The General in chief, Marmont, had posted 
 the Swiss in the higher stories of these two 
 buildings ; and from there these foreign troops, 
 who coldly looked upon French blood, re- 
 trenched behind the embrasures of the win- 
 dows, cruelly fired upon the people. Use- 
 less barbarity! From five to six thousand 
 people proceeded towards the Louvre at a 
 signal given to them by the tocsin. Two regi- 
 ments of the royal guard were posted in the 
 yards and the garden de V Infante; they fired 
 upon the first assailants, but these only fall to 
 be immediately replaced by their brethren. 
 They advanced at full charge towards the gates 
 of the Louvre, which are broken, in spite of a 
 violent fire, and the crowd spread itself in the 
 inner yard, rushed into the staircases and 
 forced the Swiss, who continued to fire with 
 an incredible fury, to surrender at discretion. 
 In one moment the tri-colored flag appears 
 
33 
 
 upon this building, of which the citizens have 
 possessed themselves. 
 
 During this time all the other quarters of 
 Paris were in our power. The national guard 
 occupied the Holel-de-Ville; an armed mass 
 possessed themselves of the archiepiscopal 
 mansion, and penetrated into the apartments. 
 They expected to find here only the badges of a 
 religion which abhors blood; how great was 
 their indignation when they found poignards 
 and a barrel of powder! At this sight they 
 seized upon the furniture; every thing is bro- 
 ken, thrown out of the window into the river, 
 where furniture, books, ornaments, were seen 
 floating pele-mele. Nothing was taken; all pre- 
 vious vases were carried to the Hotel-de-Ville; 
 beds and linen and every thing which could be 
 of use for the wounded, to the Hotel Dku, 
 Armed masses proceeded also to the convent 
 of the old priests in the street d'Enfer; they 
 had taken flight. There the scenes at the 
 archbishop's mansion were repeated. The 
 precious effects were put under the care of the 
 mayor de Montrouge. 
 
 Since the conquest of the Louvre and of 
 the adjacent places, the royal army driven be- 
 yond the Tuilerics, only possessed this single 
 point of defence. The ministers consulted 
 
34 
 
 here with the Duke of Ragusa. A deputation 
 from the people assembled at Mr Lafitte's, and 
 desirous to arrest the effusion of blood, pro- 
 ceeded through the fire of the battle, to the 
 commandant of Paris. Mr Lafitte represent- 
 ed strongly to Ragusa the deplorable state of 
 the capital, and declared him personally re- 
 sponsible in the name of the deputies of France, 
 for the fatal consequence of so sad an event. 
 
 Ragusa answered, " military honor is obe- 
 dience. " 
 
 " And civil honor," answered Mr Lafitte, 
 ." is not to destroy citizens." 
 
 Ragusa replied, " But, gentlemen, what are 
 the conditions which you propose?" 
 
 " We think we can promise/' replied the de- 
 puties, " that every thing would be restored on 
 the following conditions: the revocation of the 
 ordinances of the 26th of July, the dismission 
 of the ministers, and the convocation of the 
 Chambers on the 3d of August." 
 
 " As a citizen," answered Ragusa, " I can- 
 not disapprove, I even partake in your opinions, 
 but as a soldier, I have orders and must exe- 
 cute them. However, if you gentlemen wish 
 to confer with Mr de Polignac, he is here, I 
 will ask him whether he will receive you." 
 
35 
 
 Ragusa leaves the room, and re-entering a 
 moment afterwards with his expression much 
 changed, he states that Polignac declares that 
 the proposed conditions, rendered every con- 
 ference useless. 
 
 <c We have then civil war, 5 ' said Mr Lafitte. 
 Ragusa was silent, and the deputies retired. 
 
 Thus it became necessary to resolve upon 
 an attack of the Tuileries. Numerous col- 
 umns proceeded thither having at their head 
 General Gerard. In an instant the Poni- 
 Royal is occupied by them. Ragusa prepar- 
 ed to evacuate the palace, when suddenly 
 horse-guards and Swiss disguised as citizens, 
 armed with pistols and poignards fall upon and 
 kill the citizens from behind. The carnage 
 becomes horrible. At last the assassins are 
 slain. After several charges the palace is 
 carried. The people enter by the Pavilion de 
 Flore. Indignation at a recent event caused 
 this point of attack to be chosen; it was from 
 here that at seven o'clock, the Swiss had fired 
 upon a number of women, whom curiosity had 
 led to the Pont-Royal. The Pavilion de Flore, 
 adjoining the apartments of the duchess of 
 Angouleme, w r as taken, and the people having 
 found there thousands of proclamations, addres- 
 sed to the soldiers to excite them against the 
 
36 
 
 citizens, their fury was excited to the highest 
 degree; the furniture was thrown out of the 
 windows; but, as in the other palaces, the 
 money and precious effects were remitted to 
 the Hotel-de-Ville. 
 
 This last exploit opened the eyes of the 
 Duke of Ragusa ; he gave notice that he 
 was ready to yield. Part of his troops surren- 
 dered and mingled with the people; the rest 
 were led to the heights of Saint- Cloud, and 
 began to defile, protected by a last discharge 
 of the artillery. The tri-colored flag waved on 
 all the public buildings of Paris. 
 
 Thus terminated this war of three days, 
 waged by a nation indignant against the satel- 
 lites of an infatuated despot. These three 
 days in which the population of Paris manifest- 
 ed an admirable courage and wisdom, outshine 
 the finest epochs of the French Revolution. 
 Hardly any disorders, inseparable from so 
 great a combat, were committed; but no at- 
 tempt was made to touch private property. 
 Municipal committees, created almost sponta- 
 neously in almost all the mairies, organized the 
 national guard, furnished them with muskets 
 and ammunition, opened an asylum to the 
 wounded, gave aid and provision to the brave 
 defenders of the country, watched over the 
 
37 
 
 most regular and best adapted construction of 
 the barricadoes, and took care of the public 
 tranquillity, and distribution of provisions. The 
 mairie of the eleventh arrondissementj presided 
 over by Mr Lemercier, of the institute, earned 
 in particular the gratitude of all the citizens. 
 
 The killed, in these three days, amount to 
 more than two thousand; and the number of 
 the wounded may be estimated at five thousand. 
 Received everywhere, surrounded with care 
 and respect, they enjoy the reward of their 
 devotion. Every purse is open to them. All 
 the women made lint to dress their wounds; 
 they are adopted by their country. 
 
 A monument, consecrated to the memory of 
 the victims, is to be erected on the very place 
 where the Duke de Berry was to receive the 
 funeral honors. This expiatory chapel wasfto 
 be the monument of a man and prince; it now 
 will be a monument of the country and liberty. 
 
IiAST INTRIGUES OF CHARLES X. 
 
 I0RMATION OF A PRO VISIONARY GOVERNMENT* 
 
 While the people of Paris reconquered their 
 liberty at the price of their blood, the court 
 fled to Saini- Cloud, approved of the massacre 
 of the citizens, and insolently characterised 
 their resistance as sedition. The court had 
 imagined that a few shot would be sufficient to 
 bring the people to submit, that a few charges 
 of the gendarmerie would consummate the de- 
 struction of the laws. The seven ministers 
 surrounded the king and engaged him not to 
 yield. Polignac, particularly, made himself 
 conspicuous by the obstinacy of a narrow mind, 
 which is blinded by pride and ignorance. The 
 dauphin partook in the sentiments of Charles 
 X. No one conceived that the monarchy was 
 at stake, and that the game might be lost in a 
 moment. On the evening of the 29th, they 
 even rejected the idea, recalling the fatal ordi- 
 
39 
 
 nances, and convoking the chambers. Orders 
 laad been given to collect new troops at Paris; 
 a regiment of Swiss had been ordered from 
 Orleans. In short, Charles X. persisted in the 
 crime which he had been led to commit. Sur- 
 rounded by priests, given up to superstitious 
 observances, he thought he had saved the 
 state, when he had heard mass. 
 
 Such was still the incredible blindness of 
 these traitors, when on the morning of the 30th, 
 a member of the chamber of peers, after hav- 
 ing in vain tried to overcome the obstinacy of 
 Polignac, resolved to proceed to Saint- Cloud. 
 Mr de Semonville, accustomed throughout his 
 life to treat great affairs with finesse, believes 
 that the dynasty of Charles X. might be saved 
 by the little manoeuvres of a diplomacy. Ac- 
 companied by the Count D'Argoult, he pro- 
 ceeds to the king, where Polignac had arrived 
 before them; — He shows him the situation of 
 Paris, the dangers of the king, the extent of 
 the revolution. Charles X. not able to believe 
 it, remains at first inflexible. — u As a king," 
 said he, " I have been offended; it is not I who 
 must offer conditions; let them make proposi- 
 tions, and I shall see whether I shall accept 
 them." Mr de Semonville retired in despair. 
 He was recalled: bad news had just been re- 
 
4d 
 
 ceived, and it was then only that the king con- 
 sented to revoke the ordinances and to change 
 the ministers. Two ordinances nominate Mr 
 de Mortemart minister of foreign affairs, and 
 the General Gerard, minister of war. Pro- 
 clamations are drawn up, and Mr de Semonville 
 returns to Paris with the mission, to negotiate 
 a compromise. It was too late. A provision- 
 ary government had been formed, and the 
 people heard with horror the name of the 
 prince, who had ordered them to be fired upon. 
 Charles X. had become to the nation more ex- 
 ecrable than Charles IX.; because, after all, 
 Charles IX. had remained at Paris during the 
 day of Saint Bartholomew. 
 
 Mr de Semonville wished to make a last 
 effort; he went to the committee of the gov- 
 ernment: his propositions were rejected with 
 contempt. Count de Sussy transmitted to the 
 Chamber of Deputies, the propositions of the 
 ex-king. The chamber passed to the orders of 
 the day. The peers were convoked by 
 " sealed letters; " but the extreme timidity of 
 these men, the greater part of whom are 
 versed in intrigue, after having refused to take 
 part with the nation against Charles X., dared 
 not to join with Charles X. against the nation* 
 
41 
 
 The ex-king, at last convinced, but too late, 
 of the horror of his situation, abandoned by 
 the greater part of his army, of his ministers, 
 intended — so it is said — to abdicate in favor 
 of the Duke of Angouleme. 
 
 On the afternoon of the 30th, a general of 
 the old army explained to Charles X. the real 
 state of things with frankness, and informed 
 him that his cause was totally lost. The ex- 
 king, deeply afflicted, raised his head and said 
 to the officer, that he never had the intention 
 to violate the charter, and that the ordinances 
 of July 26, had been issued only to return to 
 the charter. " Only to return to the charter!" 
 replied the general, u but your Majesty has 
 been abominably deceived ! Whom would 
 your Majesty persuade in France, when these 
 acts, and a thousand others, have always been 
 contrary to the national liberty and honor." — 
 " Well," said the king, " as these ordinances 
 have offended the nation, they ought to be 
 satisfied; I have revoked them; I have dis- 
 missed my ministers; but unfortunately Mr de 
 Mortemart was not able to be present at the 
 council of yesterday; he might, perhaps, have 
 saved all." " It is too late today; the abdica- 
 tion even of your majesty in favor of your son, 
 would not satisfy the nation; he was admitted 
 4* 
 
42 
 
 to the council, he knew these acts, he has 
 participated in them, he is an accomplice in 
 them. If your majesty had been better ad- 
 vised, you Would have kept the Dauphin is 
 opposition; then, if you had abdicated in his 
 favor, France might have believed in the good 
 faith of his words and his acts, but it is too late 
 to-day." Charles X., more and more afflicted, 
 answered nothing but these words; " Que 
 voulez vous que fy fasse! " (what can I do!) 
 
 Provisionary Government, 
 
 Two days having elapsed in the absence of 
 every public authority, the citizens felt the 
 necessity for providing at last for the estab- 
 lishment of some kind of government. The 
 deputies, present at Paris, and holding them- 
 selves sufficiently authorized by the circum- 
 stances, nominated a committee, charged to 
 watch over the public interests; it was com- 
 posed of 
 
 Messrs Audry de Puyraveau, Gerard, La- 
 fitte, General de Lobau, Mauguin, Odier, 
 Casimir Perier, and De Schonen. 
 
 General Lafayette was appointed command- 
 er in chief of the National Guards. 
 
 On the 30th of July, the deputies assembled 
 
43 
 
 in great numbers, in the hall of their sessions, 
 provided temporarily for the different services; 
 they nominated the following provisionary 
 commissionaries. 
 
 Mr Dupont de 1' Eure, for the department of justice. 
 
 Mr Louis, <c u " finances. 
 
 General Gerard, « " '* war. 
 
 Admiral de Rigny, « u " the navy. 
 
 Mr Bignon, ?« ts (t foreign affairs. 
 
 Mr Guizdf, " u " public instruction. 
 
 Duke de Broglie, " " " the interior and 
 
 public works. 
 
 Mr Alexander de Laborde, deputy of Paris, 
 was provisionarily charged with the prefecture 
 of the Seine. 
 
 Mr Bavaud with the prefecture of the police. 
 Mr Chardel, with the direction of the port. 
 The twelve mayors of Paris were also nomi- 
 nated. As soon as General Lafayette was 
 invested with the command of the national 
 guards, he issued the following proclamation: 
 
 " Beloved fellow citizens and brave comrades, 
 the confidence of the people of Paris calls me once 
 more to the command of her public forces. I have 
 accepted with devotedness and joy, the duties which 
 are confided to me ; and, as in 1789, 1 feel strong 
 by the approbation of my honorable colleagues, to- 
 day assembled at Paris. I shall not make any pro- 
 
44 
 
 fessions of faith ; my sentiments are known. The 
 conduct of the Parisians in these last days of trial, 
 make me prouder than ever to be at their head. 
 Liberty shall triumph, or we perish together. 
 " Vive la liberte ! Vive la patrie ! 
 
 LAFAYETTE." 
 
 A number of other proclamations were fixed 
 on the walls of Paris. One of them placed 
 the Museum, the National Library, the Jardin 
 des-plantes, and other public edifices under the 
 protection of the nation. 
 
 THE DUKE OF ORLEANS, 
 
 LIEUTENANT GENERAL, OF THE KINGDOM. 
 
 As soon as the defeat of the party of Charles 
 X. was consummated, ail minds began to con- 
 sider the new order of things, which it would 
 be best to establish in France. The people 
 always admirable in these three days, had not 
 decided the question by any cry ; that of Vive 
 la charte ! had been the only one by which 
 they had rallied. Hardly a few inconsiderate 
 exclamations of Vive Napoleon II. had mingled 
 with the cries, still more inconsiderable, of 
 Vive V Empereur ! The question then re- 
 mained untouched. 
 
45 
 
 A certain number of citizens inspired by the 
 noblest^ illusions could for a moment believe 
 in the possibility of establishing in France a 
 republican system ; but the immense majority, 
 convinced that a true representative govern- 
 ment offers all possible guarantees of liberty 
 and prosperity, and wishing moreover to adopt 
 a form of government, compatible with the sit- 
 uation of Europe, to avoid calumnies and to 
 preserve the country from new disturbances, 
 agreed on an honorable citizen who, born near 
 the throne, never shared its prejudices ; who, 
 for a long time clothed with the national colors, 
 shed his blood for the nation, at Gemmappes, 
 and has shown in regenerated France, the 
 simplicity of a private citizen and the virtues 
 of a father : Louis- Phillippe d? Orleans. 
 
 It was thought that this choice, freely 
 emanated from the will of the people, and ac- 
 companied by constitutional conditions which 
 guaranteed against the return of violences of 
 the last reign, would add to the advantage of a 
 calm and judicious act, that of consolidating 
 forever the representative government, and 
 moreover that of avoiding dissensions, of which 
 a civil war and other calamities would be the 
 inevitable consequences. 
 
 The wishes of the nation and their hopes 
 
46 
 
 were therefore laid before the Duke of Orleans : 
 this prince received them as they ought to be 
 received. He consented to be the choice of 
 the nation, and to accept the functions of lieu- 
 tenant general of the kingdom, until the as- 
 sembled chambers should be able to offer him, 
 with the title of king, the charter purged from 
 the vague provisions which served as a pre- 
 text for its enemies, and completed with neces- 
 sary provisions for its development and its 
 durability. 
 
 Louis Philip of Orleans appeared in the capi- 
 tal on the 31st of July. A deputy of the cham- 
 bers conferred upon him the title of lieutenant 
 general of the kingdom. This decision was 
 announced to the public in the following pro- 
 clamation : — 
 
 "Frenchmen, 
 
 " France is free. Absolute power raised its 
 standard ; the heroic population of Paris has over- 
 thrown it. Paris, attacked, defended by her arms, 
 the sacred cause which had already triumphed in 
 vain in the elections. A power which usurped our 
 rights, and disturbed our repose/menaced liberty and 
 order at the same time ; we return to the posses- 
 sion of order and liberty. No more fear for the 
 rights already acquired ; no more barriers between 
 ourselves and the rights which we yet need. 
 
 " A government which will guarantee these bene- 
 fits, is now the first want of the country. French* 
 
47 
 
 men, those of your deputies who are already at 
 Paris have united, and, awaiting the regular interfe- 
 rence of the chambers, have invited a Frenchman 
 who never has fought except for France, the duke 
 of Orleans, to exercise the functions of lieutenant 
 general of the kingdom. This is in their eyes the 
 surest means to accomplish by peace, the success 
 of the most legitimate defence. 
 
 " The duke of Orleans is devoted to the national 
 and constitutional cause. He has always defended 
 the interests and professed the principles. He will 
 respect our rights because he will hold his from us. 
 We shall by laws adopt all the necessary guaran- 
 tees to render liberty strong and durable : 
 
 " The re-establishment of the national guard, with 
 their participation in the choice of their officers ; 
 
 " The participation of the citizens in the forma- 
 tion of the departmental and municipal administra- 
 tions ; 
 
 " The jury for offences of the press ; 
 
 "The responsibility of ministers and secondary 
 agents of the administration, settled by law; 
 
 " Posts in the army legally secured ; 
 
 " The re-election of deputies promoted to public 
 functions. 
 
 "We shall give in short to our institutions, in con- 
 cert with the chief of the state, such developments 
 as they need. 
 
 "Frenchmen, the duke of Orleans himself has 
 already spoken and his language is such as becomes 
 a free country ; < the chambers are to assemble/ 
 
48 
 
 he says to you, ' to advise respecting the means to 
 insure the reign of laws, and the countenance of the 
 nation's rights.' " 
 
 This proclamation was carried to the prince 
 by the deputies of the people on the 31st at 
 2 o'clock ; they left at 2 o'clock the place of 
 their sessions, crossed the garden of the Tu- 
 ileries, and the adjacent streets, through an 
 immense crowd of people, ornamented with 
 the national colors, who cried out with trans- 
 port, Long live the deputies of the nation ! 
 The charter forever ! The deputies answered 
 by the cry, Long live the heroic defenders of 
 Paris! they have saved France! 
 
 The crowd was immense on the place of the 
 Palais Royal ; but all the citizens ranged 
 themselves in order to allow a free passage 
 to the deputies of the nation. When they en- 
 tered in the yard of the palace, a multitude of 
 persons who stood at the windows, cried with 
 an enthusiasm, difficult to be desiribed: Long 
 live the deputies of the French people ! 
 
 Mr Lafitte read to the prince the above 
 proclamation ; at each of the passages which 
 contained the guarantees of our. liberties, the 
 lieutenant general answered with signs of 
 the most cordial assent. At those words of 
 the departmental and municipal organization, 
 
49 
 
 confided to the choice of the people, he said: 
 "Voila la vraie liberie ." (That is true liberty); 
 and when the president arrived at the passage 
 concerning the jury, applied to the offences of 
 : the press, the prince interrupted him, uttering: 
 "-Ah ! yes, most certainly." The reading be- 
 ing ended, the Duke of Orleans expressed him- 
 self at the same time with an emotion and a 
 frankness which produced the most lively en- 
 thusiasm. u Gentlemen," said he, " the salutary 
 principles which you proclaim have always 
 been mine. You call to my mind all the re- 
 collections of my youth, find my last years 
 shall be the continuation of them. I shall 
 labor for the happiness of France, through 
 you and with you, as a good, as a true father 
 of a family. But the deputies of the nation 
 will understand me easily, when I declare to 
 them, that I deeply lament the deplorable cir- 
 cumstances which force me to accept the high 
 mission with which they intrust me, and of 
 which I hope to render myself worthy." 
 
 These words, or rather this cordial and 
 frank acceptation of the great principles of 
 constitutional government, were received by 
 the deputies with expressions of the most live- 
 ly satisfaction. 
 
 The prince added : " Gentlemen, at the mo- 
 
50 
 
 ment you arrived I was going to the H6tel-de- 
 Ville ; I should be very happy to go in the 
 midst of the deputies of the nation." 
 
 The deputies hastened to follow the lieuten- 
 ant general of the kingdom, who mounted on 
 horseback in the yard of the palace without 
 any staff, without other guard than the people, 
 without other suit than the deputies of the 
 country. The prince was in the dress of a 
 general, wearing no other decoration than 
 the ribbon of the legion of honor and the tri- 
 colored cockade. 
 
 To paint the enthusiastic cries of the people 
 would be as difficult as to express their hero- 
 ism during the days of the combat. The 
 crowd pressed in such a way that the deputies 
 were obliged to separate ; and their progress 
 was the more difficult as it was interrupted by 
 the immortal and heroic barricadoes. The cit- 
 izens immediately formed the most admirable 
 escort, that ever accompanied the deputies of 
 the nation and the chief of the government. 
 All march hand in hand, transversely the im- 
 mense distance from the Palais Royal to the 
 H6tel-de-Ville, and thus form a long chain ; 
 and exclaim : u The gendarmes would never 
 have established such order." 
 
 The prince often stopped, with his hat in 
 
51 
 
 his hand, greeting by gesture and voice, the 
 heroic people of the great capital, — a worthy 
 representative of the great nation. The ave- 
 nues to the H6tel-de-Ville were covered with 
 national guards ; the prince said to them : 
 " Gentlemen: I am an old national guard, who 
 comes to visit his ancient general (the General 
 Lafayette)." The proclamation was read again 
 in the great hall of the H6tel-de-Ville by Mr 
 Viennet, deputy of the Herault. 
 
 The place of the H6tel-de-Ville, the quais 
 on both banks of the Seine, the adjacent 
 streets, the windows of all the stories were 
 crowded by a multitude of citizens, all or- 
 namented with the national colors. At the 
 moment when the Duke of Orleans and the 
 hero of the two worlds, General Lafayette ? 
 showed themselves on the balcony of the H6- 
 tel-de-Ville, closely embraced, and waving 
 the glorious tri-colored flag, a thunder of ap- 
 plause, and shouts of Vive la charte ! Vive 
 liberie ! resounded on both banks of the river- 
 Never was a more sublime spectacle, a more 
 imposing, more national offered to the admira- 
 tion of the people. The days of the victory 
 were worthy the heroism of the battle. The 
 thunder of the cannons and the sound of the 
 bells mingled with the shouts of the noble Pa- 
 
52 
 
 risian population. The prince returned to his 
 palace in the midst of the same acclamations, 
 having no other suit than the citizens, no other 
 courtiers than the people. The following 
 proclamation was on the same day circulated 
 in Paris. 
 
 "Inhabitants of Paris! 
 
 " The deputies of France, united at this moment 
 in Paris, have expressed to me their desire that I 
 should proceed to this capital, that I should exer- 
 cise the functions of lieutenant general of thcking- 
 dom. 
 
 " I have not hesitated to come to partake in your 
 dangers, to place myself in the midst of your heroic 
 population, and to do all in my power to preserve it 
 from the calamities of civil war and anarchy. 
 
 " Entering into the city of Paris, I wore with pride 
 those glorious colors which you have resumed, and 
 which I myself wore a long time. 
 
 " The Chambers will assemble ; they shall advise 
 on the means of insuring the reign of laws, and the 
 maintenance of the rights of the nation. 
 
 " The charter will be in future a truth, 
 
 " LOUIS PHILIP, of Orleans/* 
 
53 
 
 OPENING OF THE CHAMBERS. 
 
 DECLARATION BY THE DEPUTIES OF LOUIS PHILIP I. 
 KING OF THE FRENCH. 
 
 The Duke of Orleans being proclaimed 
 lieutenant general of the kingdom by a portion 
 of the deputies, it became important that this 
 act, dictated by necessity, should be sanctioned 
 by the chambers regularly assembled and de- 
 liberating in majority. The 3d of August 
 therefore was anxiously expected, as the day 
 fixed upon for the opening of the session. 
 This assembling of the deputies and definitive 
 proclamation respecting the government had 
 become highly urgent since the happy issue of 
 the events of Paris. In this incertitude as to 
 the future state of things, several parties were 
 formed in the capital, each desiring a form of 
 government according to their favorite ideas. 
 A numerous club, composed of members of the 
 ancient society, Jlide-toi) le del faidera, had 
 established itself at a restorateur's, Lointier, 
 street Richelieu, No. 104. There, young 
 men, full of generous sentiments, proclaimed 
 the republic as the only wish, as the only want 
 of France. They gave themselves up to the 
 boldest theories, covered the walls of Paris 
 5* 
 
54 
 
 with handbills, expressing democratic ideas, 
 carried to an excess. No taxes! they said, ».- 
 No nobility! no high functionaries! everything 
 by the people who have conquered! Some jour- 
 nals encouraged these dangerous doctrines. 
 They saw with regret the proclamation of the 
 lieutenant general,: they maintained that the* 
 provisionary committee of government had < 
 not the right to abdicate the functions which 
 it held by the insurrection; they farther said, 
 that France did not want a king but a presi- 
 dent; that we wanted the republic of the Uni- 
 ted States, and, at last, that if nevertheless, 
 the Duke of Orleans should reign, it would be 
 necessary to bind him by a new constitution, 
 and to submit his election to the assent of the 
 people. 
 
 Far be it from us to throw the slightest 
 blame upon Frenchmen who could be misled 
 by a generous sentiment. No doubt all acted 
 in good faith, and desired nothing but the 
 prosperity and liberty of the country; but we 
 must be allowed to ask, if conquered royalism 
 had any mantle in which to disguise itself, wa3 
 it not that of republicanism? In fact, is there 
 anything more calculated to cause division 
 among us, to throw amidst us the brands of 
 discord, than this attempt to re-establish those 
 
55 
 
 republican forms which have so often been 
 tried in vain in France. The sudden procla- 
 mation of a republic would have alarmed the 
 departments; it would have served as a pre- 
 text for the malcontent to excite the public 
 mind, it might have kindled sudden war! .... 
 W,e say nothing of a foreign war: the people 
 who in three days have overthrown despotism, 
 have to fear nothing from the aggressions of 
 Europe; but, on the. whole, would it be pru- 
 dent to open again a new series of ruinous 
 wars, and to run again the chance of a coali- 
 tion over which it would have been impossible 
 to triumph without immense sacrifices? 
 
 All reflecting minds felt therefore, the urgent 
 necessity of paying a state of things, truly 
 alarming, to create a government, and to es- 
 tablish liberty under a new dynasty, of which 
 a constitution would be the condition of its ex- 
 istence. The assembling of the chambers was 
 the natural means to arrive at this result. 
 
 On the third of August the chamber of dep- 
 uties and that of the peers, assembled in their 
 usual hall. In one of them preparations had 
 been made to receive the lieutenant general 
 of the kingdom. A throne had been erected 
 in haste; the lily disappeared under the tri- 
 colored flags. At 10 o'clock, the Duke of 
 
56 
 
 Orleans, accompanied by his family, proceeded 
 through a numerous crowd, without other reti- 
 nue than the national guard, united in haste, 
 and of whom only half were in uniform. Shouts 
 of enthusiasm accompanied him on his way, 
 sometimes mingled with cries of opposition; 
 republicans mixed with the groups crying,, 
 Liberty forever! No king! No king! Arrived 
 in the court of the palace of the chamber, the 
 lieutenant general met on his passage a body of 
 young men carrying the tri-colored flag covered 
 with crape; they were armed with pistols, and 
 uttered the almost revolutionary cries; Down 
 with royalism! The republic forever! We 
 do not want a king! Some of the young men 
 were arrested: in the mean time the Duke of 
 Orleans arrived in the midst of the two cham- 
 bers. He took his seat on a chair by the side 
 of the throne, and pronounced the following 
 address: — 
 
 " Messieurs les Paris et Messieurs les Deputes. 
 
 " Paris disturbed in her peace by a deplorable 
 violation of the Charter and the laws, has defended 
 it with heroic courage ! In the midst of this bloody 
 struggle, no guarantee of public order was left. 
 The persons, property, rights, everything which is 
 precious and dear to men and to citizens, were ex- 
 posed to the greatest danger. 
 
57 
 
 11 In this absence of all public power, the wish of 
 my fellow citizens has turned towards me ; they 
 have judged me worthy to concur with them in pro- 
 moting the welfare of the country; they have invi- 
 ted me to exercise the functions of lieutenant gen- 
 eral of the kingdom. 
 
 " Their cause seemed to me just, the dangers 
 immense, the necessity imperious, my duty sacred. 
 T have hastened in the midst of this brave people, 
 followed by my family, and wearing these colors, 
 which, for the second time have marked among 
 us the triumph of liberty. 
 
 " I have hastened to you, firmly resolved to do 
 everything which circumstances might exact from 1 
 me, in the situation in which they have placed me, 
 in order to re-establish the reign of the laws, td save 
 threatened liberty, and to prevent the return of such 
 great evils, by establishing forever the power of 
 that charter, the name of <which, invoked during the. 
 battle, was no less so after the victory. 
 
 "In the fulfilment of this noble task it belongs to 
 the Chambers to guide me. All rights ought to be 
 solidly guaranteed. All institutions, necessary for 
 this full and free exercise, ought to receive the ne- 
 cessary developments. Attached from my heart 
 and conviction to the principles of a free govern- 
 ment., I accept in anticipation all the consequences 
 of it. I think it my duty this day to call your atten- 
 tion to the organization of the National Guards, the 
 application of the jury to offences of the press, the 
 formation of departmental and municipal adminis- 
 
68 
 
 trations, and before all to that 14th article of the 
 charter which has been so odiously interpreted. 
 
 "It is with these sentiments, gentlemen, that I 
 come to open this session. 
 
 " The past grieves me. I deplore the calamities 
 which I would have prevented; in the midst of this 
 magnanimous enthusiasm of the capital and all 
 French cities, at the aspect of order, regenerating 
 with a marvellous promptitude, after a resistance, 
 pure from all excess, a just national pride moves my 
 heart, and I look with confidence upon the future. 
 
 "Yes, gentlemen, France, which is so dear to us f 
 will be happy and free. She will prove to Europe 
 that solely occupied with her internal prosperity, she 
 cherishes peace as much as liberty, and wishes only 
 for the happiness and tranquillity of her neighbors^ 
 
 "Respect for all rights, care for all interests, good 
 faith in government, are the best means of disarm- 
 ing parties, and producing that confidence and sta- 
 bility, which are the only sure guarantees of the 
 happiness of nations and the strength of states. 
 
 " Peers and Deputies — As soon as the Chambers 
 shall be constituted, I shall make them acquainted 
 with the act of abdication of his Majesty the king, 
 Charles X. By this same act his Royal Highness 
 Louis Anthony of France, renounces equally his 
 rights. This act was delivered into my hands, yes- 
 terday, the 2d of August, at 11 o'clock. I ordain 
 this morning the deposit of it in the Archives of the 
 Chamber of Peers, and I shall cause it to be insert- 
 ed in the official part of the Moniteur," 
 
59 
 
 This address was received with applause, 
 and the Prince returned to his palace with the 
 same acclamations. 
 
 The moment these things happened in Paris, 
 Charles X., having retired to Rambouillet, ad- 
 dressed to the lieutenant general of the king- 
 dom, with the act of abdication, of which men- 
 tion is made in the above address of the Duke 
 of Orleans, the demand of a safe conduct, that, 
 as he said, he might retire in safety. The 
 commune of Paris gave this safe conduct, and 
 nominated three commissionaries to accompa- 
 ny the king to the frontier. These were Mr 
 de Schonen, the Marshal Maison, and Odilon- 
 Barrot. These commissionaries immediately 
 set out for Rambouillet. How great was their 
 astonishment when they learned that Charles 
 X. refused to receive them, rejected the safe 
 conduct, alleging that he and the Duke of An- 
 gouleme had not abdicated, except in favor of 
 the Duke of Bordeaux, and that he should re- 
 main at Rambouillet until he had received a 
 satisfactory answer from the lieutenant general 
 of the kingdom; that he should defend him- 
 self until death, if they were disposed to vio- 
 lence. The commissionaries hastened back, 
 to announce at Paris this result. 
 
60 
 
 It is not necessary to express the sentiments 
 which agitated all, at the reception of this 
 strange news. It was immediately decided, 
 that a Parisian army, composed of ten thou- 
 sand men, should set out for Rambouillet, and 
 carry to this roi raisonneur the decision of 
 France. General Pajol was placed at the 
 head of this force ; but instead of ten thousand 
 men, thirty thousand soon enlisted ; the 
 Champs- Ely sees , the place of rendezvous, was 
 in a moment filled with volunteers, ready for 
 the combat. From four to six hundred coach- 
 es, fiacres, coucons, carls, &c, were filled with 
 men, and the rest set out on foot with several 
 pieces of artillery; however, in order to avoid, 
 if possible, the evils of a battle, the commis- 
 sionaries returned to their post, to try a last 
 effort with the ex-king. 
 
 Arriving some hours before the army at 
 Rambouillet, they proceeded to Charles X., 
 whom they found surrounded by from six to 
 seven thousand men, a greater number than 
 had been anticipated; they showed him again 
 the dangers and calamities to which his resist- 
 ance would lead. The ex-king hesitated for 
 a long time; he saw, with grief, his cause en- 
 tirely lost; but, at length, he perceived the 
 impossibility to resist such superior forces, and, 
 
6i 
 
 no doubt, also saw what increased hatred, a 
 murderous conflict would draw upon his head; 
 he decided to depart. The route was indica- 
 ted for Cherbourg; and the three commission- 
 aries, after having determined the number of 
 troops, who should accompany the ex-king ? 
 set out with him. 
 
 This news was immediately carried to the 
 army near Rombouillet ; it was only three 
 quarters of a league distant; it seized a great 
 number of coaches belonging to the ex-court, 
 and returned to Paris. The greatest order, 
 and a religious respect for property was ob- 
 served by the army in all the places it passed, 
 and Paris saw it re-enter on the 4th, singing 
 the Marseilles Hymn, and with shouts of Vive 
 la Charte! On the whole route the army had 
 been received with enthusiasm by the other 
 citizens. At Severes provisions of all kinds 
 had been furnished; part of the Parisians had 
 been received and lodged in private houses; 
 everywhere they were considered as brethren 
 and defenders. 
 
 It was a singular spectacle to see this army 
 defiling on the quais of Paris, in the midst of 
 an immense population. The coaches of the 
 court, which they had seized, preceded the 
 march, filled with soldiers, national guards and 
 
63 
 
 citizens. Those who had not found room in- 
 side, seated themselves on the top, which of- 
 fered the aspect of war chariots. The gilt 
 coaches were followed by a long file of wagons 
 and fiacres, equally filled with citizens, who, 
 from time to time, discharged their muskets. 
 It was in fact at once a military and civic so- 
 lemnity of which no precedent has been seen. 
 To return to the events in Paris, the address 
 of the lieutenant general of the kingdom pro- 
 duced generally a good effect. Nobody doubt- 
 ed the intentions and character of this prince; 
 but the partizans of a republic contested the 
 right of the chamber of deputies to call a 
 sovereign to the throne, without having con- 
 sulted the nation; they said> not without ap- 
 pearance of reason, that this chamber elected 
 under other circumstances, carrying the im- 
 press of the double vote with it, destined solely 
 to provide for the want of the state, in concert 
 with the chamber of peers, within the limits 
 of the charter, had no mandate to reform this 
 charter, and, above all, to make those modifi- 
 cations in the peerage, which had become 
 absolutely necessary. They added, that the 
 insurrection of the three days had annulled 
 the charter, that it had destroyed everything, 
 and that the meeting of the primary assem- 
 
 
63 
 
 blies, in order to elect new deputies, was in- 
 dispensable. 
 
 It was answered, that an election, in the 
 state of anarchy in which France then was, 
 would have offered the greatest dangers; that 
 the chamber, vitiated as it was, by the double 
 vote, was the sole power, whose origin was 
 popular; that it was that this chamber should 
 not be dissolved, that Paris had fought. Final- 
 ly, the chamber was, as the only existing pow- 
 er, invested by necessity with an incontestable 
 omnipotence. 
 
 The chamber, therefore, began its labors in 
 spite of the opposition, and the lieutenant 
 general, to whom the provisionary government 
 had resigned its functions, exercised the execu- 
 tive power; he nominated as his provisional 
 ministers, men who had been chosen previous- 
 ly. The Marshal Jourdan received the de- 
 partment of Foreign Affairs; Mr Dupont de 
 l'Eure that of Justice; Mr Guizot the Inte- 
 rior; Baron Louis the Finances; General Ge- 
 rard, War; Mr Bignon, Public Instruction; 
 and, in absence of Mr de Rigny, Mr Tupinier, 
 ad interim, the Navy. 
 
 The chamber began, by declaring itself 
 permanent, hastily verified the returns of its 
 members, nominated the candidates for the 
 
64 
 
 presidency, and, with a "Jewish respect " for 
 rules, which ought to have perished with so 
 many other things, submitted its choices to 
 the approbation of the lieutenant general. 
 
 Time was pressing ; already accused by 
 some of tardiness, by others of usurpation, in 
 the midst of an excited capital, the chamber of 
 deputies could not too promptly re-establish a 
 public power, and give safety to all interests. 
 It was nevertheless, impossible to give France 
 a king, without submitting the constitutional 
 charter to a severe revision, an instrument, 
 the basis of which is good, but which by its 
 form, its preamble, and several provisions, 
 offended public reason. It was also necessary 
 to pronounce on the fate of the peerage, sunk 
 in public opinion on account of the servile 
 composition, and the hereditariness of which 
 many rejected. 
 
 On August 6th, a deputy, generally respect- 
 ed in France, Mr Berard, read the following 
 proposition. 
 
 "Gentlemen, — A solemn pact united the 
 French people with their monarch ; this pact 
 was broken ; the violator of the contract can, 
 under no title, claim the execution of it. 
 Charles X. and his son pretended in vain to 
 transmit a power, which they did no longer 
 
65 
 
 possess. This power is extinguished in the 
 blood of thousands of victims. The act of ab- 
 dication, which has been laid before you, is a 
 new act of perfidy ; the appearance of legali- 
 ty, which it wears, is but a deception ; is a 
 brand of discord thrown among us ; the base 
 enemies of our country, those who, by flattery, 
 have ruined the powers just overthrown, be- 
 come active on all sides ; they show them- 
 selves in all colors ; they proclaim all opinions. 
 If a vague desire of liberty seizes some gene- 
 rous minds, these enemies hasten to take ad- 
 vantage of a sentiment, which they are inca- 
 pable to understand, and ultra-royalists pre- 
 sent themselves in the dress of rigid republi- 
 cans. 
 
 " Some affect a hypocritical attachment for 
 the forgotten son of the conqueror of Europe, 
 which would change into hatred, if it should be 
 proposed to make him chief of France. 
 
 " The inevitable instability of the present 
 means of government encourage the promoters 
 of discord ; let us hasten to disarm them. A 
 supreme law, that of necessity, has put arms 
 into the hands of the Parisians, to repulse op- 
 pression; this law has caused us to adopt as a 
 provisionary chief, and as the only means of 
 safety, a prince, who is the sincere friend of con- 
 6* 
 
66 
 
 stitutional institutions; the same law requires 
 us to adopt without delay a definitive chief of 
 the government. 
 
 " But, whatever confidence this prince in- 
 spires, the rights which we are called upon to 
 defend, oblige us to establish the conditions 
 under which he shall receive the power. Odi- 
 ously deceived on several occasions it will be 
 permitted to us to stipulate severe guarantees. 
 Our institutions are incomplete, vitiated even 
 in certain points of view, it is necessary to ex- 
 tend them, and to reform them; the prince, 
 who stands at our head, has already antici- 
 pated our wants, the principles of several fun- 
 damental laws have been laid before the cham- 
 bers and recognised by him; other principles, 
 other laws are not less indispensable and will 
 be also proposed to you. 
 
 " We are the elected delegates of the people, 
 gentlemen; they have intrusted us with their 
 rights; their first wants, their dearest interests 
 are liberty and tranquillity. They have 
 wrested liberty from the hands of tyranny; it 
 belongs to us to secure this tranquillity, and 
 we cannot do it, but by giving them a stable 
 and just government. It would be in vain to 
 pretend that in acting thus, we should exceed 
 our powers; I could refute such an objection, 
 
6T 
 
 if it really should be made, by calling to mind 
 the law which I have already marked, that of 
 imperious, of immovable necessity. 
 
 " In this state of things, taking into consid- 
 eration the grave and pressing situation in 
 which the country is, its indispensable neces- 
 sity to leave a precarious position, and the 
 universal wishes manifested by France to ob- 
 tain the completion of its institutions, I have 
 the honor to propose to the chamber the follow- 
 ing resolutions : 
 
 " The chamber of the deputies taking into 
 consideration, in the public interest, the impe- 
 rious necessity which results from the events 
 of the 26, 27, 28, 29th of July last, and of the 
 following days, and from the general situation 
 of France, declares that the throne is vacant, 
 and that it is indispensably necessary to fill it. 
 
 u The chamber of deputies declares second- 
 ly, that according to the wish and interest of 
 the French nation, the preamble and the fol- 
 lowing articles of the constitutional charter 
 ought to be suppressed and modified in the 
 manner to be indicated ; # the chamber of dep- 
 uties declares thirdly, that, it is necessary to 
 
 * The text of the charter with the new modifications, 
 is to be found at the end of the volume; we omit the de- 
 tails of the amendments proposed by Mr Berard. 
 
68 
 
 provide successively by separate laws and with 
 the least possible delay — 
 
 " 1. For the extension of the jury to the de- 
 lits correctionnels and particularly to those of 
 the press; 
 
 " 2. For the responsibility of the ministers 
 and the subordinate agents of the power; 
 
 "8. For the re-election of deputies appoint- 
 ed to offices of government; 
 
 <c 4. For the annual vote of the military con- 
 tingent; 
 
 " 5. For the organization of the national 
 guard, with the participation of the national 
 guards in the choice of their officers; 
 
 u 6. For a military code securing in a legal 
 manner the rank of all officers; 
 
 " For the departmental and municipal admin- 
 istration with the participation of the citizens 
 in their formation; 
 
 a 8. For public instruction and the liberty of 
 teaching; 
 
 " 9. For the abolition of the double vote and 
 for the settling the qualifications of electors 
 and of eligibility. 
 
 " And moreover, that all the new nomina- 
 tions and creations of peers made under the 
 reign of King Charles X. are declared null 
 and void. 
 
69 
 
 u On condition of the acceptance of these 
 conditions and propositions, the chamber of 
 deputies declares that the universal and ur- 
 gent interest of the French nation calls to the 
 throne H. R. H. Louis Philip of Orleans, 
 Duke of Orleans, lieutenant general of the 
 kingdom, his descendants forever in the male 
 line, by order of primogeniture, with the per- 
 petual exclusion of females and their descend- 
 ants. 
 
 " In consequence, H. R. H. Louis Philip 
 of Orleans, lieutenant general of the kingdom, 
 shall be invited to accept and to swear to the 
 clauses and engagements above mentioned, 
 the observation of the constitutional charter 
 with the modifications indicated, and, after 
 having done so, shall adopt the title, King of 
 the French. " 
 
 This proposition, however incomplete it may 
 appear, on account of the precipitation with 
 which it was prepared, was generally approv- 
 ed ; the greatest number of the deputies saw 
 in it the safety of the country ; the ministers 
 with whom it had been concerted, applauded 
 it more particularly. Some wished to delib- 
 erate on the moment; but, on the proposition 
 of Messrs Hyde de Neuville, Aug. Perier and 
 Villemain, a committee was nominated. A 
 
70 
 
 single deputy, Mr Demargay, the organ of 
 the republican opposition, opposed the whole 
 proposition. In his eyes it was objectionable, 
 as it tended to preserve the Charter of Louis 
 XVIII. Mr. Demaroay wanted a constitu- 
 tion altogether new ; his proposition was re- 
 jected. 
 
 Although the special committee^ charged to 
 make a report on the proposition of Mr Be- 
 rard, were not to have presented this report 
 till the next day, new reflections on the ur- 
 gency of the case decided it to hasten its 
 work ; it announced that it should be ready at 
 8 o r clock in the evening, and a session at 
 night was decided upon. 
 
 Meanwhile an insurrection seemed to threat- 
 en in Paris. The republicans dissatisfied to 
 see that within a few hours a king was to be 
 proclaimed, indignant particularly that the pro- 
 position of Mr Berard should have preserved 
 the hereditary peerage and nobility, assem- 
 bled; they armed themselves and to the number 
 of more than a thousand, proceeded to the 
 chamber of deputies, after having passed the 
 quais of the left bank of the Seine, utter- 
 ing the cries ; " down with the chamber of 
 peers !" " down with hereditary peers !" 
 " no more privileges!" " the chamber of 
 
71 
 
 deputies betrays us I" The crowd constantly 
 increasing, occupied the ways leading to the 
 hall, and seemed determined to interrupt the 
 deliberations. Several deputies, met with in 
 the midst of the crowd, are stopped and ill- 
 treated; at length Messrs Mauguin and Ben- 
 jamin Constant by solicitations, succeed in 
 calming the insurgents, who at last retire. 
 
 At ten o'clock in the evening, Mr Bavaux 
 ascended the tribune ; he proposed to vote 
 thanks to the city of Paris and to invite gov- 
 ernment to provide for the erection of a monu- 
 ment which should transmit to the remotest 
 posterity, the memory of the 27th, 28th ; and 
 29th of July. 
 
 A moment later Mr Dupin the elder read 
 a report of the committee, on the motion of 
 Mr Berard. This report approves the pro- 
 position in the greatest part of its provisions, 
 and modifies several others ; it was proposed, 
 for instance, to substitute for the words, the 
 catholic religion is the religion of the State, the 
 following ; the catholic religion is the religion of 
 the majority of the French. A modification 
 which excited a murmur. 
 
 The discussion, in spite of demands of sev- 
 eral members to the contrary, is adjourned for 
 the next morning. 
 
72 
 
 Early in the morning the accesses of the 
 chamber are filled ; but the assembly, re- 
 collecting the scenes of the evening before, 
 had sent national guards to occupy all the 
 outer doors : the groups therefore could not 
 form themselves, except without the hall of 
 the deliberations. They were numerous and 
 animated ; the republicans in a small minority 
 made themselves conspicuous by the vivaci- 
 ty of their language. From time to time the 
 national guards requested them to separate, 
 but they soon formed themselves again and 
 renewed their lively discussions. 
 
 It is said that melancholy quarrels began 
 to take place, that even some acts of violence 
 were committed, and that several challenges 
 were given and accepted. All these symp- 
 toms of agitation induced the chamber to 
 hasten. 
 
 The discussion was completed the same day. 
 It began with some discourses in favor of the 
 Duke of Bordeaux, filled with lamentation 
 and regrets. Mr de Conny displayed an os- 
 tentatious grief ; that of Mr Hyde de Neuville 
 was natural and touching. Some deputies 
 abstained, from scruples on account of the na- 
 ture of their instructions ; but an immense ma- 
 jority, desirous to avoid anarchy at "every 
 
73 
 
 pYice," passed to the business and the proposi- 
 tion was discussed. 
 
 It is not our intention to enter into the d 
 tails of the modifications, more or less impor- 
 tant, which were proposed by different orators. 
 The Charter, such as it remains, will be found 
 at the end of this work. We only shall men- 
 tion, that the chamber, called upon to decide 
 the hereditary peerage, dared not to meet the 
 question, and thought best to adjourn the dis- 
 cussion of this principle, so delicate, but so 
 important in our institutions, to the next year. 
 The proposition of Mr Berard, now a de- 
 claration of the chamber of deputies, and 
 amended in several respects, was adopted by 
 a majority of 219 votes out of 252; and the 
 whole chamber immediately proceeded to the 
 Palais-Royal, to present it to the Duke of 
 Orleans. The march took place at 5 o'clock 
 in the evening, through an immense crowd of 
 citizens, applauding by gestures and exclama- 
 tions, and transported with enthusiasm and 
 gratitude to the deputies, who saved the coun- 
 try from the dangers of anarchy. The prince 
 received the assembly with evident emotion; 
 with tears in his eyes he answered: 
 
 " I receive with deep emotion the declara- 
 tion which you have presented to me; I con- 
 7 
 
74 
 
 sider it as the expression of the national will, 
 and it seems to me in concert with the political 
 principles which I have always professed. 
 
 u Filled with recollections which have made 
 me wish not to be destined to ascend the throne, 
 without ambition, and accustomed to the 
 peaceful life which I led in my family, I can- 
 not hide from you the sentiments which agitate 
 my heart in this great conjunction; but there 
 is one which predominates; it is the love of 
 my country. I feel its dictates, and I shall 
 obey them." 
 
 These noble words, pronounced with the 
 accent of deep emotion, moved all present; on 
 every side the shouts were heard: Long live 
 the Duke of Orleans! Long live the king! 
 
 Whilst the chamber of deputies presented 
 this declaration to the lieutenant general, 
 it was transmitted to the chamber of peers, 
 which assembled at 9 o'clock in the evening, 
 to deliberate on it. It was very clear that that 
 timid assembly would accept everything pro- 
 posed to it. However, there an opponent was 
 found in Mr de Chateaubriand, who thought 
 himself obliged to make a last and useless pro- 
 testation in favor of the Duke of Bordeaux. 
 The following is his discourse. 
 
75 
 
 " Gentlemen, 
 
 u The declaration brought to this chamber, 
 is, for me, far less difficult, than for those 
 peers who profess an opinion different from 
 mine. One fact in this declaration predom- 
 inates, in my opinion, over all others, or, 
 rather destroys them. If we were in a regu- 
 lar order of things, I should, no doubt, care- 
 fully examine all the changes which are de- 
 signed to be made in the charter. Several of 
 these changes have been proposed by myself. 
 I only am surprised that it was thought proper 
 to occupy this chamber with a retractive 
 measure regarding the peers created by 
 Charles X. I am not suspected of feebleness 
 for the fournees, and you know that I contest- 
 ed even the threat of it 5 but to make us judges 
 of our colleagues, to erase from the list of 
 peers, at pleasure, whomever the strongest 
 party shall choose, too much resembles a 
 proscription. Is it the intention to destroy 
 the peerage? be it so, better loose life than 
 ask it. 
 
 " I reproach myself for even these few 
 words, upon a subject, which, important as it 
 is, disappears in the grandeur of the event. 
 France is without direction; and I shall oc- 
 cupy myself with what must be done with the 
 
76 
 
 masts of a vessel that has lost a rudder! 1 
 pass, then, over everything in the declaration 
 of the elective chamber, which is of a second- 
 ary interest; keeping entirely to the question 
 of the real or pretended vacancy of the throne: 
 I proceed directly to the point. 
 
 u A grievous question must be considered. 
 If the throne is vacant, we are free to choose 
 our form of government. 
 
 " Before we offer the crown to any person 
 whatever, it will be well to know in what kind 
 of political order we shall constitute the social 
 order. Are we to establish a republic, or a 
 new monarchy? 
 
 u A republic, or a new monarchy, wouldj, 
 either, offer to France sufficient guarantees of 
 permanence, strength, and tranquillity. 
 
 " A republic would have against it the recol- 
 lections of the republic. These recollections 
 are by no means effaced; that time has not 
 been forgotten when death leaned upon the 
 arms of liberty and equality. When you have 
 fallen into a new anarchy, shall you be able to 
 awake upon his rock that Hercules, who alone 
 would be able to suffocate the monster? Of 
 such men, there are five or six in history: 
 within some thousand years, posterity may see 
 another Napoleon; we cannot expect it 
 
77 
 
 " In our relations with the states, which 
 surround us, a republic, if I mistake not, 
 would not be practicable. The first difficulty 
 would be to bring all Frenchmen to agree; 
 what right would the population of Paris have 
 to constrain the people of Marseilles, or any 
 other place to constitute themselves into a re- 
 public. Should there be one, or twenty, or 
 thirty republics ? Should they be confederate, 
 or independent? Let us pass over these ob- 
 stacles; let us suppose a single republic; with 
 our natural familiarity, do you believe that a 
 President, however dignified, however respec- 
 table, however able he might be, would be at 
 the head of the state one year, without feeling 
 tempted to retire? Little supported by laws 
 and recollections, exposed to humiliations, in- 
 sulted evening and morning by secret rivals 
 and agents of disturbances, he would neither 
 inspire the confidence, so necessary to com- 
 merce and property, he would possess neither 
 the dignity necessary to treat with foreign 
 governments, nor the necessary power to main- 
 tain order in the interior; if he used revolu- 
 tionary means, the republic would become odi- 
 ous. Europe, alarmed, would take advantage 
 of these divisions, would foster them, would 
 
 interfere, and we should again find ourselves 
 
 7* 
 
78 
 
 engaged in frightful struggles. Representa- 
 tive republics, is, perhaps, the future state of 
 the world, but the time has not arrived. 
 
 " I proceed to the question of a monarchy. 
 
 " A king, nominated by the chambers, or 
 elected by the people, will be always, what- 
 ever may be done, a novelty. Now, I sup- 
 pose, that liberty is wanted, particularly lib- 
 erty of the press, for which the people have 
 gained a surprising victory. Well, then ! 
 every new monarchy will be obliged, sooner or 
 later, to restrict this liberty. Could Napoleon 
 himself suffer it? The daughter of our mis- 
 fortunes, and slave of our glory, the liberty of 
 the press, is safe only under a government which 
 is already deeply rooted. A monarchy, the 
 child of one bloody night, would it have noth- 
 ing to fear from the diversity of opinions? 
 Some can preach the republic, some another 
 system. Do you not fear that you would soon 
 be obliged to have recourse to 6 laws of excep- 
 tion,' in spite of the eight words suppressed 
 in the 8th article of the Charter? 
 
 " What then would you, friends of regulated 
 liberty, have gained by the proposed change? 
 You would inevitably fall into a republic, or 
 into legalized slavery. The monarchy would 
 be overwhelmed and carried away by the tor- 
 
79 
 
 rent of democratic laws, or the monarch by the 
 commotion of factions. 
 
 " In the first instance of success, it is always 
 imagined that everything is easy; it is ex- 
 pected to satisfy all exigencies, all humors, 
 all interests; people flatter themselves that 
 every one will waive his personal views and 
 vanities; it is believed that the superiority of 
 enlightened men and the wisdom of govern- 
 ment will surmount difficulties without number; 
 but at the end of a few months, practice shows 
 the fallacy of the theory. 
 
 " I present you, gentlemen, but a few of the 
 inconveniences attached to the formation of a 
 republic, or a new monarchy. If both have 
 their perils, there remains a third part to be 
 taken, and this is well worth the trouble of a 
 few words. 
 
 H Execrable ministers have polluted the 
 crown, and they have supported the violation 
 of faith by murder; they trifled with oaths 
 made to heaven, with laws sworn to the earth. 
 
 " Foreigners, who twice have entered Paris 
 without resistance, know the true cause of 
 your success: you presented yourselves in the 
 name of legal power. If you should appear 
 today in support of tyranny, do you believe 
 the doors of the capital of the civilized world 
 
80 
 
 would be opened as easily to you ? The French 
 nation has grown up since your departure., 
 under the reign of constitutional laws; our 
 children of fourteen years are giants. Our 
 conscripts at Algiers, our scholars at Paris, 
 show you the sons of the conquerors at Aus- 
 terlitz, Marengo and Vienna; but the sons 
 are fortified with all that liberty adds to 
 glory. 
 
 " Never was a defence more just and more 
 heroic than that of the people of Paris. They 
 did not rise against the law, but for the law; 
 as long as the social compact was respect- 
 ed, the people remained quiet; they have 
 borne, without complaint, insults, provocations, 
 threats; they owed their money and their 
 blood in exchange for the charter; they have 
 spent both. But when, after having been false 
 to the last hour, the ministry sounded the sig- 
 nal of servitude; when the conspiracy of folly 
 and hypocrisy broke out of a sudden; when 
 a ' terror of the palace,' organized by eu- 
 nuchs, believed itself able to supplant the reign 
 of the republic of terror, and the iron yoke of 
 the empire, then the people armed itself with 
 intelligence and courage; it was found that 
 these shop keepers breathed easily in the smoke 
 of powder, and that there more was necessary 
 
to manage them than four soldiers and a corpo- 
 ral. A century could not have ripened so 
 much in the destiny of a nation as the three 
 last suns which shone upon France. A crime 
 was committed; it has produced the explosion 
 of a principle; shall we, on account of this 
 crime, and this moral and political triumph, 
 which has been the consequence of it, over- 
 throw the established order of things? Let us 
 examine, 
 
 " Charles X. and his son have fallen, or 
 have abdicated, if you prefer to consider it so, 
 but the throne is not vacant; after them came 
 a child, should we condemn his innocence? 
 
 u What blood cries out against him ? Would 
 you dare to say that of his father ? This orphan, 
 brought up in the schools of the country, in the 
 love of constitutional government, and in the 
 ideas of this century, might have become a 
 king suited to the wants of the future. It 
 should be the guardian of his childhood, who 
 should be required to take the oath to the de- 
 claration on which you are going to vote; 
 having become of age, the young monarch 
 would have renewed the oath. The Duke of 
 Orleans, regent of the kingdom, a Prince who 
 has lived near the people, and who knows that 
 monarchy in this age, can be but a monarchy 
 
82 
 
 of consent and reason, would have been vir- 
 tually king. This natural combination would 
 have seemed to me a great means of concilia- 
 tion, and, perhaps, would have spared France 
 the agitations which are the consequences of 
 violent changes in the state. 
 
 u To say that this child, separated from his 
 masters, would not have time to forget, even 
 their names, before he should have become 
 a man; to say that he would remain infatuated 
 with certain hereditary dogmas, after a long 
 popular education, after a terrible lesson 
 which has overthrown two kings in one night! 
 is this reasonable? 
 
 " It is neither by a sentimental devotedness, 
 nor by a nurse's tenderness, transmitted from 
 the cradle of St Louis to that of the young 
 Henry, that I plead the cause in which again 
 everything would turn against me, if it should 
 triumph. I view not the subject as a romance, 
 nor for a display of chivalry, nor for a martyr- 
 dom, I do not believe in the divine right of 
 royalty , but I believe in the power of revolutions 
 and facts. I do not even invoke the Charter; 
 I take my ideas much higher; I draw them 
 from the philosophical sphere, from the epoch 
 where my life expires. I propose the Duke 
 of Bordeaux, simply as a necessity of better 
 temper than that which is proposed. 
 
83 
 
 u I know that in setting aside this child, it 
 is the wish to establish the principle of the 
 sovereignty of the people — a foolish maxim 
 of the old school, which proves that in regard 
 to politics our old democrats have not made 
 more progress than the veterans of royalty. 
 There is no absolute sovereignty on either 
 side; liberty does not flow from political right, 
 as it was supposed in the eighteenth century; 
 it flows from the natural right, which is the 
 reason that it may exist in all forms of gov- 
 ernment, and that a monarchy may be much 
 freer than a republic; but here is neither the 
 time nor the place to deliver a system of poli- 
 tics. 
 
 u I shall content myself with remarking, that 
 when the people have disposed of the throne, 
 they have often also disposed of their liberty; 
 I will only observe, that the principle of heredi- 
 tary monarchy, absurd in its appearance, has 
 been recognised by usage as preferable to the 
 principle of an elective monarchy. The rea- 
 sons of this are evident and I need not devel- 
 ope them. You will choose a king today; 
 who will prevent you from choosing another 
 tomorrow? The law, you say? The law? 
 And you are the very persons who make it! 
 
84 
 
 " There is still another more simple way to 
 settle the question. We do not want any 
 longer the elder branch of the Bourbons. And 
 why do you not want them any longer ? Be- 
 cause we are victorious; and we have triumph- 
 ed in a just and holy cause; we make use of 
 the doable right of conquest. 
 
 a Well, you proclaim the sovereignty of 
 force. Then carefully keep this force, be- 
 cause if within a few months it escape you, it 
 would ill become you to complain of it. Such 
 is human nature! The most enlightened 
 minds and the most just, do not always elevate 
 themselves above the success. They were 
 the first, these minds, to invoke right against 
 violence; they supported this right by all the 
 superiority of their talents, and in the very 
 moment when the truth of that which they 
 assert is demonstrated by the most abominable 
 abuse of force, and by the overthrow of this 
 force, the conquerors make use of the weapon 
 which they have broken! Dangerous frag- 
 ments which will wound their hands without 
 being of any use. I have carried the war into 
 the enemies' country; I have not^bivouacked 
 in the past under the old colors of the dead, 
 colors not without glory but which have long 
 trailed down on the standard that bears them. 
 
85 
 
 because no breath of life moves them. If I 
 should disturb the ashes of the thirtyfive 
 Capets, I should not draw from them a single 
 argument which even would be listened to. 
 The idolatry of a name is abolished; monarchy 
 is no longer a religion, it is a political form, 
 preferable at this moment to every other, be- 
 cause it better joins order to liberty. 
 
 " A useless Cassandra, I have fatigued the 
 throne and the peerage with my despised 
 warnings, nothing remains for me but to sit 
 down upon the fragments of a wreck which I 
 have so often predicted. I grant all power to 
 misfortune, except that of dissolving my oaths 
 of fidelity. I have also to render my life uni- 
 form : after all that I have done, said, and 
 written for the Bourbons, I should be the 
 meanest of wretches if I denied them, in the 
 moment when for the third and last time they 
 go into exile. 
 
 " I leave fear to those generous royalists who 
 never have sacrificed an obolus or a place to 
 their loyalty, to these champions of the altar and 
 the throne who a short time ago treated me as a 
 renegado, apostate 'and revolutionist. Pious 
 libelists, the renegado calls upon you! come 
 forward to stammer out one word, a single 
 word with him for the unfortunate master, who 
 8 
 
86 
 
 rewarded you with gifts, and whom you have 
 ruined. Instigators of the coup cP etat — preach- 
 ers of constituant powers, where are you? 
 You hide yourselves in the mud from which 
 you valiantly raised your heads, to calumniate 
 the true servants of the king; your silence of 
 today is worthy of your language of yester- 
 day. How all these heroes, whose projects 
 have shamefully driven away the descendant 
 of Henry IV. now tremble, crouching under 
 the tri-colored cockade ! this is natural. The 
 noble colors, with which they ornament them- 
 selves will protect their persons, but will never 
 cover their baseness. 
 
 " In expressing myself with frankness on 
 this tribune, I do not think to do an act of he- 
 roism; we are no longer in those times when 
 an opinion costs a life ; if we were, I should 
 speak a hundred times louder. The best 
 shield is a breast, which does not fear to show 
 itself uncovered to the enemy. No, gentle- 
 men, we have not to fear a people, whose in- 
 telligence equals their courage, nor this gene- 
 rous youth whom I admire, with whom I sym- 
 pathize with all my soul, to whom I wish, as to 
 my country, honor, glory and liberty. 
 
 " Far be it from me, above all, to throw the 
 seed of division into France^ and this is the 
 
87 
 
 reason that I have refused the accent of pas- 
 sion in my speech. If I had the full convic- 
 tion, that it was necessary to leave an infant in 
 the obscure and happy ranks of life, in order to 
 establish the tranquillity of thirtythree mil- 
 lions of people, I should have considered every 
 word in contradiction to the want of the time a 
 crime; I have not this conviction. If I had 
 the right to dispose of a crown, I should de- 
 posit it willingly at the feet of the duke of Or- 
 leans; but I see only a tomb in Saint-Denis 
 vacant, and not a throne. 
 
 " Whatever may be the destinies of the lieu- 
 tenant general of the kingdom, I never shall be 
 his enemy, if he secure the happiness of my 
 country. I ask nothing but to preserve the lib- 
 erty of my conscience, and the right of dying 
 wherever I find independence and peace. 
 
 " I vote against the declaration. 5 
 
 After having heard this eloquent but not very 
 convincing speech, the chamber adopted all 
 articles of the declaration; but, on motion of the 
 Mr de Barante, declared that it was not proper 
 for them to deliberate on the article which 
 concerned themselves and referred this point 
 to the wisdom of the lieutenant general of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 One formality remained to be fulfilled be 
 
88 
 
 fore the official proclamation of the new king; 
 it was necessary that the Duke of Orleans 
 should accept, in the presence of the two cham- 
 bers, the constitutional act, which had been 
 made the condition of his ascension to the 
 throne. This acceptance took place in the 
 royal session of the 9th of August. An ac- 
 count of the memorable session deserves to be 
 preserved for the information of future ages, 
 and we shall give it minutely. 
 
 The arrangements were the same as for the 
 memorable session of the 3d of August. The 
 throne was erected on the spot usually occu- 
 pied by the president's seat and the tribune, 
 but the lilies had disappeared from the rich 
 drapery of velvet garnished with fringes and 
 crepine of gold; over it and by its sides were 
 the standards bearing the national colors. 
 
 The eager looks of the spectators were di- 
 rected towards the peers and the deputies as 
 they entered. General Lafayette and the 
 other defenders of our liberties were pointed 
 out with pride. The members of the right 
 centre were in considerable number. Not far 
 from Mr de Martignac was observed General 
 Bonnemains, Mr Berryer, Mr Jacquinot- 
 Pampelune, Chevalier-Lemore, De Saint- 
 Cricq, de Lardemelle, de Murat, Paul de 
 
89 
 
 Chateaudouble, and general Lafont-Cavaig- 
 nac. Neither Mr de Coney nor Mr Syrieys 
 de Mayrinhac, nor any other of the deputies 
 of the extreme right were present. 
 
 The peers of France arrived towards noon 
 and took their seats on the benches which 
 formed the two divisions of the right. Among 
 them were observed Prince Talleyrand, the 
 Duke de Caraman, Count Mollien, Count 
 Montesquiou, Duke de Choiseul, Count Mon- 
 talivet, Duke Decazes, the first president 
 Baron Seguier, Duke Montmorency, Count 
 Bastard de PEstang, General Count Reille, 
 the Duke de Mortemart, Mr de Pontecoulant, 
 the Marquis Barbe-Marbois, Count Chaptal, 
 Count Portalis, Baron Portal, Duke de Ca- 
 dore, Count Tascher de la Pagerie, Duke 
 d'Avaray, Marquis de la Place, Duke de 
 Montebello, Count Boy, General Claparede, 
 Count Sainte-Aulaire, Duke Richelieu, Count 
 Lanjuinais, Count Montville, Duke d'Aligre, 
 Duke de Valmy, Count Dubreton, Count 
 Dupuis, Count de la Villegontier, Marquis de 
 Vence, Duke d' Osmond, Count Boissy-d 5 An- 
 glas, Count Ducoudray, Count Matheu, Count 
 Castries, Admiral Truguet, Count CMment de 
 Res, General Count Klein, Count Dode de la 
 Brunerie, General Count Belliard, Count Sim- 
 8* 
 
90 
 
 eon, Marquis de Louvois, Count d' Hausson- 
 ville, Duke de Praslin, Marquis de Semon- 
 ville, grand refrendary, &c, &c. 
 
 The peers and deputies were, as in the ses- 
 sion of the 3d, in black and blue dresses and 
 no other grand cordon was worn than those of 
 the legion of honor. 
 
 Before the throne three seats were placed, 
 one for the lieutenant general of the kingdom, 
 as this is the title the Duke of Orleans was to 
 bear on this occasion. To the right of the 
 throne, upon a desk, covered with a drapery 
 of velvet, were deposited the golden crown on 
 a cushion, the sceptre, the sword and the hand 
 of justice. Upon the desk to the left was an 
 inkstand of very rich form and material, and 
 the journal of the session on parchment. 
 
 Precisely at two o'clock, the cannon of the 
 invalides, the rolling of drums and the music 
 of the national guard, playing the tune La 
 Victoire est a nous, announce the approach of 
 the procession. 
 
 A tribune was left vacant, in which were 
 placed an arm-chair, and chairs trimmed with 
 gold lace. Her majesty the queen, received 
 under the title, Duchess of Orleans, took her 
 place in the centre, having at her right, prince 
 Joinville, her third son, and H. R. H. Mad- 
 
91 
 
 emoiselle; on her left their R. Highnesses 
 Mademoiselle d'Orleans, Mademoiselle de 
 Valois, Mademoiselle de Beaujelais, the Duke 
 d'Aumale, and the Duke de Montpensier. 
 
 When the prince, accompanied by two of 
 his sons, entered the hall, the only cry which 
 was heard was, " Long live the Duke of Or- 
 leans! " It was repeated several times. He 
 took his place on the seat before the throne. 
 H. R. H. the Duke de Chartres, in the uni- 
 form of Colonel of his regiment, occupied the 
 seat on his right; H. R. H. the Duke of Ne- 
 mours, in the uniform of Colonel of Hussars, 
 occupied the seat on the left. The three 
 princes wore the grand cordon of the legion, 
 of honor. 
 
 The commissioners, charged with the differ- 
 ent departments of ministry, were seated upon 
 the benches, reserved for them, viz: Mr Du- 
 pont (de PEure,) General Gerard, and Mr 
 Bignon, on the right; Mr Guizot, Mr Louis, 
 Marshal Jourdan on the left. With the ex- 
 ception of General Gerard, who was in full 
 uniform, the commissioners were in citizens' 
 dress. 
 
 The Prince saluted the assembly, covered 
 himself, and said: " Take your seats gentle- 
 men." H. R. H. then said: "Mr President 
 
92 
 
 of the chamber of deputies, please to read 
 the declaration of the chamber of deputies." 
 
 Mr Casimir Perier rose, and read with a 
 firm voice the declaration of August 7; he 
 ended with these words: 
 
 " In virtue of the acceptance of these con- 
 ditions and propositions, the chamber of depu- 
 ties declares, finally, that the universal and 
 urgent interest of the French people, calls to 
 the throne, H. R. H. Philip of Orleans." 
 
 The Prince perceived that the President 
 had forgotten one of his names, and said with 
 a smile: " Louis Philip." 
 
 Mr Casimir Perier: "Louis Philip of Or- 
 leans, Duke of Orleans, Lieutenant General 
 of the kingdom, and his descendants, forever, 
 from male to male, in the order of primogeni- 
 ture, and with the perpetual exclusion of 
 women and their descendants." 
 
 The President ascended the steps of the 
 throne, and placed the declaration in the hands 
 ofH. R. H. 
 
 The Prince: " Mr President of the cham- 
 ber of peers, please to deliver me the act of 
 adhesion of the chamber of peers to the de- 
 claration of the chamber of deputies." 
 
 The Baron de Pasquier, without reading 
 this instrument, put it in the hand of H. R. H. 
 
93 
 
 The prince lieutenant general of the king- 
 dom saluted the assembly, and pronounced, 
 sitting, and covered, the following words: 
 
 "Messieurs les Pairs, Messieurs les Deputes, 
 
 " I have read with much attention the de- 
 claration of the chamber of deputies, and the 
 act of adhesion of the chamber of peers. I 
 have weighed and meditated all their expres- 
 sions. 
 
 " I accept ivithout restriction or reserve (H. R. 
 H. pronounced these words with emphasis,) 
 the conditions and engagements, which this 
 declaration contains, and the title of King 
 of the French, which it confers upon me, and 
 I am ready to swear to observe them." 
 
 H. R. H. rose, as did also the princes, his 
 sons. 
 
 Mr Dupont (de PEure) acting keeper of 
 the seals, delivered the form of the oath, into 
 the hands of the prince. All the peers and 
 deputies rose. A religious feeling seemed to 
 pervade the assembly. The prince uncovered 
 his head, and raising his hand, pronounced 
 with a firm voice: 
 
 " In the presence of God, I swear to ob- 
 serve faithfully the constitutional charter, with 
 the modifications expressed in the declaration; 
 
94 
 
 to rule by the laws and according to the laws; 
 to cause exact and impartial justice to be done 
 to every one according to his rights, and to 
 act in all things with a sole view to the inte- 
 est, the happiness and the glory of the French 
 people." 
 
 Here the shouts: Long live the king! 
 broke out from the peers, the deputies and the 
 spectators. 
 
 Some voices: Long live Philip VII.! more 
 voices, Long live Philip I.! 
 
 Mr de Barbe-Marbois: Long live Philip! 
 
 An unanimous burst of voices: Long live 
 the king of the French! 
 
 Here a ceremony, never before used, attract- 
 ed the assembly. Four marshals of France, 
 placed near the desk, to the right, where the 
 insignia of royalty were deposited, presented 
 the emblems to his majesty. Marshal Mac- 
 donald presented the crown. 
 
 Marshal Duke of Reggio presented the 
 sceptre. 
 
 Marshal Duke of Treviso presented the 
 sword. 
 Marshal Molitor presented the hand of justice. 
 
 H. M. approaches the desk to the left and 
 signs the declaration of the chamber of depu- 
 ties, the adhesion of the chamber of peers,, 
 and the oath presented him by Mr Dupont-de 
 
95 
 
 PEure, commissioner of the department of 
 justice. 
 
 After this ceremony, the cries of: long live 
 the king, and long live Philip I. began again. 
 
 Other voices, Long live the queen! (H.M. 
 rose and saluted the spectators ) 
 
 His majesty Louis Philip I., king of the 
 French, ascended the throne, in the midst of 
 new acclamations, and pronounced the follow- 
 ing speech: — 
 
 " Messieurs les Pairs, et Messieurs les Deputes. 
 
 H I have performed a great act. I deeply 
 feel all the extent of those duties which it im- 
 poses upon me. My conscience tells me that 
 I shall fulfil them. It is with full conviction 
 that I have accepted the conditions proposed 
 to me. 
 
 " I could have wished never to occupy the 
 throne to which the national voice has called 
 me; but France, attacked in her liberties, saw 
 the public order in peril; the violation of the 
 charter disturbed everything; it was necessary 
 to re-establish the action of the laws, and it 
 was for the chambers to provide for it, You 
 have done it, gentlemen; the wise modifica- 
 tions which we have made in the charter gua- 
 rantee the security of the future ; and France, 
 
96 
 
 I trust, will be happy within, respected with- 
 out, and the peace of Europe more and more 
 confirmed. " 
 
 A number of voices: Long live the King I 
 Long live the Queen! 
 
 Mr Dupont (de PEure): Gentlemen, the 
 king invites the peers and deputies to assem- 
 ble tomorrow in their respective chambers^ 
 to take individually the oath of fidelity to the 
 King, and obedience to the constitutional Charter, 
 and to the laws of the Kingdom; and to continue 
 their labors. (Lively sensation.) I beg the 
 presidents and secretaries of the two chambers 
 to sign the journal of the session of this day. 
 
 In consequence, the journal of this memora- 
 ble session was signed by his majesty Louis 
 Philip. 
 
 By Mr Pasquier, president; the Marquis 
 de Mortemart, Duke de Plaisance, and Count 
 Lanjuinais, secretaries of the chamber of 
 peers. 
 
 By Mr Casimir Perier, president; Messrs 
 T. Lafitte, Dupin, senior, B. Delessert, vice 
 presidents; D. M. Jacqueminot, Cunin-Gri- 
 daine, Pavee de Vandceuvre, and Jars, secre- 
 taries of the chamber of deputies. 
 
97 
 
 And by Messrs Dupont (de l'Eure), provis- 
 ional commissioner for the department of jus- 
 tice, and Guizot, provisional commissioner for 
 the department of the interior. 
 
 The cannon of the Invalides announced the 
 end of the ceremony, and the royal procession 
 returned in the same order. At the head 
 marched a detachment of mounted national 
 guards in uniform, and national guards on 
 foot. Then followed the king, the prince 
 royal (Duke de Chartres,) and the Duke de 
 Nemours, on horseback; then a detachment 
 of national guards. The queen, the princesses, 
 and the three youngest princes were all in 
 one uncovered caleshe. The dress of the queen 
 and the princesses was distinguished only by 
 its extreme simplicity. Her majesty and 
 their royal highnesses were in white, the 
 young princes in blue. 
 
 The procession was closed by national 
 guards on horseback, not yet in uniform. The 
 most animated acclamations of vive le Hoi! 
 vive la Reine! did not cease to resound on the 
 passage of their majesties. Every one, feel- 
 ing a sentiment very different from that on the 
 9th of August, last year, exclaimed, Happy 
 France! Happy King! 
 9 
 
98 
 
 Thus ended, by the proclamation of a fourth 
 dynasty, this revolution, which was so short, 
 and the consequences of which will influence 
 centuries. All parties seem to have united in 
 the thought, that this necessary result was the 
 most desirable in these circumstances. The 
 republicans themselves, persuaded, at least 
 apparently, by a speech of Mr de Lafayette, 
 have ceased all hostile opposition.* Without 
 
 * The following is Mr Lafayette's discourse : 
 
 " To pronounce an opinion contested by many friends of 
 liberty, I shall not be suspected to be affected by a sen- 
 timent of enthusiasm, or to court a popularity, which I 
 never shall prefer to my duties. The republican views 
 which I have manifested, in all times and before all pow- 
 ers, have not prevented me from being the devoted de- 
 fender of a constitutional throne. 
 
 " It is thus, gentlemen, that, in the present crisis, it 
 has appeared to us expedient to erect a national throne, 
 and I must say, that my wish for the prince, whose 
 choice occupies you, has increased the more I know him ; 
 but I shall differ from many of you respecting the question 
 and the hereditary peerage. As a disciple of the Ameri- 
 can school, I always have thought, that the legislative 
 body ought to be divided into two chambers, with differ- 
 ent organization ; but I never could understand tha,t there 
 ought to exist hereditary legislators and judges. Aris- 
 tocracy, gentlemen, is a bad ingredient in public institu- 
 tions. 
 
 " I express, therefore, as strong as it is in my poT er, 
 my wish for the abolition of the hereditary peerage, and 
 
99 
 
 doubt they regretted, with all other friends of 
 liberty, that the constitutional charter still 
 leaves a great many essential provisions to be 
 desired, and that the chamber of deputies, if 
 they have lifted a timid hand against the peer- 
 age, did not dare to touch the magistracy, 
 whose personnel alarms all good citizens. Such 
 a weakness in the present state of the public 
 mind is more than a fault, because it annihilates 
 one of the most necessary results of the victory 
 of the Parisians — the purifications of all public 
 bodies, which a shameful system of politics had 
 infected. Let us hope that the wisdom and 
 the foresight of the king will heal one of the 
 most dangerous wounds of society. 
 
 The hereditary peerage, the second question 
 of vital interest, will be discussed in 1831. 
 
 We close with a few words on the flight of 
 Charles X. and his family. It was as slow as 
 possible, probably in the expectation of hear- 
 ing some news from the departments believed 
 to be favorable to them. Their direction was 
 to Cherbourg. On the whole road, which 
 they passed the people crowded to see them, 
 
 at the same time I request my colleagues not to forget 
 that, if I have been always the man of liberty, I never 
 have ceased to be the man of public order." 
 
100 
 
 but it was always done with a sullen silence; 
 in vain they tried to present to the people, 
 under the name of Henry V., that child, in 
 whose favor they pretended to have abdicated. 
 The blood they spilt, has excited an irreme- 
 diable separation between that family and 
 France. They are strangers to France, and 
 have become more so every year ever since 
 the restoration. It is asserted, that the Duke 
 of Augouleme said more than once on this 
 journey, " It is nothing, we shall return!" It is 
 added, that the children of the unfortunate 
 Duchess de Berry thought they were merely 
 going a journey. Care was taken not to travel 
 through the places where the fires had taken 
 place. 
 
 Of all the ministers of Charles X., four only 
 have been arrested, viz: Polignac, Peyronnet, 
 Chantelauze, and Guernon de Ranville; and 
 soon we shall hear how they have been called 
 upon to render an account of their infamous 
 administration to their country. 
 
PATRIOTIC ANECDOTES. 
 
 A deputy said, ''they may say as much as 
 they like, of the 14th of July, it never will be 
 more than half of the 28th." 
 
 The 28th of July, 1830, corresponds to the 
 9th Thermidore year 38 ; thus the day of the 
 downfal of the Bourbons, was the anniversa- 
 ry of the downfal of Robespierre. 
 
 The prize Monthyon, somebody said, ought 
 to be given this year, for anything but for acts 
 of virtue ; because, if it were divided among 
 all who merited it during these four days, 
 
 there would not be a centime a piece. 
 
 9 # 
 
102 
 
 The bank was protected by a guard, partly of 
 national guards, partly by those very French- 
 men whom the aristocrats formerly called the 
 canaille. 
 
 From seven to eight hundred young men, 
 who apparently belonged to the laboring class- 
 es of Paris, ran through the streets without 
 arms, from 12 to 15 in a line, shouting, 
 " The Charter for ever ! " " Long live General 
 Lafayette ! " " The national guard forever !" 
 " Bravo, gentlemen of the national guard, we 
 are your recruits, your young men! " 
 
 It would be impossible to relate all the traits 
 of heroism that have come to our knowledge. 
 Women and children mingled with the com- 
 batants. Two women were seen on the 
 Place de Greve, in the first rank, seizing 
 muskets of killed soldiers, and firing upon 
 the royal troops, for two hours. Others pre- 
 cipitated themselves into the midst of the com- 
 batants, to carry them bread and wine. Nev- 
 er has a nation fought with greater effort and 
 patriotism. 
 
103 
 
 The mayor of the 7th arrondissement, made 
 known the following facts, to the Courrier 
 Frangais. 
 
 " Charles Gauthier, an apprentice, living 
 in street Saint-Avoie, No. 58, fought at the 
 Tuileries with the greatest courage. When 
 the people proved victorious, he was one of 
 the first to arrive in the apartments. He 
 found jewelry and bracelets of great value, 
 and hastened to deposit them at the maire of 
 the 7th arrondissement. So fine an action 
 needs no commentary. 
 
 " Stephani Pillaud, a workingwoman, also 
 deposited an embroidered robe of great value. 
 A certain Levi Abraham, a Jew, living in the 
 street Vieilles Etuves St. Martin, No. 9, left his 
 home at the first thunder of the cannon, seiz- 
 ed the arms of a lancer, entered the Louvre, 
 and after having fought for a long time, car- 
 ried away a piece of the standard of the 
 Swiss. This brave man, before he returned 
 to his work, deposited his lance at the maire of 
 the 7th arrondissement. There, money being 
 offered to him, he first refused it, saying, that 
 he had not fought for money. Pressed to ac- 
 cept 10 francs, he at last consented to take 
 them, adding, " Since you absolutely wish me 
 to take them, I will do it, but on the condition 
 
104 
 
 that I return them immediately to you, and 
 that you deposit them for the relief of or- 
 phans." 
 
 During the combat at the porte Saint-Den- 
 is, on Wednesday, a boy of 15 years, advanc- 
 ed in the midst of the fire, quite near to an 
 officer commanding the cavalry, which sup- 
 ported the artillery, and with a pistol, blew his 
 brains out. He was immediately fired upon 
 from all sides; but the boy having expected this, 
 threw himself flat on the ground, and after- 
 wards escaped safely. But perceiving that 
 he had left his cap on the spot, he returned 
 without hesitation, and a second time escaped 
 safely. 
 
 Mr Alexander Lefebvre, who commanded 
 in the street des Martyrs, discovered a young 
 lady in male attire, armed with sword and pis- 
 tols. In vain she was reminded of the dan- 
 gers she encountered. " I have no children," 
 said she, " here is my husband, whose senti- 
 ments are mine . I am near him, and shall die 
 with him if necessary." 
 
105 
 
 Madame Laval, of the street Saint-Denis, 
 No. 200, is mentioned by the inhabitants of 
 that quarter, for the heroism of her conduct. 
 Mother of four sons, she constantly encoura- 
 ged them in the erection of barricadoes, by her 
 energetic exhortations and example. When 
 the ramparts were finished, she armed them, 
 conducted them herself to the ranks of our 
 brave people, and was occupied during the 
 three days of the battle in preparing provi- 
 sions for them ; she sent them immediately 
 back after some moments of rest, to their post 
 of honor. These young men fully answered 
 the patriotic devotedness of their heroic 
 mother. 
 
 The morning of the 29th, a rifleman of the 
 national guard was seen in the street Faux- 
 foourg Saint-Denis, in uniform and armed, 
 pressing his wife to his bosom ; this woman, 
 very young, and apparently a mother but a 
 short time before, shed some tears ; but rais- 
 ing her voice and pressing his hand, she said, 
 " I weep no more, it was the first emotion, I 
 have embraced you, I am content ; go join 
 your brethren and fight for liberty." 
 
106 
 
 A young girl displayed the courage of a 
 hero. On the place of the Exchange, she 
 braved a shower of royal balls, and was the 
 first who seized a cannon. Conducted to the 
 H6tel-de-Ville, she was placed in a chair and 
 carried in triumph, covered with wreaths, in 
 the midst of the most enthusiastic shouts. 
 
 The barrack de Babylone, was taken by 
 the sections of the Fauxbourg Saint-Germain. 
 In the first rank, quite a young person distin- 
 guished himself by his intrepidity. When 
 they returned, he fell exhausted by fatigue, on 
 the place of the Petits-Peres. Assistance is 
 brought ; it was a woman. 
 
 On the place du Palais-Royal, and in the 
 vicinity, another young woman, in male attire, 
 went everywhere to afford assistance to the 
 wounded. A bayonet wound was not able to 
 relax her zeal. 
 
 An attestation of the major commandant in 
 
107 
 
 chief of the post at the Tuileries, and signed 
 by six other citizens, certifies, that among the 
 national guards, who behaved in the most bril- 
 liant manner, was Mademoiselle Josephine 
 Mercier, a midwife, of street Monsieur-le- 
 Prince, No. 15; she was known by the nation- 
 al guards by the name of Victor, student of 
 medicine. This intrepid woman, though of 
 delicate complexion, seemed to be but fifteen 
 years old, in her male attire. The green frock 
 coat she wore was pierced by two balls. The 
 first in all dangers, she often exposed her life 
 in taking care of the wounded. 
 
 On the 28th, a young woman, on the quai 
 de la Cite , seized the musket of a citizen, who 
 had just been slain, and fired several times 
 upon the Swiss. Her gown was pierced by a 
 ball. Her name is Marie Deschamps, living 
 in rue Saint-Victor, No. 74. 
 
 Great praise is due to the Sisters of the 
 Providence, street des Brodeurs: their zeal 
 never relaxed. They have been seen to take 
 
108 
 
 the wounded from the very fire of the Swiss, 
 on the corner of the street Plumet. All the 
 inhabitants of this quarter, gave a generous 
 reception to our defenders. The wounded 
 were collected; the combatants embraced. 
 
 The young Millot-Pierret, of street Saint 
 Martin, received a double musket from a su- 
 perior officer; he immediately collected sever- 
 al workmen, put himself at their head; and 
 their charge, on the corner of the street aux 
 Ours, made the enemy retreat. Near the Port 
 Saint Martin, seeing an officer killing a child, 
 he stepped up to him, killed him, and opposed 
 himself to plundering him, saying to his com- 
 rades, who had voluntarily followed him : Do 
 not soil your noble conduct; the country needs your 
 arms ; forward. 
 
 A wine-merchant of the street des Canelles 
 received a ball, which pierced his breast, and 
 nearly came out over the clavicula. The ball 
 was extracted. He seized it ; kissed it anx- 
 iously, and said: u Carry it to my wife, and tell 
 her, it is for my dear country. *...." 
 
109 
 
 Children of seven or eight years have been 
 seen to beat the charge before the milice bour- 
 geoise, in spite of the infamous fusillade of the 
 Swiss. 
 
 During the fire, which had taken place be- 
 tween the Swiss on the side of the Louvre, 
 and the national guard on the other side, a 
 mechanic was seen advancing almost to the 
 centre of the pont des Arts, and from there firing 
 and hitting two of the enemy; he was about 
 to continue, when he received a ball in the 
 thigh ; he had the courage to return under the 
 gate, whence he was carried to the Charlie. 
 
 We might cite a great number of equal traits 
 of courage. 
 
 The truce being finished, and the attack of 
 the Louvre being recommenced, a brave citi- 
 zen, covered with a blue frock, and a pistol in 
 his hand, advanced boldly towards a gate, and 
 the pistol, which, aimed at the sentinel, having 
 missed fire, he put new powder on the pan, 
 ordering them at the same time to open the 
 door, or he would fire. This bold summons 
 contributed to the prompt opening of the gate. 
 This man is named Garaud, sculptor, aged 22 
 10 
 
110 
 
 years, native of Dijon; it is he, who made, in 
 1828, the sculpture of the Egyptian house, 
 place and passage of Cairo. When general 
 Lafayette became acquainted with this trait of 
 courage, he sent for this brave youth, and 
 pressed him to his heart. 
 
 At the corner of the street Montmartre and 
 of the Boulevard j some citizens, who easily were 
 to be recognised as modest artisans, passed, 
 conducted by one of their comrades, who had 
 become their chief by virtue of age. At the 
 end of their arms were placed loaves of bread 
 and some fowls, the distribution of which had 
 been made regularly. Some of these men 
 being opposite a shop of a wine-merchant, in- 
 tended to enter; but, at the call of their com- 
 mander, they reentered their rank. " Today," 
 said he, u no brandy, not even wine without water; 
 to the watch-house with the intoxicated! " And all 
 these warriors exclaimed, " He is right! " con- 
 tinued their march, and recommenced the 
 struggle. 
 
 At the corner of the street Valois-Batave, 
 where a fight of an hour had taken place, a 
 
Ill 
 
 mechanic attempted to ascend the first in the 
 house of the Magazin de Jean-d'Arc, where 
 royal guards had entered by main force; he 
 came out the first, leading two wounded sol- 
 diers, and threatening all who should dare to 
 fire upon them. These two wounded soldiers, 
 as well as several others, were carried to the 
 Hotel de Perigorde, where all possible care 
 was bestowed upon them. 
 
 Some individuals entered in the same house, 
 threw silver plate out of the windows; imme- 
 diately the brave mechanics who were present, 
 hastened to collect and deposit them in a 
 neighboring house. 
 
 Citizen Benoit, driver of a fiacre, was, with- 
 out any other arms than a sword, the first who 
 threw himself upon a cannon, which was plant- 
 ed in the street Richelieu. This brave fel- 
 low, who not even received a scratch, was 
 carried astride, on the piece he had taken, to 
 the place of the Exchange, amidst the loud 
 acclamations of his companions in arms. 
 
 In the street Saint-Denis, several merchant 
 clerks had armed themselves, and were pre- 
 
112 
 
 pared to fight; the youngest among them, al- 
 most a boy, had loaded a pistol. He just left 
 the house, when a platoon of lancers arrived: 
 he aimed at the officer and killed him. The 
 door was opened again, to let the young hero 
 in; several lancers followed him, but fell by 
 the balls of the other clerks. 
 
 A certain Jean Grenier, a blacksmith, street 
 La MorteMerie, No. 20, presented himself in 
 the morning of the 31st of July to the com- 
 mandant of the post of the Hotel Saint-JHgnan y 
 street Saint Avoie, seventh arrondissement. 
 u Sergeant,' 5 said he, " here is my sabre ; I 
 have made good use of it during three days; 
 at present I return to my work, and my wea- 
 pon is useless; I give it as a present to the 
 national guard." 
 
 This trait of patriotism was received as it 
 ought to be; the brave man refused to take 
 any price for it. u I don't sell my sabre," said 
 he, u I give it." And in fact, he gave it to a 
 grenadier of the post, who was in want of one. 
 
 A certain Jules, a servant, saved, in the 
 street Neuve-Saint- Augustine, a soldier of the 
 
113 
 
 royal guard, the obedience of whose corps to 
 the ordinances of the 25th exposed him to be 
 massacred. This brave citizen, who had 
 courageously fought the royal guards when 
 they were in number and armed, hastened to- 
 wards this soldier, who was alone, exclaiming, 
 " This is my brother, donH hurt him! " 
 
 The most perfect order reigned during the 
 night; part of the city was illuminated, par- 
 ticularly the streets Saint-Denis, Saint-Mar- 
 tin, Saint-Jaques, and the environs of the 
 H6tel-de-Ville. Patrols, silent and strong, 
 scoured the streets; they passed slowly from 
 barricade to barricado, and disarmed those 
 men, whom fatigue and heat, much more than 
 wine, rendered entirely useless for the battle. 
 True equality, equality of right and duty, 
 reigned in its whole extent ; distinction of 
 classes had disappeared; all marched toward 
 the same end — defence. All had for their mot- 
 to, u Protection to persons! respect to property! " 
 
 Two brave persons, whose names we regret 
 not knowing, entered the first into that part of 
 the castle of the Tuileries, which the too un- 
 10* 
 
114 
 
 fortunate duchess of Berry inhabited, and 
 found there a case of bronze containing much 
 gold. Fatigued by its weight, in the moment 
 when they passed through the yard of the 
 Louvre, they asked a citizen to join them, not 
 only to assist, but also to protect them from 
 eyery temptation to possess themselves of the 
 treasure; and all three proceeded to the H6- 
 tel-de-Ville, where they deposited the precious 
 burden without asking either receipt or re- 
 ward. 
 
 In the pockets of many of the dead soldiers, 
 sums, considerable, for their condition, were 
 found. The citizens, even the poorest, did 
 not touch it; they only took their cartridges. 
 
 In order to fight with more success against 
 the Swiss in the barracks, street de Babylone, 
 the citizens were obliged to take possession of, 
 and to march through, the house No. 2, street 
 des Brodeurs, the garden of which is only 
 separated from the barrack by a wall. The 
 inmates of the house, on the 28th of July, 
 frightened by the approach of the attack, flew 
 fioro it and left the furniture and plate ex- 
 
115 
 
 posed upon the tables. At their return, their 
 surprise was great when they found the silver 
 untouched, which they had not had time to 
 lock up, nor to take with them. 
 
 We must cite a saying of one of the people, 
 and this word gives the lie to those persons, 
 who reported that the greatest disorder reigned 
 in the capital. An officer of the national guard 
 commanded him to take care that nothing was 
 carried away from the Tuileries. " Be easy, 
 captain, we have changed the government, but 
 have not changed our consciences." 
 
 The gold vases of the chapel of the Tuil- 
 eries, were all, without exception, transported 
 to the Exchange. 
 
 On the 29th, at the moment when the sentry 
 in the castle of the Tuileries was changed, the 
 relieved guards refused obstinately to leave 
 the castle until they had been searched. These 
 brave men had made the rounds in the garden, 
 and in the apartments of the Tuileries thought 
 they had seen one of their number put some- 
 thing in his pocket; but the darkness prevent- 
 
116 
 
 ed them from recognising him. The captain 
 of the post refused to comply with their wish, 
 when the guilty one voluntarily delivered up 
 a small casket, but his penitence did not dis- 
 arm his comrades; they sent him to the pre- 
 fecture of the police. Most of this company 
 were clothed in rags! 
 
 A workman, whose dress indicated his pov- 
 erty, and who had served on Wednesday from 
 5 o'clock in the morning, had not taken any 
 thing at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. A young 
 man offers him a hundred sous, but the poor 
 man answers; " I have not fought for money, 
 Sir, but I accept ten sous." 
 
 A young man falls in the street Du Tour, 
 struck by a ball of the Swiss who oocupy the 
 street of Montmartre; the unfortunate man 
 struggles in the burning sun, against pain and 
 death, and the citizens, in ambuscade, in the 
 alleys of the street Du Tour are too intensely 
 engaged in fighting, to observe their suffering 
 companion. In spite of the brisk fire from all 
 sides, a woman comes from one of the houses, 
 takes the young man in her arms, and carries 
 him into her house. 
 
117 
 
 The enthusiasm was so great among the 
 citizens, that they respectfully saluted the re- 
 mains of those who had died for their country. 
 
 In the street of Saint-Honore, the people 
 religiously washed the blood from the pave- 
 ments, which was stained with it, that, as they 
 said, the blood of Frenchmen might not be 
 trampled under feet. 
 
 A young mechanic carried to the Hotel-de- 
 Ville some jewelry and gold, found in the Tuil- 
 eries, and would not accept a receipt. 
 
 In one of the barracks of the gendarmerie, 
 some new pantaloons were found. Some of 
 the people exchanged them for their own, but 
 immediately the clothes were torn to pieces 
 by their comrades, who said: " We come to con- 
 quer, not to ro6." 
 
 At the exchange, two men of the working 
 class, were charged to watch some Swiss and 
 
118 
 
 royal guards, whose lives had been generously 
 spared. u We have net eaten anything since twelve 
 o'* clock" said the mechanics; immediately Mr 
 Darmaing, chief editor of the Gazette des Tri- 
 bunaux, offers them a five franc piece, saying: 
 u My friends, go and get something to eat, I 
 will take your place, and ivill remain here until 
 you come back." They hesitated. " Take it" 
 said the editor, u in a moment like this, he who 
 has, gives to him who has not." The mechanics 
 accept the money, and return within a quarter 
 of an hour, returning fiftyfive sous to their 
 substitute, with thanks. 
 
 At the gate of the Tuileries, on the side 
 towards the water, a workman, in a dress 
 which showed great poverty, armed with a 
 musket, of which he seemed to have made 
 great use, his head covered with a general's 
 hat, which gave him an air of authority, 
 searched all individuals who came from the 
 garden, to ascertain that they carried nothing 
 away, and he severely chastised another work- 
 man, who attempted to carry away a small 
 porcelain cup for his child. 
 
119 
 
 At the gates of the Tuileries, a man, who 
 had seen some things secreted, creates him- 
 self general, composes a guard, posts sentinels 
 with the order to search every one who leaves 
 the palace. The order is executed, and every 
 body who was found to have carried anything 
 off, was severely punished, and obliged to re- 
 store his plunder. 
 
 When the tri-colored flag was hoisted on the 
 palace of the chamber of deputies, a workman, 
 pointing to the statue of Justice, exclaimed: 
 In the hands of this statue it must be placed; 
 there is its place. 
 
 A citizen approaches one of the people, who 
 came from the battle, in all the disorder at- 
 tending the circumstance, and his poverty. 
 " Welcome, brave man," said the former, " the 
 people have done their duty! " " Yes," an- 
 swered the man, "they have fought well, and 
 not even taken any thing to drink." 
 
 When the people broke the lanterns, by way 
 of precaution, one of them was going to break 
 
120 
 
 that under the arcades of the hotel, occupied 
 by Mr de Pastoret, before he was chancellor. 
 Somebody said: " Let that one be; at this 
 house, the poor receive bread all winter; 5 ' 
 and the lantern was respected. 
 
 A person from the faubourg, in a quarrel 
 with a national guard, went so far as to strike 
 him. From all sides it was demanded that he 
 should be disarmed as a punishment. C( No," 
 cried he, " I 'd rather be shot ;" and he threw 
 himself upon his knees. The national guards 
 left him life and arms. 
 
 In the street Faubourg-Montmartre, an old 
 man, well known in the quarter die Luxembourg , 
 limping along with difficulty on his wood- 
 en leg, possessed himself with the musket of a 
 Swiss, and returned to the fire triumphantly. 
 Two young men passed. " Give us your mus- 
 ket, you are old, we shall make better use of 
 it, than you." The old man refuses to give 
 up his musket. " I want to fight," said he, 
 The youths insisted; the musket of the Swiss 
 is wrested from him, and the young men go to 
 
r 121 
 
 fight. The old man was in despair. Some 
 persons attempted to console him; he com- 
 plains most bitterly; pistols are offered to him. 
 "It is my musket I want; I want to fight with 
 a musket." And the old man limped off to 
 look for another musket. 
 
 A mechanic worked in the street Foubourg- 
 Montmartre, in the burning sun. Doctor Sam- 
 mel, who had established a hospital there, 
 called to him, to take something to drink. 
 " No," answered the mechanic, " my brother 
 was killed yesterday, under the Fillers des 
 HalleSj and I have sworn to eat nothing but 
 bread, and drink nothing but water, until I 
 have revenged him." 
 
 Several persons are cited, who made them- 
 selves conspicuous even amidst all this glory. 
 The scholars of the Polyte chnic school have 
 covered themselves with honor and earned 
 universal esteem; these young men establish- 
 ed order and tranquillity everywhere. They 
 were seen putting themselves at the head of 
 the national guard, who were happy to obey 
 11 
 
122 
 
 such young but worthy chiefs; without them 
 the constitutionalists would have been embar- 
 rassed by the cannons they had taken. The 
 city owes a great deal to their skill and cool- 
 ness. It is known to every body that they, af- 
 ter the victory, declined the distinction and 
 reward offered to them by the legal authorities 
 
 In one of the combats against the royal 
 guards, the latter, being repulsed by the citi- 
 zens, had abandoned a piece of cannon which 
 was in an open place, but it was dangerous to 
 approach it on account of the fire. A scholar 
 of the Ecole Poly technique who was at the head 
 of the armed citizens, runs towards the can- 
 non which he embraced firmly, u It is ours," he 
 exclaims, " I will keep it, I will die on it rather 
 than surrender it." His comrades call after 
 him. — u The brave are dear to us, you will be 
 killed, come back to us." The young man re- 
 fuses and holds the cannon still firmer in spite 
 of a shower of balls which falls around him. 
 At length the royal guard is obliged to retreat 
 by the fire of the citizens, who advance and 
 save the brave youth. 
 
123 
 
 At the taking of the castle, another scholar, 
 who was likewise at the head of armed citi- 
 zens, presents himself at the gate. A superi- 
 or officer approaches immediately: " Open," 
 says the young general, " if you do not wish 
 to be exterminated; liberty and force are for 
 the people. " The officer refused and snapped 
 his pistol, which held fire. The young scholar 
 who preserved all his coolness, seized at the 
 same moment the officer by the collar, and 
 pointing his sword at him, says: a Your life is 
 mine, but I wish not to spill blood." The 
 officer, moved by this act of generosity, tears 
 from his breast the decoration he wore, and 
 presents it to his noble enemy, saying: "Brave 
 youth, no one is more worthy to wear this 
 badge of honor than you: take it from my hand; 
 as a superior officer I have enjoyed until now 
 some credit, and I hope it will be continued 
 with you. Your name? — cc A scholar of the 
 Ecole Polytechnique ; " and the young man im- 
 mediately joined his own party. 
 
 The attack on the Louvre, was directed by 
 a young scholar of the Ecole Polytechnique, 
 called Monduel or Maduel. This attack was 
 
124 
 
 made with such impetuosity that in a minute 
 the gates were forced, in spite of the fire of 
 the Swiss troops, placed under the colonnades 
 and in the yards. Disorder soon took place 
 in the ranks of the Swiss, who evacuated the 
 Louvre and retreated towards the castle of the 
 Tuileries, which surrendered an hour later. 
 
 A scholar of the Ecole Polytechnique ran in 
 the midst of thousands of balls to place himself 
 upon a pedestal near the left gate of the Louvre 
 under the colonnade; from thence, and by his 
 example, he engaged his companions in arms 
 to follow him; while they hastened to him, he 
 threw himself over the gate, which was forced 
 in a moment, and decided the taking of the 
 Louvre. The first who entered after him, 
 hoisted the tri-coiored flag; this was a boy of 
 14 years ! ! i 
 
 We have been told that this hero of the 
 Ecole Polytechnique, pierced with balls, was 
 carried dying, and in funeral triumph, into the 
 garden of the Tuileries. 
 
 The gratitude of the people to the scholars 
 of the Ecole Polytechnique was carried to a 
 
 .. 
 
125 
 
 veneration. One of these brave youths who 
 had nofhad any repose for three nights, had 
 fallen asleep from fatigue on one of the beds 
 intended for the wounded. Towards the eve- 
 ning he was taken up and carried without his 
 knowledge to the Hotel-de-Ville, and when the 
 the sight of his uniform drew scouts from the 
 passages, those who carried him said, " respect 
 his misfortune; " the people lifted their hats and 
 passed on. 
 
 One of the scholars of the Ecole Polytech- 
 nique was killed in the apartments of the Tu- 
 Ileries. His body, raised with respect by those 
 whom he had conducted to victory, was depo- 
 sited on the royal throne and covered with 
 crape, collected in haste. He remained there 
 until his brother and some other persons of his 
 family came to reclaim his glorious remains. 
 
 The French artists, desirous to honor the 
 noble conduct of the Ecole Polytechnique, 
 have resolved to strike a medal in their honor. 
 The execution of this medal is confided to Mr 
 Domard. 
 
 11* 
 
126 
 
 The attack of the Louvre, made in front by 
 the column coming from the Faubourg Saint- 
 Germain, was vigorously supported by another 
 division, which, from the Pont-des-Jirts to the 
 Pont-Royal fired upon the Swiss, who retired 
 upon the castle of the Tuileries. Arrived at 
 the Pont-Royal, this division stood during a 
 quarter of an hour the fire from the castle and 
 the Hotel des Guar des, and at length surmounting 
 all obstacles, it penetrated into the Tuileries, 
 continuing to fire on the fugitives. The con- 
 duct of Mr Taubert who carried the tri-colored 
 flag before the column, and who planted it at 
 the head of the bridge in the midst of the fire, 
 cannot be praised enough. It is the same 
 color which was hoisted on the pavilion de 
 VHorloge by its brave defenders Messrs 
 Thomas, Guinard and Gauja. 
 
 Every witness of this action also praised the 
 conduct of Messrs Picard, an old soldier, 
 Boinvilliers, Bastide, Levasseur, Cavaignac, 
 Dupont, Drolling and Captain Lavocat. 
 
 The citizens who carried the paving stones 
 upon the gates Saint-Martin and Saint-Denis., 
 rendered important services. General Du- 
 
127 
 
 bourg has informed us of the terrible effect of 
 these missiles from so great a height. When 
 a stone fell directly upon the ground its frag- 
 ments were dangerous like the bursting of a 
 bomb. 
 
 The citizens of the quarter of the Palais- 
 Royal have covered themselves with honor, by 
 constraining two regiments of the guard to 
 yield, fifty or sixty gens d'armes to capitulate, 
 and by making themselves masters of all the 
 positions of the street Saint-Honore and of the 
 Palais-Royal. They have done wonders. 
 
 The surrender of the two regiments was the 
 work of a clerk of the marine. Single, with 
 his cap on the end of his musket, he advanced 
 intrepidly before the colonel of the guard, 
 who asked for quarter; and then braved a 
 murderous fire to reach his companions and 
 to announce the joyful news. 
 
 During the ever memorable 27th, Wednes- 
 day, towards 3 o'clock, when a brisk fire from 
 the quai de la Greve, was kept up upon the 
 opposite quai from V Horlogc to the Pont de Vila 
 
128 
 
 Saint-Louis, about twenty young men, posted 
 by the parapet, occupied and defended the 
 tete-de-pont from the place de Greve; from 
 behind this rampart they made a success- 
 ful fire upon the Swiss. The latter, fatigued by 
 these active and effective enemies, tried to 
 drive them out. From fifteen to twenty of 
 them advance on the bridge; immediately the 
 youths present themselves like old soldiers . . - 
 they fire; three Swiss fall; the others retreat 
 .... one of the young citizens immediately 
 jumps upon the bridge .... he proceeds in 
 the midst of balls directed against him, he ar- 
 rives at the three bodies of the Swiss, seizes 
 their muskets, and cartridges and returns to his 
 companions, crying : " Here my friends are 
 balls and arms! " 
 
 Mr Pierron, ex-sergeant of the old fifth regi- 
 ment of hussars, native of Verdun, (Meuse)^ 
 wine-broker, street Saint-Jlntoine } ]$o. 44, at the 
 head of about fifteen citizens, attacked a bat- 
 talion of the first regiment of the royal guard, 
 and made one company lay down their arms, the 
 captain of which gave him his sword. A gen- 
 eral of the guard, perceiving the transaction, 
 advanced, gave orders to the rest of the bat- 
 
129 
 
 talion to five upon the people, had Mr Pierron 
 arrested, and commanded him to be shot in- 
 stantly. The citizens now made a charge and 
 delivered their ex-sergeant. This fact is at- 
 tested by Mr Louis Roland, wine-merchant, 
 street Geofrroy-PAsnier, No. 27, and Mr 
 Baudoux, Rue Saint- Antoine, Wo. 27. 
 
 A citizen, named Rouvat, in the morning of 
 the 29th, suggested to his fellow citizens the 
 idea of possessing themselves of the church 
 Saint-Germain PAuxerrois, sounding the toc- 
 sin, and occupying the steeples and the gal- 
 lery of this church. The fire of the brave 
 Parisians, who followed this advice, did the 
 greatest execution among the Swiss, advan- 
 tageously retrenched behind the enormous 
 columns of the Louvre. 
 
 Those who saw the bearer of the colors, 
 who on the 29th presented himself on the place 
 du Carousel, the moment the attack of the 
 castle of the Tuileries began, were astonished 
 at the courage of this citizen, accompanied 
 by only two of his comrades. 
 
130 
 
 He advanced at an ordinary pace to the 
 triumphal arch, without having made one single 
 retrograde motion, though more than a thou- 
 sand balls were aimed at him from the castle, 
 yet he happily escaped without a wound. This 
 brave fellow then retrenched himself behind 
 the triumphal arch, and there kept himself 
 until the occupation of the castle by the Paris- 
 ians. 
 
 A workman of the garden of Tivolet, not 
 having been able to procure a weapon, was, 
 on the 28th, on the Boulevard at the moment 
 when a troop of lancers defiled. The trees 
 impeded their march; when the last of the 
 lancers was about to join his comrades, our 
 young Parisian glides from out the shrubbery 
 in which he was concealed, and cuts the girth 
 of the horse with his knife; the lancer falls; 
 the horse and the soldier remained in the pow- 
 er of the young man who received only a slight 
 blow of the sword on his back. 
 
 In the affair of the 28th of July, when the 
 resistance was not yet well organized, a young 
 
131 
 
 man on the place of the H6tel-de-Ville, who 
 carried the standard at the end of his lance, 
 thinking he saw a little wavering among the 
 Parisians, advances to about ten paces from 
 the royal guard, saying to his comrades: "I 
 will show you how to die! " He falls on the 
 instant, pierced with several balls. 
 
 The young Fayole, son of a bookseller, liv- 
 ing in the street du Rampart, made prisoner, 
 on July 30, an armed man on horseback, the 
 carrier of despatches of the court. 
 
 One Hervien, street du Temple, No. 87, 
 receives, on the 28th, a wound which shatters 
 his left hand. A physician runs to him, dresses 
 the wound, and wishes him to yield his musket 
 to others. u Oh, no!" he exclaimed, "I must re- 
 venge myslef." He takes his sword and returns 
 to fight. The next morning he fought again, 
 and in the evening returned home in a terrible 
 state. His wound is very dangerous, yet 
 there is hope of saving his hand. 
 
132 
 
 The brave Roblin, wine merchant, of street 
 de la Biccherie, No. 37, did wonders on the 
 28th, at the H6teI-de-Ville. In ambuscade ? 
 under a roof, in view of the arcade Saint- 
 Jean, he annoyed the enemy considerably : 
 They even resorted to a cannon, in order to 
 remove him, without success. The next 
 morning he fought at the Louvre, at the TuiJe- 
 ries, at the barrack de Babylone, and was 
 slightly wounded. 
 
 On the 29th, at the barrack de Babylone, 
 Mr Nabos displayed great courage: having 
 received the order to get into the barracks, 
 through the windows, he mounted upon the 
 shoulders of a young workman, who at the 
 ^ same moment received a ball in his left arm. 
 Mr Nabos intended to descend: " Mount, 
 mount," said the young man, " they would 
 think I was afraid; I have yet strength enough, 
 and I am no coward." Mr Nabos was soon 
 in the barrack, and this brave man followed 
 him. 
 
 The inhabitants of the street de Vertbois, 
 signalized the intrepid conduct of an ex-gen- 
 
133 
 
 darme, on foot; who, having dressed himself 
 in the national uniform, on the 28th, fought du- 
 ring six hours near the port Saint-Martin, and 
 brought down eleven royal guards. From thence 
 he proceeded to the street Richelieu and to the 
 Tuileries, where he fought with the same vi- 
 gor. When wine and brandy were offered 
 to him, he refused it, saying, " A true French- 
 man, fights fasting; he has more calmness 
 and coolness." This brave man did not re- 
 turn home till all was finished, having receiv- 
 ed a slight wound. 
 
 The new gate of the Louvre, towards the 
 side of the colonnade, is raised on a wall two 
 feet high. Who would believe that one of the 
 heroes of the Parisian people, braved under 
 this shelter, hardly sufficient for hiding him, 
 all the balls of the enemy: he kept himself all 
 the time in a lying posture, charging and fir- 
 ing his gun, during the whole time of the at- 
 tack. He then went to fight at the Palais- 
 Royal, where he received a ball in the shoul- 
 der. 
 
 12 
 
134 
 
 The brave man who planted the national 
 colors, which he had carried since the morn- 
 ing as a scarf, on the tower of Notre-Darne, 
 is named Petitjean, street de PEchiquier, 
 No. 30. He first assembled under his com- 
 mand, a small troop of brave citizens, and the 
 tocsin which he sounded, soon increased it 
 to nearly 300 men, to whom he distributed 
 500 cartridges. At the head of this small 
 army, whom he harangued with all the elo- 
 quence of patriotism, this intrepid chief pro- 
 ceeded wherever the combat was the most ob- 
 stinate; particularly to the Greve and upon 
 quaiSy where the royal guards kept a rolling 
 fire. He had indeed, the grief to see several 
 of his friends fall at his side; but by his obsti- 
 nate resistance, he essentially contributed to 
 the success of the national cause, on the mur- 
 derous day of the 28th. This justice, the citi- 
 zens, companions of his glory and his dan- 
 gers, feel a pleasure in rendering him. 
 
 Mr Dufay, formerly a soldier of the line, 
 after having animated his friends, and conduct- 
 ed them to battle, during the days of the 26th 
 and 27th, was severely wounded in the shoul- 
 
135 
 
 der by a gendarme: in spite of his wounds, 
 he would not leave the field of battle. Honor 
 to this brave man! 
 
 In the number of heroic traits on the im- 
 mortal 28th, the noble conduct of Mr Lava- 
 lanne, formerly an officer of the army, and 
 who now keeps the cafe Lyonnais, Boulevard 
 Saint-Martin, ought to be mentioned. 
 
 His civism went so far as to carry drink to 
 the soldiers of the 5th, conjuring them on the 
 other hand, not to fire upon the people, when 
 the curassiers of the guard made their charge 
 upon the Boulevard. His establishment, the 
 door of which was open during the briskest 
 fire, served as a refuge for the wounded, who 
 were received by him, and upon whom the ten- 
 derest and most active care was bestowed. 
 He distributed ammunition to those who were 
 in want of it, and loaded their arms. 
 
 Mr Lepage, arquebusier, thought himself 
 bound, on the 27th of July, to prevent the tak- 
 ing away of the antique and precious arms in 
 his shop; he wished to make a regular dis- 
 
136 
 
 tribution of these, with the aid of his journey- 
 men, of whatever could be of service to the 
 patriots. 
 
 During the three days, Mr Lepage has not 
 ceased to distribute arms and ammunition of 
 all kinds; on the 27th, in the morning, he 
 had provided himself with one hundred and 
 twenty pounds of powder. 
 
 From Wednesday, balls of all calibres, were 
 cast in his house ; they were distributed at 
 every hour. He was assisted by hi$ father, 
 an old man of eightyfive years of age. 
 
 Patriotism is hereditary in the family of 
 Lepage. 
 
 At the first revolution, Mr Lepage, the fa- 
 ther, also an arquebusier, opened his shop three 
 times to the defenders of the country; at pre- 
 sent, Mr Lepage, son, has none of all his arms 
 left, but the musket which he bears at his mu- 
 nicipality. 
 
 On Wednesday, there was among the citi- 
 zens in ambuscade behind the streets St Ger- 
 main-VJluxverroiSj de la Sonnerrie and du 
 Veait-qui- Telle, a young man of the faubourgs, 
 who had a musket which he did not know how 
 to make use of. A veteran of the old army asks 
 
137 
 
 him to lend him the gun for a few moments. 
 He stations himself behind the pumps of the 
 cafe Secretain; suddenly a column of Swiss 
 debouches on the place Chatelet; our brave 
 veteran fires, a Swiss falls, the whole col- 
 umn fire upon him; he conceals himself be- 
 hind a house, loads his gun again, returns to 
 the pump and fires a second time, with the same 
 success as the first time. In spite of the show- 
 er of balls which rained upon them, the other 
 armed citizens, about 50 in number, fire also. 
 The Swiss column retreat in disorder, leaving 
 the place covered with wounded, The hero 
 of whom we speak, was Mr Guyot, formerly 
 director of the military hospitals, street Pon- 
 ceau, No. IT. 
 
 Two young citizens of the United States, 
 who took arms on the first day of the resistance 
 of the Parisians, to pay their debt to the sa- 
 cred cause of liberty, fell victims to their no- 
 ble devotion. Honor to their memory! 
 
 From 12 to 15 gendarmes were surround- 
 ed in the Hotel Polignac, in the afternoon of 
 
 12* 
 
138 
 
 the 29th, and the armed people wished to have 
 them delivered to them. Mr Casimir Perier, 
 who was returning home, informed of the cause 
 of the crowd, interceded in their favor, and 
 the doctor Laberge, his friend, was charged by 
 him, jointly with Mr Rollet, to provide for their 
 safety. These two gentlemen penetrated into 
 the hotel, where they found in a very dark 
 room, the gendarmes in a pitiable state, and 
 almost naked, because they had taken off 
 their uniform. Citizens' dresses were given to 
 them, and they were permitted to leave the 
 hotel, through a door on the street des Capu- 
 cins. After having thus discharged their 
 praiseworthy mission, Messrs Laberge and 
 Rollet presented themselves to the people. 
 Some voices called for the gendarmes, but 
 were soon calmed" by Mr Laberge, who ad- 
 dressed the people thus : cc You have covered 
 yourselves, citizens, with immortal glory, the 
 memory of which will be preserved forever. 
 You will not tarnish it, I am certain, by a 
 murder of defenceless people, who demand 
 pardon." Numerous shouts were heard ; 
 ' the crowd dispersed immediately, and the 
 horses of the gendarmes were placed at the 
 disposal of the provisionary government. 
 
139 
 
 A citizen, dangerously wounded, was placed 
 upon a litter, which was carried by some 
 of his friends. In spite of the blood which 
 flowed from his wound, he called with a strong 
 voice, " Vive la Charte /" and, clapping his 
 hands, applauded the victory which had just 
 been gained, On the way, the whole popula- 
 tion answered him by their acclamations and 
 plaudits. 
 
 The following is about the number of the 
 wounded, carried to some of the hospitals of 
 Paris, during the 28th and 29th. 1. To the 
 hospital St. •Jlnloine, 250; of whom some were 
 females. 2. The hospital St, Louis, 100 
 wounded; 19 died immediately of their wounds. 
 5. To the Hotel Dieu, about 500; of whom 
 were six children and five women. 4. To the 
 Petit Hospice Saint-Mercy, about 30 wounded 
 and ten dead. 5. At the Pitie, 100 wounded 
 were carried. The superior of the hospital 
 paid the greatest attention to the wounded, at 
 the same time that she was finishing the tri- 
 colored flag, which now floats upon that hos- 
 pital. 6. At Beaujon, 120 wounded received 
 the same praiseworthy care. 7. At the 
 Charite, their number is 109. 
 
140 
 
 It was observed, that very few wounded citi- 
 zens arrived at the hospitals, with a single 
 wound. # 
 
 A young national guard, having made a 
 mistake on the drill, for which the spectators 
 laughed at him, said, " Gentlemen," " I 
 made no blunder yesterday, in fighting against 
 the enemies of our liberty. 5 ' 
 
 When the Tuileries were taken, and a citi- 
 zen broke the bust of Charles X., another 
 prepared to scatter the bust of Louis XVIII. 
 He was stopped with the words, " Stop, this is 
 the father of the Charter" The bust was cov- 
 ered with a black veil. 
 
 * On the 9th of October, the Minister of the Interior, 
 M. Guizot, laid before the French Chamber of Depu- 
 ties the project of a law proposed by the king for indem- 
 nifying the families of the killed and wounded on the 
 days of the 27th, 28th, and 29th July. In the speech, 
 introductory to this law, the Minister stated, that by 
 this contest in Paris, more than 900 children have be- 
 come orphans ; more than S00 women have lost their 
 husbands ; and more than 300 men have lost their sons ; 
 311 citizens are maimed for life ; 3,961 wounded are 
 expected to recover, without incapacity of labor for the 
 future. — JYote of the translator. 
 
141 
 
 " I saw in the street Saint-HorioreY ? says 
 Mr. Darmaing, chief editor of the Gazette des 
 Tribunaux, " a woman of about thirty years, 
 shot in the centre of the forehead, and falling 
 to the ground about ten yards distant from me. 
 A journeyman-baker, with his arms and legs 
 bare, and a man of colossal stature, immedi- 
 ately seizes the corpse, and, holding it on his 
 head, carries it to the place des Victoires 9 
 shouting vengeance ! There, after having laid 
 it on the ground before him, and at the foot of 
 the statue of Louis XIV., he harangues the 
 multitude, which surrounds him, with an en- 
 ergy which made every one thrill with horror, 
 Then taking the body again, he carries it to- 
 wards the watch at the Bank, which is very 
 near to the place des Victoires, and hardly ar- 
 rived before the soldiers assembled before the 
 door, he throws the corpse, all bloody, towards 
 them, saying, " There, that's the way your 
 comrades treat our women ! . . . Will you do 
 the same? " — u No.," answers one of these sol- 
 diers, pressing his hand; " but why don't you 
 come with arms? 5? All the other soldiers turn- 
 ed pale, and tears dropped from the eyes of 
 the officer. A few moments later, when some 
 one complained to the officer, pointing at 
 some citizens, killed by the royal guards, he 
 
142 
 
 was heard to say, " Kill me, kill me! death is 
 preferable to such a terrible position as ours! " 
 
 A soldier of the royal guard is struck by a 
 ball and falls; " Yet I was a good French- 
 man," said he. What a revelation is this 
 word! How many soldiers, who could not 
 speak, and who, deceived by the mistaken 
 idea of a despotic countersign, and seeking 
 honor where it was not, have fallen, without 
 knowing that it was necessary to rally round 
 the colors of liberty, in order to show them- 
 selves true sons of France. 
 
 A soldier of the guard having surrendered, 
 was protected by two citizens. The people 
 contented themselves with laughing at their 
 paleness, and at the forced way in which they 
 shouted: " Vive la Charte!" u Vive la 
 Liberte!" 
 
 On the glorious 29th of July, a royal guard 
 threw down his gun and his uniform, and 
 
143 
 
 trampled upon them with tears in his eyes. 
 The unfortunate man, in firing upon the peo 
 pie, had killed his father. 
 
 We are obliged to say with much regret, 
 that the gendarmes have shown a most cri- 
 minal fury against the people. Thus, when 
 the national guard presented themselves to 
 take the post at the Prefecture of the Police, 
 they opposed them most senselessly for a long 
 time, and killed many inoffensive people, on 
 the other side of the river. 
 
 The inhabitants of the house No. 9, street 
 Saint-Honore, delivered an unfortunate sol- 
 dier from the fury of the people. This man 
 belonged to the 15th of the line; he came with 
 several other soldiers, to carry away the dead 
 which his battalion had left on the spot. 
 Among others, the chief of their battalion, who, 
 having commanded his soldiers to fire, was 
 the very first who fell. 
 
 The people seeing them, fell upon them, and 
 already had the poor fellow received a blow 
 in his right side, when he was carried away and 
 
144 
 
 thrown into the alley. He was undressed, 
 bandaged, cured, and today dressed in uni- 
 form, he serves in the ranks of the national 
 guards. 
 
 In the street of the Mint, a platoon of the 
 troops of the line had aimed at the people, 
 when one soldier fainted away, recognising 
 his brother in the group, which was fired at. 
 This soldier left his ranks to throw himself in- 
 to the arms of his brother, and retired with 
 him, cursing the execrable power which he 
 had been ordered to defend. 
 
 Mr Louyer-Vellermey, nephew, found, in 
 dressing the wounded at the ambulatory of the 
 street Saint-Marque, several balls of extraor- 
 dinary forms, as chewed balls, &c. 
 
 In one of the streets adjacent to the main 
 street of Faubourg Saint-Honore, an officer 
 of the guard, commanding a numerous detach- 
 ment, made a platoon fire upon all persons who 
 appeared towards the extremity of the street, 
 
145 
 
 Women and old men fell by the royal guards 
 stretched on the pavement, and the atrocious 
 officer, hardly taking the pains to avoid tread 
 ing on the deplorable victims, looked up at the 
 windows and smiled at the women who were 
 attracted by the interest of these tragic scenes. 
 A ball from one of the windows punished this 
 insolent murderer with death. 
 
 Some Swiss killed behind the columns, 
 where they had retreated, have been interred 
 on the terrace at the foot of the colonnade of 
 the Louvre, from which they made a lively 
 fire upon the streets Chilperic, des Pretres, 
 des Fosess Saint-Germain-PAuxerrois, and 
 de PArbre-Sec. 
 
 It is at the corner of this place, and on the 
 bank of the Seine, that some heroic citizens 
 who fell on the 28th and 29th, were interred. 
 Two large pits were dug, into which about 
 tvventyfour corpses were laid, between two lay- 
 ers of quicklime; the dead were carried to the 
 spot in large wagons. A person here recog- 
 nised his brother; the body was covered with 
 blood, and hardly to be recognised; however, 
 13 
 
146 
 
 the brother of the victim threw himself upon 
 the body with cries and lamentations; he cut 
 off a lock of his brother's hair, embraced the 
 body, and then left it to the common grave. 
 The citizens paid to these bodies all the honors 
 due to soldiers and christians. They dis- 
 charged their muskets over this vast tomb, 
 and called a priest of the church Saint-Ger- 
 main-rAuxerrois. The abbe Paravey came in 
 flie sacerdotal dress, and blessed the ground 
 of the dead. He has since erected upon the 
 spot a wooden cross upon which is the simple 
 inscription: To the French who died for liberty. 
 
 The bodies of several martyrs of liberty 
 have been interred in the midst of the market 
 des Innocens; the ground which contains the 
 precious remains is surrounded by a railing, 
 and is covered with innumerable crowns of 
 immortelles; a box is placed there to receive the 
 contributions destined for the support of their 
 widows and children. The same has been 
 done on other places, where citizens who per- 
 ished on the memorable days of the 27th, 28th 
 and 29th, have been interred. 
 
 The young Achille Piquefeu, national 
 guard of the 8th legion, struck by a ball at the 
 
147 
 
 market Saint Jean, on the 28th, died at home 
 in the street, Culture-Sainte-Catharine, con- 
 soling his family and friends, with words of the 
 purest patriotism. He was carried to the cem- 
 etery of the East by his two brothers, assisted 
 by youths whose hearts thrilled with heroism, 
 as the children and the crowd, whom the 
 coffin passed read this simple and majestic 
 epitaph: Mort Pour La Patrie. 
 
 It was a painful spectacle on the 30th of 
 July, to see at the foot of La Morgue, a large 
 boat bearing a black flag, in which the dead 
 who incumbered the rooms of this melancholy 
 edifice, were let down upon biers. Some 
 were in coffins, which opened at the slight- 
 est shock, others were quite naked; they 
 were ranged in piles, covered with straw, and 
 the boat was filled with quicklime, to prevent 
 putrifaction. There were bodies of children 
 from ten to twelve years, of women, and old 
 men. The crowd which bordered the banks 
 of the Seine, in beholding this melancholy em- 
 barkation'of the dead, seemed struck dumb with 
 horror. Violent imprecations of the people, 
 interrupted from time to time the sombre 
 silence. 
 
J 48 
 
 Some unfortunate mothers were weeping, 
 and others embraced their children with en- 
 thusiasm, happy to see that they were too 
 young to take part in these bloody contests. 
 
 " Some yards distant from the place,' 5 says 
 the editor of the Journal des Debats, " we 
 were stopped by a convoy of wounded who 
 had been collected that morning. They were 
 surrounded by spectators, who cried: c Vive la 
 patrie! vive la liberie!' The crowd around 
 them was dispersed, in order to allow the 
 wounded to breathe with greater freedom. The 
 passengers respectfully took off their hats." 
 
 The street de Chartres, by its position, be- 
 came, on the 29th, the theatre of a long and 
 murderous combat between the citizens who 
 came from the conquest of the Louvre, and the 
 royal troops stationed at the place of the Car- 
 rousel, and on that of the Palais-Royal. At the 
 moment when the most terrible fire thronged 
 these streets with dead and wounded, Mr 
 Thourel, lawyer, made a hospital in the street. 
 
149 
 
 Among the combatants were three students 
 of medicine, who laid aside their arms to dress 
 the wounded, whom other citizens immediately 
 carried away. Nearly fifty defenders of lib- 
 erty, taken up in the street in the midst of a 
 shower of balls, were received and taken care 
 of in the best manner. All the neighbors as- 
 sisted in this work of courage and humanity, 
 and threw linen and lint out of the windows. 
 Fifteen or sixteen royal guards were also 
 saved, and the captain of the 6th, who com- 
 manded on the place of the Palais-Royal, 
 wounded very severely, was bandaged in the 
 same house, with the same care as our war- 
 riors. An instance of the generous conduct of 
 the Parisians towards those very men who 
 were sent to slay them. 
 
 The art of healing did not remain behind in 
 these great days; all the hospitals, without ex- 
 ception, were open for the wounded, and all 
 the surgeons of these establishments, vied in 
 zeal and devotedness in giving immediate as- 
 sistance to the victims of the bloody contest 
 between the citizens and their oppressors. 
 Ambulatory hospitals were erected in all the 
 13* 
 
150 
 
 quarters to which the battle extended, and 
 the house of every physician became an asylum 
 for our wounded. In this emulation to do 
 good, the Hotel-Dieu was particularly dis- 
 tinguished. Placed in the centre of Paris, 
 and in tbe vicinity of the most murderous en- 
 gagements, it afforded assistance to more than 
 a thousand wounded, and it received into its 
 walls more than five hundred. Everything 
 seemed here as by enchantment to be arranged 
 for one vast ambulatory. Young surgeons 
 followed by biers, went to take up the wound- 
 ed in the very fire of the musketry. 
 
 Marseilles, one of the most distant places 
 frorn the capital, had raised the tri-colored flag 
 on the 4th of August. Everywhere it was re- 
 ceived without opposition. The Vendee even 
 resisted the insinuations of some intriguers, 
 and this valiant population proved that they 
 also had received their constitutional educa- 
 tion. The inhabitants of Rouen, of Havre, 
 and of the whole department of the Lower 
 Seine, have shown themselves the first, and 
 rivalled the Parisians, whom they came to 
 join, armed and ready to fight and to die for 
 
151 
 
 public liberties. Thus, from Paris the rays of 
 liberty have penetrated to the remotest fron- 
 tiers, and all France is animated by the same 
 noble enthusiasm of civil liberty. 
 
 The French nation had consecrated, during 
 the revolution, a monument, as the deposit of 
 the remains of great men; a power which 
 neither knew the country nor its great men, 
 changed the noble destination of this building, 
 and even had effaced from it this simple and 
 sublime inscription: 
 
 Aux Grands Homme s 
 
 La Patrie Reconnaissante. 
 
 (to her great men, the grateful, country.) 
 
 France has now regained her rights, and lib- 
 erty has given her back her heroes; it is just 
 that the Pantheon should revive, and' be ap- 
 plied to the noble purpose which gave it birth. 
 If liberty is the first want of the country, 
 gratitude is also her first duty. On the 1st of 
 August several citizens united and restored 
 this inscription so dear to all hearts, and plant- 
 ed a tri-colored flag over the front of the edi- 
 
152 
 
 fice. The procession, composed of the 1st 
 and 5th companies of the national corps of the 
 students, was saluted by universal acclama- 
 tion; an immense crowd assembled on the 
 place of the Pantheon, and, at the moment of 
 the restoration of the inscription, the colors 
 were lowered, the drummers sounded, and the 
 crowd shouted: " Vive la liberie! Vive la 
 nation! " 
 
 We believe that the measures which called 
 the Parisians into battle, and the most infa- 
 mous orders given to suppress this national 
 rising, were not approved by the duchess of 
 Angouleme, nor by the duchess of Berry. 
 The latter, a stranger to the strife and the 
 hatred of parties, solely occupied with the arts, 
 pleasure, and good deeds, did not conceive the 
 risk to which the prospects of her son was 
 exposed; justly alarmed for his future destiny, 
 she sighed to see it endangered. Her 
 woman's heart shuddered at the idea of French 
 blood shed by French. Let us bless the 
 fatality which prevented Charles X. from fol- 
 lowing her wise advice; he would have -saved 
 himself, and our rights would have been de- 
 layed still for a long time; but at the same 
 
153 
 
 time let us pity a young woman, who has left 
 no enemies in this country, and who has be- 
 come the victim of acts which she condemned. 
 
 On the 29th, as soon as the detachment of 
 the line which occupied the port of PAbbaye, 
 had surrendered their arms to the national 
 guards of the 11th legion, Mr Suberbie, one 
 of them, had refreshments given to them at 
 Mr Dumas, wine merchant, at the corner of 
 the street des Boucheries, also to two deserters, 
 who had just been delivered, and who he in- 
 corporated into one of the detachments of the 
 11th legion, which marched to attack the Tuil- 
 leries. An Englishman, witness of the energy 
 of the Parisians, said to him: " Sir, the cour- 
 age which the French show in recovering 
 their liberty, will be the admiration of all na- 
 tions." — " Yes," answered the national guard, 
 u and our wisdom after the victory, will win us 
 the respect of kings." 
 
 It is impossible for us to cite all the noble 
 traits of devotion to the cause of liberty exhib- 
 
154 
 
 ited by foreigners present at Paris. We shall 
 only offer a few as example for thousands. 
 
 The English living at the Hotel Meurice, 
 deposited in the office of the Constitutional, 
 the sum of a thousand francs, to be added to 
 the subscription opened for the wounded, or 
 widows of citizens, who died for liberty on the 
 27th, 28th, and 29th of July. 
 
 A Greek, Baptiste Pecota, distinguished 
 himself during the glorious days of the 28th 
 and 29th. This brave man defended with the 
 greatest courage the Hotel du Nord, place 
 Saint- Germain VJluxerrois. He was the per- 
 son who planted the tri-colored flag upon the 
 church. 
 
 We have seen in our ranks Spaniards, Ital- 
 ians, Portuguese, English and Americans. 
 Mr Lindo, an Englishman, employed in the 
 house of Orr and Goldschmidt, at Paris, had 
 himself enrolled in the national guard; he 
 
155 
 
 braved the common enemy, and after the lat- 
 ter was driven from the capital, Mr Lindo did 
 not leave the post which was assigned to him; 
 he mounted a guard of 48 hours. 
 
 Another Englishman, living at the Hotel 
 Meurice, fought with the people during the 
 28th and 29th. His enthusiasm and valor 
 had animated the citizens to such a degree, 
 that they unanimously elected him their cap- 
 tain. This brave foreigner led the citizens to 
 the fire with unequalled ardor, and did not 
 abandon the command which he so justly de- 
 served, until he saw entire calm reestablished. 
 Such acts honor both nations at the same time, 
 and certainly they would live always in the 
 greatest amity, if the two nations were allowed 
 only to act. 
 
 A third Englishman, who contributed equal- 
 ly in person to the defence of our noble cause, 
 was struck by a ball in the head at the moment 
 he advanced to the window of his Hotel, to 
 throw stones upon the royal troops. 
 
156 
 
 Among the unfortunate victims who have 
 rendered the 28th of July so illustrious, is 
 one named Sebire Celeste, of Lille; this young 
 man had arrived the night before at Paris; 
 filled with the noble sentiments which liberty 
 inspires, he took arms and joined the Parisians. 
 In ambuscade near the market des Innocens, 
 he planted the tri-colored flag on the barri- 
 cade, in spite of the cannon and musket fire 
 which were directed against him. He went 
 to replace it a second time, when a ball shat- 
 tered both his legs. This young man, without 
 fortune, was carried to the hospital Dubois, 
 where he was amputated. We hope his life 
 will be saved, and the country will acknowl- 
 edge his devotion to the nation. 
 
 Several young Creoles from the Islede France, 
 Bourbon, and Martinique are mentioned, who 
 rendered themselves conspicuous on the im- 
 m.ortal day of the 29th. These intrepid colo- 
 nists covered themselves with glory in the at- 
 tack of the barrack of the Swiss, street Baby- 
 lone; under the command of a scholar of the 
 Ecole Poly technique they braved a continual 
 fire of the Swiss, and were the first in the as- 
 sault. Honor to these brave colonists who sec- 
 onded so ably the attack of the national guards. 
 
157 
 
 It is known what sensation our revolution 
 produced all over the civilized world, and how 
 particularly the English nation have manifest- 
 ed in various ways, by public speeches, the 
 sending of congratulatory deputations and the 
 collection of large sums for the widows and 
 orphans of the victims, their lively applause of 
 our great cause. The following simple anec- 
 dote may serve as a lively picture of the senti- 
 ment which reigns at present between the two 
 freest nations of Europe. At the theatre of 
 Marseilles a dance was advertised which often 
 had entertained the audience by ridiculing the 
 manners of the English, and which before the 
 revolution was a popular entertainment on the 
 stage. But this time all the audience objected 
 to this performance, because it appeared to 
 them a great indecorum to ridicule a nation 
 which had shown so lively a sympathy for our 
 dearests interests, for liberty. 
 
 A large volume would not be sufficient to 
 enumerate all the traits of generosity which 
 this memorable period has called forth. All 
 ranks, all individuals, signalized themselves 
 and we must mention that the theatres, not in 
 a prosperous condition, distinguished them- 
 14 
 
158 
 
 themselves likewise. The Theatre Francais 
 destined alone twelve representations for the 
 support of the wounded, widows and orphans. 
 
 The Constitutionnel opened a subscription 
 which amounted already on August 21, to 
 431,181 francs 47 centimes. 
 
 The united posts of the Louvre from July 
 to August 1, at noon, have received from the 
 generosity of the citizens the sum of 3741 
 francs 50 centimes. The following statement 
 of this sum is interesting, as it shows from what 
 quarters a great part of the contributions 
 came : — 
 
 FRANCS. 
 
 Five franc pieces - 1,140 
 
 Rouleaux of monnaie blanche 1 ,475 
 Gold ------- 60 
 
 Pieces of 2 francs 75 cent. 1 1 
 
 Pieces of 5 francs 80 cent. . 17 40 cts. 
 
 Liards 3 
 
 Six Liards 10 10 a 
 
 Monnaie blanche . . . . . 13 75 " 
 Sous ...... 1,011 25 
 
 (C 
 
 Total, 3,741 50 
 
159 
 
 The duchess of Orleans, accompanied by 
 Mademoiselle, her sister in law, and sur- 
 rounded by her family, visited the wounded, 
 at the Hotel-Dieu. She went into all the 
 rooms, and stopped at the beds of many sick. 
 Mr Dupuytren and the nuns, pointed out those 
 whose dangerous cases required a particular 
 care. The princess addressed to each the 
 most consoling words, and had their names 
 taken down: she put her hand on the arms of 
 the wounded, and said to some: "Your actions 
 and your courage have saved the citizens. " 
 The Swiss, the royal guards, Sec, manifested 
 their gratitude for the cares bestowed upon 
 them: she said to them: u You obeyed, believ- 
 ing you did your duty; you will be cured, and 
 you will do it yet for the defence of the coun- 
 try." 
 
 All the other hospitals were visited by this 
 benevolent princess. 
 
 On Sunday, the 31st, all the churches, even 
 those which had been transformed into hospi- 
 tals for the wounded of the 27, 28, and 29th of 
 July, were re-opened; divine service was cel- 
 ebrated everywhere with the usual calmness 
 and ceremony. 
 
160 
 The theatres were only closed five days. 
 
 We do not intend to write the eulogy of the 
 prince, called to rule over us according to the 
 new charter. The most popular of writers, 
 Paul-Louis Courier, vine dresser, has done 
 it for us. His original and inimitable talents, 
 lost too soon to France, which he revenged 
 against her malicious and ridiculous oppres- 
 sors, is the most imposing authority. 
 
 The following is the passage alluded to; it 
 is taken from a letter of Paul-Louis Courier, 
 printed in 1822: — 
 
 " I love the Duke of Orleans, because^ 
 though born a prince, he thinks it worth while 
 to be an honest man. He has not promised 
 me anything; but should he do so, I should 
 trust him; and, the contract once made, I be- 
 lieve he would keep it with faith, without de- 
 liberating on it with gentlemen, or consulting 
 with Jesuits. These are the reasons on which 
 I have formed this opinion: he is of our age; of 
 this century, not of the other, having seen little 
 of what is called the ancien regime. He has 
 fought in our ranks, hence he does not fear un- 
 der-ofj&pers; and afterwards, having emigrated 
 
161 
 
 against his inclination, he never fought against 
 us, knowing too well what he owes to his na- 
 tive ground, and that we cannot be right in 
 opposing our country. He knows this and 
 other things, not to be learned in the rank in 
 which he stands. His good fortune decreed 
 that he should descend from it, and, when 
 young, live with us. Of a prince he became 
 a man. In France he fought against our com- 
 mon enemies; without France, he worked for 
 his living; to him cannot be applied the saying; 
 6 He has forgotten nothing and learned nothing.' 
 Foreigners have seen him informing himself, 
 and not begging. He never asked Pitt or sup- 
 plicated Coburg to lay waste our fields, to burn 
 our villages, in order to revenge the chateaux. 
 When he returned, he did not found masses, 
 seminaries, nor endow convents at our ex- 
 pense; but wise in his life, in his manners, he 
 gives an example, which preaches better than 
 missionaries. In short, he is an honest man. 
 " I should like, for my part, that all princes 
 might resemble him; none of them would loose 
 by it, and we should gain. If he should rule, 
 he would manage things well, not only by his 
 wisdom, but by a virtue, not less important and 
 too little celebrated. It is his economy, a virtue 
 — if you wish — burgeoise, — which the court ab- 
 14* 
 
162 
 
 hors in a prince, but for us so precious, so ad- 
 mirable to rule us, so — how shall I say it ? di- 
 vine, that with it I should almost dispense with 
 all others. 
 
 u If I speak thus of him, it is not that I 
 know him better than you, perhaps not so well, 
 I having never even seen him. I know only 
 what is said; but the public is no fool, and can 
 judge princes, because they live in public. 
 Neither am I his partisan, having never been 
 of the party of anybody. I shall not follow 
 any man, nor seek my fortune in revolutions, 
 which are made for the benefit of some few. 
 Born in the people, I have remained in that 
 station by choice, and if it shall be necessary 
 to choose again, I shall be of the party of the 
 people, peasants, like myself." 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL CHARTER 
 
 THE FRENCH 
 
 As decreed on Aug. 8, 1830, by the two Legislative 
 Chambers, and presented for the acceptance ofH.R. 
 H. Monseigneur the Duke of Orleans, Lieutenant 
 General of the Kingdom. 
 
 This Charter is nothing but the ancient 
 charter with the suppressions, the extensions 
 and interpretations, adopted by both Chambers 
 in favor of liberty. We publish it in the only 
 text which now constitutes the public law of 
 France ; we have indicated by italics the or- 
 der or amended articles, and in notes have 
 given the changes or suppressed articles. 
 
164 
 
 The whole preamble of the ancient charter 
 was suppressed, as containing the principle of 
 concession and octroi (grant,) incompatible 
 with that of the acknowledgment of national 
 power, from which alone all other powers 
 legally emanate, and more than every other, 
 that of constitutional royalty. 
 
 The following is the substitution of the pre- 
 amble : 
 
 DECLARATION OP THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. 
 
 The Chamber of Deputies, taking into con- 
 sideration the imperious necessity which re- 
 sults from the events of the 26th, 27th, 28th 
 and 29th of July, and the following days ; and 
 from the situation in which France is placed 
 in consequence of the violation of the Consti- 
 tutional Charter : — 
 
 Considering, moreover, that by this viola- 
 tion, and the heroic resistance of the citizens 
 of Paris, his Majesty Charles X., his Royal 
 Highness Louis- Antoine, dauphin, and all the 
 members of the senior branch of the royal 
 house are leaving, at this moment, the French 
 territory — 
 
 Declares that the Throne is vacant de facto 
 et de jure, and that it is necessary to fill it. 
 
165 
 
 The Chamber of Deputies declare secondly, 
 that according to the wish, and for the interest 
 of the French people, the preamble of the Con- 
 stitutional Charter is suppressed, as wounding 
 the national dignity in appearing to grant to 
 the French rights which^essentially belong to 
 them ; and that the following Articles of the 
 same Charter ought to be suppressed or modi- 
 fied in the following manner. 
 
 Louis Philip, King of the French, to all 
 to whom these presents shall come, greeting : 
 
 We have ordained and ordain, that the con- 
 stitutional charter of 1614, as amended by the 
 two chambers, on the 7th Aug., and adopted by 
 us on the 9th, be published anew in the follow- 
 ing[terms : 
 
 TUBLIC LAW OF THE FRENCH. 
 
 Art. 1. Frenchmen are equal before the 
 law, whatever otherwise may be their titles or 
 their ranks. 
 
 2. They contribute in proportion to their 
 fortunes to the charges of the state. 
 
 3. They are all equally admissible to civil 
 and military employments. 
 
 4. Their individual liberty is equally guar- 
 
166 
 
 anteed. No person can be either prosecuted 
 or arrested, except in cases provided for by 
 the law, and in the form which it prescribes. 
 
 5. Each one may profess his religion with 
 equal liberty, and shall receive for his religious 
 worship the same protection. 
 
 6. The Ministers of the Catholic, Apostolic, 
 and Roman Religion, professed by the majori- 
 ty of the French, and those of other Christian 
 worship, receive stipends from the public treasu- 
 ry- (1) 
 
 7. Frenchmen have the right of publishing 
 and causing to be printed their opinions, pro- 
 vided they conform themselves to the laws. 
 
 The Censorship can never be re-establish- 
 ed, (2) 
 
 (1) This article 6 is substituted for the articles 6 and 
 7 of the old Charter, which ran thus : 
 
 6. However the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman re- 
 ligion, is the religion of the state. 
 
 7. The Ministers of the Catholic, Apostolic and Ro- 
 man religion, and those of other Christian confessions, 
 alone receive stipends from the public treasury. 
 
 (2) Article 8 of the old Charter : 
 
 The French have the right to publish and to cause 
 to be published, their opinions, conforming themselves 
 to the laws, which shall prevent the abuse of this lib- 
 erty. 
 
167 
 
 8. All property is inviolable, without excep- 
 tion of that which is called national^ the law 
 making no difference between them. 
 
 9. The state can exact the sacrifice of prop- 
 erty for the good of the public, legally proved, 
 but with a previous indemnity. 
 
 10. All examination into the opinions and 
 votes given before the restoration are inter- 
 dicted, and the same oblivion is commanded 
 to be adopted by the tribunals and by the citi- 
 zens. 
 
 11. The Conscription is abolished. The 
 method of recruiting the army for land and sea 
 is to be determined by the law. 
 
 FORMS OF THE KING'S GOVERNMENT. 
 
 12. The person of the King is inviolable 
 and sacred. His ministers are responsible. 
 To the King alone belongs executive power. 
 
 13. The King is the supreme head of the 
 state ; commands the forces by sea and by 
 land ; declares war, makes treaties of peace 
 and alliance and of commerce ; he appoints to 
 all offices in public administration, and makes 
 all regulations necessary for the execution of 
 the laws, without ever having power either to 
 
168 
 
 suspend the laws themselves, or dispense with 
 their execution. 
 
 Nevertheless, no foreign troops can be admit- 
 ted into the service of the State without an ex- 
 press law. (3) 
 
 14. The Legislative Power is to be exer- 
 cised collectively by the King, the Chamber 
 of Peers, and the Chamber of Deputies. (4) 
 
 15. The proposition of the laws belongs to 
 the King, to the Chamber of Peers, and to the 
 Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 Nevertheless, all the laws of Taxes are to be 
 first voted by the Chamber of Deputies. (5) 
 
 (3) Art. 14 of the old Charter : 
 
 The King is the supreme head of the state, commands 
 the forces by land and sea, declares war, makes treaties 
 of peace, alliance and commerce, appoints to all offices 
 of public administration, and makes rules and orders, 
 necessary for the execution of the laws, and the safety 
 of the state. 
 
 (4) There was in article 15 of the old charter : and 
 the chamber of deputies of the departments. These 
 three last words have been suppressed. 
 
 (5) Art. 15 is in the place of art. 16 and 17 of the old 
 charter, which were thus : 
 
 Art. 16. The King proposes the law. 
 
 Art, 17. The proposition of the law is carried, at the 
 pleasure of the King, to the chamber of peers or that 
 of the deputies, except the law of taxes, which is to be 
 directed to the chamber of deputies. 
 
169 
 
 16. Every law is to be discussed and freely 
 voted by the majority of each of the two 
 Chambers. 
 
 17. If a proposed law be rejected by one of 
 the three powers , it cannot be brought forward 
 again in the same session. (6) 
 
 18. The king alone sanctions and promul- 
 gates the laws. 
 
 19. The civil list is to be fixed for the du- 
 ration of the reign by the Legislative Assembly 
 after the accession of the King. 
 
 OF THE CHAMBER OF PEERS. 
 
 Article 20. The Chamber of Peers is to 
 form an essential portion of the Legislative 
 Power. 
 
 (6) Art. 17 is substituted for articles 19, 20 and 21, 
 suppressed as useless, after the preceding provisions. 
 They were the following : 
 
 Art. 19. The Chambers have the right to petition the 
 king to propose a law on any subject whatever, and to 
 indicate what seems to them proper, the law ought to 
 contain. 
 
 Art. 20. This request may be made by each of the 
 Chambers, but after having been discussed in secret 
 committee : it is not to be sent to the other Chamber, 
 by that which proposes, until after the elapse of ten 
 days. 
 
 Art. 21. If the prooosition is adopted by the other 
 15 
 
170 
 
 21. It is convoked by the king at the same 
 time as the Chamber of Deputies. The ses- 
 sion of one begins and ends at the same time 
 as that of the other. 
 
 22. Any assembly of the Chamber of Peers, 
 which should be held at a time which is not that 
 of the session of the Chamber of Deputies, 
 is illicit, and null of full right, except the only 
 case in which it is assembled as a Court of Jus- 
 tice, and then it can only exercise judicial func- 
 tions. (7) 
 
 23. The nomination of the Peers of France 
 belongs to the king. Their number is un- 
 limited : he can vary their dignities, and 
 name them Peers for life, or make them he- 
 reditary at his pleasure. 
 
 24. Peers can enter the Chamber at twenty 
 five years of age, but have only a delibera- 
 tive voice at the age of thirty years. 
 
 25. The Chamber of Peers is to be presid- 
 ed over by the Chancellor of France; and in 
 his absence, by a Peer named by the King. 
 
 chamber, it is to be laid before the king ; if it is reject- 
 ed, it cannot be presented again in the same session. 
 
 (7) This is article 26 of the old Charter, augmented 
 by this provision, which was not in the former, and the 
 
171 
 
 26. The princes of blood are to be Peers 
 by right of birth. They are to take their 
 seats immediately behind the President. (8) 
 
 27. The sittings of the Chamber of Peers are 
 public as that of the Chamber of Deputies, (9) 
 
 28. The Chamber of Peers takes cogni- 
 zance of high treason, and of attempts against 
 the security of the State, which is to be defin- 
 ed by the law. 
 
 29. No Peer can be arrested, but by the 
 authority of the Chamber, or judged but by 
 it in a criminal matter. 
 
 OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. 
 
 30. The Chamber of Deputies will be corn- 
 words following have been suppressed ; or that it should 
 be ordained by the king. 
 
 (8) Art. 30 of the old Charter; 
 
 The members of the royal family and the princes of 
 the blood, are Peers by the right of birth ; they sit im- 
 mediately behind the President ; but they have no de- 
 liberative voice, before their twentyfifth year. 
 
 Art. 31, was thus : 
 
 The princes cannot take their seats in the Chamber, 
 but by order of the king, expressed for each session by 
 a message, under penalty of rendering every thing null 
 which has been done in their presence. — Suppressed. 
 
 (9) AH deliberations of the Chamber of Peers, are 
 secret. Art. 32 of the old Charter.. 
 
172 
 
 posed of Deputies elected by the electoral 
 colleges; the organization of which is to be 
 determined by law. (10) 
 
 31. The Deputies are to be elected for five 
 years. (11) 
 
 32. No Deputy can be admitted into the 
 Chamber till he has attained the age of thirty 
 "years, and if he does not possess theother con ditions 
 prescribed by the laiv . (12) 
 
 33. If however, there should not be in the 
 Department fifty persons of the age specified 
 paying the amount of taxes fixed by law, their 
 number shall be completed from the persons 
 who pay the greatest amount of taxes under 
 the amount fixed by law. (13) 
 
 (10) Art. 36 was thus : 
 
 Every department shall have the same number of De- 
 puties which it has previously had. — - Suppressed. 
 
 (11) Art. 37 of the old Charter. 
 
 The Deputies shall be elected for five years, and in 
 such a way, that the Chamber is renewed each year by 
 a fifth. 
 
 (12) Art. 38 of the old Charter; 
 
 No Deputy can be admitted into the Chamber, if he 
 is not forty years old, and if he does not pay direct taxes 
 of 1000 francs. 
 
 (13) Article 39 of the old Charter ; 
 
 If, nevertheless, there should not be in the depart- 
 ment, 50 persons of the indicated age, paying at least 
 1000 francs, direct taxes, their number will be complet- 
 
173 
 
 34. No person can be an elector if he is un- 
 der 25 years of age ; and if he does not pos- 
 sess all the other conditions determined by the 
 law. (14) 
 
 35. The Presidents of the electoral colle- 
 ges are elected by the electors. (15) 
 
 36. The half at least of the Deputies are 
 to be chosen from those who have their politi- 
 cal residence in the Departments. 
 
 37. The President of the Chamber of De- 
 puties is to be elected by the Chamber itself 
 at the opening of each session. (16) 
 
 38. The sittings of the Chamber are to be 
 public, but the request of five members will 
 be sufficient that it forms itself into a secret 
 committee. 
 
 ed by those who pay the highest taxes under 1000 francs ; 
 and these may be elected concurrently with the others. 
 
 (14) Art. 40 of the old charter : 
 
 The electors, who concur in electing the Deputy, 
 cannot have the right of suffrage, if they do not pay 
 a direct tax of 300 francs ; and if they are les3 than 
 thirty years of age. 
 
 (15) Art. 41 of the old Charter. 
 
 The presidents of the electoral colleges shall be nomi- 
 nated by the king, and be, by right, members of the col- 
 lege. 
 
 (1G) Art. 43 of the old Charter : 
 
 The President of the Chamber of Deputies is nomi- 
 15* 
 
174 
 
 39. The Chamber divides itself into bureaux 
 (committees) to discuss the projects of laws, 
 which may have been presented from the 
 king. (17) 
 
 40. No tax can be established nor imposed, if 
 it has not been consented to by the two Chambers, 
 and sanctioned by the king. 
 
 41. The land and house tax can only be 
 voted for one year. The indirect taxes may 
 be voted for many years. 
 
 42. The king convokes every year the two 
 Chambers, he prorogues them, and may dis- 
 solve that of the Deputies; but in this case he 
 must convoke a new one within the period of 
 three months. 
 
 43. No bodily restraint can be exercised 
 against a member of the Chamber during the 
 session, nor for six weeks which precede or 
 follow the session. 
 
 nated by the king, from a list of five members, presented 
 by the Chamber. 
 
 (IT) In consequence of the initiative, are suppressed 
 art. 46 and 47, which were thus i 
 
 46. No amendment can be made to a law, if it has not 
 been proposed or consented to by the king, and if it has 
 not been sent back and discussed by the bureaux. 
 
 47 The Chamber of Deputies receives all proposi« 
 tions of taxes, only after these proportions have been 
 consented to, they may be carried to the Chamber of 
 Peers. 
 
175 
 
 44. No member of the Chamber can be, 
 during the session, prosecuted or arrested in 
 a criminal matter, except taken in the act, till 
 after the Chamber has permitted his arrest. 
 
 45. Every petition to either of the Cham- 
 bers, must be made in writing. The law inter- 
 dicts its being carried in person to the bar. 
 
 OF THE MINISTERS. 
 
 46. The ministers can be members of the 
 Chamber of Peers or the Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 They have, moreover, their entrance into 
 either Chamber, and are entitled to be heard 
 when they demand it. 
 
 47. The Chamber of Deputies have the right 
 of impeaching the Ministers, or of transferring 
 them before the Chamber of Peers, who alone 
 has the right to judge them. ( 18) 
 
 JUDICIAL REGULATIONS. 
 
 4S. All justice emanates from the king; it is 
 administered in his name by the judges, whom 
 he nominates, and whom he institutes. 
 
 (18) Article 56 of the old charter is suppressed; it 
 ran thus : 
 
 They cannot be accused except for treason or pecula- 
 tion. Particular laws will specify this kind of offences, 
 and will determine how they are to be prosecuted. 
 
176 
 
 49. The judges named by the king are im- 
 movable. 
 
 50. The ordinary courts and tribunals exist- 
 ing are to be maintained, and there is to be no 
 change but by virtue of a law, 
 
 51. The actual institution of the judges of 
 commerce is preserved. 
 
 52. The office of justice of peace is equally 
 preserved. The justices of peace, though named 
 by the king, are not immovable. 
 
 53. No one can be deprived of his natural 
 judges. 
 
 54. There cannot, in consequence, be extra- 
 ordinary committees and tribunals created, ww- 
 der whatever title or denomination this ever might 
 be, (19) 
 
 55. The debates will be public in criminal 
 matters, at least when the publicity will not be 
 dangerous to order and decency, and in that 
 case the tribunal is to declare so by a distinct 
 judgment. 
 
 56. The institution of juries is to be preserve 
 
 (19) Art. 63 of the old charter: 
 
 Tn consequence there cannot be created extraordinary 
 committees and tribunals. The juridietions prevdtales, 
 if their re-establishment should be found necessary, are 
 flot comprised under this denomination. 
 
177 
 
 ed ; the changes which a longer experience may 
 render necessary can only be effected by a law. 
 
 57. The punishment of confiscation of goods 
 is abolished, and cannot be re-established. 
 
 58. The king has the right to pardon and to 
 commute the punishment. 
 
 59. The civil code, and the actual laws ex- 
 isting, that are not contrary to the present char- 
 ter, will remain in full force until they shall be 
 legally abrogated. 
 
 PARTICULAR RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY THE 
 STATE. 
 
 60. The military in actual service, retired 
 officers and soldiers, widows, officers, and sol- 
 diers on pension, are to preserve their grades, 
 honors, and pensions. 
 
 61. The public debt is guaranteed. Every 
 sort of engagement made by the state with its 
 creditors is to be inviolable. 
 
 62. The old nobility retake their titles. The 
 new preserve theirs. The king creates nobles 
 at his pleasure ; but he only grants to them 
 rank and honors, without any exemption from 
 the charges and duties of society. 
 
 63. The legion of honor is to be maintained. 
 
178 
 
 The king shall determine its internal regula- 
 tions and the decorations. 
 
 64. The colonies are to be governed by par* 
 ticular laws. (20) 
 
 05. The king and his successors shall swear, 
 at their accession, in presence of the two cham- 
 bers, to observe faithfully the present constitu- 
 tional charter. (21 ) 
 
 66. The present charter and the rights it 
 consecrates, shall be entrusted to the patriotism 
 and courage of the national guard and all the 
 citizens. 
 
 61. France resumes her colors. For the fu- 
 ture there will be no other cockade than the tri- 
 colored cockade. (22) 
 
 (20) Art. 73 of the old charter : 
 
 The colonies will be governed by particular laws and 
 regulations. 
 
 (21) Art. 74 of the old charter : 
 
 The king and his successors shall swear at the coro- 
 nation, to observe faithfully the present constitutional 
 charter. 
 
 (22) Arts. 75 and 76 of the old charter are suppressed ; 
 they ran thus : 
 
 75. The deputies of the departments of France who 
 sat in the legislative body, at the last adjournment, will 
 continue to sit in the chamber of deputies, until replaced. 
 
 76. The first renewal of the fifth of the Chamber of 
 Deputies will take place the latest in the year 1816, 
 according it> the order established. 
 
179 
 
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS. 
 
 68. All the creations of peers during the 
 reign of Charles X. are declared null and void. 
 
 Article 23 of the charter will undergo a fresh 
 examination during the session of 1831. 
 
 69. There will be provided successively by 
 separate laws, and that with the shortest possi- 
 ble delay, for the following subjects : 
 
 1. The extension of the trial by jury to offen- 
 ces of the press, and political offences. 
 
 2. The responsibility of ministers and the 
 secondary agents of government. 
 
 3. The re-election of deputies appointed to 
 public functions with salaries. 
 
 4. The annual voting of the army estimates. 
 
 5. The organization of the national guards 
 with the intervention of the national guards in 
 the choice of their officers. 
 
 6. Provisions which insure, in a legal man- 
 ner, the state of officers of each grade, by land 
 and sea. 
 
 7. Departmental and municipal institutions 
 founded upon an elective system. 
 
 8. Public instruction and the liberty of in- 
 struction. 
 
18 
 
 9. The abolition of the double vote ; the set- 
 tling of the electoral conditions, and that of 
 eligibility. 
 
 Art. 70. All laws and ordinances, inasmuch 
 as they are contrary to the provisions adopted 
 by the reform of the charter, are from this mo- 
 ment annulled and abrogated. 
 
 We give it in command to our courts and 
 tribunals, administrative bodies, and all others, 
 that they observe and maintain the present con- 
 stitutional charter, cause to be observed, follow- 
 ed and maintained, and in order to render it 
 more known to all, they cause it to be published 
 in all municipalities of the kingdom and every 
 where, where it will be necessary, and in or- 
 der that this be firm and stable for ever, we 
 have caused our seal to be put to it. 
 
 Done at the Palais-Royal, at Paris, the 14th 
 day of the month of August, in the year 1830. 
 
 Signed LOUIS-PHILIPPE. 
 
 By the king : 
 The Minister Secretary of the State for the department 
 
 of the Interior. 
 
 Signed Guizot. 
 
 Examined and sealed with the great seal : 
 The keeper of the seals, Minister Secretary of the State 
 for the department of Justice. 
 
 Signed Dupont (de l'Eure). 
 
181 
 
 PEERS OF CHARLES X. 
 
 The following are the ninetythree peers of France 
 who have been disqualified from taking their seats under 
 the new government, by the decision of the Chamber of 
 Deputies : — 
 
 Count de Villele, Archbish- 
 op of Bourges, 
 Count de Chabons, Bishop 
 
 of Amiens, 
 Count Salmon du Chatel- 
 
 lier, Bishop of Evreux, 
 Count de Grammont d'Aste, 
 Count de Cheverus, Arch- 
 bishop of Bordeaux, 
 Count de Montblanc, Arch- 
 bishop of Tours, 
 Count de Brault, Archbishop 
 
 of Alby, 
 Count Morel de Mons, 
 
 Archbishop of Avignon, 
 Count de Pins, Archbishop 
 
 of Amasie, 
 Count de Divonne, 
 Count de St Aldegonde, 
 Marquis de Monteynard, 
 Count Eugene de Vogue, 
 Count de Mostuejouls, 
 Marquis de Mirepois-Levis, 
 Count de Panis, 
 Marquis de Neuville, 
 Marquis de Conflans, 
 Count de Bonneval, 
 Marquis de Mac-Mahon, 
 Baron de Grosbois, 
 Count de Kergarion, 
 Viscount Chifflet, 
 
 16 
 
 Count d'Urre, 
 Marquis de Radepont, 
 Count de la Fruglaye, 
 Count Budes de Guebriant, 
 Marquis de Calviere, 
 Viscount de Castlebajac, 
 Duke d'Esclignac, 
 Baron S arret de Cousser- 
 
 gues, 
 Count de la Vieuville, 
 Marquis de Lancosme, 
 Count Ruze d'Effiat, 
 Count de Quinsonas, 
 Marquis de Froissard, 
 Marquis de Courtarvel, 
 Count Humbert de Sesmai- 
 
 son, 
 Marquis de Colbert, 
 Marquis Ay mar de Dam- 
 pie ire, 
 Count de Bernis, 
 Marquis de Civrac, 
 Count de Kevgolay, 
 Count de Tocqueville, 
 Viscount de St Maurie, 
 Marquis de Bailly, 
 Count d'Imecourt, 
 Count Dubotderu, 
 Count d'HofFelize, 
 Count de Caraman, 
 Baron de Freuilly, 
 
182 
 
 Count de Choiseul, 
 Prince d'Arenberg, 
 Prince Duke de Berghes, 
 Marquis de Tramecourt, 
 Count de Bouille, 
 Count de Pontgibaud, 
 Count d'Andlau, 
 Marquis d'Albon, 
 Marquis de Beaurepaire, 
 Count de la Boullerie, 
 Count de la Panouze, 
 Count Hocquart, 
 Prince de Croi-Sobre, 
 *Marshal Duke de Dalma- 
 
 tia, 
 Marquis Ferbin des Issarts, 
 Viscount Sapinand, 
 Count de Lur-Saluces, 
 Count de Nansouty, 
 Count de Peyronnet, 
 Cardinal Duke d'Isoard, 
 Archbishop of Auch, 
 
 Duke de Cereste, 
 Marquis de Puyvert, 
 Baron de Vitrolles, 
 Count Valee, 
 Marquis de St Mauris, 
 Marquis de Levis, 
 Count Ollivier, 
 Prince de Montmorency, 
 Count de Maquille, 
 Count de Rouge, 
 Marquis de Gourguas, 
 Viscount de Causans, 
 Marquis Desmonstiers de 
 
 Merinville, 
 Count de Suzannet, 
 Count de Villele, 
 Count de Corbieres, 
 Count Ravez, 
 Marquis de Tourzel, 
 Count de Labourdonnaye, 
 Count Beugnot, 
 ^Admiral Duperre. 
 
 * The Duke of Dalmatia and Admiral Duperre have been made 
 peers again by Louis Philip. 
 
183 
 THE TWO BRANCHES OF THE ROYAL FAMILY 
 
 SINCE HENRY IV. 
 
 HENRY IV., king of France, died in 1610. 
 
 1st degree. 
 
 Louis XIII., king of France, son of Henry IV., 
 
 died in 1643. 
 
 , .a! 1 
 
 Philip, duko of Orleans, 
 Louis XIV., king of France, 2d brother to Louis XIV., 
 
 sonofLouisXLIL; died in husband of Henriette of 
 
 1715. degree. England; died in 1701. 
 
 Louis, called the Great 3d PH'^^uke of Orleans, 
 Dauphin, son to Louis ° U son of the preceding, re- 
 
 Xivf, died in 1711. degree, gent ; died in 1723. 
 
 Louis, duke of Burgundy, di U Louis duke of Orleans,^.! 
 dauphin, son of the pre- 4t " # * 6 Preceding ; died m 
 ceding ; died in 1712. degree. *'«>. 
 
 Louis XV., king of France, 5th Louis-Philip duke of Or- 
 son of the preceding ; died ° l " leans, son of the preced- 
 in 1774. degree, mg ; died m 1785. 
 
 Louis Philip, (Egalite,) 
 
 Louis, dauphin, son of 6th duke of Orleans, son of 
 
 Louis XV. ; died in 1765. DEGREP the preceding; guillotined 
 
 Had three sons, who have 
 reigned under the fol- 
 lowing names ; 
 
 1793. 
 
 Louis XVI., ) ~,t Louis-Philip I., king of 
 
 Louis XVIII.,* V ' «* the French, son of the 
 
 Charles X., J degree, the preceding. 
 
 Louis Anthony, duke of "} 
 
 Ansrouleme, son of QtL 
 
 Charles X.' I bttl 
 
 Charles Ferdinand, [ degree. 
 
 duke of Berry. J 
 
 Henry, duke of Bordeaux, 9th 
 son of the duke of Berry. DEGREE . 
 
 * Louis XVII., son of Louis XVI., who died a child, does not 
 augment the number of degrees of relationship. 
 
184 
 
 ROYAL FAMILY. 
 
 LOUIS-PHILIP I., king of the French, born October 
 6, 1773, married at Palermo, Nov. 25, 1809, to 
 
 MARY-AMALIA, princess of both the Cicilies, born 
 April 26, 1782, queen of the French. 
 Of this marriage : 
 
 Ferdinand—Philippe--Louis--Charles--Henri- 
 Roselin d'Orleans, duke of Orleans, formerly 
 duke of Char tres, born at Palermo, September 3, 1810. 
 
 Louis-Charles-Philippe-Raphael d'Orleans, 
 duke of Nemours, born at Paris, Oct. 25, 1814. 
 
 Francois- Ferdinand—Philippe— Louis— Marie 
 d'Orleans, prince of Joinville, born at Neuilly, Aug. 
 14, 1818. 
 
 Henri-Eugene-Philippe-Louis d'Orleans, duke 
 of Aumale, born at Paris, January 16, 1822. 
 
 Antoine-Marie-Philippe-Louis d'Orleans, duke 
 of Montpensier, born at Neuilly, July 5, 1824. 
 
 Louise— Marie— Therese— Caroline-Elisabeth, 
 Mademoiselle d'Orleans, born at Palermo, April 3, 
 1812. 
 
 Marie— Christine— Caroline— Adelaide-Fran- 
 coise-Leopoldine, Mademoiselle de Valois, born at 
 Palermo, April 12, 1813. 
 
 Marie— Clementine— Caroline— Leopoldine— 
 Clotilde d'Orleans, Mademoiselle de Beaujolais, 
 born at Neuilly, June 3, 1817. 
 
 Louise-Marie-Adelaide-Eugenie, Mademoiselle 
 d'Orleans, sister to the king, born Aug. 23, 1777 
 
185 
 
 REVOLUTIONS IN ENGLAND AND FRANCE. 
 
 [From the Globe."] 
 
 England. 
 The Stuarts. 
 
 Charles L 
 
 Resistance of the Parlia- 
 ment 
 
 Refusal of Subsidies 
 
 Parliament Dissolved 
 
 The Long Parliament 
 
 Increasing irritation 
 
 Charles I. at York 
 
 Civil War 
 
 Flight of Charles — taken at 
 the Isle of Wight 
 
 Trial and death of Charles 
 
 English Republic 
 
 Oliver Cromwell, Protector 
 
 Parliament Dissolved 
 
 New Parliament 
 
 Military despotism and for- 
 eign aid 
 
 Alliance of Cromwell with 
 Mazarin and Louis XIV. 
 
 Fall of Richard Cromwell 
 
 General Monck 
 
 Restoration 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 Promise to maintain the 
 constitution 
 
 Amnesty (excepting to re- 
 gicides) 
 
 Cromwell's army disband- 
 ed. 
 
 Triumph of the Royalists. 
 
 Parliamentary discussions 
 
 Whigs and Tories 
 
 Catholic and Royalist 
 Reaction 
 
 Death of Russell and Syd- 
 ney. 
 
 16* 
 
 France. 
 
 Capets. 
 
 Louis XVI. 
 Assembly of Notables 
 
 Refusal of Subsidies 
 
 Oath of the Tennis Court 
 
 Legislative Assemblies 
 
 Increasing irritation 
 
 Louis XVI. at Versailles 
 
 Emigration, Vendee, &c. 
 
 Flight of Louis — taken at 
 Varennes 
 
 Trial and death of Louis 
 
 French Republic 
 
 Bonaparte, Consul 
 
 18 Brumaire 
 
 Senate 
 
 Military despotism and for- 
 eign aid 
 
 Marriage of Napoleon with 
 an arch-duchess of Austria 
 
 Fall of Napoleon 
 
 Talleyrand, Fouche, & c . 
 
 Restoration 
 
 Louis xvin. 
 
 Charter 
 
 Ditto 
 
 of the Loire 
 
 The army 
 
 ditto 
 Triumph of the Royalists 
 Ditto 
 
 Liberals and Ultras 
 Catholic and Royalist 
 Reaction 
 Death of Berton, Bories, 
 
 &c. 
 
186 
 
 Stuarts. 
 
 Influence of the Duke o^ 
 York, brother to the king 
 
 James II. 
 
 Fine speech on his acces- 
 sion ; deception 
 
 Triumph of the Catholics 
 and Tories 
 
 Jeffries and his accomplices 
 
 National indignation 
 
 William of Nassau 
 
 Fall of James and the Stu- 
 arts, called the Glorious 
 Revolution* 
 
 Capets. 
 
 Influence of the Pavilion 
 Mars an 
 
 Charles X. 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Triumph of the Jesuits and 
 Ultras 
 
 Villele and Polignac's min- 
 istry 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Philip of Orleans 
 
 Fall of Charles and the 
 Bourbons, the Glorious 
 Revolution. 
 
 Of all the authorities upon which people can rely in a 
 grand political crisis, history is the most powerful. In the 
 present state of affairs it will be seen on which side it leans. 
 
187 
 
 AIR 
 
 DE LA MARCHE PARISIENNE. 
 
 Temps de Marche. 
 
 "izhzl ^ ztefzJ'zKzfir" — zi 
 
 -#; 
 
 ^-r^- 1 c fr-P 1 
 
 Peupie Francais, peuple de braves, La Liber- 
 
 r^rjsrffiz^ig5zd5:d5zfe:±z:zzdz^: 
 
 te rouvre les bras ; On nous disait ; Soyez es- 
 
 |z^^Sz|^Bi^3E 
 
 -#= 
 
 claves ! Nous avons dit : Soyons soldats ! Sou- 
 
 dain Paris dans sa inemoire A retrouve son cri du 
 
 SiEiigiilgslISga 
 
 gloire : En avant, marchons contre lcurs canons, a tra- 
 
 Etz^2Ti5z£|?zg|zEF^ 
 
 vers le fer, le feu des bataillons, Courons a la vie- 
 
 2:zliiti:iteiil5ifcrr~z5:i:iliz:3j 
 
 ElElEySE|z:rf|lE=Jl 
 
 toi - re Cou - rons a la victoi - re. 
 
 16** 
 
IiA PARISIENWE, 
 
 NATIONAL MARCH. 
 
 BY CA3IMER DEL.AVIGJVE. 
 
 Peuple francais, peuple de braves, 
 La Liberte rouvre les bras ; 
 On nous disait : Soyez esclaves ! 
 Nous avons dit : Soyons soldats ! 
 Soudain Paris dans sa memoire 
 A retrouve son cri de gloire : 
 
 " En avant marehons 
 
 " Contre leurs canons ; 
 " A travers le fer, le feu des bataillons, 
 
 " Courons a la vietoire !" 
 
 Serrez vos rangs ; qu'on se soutienne ! 
 Marchons ! chaque enfant de Paris 
 De sa cartouche citoyenne 
 Fait une offrande a son pays. 
 O jours d'eternelle memoire ! 
 Paris n a plus qu'un cri de gloire : 
 " En avant ! marchons," etc. 
 
189 
 
 La mitraille en vain nous devore, 
 Elle enfante des combattans. 
 Sous les boulets voyez eclore 
 Ces vieux generaux de vingt ans. 
 O jours d'eternelle memoire ! 
 Paris n'a plus qu'un cri de gloire : 
 " En avant ! marchons," etc. 
 
 Pour briser ces masses profondes, 
 Qui conduit nos drapeaux sanglans ? 
 C'est la Liberte des Deux-Mondes, 
 C'est Lafayette en cheveux blancs ! 
 O jours d'eternelle memoire ! 
 Paris n'a plus qu'un cri de gloire : 
 " En avant ! marchons," etc. 
 
 Soldat du drapeau tricolore, 
 
 D'Orleans, toi qui l'as porte, 
 
 Ton sang se melerait encore 
 
 A celui qu'il nous a coute. 
 
 Comme aux beaux jours de notre histoire, 
 
 Tu rediras ce cri de gloire : 
 
 " En avant ! marchons," etc. 
 
 Tambours, du convoi de nos freres 
 Roulez le funebre signal, 
 Et nous, de lauriers populaires 
 Chargeons leur cercueil triomphal. 
 O temple de deuil et de gloire ! 
 Pantheon, recois leur memoire ! 
 
 Portons-les, marchons, 
 
 Decouvrons nos fronts, 
 Soyez immortels, vous tous que nous pleurons, 
 
 Martyrs de la victoire ! 
 
190 
 
 Les trois couleurs sont revenues, 
 Et la Colonne avec fierte 
 Fait briller a travers les nues 
 L'arc-en-ciel de la Liberte. 
 O jours d'eternelle memoire ! 
 Paris n'a plus qu'un cri de gloire : 
 
 " En avant ! marchons, 
 
 <l Contre leurs canons, 
 u A travers le fer, le feu des bataillons, 
 
 u Courons a la victoire !" 
 
191 
 
 A bronze medal has been struck at the Mint at Paris, to 
 commemorate the three great days in July, and is now 
 on sale there for the benefit of the wounded and widows' 
 fund. It represents, on one side, France weeping over a 
 tomb, crowned by Liberty, and bears this inscription : — 
 
 " A la memoire des Francais morts pour la Liberte 
 les 27, 28, et 29 Juillet, 1830." 
 
 •On the reverse are the following lines, by M. Casimer 
 Delavigne : 
 
 a France ! dis moi leurs noms : je n'en vois point paraitre 
 Sur ce funebre monument !" 
 " lis ont vaincu si promptement 
 Qnaj'etais libre avantles de eonnaitre." 
 
NEW MESSENIENNE, 
 
 A WEEK IN PARIS. 
 
 TO THE FRENCH. 
 BT CaSIMIS DELAVIGNE. 
 
 Debout, manes sacres de mes concitoyens ! 
 Venez, inspirez les, ces vers ou je vous chante. 
 Debout, morts immortels, heroTques soutiens 
 
 De la liberte triomphante ! 
 Brulant, desordonne, sans frein dans son essor, 
 Comme un peuple en courroux qu'un m£me cri souleve, 
 
 Que cet hymne vers vous s'eleve 
 
 De votre sang qui fume encor ! 
 
 Quels sont done les malheurs que ce jour nous apporte ? 
 — Ceux que nous presageaient ses ministres et lui. 
 — Quoi ! malgre ses sermens ! — II les rompt aujourd'hui. 
 — Le ciel les a rec,us. — Et le vent les emporte. 
 — Mais les elus du peuple ! . . . — II les a casses tous. 
 — Les lois qu'il doit defendre ? — Esclaves comme nous. 
 — Et la pensee ? — Aux fers. — Et la liberte ? — Morte. 
 — Quel etait notre crime ? — En vain nous le cherchons* 
 — Pour mettre en interdit la patrie opprimee, 
 Son droit ? — C'est le pouvoir. — Sa raison ? — Une armec 
 — La notre est un peuple ; marchons. 
 
193 
 
 Us marchaient, ils couraient sans armes, 
 
 Ils n'avaient pas encor frappe, 
 On les tue ; ils criaient : Le monarque est trompe ! 
 
 On les tue 6 fureur ! Pour du sang, quoi ! des 
 
 larmes ! 
 De vains cris pour du sang ! — Ils sont morts les premiers ; 
 Vengeons-les, ou mourons. — Des armes ! — Ou les pren- 
 dre ? 
 
 < — Dans les mains de leurs meurtriers ; 
 A qui donne la mort c'est la mort qu'il faut rendre. 
 
 Vengeance ! place au drapeau noir ! 
 Passage, citoyens ! place aux debris funebres 
 
 Qui recoivent dans les tenebres 
 
 Les sermens de leur desespoir ! 
 Porte par leurs bras nus, le cadavre s'avance. 
 Vengeance ! Tout un peuple a repete ; Vengeance ! 
 Restes inanimes, vous serez satisfaits ! 
 Le peuple vous Pa dit, et sa parole est sure ; 
 
 Ce n'est pas lui qui se parjure : 
 II a tenu quinze ans les sermens qu'il a faits. 
 
 II s'est leve : le tocsin sonne ; 
 Aux appels bruyans des tambours, 
 Aux eclats de l'obus qui tonne, 
 Vieillards, enfans, cite, faubourgs, 
 Sous les haillons, sous l'epaulette, 
 Armes, sans arme,unis, epars, 
 Se roulent contre les remparts 
 Que le fer de la baionnette 
 Leur oppose de toutes parts. 
 Ils tombent; mais dans cette ville, 
 Ou sur chaque pave sanglant 
 La mort enfante en immolant, 
 Pour un qui tombe il en nait mille. 
 
194 
 
 Ouvrez, ouvrez encor les grilles de Saint-Cloud ! 
 
 Vomissez des soldats pour uous livrer bataille. 
 
 Le sabre est dans leurs mains ; dans leurs rangs, la mi- 
 
 traille ; 
 Mais de la liberte l'arsenal est partout. 
 
 Que nous importe a nous l'instrument qui nous venge ! 
 
 Une foule intrepide agite en rugissant 
 
 La scie aux dents d'acier, le levier, le croissant ; 
 
 Sous sa main citoyenne en arme tout se change. 
 
 Des foyers fastueux les marbres detaches, 
 
 Les gres avec effort de la terre arraches, 
 
 Sont des boulets pour sa colere ; 
 Et, soldats comme nous, nos femmes et nos sceurs 
 
 Font pleuvoir sur les oppresseurs 
 
 Cette mitrajlle populaire, 
 
 Qu'ils aient l'ordre pour eux, le desordre est pour nous; 
 Desordre intelligent, qui seconde Paudaee, 
 Qui commande, obeit, marque k chacun sa place, 
 Comme un seul nous fait agir tous, 
 
 Et qui prouve a la tyrannie, 
 
 En brisant son sceptre abhorre, 
 
 Que, par la patrie inspire, 
 Un peuple, comme un homme, a ses jours de genie. 
 
 Quoi ! toujours sous le feu, si jeune, au premier rang ! 
 Re tenons ce martyr que trop d'ardeur enflamme, 
 II court, il va mourir .... Relevons le mourant ; 
 O liberte, c'est une femme ! 
 
 Quel est-il ce guerrier suspendu dans les airs ? 
 
 De son drapeau qu'il tient encore 
 Jl roule autour de lui le linceul tricolore, 
 Etdisparait au milieu des eclairs. 
 
195 
 
 Viens recueillir sa derniere parole, 
 
 Grande ombre de Napoleon ; 
 
 C'est a toi de graver son nom 
 Sur les piliers du nouveau pont d'Arcole. 
 
 Ce soleil de juillet qu'enfin nous revoyons, 
 
 II a brille sur la Bastille. 
 Oui, le voila, c'est lui. La liberte, sa fille, 
 
 Vient de renaitre k ses rayons. 
 Luis pour nous, accomplis Poeuvre de delivrance ; 
 Avance, roois sauveur, presse ta course, avance; 
 
 II faut trois jours a ces heros. 
 Abrege au moins pour eux les nuits qui sont sans gloire, 
 
 Avance, ils n'auront de repos 
 
 Que dans la tombe ou la victoire. 
 
 Nuits lugubres ! tout meurt, lumiere et mouvement. 
 
 De cette obscurite muette et sepulcrale 
 
 Quels bruits inattendus sortent par intervalle ? 
 
 Le cliquetis du fer qui heurte pesamment 
 
 Des debris entasses la barriere inegale, 
 
 Ces cris se repondant de moment en moment ; 
 
 Qui vive ? . . . . — Citoyens. — Garde a vous, sentinelles! 
 
 L'adieu de deux amis, dont un embrassement 
 
 Vient de confondre encor les ames fraternelles ; 
 
 Les soupirs d'un blesse qui s'eteint lentement, 
 
 Et sous l'arche plaintive un sourd fremissement, 
 
 Quand Tonde, en tournoyant, vient refermer la tombe 
 
 D'un cadavre qui tombe 
 
 Au Louvre, amis ; voicile jour ! 
 
 Battez la charge ! Au Louvre, au Louvre! 
 Balaye par le plomb qui se croise et les couvre, 
 
 Chacun, pour mourir a son tour, 
 
 Vient remplir le rang qui s'entr'ouvre. 
 
196 
 
 Le bataillon grossit sous ce feu devorant. 
 Son chef dans la poussiere en vain roule expirant ; 
 II saisit la victime, il Penleve, il Pemporte, 
 II s'elance, il triomphe, il entre. . . . Quel tableau : 
 Dieu juste ! la voila victorieuse et morte 
 Sur le trone de son bourreau ! 
 
 Allez, volez, tombez dans la Seine ecumante, 
 D'un pouvoir parricide emblemes abolis ! 
 Allez, chiffres brises ; allez, pourpre fumante ; 
 Allez, drapeaux dechus, que le meurtre a salis ! 
 Depouilles des vaincus, par le fleuve entrainees, 
 Depouilles des martyrs que je pleure aujourd'hui, 
 Allez, etsur les flots, a Saint-Cloud, portez-lui 
 Le bulletin des trois journees ! * 
 
 Victoire ! embrassons-nous. — Tu vis ! — Je te revoi ! 
 
 — Le fer de Petranger m'epargna comme toi. 
 
 — Quel triomphe ! — En trois jours. — Honneur a ton cour- 
 age ! 
 
 — Gloireau tien. — C'est ton nom qu'on cite le premier. 
 
 — N'en citons qu'un. — Lequel ? — Celui du peuple entier 
 
 Hier qu'il etait brave, aujourd'hui qu'il est sage ! 
 
 — Du trepas, en mourant, Pun d'eux m'a preserve. 
 
 — Mais ton sang coule encor. — Ma blessure est legere. 
 
 — Et ton frere . . . — II n'est plus. — L'assassin de ton 
 frere, 
 Tu Pas punr ? — Je Pai sauve. 
 
 Ah ! qu'on respire avec delices, 
 Et qu'il est enivrant Pair de la liberte ! 
 
 Comment regarder sans fierte 
 
 Ces murs couverts de cicatrices, 
 Ces drapeaux qu'a Pexil redemandaient nos pleurs, 
 Et dont nous revoyons les glorieux symboles 
 
197 
 
 Voltiger, s'enlacer, courber leurs trois couleurs 
 
 Sur ces nobles enfans, Porgueilde nos ecoles ? 
 
 Des fleurs a pleines mains, des fleurs pour ces guerriers ! 
 
 Jetez-leur au hasard des couronnes civiques : 
 
 Us ne tomberont, vos lauriers, 
 
 Que sur des tetes hero'fques. 
 
 Mais lui, que sans Pabattre ont jadis eprouve 
 
 Le despotisme et la licence. 
 
 Que la vieillesse a retrouve 
 
 Ce qu'il futdans Padolescence, 
 Entourons-le d' amour ! Francais, Americains, 
 De baisers et de pleurs couvrons ses vieilles mains ! 
 La popularity, si souvent infidele, 
 Est fille de la terre et meurt en peu d'instans. 
 
 La sienne, plus jeune et plus belle, 
 A traverse les mers, a triomphe du terns ; 
 C'etait a la vertu d'en faire une immortelle. 
 
 O toi, Roi citoyen, qu'il presse dans ses bras 
 
 Aux cris d'un peuple entier, dont les transports sont 
 
 justes, 
 Tu fus mon bienfaiteur, je ne te louerai pas : 
 Les poetes des rois sont leurs actes augustes. 
 Que ton regne te chante, et qu'on dise apres nous ; 
 Monarque, il fut sacre par la raison publique ; 
 Sa force fut la loi ; l'honneur, sa politique ; 
 
 Son droit divin; l'amour de tous. 
 Pour toi, peuple affranchi, dont le bonheur commence, 
 Tu peux croiser tes bras apres ton ceuvre immense ; 
 Purs de tous les exces, huit jours Pont enfant6. 
 Us ont conquis les lois, chasse, la tyrannic, 
 
 Et couronne la liberte : 
 Peuple, repose-toi ; ta semaine est finie ! 
 

 A 
 
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 if,