Surroundings i LLUSTRATED. PUBLISHKD BY W. W. ELLIOTT, 921 BROADWAY, OAKLAND, CAL. c/-^ ■«*-*«'^-waF»'i,, /- fpr I'. Fourth St. San Francisco. ('0>T^p\iVr^»» ^^Mm W. W. ELLIOTT, Publisher, 921 Broadway, Oakland, Cal. 1885. ^^ EXPLANATORY. ?E have aimed to furnish in convenient form for distrilxition a selection of some of the most impor- tant features of Oalcland and its surroundings, as represented in its scenery as well as public and '^' private buildings, which of themselves are monuments to the taste and prosperity of our citizens. To these have been added descriptive articles selected from a variety of sources. Our object has not been to tell a glowing story, but simply to give facts in an interesting manner; to furni-h residents with such a description of Oakland and surroundings as they can conscientiously send to friends; to put something in the hands of tourists, and especially to afford reliable and satisfactory informa- tion to those who are longing to make a home where they can find health and comfort amid sunshine, fruit, and flowers. In speaking of Oakland we almost involuntarily include the whole adjacent country of Temescal, Fruit- vale, Alameda, and Berkeley, and hence our work covers all these localities. The lithograph illustrations are all made from nature, not from photographs. The views cover a greal variety of subjects and are of all grades and qualities of workmanship, and all were executed by the pub- lisher at his lithographing establishment in Oakland. The views represent different kinds of artistic work the soft, fine lithograph, crayon etchings, zincographs, wood-cuts, photo-engraving, heliotype, and othei processes. We e.xpect criticism. It is the easiest thing in the world to find fault. Our work is not withoui errors. Few persons without actual experience can comprehend the care and pains required to complete a work of this description. We found many prominent citizens totally indifferent and unwilling to furnish the slightest information and much that we have gathered was under great difficulties. We hope these imperfect pages and sketches will induce our citizens to further efforts to spread abroac the advantages of our city which we believe to be second to none on the continent. There is little doubt but that Oakland stands to-day on the eve of great prosperity, if her citizens, wh( have accumulated wealth here, would only act a little less selfish and strive for the general good and thu aid in building up an active, v=gcro'is, business city. CONTKNTS ILLUSTRATIONS. An Oakland Live Oak 27 Advocate Office, Berkeley 92 Antisell Block, " 92 Albion Cottage, " 93 Alameda Water Co. 's Reservoir, No. I 105 " " " " " 2 104 " County Mutual Insurance Co. 's Office loS Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind 96 Buffington, J. M., Residence 17 Barker, J. L., " 48 Berry man, H. B., " 5^ Bennett, J. 8., " 112 Bennett's Furniture Factory I13 Broadway Block, from Eleventh to 'Iwelfth.. 85 Bruns, D. H, Block 128 Blair's Park 28, 29 Business Block, Broadway bet. Ninth and Tenth 40 Baptist Church 88 Catholic Church 76 Central Pacific Railroad Ferry Slip 13 County Court House 25, 68 Chas. K. Clark, Residence 57 Century Plant 58 Central Building, State University 99 Congregational Church, Berkeley loi City Hall 116 Cole .School 84 Coleman Block 41 Congregational Church 76 Central Pacific Railroad Terminal Depot . . . .141 "Dromada" Residence of John Deane 21 Durant School 77 Dames' Photograph Gallery 147 Dingee, Real Estate 145 Eastlake Cottage 93 Everts Block 117 Elliott's Lithographing Establishment 1 17 East Berkeley Planing Mill 125 Episcopal Church 32 Enquirer Office 108 Express Office I16 First National Bank 81 Franklin House 129 Field Seminary or Home School 37 Gamble, James, Residence 24 Garber, John, " 97 Galindo Hotel 109 Grove's Nursery 33 Hall of Records 25 Hillegass, Mrs. M, Residence 49 Home for Aged Women 67 Hopkins Academy ... 72 Hamilton's Undertaking Rooms 120 High School Building 15 Lawton, F. H. , Residence 49 Library Building 1 16 Lincoln School 77 Medical College 73 Moore, Frank, Residence 93 Map of Oakland, Berkeley, and Alameda. ... 11 Methodist Church 88 Masonic Temple 102 Mills Seminary 151 Ninth Street Block 121 Notre Dame Academy 89 Narrow Gauge Ferry Slip 32 Neptune Gardens cover Oakland Harbor 16 " Observatory and School Building. . . 19 " Bank of Savings 106 ' ' Brewery 80 Odd Fellows' Hall, Berkeley 129 Oakland Nursery 33 ' ' Live Oak 27 Playter, E. W., Residence 12 Palmer, H. A., " 44 Palmer, C. T. H, " 44 Prickly Pear Cactus in Oakland Garden 47 Pacific Press Publishing House 63 Piedmont and Lake Merritt 1 12 Post-Office 116 Pagoda Hill Kindergarten 84 Pepper Tree 31 Presbyterian Church 32 Relief Society School Building 153 Residences and Scenes in Oakland 65 South Pacific Coast Railroad Terminal Depot i " Local Train 32 ' ' Ferry Slip 32 Scenes in Blair's Park 28 Scene on Lake Merritt 20 Stewart, J. K., Residence 45 Shattuck, F. K., " 52 Stewart, Robert, " 57 Sackett School 71 Street View in Oakland 1 16 Salesroom of Alameda Furniture Factory. ... 117 St. Joseph's Convent and Church 137 Standard Soap Co.'s Works 136 Stewart Bros 1 24 St. Paul's Episcopal Church 32 Teare, Philip, Residence 53 Tompkins School 77 Tribune Office 109 Union Bank Building 108 " Savings Bank 108 University Buildings 45) 99 View of Berkeley 61 " from Highland Park, Frontispiece 11 Village Improvement Association 133 Webber Hotel "7 West Berkeley Planing Mill 125 '* Lumber Yard 132 Williams, Geo. R., Residence 36 Yates, G. E., Residence 36 York, Waldo M., " 92 List of Subjects. Alameda Furniture Factory 1 54 A Winter Scene 39 Armory Hall 98 Alamcila and Oakland Cars 115 Art and Artists .... 127 Advantages of Berkeley 135 Business and Commercial Center 26 Benevolent and Charitable Institutions 86 Broadway and Piedmont Cars 1 15 Blair's Park 59 Banks and Banking 106 Baptist Church 50 Berkeley Residences 135 " Business 157 Congregational Church 46 Cotton Mills 155 California Sheltering Home 91 Center for Railroads 23 Charming Winter Resort 35 Climate and Ileallhfulness 35, 39 City Hall 9S Court House and Hall of Records 95 City Officers 122 City of -Spires 43 Church of the Immaculate Conception 47 Central Pacitic Terminal Depot Ill Convent of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart. . . 74 California Medical College 75 Charming Locations 140 California Pottery and Terra Cotta Works . . 154 Diversified Views 34 Daily Evening Tribune 127 " " Express 1 30 " Morning Times 130 ' ' Enquirer 1 30 Dingee, Real Estate 145 Elegant Homes of Oakland 18 East Oakland iiS Early Settlement of Berkeley 139 First Religious Services 43 " National Bank 107 Field Seminary, or Home .School 78 Fruit and Fhnver Mission 91 Free Railroad Rides 114 Ferries of Oakland no Flouring Mills 152 Gas- Light Company 26 Harmon Seminary 74 Hospital 94 Handsome City 18 Health Statistics 35 Hopkins Academy 72 Home Mutual Insurance Company 103 Highland Park 1 18 Harbor, Oakland 19 High .School 54 Hall of Records 95 Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind ... 86 Landscape Views 31 Library of the University 58 Ladies' Relief Society 90 Lake Merritt 119 Lithographing Business 127, 134 Location of Berkeley 135 Libraries 55) 5§ Many Beautiful Drives 34 Mountain View Cemetery 60 Masonic Temple 98 Means of Communication 1 10 •Municipal Matters 122 .Mayors of Oakland 123 .Methodist Church 50 No Finer Spot Than Oakland 27 Neptune Gardens 62 Notre Dame Academy 69 Newspapers of Oakland 127 Nursery, Reuben Groves 66 Officers of City 122 ()akland Bank of Savings 106 Trotting Park 66 " Observatory 98 " Publishing House 134 " as a .Manufacturing Center 146 " Brewery 150 Organization of University 53 Odd Fellows' Library 55 Officers of County 126 Public and Private .Schools of Oakland... 51, 54 Parks and Places of Resort 59 Piedmont Springs and Surroundings 60 i'ublic .Squares and Parks 66 Private Schools 69 Pagoda Hill Kindergarten 70 Parish of .Sacred Heart 94 Prominent Halls and Buildings 102 " Hotels 103 Police and Fire Department 122 Planing .Mills 149 Public and Private Buildings 95 Pacific Press Publishing House 134 Presbyterian Church 46 Rainfall Table z^ Resources and Advantages of Berkeley 140 Rapid and Safe Transit no Real Estate and A'aluation 123, 143, 145 .San P'rancisco Bay 22 .Seventh-day Adventist Church 47 .St. Paul's Episcopal Church 46 St. John's " " 46 .Second Congregational Church 5° Shell Mound Park 66 Schutzen Park 66 Sewerage and Streets 30 Sackett School 69 Spencerian Business College 74 St. Joseph's Presentation Convent 75 State University 79 Sheltering Home 94 .South Pacific Coast Railroad 1 14 Street-Car Lines 1 14 Sewer .System of Berkeley 138 Standard .Soap Co 156 Situation of Oakland 15 Signs of the Times 131 Temperature Table 42 The Mole 1 1 1 Theaters 62 University Museums 64 Union National Bank 107 University of California 79 Union Savings Bank 107 Valuation of Property 123 Village Improvement Association 143 Woman's Christian A.ssociation 91 " " Temperance Union 94 West Berkeley Lumber Yard 156 Water Supply 23 Young Men's Christian Association 87 #iOAKI!^AMID. f# ^-y,a&yi^*^W>igtfW^^*'''^'^;^ *W*i'>4-M«ac«*««*ff'«t^'':lR*'^"-rt^V'*^^ 14 Sketches of Oakland. size, and as high at least as that of most small towns. A very large proportion of the business and professional men are not only active, but they are also worthy members of some religious organization, and engaged, in one way or another, in some charitable work. Collect together any considerable number of representa- tive merchants, manufacturers, financiers, lawyers, or physicians, and you will be sure to find among them representatives of leading churches and charities, and marked examples of high moral and social character. The clergy have some able representa- tives of the profession, and interest in religious matters seems to be on the in- crease, judging from the number of new churches erected during the last year. The Roman Catholic population is more numerous than that of any one branch of the family of Protestant churches, but much less than those branches united. Probably nowhere are the Catholic clergy more enterprising and intelligent than in this city ; and in no city in the country is there less contention between the Protestant and Roman Cath- olic members of the great Christian re- ligion. The Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, comprising what the Romanists have not improperly styled the Jesuits of the Protestant church, has accomplished much towards the removal of the imagi- nary barriers that divide Christian people into denominations ; while in the great works of benevolence, temperance reform, and the preservation of the Sabbath, Prot- estants and Romanists work harmoniously together. The Medical College has a faculty com- posed of several of our most eminent physicians, skilled in the use of surgical appliances and the mysteries of disease. The progress of manufacturing inter- ests is also exceedingly gratifying ; and there is abundant reason for the belief that in the course of a very few years this citv will be an important manufacturing center. Building of all kinds has been active during the past year. A large number of residences of all grades has been erected in all parts of the city. The intelligent observer who spends a day in our public schools will be con- vinced that the teachers employed in in- structing the pupils under their guidance are engaged in an earnest work. In some respects our schools stand prominently above all others in the State. The University is at the head of all educational work and is the pride ot Berkeley as well as of the State generally. The free public library grows in popu- lar esteem and is getting to be a noble in- stitution. Its reading-room is also well patronized. Of photographic and art establishments we have some that, for the production of excellent work, will yield the palm to none. Our stores have largely increased their stocks of late years, and there is now little cause for trade leaving, as all varieties of goods are to be had at low rates. Book and picture stores bright with chromos, and a variety of showy goods, arrest the eye, here and there, and give a cheerful variety to the aspect of the streets. Theaters and places of amusement are generally well patronized, and most first- class artists and troupes visit Oakland. Our home musical talent is various, and there are examples of proficiency in every branch of musical art. There is a widening circle here that is cultivated enough to enjoy classic music. Private schools are well maintained and occupy a large field, ranging from the kin- dergarten to the seminary and academy. The architects have had ample room Picturesque Situation of Oakland. 15 for their taLnt, and many fine blocks and residences are the result of their skill. All the new business blocks are massive, solid, and ornamental. So far as the Bar is concerned, there is hardly a man of any prominence in the profession whose character for personal integrity, upright conduct, and good mor- als, is not equal to his reputation as a lawyer. The press of Oakland is ably con- ducted and patronized. The people sup- port four daily papers and numerous weekly publications of merit. Of able physicians there seems to be no lack, and it is a mystery how so many obtain a living where so little sickness prevails. The city is orderly, and, as a general thing, peace prevails, and person and property are reasonably safe, and all de- partments of city government move along quietly and smoothly. 0i]l\IaFid. HE situation of Oakland is pictur- esque. Placed on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, on a plateau that rises gradually to the slopes of the Coast Range, it commands a wide and diversified prospect. To the west are the bay, the islands, San Francisco, and the ocean; to the east, the slopes of the Coast Range; to the north and south an expanse of water seen against a background of •^TA/cX.zaa. OAKLAND HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING. »iafaa*wia— ft*uatfriWiW«'4vg « » '■ ■ V WMJW B ibW "^^ OAK L AMD HARBOR. 'f^^,- -IH '\? Cbi^ IrV 18 Elegant Homes of Oaki,and. hills, which rise into the heights of Tamal- pais, 2,500 feet, Lnguna Honda and San Bruno, and find their limit in the gray and faintly-seen ridges of Sonoma, Solano, and Santa Clara Counties. The smooth hills of the Coast Range, worn into graceful outlines by the attrition of ages, do not at first please the stranger. He misses the wooded slopes to which he has been accustomed, and declares them to be plain and unattractive. But their physical peculiarities are the source of many beauties, which experience soon dis- covers. From the absence of forests comes a wide range of brilliant and delicate color, having characteristic hues for every season of the year. In the long, clear days of summer or autumn, they are overspread with a dull brown, which would be monot- onous except for the chocolate streaks and purple [)atches, which here and there mark the shadows, caiions, and depressions. As the day steals on, the prosaic aspect disappears; the colors become richer and deeper, and at sunset pass through many gradations of gold, yellow, amber, rose, pink, violet, and purple, and finally fade into the gray, ashen, and somber shadows of night. Sometimes all these hues can be seen at once, the brighter on the nearer peaks and hill-sides, the darker on the ridges that border the horizon. In the spring the fresh green covering of the hills assumes pearly tints, with purples in the distance. Flowers are in bloom everywhere, the yellow predominating, making the long ranges look at intervals as if draped with cloth of gold. In win- ter, while the valleys are green and beau- tiful, the higher elevations are often white with snow. So wide and various a land- scape, including the picturesque peculiar- ities of all seasons, the tjuiet of land- locked waters, the blending of coast with nland scenery, the contrasting of ocean storm-effects and the serene skies which hang over sheltered valleys, can be seen nowhere else in the world. p ieindsome Gitr. ip o^ — V^ AKLANI) is classed among the hand- HW' somest cities ir. the United States, and ^ certainly has the right to claim it. Her beautiful streets and avenues are all, or nearly all, shaded by oaks, from which she derives the name. Orchards, parks, gardens, and vineyards are found on every side. Nestling amidst this forest of perpetual green or live-oak can be seen, peeping out here and there, the magnifi- cent villa of the nabob, substantial resi- dences of wealthy merchants, and the neat and tasteful cottages of the well-to-do mechanics, who have been attracted here by its grand scenery, mild climate, and quiet surroundings, being free from dust, noise, or the bustle of a large city. As approached from San Francisco on a fine day in summer, Oakland presents all the illusions of a second Venice, which, by and by, will become a reality, as art aids nature to set off her charms. It is the home of many enlightened and wealthy citizens, and the number of those who plant their homes on its beautiful streets is rapidly increasing. Oakland now covers an area of from 40 to 50 square miles. Its population is about 45,000. It has all the conveniences of a com])lete and perfect city — fine streets, gas, water, an excellent fire de- partment, and a well-developed system of sewerage. Eleiar^t^ F)0rT^GS of 0eil\land. — fO city on the coast has gained more relatively within the last ten years *^A= than Oakland. The wide extent and high cultivation of her orna- mental gardens, and the elegance of her Oakland Harbor. 19 dwellings, contribute to make her one of the most beautiful cities in the United States. The site of Oakland is part of one of the great Mexican ranches. Thirty years ago nothing existed here except groves of oak. There was scarcely a house. Later a small village appeared on the banks of the creek. It remained a village until have lawns filled with the variety of plants and shrubbery that can be seen only on the Pacific Coast, while even the most unpretentious cottage has its door-yard or terrace filled with flowers. The neighbor- hood is not, on account of its situation, shut out from a view of the hills, while its being within half an hour of San Francisco gives it an advantage to a busy man who likes a delightful home as near as possible to his place of business. Occasional glimpses of the sea, or of the hills dotted with pur- ple shadows, will delight him. The air most of the time is mild, bracing and enjoyable. OAKLAND OBSERVATORY AND SCHOOL BUILDING. about 1865, when boats and trains ren- dered it at all hours accessible. Popula- tion spread rapidly, until to-day it is the second city in the State. Oakland now covers an area of about fifty square miles. It has all the conveniences of a complete and perfect city. Its streets are broad, smooth, and pro. fusely set with trees. The finer residences HE southern boundary of the city is the estuary of San Antonio, which was naturally inaccessible, at low tide, to boats drawing more than two feet; but stone walls have been extended out from the upland on each side of the est- uary, across the mud flat in the bay, for a jigr ^ rTwf^ij: -JK-JT wr i- yf- sn i^t Si^ZBiir^Cl^l^uJ*' 90 The Beautiful Bay of San Francisco. distance of nearly two miles, leaving space between them 300 yards wide. By dredging, and the natural wash of the tide, this channel has been so deepened that vessels drawing 10 feet can now en- ter the estuary at low water. The tide at neap adds 4 feet, and at spring 7 feet to the depth, so that vessels drawing 17 feet can reach Oakland wharf. The dredging contract requires that the depth of 10 feet, now limited to a width of 200 feet, shall be extended to 300 feet, and that for a width of 100 the depth shall be 14 feet, allowing vessels drawing 21 feet to load or discharge in the new harbor. Much has been done, and seven years have elapsed since the first appropriation by Congress, and still the work is very far from completion. When the walls are properly completed, they are to rise to the level of high tide for more than a mile from the ohore, and now they are for a con- siderable part of their length three or four feet below the requisite height. A canal a mile long is to connect the San Antonio Estuary with San Leandro Bay, and the latter will be closed at its mouth by gates, so that the tide can pour in, but must flow out through the artifi- cial harbor, thus scouring it, and saving expense in dredging. Congress has made seven appropriations in all; one in every year, except 1877, since 1874; and the total has been $535,000; the amount for each of the three years from 1879 to 1881 inclusive, being $60,000. The e.xcavation of the basin at East Oakland is now go- ing on, and when that has been done, Oakland's shipping interests will probably become important. The channel will be three miles long, with six miles of water frontage. The total cost, as estimated in advance, is to be $1,335,000, so that Con- gress has still $800,000 more to appro- priate. San Br?anGiSGO Bav HE bay of San Francisco occupies sev- eral long valleys and deep indenta. tions, formed by the spurs and off- shoots of the Coast Range. It is a magnificent sheet of water. Taken with the series of tideways of which it forms a part, it is nearly one hundred miles in length. It poorly suggests its splendid proportions to say of it that it would float the navies of the world, for it would not only bear on its bosom the vast war marine of all powers, but permit them to maneuver and decide the world's desti- nies in fair battle within an amphithea- ter of hills on which the nations them- selves could gather and witness the result. Its beauties have never been duly ap- preciated by those who paint in phrases or delineate in oils. Yet they are rare and diverse, with rich hues and shifting tones that run a chromatic scale of color through every season of the year. It re- sponds sympathetically to all changes of the sky and hills. To the cold, gray cloudless heaven it shows a steel blue. When roughened by the north wind, it is black, scarcely relieved by the white fringes of its short wuves. Scattered cloud-masses dapple its surface with many tints, and lines of rifted cloud throw upon its waters bars of blue, green, olive, choc- olate, brown, and purple, with shades for which an artist can find no equivalent either in word or in color. In winter the shov,-ers chase one an- other across its surface, and when the sun breaks through, it illuminates the slanted lances of the rain, which glisten like the bayonets of a retreating army. The ocean fogs touch it with their white and fleecy masses, sweep across its broad plains in solid phalanx, or lie gloomily upon its breast, lifting now and then to show the black waters below. Ample Water Supply 23 The tides rush in through the Golden Gate, spread to the north, south, and east, ripple along the wharves, break in foam about the islands, lap up against the bases of the hills, and run far up the deep est- uaries twice each day, carrying life and motion to the brown and silent heart of the Coast Range. Ample iXJatiep SupplY- Gei^tep fBw ReiilP0eids. 'Oakland is the natural center of the railroad system of the ■ Pacific Coast, while it is the terminus of all the roads running north and east, including the great overland road; it is also the terminus of roads penetrating the southern portion of the State. This city is reached by an easy grade, following the broad and level valleys which stretch along the eastern side of the bay of San Fran- cisco. It is also the terminus of the South- ern Pacific, and the South Pacific Coast. Over two hundred trains pass through the city daily, including the local and freight trains to Alameda, and the clanging of bells and the shriek of the locomotive whistle may be heard at almost any hour of the day or night. The Central Pacific, with its vast traffic, gathered from the distant Orient and the far-away Atlantic, and including tributary tfade flowing in from tributaries in the South, Southwest, and along the northern borders of the country, necessarily con- trols the bulk of the carrying trade that enters Oakland. The South Pacific Coast Railroad is now about extending its lines through the city, which will greatly increase the travel, by this route, which is destined to be a favorite one with Oakland people, as its time from the center of the city to San Francisco is much reduced — no small mat- ter with business men. ;/f4.'\\AKLAND is mainly supplied with water from Lake Chabot, which is situated in the hills east of San Leandro. It was first constructed about 1874, and has since been largely increased and large mains have recently been laid to Oakland. The water is clear, but of a deep greenish tint; the banks are clear, and no animals are allowed to pasture in its immediate vicinity. The lake now contains 5,000,000,000 gallons, and when the dam is completed will have a capacity of 15,000.000,000 gallons. It is now four miles in length and will eventually have a length of eight miles. From the lake near Temescal, which is 425 feet above the level of the city, pipes are laid to Piedmont, Oakland Heights, and other high elevations in the vicinity. Highland Park and Fruitvale draw their supplies from a reservoir on Sausal Creek. Before 1875, when the water from Lake Chabot at San Leandro was first intro- duced, Oakland was abundantly supplied from the other two systems. The three could easily furnish water to a million people, not only for domestic use, but for irrigation. The present daily consump- tion of water is 8,000,000 gallons. The San Leandro reservoir can alone supply 13,000,000 daily without increasing its capacity. A very large amount of water is used in keeping lawns and gardens green dur- ing the summer, for which reason the consumption per capita exceeds that of any other city in the world. The table on next page is compiled to show the gal- lons furnished per day per individual in several American and European cities, which are thought to be well sui)plied with water. ''■-"^- ' ■ ■ ■ "X-SAjfi ■At Kawi«»c««»S*>»S«!«S*SSi^««i^ Ooar siiSe. ■i % :ttollL of eeorcl^. ■»-"^»o«i-»o«»a»tCTgjBg S» i g i y.i<> > u '^«WBi iM. ; g^ )aig'l8g»gjaaRfj«»wty«»Mtr''g? :•<•)» !^"^5S!sas«?!w ".wwibmiww!!!." 26 A Wkll-Lightei) City. London ^} Cincinnati 80 New Vorli 95 Chicago 1 14 Glasgow 52 Buffalo 122 I'aris 68 Detroit 127 Philadelphia. ...... 67, Washington 176 Pittsburg 102 San Francisco 75 Brooklyn 54^ Oakland 230 St. Louis 71 j The water has been at different times analyzed by the City Board of Health, the chemical dej^artment of the University of Calitbrnia, and the State Board of Health, and classified among " the good water which may be used for all domestic pur- poses." Beautiful ai^d Belighfeful. ^SAKLAND is held by many travelers and writers to be the most beautiful and most delightful suburb in the United States. It certainly has the right to claim unsurpassed ferry and rail- way facilities, a genial climate, perfect ac- cessibility, and magnificent surroundings. It is flanked by Alameda and Berkeley, each a large and flourishing suburban town. The population of Oakland comes close on to 45,000. The homes of the rich are very beauti- ful, and the drives within and outside the city are numerous and delightful. No place in the world can show so much shrubbery and so many flowers the year round. Like Brooklyn, Oakland is a city of churches, while her public and private educational institutions are numerous and take high rank. There are several good hotels, where rates are moderate. The trains of the Central Pacific and South Pacific Coast Railroads carry pas- sengers to every jjortion of the city, while the street railroads run almost to every man's door. Most branches of manu- facture, nearly every line of mercantile pursuit, and nearly all the kinds of indus- try necessary to personal convenience, are found in Oakkand. Business and GommePGial Gentep. I From the Express.] I^AKLAND is no longer a mere suburb I of San Francisco, but has laid deep and broad the foundation of a sep- arate business and commercial center that will at no distant day be a formidable rival for a share of the expanding com- merce of the Pacific; still il is true that a very large portion of our population are attracted here from sanitary, social, and economical reasons. They are charmed by the healthy and exhilarating climate and the picturesque surroundings. They find the educational privileges, from the kindergarten to our magnificently endowed university, unsurpassed. Cheap ferriage is no small considera- tion. The broad gauge officials are care- ful and obliging, the boats elegant and commodious, and the depot at the end of the Oakland pier a model of architect- ural beauty and convenience. The nar- row-gauge people are sparing no pains to make their transit to San Francisco all that could be desired. Their cars and boats are of the best, the officials polite and watchful, and if these two companies could be induced to run. their boats at alternate intervals of fifteen minutes, and recognize each other's tickets, travel would be as near perfection as could be wished. fl^lXJeli-liighted GifeT. HE Oakland Gas Light Company was incorporated in 1866, and its street lamps were first lighted on New Year's night of 1867. At first the works of the company were located on the block bounded by Broadway, First, Second, and Washington Streets, upon which were both their retort house and coal yard. During the year 1877 the com- No Finer Spot Than Oakland. 27 pany built upon the block bounded by Urst. Grove, Second, and Jefferson Streets, additional works, consisting of a double lift holder of 500,000 cubic feet capacity, a purifying house 154 feet long by 36 feet wide, a meter house of proportionate size, and a tower scrubber with independ- ent water-works. These additions were planned upon the latest improvements known to the science of gas-making. On the first day of September, 1884, the name of the company was changed to a very large outlay in the way of street mains in proportion to the amount of gas consumed. The mains of the company extend from Alameda to Berkeley, and from Fruitvale to the water's edge. The number of miles of mains laid is suf- ficient to supi)ly a city of three times the inhabitants of Oakland. The com- pany started with twenty-five stref^t lamps, but the number has now been increased to about eight hundred and twenty. The coal used in the manufacture of gas is AN OAKLAND LIVE-OAK. the Oakland Gas, Light and Heat Com- pany. On January i, 1885, it originated a system of electric lighting, and has now in daily operation seventy-five arc lamps of the Thomson-Houston Company. A large building was erected for that special ] ur- pose on its property, corner Second and Washington Streets, and some seven miles of wire have so far been used to supply customers. The fact that the city of Oakland cov- ers such an extent of territory necessitates English and Australian, no first-class gas coal having been discovered, up to this time, on this coast. ¥lB FineF Sp©ti fehsiFi 8aI\IaF^d. ,HE evening Exp?-ess publishes a let-. II ter taken from the Hubbardston (Mich.) Advertiser^ in which the writer says: — I freely venture the assertion that no finer spot than the city of Oakland and '"^"fwrn- timmiSt v^^^^^m '/% SCENES IN BLAIRS PARK. •M) Sewerage and Streets. its surroundings can be found on Ameri- can soil, Los Angeles or Hubbardston not excepted. My first impression was good, and it imjiroves the longer I stay. I do not wish to be considered an enthusiast, and I think that my expressed disapproval of some of the places I have visited will go to prove that I am not. Oakland is clean, and "cleanliness is next to — " etc. It is quite level, making access to any part of its limits an easy task. It is (juiet, making it a home-like place to live. It is cool in summer, the ther- mometer rarely getting above yo*' in the shade, and mild and pleasant in winter. It never rains except in winter, but a s])le> •Glimale and §eal1ihfyli|GSS.<-- -^^i/^/y o^yznjxy^ !N Oakland the cloudy days are com- paratively few, and the wet days, even in the rainiest season, still fewer. The chniate throughout the year is equablej healthy, comfortable, agreeable, stimulat- ing, soothing, and invigorating to the in- valid, and rendering life more keenly enjoyable to those in perfect health. Could any resort be imagined more desir- able for ])ersons in delicate health, or those who dread the rigors of an Eastern winter? The afternoon winds that prevail in San Francisco during the summer months reach Oakland with diminished force. The close proximity of the hills in the rear of the city, and the many large and stately trees, serve as a protection. There are other reasons, perhaps, difficult of comprehension; but the fact is well known that when the winds prevail in San Fran- cisco with great violence, only a moderate breeze is felt in Oakland. The sea fogs of summer, which roll in from the ocean, vanish from Oakland several hours before they cease to overshadow San Francisco. Perfect immunity from wind and fog can be found only in the interior, but intensely hot and scorching weather is an annoy- ance that more than counterbalances the pleasure to be derived from a sky that is always clear, and freedom from the ocean mists. The city lies sloping to the west and north, fully exposed to the sea breezes, which lose their chill as they approach the Oakland shore. Its atmosphere is, there- fore, pure, and at the same time mild; bracing, yet with an Italian softness. The death-rate is about one-half that of San Francisco, a fact that is of itself suffi- cient proof of the remarkable healthfulness of the city. iealtih Sfeafeisfcieg. HE following carefully compiled table of health statistics, comparing the health of Oakland with that of the following cities, has been prepared by Dr. E. W. Buck, health officer of this city- CITIES. POPU- DEATH LATION. RATE. Cleveland, Ohio 200,429 IN JULY I 40.04 New Haven, Conn. 75,000 30.03 Baltimore, Md. 408,520 19-57 New Orleans, La. 234,000 24 00 Cincinnati, Ohio 325,000 24.62 Nashville, Tenn. 60,000 26 46 Chicago, 111. 630,00r> 28.44 Norfolk, Va. 26,188 38.30 St. Louis, Mo. 400,000 25.68 Milwaukee, Wis. 160,000 18.67 Wilmington, Del. 54,000 30.66 Detroit, Mich. 165,000 28.40 Oakland 43,000 13-95 % ^ m} n.-ii RESIDENCE OP GEO. R.WILLIAMS EAST OAKLAND- CALIFORNIA. ^'\Lv^< »V'«M ^*> {t-OPIg- RESIOENce OF G.e YATES .C OR 17'" 5T. AND ! 0'" AV E N U E EAST OAKLAND CAL. ^■*lft>— 38 Climate and Rainfall. Rainfall JFable. fHE annual averages of San Francisco and Oakland show less than half an inch difference, that of San Francisco being 24 inches, Oakland's 24.45. One cause of this excess, small as it is, is found in the absence of fog in Oakland as compared with San Francisco. In many other respects, notably the temperature of the prevailing winds, Oakland has a long ways the more enjoyable climate, and is therefore free from disease. The rainfall record at top of next column was taken by Mr. J. Hutchison, of this city. SEASON. INCHES. 1873-74 26.03 1874-75 21.67 1875-76 2S.46 1876-77 I 1. 71 I877-78--. ■ 32-15 1878-79 23.57 1879-80 26.04 1880-81 30.84 1881-82 18.13 1883-84 31.10 1884-85 17.95 The following tabic will [jiove an inter- esting study to those in less favored climates who suffer from extremes of heat and cold. It will be observed that the thermometer rarely i)asses below the freez- ing point. In only one of the years men- tioned does it indicate an uncomfortable degree of summer heat: — COMPARATIVE ANNUAL METEOROLOGY. Mean temperature of the year Mean temperature of the warmest day Mean temperature of the coldest day. Maximum temperature for the year. . Minimum temperature for the year. . Rainfall in inches during the year. . . . . No. clear and fair days during year. . . No. cloudy days during year No. days in which rain fell No. fogi^y mornings No. mornings overcast No. mornings frost was seen Wind, direction from SW. and W . . . . Wind, direction from NW. and W. . . . Wind, direction from NE. and N Wind, direction from SE. and S Calms iS 6. 187;. 56.29 1878. 1879- 55-11 1880. 53-69 5-. 09 55-28 4- 76. 69 -33 75-33 70.66 3^- 41.63 37- 33-66 41. 97- 95. 84. 93- 89- 30. .^o. 27- 27- 29- 21.56 1 1 .09 31.71 28.91 28.07 2 8 301 255 26. 258 98 64 1 10 99 108 63 58 78 89 53 23 8 '7 19 27 SI 44 64 63 86 35 35 36 46 62 342 364 311 3 5 346 210 150 173 150 136 34 63 45 50 59 163 150 164 126 172 340 368 402X 372 385 55-62 70. 42. 87. 31- 26.07 276 67 28 52 47 402 136 58 138 331 On December 3, 1873, Oakland was treated to cjuite a respectable fall of snow — not so heavy, however, as that which occurred on December 31, 1882 — and as such meteorological luxuries do not come around very often, Oakland made the most of it. The ground on the lee side of buildings, and clear, open spaces, was covered with the flaky visitant of sufficient depth to enable an industrious person to scrape enough together to form snow-balls, and snow-balling was indulged in by all so long as the material lasted. Youngsters who had never seen so much snow in all their lives, took to the sport as naturally as though they had been born and reared in a snow-bank, and men who remembered the sleigh-rides they used to take " back in the States," became quite gleeful over the old familiar sight, while its presence developed a number of jokes and much pleasantry. Such occurrences, as may be seen, are very rare, and for this reason, no doubt, they are heralded with all the more joy when they do come. Our candid belief is, should a ri'a/ Enstcrn storm sweej) down upon us, il would be an unwelcome visitor. A Winter Scene. 39 GliFnate emd EealfehfulBeSS. ^jfTVEN the lightest frosts are almost H^ unknown in the portion ^f the town G^ used for residence, which lies in or near the stratum of air called the "warm belt," that extends like a girdle about the valleys embraced by the Coast Range and its hilly offshoots. The sanitary conditions of the town de- pend severally on excellent drainage, neighborhood of the sea, absence of ma- larial vapors, evenness of temperature, superior quality of water used for drink- ing, and general freedom from the class of winds regarded as unhealthy. The north winds are the most troublesome, but they are the exceptional air currents of the year. The southeast gales strike the town with some force, but they are moist, healthful, and desirable. The trade winds impinge upon the shore of the bay with greatest violence near Shellmound. They are diminished in strength as they approach the hills, and in keenness by the layers of still air along the foot and in the canons of the Coast Range, which are warmed by the sun during the long pleasant afternoons. Often when San Francisco and other towns about the bay are enshrouded in fogs, Oakland has its milder airs and its unclouded skies and starlight. The district for which the following table has been prepared includes the University buildings and grounds, the l)Oi)ulous neighborhoods for a mile north and south of them, and has for its west- ern limit a north and south line about half way between East and West Berke- ley. The population within this area is about 1,300. The list covers a period of two years. It may be considered approx- imately accurate as regards cases, and al- most absolutely correct in respect of the number of deaths. NO. NO. CASES. DEATHS. Small-pox o o .Scarlet P^evcr 9 o Malignant Scarlet I'cvcr. ... o o Typhoid Fever 8 o Typhus Fever 6 o Malarial Fever 2 o Typho-nialarial Fever 3 o Bilious Fever (not known) o Cholera Infantum i i Erysipelas 4 o Kidney Disease 5 o Croup 5 o Bronchitis 10 o Diphtheria 5 o Tonsilitic and Tluoat I)i..a.ses 18 o Pneumonia 5 o VVhooiiiiiq; Cough 25 o Consumpiion 2 2 Pleuro-pneumoii a I i Convulsions i i Diarrhea 10 o Measles o o Inflammation of Livor i i Heart Disease 2 i General Debility 2 i Spinal Disease 2 I DEATHS BY ACCIDENT. Upon the Rail i Strangulation i Suicide i Poison I Gunshot Wound i No. of deaths in two years 14 The death-rate shown by these figures is phenomenal. Including deaths by acci- dent, it is but 7 per annum in 1,300, or a little over 5 in 1,000. Of the cases of consumption, it is only necessary to say that both were recent ar- rivals. One of the patients came to Berkeley a week before his death. The scarlet fever is invariably of mild type, and yields quickly to treatment. N January, or February at the latest, comes out the glory of the hyacinths, tulips, and their queenly allies, the ■ early varieties of lily and gladiolus. At this season the beautiful family of acacias, most graceful of tropic shade trees, in almost countless varieties, are yellow with the profusion of their flowers, every- COLEMAN BLOCK COP -4 En 12^ "^ t [ ' u J^ ( ST5 OAKUAND C/^L- 42 A Winter Scene. where presenting a most pleasing contrast to the dark green of those rugged and ven- erable native live-oaks which good taste has left standing at random along all streets, in every public park and private lawn, their massive trunks now often mantled with English ivy. Such is the peculiar geniality of the cli- mate that hardly any quarter of the globe has failed to contribute its rare and beau- tiful trees and shrubs to the adornment of our homes. Lilac and snow-ball, laburnum and spircea from northern Europe; ele- gant ericas and brilliant tecomas from southern Africa; magnolias and rhodo- dendrons from the Carolinas; camellias and azaleas from Japan; cacti, yuccas, and agaves (century plants) from Central America; stately dracaenas from the Sand- wich Islands; palms and cistus from the East Indies; all these and unnumbered other species which at this latitude on other northern coasts require the shelter and heat of the conservatory, grow here uncovered, at all seasons. Even the giant cactus and graceful dasylirion from Arizona deserts do not re- fuse to become acclimated; while side by side with them there flourish, as if equall) at home, the firs and larches of northern Europe, and young specimens of the ma jestic sugar-pines and sequoias of the snowy Sierra. Of the rose, the queen of the floral king- dom, all possible varieties, the tenderest as well as the most hardy, reward the cul- tivator's care with an almost perpetual harvest of bloom. The graceful fuchsias in all their forms are, in this region, strong, woody climbers, overhanging arbors, or mantling the walls of buildings and hang- ing forth their drooping, flower-laden branches, in almost equal perfection of beauty, at every season of the year. The vast wealth of arboreal and floral beauty which the landscape gardener has here at his command, is shown delight- fully on many a lawn, where, on one side, back of the compactly-rounded heads of the ancient live-oaks, the tall and slender eucalyptus hangs its lithe and leafy branches, while intermediately are ranged the dark, stalwart ranks of vigorous pine and cypress. Set off by such a back- ground, various palms, in groups perhaps overshadowing a moist rockery, planted with delicate and graceful ferns, present a scene altogether tropical in its richness. Or one sees stretches of velvet lawn en- closed by hedges of scarlet-geranium, and dotted either with beds of verbena, petunia, pansy, or brilliant foliage plants, or with clumps of bronze-leaved canna, or silver- plumed pampas grass; trellises covered with jassamine and honeysuckle; rustic alcoves shaded deeply by giant fuchsias and fragrant heliotrope — such are a few mere hints at the luxury here easily at- tainable in the beautifying of the surround- ings of home. TEMPRRATIIRR TABI.E. County. Alameda .... Oakland . . . Butte Chico Colusa j Williams. . , Fresno Fresno Kern Sumner .... Los Angeles. . Los Angeles Merced Merced .... Xapa jNapa Sacramento . . 'Sacramento . , .San Diego. . . San Francisco .San Joaquin. Santa Cruz . . Santa Clara. San Diego. Temperature. Stockton , Pajaro. . . San Jose. San .Mateo . . San .Mateo. . Redding . Modesto. Petaluma Suisun . . . Shasta .... Stanislaus ."^onoma . Scilano. . . Tehama iRed Bluff . . . Tulare jGoshen Volo W'oodland . . . \'uba I.Marysville. . . 95 114 112 "5 112 112 112 104 103 100 94 no 99 108 104 no "3 95 106 "9 116 112 28 22 22 18 18 28 20 19 22 32 25 20 22 24 25 24 21 18 25 24 '4 20 60 64 63 67 66 65 63 59 61 61 59 59 55 57 56 63 63 56 61 64 64 62 20 21 12 7 4 12 10 25 19 10 23 14 18 12 19 39 9 23 20 27 7 18 107! 24 I 64 I 17 4^Chypehes ®f @al^laRd.f# -^ly-y f. np HERE are nearly forty churches in ll't the city of Oakland, of all denomi. ^^ nations, but our space will only admit a notice of a few of the oldest of these. From the days when ''two or three were gathered together" under the shade of one of Oakland's spreading oaks, up to the present, the city has been the home of churches that have grown in beauty of design and magnificence of architecture, as the years flew by. She is sometimes called the "City of Spires," as she deserves to be, for more graceful out- lines are not to be found anywhere. Her number of devotees is large, and, in truth, Oakland is a city of families, boasting in her churches and her schools. We give in this work illustrations of a few of the most prominent churches, as well as brief descriptions of such as cared to furnish the items. All the churches are good buildings and have large congre- gations. Bir?Sti ReIigi©yS Sei^viseS. % ' — fN November, 1854, the Right Rever. end Bishop Kip made arrangements to have Dr. Carter's large and com- modious hall fitted up as a temporary Episcopal church, and to jierform the duties of pastor himself The building was located on Broadway. Saint John's Episcopal Church, however, was organized in June, 1852, and is the oldest church foundation in the city, except the Roman Catholic. In 1852, when Oakland was less than a village, having but half a dozen houses in it, two Episcopalian families met and worshiped unitedly, and thus contin- ued till a member of one of the families fell dangerously ill, when the little coterie ceased to meet. About a year later, the Rev. Dr. Ver Mehr, who was then rector of Grace Church. San Francisco, visited Oakland, and a meeting of twelve persons was with difficulty convened. Towards the close of the year 1853, an Episcopal clergyman, Rev. Mr. Morgan, appeared on a bright Sunday morning and read the prayers and preached under the branches of one of Oakland's shady trees. The next Sabbath- day the little flock in Oakland determined to have a covered church of some kind ready for the preacher ere the following Sunday. A large tent, 25x70 feet, was accordingly erected, a communion-rail put up, a temporary pulpit contrived, and a few benches arranged in the body of the tent. A cross outside designated the ob- ject of the building. But when all things were ready, through some accident tb.e clergyman came not. "Is there no min- ister present?" was the question asked by all. The Rev. Mr. Walsworth, afterwards (43) 3Lja_iL. UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. BERKELEY. CAL. RESIDENCE OF J. K STEWART. BLAKE ST BERKELEV CAL. 46 Churches of Oakland. head of the Pacific Female College, then stood up. and said, " I am a minister but not an Episcopalian. I am a Presbyte- rian, and will preach to you if you desire me to do so." His offer was joyfully accepted and a collection of nineteen dollars taken up. Next day the tent and all the seats were bought by the Presbyte- rians, which was the origin of that branch in Oakland, who called, as their first pastor. Rev. Samuel B. Bell. First Presbyterian Church. — This church was organized in April, 1853, be- ing one of the oldest of any denomination in Oakland. The first services were held in a cloth tent, and afterwards in the pub- lic school-house, under the pastoral charge of Rev. S. B. Bell. The original church building occupied by this society was erected about 1856, at the corner of Web- ster and Sixth Streets, at a cost of about six thousand dollars. The present church edifice, situated oil the northeast corner of Fourteenth and Franklin Streets, was built in the year 1875, at a cost of about filty-two thousand dollars, and was dedicated for public wor- ship January 16, 1876. It is one of the handsomest structures in the city. The present pastor, Rev. Francis A. Horton, assumed the pastorate April 8, 1883. First Congregational Church of Oakland is the largest church edifice, occupying one-half block on Clay between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets. This church was dedicated January 21, 1879. Rev. J. K. McLean is pastor. The cost of the present structure, with ground and furnishing, was in the neigh- borhood of one hundred thousand dollars. It contams sittings for fourteen hundred persons. Its auditorium is undoubtedly the most complete on the Pacific Coast. Four other Congregational Churches have, since the organization of this church, been formed within the territory it origi- nally held, to all of which it has made liberal contributions, both of members and of funds. At the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the First Congregational Church of Oak- land, report was made that 161 members had been received during the year and 44 dismissed (including deajhs) making a gain of 117. The total membership is at present 930. The amount raised for current expenses, including repairs and improvements, was $12,582 94; the amount for benevolence, $6,728.35; making a total of $19,311.29. The total enrollment of the Sunday-school is 1,074, with an average attendance of 628. The average attendance at church of members of the Sunday-school was 381; and III members of the school united with the church during the year. The annual report of the Sunday-school gives the following interesting items: — Total disbursements .f 1,302. 1 1 Number of officers 16 " " teachers 74 " "scholars (seniors) 574 " " " (juniors). , 152 " " " (primary) 242 — 968 " " helpers not otherwise enrolled . 24 Total enrolled membership 1,671 Largest attendance during the year 788 .Smallest " " " " 274 Average " " " " 621 The number of deaths reported for the year (only three) speaks volumes for the health of Oakland, three deaths out of i ,6j i children. St. Paul's (Episcopal) Church is lo- cated on Harrison Street, near Thirteenth. This church has drawn within its doors a congregation comprising large infiuence and wealth from a field comparatively un- occupied before, and is solidly established on a broad temporal and spiritual basis as a great and growing Christian power. Rev. Hobart Chetwood, rector. St. John's (Episcopal) Church. — This church had an humble origin when Oakland numbered but a few houses, and Churches of Oakland. 47 not over one thousand inhabitants. Dur- ing the summer of 1852, two families met and worshiped unitedly. A lot was pur- chased on Eighth Street, in i860, and an edifice erected, which has been twice en- larged. Rev. Benj. Akerley has been pastor for about twenty-five years. Seventh-day Adventist Church — In January, 1876, a movement was started features of this body of Christians are the keeping of the seventh-day Sabbath, "ac- cording to the commandment," as also the doctrine of the near advent of the Lord to execute judgment — although no time is fixed for that event. They acknowledge no creed but the Bible, and inscribe upon their banner, " The commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus." They PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS. {Opuntui by the State Conference to secure a suit able location for a house of worship. After careful canvassing, the very desirable northeast corner of Clay and Thirteenth Streets was selected, and purchased at a cost of $4,000. Here a neat and com- modious building was erected, costing about twelve thousand dollars. As the name indicates, the distinctive I'ulgaris.) IN OAKLAND GARDEN. totally abstain from every form of intoxi- cating beverage, and disfellowship the-use of tobacco. They teach abstinence from tea and coffee as a doctrine of health re- form, but do not make it compulsory upon members. Eld. J. H. Waggoner is pastor. Church of the Immaculate Concept TiON is situated on Jefferson Street RESIDENCE OF MRS.M.HILLEGASS. BERKELEY, CAL. Oakland offers to Berkeley its stores, churches, and all its numerous places of resort, which will be brought within a fif- teen minutes' ride on the completion of the South Pacific Coast local line. Al- ameda, with its pleasant streets and sea- bathing, is scarcely more distant. Pied- mont Springs are within an easy drive, and the fair and fertile district of which j San Pablo is the center lies just beyond | the point where the Coast Range descends to the shore of the bay. The new drive around Lake Merritt is expected to be one of the loveliest of its kind. Hi@Ml EGei^e in Wintep. HE freshness and beauty of lawns and gardens m winter are delightful. The light frosts of the midwinter season only brighten the verdure of the hardy lawn grasses, and hardly check the bloom of geraniums^ pelargoniums, heliotrope, tender and choice roses, and other green-house plants which here thrive RESIDENCE OF F. H. LAWTON . CHANNING WAY. BERKELEY CAL. 50 Churches of Oakland. between Seventh and Eighth. The style of the building is early Gothic, and it consists of a nave, side aisles, chancel, and two front towers. The latter are to be surmounted by spires at a future period, but even in their present state their height (104 feet to the top of the pinnacles) and size give a highly imposing appearance to the front. The roof is open; on the inside the s[)aces between the i)rincipals and tie- beams, and the latter and the arch braces, in both nave and aisle roofs, being filled in with light and elegant open-work tracery. The ceiling is paneled and painted blue, with stars; the wood-work being painted white, with flower patterns with tertiary colors. At the sides the arch braces under the roof-timbers are terminated in carved niches, intended to receive statues of the twelve apostles. The cornices are also of wood, the arches between the naves and aisles and the chancel arch being, with the walls and ceiling under the organ gallery, the only plaster-work in the building. The win- dows are filled with rich stained glass, the heads being ornamented with emblematic figures, and the large front window being quite a fine specimen of artistic design. It is not the least satisfactory matter in connection with this building, that it is entirely the product of California design and workmanship. First Methodist Church is a large building on the corner of Fourteenth and Clay Streets. It has a large and flourish- ing congregation and Sunday-school. Rev. John Coyle is pastor. First Baptist Church is a handsome edifice at the southeast corner of Four- teenth and Brush Streets, and was erected at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, the lot whereon it stands having cost twenty- five hundred dollars. It was formally dedicated in March, 1869, the chapel in the rear having been occupied three months before, and used while the main building was being completed. The Sun- day-school was organized in 1S54. It has an attendance of thirty teachers and about three hundred children. The li- brary has some eight hundred volumes, which are well calculated to advance the reader in higher spiritual attainments. Rev. E. H. Gray, pastor. Second Congreg.vtional Church. — This church was organized on the 31st of May, 1868, in the West Oakland school- house. Previous to this organization a Sabbath-school had been held for some time in the school-house, and a "Relig- ious Society" had been formed, and preaching services had been conducted by Prof. Martin Kellogg, of the College of California. On the loth of May, 1868, this society was dissolved, and in its place the "Second Congregational Religious Society of Oakland" was formed, of which the same persons were elected trustees. In 1874 measures were taken for purchas- ing a lot and building a church on Chase Street, the one now occupied by the church. The following year the old build- ing was removed to the rear of this lot, and fitted up for a lecture room; and a neat and commodious church edifice was erected at a cost for building and furniture of eleven thousand dollars. It was dedi- cated December 26, 1875. The Salvation Army has just com- pleted a new building on Eighth Street. The " castle," the first building erected by the Army on the Pacific Coast, is ninety feet long, forty -four feet wide, and two stories high. The main room, on the first floor, will accommodate six hundred or seven hundred people. In the upper story will be the otifice of Major Wells, Division Commander, and of Captain Cozens, of the First California Corps. These officers will also live in the build- ing- -4^¥he E'ubliQ S(ih©©ls.^^ -x^^juifh^innn^^ fubliG Sgh0©ls ef SaKland. HE education of youth is amply pro- vided for by the city. There are seventeen roomy, well-lighted, and well-ventilated school buildings with a seating capacity of 6,000, which is 600 more than the average daily attendance. These are conveniently placed in the dif- ferent wards according to the concentra- tion of population. At the head of the list stands the High School, with classi- cal, scientific, and literary courses, well supplied with school apparatus, accom- plished teachers, and thoroughly compe- tent to fit pupils for the colleges and uni- yersities of the country, or for any sphere in life. It has been for the last fifteen years in charge of Prof. J. B. McChesney. The teachers of the public schools are selected from the most experienced mem- bers of the profession to be found on the Pacific Coast. Many of the buildings have grounds ornamented with trees, shrubs, and flowers. Surroundings and appliances are agreeable, and in the mild, healthy, and stimulating air, pupils find every incentive to study. There is prob- ably no other city in the world where nature supplies so many aids. The aggre- gate value of the school property is over $400,000. which in convenience, comfort, and educational advantages represents twice the amount in any Eastern city, where, owing to a vigorous climate, school buildings are necessarily of a more sub- stantial kind. The following figures are taken from the annual report of City Superintendent of Public Instruction, J. C. Gilson. to the State Superintendent. The figures relate to the public schools within the city. Number of classes, employing one teacher each, 133; made up of 46 grammar classes, 8 High School classes, one com- mercial class, two evening classes, and 76 primary classes. Number of boys enrolled on register, 3,964; girls, 3,951; total, 7,915. Average number belonging, 5,830.65; average daily attendance, 5,608.83. Percentage of at- tendance, 96.20. The pupils are distributed as follows: In High School, 379; grammar grades, 2,398; primary grades, 5,138. Number of teachers, 142— male, 13; fe- male, 129. There are 115 teachers with first-grade certificates and 23 with second- grade certificates. The number of teachers who are gradu- ates of the State Normal School is 18; graduates of other State Normal schools, (51) 8pganizafei®Fi ©i ynivepSifey- pN accordance with the organic act, the Board of Regents was composed of twenty-two members, of whom the following were ex officio: The Gov- erns and Lieutenant-Governor of Cali- fornia, the Speaker of the Assembly, the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion, the President of the State Agricult- ural Society, and the President of the Mechanics' Institute of San Francisco. Of the remaining sixteen, eight were to be appointed by the Governor, with the ap- proval of the State Senate, and eight were to be honorary members, chosen from the body of the State by the official and ap- pointed members. Prof. LeConte in conjunction with the Committee on Instruction prepared a synopsis of a course of study appropriate to the colleges of the University. They are now as follo\^s: — I . College of Letters ; 2. College of Ag- riculture ; 3- College of Mechanics; 4. College of Mining ; 5. College of Engi- neering ; 6. College of Chemistry ; 7. Literary Course; 8. Course in Letters and Political Science. The University began its labors in the buildings at Oakland on the 23d of Sep- tember, and the first graduating exercises were held in June, 1873, in a church in Oakland. The new buildings were occu- pied the next September. Prof. LeConte had the active co-operation of J. W. Dwindle during the arduous work of or- ganization. He acted as president for more than a year, presided at the first commencement exercises, and conferred the first degrees on a graduating class of three, who had been advanced students in the College of California. During his incumbency several measures of vital im- portance were taken, among which were the selection of suitable building-plans, making tuition free, the adoption of the Rules of Order and General Regulations. RESIDENCE OF PHILIP TEARE. WALNUT ST. BERKELEY. CAL. 54 Oakland High School. 15; teachers who hold life diplomas, 64; State educational diplomas, 21; first-grade city certificates, 119; second-grade city certificates, 23. EXPENDITURES. Teachers, salaries $135,12285 Rents, repairs, fuel, etc 27,333 11 School library 738 65 School apparatus 210 00 Sites, buildings, and furniture I9>559 32 Total expenditures $182,963 93 RECEIPTS. Balance on hand July i, 1884 $ 17,066 96 F'rom non-resident pupils 1,54740 From city taxation 57. 7°' 75 From county taxation 30.957 o' From State taxation 75.°93 24 Total receipts $182,366 36 SCHOOL PROPERTY VALUATION. Lots, school-houses, and furniture $411,50000 School libraries 2,700 00 School apparatus 5>250 00 Total value of school property $419,450 00 iubliG eif^d Pj^ivafee Sshooli^. 'he High School, which is the head H of the Public School Department of this city, has long been the pride of the citizens of Oakland. Its rank among the foremost educational institu- tions on this coast entitles it to the high esteem of the public, and the liberal sup- port it has always received. It needs no praise from us, but is able to stand upon its own merits and sustain the enviable reputation it has achieved. The Oakland High School was organ- ized July 12, 1869, with twenty-nine pu- pils. The curriculum adopted provided a liberal course in natural science, mathe- matics, literature, and language, requiring three years for its completion. For the first two years the classes were accommodated in connection with a grammar school, but at the commencement of the third year they were moved to the commodious building situated at the corner of Central Avenue and Market Street. At first but one teacher was employed; now there are nine. J. B. McChesney is principal. HE University buildings are large and commodious. The public schools of Berkeley also occupy handsome buildings, and are supjjlied with competent instructors. The Kellogg School at East Berkeley stands near Strawberry Creek, and almost in the shadow of the old oaks of the University. The merits of the Kellogg School have been recognized by the State University in admitting its graduates on certificate of Principal. Since the adoption of this policy by the University it has been among the first to secure this jirivilege. To non-resident pupils the Kellogg School offers advantages which cannot be enjoyed elsewhere in the State. The central location of the school makes it equally accessible to residents from all quarters of Berkeley ; the tuition fees of non-resident pupils contribute materially to its support ; while its intimate con- nection with the grades below, render it the common ambition of graduates of the San Pablo and Kellogg schools. The West Berkeley public school, as will be seen by our illustration, is also a fine structure. Bowens Academy was opened January 2, 1884, under the name of the Home School for Boys. By request of many of the patrons and well-wishers of the Institution, the name of the School was changed into that of Bowens Academy. The success of the school has been marked from the beginning, each term bringing its increase, and the prospects for the future are most encouraging. The Principal of the School is a gradu- ate of one of the oldest and highest Uni- versities of Europe. He has had an experience in teaching of over twenty years, six of which were spent teaching in this State. ■Ml 'T^l^e liibpapies. -~"^--— ^f^- B^ee fubliG liibpaPY- Oakland takes pride in the free public library which is located in the library building on the corner of Fourteenth and Washington Streets. First opened November 7, 1 878; contained, June I, 1883, 9,229 volumes. There are about 7,000 members; the average monthly circulation is about 12,000 volumes. Of the total books drawn out about 60 per cent is classed as fiction, and the remain- ing is classed as history, geography, trav- els, poetry, and fiction in proportion as named. The library is open from 9 a. m. to 8 p. M., daily except Sundays. The reading-room in this building oc- cupies the first floor and is well furnished with news and periodical literature of the day. It receives over 100 papers and 25 magazines. The rooms are open daily from 7 to 9 o'clock. There are also free reading-rooms at East and West Oakland. All are managed by a Board of Trustees elected by the people, who also manage the library. The following comprise the Board of Trustees: C. W. Kellogg, R. G. Graham, J. B. McChesney, J. H. Boalt, S. H. Melvin. Mi Bell©ws' LiibPeiPY. UGUST 12, 1S67, there was a meet- 3>^ ing of Odd Fellows for the purpose xW" of founding a library, and it was de- termined to establish an association, to be composed of such members of the Order as might choose to unite with it The first event of any imi)ortance was the transfer of 295 volumes from the '• Oak- land Philomathean Ljbrary Association," immediately followed by a large donation from W. W. Crane, Jr , and in quick suc- cession by smaller donations from many individuals. There is at present in the library or in circulation 4,300 well-selected volumes. The Odd Fellows Society and their families are the only persons entitled to draw books from the library, but others are always welcome to examine the books in the library for reference, and many are daily availing themselves of the privilege. It is in the Odd Fellows' Hall on north- west corner of Eleventh and Franklin Streets. There are about 700 members, and the average monthly circulation is about 1,500 volumes. The library is opened from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m., daily, (55) Il2!i;«yi4^.siii,«»^*«^t<»?^*«^«^^^ RESIDENCE OF ROBERT STEWART. DWIGHT WAV. BERKELEY CAL. .-■...^-^•^/.i^^!^^^^^^^;^^ COTTAGE OF CHAS.K. CLARK. ESO. BERKELEY, CAL. 58 Library of the Umvkrsitv except Sundays. The librarian is P. J. Ipsen. Oakland contains a great many Sunday- school libraries. Among the largest are the First Presbyterian, First Congrega- tional, I'irst Methodist, St. John's, St. Paul's, and the Y. M. C. A. The State University library is also a large and valu- able collection, described in another jibce. ijibpaPY ©f' ^^® Uniuer?Si1^Y 'HE General Library, containing now- over twenty-two thousand volumes, has been arranged with a view to making it especially valuable as a reference library. It receives a large number of periodical publications, liter- ary, scientific, and general. Furnished with author and subject catalogues and full indexes, the library is preeminently a working collection. It is being con- stantly augmented by gift and purchase, especially from the income of the Reese Fund of $50,000. The beautiful and commodious Bacon Building affords abun- dant space for further growth. The library began with one thousand volumes transferred with the property of the College of California. It has since rapidly increased. The present yearly income of about $4,000 is from a bequest of $50,000, made by Michael Reese. The library must grow from similar accre- tions, large and small. Its future mag- nificence will depend, therefore, largely on the liberality of wealthy citizens and the grateful gifts of those who have expe- rienced the benefits of the University. As the library is a department of the University, the property of the State, and accessible to all citizens, it will be spe- cially interesting and valuable to resi- dents of Berkeley. CKNTURY PLANT IN AN OAKLAND GARDl fapl^s and flaGes sf RessFl. -^^^a/i/h^innn^^ Blaip'g E^a^I^. ! LAIR'S PARK is a secluded and shady nook in a ravine or canon of the foot-hills, and reached by the Piedmont cars. It has peculiar charms for picnic parties from the city and Oakland. With characteristic public spirit and good taste Mr. Blair has taken advantage of the natural surroundings of the gorge and of its native trees, and, by constructing walks and creating dams and bridges, has added to the natural charms of the locality. The walks are con- structed without regard to the points of the compass, and the happy consequence is that, instead of uniform monotonous straight lines, there is a variety with nat- ural curves and grades. There is one quite large lake surrounded with oaks, laurel, and other trees, making it a delightful resort. In another place the creek has been dammed up by a sub- stantial stone wall, thus forming a perfect little gem of a lake, from which the water falls by a beautiful cascade as shown in our sketch. The gentle undulations, the graceful slopes, the abrupt acclivities of the hills, all carpeted with the soft green- sward, which, bedecked and bespangled with an endless variety pf brilliant wild flowers intermingled with those of more modest hue, but not, therefore, less beau- tiful; the surface dotted here and there with copses of native shrubbery, the flow- ering madrona, the evergreen oak, the lofty and wide-spreading laurel, — all these constitute an extended and lovely parterre, which gratifies the eye, and constantly ap- peals with an irresistible charm to the in- nate sense of the beautiful. On one side of the gorge is the narrow road, or highway, clinging to the hill-side, while at the bottom of the short, deep declivity the merry brooklet dances among the rocks. Tall brakes wave over its mossy banks, and here may be found their more delicate sisters, — "The witching tangle of the maiden-hair, The sweet grace of the gold and silver ferns, The nodding coffee-fern with beauty rare," — Intermingled with a profusion of trailing vines and softly-tinted woodland denizens. The sprightly little stream is spanned by a rustic foot-bridge, as shown in our illus- tration. He who climbs the hill is enchanted with the landscape spread before him, — a view of the Golden Gate, and on out, till the eye catches the dim outlines of the Farallone Islands, some thirty miles away. One of the most magnificent views to be (59) 60 Piedmont Strings. seen anywhere can be obtained by follow- ing up the pathway leading to the top of the mountain. On either side the visitor will see, ex- cept in the six months of midsummer, wild flowers in countless numbers, far handsomer and more delicate than the common garden flowers of the Eastern States. Occasional glimpses of the sea, or of the hills dotted with purple shadows, will delight him, also the air, which most of the time is mild and bracing. To reach Blair's Park take the Piedmont cars at A\'ashington Street on the arrival of the local train. flfiHIS beautiful cemetery is located in a northeasterly part of Oakland and easily reached by the Piedmont street-car line. It is two and one. half miles from the city hall, and is a beautiful place and well worth a visit. Its avenues are lined by choice flowers and supplied by beautiful fountains. There are handsome and costly monuments scat- tered through the grounds. The plan of the Mountain View Cem- etery was laid out by Mr. Frederick Law Olmstead, one of the most distinguished experts in landscape gardening, and his recommendations for its improvement and ornamentation are being carried out as nearly as possible. It is recommended that each family lot contain one monument, with space for the several inscriptions likely to be recjuired. (ireater beauty will thus be secured than by separate head and foot stones. It is also more api)ropriate that the deceased mem- bers of a family be laid to rest around one monument, and that their names be grouped upon one tablet. It is a part of the duty of the Superin- tendent to explain the plans to persons wanting lots, to give information concern- ing the choice of trees, their adaptation to the soil, and their arrangement with refer- ence to the landscape. The laying out and platting of the extensive grounds of this association was the work of Frederick Law Olmstead, and the plans throughout bear the mark of a master hand. Improvements are constantly being made, and the grounds, naturally pictur- esque, are receiving all the embellishments that art can suggest. Entering this broad gateway, which is flanked by lodges and an inclosing wall, the road diverges into three separate ave- nues, the one on the left leading to the Catholic, the central one to the Hebrew, and the right hand to the Protestant quarter. To the present time about six thousand interments have been made. The ceme- tery grounds are easy of access, the Pied- mont street-cars running to the gateway. Piedm©Fi1i SpFJF^gS and Sup- Feui^dings. fROM San Francisco and the bay a cluster of houses can be seen far up ^y;} in the foot-hills, where they merge in the steeper ascents of the Coast Range. This is Piedmont, a place of re- tired elegance and unlimited prospect. It has an altitude of from three to six hun- dred feet, and is therefore above the frost- line. It enjoys comparative freedom from the fogs that cover the plains below. The trade-wmds lose much of their severity be- fore they reach it. P>om no point can the peculiarities of the scenery of the region be better ob- served. The hills rise above into peaks crowned with farms and wooded lands. Below, they fall away in graceful undula- tions. Here the eucalyptus shows masses |||i[ir(7llllllllllllll:llllll|t{!lll!ii|{lllllllll 62 Neptune Gardens. of forest. There it clusters in groves, stretches out in martial lines, or expands in squares of military exactness. The chaparral covers with its mantle of dark green the great wrinkles of the hill-sides. The view combines the boldness of mount- ain scenery with the soft and pleasing qualities of English landscape. From every point, hill, plain, city, and ocean is visible and present an enchanted view to the beholder. Many eligible sites are already occupied with dwellings that fit into their handsome surroundings as into a natural framework. On one sightly knoll stands the home of James Gamble, formerly Superintendent of the Western Union Telegraph Com- pany. An artist has made a sketch of this fine place, and it appears in our illus- trations of fine residences. The grounds are on a location commanding the entire country from the Napa and Solano Hills to Mount Bache in the Santa Cruz Range. Its sloping lawns are filled with trees and shrubbery artistically arranged. Many well-known men have purchased lots in Piedmont, on which they intend building. A. N. Towne, General Manager of the Central Pacific Railroad, has chosen one of the most desirable locations. A line of street-cars, which winds up through fields, groves, orchards, and ave- nues set with cedar and red-stemmed eu- calyptus, affords easy and pleasant access to Piedmont. Water is supplied abun- dantly from living springs, and from pipes connecting with the city water works. Gas is also plentifully supplied and can be had at a moment's notice. Springs containing sulphur, magnesia, and iron flow from the hill-sides, and pos- sess such rare medicinal virtues that the place would quickly become a fashionable health resort, were hotel accommodations furnished, and were the presence of fash- ion desired. |^(,|HE Neptune Gardens and Long Branch Baths were constructed by The big pavilion combines the feat- ures of an immense roller skating rink, dancing pavilion, refreshment saloon, cafe chantant, or military drill-room, as necessity required. The site chosen was on the beach line just under a small bluff that bounds the Neptune (iarden on its water front. Here a foundation was laid by pile driving in the sand, no less than 710 piles being driven ten feet apart down to hard bottom, and a structure reared that now, in a nearly completed state, measures 413x150 feet. The floor, which is about this area, is laid with asphalt cement over timbers, and the space from it to the bridge of the roof is fifty feet in the center, sloping to twenty-eight feet at the sides. A line of twelve heavy columns in the center helps to support the twenty-one trusses that form the roof cap, the trusses being braced by iron rods and the roof shingled. Two hundred and fifty thou- sand feet of lumber have been used in the construction of the pavilion. These places of resort are reached by the cars of the Southern Pacific Railroad from either San Francisco or Oakland every half hour. There are three theaters generally in successful operation. The oldest is Dietz Opera House, situated on the corner of Twelfth and Webster Streets. Oakland Theater is the largest building used for theatrical plays and will scat a very large number of people. It is located on Twelfth Street near Webster and is only one story high and very con- venient of entrance and exit. The Park Theater is, as its name indi- cates, situated opposite the City Hall Park and under new management has improved. 64 Museums of the University. ynivePSitT Museums. ItHR museums of the University at Berkeley are made up from mate- rials obtained mainly from the fol- lowing sources : The State Geologi- cal Collection, which has been placed at the disposal of the University ; the Vox Collection, consisting of a large number of fossils, minerals, rocks, etc., collected by Mr. C. D. Voy, and presented to the University by D. O. Mills, Esq.; the Pioche Collection, an extensive miscella- neous collection of oil paintings, mineials, rocks, ores, shells, etc., from all parts ot the world, and especially from South America, presented to the University by the late F. L. A. Pioche ; the Hanks Col- lection, consisting of miscellaneous min- erals and rocks, presented by James R. Keene, Esq., of San Francisco; oil paint- ings and statuary, presented by Henry D. Bacon ; purchase by the University, and current donations. The Museum of Fine Arts, first opened on May 29, 1882, is located in the Bacon Art and Library Building. It contains sixty-six paintings and three pieces of statuary, pre.sented by Henry D. Bacon, and several paintings. The Museum of Classical Arch.-e- OLOdV contains a small cabinet of coins and medals, including over four hundred ancient coins, mostly Roman, about three hundred and fifty medals, and a like number of modern coins. The Museum of Ethnology contains many remarkable stone implements and skulls from the Pacific Coast. The Museum of Zoology contains a small collection of mammals, birds, rep- tiles, fishes, and recent mollusks and ra- diates. The Museum of Entomology contains the collection of beetles made by Mr. E. Ricksecker. It contams over two thousand species, well determined, and fully accessible for purposes of instruction. The Museum of Botany contains a valuable herbarium of Australian plants, a collection of native woods, cones, and photographs of the characteristic trees of California. The private collection of Professor Hilgard, containing some twelve thousand specimens of American and for- eign plants, is deposited in the agricult- ural lecture room for the use of the stu- dents. The Museum of Historical Geol- ogy is in process of formation. The Museum of Pal-eontology con- tains a full suite of the fossils of Califor- nia, both animal and vegetable. The Museum of Petrography con- tains many foreign rocks, but is especially rich in California material, collected by the corps of the State Geological Survey, and by Mr. C D. Voy. The Museum of Economic Geology, although so recently founded, is already large, and is in frequent receipt of valu- able acquisitions from all parts of the Pa- cific Coast. The Museum of Mineralogy is very large and fully arranged, and is supplied with ample case room. The Museum of Metallurgy is de- signed to illustrate the metallurgical proc- esses pursued at all the mills and reduc- tion works on the coast, by means of sets of specimens from each establishment, showing ores, fluxes, fuels, roasted prod- ucts, slags, chlorination products, etc. The Museum of Models contains a small but valuable collection of machine and furnace models. The Museum of Agriculture con- tains a collection of about eight hundred specimens of the soils of this State, to which frequent additions are made. The interest is good in this de|)artment. GO Public Parks. Shell lAouDd E>cipI\. nf|HIS park is situated between Emery l| Station and the Oakland Trotting hJx Park, on tlie Berkeley Railroad, and is reached every thirty minutes, 7'/a Oakland Ferry, from San Francisco. It derives its name from one of the ancient Indian shell-mounds, which is still in a fine state of preservation, and rises to a height of sixty feet, its summit being crowned with a dancing pavilion. The park was first opened as a holiday resort in 1876, by E. Wiard, but in 1880 it was leased for ten years to Capt. Ludwig Siebe, who has made various and extensive im- provements within the domain. The park contains two of the largest dancing pavil- ions on the Pacific Coast, a race track for games, with covered seats accommodating 2,000 people; turning apparatus, swings, flying-horses, bowling-alley, a shooting- range, containing four thirty-yard targets, one one hundred-yard target, twelve two hundred-yard targets, and four five hun- dred-yard targets; fruit and ice-cream stand, and shooting-gallery, and a dining- room, where meals are served in good order to the satisfaction of the public in general. .JHIS tract was originally laid out in 1871, by v.. Wiard, the present pro- prietor, and is justly considered among the finest on the Pacific Coast. It is one mile in circumference, being also fitted with all modern and nec- essary improvements. It contains 200 box-stalls for horses, and 200 cattle-stalls, and is situated op])Osite Shell Mound Park, on the line of the Central Pacific Railroad, trains i)assing it every half hour. In 1879 it was here that the famous St. Tulian lowered the record of the world. and trotted a mile in two minutes twelve and a quarter seconds. tin HESE excursion grounds, situated in 'j * Alameda, were opened to the pub- lic early in the year 1868, and are the property of the Schutzen Loan and Building Society. They comprise between seven and eight acres of land, and contain all the necessary apparatus to make it a place of resort and picnic grounds. There are a dancing pavilion, swings, shooting-ranges, and other things of interest and attraction. HE visitor will be amply paid for the time in making a visit to the large nursery of R. Groves, situated between Shell Mound Park and the Race Track. Take the San Pablo Avenue cars. Here will be found ferns and orna- mental plants in great variety. Hundreds of varieties of roses, fruit-trees, and shrubs of numerous kinds have been shipped to various points on the coast. Mr. Groves' reputation for rose culture is unsurpassed, as well as his taste and success in the growth of an endless variety of plants, flowers, fruit and ornamental trees, espe- cially adapted to this delightful and un- surpassed climate. PubliG SquapeS ©p E'aplxS. HERE are eight squares and two plazas in Oakland, but only a few of these have been improved. La- fayette Square, on which is located the Observatory, has been laid out to lawn and graveled walks, fountains, and flowers, with the Observatory in the center. Jef- A'liiM^i k^^ ^Mm m Public Squares and Parks. ferson Square has also been considerably improved, and is beautiful in its native live-oaks. The squares are as follows: — Franklin, bounded by Fourth. Franklin, Fifth, and Broadway; 3oo.\20o ft.; valued at $75,000. Harrison, bounded by Sixth, Alice, Seventh, and Harrison Streets; 300x200 ft.; valued at $17,000. Independence, bounded by East Six- teenth Street, Eighteenth Avenue, East Nineteenth Street, and Sixteenth Avenue; 660x660 ft.; valued at $25,000. Jefferson, bounded by Sixth, Jefferson, Seventh, and drove Streets; 300x200 ft. ; valued at $90,000. Lafayette, bounded by Tenth, Jefferson, Eleventh, and Grove Streets; 300x200 ft.; valued at $28,000. Madison, bounded by Eighth, Oak, Ninth, and Madison Streets; 300x200 ft.; valued at $28,000. Oakland, bounded by Tenth, Alice, Eleventh, and Harri.son Streets; 300x200 ft.; valued at $28,000. Washington, bounded l)y Fourth, Broad- way, Fifth, and Washington; 300x200 ft.; valued at $90,000. Clinton I'laza, bounded by Twelfth, Street, Seventh Avenue, East F'ourteenth Street, and Sixth Avenue; 300x160 ft.; valued at $6,000. Caroline Square, between Second and Third Avenue, north of East Fifteenth Street; 300x300 ft.; valued at $14,000. City Hall Park, 143x207 ft, and 422 ft. on Fourteenth Street and 276 ft. on San Pablo Avenue; valued at $140,000. In May, 1859. Washington Square was given to the county, and. at a later period, Franklin Scjuare, which was op])Osite, on condition tliat the county buildings, C'ourt House and Hall of Rc( ords, be located there. COUNTY lOLlKT MOUSE, ■^Emv&iUe S8l^©8ls.«#- f pivatie B8h©©ls. 0:ESIDES the public schools, the Uni- % versity and the Medical College, there ■^.Ijh are some twenty-four private schools, with about seven hundred pupils. Among the {principal ones we may men- tion the Home School for Young Ladies; Notre Dame Academy. Alameda; Pagoda Hill Kindergarten; D. P. Sackett's School for Young Men; California Military Acad- emy; Hopkins x\cademy; Oakland Busi- ness College ; St. Joseph's Presentation Academy; Convent of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart; Miss Humphrey's School; St. Mary's Academy; St. Lawrence School; Harmon Seminary; Oakland Normal School ; Miss Horton's School, and St. Joseph's Academy, conducted by the Christian Brothers. for reaching the place are frequent and convenient. The course of studies em- braces the various branches of a solid and useful education. The scholastic year commences the second week in July, and ends the last of May. It is situated on Chestnut Street, between San Antonio and San Jose Avenues, and easily reached by railroads or street-cars. AVe present our readers with a page view of this institution. 'HIS institution conducted by the Sisters of Notre Dame — a branch of College of Notre Dame, San Jose- affords an opportunity of procuring for young girls, at a very moderate expense, a good moral and intellectual education. The academy is favorably situated in Alameda near the bay. The climate of Alameda is not surpassed, and the facilities SaGl^eliti SgF^©©1. ^NE of the most substantial prepara- tory schools of California is the ^1; Sackett School, Hobart Street, Oak- and. It was founded in 1878, by its present ])roprietor. Prof. D. P. Sackett. With modest beginnings the school slowly but surely came into prominence until it has twice become necessary to enlarge the building to accommodate the increas- ing patronage. Hand in hand with this increase of patronage has gone an en- largement of facilities offered to the students. Three lines of street-cars pass within about a block of the school premises, but they are most directly reached by the Telegraph Avenue line from the Broad- (69) 70 Private Schools. way railway station, the time from San Francisco being forty minutes. The location of the school is central, and yet as retired and remote from the din and bustle of the city as though it were miles away in the country. Attention is especially directed to the home-like and attractive grounds, and to the internal arrangement of the buildings looking to the convenience and comfort of the students. The institution is pledged to furnish the most careful, intellectual, and moral training. The best instruction is pro- vided by teachers of large experience and recognized ability- The foremost journal of our country has recently used the fol- lowing language addressed to the school department of New York City: "Strengthen the />(7s/s of the school system before you increase the superstructure. Teach few things, but teach them so they will be a/>- solutely known. First give the child what will be essential for the practical business of life, an! a basis for self-improvement.'' This sentiment coincides exactly with the teaching and aims of this school. Thoroughness is insisted on, without which the student is practically helpless, and on which, as a foundation, all sound education must rest. The school provides three distinct de- partments of instruction, viz., the Aca- demic, including Classical, English, and Commerical courses; the Intermediate and the Primary. The schedule of studies is arranged to carry students from the earliest proce.sses of education to the point where th'jy shall have acquired the prej)- aration necessary to enable them to enter the University of California, or any East- ern university or college; to fit them for the best scientific schooLs, or for business, as may be desired. The recreation of the students is regu- lar and wholesome. Aside from the usual outdoor games of foot-ball and base-ball, a gymnasium has been built, directly in the rear of the main building, which is equipped with most approved kinds of apparatus, consisting of ladders, rings, parallel bars, vaulting bars, Indian clubs, etc. No substitute has yet been found for the voluntary, vigorous, daily exercise of the student in the open air. Health of body and grasp of mind alike depend upon this. Hence no pains have been spared to make the department of physical culture equal in its efficiency to the moral and the intellectual training of the school. A reading and social room has also been provided, where the best dailies, scientific journals, and magazines will always be found. Day scholars as well as boarding ])upils are received into the school and share all of its advantages. The present graduating class is the largest in the history of the school. It includes candidates for the Sophomore Class of our State University, for Yale College, and for active business life. The school as a whole, notwithstanding busi- ness depression, is larger than it was one year ago, thus showing the interest and sympathy of the people at large, which the institution richly deserves to have. fOHE Pagoda Hill Kindergarten de- rived its name from the hill on which it was situated at the time of its opening, in January, 1863, a place among the foot-hills of Oakland, north of Temescal. The hill was so named by the late J. Ross Browne, near whose residence was that of Miss Alice Phelps, the ]Drincipal of the Kindergarten. The school was opened at the principal's own house, Jan- H .5 O! s SS C^ c o A u O > = S K tJ) a ^ '"' ^^ « a a: 7\ IS '■J i *^ rt - a o w J W fc. s O 1 '^ W tn • J M < -^ c ^^ ^ ,» u o H 7. ^ c h » 1 O , ri 14 > W U _ C c < -i: 'iy z; h 91 ^ < [^ ^ a j:: Pn fl '^ M ^ u X fi g u c o .a 1:3 ■£ v^ Hopkins Academy. uary 2, 1883. Although twenty children had been ])ronii.sed, only seven were there oil the morning of the first day, all living in the immediate vicinity. \Vithin a month, applications came for children living in Oakland, and they were brought to the school and taken home in the family carriage. As the number increased, a larger conveyance became necessary, and in May a large and com- fortable bus was running between Oakland and Pagoda Hill, and was soon well filled with children from all parts of Oakland. Although the situation on the hill was a most delightful one, and the ride to and from the city one of great benefit to the little travelers, it soon became evident, from the increasing numbers, that it would be impossible to accommodate them all, either in the omnibus or at the house. Accordingly, in January of the next year the school was opened at 1513 Telegraph Avenue, Oakland, in a large, sunny house, well adapted for the purpose, and, in a short time, between fifty and sixty little ones were in daily attendance. The present term began July 13, 1885, and the number enrolled, thirty-five, the older children who were in attendance the year before having gone to public .schools. The omnibus leaves the house at 7:30 A. M., to gather up the children, a teacher always being present to care for them. Two trips are made, the first to take in children from one part of town, who are lett at the house about 8:30 o'clock; the second trip is made to the opposite side of town, for the remaining children. The second load reaches the house at 9:30, the hour for oi)ening. There are two teachers in the Kinder- garten, one the principal. Miss M. A. Phelps, the other, her assistant, Miss Anna Warner, who has been with Miss Phelps from the opening of the school. Both are graduates of the California Kinder- garten Training School, of San Francisco. Mrs. C. B. Pheli)s, the mother of the principal, is of material assistance in caring for the children, always attending them in the trips to and from school. A cordial invitation is given to the public to visit the Kindergarten. Visitors are welcome on any day at any hour be- tween 9:30 A. M. and 3:00 P. M. I'or any further particulars see circular, which can be procured at the Kinder- garten, 15 13 Telegraph Avenue, Oakland. RopKiFiS MeadeFFiY. REV. H. E. JEWETT, PRINCIPAL HE academy buildings stand upon a low hill in the city of Oakland, on a line with Thirty-fourth Street, be- tween Telegraph Avenue and Broad- way. The grounds comprise several acres, a portion of which is laid out in a lawn and drives, and a portion reserved for a play-ground. The location is healthful, retired, and beautiful. It may be reached by either the Telegraph Avenue or the Broadway and Piedmont line of horse- cars. The carriage entrance is on Webster Street. HOPKINS acade:\iv. Hopkins Academy, like Phillips Acad- emy, in Andover, Massachusetts, has been founded by Christian men as a fitting school for college and for business life. It shapes its curriculum to meet the requirements of admission to any college -MEDICAL COLLEGE, CLAY STREET, BET. TENTH AND ELEVENTH STREETS, OAKLAND, CAL. 74 The Harmon Seminary. East or West, to which young men grad- uating from it may desire to apply for admission. The course of study, as usu- ally followed, recognizes the requirements for admission to our own State institution, the University of California, but any one entering the academy having in view en- trance to one of the older colleges, such as Yale, Harvard, Amherst, Williams, Dartmouth, etc., will he fitted for the institution of his choice. Those who have business life in view will be directed in their studies along a practical business course. To meet the needs of younger pupils a preparatory department is provided for young boys, and for those whose previous advantages have been limited. Believing that mental discipline is not the whole of education, this institution, 111 its relation to its pupils, exalts moral principle and Christian faith. It seeks to promote high scholarship, practical knowl- edge, and Christian character. Physical culture, by means of manly sports and friendly competitions in field games, is largely encouraged. A gymnasium, well ccjuipped with apparatus, is oi^en daily to the members of the school. The institution takes its name in recog- nition of the generous gifts of Mr. Moses Hopkins, of San Francisco, who, with others, has jjlaced the school upon a firm financial foundation. CALENDAR FOR 1 886, FIFl'EENTH YEAR. Second term begins Tuesday, a. m., January 5, 1886. (Quarterly recess, March 12-15. Year closes Friday, May 21. Field Day, April 30, 1886. (Graduating Exercises, May 21, 1886. Spencerian Business College is lo- cated at 1069 Broadway. The methods used are those practiced in the largest and best schools of the East. The rooms are centrally located, well arranged and lighted. Nothing is taught in the abstract. Principles are applied as they are de- veloped, and everything is thorough. Qerivent of Gup liadY of- the nijlHIS institution was If the year 1868, by th as established in the Sisters of the -^ Holy Name of Jesus and Mary. To the Rev. M. King, pastor of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, is due much credit for material aid and assistance rendered the institution at its inception. In 1873-74 a substantial building, three stories in height, and one hundred and ten feet long by seventy-five feet wide, was erected on Webster Street, near the head of Lake Merritt. The in- terior arrangement of this building meets every demand of a comj^lete boarding- school. The basement contains a gymnasium. The first floor contains parlors, library, and music rooms. On the second story are class-rooms, and in every part of the building modern appliances and improve- ments are to be seen. Owing to its proximity to Lake Merritt, facilities are afforded the pupils for that pleasurable exercise, boating. In addition to the branches usually taught in schools of a similar grade, the art of cooking, as a study, here finds a place in the curriculum. HE Harmon Seminary for young la- dies is situated on Atherton Street, Berkeley, near the State University. "J'he building is a fine, commodious, three-story villa, erected in 1882 and es- pecially planned for a home-like school. California Medical College. /o Both boarding and day pupils are received, and all ages are provided for. The courses of instruction are several, includ- ing a full seminary course, leading to a graduation diploma, also courses to prepa- ration for the University, and elective courses in English and French literature, science, vocal and instrumental music, etc. In music, art, and modern lan- guages, the instructors are the foremost San Francisco masters. The regular in- struction in the ordinary branches is by teachers of recognized ability and skill- The discipline of the school is firm and watchful, yet cordial and kindly. Every effort is made to secure the comfort and good health of the pupil, as well as intellectual advancement. The sanitary condition of the buildings and surround- ings is unexceptional. The institution is patronized by a large number of the lead- ing families of Berkeley and vicinity, who send their daughters as day pupils, and the boarding pupils come from all parts of the coast. A catalogue is published, which gives full description of the sem- inary. The principals are Misses Har- mon, Berkeley, California. G©FlVeFl1i. 'HIS flourishing institution was built and founded by the late lamented Mother Mary Teresa Comerford, in the year 1878, for the purpose of gratuitously educating girls. It is a large and handsome building, on the north, south, and west of which is a spacious, well-cultivated fruit and flower garden. The property on which this useful institu- tion stands was donated to the founders by James Magee, who was also one of the most liberal contributors towards the erection of this commodious convent. Opposite the convent, and fronting Addison Street, is the residence of the Very Reverend Pierce Michael Comer- ford, late vicar-general and apostolic missionary of the Mauritius, in the Indian Ocean. This pretty residence was erected by him in the year 1879, and he has since beautified it by many improvements. In the same year he became rector of the Parish of St. Joseph, in which position he has labored zealously and effectually for the welfare of his parishioners. In 1880 he erected St. Peter's free school for boys, which has a very steady attendance of pupils, taught by the nuns of the convent. And lastly, in the summer of 1883, he erected St. Joseph's handsome gothic church northeast of tlie convent It is a small but perfectly symmetrical building, and when finished will be one of the pret- tiest edifices of the kind in this country. HIS college was organized May 17 1878, by J. Watson Webb, M. D.,' and is located on Clay Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Streets, within five minutes' walk of the City Hall and Court House, and two blocks west of Broadway. It is about thirty minutes' travel from San Francisco by the half-hour ferry plying between the two cities. The plan of the building excels any similar institution west of Chicago. It is four stories in height. On the second floor are a magnificent hall, and three suits of offices. On the third floor are the amphitheater, a museum, library, and lab- oratory. The dissecting room, the best appointed on the coast, is spacious and thoroughly ventilated by means of the dome. This college is organized as the expo- nent of liberal and progressive medicine and surgery, and aims to present to the student medical science in all its breadth. a* * R *^l > K S I CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. ^ Ji 'fM^^^^i^^f^^^f^m^m- CATHOLIC CHURCH I i 3^!i .-.rv-?----— •-■ --"■^-- ■ ^~-y*—'~-' *:-avi-"!'^*^-.'^'-''- ^i 78 Field's Seminary or the Home School. They recognize truth wherever found, ir- respective of sect or school, and adopt every scientific discovery and rational idea that tends to promote the healing art. The sole aim of the college is to educate good, practical physicians and surgeons. Its course will be free from all exclusive- ness and bigotry, and will accept students with reference solely to their attainments, and not witli reference to the school or preceptors that may have taught them. The Faculty consists of ten able physi- cians and professors. The officers now are: President, D. MacLean, M. D., San Fran- cisco; First Vice-President, Colin Camp- bell, Oakland; Second Vice-President, G. (i. Gere, M. D., San Francisco; Treasurer, 1. P. Webb, M. D., Oakland; Secretary, H. T. Webster, M. I)., Oakland. Bield's SeminaPY ®^ tl^e §©me SGhQol. 1825 TELEGRAPH AVENUE. ,HIS flourishing school was founded in the autumn of 1872, by Miss Harriet N. Field. It was intended to meet the demand for a school which should give its i)upils, while acquir- ing a thorough education, the advantages of a highly cultured Christian home. Its aim has always been to combine with careful mental training, the best physical, moral, social, and religious development. The school, on the corner of Telegraph Avenue and Knox Place, is beautifully lo- cated, commanding, in front, a fine view to the east and south, and in the rear, the bay and the Golden Gate. The grounds are 140x400 feet. In front of the buildings is a large, well-kept luwn, making the place very attractive. \n the rear, there is ample room for out- door sports. The buildings, four in num- ber, the main building, the school build- ing, the cottage, and the gymnasium, are so connected that the covered walk furnishes a good place for a promenade in rainy weather. The main building, three stories high, contains the parlors, reception room or office, a well-furnished library (to which the young ladies have free access), the music rooms, young ladies' rooms, dining- room and kitchen. The school building contains the assembly room and the recitation rooms of the academic depart- ment. The cottage contains the prepara- tory rooms, the laboratory, and a class room for the sciences. The gymnasium is of good size, and has sufficient appara- tus to make physical exercise a pleasure. The studio, which is in the main building, contains a large cast of the \'enus da Milo, several small casts, and a goodly number of aids to art study. The seminary has a good collection of minerals and zoological specimens. In every department the school is well equipped, and those who have it in charge are making additions which pramise even better things for the future. The course of study embraces a thor- ough knowledge of the English branches, a good education in the sciences, an ex- tended course of history, and the best facilities for acquiring the ancient and modern languages, and a knowledge of music. Some branches are taught by lectures, and others by the use of text- books. The best and latest methods of instruction are employed. Pupils are prepared for the University of California, or for any college. The street-cars marked " State Univer- sity " pass the gate. ->->^H ilatie ypiit/epsitiv. #-- -^^-uiyijly'L/inn^^ sphe ^Fiivepsifey ©5 Galifopnia. 'HEN California framed a constitu- tion, she laid the foundation of her government so broad as to include ^^ a University, furnishing a culture complete in extent and available to all. In 1853, Congress gave to the States seventy-two sections of land for the es- tablishment of a fund for seminaries of learning, and ten sections of land to pro- vide suitable buildings for such institu- tions as that provision might call into be- ing. In 1862, through the Morrill Act, a special gift of land was made for the pur- pose of establishing schools of agriculture and the mechanic arts. This being ap- portioned pro rata, gave to California a magnificent domain of 150,000 acres. The land found a good market, bringing five dollars an acre ; a result only achieved by one other State. It has all been paid for, and passed under the control of the buyers. It was then flush times in California, and the demand for money permitted the investment of all the spare funds at ten per cent. Trustees were appointed to control the inchoate College of Agriculture and Me- chanic Arts, who met in Sacramento, June 10, 1867, and decided that it should be located somewhere in Alameda County. This brought the scheme within the sphere of the College of California in charge of Mr. Henry Durant. The Col- lege of California had accumulated con- siderable property by gift or purchase, a part of which comprised one hundred and sixty acres of land north of Oakland, in the foot-hills of Contra Costa County. The time seemed to Dr. Durant oppor- tune for uniting his languishing institution with the well-endowed Agricultural and Mechanical College, and making of the two a great practical school, satisfactory to the scientist and the average citizen. Therefore, the domain in the foot-hills was transferred to the Agricultural Col- lege, on the sole condition that it should aiaintain a Department of Letters. Of this union of ideas came the University as it exists. As is custom in older countries, and a very good custom it is, the University has received gifts from private parties, some of them of more than ordinary importance : The Lick gift, for a grand observatory and telescope, amounting in value to over $700,000 ; the Harmon Gymna- sium, with whose benefits and their donor all Oaklanders are well acquainted . ^he ^^ivePSifeY Sifsu^dg. HEN one reaches Berkeley the most conspicuous objects he sees are the buildings erected by the State on the University grounds. Prof. Soule said : " It is in area 200 acres ; is watered by numerous springs in the hills, and the collection and disposal of this will furnish hereafter abundant study and practice to the engineering stu- dent. With the spring water and surface water saved, the grounds could be thor- oughly irrigated throughout the year, and made to blossom as the rose. The lower portion of the grounds is flat and moist throughout the year, and will nourish (79) 82 The University Grounds. such irccs, flowers, and shrubs as require such soil. There is a higher plateau, upon which the various buildings have been or are to be located, forming the campus proper. Be- yond, toward the Monte Diablo Range, the ground rises into hills, the highest of which is 884 feet above tide-water, and 584 feet above the base of the south col- lego. The average height of the tract is 400 feet above tide-water. The hilly por- tion could be well utilized for forestry. The University is supplied with water from a reservoir of 38,000 gallons capac- ity, situated at the foot of Strawberry Canon, and at an elevation of 205 feet above the basement of the south college. It will carry water entirely over any build- ing contemplated. Other springs of large resources will be reclaimed and brought in from time to time. Strawberry Creek is for a large portion of the year a beautifully clear stream ; during the winter it discharges an enor- mous quantity of water, and runs between steep banks ten to fifteen feet in depth, and with a span from thirty to one hun- dred feet. Along it are found many shady, quiet nooks, gracious to the scholar, philosopher, and naturalist. The soil of the lower portion of the site is a deep, rich adobe, capable of being wrought into a soil of great productive- ness ; on the plateau it is a lighter kind. On the hills there is a thin soil of decom- posed shale rock, etc. It would be diffi- cult to find within so small an area as the University site a spot with so many varie- ties and capabilities in the way of soils, irrigation, and exposure." The College of California had caused the i^roperty to be carefully examined by l'"recl crick Law Olmstead, the well-known landscape engineer, before its transfer. He ])rcferred such division and ornamen- lation as would preserve tlie natural feat- ures and flowing outlines of the place, a plan that has since been somewhat varied. The grounds were afterward laid out by William Hammond Hall, under the directions of the Regents. The design is simple, involving winding drives, with en- trances on the south, north, and west, ser- pentine walks, and a rather sharply de- fined terrace for the main buildings. The open portions, dotted with fine specimens of live-oak, have, though un- touched, a finished park-like appearance, and are gay with wild poppies, buttercups, primroses, and blue lilies through winter and spring. The improved places are filled with evergreen and deciduous trees, shrubs, i)lants, and flowers from every quarter of the globe. A conservatory oc- cujiies one of the warmest nooks. The fields of the Agricultural Depart- ment are near the western entrance, and are, with their specimens of imported Iruits, grains, and trees, undergoing a proc- ess of exi)erimental culture, of the great- est interest to the farmer and botanist. No modern college has grounds like these. The German universities are usually in crowded cities, and without ex- ternal attractions. The English universi- ties have lawns that are ill-kept, and a few trees poorly cared for. The American colleges have not found it easy to culti- vate handsome surroundings, on account of a severe climate and ungrateful soil. Cambridge has a lawn and trees. Yale has its elms and public green. The New York colleges are much the same. The Southern colleges might do more in their softer climate, but their grounds are neg- lected and forlorn. None are so favored in climate, universal capacity of produc- tion, and beauty of outlook as this. Art might do much to aid nature, but even without art nature was never more at- tractive. The University Buildings. 83 The University grounds are yearly be- ing improved by new and attractive feat- ures that add to the beauty of location. W^e ^nix/eFsifev ByildingS. ^1 -. ■ , Off ^^ buildings are sufficiently spacious il^ and convenient for the present needs "NK of the University. The two largest *^ stand on a terrace more than three hundred feet above tide-water, and com- mand an unrestricted outlook over the bay and surrounding hills. They may be regarded as the historic structures, the nucleus of the group. The corner-stone of the Agricultural College, called South Hall, was laid in August, 1872, with pub- lic ceremonies. The corner-stone of the North Hall was laid in the spring of 1873. The architecture of South Hall is sim- ple, but handsome. The material is brick trimmed with gray stone. In con- struction it is solid and durable. It is 152 feet long by 50 feet wide, has four stories and 34 rooms, six of the rooms being 32x48 feet, and several others 20x20 feet. In its basement are the Chemical Laboratory and the Agricultural Depart- ment. On the first floor are the rooms at present occupied by the library, the sec- retary's office, and the instruction rooms of the College of Chemistry; on the floor above are the lecture hall, the museum, and other rooms needed by the Scientific Department. The north building is 166 feet long by 60 feet wide. It has four stories divided into 28 compartments, an assembly room 43x58, a philosophical lecture room 39x50, the University printing office, students' reading rooms, and various recitation rooms. Back of them, and irregularly placed on the hillside, stand two buildings of later construction,- -the Bacon Art and Library Duilding, and the College ot Mining and Mechanic Arts. The first is named from Henry Douglass Bacon, of Oakland, who gave to the University his excellent collection of paintings, sculpt- ure, and miscellaneous works of art, a library of several thousand volumes, and $25,000 to erect suitable buildings to con- tain these treasures, provided the State would add $25,000 in furtherance of the project. The State appreciated the value and intelligence of the gift, and furnished the amount required. Its outside is pre- possessing, being of brick unobtrusively ornamented with stone. The architect- ural style followed within and without is the later forms of gothic. There are, properly, two buildings in one. That fronting the west is rectangular; the rear building is semi-circular. The front por- tion is 88x38 feet. The center of the fagade rises into a tower 102 feet in height. The interior arrangements are well designed. There are broad lobbies and stairways, an elevator, reading rooms, committee rooms, store rooms, and a large art gallery well lighted from the top. The rotunda of the library portion is 69 feet in diameter and 57 feet in height. It will hold 90,000 volumes. The only other building of importance is a large and well-furnished gymnasium, built by A. K. P. Harmon, of Oakland, which can, if needed, be used for literary exercises. While the several other colleges of the State University are clustered at Berkeley, its Medical Department is, for obvious reasons, situated in San Francisco. The Medical College Building, known as " To- land Hall," in honor of its illustrious founder, is one of the most complete and stately in the country. It is located near North Beach, overlooking the (iolden Gate and the Berkeley buildings, a local- ity favoring the health and industrious habits of the students. 1 iiiji m\ M i ^^mi^^^^i^: cole: school ia^ st. £as\ PAGOUA H ! L L K) NLJ tRGAK! LN. GoR TELEGRAPH AVE a 21" ST, MISS M. A. PHELPS PRINCIPAL. BeRevQicRti ar?d Chapitable Ir^siitiutieiis. ^Lon/hirmn-^ ■^:& Institiution for? Deaf, Burr^b BF^d Blind. ;^^ ITU ATE D at the base of the higher hills at Berkeley is the above-named institution. There being plenty of ground, the architect has i)ut up a series of buildings, with plenty of space, light, and ventilation about each. Thus the dining-room, with its kitchen appur- tenances, and the sleeping apartment of the help, stands by itself, the dormitories by themselves, the schools in one block, and the work-shops in another. Between and around these are broad, graveled walks, and flower beds; before them, the ground slopes gently down, by lovely resi- dences and green fields, to the bay, while behind them the Berkeley hills rise steeply up, dotted here and there with groves of the blue-leaved eucalyptus. The Berke- ley train stops at Dwight Way Station, from which a planked sidewalk leads up through a mile and a half of beautiful country road, and though the road were twice as long and twice as rough, the journey up it would be well repaid. The present institution occupies the site of another, which was burned down some years ago. The original institution was founded by the ladies of San Fran- cisco, on March 17, i860, by the opening (80) of a school in a little house on Tehama Street, with three pupils — two girls and one boy — under the charge of H. B. Crandall, an intelligent and well-educated deaf mute. The school for the blind was commenced in the following October, with four pupils — two boys and two girls. On the iTth of December, a public exam- ination was held. Application was made to the Legislature for State assistance; this was granted to the extent of $10,000. The lady managers purchased the fifty- vara lot on the corner of Mission and Sparks Streets — a junction on the other side of the Bernal Heights- — deeded it to the State, and thereon erected a substan- tial brick building, which it is believed has since been incorporated in St. Mary's College. In the first six months, the Cal- ifornia institution increased to twenty-two pupils, and the first buildings erected, which were burned. Afterward, the pres- ent commodious ones were erected on an entirely different plan from the first ones. From that on, the institution grew and attracted public attention, and the Berke- ley site was secured. The Industrial Home for the Blind is located on Telegraph Avenue. Here they work at trades and are, in a measure, self-supporting. As the institution has lately started, we have no figures on its success. Young Men's Christian Association. 87 pggssiatii©^. 'his society was organized July 24, 1879, and continued until December 31, holding only religious services. E. S. Fowler, of San Francisco, was then called and accepted the position of General Secretary, when more definite work was planned and carried on for young men. They now have the finest rooms in the United States, outside of an association, owning their own building, and are doing a grand work for young men. Prominent business men were interested in the work, and were appointed as mem- bers of the Board of Directors, fourteen in number. They were divided into four committees, as follows: Financial, Library and Rooms, Lecture and Entertainment, and Publication. The upper part of a large building on Broadway, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, in the center of the city, was rented for fifty dollars per month, and fitted up at a cost of about seven hun- dred dollars, which made it pleasant and attractive. The audience room will seat comfortably about four hundred people. The reading-room is well supplied with reading-matter, is cheerful and attractive and adjoins the office, which is also the library, and contains nearly one thousand well-selected books. The association is now conducting twelve religious meetings each week, with wonderful success, among which is a noonday meeting that has been the means of doing very much good. Reading-rooms are open from 8 a. m. to 10 p. M. ; Sundays, from 9 to 10:30 a. -M.; 12:30 to 7:15 P. M. Young men are cordially invited to visit the rooms during their leisure hours, day or evening. The General Secretary may be found at the rooms at all hours, willing to give advice and assistance to young men in ne( d of friendly aid. Parlors are open day and evening for social intercourse. It offers free to every young man, reading and conversational rooms, writing material, directory of good boarding-houses, visitation in sickness, aid in obtaining employment, social compan- ionship, course of free lectures. All young men are invited. Strangers are especially welcome. x\ny young man of good moral character may obtain an annual ticket for $2.00, ladies same price. For membership, or further information, ap- ply to the General Secretary, at the rooms, 865 Broadway. J. M. Buffington is president of the Young Men's Christian Association of Oakland, and has recently been re-elected to that important office, for the third time. His earnest convictions and devotion to theological principles have made him prominent in the religious as in the min- ing world. He has ever taken a deep in- terest in the Sunday-school cause, and for half a century has been a constant and enthusiastic laborer in this field of relig- ious work. In 1857, Mr. Buffington removed to San Francisco and engaged in the lumber trade until 1862, when he entered upon his present avocation — that of mining secretary. While Mr. Buffington has be- come a prominent figure in mining circles, and has mixed much with those who seek to obtain from mother earth her treasures of gold and silver, yet has he not forgotten the training of his childhood and youth, or the beneficent teachings of a pious and God-fearing mother. The Alta says: The Hon. J. M. Buf- fington, of Oakland, gave the first of a series of parlor business talks to young men of San Francisco. Mr. Buffington was greeted by a crowded and enthusiastic -S^'^'X" ^\ " t ; , r Y/f y^ ■■ ETHODIST CHURCH. ■v^- ■TH^^^^ffi^--^-^' .l«m=^^'^*«^^-^» T^f^'~^r^'-^^'if^PS'S^^^'&^^'^^S*'^^^'e»i*rS^^f 00 Charitable Institutions. parlor of young men, who listened with rapt attention throughout to the speaker's -raphic, interesting, and detailed account of the shades and shadows of the early days among the pioneers of our chosen State. liadies' Relief SoeietY- [en acres of beautiful land, compris- ing fruitful field, dimpled pasture, and tasteful garden, situated half- way between Oakland and Berkeley, about two miles from either, form the domain of the Ladies' Relief Society of Oakland. On these valuable premises stand to-day two "Homes'^— a home for children and a home for aged women. The ladies of this society have supi)orted the Children's Home for twelve years; they have built and occupied the Aged Women's Home within twelve months. The society was organized in 1872 for the relief of needy women and children. The ladies of the society have taken care, in 10 years, of 41? beneficiaries, chiefly children; also, that they owned a com- modious home situated on premises 10 acres in extent, which cost $16,000 in the original purchase, and $4,000 more in repairs, and which was absolutely free of incumbrance. In this "Home" the ladies supported at that date (May, 1881) a family of 70 souls, of which 6 were em- ployes, the rest children, at an expense of $446.60 per month. Work on the Home for Aged Women was begun in June, 1882, and the building was completed in October of the same year. The corner-stone was laid with ap- propriate ceremonies on the 2 2d of July, and the city of Oakland made it a gala day. A thousand invitations were issued, and refreshments were served free on the grounds by the ladies of the board. A band of music was in attendance, and the society's kind friend, Governor Perkins, was president of the day. Rev. Dr. Aker- ley and Rev. Dr. McClure conducted the religious exercises, while Hon. C N. Fox and Harry J. W. Dam, Esq., were respect- ively orator and poet of the occasion. The whole scene was a moving panorama of children, youth, and middle-age, of comings and goings and greetings, of ve- hicles arriving and departing, of booths and refreshment tables overflowing with cheerful occupants, and of exploring parties making acquaintance with grounds and buildings, while on the air came bursts of music and sounds of laughter. homeopathic?. I^oSpitieil. MEETING was held November 15, 1877, to organize a hospital and dis- ^'4^ pensary for the city of Oakland, at which a constitution and by-laws were adopted, and signed by forty benev- olent ladies. The organization was called the Oakland Homeopathic Hospital and Dispensary Association, These ladies had long felt the necessity of such an undertaking, as the county hospital is some ten miles distant. In order to raise a fund immediately, eighteen ladies be- came life members, paying into the treas- ury fifty dollars each. The city council courteously declined to assist the ladies; but, on application to the supervisors of the county, an appropriation of forty dol- lars per month was made, on condition that they receive all the patients the supervisors might send. This virtually made this a receiving hospital for the city of Oakland. The founders of the society were pru- dent, making a small beginning, securing the services of a competent matron, but furnishing only by degrees, as the rooms were needed. Benevolent Organizations. 91 The second year was begun with $600 in the treasury, and the hospital barely furnished. The succeeding years have come and gone, showing many and varied states of the exchequer, and bringing care and some success to the interested ladies. In 1883 they moved into a commodi- ous building, No. 1057 Alice Street, and during the past year have nearly paid the indebtedness on the building. bUIbr ©§ (Deil\laRd. fHIS society was organized October 5, 1877, its objects being "to carry Christian sympathy, love, and help to all families in our midst who may need such ministrations." The officers of the association are a president, vice- president, secretary, assistant secretary, corresponding secretary, and an executive committee of seven or more persons. Membership may be had by any lady paying the sum of one dollar annually, while the payment of twenty-five dollars constitutes life membership. For the con- duct of its benefits there are four depart- ments, viz.: Fruit and Flower Mission, Sheltering Home, Industrial Committee, with head-quarters at the rooms of the association, at No. 1274 Franklin Street; and the Helping Hand School at the corner of Twenty-second and Market Streets. The association now consists of 300 members, 5 life members, and 5 1 sustaining members. ^he (laiif©i?Fiia Sl^elfeepii^g home. [his charitable institution was organ- ized in April, 1881, and was originally situated on Chestnut Street, but was afterwards removed to No. 1274 Franklin Street. It is one of the branches of the Ladies' Christian Association. The object of the home is to render aid and provide a temporary home for destitute women and children who have no habita- tion. In this place a number of mother- less children have been kindly cared for until other homes could be provided for them. Two aged women, strangers to the city, have enjoyed the hospitalities of the home for a season, until means could be provided to send them to their native places. Sixty persons in all have been members of the Home, while the number of families during the last year averaged twelve. These two associations cannot be too well patronized, fulfilling as they do woman's mission upon earth — the do- ing good to her fellow-beings. 8feheF 8FgaFiiza1ii©Hg. EBREW Benevolent Society was or- ganized in July, 1 86 1. It meets the first Sunday of each month, and its work is that of charity. Diana of California, a Danish so- ciety, was organized in 1882. Its object is to assist and relieve its members, to establish a relief fund for widows and orphans of deceased members, to assist and obtain employment for its members when in need, to improve its members socially and materially, and to create a spirit of harmony amongst the Danes in California. Fruit and Flower Mission is located on Franklin Street, between Ninth and Tenth. The object of the Mission is to carry flowers, delicacies, and clothing to the poor; Miss Nellie Smith, President. Helping Hand School is located corner Twenty-second and Market Streets. The object of the school is to teach chil- dren to sew. RESIDENCE OF JUDGE WALDO M /ORK COR . 0"^ ViNE^ARCH bEt^KfLE/ CAL. ADVOCATE OFFICE. BERKELEY, DR. W.M.HI LTOISS DRUG STORE, ns «i "ALBION COTTAGE" ADDiSON ST. BERKELEY. PROPERTrOF TRANK MOORE. ESV<. V ■?^^"ijs. .ri^-ap*^-"" ' •EASTLAKE COTTAGEI A. H.BROAD. BUILDER. BANCROFT WAY. BERKELEY. 94 Parish of Sacred Heart. Oakland Benevolent Society was organized June 7, 1869; located at No. 516 Fifteenth Street, John I. Tay, Secre- tary; the object of the association is to provide food and clothing for the poor. About 300 persons receive aid monthly. Sheltering Home is located at 1274 Franklin Street. It gives a temporary home for the poor until they are able to find work. Oakland Hospital. — This is located on Clay Street, and is conducted by Dr. Woolsey as a private hospital. Woman's Christian Temperance Union. — The work of this society may be estimated by the following subjects and committees: — Juvenile Work, Mrs. S. C. Borland; Press, Mrs. H. H. Havens; Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Mrs. S. G. Chamberlain; Evangelistic Work, Mrs. Gray; Bible Readings, Mrs. W. M. Sublette, including managers of corpora- tions to require total abstinence in their employes, Mrs. Caleb Saddler; Sabbath- school Work, Mrs. Noyes. Drawing- room Work — In Oakland, Mrs. J. C. Ainsworth. In East Oakland, Fruitvale, and Highland Park, Mrs. Mathews. Coffee House and Reading-room, Mrs. Gaskill. Prison, Police Station, and In- temperance among Women, Mrs. Gove. Foreign Work, Mrs. Dr. Brad way. Leg- islative Work, Mrs. E. W. Marston. Pre- senting Temperance in the High Schools of Learning, Mrs. G. S. Abbott. Ecclesi- astical Educational, Sunday-school and other bodies, C. A. Buekle, M. D. fPapigh ©§ Sacped heapt. I HIS parish was established in 1876 at North Temescal. Rev. Lawrence Serda was made pastor, and on the 17th of December of the same year the Most Rev. Joseph S. Alemany, Arch bishop of San Francisco, assisted by sev" eral of the clergy, dedicated the neat church edifice, which had been built dur- ing the year. It was dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Two years later the parochial residence was built, in which the clergy of the parish now reside, next to the church on Evoy Avenue, near Grove Street. In 1S80 another large building was erected next to the parochial residence. Its second story is used as a hall for meetings of the various Catholic societies of the parish, also for the Sunday- school, lectures, concerts, fairs, etc. The first story is divided into four rooms, spacious, beautifully lighted, and well- ventilated, used for school purposes. This building was dedicated to the Almighty (iod, under the invocation of Saint Lawrence, on the 27th of June, 1880, by Most Rev. Joseph S. Alemany, assisted by the rector and several other priests. The school opened with fifty-six pupils, and by the zealous exertions of the pas- tor and the excellent education imparted by the teachers, this number was increased to over a hundred before the end of one year. It is now attended by about 150 young girls varying in age from six years to nineteen years. It is a Catholic school, intended princi- pally for the Catholic girls of the i)arish. Pupils of other denominations also are received, but are not obliged to recite Catholic prayers, nor learn Catholic doc- trine, unless they choose to do so, with the express consent of their parents. The school is taught by the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, and superintended by the rector of the parish. Reverend Father Serda and his assistant. Rev. John A. Lally, with the co-operation of their parishioners, are now preparing to erect a school for the boys of the parish, to be taught by Christian Brothers, and to commence in July, 1886. fMbli© and E^Pi^alie BuildiRgs. ^^^UlJTfly-^ njXny^ ia^dgsme Buildingg. 'OAKLAND has superior buildings for public use. The Court House, City Hall, Public Library, Hall of Rec- ords, and others are well constructed and ornamental. There are handsome business blocks on Washington, Broadway, and Franklin, which comprise the principal business streets; but Broadway is the main business center, from which all the business radiates. The Bank of Savings, on corner of Twelfth and Broadway, and the Union Savings Bank, on corner of Ninth and Broadway, are substantial and well-con- structed edifices. The Everts' Block, on Broadway, has the most handsome and attractive finish. The new Coleman Block, on corner of Broadway and Twelfth Street, has a fine and showy exterior finish, and cost about $70,000. The corner store has been ele- gantly and elaborately fitted up by Messrs- Kelsey & Flint as a drug store. They have for many years occupied the opposite corner where, by using great care in select- ing pure articles, they have established a large trade. They keep the choicest toilet preparations and fancy articles. The Home Insurance Block, corner Ninth and Washington Streets, is a grand building. Numerous other business blocks on Broadway are an ornament to any street of any city. The Masonic Temple, described else- where, is one of the grand buildings of the city. Henry Matthews' large frame building, on Washington and Thirteenth Streets, is three stories high, stores below and rooms on the upper floors, and cost $i 0,000. Weber's Hotel, corner Twelfth and Franklin Streets, is built new, entirely of brick, and perfectly fire-proof. It has only been opened since the ist of Septem- ber, this year. The prices are very rea- sonable for rooms and board. It is near the railroad, South Pacific Coast, and in close communication to Seventh Street Depot. GsyFfe §©yse and §all ©f RessFds. HE County Court House is located on the west side of Broadway, oc- cupying the block between Fourth and Fifth Streets. The present building was completed in June, 1875. The structure cost per contract price, $148,550; the furniture and fixtures about $66,500. It is fire-proof. The material is brick, stone, and iron. A handsome lawn surrounds the building, surrounded by an iron fence and patent stone side- walk. The county jail is within the in- closure, which occupies a square. The Hall of Records is located on the east side of Broadway, between Fourth and Fifth Streets. The building is earth- quake and fire-proof. The work on the erection of the building was begun about May, 1879. The building cost about $70,000, the furniture and fixtures about $60,000. (95) *V.'-r fe »■«, ,^C^- '^^- ,/~ ^^^ - = .■^^4.\. ^-^ .4 .V* K^jr? DC O U- < > u _l LU q: IJLI I ^' f^. 98 Public Buildings. Q\Uy §all. HE City Hall is located in a triangu- lar piece of ground finely laid out at the head of Washington Street. It was erected in October, 1868, at a cost of about $80,000. 'I'he three upper stories were of wood, while the basement was stone. On August 25, 1877, at 9:15 p. M., the building was destroyed by fire, causing a loss of about $40,000. The fire originated in the northwest corner of the building. The City Hall was rebuilt during the summer and fall of 1878, at a cost of about $23,000. Beautiful grass l)lots surround the structure. It affords amj^le accommodations for the various city offices, and is creditable to the city. It has been appropriately fur- nished, and there are suitable safeguards against future conflagrations. A conven- ient office has been fitted up for the Mayor, and we may here observe that Mayor Playther has kept ordinary office hours except when called to other parts of the city by public business. The neces- sity for this has been made evident by the great number of persons who call to lodge information upon various matters of gen- eral interest, and also to ascertain points in which citizens are interested. There is quite enough business to occupy the time of the Mayor for several hours each day in his office. 0al\land Qbsepvafcspr. JpjURING the month of May, 1883, A. t||J| Chabot, president of the Contra ©I Costa Water Company, donated $3,000 to the city of Oakland for the erection of an astronomical observa- tory, and the purchase of an eight-inch telescope. The matter was placed in the hands of the School Department, and the Poard of Education selected Lafayette Square as the site. On the 21st of May, at 3 p. M., the corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. . The scjuare has been laid out in walks and grass plots, and set out to many beau- tiful flowers and shrubs. A few of the native live-oaks have kindly been spared, and, aSt mementoes of Oakland's name, should ever remain. fIPin©PT Rail. rinHIS drill-hall, or armory, was erected n 188^, on the corner of Central Avenue and Washington Street. The drill-hall is a splendid apart- ment, 100x60 feet in dimensions, with ante-rooms for officers and men, besides assembly rooms and parlors. The Oak- land Light Cavalry were mustered into the service of the State, September 23, 1878, with forty-nine rank and file, but their membership has reached ninety. There are now sixty-two effective members on the roll. This may be said to be the rorps (i elite of Oakland, and, as such, takes a just pride in presenting a most credit- able demeanor at every public parade. They are a fine body of men, generally good horsemen, and have a distinguished military appearance in their handsome and becoming uniforms. The social en- tertainments given by the corps are re- markable for their high standard of ex- cellence and rank among the events of Oakland's social w^orld. ffias©niG T'Omple. HE temple is semi-Oothic in style, and is 65x105 feet, and constructed of brick, granite, and San Jose sand- stone. The main entrance, on Twelfth Street, is in the form of a (iothic portico of polished granite, supported by pillars of polished black granite, with the W^f^^^-'-V.iJSijj^ ^^ '" H-8 S^ (T BaFiI\S and B§nI\iBg. j2 ^ c^^- -^^hnn/b^i/wy^--^ [HE OAKLAND BANK OF SAV- INGS has one of the most substantial brick buildings in the city, on the cor- ner of Broadway and Twelfth Street. The building was erected in 1876. Its cap- ital and reserve paid in is $500,000. The directors are: Francis Blake, Henry Rog- ers, W. E. Miller, R. E.Cole, Samuel Mer- ritt, Israel Lawton, W. A. Aldrich, E. C ject in view is the furnishing at a moderate charge of a safe and convenient place for the keeping of valuables. There are many purposes for which such a place of deposit in Oakland will jjrove, as in other cities, to be a matter of great convenience to ladies as well as to busi- ness men, such as the storage of diamonds, jewelry, silverware, valuable mementoes, bank-books, notes and mortgages, stocks, OAKLAND BANK OF SA\ I : Sessions, E. A. Haines. E. C. Sessions, President, andW. W. Garth waite. Secretary. The bank was organized August 13, 1867, with a capital stock of $150,000. which was increased to $300,000, and by further action of the stockholders was in- creased to $1,000,000. The bank draws directly on Dublin, Paris, and London. The bank has recently erected in the building at large expense a steel fire and burglar-proof safe-deposit vault. 'I'he ob- (106) t()Rxi;R i;koai)WA\ and 'iwki.I'TH sirkki'. bonds, deeds, wills, marriage records, and other valuable papers and articles. Five hundred small safes inside of the main vault are offered at a low rental, to which access can be had as frecjuently as desired. Diamonds and jewelry can be withdrawn one day and re-deposited the next. Tin boxes to fit the safes are fur- nished, which may, for the purposes of packing, be taken to the residence or can be examined at leisure, free from observa- First National Bank. 107 tion, in the private room furnished for use of ladies exclusively. Large packages of silverware, or other bulky articles, to which access is only re- quired at rare intervals, are stowed in a separate compartment in the main vault. All business entirely confidential. The only keys to the safes are delivered to the renter, and it is not possible for any person other than the renter or some person des- ignated by him, to have access to the safe or to know of its contents. UflWn EelViF?ig BelR HE UNION SAVINGS BANK of Oakland began business in July, 1869, near the corner of Broadway and Eighth Streets, the President being A. C. Henry, and the Cashier, H. A. Palmer. The capital stock was originally $150,000, which, in a few years, was in- creased to $450,000. In 1 87 1 the pres- ent building at the corner of Ninth Street and Broadway was constructed, whither they moved on the ist of May of that year. In 1875 the bank was reorganized under the Civil Code, when it separated its commercial from its saving business, and transferred the former to the Union National Gold Bank, with the same man- agement, saving the election of Hon. J. West Martin as President in the place of A. C. Henry. The status of the bank is most satisfactory. The present capital, fully paid, is $200,000, with a reserve fund of $100,000. The directors of the bank are: J. West Martin, R. W. Kirkham, A. C. Henry, Hiram Tubbs, D. Hen- shaw Ward, R. S. Farrelly, H. A. Palmer, Socrates Huff, W. W. Crane, Jr., A. A. Moore. President, J. West Martin; Vice- President and Treasurer, H. A. Palmer. The bank does a purely "savings" business, investing its funds in mortgages, etc. " Union Savings Bank Building" is illus- trated in this work, and situated on the corner of Broadway and Ninth Street. NION NATIONAL BANK institu- tion was organized July i, 1875, under the National Banking Act of the United States, and succeeded to the commercial business of the Union Savings Bank. The first officers were: A. C. Henry, President; H. A. Palm^, Cashier. The bank remained under the first management until October i, 1881, when Mr. Henry was succeeded on his resignation by H. A. Palmer, who was elected to the presidency, and Charles E. Palmer, Cashier. On March 8, 1881, the institution was changed, under the Act of Congress, to the Union National Bank, transacting its business in the same building as does the Union Savings Bank, the organ- ization of officers being identical with it save as regards the President and Cashier. m . - — fJCTHE First National Bank was origi- T >[ nally organized as the First National m Gold Bank in May, 1875. In 1876 V. D. Moody was elected to the presidency under whom, and with the same name, it was conducted. In 1878 Mr. Twombly was elected Cashier. On March 8, 1880, the institution was reor- ganized, under the style of the First National Bank of Oakland, with the same management, and in February, 1883, moved to No. 1002 Broadway, where they are now located. Financially the bank has been a success. Its officers are: V. D. Moody, President; J. E. Ruggles, Vice-President; A. D. Thomson, Cashier. Board of Directors: A. Chabot, J. E. Ruggles, G. J. Ainsworth, A. J. Snyder, W. P. Jones, V. D. Moody, F. K. Shattuck, J. C. Ainsworth, L. C Morehouse. The bank transacts a gen- eral commercial bankins.: business. UNION BANK BUILDING BROADWAV & NINTH S'^S. OAKLAND CAL. -^w --S^tS-^vz: -♦sMear^s ®f G©mmuniQili§i^.«^ -^^xn/ifl/^/my^^^ 0al\land Heppies. 'UCH enthusiasm was evinced in Oakland on August 2, 1862, on the commencement of the ferry railroad, and the initial steps being taken towards the construction of the wharf, proceedings which caused an im- mediate advance of about fifty per cent in the value of real estate. On Septem- ber 2, 1863, the railroad ferry went into operation, with the following time-table, which is produced simply as a matter of comparison between now and then : — Leave San Francisco at 7 a. m., 9 a. m., ii a. m., 2:30 V. M., 4:30 P. M., 6:30 I'. M. Leave Oakland at 6 a. m., 8 A. M., 10 a. m., i p. m., 3:30 p. M., 5:30 P. M. In regard to the ferries no better serv- ice exists anywhere. The mole and depot by the Central Pacific Railroad have added materially to the comfort of passen- gers on the main local line, while the creek route has its fair share of patronage. Add to these the boon conferred by the South Pacific Coast Railroad Company and their excellent line of ferry-boats which, landing on the Alameda side of the San Antonio Creek, transfer their passengers by a local line over Webster Street Bridge into the heart of the city, gives us travel nowhere excelled. The crowning glory of Oakland is the depot and ferry-house of the Central Pacific Railroad, and which is the largest and completest structure of the kind at present in the world, an illustration of which is herewith presented. (110) Rapid a^d Safe Tpansife. EANS of communication between Oakland and the metropolis are of the most admirable kind. The Central Pacific or Broad Gauge has five large and elegantly e(}uipped ferry-boats, three of which are in constant use, and two held as reserve in case of accident. One of these runs to the foot of Broadway, and is used largely for freight and carriage travel. Two run to the terminal depot at the end of the mole and connect with the half-hourly trains to the several Oakland stations, to Berkeley and Alameda. Twenty minutes after the boat leaves the wharf in San Francisco it arrives at the mole. Twenty minutes later the trains connecting with it have reached the furthest stations in Oakland, Alameda, and Berkeley, having deposited their pas- sengers at a score of neat little stations along the line. The local system of the Central Pacific, including its branches to P2ast Berkeley and West Berkeley, is about twenty miles in length, and represents, with terminal depot, mole, buildings of all kinds, track, boats, and rolling stock, a capital of not less than $3,000,000. The boats and rolling stocks required for the service may be tabulated as follows: — Passenger Coaches 75 Locomotives 15 Boats 5 Trains (daily average) 190 Central Pacific Depot. Ill Bqb HE buildings comprising the depot cover nearly four acres and a half. They have a frontage on the bay of 240 feet, and a total length of 1,050 feet. Their architectural design is simple yet symmetrical and pleasing, the main point considered in their construction being the convenience of travelers and quickness and ease of transfer. The stairways are broad, the waiting-rooms large and well lighted, the floors smooth and solid, and all furnishings and appoint- ments neat and appropriate. The structure includes five buildings grouped according to a general design — a main central building with which four others are aligned. Of these the two larger begin at the eastern end of the central structure and extend on either side of it down the arms of the slip. They are each 720 feet in length by 60 feet in width. They are for the accommodation of the local travel alone. The main structure, whose western end is in a line with the end of the mole, is 450 feet long by 120 feet broad and 60 feet high. Its seaward elevation is flanked by two towers 85 feet in height. The second floor is occupied in great part by the main waiting-room, an immense apartment extending the full width of the building, 120 feet, and having a length of 70 feet, with a height of nearly 50 feet. It will accommodate 3,500 people. Light is admitted from the top as well as from windows on all sides, which afford a view of the vast interior, the broad ex- panse of the bay, and of San Francisco. The roofs are of iron and glass, through which the light is admitted so freely as fairly to flood the spacious interior. All the rooms are warmed by steam, though the climate requires but a slight degree of artificial heat. Though the building ac- commodates the overland and State travel, it is chiefly the result of the suburban needs of San Francisco and Oakland. The mole and Terminal Depot have cost not far from $1,500,000, and it is safe to say that, considering this vast expenditure, and the value of the tracks and appurte- nances of these local roads, no similar amount, outside of London, has been ex- pended anyvvfhere in the world to facilitate intercourse between any large city and its immediate suburbs. Over 600,000,000 passengers annually pass over this ferry. ^1 — : JJfjHE western terminal station of the 'jj:| Central Pacific Railroad rests upon ^fX a pier of earthwork and rock run- ning out into San Francisco Bay from its eastern shore a distance of one and a quarter miles, having a wharf and ferry slip at its western extremity. The mole reaches to a height of ten feet above high tide, with a width sufficient for a double-track railroad and a passenger depot, to be 200 feet wide and 900 feet long. The material, 1,000,000 cubic yards of rock, was transported in cars, a distance of nearly thirty miles. Work was commenced in June, 1879, and com- pleted in 1 88 1. Four parallel tracks extend from the Oakland shore, a distance of 4,800 feet, and thence to the terminus; additional tracks (twelve in all) are laid, ten of which pass through the depot building. From the western end of the rock-pier extends the pile-work forming the ferry-slip, and foundation for a portion of the main wings of the depot building. The slip is 600 feet in length by 177 feet in width at its entrance, and has a sufificient depth of water for the largest ferry-steamers at the lowest tides. filler T. OA)fi. «Ai>. '■\>^ii^Af■^'-^ ^ RESIDENCE OF J. S. BENNETT, ENCINAL AVE. ALAMEDA,CAL M: m m ■?';: w 114 Street-Car Lines. Fr?Ge Railpoad Rideg. HK Central Pacific Railroad is prob- ably the only railroad in the world that furnishes ffre rides to all that wish to travel in or through the city. Every half-hour during the day long trains of passenger cars, going either way on Seventh Street, are patronized by all classes, rich and poor, white or black, American or Chinese, without cost. The length of this free ride is from the West Oakland Station along Seventh Street about five miles to East Oakland. People can get on and off at any of the following stations: — West Oakland, corner \\'ood and Seventh; Ce?iter, corner Seventh and Center; Adeline, corner Seventh and Ade- line; Market, corner Seventh and Market; Broadivay, Seventh, between Washington and Broadway; Oak, Seventh and Oak; Clinton, foot of Fifth Avenue; East Oak- land, foot of Thirteenth Avenue; Fruit- vale, and Alelrose. ^©yfch Pa(iifiQ ReiilFsad. flifHE South Pacific Coast Railroad Company, or the Narrow Gauge as it is popularly called, has three large and fast boats, which run to Alameda and connect with a train to Fourteenth Street in Oakland. The trains run along the south training wall of Oakland Har- bor and crossing the estuary at Webster Street continue up to Fourteenth Street. This route is some minutes (juicker than the old route, and when extended beyond its present limits will be a very popular line. It first began business in 1878 and has rapidly increased in favor. Nothing can be more invigorating to the tired and perplexed merchant, or to the weary clerk and mechanic, than this short daily excur- sion by water, to which is added a brief trip by rail among orchards, gardens, cot- tages, and beautiful homes. This road also contributes its share of trade, tapping, as it does, the fertile valleys of Santa Clara and the rich country bor- dering the line between this point and Santa Cruz. This road is a favorite mode of transport for excursionists desir- ing to reach the famous summer resorts of Santa Cruz and the intermediate points of Felton and the Big Trees. The future of Oakland as a terminal point is full of great possibilities, and with an increase of trade and population will rival any similar point in the country. The depots of the various lines are expen- sive structures, built with a view to public convenience and easy transfer of passen- gers and freight. This road also runs trains every half- hour directly from Oakland to Alameda. This is the popular route to Alameda Baths and Neptune Gardens. Sfepeeti-GeiF liines. HERE are eight horse-car railroads in this city which have an aggregate length of about thirty-five miles. Nearly all lines connect at the corner of Seventh Street and Broadway on arrival of trains. Oakland and Alameda cars leave Piroad- way at Seventh Street for Park Street, Alameda; time, thirty-five minutes. These cars carry passengers to the Neptune Ciar- dens and Baths. Highland Park and Fruitvale cars leave East Oakland for Fruitvale, passing through Highland Park and stopping at the Hermitage. San Pablo Avenue line of cars leave Broadway and run along San Pablo Avenue to the Fair Grounds and Race Track to the section of the city called P2meryville. Street-Car Lines. 115 Telegraph Avenue street-car line leaves Broadway and Seventh Streets every seven minutes for Temescal; there connection is made with the steam dummy for Berkeley and the University. Broadway and Piedmont cars run from Seventh and Washington to Mountain View Cemetery and Piedmont; running time, twenty-five minutes. This is a very popular line. Passengers reach Blair's Park by this route. Cars leave on arrival of trains at Broadway Station. Fourteenth street-car line runs from Seventh and Washington to Sixteenth Street Depot, also Wood Street, Point Station; running time, twenty minutes. Leave Seventh and Washington every half-hour. Oakland, Brooklyn, and Fruitvale street- cars run from Seventh and Broadway to Thirteenth Avenue, East Oakland; run- ning time, twenty minutes. These cars pass Tubbs' Hotel and Lake Merritt Boat House. Market street-cars run from the junc- tion of Market and the Central Pacific Railroad, along Market and Adeline to Thirty-second Street. The City Council of Oakland has granted a franchise to J. G. Fair, Esq., the San Francisco capitalist, to operate a street railroad by cable or animal power from Broadway and Seventh Streets through Grove Street. One of the important and convenient ways of reaching Berkeley is by means of the Telegraph Avenue Street Railway and Dummy line. This road begins at Seventh and Broadway, where it makes close connection with the local train of the Central Pacific Railroad, and, running the length of Telegraph Avenue, connects with the Dummy line at Temescal, which has its terminus at the University Grounds. The trip from Broadway to the University is made in about forty minutes. A trip over this line gives one a fine view of the Golden Gate, and many of the beautiful residences which line the way. The cars begin their trips at 5:35 a. m., and run till 12:35 P- m. During the busy hours cars run every seven minutes. EFsadwaYeiFid f iedm®Hti dsiFS" HE Broadway and Piedmont Street Railroad connects Piedmont with the Broadway Station. A ride upon it during the pleasant weather of winter or in the early spring is like a de- lightful excursion into the country. It winds up to its destination through green fields belonging to Walter Blair, its builder, through blooming orchards and tree-bor- dered avenues, across or through which the cities by the sea and far-off villages and hills are visible. Horse railroads are usually prosaic means of traveling, but a trip by this one has the veritable air of ro- mance, and no visit to Oakland is complete without it. Branches of this road connect with Oakland Point and Alameda. This is the line that passes the en- trance of Blair's Park, a beautiful resort lately opened and free to visitors. fllemeda ai^d Ba^leiFKi GaPS. It may be interesting to the public generally to know that, aside from the steam cars that make hourly and "^ half-hourly trips from Oakland to Alameda, there is the Oakland and Ala- meda horse-car line that makes its reg- ular trips every half-hour during the day, connecting at Seventh and Broadway with the Central Pacific Railroad local trains to and from San Francisco. The cars run from Oakland to the Alameda Baths (fare five cents), giving passengers the shortest, cheapest, and most direct route to these resorts. *«t^^-fe ^-^ \ "%^ ^ " "' ' EVERTS BLOCK BROAOWAy 8, IP" STPEETS OAK ELLIOTT LITHOGRAPHING ESTABLfSHMEINT rc\ BROADWAY. OAK z.^j^.^^m'^-r^-rM, SALL I.I.. ., - ..i- /iL^r/iLDA FbRi^j'iLRE FALiuRV IZ^'^A. rP ufLU6i OAK ^ ^Lan/iyinrm^^ East 0al\leind. WAST OAKLAND was a separate TJ^ township until 1872, wlien it, by vote ^\ of the inhabitants, became a part of ^ Oakland and constitutes the Seventh Ward. East Oakland, or, as it is com- monly called, Brooklyn, is that part of Oakland lying east of Lake Merritt. Brooklyn, in addition to being a delight- ful residence locality, shows signs of greater business activity than almost any place of its size in California. The manufacturing interests are as follows: The only cotton mill in the State, a jute sack factory, employing about four hun- dred and fifty men, two tanneries, two breweries, a steam flouring- mill, an exten- sive terra-cotta manufactory, two potteries, a planing-mill, sash, door, and blind factory, and a number of wagon manufac- tories and repair shops. There are several railway stations along the Central Pacific within the township, and, with the street railroads and excellent carriage drives, all parts are made acces- sible, and many of the inhabitants of Brooklyn transact daily their business in San Francisco. Brooklyn is accounted one of the most desirable suburbs of San Francisco, and in summer many business men of that city resort hither on account of the quiet nnd picturesque retreats here afforded Then are many large residences and numerods pretty cottages. Of these we have been permitted to represent in thi.^ work those of Geo. R.Williams, 11 13 (118) Eighth Avenue, and G. E. Yates, 1354 Tenth Avenue. These are representative handsome homes, which abound in that section. Fruitvale is two miles and a half from East Oakland, and connected therewith by a horse railroad. It lies embowered in the hills just where Sausal Creek emerges from the Coast Range. An in- tervening ridge excludes the sea wind and creates an atmosphere of almost perpetual summer. A lonely valley in the heart of the Sierra could hardly have an air of greater quiet and repose. The residents are principally retired merchants, and persons engaged in raising fruit. A visit to these vineyards and cherry orchards is one of the attractions of Oakland. It is the fame of its fruit that has given name to the locality. §ighlaFid fai?!^. IGHLAND PARK is on elevated ground not far from the Brooklyn Station. It is one of the two points, in the neighborhood of Oakland, where the local road approaches the hills. It is therefore near the city, and yet in the heart of the country. Fifteen minutes' walk from the station and five minutes' ride on the street railroad, brings the vis- itor into the midst of shady canons and green hills covered with eucalyptus, cy- press, and locust, villas surrounded by neat lawns, and all the evidences of city refinement joined with rural comfort. Lake Merritt. 119 Ten years ago, when E. C. Sessions, the owner of the tract, began his improve- ments, it presented the smooth, round out- lines of all the foot-hill region. He had it laid out after the best principles of landscape gardening, and resolved that it should not be parted with, except to per- sons who would build well and continue the generous system of ornamentation which he had inaugurated. The protect- ive rules he established have been enforced. The property is sold in ample sub- divisions, or lots, none of which have less than loo feet front. The smallest are therefore large enough to contain large houses with lawn, garden, and the usual suburban accessories- The residences are built on the crests or higher portions of the hills, with grounds sloping into the depressions, so that Oakland, San Fran- cisco, and the ample features of the broad landscape, can be seen from every tower and balcony. The water is brought into every house from one of the reservoirs of the Contra Costa Water Company. All can have gas who desire it. The public schools are within a few blocks, and speedy means of communication permit the daily attendance of residents at any one of the private schools of Oakland or Berkeley. Liaise Meppitili. 'HIS fine sheet of water is located within the limits of the city. It separates the central portion of East Oakland, covers an area of 240 acres, and is nearly five miles in circumference. It is a clear and wholesome sheet of water, a rare ornament to the city, and a beau- tiful feature of the landscape. Persons living along the lake provide their own boats for family use. It is a popular re- sort, and on summer afternoons its sur- face is dotted with the white sails of small crafts. Boats can be hired at boat-houses situated at the Twelfth Street crossing. Horse-cars pass along Twelfth Street and take passengers directly to the boat-house. A magnificent boulevard is about be- ing constructed around the lake. This will give a drive of somewhat over three miles, rivaling in completeness and pict- uresque loveliness anything artificial in the world. The plans provide for the construction of a boulevard 150 feet wide, nearly the entire distance to be taken up as follows: Next to the shore a side-walk, 10 feet in width; then a single horse-car track for cars going out; next to this two carriage ways, each 40 feet in width, the one divided from the other by a row of trees, so that people making the circuit from one direction will all travel the same way, those coming from the other direc- tion passing on the other drive, thus avoid- ing any clashing or confusion, and in a large measure providing against accidents. Next to the carriage way is to be con- structed a separate and distinct track, 24 feet wide, for the accommodation of equestrian parties; next to this a second horse-car track for returning cars. An- other side-walk, next to the bulkhead and lake, will occupy the remainder of the width of the way. The new boulevard would form a munic- ipal pleasure-ground and breathing-place, equal for beauty of outline and capacity for improvement to any on the continent. When the improvements are completed, as they are sure to be within a few years, there will be nothing of the kind in the world which will excel in loveliness this little sheet of water with its splendid res- idences, its green lawns filled with semi- tropical shrubbery terraced to the water's edge, its distant prospect, its white sails glistening in the sunlight, and its circling lights glowing and glistening with fairy- like splendor at night. '->'>H s^ ^r s. JZ ^ M<- .^jg^. QiUj QffiGeFS. ;E city is governed by a board of seven councilmen selected from the different wards. The Mayor is elected by the people annually. E. W. Playter is the present Mayor, having been elected in March last. In his first message he recommended that large retrenchments be made in expenses of running the city government, and in no way, said he, can we do more to pro- mote the growth and prosperity of our fair city than by a rigid economy of ad- ministration. The Mayor is a native of New Jersey, and came to this coast from Buffalo, New York, in 1852. He settled in Oak. land in 1864, where he has resided since in the handsome residence illustrated in this work. The Council is composed of the follow- ing members: J. L. Carothers, J. H. Smith, T. L. Barker, T. G. Harrison, John Hackett, James McGiveney, and Henry Hayes. Mr. Cutter is President of the Council. G. M. Fisher is City Clerk and Treasurer; James M. Dillon, Assessor, and C T. Johns is City Attor- ney. (122) i©IiGe and BiFe Depar?tmer^t. HE city is districted into some eleven districts, patrolled by eighteen regu- lar police officers. One police officer is detailed to patrol all the local trains; '• there are two detectives; two sergeants, who patrol all over the city, keeping the officers in view at odd hours and places; one bailiff, two jailers, and one clerk. It will be observed that the territory em- braced in several districts is of large ex- tent, and it would be impossible for an i officer to make more than one or two I rounds in twelve hours. Yet this force i has no difficulty in keeping an orderly city, and few disturbances of magnitude occur. ' The Fire Department was organized March 13, 1869, and is at the present time i composed of a chief engineer, two as- : sistant engineers, and a superintendent ! of tire alarm and police telegraph, while I its force consists of 4 steamers, 5 two- wheel hose-carts, carrying 3,700 feet of hose, 2 hook and ladder trucks, 64 officers and men, 182 hydrants, 5 cisterns, and 46 fire alarms. Water for the use of the department is supplied by the works of the Contra Costa Water Company. Real Estate and Valuations. 123 MaY©i^S ©f Bal^Iand. [he Mayors of Oakland, in the order of their election, are as follows, be- ginning with theyear of incorporation of the city: — tRs4- Horace W. Carpentier. 1870. A. Williams. iSsS- Charles Campbell. 1871. U. W. Spaulding. i8s6- S. H. Robinson. 1872. U . W. Spaulding. t8s7. A. Williams. i»73. Henry Durant. t8s8. A. Williams. 1874. Henry Durant. T8=;q. F. K. Shattuck. I87';. Mack Webber. 1860. J. P. M. Davis. 1876. E. H. Pardee. 1867. J. P. M. Davis. 1877. E. H.Pardee. T867. George M. Blake. 1878. W. R. Andrus. 186:5. W. H. Bovee. 1879. W. R. Andrus. t86.i. Edward Gibbons. 1880 James E. Blethen i86s. B. F. Ferris. 1881. James E. Blethen tS66. J. W. Dwinelle. 1882. C. K. Robinson. 1867. W. W. Crane, Jr. 1883. J. West Martin. 1 868. Samuel Merritt. 1884. A. C. Henry. 1869. John B. Felton. 1885. E. W. Playter. Sal^land Real Esiiatie. j^ — "Following is the estimated value of lands and buildings belonging to ^*4( the city of Oakland, the estimate having been made by City Assessor Dillon:— Fur'e & Property. Land. Bldgs. Apprtus. Prescott School - $ 7,600 $23,500 $4,500 Cole " 8,925 32,500 4,000 High " 10,700 33,000 7,000 Tompkins " 4,800 20,000 4,500 Grove Street School 6,500 3,000 1,000 Lafayette School 28,000 12,000 3,000 Durant " 4,000 29,500 3)70o Lincoln " 16,000 26,000 4,000 Harrison " 2,000 600 New Broadway School 7,000 10,000 1,500 Swett School 5,000 5,000 800 Franklin " . . 12,000 23,000 3,000 32d Street, lot 2,400 17th and West, lot 3,200 East 14th Street, lot 1,100 Total School property. .. .$110,225 $209,500 $36,100 Fur'e & Property. Land. Bldgs. Apprtus. City Hall $140,000 $45,000 $10,000 Library Building 2,500 11,300 City Wharf 45,000 20,000 Telegraph Dep't 21,400 Street Dep't 2,765 Fire Dep't Property 10,700 13,614 57.891 Lafayette Square 28,000 Jefferson " i6,ooo Washington " 90,000 Franklin " 75.000 Harrison " 17,000 Oakland "' 28,000 Lincoln " 28,000 Plaza near Lake 6,000 Clinton .Square 14,000 Independence Square 25,000 Totals $631,425 $290,614 $139,456 Total value of all property owned by the city. . .$1,061,495 Total value of the school property 385,824 VALUATION OF PROPERTY. The following is a tabulated statement of the assessment and tax levy of this city, from i854to 1885, inclusive. Copied from the Tribune: — FISCAL VE.AR. 1854-55 1855-6 1856-7 1857-8 1858-9 1859-60 1 860-1 I 861-2 1862-3 1863-4 i»68-9 1869-70 I 870-1 1871-2 1872-3 1873-4 1874-5 1875-6 1876-7 1877-8 1878-9 V.ALUE OF RATE I'ROl'EUTY. OF TAX. 1 100,905 $x 50 $ 1,513 58 428,662 50 6,429 93 402,318 50 6,034 77 354.275 50 S.314 13 not comp. 50 not comp. not comp. 50 not comp. not comp. 50 not comp. not comp. no rate not comp. 581,121 00 5.8x1 21 794.121 00 7,941 12 970,125 00 9,721 12 1,107,949 00 12,187 44 1,434,866 60 8,609 20 1.832,438 00 18,344 ^8 3.364,078 00 33,640 78 4,257,204 2S 53,215 05 4.563.767 25 57,016 72 5.215,704 50 78,235 56 6,647,039 25 83,087 99 18,528,303 70 129,698 12 19,869,162 qo 178,822 46 22,200,706 88 195,366 21 24,000,712 88 211,206 26 28,845,028 88 227,436 23 27,730,109 OS 291,166 14 28,348,778 oq 309,001 68 28,691,610 iq 341,449 04 28,238,631 05 296,526 40 28,289,650 01 285,751 89 28,353,338 80 226,861 32 28,794,919 75 215,970 00 29,217,050 98 286,327 77 The annexed table shows the condition of the City Clerk and Treasurer's accounts for the year ending August 31, 1885, and the city's financial expenses for one year: — Total receipts for year ending Aug. 31, 1885 . . .$501,940 27 Total disbursements from September, 1884, to Augu.st 31, 1885 457,953 06 Cash in the treasury on August 31, 1885, as per cash book 43,987 2 1 Grand total ,.$501,94027 The following statement will give a good idea of the extent of the city, the dis- tances reckoned from the post-ofiice: Ala- meda, 3^ miles; Neptune Gardens, 2 miles; Berkeley, 4 miles; Fruitvale, 2^^ miles; Lake Merritt, |^ mile; Lakeside, 2 miles; Mountain View- Cemetery, 2^ miles; Piedmont Springs, 4 miles; Temer. cal, 23^ miles; Emeryville, 2 miles; West Berkeley, 4^ miles; State University Buildings, 4 miles; Deaf and Dumb In- stitute, 3^ miles; Blair's Park, 3 miles. ^^ WEST SERKELEY FLArxlllMG MILL. EO.F.NIEHAUS ^ BROS. i'iV.A*,A.A;jRi- '. ■ i ' EAST BERKELEY PLANING mILLT'"""*"" 126 Municipal Matters. WlFiQ GifeY Wapds. HERE are seven wards in the city. If Total area of land in city, 4,883 acres, or 7.629 square miles. The fol- lowing are the boundaries and the number of acres in each ward. First — 1,268 acres; bounded by north- ern boundary line of the city, Adeline Street, and water front (bay of San Fran- cisco). Second — 764 acres; bounded by north- ern boundary line of the city, Cemetery Creek, Eake Merritt, Twentieth Street, and Adeline Street. Third — 302 acres; bounded by Twenti- eth, Broadway, Tenth, and Adeline Streets. Fourth — 312 acres; bounded by Tenth Street, Broadway, estuary of San Antonio, and Adeline Street. Fifth — 216 acres; bounded by Twenti- eth Street, Lake Merritt Estuary, Tenth Street, and Broadway. Sixth — 236 acres; bounded by Tenth Street, estuary, and Broadway. Seventh is what is called East Oak- land. SaKIei^d et Gld. HIRTY years ago nearly all of Ala- meda County was included in Contra Costa. Courts were held at Mar- tinez. In the evening the fandango was the great entertainment of the whole court — judge, jury, sheriff, and prisoners — all in the mazy dance. The major, from Oakland, waltzed on the floor with a buxom senorita. A fandango room was usually sur- rounded with benches, and in an adjoin- ing room a bar, where it was incumbent upon the dancers to take the value of a couple of dimes in licjuor or lemonade after each dance, in compensation tor the amusement- The music usually consisted of two Spanish harps, on which the Mexi- cans are adepts at playing. But times have greatly changed. Oakland was incorporated March 25, 1S54, with seven councilmen, mayor, etc. In i860 its population was 15,200. In 1880, 39,175, and estimated for 1885 at 46,000. EMBERS of Board of Supervisors: — Henry Dusterberry, District No. i; Thomas Molloy, District No. 2; Bart Morgan, District No. 3; J. J. Hanifin, District No. 4; Wm. S. Pelouze, District No. 5. J. J. Hanifin, Chairman; Chas. T. Boardman, Clerk. Judges of Superior Court — District No. 1, Noble Hamilton; District No. 2, E. M. Gibson; District No. 3, W. E. Greene. Members of Assembly — W. H. Jordan, T. C. Morris, J. F. Black, Geo. W. Wat- son, Walter M. Haywood, F.J. Moffitt. County Officers — County Clerk, Chas. T. Boardman; Auditor, Chas. T. Board- man; Recorder, F. D. Hinds; Treasurer and Tax Collector, J. A. Webster; Sheriff, W. E. Hale; Surveyor, George L. Nus- baumer; Superintendent of Public In- struction, P. M. Fisher. Senators — Geo. E. Whitney and Henry Vrooman. 4tLiitepatiUPe and MpI.i^- -'■^lyx/l/b^Umn^^ Bi?fe and pplisfeg. ijAKLAND can lay claim to little in the way of variety of art work. It has some fine photographic estab- lishments, among which is the fine gallery of W. W. Dames, which has been sketched and lithographed for this work. It is well worth a visit by those who ad- mire artistic work. The lithographic art has only one rep- resentative establishment in Oakland — that of W. W. Elliott, 921 Broadway, where several artists are constantly em- ployed. The Ebell Society is one of the most noted of literary organizations, which meets for mutual improvement of its members and other literary work. 'ARDLY a m.onth passes," says the Oakland Times, "that does not see the founding of some new and important business enterprise in this city. The latest of these is the open- ing of a lithographic printing establish- ment, by W. W. Elliott, at No. 921 Broad- way. Mr. Elliott is well known on this coast, where he has for a number of years followed his profession. During this time he has published a number of excellent and beautiful works, descriptive and illus- trative of more than half the counties in the State, as also of Idaho and Arizona. These works illustrate the scenery and re- sources of California admirably, and will no doubt attract much attention and add to the prosperity of the State. "Mr. Elliott has printed maps of differ- ent localities, and his late issue of the only complete map of Idaho ever pub- lished, has met with a large demand in that locality and in the East. He has lately completed Nutting's Map of '100 miles around San Francisco.' A reporter of this paper who visited his establish- ment was shown a number of samples in the line of bank checks, letter heads, and various styles of business engraving and lithographing. "Oakland business men who have the interests of their city at heart, will do well to consult Mr. Elliott before giving their orders to other parties. His work is quite as good as any and much superior to a good deal that is done in San Francisco. It is the only lithographing in this city.*' 0eil\land ^ewgpapei?S. jfHERE are numerous daily, weekly, and monthly publications of ability, of which much might be said in favor. We give the following list: — The Oakland Evening Tribune was started on Saturday, February 21, 1874^ by Ben A. Dewes and George B. Stani- ford. It was of small size but good typo- (127) ODD FELLOWS HALL. BERKELEY. CAL. 180 Oakland Publications. graphical appearance. It was distributed free of charge, depending for support on its advertising patronage. The paper was scon increased in size, and owned and managed by different i)arties until July 24, 1876, William E. Dargie, the i)re.s- ent manager of the paper, bought out Messrs. Staniford iS: Nightingill, and he still retains control. New life and energy were put in the paper, and the proper organization of the business de- partments was fully attended to, and es- pecial attention given to that which was of interest to the people of Oakland and Alameda County. In addition to this much telegraphic and general news and well-selected miscellany were presented to its readers. Within a month after his purchase, Mr. Dargie succeeded in ob- taining the Associated Press dispatches, which no other paper in Alameda County before or since has done. At the end of the first year the business and circulation of the pajier rapidly increased. On October i, 1877, the Tribune was moved to more commodious quarters at 406 Twelfth Street, and a book bindery and job department were added. One of Hoe's double cylinder presses was pur- chased on which to print the paper, and a t'.vo-roUer cylinder press was bought for the book and job department. On No- vember I, 1 88 1, the Tribune was moved to its present central and roomy quarters at 413-417 Eighth Street. The Tribune has a circulation of about 5,000, and is found in nearly every household through- out Alameda County. It is Republican in politics, and is printed by the Tributie Publishing Company, W. E. Dargie, Man- a-^er, and T. T. Dargie, Secretary. The Alameda Encittal is the pioneer paper of the county, having been estab- lished in September, 1869. It is a large and influential journal, with a good circu- lation. It is edited and published by F. K. Krauth, at 1520 Park Street, Ala- meda. 'I'he Oakland Times is issued by the Times Publishing Company, an incorpora- tion organized October, 1878, with $100,- 000 capital. It has published a daily and weekly issue continuously from that time to date. At the present it is, in politics, independent, criticising either party, and siding with neither. It has a regular cir- culation of over 2,000 copies. Mr. J. B. Wyman is editor, and W. R. Bentley, bus. iness manager. The Oakland Enquirer was started about five years ago by the late Dan. W . (ielwicks, under the style of the Oakland Independent. The paper is now and has always been Democratic. About a year ago the plant came into the possession of Assemblyman Moffitt, who is now its sole editor and proprietor, and who has re- christened the paper the Enquirer. The office is located in the Union Bank Build- ing, at the corner of Ninth and Broad- way. It is published twice a week, has a large circulation, and is delivered by car- riers for 25 cents a month. The daily Evening Express has lately been established, and is in a flourishing condition. L. M. Allum is business man- ager, and W. W. McKaig, editor. It is quite outspoken in its views. Each de- partment is under special and efficient supervision. The Express is a well-printed publication, containing all the latest tele- graphic and local news, with well digested editorials and well-v/ritten articles on special subjects. California Medical Journal is published monthly by H. T. Webster, M. D., and is a 48-page journal devoted to medicine. The Berkeley Advocate is now in its ninth volume, and is published every week, by H. N. Marquand, who aims to give all the local news of its locality. 'i'he Berkeleyan is in its nineteenth vol- Oakland Publications. 131 ume, and is published at the office of the Students' University Press. It is pub- lished fortnightly by an associated company of students of the University of California. The Occident is also published weekly at the University of California. The Church and Sunday-school, a little paper, issued by the pastors, Sunday- school, and yoke-fellows of the First Con- gregational Church of this city, is meet- ing with much deserved success. The Brooklyn Eagle is a weekly paper published at 555 Twelfth Street, East Oak land. It is now in its second volume and its editor and publisher is W. T_ Bailey. It gives all the local news of the vicinity, and is thus made valuable to resi- dents of that part of town. West Oakland Sentinel, as its name implies, is published for the benefit of West Oakland. It is a large 8-page weekly, and is in its fourth volume. It is ably edited and managed, and is fearless in its expressions. Fonda & Co., 379 Tenth Street, are its publishers. The Alameda semi-weekly Argus is issued at Alameda on Wednesdays and Saturdays. It is a 7-column journal. Re- publican in politics, and circulates very thoroughly among the 7,000 residents of the encinal of Alameda. It was estab- lished in 1877, and its founder, T. G. Daniells, is still the sole proprietor. It is one of the most prominent interior journals in the county. The Gnostic is a 24-page monthly mag- azine, well printed, by Messrs. Fonda & Co., of 379 Tenth Street. It is devoted to Theosophy, Spiritualism, Occult Phe- nomena, and the Cultivation of the Higher Life. Its publishers and editors are George Chainey and Anna Kimball. Practical Supplemental Studies, for use in public and private schools, is a 24- page monthly, published at 520 Fifteenth Street, Oakland, by J. B. McChesney c\: Co. Terms: one copy, one year (10 months), $1.25. Five copies or more, to one address, per copy, $1.00. The Sigfis of the Times, a 16-page weekly paper, is devoted to the doctrines and interests of the denomination known as Seventh-day Adventists. It was insti- tuted in 1874, and has had a remarkably successful career, its circulation reaching 25,000 copies weekly. It is published by the Pacific Press Publishing House, at $2.00 per year. The Herald of Truth, an 8-page semi- monthly, is the organ of the Baptist Church, and the only Baptist paper issued in California. It is edited and published by Rev. G. S. Abbott, D. D., Superin- tendent of the American Baptist Publica- tion Society's depository in Oakland. The subscription price of the Herald xs $1.00 a year. The Holiness Evatigelist is an 8-page monthly journal, purporting to be " an in- dependent paper in the interest of Bible Christianity." It is edited and published by Rev. A. Coplin, 1171 Broadway, Oak- land, at 75 cents a year. The Alameda Reporter is in its second volume, and is published at Alameda by the Reporter Publishing Co. A. Megahn is editor and manager. The AVest Oakland Home Journal is published at West Oakland by M. L. Hanscom & Co., at 869 Wood Street. It gives much attention to local items, which is the chief value of a home journal. The Carrier Dove is a monthly publica- tion devoted to modern Spiritualism and edited by Mrs. J. Schlesinger, at 854^ Broadway. Oakland Ingleside is published at 969 Broadway, by John M. Lathrop, who is manager. Of amateur journals, there is published at Alameda the Bumble Bee. R. H. Magill, Jr., is the editor. 134 Oakland Publishing House. The Pacific Health Journal and Tem- perance Advocate is a bi-monthly magazine of 24 pages, yet in its first year, but meet- ing with encouraging success. It is edited by Elder J. H. Waggoner, and published by the Pacific Press, at 50 cents a year. ¥l7e faeifiG PpeSs. 'HIS popular publishing house is one of the prominent business features of Oakland. The property owned by the association is located on the corner of Twelfth and Castro Streets, and the commodious buildings are in keeping with that desirable and well-im- proved section of the city. The business of the institution is varied and extensive. Here are published and sent forth the books and pamphlets of the denomination known as Seventh-day Ad- ventists; and the well-known weekly paper, The Signs of the Times ^ which the proprie- tors claim circulates in every part of the world where the English language is spoken. Also, a variety of health and temperance works, and the Pacific Health Journal and Tempera7ice Advocate, which is rapidly gaining popularity. This house also issues valuable works of a secular character, the latest being a " History of California," beginning with the earliest voyages of the Spanish and English navigators to the Pacific Coast. The author is Theodore H. Hittell, Escp, of San Francisco, a pioneer and graphic writer of considerable note. This work is complete in two volumes of 800 pages each. Aside from proprietary publications, this establishment does a general book and job printing business, book-binding, paper ruling, blank-book manufacturing, electrotyping, stereotyping, wood-engrav- ing, etc. All the various departments are thoroughly equipped with the best facili- ties and first-class machinery. There is also kept on hand a varied supply of books and stationery, including a fine line of Bibles of all sizes, and helps to Bible study, such as concordances, dictionaries, and commentaries. Also books for the family circle and Sabbath- school library, and valuable books sold only by subscription. Of the latter may be mentioned the "Home Hand-Book of Hygiene and Rational Medicine," a very large and complete manual of diseases and remedies; by J. H. Kellogg, M. D., of Michigan State Board of Health. Also "Parson's Hand-Book of Business and Social Forms," a comprehensive and reliable aid in all the ordinary walks of life. The Pacific Press has had a successful career of over ten years, has kept pace with the characteristic enterprise of this growing city, and has done much towards spreading the fame of Oakland while building up its own extended reputation. See page 63 for illustration of the build- ing owned by this association. The publisher of this book, W. W. El liott, lithographer, Oakland, makes a specialty of getting up illustrated descrip- tive works, keeping constantly employed artists and engravers adapted to this line of work. He is also doing all kinds of letter and bill-heads, checks, drafts, and other lithographic work. "One of the finest engraving establish- ments on this coast is that under the man- agement of W. W. Elliott, at 921 Broad- way, this city. There is no better work in the liqe executed anywhere than is turned out at this place, as any one can find out by visiting his rooms, and yet some Oakland people go to San I-'rancisco to get this class of work done. Mr. I'^.l- liott's work goes into almost every county in the State." — Evepiing Express. Ii©6eifei8n ©^ BeiflveleY. Q0ERKELEY has hitherto seemed re- iO tired from the observation of the Ch, tourist and pleasure-seeker. Its story has been untold, and its charms un- sung, while its neighbors have noisily pro- claimed their virtues in the ears of the world. Seen from San Francisco on a bright spring afternoon, Berkeley seems a gray ribbon-like strip, drawn close in between the water and the hills. More nearly ob- served, it expands into a broad slope, or tilted plain, with a rise so gradual that, in crossing it, one attains a considerable elevation before he is aware that he has left the level of the ocean. Hence it has height without the effort of ascent, and those desirable accidents of height, pure air, and an ample prospect, which includes plain, valley, mountain, inlet, island, and nearly every other incidental feature of earth, water, and atmosphere, considered essential to fine landscape. This natural panorama of San Francisco Bay and the adjacent hills is specially remarkable. The town of Berkeley lies on the east- ern shore of San Francisco Bay, facing the Golden Gate. Behind it are the gen- tle acclivities of the Coast Range, broken by canons which reach far into its soli- tudes. Ben'l^eler RegideHGes. ||,j^ MONG the more conspicuous resi- dences are those of the Messrs. H. A. and C. T. H. Palmer, situated at the entrance to Strawberry Canon, on what Professor LeConte calls a ter- minal moraine, and at an elevation of not less than three hundred and fifty feet above tide-water. Houses and grounds are in excellent taste. The prospect from the point is superb. H. A. Palmer is the President of the Union Savings and Union National Banks of Oakland. F. K. Shattuck a few years ago erected a beautiful residence on the avenue of the same name. The house is surrounded by trees, shrubbery, and flowers of many kinds, to which constant additions are made. Our artist has made an illustra- tion of this place, which gives some idea of its immediate surroundings. Among our illustrations is the residence of J. L. Barker, on D wight Way. This fine house is surrounded with a great variety of choice shrubbery and orna- mental trees. Walks and carriage drives are laid out with taste and care. (135) 138 Advantages of Berkeley, Among other pleasant homes, we may mention those of Mrs. M. Hille- gass, J udge Philip Teare, C. K. Clark, F. H. Law- ton, H. B. Berryman, J- K. and Robert Stewart, and many others. The town is full of pleasant and beautiful homes. Every one here can sit down, literally, under his own vine and fig-tree. The architecture of Berkeley houses is free and of great variety. It is not lim- ited in regard to style. Touches of the renaissance are mingled with traces of the time of Queen Anne, outlines of the Swiss Qhalet, and ideas that are strictly modern and Californian. KKI, I. ()()(; SC HOOL, liERKi;i.i:V. jHE natural slope of the town location offers extraordinary facilities for a good sewerage system. Such a sys- tem has been adopted, and eight miles of main lines will soon be com- pleted. The rate of grade in the mains for their whole length is over loo feet to SAN PABLO SCHOOL, WKST BERK1;LE\ . the >ni/e, and the sewerage is discharged- into San Francisco Bay below mean tide- Plans for the construction of several miles of lateral sewers are being prepared, and they will be built as soon as the mains are ready for connecting. The building of these will be continued till the system is completed, thus making Berkeley one of the best seavered towns in this or any other State. The sewers are constructed of the best (quality of vitrified iron stone pipe, care- fully laid and jointed with best Portland cement. The capacity of the system adopted is sufficient for the needs of a population far greater than the area of the town could accommodate, their estimated capacity being ample for upwards of 80,000 per- sons, at the same time the expense for each lot of 50 feet frontage is insignificant compared with the benefits to be gained. Settlement of Berkeley. 13!) EaplY ^efefelementi of Bepl^elev- T an early date in the history of Oak- \\ land came four men to Contra Costn for pastime, expecting soon to st.j i for the East. They had been quite- successful as miners. Being men of good judgment they took in at a glance the sit- uation, and concluded to remain. They took possession of one mile square of land above Vicente Peralta grant which event- ually made them all wealthy. These names are George M. Blake, F. K. Shattuck, William Hillegass, and James Leonard. F. K. Shattuck is the only one living at this date. He has occupied a promi- nent position in the government of the county most of the time. In 1868. the site of the State University was selected, and appropriately named Berkeley. At the nearest point to it on the bay was a small village called Ocean View, the name of which was afterward changed to West Berkeley. Hence came the dis- tinction between East and West Berkeley, the former meaning the high and pictur- esque lands about the University, and the latter the western edge of the plateau near the shore of the bay. The two villages are under the same local government. They are connected by University Avenue, a broad and handsome thoroughfare, set with trees, of which the new town hall is one of the chief ornaments. The town organization was effected in 1878. Its executive power is vested in a Board of Trustees, and a school board comprising six members, two of whom re- tire every year. The care taken in plac- ing the best and most intelligent citizens in charge of school affairs indicates an earnest desire to keep the admirable sys- \ tem clean and perfect. The real life ol the town dates from the location of the University. ^'©yFidiFigS. ff.HE village of B«rkeley, besides its 'I' educational attractions, is a most |