aiss fi x ^'^^^ Hook TcTi/r^ Copwglit N" COP^T^lGHT DEPOSIT. y^Ou^VX^ THE LEGEND OF ST. JULIANA TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN OF THE ACTA SANCTORUM AND THE ANGLO-SAXON OF CYNEWULF BY CHARLES WILLIAM KENNEDY, M.A. Scribner Fellow in English Literature in Princeton University. PRINCETON The University Library X906 LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two Coofes Received FEB 24 1906 if C(W)yrl£ht ^m^ Copyright^ igo6 by Charles William Kennedy PREFACE The legend of St. Juliana exists in various forms. Although these forms vary in details, all agree that a maiden named Juliana suffered martyrdom at the city of Nicomedia in the reign of Maximian, Roman Emperor from 308-314. This material was used by Cynewulf in the eighth century in the Anglo-Saxon poem called Juliana, which was based upon the Latin prose version included, with accounts of numerous other saints, in the Acta Sanctorum. While more than eleven manuscripts of the Latin Juliana exist, and while the version printed by Holland, and reprinted by Professor William Strunk in the Belles-Lettres Edition of Cynewulf's poem, varies in many particu- lars from the Anglo-Saxon poem, it is unlikely that any Latin version will ever be found cor- responding exactly to the Anglo-Saxon. It is more likely that Cynewulf, in writing his poem, culled from the Latin legend such portions as he desired to use, than that he attempted to make a complete and literal translation. In rendering this legend into English I have followed the Anglo-Saxon and Latin texts printed by Professor Strunk in the Belles- Lettres edition. Owing to mutilation in the original text, contained in the Exeter Book, there are two breaks in the Anglo-Saxon nar- rative. In the Latin text I note three misprints. On page 36, line 3, read cogere for cogerem. On page 45, lines lo-ii, read carnem for carmen. On page 48, line 15, the repetition if in in Dominum is a misprint. I desire to express my thanks to Professor T. W. Hunt of Princeton University, at whose suggestion this translation was undertaken, for kindly criticism and advice, and to Dean Andrew F. West of the Princeton Graduate School, in this as in many other instances, for a ready and generous interest. C. W. K, Princeton, N. J., February, 1906. THE LEGEND ACCORDING TO THE ACTA SANCTORUM. I. How the holy Juliana, despising the wedlock of a heathen prefect, is sorely tortured by him and by her father. T^ HE mercy of our Saviour, rejoicing in the * steadfastness of the martyrs, hath come to this, that it hath crowned the followers of faith and cast out their enemies even from the gates of Hell. And so it came to pass that in the days of the Emperor Maximian, a persecutor of the Christian religion, there was a certain senator of the city of Nicomedia, Eleusius by name, a friend of the Emperor. He had es- poused a certain maiden sprung of noble fam- ily, Juliana by name. Her father was sur- named Africanus, and he was also a persecutor of the Christians. And although his wife, in the intent of her heart abhorred the sacri- legious worship of Mars, yet she consorted neither with the Christians nor the pagans. Moreover Juliana, being of a wise mind and an understanding heart, of worthy conversation and great virtue, pondered this, whether there be any true God who created Heaven and earth; and from day to day, being at leisure for prayer, resorted unto the church of God that she might learn the divine writings. Now Eleusius, her bethrothed, was fain to accom- plish the celebration of their marriage. But she said unto him, '' Unless thou hold the dig- nity of a prefect, I am in no wise able to be joined to thee." Hearing this Eleusius gave a gift unto the Emperor Maximian and suc- ceeded the other prefect, who was then ruling, and sat in the seat of authority, administering the duties of the prefecture. And after a few days had passed, he sent unto her anew. But Juliana, prudently de- laying the matter, said unto them, " Go and say unto Eleusius : ' If thou wilt believe in my God and wilt worship the Father and Son and Holy Ghost, I will receive thee as my husband. But if thou wilt not, seek unto thyself another wife.' " When the prefect heard these things, he called her father and told him all those words which Juliana had spoken unto him. And when her father heard, he said, " By the gods, who are kind and merciful unto men, if these words be true, I will deliver her to thee." And 8 with these words he went in great anger unto his daughter and spake with her saying, " My dearest daughter Juliana, light of mine eyes, why art thou not willing to receive this prefect who is bethrothed to thee? Behold I desire to accomplish your marriage with him/' The blessed Juliana, putting her trust in Christ, made answer, " If he will worship the Father and Son and Holy Ghost, I will marry him; but if he will not, he cannot receive me in marriage." Hearing this her father said,. " By the merciful gods, Apollo and Diana, if thou persist in this resolve, I will give thee over to the wild beasts." And Juliana replied, "Think not, my father, that I have fear of thee. By the Son of the living God, even if I must needs be burned alive, I will never yield to thee." Then again her father besought her that she submit unto him and not lose so great an honor. But Juliana replied, "Alas, father, thou dost not understand what I declare unto thee. I say truth and lie not, that I will gladly endure all torture and all judgments, nor will I turn aside from the teaching of my Lord Jesus Christ." And immediately her father bade that she be stripped and beaten, saying tinto her, " Why wilt thou not worship the ^gods ? " But she cried out and said, '' I do ioot believe, nor will I worship nor sacrifice unto idols, deaf and dumb. But I worship my Lord Jesus Christ, who ever liveth and reign- eth in the heavens/' Then her father handed her over to that prefect, to whom she was be- trothed, to be tortured. Now the prefect bade that she be brought at daybreak before his seat of judgment, and, beholding her beauty, addressed her in sooth- ing words : '' Tell me, sweetest Juliana, why so long thou hast mocked me? Who hath persuaded thee to seek after a strange god? Turn unto me and avoid those tortures which are prepared for thee if thou wilt not sacrifice." But the blessed Juliana replied, " If thou wilt consent to worship God, the Father and Son and Holy Ghost, then will I yield to thee. But if thou wilt not, never shalt thou have domin- ion over me." The prefect made answer, " My lady Juliana, yield unto me and I will believe in thy God." And the blessed maid replied, " Receive the Spirit of God and I will wed thee." To which the prefect said, " I am not able, my lady. For if I do this thing, the lO Emperor will hear of it, and appoint a suc- cessor to me and strike off my head with the sword." But the holy JuHana responded, " If thou fear this emperor who is mortal and seated upon his dung-hill, how canst thou com- pel me to deny that Immortal Emperor from whom, by great allurements, thou mayest not beguile me? Work upon me those tortures which seem good to thee. For I believe in that God, in whom believed Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, nor were they confounded, for he is able to free me from thy torments.'' Hearing this the prefect was moved to anger, and bade that she be scourged. And when the holy Juliana had been stretched out upon the earth, he bade that she be scourged, in her nakedness, with four rods, so that three sol- diers should take their turn in scourging her. And after this the prefect bade them cease, and said unto her, " Behold the beginning of thy trial! Come hither and sacrifice unto great Diana, and thou shalt be freed from torture. But if thou wilt not, by the great god Apollo, I will not spare thee." And the holy Juliana replied, " Do not believe that, with these per- suasions, thou canst turn me from my Lord II / Jesus Christ." Then the prefect ordered that she be hung by her hair. And when she had hung for six hours, she cried out and said, " O Christ, the Son of God, come and aid me ! " Then the prefect commanded that she be taken down, saying unto her, " Come hither, JuHana, and sacrifice, lest thou fail in this torture. For He, whom thou dost worship as God, will not be able to set thee free." Juliana answered and said, " Thou shalt not be able, wretched man, to overcome me with thy tortures. But I, in the name of my Lord Jesus Christ, will overcome thy cruel heart and will make thy father Satan to blush, and will find courage in the sight of my Lord Jesus Christ." But the prefect, moved to wrath, ordered that a vessel of brass be heated, and that she be stripped from her head even unto her feet, and thrust therein, and so burned. And when this was done it no wise harmed her. Then he bade that a thong be bound about her thighs, and that thus she be taken back into the prison. And when this had been done, the holy Juliana was cast into prison and began to say, "O Lord God Almighty ! My life is nigh unto its end. Strengthen me and hearken unto me 12 and pity me and those who stand grieving round about me, and show unto me Thy mercy, even as to all those who have been well pleas- ing unto Thee. And I pray Thee, Lord, do not Thou desert me because my father and my mother have forsaken me, but Thou, O Lord, my God, raise me up. And do not cast me forth from Thy sight nor forsake me in this time of sorrow, but preserve me in this torture, even as Thou didst save Daniel in the den of lions, and as Thou didst set free from the fur- nace of burning fire Hananiah, Azariah, and Mishael. And do Thou guard me in the short time of this life, and guide me into the haven of Thine intent, even as Thou didst lead the Children of Israel in their flight from Egypt, through the sea as though dry land; but the sea covered their enemies. So, O Lord ! deign to hear me and quench the wrath of this tyrant, who hath risen up against me, and destroy his power and will; for Thou, O Lord, knowest the nature of man, that it is not able to endure captivity. Be Thou, O God ! my present Aid and Helper in the tortures which this man, who regardeth not the precepts of Thy law, will bring upon me. And make that this prefect, a 13 partaker with devils, be brought to derision b^ me, and that he be consumed by worms, and afflicted with great sorrow, so that Thy might may be shown upon Thine handmaiden; for Thou alone art God and unto Thee do we ascribe the glory forever and ever. Amen." Jr i II. How a demon, urging the holy Juliana to wickedness, is scourged by her and haled away in bonds. And when she had finished her prayer, there- appeared unto her a demon, Belial by name, in the form of an angel, and said unto her,. " My dearest Juliana, the prefect is preparing for thee the most bitter torments. But only hearken unto me and thou shalt be saved. When he shall order thee to go forth from the prison, approach and sacrifice, and thou shalt escape the torture." And the holy Juliana thought that he was an angel of God, and said unto him, " Who art thou ? " The devil said unto her, " I am an angel of God. He sent me to thee that thou mightest sacrifice and not die." But Juliana with groans called most 14 bitterly upon God, and, lifting up her eyes unto Heaven, said with tears, " Lord God of Heaven and earth, do not forsake me nor suf- fer Thine handmaid to perish, but strengthen tny heart in Thy might and show unto me, who trust in Thy name, who is this that saith such things and urgeth me to worship idols." And immediately there came a voice unto her from Heaven saying, " Be of good cheer, Juliana, I who speak unto thee am with thee. Do thou lay hold on him who speaks unto thee that thou mayest know who he is.'' Then the holy Juliana arose from the ground and making the sign of Christ, laid hold upon Belial the demon/and said unto him, " Tell me who and whence thou art, or who sent thee unto me." Then the demon made answer, " Loose me, and I will tell thee." But the holy Juliana said, *' Do thou first tell me ; so will I let thee go." Then the devil began to say, '' I am the demon Belial, whom some call the Black Jopher, who am delighted with the wickedness of men, rejoicing in murder, a lover of debauchery, an embracer of strife, a dissolver of peace. I am he who made Adam and Eve to transgress in Paradise; who 15 y caused Cain to kill his brother Abel; who made all the substance of Job to vanish away. It was I who made the people of Israel to wor- ship idols in the desert, and the prophet Isaiah to be cut as wood to the saw; who caused Nebuchadnezzar, the king, to make an image, and the three youths to be cast into the furnace of blazing fire. I am he who caused Jerusa- lem to be burned and the children to be slain by Herod ; who made Judas to betray the Son of God, and I took possession of him, so that with a noose he made an end of his life/ I prodded a centurion to wound with his lance the side of the Son of God. I caused John to be beheaded by Herod. I declared by the mouth of Simon that Peter and Paul were sorcerers. It was I who entered in unto the Emperor Nero, so that he crucified Peter and beheaded Paul; and I caused Andrew to be betrayed in the land of Patras. All these and many things more grievous have I accom- plished with my brothers." The blessed Juliana said, "Who sent thee unto me ? " And the demon replied, " My i father Satan.'y The holy Juliana said, ''And \l how is thy father called ? " The demon re- i6 plied, " Beelzebub."/ The holy Juliana asked, * '* What is his work ? " and the demon made answer, " He is the contriver of all wickedness. For straightway when we stand before him, he bids us make trial of the souls of the faithful.'" The holy Juliana said, "And if he shall be overcome by a follower of Christ, what does he suffer ? " The demon made answer, " He suffers bitter and most terrible punishment. For if we are sent against a just man to per- vert him, and if we are not able, we are not received into his sight by whom we are sent. But when we are sought for by him and are not found, he bids other demons that, when that messenger shall be found, he be evilly en- treated by them ; then he flees away and is in no wise able to be come upon. Therefore we must needs do that which he bids, and hearken unto him even as unto a loving parent." The holy Juliana said, " To what just works do ye set forth, tell me this." And the demon re- plied, " Behold, my lady, I will tell unto thee all things, that thou mayest know truth from me, how I came hither with evil intent unto thee, and thought to induce thee to sacrifice and to deny thy God. So we enter in unto all men, both I and my brothers. 17 *'And when we find any man to remain wise in the work of the Lord, we cause him to seek after many lusts, turning his mind unto those things which we set before him, and causing blindness in his thoughts; nor do we suffer him to persevere either in prayer or in any good thing. And again, if we behold some men resorting unto the church and afflicting themselves for their sins and desirous of hear- ing the Divine Scriptures, that they may re- tain some part of them, immediately we enter into their homes and do not permit them to accomplish any good thing. And we instil into their hearts many opinions. But if any one of them shall be able to overcome us, and shall turn aside from his vain thoughts and go to prayer, and to listen unto the Holy Scrip- tures, and to partake of the divine sacrament, we are cast headlong into flight by that man. For when Christians partake of the divine sacrament, from that hour we withdraw from them. For we have no care of any matter except only to corrupt men who live right- eously. And if we behold them accomplishing any good thing, we bring bitter thoughts upon them, so that they may follow after our de- sires." i8 The holy Juliana said, " Unclean spirit, in what manner dost thou presume to thrust thy- self among Christians? " The demon replied, " Do thou also tell me in what manner thou hast dared to lay hold on me, except because thou dost put thy trust in Christ. So also I trust in my father, who is the author of evil deeds, and those things which he desires I do. Many an evil have I attempted to accomplish, and sometimes the ways of my desire have prospered. But now, with what misfortune have I been sent hither unto thee! Would I had never seen thee ! Alas, what misery do I bring upon myself ! Wherefore did my father not perceive what the event would be? Do thou loose me, that perchance it may be per- mitted me to go unto another place. For I will accuse thee unto my father, and it will not be well with thee." Then the holy Juliana bound his hands behind his back and placed him upon the earth, and seizing one of the thongs wherewith she had been bound, she scourged that demon. Then the demon cried out beseeching her, and saying, " My lady Juliana, beloved by the apostles, consort of martyrs, companion of the patriarchs and 19 friend of angels, I adjure thee by the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ to have pity upon my misery." The holy Juliana said unto him, " Wilt thou confess, unclean spirit, to what man thou hast worked an injury?" The demon made ans- wer, " I have blinded the eyes of many ; the feet of others have I destroyed; some I cast into the fire; some I hanged; some I made to belch their blood ; others I plunged into the sea. Some I made to end their lives by violence, and others to torture themselves in their madness by their own hands; and in short, all evils which are in the world are accomplished by my design, and I myself perform them; and others, whom I found without the sign of Christ, I slew. And when I did all these wrongs, no one dared to torture me as thou hast done. No one of the apostles laid hold upon my hand ; but thou hast even bound me. No one of the martyrs beat me ; no one of the prophets wrought upon me those injuries which I endure from thee. No one of the ^ patriarchs laid hand upon me. ^But I even ^ made trial of the Son of God in the desert, and made Him to ascend into an high moun- 20 tain; and unto me He did nothing, and dost thou thus rack me with torments ? O Virgin- ity, against us what armour dost thou bear! O holy John ! why hast thou revealed thy vir- ginity against us ? " / And as the demon spake, the prefect bade them bring Juliana from prison unto him. And the holy Juliana, as she was being led thither, haled with her that demon. But the demon besought her, saying, "My lady Juliana, loose me ; do not longer make me a scorn unto men, for never afterwards will I be able to overcome mankind. Thou hast conquered my father, and vanquished me ; what further dost thou wish? The unbelievers say that the Christians are merciful, but thou unto me hast seemed most bitter.'' And as the demon de- clared these things, Juliana dragged him through the forum. And when he had be- sought her for a long time, she cast him fortb into a place filled with dung. III. How the holy Juliana, having been tor- tured in divers ways, is beheaded; and how one hundred and thirty are converted by her ; and how her body is translated. 21 V / And as she came within the hall of the gov- ernor, her countenance seemed glorious unto* all. And when the prefect had gazed upon her, he beheld her with admiration and said,. " Tell me, Juliana, who hath taught thee such things? In what manner hast thou overcome by secret spells so great torment ? " The holy- Juliana replied, '' Hearken unto me, thou most impious prefect, and I will tell thee. My Lord Jesus Christ hath taught me to worship the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost, and He himself hath vanquished Satan, thy father, and his demons, and sent from His holy throne His angel for an aid and comfort unto me. But thou, unhappy wretch, art ignorant that everlasting torments are being stored up for thee, when thou shalt have torture without end, the worm that devoureth and faileth not, and eternal darkness. Repent, unhappy man.. For our Lord Jesus Christ is merciful and mild, and willeth that all men should be saved ; and He giveth repentance of salvation and the remission of sins." Then the prefect bade that an iron wheel be brought and sharpened swords fixed therein^ and that the maid be stretched upon this wheel,. 22 in such wise that the wheel might stand be- tween two pillars, with four soldiers upon the one side and other four upon the other side. And the soldiers dragged the wheel and there- on held Juliana. And as they dragged they moved this engine, and the fair body of the virgin of Christ was cleft in all its members and the marrow gushed out from her bones; and all the wheel was stained therewith, and a fire raged furiously with flame. But the blessed Juliana stood unmoved in the belief of Christ with broken body, but unbroken A faithy/And an angel of the Lord descended ' from Heaven and put out the fire; and her bonds were loosed by the flame. /But the holy Juliana, standing without sor- J y row, glorified God and, lifting her hands unto Heaven with tears and groaning, began to pray thus : " Lord God Almighty, who alone hast immortality, the Giver of life. Creator of all ages, who didst stretch out the heavens with Thy hands, and didst lay the foundations of the world, and with Thy hands didst mould man; Planter of paradise and of the tree of life and Ruler of the race of men; Thou for kindness didst free Lot from Sodom and 23 didst bless Jacob and loose Joseph from the hatred of his brothers ; he was sold into Egypt and Thou didst grant unto him especial honor ; Thou didst send Thy servant Moses into Egypt, and didst preserve him from the hand of Pharaoh, and didst lead Thy people through the Red Sea after the likeness of dry land; Thou didst subdue the race of the heathen and lay low the giant Goliath by the hand of Thy holy youth David, and didst lift up David upon the throne; Thou by the Virgin didst take upon Thee flesh and wast beheld by shep- herds ; Thou art magnified by angels and glori- fied by the Magi ; Thou hast raised up the dead and gathered together the Apostles and bade them proclaim Thy kingdom; Thou wast be- trayed by Judas and crucified in the flesh and buried in the earth, and after Thy resurrec- tion wast seen by Thy disciples and ascended into Heaven; Thou, when Thy apostles were scattered throughout the world, didst grant Thy knowledge unto all believers; Thou art the safety of those who perish, and the road unto those who stray ; a refuge for the weary ; the one mighty and only true God, whom no one but in righteousness can worship; I give 24 Thee thanks, O God of all ! who hast deigned to raise me up, unworthy and sinful, into Thy help. And I pray, O Lord! that Thou deign to free me from the malice of this tyrant, so that he, with his father Satan, may be utterly ashamed. And unto Thee will I ascribe the glory forever and ever." And as she said "Amen," her torturers of the people of Nicomedia cried out, " There is one Almighty God of the holy maiden Juliana, and save Him there is no other God. We repent, O Prefect! that hitherto, even until now, we have been led into error." And all with one voice said, " Unto Thee, O Lord ! we flee for refuge ; let it suffice us that hitherto, even unto this day, we have erred. Henceforth we will put our trust in that God whom Juliana wor- ships." And turning to their ruler they said, " May all the gods of the heathen perish, and let all who worship idols be overcome. And do thou, impious prefect, work torture upon us; let us be in punishment who even until now have worshipped idols. Kindle a fire and consider the works of thy father. But we now choose to have the Lord Jesus Christ as our father, because many a season have we 25 been afflicted by thy father, the Devil/' But the prefect, overcome by wrath, reported all these sayings to the Emperor Maximian. And the Emperor Maximian gave judgment against them that their heads be struck off. And he bade that all at one time be smitten with the sword. And there were beheaded, men and women, one hundred and thirty. Then the prefect bade that the holy Juliana be burned alive. And when Juliana heard this, stretching her hands unto Heaven, she said with tears, " Lord God Almighty, do not de- sert me, neither depart from me, nor cast me forth from Thy sight. Be Thou my Helper and free me from this torment and blot out my sins, whatsoever I have sinned, whether in word or in thought. O Lord my God, who art merciful and just, have pity upon me, that A^ this tyrant Eleusius, my enemy, may not say, / ^ Where is now her God ?^ For Thou art a God blessed forevermore." And as she prayed thus, behold suddenly there came an angel of the Lord, and parted the flame and scattered the fire. And the holy Juliana, standing un- harmed, glorified God in the flame. But the prefect raged against her even as an evil beast, pondering what torture he might 26 inflict upon her. Then bade he that an earthen vessel be brought and lead placed therein, and that it be set upon a raging flame. And when it had been placed there, it became as it were a bath well tempered, and it leapt forth from the vessel and burned, of those men who stood about, seventy-five. And when the prefect beheld this, he rent his garments and with groanings blasphemed his gods, because they were unable to hurt her, and because, though she had wrought an injury unto them, they in no wise might do her harm. And immediately he proclaimed against her this judgment, that she be slain with a sword. Now when she heard this, the holy Juliana was filled with great joy, because the end of her strife was nigh at hand. And as she was being haled unto that place where she was to be beheaded, the demon, who had been tor- tured by her, suddenly came running unto the ruler and said unto him, " Do thou not spare her. She has blasphemed the gods and wrought an injury unto men. Many evils also have I endured at her hands. Grant unto her therefore that which she deserves." But the holy Juliana for a little space opened her eyes. 27 that she might see who it was that said these things. Then the demon cried out in fear and said, "Alas, woe is me! perchance now a second time she would seize me." And imme- diately he vanished and, fleeing, became dumb. And when she had been led unto the place where she was to be beheaded, she began to say unto those who had been converted to the faith and to the other Christians who were present, '^ My fathers and mothers, hearken unto me and repent that ye did sacrifice to devils ; and build your house upon a firm rock, lest strong winds corne and ye be destroyed. But pray ever without ceasing in the holy church and be mindful of the Holy Scriptures, and love one another, and God will grant unto you to find mercy in the sight of His saints. It is a good thing to be watchful before God ; it is a good thing ever to sing praises; it is a good thing to pray without ceasing, for ye know not when ye may lay down your life. And I ask that ye pray for me that my Lord Jesus Christ may deem me worthy and accept- able, and deign to admit me. His humble hand- maiden, into His holy presence. And may He provide for the course of my strife that my 28 enemy may not overcome me." And when she had given her peace unto all, again she prayed to the Lord, saying, "Lord God, Father of all. Lover of faith, who dost not be- tray Thine image into the power of Thine enemies, have mercy upon me and aid me and receive my spirit in peace, O Lord ! " And as she said this in her prayer she was beheaded. And after a little space a certain Sephronia, the wife of a senator, passing through the city of Nicomedia and coming to the city of Rome, bore the body of the blessed Juliana, wrapping it in spices and costly linen. But when they were approaching the city a mighty storm arose, and the ship was driven even to the borders of Campania. And there the blessed Juliana was buried near the fields of Puteoli, where she has a tomb one mile from the sea. But when the prefect set sail to his suburban villa, there came a mighty tempest and wrecked his ship and twenty-four men died ; and when the waves had tossed their bodies upon a de- serted shore, they were devoured by the birds and the wild beasts. Now the blessed Juliana suffered on the fourteenth day before the Kal- ends of March at the hands of the prefect 29 Eleusius, in the reign of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever and forever* Amen. 30 THE LEGEND ACCORDING TO THE JULIANA OF CYNEWULF. Behold we have heard warriors tell and men of valor declare that which happened in the days of Maximian, the profane king, the hea- then war-chief, who throughout the world stirred up persecution, killed Christian men,, destroyed churches, and poured out the holy blood of righteous worshipers of God upon the grassy plain. His kingdom was broad, power- ful, and mighty over the nations, almost over all the spacious earth. Among the cities went, as he bade, his mighty thanes; oft they com- mitted violence, misled in their deeds, they who despised the law of the Lord in their sinful might. Deeds of hatred they performed, in that they exalted idolatry, slew holy men, de- stroyed those learned in the Scriptures, burned chosen men and persecuted the champions of God with spear and fire. There was a rich man of noble lineage, a powerful prefect. And he did wield it over shield-cities and ever defended the land and, in the camp of Nicomedia, kept his treasure. Oft with zeal he prayed unto the heathen idols con- trary to the word of God. His name was 32 called Eleusius and he had mighty and illustri- ous dominion. Then did his heart begin to lust after a maid Juliana, and desire overcame him. But she in her heart cherished holy- faith, and was greatly minded that she would preserve her purity unspotted of any sin for the love of Christ. Then was the maid after the will of her father betrothed unto this rich man. Nor did he know fully her destiny how she, young in heart, despised his friendship. For the fear of God was more in her thoughts than all the treasure that lay in the possession of that prince. Then was the wealthy one, this man rich in treasure, fain in his heart of the nup- tials, that the maid should straightway be made ready unto him, the bride unto his home. Yet did she strive steadfastly against the love of this man, although he possessed treasure in the treasure-chest, vast wealth of jewels through- out the world. All this she despised and thus spake in the assembly of men : " I say unto thee that thou needst not more heavily afflict thyself. For if thou dost love and believe in the true God and dost observe His worship, then dost thou understand the 33 spirit of God and quickly, yea without waver- ing, will I yield unto thy will. Likewise de- clare I unto thee that if thou dost put thy trust in any lesser God through idolatry and dost promise heathen tribute, then mayest thou not have me, nor by compulsion take me to wife. Nor ever through harsh anger shalt thou pre- pare such mighty pain of cruel torture that thou mayest turn me from these words." Then was the prince smitten with anger, stained with sinful deeds, hearing the words of the maid, and he bade swift messengers summon speedily to the council the sire of the holy maid, rough and blind of heart. Their words poured forth when they together leaned their spears, these warriors. Heathen were they both, sick with sin, father-in-law and son- in-law. Then spake the shepherd of the king- dom, the spear bearer, with fierce heart unto the sire of the maid. *' Thy daughter hath shown me dishonor for that she saith unto me outright that she will not heed my love, my affection. Most painful unto me in heart are these insults, that she so grievously before this people hath assailed me with censure, bidding me that with tribute I 34 worship a strange God above that one whom formerly we knew, that I praise Him in my speech and honor Him in my heart, or gain her never/' Then waxed wroth the fierce sire of the maid, and he did swear according to this word and disclose his heart : " I do swear by the true gods that as ever I shall find mercy at their hands or favor at thine, O Prince! in the joyous cities, that if these words be true, O Dearest of men ! which thou sayest unto me, that in no wise will I be sparing unto her; but I will give her over to destruction, noble Prince, and into thy power. And do thou adjudge her unto death, if unto thee it shall seem fitting, or do thou leave unto her life, as may be dearer to thee." Then went he to speak unto the damsel, resolute and wroth, smitten with anger, where he, that illustrious one, knew the young maid to keep her abode. Thus spake he unto her : " Thou art my daughter, the dearest and sweetest in my heart, the only one upon earth, light of mine eyes, Juliana. Thou hast in thy folly, through thy vain hostility, undertaken a course contrary to the judgment of the coun- 35 cilors. Overmuch dost thou oppose thy bride- groom with thine opinion, who is higher than thou, nobler in the land, richer in treasure. And as a friend he is kind. Therefore is it fitting that thou alone should never put aside the affection of this man, his undying love.'' Then to him made answer the blessed Juli- ana (for steadfastly had she established her affection upon God) : " Never will I consent to the alliance of this prince until that he worship mighty God more earnestly than he aforetime did, and love with sacrifices Him who created light. Heaven and earth, and the compass of the seas, and the circle of dwellings. Nor in any other wise may he bring me to his home. But with his treasure he shall seek out bridal love at the gift of another maid, nor here shall he ever obtain it." Then in anger wrathfuUy her father made answer, and by no means did he offer unto her adornments : " I shall bring it about, if my life endure, that if thou do not first leave off this folly, and if that thou worship strange gods and forsake those who are dearer unto us, who stand for 36 an help unto this people, that thou, quickly paying with thy life, shalt die in the clutch of beasts, unless thou wilt yield to submission and the union of this brave man. Great is that undertaking and terrible for one like thee, that thou despise our lord/' To him the blessed Juliana, wise and dear to God, made answer, " Unto thee will I speak truth; as I live, I will not work a lie. In no wise do I fear me for thy judgments, nor are tortures grievous unto me, nor the terrors of death which thou, with malice dost threateit unto me; nor ever shalt thou accomplish it through thy snares that thou turn me from the love of Christ.'' Then he was furious, maddened and wrath- ful, savage and merciless, the sire against the maid ; and he bade that they scourge her, con- strain her with torture, afflict her with tor- ments and thus spake he : " Turn thee in mind and change these words which thou spakest in thy folly aforetime when thou didst despise the worship of our gods." To him Juliana, unfearful in heart, with spiritual understanding gave answer : " Never shalt thou teach me that I give tribute unto de- ceptions, unto idols dumb and deaf, the foes of 37 the spirit — ^to these worst of the disciples of torment. But I worship the Lord of Heaven, of the earth and of glory, and to Him alone do I entrust all things, that He may become my Guardian, my Helper and my Saviour against the foes of Hell." Then did Africanus, her father, in anger give over the maid to Eleusius, into the power of her enemies. He bade that at daybreak, after the coming of light, she be led to his judgment seat. And the warriors marveled at the beauty of the maid, all the people to- gether. Then did the prince, her bridegroom, first greet her in joyous words. " My sweetest sunlight Juliana, what radi- ance thou hast, what generous grace and bloom of youth ! Even yet if thou wilt make propitiation unto our gods and seek protection at their merciful hands, favor at the hands of the holy ones, shall countless numbers of tor- ments, cruelly contrived, be warded off from thee; of terrible injuries which are prepared if that thou wilt not sacrifice unto the true gods." But unto him the noble maid gave answer, " Never shalt thou prevail with thy threats, nor prepare so many cruel torments, that I 38 should love thy fellowship, except that thou forsake these lies, this worshipping of idols, and understand wisely the God of glory, the Creator of spirits, the Lord of mankind, in whose might are all creatures forever without end." Then merciless in heart he spake boastful words before that people, and waxed exceed- ing wrathful, he, the lord of the people. Then bade he with hateful cruelty that they stretch out the maid in nakedness and scourge her, free of guilt, with scourges. Then did the warrior laugh and spake insults. "This is the dominion in our strife taken in its beginning. Yet will I grant thee life, although thou didst speak many a rash word aforetime, and didst overmuch resist to love the true gods. Unto thee in thy perversity shall after- wards be the rewards of torture, except that thou first be reconciled unto them and offer to them acceptable sacrifice after thy wicked words, and establish thy peace. Let strife cease and hateful combat. But if thou longer after this, through thy folly, pursued after de- lusions, then needs must I, compelled by en- mity, punish thy blasphemy in the crudest 39 wise, thy bitter words of insult, when thou didst begin with blasphemy to strive against the happiest and the most merciful of those gods whom men know, and whom the people long have worshipped." But unafraid in heart the noble maid gave answer: " Neither do I fear me for thy judg- ments, accursed persecutor, nor for the evil o£ thy torments. But I have for my hope the Ruler of Heaven, a merciful Protector, the Lord of might, who doth defend me against thy delusions, from the clutch of monsters which thou dost hold as gods. They are profit- less of every good thing, empty, useless, and vain, nor in them may any man find comfort or true peace; although he do seek unto himself friendship, never will he find virtue among devils. But I have established my heart upon my Lord, who in all might ruleth eternally. He is the Possessor of glory and of all victory ; He is the true King." Then did it seem grievous unto the governor that in no wise might he turn the heart — ^the purpose of the maid. And he bade that they seize her by the hair and hang her unto an high tree, where the sun-bright damsel en- 40 dured stripes, cruel torture six hours of that day; and that cruel persecutor straightway bade that they take her down again, and lead her unto prison. But the love of Christ was fast bound in her mind, and in her gentle heart a strength not to be broken. II. Then was the door of the prison fastened with a bolt, the work of the hammer. And within the holy maid endured faithful; and ever in the prison, covered with darkness, in her heart she praised the King of glory, the Lord of Heaven, the Saviour of men. And the Holy Ghost was a constant companion unto her. Then suddenly came into the prison the Enemy of mankind, skilled in evil ; and he had the form of an angel. Wise was he in afflictions, this enemy of the soul, this captain of Hell, and unto the holy maid he said, " Why sufferest thou who art most dear and precious unto the King of glory, our God? This judge hath prepared for thee the worst tortures, torment without end, if thou wilt not pru- dently sacrifice and make propitiation unto his 41 gods. Be thou in haste when he bids thee be led outward hence, that thou make a sacrifice, an offering of victory, before that death come upon thee, death in the presence of the war- riors. In this wise shalt thou survive the anger of this judge, O blessed maid ! '* But straightway did she, acceptable unto Christ, who was in no wise afraid, ask whence he was come. And the outcast made answer unto her, " I am an angel of God, come from above. His noble follower sent unto thee in holiness from the heavens. For thee cruel tortures with woeful wounds are prepared in punishment. The Lord bids thee, child of God, that thou avert them." Then was the maid stricken with terror for the fearful message which the minister, the enemy of Heaven, declared unto her. And steadfastly in her youth and innocence she be- gan to strengthen her heart and call upon God. *' Now, O Protector of man. Eternal and Almighty! do I entreat Thee by that noble creation which Thou, the Father of angels, didst establish in the beginning, that Thou let me not turn aside from the praise of Thy 42 grace, as this messenger who stands before me declareth unto me — a dreadful message. Like- wise, O Innocent One ! I do entreat Thee that Thou make known unto me, O Thou Glory of kings, Thou God of splendor, who this flying minister may be, that he doth urge me away from Thee upon the down-hill road ! '' Then unto her spake a glorious voice from the clouds and uttered this word : " Do thou seize this vile one and hold him fast, till that he rightly declare unto thee his purpose, even from the beginning what his kinship may be." And the heart of the glorious maid was glad ; and she seized upon that devil. H:*******"|-Q deliver up to death the King of all kings. And I wrought that the warrior wounded the Lord of Hosts while the army gazed upon it, until that blood and water together fell to the ground. I stir- red up Herod in heart that he gave order to behead John for that he reproved with words his love of wife, his unrighteous wedlock. Also with malice I taught Simon, so that he began to strive against the chosen followers of Christ and with shame assailed those 43 holy men, saying that they were wizards. With sharp wiles I dared to delude Nero so that he bade the followers of Christ, Peter and Paul, be given over unto death. By my teach- ings did Pilate formerly hang upon the cross the Ruler of the Heavens, the mighty Lord. In like wise also did I incite Hegias, so that he in his folly bade the holy Andrew to be hanged to an high tree and sent forth his spirit from the gallows in a splendor of glory. Thus among my brothers I wrought many a deed of evil, of black sin, which I may not tell, nor fully relate nor know the countless number of my cruel malicious thoughts." Then by the grace of the Holy Ghost the blessed Juliana spake unto him : ** More fully yet, Enemy of man, shalt thou disclose thine errand, who sent thee unto me." And unto her the monster gave answer, fearful, discovered, without hope of peace: '''Behold, my father, the king of the inhabit- ants of Hell, sent me hither from that narrow home on this journey unto thee. And he in that abode of misery is more eager in every evil than I. When he sendeth us that we, through deceit, pervert the hearts of the right- 44 eous and turn them from salvation, we are sad in heart, fearful in mind. Nor is he a merci- ful lord unto us, but a terrible prince; and if we have done no evil, then dare we not go any- where in his presence. But he sendeth forth his ministers of darkness throughout the spaci- ous earth, and commandeth them that they stir up violence, and if we are to be found upon the earthly path or are come upon far or near, that they bind us and scourge us in torments of fire. And if through corruptions we per- vert not the souls of the righteous, the hearts of the holy, then suffer we the hardest and most terrible punishments through painful blows. Now mayest thou know truly in thy heart that I unto this boldness was needs com- pelled, time and again afflicted, that I seek thee out." Then still did the holy maid purpose to question the Enemy of man, the doer of evil^ the contriver of sin : " Thou shalt more fully tell me, thou enemy of souls, how thou through falling into sin dost work grievous harm unto the righteous, encompassed round about with malice." 45 Unto her the fiend replied, the faithless out- cast, " I may easily make known unto thee the beginning of every evil, even unto the end, of those which I on many a journey have wrought with wounds of sin, that thou mayest thus more clearly know that this is truth and in no wise false. For I hoped and counted it certain in my heart that without difficulty I might by my strength alone turn thee from salvation, so that thou shouldst withstand the King of Heaven, the Lord of victories, and bow down unto lesser gods and sacrifice unto the Prince of evil. Thus in varied forms do I pervert the mind of the righteous man. When I find him to establish his heart upon the will of God, then am I at once ready so that against him I bring manifold vices of the mind, cruel thoughts, and secret errors. Through a multitude of snares I make sweet unto him the pleasures of sin, wicked desires of the heart, so that he, quickly given over unto unrighteousness, hearkeneth unto my teachings. And I griev- ously inflame him with sin, so that he, burning, doth cease from prayer and walketh insolently, nor may he steadfastly remain longer in the place of prayer, for the love of his sin. So I 46 bring hateful terror unto that man to whom I begrudge Hfe and a clear belief. And he wil- fully doth hearken unto my teachings and commit sin and afterward, deprived of virtue, he slippeth away. But if I meet any cour- ageous man, a valiant champion of the Lord against the sting of my arrows, who will not flee far thence from the battle, but bold in heart lifteth his shield against me, his holy buckler, a spiritual armour; who will not de- sert his God, but, bold in prayer, standeth at bay in his course, then shall I flee away from that place, humiliated, cut oflf from joy, and in the embrace of fire lament my sorrows, that I might not in battle, by cunning of strength, overcome. But I shall wretchedly seek out another less powerful man, under the banners of a slower champion, whom I may arouse by my incitements and impede in the warfare. And though spiritually he purpose some good thing, I am at once ready to read his every secret thought, to observe how his heart is in- wardly strengthened, and how his resistance is wrought. And I, through sins, open the gate of this wall. When the tower is pierced, the entrance laid open, then I send into his breast 47 by my arrows bitter thoughts, through various desires of the heart, so that it seemeth better to him to accomplish sins and lusts of the body, contrary to the worship of God. I am an eager teacher that he may live after my evil fashions, turned openly from the law of Christ, corrupted in heart, for me to rule in the pit o£ sins. In this man I care more eagerly for the destruction of the spirit than of the fleshy, which in a grave, hidden in the earth, shall be- come in the world a pleasure to the worm." Then again the maid spake : " Tell me^ misshapen, unclean spirit, inciter of evils, how thou didst force thyself into the company of the more pure. Thou of old unfaithful didst strive and contend against Christ, and didst plot against the holy. The pit of Hell was digged below thee and there, driven by misery, for thy pride, thou didst seek out an abode. I deemed that thou wouldst be more wary and less bold in such an encounter against the righteous man, who through the King of glory hath oft withstood thy will." And the miser- able, cursed monster replied unto her and said, " Do thou first tell me how thou bravely, by deep thought, became thus bold in combat be- 48 yond all womankind, so that thou hast thus firmly bound me with fetters, wholly power- less to resist. Thou didst put thy trust in the eternal God sitting in glory, the Lord of man- kind, as I establish my hope upon my father, the ruler of the dwellers in Hell ; and when I am sent forth against the righteous man, that in evil deed I may. pervert his heart and turn his soul from salvation, at times through re- sistance my will is denied to me, my hope at the hands of the holy, just as sorrow here came upon me in my journey. This I myself perceive, but far too late. Now shall I long, because of this evil-doing, suffer shame. There- fore I entreat thee by the might of the Most High, by the grace of the King of Heaven, who suffered upon the cross, the Prince of glory, that thou pity me in my distress, that I may not wholly perish miserably, though I boldly and thus foolhardily sought thee on this journey, when I aforetime expected no such plight as this.'' Then the fair candle of splendor said unto that traitor, " Thou shalt confess more deeds of evil, thou base spirit of Hell, ere thou mayest go hence; what many deeds of wick- 49 edness thou hast accomplished with thy dark delusions for an injury to the children of men." And to her the Devil made answer: " Now do I hear by thy utterance that I, com- pelled by hatred, must needs lay bare my heart as thou biddest me and endure compul- sion. This plight is full hard, this calamity measureless. I shall suffer and endure every- thing in thy judgment, disclose the dark deeds of evil which I long have accomplished. Oft I took away sight and blinded countless num- bers of the children of men with evil thoughts ; and covered with a veil of mist, through a poisonous breath, and with dark showers the light of the eye; and I destroyed the feet of some with snares. Some I sent into the fire, into the embrace of the flames, which was the last visible sign of their footsteps. Also for some I wrought it that their bodies spurted blood, and they suddenly gave forth their life through an outpouring of the veins. Some by my might, upon the sea were drowned in the waters, upon their course on the ocean stream, under the raging flood. Some I gave over to the cross, so that they miserably laid down their lives upon the high gallows. Some I 50 induced by my evil devices to commit strife, so that they suddenly renewed old quarrels, drunk with beer. I poured out to them discord from the cup, so that they in the wine-hall, through the clash of swords, gave forth their lives from the body and, dcome(J to death, hastened away, visited with pains. Some whom I found with- out God's token, neglected and unblessed, these I boldly slew with various deaths at my hands with malice. I may not tell, although I sit a long summer day, all the sorrows which I before and since through treachery have ac- complished, since first the heavens were lifted up, and the path of the stars and the earth es- tablished, and the first men, Adam and Eve, whom I deprived of life and taught them, so that they forsook the love of the Lord of Hosts, eternal grace and the bright prosperity of the home ; and misery came upon them both forever, and upon their children — darkest of evil deeds. Why should I recount more of endless evil? I have brought forth all fierce crimes throughout the nations, which came to pass in the long ages from the beginning of the world, for mankind, for men upon earth. No one of these there was, who dared thus 51 boldly, as thou hast now dared in thy holiness to touch me with thy hands ; no man thus cour- ageous upon earth in holy might, no one of the patriarchs, nor of the prophets; although the Lord of Hosts, the King of glory, revealed unto them a spirit of wisdom and measureless grace, yet might I have approach unto them. No one of them so boldly covered me with bonds, or afHicted me with woes, before thou didst overcome and lay firm hold upon that great power which my father, the Enemy of mankind, gave unto me when he, my prince, bade me go from out the darkness, that I might make sweet unto thee sin. Then sor- row came upon me and heavy strife. After this sore distress I may not rejoice over this journey in the company of my fellows, when I miserably in my mournful home shall render up the penalty." Then the prefect, that cruel man, bade that Juliana, pure in heart, be led out from that narrow abode to speech with the heathen, to his judgment seat. And she in her holiness, inspired in heart, haled in the devil, the heathen one, in bonds. And in his grievous plight he began to lament his journey, bewail 52 his torment, grieve for his fate, and he said unto her: " I entreat thee, gracious Juliana, by the grace of God, that thou work upon me no fur- ther insult or reproach before men than thou hast already done, when thou overcamest the wisest in the prison shades, the king of the dwellers in Hell, in the city of fiends, who is our father, the lord of death. Behold thou hast afflicted me with painful blows, and in truth I know that, before or since, never did I meet in the kingdoms of the world a woman like unto thee, of more courageous heart, or more perverse, of all the race of women. Clear is it to me that thou wouldst be in all things unashamed in thy wise heart/' Then the maid loosed the enemy of souls, after his time of punishment, to seek out dark- ness in the black abyss, in tormenting distress. And he, the announcer of evil, was wiser than to tell unto his fellows, the ministers of tor- ment, how it befell him upon his journey. III. He * 5}: * * * gladly praised Him in the heavens and His holy work, and said truly 53 that He alone had power of all victories throughout all creation and of eternal blessed- ness. Then came an angel of God, gleaming with adornments, and pushed aside the fire and freed and protected her who was pure of wrong and guiltless, and cast aside the devour- ing flame where the holy maid, princess of women, stood unharmed in the midst. This for the rich man was a sorrow to endure (if he might change it before the world), and, stained with sin, he sought how he most sorely, through the most grievous torture, might contrive her death. Nor was the fiend too slow who taught him that he should com- mand to be made, with wondrous art and the noise of battle, an earthen vessel set round about with forest trees and wood, and he cruel- ly commanded that they fill the earthen jar with lead and bid a great fire to be kindled and this funeral pile to be inflamed. On all sides it was surrounded with brands ; the bath boiled with the heat. Then, stirred with anger, he bade that she, guiltless and without sin, be thrust into the surging of the lead. Then was the fire separated and set free ; the lead poured 54 forth far and wide, hot and devouring, and men were stricken with terror, overtaken by its rush. There in number five and seventy of the heathen band burned by the blast of the flame. But the holy maid still stood unharmed in beauty ; nor was the hem of her garment, nor her robe, nor her hair, nor skin, marked by the fire, nor her body, nor limbs. She stood in the flames wholly unharmed, and for all gave thanks to the Lord of Hosts. Then the judge grew savage and fierce at heart; he began to tear his robe, he snarled and gnashed his teeth and raged in heart even as a wild beast; he roared furiously and blasphemed his gods, be- cause that they with all their power might not withstand the will of a woman. But the maid of glory was resolute and unafraid, mindful of her powers and of the will of her Lord. Then the judge, troubled in heart, bade that she, pure in spirit, be put to death by the stroke of the sword; that she, the chosen of Christ, should lose her head. But this death availed him not, when he knew further the event. Then was the hope of the maid renewed, and the heart of the maiden greatly cheered, when she 55 heard men declare their hateful counsel that at last the end of her days of strife should come and her life be set free. Full of evil he bade that the pure and chosen maid, the sinless one, be led away to death. Then straightway came the vile spirit of Hell, base and wretched, and sang a song of misery; that accursed one whom she aforetime bound and scourged with torments, and full of horrible enchantments he cried out before the host : " Reward it now with pain that she despised the power of our gods and humbled me ex- ceedingly, so that I became a traitor. Let her obtain generous rewards through the print of the sword. Avenge now your ancient hatred, ye who are visited with sin. That sorrow I remember how I, fast in bonds, in one night endured numberless miseries and distress, measureless evil." Then gazed toward the monster the blessed maid Juliana; she heard the devil of Hell singing his misery, and the enemy of mankind began to steal away in flight, to seek out tor- ments, and thus he spake : " Woe is me, un- done ! Now comes a mighty expectation that once more she will humiliate me in my wretch- 56 edness with evil miseries, even as she did aforetime/' Then she was led nigh unto the border of the land, unto the place where they in their cruelty purposed through hatred to kill her. And she began to teach and to encourage the people from their sins unto worship, and promised unto them comfort and a path to glory and said : " Take thought upon the Joy of warriors, and the Splendor of glory, the Hope of the holy, the God of the angels of Heaven. He is so worthy that the nations and all the race of angels worship Him in the skies ; the Su- preme Power. Help is to be had forever by those who will have it ; therefore, dear nation, I will righteously teach you that ye make firm your house, lest the winds with their breath overthrow it. The strong wall shall more firmly withstand the blasts of the storm, the suggestions of sin. Do ye with love of peace and clear belief, stout of heart, set your foun- dation upon the Living Stone. Hold in your hearts, in desire of mind, true faith and peace among yourselves and holy counsels. Then will the Almighty Father grant unto you mercy. 57 and ye shall have comfort from the God of might at your greatest need after your sor- rows. And because ye know not your going hence, nor the ending of life, unto me it seems wise that ye wakefully keep watch against the bloody terrors of your foes, lest fighting against you they bar your way unto the city of God. And do ye entreat the Son of God that the Lord of angels, the God of mankind, the Giver of victories, be merciful unto me. Peace be unto you and true love forever." Then by a blow of the sword her soul was separated from the body unto its eternal joy. And the sinful outrager Eleusius, affrighted in heart, put to sea with his band of warriors in a ship; for a long time danced across the ocean stream on the swan-road. Through terrible distresses Death seized upon all this company, before they had come to land. Thirty-four of the race of men were deprived of life in the boiling sea, the servants with their lord ; deprived of joy and hopeless, they sought out Hell. Nor might the thanes in that dark home, the band of retainers in the deep pit, look for their appointed treasure at the hands of their lord, so that they in the wine-hall, 58 upon the beer-bench, should receive rings and gold embossed. Far otherwise was the body of the holy maid borne with son^s o£ praise and a great multitude unto its grave in the earth, so that a mighty throng brought it within the town. There since then, as the years passed by, has the praise of God been lifted up among that people even unto this day. — There is to me great need that this holy one grant me help, when the dearest of all things shall depart from me ; when the two brothers shall dissolve their kinship, their great love. My soul shall depart from my body upon a journey, I myself know not whither, unto an unknown land. From this I shall seek out another land, ac- cording to the things which formerly I wrought and my deeds which are past. Sorrowfully shall depart C. and Y. and N. The King will be wroth, the Giver of victories, when, stained with sin, E. and W. and U. shall await in terror what the Judge shall will unto him according to his deeds, as a reward for life. L. and F. shall tremble and sorrow- fully wait. I shall be mindful of all the pain, the wounds of sin, which recently or long ago 59 I wrought in the world; so that I weeping shall lament with tears. It was too late an hour when I first repented of my deeds of evil, while spirit and flesh journeyed on together unharmed upon the earth. Therefore have I need that the holy one plead for me with the King of kings. Great sorrow of heart doth admonish me of this need. And I pray every man of the race of men, who may recite this lay, that he eagerly with earnestness of heart be mindful of me, according to my name, and pray unto God that He, the Ruler of Heaven, the Lord of might, grant me help in that day ; the Father, the Spirit of comfort, the Judge of deeds, and the dear Son, in that dread hour, when the Trinity, sitting in glorious unity, for the race of mankind throughout the bright universe, shall decree to every man a reward according to his works. And grant unto us, great God, Joy of mankind, that in that great hour we find Thy face merciful unto us. Amen. 60 THE PRINCETON PRESS FEB 241906