E 687 .H34 Copy 1 P jn Msiiiortcim^ ^7^ ~ ^ iPresident Giarftefd^ THOMAS NELSON HASKELL. With awe pi-ofouui] this tiny, Tlie Nation bows to pray lu bitter grief; All through thu stricken laud The broken heartvJ stand, And mourn on every hand Tlieir martyred Chief. The Almi^dity Ruler hears His Horrowiug people's leara Vail at his feet; Makes our just cause his rare, Indites and hears our prayer. And for us still makes bare His mercv seat. Bless still our Nation's heail — isuccetisor of the dead — And keep his life ; M'liile armies cease their tread, .\nd those who fought and bled Rest in their peaceful bed, Heal all our strife. O, Thou who hast removed " Him whom the people loved" — Thy servant rare — Who gavest him strength and light To see and guard the right. Still grant Thy holy might To men of prayer. Comfort each stricken one, O God, the Father, Sou And Holy Ghost; While in our hearts we own That here Thy love is known, .\nd Thine the only throne I »f which we boast. Denver, September, 1881. B - .-ti-S^n- ■*?o ll'ic C^,v^cl1ll'■'^c^ C'ittrcu^ in ific "^piciu'ei l3olltl■-cifoll.^c II'k' bail a Scptemlier 30, 1881. M/: President : I rise to move the adoption of the programme presented for the open air meeting to-night. As your committee are aware 1 went to Indiana and Ohio at Garfield's request last fall, and risked my life and lost my health by speaking to large assemblies out of doors, and rcould not therefore safely speak this evening if I would. Nor can I now do justice to the occasion when the nation has scarcely risen from her knees at prayer that our great, good President might be preserved, and is mingling tears with all the civil world about his lifeless form, as if everybody on earth had lost in him an able, a brave, benign and most trusted friend. This is an occasion of almost universal sorrow. Her Majesty, the widowed Queen of En- gland and Empress of India, weeps to-day with the widow Garfields as if they were her peers and good indeed as she. Emperors and diplomatists dispatch their words of sympathy with us. The poorest freedman also weeps as if he too had lost a peer and friend. Humanity seems utterly heart-broken at this hour. Every man mourns apart and every heart and home is draped because of our dreadful loss. And yet the people meet in masses to mourn and pour forth their mingled grief because Garfield, after all his achievements, usefulness and Gethsemane prayers, is dead and passed from the presidential chair to be cherished only above our sight and in the loving memories of them that mourn. I knew him well and loved him much, and I feel as one indeed bereft. Raised in his Congressional District, educated on its scholarship, fitted for college only four miles from his Mentor home, his familiar life-scenes are to me like holy ground. The consciences of his constituents are the most e.xacting in the world and yet he early won and kept their confidence by his ability and worth, and they all weep as if they ne'er would see his like again ; 'tis so the Nation weeps. I admire the grandeur of the mountains, and vie with Dr. Holmes in his veneration of the tall, mighty trees of the forests that lift their tons of timber so well balanced and so majestically toward the stars ; but Garfield rises before me more grand than these from his widowed mother's log cabin in the woods of that frontier town where the wolves howled by night and the woodman's axe echoed in his ears by day, calling his powers early to wake to work and to patriotic and pious duty. I cannot go over his history, you are familiar with it. The world knows it all by heart, and it is wonderful.- The children have all learned it and love it, and it will ennoble their natures and their lives. Young men will look to him as a model and move onward and upward. Young women will so admire his wife that Miss Rudolph will be remembered with almost a religious veneration for her modest virtues, while, as Mrs. Garfield, she will lead millions of wives and mothers throughout the world to wish to be and to become as worthy in all their ways as she. And O how pitiable is mother Garfield's cry under her weight of grief and fourscore years, as she tremblingly e.xclaims, "Why should they wish to kill my baby boy! " as if the strong man were back again an infant in her arms of hope and faith and love. Of the miscreant assassin 1 have no words to say. If Cain had sevenfold punishment, greater than he couldfcear, surely seventy-seven fold is for the murderer of Garfield. May God send his Ii\yn Holy Comforter to console Garfield's kindred and to sanctify his life and dea'tli to the greater good of our dear country he loved and served so well and died to save. I hope the programme of addresses for this evening will be adopted and be useful to our people at large. Governor Evans seconded the motion and it was adopted. The mt)urning assembly at night was immense and impressive. K1:V. FROFBSSOR T. N. HASKELL'S MEMORIAL ADDP.ESS True Greatness and Goodness, AS KXKMIM.IFIKI) ]!V PKE^iDEN'i' jTiMK? n- mwi^hd. Ddivcrcd in Denver, Colo., S,pl. 'Z'), IISSI. We stand to-day on a sublime and solemn eminence in the history of the world. Never before have the civil wants and \^el- fare of the human race risen so clearly to our view, nor popular goodness and great- ness been so plainly seen as a national ne- cessity and the goal of everybody's best ambition. At no former time has the civil world beeo brought into such tender prox- imity to one and the same scene and subject of sorrow, and animated by one common sympathy, induced to study together a new human example so uoble and worthy of general imitation. Never was there a more conspicuous instance of thatt'hristiaB excel- lence in private and public life which is essential to good civil institutions, than has been presented by the late martyred president of the United States for the admiration and imitation of all classes. The secret of his succe.^is and the ennobling elements of his history and character are now made the study of all the peoples of the earth in its present and coming genera- tions, and rendered more emphatic and in- fluential by his mode of life and the man- ner of his death. I stand in awe of his ex- ample in the midst of a universal sorrow, and imagine myself again seated by his side on the lawn shaded from the sun by the then happy home mansion at Mentor and listening to his words as he showed mo the leaf of tke New Testament handed to him by one of Moody's messengers on his way to the convention hall the morning of his nomination as the chief magistrate of this great couatry. I cannot, indeed, do better than to shape my address after the teachings of that passage in the fourtli chapter of the Acts of the Apos- tles, to which he pointed, as the first printed words he saw after his nomination to be president. It seemed even theiT to set be- fore him the mission of the Messiah as his motto and model, and was placed in his hat as if to be worn upon his forehead as a sort of frontlet or Hebrew phylactery. It reads as follows : "Be it known unto you and to all the j)eople of Israel that by the name of Jesus of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand before you wliole. This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner. Neither is there salvation in any other— for there is none other name un- der heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." As he said to me, in tones surpassing the tenderest emotions ever uttered by the immortal Lincoln, "Is it not remarkable that such a passage should be handed to him"— our second martyr presi- dent^"just then !" when he was going with "an anxious heart," as he assured me, to be laid a living and dying sacrifice upon the most sacred altar of civil moralty and free- dom ? From this circumstance in the his- toric use of this sacred passage I have of necessity, as it were, put before me my suli- ject, which is "Sympathy with God in Christ— the secret of Garfield's Exalted Character and Success." Perhaps it were better to put this in the form of a problem, and in the method of gradual approach in- quire WHAT CONSTITUTES TRUE GREATNESS and goodness in public and private men ? And where is Garfield's rank among them ? The eloquent Massillon opened his address over the dead body of Louis XIV of France, by exclaiming : "God only is great." And this so filled the vast assembly with awe that they instinctively bowed their heads with the profoundest homage. Another master of assemblies, mightier and better than Massillon, hath said : "There is none good but one, that is God." Absolute great- ness and goodness are seen only in the infinite and perfect President of all peoples, and before him we would here bow our chastened hearts in humblest adoration. There is perhaps no event which so impresses upon the popular mind the superiority of the Supreme Ruler, as the death of a distinguished human magistrate in the midst of his most momen- tous duties. At such a time all loyal hearts exclaim : " Let the Lord alone be exalted ! " But by acknowledging the incorporation of his imitable perfections into human character we thereby contribute to his own exaltation and honor. Every example of such imitation is to the praise of the divene model, and is compara- tively good and great according to the de- gree of the divine approximation. So when one of our senators said to a reporter on the morning of the assassination, " President Garfield was a great and good man," he meant as we all mean by those words to assert comparative excellences only, and then the assertion is eminently truthful. "We are to inquire then, for true greatness and goodness in private and historic men, in the negative, relative, resultant and real or absolute senses. In doing this let us re- member the question relates to the public good and to our personal welfare, since worthy examples are mighty and immortal. THE NEGATIVE INQUIRY exposes the false estimate too common among men. All materialistic methods of judging men must be more ore less injurious and absiird. For example we read, "There was none goodlier than Saul ; from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people — " and yet his memory is abhorent. "In all Tsreal there was none praised so much as Absalom, for his beauty. He weighed the hair of his head at 200 sheckles." Still to this day "Ab- salom's pillar in the king's dale" is actu- ally stoned in utter detestation. Goliath of Gath, who filled the armies of Saul with terror, was some ten feet tall, clothed in nearly 200 pounds of brass and steel, and yet was slain in single combat by a small stone from the sling of a mere God-fearing stripling. Sardanapolis was so fair that he sometimes passed himself for a female, but he was so voluptuous that his epitaph and motto were: "Let us eat and drink, for to- morrow we die !" and he perished at last on the funeral pyre with all his elFects and his family in the midst of a siege, raised by his insolent subjects, whom he had insulted. Alexander, to demonstrate his greatness, de- termined his own death as a drunkard — and, in the midst of his greatest achieve- ments, was scarcely less proud of the curve in his neck and the curl of his lips than poor old Diogenes of his tub and lantern whexi commanding his king to keep out of his way with his shadow. Common every- day wisdom ought to teach better than to judge men by their mere fleshly weight and proportions — and history is strangely silent here in her most important cases. She has generally said little or nothing about the bodily presence of men most distinguished for great souls and important service, and Jesus of Nazareth has not a genuine like- ness in all the world except in the character and lives of siucere Christians. We have no account of the bodily appearance of one apostle. We must not fcrget, then, it is neither the ounces nor the inches of men, but rather "The lives of great men that remind us We may make our lives sublime." The beauty of Sardanapolis was good merely as an example of basest effeminacy, and Goliath of Gath was great only in the grossness of his nature. A little more refined but scarcely less fal- lacious is the assumption that every man carries the key to his capacity and character in the contour of his face, expression of his countenance, as seen when living or repre- sented in histrionic mementoes. Although we instinctively judge of living men by their looks, and cherish fondly and yery properly the busts and portraits of those who haye deceased in the midst of great deeds or after useful examples, still we have to answer, it is "the lives of great men" not their physical likeness by which we learn their proper measure. Some propose judg- ing all men by the shape and size of a single organ, the brain, as measured by the solid bones that contain it — and such are of course both historians and prophets — but they can never reveal by this method the worth of a nuiuiniied Pharaoh nor the fatare susceptibilities of a single educated Modoc. Admitting the isefal hints of this handy method, we still distrust its abitrary inches and their arrangements, as yjrossly material, if not unjust and injurious, and we look for more satisfying methods if hap- ly we maj' lind them. Even when we have emerged from these materialistic means and modes of judgmg men, we have still indefinite and discordant ideas of the attributes we would determine. What is great in the eyes of one is often igno- ble in the esteem of others. Some regard men good for their greatness, that massive mental energv by which even bad men bear down before them all opposition, suggesting the exclamation : "O, it is excellent to have a giant's strength !" Of course these omit the antithetic part to this quotation. Others esteem men great for their goodness and more wisely say : "However it be, it seems to me • 'Tis only noble to be good." Some suppose greatness and goodness are unlike, but always associated together, while others assume that they are seldom united in one person. Napoleon and Alex- ander are usually called great without thinking of goodness, while John Howard and Florence Xightingale are as often re- garded good without a thought of greatness. Some parents set apart their sons of talent for the law, and of tender conscience for the gospel, as if talent and truth were incompat- ible. One distinguished writer says : ''The good may be weak, be indolent." And yet another gives the sentiment : "Tliere were some soul of goodness in things evil Would men observingly distill it out." Some discover the highest goodness in courtliness of bearing, honoring most a Chesterfield's accomplishments, or the grace and dignitj'^ with whieh a man may don his robes and read his ritual or perform the cer- emonies of his order, while others still, with friend-like simplicity, would assert in their broad hats and narrow coats : "My prayer, far better understood lu acts than weds, is simply doing good." Graceful, ungrudging hospitality, is jastly regarded indicative of a large heart and a generous nature. The good Samaritan is set forth as a model in this respect, even bj' our Saviour ; yet one very careful observer declares that much of apparent hospitality is hollow and assures us "Whoe'er has traveled life's dull round. Where'er his stages may have been, Must sigli to think how oft he's found Tlie warmest welcome in an inn." The idea of greatness with some is insep- arable from ostentation and wealth, with others from royalty or rank, bat both irre- spective of right. The most disgusting de- velopment of "shoddy" shows the highest esteem of the one, while the veriest sot or simpleton, if he have an illustrious sire, se- cures the best graces of the other. Some would make notoriety a test and esteem Thomas a' Kempis as great, simply be- cause his little book about "Imitating Christ" had a big run, but such would consider quite superior still the bloody Timur with his hecatombs of human skulls. It is not always safe to judge of men by the public sentiment of their times concerning them. In some respects historic men may be measured by contemporary opinion — but it often happens that the greatest and the best are esteemed during life, as the worst and the least. In nearly every period there have been some "despised and rejected of men" of their time, who have risen "to glory, honor and eternal life" in the subse- quent annals of the world. Nor may we judge of living and historic men wholly by their surroundings, or vis- ible success in life, or subsequent events of which they were the movers. Two twin brothers have been known to share the same bed and bench in college, graduate with like honors and enter the same profes- sion with equal promise. But when a great good man is sought for public service, "one is taken and the other left." An English woman once said to me, when looking at Abdul Aziz and Albert Edward at the same time, "The sultan certainly seems superior, but we must think of the noble nrospects of our prince." The rule by which she judged was just, and yet no prophet can unfold the future of the prince of Wales, while Abdul Aziz fell almost unmourned at the hand of a distinguished but dastardly assassin. It is also sometimes true, as Solomon says, that "A wise ehild is better than an old and foolish king." Men are sometimes found to be according to their own early anticipations and hopes. The patriarch Joseph had in the dreams of the night and the aspirations of the days of his boyhood most wonderful ideas of his future greatness. Nor is this confined alone to the good. Alexander and Mohammed on the one hand, and Michael Angelo, Henrj' Havelock and Abraham Lincoln on the other, all had like presentiments of pros- pective importance. And yet we now see that many a youth and hale alumnus of the schools fancies the whole world within his sling waving round his hand at will: but others perceive his world is but an inflated child's baloon that in his giddy presumption may slip from his hand and sail off among the spires and trees. Even good men and great have also often failed to find or feel the true measure of themselves until the very last. Some, like Cicero, have thought more highly of themselves than men ought to think ; others have been distinguished by their unconscious capacities of good, while many more no doubt have never known their real worth to the world, like the nameless authors of "Now I lay me down to sleep," and "The curfew must not toll to- night." "We might continue this kind of inquiry to any length, but we have now gone far enough to see that true ideas of excellence must exclude the false in every form and rise gradually into the absolute and true. WE LOOK NOW AT THE WORLD, relatively to find real worth. Here we see men must be estimated, as themselves, in their varied responsibilities. The inherent ability of each, his education, attending in- fluences, 'providential position and poten- tial purposes of good, engrafted on the cur- rent events of successive ages, should all come into our account in estimating him. He must be considered great and good in com- parative degrees, passing up in our esti- mates from the material to the mental, from the mental to the moral and from the moral to the divine. Men have learned in this enlightened age and especially through- out this Christian land, to consider citizens and public servants in their relations to so- ciety and to the Supreme Ruler, and history has also for centuries refused to say that all princes, popes and presidents, are ex officio et exaniino, great and good. There are the intrinsic worth or weakness, and the extrinsic aids or disadvantages to be associated in our estimates always. The ele- ment of Providence must be admitted as pre-eminent. "There's a Divinity which shapes our ends. Rough hew them as we will." The idea of a strictly "self-made man" is simply absurd. We may not thus deify any man's individuality. We cannot easily eliminate any character from its extrinsic concomitants and causes. Also, there is often much doubt as to the auxiliary facts. We know John Faust or some one, aided by various antecedent suggestions, invented the printing art. About the same time some other person, in a like manner, invented common paper to receive the printers' im- pressions, which was almost as important to the public. When asked which was the greater and better of these two contempor- ary and coadjutant benefactors, we can only say : He who obeyed the best impulses and suggestions and accomplished the best pur- poses was the greater and better man. Columbus, inspired with ideas of other explorers, became one of the best and brav- est of Christian benefactors. His giandeur of plan and persistency of purpose to find "the new heavens and new earth," predict- ed for the use of God's people, show that he was a man of immense moral motive power, and so when he discovered this western hem- isphere he consecrated it to the will of his heavenly father and called it San Sal- vador after the name of his "Holy Saviour." His historic worth is usually weighed by the vast world he won from oblivion and opened to the virtues and joys of Christian civilization. His work seems born of his own indomitable will — it was born of God's providence, which had been obeyed bjr his predecessors and which pre- pared him for the purpose and made him physically and morally as fearless as a mar- tyr. The highest honor, here and always, is due to the divine purpose that is seen every- where pressing forward the process of ripen- ing this whole round world, that hangs clustered among the stars, on that invisible gravitation stem — the divine -volition, which is at the same time weaving the lives of all useful men into the liber vera, the true bark of history's living tree, which works the grandeur of their faith into even govern- ment affairs, forming the divinely welded links of succeeding ages, the intertwined and well-protected strands of that electric cable, which lies imbeded in the sea of time and runs from land to land, connecting in one age most distant shores and epochs, bringing together all human hearts, ming- ling in the Heavenly Father's bottle all hu- manity's tears, and linking the first para- dise of earth with the farthest paradise of heaven, by means of that subtle and ceaseless providence that presses even human wrath into heavenly service and makes "all things work together for good to them that love God." So we see all men of worth are weighed with the providential hand pressing on the scale, and there they must be aggregated with the public mass as self-controling and com- ponent parts. Thus, Washington, Frank- lin and .Jefferson, Webster, Wil- son and Ijincoln must all be estimated, and none felt these essential facts so much as they. We also find that there is something always to detract from the deserts of such distinguished men, some defects of heart or habit to hurt their history. They may be stars of the first magnitude, or even central suns, around which many planets with their satelites revolve — but still the sun has the inevitable spots on the surface, issuing usually from some inherent source. Nearly all, even the best of men, have, evinced something that looks bad. How much we are to detract from the meeds of great and good men on this ac- count, is not easily ascertained. The Greek sophists and Roman senators were great and good, as it were, in one or two direc- tions, and awry in nearly every other way. In the same manner, the biblical believers, though more generally excellent, have near- ly all some natural and exceeding faults, unllinchingly confessed, which do detract from their measure as model men. We feel sadly when we read of David's heinous sins, and can hardly accept his cost- ly penitential psalms as a substitute for that life-long victory over every lust which his example should have shown to all coming times. So, since the inspired ages, no one person, public or private, seems to have been a per- fect success. Although we delight in Wes- ley, we wish he had chosen a more con- genial wife. We love to honor the Swiss reformer, and yet we wish John Calvin had not been in the least implicated in the sen- tence of Servetus. We have to abate some- thing from our veneration of Coleridge, when we read his "Aphorisms," but remem- ber his love of opium. The sad and sunny Cowper, as seen now through his melan- choly moods, borderi'ng on a suicidal in- sanity, and then again through the mellow light of his charming hymns of hope and consecration and the glistening dew drops on that day when he received his "Mother's Picture," is one whom we always wish to put in the balance lovingly and gently. As to himself we can hardly call him great. He thought of himself as never good, yet he stands in some sense a model among both good and great, through heaven's abounding grace. Milton's motive power as patriot and poet was largolv moral, while his thoughts and strokes were also massy, and we admit him to be relatively as good as great. When we find Shakespeare nowhere wrote with an uppermost moral purpose, his meed of honor as a good man is indeed impaired, while Sir Francis Bacon's philosophy on the one hand and bribery on the other lead us to almost excuse the charge of his distin- guished countryman that he was the "wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind." He was overcome with the blandishments of elegant society for want of the indwelling spirit of God in Christ in his heart and character. AVe have here then another element still to be adnutted to our account. That is the re- newing and sustaining grace of (!od within the individual heart. It was this that made the prophet Daniel — that captive boy and faultless primeminister of several successive emperors and kings — the . perfect model to which his Maker twice pointed with almost apparent pride. There is to this day such superhuman aid adapted to the human heart and life, and many historic men have laid hold upon it with a te- nacity that teaches wherein they placed their highest hopes. This supernatural system of success and safety, is supremely suited to both luen and states, leading indi- vidual members of society to see and seek what is right and wise and thereby to in- corporate their own convictions and char- acters into the compacts and constitutions and laws which they originate for the great- er unity and good of man. The wisest men bear witness to this superhuman work, and their testimony from experience is the best beneath the sun. They say : "We have been helped along our way and in our worK Dy a wisdom not our own. We have a knowl- edge of this heavenly help and the conscious reception of ita holy truths into our hearts to lead us to success and usefulness. This we ac(}uired not so much from reasoning as from the reunion of our hearts to our Heavenly Father's love and laws." This is a fact, however, we must confess, of which those cannot fairly judge who have not felt it as a new and nobler nature in themselves. The fact is, nevertheless, philosophical and clear. Such principles of Christian virtue invigorate every power and purpose — they strengthen the mind, refine the sensi- bilities and give divine direclion and energy to the will, securing in some sense the very " life of God in the sowls" and lives of such great, good men. By this means they evi- dently more clearly understand the wants of the world and develop a better manhood and work out in themselves and in society nobler destinies, because " it is God that worketh in theni to will and do of his good pleasure." The only perfect example, how- ever, of a complete incarnation of the divine will and character was " the man Christ Jesus," who is now become " our Lord Je- sus Christ." AHSOI.WTE GREATNESS AND GOOPNESS are in Jesus Christ as a complete model, and in the words of Pilate, when he led him forth to martyrdom, we therefore say of him: "Behold the man !" In his historic life and power we find all the essential attri- butes of greatness and goodness in full per- fection and full play. When the lloman sceptre ruled the civil world and required that all men honor C;esar Augustus, .Tesus of Nazareth was growing up in hun-.ble ob- scurity, working at the carpenter's trade, but preparing to receive "all power in heav- en and earth " with the pre-existent glory which he had "with the Father be- fore the world was." In a few years the city of the August C:i\sar was set on fire by his successor, and Tacitus tells us, "The royal incendiary charged with the crime and punished with the most studied severity that class of persons whom the people commonly call Christians. The originator of that name," he says, "was one Christ, who in the days of Tiberius (';i'sar suffered death by the {)rocurator I'ilate." Now, this great Latin historian no doubt despised those Christians to whom Nero applied the punishment for his own peni- tentiary offenses. He as evidently felt no interest in Christ after whom the5 were "vulgarly called," but long ago the symbol of sovereignty at Rome was the instrviment of Christ's crucifixion, and while all the august Ciesars are well nigh forgotten, and never had any ennobled and ennobling imitators, Christ's example is filling the world with faithful and affectionate follow- ers, and the divinity that wrought the will of God in him is going forth to-day to govern men and states. We know not which to admire most, the simplicity and sublimity of his model life in the flesh, or the sweet- ness and supremacy of his influence upon society and time. We see in his experience goodness "hated without cause" — greatness evinced under unmerited suffering and scorn — goodness and greatness poised in mighty condescension on his own conscious innocence and power. Revealing himself in the humblest of human beginnings he teaches the i)Oorest parent to hope for the noblest destiny for their off- spring. Being subject to parental authority and yet eager to ask and answer moral ques- tions, he teaches children to obey their nat- ural guardians and to seek to understand and do the will of God. As himself a com- mon working man, he encourages useful in- dustry of every kind. As a faithful, philan- thropic minister and teacher, he educated well his disciples and "went about doing good," preaching in the symigogues and private houses, on the hillsides and by the sea, that his followers should do good by all ai>propriate means. And, choosing his apjstles from the various walks and social ranks, he teaches the whole brotherhood of man and adapts his truth, and life and death to all,' not forgetting even the mariners in the midnight storm, nor the weeping sisters of Lazarus or the widow of Nain when burying her only son. In his last ascent to the holy city he weeps over his people's sins and the consequent sorrows of their country and destruction of its capital, that all citi- zens might feel a like solicitude for the sal- vation of men and states. He teaches even in Gethsemane the grandest lessons of sup- plicating and yet submissive prayer, ever known, even superior to that sublime example so lately seen when all Christen- dom uttered the prolonged and prayerful cry that if it be possible our cup of bereavement might pass us by. Yielding to the Father's will he went forth to death, but on his way he turned aside with sanitary touch to heal the wound inflicted by the sword which he had bidden to buy, and in his dying agonies he addressed his mother a few tender words and then uttered his dying cry : "It is finished!" and his mediatorial martyr life is done — the perfect model of all men is dead ! "Being delivered up by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God and with wicked hands both crucified and slain," he shows the sovereignty and sin of every martyrdom before or since that is at all like his, so his postnumous fame with theirs shall last and live forever, with continual and uniting increase of power. As we re- call his words we are awed by his conscious as well as his historic goodness : "Which of you convicteth me of sin ?" We are helped and humoled before his conscious, as well as his historic greatness : "Be of good cheer, I have overcome the world, and will be with you to the end." Thus his principles, his presence and his helping power have, as Lincoln said, "put fallen men upon their feet again," till they are, all round the world, having "Christ formed within the hope of glory" for both society and souls, for men and states. He is thus, as the old Hebrew seers foresaw, "The gover- nor among the nations." The supreme law of the United States is now, with its amendments' the application of his golden rule and its preamble was prompted by hiir'self. Our young men, inspired by his martyr spirit, clasped to their breasts the shafts of death that liberty might live, and our young women are willing to go into all the world to raise up woman to the noble rank of her who by her heroic devotion drove away so long the shafts of death from our dear presi- dent's heart, becoming thereby the admira- tion of all the world, the peeress of both empress or queens and a fitting representa- tive of a million cultured Christian wives and mothers in this western world which Columbus and the colonists first consecrated to the cross. PRESIDENT GARFIELD was pre-eminently Christ-like, and therein ranks high as great and good. It were not well to particularize, perhaps, the numerous points of resemblance in their lives and characters — for Christ came into such a hu- man life that it might be so imitated in various ways in all lands and times. Yet we can hardly overlook the faith and hope of the two mothers. Mary of Nazareth and Beth- lehem, and Eliza Ballou Garfield of northern Ohio, as they receive their offspring con- secrate to the Holy Ghost, one the mother of the Son of God, the other praying that her son might be a follower of the Saviour and a wise and useful Christian citizen. The poverty in which her "baby boy" began the struggle of life prepared him to appreciate the privations of the Galileean child and youth as he grew in stature worked at build- ing houses and blessing his mother's hum- ble lot. O, what language can do justice' to these examples of maternal love repaid by filial piety among the praying and industri- ous poor. In James A. " Garfield, like Jesus, the Son of God, from his humble be- ginning to his high work in educational and public life, it is profitable to see the human- divine example imitated and obeyed with a supreme devotion to the Heavenly Father's will. His steps were so rapid and divinely attended that they almost seem unreal. Descended from English, Gallic and German ancestry and born as poor as the renowned babe of Bethlehem, we see him watch his wan and widowed mother split rails to fence in her little cornfield, and count the ears to see how long lier scanty harvest could keep her children from starving. Then at fourteen we see him shaking the saw and shoving the plain of tlie carpenter, at six- teen he is driving to and fro the inter-state commerce in the lieavily loaded canal boats, at eighteen he is asking a student of human nature to tell whether he has stamina enough to become a student and enter the semi- nay at Chester. At twenty-one he is a teacher in the public schools of his county, at twenty three he enters Williams' college, attracted thither by one kind word from its president. At twenty-six he graduates with the highest philosophical honors, at twen- ty eight he is president of Hiram college, at twenty-nine he is the youngest member of the Ohio senate, at thirty-one he is col- onel of the Forty second Ohio regiment composed largely of his old friends and students, and soon at the head of a brigade is seen routing the rebels under the rotund Humphrey Marshall, helping General Buel in his fight at Pittsburg Landing, taking a leading part in the siege of Corinth. At thirty-two was made chief of stafT of the army of the (Cumberland and made a major- general for his courage and ability in the battle of Chicamauga, at thirty-three suc- ceeded the venerable Joshua R. Gidi-lings in congress from the" famous nineteenth dis- trict of Ohio till at forty-eight he was elected to the United States senate and the next November, at forty-nine, he was chosen l)resident of the United States and in the fiftieth year of his life was shot by Guiteau, the assassin. In his early youth he pro- fessed to be a Christian disciple and was never ashamed of the name nor swerved from the most hearty and heroic imitation of the Saviour. As an educator and preach- er he was apostolic — as a deliberator, arbiter and legislator, he was eloquent and able, learned and laborious — surpassing in that respect both John Adams and Henry Wil- son, who were marvels of influential in- dustry—and as president his short adminis- tration is the most memorable in our exe- cutive annals "for its rapid and splendid statesmanship," its reformation of the postal, the civic and the diplomatic service, its indictment and dissolution of a band of conspirators against the public treasury ; the refunding of the public debt upon greatly reduced rates of inter- est, and above all, the vindication of the presidential prerogatives and duties with all due deference to the rights and dignities of his constitutional advisers. For all these wonderful works he was providentially and adequately fitted. He was indeed "fearfully and wonderfully made." His physical frame was large, endurant and full of life and ac- tivity. His niental powers were magnifi- cent and his moral, sublime. He seemed the completest' man I ever saw. Daniel Webster's person did not impress me as more imposing and hishatin the Pennsylya- nia museum would have scarcely covered Garfield's brow. But still more magnifi- cent was Garfield's moral courage, modeled after the spirit of Christ and his noblest Christian martyrs. My friend and class- mate, General and Ex-Governor Cox, told me how he and Garfield in the Ohio legisla- ture spent whole nigtits hi prayer to know what God would have tlieiu do for the pro- tection of ihis (Jhrislian country at the open- iiiL'of ihe war. This statement was made just before (Jarlield rose to dedicate on the .id of July, LSSO, the soldiers monument at I'aiiis- ville. In a few moTnents the nominee for president, aware that his every word would be read and rei)eated by every voter in the nation, arose above the vast sea of heads and pointing to the new and granite struc- ture before him, said: "WilAT noES THAT MOND.MENT MICAN? "That monument means a world of mem- ories and a world of deeds, a world of tears and a world of glories. You know, thous- ands know what it is to oiler up your life to the country, and that is no small ihing, sis every soldier knows. Let me put the ques- tion to you for a moment. Suppose your country in the awful embodied form of ma- jestic law, should stand before you ami say : '1 want your life — come up here on this platform and offer it.' How many would walk up before iliat majestic presence and say : 'Here am I ; take thi.s life and use it for your >i;reat needs.' And yet, almost two millions of men made that answer. That is one of the monument's meanings. "But, my friends, let me try you a little further. To give up life is much, for it is to give up wife, and home, and child, and am- bition, and all — almost all. But let me test you this way again. Suppose that awful majestic form should call out to you and say : 'I ask you to give up health and drag yourself, not dead, but half alive, through a miserable existence for long years until you perish and die in your crippled and hope- less condition. I ask you to do that.' And it calls for a higher reach of j)atriotisiu and self sacrifice. But hundreds of thousaudsof our soldiers did that. That is what the mon- ument means also. "But let me ask you to go one step further. Suppose your country should say : 'Come here, upon this platform, and in my name and for my sake consent to be idiots, consent that your very brain and iatellect shall be broken down into hoi^ele.ss idiocy for my sake; how many could be found to make that venture? And yet thousands did that with their eyes wide open to the horrible consequence. One hundred and eighty thousand of our soldiers were prisoners of war. and among them, when death was stalking, when famine was climbing up in- to their hearts, and when idiocy was tlireat- ening all that was left of their intellects, the gates of their prison stood open every day if they would just desert their Hag and enlist uiiiter the llag of the enemy, and out of 18§,000 not two per cent ever received the liberation from death, starvation, idiocy and all that might come to them ; but they took . all these sufferings in preference to going back upon the llag of their country and the glory of its truth. Great God, was ever such measure of patriotism reached by any men upon this earth before? That is what your monument means. By the stibtle che'iiistry that no man knows, all the blood that was shed by our brethren, all the lives that were thus devoted, all the great grief that was felt, at last crysUilized itself into granite and rendered immortal the great truths for which they died, and it stands tliere to-day. That is what your monument means." As he thus spoke, so near^that liis very breath fell upon me, he seemed himself all radiant and again ready if need be for the al- tar, and I felt like adding the exclamation : God I how tills hmd ktows rich in royal blood, Poured out uiion it to its Vitiiiost length, The iufeuse of a nation's .saciitice, 'I'he wrested oll'erin;; of a nation's strength ! It 's the fostiliest laud beneath the sun ! 'Tis priceles-i, purchiiscli-ssi And not a rood But hath its title wri'ten dear, and signed In some slain hero's consecrated blood I And this declaration is rendered more in- tense by the nuinner of (iarfield's death and the specific principles for which he laid down his life at last. He seemed, indeed, to have some high [iresentiment of his pros- pective sacrifice. He said to me, when we sat in the shade of his house, June 21, IS.SO, "I did not want to run this race for the pres- idency, which means either to be defeated and perhaps laid aside from public useful- ness forever, or to be elected to the mcst overwhelming work ever laid upon a will- ing public servant." He then spoke of the particular duties that would devolve on the incoming i)resident, prominent among which would be the establishment of cor- dial relations between the national legisla- ture and the executive, and maintaining the rights and meeting the responsibility of the chief magistratfc in the matter of the civil and diplomatic service. He said the old Koman senator and republican Martyr Cicero, in his work dc ojiciix, had suggested te him many grand principles concerning what public servants owed to their country, and he hoped if elected to hold all his appointees toa faithful apprecia- tion of the responsibilities of their respective positions. It was, no doubt, because of his deep sense of his duties as president, and his obligations to ^11 the people, that his life was at last again put in jeopardy. Whether he anticipated this when he opened his heart so plainly to me I know not; but when he sent his son Irwin for his hat to show me the words which I first quoted, he said, with great solemnity and simplicity, "I of course have not the vanity or the pro- fanity to apply that passage to myself, ex- cept so far as I am in sympathy with the Saviour, as his representative and servant;" and his words, "Is it not remarkable that that passage should have been handed to nie just then?" were tremulous with emo- tion. Now I could see a sort of premoni- tion in his accents. That he had martyr- liKe forebodings will be readily admitted. Even the night before his inauguration his words to his colh ge classmates were won- derfully predictive. He said: "Classmates, to me there is something ex- ceedingly pathetic in this reunion. In every eye before me I see the light of friendship and love, and I am sure it is reflected back to each one of you from my inmost heart. For twentj'-two years, with the exception of the last few days, I have been in the public service. To- night I am a private citizen. To-morrow I shall be called to resume new responsibili- ties, and on the day after the broadside of the worlds wrath will strike, it will strike hard I I know it, and you will know it. Whatever may happen to me in the future, I shall feel that I can always fall back upon the shoulders and hearts of the class of '5(5 for their approval of that ^hich is right, and for their qjiaritablejudgment wherein I may come short in the discharge of my pub- lic duties. You may write down in your books now the largest percentage of blun- ders which you think I will be likely to make, and you will be sure to lind in the end that I have made more than vou have calculated — many more ! "This honor comes to me unsought ! I have never had the presidential fever — not even for a day — nor have 1 it to-night. I have no feeling of elation in view of the po- sition I am called upon to fill. I would thank God were I to-day a free lance in the senate or tlie house. But it is not to be ! And I will go forward to meet the responsi- bilities and discharge the duties that are be- fore me with all the firmness and ability 1 can command. I hope you will be able conscientiously to approve my conduct, and when I return to private life I wish you to give me another meeting with the class." These tender words of presentiment are not surpassed by even the Martyr Lincoln's larewell words at Springfield. Those of you who are familiar with Socrates' address to the Athenian authorities just before his martyrdom may see a remarkable resem- blance between the valadictions of these great and good men, but all will observe the striking similarity between CJarlield's meet- ing with his classmates and tlie INIessiah's pathetic meeting with his disciples on his near ai>proach to death. How sadly did our Saviour foretell bis trial "to-morrow and the day following" when the Shepherd should be smitten and the sheep mourn as having no shepherd. And how intensely full of pathos and of prescience are our last mar- tyred president's words tlie night before his inauguration : "To me there is something exceedingly pathetic in this re-union. To- morrow I shall be called to assume new re- sponsibilities, and the day after tlie broad- side of the world's wrath will strike! It will strike hard!" Audit did strike. Not «nlj' did disap- pointed politicians and the exposed robbers of the people's treasury pour forth tlieir wordy wrath upon him, but even the proud and factional press of a portion of his own party denounced his moral daring and dis- tinguished public men in the United States senate defied it, after a disgraceful dead-lock of many days for the spoils of ofiice and by transferring the second vice president to a different party endangered his successor, while he was smitten down by the incarnation of their displeasure. I stand abashed before this horrid, heartrending spectacle, and can re- call no case of assassiuation that can be considered so astounding and cruel, and no martyrdom where the victim suffered more clearly in defence of Christian truth and vir- tue. As the tallest pine of the forest is sought by the savage to light up and burn down as a signal, so Garfield, the majestic and peerless chief magistrate was selected that the whole world might see our coun- try's sins and her sorrows, and yet all come and condole together in the tenderest and most truth-loving sympathy. As the cross was the crowning of Christ's mission, so Garfield's sufferings in his slow tortures of martyrdom have made him intensely, im- mensely immortal. It is like the assassina- tion of Abner, when King David led the burial procession, weeping as he went, and saying : " Know ye not tliat a prince and a great man bath fiillen this day in Israel." And as the sad king apostrophised tlie dead saying : "As a man falleth before wicked men, so feliest thou ; "thus does the whole civil- ized world say the great and good Garfield fell I All nations are now praying : "God pity the martyr's old mother, his widow and her five fatherless children ! God pity, preserve and aid, ^'resident Chester A. Arthur, and may he wear unsullied the mantle of his martyred predecessor !" And I conclude by saying : May tlie prayer with whicli Garfield closed his address the last moment I saw him at the foot of the monu- ment for his fallen soldiers be realized be- yond his most sanguine expectatious. He said : "What does that monument teach us? It is not a lesson of revenge. It is not a les- son of wrath. It is the grand, sweet, broad lesson of the immortality of a truth that we hope will soon cover, as with the grand sbecbinah of light and glory all parts of this republic from the lakes to the gulf. I once entered a house in old Massachusetts where over its door were two crossed swords. One was tbe sword carried by tbe grandsire of its owner on the field of Bunker Hill, and the other was a sword carried by the English grandsire of the wife on the same field and on the other side of the con- flict. Uuder those crossed swords, in the restored harmony of domestic peace lived a happy and contented and free family under the light of our republican liberties. I trust the time is not far distant, when under the crossed swords and the locked shields of America's north and south our people shall sleep in peace and rise in liberty, and love and harmony, under the union of our flag of stars." This prayer is answered. His blood" has sealed tbe union of the states and the nations. C(Fl"ci^ t-fiG Wsu/i'iat. BY OMVKR WKNDKLL HOLMES. Fallen wilh autumn's falling leaf. Eip yet the summer's noon was p^st, Our friend, our guide, our trusted chief— What words can match a woe so vast? And whose the chartered claim to speak The saired srief where all have part; When sorrow saddens every cheek And broods in every aching heart. Yet Nature prompts the burnins phrase Tluit thrills the linshed and shrouded hall- Th<> loud lantent, the sorrowing: praise, The silent tear that love lets falls. In loftiest verse, in lowliest rhyme. Shall sirive unblanied the minstrel choir— The singers of the newh rn t me. And trembling age with outworn lyre. No room for pride, no place for blame— We fling our blossouison the grave. Pale, scentless, faded— aH we claim, This only— what we had we gave. Ah, could the grief of all who mourn Bend in one voice its bitter cry. The wall to heaven's high arches borne Would echo through the caverned sky. O happiest land whose peaceful choice Fills with breath the empty throne! God, speaking through the i>eople"s voice. Has made that voice for once his own. No angry passion shakes the State Wh' se weary servant seeks for rest— And who could fear that scowling hate Would strike at that unguarded breast? He stands— miconscions of his doom, In manly stren,i;tli. ei'ecl, sevene- Aromid liim Summer spreads her bloom — He fads— what horror clothes the scene ! How swift the sudden Hash of woe \* here all was bright a-s childhood's dream, As if from heaven's etherial bow Had leaped the lightning's arrowy gleam ! B ot the foul deed from history's page- Let not the aU-betraying sun Blush for the day that stains an age When murder's blackest wreath was won. Pa'e on his couch the sufferer lies. The weary battle-ground of pain : Lo Tf tends his pillow, science tries Her every art, alas! in vain. The strife endures how long ! how long ! Life, death seem balanced in the scale, W^hile round his bed a viewless throng Awaits each morrow's changing tale. In realms the desert ocean parts What myriads watch with tear-filled eyes, His pulse-heats echoing in their hearts. His breathings counted with their sighs ! Slowly the stores of life are spent, yet hope still battles with despair; Will Heaven not yield when knees are bent? Answer. O Thoii that hearest prayer ! But silent is tlie bra/.en sky; On swet'ijs the meteor's threatening train- Unswerving Nature's mute reply. Bound in her adamantine chain. Not our- the verdict to decide Whom death shall claim or skill shall save ; The hero's life though Heaven denied. It gave our land a martyr's grave. Nor count the teaching vainly sent How human hearts their griefs may share— The lesson woman's love has lent. What hope may do, what faith can bear ! Farewell ! the leaf-strewn earth enfolds Our st;iy, our pride, our hopes, our fears; And autiimn'sgolden sun beholds A Nation bowed, a world in tears. BY JULIA WABD HOWE. Our sorrow sends its shadow round the Earth. So brave, so true ! A hero from his birth ! The plumes of Empire moult, in mourning draped, The lightning's message by our tears is shaped. Lif s vanities that blossom for an hour Heap on his funeral car their fleeting flower. Commerce forsakes her temples, blind and dim, And pours her lardy gold, to homage him. The notes of griet to age familiar grow ^ Before the sad privations all must know; But the majestic cadence which we hear To-day, is new in either hemisphere. What crown is this, high hung and hard to reach, Whose glory so outshines our laboring speech ? The crown of Honor, pure and unbetrayed; He wins the spurs who bears the knightly aid. While royal babes incipient empire hold. And, for bare prruuise, gra^p thf scepter's gold. This man such service to his age did bring That they who knew him servant, hailed him king. Ill poverty his infant couch was spread ; His tender hands soon wrought for daily bread; But from the cradle's bound his w lling feet The errand of the moment w ent to meet. When learning's page unfolded to his view, Tlie quick disciple straight a teacher grew; And when the fight of freedom stirred the land. Armed was his heart and resolute his hand. Wise in the council, stalwart in the field ! Such rank supreme a workman's huts may yield. His onward steps like measured marbles show. Climbing the hight where Gods great flame doth glow. Ah ! Rose of joy, that hid'st a thorn so sharp ! Ah! Golden woof that meet'st a severed warp! Ah ! Solemn comfort that the stars rein down ! The Hero's garland his, the Martyr's crown ! Newport, September 25, 1881. LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS HA... ® ®^3 785 754 6 BY THOMAS NELSON September 6, 1881. A liero, long peerless in patience, is l.ving, And fighting on daily fierce battles for life ; For sixty-five days he seemed living and dying — His strength for the struggle, the chief in the strife. He liaeath on his pale horse,",'and pallor. And Wiisting and weakness are wonderful woes! "One Chance in ii hundred" have heroes oft cherished. But "one in a thousand" 's a different thing; And now every hope in ten thousand hath perished ■ But one— 'tis removal, as if on the wing. Where the breakers may roar aud the sea- beelzes sing; With courage undaunted to this he dotli cling. "The Federal City" lies folded iii beauty; The night hours pass cool over palace and cot; The watchers and doctors are waiting on duty, Where the great man, the good man is waiting his lot. » Of heroes tlie greatest, with heavenly graces. Chief Magistrate, chosen of Church and of State, The ruler revered of all realms aud all races. Now fettered with weakness is waiting lii.s fate; While prayers of the nation — all nations — uphold him From fainting and falling in Death's firm embrace; A wife's love and faith, toD, with life grasp enfold him, As fair and serene as the sheen on her face. The westward moon also keeps watch, like a lighthouse Betokening safety to some tossing bark, While the fringe of her mantle reflects on the "White House" A silvery silence from shade trees and park ; And now, the set day dawns, ye surgeons and nurses, For gray-sandled mom moves in sa.shes of gold ; Her fair face the misty, foul miasm disperses ; Her fond arms the hero, so faint, well enfold. 'Tis the morn set for moving "His E.\cellence" eastward, Where Ocean's pure breezes will fan his pale brow ; Aud the whole land e.vpectant will list for the least word That tells of his journey, each movement, and how. For the- people with warm hearts in chill air have waited All night near to see him, so weighty in worth. Come forth on his couch with his country's hope freight- ed, — A life the most honored of all upon earth. The pulse of their hope, even, is heard in its beating. So still and so tender have stood the dense ciowd ; From the hour the last sun wiis in silence retreating. Not a voice nor a footstep is heard speaking loud. Then lift him up tenderly, lovingly, carefully; Do bring him down stairways with brave, stead}' hand, And place him in ambulance, bare-browed aud prayer- fully, For he is beloved through all tlie broad land ! Ye grooms lead your horses now gravely aud slowly Along the smooth pavement, between the live ma.ss (^if sympathy, looking— in high life and lowly— And watching and praying as ye softly pass; Let all in attendance, from surgeon to valet, Be kindness itself in your constancy's care; The President must rest undisturbed on his pallet. Anil be borne like a bird on the wings of your i)iay<*r So move to the palace car, place him on mattress liun;; As if upon eagle's wings poising in air, While "God bless hims" yearn forth from the old, l':iii and young — Nor fear the assassin can follow liini there ! The one pines in i)rison, who, once proudly dreamini; He could render immortal his miscreant name, Would murder even G.\KFiKi,u, just when he was beam- ing With life's fullest vigor and virtuous fame ; But Guiteau safely dreams of dread guerdons assembleil , And fancies the people are i>lotting his fate; All night long hath he tiodden his ilark cell and trem- bled, And now he peers grim through his iron-bound grate:— "What nieaneth," he saith, "this silent commotion? 1 fear 'tis a mob that will tear me in twain !" — O, long let him dread loyal jieople's devotion To their virtuous Chieftain, his vice would have slain '■ Now the staunch Locomotive stands light-winged and steacly, With Engineer Page and Conductor on hand; The telegraph ticks that "the train is all ready,'" And the Country responds with a royal command : Fly on! noble Engine, like rustle of angels. Fly swiftly, bear safely the good man and great; Let reverent people flock near with evangels From station to station and State unto State; Let the elements help, Heaven's behests all obeying. Assist, speed the journey, with silence and joy, Whife the still hours proceed, wherein whole States are praying. And the distant old mother sighs, "God bless my boy !"' A hero, long peerless in patience, is lying, In the beautiful "Cottage," built close by the sea. Where doubtful days linger, 'twixt living and dying, Aud God only knows what is going to be; But the good man, the great man, who hath fought many battles. Whose will fairly won every war-rulHed field, Hears the shot round him fall like the rain drops' faint rattle. And his faith shall not fail— for that taith is his shield — "One chance in a hundred" have heroes oft cherished- Yet "one in a thousand" 's a different thing ; Aud though every hope in ten thousand hath perislied But one— Garfield's faith, that is folding its wing Where the breakers may roar and the sea breezes slug ; Still to this in repose our hopes ])rayerfully cling.