Qass f ib3 Book ~:?<^'^ %^ ^ >/^- PHILADELPHIA IN 1830—1 OR, A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC OBJECTS IN THIS METROPOLIS. FORMING ^ eottiiJlete (Sfttttre for Strangerst A USEFUL COMPENDIUM FOR THE INHAB- ' : ^iTANl^s.' "': " , . '/ ', J^hilatrelDhia: E. L. CAREY AND A. HART. Printed by James Kay, Jun. 8f Co. 1830. '0 1 Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to wit : Be it remembered, tliat on the ninth day of August, in the fifty-fifth year of the independence of the United States of America, A.D. 1830, E. L. Carey and A. Hart, of the said dis- trict, have deposited in this otfice the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit: Philadelphia in 1830 — 1 : or. a Brief Account of the Various Institutions and Public Objects in this Metropolis. Forming a Complete Guide' for Strangers, and a Useful Compendium for the Inhabitants. In conformity to the act of the congress of the United States, entitled " An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books to the authors and pro- prietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to the act, entitled " An act supplementary to an act, entitled ' An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books to the authors and proprie- tors of such copies during the times therein mentioned,' and ex- ten^ijig tjje benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, •arui etclwRg lfistj)rj;t?it ajid ojher ptil'iCs."" • • • • -°' ^\% '.•: .•*: ; : d. ti^Lctu^fiLL, « e e e • • 6l«Jkto£ tlje Easteafli pi^trlt^^ of Pennsylvania. \S^ ^^ ADVERTISEMENT. This little volume is intended rather as a stran- ger's guide, than a statistical picture of Phila- delphia. As such, the publishers flatter them- selves it will be found useful ; and, at the same time, the citizen, possessed of an extensive knowledge of our various institutions, may, by reference to the following pages, discover much that has escaped his notice. Doubtless, inac- curacies inseparable from a work of this de- scription will be discovered : they are, however, believed to be few, and of minor importance ; as no trouble was spared to procure the most correct information in relation to every subject herein noticed. The list of streets, lanes, alleys and courts is believed to be the most complete catalogue of the kind in existence, having been made with uncommon care, from an actual examina- tion of every part of the city, districts, and suburbs, by a person employed especially for the purpose. The plan of the City annexed is entirely new, and was also constructed from a careful personal inspection of the region em- braced in it. August 1830. OFFICERS OF THE CITY FOR 1830. Mayor^ William Milnor. Recorder, Joseph M'llvaine. Treasurer, Cornelius Stevenson. C Robert Brooke. Commissioners^ < Joseph Strahan. ( Jacob IJallinger. City Clerhy Robert H. Smith. List of Mdermen, with the dates of their Commissions, Robert Wharton, II October 1796. Johnlnskeep, 21 May 1799. Andrew Pettit, 22 October 1801. Matthew Lawler, 22 October 1801. Georg-e Bartram, SO April 1813. Samuel Badger, 24 July 1815. Peter Christian, 4 March 1818. Abraham Shoemaker, 8 April .1818. William Duane, 23 April 1822- Joseph Watson, 23 April 1822. John Binns, 2 December 1822. William Milnor, 7 January 1823. Andrew Geyer, 30 April 1829. Richard Willing, Jun. SO November 1829. Joseph Burden, January 1830. CONTENTS. The reader is referred to the accompanying Plan of the City for the location of the different Public Build- History and Description, The Primitive Settlement, Municipal Government, City of Philadelphia, Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, Kensington, Southwark, .... Moyamensing, Representation, Manufactures, China Manufactory, Cut Glass Manufactory, Floor Cloth Manufactory, Commerce, Vessels that entered the port from 1822 1829, .... Vessels built in 1828, Quantity of Flour inspected. Religious Institutions, Roman Catholics, Protestant Episcopal Church, A 2 to 13 16 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 34 34 35 35 36 36 VI Contents Presbyterians, Scots Presbyterians, Covenanters, Baptists, Methodists, Friends or Quakers, Free Quakers, German Lutherans, German Reformed, Reformed Dutch, Universalists, Swedenborgians, Moravians, Swedish Lutherans, Christian Church or Mount Zion, Menonists, Bible Christians, Mariner's Church, Jews, Unitarians, African Churches, Societies for the Promotion of Religion MoRAlITr, Charitable akd Humake Institctions, Pennsylvania Hospital, Dispensaries, Philadelphia Dispensary, Northern Dispensary, Southern Dispensary, Public Alms House, Friend's Alms House, Orphan Asylum, St Joseph's Asylum, Widow's Asylum, Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Christ Church Hospital, Lunatic Asylum, Contents. VII Provident Society, . . . &5 Female Society for the Relief of the Poor, 66 Female Hospitable Society, . . 66 Saving- Fund Society, . . •67 Saving" Fuel Society, ... 67 Soup Societies, . . . .68 Humane Society, ... 68 Magdalen Society, . . .68 Roman Catholic Orphan Society, . 69 Society for Alleviating* the Miseries of Public Prisons, . . . . .69 Abolition Society, . . > 70 Masonic Societies, . . . .71 House of Refug-e, . . . 75 Franklin Fund, . . . .72 Scott's Legacies, , . . 7^ Fund for supplying* the Poor with Fuel, 74 Fund for the relief of persons in the Hospital during- the existence of Yellow Fever, 74 Fund for supplying* the Poor with Bread, 74 Banks, Bank of the United States, Bank of North America, Bank of Pennsylvania, Bank of Philadelphia, Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Commercial Bank, Mechanics' Bank, Schuylkill Bank, Bank of Northern Liberties, Girard's Bank, Bank of Penn Township, Bank of Southwark, Kensington Bank, Instjrance Companies, Marine Insurance Companies, Insurance Co. of North America, 78 78 82 83 84 Q5 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 87 88 88 viii Contents. Insurance Co. of Pennsylvania, Union Insurance Co. . Phoenix Insurance Co. Delaware Insurance Co. Philadelphia Insurance Co. United States Insurance Co. . Marine Insurance Co. Atlantic Insurance Co. Fire Insurance Companies, Philadelphia Contributionship, Mutual Assurance Co. American Fire Insurance Co. Fire Association of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Co. Franklin Fire Insurance Co. Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives, 92 CoMMERciAi Institutions, Custom House, Wardens of the Port, Inspections, Chamber of Commerce, The Exchang-e, LlTERATTJIlE, PhILOSOPHX, ScIENCE, THE ArTS, &c. ... city Library, Loganian Library, Athenaeum, Friends' Library, Apprentices' Library, Mercantile Library, Southwark Library, Northern Liberty Library, Law Library, American Philosophical Society, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Museum, Contents. ix Academy of Fine Arts, . . . Ill College of Physicians, . . . 112 Philadelphia Medical Society, . . 113 Philadelphia Colleg-e of Pharmacy, . .114 Kappa Lambda Society, . . 115 Franklin Institute, . . . .115 Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 117 Musical Fund, . . .~ .117 Literature ajjd the Press, . . 119 Literary Journals, .... 120 Newspapers, . . . . 121 Courts op Judicature a:s^d In^stitutions cox- NECTED WITH THE AdmIXISTKATION OF JUS- TICE, .... 123 circuit Court of the United States, . 123 District Court of the United States, . 124 Supreme Court of Pennsylvania for the Eastern District, . . . .125 District Court for the City and County of Phila- delphia, . . . .125 Court of Common Pleas, . • . 126 Orphan's Court, . . . . 126 Court of Oyer and Terminer, . 127 Quarter Sessions, . . . 127 Mayor's Court, .... 127 Offices connected with the Administration of Justice, . . . . .128 Clerk of the Circuit and District Courts of the United States, . . . .128 Prothonotary of the Supreme Court, . 129 Prothonotary of the District Court, . 129 Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas, 129 Clerk of the Orphan's Court, . . 129 Clerk of Quarter Sessions, . . 129 Clerk of Mayor's Court, . . 129 Marshal of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 130 Sheriif of the city and county of Philadelphia, 130 Contents. Kecorder's office. Register's office, . Grand Jury lioom. Office of the Guardians of the Poor, County Commissioners' office. Prisons, Walnut Street Prison, Arch Street Prison, Eastern Penitentiary, Theatres, Chestnut Street Theatre, Arch Street Theatre, Walnut Street Theatre, Washing-ton Theatre, Ptjblic SaxJAREs A?fD Gardeks, Independence Square, Washington Square, Franklin Square, Penn Square, Logan Square, Kittenhouse Square, M' Aran's Garden, Smith's Labyrinth Garden, San Souci Garden, Institutions for Edtjcatiox, University of Pennsylvania, Medical Department, Jefferson Medical School, Law Academy, Academy of the Episcopal Church, Friends' School, Lectures on Science and the Arts, The Public Schools, Sunday Schools, Sunday School Union, Society for the Establishment and Support Charity Schools, of 167 Contents. xi Adelphi School, . . .169 Free School for the Education of Negro Chil- dren, ..... 169 Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion of Pub- lic Schools, . . .170 ESTABLISHMEJiTTS OF THE UNITED STATES GO- VERNMENT IN Phieadelpuia, . . 171 Post Office, .... in Navy Yard, . . . .180 Mint, . . . . . 181 Arsenals, ..... 182 Schuylkill Arsenal, . . .182 Arsenal near Frankford, . . . 183 Loan Office, . . . .183 Marine Asylum, . . . . 1 84 Miscellaneous Establishments and Institu- tions, . . . . 184 Provision for Watching and Lighting the City, 184 Finances of the City, . . . 186 Expenses of the City Government, . 187 Waterworks, ... 188 Provision against destruction by fire, 209 Engine Companies, . . . 211 Hose Companies, • . • .212 Internal Improvements, . . .212 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, . 212 Union Canal, . . . .213 Schuylkill Navigation, . . 214 Lehigh Navigation, . . . 215 Columbia Rail lload, . . . 215 Turnpike Roads, . . . .216 Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road, 216 Philadelphia, Germantown, and Perkiomen Turnpike lload, . . . 216 Philadelphia, Frankford, and Bristol Turnpike Road, . . . . .217 xu Contents. Ridg-e Turnpike, . . . 217 Philadelphia, Cheltenham and Willow Grove Turnpike Road, . . . 217 Bridg-es, . . . . .217 Market Street Bridge, . . . 218 Upper Bridge, .... 219 Public Buildings, . . . 219 Old Court House in Second street, . 219 State House, .... 220 University and Medical College Halls, . 220 Alms House, . . . .221 Arcade, . . . . .221 Markets, .... 222 High Street Market, . . .223 South Second Street Market, . . 224 North Second Street Market, . . 224 Callowhill Street Market, . . .224 Kensington Market, . • • 224 Wharton Market, . . . 225 Hotels, Boarding Houses and Baths, 226 Hotels, . . . . .226 Boarding Houses, . . • 227 Baths, . . . . .227 Shot Towers, .... 228 Monument of Penn's Treaty, A.D. 1682, 229 Board of Health, . . . 230 List of Stages, Steamboats and Packets, 233 List of Streets, Public Buildings and Pla- ces or Amusement, &c. &c. . . 240 PHILADELPHIA IN 1830—1 HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION. The city of Philadelphia stands on the west bank of the river Delaware, in latitude 39° 57' north, and long-itude 75° 8' 45" west from Greenwich, and is about 120 miles distant from the Atlantic Ocean, by the course of the river, and about 55 miles from it in a direct line to the south-east. It derived its name from a city in Asia Minor, celebrated in sa- cred history for having been the seat of an early christian church, and was the last city in those quar- ters that submitted to the Turks, after a siege of six years. The name is composed of two Greek words, philosy a friend, and adelphos, a brother. Proud, the historian, upon what authority is not known, states that the Indian name of the place was Coa- quenaku, which Heckewelder translates into * the grove of tall pines.' This city was founded by William Penn in the year B 1 4 Philadelphia in 1 830— I . 1682. The orig-Inal design of the proprietary was on a scale of very inconvenient extent, for if carried into effect it would have covered an area of more than twelve square miles ; but happily, the plot was contracted, and by his charter of 1701 the city was declared to be bounded by the two rivers, Delaware and Schuylkill, and on the north and south by Vine and Cedar streets. The provisions of this charter were ill adapted to the genius and feelings of the people for whose govei-nment it had been framed. The first mayor, recorder, aldermen, and common council were no- minated by the proprietary, and he conferred upon them the power of filling vacancies in theirbcdy, and even of increasing their number at pleasure. The people were not slow in expressing their dissatisfac- tion with this scheme of government, in which they had no share, and frequent complaints were made to the General Assembly of abuses practised under it. On the revolution the General Assembly passed an act abrogating this anomalous charter, and the city remained under a provincial government from the year 1777, to the year 1789, when it was incorporat- ed a second time. The form of government under this charter continued in force until the year 1796, when the present system was established. On the 5th of September 1774, the members of the first congress convened at Philadelphia, in the Carpenter's Hall, where they adopted that celebrated declaration of rights which may be considered the History and Description. 15 preface to the declaration of independence. Twen- ty-two months afterwards the eternal separation of the United States from Eng'land was decreed by that august and venerable body, and proclaimed to the people from the state house. Congress con- tinued to sit at Philadelphia until the approacli of the enemy, at the close of the autumn of 1776, compell- ed them to retire to Baltimore. The city fell into the possession of the British forces, September 26, 1777, and they occupied it until the 18th of June fol- lowing-. During the remainder of the war it happily escaped the ravag-es of hostile operations. Philadelphia is built on streets from fifty to one hundred and thirteen feet in width, running* parallel and at right angles to each other. Within its original limits it consists of nine streets, running east and west, from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, and twenty -five running north and south, from Vine street to Cedar. These streets are, for the most part, hand- somely paved with round stones, and kept re- markably clean. The footways are paved with brick, and defended from the approach of carriages by ranges of curb stone. Numerous smaller streets and alleys divide the different squares, and are paved in like manner. The whole number in the city and districts is near six hundred. The houses exhibit an appearance of neatness, uniformity, and commodious- ness, and most of them are ornamented with white marble steps and window sills. The Delaware, op- posite the city, is about a mile wide, and is navigable 16 Philadelphia in 1830. for ships of alarge size. The Schuylkill is about 500 feet in width at Market street, and is navigable by brigs as high up as the Permanent Bridge. Since the improvement of the Schuylkill by canals and the in- troduction of coal from the Mount Carbon mines, the western part of the city has rapidly improved ; large and commodious stores and wharves have been built, and numerous dwellings erected near that river, es- pecially in the vicinity of the Water Works ,- several of the principal streets have been paved ; improve- ments of various kinds are in progress ; and it is anticipated that the Columbia rail road, when com- pleted, will be of essential benefit to this part of the town. The following picture of the primitive settlement of Philadelphia cannot fail to be interesting to many. It is extracted from a very curious and entertain- ing work on the antiquities of Philadelphia, by J. F. Watson. The author has, with great industiy, col- lected a mass of facts relating to the ante-revolution- ary history of Philadelphia, which were rapidly pas- sing into oblivion, and preserved many valuable me- morials of distinguished men. The Primitive Settlement. I trace the tale ' To the dim point where records fail.' It is grateful to a contemplative and feeling mind, to revive and to re-create the picture of the incidents Hisicry and Description. 1 7 which must have deeply eng-ag-ed the first settlers of Philadelphia. What a bustling-, spirited, and emu- lous scene it must have been ! We are to transport the mind back to the primitive site of CoAauAjrocK — there to see the busy landing- from the anchored ships, of men, women and children, upon the then gravelly strand at the foot of the high precipitous banks ^ the hurrying backwards and forwards of busy lighters, discharging from the ships in the stream, the furniture, implements, and provisions for the future settlers ; then the efforts of men, women and children, scrambling to attain the summit of the then higher river banks — we are to imagine those banks, then 'all shagged with wood, 'Where twisted roots, in many a fold, 'Through moss, disputed room for hold.' Such a woody bank as now lines the river side up by Dunks's ferry is a fair specimen of what Phila- delphia once was. This accomplished, the families part, separating to their selected shades under the then towering grore of lofty spruce pines, reachingtheir umbrageous, giant arms abroad. We may fancy the mingled emotions of such families : most of them, ac- customed to the comforts of easy living in their native homes, feel the exhilarating effect of inhaling the pure air, after a confined and wearisome voyage, and the nausea of sea-sickness ; glad, once more, to feel their firm tread on terra firma. On the other hand, to behold themselves devoid of all the usual com- B 2 18 Philadelphia in \S30. forts and conveniences of civilization, in a total wilderness, without a house or shelter, was a de- pressing- circumstance. But, in the true spirit of campaigners or pioneers, and prompted by future hopes of cheerfulness and prosperity, all hands fall to cheerfully, to g-ive a willing* aid. No time is to be lost ; and well we may imagine, that some leading mem- ber of the Christian community, after piously return- ing' thanks to the Almighty for their safe landing, and asking- his blessing on their future efforts, be- gins himself the good example of the toil before them, like Christian David, the first Moravian settler at Hernhuth, by striking his axe into the first tree, and exclaiming, "Here hath the sparrow found an house, and the swallow a nest for , himself, — near thine altars, O Lord God of hosts." Here, in the * sweet quiet of these parts, free from the hurries and perplexities of woful Europe,' they could not but remember, they were quite removed from jaersecw^eow, ' Not, like their fathers, vexed from age to age, ' By blatant bigotry's insensate rage.' Off go the men and the boys, to choose their ground for a temporary hut or cabin, called a cave. While some dig into the earth about three feet, near the margin of the river bank, others ply the axe to clear the underwood, or to fell trees, whose limbs and foliage may supply sides and roofs to their hum- ble dwellings. In other cases, some dig sods, and of them form the sides of their huts. To tliese, History and Description. 1 9 chimneys of grass or kneaded clay are set up, and the house \s finished! Meanwhile, the women have lighted their fire on the earth, and having * their kettle slung between two poles, upon a stick trans- verse,' the meal of homely and frugal fare is pre- pared for the reward of the builders ; all huddle about, and partake with good cheer. Then all bear off their furniture and goods to the cabin, and feel themselves settled for a season! Thus these frail hovels are soon raised, families settle close to each other, and ' Soon, homes of humble form and structure rude, ' Raise sweet society in solitude.' Thus freed from a first and most anxious concern, — a shelter from the weather and the storm, — and feehng that they have acquired a temporary home, the whole community of men turn their minds to their permanent settlement. Then, soon the busy, bustling scene begins. No sooner has the surveyor, with much labour, by falling trees and drawing off the brushwood, made an imperfect way throug-h which to draw his * lengthening chain,' than he forms the City plot. Then off goes every man to prepare his ground for a future permanent building. Soon the echoing wood resounds with the labouring axe, and the crash of falling trees. The wondering population of the forest are amazed and affrighted at the^rs^ break of their long, long silence ; and starting here, and flying there, — beasts and birds, excellent for diet, and a luxury to Europeans living x^O Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . under the prohibition of the game laws, are killed in great numbers even while the main design w^as to clear away the deep embarrassments of the soil. Even the reptiles, deadly and venomous, here first feel the assault of the primeval curse, and ^ the ser- pent's head is crushed.' But, although the astonished tenants of the forest thus feel and fear the busy stir of man through the day, and find in him an enemy of whom they had not dreamed, — we may suppose, they were not immediately to be driven from their favourite haunts ; and long and frequent would they linger round their wonted securities, in the darkness and silence of night. Therefore, amidst the primitive population, it was not uncommon still to hear ' The fox's bark, or wolPs lugubrious liowl.' When buildings had thus generally been started, and the 'clearings' and the * burnings' of the brush- wood and 'undergrowth,' had begun to mark in rude lines the originals of the present paved and stately streets, we may well imagine the cheerful greetings which passed among the settlers as they met, or surveyed each other's progress. And often they must have reciprocally lent each other aid in 'raisings' and other heavy operations requiring many hands. Then, how busy tlie brickmakers! What perpetual burnings of their smoking kilns! What perpetual arrivals and departures of small craft from the Jersey shores (previously settled) of boards from their saw-mills, ere the Pennsylvania ones be- History and Description. 21 g-an. We may suppose there were many inequalities in the surface then, which we do not now perceive — some hills to reduce, and several low, or wet and miry places, to drain off or fill up. In many places, the most delightful rural beauties, formed by ti*ees and shrubberies, were all devoted to the axe and to burning ! Even stately oaks of sublime grandeur were not spared, from the prevalent opinion, then, that their dense foliage might create fevers. So gen- eral was the havock, that none remained, of all the crowded forest, but a cluster of black walnut trees, which, till of late years, stood opposite to the state house on Chestnut street, and guided the stranger to that once venerable edifice. In that day, the chief of the first houses built lay south of High street, and on the northern bank of Dock creek (then called Hhe swamp' because of the creek which flowed through it, having at the lower end of it a low and miry margin) — and the creek it- self was supplied by several springs, which flowed into it. At the mouth of this creek was a ferry, from the Blue Anchor tavern, (the first built house, and at which William Penn landed in a boat from Chester) leading over to the opposite high^ Society Hill,' be- fore the Front street * Causeway* was formed. Their first bridge, and their then first means of a cart road leading to the west, was a wooden structure laid across the water (where the tide ebbed and flowed) at Hudson's alley and Chesnut street. This creek then traversed Fourth and High streets; and on the 22 Philadelphia in \8S0—\ . northern side of Hig-h street, formed a great pond, Jilled with spatterdashes, and surrounded with natural shrubbery, forming- a great asyhim for wild ducks and geese, vrliere they were often shot,- and on oc- casion, even Jish, coming up with the tide, were caught by anglers there. Another great duck pond lay in the rear of Christ Church and the first Baptist Meeting. There, as well founded tradition relates, an Indian feast was held ; and the Indians, to amuse William Penn and show their agility in running and leaping, performed a race round the entire pond. Diverging from Dock creek, at Girard's Bank, ran a water course, through what was afterwards called * Beak's Hollow,' (near Sixth and Walnut streets,) through Potter's Field to the site of the present Dr AVilson's church, where it terminated in another wild duck pond. As buildings and comforts progressed, soon they turned their attention to public edifices. The Friends' Meeting, built at the Centre Square, lay far beyond the verge of population ; and often, when the early settlers were following the cart path from the town, they saw it traversed before them by deer and by wild turkeys/ Their first prison was the hired house of Patrick Robinson ; and the first, that the city held, in fee simple, was situated on the site of the present Jersey market, opposite to Penn's low two story house in Lyetitia Court, before which stood ' his gate' to the surrounding enclosure, and before which the proclamations of the day were made. On the History and Description. 23 very site of Jersey market, was once ' a grassy swarth, close cropt by nibbling- sheep ^^ retained there till they were slain, and sold off from the movable shambles. Edward Shippen, the first city mayor, surpassed his contemporaries in the style and grandeur of his edifice and appurtenances ; for, crossing the water, he located himself in that venera- ble building-, since called the ' g-overnor's house,* (now superseded by Wain's Row, in South Second street,) 'on the hill,' ^near the town,' where he had ' a great and famous orchard,' and where he also had tame deer. In that day, ' the hill beauti- fully descended in a green bank in front of his house to the Dock creek, and no intervening object pre- vented the prospect to the Jerseys and the river! Contemporary with these, rose the first Christ's Church, under the Rev. Mr Clayton — a wooden build- ing, of such declining eaves, that a bystander could touch them . Pre-eminent in the grandeur of that day, and often visited as a curiosity then, was the present antiquated Swedes' church, a.ndi steeple, built in 1700 to replace the former log church, in which were loop-holes for fire-arms, as in a block-house, for which it was to have served in case of emergency. Then was also built the 'State House,' grand in its day, at the corner of Second street and Norris's alley, and occupied, in I7OO, by William Penn ; about which time, captain Finny became the purchaser of Samuel Carpenter's Coffee House, situate in the neighbour- hood of Front and Walnut streets- Near these, too, 24 Philadelphia in 1830. were built the first crane, and the first wharves for vessels. The first and only landing places were, the 'low and sandy beach,' still open on the north side of the Drawbridg-e ; another, at the * Penny Pothouse,' on the north side of Vine street , and the third was a g-reat breach through the high hill at Arch street, over which an arched bridge ex- tended, letting- carts and people descend to * the landing,' under \is arch. We must conceive, that in the earliest days, the Indians were more or less constantly present as idle spectators of the progress of improvement, or sell- ing their venison and game of the woods to the inhabitants. New England barques, too, were early allured to bring them supplies of provisions. The Swedes and Dutch, their neighbours, were bring- ing their provisions for sale ; as were some of the Friends, settled before, in and about Burlington. Horse mills were resorted to for grinding corn; and floating mills on the Delaware, and a great mill for its day, called then ' the Governor's Mill,' at the present location of Craig's factory, were also used. Great was then the difficulty of going to it, having to traverse the morass at Cohoquinoque, or Peg's Run, on the northern bank of which Indians were still hutted,- and then to wade through the Cohocsinc creek beyond it! What a toil! Wheel carriages were out of the question, in such an expedition ; and boats or canoes either ascended the History and Description. 25 Cohocsinc, then a navigable stream, or horses bore the grain on their backs. How rude and rural every thing around them! What a rus in urhe.' How homespun and plain in their apparel — how hospitable and frugal in their diet — how universally acquainted and familiar — how devoid of all rank and ostentation! What freedom and frankness of interchange of commodities — what mutual help, and reciprocity of borrowing and lend- ing — what commutation of labour and services for corn and necessaries of life — what certain enrich- ment to prudent mechanics, where their labour was in constant requisition! How plain and rude, then, in their household furniture — how free to use carts or horses then, for occasions which now their de- scendants must accomplish in gilded equipages! ' While we retrace, with memory's pointing wand, ' That calls the past to our exact review,' we may easily conceive, that the young people of both sexes often formed exploring parties — wishing to see the scenes which environed them, they plung- ed into the deep woods beyond the Dock creek, and, making a great circuit, have seen the then wild Schuylkill, shadowed by lofty sycamores and oaks, and the intermediate woods crowded with grape vines and whortleberry bushes. Being pro- tected from surprise by their needful guns, they have started and shot the rabbit, the racoon, — per- haps the fox, and the heavy wild turkey. Perhaps C 26 Philadelphia in \ 830— 1 . they have met with a colony of friendly Indians; and, bent on novelty and sport, they have bargained for the loan o^ canoes lying- upon the shores — have huddled into the slender vessels — and thus made a voyage up or down the Manaiunk, which none had ever seen before ; — endangered all the way by the constant leapings of the heedless sturgeon. Even the boys of that day had their rural pursuits quite close to their own doors. There they could set snares and gins for game ; and there they were sure of trapping rabbits, quails, &c. What an ex- pedition it must have been for the urchins of that day, to get over the great Dock creek, and to lose themselves in the opposite woods, whilst starting and pursuing the wild game — chasing the wild tur- keys, which disdained to fly while their legs could serve their escape : — or loading themselves with shell- barks, chestnuts, or m' alnuts — or eating of whortle- berries or blackberries, as the season of the fruit might serve. ' But times are altered — Trade has changed the scene.' 'where scattered hamlets rose, Unwieldy wealth and cumbrous pomp repose, ■ Andrural mirth and manners are no more.' MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. Population has long since pushed itself beyond the boundary prescribed by William Penn; and that part Municipal Government. 27 beyond the charter limits of the city is nearly equal to that within them. For municipal purposes the legislature has from time to time established corpo- rate governments in different parts of the suburbs, so that Philadelphia is divided into the following dis- tricts : — ^the corporations of the city of Philadelphia, of the Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Gar- den, Southwark, and Moyamensing. Passyunk, Klockley, 8cc. are still governed as townships. City of Philadelphia. The municipal government of the city is vested in a mayor, a recorder, fifteen aldermen, and a select and common council, besides subordinate executive officers. The recorder and aldermen are appointed by the governor, and hold their offices, like other judicial incumbents, during good behaviour. The mayor was annually chosen by the councils from among the aldermen, until April 10, 1826, when the legislature passed an act authorising the coun- cils to elect him from the body of the citizens: he appoints the city commissioners, the high constables, corders of wood, &c. and receives an annual com- pensation of two thousand dollars. The members of the select and common councils are chosen by the people, on the day of the general election : the former serve three years, and vacate their seats in rotation ; the latter are annually elected. They receive no compensation, sit in separate cham- bersj and each body has a negative on the le- 28 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . gislative acts of the other. The mayor, recorder, and aldermen, or any four of them, whereof the mayor or recorder must be one, constitute *the Mayor's Court,' which has the same jurisdiction of offences committed in the city, as the courts of quarter sessions in their respective counties. The aldermen have respectively the powers and perform the duties of justices of the peace, as to all matters arising" within the city. Northern Liberties. The district of the Northern Liberties was in- corporated on the 28th of March 1803, and con- sists of that part of the orig-inal township of the Northern Liberties which lies between the west side of Sixth street and the river Delaware, and between Vine street and the Cohocsinc creek. The act of incorporation was amended by another act, passed on the 16th of March 1819. The government of the district is, by these acts, vested in a board of commissioners, twenty-one in number, who are elect- ed for a term of three years, and vacate their offices in rotation, seven new members being chosen on the day of the general election annually. The municipal officers of this corporation are appointed by the commissioners, but no commissioner can be appoint- ed to any office to which a compensation is attached. Spring Garden. Adjoining the district of the Northern Liberties, Municipal Government. 29 to the west, is the incorporated district of Spring- Garden, which consists of that part of Penn township lying' between the middle of Sixth street and the river Schuylkill, and Vine street and Poplar lane, and a line extending thence, parallel with Vine street, to the river Schuylkill. The act of incorporation was passed on the 22d of March 1813, but has been subsequently amended. The powers of the corpora- tion are vested in and conducted by a board of com- missioners, fifteen in number, five of whom are elected annually, who elect a police magistrate, ap- point the nightly watch, and have similar powers to those of the commissioners of the Northern Liberties. Kensington. Kensington, which lies east of the district of the Northern Liberties, and between that and the river Delaware, was incorporated on the 6th of March 1820. Its municipal officers are a board of commis- sioners, fifteen in number, who serve for three years, five new members being elected every year. Their powers and duties are similar to those of other cor- porations. Southwark. The district of Southwark was incorporated on the 18th of April 1794, and is also governed by fifteen commissioners, who serve for three years, five being elected annually, and whose powers are similar to those of the preceding corporations. C 2 30 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . Moyamensing. Moyamensing" was incorporated on the 24th. of March 1812, and is g-overned by nine commissioners, elected for three years, vacating' their offices by rotation, andin other respects similar to those already noticed. Representation. The city of Philadelphia sends six representatives to the state legislature. The adjoining districts, united with the remainder of the county, send seven representatives. For the purpose of choosing- mem- bers of cong-ress, the city and county have been divided into three districts, of which the city, with the exception of Cedar and New Market wards, forms one ; these wards, together with South wark, Moyamensing, Passyunk, Blockley, and Kingsessing, form another; and the remaining portions of the county constitute the third district. Each district sends one member to congress. MANUFACTURES. Philadelphia is deservedly celebrated for the value and variety of its manufactures. All the necessaries and most of the luxuries of life are manufactured within its v/alls and immediate vicinity. The follow- ing is taken from the * Register of Pennsylvania:' Manufactures . 3 1 ♦There are In Philadelphia and its vicinity 104 warping mills at work, sufficient to employ about 4500 weavers, dyers over 200, spoolers 3000, bob- bin winders 2000 5 whose wag-es would amount to $1,470,040; consume 114,400 lbs. ofindig-o per an- num, and 1820 barrels of flour for sizing; make 81,000 yards per day or 24,300,000 per annum ; at 16 cents, $3,888,000.' Of late years, many articles have been manufac- tured among us, which have thrown new light upon our natural resources. We instance the china man- ufactory out Chestnut street near the Schuylkill. The specimens of China produced here have been pronounced equal in every respect to any thing of the kind ever imported, and we are informed that the material employed is of better quality than that which is used in England. There are several glass- houses in Philadelphia ; and the cut glass manufac- tured here is unsurpassed in richness and beauty by that of any other part of the world. This latter branch is conducted upon an extensive scale. Macauley's Floor Cloth Manufactory. The principal oil cloth manufactory in the United States is situated at Bush Hill, in the outskirts of the city of Philadelphia. The following extract from the report of a committee appointed by the Franklin Institute to view the establishment, presents a flat- tering account of it: ' The large Floor Cloths which the committee 32 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . first examined, are made from flax or hemp, and wove in pieces of 21 feet wide, and 60 feet long, (making 140 square yards in each piece, without seam ;) when finished they are suspended the above size, in a drying house, an edifice admirably contrived for the purpose, where they gradually harden, until they are fit for use, which, we are informed, requires at least twelve months. Of this the committee could have no doubt, as they found from 14,000 to 15,000 yards finished in a handsome style, most of which have been there more than a year. On examination they were found to be strong, veri/ hard, well filled with paint and varnish of the best quality, and ex- hibiting no tendency to peel off or stick. The patterns are well selected to imitate Brussels and other car- peting — colours rich and bright. « In the fabrication of lighter cloths for covering tables, &c. Mr Macauley has been eminently success- ful. In the large quantity of 15,000 or 20,000 yards suspended in various parts of the premises, the com- mittee saw none which would not do credit to any ma- ker. They were well made and elastic ; the fabric is of cotton, covered with gum elastic and other var- nishes, (for which improvement Mr INIacauley has ob- tained a patent) without any of the crumbling mix- ture so often found in German cloths. The surfaces were smooth, and beautifully figured and bordered, in all widths from 2-3ds to 6-4ths. Philadelphia in 1830—1. 33 COMMERCE. For a considerable period after the peace of 1783, Philadelphia stood at the head of the commercial cities of the union. The profitable carrying" trade, and the great demand in Europe for bread stuffs, con- sequent upon the wars which arose out of the French revolution, caused great activity in commerce, and greatly enriched this city. The superior advantages of New York, however, arising from her proximity to the ocean, have gradually raised her to the first rank in commerce, and placed her at a great distance beyond the other ports of the United States. After the peace of 1815, the commerce of Philadelphia de- clined to a very low ebb, in common with that of lioston, Baltimore, and other cities. The new state of things produced by a general peace had closed many profitable avenues; new channels were to be found; large profits were no longer to be expected; and it required some time for mercantile habits to adapt themselves to the change. Of late years, however, commerce and trade have again revived: a steady though gradual improvement is taking place, and Philadelphia is evidently resuming her former elevated rank in commerce. That she can approach New York, is not to be expected; but it is believed, that with the rapid increase of her manufactures, with her abundant capital and enterprise, and the spring which the completion of the Chesapeake and Sus- 34 Philadelphia in IQSO—l. quehanna canals, theLehig-h and Schuylkill naviga- tion, the Columbia railroad and other internal im- provements will g-ive to her energies, she will not be far behind that active port. ' Proximus, et non longo intervallo.' Statement of the Vessels that entered the Port of Phila- delphia from 1822 to 1829 both inclusive. Years. Foreign. Coastwise. Total. 1822 494 1212 1706 1823 482 1018 1500 1824 501 981 1482 1825 484 1195 1679 1826 482 1195 1677 1827 469 1320 1789 1828 450 1847 2297 1829 374 1026 1400 7%e Number of Vessels built in the year ■ 1828. 11 ships measuring 4658 tons. 5 brigs 727 5 schooners 448 15 sloops 453 1 steamboat 230 6516 tons. Besides these, 2 ships, 5 brigs, 3 schooners and 2 steamboats were nearly ready for launching. Commerce. 35 Quantity . of Flour impeded in Philadelphia. Wheat Floui Rye Flour. Corn Meal. Middlir Year. Barrels. Barrels. Hhds. Barrels. Barrels. 1822 270,527 26,100 7567 19,268 2415 1823 296,171 32,314 6277 20,524 3732 1824 301,333 34,327 7936 37,336 2676 1825 294,289 33,808 6502 24,690 1983 1826 342,250 15,810 7129 22,010 1827 351,517 20,422 6161 30,756 RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. These are exceeding-ly numerous in Philadelphia, and the protection of the law being extended to all sects alike, it is not surprising" that the modes of belief and worship should be various and subdivided. A Christian strang-er, from whatever quarter he may- come, will scarcely fail to find a congregation wor- shipping according to the doctrine, and in the man- ner to which he has been accustomed. With one or two exceptions, the earliest churches now standing are not remarkable for their exterior beauty. With- in the last few years a striking change has been effected, and Philadelphia may now boast of several places of public worship, which are in more than one sense an ornament to it. Some account of the prin- cipal of these edifices will be given in the coui'se of this chapter. 36 Philadelphia in 1830— \. The different religious denominations of Phila- delphia may be arranged as follows. 1. The Roman Catholics. This ancient society of Christians has four chur- ches. 1. The Cathedral Church of St Mary's, situated in Fouth street, between Prune and Spruce streets, built in 1763, and enlarged and improved in I8IO0 It is now 100 feet by 71. The front on Fourth street is neat and in good taste. The altar has a very beautiful and impressive effect. The present pastor of this church is the Rev. Jeremiah J, Keily. 2. *S'/ Augustine's, in Fourth street, opposite to New street, and near to Vine street, was built in I8OO. A new cupola was placed upon this building in 1829, and the handsome clock has been placed in it which was formerly in the state house. Its pastor is the Rev, Dr Hurley. 3. The Holy Ti-inity, corner of Spruce and Sixth streets, was built in 1789, and is 100 feet long and 60 feet v/ide. Its pastor is the Rev. H. Vandenbraft. 4. St Joseph's, in a court between Willing's alley and AValnut street, was built in 1733, and has re- cently been enlarged. Its pastor is the Rev. John Hughes. 2. The Protestant Episcopal Church. Of this denomination of Christians there are nine churches in Philadelphia. Religious Institutions. 37 1. Christ's Church, in Second street, between Market and Arch, one of the most ancient, and certainly not the least striking or beautiful of the religious edifices in this city. So early as 1710, a wooden church stood on the site of the present building, which was begun in 1727. It is 90 feet long, and 60 feet wide. The steeple (for a long time the only one of which Philadelphia could boast) is a very graceful piece of architecture. It is 190 feet high, and has a ring of eight bells. 2. St Peter's, built in 1761, is at the comer of Pine and Third streets. It is 90 feet in length and 60 in breadth. This church and the foregoing are united under the rectorship of the bishop, the venerable Dr White. The assistant ministers are Dr Abercrombie and the Rev. Mr Kemper. 3. St James's, in Seventh street, between Market and Arch streets, was built in 1809, and is 90 feet long, and 60 wide. The foundation of a steeple is laid. The present rector is the Rev. Mr Hawkes. 4. Si Paul's, in Third street between Walnut and Spruce, and opposite to Willing's alley, was built in 1762. It is 90 feet long and 60 wide. The present rector is the Rev. Mr Tyng. 5. St John's is on the south side of Brown street, between St John street and Rose alley, in the Northern Liberties, and was built a few years since. The ex- terior of this edifice is very imposing. It is built of brick, with two lofty columns and a portico in front. The present rector is the Rev. Mr Boyd. D 38 Philadelphia in lQoO—\. 6. St Stephen% in Tenth street between Chestnut and Market streets, was consecrated on the 27th of February 1823. Its extreme length from east to west is 102 feet. It is one of the most perfect specimens of the Gothic architecture in this country. The western front presents two octang-ular towers, eighty-six feet high, but which are intended tobe still higher. The pulpit and chancel are highly finish- ed, and the coup d'oeil, on entering the church, is in the highest degree impressive. The windows are embellished with cherubim in stained glass, import- ed from England. The Rev. Dr Montgomery is the present rector. 7. St Andrew's, in Eighth street between Locust and Spruce streets, was consecrated on the 31st of May 1823. The character of the edifice is Grecian. The front is intended to be a copy of the portico of the temple of Bacchus at Ijeos. The interior of the building is of a similar character of architecture, and highly decorated. A spire, the foundation of which is laid, is intended to be added to the western end of the building. The whole length of the church, in- cluding the spire, is 130 feet, and its breadth 65 feet. The Rev. Mr Bedell is the present rector. 8. Trinity Church is on the south side of Catherine street between Second and Third streets. It is a neat brick building. The interior is plain, but in good taste. The Ilev. William Meade is the present rector. 9. St Matfheiu's is a neat brick building situated Religious Institutions. 39 in Francisville, in the north-western suburb of the city. It was consecrated in June 1824, by the Right Rev. Bishop "White. Beside these, there is an Episcopal church called Si Mark's at Mantua, on the borders of the city ; another at Germantoum named St Luke's ; one at Hamiltonville called St Mary's; and Grace Church in Penn township. 3. Presbyterians. The members of this communion have several places of worship in Philadelphia. 1. The First Presbyterian Congregation 2iSsevcAAeA, until recently, in an edifice of handsome exterior, in Market street, between Second and Third streets, which was taken down in 1822. The present church was built in the same year, and stands in a beautiful situation at the corner of Washington Square and Seventh streets. The edifice is Grecian, and its model was the Ionic temple on the river Ilyssus at Athens. It is built of brick, and coated with mortar, painted in imitation of marble. The roof is sur- mounted by a cupola, in which is a bell. The pastor is the Rev. Abner Barnes. 2 . The Second Presbyterian Church is at the corner of Arch and Third streets. It was built in 1750, and enlarged in 1809. The Rev J. Sanford is the pastor. 3. The Third Presbyterian Church'is in Pine street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. Its pastor is the Hcv. Dr Ely. 40 Philadelphia in 1830. 4. The Fourth Presbyterian Church is in Fifth, near Cedar or South street. Its pastor is the Rev. George Potts. 5. The Fifth Preshyterian Congregation worships at a new and very neat brick building", erected in Arch street, above Tenth, and first used for divine ser- vice in June 1823. It is ornamented by a steeple 165 feet hig-h, of g-ood proportions and effect. The pastor is the Rev. Dr Skinner. 6. The Sixth Presbyterian Church is a neat brick building- on the north side of Spruce street, near to Sixth. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Winchester. 7. The Seventh Presbyterian Church is the building* formerly called 'the Tabernacle,' situated at the head of Ranstead's court, which leads from Fourth street west, between Chestnut and Market streets. Its pastor is the Rev. Mr Engles. 8. The Eighth Presbyterian Church is in Spruce street, on the south side, between Third and Fourth streets. The pastor is the Rev. W. L. M'Calla. This church was formerly styled * The Associate Reformed,' but has since attached itself to the Presbytery of Philadelphia. 9. The Niiith Presbyterian Church is on the west side of Thirteenth street, between Mai-ket and Arch streets. This neat and ornamental church was built in 1814, in consequence of the bequest of a sum of money for the purpose by Mrs Margaret Duncan. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Chambers. 10. Tae Tenth Presbyterian Church is at llie north Religious Institutions. 41 east corner of Walnut and Twelfth streets. It was built in 1829. The pastor is the Rev. Dr Thomas M'Auley. 11. The Eleventh Presbyterian Church is on the south side of Vine street between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets. Unfinished, but service is per- formed here. 12. The First Presbyterian Church in the Northern Liberties is at the north west corner of Coates and Second streets. Pastor, the Rev. Mr Patterson. 13. The Spring Garden Presbyterian Church is at the corner of Buttonwood and Eig-hth streets. 14. The Kensington Presbyterian Church h a very pretty building", situated on the north east side of Palmer street, between Queen and Bedford streets. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Chandler. 15. The Cohocsinc Presbyterian Church is on the Germantown road above Camac street. 16. The First Presbyterian Church in South wark is in German street between Second and Third. 17. The Second Presbyterian Church in Southwark is at the corner of Second street and Moyamensing' road. Pastor, the Rev. William Ramsey. 18. ^S"^ Mary's Street C/^wrcA is on St Mary's street between Sixth and Seventh streets. 19. There is a large building- in an unfinished state erected for the purpose of worship according- to the Presbyterian doctrine in Sixth street between Green and C/oates sti'cet. D 2 42 PhiladelpJiia in \SoO. 4. The Scots Presbyterian, Or Associate Church, is a small brick building", on the north side of Walnut street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The doctrines of this church do not differ materially from those of the General Assembly. The pastor of this church is the Rev. Thomas Bever- idg-e. 5. The Covenanters, Or Reformed Presbyterians. A congregation un- der this denomination worships at a new building- in Eleventh street,between Chesnut and Market streets. Pastor, Rev. Dr Wylie, 6. The Baptists. 1. The First Baptist Church is on the west side of Second street, near to Arch street. The pastor is the Rev. William T. Brantly. 2. The Second Baptist Church is situated on the west side of Budd street, above Poplar lane, in the Northern Liberties. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Kitts. 3. The Third Baptist Church is on the east side of Second street, between German and Catherine streets. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Ashton. 4. The Sansom Street Baptist Church is a building of rather striking and novel architecture, situated on the south side of Sansom street, above Eighth street. The present pastor is the Rev. Mr Dagg. Religious Institutions. 43 5. IVie New Market Street Baptist Church is situ- ated in New Market street, between Noble and Duke streets, in the Northern Liberties. The pas- tor is the Rev. John R. Dodge. There is, besides these, a small building" erected for the purposes of Baptist worship near the Schuyl- kill. 7. The Methodists. 1. St George' Sy on the east side of Fourth street, between Race and New streets. 2. The New Ebenezer Churchy on the north side of Christian street, between Third and Fourth streets. 3. Union Methodist Church is in the south end of the Old College, on the west side of Fourth street, between Market and Arch. 4. St John's^ on the west side of St John street, between Poplar lane and George street. 5. Kensington Methodist Church is situated at the corner of Marlborough and Queen streets. 6. Salem^ on the east side of Thirteenth street, between Spruce and Pine streets. 7. Nazareth on the west side of Thirteenth near Vine street. 8. The Union Wesleyan is in Kensington on the north side of Queen street, east of Frankford road. 9. Mount Zion or Christian Church, in South- wark, on Christian near Sixth sti-eet. There is, beside these, a neat brick building on Eleventh street, between Vine and Wood streets. 44 Philadelphia in 1 830—1 . erected for pui*poses of worship by members of the Methodist society. 8. The Friends, or Quakers , Have six places of worship: — 1. One on the south side of Pine street between Front and Second streets. 2. One in Keys's alley, which runs from Front to Second street, south of Vine street. 3. One on Arch street, between Third and Fourth streets. In this building-, the yearly and monthly meetings of the society are held. 4. One in Green street, at tlie corner of Fourth street. 5. One on the west side of Twelfth street, between Chesnut and Market streets. 6. One on the North side of Cherry street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. 9. The Free Quakers Hare a place of worship at the south west corner of Arch and Fifth streets. 10. German Lutheran. 1. Zion Church is a large and neat building at the corner of Fourth and Cherry streets. The pas- tors are the Rev. Dr Schaeffer and Rev. Mr Demmy. 2. St Michael's, at tlie corner of Fifth and Cherry streets, is an old building of a venerable appearance. The pastoi's are the same as at Zion Churcli- Religious Institutions. 45 3. St John's, on the north side of Race between Fifth and Sixth streets, a new and handsome build- ing*. Service is performed in the English language in this church. Pastor, the Rev, Dr Mayer. 4. St Matthetv's is in New street between Third and Fourth streets. 13eside these, a congregation, worshipping accor- ding to the German Lutheran tenets, but in the English language, assembles occasionally in the northern end of the Old College, in Fourth between Market and Arch streets ; and divine service is cele- brated in the German Lutheran Academy, St John street, every Tuesday night. 11. German Bef armed. 1. One in Race street, near Fourth street ; pastor, Rev. Mr Helfenstein. 2. One in St John street, between Tammany and Green streets ; pastor. Rev. Mr Vandersloot. 12. Reformed Dutch. 1. One in Crown street, between Fourth and Fifth streets ? pastor. Rev. Mr Livingston. 2. One in Eighth street, north of Noble street, in the Northern Liberties. There is another congregation of this denomina- tion worshipping at the Spring Garden school house, corner of Buttonwood lane and Eighth street. 46 Philadelphia in \ 830- 13. Universalists . 1. The First Universalist Church is on the south side of Lombard street, between Fourth and Fifth streets; pastor, the Rev. A. C. Thomas. 2. The Second Universalist Church is at the cor- ner of Crown and Callowhill streets. This is a very neat new building", with a portico and Doric front in imitation of marble ; the interior is also handsome- ly decorated. Pastor, the Rev. Zelote Fuller. 14- Swedenhorgians. The New Jerusalem Church in South wark is on Fourth street between Catherine and German streets. Pastor, the Rev. Mr Roche. 15. Moravians, or United Brethren. A church was erected by this society, so early as 1742. It has recently been taken down, and a very neat edifice erected from a design by Strickland. The building- is situated in Bread street or Moravian alley, between Second and Third streets, near Race street. Pastor, Rev. Mr Wolle . 16. /Swedish Lutheran, A venerable building-, probably the most ancient place of worship in Philadelphia, commonly called the Swedes' Church, situated on the west side of Swanson street between Prime and Christian streets. The pastor is the Rev. Dr Collin. Religious Institutions. 47 17- Mount Zion. A society, calling" themselves the * Christian Church,' or ' Mount Zion,' worship at a new build- ing at the corner of Christian and Sixth streets. 18. Menonists, Or Bunkers, have one place of worship in Phila- delphia, situated on Crown street and Old Fourth street, between Wood and Callowhill streets ^ pastor Rev. Mr Keyser. 19. Bible Christians. A sect under this name arose in 1817, and now worships in a neat frame building- on the west side of Third street, near the Germantown road. Pastor, Rev. Mr Metcalfe. 20. Mariner's Church. There is a place of worship, intended for the re- ligious instruction of seamen, on the east side of Water street, between Walnut and Chestnut streets. Pastor, the Rev. Mr Dashiel. 21. Jews. 1. A synaj^ogue, situated on the north side of Cherry street, above Third street. This building is 40 feet in front by 70 feet in depth, being two stories in height, built in the Egyptian style, of stone from the falls of Schuylkill. 4B Philadelphia in 1830. The principal entrance is throug-h an elevated door-way, formed with inclined jambs, supporting- a large coved cornice, in which are sculptured the globe and wings. The interior embraces two semicircular blocks of seats, displaying to the north and south of the ark and altar. The dome is supported with Egyptian columns copied from the temple at Tentyra, and is formed by semicircular archivolts, joining a richly pannelled segment, extending over the ark and altar. In the centre of the dome is a lantern, which gives light to the altar. The ark is situated in the east side, immediately opposite the altar, and is neatly decorated with pilas- ters, supporting a coved cornice, enriched with the globe and wings, together with a marble tablet, con- taining the ten commandments in Hebrew. It is ap- proached by a flight of three steps between cheek- blocks which support two handsome tripods, crown- ed with lamps. The galleries are semicircular, extending round the north and south sides of the building, and are supported by the columns, which extend to the dome. The building was designed by Mr Strickland. Rev. J. J. Leeser, reader. 2. A synagogue in Church alley, between Second and Third streets, on the north side. This is called the German synagogue. Religious Institutions. 49 22. Unitarians Have one place of worship, at the corner of Locust and Tenth streets. Rev. Mr Furness, pastor. In addition to the foregoing" places of worship, the following- belong-ing" to or occupied by persons of colour, may be enumerated: — 1. The African Episcopal Church of St Thomas is situated on the west side of Fifth street, between Walnut and Prune streets. 2. The first African Presbyterian Church is on the east side of Seventh street, between Shippen and Fitzwater streets. 3. The second African Presbyterian congregation worships at a building on the north side of Norris's alley, between Second and Front streets. 4. The African Baptists worship at a small frame building, situate in Smith's alley, between Eighth and Chester streets, and. Race and Vine streets. 5. There is also a brick building, situated in Thir- teenth street, between Race and Vine streets, erect- ed for the purpose of worship by African Baptists. 6. Bethel, an African Methodist church, is situated on the east side of Sixth street between Pine and Lombard streets. 7. Union, another African Methodist church, situ- ated on the south side of Coates street near the Old York road. E 50 Philadelphia in ] 830 — 1. 8. Zoar, a third African Methodist church, is on the north side of Brown street, west of Fourth street. 9. Wesley church, the fourth African Methodist church, is on the north side of Lombard street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. 10. Another African Methodist congregation wor- ships at a small building, at the corner of Gills alley in Lombard street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. Besides the places of worship enumerated in the preceding pages, there are four buildings, of small dimensions, erected by the Evangelical Society, in different parts of the suburbs. Public worship is also held at the Walnut street Prison, where a building has been erected for the purpose ; at the Arch street Prison ; at the Aims-House ; at the Orphan's Asylum, the Widow's Asylum and the Magdalen Asylum. Societies for the Promotion of Religion and Morality ^ The number of these praiseworthy institutions is very great, and their usefulness very extensive. A list of the names merely, would occupy more space than can be conveniently allotted to them. The following catalogue, therefore, embraces only the principal associations : The Philadelphia Bible Society and auxiliaries. The Episcopal Missionary Society. Religious Institutions. 51 The Evangelical Society for promoting Christian- ity among the Poorin the suburbs of Philadelphia. The Baptist Missionary Society. The Board of Missions of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. The Philadelphia Missionary Society, auxiliary to the Board of Missions. The Philadelpliia Missionary Society, auxiliary to the United Foreign Missionary Society. The Young Men's Missionary Society. The Female Missionary Society. The Missionary Society of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. The Common Prayer Book Society. The Episcopal Society for the advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania. The Episcopal Female Tract Society. The Religious Historical Society. The Mosheim Society. The Female Society for educating the Heathen. The Education Society for preparing Young Men for the Ministry. The Philadelphia Auxiliary Society for meliorating the condition of the Jews. The Philadelphia Auxiliary Colonization Society. The Pennsylvania Peace Society. 52 Philadelphia in 1830- CHARITABLE AND HUMANE INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES. Institutions for the relief of the unfortunate, the poor, the sick, the maimed, the helpless, and the miserable abound in Philadelphia. Philanthropy is here almost the ruling- passion, and justifies the appellation given to the city by its benevolent foun- der. There is reason to believe, that the amount g-iven annually in Philadelphia for charitable pur- poses, is g-reatcr than in any other city of equal population in the world. At the head of the public establishments for the relief of misfortune is the Pennsylvania Hospital, an institution, which, in respect to the wisdom of its system and excellence of its management, has no superior in any part of the world. It was founded in the year 1750, and owed its birth principally to the exertions of Benjamin Franklin and Dr Thomas Bond. For the first four years the managers occu- pied a hired house in Market street 5 but in 1755, the east wing of the present elegant building was erected, and the institution established there. The western wing was built in 1796, and the centre build- ing finished in 1804. The house, in its present form, with its various appendant buildings, occupies the entire square between Eighth, Ninth, Spruce, and Pine streets, and has its principal front on the latter Charitable Institutions. 53 street. It consists of a square central building", uni- ted by edifices eighty feet by twenty-seven and thirty-four respectively to two wing's running north and south, and parallel with the sides of the original square, in length one hundred and ten feet. For the purpose of ventilation, have been procured tlie lots of ground which surround the hospital on three sides, and which are kept open. The easternmost section of the building, from the central edifice, in- cluding- the wing-, is devoted to medical and surgi- cal patients. The central building is occupied by the library, the apothecary's shop, the steward's rooms, &c. ; and in the third story is an elegant amphitheatre for surgical operations and lectures, illuminated by a skylight. The west end is exclu- sively devoted to the lunatics, for whose separate use there is an enclosed space of ground, where they enjoy air and exercise. In a line with the eastern wing, and on the north side, is situated a lock hospital, three stories in height, neatly built, and capable of containing" fifty patients. The in- mates of the hospital are either paupers, or such as pay for their board and attendance. The number of the former averages upwards of one hundred, of whom thirty-three may be insane. The number of insane patients in the house is generally about one hundred and ten. The system pursued towards these unfortunate persons is admirably adapted to promote their comfort or cure. Chains are seldom used, and they are now mostly of leather : blows are E 2 54 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . never inflicted. Many have the liberty of the house^ and are employed in some occupation which amuses the mind 5 and all are allowed exercise in the open air. In the central building- is an uncommonly fine lying--in ward, for married women. The library be- longing' to the institution contains upwards of 7000 volumes, many of them rare and costly. The hospi- tal affords an admirable practical school of medicine, and has thereby contributed greatly to the advance- ment and present splendid reputation of the Phila- delphia medical lectures. The affairs of the insti- tution are managed by twelve persons, annually elected, who choose eight physicians and surgeons. Two managers, a physician and surgeon attend regularly on Wednesday and Saturday of each week. Admissions are obtained by a certificate from the at- tending physician or surgeon, or by an order of a manager. In case of recent accidents, the patient is admitted without any preliminary order or security for the payment of the necessary expenses. The funds of the institution arise from the interest of its capital stock, which amounts to about |10,000, from the exhibition of a painting by Benjamin West, the profits of which are about $500 per annum, and from the board of pay patients, which is about $20 ,000. During the last year 1343 patients, of whom 782 were paupers and 561 pay, partook of the benefits of this institution. The whole number of patients admitted into the hospital from its opening, Febuary 11, 1752, to Charitable Institutions. 55 April 4, 1830, was 26,413, of whom 13.534 were poor and 12,879 pay patients. In front of the building- is a colossal statue of William Penn. The present officers are Thomas Stewardson, Thomas Morris, Roberts Vaux, Charles Watson, Charles Roberts, William W. Fisher, John Paul, John J. Smith, Mordecai Lewis, Alexander W. Johnson, Joseph Price, Bartholomew Wistar. Thomas Stew- ardson, President; Roberts Vaux, Secretary of the board; Samuel N. Lewis, Treasurer. The Dispensaries. These valuable institutions are destined to afford medical assistance to the poor and needy at their own houses. It is obvious that there must be many, the situation of whose domestic affairs prevents their entering- a hospital; and there are many others, whom an excusable pride deters from a public ex- hibition of their misery and wants. To such, an institution like the Dispensary must prove a sig-nal blessing; and it cannot be doubted, that many valuable lives are saved to the community by its op- eration. The objects of its charity are the indigent sick of every description, and in every disease. Those who are unable to go abroad, are visited at their own houses ; but those who can come out, attend at the Dispensary, where the physicians pre- scribe for them at stated times. There are three institutions of this nature in Philadelphia. 66 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. 1. The Philadelphia, or Central Dispensary, es- tablished in 1786, occupies a neat and commodious building- erected for the purpose in 1801, and situat- ed in Fifth street between Chestnut and Walnut, op- posite to Independence Square. The number of pa- tients under the care of this institution from Decem- ber 1828 to December 1829 was 4213, of whom 4016 recovered, and only 70 died. The receipts during- that period amounted to $2856 84 cents, andthe dis- bursements to $2359 57 cents. The present officers are William White .. B-B. President; William Davidson, Treasurer ; and twelve manag-ers. There are eig-ht attending physicians and surgeons, and four consult- ing physicians and surgeons. 2. The Northern Dispensary was established in 1816, and is located in a private building at No. 373 North Front street, opposite to Green street. Dur- ing the year 1829, 726 patients were under the care of this institution, of whom 685 recovered and 21 died. Its receipts during 1829 amounted to $601 42 cents and its disbursements to $409 33 cents. The officers for the present year are George Boyd, President ,' John C Browne, Treasurer ; Joseph S. Ililey, Secretary; and twelve managers. There are six attending physicians and three consulting phy- sicians. 3. The Southern Dispensary established in 1816 is situated on the south side of Shippen street, be- tween Third and Fourth streets. The number of patients under the care of this institution from De- Chantahle Institutions. 57 cember 15, 1828 to December 15, 1829 was 1443, of whom 1329 were cured and 23 died. Its receipts during" 1829 amounted to 442 dollars, while its expen- ditures were 568 dollars. The officers for 1830 are Charles Penrose, President; Peter Williamson, Secre- tary,- and twelve managers. The Public Aims-House. The Aims-House or House of Employment, estab- lished bylaw for the reception of the poor, is situat- ed on the square between Spruce and Pine, Tenth and Eleventh streets, and comprises a very extensive range of buildings. The establishment is under the direction of nine managers appointed by the guar- dians of the poor. In 1810, the average number of paupers supported and employed in the Aims-House was Men . . 526 Women . 385 Children . 383 Total . .1294 The sum expended for their support was $50,761 87 cents, being about $39 for each pauper. The tax levied in 1811 for the support of the poor of the city and count)% including those in the Aims-House, was $83,000. In 1823 the average number of paupers in the 58 Philadelphia in \ 830 — 1. Aims-House was 1225 ; besides whom 180 children were maintained at the Asylum in Fifth street. The sum expended for the support of the paupers in the Aims-House in 1823, was about $52,000, being- for each pauper about $42. The tax levied on the city and county in 1823, for the support of the poor, was about $120,000. The sum expended for the support of the paupers in the Aims-House in 1829 was §49,835, and the averag-e number of paupers was 1092, being- for the support of each about 45 dollars. In 1820, the manag-ers established an Asylum for the children of the poor distinct from the Alms- House, in a large building- on Fifth street, below Prime street in Southwark, which they have since purchased. The good effects of this change upon the health and morals of the children, are very per- ceptible. At the Aims-House there is an Infirmary, and clini- cal lectures are delivered to the medical class during the winter, by the professors of the medical school. There are two graduates, and four medical students, who reside in the house ? and four surgeons, four physicians, and two accoucheurs, attached to the in- stitution. Resident students pay an initiation fee of two hundred dollars, and are boarded and lodged in the house for one year. Medical students pay ten dollars for a ticket to attend the practice of the In- firmary, and have the use of the library, containing nearly 3000 volumes. Charitable Institutions. 59 Most of the mechanical occupations are pursued within the walls of the institution by those who are able to work, and a portion of the expenses of the institution is defrayed by the proceeds of their labour. A tread wheel for grinding" grain has of late years been introduced. The Friends' Aims-House Is situated in Walnut street, on the south side, be- tween Third and Fourth streets. This interesting establishment is devoted by the society of Friends to the support or comfort of their own poor. The building forms a hollow square, and consists of a number of small rooms, each opening on a lot of ground, which is appropriated to the cultivation of herbs and other vegetables. Nothing can be more judicious than the plan and management of this in stitution, which, without altogether depriving its inmates of the feeling of independence, provides for disease and declining years a refuge and main- tenance. Orphan Asylum^ Instituted by a society of ladies, in 1814, to pro- vide for the support and education of poor children deprived of their parents. The Asylum is superin- tended by twenty -four managers, chosen annually by the contributors, who pay each two dollars per annum. A payment of thirty dollars creates a membership for life. The lot of ground on which the Asylum stands. 60 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . at the north-east corner of Cherry street and Schuyl- kill Fifth street, was presented to the institution by Messrs Ralston, Archer, Richards, and Wetherill; and a building- was erected in 1817- On the morning of the 24th of January 1822, this building- was con- sumed by an accidental fire, and twenty -three of the little inmates perished. The sensibility of the citi- zens of Philadelphia was awakened by this lament- able occurrence, and private subscriptions to the amount of nearly 28,000 dollars were obtained, which with a liberal grant of 5000 dollars by the legislature of Pennsylvania, enabled the managers to rebuild the edifice. The present building-, standing- on the site of the former, has been constructed with a view to security from fire 5 and the arrangements for the convenience of the inmates are very judicious. Since March 3, 1815, when the first orphans were received, two hundred and thirty two have been ad- mitted into the Asylum, and at a proper age 105 have been indentured. Ninety -five are there at present. The expenses for maintaining the family in 1829 were 3700 dollars, and the income, arising from per- manent funds and donations upward of 4100 dollars. The munificent legacy of our late liberal fellow citizen Frederick Kohne, Esq. has provided against the future wants of the institution and identified his name with its prosperity. The Institution is under two directresses, a sec- retary, treasurer, and twenty -four manag-ers, elected Charitable Institutions. 61 annually. First Directress, Mrs Sarah W. Fisher 5 Second Directress, Mrs Letitia Buchanan; Treasurer, Mrs Julia R. Williams 5 Secretary, Miss Rebecca Gratz. St Joseph's Orphan Asylum, An institution for the education and support of orphans of Cathohc parents, was incorporated in 1807. The Asylum is in Sixth street, near Spruce, adjoining- the Church of the Holy Trinity. Seventy- three orphans have received support and education from this institution since its establishment, twenty- eight of whom are at present in the Asylum, under the care of Sisters of Charity, who receive no com- pensation for their services. The institution is sup- ported by donations and annual subscriptions. Its officers are — Rev. Michael Hurley, President^ Lewis Ryan, Treasurer,- Rev. John Hughes, Chaplain,- and Joseph Snyder, Secretary. The Asylum for Indigent Widows and Single Women Was instituted in 1817 by a society of ladies, and provides a comfortable home and a decent main- tenance for females in reduced circumstances. The Asylum is a neat substantial brick building, on Cherry street, between Schuylkill Fifth and Sixth streets. The government of the institution is vested in a first and second directress, a treasurer, secretary and twenty-four managers, who are chosen annually. F 62 Ph iladelphia in 1 8 30— I . Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb Was incorporated Feb. 8, 1821, and the legislature endowed it by a grant of eight thousand dollars, and al- so provided for the paynnent of 160 dollars per annum for four years, for the support and education of every indigent mute child, of suitable age, in the common- wealth of Pennsylvania, which should be admitted to the institution, provided that the annual payment should not exceed 8000 dollars. The system of edu- cation adopted in this establishment is that of the abbe de I'Epee and Sicard, which has been so successfully practised in Europe. The Asylum located on the west side of Broad sti'eet near the corner of Pine street, was designed by Haviland and is constructed of granite; the founda- tion was laid in the month of May 1824. It is com- posed of a centre building, fifty feet front by sixty- three in depth ; with wings of two stories, each twenty-five feet in width, and extending at right angles with the centre 92 feet, and the whole front is 96 feet 6 inches. The basement is appropriated for dining rooms, work shops, baths, apartments for culinaiy and other domestic purposes. The next floor is devoted to parlours, offices, a chapel, and spacious passages to the wings, where the children pass the time not employed in .school, or in the courts or shops. The upper story of the main buil- ding is divided into school rooms and chambers for the matron and principal teachers. The pupils Charitable Institutions. 63 are lodged in the second story of the wings, the sexes being" carefully separated ; and for security against fire the stair cases from the basement to the chambers are of marble. Besides the care of the intellectual and moral edu- cation of the pupils, the managers of this noble institution have exerted themselves to instruct them in useful branches of manufacture, that they may be qualified on leaving the Asylum to maintain them- selves in honest industry. The profits derivedby the institution from the manufacture of different articles during the year 1829 amounted to ^285 63 cents. The average niimber of pupils in the institution during 1829, was 75, and the expenditure during the year ending May 1, 1830 was $10,689 70 cents. One afternoon in every week is assigned for the admission of strangers sojourning in the city who may be disposed to visit the Asylum and witness the exercises of the pupils, for which purpose a card must be obtained from one of the directors. Christ Church Hospital. An institution for the relief and support of aged females of the Episcopal Church, was founded by Dr John Kearsley, formerly an eminent physician of Philadelphia, who bequeathed a considerable estate to the rector, wardens, and vestry of the United Episcopal Churches, for this purpose. Subsequent bequests and contributions have augmented the funds of this valuable charity, which supplies food, 64 PhiladeljjJiia in 1 830— I . lodg-ing" and medical attendance to about sixteeH females. The institution, which was for a long- time established at No. Ill Arch street, has recently been removed to a new and convenient building-, erected for the purpose in Cherry street above Third, sixty feet in front and forty in depth. Lunatic Asylum. This institution was established with funds fur- nished almost exclusively by members of the society of Friends belong-ing- to the yearly meeting- held at Philadelphia, which embraces within its limits the eastern part of Pennsylvania, the states of New Jer- sey and Delaware, and the eastern shore of Mary- land. The present site of the Asylum is near Frankford, about five miles from Philadelphia, and was pur- chased in 1814, at a cost of about $10,000. The cost of the Asylum, with the outbuildings, was about $45,000. The building for the reception of patients is of stone, and consists of a centre edifice, three stories high, and about sixty feet square, and two wings, each about one hundred feet long, twenty -four feet wide, and two stories high. The wings are divided into rooms, about nine and ahalf feet each by ten feet, with a passage or hall ten feet in width. Each room has a window, and a transom over the door. The sashes are of cast iron, but resemble wood work so much, that the difference is not easily per- ceived. Several of the rooms are so constructed as to admit rarefied air from stoves in the basement Charitable Institutions. 65 story, and having a ventilator in the ceiling opening into the garret, can be made perfectly dark, and have the advantage of heat, when necessary to keep patients continually in them. The house was opened for patients in May ISlf, under the direction of a board of twenty mana- gers, a committee of whom visit the house weekly. A physician visits the house daily, and consulting physicians attend from Philadelphia when necessary. Occupation is provided for the patients whenever the state of their minds will admit of it, and one of the objects of the institution seems to be to keep from the minds of the patients any idea of restraint or confinement. No persons are admitted as visitors to the apart- ments occupied by the patients, unless introduced by a manager. Near relations, or particular friends of patients, are excepted from this rule. Provident Society. This valuable institution was established for the purpose of enabling persons in indigent circumstan- ces to support themselves by their own industry. Its operations commenced in February 1824. During the first eight weeks of its existence, it gave em- ployment to 1400 persons, the greater part of whom performed the work given out to them at their own houses. The house of industry, estabhshed by this society, is at No. 3, South Alley, between Fifth and Sixth streets. In 1825 an asylum for lost children F2 66 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . was established by the society. President, Bishop White; Vice Presidents, Joseph Watson and Roberts Vaux. Female Society for the Relief and Employment of the Poor Was instituted in the year 1793, and affords em- ployment to industrious females. A house of indus- try has been established by this society, in which they employ poor women in spinning wool and flax. The females thus employed receive food and wages from the society, and the produce of their labour is sold at the warehouse of the society for the benefit of their funds. Female Hospitable Society, Another benevolent institution for the relief and employment of the poor, was instituted in 1809. Its purposes and objects are similar to those of the last named society, excepting that the Hospitable So- ciety gives employment to poor females at their own homes. The city is divided into districts, each of which is allotted to a committee of members, who attend to the sick or afflicted in tlie quarter assigned to them. The ware-room of the institution is at No. 1, Appletree alley; and the society have for sale, at No. 54 North Fourth street, cotton, flax, and wool- len yarn, sewing thread, sheets, table linen, &c. ma- nufactured by the poor. Charitable Institutions, 67 The Saving Fund Society, An admirable institution for the prevention of pauperism, possessing- all the advantages without the inconvenience and risk of the mutual benefit socie- ties, was incorporated on the 25th of February 1819, and authorized to receive deposits to an amount not exceeding- 300,000 dollars. The office of the insti- tution is at No. 66 AValnut street, and is open to re- ceive deposits on the Monday and Thursday after- noons of each week. No deposits of a larger sum than 500 dollars in one year, from one person, can be received. By a subsequent act of assembly, the amount of capital fund has been extended to 600,000 dollars. The affairs of the institution are managed by twenty-five directors. The Saving Fuel Society Is similar in its objects to the last named associa- tion. It affords an opportunity for the poor to pro- vide themselves with fuel in the inclement part of the winter, at a moderate cost, by the payment of a small sum per week during the summer and autumn. The wood is purchased by the society when it is cheapest in the market, and deposited in convenient places, whence it is drawn out by the contributors, according to the amount of their payments. A great saving of money is thus made to the poor, who in severe winters are often obliged to pay enormous prices for wood. The institution was established in G8 Philadelphia in \Q30—\. 1821. Deposits not exceeding- twenty dollars for any one family, may be made at any of the offices established by the society, which are fourteen in number. Soup Societies. Several associations have been formed in Phila- delphia and its vicinity, for the supply of the poor with nourishing- soup during the winter. The ne- cessary funds are supplied by small annual contribu- tions of benevolent persons. Humane Society^ Established in 1780 for the aid of persons whose vital functions are suspended in consequence of di'owning-, suffocation, &,c. For the purpose of re- covering- the bodies of drowned persons, drag's are placed at all the ferries and places of public resort on the Delaware and Schuylkill, with the usual ap- paratus and medicines. The society has also offered premiums for the best dissertations on the means of restoring- to life persons apparently dead by drown- ing. Many valuable lives have been saved by the exertions of this society. The expenditure is about four hundred dollars per annum. Magdalen Society^ Instituted in 1800. Its objects are, "to aid in restoring to the paths of virtue those unhappy fe- males who have been robbed of their innocence. Charitable Institutions. 69 and are desirous of returning- to a life of rectitude." The objects of the solicitude of the society are maintained in an asylum, purchased for the institu- tion, at the corner of Race and Schuylkill Second streets. The Roman Catholic Society for the Relief of Destitute Orphans. This society went into operation May 1, 1830, The building at present occupied, is a private house. No. 10, Prune street. The society is superintended by the Sisters of Charity, under the direction of the Rev. Mr Hughes. The Philadelphia Society for alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons. A society, contemplating similar purposes, was formed just before the revolutionary war, but its operations were interrupted by the struggle for in- dependence. In the year 1787, the present institu- tion was organized. Its title would imply only the employment of benevolent offices toward the suffer- ing inmates of prisons ; but, whilst it has always ex- tended relief to offenders against the laws, this so- ciety enjoys the honourable distinction of having successfully laboured until it witnessed a reforma- tion in the penal code of Pennsylvania. When it began its work of beneficence, the jails of Pennsyl- vania presented a melancholy spectacle. Prisoners of both sexes, and of all ages, the long transgressing 70 Philadelphia in \S30—\. culprit and the novice in crime, the accused and the convicted, promiscuously associated tog-ether. The pillory and whipping-post were resorted to, to de- grade rather than to reform offenders found guilty of minor offences ; whilst the awful punishment of death was the penalty of all the higher order of crimes. The reverse of this now distinguishes Penn- sylvania ; her example has excited the notice of re- mote nations, and efforts ai'e making to profit by that example. The Right Rev. Bishop White is president of this society; Roberts A^'aux and Bartholomew Wistar are the committee of correspondence, to whom applica- tion may be made by strangers for further informa- tion. Aboliticm Society. *'The Pennsylvania Society for promoting the Abolition of Slavery, the relief of free Negroes un- lawfully held in bondage, and for improving the con- dition of the African race," was formed in the year 1774, enlarged in 1787, and incorporated in 1789. Among those who first associated for the promotion of these just and generous purposes, M'as Benezet, the philanthropist ; and, subsequently to the close of his labours, Franklin and Pemberton, Rush and Wistar, have contributed their talents and influence to the same laudable objects. The chief end of the original institution, the aboli- tion of slavery in Pennsylvania, having been accom- Charitable Institutions, 71 plished, the society now directs it attention to the moral culture and mental elevation of the descen- dants of the long degraded African, supporting and superintending elementary schools in which coloured children are gratuitously instructed. The efforts of the society are also exerted in vindicating the rights of free negroes, who are sometimes fraudulently claimed as slaves by unworthy individuals, and but for such interposition, would fall a prey to avarice and all the evils of servitude. The president of the society at this time is William JRawky Esq. The schools are held in a plain neat building, erected for the purpose, on Cherry street, between Sixth and Seventh streets. Masonic Societies. A Grand Lodge of *' Moderns," appears to have existed in Philadelphia so early as 1732. In 1743, Thomas Oxnard was appointed Provincial Grand Master of all North America ; and in 1749, Benja- min Franklin received the appointment of Provin- cial Grand Master of Pennsylvania. The first Grand Lodge of "Ancient York Masons," was held in 176L Since that period various subordinate lodges have been established in the city and throughout the state. In 1809, a large and commodious edifice on the north side of Chestnut street, between Seventh and Eighth streets, was erected for the accommodation of the different lodges. This building, more remarkable for its size than its architectural beauty, was in a 72 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . great part destroyed by an accidental fire in 1818, but rebuilt in the same year. Besides the institutions, of which a brief account has been given, there are in Philadelphia upwards of one hundred and fifty societies, — for even the names of which we have not room, — which afford to their members, or to strangers, assistance, relief, comfort, or protection. Most of them are mutual benefit societies, associations of tradesmen and me- chanics for the support of each other in sickness and infirmity. The joint stock is commonly derived from weekly or other payments of small sums by the mem- bers- There are also among this number several societies for the relief of foreigners in distress. Such are the German Society, the Society of St Andrew, the St George's Society, &c. Franklin Fund. Among the charities of Philadelphia, may perhaps be enumerated the bequest made by Dr Franklin to the corporation of the city, for the purpose of lend- ing small sums "to such young unmarried artificers under the age of twenty-five years, as have served an apprenticeship in the city, and faithfully fulfilled the duties required^in their indentures." The legacy amounted to $4444 44 cents, or £1000 sterling. No loan to one person is to exceed £60, nor to be less than £15. The interest paid by the borrower is five per cent, and he is required to give a bond, with Charitable Institutions. 73 two sureties, for the repayment of the money. The amount of the fund, on the 1st of January 1830, in- chuling- interest due, was $22,062, being- an increase of $17,618. Dr FrankUn calculated, that at the end of one hundred years it would amount to £131,000 sterling-, or $581,640, of which he recommended that £100,000 should be applied to public purposes, and the balance of £31,000 left to accumulate for ano- ther century, at the end of which period he sup- posed that it would amount to upwards of four mil- lions of pounds sterling-, or upwards of seventeen millions of dollars, which is to be divided between the inhabitants of Philadelphia and the government of Pennsylvania. John Scott's Legacies. The sum of three thousand dollars. United States three per cents, was bequeathed to the corporation for the same purposes, by John Scott, in 1816. The same benevolent individual also bequeathed the further sum of four thousand dollars in the funded three per cent stock of the United States, to the corporation of the city of Philadelphia, to the in- tent, "that the interest and dividends to become receivable thereon, should be laid out in premiums to be distributed among ingenious men and women, who make useful inventions, but no such premium to exceed twenty dollars; and that therewith shall be given a copper medal with tliis inscription : ' To THJE MOST DESERVING.'" The sclcct and common G 74 PhiladelpJiiainl8oU—\. councils, by an ordinance passed November 22d, 1821, entrusted *' The Philadelphia Society fur pro- moting Agriculture,^* with the distribution of the aforesaid premiums and medals, for the term of five years; and on the 25th of January 1827, they renew- ed the ordinance for a further period of seven years. Successive committees of the Society were appoint- ed to attend to the business, by which twenty-three premiums have been awarded, to the amount of $400, besides medals. Bequests to the Poor of Philadelphia. Several funds have been created by benevolent persons for the relief of the poor. 1. " 7%e Fund for supplying the Necessitous Poor with Fuel" has arisen from legacies given by differ- ent persons, and consists of $1932 88 cents. United States three per cents, two shares of the stock of the Bank of Pennsylvania, and fifty shares of the City Loan ; the interest of which is annually distributed in wood. 2. The Fund for the relief of persons in the City Hospital, during the existence of Yellow Fever, was created by a legacy of £1000, given for the purpose by John Bleakley, Esq. by liis will, dated the 19th of April 1802. 3. The Fund for supplying the Poor with Bread., arises from bequests made by William Carter and Petty, of one hundred dollars each, the inte- rest of which is laid out in bread, which is annually Charitable Institutions. 75 distributed by the guardians of the poor among- the necessitous. One of the greatest benefactors of the pubhc cha- rities of Philadelphia was John Keble, who derived his own education from the charity of the " Blue- Coat Hospital" of London. By his will he be- queathed the residue of his estate, amounting to $103,114, to the Episcopal ministers of Philadelphia, to be distributed to pious and charitable purposes, according to their judgment. House of Refuge. This institution, so highly important to public morals, was projected in 1826, by certain charitable individuals. After the society was organised, com- mittees were appointed to solicit contributions in aid of the undertaking. The sum subscribed was $8104 41 cents. An application was also made, during the same year, for assistance to the legislature, which granted with great liberality the sum of ten thousand dollars from the state treasury ; ten thousand dollars was also obtained from the county of Philadelphia, towards the erection of buildings, and the county commissioners were authorised to pay the further sum of five thousand dollars per annum for five years, commencing in 1829, to be apphed to the support of the institution. Thus encouraged, the managers, on the 2lst of June 1827, commenced a building adequate to the pubhc exigences, and in less than six months from that time, nearly all the 76 Philadelphia m 1 8 30— 1 . mason work was finished and the house covered in. The whole cost of the building- was $38,000. The site of the House of Refuge is at the corner of the Ridge Road and Francis's Lane. A plot of ground, 400 feet in length from east to west, and 231 feet in breadth from north to south, bounded by streets on all sides, has been enclosed with a stone wall two feet thick and twenty feet in height. The main edifice fronts on Howard Street, and is 92 feet in length by 30 in depth. This building is for the accommodation of the keeper's family and the ma- nagers, and contains convenient apartments for a library, and for infirmaries for the delinquents. The wings on each side, extend the whole length of the front, and contain three ranges of stories of cells, four feet by seven feet each, for separate lodging rooms. These cells, of which there are eighty-six in either wing, are furnished only with a small bed- stead and shelf; but well lighted and ventilated, and exposed at all times to absolute superintendence and inspection. Workshops are constructed in the extensive area, which is surrounded by a lofty wall. The kitchen apartments are arranged in the rear of the centre building. A chapel of moderate dimen- sions is constructed, so as to keep the different sexes from conversation, and even from seeing each other. Religious exercises are performed twice on each Sunday, by clergymen of different denominations. Large intervals between the several buildings afford the means of recreation, exercise and rational amuse- Charitable Institutions. 77 ment in the open air. The main building- is covered with tin, and the dormitories are slated. The establishment was formally opened on the 29th of November 1828, and on the 8th of Decem- ber following", the first subject was introduced to the discipline of the house : since which, the num- ber of inmates has increased with a rapidity which threatens to be greatly disproportioned to the per- manent means for their support and instruction; as the house is open for the reception, not only of the idle and deserted of the neighbourhood, but of any part of Pennsylvania. The law authorises the re- ception of all males under the age of twenty-one, and females not exceeding that of eig-hteen. A description of the course of employment for a single day will serve to show the general habits and occupations of the place: The bell rings at a quarter before five o'clock in the morning. At five o'clock the domiitories are opened, and the boys after washing and combing, assemble in the hall for morning worship. Their school exercises next commence, and continue till seven o'clock, when they breakfast. At half past seven they go to work, and continue at work until twelve, which is the time of dining. After finishing their dinner, they have a lesson or lecture on some useful, moral or scientific subject, until one o'clock. From one until five, when they go to supper, they are engaged at their respective employrnents. If the work be done within the allotted time, half an G 2 78 Philadelphia in 1830—1. hour is allowed for recreation and play. School be- g"ins at half past five, and they remain there until a quarter before eig-ht, when, after evening- prayers, they retire to rest, and the dormitories are safely locked. With slig-ht variations, the occupations and duties of the females are conducted in a like manner. Two hundred and seventy-nine inhabitants can be lodg'ed, educated and employed, viz. 196 boys and 83 girls. It is stated in the report of 1830, that dui*- ing the lasttwelve months, fifty-two have been bound by indenture. The amount of the annual expense is about $12,000, and an interest is payable on the permanent debt of $1320 per annum. BANKS. Bank of the United States Was established by act of congress, on the 10th day of April 1816, and chartered until the Sd day of March 1836. The bonus to the government was 1,500,000 dollars. Its capital is 35,000,000 dollars, divided into 350,000 shares of 100 dollars each .- of these the government subscribed 70,000 shares, and is there- fore one-fifth proprietor of the bank. The capital is divided between the parent bank at Philadelphia, and the different offices of discount and deposit, or branches, established in various parts of the union. The present distribution of these branches is as follows : — At Portland in Maine, at Banks. 79 Burling-ton in Vermont, at Portsmouth in New Hamp- shire, at Providence in Rhode Island, at Boston in Massachusetts, at Hartford in Connecticut, at New York in New York, at Buffaloe in New York, at Baltimore in Maryland, at Washing-ton in the Dis- trict of Columbia, at Richmond in Virg-inia, at Nor- folk in Virginia, at Fayetteville in North Carolina, at Charleston in South Carolina, at Savannah in Georg-ia, at Mobile in Alabama, at New Orleans in Louisiana, at St Louis in Missouri, at Lexington in Kentucky, at Louisville in Kentucky, at Cincinnati in Ohio, and at Pittsburg in Pennsylvania. The general administration of the bank is entrust- ed to a board of twenty -five directors, of whom five are annually appointed by the president and senate of the United States, and twenty are annually elect- ed by the stockholders. The branches are managed by a board of directors, annually chosen by the pa- rent board, and consisting of from seven to thirteen members. Description of the Banking-House. — This building is formed on the plan of the Parthenon at Athens, so far as it could be, consistently with the different pur- poses for which it is designed, and dispensing of course with the flanking columns, and every appen- dage of mere decoration. The ascent to the porticos is by a flight of six steps to a terrace extending in front of the building, ana sixteen feet on each flank. On this platform, being eighty-seven feet in Front, and one hundred and sixty-one feet in depth, including 80 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . the porticos, the building- is erected. In front, steps of marble lead to the basement, projecting- ten feet six inches in front of the building, and upon which rise eight Doric columns, four feet six inches in dia- meter, and twenty-seven feet in height, supporting a plain entablature, and a pediment, the vertical an- gle of which is 153°. The door of entrance opens into a large vestibule with circular ends, embracing the transfer and loan offices on the right and left, together with a com- modious lobby leading to the banking-room. The vestibule ceiling is a prolonged pannelled dome, di- vided into three compartments by bands enriched with the guilloches springing from a projecting im- post containing a sunken frette. The pavement is tesselated with American and Italian marble through- out- The banking-room occupies the centre of the building, being forty-eight feet wide, having its length, eighty-one feet, in an east and west direction, and lighted exclusively from these aspects. Its leading featiu-es present a double range of six fluted marble columns, twenty-two inches in diameter, at a distance of ten feet each from the side walls, forming a screen or gallery for the clerks' desks, which are placed within the intercolumniations. These co- lumns are of the Greek Ionic order, with a full en- tablature and blocking course, on which the great central and lateral arches are supported: the central arch, being semi-cylindrical, is twenty-eight feet in Banks. 8 i \llameter, eighty-one feet in length, and subdivided into seven compartments, with projecting concentric platbands over and of equal diameter with each co- lumn, the intervals being enriched with square sunk- en moulded panels: this ceiling is thirty -five feet from the floor to the crown of the arch, and is ex- ecuted with great precision and effect. An Isthmian wreath, carved in one entire block of Pennsylvania white marble, surrounds the clock face, which oc- cupies the space of the first panel over the entabla- ture in the centre, the design of which is copied from the reverse of an antique gem found at Corinth, and described by Stuart in his work on the Antiqui- ties of Athens. The tellers' counters are composed of marble, forming panelled pedestals across each end of the banking-room, commencing at the first column from each of the end walls. The stockholders' room is a parallelogram of twenty-eight feet by fifty, being lighted from the portico of the south front, having a groin arched ceiling, with projecting platbands, enriched with guilloches springing near the base of the groin angle, across the semi-circular intrados of the arch. Each end of the room is ornamented with niches eight feet wide, the heads of which form an architrave con- centric with the semi-circular panels in the tympanum of the shortest diameter. The committee rooms from the stockholders' open right and left, flanked by two flights of marble stairs, leading to the clock chamber and other apartments in the second story. 82 Philadelphia in \S30^]. The private stairway from the banking'-room leads to the directors', engravers', and copperplate prin- ters' rooms, being lighted from the roof. All the in- ternal door-jambs, sills, and imposts, are of marble. The banking'-room is amply warmed by two cast iron furnaces, lined with fire brick, being' simply erected within an air chamber, through which the external atmosphere passes, and becomes heated by the furnace: it then rises through the arch into a circular cast-iron pedestal, perforated on the sides, out of which it is suffered to escape into the room. The whole body of the building is arched in a bomb-proof manner from the cellar to the roof, which is covered with copper. All the groin arches are girdled at the springing line with iron straps, passing" round within the body of the division walls. The foundation stone was laid on the 19th day of April 1819; and the whole building- was completed in August 1824. 2. Bank of North America, The oldest bank in the United States, was estab- lished in consequence of the depressed state of the finances of the United States, in 1781 5 and it is be- lieved that its institution, and the exertions of Mr Ro- bert Morris, its originator, saved the treasury from be- coming publicly bankrupt. A charter was obtained from congress in December 1781; and in April 1782 an additional act of incorporation was passed by the legislature of Pennsylvania. This, however, was Banks. 83 repealed in 1785, owing" to the prejudices of some of the country members ,• but in 17^7 a new charter was g-ranted, which has been at different times since re- newed. The capitalis 1,000,000 dollars. The bank- ing-house is a plain brick building", rough-cast, on the north side of Chestnut street, between Third and Fourth streets. The discount days are Mondays and Thursdays. Presic^m^, Henry Nixon; Cashier, Henry Hollingsworth. 3. Bank of Pennsylvania, Incorporated in 1793, for twenty years. In 1810 the charter was renewed for twenty-one years. The capital stock is 2,500,000 dollars, of which the state holds to the amount of 1,500,000 dollars. Branches of this bank have been established at Lancaster and Easton. The directors are in number twenty-five, of whom three are annually appointed by each branch of the legislature, and the remaining nineteen are annually elected by the stockholders. The bank- ing-house of this company is in Second street, be- tween Chestnut and Walnut streets. This structure, from a design by the late Mr Latrobe, is the most pure model of Grecian architecture in this country, with the single exception of the Bank of the United States. The design is from the temple of the Muses, on the Ilyssus, near Athens, with two Ionic porticos of six columns each, supporting entablatures and pe- diments. The whole building, 125 feet by 51, is of white Pennsylvania mai*ble. The banking-room is 84 Philadelphia in \ 830— I. circular, surrounded by a dome covered with marble^ and lighted by a lantern in the centre. The stock- holders' room opens on the western portico, in front of which is a small but beautiful garden, surrounded by an iron palisade. The first stone of this classical and graceful structure was laid in April 1799, and the whole was finished in 1801. The officers of the institution are — Joseph Parker Norris, President ; Joseph Trotter, Cashier. Dis- count days, Wednesdays and Saturdays. 4. Bank of Philadelphia. This bank was incorporated in 1804, with k capi- tal of 2,000,000, of which the state holds upwards of 500,000 dollars. The charter was limited to twenty years ; but in 1823, it was renewed for fifteen years. Thirteen directors are annually elected by the stockholders, and two are annually appointed by each branch of the legislature, branches of this bank have been established at Washington, Harris- burg, and other places. The banking-house is at the south-west corner of Chestnut and Fourth streets. It is a neat and correct specimen of the Gothic style of architecture, and reflects great credit on the taste of Mr Latrobe, the architect. The building is constructed of brick, which has recently been roughcast and coloured in imitation of marble. The officers are— John Read, President ,- Quin- tin Campbell, Cashier. Discount days, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Banks. 85 5. Farmers and Mechanics* Bank, Incorporated, in 1809, for fifteen years. The charter was renewed for twenty years, in 1824. The capital is 1,250,000 dollars. There are thir- teen directors annually elected by the stockholders. A majority of the directors must be farmers, me- chanics, or manufacturers. The banking-house is a plain brick building", recently rough-cast, in Chestnut street between Fourth and Fifth streets, and oppo- site to the bank of the United States. The officers are — Joseph Tagert, President,- W. Patton, Jun. Cashier. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 6. Commercial Bank, Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 1,000,000 dollars. The charter was renewed in 1824, for ten years from April 1 825. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking-house is a neat marble building on the north side of Mar- ket street above Second street. President, Andrew Bayard ; Cashier^ Benjamin P. Smith. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridaj'-s. 7. Mechanics' Bank, Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 1,000,000 dollars. In 1824, the charter was renewed for eight years, from April 1825. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking-house H 86 Philadelphia in 1 830— I . is a neat brick building-, on the east side of Third street, between Market and Chestnut streets. President, Samuel Lamb ; CasAier, Joseph B. Mitch- ell. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 8. Schuylkill Bankf Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 1,000,0,00 dollars. The charter was extended, in 1824, to the 1st of May 1837. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking-house is at the south east corner of Market and Sixth streets. President y William Meredith; Cashier^ H.J. Levis. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 9. Bank of the Northern LihertieSy Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 200,000 dollars. The charter was extended to 1835, by an act passed in 1823. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking-house is on the north side of Vine street, between Third and Second streets. Freside7it, John Barclay; Cashier, D. Mandeville. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 10. Stephen Girard's Bank. The capital of this bank is supplied entirely by the wealthy individual whose name it bears. The banking-house, in Third street, between Chestnut and Walnut streets, was built for, and occupied for Banks. 87 many years by the old Bank of the United States. It is a spacious building", with a marble front, and a portico with six marble columns of the Corinthian order. Cashier, Joseph lloberts. Discount days, Wednes- days and Saturdays. 11. Bank ofPenn Township, Incorporated in 1828, with a capital of 250,000 dollars. The charter to expire January 1, 1840. The banking-house is a plain brick building" at the south-west corner of Callowhill and Sixth streets. The board have purchased the vacant lot at the north-west corner of Sixth and Vine streets for the purpose of erecting- a banking-house thereon. President, Daniel H. Miller; Cashier, Jacob Frick. Discount days, Wednesdays and Saturdays. 12. Bank of Southwark, Incorporated in 1825, with a capital of 250,000 dollars, for eight years; the charter has since been extended to 1843. The banking house is a plain building in South Second street, west side, four doors below South street. President, Samuel Comly ; Cashier, J. S. Smith, Jun. Discount days, Mondays and Thursdays. 13. Kensington Bank, Incorporated in 1826, with a capital of 250,000 dollars. The charter to expire in 1836. The bank- ing-house is in Beach street below Maiden street. 8 8 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . President^ 3 ohwC Browne 5 Cashier, Charles Kean. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. The different banks of Philadelphia are open from nine A.M. until three P.M., every day, except Sundays, Christmas, and the 4th of July. INSURANCE COMPANIES. Marine Insurance Companies. For the insurance of property exposed to the risks of sea and fire, several companies have been estab- lished in Philadelphia. Until within the last thirty years, this business was usually performed by private underwriters. An insurance office for shipping is said to have been established so early as 1720, by John Copson. In 1792, Wilham Bradford opened a marine insurance office, which was continued until about the revolution. The first company that asso- ciPited with a joint stock for this purpose was incor- porated in 1794, under the name of the Insurance Company of North America. The capital of this association is $600,000, which is divided into shares of ten dollars each. Besides insurance on vessels and cargoes at sea, property is insured from loss by fire at this office. The direc- tors, fifteen in number, are annually elected by the stockholders. Insurance Companies. 89 President, John Inskeep. Office, No. 40 Walnut street. 2. Insurance Company of Pennsylvania, Incorporated in 1794, with a capital of $500,000, divided into shares of four hundred dollars each. The operations of this office are confined to marine risks. Thirteen directors are annually elected by the stockholders. President, Charles Macalister. Office, corner of Second and Dock streets. 3. Union Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1804. The capital is $300,000, divided into shares of $60 each. President, Lewis Clapier. Office, No. 45 Walnut street. 4. Phoenix Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1804. The capital is $480,000, divided into shares of $80 each. President^ David Lewis. Office, No. 96 South Second street. 5. Delaware Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1804. There are fifteen directors chosen annually by the stockholders . President, Samuel Keith. Office at the south east corner of Second and Walnut streets. H 2 90 Pkiladelphla in 1 830— 1 . 6, Philadelphia Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1804, with a capital of $400,000, divided into shares of §100 each. President, John Ashley. Office at the south west corner of Second and Walnut streets. 7- United States Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1810. The capital is $200,000, divided into shares of $25 each. Thirteen directors are annually elected by the stockholders. President, William Young. Office, No 36 Walnut street. 8. Marine Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1809, with a capital of $300,000, divided into shares of $100 each. Thirteen directors are annually elected. President, John Leamy . Office, No. 47 Walnut street. 9. Atlantic Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1825. The capital $300,000, di- vided into shares of §100 each. President, Robert Wain. Office, No. 38 Walnut street. Fire Insurance Companies. There are in Philadelphia six institutions for the insurance of property against fire only. Of these the most ancient is the Insurance Companies. 91 1. PhiladelpJiia ConhibutionsJa'p, Formed so early as 1752. By the " deed of set- tlement," which was altered in 1810, all persons insuring- with the society are deemed members dur- ing the continuance of their interest in their respec- tive policies, which continue in force so long* as the premium is left with the society. This association is commonly called the *' Hand-in-Hand Insurance Company," from the device on their badg-e. Twelve directors, and a treasurer, are annually chosen. 7Wasurer, J. S. Lewis. Office, No. 25 Dock street. 2. MutualJlsstirance Company. This association was formed in 1784, in conse- quence of the inconvenience experienced by the refusal of the Contributionship Company to insure houses before which trees were planted. The prin- ciples of the association are the same as those of the last mentioned company. Thirteen directors are annually chosen by the members. Secretary, John C. Stocker. Office, No. 54 Walnut street. 3. American Fire Insurance Company y Incorporated in ISIO, by the legislature, with a capital of $500,000, which is divided into shares of $100. The business of the company is confined to tlie insurance of houses and other property, and of vessels in port. Nine directors are annually elected. Secretary, Job Bacon. Office, No. 101 Chestnut street. ' 92 Philadelphia in 1830—1. 4. Fire Association of Philadelphia^ Incorpomted in 1820, and is composed of the mem- bers of several of the Eng-ine and Hose companies. The directors are personally liable for losses arising from insurances, when such shall amount to more than the capital stock. Treasurer and Clerk^ John Greiner. Office, No. 39^ North Fifth street. 5. Pen7isylvania Fire Insurance Company "Was incorporated with a perpetual charter in 1825; the capital, authorized, is $400,000. Tliis company make insurance, either permanent or limit- ed, on property and effects of every description. Secretary y Jonathan Smith. Office, No. 134 Wal- nut street. 6. Franklin Fire Insurance Company Was incorporated in 1829 ; charter perpetual. The capital may be increased to any sum not exceed- ing four thousand shares of $100 each— $400,000. This company make insurance, either permanent or limited, on property and effects of every description. Secretary, C N. Bancker. Office, No. 163^ Chest- nut street. Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and granting Annuities. This company was incorporated in 1812, by the legislature of the state, with a perpetual charter. Insurance Companies. 93 and a capital of half a million of dollars. It makes all kinds of contracts, in which the contingencies of life are involved. President, Thomas Astley. Actuary, Joseph Ro- berts, Jun. Office, No. 72 South Third street, oppo- site Dock street. COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Connected with the commerce of Philadelphia are several establishments and institutions, which may properly be noticed in this place. The Custom House. For the transaction of the public business of this establishment, a new building has been erected, at the cost of the United States, on the west side of Se- cond street, below Dock street. The edifice is neat and in good taste. The front of the basement story is of marble ; the remainder of the exterior is of brick. In a niche in front of the attic story is a sta- tue representing commerce, by Rush. The design of the building was furnished by Strickland, under whose superintendence it was erected. The principal officers of the customs are — James N. Barker, Collector; John Kern, Deputy Collector ,- William Duncan, Surveyor; John Pemberton, Naval Officer; John Steele, Weighmaster; Samuel Ross and Thomas Stewart, .Appraisers. 94 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Wardens of the Port. By an act of assembly passed in 1803, the governor is authorised to appoint annually one master warden and six assistants, who have power to g-rant licenses to pilots, to make rules for their government, and to decide questions between them, and the owners and masters of vessels ; to direct the mooring of ships, and the order in which they shall he, load, and unload at the wharves 5 to determine upon the construction and extent of wharves, and to ordain penalties for the breach of their rules. An appeal lies from their decision to the court of common pleas, provided it be made within six days. The wardens for 1830 are — Master Warden, David MafSt ; Assistants, Stephen Girard, Paul Beck, Jun. Samuel Volans, Bankson Taylor, Thomas D. Grover, Isaac W. Norris. Inspections. For the important purpose of maintaining the high character of the produce of Pennsylvania in foreign countries, the legislature has, at different times since 1827, authorised the appointment of offi- cers to superintend and inspect various articles of exportation. Tlie following is a list of the commo- dities hable to inspection. Beef and pork, flour, shad and herrings, butter and lard, flax-seed, shingles, lumber, ground black-oak bark, domestic distilled spirits. Commercial Institutions. 95 Chamber of Commerce. In the year 1801, an association of merchants was formed under this name, for the purpose, as the pre- amble stated, *'of aiding- the trade of the city of Philadelphia, by carrying- into effect such rules and regulations as may from time to time be established with respect to commerce, and the adjustment of mercantile differences between each other." The members meet once in each month. The officers are a president, two vice-presidents, a secretary, and a treasurer, who are chosen annually on the first Monday of January. Monthly committees of five are appointed to adjust and determine mercantile disputes. The officers for 1830 are — Robert Ralston, Presi- dent; Thomas P. Cope and Lewis Clapier, Vice- Presidents; Robert Smith, Treasurer; John Vaughan, Secretary. The Exchange, Or Merchants' Coffee House, is a plain but spa- cious and convenient building", in Second street, between Chestnut and Walnut streets, the next house south of the Bank of Pennsylvania. It is supported by an annual subscription of seven dollars, paid by each member. There is attached to it an excellent reading-room, containing a great variety of American and European newspapers. 96 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCES, THE ARTS, 8cc. Philadelphia possesses numerous institutions es- tablished for the diffusion of useful literature, and the prosecution of scientific inquiries. In no part of the world, perhaps, is the love of reading more pre- valent; and its general diffusion has contributed to impress upon the character of the mechanics a respec- tability which they do not possess in Europe. A great portion of the sedate and literary character of Philadelphia, has justly been attributed to the effects produced by The City Library. This noble institution, a fitter subject for civic pride than statues or public monuments, owes its origin to the literary taste and public spirit of Fkanklin. In 1731, he suggested to a number of his friends the union into one collection of their dif- ferent stocks of books, which, thus united, were at first kept in a small room in Pewter-platter alley. The plan soon became popular; for the books were not, as in some of the public libraries of Europe, confined to the apartment, but the members were allowed to carry them to their own houses, and study them at their leisure. The instrument of association, signed by thirty-eight members, is dated July 1, Literature^ Philosophy^ <^c. 97 1731. The first importation of books from England by the company, amounting* to £ 45. 155. sterling-, ar- rived in October 1732. The library was in 1773 transferred to the Carpenters' Hall. The advantages arising to the public from this institution were so ap- parent, that several similar associations were soon after formed, under the name of the Amicable, the Union, &c. which were, however, in a few years amalgamated with the first company, and the whole were united in a charter, with the name of ' * The Library Company of Philadelphia." In 1790, the present neat and ornamental edifice was erected, on the east side of Fifth street, opposite the State House square. It is well arranged internally for the pur- poses of a library, and over the front door is placed a marble statue of Franklin, executed in Italy, and presented by William Bingham, Esq. The collection of books in this institution has in- creased from year to year, by purchases and dona- tions, until it now forms probably the most consi- derable library of useful books in America. Twice in each year are received from London all the new English works of value ; and every American pro- duction of merit is regularly procured. In 1803, an accession of very valuable and costly works, to the amount of 2500 volumes, was received by the bequest of the Rev. Mr Preston, rector of Chevening in Kent, England. The numberof books at the present time is about 24,000, exclusive of theLoganian collection; and the number of members is upwards of 800. The I 98 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . price of a share in this institution is foity dollars, be- sides which, an annual payment of two dollars is made by each shareholder. Persons who desire to see or peruse books at the library, are permitted to do so free of charge. It will surprise strangers to learn, that this invaluable institution is open to the public only from two o'clock in the afternoon untiLsunset, which in the winter season gives little opportunity to the present large number of members to exchange their books. Attempts have frequently been made to produce a change in this respect, without success. A dislike to innovate on ancient usage seems to prevail with a large portion of the members. The affairs of the institution are managed by ten direc- tors, chosen annually, in the month of May. Loganian Library. Annexed to the City Library, and under the same roof, is a most valuable collection of ancient and clas- sical w^orks, principally in the Greek and Latin languages, the collection of the celebrated James Logan, and of some of his descendants, and by them appropriated to public use, together with the income from various property, for the gradual increase of the library: the am.ount of this fund is now about $10,000. The number of volumes is about 11,000. Athenseum. While the City Library enables the public to pro- cure books at a small expense for perusal at home. Literature^ Philosophy^ S^c, 99 the x\thenaeum furnishes a place of useful and agree- able resort, where valuable books of reference in every department of literature and science, the pe- riodical journals of Europe and America, maps, plates, &c. may always be found and consulted. This valuable institution was established in 1814, and incorporated in the succeeding" year, since which, its collection of books, &c. and its resources, have rapidly increased. It now occupies the second floor of the Philosophical Hall in Fifth street, on the east front of the State House square. There are two apart- ments, one of which contains the library, and the literary and scientific journals; the second is furnish- ed with newspapers. The library consists of about 5300 volumes, mostly books of practical utility, and the current and popular literature. There are, how- ever, some rare and costly works, and the collection of pamphlets is very valuable and extensive; among' these, is a series of 140 volumes, which belonged to Dr Franklin, many of them enriched with his MS. notes. In the newspaper-room are reg-ularly received more than seventy newspapers of the United States, four Eng-lish newspapers, and two French, besides occasionally papers from other parts of the world. Upwards of thirty reviews and mag-azines are receiv- ed monthly. The collection of maps, charts, and plans, is valuable. The rooms are open everyday, except Sundays, from eig-ht o'clock A.M. until ten P.M. The contributors to this institution are either stockholders, who pay twenty-five dollars principal, ILcfC. 100 Philadelphia i7i lS30—\. and four dollars annually ; or subscribers, who pay eight dollars annually. The number of stockholders is about four hundred^ of subscribers, about ninety. This institution has within the last year received the liberal bequest of ten thousand dollars from W. Lehman, Esq. one of its directors, for the purpose of erecting" a suitable building-; and Samuel Breck, Esq. has made a donation of eig-ht hundred and sixty-tlu-ee books. Strangers are admitted to the use of the rooms, on an introduction by a stockholder or subscriber. The number of strangers thus introduced, a register of whom is kept, exceeds one thousand annually. The affairs of the institution are managed by a board of directors, consisting of fifteen members, elected annually by the stockholders. The directors annually choose a president, vice-president, trea- surer, and secretary. The officers for 1830 are — President, Peter S. Du Ponceau; Vice-President, Roberts Vaux; Treasurer, Quintin Campbell; Secre- tary, William M'llhenny. The Friends^ Library Is a valuable collection of about 3000 volumes, principally on theological subjects, andmany of them exceedingly rare, originally commenced by Mr Thomas Chalkley in 1740, and increased by dona- tions and bequests of some other persons of the same religious belief. The books are kept in an apart- ment in the centre building of the meeting-house at Literature^ Philosophy^ <^c. 101 the corner of Arch and Fourth streets, and are under the care of a librarian, who attends every Saturday- afternoon for the delivery of books, free from ex- pense, to any respectable applicant, who shall sub- scribe to the rules. The Apprentices' Library. This very excellent institution is desig-ned to afford the means of instructive reading and valuable information to a class of persons whose situation in life often leads them into danger of evil habits. Its success has thus far been highly encouraging. The desire of useful information displayed by the large number of intelligent boys who regularly apply for books, leads to favourable auguries of the character of the future mechanics and tradesmen of Phila- delphia. The members of this institution, who pay annually two dollars, were incorporated on the 2d of April 1821. The number of books is about 6000; and the number of boys to whom books are lent is about 900. The library is kept in Carpenter street, running back of the Chestnut street theatre, and is open ever)'' Saturday afternoon, from three until nine o'clock. There are annually elected by the mem- bers, a president, vice-president, treasurer, secre- tary, and twenty-four managers. The officers for 1830-1 are — John Sergeant, President; Roberts Vaux, Vice-President; Samuel Sellers, Treasurer; Samuel Mason, Jun. Secretary. I 2 1 02 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . The Mercantile Library^ Instituted in 1822, was formed, as the name indi- cates, for the purpose of collecting" books useful to the mercantile class. The number of volumes of which the library now consists, is about 4000, prin- cipally on commerce, commercial law, the arts, sciences, &c. besides maps and charts. The mem- bers pay, on admission, ten dollars; and two dollars annually afterwards. Thirteen directors are annually chosen. The present officers are — President^ Thomas P. Cope; Treasurer, John Fausset. The library is kept in Chestnut street opposite the Theatre, and is open for reading or exchange of books, every The Southwark Library Is situated in Second street below Almond street. It was commenced in 1822, and contains about 1600 volumes. Arrangements have been made to procure an addition of 5000 volumes. There are about 120 stockholders, who at present pay five dollars a share, and an annual contribution of two dollars. These terms will be altered after the accession of books. A reading- room is attached to the library, in which about twenty papers, European and American, be- sides magazines and reviews, are regularly received. The Library and Reading-Room Company of the Northern Liberties Was established in 1830. There are upwards of Literature^ Philosophy^ <^c. 103 150 stockholders and subscribers, tog-ether; the latter pay five dollars a year. The stockholders pay five dollars fiar a share of stock, which is appropriated to purchasing" a library, and an annual contribution of four dollars. There are about twenty daily papers received at the reading- room, from different parts of the union, besides mag-azines and reviews. The room is at the north west corner of Noble and Second streets. The Law Library, Established in 1802, was formed for the accommo- dation of the members of the bar, of whom the as- sociation consists. It is kept in a room in the county court house, adjoining" the supreme and circuit courts. The books 'are allowed to be taken into either of the court rooms, to be used upon the trial and arg-ument of causes in court, but cannot be removed for other purposes. The annual subscription is two dollars. The officers are seven directors, who are annually elected. The directors appoint a treasurer, who also acts as secretary, and a librarian. The shareholders are now about ninety in number. The library contains about 1350 volumes, the greater num- ber of which are the ancient and modern reports of adjudged cases. The American Philosophical Society Was founded in 1743, principally by the exertions of Dr Franklin. In 1766, another institution, for 1 04 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . the same objects, was formed, called "The Ameri- can Society for promoting- useful knowledge ;" and these two societies were united, in 1769, under the title of *' The American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia, for promoting" useful knowledge." About the year 1785, the society erected, for their accommodation, a large and commodious building, on a part of the State House square, granted to them by the legislature of Pennsylvania. The library of the society consists of about 6000 volumes, of which a scientific catalogue has been printed; and is exceedingly valuable. The collec- tion of the Transactions of foreign academies is un- doubtedly the most complete in this country. The society have also a collection of objects of natural history, consisting principally of minerals and fossil remains. The meetings of the society are held on the first and third Fridays of every month, from October to May, both inclusive ; and on the third Friday of the other four months. On the other Friday evenings, the rooms are opened for the purpose of reading and conversation, and strangers are introduced. The society have pubhshed ten volumes of Trans- actions in quarto : the three last belong to a new series. The main object of this institution is the cultiva- tion of the exact sciences. It was thought import- ant, however, to extend its views to history, moral science, and general literature ; and a branch of the lAterature^ PJdlosophy^ <5'c. 105 society, under the name of a standing" committee, was formed for this purpose in 1815. This commit- tee has been actively and successfully engaged in the collection of historical documents, principally those relating- to the United States. They have pub- lished, separately, three volumes of transactions, in octavo. In 1786, John Hyacinth de Mag-ellan, of London, presented the society with funds for the establish- ment of an annual premium, to be awarded by the society to " the author of the best discovery or most useful invention relating- to navig-ation, astronomy, or natural philosophy, mere natural history only ex- cepted." The premium consists of an oval plate of standard g-old, with suitable devices engraved on it. These funds having been so managed as to pro- duce an annual surplus, the society determined to offer extra Magellanic premiums, upon views more extended than were originally contemplated by the donor. They accordingly offer this premium to the author of the most useful invention, improvement, discovery, or communication, in any department of science or the useful arts. The premium consists of a gold medal, of the value of not less than twenty nor more than forty-five dollars, or of the same sum in money, at the option of the candidate. Several premiums, both from the original and the surplus fund, have been awarded by the society. Tlie presidents of the society have been, IJenja- 1 OG PhiladelpJiid in 1 830— I . min Franklin, David Rittenhouse, Thomas Jeffer- son, Caspar "\Yistar, Robert Patterson, and AVilliam Tilghman. The officers of the society are elected annually, except twelve counsellors, who are elected for three years, one-third of whom vacate their seats an- nually. Officers for 1830.— President, Peter S. Du Pon- ceau ; Treasurer, John "S^'aug-han ; Pice-Presidents, Zaccheus Collins, Joseph Hopkinson, Nathaniel Chapman. The Academy of Natural Sciences Was formed in 1812, and incorporated in 1817. Without pretension or public encouragement, it has added largely to the stock of science, and gradually acquired a high and well-deserved reputation. The officers are, a president, two vice-presidents, a corresponding secretary, a recording secretary, a treasurer, a librarian, four curators, and three audi- tors. Each member pays an initiation fee often dol- lars, and a quarterly contribution of three dollars. The library contains about 5000 volumes, among which is the most valuable and extensive collection of works on natural history in the United States. A very large and valuable herbarium, and collections of shells, fossils, mineral and geological specimens, birds, quadrupeds, &c. compose the cabinet. A great number of the most valuable of the works in Literature^ Philosophy ^ 6^^c. 107 this collection, have been bestowed by its munifi- cent benefactor, William M'Clure. In 1817, the Academy commenced the periodical publication of some of the valuable papers read be- fore it. Under the unassuming title of " The Jour- nal of the Academy of Natural Sciences," three volumes have appeared, the contents of which are honourable to the scientific men of Philadelphia. A few years since, the Academy purchased and fitted up for the reception of its museum and libra- ry, the building- formerly occupied by the congre- gation of Swedenborgians, in Twelfth street, at the corner of George street, where their meetings are held on the Tuesday evening of each week. Stran- gers are admitted at all the meetings, excepting that for business, which is the last Tuesday of the month. The officers for 1830 are — President, William M'Clure ; Vice-Presidents, Zaccheus Collins, George Ord ; Recording Secretary, Thomas M'Cuen, M.D. ; Corresponding Secretary^ lieuben Haines ; Curators, J. P. Wetherill, Isaac Hays, M.D., Titian Peale, Thomas M'Cuen, M.D. The Philadelphia Museum. This institution was commenced in the year 1/84, with the donation of a paddle fish, from the Ohio river, by a gentleman late of this city ; from that time until his decease, the whole of the intellectual and pecuniary resources of Charles Wilson Peale 108 Philudelpliia in J 8 30 — 1. were devoted, with unceasing ardour, to the accom- phshment of the desig-n of conveying* instruction and amusement to his fellow citizens, and of advancing the interests of religion and morality, by the arrange- ment and display of the works of nature and art. The doors of the Museum have been ever closed against the profligate and the indecent ; it has been preserved, with scrupulous fidelity, as a place where the virtuous and refined of society could meet, to enjoy such pleasures as can be tasted by the virtuous and refined alone. In 1802, a grant of the use of the upper rooms of the State House, was made by the legislature to the Museum. MrPeale v/as ena- bled, by this proof of the enlightened liberality of government, to increase and extend his collection, as well as to arrange and classify its numerous ob- jects, in a manner worthy of their stations in the great scale of nature. The system of Linnsus has been adhered to in the arrangement of the mammalia and birds 5 the numbers of each are given in the latter part of this sketch : that of Cleaveland in mineralogy, the cabi- nets for the display of which contain about 1700 specimens, some of which are very beautiful. La- marck's system has been the guide in conchology, the cabinets of which contain more than 1000 speci- mens. The corals, &c. are arranged according to this system, and are also numerous. The Museum, besides the above departments, contains a large collection of fossil reliquiae of this Literature^ Philosophy^ y — minute in- jections — numerous wet preparations of healthy and diseased structure — a fine series of human embryos, from the fifth week to the sixth month — a series of preparations, showing" the progress of incubation and of germination — extra uterine conceptions — the uterine connection between the cow and her young — models in wax — large drawings, in oil colours, of surgical diseases 5 &c. &c. The Pennsylvania Hospi- tal some time since made a liberal donation to the Wistar Museum, of the anatomical preparations be- longing to that institution. Respectable strangers and others can be intro- duced to this collection, by application to any of the trustees or professors. The commencement for conferring medical de- grees is held ab out the 8th day of April. The num- ber of graduates is commonly about one hundred. The hall of the Medical School adjoins that of the Faculty of Arts, and is now in progress of building. The chairs in the departments of Natural Science, and Law are still vacant. 164 Philadelphia in \830—t. Jefferson Medical College. The Jefferson Medical College was instituted in Philadelphia in 1825; and, during its first session, was endowed by an act of the legislature of Penn- sylvania, with power to confer degrees in medicine, and with all the privileges and prerogatives of simi- lar institutions, in our own country and in Europe. Since its foundation, nearly 600 students have at- tended the respective courses of lectures ; and of this number, 145 from various sections of the United States, the Canadas, West Indies, and Europe, have been admitted to the degree of Doctor of Me- dicine. The hall, which is situated in Tenth street, be- tween Chestnut and Walnut streets, on an insulated site, is of brick, with marble basement and steps — four stories high, including the lower story, cover- ing an area of 51 by 57 feet, commanding light and air on every side. It is divided into two spacious class-rooms — two laboratories — an L-shaped gallery, measuring on the two angles 94 feet in length, and averaging 14 feet width, in which the cabinets of anatomy, materia medica, botany, mineralogy and chemistry are arranged — four private withdrawing- rooms for the professors — a room for an herbarium and other botanical preparations — an examination room, in which the faculty and trustees hold their meetings, besides dwelling apartments for the janitor in the basement — the whole reached by Institutions for Education. 155 large lobbies and double stair-ways. A three sto- ried building-, for the prosecution of practical anato- my, is attached to the hall in the rear, communi- cating" with the anatomical class-room, by a winding passage, so as to exclude all effluvia. A liberal be- nefice-foundation in the college bestows annually a gratuitous course of lectures on ten worthy young gentlemen of fit education and respectability. The additions which have been made to the ana- tomical cabinet, with the facilities afforded for dis- section and demonstration, are such as will bear comparison with those of the oldest medical school on this side the Atlantic. In all other respects, it is confidently believed, it is not surpassed by any of its sister institutions, with all of which, as far as is known, it is placed on a footing of perfect equality, — a course of Lectures in one being held equivalent to a course on the same branches in every other. The following is the organization of tiie Medical Faculty : Anatomy — By Samuel M'Clellan, M.D, Materia Medica and Obstetrics — By John Eberle, M.D. Chemistry— By Jacob Green, M.D. Theory and Practice of Medicine— By Daniel Drake, M.D. Surgery— By George M'Clellan, M.D. Institutes of Medicine, Medical Jurisprudence, and 1 56 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . the Diseases of Women and Children — By B. Rush lihees, M.D. Law Academy of Philadelphia^ Established in 1821, under the auspices of an in- corporated society, composed of judges and mem- bers of the bar, under the denomination of * The So- ciety for the Promotion of Legal knowledge and Forensic Eloquence.^ The Academy consists at present of about fifty students, besides honorary members, who are young barristers enrolled in the list of students, but whose attendance is voluntary. Forensic exercises are held once a week, under the direction of the provost and vice-provosts. As the academy increases, it is intended to erect chairs of the various branches of jurisprudence; and, when the institution shall have reached a sufficient degree of maturity, to annex it to the University of Penn- sylvania. The provost and two vice-provosts are annually elected. The Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the city of Philadelphia. This institution, originally established in 1784 by private contributions, was incorporated and en- dowed on the 29th of March 1787, by the name of ' The Trustees of the Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the city of Philadelphia.' Its funds were increased by tlie liberal bequest of An- drew Doz, Esq. formerly a trustee, and by an Institutions for Education. 1 57 appointment made in pursuance of the last will of the late Mr John Keble. By the fundamental laws established at a meeting of the contributors, on the 1st of January 1785, pro- vision was made for the education of youth gratis; and it is declared, that *'all gifts and bequests for this special purpose shall be kept a fund to be ap- plied to no other purpose whatever." The same laws provide for an instructor in divinity, towards a fund for which a beginning- is made. The trustees, sixteen in number, are elected for four years, being divided into classes of four each, and the term of one class expiring in every year. The Right Ilev. William White is the President. The Charity School is in Cedar Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, under the superinten- dence of the Rev. William Bryant. Friends' Schools. The first incorporation for promoting literature in Pennsylvania, was the charter, granted by William Penn in 1697, to *the overseers of the schools.* This body, consisting of fifteen persons, have under their care fourteen schools, distributed in different parts of Philadelphia. In the school-house on Fourth below Chestnut street, the Latin, Greek, and He- brew languages are taught, and also mathematics and natural philosophy. Lectures are delivered in this institution on botany, mineralogy, and other branches of science. It has an observatory, contain- O 1 58 Philadelphia in 1 830 — 1 . ing- a superior transit instrument, a larg-e reflecting- telescope, and an achromatic telescope. The philo- sophical apparatus is also extensive and valuable; the library contains some rare works, and the cabinet of minerals is very respectable. Lectures on Science and the Arts. It is believed that no city in the world of equal population affords as easy an acquisition of know- ledge in every branch of human science, as Philadel- phia. Its medical schools are deservedly in hig-h repute, and the characters of many of the lecturers too may challenge comparison with those of Edin- burgh or Paris. The number of private lecturers in various branches of science and the arts, may be estimated at about seventy. There are in Philadelphia many other academies and seminaries besides those enumerated, in which classical learning and the mathematical sciences are taught, but the limits of this work do not enable us to give any account of them. Jlie Public Schools. For the education of the children of those who are without the means of procuring private instruc- tion, ample provision is made, under certain acts of the legislature of this state, at the public expense. Under the system of free education established by law for the city and county of Philadelphia, every indigent child is entitled to the benefit of instruction Institutions for Education. 1 59 at a suitable school, and the most approved means are provided to induce all the objects of the benefit to avail themselves of their privilege. The extent of the appi-opriations provided to be made, is limited only by the amount requisite to carry the system into full and complete execution. The instruction of the indig-ent children throug-h- QUt the state of Pennsylvania, is a subject of consti- tutional provision. By Art. VII. Sect. 1, of the constitution, it is directed * that the legislature shall, as soon as conveniently may be, provide by law for the establishment of schools throughout the state, in such manner, that the poor may be taught gratis.' In pursuance of this constitutional direction, and in conformity with the wishes of the public, the legislature of this commonwealth have enacted nu- merous laws, providing for the free instruction of the indigent children throughout the state. Some of these laws specially concerned the city and coun- ty of Pliiladelphia. These acts were framed in a spirit of liberality ; but it was obvious, that the de- sired end of extending a just and available opportu- nity of suitable instruction to all the indigent, was not effected. Much attention was given to the sub- ject, and several changes', with a view to improve- ment, were introduced by new acts and supplements. At length the act of assembly establishing the system now in operation, was passed tlie 3d day of Marcli 1818, entitled 'an act to provide for the education 1 60 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . of children at the public expense, within the city and county of Philadelphia.' By the provisions of this act and its supplements, a new system of free in- struction has been established in the city of Philadel- phia, the Northern Liberties, Kensington, Penn Township, Southwark, and Moyamensing, and im- portant improvements have been made in the sys- tem in use in the other parts of the county. Accor- ding- to the laws now in force, the city and county of Philadelphia are erected into a district, denominated * The First School District of the State of Pennsylva- nia.* The district is divided into sections, of which The City of Philadelphia is the First Section, The Northern Liberties and Kensington are the Second Section. Southwark and Moyamensing are the Third Sec- tion . Penn Township is the Fourth Section. It is over these four sections that the new and pe- culiar system is established, at the present time. For the first section, thirty-six directors are ap- pointed by the select and common councils. For the second section, twelve directors are appointed by the commissioners of the incorporated part of the Northern Liberties, and twelve by the commissioners of Kensington. For the third section, six directors are appointed by the commissioners of Southwark, and six by the commissioners of Moyamensing. Institutions for Education. 1 u 1 For the fourth section, six directors are appointed by the commissioners of Spring" Garden. The appointment of the directors is made annually between the 1st and 20th day of January, in each year. They perform their duties without pecuniary compensation, but are exempted from serving' as ju- rors, arbitrators, overseers of the poor, or manag-ers of the Aims-House, and, except in time of war, from militia duty. Immediately after their appointment, the directors of the districts meet in their respective sections, and elect from among* themselves one suitable per- son for every six directors, to be members of a select body, called 'The Controllers of the Public Schools for the City and County of Philadelphia ;' and the directors of the city elect four members. The board of controllers consequently at this time consists of nine members. It is the duty of the controllers to determine the number of schools to be established in any section ; to provide the suitable forms of instruction to be used therein 5 to superintend the conduct and con- cerns of all the schools established u«der the provi- sions of tlie above act 5 to ascertain and limit the expense of instituting- and conducting" such schools ; to report annually to the county commissioners the amount of money which they may deem necessary to defray the expenses of the district for the current year, and to draw on the treasurer of the county for the same. They have power to establish a model O 2 1 62 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . school, to be under their immediate direction Their proceeding-s are to be annually published, and their accounts examined and settled by the auditors of the county. It is the duty of the several boards of directors within their respective sections, to establish as many schools as may be determined by the controllers, to appoint teachers, and to provide all things necessary for conducting- the schools so established, and to have the particular care and management of the same in their respective stations. They are to report every six months the state of the several schools to the board of controllers. The principles of Lancaster's system of education, in its most improved form, are required to be adopt- ed in all the schools established by the above law in the above sections. All indigent orphan children, and children of indigent parents of suitable age, — that is, boys between the ages of six and fourteen years, and girls between the ages of five and thirteen years, — if approved of by the controllers or directors, as the case may be, are admitted into the model school, or the schools of the respective sections in which such children reside. The branches of learn- ing taught in the schools are, reading, writing, arith- metic, and the geography of the United States ; and the girls, besides these, are instructed in sewing, knitting, &c. The board of controllers was organized on the 6th of April 1818, and proceeded to establish schools Institutions for Education. 163 for both sexes in the several sections. The follow- ing- schools have been established by them, and are now open. The Model School, in Chester street, running from Sassafras, between Eighth and Ninth streets. The Lombard street, in Lombard street, north side, above Sixth street. For coloured children. The Locust street, corner of Locust and Twelfth streets. The Kensington, in Marlborough street, Kensing- ton. The Southwark, in Catharine street, between Third and Fourth. The Northern Liberties, in Third street near Brown street. The Spring Garden, in Buttonwood street, near the Ridge Road. The Moyamensing, west of Sixth street, in Moya- mensing. The North Western, corner of Schuylkill Seventh and Race streets. The South Western, Spruce street near Ritten- house square. By certified returns from the respective sections, it appears that 4303 pupils attended the foregoing schools, of whom 2301 were boys, and 2002 were girls. The above sections include the city and the ad- joining districts, containing a large, dense, and compact population. The residue of the county, ! 6 4 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . CGmprlsIng" the country districts, is divided as fol- lows : — The townships of Oxford, Lower Dublin, Byberry, and Moreland are the fifth section. The townships of Germantov/n, Bristol, and liox- boroug-h are the sixth section. The townships of IJlockley and King-sessing are the seventh section. The township of I'assyunk is the eighth section. In the country parts of the district, 780 have been at school, wliich, with those taught in the city and the adjoining- corporations, give an aggregate of 5083 educated at the public expense since the last report. During twelve years 34,703 children have received the benefits of tuition under the wise and beneficent provisions of the existing act of the General Assem- bly. In these latter sections, a different system of pro- viding for the free education of the indigent prevails. Directors are chosen for the several sections by the court of quarter sessions for the county. The chil- dren are sent, under the direction of the directors, to suitable private schools. The funds for instruc- tion are to be provided by the controllers as for the former sections. The Lancasterian system is not required to be in any way used in these sections, nor are any public schools established. Provision, how- ever, is made by the above law for the erection of a section or sections, for the purpose of establishing Institutions for Education. 165 one or more schools, upon the same terms, and un- der the same regulations prescribed for the first four sections, whenever the state of any portion of the latter sections may require the same to be done. The power to erect such new section is given to the court of quarter sessions, to be exercised upon the petition of twenty respectable taxable citizens, resi- dent within the bounds of the proposed section. Citizens or strangers who may be inclined to visit the public schools, will be admitted on any day of the week between 9 and 12 A.M., or between 2 and 5 P.M. For more minute information respecting this interesting establishment, application may be made to Roberts Vaux, President of the Board of Controllers; or to the Secretary, T. M. Pettit. Sunday Schools. Next perhaps in importance and interest to the public schools, are those which have been establish- ed for the gratuitous instruction of adults and chil- dren on Sundays, and the inculcation of moral and religious truth among them. It has been ascertained that there are in the city and liberties 125 Sunday schools, at which 14,581 scholars are taught by 14r?9 teachers. The whole number of teachers and pu- pils throughout the United States is estimated at 520,000. The teachers are not professionally such, but persons who devote their time voluntarily to this laudable object. In 1816 an union was formed of several of the schools, under the name of the Sun- dav and Adult School Union. 1 6 6 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— I . The Sunday School Union. Few institutions are so admirably calculated to promote the cause of Christianity as that under con- sideration. Its influence is not confined to any par- ticular section or district, but extends to the remotest parts of our country. The history of Sunday schools in this country, as a system of relig-ious education, embraces a period of less than fifteen years ; and the number of pupils belong-ing- to the several schools connected with this institution, is estimated at 400, 000, the number of teachers 60,000, and the number of schools 6600, extending" throug-hout every state and territory. This institution circulate works which they think will do the most good, at the lowest prices. During the year 1829 — 30, they added to their catalogue of library books forty-six new works ; thirty-two of which are bound volumes of more than seventy-two pages each. Eighteen were expressly written for the societ}', for ten of which they paid about 700 dollars. The expenses of the society during the last year were $67,400, and the receipts exceeded the expenses. The affairs and funds of this society are under the direction of a board, consisting of a president, vice- presidents, a corresponding secretary, recording secretary, treasurer, and thirty-six managers, twenty four of whom shall reside in 'the city of Philadelphia or its vicinity. The officers for 1830 — 31, ar£ Alex- Institutions for Education. 167 ander Henry, President, and thirty-five vice-presi- dents, distributed throug-h the different states; Paul Beck, Jan. Treasurer,- Frederick W. Porter, Corres- ponding Secretary; Frederick A. Packard, Recording Secretary. The building", wherein the business of the society is transacted, stands in Chestnut street, above Sixth street. Philadelphia Society for the Estatjlishment and Sup- port of Charity Schools. This excellent institution had its foundation in the voluntary meeting's of a few young- men, in the year 1799, for the instruction of indig-ent boys in the eve- ning's. The public attention being- called to their meritorious labours, their funds increased so rapidly as to enable them to open a day school. In 1801 the society received an increase of funds, which se- cured their permanence, and enabled them to ex- tend the sphere of their activity. Christopher Lud- wick, a respectable citizen of German oi-igin, died in that year, leaving- the residue of his estate (after a provision for his wife) which was estimated at be- tween 10 and 12,000 dollars, to the first association of persons who should be incorporated for the pur- pose of gratuitously teaching the poor of all denomi- nations in Philadelphia. The members of the Phi- ladelphia Society, by great exertions, and a severe contest as to time with the trustees of the Univer- sity, obtained the first cliarter of incorporation, and 168 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . received from the executors of Mr Ludwick the amount of his bequest. Since the commencement of the establishment 8812 scholars have been admitted into the schools; viz. 4804 boys and 4008 g'irls. At the close of the year 1829, 230 boys and 185 g-irls were on the list of scholars. In the boys' school are taug-ht reading, writing and arithmetic, and a class of those most ad- vanced are instructed in the higher branches of English education. There are two schools for girls, in one of which is taught spelling, reading, writing and arithmetic, and in the other, needle work in its various branches, such as plain sewing, tayloring and mantua making, so as to qualify those instructed therein to become good wives and mothers, at a more advanced period in life. The capital stock and real estate of the institution is in amount about $36,000, and yields an income of 151900 per annum, and the use of the school house? besides which, an annual sum is paid by each mem- ber, which in the aggregate amounts to about $300. The salaries paid the teachers is $1400 per annum. The schools are kept in a house erected for the purpose in Walnut street, between Sixth and Se- venth streets. The building is 32 feet front, and 78 deep. Officers for 1830. Philip Garrett, President; Paul Beck, Vice President; George Peterson, Treasurer; Edwin Walter, Secretary. Institul ions for Education. 169 Adelphi School. An institution under this name is situated in Clierry street. It is designed exclusively for the instruction of coloured boys, of whom about 80 usually attend the school. It is supported by members of the so- ciety of Friends, and is under the direction of aboard of twelve managers. Free School for the Education of Negro Children. Under the direction of ' The Associates of the late Rev. Dr Bray,' in England. — Master of the boys* school in Locust street, Solomon Clarkson; Mistress of the girls' school in Chester street, Mrs Julia Campbell. This charity was originally founded by Dr Bray, who in 1696 was appointed by the bishop of London his commissary in Maryland, and was the projector and promoter of many very important schemes for the propagation of Christianity, and the improvement of the condition of the African race. A large bequest was made to Dr Bray and his associates, by Mr D'Alone, the private secretary of king William, * towards erecting a capital fund or stock for converting the negroes in the British plan- tations,' out of the interest of which a stipend was paid for several years to support a catechist to teach the negroes in Georgia. Unexpected and almost insuperable obstacles to the execution of Mr D'Alone's pious and benevolent P 170 Philadelphia in I Q30—i. plan induced the associates, in 1760, to turn their attention to the instruction of negro children, for which purpose schools were opened in different parts of America; and now, besides occasional assist- ance rendered in some of the West India islands, and to the settlement at Sierra Leone, they have on their regular establishment three schools in Nova Scotia, besides the one established here. The expenses of this school are defrayed with the rents reserved out of a lot of ground in this city, which was purchased in 1774, with the benefactions of the liev. Mr Upcher, of Sudbury, in Suffolk, the income of which vi'as appropriated by him ' to the education of negroes.' The Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion of Pub- lic Schools Was established in 1828, and has been instrumen- tal in diffusing- much information on this important subject throughout the state. The society has also furnished a number of teachers for schools on the plan of mutual instruction, and otherwise aided the cause of education in destitute parts of the common- wealth. President, Roberts Vaux; Vice-Presidents, John Sergeant and John Wurts; Corresponding Secretaries^ George M. Stroud and G. W. Toland. The institutions of which a brief account is here given, are the principal establishments for the sup- InstifMtions for Education. 171 port of charity schools. Numerous others, however, exist, more limited in their sphere of operations, but producing" in their combined result the happiest effect upon the character of the population. Among these may be mentioned the Aimwell School Society, estabhshed in 1796, for the free instruction of female children, by members of the society of Friends; the Philadelphia Union Society, instituted in 1804, for similar purposes, by ladies, members of the Presby- terian Church; the free schools of the United Epis- copal Churches, and of the German Lutherans and Calvinlsts. There is also a free school annexed to the University of Pennsylvania. ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNxMENT IN PHILADELPHIA. Post Office. The Philadelphia Post Office is situated in Chest- nut street, No. 107, between Third and Fourth streets, and is opened daily from sunrise until eig"ht o'clock P. M. except on Sundays, on which day it is opened from half past eig-ht until half past nine in the morning", and from half past one until half past two in the afternoon. Great punctuality is observed in closing" the respective mails at the minute, and stran- g-ers wishing" to transmit letters by mail are advised to be a little before the time, as it is impossible to send a letter by that day's mail, even should it come but a moment after it is closed. Tliis rule has been 1 7 '2 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. establisTaed and acted upon for many years, and is never deviated from, except where letters containing information of sickness or death are requested to be forwarded, in which cases, the postmaster, being convinced of the contents, will forward such letter, if it be deposited any time before the mail leaves the office. There are eight carriers, who have four assistants, all engaged in delivering letters from the post office. Their compensation is limited by law to two cents for the delivery of each letter. They go out three times a day, viz. after the arrival of the eastern, southern, and western mails, and carry letters to all the populous parts of the city. A stranger as well as citizen would find it the most prompt way of having a letter delivered. Almost every person within the w'alk of the carrier is known to him. There are ten clerks engaged in the post office, whose duties are very arduous, as they are obliged to be at their post from two o'clock in the morning until sunset. A list of letters remaining in the post office is published twice a month, in the American Sentinel, and a copy is exhibited at the door of the post office. It is absolutely requisite that the person applying" for an advertised letter should mention that it is advertised; for the letters, after they are thus pub- lished, are removed to a separate case, which is not looked over, unless such notice is given by the ap- plicant. Post Ojfice. 173 The following- is the establishment of mails for the year 18.30. Eastern Mail. Mails for New York city arrive daily at 6 A. M, and close daily at half past 2 P. M. For New York city, arrive daily, except Sunday, at 5 P. M. and close daily, except Sunday, at 5 A. M. For New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, A^'ermont and Maine States, arrive daily, at 6 A. M., and close daily at half past 2 P. M. For Andalusia, Bristol, Tullytown and Morrisville, Pa; Bordentown, Burling-ton, Trenton, Princeton, New Brunswick, Woodbridg-e, Railway, Elizabeth- town, Newark, Jersey City, Amboy and Morristown, New Jersey, arrive daily, except Monday, at 6 A. M. and close daily, except Sunday, at half past 2 P. M. For Newton, Attleboro', New Hope, Lumberville, and Erwinna, Pa, via Bristol, Pa, arrive Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 6 A. M., and close on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at half past 2 P. M, For New Eg-ypt, Pittstown, Vansycles, New Hampton and Hunterdon and Monmouth Counties, N. J., arrive on Wednesday, at 6 A. M. and close on Saturday, at half past 2 P. M. Via Easton, Pa, for Sussex and Warren counties, and Schooley's Mountain, Morris county, N. J., ar- rive on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 6 P. M. P 2 • 174 Philadelphia in 1830—1. and close on Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday, at 3 A. M. All other places in East New Jersey, arrive on Wednesday, at 6 A. M. and close on Monday, at half past 2 P. M. For Kensing-ton, Frankford, Holmesburg, Bustle- ton and Byberry, arrive daily, except Sunday, at 11 A. M., and close daily, except Sunday, at 3 P. M. Southern Mail. Mails for Delaware state, per steam boat, via St Georg-e's, and offices on the Eastern Shore, Md, from Summit Bridge, Del. to Easton, Md, arrive on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 8 P. M., and close on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 3 A. M. For Wilmington and New Castle, Del. the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia, arrive daily at 1 P. M., and close daily at 7 A. M. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, Georgia, Mississippi and Louisiana States, and Arkansas and Florida Territories, arrive daily, from 8 to 11 A. M. by steamboats according to the tide and weather, and close daily, at half past 11 A. M. Nashville, Ten. and the Western part of Tennes- see State, Ohio State, South Kentucky, Indiana, Illi- nois and Missouri States, and Washington, Browns- ville, Union Town, Pa, and Wheeling, Virginia, arrive daily, from 8 to 11 A. M. by steamboats ac- Post Office. 176 cording to the tide and weather, and close daily at half past 11 A. M. For the Eastern part of Tennessee State, arrive on Sunday, Tuesday and Friday, from 8 to 1 A. M., and close on Sunday, Tuesday and Friday, at half past 11 A. M. When the steam boats stop running", the Southern mail will arrive at 1 P. M. and close at 7 A. M. Western Mail. Mails for Pittsburg, Pa, and intermediate offices, and via Pittsburg, for Ohio State, West, and Michi- gan Territory, arrive daily, at 1 P. M., and close daily, at 5 A. M. ViaHarrisburg, Pa, for Sunbury, Northumberland, Aaronsburg, Bellefonte, Danville, Dunnsburg, Jer- sey Shore, Lewisburg, Mifflinsburg, Milton, Muncey, Wellsborough and Williamsport, arrive daily, except Sunday, at 1 P. M., and close daily, except Saturday, at 5 A. M. Via Harrisburg, Pa, for Perry, Cambria and In- diana counties, arrive on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 1 P. M., and close on Monday, Wednes- day and Friday, at 5 A. M. A^ia Harrisburg, Pa, for Clarke's Ferry, Hunting- don, Halifax, Levvistown, Millerstown, Mifflintown and Thompsontown, arrive daily at 1 P. M. and close daily at 5 A. M. For Columbia and York, arrive daily at 1 P. M., and close daily at 5 A. M. 176 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Via Columbia, for York and Adams counties, arrive on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 1 P. M., and close on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 5 A. M. Mails for Avondale, Pennsylvania, Brick Meeting" House, Md, IJelle Air, Md, Concord M. H. Pa, Cheyney Shop, Pa, Hamer's Store, Pa, Ivy Mills, Pa, Kennet Square, Pa, New London X lloads. Pa, Nether Providence, Pa, Port Deposit, Md, Strickers- ville, Pa, and West Grove, Pa, arrive on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 6 P, M., and close on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 5 A. M, Edg-mont, Russellville, Cling-an and Mount Vernon arrive on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 6 P. M. and close on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 6 A. M. West Chester via Downing-town, arrive daily, ex- cept Sunday, at 1 P. M., and close daily, except Sunday, at 5 A. M. Kimberton, Valley Works, Chester Springs, Mor- gantown. New Holland and Leacock, arrive on Mon- day, Wednesday and Friday, at 5 P. M. , and close on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 2 A. M. Mails for Reading, and intermediate offices, and Berks, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties, arrive daily, at 6 P. M., and close daily, at 2 A. M. Via Harrisburg, for Potter and M'Kean counties, arrive on Monday, at 6 P. M., and close on Monday, at 5 A. M. Mails for Easton, Pa, and intermediate offices. Post Opce. 177 arrive daily, except Saturday, at 6 P. M., and close daily, except Saturday, at 2 A. M. Via Easton, Pa, for Pike and Wayne counties, arrive on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 6 P. M., and closes on Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday, at 2 A. M. Mails for Bethlehem, and intermediate offices, arrive daily, except Saturday, at 6 P. M., and close daily, except Sunday, at 2 A. M. Via Bethleliem, for Nazareth, Wilkesbarre, Lu- zerne, Susquehanna and Bradford counties, arrive on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 9 P.M.; and close on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 2 A. M. Mails for Skippack, Sumnytown, Sellersville, Trextertown and Kutztown arrive on Saturday at 2 P. M., and close on Wednesday at half past 1 P. M. Mails for Rising- Sun, Germantown and Chestnut Hill, arrive daily, except Sunday, at 8 A. M., and close daily, except Sunday, at 4 P. M. Mails for Penn Township, Manayunk, Roxboroug-h and Norristown, arrive daily, except Sunday, at 11 A. M., and close daily, except Sunday, at half past 1 P. M. Mails for Mount Holly and Moore's Town, N. J. arrive daily, at lialf past 12 P. M., and close daily, except Sunday at half past 12 A. M. Mails for Pemberton (or New Mills), Vincentown, Medford and Evesham, N. J. arrive on Monday and 1 78 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . Friday, at 4 P. M. and close on Tuesday and Satur- day, at 10 A. M. Mails for Bridgetown, W. N. J. and intermediate offices, arrive daily, except Sunday, at 3 P. M., and close daily, except Sunday, at 3 A. M. Via Bridg-etown, for Cedarville, Fairton and Di- viding- Creek, arrive on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 3 P. M. , and close on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 3 A. M. Via Bridg-etown, for Port Elizabeth, Dennis's Creek, Cape May C. H. and Cape Island, arrive on Monday and Friday, at 3 P. M., and close on Tues- day and Friday, at 3 A. M. Mails for Roadstown, Alloway's Town and Green- wich, N. J., arrive on Tuesday and Friday, at3 P. M. and close on Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 A. M. Mails for Sweedsborough, Sharpstown, Woods- town and Salem, N. J., arrive daily, except Sunday, at 3 P. M. and close daily, except Sunday, at 3 A. M. Mails for Hamington Glass Works, Pleasant's Mills, Gloucester Furnace, Gravelly Landing and Leed's Point, N. J., arrive on Tuesday and Friday, at 3 P. M. and close on Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 A. M. Mails for Atsion and Tuckerton arrive on Tues- day and Friday at 3 P. M., and close on Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 A. M. Mails for Haddonfield, Absecom, May's Landing and Somer's Point, N. J., an-ive on Tuesday, at 3 P. M., and close on Thursday, at 3 A. M. Post Office. 179 Mails for Chew's Landing-, Campbell's Tavern, Cross Keys, Stephen's Creek and Tuckahoe, N. J. arrive on Tuesday and Thursday, at 3 P. M. and close on Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 A. M. Mails for Malag-a, Glassboroug-h, Mauricetown and Milville, arrive on Tuesday and Friday, at 6 A. M., and close on Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 A. M. Swiftsure Mail, via Branchtov/n, Hatboroug-li, Hartville, Jenkintown and New Hope, Pa; Lamberts- ville, Ring-oe's, Bound Brook, Somerville and Scotch Plains, N. J. arrive on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 9 P. M. and close on Monday, Wednes- day and Friday, at 5 A. M. Letters must be left at the post office within the time specified, to insure going in the mail of the day; and newspapers half an hour before that time. As there are several places of the same name in the United States, it is necessary that the directions should be particular; the states should be distin- guished, and when it might be doubtful, the coun- ties. When letters are not for a post town, the nearest post town ought to be mentioned. The office is opened daily, from sun rise to 8 P. M. except Sundays, the 4th of July and Christmas day, when it is open from half past 8 to half past 9 A. M. and from half past 1 to half past 2 P. M. Persons wishing to pay postage when the office is shut, can enclose the money with the letter, directed to 'The Post Office.' Those who keep accounts 1 80 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . with the carriers or oifice, will please to enclose the letter directed in the same manner, with a request that the postage be charged to their account. The Navy Yard. The United States Navy Yard is situated at the southern end of Swanson street, and contains an area of about twelve acres. It was purchased in the year 1801, for the sum of 37,500 dollars: it is at pre- sent assessed at 70,000 dollars. By an act of assem- bly, passed in 1818, no street is to be run through it, so long as it is used as a navy yard. The area is en- closed on three sides with a high and substantial brick wall, the fourth side fronting on the Delaware. The yard contains a mould-loft, for modelling ships of war — a blacksmith's shop, in which all the iron work is made for the public ships built on this sta- tion — an hospital — marine barracks, spacious enough to contain 150 men, with quarters for the officers, together with a handsome house for the quarters of the commanding officer of the marines. The shears, for fixing masts, is 120 feet high, and is said to be the most complete in the United States. There are at this yard a large three-decker, over which is a frame building, 270 feet in length by 103 in height above high-water mark, and 84 feet in width at the eaves; and a forty-four gun ship, over which also there is a large frame building, 210 feet in length by 80 feet in height, and 74 feet broad Both ships are built under the direction and con The Navy Yard. 181 struction of S. Humphreys, Esq., naval constructor. The marines on this station are commanded by Co- lonel Miller. The Mint. The Mint of the United States was established in the year 1791, and by several successive acts of con- gress has been continued at Philadelphia. The present establishment of the mint is in north Seventh street, between Market and Arch streets. The coinage effected at the mint within the year 1829, amounted to $2,306,875 50 cents, comprising- $295,717 50 cents in g-old, and $1,994,578 in silver, viz. Half eag-les 57,442, §287,210 00 Quarter eagles 3,403, 8507 50 Half dollars 3,712,156, 1,856,078 00 Dismes 770,000, 77,000 00 Half dismes 1,230,000, 61,500 00 Cents 1,414,500, 14,145 00 Half cents 487,000, 2,435 00 Pieces 7,674,501, $2,306,875 50 The present officers of the mint are, Samuel Moore, Director; James Rush, Treasurer,- Adam Eck- feldt. Chief Coiner,- Joseph Richardson, dssayer,- Jo- seph Cloud, Melter and Refiner; William Kneas, En- graver, and George S. Benezet, Clerk. In 1829 a new building for the mint was com- Q ] 8 2 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . menced in Chestnut street, near Broad street. It presents a front of 122 feet, divided into a portico 62 feet long-, and two wing's each of 30 feet. The building is of the Ionic order, taken from the cele- brated Grecian temple on the river Ilissus, near Athens. The portico, when finished, will contain six columns, three feet in diameter, and 25 feet in heig-ht. The material of the building is brick, faced with thick marble ashlar. It will be ready to receive the machinery of the mint in 1830. Mr Strickland is the architect. Arsenals. The United States have two arsenals or depots for military supplies and munitions, in the neighbour- hood of Philadelphia? one on the Schuylkill, and another near Frankford. Schuylkill Arsenal. The Schuylkill arsenal is on the east bank of that river, below South street, and near the road leading to Gray's ferry. The buildings were erected about the year 1800. The principal edifices are four large store-houses of brick, three stories high, forming a hollow square. There is also a brick house for the residence of the commanding officer, and several out buildings, among which is the powder magazine. This arsenal is the depot of clothing, camp equip- age, and quartermaster's stores, from which the army of the United States receives its supplies. It Arsenals. 1 83 is under the charg-e of Peter Faysoux, military store- keeper, and subject to the general superintendence of Callender Irvine, Esq., commissary general of purchases. Arsenal near Franhford. This establishment is beautifully situated on Frankford creek, within a quarter of a mile of the Delaware. It was commenced during" the late war, and has been gradually increased till the present time. It now consists of six large stone buildings, forming a square, besides work shops and magazines. It is one of the principal depots for small arms, nitre, flints, &c. &c. It contains at the present time forty one thousand stands of small arms, five hundred thousand pounds of refined nitre, and about two millions of flints, be- sides a general supply of the munitions of war. The powder magazine is one of the most commodious in the United States, and is capable of containing more than half a million of pounds of powder. It is com- manded by Captain Mellon, and has recently been rough cast, in imitation of free-stone; and may be said to be one of the handsomest military stations in the United States. Loan Office. The business of the loan office, the payment of the annual interest on the public debt, the transfer of certificates thereof, the payment of pensions. Sic. is now performed by the Bank of the United States. 1 84 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . The office for the transaction of these aftVirs is the first room on the left hand of the principal en- trance into the bank. The Marine Asylum. This immense structure is rapidly approaching' its completion. It is 386 feet long-, consisting of an Ionic portico of 90 feet, supported by eight Ionic columns, and two wings, each 148 feet. Surround- ing the building, except on the portico and sides, are two covered verandahs, supported by cast iron columns. The chapel is 50 feet square and 46 in height, to the lantern. The asylum stands on the eastern bank of tlie Schuylkill, in the neighbour- hood of the arsenal. Mr Strickland is the architect. MISCELLANEOUS ESTABLISHMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS. Provision for Watching and Lighting the City. The present arrangement of the watch in Phila- delphia is a very efficient one, as the infrequency of fires, robberies, and disturbances of the peace suffi- ciently proves. The whole number of the city watch, including the captain and lieutenant, is 106. They are divi- ded into classes as follows: 16 silent, or captain and lieutenant's watch — 50 north and south watch, or lamplighters — 31 east and west watch — 4 market Watching and Lighting the City. 185 watch — 2 turnkeys, and 3 watchmen at the City Hall and Independence Square, and at the Drawbridge, whose duty it is to watch the city property. The city is divided into two districts, eastern and wes- tern. The eastern district extends from the Dela- ware to Eig-hth street, and from the southern to the northern boundary of the city, which is under the particular charge of the captain of the watch, whose quarters are at the old Court House, at the corner of Market and Second streets. He has under his command 8 silent watch, 21 north and south watch or lamplighters, 8 east and west watch, 1 turnkey, and the market watch. The western district in- cludes that part of the city between Eighth street and the Schuylkill, from the southern to the nor- thern boundary of the city, and is under the special care of the lieutenant of the watch, whose quarters are at the western watch house, in Broad street, cor- ner of Filbert. He has under his command 8 silent watch, 26 north and south watch, 17 east and west watch, and 1 turnkey. The whole are governed by a system of regulations strictly enforced. It is the duty of the north and south watchmen to light and keep in order all the lamps. These arc lighted previous to setting the watch, except on moonlight nights, for which they receive 25 cents per month for each lamp, in addition to their month- ly wages of $18. The east and west watch receive $20 per month. On the 31st of December 1829, there were 2016 lamps within the charter bounds of Q2 1 86 Philadelphia in 1 83U— 1 . the city. When the watch is set at 10 o'clock, (un- less otherwise specially directed,) each watchman goes in a direct line for four squares, and turns no corners except into alleys, &c. that lead from the street allotted to him. The four squares form the watchman's district, through which he must pass once in each hour? thus, an east and west watch- man sets out from the wharf on Arch street, and passes up Arch street, on the north side, to Fourth street, and returns on the south side to the wharf, visiting each alley as he goes and returns. Others go westward from Fourth to Eighth streets, and from Eighth to Twelfth streets, &c. 5 others pass along Water, Front, Second, Third, Fourth streets, &c., from Vine street to Market street, and return; so that while the east and west watchmen are tra- velling east and west, the north and south watch- men are crossing them at the intersection of every street. The wages of the watchmen for 1829 were §28,704 96 cents. The whole expense of lighting and watching, including wages, oil, lamps, carpen- ter's and tinman's work, &c. was $49,586 73 cents. The expenditure varies annually, according to the price of oil, &c. Finances of the Citi/, Salaries of Officers, Sfc. For the construction of the water works and the common sewers, the purchase of iron pipes, and other objects of pubhc benefit, the city has con- Finances of the City. 187 tracted a debt, which, on the 1st of July 1830, amounted to $1,974,000, of which $540,100 bore an interest of six per cent., and $1,433,900 paid five per cent. The annual interest on the funded debt, and the other expenses of the corporation, are provided for by annual taxes, by the income of the corporate es- tate, by water rents, &c. A sinking fund has been created for the purpose of redeeming* the debt, which amounted on the 1st of July 1830 to $395,766 88 cents, and, in consequence of its pru- dent management, Avill, in no long time, extinguish the whole debt. The expenses of the city government for 1829 were as follows: Salaries of officers, - - - $15,717 16 Lighting and watching, - - - 49,586 7o Cleansing the city, - - - 18,836 02 Cleansing docks, .... 6,520 18 Pumps and wells, - - - 3,060 26 Fuel and other expenses in offices, 1,238 38 Services in the markets, - - 542 25 For new paving, .... 83,232 03 Unpaved streets, - . . . ' 7,306 12 Regulating ascents and descents, - 1,050 12 Incidental expenses of councils, - 109 67 Repaving over water pipes, - - 8,547 62 City property, .... 13,085 44 Purchase of paving stone, - - - 2,000 93 Hose Companies, - - - 5000 00 1 8 8 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Repairing- foot ways, ... 84 OS Expenses authorised by councils, - 12,363 59 Interest on city funded debt, - 102,451 16 At disposal of mayor, - - - 170 28 $330,902 02 Water Works. Of the numerous public establishments by which Philadelphia is adorned or benefited, there is no one of which her citizens have better reason to be proud than the magnificent works by which the city is supplied, even in its most remote quarters, with pure and wholesome water, sufficient to satisfy any demand. It is believed that no city on the globe, of equal population, has undertaken and completed an operation so arduous and expensive as the introduc- tion of the Schuylkill water: certainly, nothing that has been done by any city on this side of the Atlan- tic will bear a comparison with it. Of how much advantage the perpetual supply of pure streams of water is to the health, comfort, and safety of such a city as this, it is not necessary to say here. Ac- customed to its use, the inhabitants of Philadelphia are not perhaps sensible of the immense benefits they derive from it; but the deprivation of it for a single day would convince them of the great advan- tages they possess in this respect over the other cities of the union. It has been remarked, !hat since the introduction of the Schu3'lkill water, the Vfater Wo?'hs. 189 yellow fever has not appeared in the city, although it has ravag-ed the southern suburbs AVhether this be owing- to the increased cleanliness of the city, produced by the g-reater flow of water, or not, it may be considered certain that the g-eneral health, as well as the general convenience has been promoted by it. Besides the augmentation of comfort, the great ex- emption of Philadelphia from destructive fires of late years may be attributed to the abundant supply of water, the head of which is so great, that it rises to the height of the highest houses. Of the origin and progress of these valuable works, a short account will be given here. The sagacious mind of Dr Franklin was one of the first to perceive the growing necessity of a more copious supply of water than the city could obtain from pumps. By his will, he bequeathed to the city a portion of the accumulation of the famous legacy, which has been noticed in another place, to be ap- plied to the introduction of water from the Wissa- hiccon creek. In 1797, the pubhc becoming sen- sible of the insufiiciency and deterioration of the pump w.iter, petitions were addressed to the city councils, in consequence of which various schemes were proposed. After some deliberation, they de- cided in favour of a plan proposed by the late Mr Latrobe, which was to form a reservoir on the east bank of the Schuylkill, from which water was to be thrown by a steam engine into a tunnel, and thence carried to another engine house at the Centre square, 1 90 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . where it was to be again raised by a second steam en- gine into a reservoir, from which it was to be distri- buted in pipes through the city. The work was imme- diately commenced, though under great discourage- ments. The Schuylkill and Delaware Canal Com- pany, whose charter granted them the liberty of watering the city, used all their exertions and influ- ence to defeat the measure'^ the attempts made by the corporation to borrow money for the purpose failed in a great measure; and above all, the city was desolated and disheartened by the visitation of the yellow fever. The confidence of the city govern- ment, however, was not shaken; and they perse- vered in the operation, though labouring under dif- ficulties from the want of knowledge of hydraulics, until the 21st of January 1801, when water from the Schuylkill was first thrown into the city. An experience of ten years satisfied the corpora- tion, that a sufficient and constant supply of water could not be obtained by this method: the steam engines were liable to frequent failures from acci- dent, and the derangement of one stopped the whole supply of the city. Accordingly, in October 1811, the councils appointed a committee to consi- der and ascertain whether a more certain and econo- mical mode of supply could not be adopted. The committee first turned their attention to the project of introducing the water of the Wissahiccon creek ; but the magnitude of the cost (estimated at $359,718) and other considerations induced them to abandon Waterworks, 191 it. The only feasible plan that appeared to remain, was to increase the power, by augmenting- the num- ber of the steam engines. Accordingly, a new reservoir was created, 105 feet above tide water ; and two large engines were constructed, which worked alternately, so that one was always ready in case of accident to the other. It was soon found, however, that a supply of water adequate to the demand could not be obtained, although the annual expenses were enormous ; and it was evident that some other power besides steam must be used for the purpose. In the fall of 1818, the watering committee were induced to inquire whether a sufficient water power could not be obtained on reasonable terms, by the erection of a dam and other works at Fair Mount, on the Schuylkill, at the western extremity of Cal- lowhill street. It was ascertained that the right of erecting the dam could be obtained from the Schuyl- kill Navigation Company, by an agreement to erect locks and a canal on the west side of the river, op - posite Fair Mount, at the expense of the city 5 and that the right of the proprietors of the water power at the falls of Schuylkill, four miles distant, could be purchased for 150,000 dollars. A report favourable to the measure was made to the councils, who una- nimously adopted it, and at once, with a liberality and manliness highly honourable to them, voted 350,000 dollars for the commencement of the under- taking, A full account of this great work is given 1 9 2 Philadelphia in 1 830— I . in a report made by the watering committee to the councils, on the 9th of January 1823, from which the following extracts are made: — * On the 19th of April 1819, the work was com- menced by Ariel Coolcy, with whom a contract was made for the erection of the dam, the locks and canal, the head arches to the race, and the excavation of the race from a solid rock, for the sum of 150,000 dollars. This work is a monument to his memory ; and he had nearly completed it, when he was taken off" by a disease supposed to have been contracted by his exposure to the sun and night air, at the clos- ing part of his work. His talents, his integrity, and his general worth, will long be held in grateful re- membrance by the citizens of Philadelphia. * It will be proper, in this stage of the report, to state the nature of the work that was to be accom- plished, and to expose certain of its difficulties. The river is about nine hundred feet in width ; one- fourth of which, at the bottom, on the eastern side, is supposed to be rock, covered with about eleven feet of mud ; the remainder is of rock. The great- est depth is thirty feet at high water 5 and it gradu- ally shoals to the western shore, where the rock is left bare at low tide. The river, whose average rise and fall is six feet, is subject to sudden and violent freshets. ' Mr Cooley determined, where rock was to be found, to sink cribs, formed of logs, about fifty feet up and down stream, by seventeen or eighteen feet Water Works. 195 wide, which were sunk and filled with stone, and securely fastened to each other above low water, having- the up-stream side planked from the bottom to the top, and the space immediately above filled to some extent with earth, small stones, and other matter, to prevent leakage. In that part where mud was found, the dam is made of quarry spalls and earth, and raised about fifteen feet higher than the other part of the dam, which is an over-fall for the water ? the base of this mound is at least one hundred and fifty feet, and its width on the top twelve feet 5 and the whole of the top, and of the up-stream side from the water edge, is paved to the depth of three feet with building stone, to prevent washing by water, and injury from ice. Between the mound dam and the over-fall, there is sunk, on the rock, in tv/enty-eight feet water, a stone pier twenty-eight feet by twenty-three feet, which sup- ports the end of the mound, and protects it from in- jury by ice or water. The contraction of the river by the mound dam suggested to Mr Cooley the idea of forming the dam in a diagonal line running up stream, and when nearly over to run the rest of the distance at a right angle toward the shore, so as to join the head pier of the guard-lock on the western side, by which means a large over-fall was created, and the rise above the dam, in cases of freshet, con- siderably abated. The whole length of the overfall is 1204 feet ; the mound dam, 270 feet ; the head arches, which will presently be mentioned, 104 feet; R 194 Philadelphia in \ 830— I. making the whole extent of the dam, including the western pier, about 1600 feet, and backing the water up the river about six miles. The water power thus created is calculated to be equal to raise into the reservoir, by eight wheels and pumps, up- wards of ten millions of gallons ; the lowest estimate of the quantity of water afforded by the river in the dry season is four hundred and forty millions of gal- lons per twenty-four hours, and as it is calculated, allowing for leakage, waste, &c. that forty gallons upon the wheel will raise one into the reservoir, the quantity raised would be eleven millions of gallons per day. ' On the west side of the river there are erected a head pier and guard-locks, whence there is a cansd extending 569 feet to two chamber-locks, of six feet lift each, by which the boats ascend or descend ; and below these locks there is a canal into the river, 420 feet long. The locks are built of dressed stone ; the upper canal is walled on the east side, and on the west it is rock ; the lower canal is formed of the stiff mud of the river, and covered with stone. The whole of the outer front of the locks and canal is protected by a wall on the upper part, and on the lower with stone thrown on the bank to prevent washing. * On the east side of the river, the whole of the bank was a solid rock, which it was necessary to ex- cavate to the width of 140 feet to form a race, and a site for the mill-houses, running parallel with the Water Works. 195 river. The leng-th of the mill-race is 419 feet ; the greatest depth of the excavation sixty feet, and the least sixteen feet ; the g-unpowder used, alone, cost the contractor upwards of 12,000 dollars. At the upper part of this excavation are erected the head arches, three in number, which extend from the east end of the mound dam to the rock of the bank; thus forming- a continuation of the dam. * On the west of the excavation are erected the mill-houses, forming- the west side of the race, which is supported on the other side by the rock rising above it seventy or eighty feet perpendicularly. The south end or wall of the race is also of solid rock, and the mill-houses are founded on rock, so that nothing can be contrived more secure in all respects. ' The race is about 90 feet in width, and is fur- nished with water through the head arches, which allow a passage of water of 68 feet in breadth and 6 feet in dei)th, to which the race is excavated be- low the overfall of the dam, and of course room is allowed for a continual passage of 408 square feet of water. These arches are on the north of the race, and the mill-buildings being on the west^ the water passes from the race to the wheels, which discharge the water into the river below the dam. The gate of the centre arch is upon the principle of the lock- gate, and admits the passage of boats, &c. into the race ; at the south end of the mill-buildings there is a waste-gate, eight feet wide, by which (the upper 1 96 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . gates being- shut) the water can be drawn off to the bottom of the race. *The mill-building's are of stone, 238 feet long", and 56 feet wide. The lower section is divided into twelve apartments, four of which are intended for eight double forcing pumps. The other apartments are for the forebays leading to the water wheels. The pump and forebay chambers are arched with brick, and are perfectly secure from the inclemency of the winter. Those now in use are kept warm by means of two large iron stoves, heated to great ad- vantage and economy with Schuylkill and Lehigh coal. A gallery will be erected, extending the whole length of the building, from which all the wheels may be seen at one view. The centre part of the buildings is 190 feet by 25 feet, with circular doors to the pump-chambers, and a range of circular windows over the archways of the wheel-rooms. On a line with the cornice of the central part is the base course of two pavilions, with Doric porticoes, which terminate the west front. One of these is used for the office of the committee ; and the other is the residence of an old and faithful servant of the corpo- ration, who has the general care of the property at Fair Mount. On the east front, immediately over the pumps and forebay rooms, is a terrace, 253 feet long, and 26 feet wide, paved with brick, and railed, forming a handsome walk along the race, and leading by steps at the end to the top of the head arches, mound dam, and pier.' Water Works. 197 It was not the intention of the committee to erect more than three wheels and pumps for the present, which were completed in December 1822. Since that time a fourth wheel and pump have been placed. The fii'st wheel is fifteen feet in diameter and fifteen feet long, working under one foot head and seven feet fall : this wheel raises one and a quarter million of gallonsof water to the reservoir in twenty -four hours, with a stroke of the pump of four and a half feet, a diameter of sixteen inches, and the wheel making eleven and a half revolutions in a minute. The se- cond wheel is of the same length as the first, and sixteen feet in diameter: it works under one foot head and seven and a half feet fall, making thirteen revolutions in a minute, with a four and a hidf feet stroke of the pump, and raising one and one-third million of gallons in twenty-four hours. The third wheel is of the same size as the second, and works under the same head and fall, making thirteen revo- lutions in a minute, with a five feet stroke of the pump, and raising one and a half million of gallons in twenty -four hours. The fourth wheel is of cast iron, and weighs about twenty -two tons. The pump is sixteen inches in diameter with a six feet stroke, it raises into the reservoir in twenty-four hours up- wards of 1,400,000 gallons. The whole quantity thus raised is nearly five and a half millions of gal- lons in twenty-four hours. The three first wheels are formed of wood ; the shafts of iron weighing about five tons each. U2 198 Philadelphia in 1830—1. The pumps are the work of those ingenious engi- neers, Messrs Rush and Muhlenburg-. They were made and put up under the direction of Mr F. Graff, according- to desig-ns made by him and approved of by the watering" committee. *The pumps are placed horizontally, and are worked by a crank on the water-wheel, attached to a pitman connected with the piston at the end of the slides. They are fed under a natural head of water, from the forebays of the water wheel, and are calculated for a six feet stroke: but hitherto it has been found more profitable to work with not more than five feet. They are double forcing- pumps, and are connected, each of them, to an iron main of sixteen inches diameter, which is carried along- the bottom of the race to the rock at the foot of Fair Mount, and thence up the bank into the new reservoir. At the end of the pipe there is a stop- cock, which is closed when needful for any purpose. The shortest of these mains is 284 feet long-: the other two are somewhat long-er. The reservoir next the bank is 139 by 316 feet, is twelve feet deep, and contains three millions of gallons. It is connected at the bottom with the old reservoir, by two pipes of 20 inches diameter, with stop-cocks. This reser- voir contains four millions of gallons. The water being raised into the reservoirs, 102 feet above low tide, and 56 feet above the highest ground in the city, is thence conveyed to the city.' In a subsequent report made to the councils Water Works. 199 on the 8th of January 1824, the committee state some gratifying" facts as to the quantity of water which experience has shown the wheels capable of raising": — * The experience of another year has furnished results that will probably be interesting" to councils ; and the committee therefore trespass a little in de- tailing the beneficial effects produced by the new water works at Fair Mount, which have exceeded the warmest anticipations of their most sanguine friends. The calculations formed were of the most cautious kind, for there was little experience to guide in the construction of water works calcu- lated to raise water, and hence it was stated that forty gallons upon the wheel would be required to raise one to the reservoir ; but experience has shown that thirty are more than ample, thus at once in- creasing the calculation of the water power of the river one-third. The quantity raised was also un- derrated at one million of gallons in twenty-four hours, for each wheel and pump : it may now be safely stated at 1,250,000, supposing the wheel to work during the whole time ; but this is not always the case, as the tide occasionally makes it prudent to stop them, to prevent straining the works. * An experiment was made in July last for eigh- teen days, during which time four fire-plugs were constantly in use during the day time in washing the gutters, when two wheels and pumps were found adequate to supply the demand, and working only 200 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . fourteen hours in twenty -four ; and the consumption of water was 1,616,160 gallons in the same period of twenty-four hours. In October last, the three wheels were found sufficient to supply the city in eig-ht hours, equal to one wheel for twenty-four hours, and supplying 1,250,000 gallons. *In the last month, the wheels were stopped three days on account of the water being disturbed by a freshet, during which time the reservoir fell fifty -two inches: after the water had settled the three wheels were put in operation, and besides supplying the city with about 1,250,000 gallons, they filled the reservoir in twenty-four hours, equal in all to 3,750, 000 gallons. The demand of the city for water, in very cold weather, may be stated at about 1,000,000 gallons. * The advantage of the large reservoirs is particu- larly observable during a freshet in the river, as the city can be supplied for several days with clear water from them, whilst the muddy water is running off, during which time the wheels are of course stopped. * On the 24th of October 1822, the steam engines were stopped, and it is believed will never again be wanted. The strength of the dam was tested in the most satisfactory manner, in February 1822, by an ice freshet, which rose eight feet above the overfall, and which is supposed to be the greatest ever known in the Schuylkill.' Water Works. 201 The whole cost to the city of the works at Fair Mount is as follows : — Cost of the water power at the falls $150,000 Erection of the dam, locks, head arches, race, and piers, including* estimate of damag-es for overflowing by the dam 187',182 Three pumps 11,000 Mill houses, mills, and other works con- nected with them 71,250 Iron raising" mains 4,480 New reservoir 8,600 $432,512 The entire amount expended by the city of Phila- delphia, on the successive operations for introducing the Schuylkill water, is shown by the following- table:— Cost of the first works on Centre Square and Chestnut street near Schuylkill $690,402 81 The second steam works, including the reservoir, cost 320,669 84 The present water power works cost 432,512 71 Total cost $1,443,585 36 The advantage of water power over steam power for such works as these, is well shown in the report of the watering committee of 1823: — * I>y an estimate made by Mr Graff, and exhibited to councils with the report of the committee on 202 PhiladelpMa in 1 830— 1 . water power, on the 5th of February 1818, it ap- peared the cost of working the steam engine and pump for one year was 30,858 dollars ; and it has been found that, with this expenditure, not more than 1,600,000 gallons could be raised in twenty-four hours — a very inadequate supply for the population of the city, consisting of above 60,000 souls ; with- out a gallon being afforded to the adjoining districts, containing an equal number, and for whom until the present period there was no provision except by means of wells. If, therefore, it were required, at the same rate of expense, to raise an equal quantity with that at present afforded by three wheels, the cost would be upwards of 70,000 dollars ; but, esti- mating the cost at only double that of one engine, it would amount to 61,716 dollars. From this is to be deducted the interest on the capital expended in erecting the water power and works, which was 426,330 dollars, and was principally borrowed at an interest of five per cent, and amounts to 21,316 dol- lars annually, and also the expenses for wages, fuel, oil, &c. estimated at 1500 dollars annually, amounting together to 22,816 dollars, which being deducted from the sum of 61,716 dollars, leaves a clear annual saving of 38,900 dollars, equal, at an interest of five per cent, to a capital of 778,000 dollars. * As before stated, it is not doubted that the wa- ter power is sufficient to work five wheels and pumps in addition to the three in operation, which would raise an additional quantity of more than six Water Works. 203 millions of gallons ; and, estimating' the saving on this quantity in the same ratio as before stated, the amount would be 103,000 dollars more, equal to a capital of upwards of two millions of dollars, and showing the whole saving or profit to be 142,000 dollars annually, a sum nearly double the amount of the city taxes, exclusive of interest on the city debt, which will soon melt away by the operation of the sinking fund.' In the report of 1824, the comparative superiority of water power is again shown: — * Two men are found sufficient to attend the works twelve hours at a time alternately, night and day ; and the calculation made last year, of four dollars per day, for wages, fuel, light, tallow, &c. is, upon experience, found to be ample. The plan of warm- ing the house has completely answered the object proposed; and no ice has formed, in the coldest weather, on the wheels or in the pumps. * The whole cost of the new works, including the damages, the new reservoir, and the preparation for a third one, is 432,512 dollars, the interest on which, at the rates the money was borrowed, amounts to 24,230 dollars ; a sum not much exceed- ing that formerly appropriated every year out of the city taxes for the support of the steam engines, be- sides consuming the whole of the water rents. The contrast is most pleasing, when it is seen that the wa- ter rents are so much disengaged, as to place in the treasury from their avails upwards of 14,500 dollai-s. 204 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . whilst the sums heretofore appropriated of the taxes for the steam engines, go to meet the interest on the debt for the erection of the works. ' But this is not the whole advantage. It was not possible with the steam engines, that a million and a quarter of gallons could be raised; now, three times that quantity can be had, without any increase of expense; but if the same quantity were required to be raised by additional steam engines, the annual expense would be at least 75,000 dollars ; or, in other words, the expense, (exclusive of the first cost of the steam engines and of the water works,) would be 206 dollars per day, to raise three millions and three quarters of gallons by steam, which is now done for four dollars per day by water, with this further advantage, that with the expenditure of not more than 50,000 dollars for five new wheels and pumps, the quantity can be increased to ten millions of gallons in twenty-four hours, the water power being sufficient to raise even more if required. * An additional quantity of 6,750,000 gallons, raised by steam engines, would cost 344 dollars per day, making the whole expense to raise 10,000,000 of gallons by steam, 550 dollars per day, whilst the same quantity can be raised by water for 10 dollars per day, which includes the present expense, (be- fore mentioned,) of four dollars per day, and an allowance of six dollars for additional hands, fuel, tallow, &c. without estimating the interest on the first cost of either species of engines and pumps. ' Water Works. 205 The two reservoirs embraced in the report of 1824 contain, No. 1. 3,917,659 No. 2. 3,296,434 Since which No. 3. has been erected, which contains, additional, 2,707,295 Gallons 9,921,388 And there is now forming* another reservoir, which, when finished, will contain a further quantity of water equal to 10,000,00a Gallons 19,921,388 equal to a supply for ten days during- the summer months, according to the present consumption, which is about 2,000,000 of g-allons for twenty-four hours. This increase of supply during- the summer is caused by the constant washing- of the streets by means of- the fire plugs. Since the last report an additional 20 inch iron main has been laid, leading from the reservoirs at Fair Mount to Broad and Chestnut streets, being a distance of about 10,000 feet. The cost of the for- mer main was $7 42 per foot, that of the latter only $5 78. Iron pipes have been extended through sections of the city where the wooden pipes were decayed, now amounting in distance to upwards of 36 miles, which, added to the iron pipes laid in the districts S 206 PhiladelpJiia in 1 830— 1 . adjoining- the city, make tog-ether 55 miles. The water was introduced into Spring Garden April 26, 1826 ; into Southwark June 1, 1826 ; and into the Northern Liberties June 6, 1826. The pipes laid in the city up to December 31, 1829 amount to 190,080 feet. In the Northern Liberties, to 48,116 In Spring Garden, to 22,279 In Southwark, to 32,284 Feet 102,679 Such are the means adopted to procure a suffi- cient supply of water for Philadelphia. The uses and importance of the water thus introduced are stated in the report of the committee: — 'the addi- tional cleanliness of the city 5 the supply of the neighbouring districts, for culinary purposes, as well as for purposes of refreshment ; the great ad- vantages in cases of fire ; the ornament of fountains in the public squares so wisely provided by our great founder ; the benefit to manufacturers, and the establishment of water power in the city for various purposes, may be named among the advan- tages of this new work ; but, above all, we are to place its effect upon the health of a great and grow- ing community, whichof itself would justify a much greater expenditure.' The water is conveyed from the reservoir through the city by means of pipes laid below the pavements. Until lately, wooden pipes vt'ere used for this pur- Water Works, 207 pose; but the inadequate supply of water derived through, them, and the constant vexation and ex- pense occasioned by their bursting, have caused the substitution of iro'a pipes, which, although conside- rably more expensive in the first cost, are in the result the most economical. The first appropria- tion for this purpose was a sum of 70,000 dollars, voted by the councils, in December 1818, for a main pipe of conduit, which was soon afterwards laid — viz. from the reservoir along the old canal bank to Callowhill street, of 22 inches diameter, 2661 feet; and thence to the intersection of Broad and Chestnut streets, 6909 feet. With this are con- nected the iron and wooden pipes for the supply of the city. At the outset of the undertaking, a number of pipes were imported from England as models, and another importation has since been made to supply the deficiency created by the failure of an American contractor; but at present the pipes are made in this country, as well and at as low a price as in England. To defray the expenses of these operations, taxes are annually laid, and a certain annual sum is paid by the occupier of each house in which the water is introduced. The annual rent paid for the use of the water in the city and districts in December 1829 was as follows : 208 Philadelphia in ^Q30— I. City, . . . 37,881 50 Northern Liberties, , 10,352 75 Spring Garden, . . 3,440 04 South wark, . . 5,019 00 $56,693 29 The number of dwellings, manufactories, &c. supplied with water during- the year ending De- cember 31, 1829, is as follows: City, . . . . 7149 Northern Liberties, . . 1335 Spring Garden, . . 471 South wark, . . . 678 $9633 The experience of years has shown that the water power at Fair Mount is sufficient to raise many times as much water as the city can possibly require for its consumption, and consequently that there is a surplus power apphcable to other purposes. It is not easy to determine what amount of power might be spared, but it is believed to be sufficient for a very considerable number of manufactories. On the western side of the Schuylkill a canal and several locks have been constructed, for the purpose of facilitating navigation past the dam. A scale has recently been erected here to weigh boats in order to ascertain their tonnage. These noble works are highly attractive, both to citizens and strangers, and such is the number Water Works. 209 of visiters, that three stages have been established, which run daily from different parts of the city to Fair Mount, and averag-e, each, about six trips a day. PROVISION AGAINST DESTRUCTION BY FIRE. It has frequently been remarked, that destructive fires occur less frequently in Philadelphia than in any other city of the United States. And in point of fact, destruction by fire, to the extent even of a single building-, rarely occurs here. This may be at- tributed to several causes. 1. The erection of wooden building-s is forbidden within certain limits, viz, from the river Delaware to the east side of Sixth street, in those parts of the city included between the south side of Vine street and the north side of Race street, and between the south side of Walnut street, and the north side of Cedar, and from the river Delaware to the east side of Tenth street, in that part of the city included be- tween the south side of Race street and the north side of Walnut street. This salutary ordinance was passed in 1796, and its provisions oug-ht now to be extended over all the chartered limits of the city, and the principal portions of the districts. 2. The introduction of th« Schuylkill water is an- other cause of the infrequency of destructive fires. The plentiful supply of water, and the force with S 2 2 1 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . which it proceeds from the pipes, soon extinguish fires. It has been ascertained, on comparing- the destruction of property by fire in the city, where ready access to fire pkigs can be obtained, with that which occurred in the liberties, where the Schuylkill w^ater was not till lately introduced, and where de- pendence was placed on pumps for a supply, that the loss in the latter districts was about as 2^ or 2^ to 1 in the former. The saving of property from fire by the water works has been estimated by some at two millions of dollars in value. The comparative exemption of Philadelphia from loss by fire, may also be attributed to the zeal and ac- tivity of her citizens, who labour assiduously to put a stop to the ravages of fire. In Philadelphia there are no hired or professional firemen, as in many other cities. The task of combating with the destructive element is undertaken by voluntary associations of citizens, who govern themselves by certain rules, and defray the expenses of their engines, buckets, hose. Sec. principally from their own funds. The first engine company of this description was formed in 1732, at the instigation of Dr Franklin, to whom the city is indebted for so many valuable suggestions. Since that time, many others have successively been formed. The number of engine companies now amounts to 26. Previous to the introduction of the Schuylkill water, the usual mode of supplying the engines was by buckets filled from pumps. This tedious process was superseded by the establishment Provision against Fire. 21 1 of a system which has been of incalculable advan- tag-e to Philadelphia; the use, namely, of pipes of leather for the conveyance of water from the hy- drants to the eng-ine, and to those parts of houses w^iich are accessible. A company was formed in 1803, principally throug-h the exertions of two gen- tlemen, Roberts Vaux and Reuben Haines, Esquires, for the purchase of a hose, and of a carriag-e to con- vey it on to fires; and such was their success, that several other companies were soon afterwards form- ed. The g-eneral principles of all these companies are the same. The hose, carriag-e, house for con- taining* them, &c. are paid for principally from the private funds of the members. The members are designated by badges on their hats. The hose is of leather, about two inches and a half in diameter, and generally about 1000 feet in extent. It is di- vided into sections of fifty feet, each section being connected with brass swivel screws. The sum of $5000, appropriated by the city coun- cils, is usually distributed among these companies. The following is beheved to be a correct hst of the engine and hose companies in the city and districts. Engine Companies. Assistance, Columbia, Delaware, Diligent, Fede- ral, (N. L.) Franklin, (S.) Friendship, (N. L.) Fair- mount, (S. G.) Globe, (K.) Good Intent, (K.) Good Will, Hand in Hand, Harmony, Hibernia, Hope, Hu- mane, (N. L.) Northern Liberty No. 1, Pennsylvania, 2 1 2 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . Philadelphia, Relief, Reliance, Resolution, South- wark, (S.) United States, (N. L.) Vigilant, Washing- ton, Weccacoe, — 27- Hose Companies. Columbia, Diligent, Fame, United States, (N, L.) Good Intent, Hope, Humane, (N. L. ) Neptune, Ni- agara, (S.) Perseverance, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Re- solution, Southwark, Washington. — 15. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. The various internal improvements that have been completed of late years, tend greatly to increase the wealth and importance of Philadelphia; while those which are still in contemplation, in order to afford an immediate market for the inexhaustible wealth of our flourishing state, leave the mind at a loss how to estimate the extent of the result. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Commences on the Delaware river, about forty miles below Philadelphia, crosses the peninsula in a direction nearly west, and enters the tide waters of the Elk river, a tributary branch of the Chesapeake. It is about fourteen miles in length, sixty feet broad, and ten feet deep, with a rise of eight feet only above the tide to its summit level. Its eastern ter- mination is guarded by Fort Delaware, one of the noblest fortresses on this side of the Atlantic. At Internal Improvements. 213 its entrance into the Delaware is a spacious harbour, twenty feet deep at low water, capable of contain- ing 200 vessels of a larg-e class, and affording a safe shelter against the dangers of the bay, at every sea- son of the year. The cost of this work, before it went into operation, was $2,201,864. The office is in Walnut street, between Dock and Second streets. J. M Lewis, President. H. D. Gilpin, Secretary. The Union Canal Is the chief link of the great chain of inland navi- gation by which the eastern and western rivers of Pennsylvania will at an early day be connected, and a vast trade secured to Philadelphia. Its route is in a western direction from the river Schuylkill, near Reading in the county of Berks, to the Susque- hanna river, near Middletown in the county of Dau- phin. Its length is about seventy miles. As early as the year 1791 a company was incorporated to make this canal, who expended about 225,000 dol- lars upon the work, and then abandoned the under- taking. A new charter was obtained with important privileges in 1811, and the company revived under the title of 'The Union Canal Company of Penn- sylvania.-' but the want of adequate funds continued to prevent a recommencement of the work. In the year 1819, the legislature again interposed, and em- powered the company to open a new subscription of 500,000 dollars to its stock, to bear an interest of six per cent per annum, payable from the avails of 2 1 4 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . the lotteries previously authorised. This plan how- ever not realizing" the hopes of the friends of im- provement, as the uncertainty of the fund out of which the interest was to be provided operated to discourag-e subscriptions to the stock, the legisla- ture was again appealed to, and in the year 1821 they directed a subscription of 50,000 dollars to the stock of the company on behalf of the common- wealth, and guarantied the payment of interest for the term of twenty-five years in case the avails of the lotteries should prove insufficient for that purpose. From that time the improvement went on vigo- rously, and the present situation of tlie company is highly prosperous. The breadth of this canal at its bottom is twenty- four feet, the depth of water about four feet, and the breadth of the water surface thirty-six feet at least. The locks are faced with cut sand stone, jointed with water-proof cement, and are calculated to pass boats carrying from twenty-five to thirty tons each^ and the whole of the works have been arranged according to the most approved principles of a single horse navigation. Schuylkill Navigation. The Schuylkill Navigation Company was incorpo- rated by an act of assembly passed in March 1815, and organized in September of the same year, with a capital subscribed of 100,000 dollars. It was subsequently increased to 500,000 dollars. This Internal Improvements. 2 1 5 internal improvement is of immense importance to Philadelphia. From Mount Carbon, at the coalmines in Schuylkill county, to the city of Philadelphia, by the improved navigation, is a distance of 110 miles, 64 of which are canal ; a fall of 588 feet is surmount- ed by means of 28 dams and 120 locks, and the whole expenditure in making* the improvement was 1,500,000 dollars, procured from individuals and cor- porations, with the single exception of 500,000 dol- lars subscribed by the state. Lehigh Navigation. The Lehigh Coal and Navigation company was in- corporated on the 13th of February 1822, and au- thorised to raise a capital of one million of dollars. The object of the company was to improve the na- vigation of the river Lehigh, from the great falls to the junction with the Delawai*e at Easton ; and by this means to bring to market the valuable stone coal which abounds in a mountain situated on the margin of the Lehigh, about 46 miles above the con- fluence. From the coal region the company have completed a good downward navigation, and have carried their improvements about fifteen miles high- er up the river, to enable them to obtain a sufficient supply of lumber for making the necessary boats. The Columbia Rail Road. This important internal improvement is in a state of forwardness, and when completed will doubtless 216 Philadelphia in \S30—1, prove to be of incalculable advantage to the city. The place of its junction with the Schuylkill is about a mile and a half above Fair Mount Water Works, and as a rail road is still a novelty in this country, it may prove a subject of curiosity to strang-ers. There are several other branches of our internal improvements which have a direct bearing upon the prosperity of Philadelphia ; but it would scarcely be in keeping with the features of a * Stranger's Guide,' to furnish a detailed account of them in our pages. Turnpike Roads. The following brief account of the principal turn- pike roads leading from the city, is all that our li- mits enable us to give. Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpihe Road. This was the first artificial road made in Pennsyl- vania. The company was incorporated by an act of the legislature, passed on the 21st of June 179?. As soon as the requisite amount of funds was obtain- ed, operations were begun, and the entire road was completed in 1795. The whole length of the road is 62 miles 5 and the cost per mile was $7502, making the whole cost $465,124. Philadelphia., Germantown, and Perkiomen Turnpike Road. The charter of this company was granted on the 29th of April 1801, and the road was finished in Internal Improvements. 2 1 7 1804. The whole length is 25J miles, andthe cost per mile was 11,287, making- the whole cost of the road $284,996. Philadelphia, Frankford^ and Bristol Turnpike Road. The charter of this company was granted on the 13th of May 1803, and the entire road was complet- ed in 1812. Its length is 28 miles. The cost per mile of that portion of the road which is faced with stone was about $10,000 ; and the cost of that por- tion which is covered with gravel was about $5000 per mile. Ridge Turnpike. The charter of this company was granted on the 19th of July 1811, andthe road was finished in 1816. Its whole length is 23^ miles. The cost per mile was $7500. Philadelphia, Cheltenham, and Willow Grove Turn' pike Road. This company was incorporated on the 13th of May 1803. The road was finished in 1804, and is 10^ miles in length. The cost per mile was about $8000 ; and the whole cost $85,000. Bridges. Of these there are two over the Schuylkill at Phi- ladelphia ; one at the Falls about four miles from the city i one at Flat Rock, about 8 miles up the river ; T 2 1 8 PhiladelpJiia in 1830-^1. and a floating bridge at Gray's Ferry. The first two only come within the desig-n of this work. 1. The Market Street Bridge. This costly and substantial structure was erected by a private company, incorporated for the purpose in 1798. Six years were occupied in its completion. ft consists of three arches of very strong- timber, supported by two stone piers, with two abutments and wing walls. The western pier was sunk at a great expense, and in an unexampled depth of water, the top of the rock on which it stands being 41 feet below common high tides. Upwards of 7500 tons of stone were employed on this pier. The platform for travelling rises only eight feet from a horizontal line. The footways are five feet in width, and are elevated above the carriag-e ways, and protected by chains. The whole length of the bridge, including abutments and wing walls, is 1300 feet, of which the wooden platform between the abutments is in length 550 feet. The span of the middle arch is 194 feet ; that of the other arches 150 feet each. The total cost of this bridge was §235,000; be- sides which, the company paid §40,000 for the pur- chase of the site. Previous to the erection of this bridge, the only passage across the Schuylkill at Market street, was over an insecure and hazardous floating bridge. The amount of toll in 1799 over the floating bridge Internal Improvements. 219 was $5000. That received in 1805, after the com- pletion of the permanent bridg-e, was $13,600. 2. Upper Bridge. This beautiful and unique structure was finished in 1813, and crosses the Schuylkill a little south of the Fair Mount Water Works. It consists of a sin- gle arch of 340 feet 4 inches span, resting on abut- ments of stone. The span of the arch is said to be 96 feet greater than that of any other in existence. The bridge is 50 feet 4 inches wide at the abutments, and 35 feet wide in the centre. The architect was Lewis Wernwag. The total cost of this bridge, was $150,000. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The public buildings in Philadelphia are substan- tial, and for the most part display chasteness of taste in architecture. As the different churches and banks have ah'eady been slightly noticed, we shall pass over them in the present chapter, and merely refer to two or three buildings to which it would be inexcusable to omit calling the stranger's attention. The old Court House in Second street Is worthy of notice from its antiquity. It was built in the year 1709, and now forms the eastern extremity of one of the market houses. For half a 220 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . century after its erection, public vendues were held under its arches, and in no other place in tlie city ; and the celebrated Whitfield delivered his eloquent discourses from the balcony to assembled thousands. It is now the head quarters of the city night watch. 'To what base uses we may return!' 7'Ae State Hbuse, For still it is known by that name, was commenc- ed in the year 1729, and finished in 1735. The whole expense was not quite 6000 pounds. It was orig-inally furnished with a steeple, which was taken down about the close of the revolutionary war. In this building- the cong-ress of the United States sat during the war, and the Declaration of Indepen- dence was read from the steps July 4, 1776. Build- ings for the courts and public offices have been attached to it since that period, and now the entire square in Chestnut street, from Fifth to Sixth streets, is occupied by the public buildings. In 1828 an elevated steeple' was placed upon the State House, in order to restore it, as nearly as practicable, to its original features. In 1820 two rows of linden trees were planted in front of the building, which form a delightful promenade. University and Medical College Halls. These buildings, situated in Ninth street between Chestnut and Market, are not yet completed. They are each 85 feet front by 112 feet deep, separated Public Buildings. 221 by an opening' of about the same dimensions, which will be occupied by a grass plat and walks; the whole to be enclosed by a brick wall. There are in the Medical Hall, besides many private rooms, an anatomical museum, anatomical and chemical lec- ture rooms and dissecting* rooms. In the colleg^e are twenty three rooms, among- which are a library, recitation rooms, and a chapel 83 feet by 40 feet, and 22 feet to the ceiling". The material is brick, roughcast in imitation of gneiss. Mr Strickland is the architect. The Alms-House. A new Aims-House is in progress on the western bank of the Schuylkill. It is situated directly oppo- site to South street, and, according to the plan, is to consist of four buildings, each 500 feet front, so placed as to enclose a rectangular yard. It will be three stories high, including the basement, which will be regular ashlar masonry. Fronting on the Schuyl- kill will be a Tuscan portico, and six brick columns, five feet in diameter and thirty feet high. Arcade. This beautiful building stands on the north side of Chestnut street, west of Sixth street ; it is 100 feet front and 150 feet deep, extending to Carpen- ter street, and is divided by two avenues 14 feet wide, upon which the stores open. These avenues are paved with flag stones, and are lighted by two T 2 222 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . sky lights, which contain tog-ether upwards of ten thousand lights 5 the rest of the roof is covered with zinc. On the first floor, which is supported by arches resting upon stone walls, are 34 rooms, 12 on each side and 10 in the centre. The second story is supported by arches on brick walls, and contains 36 rooms, 12 on each side and 12 in the centre. The third story is supported by arches and is divided into three large rooms and two saloons, all of which are occupied by Peale's museum. The cellars are divided into two spacious rooms, extending the whole length of the building, and have been handsomely fitted up, and are occupied by restora- teurs. Both fronts of the building are of Pennsyl- vania marble 5 in that on Chestnut street are two niches in which are to be placed two statues in iron bronzed, representing commerce and navigation. Over the niches are two basso relievo ornaments, one the state, and the other the city arms. The pilasters are ornamented with the head of Mercury. The lot upon which the Arcade stands cost 50,000 dollars, and the building itself 112,000 dollars. It is owned by an incorporated company, and the stock is divided into 150O shares of 108 dollars each. Phi- ladelphia is indebted to the enterprise of Peter A. Browne for this ornament, which was erected in 1826 — 2r. John Haviland was the architect. Markets. Philadelphia is deservedly celebrated for the excel- Public Buildings/ 223 lence of its provision markets. In the quality of the butclier's meat and poultry, and the variety and g-oodness of the vegetables, it is not surpassed any where. Strang-ers are struck with the display of remarkably fine beef and mutton, and the quantity of it. The butter, too, broug-ht to the Philadelphia mar- ket, is well known for its richness and superior flavour. Immense quantities of fruit are broug-ht from the adjoining- g-ardens of New Jersey. In the summer and fall, the market is g-enerally overstock- ed with melons, pea.ches, and pears,- which are sold at very low prices. High Street Market. The first, and, for a long" time, the only market in Philadelphia was a frame house, or rather shed, on the hill at the corner of Front and Market streets, where a bell was rung" when produce was broug-ht from the country for sale. A row of wooden stalls was some time afterwards placed in Market street, between Front and Second streets. In 1720, the first part of the market, west of the old court house at the corner of Second street, was built. With the increase of population this market has gradually been extended westward, until now it reaches from Front to Eighth street. At the eastern extremity of Market street is a fish market, the style of which renders it ornamental to the street. This market is plentifully supplied with fish from the ocean and rivers, at very moderate prices. 224 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . South Second Street Market. This is the second market in Philadelphia as re- spects its antiquity, and its supply of provisions. It is situated in South Second street, and extends from Pine to South street. Such is the demand and sup- ply at this market, that it is contemplated to extend it further south. North Second Street Market, Or Northern Liberties Market, is situated in North Second street, and extends from Coates street to Poplar lane. It is abundantly supplied with neces- sary provisions. Callowhill Street Market Is situated in Callowhill street, between Front and Second streets. It consists of four market houses, standing", not like the other markets of Philadelphia in the centre of the street, but on each side, leaving" however room for passage to carts between the foot paths and the market. In 1827 three additional market houses were erected in the middle of Cal- lowhill street, extending" from the old York road to Sixth street. These are abundantly supplied with excellent provisions. Stalls for a fish market have also lately been erected. Kensington Market Is situated on the public square. Beech street, run- Public Buildings. ^25 mng north from Maiden street. In summer a mar- ket is kept here on Sunday morning-s until eight o'clock, as well as on other days. TVharton Market Is in New Second street. South wark, extending- from Prime street to Federal street. A market is also held here on Sunday morning-s until eig-ht o'clock. In addition to the foregoing-, there are stands for market carts in Market street, extending westward from Eighth street, and also in Second street, so that it is no uncommon sight to behold a compact and unbroken mai-ket from the Delaware to Broad street, a mile in extent, and from South street to Poplar lane, which is about one mile and three- quarters. The regular market days in the High street mar- ket are Wednesdays and Saturdays, and those in the Second street market are Tuesday and Friday ; but the markets are abundantly suppUed with provisions on the otlier days of the week. The markets are under the control of the city and district govern- ments, who have placed them under the superinten- dence of persons called clerks of the market. Pre- cise regulations have been laid down for the govern- ment of the markets, and respecting weights and measures, and the introduction of game, &.c. at im- proper seasons, or in an unsuitable condition, the enforcement of which is attended to by the clerks of the market. 226 Philadelphia in \S30—\. HOTELS, BOARDING HOUSES AND BATHS. Hotels. The hotels in Philadelphia are upon as extensive a scale as any in the union, and afford every com- fort and accommodation to the inmates. The tables are for the most part furnished with all the luxuries that our plentiful market affords ; the building-s spa- cious and commodious, and the bedding comfortable and clean ; so that the stranger runs little hazard of going astray in making his selection. Indeed, if the Boar's Head in Eastcheap resembled in the remotest degree our Philadelphia hotels, we can readily account for Falstaff's propensity *to take his ease in his inn.' The following are the principal ho- tels : Mansion House Hotel, No 122 South Third street, kept by Joseph Head. City Hotel, by Thomas Hieskell, No 41, North Third street. United States Hotel, by Richard Renshaw, in Chestnut street, opposite to the Bank of the United States. National Hotel by J. A. Inslee, No. 116 Chestnut street. Washington Hotel, by Mrs Yohe, Nos 6 and 8 North Fourth street. Hotels^ Boarding Houses and Baths. 227 Congress Hall by Mr Wells, in Third street above Chestnut. Boarding Houses. The boarding" houses are numerous and excellent. We subjoin the names of a few of the proprietors. Mrs Fraser, No. 324 Spruce street. Mrs Sword, No. 207 Chestnut street, next door to the Arcade. Mrs Allen, No. 42, South Sixth street. Miss Boyd, No. 287 Chestnut street. Mrs. Allibone, No. 139 Walnut street. Mrs Austie, No. 21 South Third street. Mrs Linn, No. 98 South Third street. Mrs Eaton, South East corner of Fifth and Libra- ry streets. Mrs Wilson, over the Post Office in Chestnut street. Baths. The Philadelphia Baths, at the corner of George and Seventh streets, went into operation June 1, 1829. The building- is of brick;, presenting a front of 50 feet on seventh and 80 on George street. The northern section, which comprises a double range of bathing rooms, an ample shower bath, and a suit of parlours, all well furnished, is appropriated exclu- sively to ladies ; the southern section is for the ac- commodation of gentlemen. Here also are two ran- ges of bathing rooms, a bar room, and a reservoir. 228 Philadelphia in ISoO— I. 26 feet by 10 feet, in which the water is tempered by steam, and may be raised to the height of six feet. An experienced swimmer attends this bath, who gives lessons in swimming. The bathing vessels, fifty in number, are composed either of Italian mar- ble finely w^-ought, or copper ingeniously plated with Banca tin. Four shower baths are attached to the gentlemen's section. The boiler and its machi- nery are placed in a building in the rear of the bath house 5 the heated water is propelled into a reservoir on the top of this building, and thence distributed to the different baths in such proportions as the bather wishes. There is a bathing establishment, kept in fine or- der, in Fromberger's court, which runs west from No. 34 North Second street, between Market and Arch streets. Facilities for bathing in the Delaware have been erected at Smith's Island, opposite the city, and boats are constantly plying during the day, from a wharf below Chestnut street, to the island. A place of entertainment is established on the island. The apartments are formed in the hull of an old brig. SHOT TOWERS. Spark's Shot Tower was erected in 1807, the first in the United States. It is situated in Southwark Shot Towers. 229 near the Navy Yard ; its form is circular, its base 30 feet in diameter, heig-ht 142 feet, and the diameter of the top 15 feet. IJeck's Shot Tower was erected in 1808, and stands near the Schuylkill above Arch street. Its form is square, the sides of which are 33 feet at the base, including" the walls, which are five feet thick; and at the top 22 feet, with the walls of 22 inches. Its elevation is 166 feet. This establishment is suffi- ciently extensive to supply the whole of the United States with the article of Patent Shot, as from three to five tons have been made and finished for sale, per day. Foreign lead, since the revision of the tariff, has been excluded from the above manufactories. MONUMENT OF PENN'S TREATY, A.D. 1682. The foundation of colonial Pennsylvania was dis- tinguished by acts of justice, generosity, and peace between the illustrious Founder and his followers, and the Indian natives, which have no parallel in history. Our early annals are on that account emi- nently deserving of the praise which has been awarded to the principles, and the men, which shed such lustre over those primitive transactions. It is highly gratifying to be enabled to point out the very place, where the great deed of concord was executed by our forefathers, and the aboriginal inhabitants: the only compact of the kind, to use the language U 230 Philadelphia in 1830—1. of a European writer, ' luhich was ever rattled luith- out an oath, and which was never broken!' To per- petuate the recollection of the spot where the treaty was held, the ' Penn Society' caused a block of marble to be erected on the site of the Great Elm Tree at Shackamaxon, bearing appropri- ate inscriptions. This stately tree was uprooted by a storm in 1810, when the trunk measured twenty- four feet in circumference. Its ag-e was ascertain- ed to be 283 years ; having been 155 years old at the time the treaty took place. It is intended, at some future day, to rear a monu- ment upon this venerated ground, altogether suited to the moral grandeur of the event which it shall commemorate. The locality of the treaty is that part of Kensington now near the intersection of Beach and Hanover streets. For a more particular account of this interesting circumstance, the reader is referred to a memoir by Roberts Vaux, Esq. in the first volume of the tran- sactions of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. BOARD OF HEALTH. The Board of Health is appointed annually by the councils of the city, and the commissioners of the adjoining districts. There are also appointed by the governor, a physician, who resides at the Laza- Board of Health. 231 retto, and is called the Lazaretto physician ; another who resides in the city, and is called the port phy- sician ; a health officer ; and a quarantine master. The quarantine regulations begin on the 1st of June and continue until the 1st of October in each year. During that period, every vessel coming from foreign ports must anchor in the Delaware, near the Laza- retto; where it is the duty of the Lazaretto physi- cian and quarantine master to visit and examine her: and if it appears that she came from a place at which any malignant or contagious disease prevailed, she is detained for such time as the Board of Health may direct, not exceeding twenty days. If it appear, on examination, that there has been any person sick on board with a malignant or contagious disease, the vessel is detained such further time as the Board of Health may deem necessary ; and the crew and bag- gage are not suffered to enter the city before the 1st of October, without the license and permission of the Board of Health. Vessels coming from any port south of Cape Fear, and vessels from any other port in the United States which have been within thirty days in a foreign port, are subject to the same exami- nation and restrictions. Severe penalties are imposed by law for a violation of the regulations on this sub- ject. The Board of Health have also power to pro- hibit the entering into Philadelphia of any persons or goods, from any other place in the United States where a contagious disease prevails; and the com- munication with such place is subject to the regula- 232 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . tion of the board. When any portion of the city is infected with fever, the Board have power to prevent all commmunication with the infected parts, and to remove the inhabitants. Between the 1st of June and the 1st of October, no vegetables, fish or hides, can be landed at Philadelphia, without a permit from the Board ; and no person can keep in any one house or store more than 100 bushels of vegetables, without similar permission. Various subordinate regulations, for preserving the health of the city, have been enacted. The board have also power and are required to remove all substances that may en- gender disease; and for this purpose, have authority to enter and search any house or store where they may suspect such nuisance to exist. An exact register of the number of births and deaths in the city is kept by the Board of Health ; the act of assembly requiring all physicians, sur- geons, and practitioners of midwifery, to make re- turns periodically to the Board, in the case of deaths once in each week, and of births once in each month. The following are the officers of the Board of Health for 1830. Joseph Worrell, President^ Michael E. Israel, Secretary^ George Gorgas, Treasurer, Joseph Pryor, Clerk of the Board, William Mandry, Health Officer, Dr Stewart, Port Physician, George F. Lehman, La- zaretto Physician, Henry Kenyon, Quarantine Master. Office of the Board of Health, No. 47 South Fifth street, between Chestnut and Walnut streets. Philadelphia in 1 830—1 . 233 LIST Of Stages, Steamhoats and Packets wliich depart from Philadelphia for Europe and for places in the United States. Baltimore Steam Boat, Union Line. The Steam- boat leaves the foot of Chestnut street every morning at 6 o'clock, Sundii ys excepted, via the Rail Road, and arrives at Baltimore the same aftertioon. A Steamboat starts from the same place every day at 12 o'clock, and arrives at Baltimore early the next morning. Baltimore United States Mail Stage (winter route), No. 38 South Third street^ leaves daily at 7 o'clock, A. M. Route through Chester, Wilmington, Elkton and Havre de Grace, Baltimore Union Line of Packets leaves the foot of Chesnut street daily (Sundays excepted.) Bethlehem, AUentown aud Montrose Mail stages. The Union Line of Stages for the above places, via Na- zareth, Easton and Wilkesbarre. Office, Race street, 4 doors above Third street. Blackwoodtown Stage, office Reeves's Ferry, upper side of Market street Wharf, leaves every afternoon at half past 2 o'clock. Boston Packets, Regular line, office at Grants and Stone's, 4.3 South Front street. 234 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Boston Union Line of Packets, office at A. C. Bar- clay's, 38 South Wharves. Bristol, Burlington and Bordentown by the New York Lines. Bridgetown Mail Stage leaves Champion's, Arch street Ferry, every morning at sunrise. Cape Island Mail Stage from Champion's, Arch street Ferry, every morning at sunrise, via Bridgetown, Millersville, Port Elizabeth, Dennis's Creek, &c. A Stage also leaves Reeves's Ferry, Market street, at 4 A. M. via Mount Ephraim, Chew's Landing, Blackwood, town, Tuckahoe, &,c. &c. Doylestown Stage, office Second above Race street. Leaves on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at 9 o'clock A. M. Downingstown Stage, office 284 Market street. Leaves every morning at 8 o'clock. Easton Stage leaves the Rotterdam Hotel, Fourth above Race street, every morning at half past 5. Frankford Stage leaves the Second Street House, Se- cond Street above Market, at 10 A. M. and 5 P. M. daily. A stage also leaves the sign of the Buck, 130 North Second street, at the same hours. Frankford, Holmesburg and Bustleton Stage leaves every afternoon at 4 o'clock from the Second Street House. Germantown stage, office Third above Market, twice a day. Germantown Rail Road Cars, corner of Green and Ninth streets, leaves at 8 and 11 A. M. and 2 and 4 P. M- Great Egg Harbour Mail Stage, on Wednesdays and Saturdays at sunrise, from Market street Ferry lower side. Stages, Steamboats and Packets. 235 Haddonfield Mail Stage, office Reeves's Ferry, upper side of Market street wharf, leaves daily, Sundays ex- cepted, at 4 P. M. and returns at 11 A. M. Harrisburg-. See Lancaster and Pittsburg stages. Huntington stage, daily. Office, Race above Third. Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Erie, Reading, Pottsville and Northumberland United States Mail Stage, office Red Lion Hotel, 200 Market street. Lancaster and Pittsburg Mail Stage leaves No. 284 Market street, every morning at 4 and 8 o'clock. Route through Harrisburg and Chambersburg. Lancaster and Pittsburg Accommodation Stage leaves same place every morning at 4 o'clock. Leeds's Point Stage, from Reeves's Ferry, Market street, on Wednesdays and Saturdays at sunrise. Liverpool, two lines of Packets : 1st. Sails from Philadelphia on the 20th of each month, from Liverpool on the 8th of each month, and consists of the following ships. Monongahela, Brown; Alexan- der, Miercken ; Algonquin, W. West ; Montezuma, J. West. Apply to the Messrs. Cope, Walnut street wharf. 2d. Sails every month from Philadelphia to Liverpool via Savannali, and sails from Liverpool to Philadelqhia, on the 20th of each month. Arab, Ball; Julius Caesar, M'Mullin ; Ann, Bird ; John Wells, Curtis ; Delaware, Bai-tleson. Apply to Thomas E. Walker &, Co. 15 North Fourth Street. Lower Greenwich Stage, office Market street Ferry, lower side, leaves Wedneseays and Saturdays at sunrise. Medford Stage, office Market street Ferry, lower side, leaves every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 1 o'clock in the afternoon, V2 236 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. Mount Holly Mail Stage, offjcc Arch street Ferry, via Moorestovvn, leaves daily at 2 P.M. Milton Stage, office White Swan. Montrose Stage, office White Swan, Race above Third. New York United States Mail, office 2S South Third street, leaves daily at half past 4 P.M. Route through Trenton, Princeton, and New Brunswick. New York Union Line of Steamboats, leaves Ches- nut street Wharf daily, (Sundays excepted) at half past 6 A. M. and 12. Route through Bordentown, &,c. on the Rail Road. New York Citizen's Line of Steamboats leaves Arch street Wharf daily, (Sundays excepted) at 6 A. M. arriv- ing same afternoon. Route through Bordentown and Washington. New Egypt, on Wednesdays and Saturdays, at 7 A. M, from Reeves's Ferry. New York Union Line for the Transportation of Mer- chandize, daily, Chesnut street Wharf. New York Columbian line, daily. Arch street Wharf. New Hope and Lambertville Stage leaves the White Horse, Bank street, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri- days at 8 A.M. New Orleans Packets, three lines : 1. Stacey's, from below Chesnut street. 2. Morgan's, Walnut street Wharf. 3. Hand's, Girard's Wharf Niagara Stage, office White Swan, Race street, above Third. Norristown Stage, office 138 Race street, daily, at 3 P. M. by way of Falls of Schuylkill and Roxborough. Stages, Steamboats and Packets. 237 Osweg-o Stage, office White Swan, Race street above Third. PottsvUle Stage, office 28 South Third street, leaves daily at 4 A. M. and 8 A. M. Route via Norristown and Reading. Pittsburg United States Mail Stage, office Red Lion, 200 Market street. Port Elizabeth Mail Stage, office Reeves's Ferry, leaves on Wednesdays and Saturdays at sunrise. Pemberton Stage, office Reeves's Ferry, leaves on Tuesdays and Saturdays at 11 o'clock A. M. Reading and Pottsville Stage, White Swan, Race st. leaves daily at half past 3 A.M. for Reading, Harrisbur^, Orwigsbiu-g, Northumberland, Sunbury, Milton and Williamsport, also at half past 1 A.M. by the Northern route for Reading, Lebanon, Harrisburg, Lewistown, Huntingdon, Bellefont, Blairsville, Pittsburg and Erie. Salem Stage, office Reeves's Ferry, Market street, 'eaves daily at 8 A. M. Sunbury and Northumberland Stage, office White Swan, Race above Tliird street, daily at 4 A. M. Trenton, by the Union Line of Steamboats. During' the winter season, a stage leaves the Robinson Crusoe, in third above Chesnut, daily at 9 A. M. Tuckerton and Little Egg Harbour Stage leaves south side of Market street Wharf on Wednesdays and Satur- days at sunrise. Upper Ferry and Fairmount Stage leaves the White Swan in Race street daily at 9, 11, 2, and 4 o'clock. West Chester Stage, office 284 Market street, leaves daily at 6 and 8 A. M. V3 238 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Westtown Stage, office White Horse in Bank street, leaves on Tuesdays, and Saturdays, in summer at 7, and in winter at 8 A. M. Wilmington Steamboat leaves Arch street Wharf daily at 1 P. M. Woodbury Stage, Reeves's Ferry, daily at 3 P. M. Yellow Springs Stage, office 248 Market street. Philadelphia in 1830—1. 239 LIST Of Streets, Roads, Lanes, Alleys, Avenues, Courts, Wharves, Ship Yards, Public Buildings, Places of Amusement, S^c. with their proper names, as well as those they are sometimes known by, arranged in alphabetical order ; with references for finding their situations on the Plan of Philadelphia and its en- virons. Directions for the Reader. (C) stands for the City— (M) for Moyamensing— (P. T) for Penn Township— (S. G) for Spring Garden— (S) for South wark—(K) for Kensington— (N. L) for North- ern Liberties— (P) for Passyunk— (Sch.) for Schuylkill— (V) for Vineyard, i. e. Francisville. Example. To find the different places on the Plan. To find the Library, look for it in the Alphabetical List, which you will find is numbered 295 on the margin : this number stands for the place on the Plan, and the letters of reference L M. q r. opposite. Then turn to the Plan, and pass the eye down in a Ime between the great letters L M. on the top, until it comes opposite the small letters q r. on the sides : where the lines intersect, you will readily find the place. (XTYou can also refer fiom the Plan to the Book. The reader will please to observe the following general rule for finding the numbers on houses in the different streets in this city. In those streets that run east and west, say High street, tlie num- bers begin from the Delaware, the odd being on the north side. In those streets that run noitli and south, say Fourth street, the num- bers begin from HigU street, running north and south, the odd be- ing on the east side. 1 Academy of Fine Arts, L M. m n 2 Academy of Natural Sciences, L M. 1 m Acorn alley, K. n o 2 Adams street, (M) G. pq Adams street, (C) I. 1 V4 240 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. 3 Adams & Simmons' wharf, P Q. u 4 Adelphi alley, Q R. s t Alban street, O P. k 1 5 Alberson's wharf, F G. u v 6 Alder alley, O P. m n Allen street (K) U. v w 7 Allen's alley, H I. p q Allentown Stage, offices Rotterdam Hotel, Third above Race, and 28 south Third 8 Allen's court, I K. q r Almond street, G H. s t Alms-house and House of Employment, I K. m n, see new Building, G H I. a, and Alms-house wharf, H. a 9 Alms-house Burial Ground, F. m 10 American Fire Insurance Office, L M. r s American Sunday School Union. See Sunday School Union. Ann street (N. L.) P. s Ann street (Sch.) K. g Ann street (Sch.) N. h i Ann street (C) H. 1 Anne street (V)TU.fg Apollo street, G H. r Apple street, S T. q r Appletree alley, N O. q r 11 Apprentices' Library, L M.p 12 Apricot alley, K L. m n Arabella street, D E. q 12 Arcade, L M. p Arch street. See Mulberry. Arch street ferry, N. u List of Streets, Roads, d^c, 241 13 Arch street Theatre, N. p Argyle street, G H. t u Arsenal street, E. c Artillery lane. Sec Duke street i^.V) Ash street, A. v w 13 Ash alley, M. d e Aspen alley, I. d e 14 Aspen court, M. d e Asheton street, I. c d Associate Presbyterian Church. See Scots Presby- terian. Asylum for Lost Children. See South Alley. Athenseum. See Philosophical Hall. 15 Atkinson's court, H I. p q 16 Ayres's, F. wharf and ship-yard, V. y 17 Ayres's wharf and ship-yard, T, w 18 Ayres's wharf, U V. y Bache's court, O P. k 19 Baker's court, S. r 20 Baker's court, S. t 21 Baker street, G H. o p 22 Baker's (or St George's) alley, P. s 23 Baker's wharf, W.x Baltimore Mail Stage, office Third near Chesnut Baltimore Stage, office opposite City Hotel 24 Ball alley, H.rs Ball street, Y. z 25 Ball's alley, RS.u 26 Ball's wharf, R S. v Banks. See Bank of the United States Sgc. 27 Bank alley, L. s Bank street, L M. s. See New Bank. 242 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Bank street, H. b c. Baptising Meeting- House. See Schuylkill Baptist Meeting. 28 Barclay's alley, I. p Barker street, M. g Barker street, G H. p Barley street, 1. m n 29 Barron street, H. s 30 Basin of the old Water Works, L M. c 31 Bath-House, Laurel street, K. s 31 i Bath-House, Fromberger's court, N.s 32 Batli-House, Philadelphia, L. p Beach street (K);ST.uv Beach street (Scli.)i Led 32 Bearsticker's court, N O. p q Beaver street (N. L), T U. s Beaver street (S), A. v w Beck's alley, E F. t u 33 Beck's Shot Tower, N O. e 35 Beck street, F G. p q 36 Beck's wharves, M. tu 37 Beck's wharf, I. u Bedford street (K), U V. v w Bedford street (M), G H. o p Bell's court. See Marshall's alley Bethlehem, Allentown, Montrose, Nazareth, Easton and Wilkesbarre Stage, White Swan Hotel. Benezett street, N. m 37 BetheU's wharf (Sch.),0 38 Bethel Church (African Methodist), H I, q p 39 Bethel Church Burial-Groimd (African Methodist), FG.qr 40 Bible Christian Church, V W. r s List of Streets, Roads, 4*c. 243 41 Bickley's wharf, M N. t u 42 Bicldey's wharf, N O. u 43 Biddle's alley, M. s 42 Biddle & Co.'s wharf (Sch.), K. b c 44 Bidoman's wharf, V W. y z 45 Bidoman's wharf, V W. z 46 Billings' court, N O. o 47 Bingham's court, K. r s Bird's court, K. m n Bishop street, O. z Blackberry alley, K.o Black-horse alley, M. s t Blackwoodtown Stage, office Market street ferry 48 Black-horse alley, from High street, M N. q r 49 Blight's wharf, I K. u 49 Blight & Wallace's wharf (Sch.), K L. b c Blockley Burial-Ground, N O. a b Bloom alley, P Q. k 49^ Bolton's court, M. p q 50 Bolton's wharf (Sch.), P Q. b Bond street, W X. q r 50 Bcnsall street H I. n Bordenton, by New York Steam Boats 52 Boom's wharf, T U. w x Boston Row, nortli side of Chesnut, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets 53 Bowers's wharf and ship-yard, T w x 54 Bowers and Vandoosen's wharf and ship-yard, T U. x 55 Bower's wharf, S T. v w 55 Boyd's avenue, O P. n 56 Bradford's alley, H I. o p 57 Bradford's wharf, S. v w Branch street, P. r s 244 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. 58 Banner's alley, O P. q Bread street, N O. s Brewer's alley. See Wood street. 58 Bridge Co.'s wharves, M. e 59 Bright's wharf, O P. u Bridgeton Stage, office Arch street ferry Bridgeton, Millersville, Port Elizabeth, Dennis's Creek, Mount Ephraim and Chew's Landing, Reeves's, Market street ferry Bristol Stage, office Sorrel-horse Tavern, Second near Market street, and by New York lines of steam boats 60 Britton's alley, PQ.tu 61 Britton's J. wharf, P. u 62 Britton's W. wharf, P Q. u Broad street, H I. i k 64 Brooke street, S. r s 65 Brooke's court, O. t 66 Brooke's wharf, O. u Brook's wharf (S). See Swift's. Browne street (K), X. x y Browne street, S T. q r 67 Browne's coui-t, O. t 68 Browne's court (N L), R S. t u 69 Browne's wharf, V. y z 70 Brusstar's alley, U. w Bryan's alley, O P. q 71 Bryan's court, N O. p q Buckley street. See Clever alley. Buck road, B C. h 72 Buck Tavern, O P. s t Budd street, (N L), R S. t Lists of Streets, Roads, <^c. 245 Bud street (C), I K. 1 l^ Budd's wharf, R S. u v 73 Budden's alley, N 0. 1 74 Burd's alley, F G. s t Barge street, U V. r s. See Charlotte street. 75 Burton's ship-yard, D E. u v 76 Bush. Hill Hotel and Oil Cloth Factory, Q R. g h Bush-Hill street, T. a Bustleton Stage, office Sorrel-horse Tavern, Second near Market Butcher's wharf. See Howell Sf Shoemaker'' s, being the first south of it. 78 Butler's wharves. 79 Button wood alley, M N. 1 Buttonwood street, Q R. k 1 Cable lane. See New Market street. Cadwalader street, V W. s 81 Caledonian court, M N. m n 82 Callowhill street Market, P Q. q & t. Callowhill street, P Q Camac street, Y. m n 83 Camden Bank office, M N. r s Canal Line of Steam Boats for Baltimore, Chesnut street wharf Camden Steam Boats, ferries at Arch and Market streets Canal street, T U. u v Canal road, PQ.de Canal road, S T. a b Canal of the Schuylkill Navigation Company, R Canal street, Q R. a 246 Philadelphia in 1 830—1 . Carlton Square, south side of Callowhill street, be- tween Eleventh and Twelfth streets Carlton street. See part of Bloom alley. 84 Carlyle's court, K L. q Cape May Steam Boats, Chesnut street wharf Cape Island, Arch street ferry 85 Carpenter's Alley, F G. s 86 Carpenter street, L M. p 87 Carpenter's court, L M. r s Carpenter's Hall. See Carpenter'' s court. Carpenter street (S), E F. r s Carter's alley, L M. s Castle street, O P. m n Catharine street, F G. t 88 Cauffinan's court, O. s t 89 Cauffman's court, N O. r s Cedar street, H. The southern boundary of the city Centre Square, R. f g Centre Square. See Penn Square. 90 Centre alley, K L. m 90 Chambers's Church, L. k 91 Chancery Lane, N. s t Charles street (P. T), PQ.no. Charles street (V,) T. f g Charlotte street, S T. r s Cherry street (C), N O Cherry street (K),W.y Chesnut street, L M Chester street, O. o 92 Children's Asylum, D E. q 93 China street, D E. t 94 Christ Church Burial-Ground, M N. q r. 95 Christ Church and Burial-Ground, M N. s t List of Streets, Roads, c^c. 247 Christ Church Hospital, ^ee Widow's Asylum of Christ Church. Christian street, E F, t Church alley, M N. r s Church street, B. t u Circus. See Washington Circus. Citizen's Line of Steamboats for New York, Arch street wharf Citizen's Canal Line of Steamboats for Baltimore, Arch street wharf City Clerk's office, ^ City Commissioners' Office, v State-House. City Treasurer's Office, j City Dancing Assembly Room. See Washington Hall. City Hall. See State-House. City Hospital, S. f 96 City Hotel, N. r s 96 City Public Burial-Ground, or Potter's Field, U. c 97 Clapier and Cuthbert's wharf, H I. u 98 Clare alley, O P. k 1 99 Clarkson school-house, N O. p q Clawges's court. See Pennsylvania Avenue 99 Claypole's wharf (Sch.), H I Clifford's wharf. See Smith''s. Clifton Street, G H. m n Clinton Square, south side of Chesnut, between Broad and Schuylkill Eighth Clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions, \ Clerk of the Mayor's Court, > State-House Clerk of the Orphan's Court, j Clever alley, IK, p ({ 248 Philadelphia in 1030—1. Clover street, L M, 1 100 Clymer's alley, G. p q Coates's alley, O P. s t 101 Coates's Burial-Ground, S T. r s 102 Coates's court, P Q. t Coates street, T. k 1 103 Cobb's court, T. r 105 Cohocksine Presbyterian Meeting-House, Y. qr 106 Colhoun's wharf, M N, t u College Avenue, M. n College of Pharmacy. See German Hall. Colonnade Square, south side of Chesnut between (Sch.) Seventh and Eighth streets Columbia and Philadelphia Rail Road. See Map. 106 Columbian Garden and Theatre, M N. k 1 107 Combined Mission-House and Burial-Ground,UV.t u 108 Commercial Bank, L M. r s Commissioners' Hall, (city and county.) See State House. 109 Commissioners' Hall (S), E F. s t 110 Commissioners' Hall (N L) R S. r s 111 Comptroller street, I K. s Congress HaU Hotel, 272, L M. r s Combe's alley, N. s t Connerd's Court. See next to Philadelphia Hotel. 112 Cooper's court, NO. s t 113 Cooper's court, (N L) S. t u 114 Cope's wharf, L. t u 115 Cordwainers' alley, H I. n o 116 Coulter's wharf, E F. u v Council Chambers (Select and Common). See State House. List of Streets, Roads, S^c, 249 County Commissioners' Office, County Court-House Office, County Treasurer's Office, \ State-House Court of Common Pleas, Court of Quarter Sessions Courtland Street, N. g h 117 Covenanter's Church and Burial Ground, M. m n Covenanter's Church Burial-Ground, H I. p Cox's alley, G H. s t 118 Cox's wharf, L M. t u Crab street. See Apollo. 119 Cramp's wharf, W X. z Cresson's alley, N O. p q 120 Cresson's court, N O. q Crooked Billet wharf. See Cox's. Crown street, O P. q r Crown street (K), V. w Currant Alley, K. m n 121 Custom-House, K L. s t 122 Cuthbert's wharf, (N L) R S. u v 123 Cuthbert's wharves, H I. u 124 Cypress alley, I K. r s Dam of Fairinount Water Works, R S 125 Davidson's wharves (Sch.), I K. b 125 Davis's alley, L M. k 1 Davis's alley. See Duncan Burial-Ground. 126 Dawson's court, L M. r s Dean street, K. 1 Dean Street (K), V. v w 127 Dean's alley, I K. o Debtor's Apai:tment. See New Jail. Decatur street, M. p W 250 Philadelphia in 1830—1. 128 Delaware Insurance Office, L. s t 129 Deval's court, P Q. s Dickson street, B C. u Dilwyn street, Q R. r s 130 Dispensary and Health Office (C), L. g r 131 Dispensary, Northern, R S. t 132 Dispensary, Southern, G H. r s District Court, State House Dock street, K L. s t. See Little Dock. Donaldson's alley (P), E. c 133 Donaldson's wharf and mast shed, G. u 134 Donaldson's wharf and mast shed (K), T U. w Donaldson's alley (C) t u Dover Stage, office Indian King,Market andThird st Downington Stage, office 284 Market Street Doylestown Stage, office Third above Race Drawbridge, Public Landing, K. t u Drinker's alley, N O. s t 135 Drinker's court, I. s Dugan's wharves. See HollingswoHli's. Duke street, R. s t Duke street (K), W X. v w 136 Duncan's court and Burial-Ground, G H. r s Dunton's rope walk, W. u v East street (C), L. d East street (S), A. w x 137 East alley, N 0. 1 m Easton Stage, office White Swan and Rotterdam Hotel, Fourth above Race i 38 Ebenezer Church and Burial-Grouiid, F. r s 1 39 Eckfeldt's court, M N. q Eighth street, o p Eighth street (Sch.), i. List of Streets, Roads, <^c. 251 140 Eighth Presbyterian Church and bui-ial-Ground, I K. r s Eighth Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground. See Duncan'' s, Sfc. 1 41 Elbow alley, I. p q 142 Elbow lane, L M. r s Elbow lane. See WalVs Elbow. Eldridge and Brick's wharves (Sch.), I K. b Eleventh street, m 1 43 Eleventh Presbyterian Church and Burial-Ground, P.l Elfreth's alley, N O. s t Elizabeth street, I K. p Elizabeth street, T U. p q Elm street, Y Z. z 143 Elmslie's alley, K L. s t Elmyra's row runs east from Thirteenth street near Vine 144 Emlen's alley, I K. q 145 Emlen's court, Q R. t u 146 Emlen's wharf, R. u v Erie Stage, office Red Lion Inn, 200 Market street 148 Ettris's court, O. q Evangelical Reformed Church. See Reformed Dutch Church. Evangelical LutheranCongregation. SeeStMatthews. 149 Evans's court, O P. pq 149 Evans's wharves (Sch.), P. b c Exchange CofFee-House. See Merchants, 150 Eye and Ear Infirmary. M. o p Fair Mount Water Works. R. a Fair Mount street, Q. b 252 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Fair Mount Weigh Lock, R. See Canal. Fair Mount stage. White Swan Fairview street, Q R. f g 151 Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, L M. q r 152 Farmer's row, K L. s t Fayette street, N. n 155 Fearris's court, O P. t u 156 Federal alley, D E. c Federal street, D Ferry road, N O. a 157 Fetterlane, NO. r s 158 Fifth Presbyterian Church and Burial-Ground,N O. mn Fifth street, q r Fifth street (Sch.), g Filbert street, M N 159 Fire Association and Insurance Office, N O. p 160 First African Baptist Church and Burial-Ground, OP o 161 First Baptist Church of Second street and Burial- Ground, N. s 161 First Baptist Church, Spruce street, I K. q r 162 First Presbyterian Church, K. p 163 First Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, M. s. Also, see third Presbyterian Church and Burial, ground First Presbyterian Church, Northern Liberties, See Presbyterian (N. L.) First Presbyterian Church Northern Liberties Bur- ial-Ground. See Presbyterian Church. 163 First Presbyterian Church Southwark, F G. s 164 First African Presbyterian Church, G H. p 165 First Reformed Dutch Church, O P. q r List of Streets, Roads, 6^c, 253 166 First Reformed Dutch Church Burial-Ground, N O. m n Frst Universalist Church. See Universalists. Fisher's wharf. See Maul and Co. l€6i Fisher's wharf, G H. u v Filler street, Y Z. t Fitz water street, G. p q Fleet street, Q R. u v 167 Flint's court, N. o 168 Flintham's wharves, O P. u v 169 Flower's alley, S. t 170 Flower's wharf, G H. u v 171 Fon's wharf, W X. z 173 Fourth Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, H I.l 174 Fourth Presbyterian Church, H I. q r Fourth street, r Fourth street (Sch.), f g 174 Four Nation's Hotel (Sch.), S. ab Francis's lane, S Francis street (V), T. g Frankford road, U V. v Frankford Stages, offices Second above Market, and Second above Race 175 Franklin Institute, M, p Franklin square, O P. p Franklin street, O P. o p FrankUn street (K), V. r s 175 Franklin place, M. r s 176 Free Friends' Burial-Ground, K. q 177 Free Friends' Meeting-House, N. q 178 Friends' Aims-House, K L. r s 179 Friends' Arch street Meeting-House and burial Ground, N. r s W2 254 Ph iladclphia hi 1830—1 . 180 Friends' Keys' alley Meeting and School-House, OP.t V 181 Friends' Meeting- and School -House, I, s t 182 Friends' Meeting-House (N. L), R S. r 183 Friends' Twelfth street Meeting-House, L M. 1 m 183 Friends' Cherry street Mceting-House, N O. q r 184 Friends' Western Burial-Grouad, N O. h 185 Friends' Burial-ground, E. r 186 Friends' Academy, L M, r s 187 Fries's wharf, K L. t u 188 Fries's court, M N. m 189 Fromberger's court, N. a Front street, t Front street (sch.), d c Fuller's alley, F G. t u Fulmers's lane, T. b c 190 Gaol (state) Work-House, K T.. p q. See Neitj Jail and Penitentiary. 191 Galbraith's court, F G. s Garden street, P Q. ri o 192 Gardener's wharves, L M. t u 192 Gardener's wharf (Sch.), M. b 193 Garrigues's court, O P. p q Gaskill street, H I. q r 194 Gaw's court, N O. t George alley, O P. h George street, L. See Little George. George street. Little (C), L M. p George street (N, L), U V. q r George street (S), G H. s George street (V), TJ. f 195 German Reformed, or Calvanist Church, O. r List of Streets, Roads, S^-c 255 196 German Reformed, or Calvinist Bii rial-Ground, OP. p 197 German Reformed orCalvinist Burial-G r()und(Sch.), NO. gh 197§ German Reformed Calvinists'Chvircb, RS* — Burial Ground, 197^, U V. u v 198 German Hall, M. o p 199 German Lutheran Academy, S T. s 200 German Lutheran Burial-Ground, O P. o p 201 German Lutheran Burial-Groimd, N O. q r 202 German Lutheran Free School, N O. r German street, F G. s. See Little German. Germantown road, U. t Germantown Stage, offices Third above Market, and Third above Race street 203 GiUes's alley, H I. q 204 Girard's Bank, L M. r s 205 Girard's vi'harves, M N. t u Girard's row, north side of Coates's street, from Old York road to Sixth street 206 Glass-House (Sch.), H. b 207 Glass-House (K), W X. z Globe Mill cotton spinning factory, V. s Goddard's alley. See Holme'' s. 208 Goforth alley. L M. s 209 Golden Swan Tavern, N O. r s 210 Goodwater alley, K L. o p 211 Graff's alley, O. t 21 1 Grace Church (Episcopal), P. m n Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. See Masonic Hall. Grape alley (V), V. g Grape alley (C), L M. o 212 Gray's alley, L M. s t 256 Philadelphia in ISSO-^l. 213 Gray's court, ST. tu Gray's Ferry road, D E. a Great Egg Harbour Stage, office Market street ferry Green street, V. s 214 Greenleaf 's court, M. q r 215 Green's court, I K. q r Green street, R S. k 216 Green street V W. s Greenwich street and road, A B. t u 217 Grindstone alley, M N. s 218 Grisel's alley, G H. q Guardians of the Poor, office State House Habacker street, O P. h Haddonfield Stage, office Reeves's Market st ferry 219 Haines's wharf, Q R. u v Hamilton street, Q. c 220 Hamilton's wharf, K. u Hanover street, V W. x 221 Harmony court or street, L. r s 222 Harmony court, O P. t 223 Harman's wharf (Sch.), K. b c Harper street, U P. 224 Harper's alley, K L. t u Harrisburg Stage, office White Swan and Western Hotel Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Erie, Reading, Pottsville and Northumberland United States Mail, office, Red Lion Hotel, 200 Market street 226 Harris's court, M. s t 227 Hart's court, P Q. t Hartung's alley, M N. a 228 Hause's court, NO.no List of Streets, Roads, <^c. 257 Haydock street, T U. u 229 Hay. market, Q R. p. 230 Hay-market and scales (N. L), R S. q 231 Hay-scales (N. L.), T U. u 232 Hay.scales(S),EF. St Hayter's rope walk, W X. r s 233 Hazlehurst's court, M. n Health Office and Dispensary. See Dispensary. 234 Hibbert, Flowerist, &c., H. 1 Heiskill's Hotel. See City Hotel. Hewett's wharf (Sch.), H I. b. See Vanliers''s. Hill street, RS.fg 235 Hewson street, X. y z 236 Hill's wharf (K),W.z 237 Heyde's court, N. n o High street, M N Hinkle &, Myers's court. See Myers's SfC. couii. 238 Hodge's wharf, N O. t u 239 Hoffman's alley, N O. q 240 Hoffman's wharf, W X. q 241 Holmes' alley, P. s t Holmesburg Stage, office Sorrel Horse, Second above Market street 242 Holingsworth's wharves, I K. u 243 Holy Trinity Church and Burial-Ground, German Roman Catholics, I K. p q Hoope's wharf, (Sch.) ^ee BligJiVs Sf WaMis's Hoover's rope walk, E. s 244 Hoover's wharf, S T. v w Hope street, V. u 245 Hopkins's alley, U V. t 246 Horse-market, M. k 1 Hospitals. See Pennsylvania^ City, Sfc, 258 Philadelphia in 1830—1. House of Refuge, T. i Howard street, T. i 247 Howell & Shoemaker's wharf, N. u 248 Hozey's now Shober &l Bunting's wharf, F. u v 249 Huddell's wharf, F G. u v Huddell's court. See HuddeVs wharf. 250 Huddell's wharf, F G. u v 251 Hudson's alley, L M. r s Hudson's lane, F. p 252 Humphrey's wharf, F G. u v 253 Humphrey's wharf, D E. u v Humphrey ^ Co.'s wharf (Sch.) See WetherilVs. Huntington Stage, office White Swan 254 Hunter court, M n. m n Hurst street, H I. q 255 Hutton's court, H. p 256 Imlay & Pott's wharf, M N. t u 257 Increase court, L. n Independence Square, L. q Independent Tabernacle. See Seventh Presbyterian Church. Infant Schools of Philadelphia, city and suburbs : North Thirteenth st, near Vine, next to Nazareth Chiirch. Spruce street above Front, south side. College Avenue, south Tenth street, below Market. Gaskill street, below Fourth, south side, (colour- ed.) Commissioner's Hall, Southwark, south Se- cond street. Apple street. Northern Liberties, near Coates. Oak street, Kensingtion. Penn Township, north Sixth street, under the Presby- terian Church. Spring Garden, adjoining the se- cond Reformed Dutch Church. List of Streets, Roads, S^c, 259 Irish Tract lane, D. h 258 Indian Queen Hotel 258 Jackson's court, P n Jacoby street, N 0. 1 Jacoby square, between Twelfth and Thirteenth, and Arch and Race 259 James alley, O P. o James street, Q. k Jail. (Walnut street), 190, K L. p q Jail. (Arch street), N. i k Jarvis's lane, B C. t Jefferson row, south side of Lombard, between Ninth and Tenth streets 261 Jefferson avenue, L. i k 262 Jefferson Medical College, M. n 262 Jews' Burial-Ground (K), W.v 263 Jews' Burial-Ground (C), J K. o 264 Jews' Synagogue, N O. r s 265 Jews' Synagogue (German), M N. r s 266 Jones's court, H I. p q 267 Jones's alley (N. L),'S. t Jones's alley (C). M N. s t Jones's alley, M N. g Jones's wharf. See Brighfs. John street, P. p 268 Johns and Leonard's wharf, Q R. u v John's street, E. t Johnson's lane, C D. r 269 Johnson's wharf, I K. u Johnson's rope-walk. B C. u 270 Johnson's court, R S. t u 271 Joint alley, L M. i k ^^^ 260 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. 273 Jones's wharf, O P. u Julianna street, P. q 274 Juniper alley, M. m n 275 Juniper lane, M. m n Juniper street, k 1 Kaighn's point ferry, South street ferry Kelley's avenue. See next to Elmyra row. Kelley's alley. See Davis's. 276 Kennedy's wharf, T. w 277 Kensington bank, T. v 277 Kensington Burial-Ground, Y. w 278 Kensington market, T U. v Kensington Methodist Church. See Methodist Church, Kensington. 277 Kensington Post Office. See near Kensington Bank. Kensington Presbyterian Church. See Presbyterian Church Kensington. Kerr's rope- walk, V W. u v 279 Kessler's alley, R S. r Keeler's lane, A. t Key's alley, O P. s t 280 Keyser &, Gorgas's wharf, Q. u v 281 Knight's and Moore's courts, NO.no Knoodle street, K N. h i 283 Knorr's wharf, PQ.u 283i Kugler's court, O. r Kunckel street, P Q. r s 284 Letitia court, M. s t 285 Lambert street, O P. k 1 Lancaster street, O P. 1. See Montgomery street. Landreth's Botanic Garden, DE.de List of Streets, Roads, <^,^c. 261 Lancaster & Pittsburg Stage, office Western Hotel 286 Latimer & Murdock's wharf, N O. t u Laurel street, K. s Laurel street (N L), T. s t Lawrence street, P. o p 287 Laurence wharf (Sch.), H. a b 287 Lebanon Garden and Tavern, H. n Lebanon street, F. n 288 Lehigh Coal Company's Dock (C), Q. u. and (K), W X.z 289 Leib alley, O P. n o 290 Leiper's wharf, PQ.U 291 Lemon street, O P. o Leopard street, U V. u v 292 Lewis's alley, G H. p q Leeds' Point Stage, office Reeves's, Market street Ferry 294 Liberty alley, R. t u 295 Library, Philadelphia, L M. q r Library street, L. q r 296 Leiper's court, N.m Lily alley, R. s Lippincot's wharf. See next to Hoover's. 297 Little's court, F G. s t 298 Littleboy's court, N.s 299 Little Dock street, I K. s t Little George street. See George street. Little German street. See Mead alley, 300 Little Oak street, G H. q Little Pine street, H I. o p Little Washington street, D. s t Little Water street, H 1. 1 u Locust street, K L. e X 262 Philadelphia i/i 1830— 1. Lodge alley, L M. o p ^ Lodge avenue runs north from Lodge street Lodge's wharf. See Robins^s, 451. 301 Lolar's court, Q R. t u Logan square, O P. f g Logan street, R. o Lombard street, H I. Lombard street alley. See foot of Lombard street. Long lane, A. d e Lower Greenwich Stage, office Arch street Ferry Long wharf. -S'ee Bickley^s. 304 Loxley's court, N O, r 305 Loxley's court, I K. s t 306 Lyndall's alley, KL.l 307 Magdalen asyluin, O. e 308 Magnolia street, Q. q 309 Maiden's row, F G. s t Maiden street, T U. u Mail Stage Office, Third street, near Chestnut 310 Malt alley, O.p 311 Mansion-House Hotel, K. r s Manyunk Packet Boat, office "White Swan, and Stage office, Dear borne Waggon, Race, between Fourth and Fifth 312 Maple street, O. o Marble street M. m n 313 Marble court, K L. k 314 Margaret alley, 0. 1 Margaretta street, Q. t Maria street, S T. q Marine Insurance Office. Sec United States, next door east. List of Streets^ Roads, (Sfc. 263 315 Market-house in High street, (with fish market) M. o u. See Neio Northern Liberties, Callowhill, Kensington and Wharton. Marine railway, E F. u 316 Mariner's Church, L.tu Market street. See High. 317 Market street wharf and ferry, M.t u Mark's lane, N. O. m Marlborough street, V. w x 318 Maris «fc Evan's wharf, L M. t u Marriot's lane. See MerreVs. 319 Marshall's alley and Bell's court, K. q r Marsh street, S T. u 320 Mary's alley, H I. pq Mary street (K), Y Z. v w Mary street (S), D E. t Mary street (C), K. c d 321 Masden &l Bunker's wharf, L M. t u Masonic Hall, 359, L M.o p Masters's street, W X. s t 322 Matlack's court, I K. t 323 Maul «fc Co.'s wharf, Q R. u v Mayor's court and office. See State House, 323 McAran's Botanic Garden, N. g 324 M'Cloud's court, O. q r 325 M'Culloch's court, O P. t 326 M'Ginnes's court, H. t M'Leod's rope- walk, C. u 327 M'Mullen's wharf, E F. u v Mead alley, F G. t Meadow street, A. u v 328 Mechanics' Bank, M. r s Mechanic street, OP.no 264 Pldladelplua in 1830—1. 328 Medical Institute, K L. m Melon street, S T. k 1 329 Menonist's or Dunkers' Church, P Q. q r 330 Mercliant's coffee-house, L. s t Mercantile Library. See Sunday School Union. 331 Meredith's court, R. q Merritt's lane, E F. q r Mercer street, K L. m 333 Methodist Church (K), V. w x Middle alley, I. p Miller's alley, O P. i k 333i Miller's alley, K. p q 334 Miller's court (C),0 P. r s 335 Miller's court (C), I K. q r 336 Miller's court (NL), RS.t 337 Miller's court (NL), Q R. s t Milton Stage, office White Swan Minor street, L M. q 338 Mintzers's court, P Q. s t 339 Mint of United States, N. p. New building, L M. k 340 Mint court, N O. o 340 Molier street, R S. b c Moore street, A. v w Montg-o-iiery street, O P. 1 Montgomery square, south side of Sassafras, be- tween Tenth and Eleventh streets Mont Rose Stage, office White Swan Moorstown Stage, office Reeves's, Market st. Ferry Moravian alley. See Bread street. 341 Moravian Burial-Ground, P. o p 342 Moravian church, O. s 343 Morgan's court, P. m Morris street, QR.be List of Streets, Roads, <^c. 265 Morris street, A B. v Morris's rope-walks, B C. u 344 Morris's wharf, K L. u 344 Morris and Johnson's wharf, (Sch.) L. c 345 Morton's wharf, K L. u 346 Mount Sion or Christian Church and Burial-Ground, F.pq Mount Holly Stage, office Arch st. Ferry Moyamensing road, A. r s 347 Moyamensing Aims-House and Burial Ground, F G.i Mud lane, Y Z. r 348 Mulberry court, M N. p q. Now St. James's st. Mulberry street, NO.de Museum (Peale's, or Philadelphia). See Arcade. 349 Musical Fund Society's Hall, K L. o Mutual Burial-Ground, D E. p q 350 Mutual Assurance Company, K L. s 351 Myers and Hinckle's court, O P. p q 352 Myer's court, O P. r s 353 Naglee's wharf, R S. v Navy Yard, C D. u Naval Assylum. See United States. National Hotel, 417, L M. r s Nazareth Stage, office White Swan 354 Nazareth Methodist Meeting-House, O P. k I New Alms-house (Sch.), G H I. a New Alms-house wharf, (Sch.) H. a Nectarine street, Q R. n New Egypt Stage, office, Reeves's Market st. Ferry New Hope and Lambertville Stage, office Sorrel horse, Second above Market. X2 266 Philadelphiain lSSO—1. 355 New Bank street, L. s New Basin of F. M. Water Works. See Reservoirs. New Jail, for the confinement of debtors and va- grants, and prisoners before trial, N. i. See Gaol. 357 New Market street Baptist Church and Burial- Ground, R.t 358 New Market, H I. s t New Market street, P Q. t 359 New Masonic Hall of the Grand Lodge, L M. o p New York Coal Co.'s wharf (Sch.), See PhanizCo.^s. New street, O P. r New Water Works. See Fair Mount, Sfc. New York Mail Stage, office Third near Chesnut New York Stage, opposite City Hotel Niagara Stage, office White Swan 362 Nicholson street, O. p 363 Ninth Presbyterian Clmrch, M N. k 1 Ninth street, n o 364 Nixon's wharf (Sch.), Q. a b 365 Nixon's wharf, I. u 365 Nixon and Biddle's wharf, (Sch.) P Q. b Noble street, Q. n o 366 Nonnatere's court, N. ni n 367 Norman alley, O P. k 1 Norris's alley, L. s t Norris street, X Y. z Norris's rope-walk, V. t Norristown Stage, office Dearborn Waggon Inn, Race above Fourth 368 Norris's wharf, V. y z 369 North America Bank, L M. r s 370 North America Insurance office, K L. s t 370 North American Coal Co.'s wharves (Sch.), I K. b List of Streets, Roads, ^c. 267 371 Northern Liberties Bank, P. s 372 Northern Liberties Market, «&c. S. t 373 Northern Liberties Watch-House, R S. st Northern Dispensary. See Dispensary, SfC. North Alley, M N. q North Street, O P. m n North Wharves, north of Market street, to Vine Nuskey's rope walk, V. v Northumberland stage, office White swan Oak street (C), M. i k Oak Street (N L), Q R. u Oak street (S), G H. q r. See Little Oak. 374 Odd Fellows' Hall, K L. q 374 Ogden's alley, L M. h i 375 Ogilby's wharf and ship-yard, G. u v 376 Ohio street, 1. 1 m 377 Old College, N. q r Old Court-House. See Watch-House. 378 Old Ebenezer Church, F G. st Old Roman Catholic Church. See St. Joseph's. Old York Road, P Q. r Olive street, M. k Orange street, K. o p Orange street, (K), Y. v w ■381 Orphan's Assylum, N O. g .382 Osborne's court, L. o Oswego Stage, office White Swan Otter street, U. t u Oxford street, X Y. u v Pagoda. S. b c Palmer street, W. x y 268 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Palmyra square, north side of Vine street, from Tenth to Eleventh streets. Paper alley, N. k Parham's alley, FG.tu Parke street, P Q. fg Parker's wharf. See Kennedy^s. I Parker's Botanic Garden, E. m Paschall's alley, R S. q r Passyunk road, B C. m n. This is the division line between Moyamensing and Southwark. 384 Patent floor-cloth factory. See Bush Hill. Peach street. See Taper Alley. Peale's Museum. See Museum. Pearl street, Q R. a b Pearsol's rope-walk, C D. u Pear street, K L. s Pegg street, PQ.no 386 Pemberton's alley, O P. r s Pemberton Stage, office. Reeve's, Market st. ferry Penington's alley. See Crown Street. Penitentiary, ST.de Penn street, G H. t u Penn street (K), S T. v 386 Penn Township Bank, P Q. p Penn square, M. k 387 Penn Township post office, P Q. m n 387 Pennsylvania Avenue, and Clawges's court, O P. q 388 Pennsylvania Bank, L. s t Pennsylvania Hospital, I K. n o 389 Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dimib, I K. ik 390 Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company, L M- q 391 Pennsylvania Insurance Office, K L. s t List of Streets, Roads, cfc. 269 392 Perkenpine court, S. t 393 Penrose's wharves, F G. u v 394 Penrose's wharf, F. u v 395 Penrose's wharf, G H. u Permanent bridge, M N. b c 396 Perot's wharf, M N. tu Perry street, H 1. 1 397 Peter's alley, ST. r Peter street, O P. 1 398 Petticoat alley, S. rs Pewterplatter alley. See Joneses alley. 399 Pfeiffer's alley, P Q. s t 400 Pfeiffer's court, U V. s t Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science, L M. 1 m (2). See Academy of. 401 Philadelphia Bank, L M. r Philadelphia Baths. See Bath House. Philadelphia Botanic Garden. See APArran's. 402 Philadelphia Contributionship for insiurance from loss by fire, K L. t 402 Philadelphia Cemetery, G H. n Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. See German Hall. 403 Philadelphia Insurance Office, K L. s t 404 Philadelphia Hotel. N O. s t Philadelphia Museum. See Museum. 406 Philadelphia Society Charity-School, L. p 407 Philosophical Hall and Atheneum, L M. q. See State-House. 408 Phoenix Insurance Office, K L. s t 408 Phoenix Insurance Company's wharf (Sch.), KL. b c Phoenix street, V W. u 409 Pine Alley, H. r s 270 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Pine street, I. 410 Pink alley, O P. n Pittsburg Stage, offices White Swan and 200 Mar- ket street. Pitt street, T U. s Pleasant street, Q. m n 411 Pleasant avenue, H I. o p 412 Plum alley, K L. m n 413 Plum Alley (M), G H. q Plum street, G. s Point road (S). See Greenwich. Point-no-Point road. See Queen Street (K). 414 Pollard's alley, T U. t Poplar alley. See Apricot Alley. Poplar Lane, S T. t Port Elizabeth Stage, Reeve's ferry, Market street. Probate of Wills, office State House. 415 Portland lane, I K. p q 416 Port Warden's office, K L. t 417 Post office, L M. r s Potter's Field. See City Public Burial- Ground. Pottsville Stages, offices White Swan, next door east and 200 Market street Powell street, I K. q Powell street (V). T U. g h 418 Pratt's court, R S. t u Pratt's Garden, S T. a 419 Pratt and Kintzing's wharf, N O. u 420 Presbyterian Church and Burial-Ground (K), W. x y 421 Presbyterian Church (N L), R S. s t. New building, R.q 422 Presbyterian Church Burial-Groxind, V. v w 423 Presbyterian court, H I. r Prime street, D E. s t List of Streets, Roads, <^c. 271 Prince street. V W. v w 424 Pritchett's wharf, L M. t u 425 Prospect alley, N. n 426 Prosperous alley, K. m Prothonotary of Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, of Common Pleas, and District Courts, offices State-House. Prostestant Episcopal Acad. See Episcopal Acad. Providence court, running north of Sergeant street Prune street, K L. 428 Pryor's alley, K. n o 427 Public school, north western, O. h i 428 Public school, Locust street, K L. 1 m 428^ Public school, south western, K. fg 428* Public school (S G), Q R. m 432 Public school (K),WX.v 429 Public school (Chester street), O P.o 430 Public school (Lombard street), H I. p q 431 Pubhc School (N L), QR. t 433 Public school (S) F G. r s 434 Public school (M) F Q. p q Public square, (Dock street), K. t Public square (K) T U.v Pump alley. See Baker street. 435 Quarry street, N O. r s Queen street, (C), F. t u Queen street (or Point-no-Point road), U V. v w Quince street, H 1. 1 m Quoit company's ground, S T. a Race street. See Sassafras. Rachel street, S T. t Rail roads. See explanation on the Map. 272 Philadelphia in 1830—1. 436 Randall's court, K L. n o 437 Randolph's court, O. s 438 Randolph's wharf, PQ. uv 439 Ranstead court, L M. r 440 Rapin's court, M. r s Raspberry alley, K. n 441 Raspberry lane, N O. o 442 Read's alley, H. q Reading Stage and Packet boat, and Pottsville Stage,, offices White Swan and 200 Market street Recorder's office. See State-House. Reed street, C. t 442 Reformer's Methodist Church, O. m n 443 Relief alley, L M. r s Rehef street, H I. s t 444 Reservoirs of Fair Mount Water Works, R. a b 445 Rice's wharf, V. y z 446 Richardson's court, O. q r Ridge road. See Wissahiccon. 447 Ridgway's wharf, O P. u 448 Ridgway's wharf (Sch.), P Q. b 449 Riehl's court, T U. r s Rittenhouse square, K. fg Roache's wharf. See HuddWs. Road to Falls of Schuylkill. Q R. Road to Mantau Village, Q. 451 Robbin's wharf, S T. v w Robbinson's rope walk, C. r 452 Rodgers's court Ronaldson's Type Foundry See Type Foundry. Ronaldson's Burial-Ground. See Philadelphia Ce- metry. Rose alley (N L), R.s Rose street, V W. x y List of Streets, Roads, <^c. 273 453 Rose alley (C), K L. I ra Rose street, U V. s t 455 Rowlinson's court, O P. st Rooms of the grand jury, State-House 456 Rugan street, P Q. n Runnington's wharf. See Walters^s. 457 Rush's court, IK. r 459 Salem Methodist Church, I K. 1 Sanderson and Shippen's wharf. See Shippen, SfC. Salem Steamboat, Arch street wharf Salem Stage, Reeves's, Market street Ferry 460 Sansom's alley, Q R. s 461 Sanson! street Baptist Church, L, n o 462 Sansom street Baptist Church Burial- Ground, L M. Im Sansom's row, north side of Walnut, from Seventh to Eight street Sansom's (Union) row, west side of Second, north from Willow nearly to Noble street Szinsom street, L. o Sarah street, U V. v 463 Sassafras alley, O P. q Sassafras' street, O. e Sans-Souci Hotel and Public Graden, N O. e f 464 Saunders's court, U. s 465 Savings Fund Society or Bank, L. r s Say street, O P. h i 664 Say's court, N.rs Schively's alley. See Bryan's. 467 Schleisraan's alley, T U. r s 467 Schuylkill Bank, M. p q 468 Schuylkill alley, I K. m Y 274 Philadelphia in 1830—1. 469 Schuylkill Baptising- Meeting-House, I K. c Schuylkill Navigation Company. See German Hall. 470 Scots' Presbyterian Burial-Ground^ I K. k 1 471 Scots' Presbyterian Church, L, q r Scott's alley, M. m n 472 Scott's court, S T. t u Seceders' Church. See Ninth Presbyterian. 473 Second Baptist Church and Burial-Ground, T. t 474 Second Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, N O. q 475 Second Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground (N L.), QR.q 476 Second Presbyterian Church, N O. r s 476 Second Presbyterian Church (S), E F. s 477 Second Presbyterian Church (N L), R S. p 477 Second African Presbyterian Church, L. t 478 Second Reformed Dutch Church and Burial-Ground, Spring Garden, Q. o Second Universalists' Church- See Universalists\ Second street, s t Second street (Sch.), e 479 Seits's court, O. s t Sergeant street. See Castle street. 480 Seventh Presbyterian Church and Burial-Groimd, M.qr 481 Seventh Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, N O. g Seventh street, p Seventh street (Sch.), h i 482 Sewer alley 483 Sexton's vi^harf, S. v Shackamaxon street, U V. w Shakspcare Buildings, west side of Sixth from Chest- nut to Carpenter 484 SheafF's alley, O P. 1 m 485 Shepherd's alley, N O. o p List of Streets, Roads, <^c. 275 Shepherd^s wharf. See Randolph's, 437. Sheriff's Office. See State^House. 486 Shelds's alley, K. n o Shinbone alley. See the noi-th end ofSpafford street, Shippen's hne, E. 1 486 Shippen and Sanderson's wharf (Sch.), I. b c 487 Shippen and Wynkoop's wharf (Sch.), P. b c Shober and Bunting's wharf. See Hozey''s. Shoemaker's wharf. See next to Humphry''s , (Sch.), P. be 487 Shriver's court, N O. o p 488 Shrieves and Parry's wharf, S T. v w 489 Simmons's wharf, P Q. u Simmons's wharf See Adams and Simmons's. 490 Simmons's court, P Q. t u 491 Sims's alley, L M. t u 492 Sion Church (German Lutheran) N O. r Sixth street, p q. North from Vine street is the di^ vision line between the Northern Liberties and Spring Garden, and between Kensington and Penn Township. Sixth street (Sch.), H I. g h 493 Sixth Presbyterian Church, K. p q 494 Sixth Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, F. r 495 Small aUey, H. s Small street, GH. p q Smith's alley (N L), R S. r s 495 Smith's Botanic Garden, N O. h i 496 Smith's alley (C), H I. r s 497 Smith's court, P Q. o 498 Smith's wharf, Q K- u v 499 Smith's wharf, N O. u. See Clifford's. 500 Smith's, W. T. wharf, O. u 276 Philadelphia in 1830—1. 501 Snowden and Wagner's wharf, E. u v Snyder's wharf. See south side of TJiatcher^s. 502 Sober's alley, L. r South street. See Cedar, {loharfand Ferry,), H. u South alley, M N. q Southern Dispensary. See Dispensary, &jc. 503 Southwark Bank, H. s t South wharves, south of Market street to South street SpafFord street, G H. p q 504 Spanish place, K, p 505 Spark's Shot Manufactory, E F. s t 506 Spring- Garden Meeting and School-House, Q R. o Spring Garden street, Q R. k 1 Springett's alley, H I. s Spruce street, I K. St Andrew, street, R S. e 507 St Andrew's Protestant Episcopal Church, K. o 508 St Augustine's Roman Catholic Church, O P. r 509 St Augustine's Roman Catholic Burial-Ground, S.h i 510 St Bernard's court, F G. s t 511 St George's Meeting-House (Methodist), O P. r 512 St George's (Methodist) Burial-Ground, S T. h i 513 St George's (Methodist) Burial Ground, OP. q r St George's Alley. See Bakefs Alley. 514 St James's Protestant Episcopal Church, M N. p St James's street. See Taper alley. St James's Episcopal Church Burial-Groimd. See Christ Church Burial-Ground. St James's street. See Mulberry court. 515 St John's Protestant Episcopal Church and Burial- Ground, S . s 516 St John's English Lutheran Church and Burial- Ground, O P. q List of Streets, Roads, ^c. "211 517 St John street Methodist Church and Burial-Ground U, s St John street. Q R. s St Joseph's avenue, L M. g h 518 St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, K L. r 519 St Joseph's Roman Catholic Burial-Ground, E. o 520 St Joseph's Roman Catholic Burial-Ground, E F.q r 521 St Mary's Burial-Ground, I K. k 1 522 St Mary's Roman Catholic Church and Burial- Ground, K. q r St Mary street, H I. p 523 St Matthew's English Lutheran Church, O P. r s and Burial-Ground, Q R. q 523 St Matthew's Protestant Episcopal Church, U V. f 524 St Michael's German Lutheran Church and Burial- Ground, N O, q r 525 St Paulas Protestant Episcopal Church and Burial- Ground, X L. r s 526 St Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church and Burial- Ground, I. r s 527 St Stephen's Protestant Episcopal Church, M. n 527 St Stephen's Episcopal Church Burial-Ground, N O. kl 528 St Thomas (African) Protestant Episcopal Church and Burial-Ground, K L. q Stable alley, L M. o p Stamper's alley, H L s 529 Starr alley, N O. p q 530 State Arsenal or Armory, L M. k 1 State-House, Philosophical Hall, &.c. L M. q State Prison. See Gaol. Steamboat Landings, Race, Arch, Market, and Chestnut street wharves V Q 278 Philadelphia in 1830—1. 532 Steinmetz's court (N L), R. q 534 Sterling alley, O. r s 535 Stewart's alley, O. m 536 Stewart's court, O. m 537 Stiles's wharf, R S. v 538 Stillhouse alley, Q R. t u Stillhouse wharf. See Wharton's. Strawberry alley, L M. s 539 Sturgis's court, H I. q Sugar alley, M N. p 540 Sugar-house alley. P. r s 541 Sunday School Union, L M. p 542 Summer's court, F. s Sunbury and Northumberland Stage, office White Swan Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, State-House Supreme Court of the United States, Franklin In- stitute Swanson street. A, u 543 Swanwick street, L. p q 543 Swedenborgean Church and Burial-Ground, F G. r 544 Swede's Burial-Ground, E F. s t 545 Swede's Church and Burial-Ground, E. u 546 Swift's wharf, E. u v. Now Brook's Tammany street, Q R. q r 547 Taper alley, R S.s t 548 Taylor's alley, L M. s t 549 Taylor's wharf, V W. y z 550 Taylor's court, T.tu 550^ Tees and Vannook's wharf and ship-yard, U. x Tenth street, n fi51 Tenth Presbyterian Church, L. 1 m 551 Thatcher's wharf, Q R. u v List of Streets, Roads, Sfc, 279 552 Theatre (Chesnut street), L M. p q 552* Theatre (Walnut street), L. n o Theatre (Arch street). See Arch street Theatrs. Theatre. See Columbia Garden. Theatre. See Washington Theatre. 552 Third Baptist Church and Burial-Ground, F G. s t 553 Third Presbyterian Church and Burial-Ground, I.qr 553i Third Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, E. q r Third street, r s Third street (Sch.), e f Thirteenth street, 1 Tidmash street, E F. o p Tiers and Miley's rope-walks, E. p q Timber lane, W X. o p 555 Tin alley, K L. k 557 Ton alley,. L M. t u 558 Torr's alley, PQ.no 559 Townsend's court, I K. s 559 Townsend's court from Laurel street 560 Traquair's court, M N. n 560 Trenton, by New York lines of Steamboats 560 Treaty ground of William Penn and the Indians in 1682 561 Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church and Buritl- Ground, F G. s 562 Trotter's alley, M. s Truxton's street, I K. 1 563 Trusty's court, K. p q Tuckahoe Stage, Reeves'a Ferry, Market street. Tuckerton, Little Egg Harbour Stage, office south side of Market street wharf 564 Turner's court, F G. r s Turner's Lane, Y. e f 280 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Tutor's rope-walk. See Williams^s. Twelfth street, H 1. 1 m 564 Twelfth Presbyterian Churchj H. m 565 Type Foundry, H. n o Type alley, P. k Unison alley, E F. t u 5€5 Union Hotel, M. o p 566 Union Insurance Office. See United States Insur- ance office. Union Line of Steam-boats for New York, Chestnut street wharf Union Transportation Line, Chestnut street wharf Union Burial-Ground, K n, 349 567 Union Methodist Church and Burial-Ground, M N. qr 568 Union African Methodist Church aud Burial- Ground, S. q r Union Street (C), I K. r s Union street (K), V W. w x 568 Union Glass-works and wharf, W. z 568^ Unitarian Church and Burial Ground, K. n United States' Arsenal, E F. a 569 United States Bank, L M. q r 570 United States Union and Marine Insurance Offices, L.st United States Naval Asylum, G. b c 571 United States Hotel, L M. q r 572 Uni versalists Church and Burial-Ground, H I. r (first) 573 Universalist Church, Q. q r (second) 574 Universalist Church Burial-Ground, G. p 575 University of Pennsylvania, M. n o 575 Unrick alley, S. q List of Streets, Roads, <^c, 2^1 Upper Permanent Bridge, Q R. a Upper Ferry Stage, (Fair Mount,) White Swan. 577 Vandusen's wharf and ship-yard, UV. y 577 Vanliers and Co.'s or Hewit's wharf, (Sch.) H I. ') 578 Vaughan and Haines's wharf and ship-yard, U V, x 579 Vaughan's wharf and ship-yard, U. x 580 Vauxhall Garden, L k. 580 Venango street, K. 1 581 Vaux's court, I. n Vernon street. H I. s t 582 Videl's court, L M. s t Vienna street, W X. y z Vine alley, O. h • Vine Alley. See Type alley. Vine street. The northern boundary of the city, P. d \i Vineyard street (V), T U. f Virginiarow,southside of Walnut, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets. VoUum street. See Venango. 583 Wagner's alley, N O. o p 584 Waglom's court, N O. o p 585 Walker's court, P Q. s t Walker's wharf (Sch.), K. b c. See Phcenix. Wallace street, S. k 586 Wallace's court, M N. t 587 Wall's Elbow, Q K. t 588 Wall's wharf, K.u 58.9 Wain's W. wharf, G H. u v 589 Wain's wharf, (Sch.), K. be 590 Walnut alley, N O. k 1 Walnut street, L 282 Philadelphia iii 1830—1. Walnut street Theatre. See Theatre, 591 Walter's wharf, R. u v Warden's office. .S'ee Port Wardens, 592 Warder's wharf, R. v 593 Warder's wharf, O. u Warren street, V W. y z Warren street (C), K. 1 m 594 Washington Hall, K. r s Washington Square, K L. p 594 Washington Circus and Theatre, R. q r 595 Washington Museum, M. o Washington street (S), D E. u. See Little Wash- iri^ton, Washington street (P. T), P. c d Washington street (C,) K L. p Washington street, (S. G.) R S. k I 596 Washington court, H I. p 597 Watch-House, (old Court-House,) M N. s t Watering Committee's office, State-House, Water street, t u. See Little Water. Water street (Sch.), b Water Works. See Fair Mount, Sfc. Watkin's alley. See Fetter Lane. 596 Watman and Bunting's wharf (Sch.), L M, c 598 Watman's alley, O P. r s 599 Watson's alley, K. n Weaver's street, S. q eOO Weaver's alley, K L. 1 Webb's alley, N O. n 601 Wesley Church, African Methodist, H I. p q 602 Wesleyan Methodist Church, U V. v w. and Burial* Ground, X. w 602 West alley, N O. I List of Streets, Roads, <^c. 283 Westchester Stage, office 288 Market street Westown Stage, office 18 North Fourth street 603 West's Painting, I K. o West street, X. v 604 Western Hotel, M. n o 605 West's court, P. t 606 West's C. wharf, P. u 607 West's W. wharf, P. u 608 Whetherill's wharves (Sch.), K L, c. L, c. and LM. b Wharfstreet, C.v Wharton street, C D- s t 609 Wharton's wharf, K L. u 610 Wharton's wharf, I. u 611 Wharton's wharf, E F. u v 612 Wharton Market, D. s 613 Whitaker's row, K. q 615 White Swan Hotel, O. r s 616 Whitehall street, R. u 616 White-Horse alley, N O. k I 618 Widows' Asylum, N O. g h 619 Widows' Asylum of Christ Church, N O. rs 620 Wiggins's court, N O.q 621 Wiley's court, O. m n Wilmington Stage, offiCe White Horse, Market near Third street Williamson's rope.walk, E F. u William street, P. c William street, U V. t 62a WiUing's alley, KL.r 622 Willing street, N O. d 623 Willing and Francis's wharves, H I, u Willing street (C), H I. c 284 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Willow street (N. L), P Q. q Willow street (K), Z. z 614 Willow court, I. p 6i24 Winter's court, south from Montg-omery street Wilinington Steamboat, Arch street wharf Wissahiccon or Ridge road, P Q. n 625 Whitman's alley,PQ.r 625 Wittman's court, S. s Woodbury Stage, Reeves's Ferry, Market street Wood street, P. g Wood street, (K),WX.z Woolston's court. See Johnston's. 627 Workman's court, G.t 628 Workman's wharf, G. u v G29 Wright's alley, O P. i k 630 Yohe's Hotel, M N. r Yellow Springs Stage, office 248 Market street York Buildings, south side of Walnut, between Washington Square and Eighth street 631 York court, S. t 632 York street or court, K. s 633 Zachary's court, L. s t • Zane street, M N. o p 635 Zoar Methodist Church, ST.r APPENDIX. POPULATION. Of the population of Philadelphia, previous to the year 1790, we have not many raemoiials. In 1720, the taxable inhabitants in the city and county amounted to 1195 ; in 1740, they had increased to 4850 : and in 1751, to 7100. The whole number of inhabitants in the city proper, in 1753, is stated to have been 14,563 : in 1760, 18,756 ; and in 1769, 28,042. In 1790 the first official census was taken, and from that time we have regular and authentic returns of the population. The following table, framed from these re- turns, will exhibit the progressive increase of inhabitants. City County Total. 1790* 42,520 11,871* 54,391 1800 41,220 39,789 81,009 1810 53,722 57,488 111,210 1820 63,802 72,695 136,497 The population of the city, and the adjoining districts, ap- pears by the census taken in 1830 to be as follows . City. Cedar Ward 6321 Chesnut Ward 4115 Dock Ward 5378 High Street Ward 4446 Locust Ward 7117 27.377 * The census of 1790 includes in the population of the city that of the suburbs; the subsequent censuses add the popula- tion of the suburbs to that of the county. Appendix. Brought up Lower Delaware Ward Middle Ward New Market Ward North Ward North Mulberry Ward Pine Ward South Ward South Mulberry Ward Upper Delaware Ward Walnut Ward 27377 6863 3632 7443 5796 5804 5540 3467 5364 5763 3428 Incorporated District J. Northern Liberties 28923 Spring Garden . 11141 Southwark, East 10361 do West . 10385 Kensington . 13326 Moyamensing 6822 Passyunk 1441 Townships. Blockley .... 3401 Bristol .... 1425 Byberry .... 1018 Frankfort 1637 Germantown 4642 Kingsessing 1068 Lower Dublin . . . . 2705 Moreland .... 418 Unincorporated N. Liberties 2453 Oxford .... 1502 'Penn Township 2507 Roxborough 3334 Recapitulation. City 80,477 Incorporated Districts 82,399 Townships • 26,110 80,477 82,399 26,110 Total 188, cec- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS