S&Co AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY AND EXPOSITOR THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: CONTAINING THE RADICALS AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK, LATIN, AND FRENCH, LANGUAGES? AND ALL THE GENERALLY USED TECHNICAL AND POLITE PHRASES, ADOPTED FROM THE FRENCH AND LATIN. BY WILLIAM GRIMSHAW, AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, HISTORY OF ENGLAND, &C. SECOND EDITION, CAREFULLY REVISED AND ENLARGED. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED FOR JOHN GRIGG, No. 9, N. FOURT L. R. BAILEY, PRINTER. 1826. EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit : BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the seventeenth day (L. S.) of August, in the fifty-first year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1826, William Grimshaw, of the said District, hath deposited in this Office the Title of a Book, the right whereof he' claims as Author, in the words following-, to wit; " An Etymological Dictionary and Expositor of the English Lan- « guage : containing the radicals and definitions of words derived "from the Greek, Latin, and French, languages; and all the gene- " rally used technical and polite phrases, adopted from the French " and Latin. By William Grimshaw, author of a history of the •'United States, history of England, &c." In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, in- tituled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to the Act, entitled, "An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled, 'An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies dur- ing the times therein mentioned/ and extending the benefits there- of to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 27$ PREFACE. FEW sciences are more worthy of acquirement than Etymology. Next to the being endowed by nature with a mind of acute perception, large capacity, and correct judg- ment, there is no more powerful aid, to philosophical in- quiries, than a precise understanding of the language in which knowledge is conveyed. If the terms of scientific instruction be not clearly understood by the pupil, his per- ceptions will at first be imperfect, and in the end abortive t if not fully comprehended by the teacher, his manner will betray his ignnranre • and, in place of developing his sub- ject, he will involve it ; instead of delighting, he will fatigue. The English language, of the present day, with the excep- tion of transitional and conjunctive words, is twofold. It con- sists of a dialect, which has emanated, without any material ftoange, through the Saxon, from the Gothic or Teutonic; and of another, derived immediately from the French, Latin, and Greek. The former is used by the common people, and by children, and, occasionally, in familiar discourse, by the higher classes : the latter, by the learned and polite, the philosopher and historian, the orator and statesman. The first has descended to us from the various northern tribes, who, in the fifth century, drove the Britains into Wales and Cornwall. The second, is of more recent birth. Additions from the French tongue, commenced in the eleventh cen- tury, on the accession of Edward the Confessor to the Eng- lish throne. This prince having been educated in Nor- mandy, where he had contracted many intimacies with the natives, as well as a partiality for their manners, the court of England was soon filled with Normans; who, being dis- tinguished by the royal favour, and a superior degree of urbanity, rendered not only their language, but their laws and customs, fashionable in the kingdom. The French tongue was very generally studied, and was used, in their different writings, by the lawyers. The subjection of the British people, by the Duke of Normandy, almost immedi- ately after the death of Edward, served still more to inter- mingle the continental language. William endeavoured to abolish the English tongue. He ordered that the youth should be instructed in French, that the pleadings in the supreme court should be in that language, the laws written in the same, and that no other should be spoken at the royal court. Nearly five centuries before, the Latin had been used in England, in the service of the Roman church ; but, as few of the clergy, even in the time of Alfred, (who ascended the throne in 871,) could interpret what they were repeat- ing, the English language could not then have been ren- dered more copious, by the introduction of Latin words. Its history is involved in much obscurity. Even the addi- tions, which had undoubtedly been made to the colloquial tongue, by the use of the Norman amongst the higher or- ders, are not easily discovered, or reduced to a certain date. The nobility were unlettered ; their discourse was, there- fore, not committed to writing; the poets composed their rude verses in the homely dialect of the lower classes, and the historians their chronicles in Latin. So recently as the beginning of the last century, theological disputations, as well as philosophical inquiries, were frequently written in Latin. The national tongue was not yet sufficiently digni- fied, nor sufficiently copious, to gratify the pride, or express the ideas, of the learned; nor were the readers, in any coun- try, numerous enough, to repay the expense of translating, and of printing works of that kind in their own tongue. A reciprocal means of communication was therefore adopted, which rendered the original writings of the learned, in one country, intelligible to those in every other. Each succeeding year enlarges our verbal store. Every new invention or discovery, every new modification or com- bination, requires a new word. On these occasions, the elementary parts are seldom drawn from the national stock. The scientific terms, adopted by all modern nations, are al- most exclusively constructed from the Greek or Latin. These are happily adapted to such a purpose. The ellip- tical form, required to express multum in fiarvo, much in a. small compass, would be repugnant to the mind, and un- pleasant to the ear, if compounded from the native tongue; because the ellipsis would appear too violent ; a harshness which is avoided by the use of foreign words. There is little danger (though there is some,) of mistak- ing the true signification of our vernacular dialect, — the Anglo-Saxon. That which we have been accustomed to do from our childhood, we will do, almost instinctively, right. Words, in the use of which we have had so early and long continued experience, will be thoroughly under- stood. Their various powers will be known, without a glos- sary. But this cannot be said, of the modern portion of our language. Not having been required in youth, it has been neglected ; and we are hurried from the society who speak the other, into a maturer and more refined, whose discourse is, in a great measure, unintelligible to us. Many years will elapse, before we are enlightened ; much arduous application will be used, much painful degradation suffered. Even when we conceive that we have dispelled the obstructing clouds, we are encompassed by a remain- ing mist, — by an opacity, more dangerous than complete darkness, because more deceitful. Without a previous classical education, (which is attained by few males, and scarcely by any females,) we are seriously perplexed : we know not which is the literal, which the figurative import of a word ; how far the -former may be extended, — within what bounds the latter should be confined. We have de- rived our knowledge from those who were either not com- petent, or not willing to instruct ; who have misled us through ignorance, or deceived us through design. We resemble a vessel without a pilot, which is subject to the variable directions of her crew, and, in tracing the wind- ings of the channel, is wrecked upon its banks. The best verbal pilot is Etymology. But, except to the classical scholar, this guide has hitherto been wanting. This is the first Etymological Dictionary that has ever ap- peared, of any language, founded on a minute and regular system of analysis. Each word is here resolved into its original elements. In words composed of a Preposition and a Verb, the appropriate meaning of the former, out of its multifarious significations, has been chosen, to suit its. particular application; and the latter 'has been displayed, either in its primitive shape, or the inflexion used in its combination. The same mode has been adopted with re- gard to foreign Nouns. These generally come to us through their genitive case, whilst the Verbs very frequently reach us in their participial form. The present tense of the indicative mood, I consider as the root of Greek and Latin verbs ; to which part, I have therefore referred, as the fountain head ; though, in accord- ance with academical usage, I have affixed to it the trans- lation of the infinitive. Thus, I write metreo, « to mea- sure," whilst the real meaning is " I measure;" and /ado, " to make," instead of "I make." I have also substituted the Roman Letters for the Greek, as the best suited to the simplicity of my design ; enabling the mere English scho- lar to produce the sound indicated by the Greek charac- ters with sufficient accuracy; whilst the radicals are, not- withstanding, exhibited in such a form, that a Greek scho- lar may easily find them in a lexicon, The most philosophical treatise on the derivation of English words, is the Erfsa nt^o«vro, or Diversions of Pur- ley, by Home Tooke. Had his plan embraced words de- rived from the learned languages, no occasion had offered for so inferior a philologist, as the author of the present work, to undertake this task. My labour would have been only manual. There would have been required only a ju- dicious selection, and alphabetical arrangement. But he has confined his researches, with some desultory excep- tions, to that portion of the language which is derived from the Saxon, and other barbarous dialects of the north. Se- veral inquiring minds had previously explored the remote sources of the English tongue. Junius, in the sixteenth, and Skinner in the seventeenth century, had exercised no small degree of ingenuity, in ascending the intricate wind- ings of the etymological stream : but their various deduc- tions of the same word, excite scepticism and perplexity; and their quaint subtleties, characteristic of the age in which they lived, instead of now promoting admiration, excite contempt. The dictionary of Dr. Johnson, is, by many, thought to combine etymology with definition. But, this opinion, if the work be rightly examined, will be found erroneous. Except in occasional instances, the foreign words are nei- ther analysed nor translated ; nor is the mode shown, by which the mind has compounded, or deduced them. A mere English scholar, therefore, never acquires more than the exchange of one sound for another ; but not always so much : for, as the Greek letters cannot be pronounced by him, they afford no intelligence, more lucid, than would be experienced by a Greek scholar, when staring, with stupid vacuity, at Arabic. He is informed, that cession is derived from cedo, accede, from accedo, geometry from ytco^s'/fca; information that confers no benefit, on the learned, or on the unlearned. The latter has not, by this exhibition, received a single new idea ; the former, none, of which he was not possessed before. The derivations have, in many instances, not been at- tempted by Dr.. Johnson ; and the haste in which his volu- minous work was compiled, has prevented a uniformity of system. A considerable number of phrases, wholly French or Latin, are now interspersed throughout our language. They have not been admitted into any English dictionary; yet, it is not less essential to know their meaning, than the signification of words that we have fully naturalized. These have not been excluded from the present work. There is no essay of the scientific,, nor interchange of sentiment amongst the polite, that does not require them. Every newspaper exhibits them : the lawyer employs them to elucidate his argument, the senator to adorn his oration, and the ambassador to unfold, in technical phraseology, the intention of his government. Much more might be adduced on this subject. But the author refers, for practical illustration, to the work itself. The design, he is little fearful, will be approved, — though he is less confident of the execution. A liberal critic will, however, make due allowance, on account of its peculiar difficulty, — as well from its novelty, as its intricacy; and, if he discerns, upon examination of the whole, that the author, notwithstanding some injudicious examples, possesses abi- lities competent to the design, he will pronounce a favour- able verdict, and expect that the errors of a first edition may be corrected in a second. Philadelphia, July, 26th, 1821. ABBREVIATIONS. F. French. L. Latin. G. Greek. — v. verb, *. sub- stantive, adj. adjective, prep,, preposition, part, participle. — p. part, a passive participle, sup. supine. — pos. positive, compar. comparative, superl. superlative. — comp. com- pounded. — nom. nominative, gen. genitive, dat. dative, accus. accusative, abl. ablative. — dim. diminutive* incep. or incept, inceptive. ABASE. For one'self, read one's-self. BISSEXTILE. For Kalendos Marthis, read Kalendas Martias, ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. ABA— ABL ABASE, v. To lower one'self in rank ; to perform an act of self-hu- miliation. F. abaisser ,- comp. of d, to, and bas, low. L. ad, to, and basis, the lower part or base of a pillar. ABATE, v. To lessen; to diminish; to quash. F. abattre,- L. a, from, and batuo, to beat. ABBOT, s. The chief of a convent or fellowship of canons. From the Syriac word abba, father, used also in the Greek language. ABBREVIATE, v. To shorten. L. abbrevio ,• ab, from, and brevis, short. ABDICATE, v. To resign. L. abdico,- ab, from, and dim, to declare. ABDOMEN, s. The lower cavity of the body. L. abdomen ; from abdo, to hide. ABDUCE. v. To draw away. L. abduco; comp. of ab, from, and duco, to lead, or draw. ABDUCENT, adj. A term applied to those muscles which serve to open or pull back certain parts of the body. L. abducens, part, of abduco. See ABDUCE- ABDUCTION, s. The act of drawing away; a particular form of argu- ment. L. abductio. See ABDUCE. ABERRANCE, s. Deviation. L. aberrans, part, of aberro ,• comp. of ab, from, and erro, to wander. ABERRATION, s. Act of deviating. L. aberratio. See ABER* RANCE. ABHOR, v. To detest; to hate with acrimony. L. abhorreo; comp. of ab, from, and horreo, to tremble. ABILITY, s. Power; mental efficiency. F. habikU ; L. habilitas? from habee, to have. .rlB INITIO. From the beginning. L. ab, from, initio, abl. of ini- Hum, a beginning. ABJECT, adj. Worthless ; mean ; groveling. L. abjectus, p. part, of abjido, to cast out; ab, from, andjacio, to throw. ABJURE, v. To swear not to do, or not to have. L. abjuro; comp. of ab, from, andjuro, to swear. ABLATIVE, adj. Relating to that case in grammar, which, amongst B ABL— ABS other significations, includes that from which something is taken, L. ablativus; from ablatus, p. part, ofaufero, to take away. ABLE. adj. Having ability. See ABILITY. ABLUTION, s. The act of cleansing. L. ablutio; ab, from, and lau- tus, part, of lavo, to wash. ABOMINATE, v. To hold in religious abhorrence ; to detest, in the highest possible degree. L. abominor,- comp. of ab, from or against, and ominor, to wish ill luck: omen, a presageful sign, ABORIGINES, s. The earliest known inhabitants of a country. L. aborigines; comp. of ab, from, and origo, the beginning. ABORTION, s. Premature birth; produce of a premature birth; fail- ure of design. L. abortio; from aborto, to miscarry; ab, from, and ortus, part, of orior, to rise, or come suddenly. ABORTIVE, adj. In the manner of an abortion. L. dbortivus. See ABORTION. ABRASION, s. Act of rubbing off, or of gradually wearing away frem the other parts. L. abrasio ,- abrasus, p. part, of abrado .• ab, from, and rado, to scrape, or shave. ABROGATE, v. To repeal. L. abrogo,- comp. of ab, from, and rogo, to ask, or entreat. In Rome, no law was repealed, without asking the consent of the people. ABRUPT, adj. Broken; craggy; sudden; unexpected. L. abruptus, p. part, of abrumpo: ab, from, and rumpo, to break. ABSCESS, s. A morbid cavity. L. abscessus,- comp. of ab, from, and cessus, p. part, of cedo, to retire. ABSCIND, v. To cut off. L. abscindo: ab, from, and scindo, to cut. ABSCISSION, s. The act of cutting off. L. abscissio; from abscissus, p. part, of abscindo. See ABSCIND. ABSCOND, v. To hide; to depart secretly. L. abscondo; comp. of abs, from, and condo, to hide. ABSENT, adj. Not present; inattentive. L. absens, part, of absum ,- ab, from, and sum, I am. ABSOLUTE, adj. Unconditional ; complete ; not relative ; not limit- ed. L. absolutus, (p. part, of absolvo,) perfect, accomplished. See ABSOLVE. ABSOLUTION, s. Acquittal; remission of sins. L. absolutio ,- from absolutus, p. part, ofabsolvo. See ABSOLVE. ABSOLVE, v. To free, or acquit. L. absolvo; comp. of ab, from, and solvo, to loosen. ABSONANT, adj. Not to the purpose; inconsistent. L. absonans ,• part, of ' absono; ab, from, and sono, to sound. ABSORB, v. To draw in. L. absorbeo; ab, from, and sorbeo, to suck. ABSTAIN, v. To forbear. L. abstineo,- ab, from, and teneo, to hold. ABSTEMIOUS, adj. Temperate in diet, &c. L. abstemius. See AB- STAIN. ABSTERGENT, adj. Cleansing. L. abstergens, part, of abstergeo, to wipe clean. ABSTINENCE, s. Act of abstaining. L. See ABSTAIN. ABSTRACT, v. To take from ; to separate. L. abstractum, sup. of abstraho ; abs, from, and traho, to draw. ABSTRUSE, adj. Hidden ; difficult. L. abstrusus, part, of abstrudo, to conceal ; abs, from, and trudo, to thrust. ABS— ACC ABSURD, adj. Contrary to reason. L. absurdus : abs, From, and sur* dus, deaf, hearing to no purpose. ABUNDANT, adj. Plentiful; exuberant. L. abundans, part, of abun- do; comp. of ab, from, and undo, to flow. ABUSE, s. The act of using improperly; rude reproach. L. ab, from, and usus, the custom, or practice. ABYSS, s. A depth without bottom ; a prodigious gulf. L. abyssus ; G. abussos ; a, without, and bussos, a bottom. ACADEMY, s. A place where sciences are taught. Academus, of Athens, whose house was converted into a school. ACCEDE, v. To agree to. L. accedo; from ad, to, and cedo, to yield, or go. ACCELERATE, v. To hasten. L. accelero,- from ad, to, and celero, to give speed. ACCENT, s. Manner of speaking or pronouncing ; sound given to a particular syllable ; mark of that sound. F. accent, a tune, or note \ L. ad, to, and cantum, sup. of cano, to sing. ACCEPT, v. To receive willingly; to admit with approbation. L. ac- cept um, sup. ofaccipio; ad, to, and capio, to take. ACCESS, s. Means or liberty of approaching ; increase. L. accessus ,- from ad, to, and cessum, (sup. of cedo) to give way. ACCESSARY, or ACCESSORY, s. One who, not being a chief agent in an act, connives at, or contributes to it. L. From the same roots as access,- because aiding in gaining access. ACCIDENT, s. The property or quality of any being, which may be separated from it, at least in thought; casualty; chance. L. accidens, part, of accido; from ad, towards, and cado, to fall. ACCITE. v. To call; to summon. L. accitum, sup. of actio ; ad, to, and cieo, to move. ACCLAMATION, s. Shouts of applause. L. acclamatio; from ad, to, and clamo, to call loudly. ACCLIMATE, v. To habituate to a new climate. L. ad, to, and CLIMATE. ACCLIVITY, s. Steepness, reckoned upwards. L. acclivitas; from ad, to, and elivus, a slope. ACCOMMODATE, v. To render a convenience ; to make suitable j to compromise. L. accommodo,- ad, to, and commodo, to lend. ACCOMPANY, v. To go with, as a companion; to escort. See COM- PANY. ACCOMPLICE, s. A partner in crime. F» complice; L. complex,- con, together, and plico, to fold. ACCOMPLISH, v. To complete; to execute fully. F. accomplir ; L» compleo; con, with, and pleo, to fill. ACCORD, v. To agree. F. accorder; L. ad, to, and chorda, the string of a harp. ACCOST, i'. To speak to. F. accoster; from a, to, and coU, (formerly coste) the side ; meaning, to approach. ACCOUNT, s. A computation; a narrative. F. accompt; L. con, to«> gether, and puto, to adjust. ACCOUTRE, v. To equip. F. accoutre?, to dress. ACCREDIT, v. To authorize by a written commission. L. accredo ,« from ad, to, and credo, to trust. ACC— ACU ACCRETION, s. Act of growing to another thing-, so as to increase it. L. accretio: accretum, sup. of accresco: ad, to, and cresco, to grow. ACCRUE, v. To be added to. F. accru, part, of accmitre, to increase. ACCUMULATE, v. To put one heap upon another; to heap to- gether. L. accumuk; from ad, to, and cumulus, a heap. ACCURATE, adj. Exact; very correct. L. accuratus ,• from ad, to, and cur a, care. ACCUSATIVE, adj. Relating to that case in grammar, upon which the action of the verb or preposition terminates. L. accusalivus. See ACCUSE. ACCUSE, v. To charge with a crime. L. accuso,- from causa, a cause, or trial. ACE. s. One. L. acus, a small point; or G. heis, one. ACERBITY, s. Sourness; severity. L. acerbitas,- from acer, sharp, or painful; acer is from acus, a sharp point. ACETOUS, adj. Sour. L. acetum, vinegar. See ACID. ACHE. s. Pain. G. achos, pain. This word may be derived also from the Saxon. ACHIEVE, v. To perform. F. achever: from chef, a chief; signifying to perform as a chief. ACID. s. A sour substance. L. acidus. G. akidos, gen. of akis, a sharp edge, or point. ACIDULATE, v. To make sour. L. From the same root as add, with the addition of latus, brought ; that is, brought to a state of acidity. ACME. s. The height, especially of a disease. G. akme, the point, or edge. ACOUSTICS, s. The doctrine of sounds. G. dkoustika,- from akeuo, to hear. ACQUIESCE, v. To be satisfied with, either really or apparently. L. acquiesco; from ad, concerning, and quiesco, to become quiet. ACQUIRE, v. To gain; to obtain. L. acquiro,- comp. of ab, from, and qusero, to seek. ACQUISITION, s. Act of acquiring ; thing acquired. L. acquisiiio : acquisitus, p. part of acquiro. See ACQUIRE. ACQUIT, v. To declare innocent. F. acquitter ,- L. ad, to, and quie- tus, p. part, of quiesco, to rest, or be quiet. ACRID, adj. Of a hot, biting taste; bitter. L. acer, sharp. See ACID. ACRIMONIOUS, adj. Bitter; severe. L. aaimonia, sharpness ; from acer, sharp. ACROMATICAL. adj. Belonging to profound learning. G. akros, highest, and mateuo, to seek. ACROSTIC, s. A poem, of which the first letter of every line being- taken, a particular name is found. G. akros, outermost, and stichos, a verse. ACT. s. Something done; agency; a certain part of a play. L. actus,- from ago, to do. ACTUAL, adj. Real. F. actuel. See ACT. ACUMEN, s. Acuteness of mental perception. L. acumen,- from acus. a needle, or sharp point. \CUTE. adj. Ending in a point ; of a penetrating mind. L. acuf us, from acu&\ See ACUMEN ADA— ADJ ADAMANTINE, adj. Made of adamant ; of impenetrable hardness, and great durability. L. adamantinus: adamantis, gen. of adamas, a diamond. G. adamas.- a, not, and damao, to subdue. ADAPT, v. To fit; to suit. L. adapto,- from ad, to, and apto, to fit. ADD. v. To join ; to perform addition. L. addo; from ad, to, and do, to give. ADDENDA. Things to be added. L. addendus, p. part, of addo, to add. ADDICT, v. To devote ; commonly taken in a bad sense. L. addie- tum, sup. of addico : from ad, to, and dico, to say, or dedicate. ADDRESS, s. Dexterity; petition; courtship; manner of addressing another. F. addresses L. ad, to, and directus, p. part, of dirigo: from di, signifying separation, and rego, to rule, or guide. ADDUCE, v. To offer in argument. L. adduco; from ad, to, and du~ co, to bring. ADDUCENT, adj. A term applied to those muscles which draw to- gether the parts of the body. L. adducens, part, of adduco .- ad, to, and duco, to draw. ADEMPTION, s. Taking away; privation. L. ademptio; a, from, and demptus, p. part, of demo, to take away. ADEPT. 5. One completely skilled in a particular art. L. adeptus, part, of adipiscor, to obtain. ADEQUATE, adj. Equal to ; proportionate. L. adequatus,- from ad, for, and quitum, sup. of queo, to be able. ADHERE, v. To stick ; to continue firmly fixed. L. adhsereo; from ad, to, and hsereo, to stick. ADHESION, s. Act of adhering. Adhesion is used in the natural, and Adherence in the figurative, sense. L. adhsesio ; from adhaesus, part, of adhsereo. See ADHERE. ADIEU, int. Farewell. F. d Dieu, to God; that is, "I commend you to God." AD INFINITUM. Without end. L. ad, to, infinitum, accus. of infi- nitus, endless. ADJACENT, adj. Lying near; neighbouring. L. adjacens; from ad, to, and jacens, part, oi'jaceo, to lie. ADJECT, v. To place to. L. adjectum, sup. of adjicio ,- from ad, to, and jacio, to throw. . ADJECTIVE, s. A word added to a noun. L. adjectivum ; from ad, to, inAjactus, p. part, of jacio, to throw. ADJOIN, v. To join to; to be contiguous to. F. adjoindre; L. ad, to 9 and jungo, to join. ADJOURN v. To put off to another day, or to another time of the same day. F. adjouryier ,- from a, to, and jour, a day. ADJUDICATION, s. The act of judging, or of granting something 1 by a judicial sentence. L. adjudicatio ; adjudico, to give sentence t. judex, a judge. ADJUNCT, adj. Joined to ; assistant. L. adjunctus, p. part, of ad« jungo. See ADJOIN. ADJURE, v. To impose an oath, &c. L. adjuro ,• from ad, concern- ing, and juro, to swear. ADJUST, v. To regulate; to render conformable. F. adjuster,- L. att 3 to, and Justus, right. B2 ADJ— ADV ADJUTANT, s. An assistant military officer. F. adjutant,- L. ad, to, and jutum, sup. of juvo, to help. AB LIBITUM. At pleasure. L. ad, to, libitum, the will. ADMINISTER, v, To give; to perform. L. administro. See MIN- ISTER. . ADMIRE, v. To regard with wonder, or pleasure. L. admiror,- from ad, at, and miror, to wonder. ADMISSIBLE. <«//. Tnat may be admitted. L. admissus, p. part, of admitto. See ADMIT. ADMIT, v. To let in, or grant. L. admitto; from ad, into, and mitto, to send. ADMIX, v. To mingle. L. admixtum, sup. of admisceo,- comp. of arc?, to, and misceo, to mix. ADMONISH, v. To warn of a fault; to reprove gently. L. admoneo; from ad, to, and moneo, to advise. ADOLESCENCE, s. The age succeeding childhood. L. adolescentia,- from adolesco, to grow. ADOPT, v. To receive as our own. L. adopto; from «e?, to, and opto, to select. ADORE, v. To worship with external homage. L. adoro; from ad, to, and wo, to speak or entreat. AB QTJOB BAMNTJM. The title of a writ of inquiry, to ascertain what injury may possibly be done, by the erection of a new market, &c. to another market already established. L. ad, concerning, quod, what, damnum, loss. ADROIT, adj. Dexterous; skilful; active. F. adroit; a, to, and droit, the right hand. ADSTRICTION. s. Act of binding together. L. adstrictiv; ad, to, and strictus, p. part, of stringo, to bind. ADULATION, s. Extreme flattery. L. adulatio, the fawning of a dog; ' G. skuhkion, gen. of kuon, a dog. ADULT, s. A person full grown. L. adultus, (p. part, of adoleo) growa up. AB VALOREM. According to the value. L. ad, according to, valorem, accus. of valor, value. ADVANCE, v. To go, or come, forward; to bring forward ; to give or to lend before the regular time. F. avancer,- avant, before. ADVANTAGE, s. Gain; superiority. F. avantage.. See ADVANCE. ADVENT, s. A holy season, during four weeks immediately before Christmas. L. adventus, the coming [of the Redeemer.] ADVENTITIOUS, adj. Accidental; extrinsic. L. adventitius ,- from ad, to, and venium, sup. oivenio, to come. ADVENTURE, s. A chance; a hazard; an enterprise. F. aventure,- L. adventurus, about to happen ; from advenio: ad, to, and venio, to come. ADVERB. *. A word joined to another word. L. adverbium; from ad, to, and verbum, a word. ADVERSE, adj. Opposing; hostile. L. adversus,- from ad, against, and versus, p. part, of verto, to turn. ADVERT, v. To attend to; to speak of. L. advtrto; from ad, to, and verto, t© turn. ADV— AFF ADVERTISE, v. To inform; to make public. L. ad, to, and veri\ to turn [attention.] See ADVERT. ADVISE, v, To counsel; to consult; to inform. F. miser, (formerly adviser,-) from ad, upon, and visum, (sup. of video) to see, or consider, ADVOCATE, s. One who pleads for another, or who speaks in favour of any measure. L. advocatus ,- from ad, for, and voco, to call out, or speak. AD VOLUTION, s. The act of rolling towards. L. advolutio; front ad, to, and volutus, p. part, of volvo, to roll. AD VOWS ON. s. The right of presentation to a church, or ecclesias- tical benefice. L. advocatio: ad, to, and voco, to call. AERIFORM, adj. Gaseous; having the form of air. L. a'e'r, air, and forma, shape. JEROLITE. s. A solid substance, that has fallen out of the air, as a meteoric stone, &c. L. and G. a'e'r, air. AEROLOGY. 5. The doctrine of the atmosphere. G. aer, air, and logos, a description. AEROMETRY. s. The art of measuring the air. G. aer, air, and metreo, to measure. AERONAUT, s. One who ascends in a balloon. L. a'e'r, the air, and nauta, a sailor. G. aer, and nautes. AFFABLE, adj. Accostable; agreeable in discourse. F. affable,- L. ad, to, and fabulor, to speak ; that is, an affable person is one who may be spoken to. AFFAIR, s. Business. F. affaire,- from faire, to do; L. facere, infin. of facio, to do. AFFECT, v. To influence; to pretend. L. affectum, sup. of officio, - comp. of ad, to, and facio, to do. AFFECTION, s. Love; personal attachment; state of being affected. L. affectio. See AFFECT. AFFIDAVIT, s. A declaration upon oath. L. This word is con- tracted from an expression of the common law, — adfidem dedit,- that is, he has given assurance concerning [this matter.] A FFINITY. s. Relation by marriage, opposed to consanguinity, or relation by birth ; connexion with ; resemblance to. L. affinitas; from ad, to, and finis, a boundary, or border. AFFIRM, v. To ratify; to declare. L. affirmo,- from ad, concerning, and frmo, to establish. AFFIX, v. To unite to the end ; to subjoin ; to connect with. L. affxum, sup. of affigo,- from ad, to, and figo, to fasten. AFFLICT, v. To cause pain. L. affiictum, sup. of affligo ,- from ad, against, and fiigo, to dash. AFFLUENT, adj. Rich. L. affiuens, part, of affluo,- from ad, to, and fiuo, to flow. AFFLUX. *. The act of flowing to; the thing which flows.* L» afftuxus,- from affluo: ad, to, and fiuo, to flow. AFFRAY, s. The fighting of two or more persons, in some public place, and causing terror to others. F. effrayer, (formerly effriger) to terrify. AFFRONT, v. To insult; to offend. F. affronter,- L. ad, to, and frons, the face ; meaning, to insult a man before his face. AFF— ALL AFFUSION, s. The act of pouring one thing upon another. L. qffu* sio; affurus, p. part, of affundo: ad, upon, and fundo, to pour. A FORTIORI. With stronger reason. L. a, with, fortiori, abl. of fortior, stronger. AGENT, s. One who transacts business for another; that which acts, L. agens, part, of ago, to act. AGGLOMERATE, v. To come together, as a ball. L. agglomero; from ad, to, and ghmus, a ball of yarn. AGGLUTINATE, v. To join: (used chiefly in medical language:) L. ad, to, and gluten, glue. AGGRANDIZE, v. To make great; to increase in power. F. aggran- diser,- from grand, great. L. grandis. AGGRAVATE, v. To make heavier : (used only in a metaphorical sense;) to make worse. L. aggravo; from ad, and gravo, to burthen. AGGREGATE, s. The entire; the collective result. L. aggrego, to accumulate; from grex, a flock. AGGRESSION, s. An unprovoked injury. L. aggressio,- from ad, towards, and gradus, a step. AGILITY, s. Activity. F. agiliti; L. agilitas,- from ago, to act. AGITATE, v. To shake violently. L. agito, freq. of ago, to act. AGONY, s. Extreme pain. G. agon, a struggle, or contention. AGRARIAN, adj. Relating to land. L. agrarius; from ager, a field. AGRICULTURE, s. The art of cultivating the ground; tillage. L. agricultura ,- ager, a field, and cultus, p. part, of colo, to till. AID-DE-CAMP. s. An officer who conveys the orders of a military commander. F. aide, an assistant, de, of, camp, the camp. ALACRITY, s. Cheerful speed. L. alacritas; from ala, a wing. A-LA-MODE. F. a la mode, according to the fashion. ALARM. 5. Notice of danger. F. d I' armes! (aux armes/) to arms! ALBUMEN, s. That which forms the serum of the blood, the white of eggs, &c. L. album, the white of an egg. ALCHEMY, s. Formerly signified the most abstruse part of chemistry, as the attempt to transmute common metals into gold ; but it is no longer ranked amongst the sciences. Arabic, al, the, and G. chuo, to melt. ALCHYMY. s. See ALCHEMY. ALERT, adj. Brisk; watchful. F. alerte,- L. ala, a wing. ALMS. Otherwise; or: — thus; "Donnel, alias O'Donnell." L. alias, in another manner. ALIBI. Means that the accused was absent when the crime was committed. L. alibi, elsewhere. ALIEN, s. A foreigner. L. alienus, from alius, another. ALIENATE, v. To transfer to another; to withdraw the affections. L. alieno. See ALIEN. ALIMENT, s. Food. L. alimentum; from ah, to nourish. ALIMONY, s. Legal allowance by a husband to his wife, after sepa- ration. L. alimonia; from alo, to nourish. ALIQUOT, adj. Even; without a remainder, — as 2 is an aliquot part of 10. L. aliquot; from aliquoties, certain times. ALLEGATION, s. Affirmation; thing alleged. L. allegatio. See ALLEGE. ALL— AMA ALLEGE, v. To affirm; to maintain; to declare. L. allego,- from ad, to, and lego, to impute. ALLEGIANCE, s. The duty of a subject. F. allegeance,- L. ad, to, and legem, accus. of lex, a law. ALLEGORY, s. A figurative relation. G. allegoria,- from alios, an- other, and agora, a speech. ALLEVIATE, v. To lighten. L. a//ew,- o&, from, and lew, to lift. ALLIANCE. 5. Connexion; a league. F. alliance. See ALLY. ALLIGATION. 5. The arithmetical rule which teaches to adjust the. price of compounds, formed of several ingredients of different value, L. alligatio; from alligo,- ad, together, and ligo, to bind. ALLITERATION, s. Beginning several successive words with the same letter. L. ad, and litera, [adhering] to a letter. ALLODIAL, adj. Allodial lands are those which are not held under any superior. In England, all lands are held under the crown. The etymology of this word is uncertain. ALLUDE, v. To speak of indirectly; to hint at. L. alludo; from ad, towards, and ludo, to play, — perhaps originally used respecting the episodes of a lively composition. ALLURE, v. To entice. F. d, to, and leurre, a decoy, or bait. ALLUSION. s. Indirect reference; a hint. L. See ALLUDE. ALLUVIAL, adj. Relating to alluvion; consisting of alluvion. ALLUVION, s. That which is carried by a flood; as land formed near a river. F. alluvion .- L. alluvio, an inundation of water; alluo, to flow near to : ad, to, and luo, to wash away. ALLY. s. A confederate. F. attie; d, to, and Her, (L. ligo) to tie. ALPHA TO OMEGA. From the beginning to the end: alpha is the first, and omega the last letter, of the Greek alphabet. ALPHABET, s. The letters of a language. G. alpha and beta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet. ALTAR, s. A place raised for worship. L. altare,- from altus, high. ALTER, s. To change. L. alter, another. ALTERCATION, s. Dispute. F. altercation.- L. altercatio; from alterco, to contend. ALTERNATIVE, s. Choice of two things. F. alternatif; L. alter, another. ALTITUDE, s. Height. L. altitudo,- from altus, high. ALUMNI, s. Pupils; youths who have been educated at any particular college. L. pi. of alumnus, a pupil, or foster child : from ah, to nourish. AMALGAM, s. A composition of metals. G. ama, together, and gameo, to marry. AMALGAMATE, v. To form into amalgam; to unite intimately. See AMALGAM. AMANUENSIS, s. A writer employed by an author, &c. L. ama- nuensis; from ad, in place of, and manus, a hand. AMASS, v. To accumulate. F. amasser,- L. ad, to, and massa, a heap. AMATEUR, s. A lover of any particular pursuit or system. F. ama- teur,- L. amator, a lover; from amo, to love. AMATORY, adj. Relating to love ; containing sentiments of lave. L, amator, a lover; from amo, to love. AMA— JENA AMAZON, s. One of the warlike nation of women who inhabited Caucasus; said to have cut off their right breast, that they might the more easily .use their weapons. G. a, not, and mazos, a breast. AMBASSADOR, s. A person sent, in a public .maaner, from one sovereign power to another. F. ambassadeur; L. ambio, to go about, or make interest for. AMBIDEXTROUS, adj. Expert with both hands. L. ambidexter; from ambo, both, and dexter, right-handed. AMBIGUOUS, adj. Having a double meaning ; doubtful. L. ambi~ guus,- from ambo, both. AMBITION, s. Desire of eminence. L. ambitio; from ambio, to go about, or solicit. AMBROSIA, s. Th« imaginary food of the gods. G. ambrosia; from ambrotos, immortal. AMBUSCADE, s. A hostile concealment. F. embuscade,- en, in, and bois, a wood. AMENABLE, adj. Responsible; tractable. F. amesnable; amener, to lead. AMEND, v. To reform; to correct. L. emendo; comp. of e, from, and menda, a blemish. AMENITY, s. Pleasantness; agreeableness. L. amoznitas; G. ame- nitos; a, without, and menis, anger. xi MENSA ET THORO. From bed and board ; a term used to de- note a partial divorce, distinguished from de vinculo matrimonii, which signifies a total divorce. L. a, from, mensa, a table, et, and, thoro, abl. of thorus, a bed. AMIABLE, adj. Lovely; virtuous. F. aimabk: L. amo, to love. AMICABLE, adj. Friendly; peaceable. L. amicabilis; from amo, to love. AMITY, s. Friendship; peace. F. amitie; L. amicitia: amo, to love. AMNESTY, s. An act of oblivion. G. amnestia; from a, not, and mnaomai, to remember. AMOROUS, adj. Loving; lustful. L. amor, love. AMOR-PATRIJE. The love of one's country. L. amor, love, patriae, gen. of patria, a country. AMOTION, s. A term used, in law, to denote a violent removing, or displacing. L. amotum, sup. of amoveo: a, from, and moveo, to move. AMPHIBIOUS, adj. Capable of living on land, or in water. G. am- phibious: amphi, opposite, and bios, life. AMPHITHEATRE, s. A circular or oval building; of which, the area, or pit, is reserved for exhibitions, and surrounded by seats, one above another. G. amphitheatron ; from amphi, around, and theatron,^ theatre. AMPLE, adj. Large; wide; sufficient. F. ample-, L. amplus, large. AMPLIFY, v. To enlarge. F. amplifier,- L. amplus, large, and Jio, to be made. AMPUTATE, v. To cut off. L. amputo, comp. of ab, from, and puto, to lop. AMUSE, v. To entertain; to deceive by artful management. F. amu- ser,- L. musa, a song, or poem. ANABAPTIST, s. One who opposes the baptism of infants. G. ana, again, and bapto, to wash ; because the original followers of that ANA— AM doctrine, had been christened when children, and were again bap- tized, when adults, by immersion. ANACHRONISM, s. Error in computing time. F. anackronisme ; G. ana, against, and chronos, time. ANACREONTIQ.UE. s. A poem in the manner of Anacreon, of Ionia; who wrote in Greek. ANAGRAM, s. A conceit, arising from the^ transposition of letters. G. ana, opposite to, or backwards, and gramma, a letter. ANALECTIC. adj. Selecting. G. ana, again, and lektos, collected. ANALOGY, s. Resemblance, with regard to some circumstances or effects. F. analogie,- G. analogia,- from ana, with, and logos, a word. ANALYSIS, s. Separation. G. analusis; from ana, separately, and luo, to dissolve. ANALYTIC, or ANALYTICAL. By analysis ; examining minutely. See ANALYSIS. ANARCHY, s. Want of government ; national confusion. G. anar- chia ,- from a, without, and arche, government. ANATHEMA, s. A curse, pronounced by ecclesiastical authority; excommunication. G. anathema: ana, denoting separation, and tithemi, to place. ANATOMY, s. The art of dissection. G. anatomia,- from ana, sepa- rately, and temno, to cut. ANCESTOR, s. One from whom a person is remotely descended. L. antecessor; from ante, before, and cessum, sup. of cedo, to go. ANCHOR, s. An instrument for holding a ship in a certain place. L, anchora; G. ankura, a guard. ANCHORITE, s. A religious recluse. G. anachoreo, to withdraw. ANCIENT, adj. Past; former; of great age. F. ancien; L. ante^ before. ANCILLARY, adj. Subservient. L. ancilla, a maid-servant. ANECDOTE, s. Secret history; biographical incident. G. anekdoton; from a, not, and ekdidoni, to publish. ANEMOGRAPHY. s. Description of the cause of the winds. G. anemos, the wind, and grapho, to write. ANEMOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring the power or velo- city of the wind. G. anemos, the wind, and metreo, to measure. ANEMOSCOPE, s. An instrument to show the direction of the wind. G. anemos, the wind, and skcpeo, to view. ANEURISM, s. An irregular dilation of an artery. G. aneuro, to dilate. ANGEL, s. A celestial inhabitant, or messenger. G. angelos: angelfoj to deliver a message. ANGLE. s. A term in mathematics. L. angulus, a corner. ANGLICE'. In English. L. ANGUISH, s. Excessive pain. F. angoisse,- L. ango, to strangle. ANIMADVERT, v. To consider; to observe; to censure. L. animad' verto ,• from animus, the mind, ad, to, verto, to turn. ! ANIMAL, s. A living creature. L. animal, a living creature ; G. anima, breath. ANIMATE, v. To give life ; to enliven. L. animo. See ANIMAL. ' ANIMOSITY, s. Vehement hatred. L. animositas ; from animus, spirit, passion. ANN— ANT ANNALS, s. History, in which the events are recorded in yearly succession. L. annates ,- from annus, a year. ANNEX, v. To join to; to unite. L. annexum, sup. of annccto,- ad, to, and wecfo, to join. ANNIHILATE, v. To destroy. L. ad, to, and m'^7, nothing. ANNIVERSARY, s. Yearly return. L. anniversarius ; from anni, of a year, and versus, a turning: annus and tterfo. ANNO DOMINI, or A. D. The sign of the Christian era. L. anno, in the year, Domini, of our Lord. ANNO MUNDI, or A. M. A term in chronology, referring to the creation. L. anno, in the year, mundi, of the world. ANNOTATOR. s. One who writes notes; a commentator. L. anno- tator; from ad, concerning, and noto, to mark. ANNOUNCE, v. To proclaim. L. annuncio,- from ad, to, and nuncio, to relate. JiVTVD URBIS CONBITM, or A. U. C. A term in Roman chro- nology. L. anno, in the year, urbis, of the city, (Rome,) conditse, being built. ANNOY, v. To molest ; to teaze. F. nuire, to hurt ; L. ad, to, and noceo, to hurt. ANNUAL. #o^'. Yearly. F. annuel: L. annus, a year. ANNUITY, s. Yearly allowance. F. annuite; L. annus, a year, and tYuw, sup. of eo, to go, or proceed. ANNUL, v. To make void. L. ad, to, and nullus, of no account. ANNULAR, adj. In the form of a ring. L. annulus, a ring. ANODYNE. s. A mitigator of pain. G. ana, against, and odune, pain. ANOINT, v. To rub with ointment. F. obit, part, of oindre; L. in, upon, and unctio, ointment. ANOMALOUS, adj. Irregular. G. a, without, and nomos, a law. ANONYMOUS, adj. Without a name. L. anonymus.- G. a, without, and onuma, a name. ANTAGONIST, s. An opponent. F. antagoniste: G. anti, against, and agonizo, to contend. ANTARCTIC, adj. A term in astronomy. G. anti, opposite, and arctic. ANTECEDENT, s. That which goes before. L. antecedens; from ante, before, and cedens, part, of cedo, to go. ANTEDATE, v. To date earlier than the proper time. L. ante, be- fore, and date. ANTEDILUVIAN, adj. Existing before the flood. L. ante, before, and diluvium, a deluge. ANTEMERIDIAN, or A. M. L. ante, before, meridies, noon. ANTEPENULT, s. The last syllable except two. L. antepenultima; ante, before, pene, almost, ultimus, the last. ANTERIOR, adj. Going before; previous. L. anterior, the compar. form of ante, before. ANTHEM, s. A hymn, sung in alternate parts ; any holy song. 6. anthumnos ,• from anti, opposite to, and humneo, to sing in verse, or to praise. ANTHRACITE, adj. Composed chiefly of carbon ; not bituminous G^ anthrax, a coal. ANT— APH ANTHROPOPHAGI, s. Eaters of human flesh. G. anthropos, a man, and phago, to eat. ANTICHR1STIAN. adj. Opposed to Christianity. G. anti, against, and Christian. ANTICIPATE, v. To act or think before an event. L. anticipo; from ante, before, and capio, to take. ANTIC, adj. Strange ; ridiculous. L. antiquus, ancient. ANTICLIMAX, s. A sentence, of which the last part expresses some- thing' lower than the first. G. anti, opposite to, and climax. ANTIDOTE, s. A remedy for poison. G. antidotos ,- from anti, ag-ainst, and dotos; part, of didomai, to give. ANTIFEBRILE, adj. Efficacious ag-ainst fever. G. anti, against, and L. febris, a fever. ANTIFEDERALIST. s. A person who was opposed to the tenor of the federal constitution of the United States of America. G. anti, against, and federalist. ANTIPATHY.*. Fixed dislike. G. anti, against, and pathos, feeling. ANTIPHONY. s. An echo. G. anti, against, and phone, a voice. ANTIPHRASIS. s. An expression in which the words are used in a sense opposite to their just meaning. G. anti, opposite to, and phrasis, a form of speech. ANTIPODES, s. People who live on opposite meridians, and in op- posite latitudes. G. anti, opposite to, and podes, feet. ANTIPOLOMIST. s. One opposed to war. G. anti, against, and pulemos, war. ANTIQUARY, s. A searcher of ancient things. L. antiquarius; from ante, before, and qusero, to seek. ANTISCORBUTIC, adj. Efficacious against scurvy. G. anti, against, and scorbutic. ANTISEPTIC, adj. Preventive of putrefaction. F. antiseptique : G. anti, against, and sepo, to putrefy. ANTISPASMODIC, adj. Efficacious against cramp. G. anti, against^ and spasmos, the cramp : spao, to draw. ANTITHESIS, s. Contrast in words. G. antithesis,- from anti, against, and then, to put. ANTCECI. s. People who live in opposite latitudes, on the same meridian. G. anti, opposite to, and oikeo, to dwell. ANXIETY, s. Trouble of mind, about a future event. L. anxietas; from angor, anguish : ango, to strangle. APARTMENT, s. A separate room ; a chamber. F. apartement: L. a, from, and pars, a part. APATHY, s. Want of feeling*, or of passion. G. a, without, and pathos, feeling. APEPSIA, or APEPSY. s. Want of natural concoction ; vulgarly, a heart-burn. G. apepsia,- from a, not, and pepto, to boil, or digest. APERIENT, adj. Gently purgative. L. aperiens, part, of aperio, to open. APERTURE, s. An opening. L. apertura,- from aperio, to open. APEX. s. The point. L. apex, the top. APHELION, s. That part in the orbit of any planet, which is the most remote from the sun. G. apo, from, and helios, the sun. C APH— APP APHCERISIS. s. A figure of speech, by which a letter or syllable is taken from the beginning of a word. G. aphairesis,- comp. of apo, from, and aireo, to take. APHORISM, s. A maxim; a precept contracted into a short sentence. G. aphorismos; comp. of apo, from, and orizo, to separate or define. APIARY, s. A place for bees. L. apis, a bee. APOCALYPSE, s. Revelation; the last book of the New Testament. G. apokalupto, to uncover. APOCRYPHAL, adj. Of uncertain authority. G. apo, far off, and krupto, to hide. APOGEE, s. A point in the heavens, in which the sun, or a planet, is at the greatest distance from the earth. G. apo, from, and ge, the earth. APOLOGUE, s. A kind of fable. G. apologos; from apo, far off, and logos, a discourse ; alluding to the nature of fable ; which incul- cates one thing by the relation of another. APOLOGY, s. Excuse. G. apologia,- from apo, after, and logos, a speech ; that is, an explanation subsequent to the offence. APOPLEXY, s. A general deprivation of animal sensation. G. apo- plexis; from apo, through, and plesso, to strike. APOSTATE, s. One who has deserted his former profession, either in politics or religion. G. apostates,- apo, from, and estaotos, part. ©f istimi, to stand. A POSTERIORI. From the latter; a phrase, in logic, opposed to a priori, and used in reasoning from an effect to its cause. L. a, from, and posteriori, abl. of posterior, the latter. APOSTLE, s. A person deputed. G. apostolos; from apo, from, and stelh, to send. APOSTROPHE', s. A diversion of speech, to another person or thing. G. apostrophe : comp. of apo, from, and strepho, to turn. APOTHECARY, s. A compounder of medicines. L. apotheca, a wine-cellar, or store-house : G. apo, from, and theke, a depository. APOTHEGM, or APOPHTHEGM, s. A pointed sentiment; a maxim delivered extempore. G. apophthegma: apo, without [consideration], and phihengomai, to speak. APOTHEOSIS, s. Heathenish deification. G. apotheosis: from apo, (a word of multifarious signification, ) and theos, a god. APPAL, v. To affright. F. appalir,- L. ad, at, palleo, to look pale. APPANAGE, s. An appurtenance of land. . F. apanage,- from appen- dre, to hang : L. ad, to, and pendo, to hang. APPARATUS, s. Utensils; philosophical instruments. L. apparatus,- from ad, for, and paro, to prepare. APPAREL, s. Dress; habiliments. F. appareil, furniture. See APPARATUS. APPARENT, adj. Easily seen; seeming, not real. L.. apparent, part. of appareo,- from ad, to, and pareo, to appear. APPARITION, s. An ideal spectre. L. appareo; to appear. APPEAL, v. To remove a' cause from a lower, to a higher tribunal ; to refer. L. appelh, to apply to : ad and pello. APPEAR, v. To come in view; to be apparent. L. appareo, to ap- pear; ad and pareo. APP— APR APPEASE, v. To quiet. F. appaiser,- a, to, and paix, peace : L. ad and pax. APPELLATE! adj. Appellate jurisdiction is the power of hearing appeals. See APPEAL. APPELLATION, s. A name. L. appellatio,- appello, to call; from ad, to, and pello, to strike or effect: so as to draw attention. APPEND, v. To hang or attach. L. appendo: ad, to, and pendo, to hang. APPENDIX, s. A supplement. L. appendix. See APPEND. APPERTAIN, v. To belong (with to.) F. appartenir,- L. ad, to, and perteneo, to belong: perteneo is from per, by, and teneo, to hold. APPETITE, s. Desire; keenness of stomach. L. appetitio; from ad, for, and peto, to seek. APPLAUD, v. To praise, by clapping the hands; to praise aloud. L. applaudo : ad, to, and laudo, or plaudo, to give praise. APPLICABLE, adj. Suitable; attributable. F. applicable. See APPLY. APPLY, v. To join; to have recourse (with to.) L. applico; from ad, to, and plico, to fold. APPOINT, v. To fix, or mark out. F. appointer; L. ad, to, and punctum, sup. of pungo. See POINT. APPORTION, v. To assign in just proportion. L. ad, to, and por- tion. APPOSITE, adj. Proper; appropriate. L. appositus; from ad, to, and positus, p. part, of pono, to place. APPOSITION, s. Addition of new matter; agreement of nouns. L. appositio. See APPOSITE. APPRAISE, v. To fix a price on. F. apprecier; L. ««?, to, and pretium, a price. APPRECIATE, v. To value at a just rate or price. F. apprecier. See APPRAISE. APPREHEND, v. To seize; to understand. L. apprehendo,- from ad, to or at, and prehendo, to catch. APPRENTICE, s. One who is bound by covenant to remain with an- other for a certain period, in order that he may acquire knowledge of an art or trade. F. apprenti : apprendre, to learn. APPRIZE, v. To inform. F. appris, part, of apprendre, to inform. APPROACH, v. To come near. F. approcher,- from d, to, and proche, near : L. ad, to, and proximus, next. APPROBATION, s. Approval. L. approbatio. See APPROVE. APPROPRIATE, v. To assign to some particular use. L. ad, to, and proprius, special or particular. APPROVE, v. To like; to be pleased with. F. approuver : L. ap- probo, to approve. APPROXIMATE, v. To approach. L. ad, to, and proximus, next. APPURTENANCE, s. A thing appertaining. See APPERTAIN. APRIL, s. The fourth month. L. Aprilis; from aperio, to open; because, in April, the blossoms unfold. A PRIORI. From the former; in the first instance : a phrase, in logic, opposed to a posteriori, and used in reasoning from a cause to its effect. L. a, from, priori, abl. of prior, the former. APR— ARC APROPOS. To the purpose; well-timed. F. d, to, propos, the pur- pose. APT. adj. Fit; inclined; ready. L. apfus, p. part, of apto, to fit, or adapt. APTOTE. s. An indeclinable noun. G. a, without, and ptosis, a case. AQUAFORTIS, s. Sulphite of nitre. L. aqua, water, and fortis, . (gen. of fors) of strength. AQUAREGIA. s. Nitro-muriatic acid. L. aqua, water, and regia, (fem. of regius,) royal : this mixture will dissolve gold,- hence, its princely title. AQUARIUS, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. aquarius, a water-bearer. AQUATIC, adj. Relating- to any thing that inhabits water. L. aqua- ticus ; from aqua, water. AQUAVITJE. 5. A strong spirituous liquor. L. aqua, water, vitse, of life. (It should rather be named aqua mortis, the water of death. ) AQUEDUCT, s. An artificial conveyance for water. L. aquseductus; aqua, water, and ductus, p. part, of duco, to bring. AQUILINE, adj. An. aquiline nose resembles an eagle's beak. L. aquilinus; from aquila, an eagle. ARABLE, adj. Fit for cultivation. L. arabilis; aro, to plough. ARBITER, s. A judge ; one who has the power of direction. L. arbiter, an arbitrator, or ruler. . ARBITRARY, adj. Despotic; independent of rules. L. arbitrarius. See ARBITER. ARBITRATOR, s. A judge, chosen by mutual consent. L. arbitror, to award. See ARBITER. ARBORESCENT, adj. Growing in the form of a tree. L. arbor escens, part, of arboresco: arbor, a tree. ARBOUR, s. A bower. L. arbor, a tree. ARC. s. Part of a circle. L. arcus, a bow or arch ; because these describe only part of a circle. ARCADE, s. A continued arch; a walk covered with an arched roof. F. arcade. L. arcus. See ARCH. JLRCANUM. s. A secret. L. arcanum,- from area, a chest, coffin, or tomb : secrets are hidden, as in a chest. ARCH. s. Part of a circle. L. arcus. See ARC. ARCHANGEL, s. One of the highest order of angels. G. archos, chief, and angel. ARCHBISHOP, s. A chief bishop. G. archos, chief, and bishop. ARCHER, s. One who uses a bow. L. arcus, a bow. ARCHETYPE, s. The original. L. archetypus,- G. arche, the begin- ning, and tupos, a type. See TYPE. ARCHITECT, s. A professor of the art of building. L. architectus.- G. archos, chief, and tekton, a builder. ARCHITRAVE, s. The moulding next above the capital of a column : in timber buildings, it is called the master-beam. G. arche, chief, and L. trabs, a beam. ARCHIVES, s. A place for public records; or the records themselves. L. archiva,- G. arche, a government. ARCHON. s. One of the nine chief magistrates of Athens. G. archon, from arche, a chief. ARC— ARS ARCTIC, adj. Relating to the arctic circle, or to the north. G. arktos, a bear; the name given to the northern constellation. ARDENT, adj. Hot; eager. L. ardens,- from ardeo, to burn. ARDUOUS, adj. Difficult. L. arduus, inaccessible; lofty; dangerous, AREA. s. A term in mathematics, and architecture. L. area, a va- cant place. See ARENA. ARENA, s. That part of a theatre which is left vacant for the con- tests, or sports. L. arena, sand; because the space was strewed with sand. Area appears to be derived from arena. ARGILLACEOUS, adj. Partaking of the nature of clay. L. argil- laceus: argilla, white clay, such as potters use. ARGUE, v. To reason; to dispute. L. arguo, to show or prove. ARGUMENTUM AD H0M1NEM. An argument which derives its strength from its personal application. L. argumentum, an argu- ment, ad, to, hominem, accus. of homo, a man. ARID. adj. Dry; parched. L. aridus, dry, parched. ARIES, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. aries, a ram. ARISTOCRACY, s. A government by nobles. G. aristos, best, or most eminent, and krateo, to govern : meaning, where the most powerful men govern. ARITHMETIC, s. The science of numbers. L. ariihmetica ; G. arithmos, a number. ARITHMOMETER, s. An instrument for solving questions in arith- metic. G. arithmos, a number, and metreo, to measure. ARK. s. A large chest; a vessel to swim on the water, as the Ark of Noah. L. area, a chest. — The close rooms in which meal is kept in some parts of Britain, and a species of vessels with which the peo- ple of the United States descend their rivers, are called arks. ARMILLARY. adj. Resembling a bracelet. L. armilla, a bracelet— See Ferguson's description of the globes. ARMISTICE, s. A short truce. L. armistitium ; from arma, arms, and sto, to stand. AROMATIC, ndj. Spicy; fragrant. F. aromatique: L. aroma, spice. ARRANGE, v. To place in order; to settle. F. arranger,- from a, to, and rang, a row or rank. ARREAR. s. That which is left unpaid, or not done. F. arriere, behind. ARREST, v. To seize; to stop. F. arreter: L. ad, to, and restito, to draw back: re, back, and sto, to stand. ARRIVE, v. To come; to reach. F. arriver; from a, to, and rive, a shore. ARROGANCE, s. Undue assumption; haughtiness. L. arrogans, part, of arrogo.— See ARROGATE. ARROGATE, v. To assume unjustly. L. arrogo,- comp. of ab, from, and rogo, to demand. ARROW, s. A dart. Derived, through the Saxon, from L. arundo, a reed ; because, reeds were used for arrows. ARSENAL, s. A military workshop or magazine. F. arsenal: L. ars, an art or trade. ARSON, s. The malicious burning of another's property: (used by lawyers.) arsum, sup. of ardeo, to burn. C2 ART— ASS ARTERY, s. A tube or canal which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. G. arter'w; from airo, to ARTICLE, s. A part of speech ; a particular part. L. articulus, a joint. ARTICULATE v. To pronounce distinctly. L. artkulo ,- from arti- culus, a joint, or point. ARTIFICE, s. Trick; stratagem. F. artifice: L. artificium; from arte, (abl. of ars) by art, and facio, to do. ARTIFICIAL, adj. Made by art; fictitious. See ARTIFICE. ARTILLERY, s. Missive weapons; cannon. F. artillerie,- from art, art, and tiralller, to shoot. ASCEND, v. To go upwards. L. ascendo,- from ad, towards, and scando, to climb. ASCERTAIN, 'v. To know surely. L. ad, to, and certain. ASCETIC, s. A disagreeable professor of religion. F. ascetique; G. asketekos: askeo, to vex. ASCRIBE, v. To attribute. L. ascribo,- ad, to, and scri bo, to write, or appoint : meaning, to assign an effect to a particular cause. ASPECT, s. Appearance; direction towards. L. aspectus; from ad, at, and specto, to look. ASPERITY, s. Roughness; severity. L. asperitas; from asper, rough. ASPERSE, v. To calumniate. L. aspersum, sup. of aspergo : ad, upon, and spargo, to sprinkle. ASPIRATE, s. A pronunciation formed by a full breathing ; as the letter h. L. aspiratus, part, of aspiro, to "breathe, or blow. ASPIRE, v. To desire eagerly (with to, or after.) L. aspiro : ad, to, and spiro, to breathe. ASSAFCETIDA. s. A particular drug. L. assus, unmixed, and fceti- dus, bad-smelling matter; that is, entirely fetid. This word is some- times improperly spelled asafoetida. ASSAIL, v. To assault. F. assailir: L. assilio: ad, at, and salio, to leap. ASSAULT, s. Attack; hostile violence. F. assaut, (formerly assault:) L. ad, at, and saltus, p. part, of salio, to leap. ASSAY, s. Examination. F. essayer, to try. ASSEMBLY. 5. A meeting of people. F. assemble e ,• from a, to, and semblahle, like ; meaning, resembling each other, or of equal quality. L. ad, to, and similis, like. Assembly is used in relation to persons only; Assemblage, chiefly in relation to things. ASSENT, v. To agree. L. assentio,- ad, with, and sentio, to think. ASSERT, s. To maintain, or affirm. L. assertum, sup. of assero: ad, to, and sew, to connect ; meaning, to connect words into a proposi- tion. ASSESS, s. To apportion, or tax. L. assessum, sup. of assideo,- from ad, concerning-, and sedeo, to sit; or ad, to, and cessum, sup. of cedo, to yield. ASSETS, s. Funds or property sufficient for a demand. F. assez, enough. ASSEVERATE, v. To declare earnestly. L. assevero : ad, to, and seceritas, seriousness. ASSIDUOUS, adj. Constant in application. L. assiduus: ad, at, and sedeo, to sit. ASS— ATM ASSIGN, v. To mark out ; to convey a right ;. to appoint, or depute, L. assigno,- from ad, for, and signo, to mark. ASSIGNEE, s. One to whom any thing is assigned. See ASSIGN. ASSIMILATE, v. To convert to the same nature ; to cause resem- blance. L. assimilo; from ad, to, and similis, like. ASSIST, v. To help. L. assisto: ad, at, and sisto, to continue. ASSIZE, s. Regulation: (assizes, meeting of provincial law-courts. ) F. assis, a sitting ; pi. assises : L. ad, at, and sedeo, to sit. ASSOCIATE, v. To join as a companion; to unite. L. associo: ad, to, and socius, a companion. ASSORT, v. To place in classes. F. assortir: L. ad, to, and sors, a kind. ASSUAGE, v. To mitigate; to ease. L. ad, to, and suadeo, to per- suade, or counsel. ASSUASIVE. adj. Softening. L. ad, to, and sausio, a counselling. See ASSUAGE. ASSUME, v. To take; to usurp. L. assurno; from ad, to, and sumo, to take. ASSUMPSIT. An action of assumpsit lies against a builder, or any other person, who has failed to perform his contract. L. assumpsit, (from assumo,) he undertook. ASSURE, v. To give confidence ; to insure. F. assurer; L. ad, tp f and securus, safe. ASTERISK, s. A mark (*) used in printing. G. asteriskos, dim. of aster, a star. ASTEROIDE. s. Something partaking of the form of a star. G. aster, a star, and oidos, form. ASTHMA, s. A difficult, short respiration. G. asthma: from ao, to blow. ASTONISH, v. To confound; to amaze. F. etonner, (formerly eston- ner): L. ad, at, and tono, to thunder. ASTOUND, v. To astonish, (a vulgarism.) F. etonner, (formerly estonner.) See ASTONISH. ASTRAL, adj. Relating to the stars. L. astrum, a star. ASTRINGENT, adj. Contracting. L. astringens, part, of astringo; from ad, to, and stringo, to truss up, or bind. ASTROLABE, s. An instrument formerly used for ascertaining lati- tudes. G. astron, a star, and lamhano, to take. ASTROLOGY, s. The pretended science of foretelling by the stars. L. astrologia: G. astron, a star, and logos, a discourse. ASTRONOMY, s. Knowledge of the heavenly bodies. G. astrono- mia; from astron, a star, and nomos, a law or rule. ASTUTE, adj. Subtle; cunning. L. astutus, from astus, craft. ASYLUM, s. Place of safety. L. asylum.- G. a, without, and sulon, part, of sulao, to plunder: meaning, free from robbery, or hurt. ATHEIST, s. One who denies the existence of God. G. a, without, and Theos, God. ATHLETIC, adj. Of a strong and vigorous body. L. athleticus .■ G. athletes, a wrestler; athleo, to contend. ATMOSPHERE, s. The air which surrounds the earth. G. atmos, vapour, and sphaira, a sphere. ATO—AUG ATOM. s. A very small particle. G. atomos; from a, not, and temno, to cut: meaning', that it cannot be divided. ATROCITY, s. Horrible wickedness. L. atrocitas; atrox, cruel: ater, black. ATROPHY, s. Debility, for want of due nourishment. G. atrophia,- from a, not, and trepho, to nourish. ATTACH, v. To join ; to arrest. F. attacker: L. ad, at or to, and factum, sup. of tango, to touch. ATTACK, v. To assault an enemy; to begin a contest. F, attaquer: L. ad, to or against, and tactus, p. part, of tango, to touch. ATTAIN, v. To procure; to reach. L. attineo: ad, to, and teneo, to hold fast. ATTAINDER, s. By attainder, the estate of the convicted person reverts to his superior lord; and his blood is, in a legal sense, so cor- rupted, as to be no longer inheritable. See ATTAINT. ATTAINT, v. To disgrace; particularly, by conviction of felony or treason. L. attinctus, p. part, ofattingo: ad, to, and tingo, to stain. ATTEMPT, v. To endeavour. L. attento; from ad, at, and tento, to try. ATTEND, v. To give attention, or aid; to be present at. L. aitendo; from ad, to, and tendo, to stretch out. ATTENUATE, v. To make thin, or slender. L. attenuo,- comp. of ad, to, and tenuis, slender. ATTEST, v. To sign as a witness; to bear witness. L. attestor,- from ad, to, and testis, a witness. ATTIRE, v. Te dress; to habit; to array. F. attirer,- tirer, to draw: L. ad, to, and traho, to draw. ATTRACT, v. To draw towards. L. attractum, sup. of attraho; from ad, towards, and traho, to draw. ATTRIB'UTE. v. To ascribe. L. attribuo: ad, to, and tribuo, to give. AT'TRIBUTE. s. The thing attributed, or belonging, to another. See the verb. ATTRITION, s. Act of wearing things by rubbing. L. attritio: ad, against, and tritus, p. part, of tero, to rub. AUCTION, s. A mode of sale. L. audio: audits, p. part, of augeo, to increase, [from a small, to a greater, price.] AUDACIOUS, adj. Impudently daring. F. audacieux: L. audacis, gen. of audax, bold ; audeo, to dare. AUDIBLE, adj. Loud enough to be heard. L. audibilis; from audio, to hear. AUDIENCE, s. The act of hearing ; hearers. F. audience : L. au- diens, part, of audio, to hear. AUDIT, v. To review or examine the accounts of another. See AUDITOR. AUDITOR, s. A hearer; an examiner of public accounts. L. auditor; from audio, to hear. ATI FAIT. "He is quite au fait, in those things;" a French phrase, implying a certain familiarity with, or mastery of a subject. AUGMENT, v. To increase; to become larger, or more. L. augmen, an increase : augeo, to create, or increase. AUGUR, v. To conjecture by signs; to portend. L. augur, a sooth- sayer. AUG— AVE AUGUST', adj. Great; magnificent. L. augustus, venerable, noble. AU'GUST. s. The eighth month. L. Augustus Caesar. ■ See AU- GUST'. AURICULAR, adj. Within the sense or reach of hearing; secret. L. auricularis: auris, the ear. AURIST. s. An ear-surgeon. L. auris, an ear. AURORA BOREALIS. s. A luminous meteor, peculiar to the north- ern latitudes. L. aurora, the morning, (meaning, light,) and bore- alis, belonging to the north. AUSPICE, s. An omen; protection. L. auspicium,- from auspex, a soothsayer or diviner, who observes the motion and' number of birds : from avis, a bird, and specio, to behold. AUSPICIOUS, adj. Having omens of success; favourable; kind. See AUSPICE. AUSTERE, adj. Harsh; of a distant manner. L. austerus: G.austeros: from auo, to dry up. AUSTRAL, adj. Southern. L. australis; from ouster, the south. AUTHENTIC, adj. Proceeding from sufficient authority. L. authen- ticus .- G. authentes, an author. AUTHOR, s. One who first effects, or produces any thing. L. auctor; from auctus, p. part, of augeo, to increase, or create. AUTHORITY, s. Testimony; influence ; power. From author: be- cause, authority, in its various significations, must proceed from its proper source, — the author. AUTOBIOGRAPHY, s. Memoirs of any person, written by himself. G. autos, one's-self, and BIOGRAPHY. AUTOCRAT, s. An absolute prince. G. autos, one's-self, and kratos, power. AUTOGRAPH, s. A particular person's own handwriting; or the original manuscript, in opposition to a copy. G. autographon,- from autos, one's-self, and grapho, to write. AUTOMATON, s'. A machine, which has a power of motion within itself. G. automaton,- autos, itself, and maomai, to be moved. AUXILIARY, s. An assistant. L. auxiliarius: G. auxo, to increase. AVAIL, v. To aid in promoting ; to profit. L. valeo, to be strong, or to serve. AVALANCHES, s. Prodigious snow-balls, that frequently roll down the mountains in Savoy. F. avalanches: avaler, to fall down. JLVANT-COURIER. s. A messenger, sent forward to announce the approach of some great personage. F. avant, before, and courier. AVARICE, s. Insatiable desire of wealth. L. avaritia; from aveo, to covet. AVENGE, v. To punish in behalf of another. F. venger: L. vinco, to conquer or subdue. Revenge is to punish in behalf of one's-self. AVENUE, s. A way of approach. F. avenue: L. ad, to, and venio, to come. AVER. v. To declare solemnly. F. averer : L. ad, to, and verum, the truth. AVERAGE, v. To fix one degree of value on things of various quali- ties. L. averagium: ad, to, verum, truth, and ago, to bring. AVERSE, adj. Unfavourable; opposed. L. aversus. See AVERT. . AVE— BAL AVERT, v. To turn from; to turn aside. L. averto; comp. of a, from, and verto, to turn. AVIARY, s. A place inclosed for birds. L. avis, a bird. AVIDITY, s. Greediness; eagerness. L. aviditas: aveo, to desire. AVOCATION, s. Business which calls a person away from his usual employment. L. avocatio,- a, from, and voco, to call. AVOID, v. To shun; to decline; to escape. See VOID. AVOIRDUPOIS, adj. A kind of weight, having- 16 ounces in a pound. F. avoir du poids, to have just weight : probably, the statute, mer- cantile weight, introduced into England, by the Normans. AVOW. v. To declare with confidence; to own or confess. F. avouer: L. advoveo: ad, to, and voveo, to vow. AVULSION, s. Act of pulling one thing from another. L. avulsio : a, from, and vulsus, p. part, of velh, to pull or pluck. AXIOM, s. A proposition evident at the first view, and which cannot be made plainer by demonstration. G. axioma,- from axio-o, to be thought worthy [of belief.] AXIS. s. The line, real or imaginary, that passes through any thing, and on which it may revolve. L. axis : G. axon,- ago, to conduct. AZOTE, s. Nitrogen; that part of the atmospheric air which will not support life. F. azote : G. a, not, and zao, to live. AZURE, adj. Light blue. F. azur, a sky-coloured mineral. B. BACCHANALIAN, s. A riotous, drunken person. L. bacchanalia, the feast of Bacchus, the god of wine. BADINAGE, s. Playful conversation. F. badinage,- from badin, wag- gish, merry. BAGATELLE, s. A trifle. F. bagatelle, dim. of bagage, goods of any kind. BAIL. s. In law, is derived from the F. bailler, to deliver; because the defendant is bailed or delivered to his sureties, upon their giving security for his appearance ; and is supposed to continue in their friendly custody, instead of going to jail. BALANCE, s. An instrument for weighing ; difference of weight or amount. F. balance: L. bilanx: bis, double, and lanx, a broad plate, or dish. BALE. s. A large bundle. F. bale, a ball. BALISTA. s. A warlike instrument, anciently used to throw stones and darts. L. balista,- from the G. ballo, to throw. BALL. s. An entertainment of dancing. F. bal: G. ballizo, to dance; from ballo, to throw, (meaning the legs.) BALLOON, s. A spheroid, formed of silk ; which, when inflated by hydrogen gas, or rarefied air, ascends. F. balloon,- from bale, a ball. BALLOT, s. A mode of giving votes. F. balote, a little ball used at elections. Balloting balls are of different colours; a white ball denotes approbation; a black one, dislike. In the United States, small tickets arc used. BAN—BEN Bj JE2;TA 5 ° ne Wh ° Cann0t f ay his debts ' Saxo "> ham, a heap (alluding to the money accumulated in banks,) and T Z,„* Vt part, of rumpo, to break. "«""»,; and L. ^^^ p , BAPTIZE, v. To administer baptism • to christpn n i *• wash, dip, or besprinkle. P ' Cnnsten ' G - ^aphzo, to BARBAROUS, adj. Uncivilized? cruel. L. barbarus- C hn.h foreign. The Greeks and Romans applied t£to i denote S « A^SS 2 *^' aS - We d ° at the P"*** ti me. en0tC Want teard "*' Pomted as an ^^ «^ a fishing-hook. L. barba, a B 1S" S ' Amanwhoshav esbeardsforhire. F. barbier: L. «*, pm o;bi he „f o a un pmr ! pnncipIe - G - and L - ** ^^ BATON. 5. A marshal's staff. F baton • t ?>«*, „ + u . RATTURv o a * x-l ^7 • union: jl. oatuo, to beat. B l A make Y ' * T ° bl6SS - ^ ^^ fi ™ **** ^ P p y , and facto, |B ™Sppy" Su P eriorde ^- of happiness. L. fcrffc^ from *3^ * Wcand BEAUX ESPRITS. Men of wit. F ^ n , ^ and esprits, pi. of espnY, a spin™ ' pI " ° f 6eau ' P leasant > BEEF. 5. Flesh of an ox, bull, or cow. F. bceuf- T /W« 605, an ox, bull, or cow /- L " 6om > S en ' of B /^f„rfo^° R - * °- wh » infers a benefit. L . fe w , well , and i 3E sI E BENEFACTp C R leSiaStiCaI '"* L *««**"». an obligation. :3E S-o FI ^fBENiFAC d T i OR neSOOd - L ' ***** V^oUenc ' S NE BjNE S FACT OR COnfOTedi . adranta ^ i P TOnt - L ' J ^«»»- ,E XanfXtotish WelI ' inCUnediCharitable - »■ *»«*»**•* AVE— BAL AVERT, v. To turn from; to turn aside. L. averto; comp. of a, from, and verto, to turn. AVIARY, s. A place inclosed for birds. L. avis, a bird. AVIDITY, s. Greediness; eagerness. L. aviditas: aveo, to desire. AVOCATION, s. Business which calls a person away from his usual employment. L. avocatio,- a, from, and voco, to call. AVOID, v. To shun; to decline; to escape. See VOID. AVOIRDUPOIS, adj. A kind of weight, having- 16 ounces in a pound. F. avoir dupoids, to have just weight : probably, the statute, mer- cantile weight, introduced into England, by the Normans. AVOW. v. To declare with confidence; to own or confess. F. avouer: L. advoveo: ad, to, and voveo, to vow. AVULSION, s. Act of pulling one thing from another. L. avulsio: a, from, and vulsus, p. part, of velh, to pull or pluck. AXIOM, s. A proposition evident at the first view, and which cannot be made plainer by demonstration. G. axioma,- from axio-o, to be thought worthy [of belief.] AXIS. s. The line, real or imaginary, that passes through any thing, and on which it may revolve. L. axis : G. axon,- ago, to conduct. AZOTE, s. Nitrogen; that part of the atmospheric air which will not support life. F. azote : G. a, not, and zao, to live. AZURE, adj. Light blue. F. azur, a sky-coloured mineral. B. BACCHANALIAN. 5. A riotous, drunken person. L. Bacchanalia, the feast of Bacchus, the god of wine. BADINAGE, s. Playful conversation. F. badinage; from badin, wag- gish, merry. BAGATELLE, s. A trifle. F. bagatelle, dim. of bagage, goods of any kind. BAIL. s. In law, is derived from the F. bailler, to deliver; because the defendant is bailed or delivered to his sureties, upon their giving security for his appearance ; and is supposed to continue in their friendly custody, instead of going to jail. BALANCE, s. An instrument for weighing ; difference of weight or amount. F. balance: L. bilanx: bis, double, and lanx, a broad plate, or dish. BALE. s. A large bundle. F. bale, a ball. BALISTA. s. A warlike instrument, anciently used to throw stones and darts. L. balista,- from the G. ballo, to throw. BALL. s. An entertainment of dancing. F. bal: G. ballizo, to dance; from ballo, to throw, (meaning the legs.) BALLOON, s. A spheroid, formed of silk ; which, when inflated by hydrogen gas, or rarefied air, ascends. F. balloon,- from bale, a ball. BALLOT. 5. A mode of giving votes. F. balote, a little ball used at elections. Balloting balls are of different colours; a white ball denotes approbation; a black one, dislike. In the United States, small tickets are used. BAN— BEN BANKRUPT, s. One who cannot pay his debts. Saxon, banc, a heap, (alluding- to the money accumulated in banks,) and L. ruptus, p. part, of rumpo, to break. BAPTIZE, v. To administer baptism ; to christen. G. baptize, to wash, dip, or besprinkle. BARBAROUS, adj. Uncivilized; cruel. L. barbarus: G. barbaros, foreign. The Greeks and Romans applied this term to denote want of civilization, as we do at the present time. BARBED, adj. Pointed as an arrow, or a fishing-hook. L. barba, a beard. BARBER, s. A man who shaves beards for hire. F. barbier: L. barba, a beard. BAROMETER, s. An instrument for ascertaining the pressure of the atmosphere. G. baros, weight, and metreo, to measure. BASE. s. The lower part, as of a column. See BASIS. BASE. adj. Mean, dishonest. See ABASE. BASILISK, s. A kind of serpent, which is said to affright away by hissing, and to kill by looking. G. basiliskos,- basileus, a -king*. BASIS, s. The foundation? first principle. G. and L. basis, the lower part or base of a pillar. BATON, s. A marshal's staff. F. baton .♦ L. batuo, to beat. BATTERY, s. Act of battering ; a number of cannon used for batter- ing, or the frame upon which they are mounted ; a violent striking; or laying hold of any person. F. batterie : L. batuo, to strike. BAWL. v. To cry aloud. L. balo, to bleat as a sheep. BEAT. v. To strike, or conquer. L. batuo, to strike. BEATIFY, v. To bless. L. beatifico; from beatus, happy, and facto, to make. BEATITUDE, s. Superior degree of happiness. L. beatitudo; from beatus, happy. BE Jill MONDE. The gay or fashionable world. F. beau, fine, and monde, the world. I BEAUX E SPRITS. Men of wit. F. beaux, pi. of beau, pleasant, and esprits, pi. of esprit, a spirife. 1 BEEF. s. Flesh of an ox, bull, or cow. F. boeuf: L. bovis, gen. of bos, an ox, bull, or cow. I BELLES LETTRES s. Polite Literature, (with the,) pronounced bel-letter. F. les belles lettres, polite learning. [i BELLIGERENT, s. A party in a war. L. belligerans, part, of belli- gero: helium, war, and gero, to cany on. I; BENEDICTION, s. A blessing. L. benedictio; bene, well, and dictio, I an expression: dico, to say. I! BENEFACTOR, s. One who confers a benefit. L. bene, well, and I I facto, to do. { BENEFICE, s. An ecclesiastical living. L. benejicium, an obligation. See BENEFACTOR. ' BENEFICENT, adj. Kind; doing good. L. benefaciens: part, of bene- faeio. See BENEFACTOR. ' BENEFIT, s. Favour conferred; advantage; profit. L. benejicium. See BENEFACTOR. I BENEVOLENT, adj. Well-inclined; charitable. L. bmevolens; bene, I well, and volo, to wish. BEN— BOI BENIGNITY, s. Graciousness 5 goodness. L. benignltas ; from bene, well, happily. BESTIAL, adj. Resembling a beast; belonging to the class of beasts; beastly; carnal. L. bestia, a beast. BIAS. s. Inclination, either of matter or mind. F. biais, an oblique line,, or slope : G. bia, force. BIBBER, s. A tippler. L. bibo, to drink. BIBLE, s. The sacred volume. G. biblion, a book: meaning, by way of eminence, The Book. BIBLIOGRAPHY, s. Histoiy of books. G. biblos, a book, and grapho, to write. BIBULOUS, adj. Absorbing moisture. L. bibulus,- from bibo, to drink. BIENNIAL, adj. Continuing two years ; occurring every two years. L. biennis: from bis, double, and annus, a year. BIFEROUS. adj. Bearing twice a year. L. biferus; bis, twice, and fero, to bear. BIGAMY, s. This word originally signified the having married twice; it now denotes the crime of having two wives, or of having two husbands. G. bis, double, and gameo, to marry. BINARY, adj. By couples. L. binus, • from bis, double. BIOGRAPHY, s. Personal history. G. bios, life, and grapho, to write. BIPAROUS. adj. Having two at a birth. L. bis, double, and pario, to bring forth. BIPARTITE, adj. Having two parts. L. bipartitus, part, of bipartior: bis, twice, and partior, to divide. BIPED, s. An animal having two feet. L. bipedis, gen. ofbipes,- bis, double, and pes, a foot. BISCUIT, s. Hard, bread. F. biscuit: L. bis, twice, and F. cult, part. of cuire, to bake. BISECT, v. To divide into two parts. L. binus, by couples, and seco, to cut. BISHOP, s. One who is placed over several churches. Derived, through the Saxon, from L. episcopus : G. epi, over, and skopeo, to , look. BISSEXTILE, adj. Relating to every fourth, or leap year. L. bis- sextilis. In the Roman Calendar, both the 24th and 25th of February were denominated sexto Kalendos Martins,- hence, the reduplicative term, bis, twice, is prefixed to sextilis, which relates to the sixth of the Kalends of March. See Adams's Rom. Ant. 330, 331. BITUMINOUS, adj. Having the qualities of bitumen ; pitchy. L. bitumen, a kind of fat clay or slime, like pitch. BLANCH, v. To whiten. F. blanchir,- from blanc, white. BLAND, adj. Mild; gentle. L. blandus, kind. BLANDISHMENT, s. Act of fondness; caresses. L. blanditia. See BLAND. BLANK, s. A space not written upon.; unproductive result of a lottery chance. F. blanc, white: that is, having the white paper visible. BLASPHEME- v. To speak irreverently of God. G. blasphemeo; Max, impious, and phemi, to say. BOIL. v. To be agitated by heat. F. bouillir: L. bullio ,• from bulla, a bubble. BOI— BUL BOIL. 5. A vulgar term for a bile. From the verb, to boil ; alluding to the form of a bile, — that of a bubble. BOLUS, s. A large pill. L. bolus, a lump. BOMB. s. A hollow ball, filled with gunpowder. F. bombe: L, bombus, a buzzing noise. BOMBAST, s. Inflated language. L. bombus, a buzzing noise. BONA FIDE. Actually; really. The phrase is also used adjectively, for actual, real. L. bona, (from bonus,) in good, and fide, (from fides,) faith. BON MOT. A witty expression. F. bon, good, and mot, a word, or saying. BONNE BOUCHE. A nice or sweet morsel. F. bonne, fern, of bon, good, and bouche, the mouth. BON VIVANT. A luxurious person. F. bon, well, and vivant, part. of vivre, to live. BOTANY, s. The science of plants. G. botane, an herb. BOUNTY, s. Generosity; pecuniary encouragement. F. bpnte - X = bonitas; bonus, good. BRACE, v. To make firm. F. embrasser, to embrace : en, in, and bras, an arm. L. &Vz, and brachium. BRACE, s. That which holds any thing tight ; a couple; two in com- pany. See the verb. BRACELET, s. An ornament for the arm. F. bracelet ,• from bras, an arm. BREVET, s. A brevet-officer is one, who holds a command higher in rank, than that expressed in his commission. F. from the L. brevis, short. BREVIARY, s. An abridgment ; a book containing the daily service of the Roman church. F. breviare .- L. breviarium : brevis, short, BREVITY, s. Conciseness. L. brevitas,- brevis, short. BRIDE, s. A woman recently married. F. bride, part, of brider, to restrain. BRIDLE, s. The reins, &c. used for governing a horse. F. bride; from brider, to restrain. BRIEF, s. An abridged writing; a lawyer's written instructions, F. brief. See the adjective. BRIEF, adj. Concise. F. brief: L. brevis, short. BRUMAL, adj. Belonging to winter. L. brumalis ; G. brugmos, a roaring noise. BRUNETT. s. A pretty female, with a brown complexion. F. bru- nette, (dim. of brun, brown,) a little girl who is brown. BRUTE, s. An animal without reason. L. brutus, insensible, irra- tional : G. barutes, heaviness; baros, weight. BUCOLIC, adj. Pastoral. G. boukalika; from boukolos, a cowherd. BUFFET, s. A cup-board ; a place at a public entertainment, where refreshments are kept. F. buffet, a cup-board. BULBOUS, adj. Of a round shape, as the root of a tulip. L. bulbus, an onion, or any round, laminated root. BULL. s. A papal mandate. F. bulle,- from the L. bullae, ornaments, of the figure of a heart, formerly worn by the nobility of the western empire, and afterwards attached to the decrees of the popes. D BEN— EOI BENIGNITY, s. Graciousness ; goodness. L. benigniias ; from bene, well, happily. BESTIAL, adj. Resembling a beast; belonging to the class of beasts; beastly; carnal. L. bestia, a beast. BIAS. s. Inclination, either of matter or mind. F. biais, an oblique line, or slope : G. bia, force. BIBBER, s. A tippler. L. bibo, to drink. BIBLE, s. The sacred volume. G. biblion, a book: meaning", by way of eminence, The Book. BIBLIOGRAPHY, s. Histoiy of books. G. bibbs, a book, and grapho, to write. BIBULOUS, adj. Absorbing" moisture. L. blbulus,- from bibo, to drink. BIENNIAL, adj. Continuing- two years ; occurring- every two years. L. biennis: from bis, double, and annus, a year. BIFEROUS. adj. Bearing- twice a year. L. biferus; bis, twice, and fero, to bear. BIGAMY, s. This word originally signified the having" married twice; it now denotes the crime of having- two wives, or of having" two husbands. G. bis, double, and gameo, to many. BINARY, adj. By couples. L. binus; from bis, double. BIOGRAPHY, s. Personal history. G. bios, life, and grapho, to write. BIPAROUS. adj. Having two at a birth. L. bis, double, and pario, to bring forth. BIPARTITE, adj. Having two parts. ~L.bipartitus,-psLYt.of:bipartior: bis, twice, and partial*, to divide. BIPED, s. An animal having two feet. L. bipedis, gen. of bipes,- bis, double, and pes, a foot. BISCUIT, s. Hard bread. F. biscuit: L. bis, twice, and F. cult, part. of euire, to bake. BISECT, v. To divide into two parts. L. binus, by couples, and seco, to cut. BISHOP, s. One who is placed over several churches. Derived, through the Saxon, from L. episcopus : G. epi, over, and skopeo, to look. BISSEXTILE, adj. Relating to every fourth, or leap year. L. bis- sextilis. In the Roman Calendar, both the 24th and 25th of February were denominated sexto Kalendos Atari ius,- hence, the reduplicative term, bis, twice, is prefixed to sextilis, which relates to the sixth of the Kalends of March. See Adams's Rom. Ant. 330, 331. BITUMINOUS, adj. Having the qualities of bitumen ; pitchy. L. bitumen, a kind of fat clay or slime, like pitch. BLANCH, v. To whiten. F. blanchir,- from blanc, white. BLAND, adj. Mild; gentle. L. bhndus, kind. BLANDISHMENT, s. Act of fondness; caresses. L. blanditia. See BLAND. BLANK, s. A space not written upon.; unproductive result of a lottery chance. F. blanc, white: that is, having the white paper visible. BLASPHEME, v. To speak irreverently of God. G. blasphemeo ,- Max, impious, and phemi, to say. BOIL. v. To be agitated by heat. F. bouillir: L. bullio ; from bulla, a bubble. BOI— BUL BOIL. s. A vulgar term for a bile. From the verb, to boil ; alluding to the form of a bile, — that of a bubble. BOLUS, s. A large pill. L. bolus, a lump. BOMB. s. A hollow ball, filled with gunpowder. F. bombe: L bombus, a buzzing noise. BOMBAST, s. Inflated language. L. bombus, a buzzing noise. BONA FIDE. Actually; really. The phrase is also used adjectively, for actual, real. L. bona, (from bonus,) in good, and fide, (from fides,) faith. BON MOT. A witty expression. F. bon, good, and mot, a word, or saying. BONNE BOUCHE. A nice or sweet morsel. F. bonne, fem. of bon, good, and bouche, the mouth. BON VIVANT. A luxurious person. F. bon, well, and vivant, part. of vivre, to live. BOTANY, s. The science of plants. G. botane, an herb, BOUNTY, s. Generosity; pecuniary encouragement. F. bpnte ; L= bonitas; bonus, good. BRACE, v. To make firm. F. embrasser, to embrace : en, in, and bras, an arm. L. iw, and brachium. BRACE, s. That which holds any thing tight ; a couple; two in com- pany. See the verb. BRACELET, s. An ornament for the arm. F. bracelet ,• from bras, an arm. BREVET, s. A brevet-officer is one, who holds a command higher in rank, than that expressed in his commission. F. from the L. brevis, short. BREVIARY, s. An abridgment ; a book containing the daily service of the Roman church. F. breviare .- L. breviarium : brevis, short, BREVITY, s. Conciseness. L. brevitas,- brevis, short. BRIDE, s. A woman recently married. F. bride, part, of brider, to restrain. BRIDLE, s. The reins, &c. used for governing a horse. F. bride ; from brider, to restrain. BRIEF, s. An abridged writing; a lawyer's written instructions, F. brief. See the adjective. BRIEF, adj. Concise. F. brief: L. brevis, short. BRUMAL, adj. Belonging to winter. L. brumalis : G. brugmos, a roaring noise. BRUNETT. s. A pretty female, with a brown complexion. F. bru- nette, (dim. of brun, brown,) a little girl who is brown. BRUTE, s. An animal without reason. L. brutus, insensible, irra- tional : G. barutes, heaviness; baros, weight. BUCOLIC, adj. Pastoral. G. boukolika,- from boukolos, a cowherd. BUFFET, s. A cup-board ; a place at a public entertainment, where refreshments are kept. F. buffet, a cup-board. BULBOUS, adj. Of a round shape, as the root of a tulip. L. bulbus, an onion, or any round, laminated root. BULL. s. A papal mandate. F. bulk; from the L. bullae, ornaments, of the figure of a heart, formerly worn by the nobility of the western empire, and afterwards attached to the decrees of the popes. D BUL— CAL BULLETIN, s. A military, or other public document. F. bulletin; bulle, authentic. See BULL. BUOY. s. A piece of floating wood or cork, used by mariners and fishermen. F. bouie? bois, wood. BUOYANT, adj. Floating- ; light. See BUOY. BURSAR, s. The treasurer of a college. L. bursarius; from bursa, a purse. BUTLER, s. A servant who takes care of the wines, and superintends the table. F. bouteillier,- from bouteille, a bottle. C CACOCHYMY. s. An unhealthy state of the animal juices. G. kako- chumia; from kakos, bad, and chumos, juice. CACOETHES LOQUENDl. A too great fondness of speaking ; loquacity. L. caco'ethes, an evil habit, loquendi, of speaking: cacoe- thes is from G. kakos, bad, and ethos, a habit. CACOETHES SCR1BENDI. A too great fondness of writing for the public eye. L. caco'ethes, an evil habit, scribendi, of writing : caco'e'thes is from G. kakos, bad, and ethos, a habit. CACOPHONY, s. A harsh sound of words. G. kakophonia; kakos, bad, and phonia, a sound. CADAVEROUS, adj. Looking like a corpse. L. cadaver, a dead body: cado, to fall. CADENCE, s. Fall of the voice, &c. F. cadence: L. cadens, part, of cado, to fall. CADET, s. A person serving in expectation of an office. F. cadet -• L. cado, to be attached to. CiESURA. s. A term in prosody, referring to a pause. L. caesura,- from csedo, to cut. CMTERA BE SUNT. The remainder is wanting. L. cxtera, pi. of cseter, the rest, desunt, (from desum,) are wanting. CJETERIS PARIBUS. Other things being equal. L. abl. of cseter, and par. CALAMITY, s. Sudden misfortune. L. calamitas,- from calamus, an arrow: because, a calamitous misfortune comes with the swiftness of an arrow. CALCAREOUS, adj. Of the nature of lime. See CALX. CALCINE, v. To decompose by burning. F. calciner. See CALX. CALCULATE, v. To numerate; to conjecture. L. calculus, a pebble: by which, numbers were reckoned, by persons ignorant of arith- metic. CALENTURE, s. A distemper peculiar to sailors in hot climates. L. caleo, to be hot. CALIBER, s. The diameter of a gun's bore. F. calibre, rate or size. CALIDITY. s. Heat. L. caliditas .- calidus, hot. CALLOUS, adj. Insensible. L. callus, hardness, or hard flesh. CALLOW, adj. Without feathers. L. callus, roughness: very young- birds are unpleasingly rough, by reason of their projecting quills. CALORIC, s. The modern chemical name of heat. F. calorique : L- calor, heat. CAL— CAN CALORIFIC, adj. Producing heat. L. calorijicus ; co.hr, heat, and facto, to make. CALORIMETER, s. An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of heat disengaged from any substance that may be an object of expe- riment. L. color, heat, and G. metreo, to measure. CALUMNIATE, v. To slander. L. calumnior ,- from calumnia, a false accusation. CALX. s. A burned substance. L. calx, burned lime. CALYX, s. The cup of a plant ; that part which surrounds and sup- ports the petals. L. calyx: G. kalux, that in which any thing is enclosed. CAMERA-OBSCURA. s. A species of optical machine. L. camera, a chamber, and obscura, dark. CAMP. s. A number of military tents. F. camp : L. campus, a field. CAMPAIGN, s. The period of an army's operations in the field, dur- ing one season. F. campagne : L. campus, a field. CAMPESTRAL, adj. Growing in fields. L. campestris,- campus, a field. CANAILLE, s. The very lowest of the people ; the rabble. F. ca- naille,- from canal, the kennel of a street : alluding to their filth. CANCEL, v. To obliterate. F. canceller: L. concetti, lattice-windows: the marks in cancelled writings are often crossed in the form of such windows. CANCER, s. A corroding, incurable sore; (also, a sign of the zodiac;) cancer, a crab : thus, comparing the gradual decay of the flesh, to the slow motion of a crab. CANDID, adj. Sincere. L. candidus,- candeo, to shine. CANDIDATE. . s. A suitor for any place of honour or profit. L. can- didatus; from candidus, white: alluding to the custom, amongst the Romans, of his wearing a white garment. CANINE, adj. Relating or belonging to a dog. L. caninus,- canis, a dog. CANISTER, s. A case, now made generally of tin ; but formerly of canes. L. canistrum,- canna, a cane : G. kanna. CANKER, s. A cancerous sore. L. cancer, a crab. See CANCER. CANNIBAL, s. A person who eats human flesh. L. canis, a dog. CANNON, s. A great-gun. F. canon, formerly cannon : L. canna, a large tube. CANON', s. A church law. G. kanon, a rule. CANONIZE, v. To declare any person a saint. From canon,- because his name is placed in the canon for observing festivals. CANT, v . To preach or talk as a hypocrite. L. canto, to repeat the same thing often : cano, to sing. CANTO, s. Part of a poem. This word is derived, through the Italian, from the L. cantus, a song: meaning, as much as would be sufficient for a song, or for recital in one act. , CANTON, v. To distribute an army over a district. F. canton, a, province. CANVASS, or CANVAS, s. A kind of cloth. F. cunevos: L. canna- bis, hemp. CANVASS, v. To solicit ; to examine. Etymology unknown : no ra- tional affinity appears with canvass, cloth. CAP— CAR CAPABLE, adj. Having a capacity for any particular object. F. ca* pable : L. capio, to take, or contain. CAPACIOUS, adj. Capable of containing- much; internally large. L. capax; from capio. See CAPABLE. CAPIAS AD RESPONDENDUM. A writ issued to take the de- fendant, that he may be answerable to the plaintiff. L. capias, that you take, (from capio,) ad, for the purpose of, respondendum, (from respondeo,) answering-. CAPIAS AD SATISFACIENDUM. A writ issued, after judgment, to arrest the defendant, until he shall satisfy the plaintiff. L. capias, that you take, ad, for the purpose of, satisfaciendum, (from salisfa- cio,) satisfying. CAPILLARY, adj. Resembling hairs; relating to very small tubes. L. capillaris; capillus, a hair. CAPITAL, adj. Affecting the head, or life ; chief. F. capital: L capitalis: caput, the head. CAPITAL, s. Head of a pillar; chief town; stock of a trader or con> pany* See the adjective. CAPITATION, s. A capitation-tax is laid on the person. L. caput. the head. CAPITULATE, v. To surrender by agreement. L. capitulatim, by heads, or chapters ; caput, the head : the terms of surrender being written in the form of distinct heads or articles. CAPRICORN, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. capricornus.- caper, a goat, and cornu, a horn. CAPTAIN, s. A commander; a term generally restricted to an officer who commands a single company of soldiers, or a single ship. F. capitaine .• L. caput, the head. CAPTION, s. An arrest, &c. L. captio. See CAPTIVE. CAPTIOUS, adj. Cavilling. L. captiosus: capto, to surprise, or catch ; capio, to take. CAPTIVATE, v. To delight highly; figuratively, to enslave. L. cap- tivo. See CAPTIVE. CAPTIVE, s. One taken in war ; a prisoner. L. captivus: captus, (p. part, of capio,) taken. CAPTOR, s. He that takes a prisoner, or prize. L. capio, to take. See CAPTIVE. CAPUCHIN, s. A monk of the reformed order of Franciscans. F. capucin: from capuce, or capuchon, a cowl, or large hood; by which, that order are particularly distinguished. CARBON, s. The basis of charcoal. F. chorion : L. carho, a coal. CARBUNCLE, s. A jewel which shines in the dark ; a red spot, or pimple on the body. L. carbunculus, dim. of carbo, a coal. CARD. s. Thick paper, formed of several layers pasted together. F. carte** L. charta, (pronounced carta,) paper: also, an instrument used in combing wool, &c. ; from the Dutch kaarde. CARDINAL, adj. Principal, L. cardinalis, belonging to a hinge - n cardo, a hinge ; because, inferior things are imagined to depend or turn on the cardinal, as a door upon its hinge. CARDINAL, s. One of the chief governors of the Roman church. See the adjective. CAR—CAT CAREER, s. Course of rapid action. F. carriere: L. carrus, a car, from curro, to run. CARESS, v. To treat in a kind, or loving manner. F. caresser: L. earns, dear. CARET, s. A grammatical point (a.) L. caret, there is [something] wanting. CARMINATIVE, s. A medicine for expelling wind. L. cardiacus, griped, and minuo, to lessen. CARNAGE, s. Heaps of flesh ; immense slaughter. F. carnage : L» carnis, gen. of caro, flesh. CARNAL, adj. Fleshly; not spiritual ; lustful. F. carnal: L. carnis, gen. of caro, flesh. CARNATION, s. The name of a pink flower. F. carnation.- ^car- nis, gen. of caro, flesh; because, that species is flesh-coloured. CARNIVAL, s. A feast before Lent. F. carnaval: L. carnis, gen, of caro, flesh, and valeo, to take leave, or bid farewell. CARNIVOROUS, adj. Having a natural inclination to eat flesh. L» carnivorus: carnis, gen. of caro, flesh, and voro, to devour. CARP. v. To cavil. L. carpo, to pluck, or find fault. CARRION, s. Flesh unfit for the food of man. F. charogne; from carter, to rot. CARTE-BLANCHE, s. An unlimited commission. F. carte, a cards and blanche, white, or unwritten. CARTEL, s. A writing containing stipulations between enemies, generally relating to an exchange of prisoners; a vessel sailing under those stipulations. F. cartel. See CHARTER. CARTILAGE, s. A smooth, and solid body, softer than a bone, but harder than a ligament. L. cartilago, a cartilage, or gristle. CARTRIDGE, s. A gun-charge, generally in paper. F. carte, strong paper. L. charta. CASCADE, s. A waterfall. F. cascade: L. casus, p. part, of cado, to fall. CASE. s. State of any thing; event; variation of a noun. L. casus,: from cado, to fall, or happen. CASTIGATE, v. To chastise; to punish. L. castigo ; from castuS, pure, and ago, to make. CASTRAMETATTON. s. Science of measuring and laying out the ground for an encampment. L. castra, a camp, and G. metreo, to measure. CASUAL, adj. Accidental. F. casuel : L. casus, a chance; cado, to fall. CASUIST, s. One who justifies evil actions by argument. F. casuiste? L. casus, an event, occasion, or emergency. CATACHRESIS. s. Abuse of words. G. katachresis : from kata 9 against, and chrtsis, use. CATACOMBS. *. Places for the dead. L. catacumbse : G. kata t against, and kumbos, a hollow place : alluding to the body being placed perpendicularly in a niche. CATALOGUE, s. A list. L. catalogus: G. katahgos: kata, according to, and logos, a word, or description. D2 CAT— GEL CATAPLASM, s. A poultice. G. katapksma: kata, over, and plasso^ to spread. CATARACT, s. A waterfall. L. cataracta ; G. kataraktes .• kata, against, and rasso, to break, or cast down. CATARRH, s. An issue of humour from the glands, about the head and throat. G. katarrheo, to flow from. CATASTROPHE', s. Terminating event ; unhappy conclusion. G. katastrophe: kata, against, and strepho, to turn. CATECHISE, v. To question minutely. G. katecheo: kata, into, and echeo, to sound. CATEGORICAL, adj. Absolute; direct. G. kata, according to, and agoreo, to speak. CATENARIAN, adj. Resembling a chain. L. catena, a chain. CATHARTIC, adj. Purgative. G. kathartikos: kathairo, to purge. CATHEDRAL, s. The head church of a diocese. L. cathedra: G. kathedra-, a chair, in which declamations are made, or lectures read, CATHOLIC, adj. Universal. F. catholique : G. katholikos: kata, throughout, and hobs, the whole, CATHOLICON. 5. Something of universal application or use. See CATHOLIC. CATOPTRICS, s. That part of optics which relates to vision by re- flection. G. katoptron, a looking-glass : kata, against, and optomai, to see. CAUDAL, adj. Relating or belonging to the tail. L. cauda, a tail. CAUSE, s. That which effects; subject of litigation; party. L. causa, a cause. CAUSIDICAL. adj. Relating to a suit at law, or to a lawyer. L. cau- sidicus, a lawyer : causa, a cause, or law-suit, and dico, to speak. CAUSTIC, adj. Destroying the texture of any thing, by its hot, cor- rosive nature. G. kaustikos: kaio, to burn. CAUTERY, s. An iron used by surgeons for burning the flesh; a caus- tic substance. F. cautere.- G. kaio, to burn. CAUTION, s. Regard to, or notice of, danger; prudence ; foresight. F. caution: L. cautus, p. part, of caveo, to beware. CAVALIER, s. A horseman, or knight. F. cavalier,- from cheval, a horse. CAVALRY, s. Men mounted on horses, and armed for war. F. caval- erie,- from cheval, a horse. CAVE. s. A large hole under ground. L. cavum : cavo, to make hollow. CAVEAT, s. The name of a legal process, denoting a caution, or in- junction. L. caveat, let him beware: from caveo. CAVIL, v. To object without sufficient cause. L. cavillor: caveo, to prevent. CAVITY, s. A hollow place. L. cavitas. See CAVE. CEASE, v. To stop. L. cesso,- from cedo, to retreat. CEDE. v. To yield; to assign by virtue of a treaty. L. cedo, to yield. CELEBRATE, v. To solemnize; to make famous. L. celebro: celeber, renowned. CELERITY, s. Swiftness; despatch. L. celeritas: celer, swift. CELESTIAL, adj. Heavenly; relating to the upper regions. L. ceks tis: coehtm, heaven CEL— CEE CELIBACY, s. Unmarried state. L. caelebs, or cctlebs, unmarriea. CELLAR. 8. A subterranean apartment. L. cella,- (anciently cela/- from celo, to hide. CELLULAR, adj. Having- small cavities. L. cellula, a little cellar, See CELLAR. CEMETERY, s. A place for the dead. L. coemeterium : G. koi?nele- rion : from koimcuh, to put to sleep. CENOBITE, or COENOBITE- s. One of a religious order, who lives in a convent, or in a community, under a certain rule ; in opposition to a hermit, who lives in solitude. G. koinos, common, and bios, life. CENOTAPH, s. A monument for a person buried at another place. G. kenos, empty, and taphos, a sepulchre. CENSER. s. A vessel in which incense is burned. F. encensoir: L. incensus, p. part, of incendo, to burn. CENSOR, s. A corrector; an examiner. L. censor.- censeo, to judge. CENSORIOUS, adj. Addicted to censuring with severity. See CENSOR. CENSURE. Si Blame. L. censura. See CENSOR. CENSUS, s. An account of the inhabitants, &c. made by public au- thority. L. census. See CENSOR. CENT. s. A hundred; a coin, equal to the hundredth part of a dollar, F.- cent : L. centum, a hundred. CENTENNARY. adj. Relating to a hundred. L. centennarius: cen- tum, a hundred. CENTIPEDE, s. An insect with many feet. L. centum, a hundred, and pedes, (pi. of pes,) feet. CENTRE, s. The middle; that which is equally distant from all extre- mities. L. centrum : G. kentron, a sharp point, or centre $ from kenteo, to prick. CENTRIFUGAL, adj. Receding from the centre. L. centrum, the centre, and fugio, to run away. CENTRIPETAL, adj. Approaching the centre. L. centrum, the centre, and peto, to seek. CENTURION, s. A Roman commander of a hundred men. L. cen- turio; from centum, a hundred. CENTURY, s. A hundred; a hundred years. L. centuria: centum, a hundred. CEPHALIC, adj. Medicinal to the head. F. cephalique: G. kephale, the head. CERATE, s. An ointment composed chiefly of wax. L. ceraturn ,* cera, wax. CERECLOTH, s. Cloth dipped in wax or gum. L. cera, wax, and cloth. CERTAIN, adj. Determined; stated; regular; sure; indubitable. L. certus,- from cerno, to sift, or separate. CERTIFY, v. To make a formal attestation. F. certifier: L. certus,' sure, and facio, to make. CERTIORARI, s. A writ to order the record of a cause to be brought before a superior court. L. certiorari, to be made more certain. CERULEAN, adj. Light blue. L. cceruleus: caelum, the sky. CERUMEN, s. The wax formed in the ear. L. cerumen: cera, wax. CES— CHA CESS. s. A tax .levied, by its own officers, on a county or a parish. L. cessum, sup. of cedv, to yield. CESSATION, 5. A stop; suspension of action. L. cessatio. See CEASE. CESSION, s. Resignation; assignment. L. cessio; from cessum, sup. of cedo, to yield. CETACEOUS, adj. Of the whale kind. L. cetus: G. ketos, a whale. CHAFE, v. To heat by rubbing; to make angry; to fret. F. chauffer : L. calfacio: calidus, hot, and facto, to make. CHALICE, s. A sacramental cup. F. calice : L. calix, a cup. OHALYBEATE. adj. Impregnated with iron or steel. L. chalybs: G. chalups, steel. CHAMADE. s. The beat of a drum, indicating a desire for a parley. F. CHAMOIS, s. A kind of soft leather. F. chamois, a wild goat. CHAMPAIGN, adj. Relating to a flat, open country. F. campagne; from champ .- L. campus, a field. CHAMPION, s. A warrior ; one who engages in single combat. F. champion: champ : L. campus, a field. CHANCEL, s. The place in a church where the altar stands. F. chan- cel.: L. cancelli, lattices; referring to the enclosure. CHANCELLOR, s. This word is not placed here for the purpose of exhibiting its etymology ; but, on the contrary, of stating that its derivation has not been satisfactorily ascertained, even by the great- est lawyers. See Blackstone's Com. CHANDELIER, s. A branch for candles. F. chandelier,- from chan- delle, a candle. CHANDLER. 5. A maker of candles. F. chandelier.- chandelle, a candle. CHANTICLEER, s. A name given to the house-cock. F. chanter, to sing, and clair, clear: L. canto, and clarus. CHAOS, s. A confused mass or mixture. G. chaos, signifying, pro- perly, a vast chasm: frem chao, to gape. CHAOTIC, adj. Confused. See CHAOS. CH APLET. s. A garland or wreath for the head. F. chapelet : L* caput, the head. CHAPTER, s. A division of a book; (an assembly of the clergy of a cathedral or collegiate church. ) F. chapitre .- L. capitulum, dim. of caput, a head: hence, we say, "the heads of a discourse;" mean- ing, the titles of each chapter. CHARACTER, s. A mark; a stamp; a letter used in writing or print- ing; representation; reputation. G. charectera,- charasso, to imprint, or stamp. CHARGE B> AFFAIRES, s. A diplomatic agent, in rank inferior to an ambassador. F. signifying, "charged with the business." CHARITABLE, adj. Kind; liberal. F. charitable.- L. charitas, cha- rity: G. charis, a gift, grace, affection. CHARLATAN, s. A quack, or mountebank. F. charlatan; from an Italian word, signifying to chatter. CHARM, s. Words, or characters, imagined to have some secret pow- er; something which will please, irresistibly. F. charme.- L. carmen^ a verse. CHARM, v. To delight highly. See the noun* CHA— CHR CHARNELHOUSE. 8. A depositor}- of human bones. F. chamei, relating to flesh, and house. CHART, s. A map for seamen. L. charter, paper, or a card. Sea- charts were formerly, in England, called sea-cards. CHARTER, s. A writing, containing a grant of privileges. L, char- ta, paper. CHASM, s. A cleft; a place unfilled. G. chasma t chaino, to gape widely. CHASTE, adj. Pure; undefiled. F. chaste.- L. castas, pure. CHASTISE, v. To punish with a design of amending. See CHASTE. CHATEAU, s. A stately mansion. F. chateau, a castle. CHEMIST, or CHYM1ST. a. A separater and examiner of matter; and preparer of various compounds. F. chymiste : G. chumizo, to boil, or heat in the fire. CHEVALIER, s. A knight. F. chevalier,- from cheval, a horse ; be- cause the knights were formerly distinguished, in battle, by being mounted. CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE. s. A defensive instrument of war, made of timber and iron spikes. F. This term denotes, in English, horses of Friesland: the contrivance having been first used in the latter country, as a substitute for cavalry. CHICANE, s. Artifice. F. chicane, a quirk. CHIMERICAL, adj. Imaginary ; of extravagant conception. L. chi- mera, one of the poetical monsters. CHIROMANCY, s. The pretended art of palmistry, or foretelling the events of life by the lines of the hand. F. chiromance .- G. cheir, a hand, and mantis, a prophet. CHIRURGERY. s. See SURGEON. CHIVALRY, s. Knighthood; the qualifications or actions of a knight; the general system of knighthood. F. chevalerie. See CHEVA- LIER. CHOIR, s. A band of singers in a church; the place where they sing. F. chceur. See CHORUS. CHOLERA MORBUS, s. A sudden effusion of the bile on the intes- tines, so as to operate violently, both upwards and downwards. L. cholera, the cholic, and morbus, a disease : G. chole, bile. CHOLERIC, adj. Bilious; irascible. L. cholericus .- G. chole, bile. CHOLIC. s. A painful disorder of the stomach or bowels. G. chole, bile. CHORAL, adj. Belonging to a choir. See CHOIR. CHORUS, s. A band of singers; part of a song in which the whole company join. L. chorus .- G. choros, a company of dancers and singers: from choreuo, to dance. CHRISM, s. Holy ointment. G. chrizma, an ointment. CHROMATIC, adj. Relating to the colour of light, and of natural bodies, and to a species of ancient music now unknown. G. chro- matikos: chroma, colour. CHRONIC, or CHRONICAL, adj. Relating to diseases of long conti- nuance. F. chronigue : G. chronos, time. CHRONICLE, s. A brief history, with dates. G. chronos, time. . CHRONOLOGY, s. The science of computing relative time. F. chro- nologic- G. chronos, time, and logos, a word, or discourse. CHR— CIR CHRONOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring time. G. chronos, time, and metreo, to measure. CHRYSALIS, s. An insect, such as a butterfly, when changing from its torpid state. L. chrysalis : G. chrusos, gold ; referring to its yellow hue. CHRYSOLITE. s. A precious stone, of a dusky green, with a shade of yellow. F. chrysolite : G. chrusos, gold, and lithos, a stone. CHYLE, s. A white juice, formed in the intestines, and afterwards converted into blood. G. chulos, juice. CHYMIST. s. A professor of chemistry. See CHEMIST. CI DEVANT. Formerly. F. CINCTURE, s. Something worn round the body; a bandage. L. cinctura,- from cinctus, p. part, ofcingo, to gird. GENERATION, s. The act of reducing to ashes. L. cineres, ashes. CINQUE-PORTS. s. The cinque-ports, or Jive ports, as the F. numeral cinque, denotes, were those in England, which, lying the nearest to France, were the more vigilantly guarded against invasion ; and placed under the superintendence of a special governor. CIPHER. s. Any arithmetical figure ; but, in general, denoting : hence, the appellation to a person of no efficiency, "a mere cipher:'* it also means, a secret mode of corresponding. F. chiffre, an arith- metical figure. CIRCLE, s. A line every where equidistant from a common centre. L. circulus: circum, around. CIRCUIT, s. Motion around; comprehensive tour; space; extent. L. circuitus: circum, around, and itus, a going: eo, to go. CIRCULATE, v. To move in a circle ; to flow around. L. circulo. See CIRCLE. CIRCUMAGGERATE. s. To heap around. L. circumaggero: circum, around, and aggero, to heap. CIRCUMAMBIENT, adj. Going around. L. circum, around, and ambiens, part, of ambio, to go about. CIRCUMCISE, v. To cut the foreskin. L. circumcisum, sup. of cir- cumcido: circum, around, and caedo, to cut. CIRCUMFERENCE, s. Boundary of a circle. L. circumferens, part. of circumfero: circum, around, and fero, to carry. CIRCUMFLUENT, adj. Flowing around. L. circumfiuens, part, of circumfluo: circum, around, and Jluo, to flow. CIRCUMFUSE. v. To pour, or spread around. L. circumfusum, sup. of circumf undo: circum, around, and fundo, to pour. CIRCUMJACENT, adj. Surrounding. L. circumjactns, part, of cir- cwnjaceo: circum, around, and jaceo, to lie. CIRCUMLOCUTION, s. Indirect expression of words. L. circum, about, and locutus, part, of loquor, to speak. CIRCUMNAVIGATE, v. To sail around. L. circum, around, and navigate. CIRCUMSCRIBE, v. To limit, by a real or imaginary circle. L. cir- cum, around, and scribo, to write. CIRCUMSPECT, adj. Cautious. L. circumspedus, p. part, of circum* spicio: circum, around, and specio, to view. CIRCUMSTANCE, s. Something relative to a fact ; incident ; condi- cm— CLE tion. L. circumstantia ; from circum, about, and stans, part, of sto, } ' to stand. CIRCUMVALLATION. s. A surrounding wall. L. circumvallatu&, part, of circumvallo: circum, around, and vallo, (from vallum, a fence,) to enclose. CIRCUMVENT, v. To defeat by stratagem. L. circumventum, sup. of circumvenio: circum, around, and venio, to come. CIRCUMVOLUTION, s. The act of rolling around. L. circumvolutus, p. part, of circumvolvo. See CIRCUMVOLVE. CIRCUMVOLVE. v. To roll around. L. circumvolvo: circum, around, and volvo, to roll. CIRCUS, s. An open place, or theatre, for equestrian exhibitions. L. circus,- from circum, around. CITATION, s. Act of summoning; a summons; a quotation. L. «7a- 2ws, p. part, of cito, to summon. CITY. s. This term cannot be strictly defined : its application is arbi- trary. It is applied always to the capital town; and frequently, but not universally, to any incorporated town. We may safely apply it to places of great importance. F. cite ; L. civitas,- from civis, a citizen. CIVIL, adj. Relating to the community in general; mild; obliging. L, civilis; from civis, a citizen. CLAIM, v. To demand as a right. L. cldmo, to call aloud. CLAMOR, or CLAMOUR, s. Vehement outcry. L. clamor. See CLAIM. CLANDESTINE, adj. Secret; done in a manner to elude observation. L. clandestinus: clam, secretly, and destino, to design. CLANGOR, s. A loud, shrill sound. L. clangor, the sound of a trum- pet. G. Mange.- klazo, to cry aloud. CLARE-OBSCURE, s. Light and shade in painting. L. clarus, bright, and obscurus, dusky. CLARIFY, v. To make clear. L. clarus, clear, and jio, to be made. CLASSIC, or CLASSICAL, adj. Relating to ancient literature, and to architecture, and modern literature, of the highest rank. L. clas- sicus. See CLASSICS. CLASSICS, s. Ancient literature of the first rank ; modern literature of uncommon merit. L. classis, a school-bench: alluding to the seats arranged in the ancient academies. CLAUSE, s. Part of a discourse, or of a sentence. L. clausus, p. part, of claudo, to enclose : meaning, that a clause is separated by punctu- ation. CLAVICLE, s. The collar-bone. L. clavkula, a little key or bolt : clavis, a key or bolt. CLEMENCY, s. Mercy; humanity. L. dementia, pity. CLERK, s. In the dark ages, preceding the revival of letters, the clergy engrossed every branch of learning, and were peculiarly re- markable for their knowledge of law. The English judges were, therefore, usually created out of the sacred order, and all the inferior offices were supplied by the lower clergy; which has occasioned their successors to be denominated clerks, to this day: and hence, the same title is given to nearly all persons employed in any subordinate office, CLI— GOG that requires a knowledge of writing or accounts. L. ckricus, a clergyman : G. kleros, a lot, or office. CLIMACTERIC, or CLIMACTRIC. s. Relating to a period of life, when some great change is supposed to befall the body. F. clima- terique: G. tclimakter, the step of a ladder. See CLIMAX. CLIMATE, s. A space measured from the equator to the poles $ a certain temperature or situation, indicating a degree different from another. L. clima : G. Mima; from Mino, to change, or incline. CLIMAX, s. Gradual ascent; a rhetorical figure, by which the words gradually rise in importance. G. klimax, a ladder. CLINIC, or CLINICAL, adj. Relating to a person who, from sickness, is compelled to remain in bed. A '* clinical lecture" is delivered by a medical professor at the bed-side. G. Mino, to lie down. CLOISTER, s. A place of religious seclusion. L. claustrum, an en- closure, or closet. See CLOSE. CLOSE, v. To shut; to conclude; to end. See the adjective. CLOSE, adj. Shut fast; secret; confined; compact. L. clausus, p. part, ofclaudo, to shut. CLOSET, s. A small room for retirement, or for the preservation of valuable things. See CLOSE. CLOUD, s. An opaque assemblage in the sky. L. claudo, to shut. CLOWN, s. A rustic; a coarse ill-bred man; one who makes sport at a theatrical entertainment. L. cobnus: colo, to till. COADJUTOR, s. An assistant ; a partner. L. con, together, and ad- jutor, a helper: ad, to, and jutus, p. part, of juvo, to help. COAGULATE, v. To curdle. L. coagulo: con, together, and ago, to go. COALESCE, v. To unite. L. coaksco, to grow together: con, toge- ther, and ah, to nourish or increase. COALITION, s. Union. L. coalitus, part, of coalesco. See COA- LESCE. CODE. s. A system of laws or regulations. F. code: L. codex, the ligneous part of a tree ; by metonymy, a book: because, books were occasionally made of thin boards. CODICDL. s. A supplement to a will. L. codicillus, diminutive of codex. See CODE. COEFFICIENT, adj. Uniting in action. L. con, together, and effi- cient. COERCE, v. To force; to restrain. L. co'e'rceo: con, together, and arceo, to stop, or hinder. COETERNAL. adj. Equally eternal. L. con, with, and eternal. COEVAL, adj. Equally ancient. L. cosevus: con, together, and aevum, an age. COEXIST, v. To exist at the same time. L. con, together, and exist. COEXTEND. v. To reach to an equal distance. L. coti, together, and extend. COGENT, adj. Powerful; convincing. L. cogens, part, of cogo, to assemble, or compel : con, with, and ago, to act. COGITATE, v. To think. L. cogito; from cogo, to assemble; meaning the mental faculties. COGNITION, s. Knowledge ; consciousness. L. cognitio; from cog- nosco, to discover or understand. COG— COL COGNIZANCE. *. Judicial notice; judicial authority. F. connoissance: L. cognosco, to discover. COHABIT, v. To live together as husband and wife. L. cohabito: con, together, and habito, to dwell. COHABITANT. *. An inhabitant of the same place. L. cohabitans, part, of cohabito: con, together, and habito, to dwell. COHEIR, s. One of two or more persons who inherit the same estate. L. con, together, and heir. t COHERE, v. To stick together. L. cohaereo: con, together, and hasreo, to stick fast. COHESION, s. Act of cohering; union of surfaces. L. cohsesus, part, of cohxreo. See COHERE. COIF. s. A hood; a cap. Sir H. Spelman conjectures that coifs were introduced amongst the clergy, to hide the tonsure of such as were still tempted to remain in the secular courts, as advocates or judges, notwithstanding their prohibition by canon. F. coiffe; from couvrir, to cover. COIN. s. In architecture, a corner; any thing standing out angularly. F. coigne : G. gonia, a corner. COINCIDE, v. To meet in the same point ; to agree. L. coincido : con, together, in, into, and cado, to fall. COLANDER, s. A strainer. L. co/o, to strain. COLIC. See CHOLIC. COLLAR, s. A band for the neck. L. collum, the neck. COLLATE, v. To compare one copy or thing with another of the same kind; to place in an ecclesiastical benefice, by the single act of the ordinary, when patron. L. collatum, sup. of confer v.- con, toge- ther, and fwo, to bring. COLLATERAL, adj. Running parallel ; not direct; equally related. L. con, together, and latus, a side : that is, side by side, remaining together. COLLATION, s. Act of collating ; a species of repast. L. collatio. See COLLATE. COLLEAGUE, s. An associate, or partner. L. con, together, and league. COLLECT, v. To gather; to assemble. L. collectum, sup. of colligo: con, together, and lego^ to gather. COLLEGE, s. A public place of study; a state-assembly. L. colle- gium,- from colligo. See COLLECT. COLLISION, s. The act of striking together. L. collisio; from collido: con, together, and Isedo, to hurt. COLLOQUIAL, adj. Relating or belonging to familiar discourse. See COLLOQUY. COLLOQUY, s. Conversation; conference. L. colloquium: con, toge- ther, and loquor, to speak. COLLUDE, v. To play in concert, so as to cheat; to conspire in a fraud. L. colludo: con, together, and ludo, to play. COLLUSION, s. Act of colluding; design of two or more persons to defraud. L. collusio: collusum, sup. of colludo. See COLLUDE. COLON, s. A grammatical point (:) ; one of the intestines. G. kolon, a member. E COL— COM COLONY. *. A country planted by a foreign state? the people inhabit- ing, or intending to inhabit, the plantation. L. cobnia : G. kolon, a member. COLOSSUS, s. A huge statue. L. colossus: G. kolossos. The most celebrated colossal statue was that of Apollo, at Rhodes, which was 126 feet high. The name is derived from kollao, to join strongly with cement ; alluding to the number of pieces of which it was composed, f COLUMN, s. A round pillar, by which something is supported ; a body of troops, formed into an oblong ; a section of a page, when divided equally by a perpendicular line. L. columna : columen, a prop ; from columis, whole, safe. COLURES. s. Two great circles, imagined to pass through the poles of the world ; one through the equinoctial, and the other through the solstitial points. L. coluri: G. kolouri; from kolouros, cut short : because, a part of their circumference lies under the horizon. COMB. s. An instrument to separate and adjust the hair; the crest of a cock. L. coma, the hair: the cavities in which bees lodge their honey. G. kumbos, a cave, or hollow place. COMBAT, v. To fight; to oppose. F. combattre : L. con, together, and batuo, to beat. COMBINE, v. To. unite. F. combiner: L. con, together, and binus, a couple. COMBUSTIBLE, adj. Susceptible of ignition. L. combustus, p. part, of comburo: con, with, and uro, to burn. COMEDY, s. An amusing drama. L. comedia: G. kome, a village. COMET, s. A kind of planet. L. cometa,- from coma, hair: referring to its apparent tail. COMMA. s. A grammatical point (,) denoting the shortest pause in reading ; in music, the ninth part of a tone. G. komma, a slice, or very small part. COMMAND, s, Government; direction. F. commande: L. con and mando, to intrust with : mdndo is from manus, a hand, and do, to give; meaning, to commit to another's power. COMMEMORATE, v. To preserve the memory of, by some public act. L. commemoro: con, together, and memoro, to remember. COMMEND, v. To recommend; to approve.. L. commendo: con, with, and mando, to intrust. COMMENDAM. s. A church benefice, given in trust. See COM- MEND. COMMENSURATE, adj. Equal; proportionate. L. con, with, and mensura, a measure. COMMENT', v. To remark ; to annotate. L. cornmmtov; from com- mentus, part, of comminisco, to call to mind. COMMERCE, s. Extensive trade ; intercourse. F. commerce : L. commercium: con, together, and mercor, to purchase. COMMINGLE, v. To blend. L. con, together, and mingle. COMMISERATE, v. To pity. L. commiseror: con, with, misereor, to be sorry. COMMISSARY, s. In military language, means a person who super- intends the supplying of an army with clothing, provisions, and am- munition. Low L. commissarius. See COMMISSION. COM— COM C6MMISSI0N. s. Act of committing ; authority given. F. commis* sion: L. commissum: con, with, and missus, p. part, of mitto, to send, COMMIT, v. To give in trust; to perpetrate. L. committo: con, with, and mitto, to send. COMMITTEE, s. Persons chosen by a larger number, to consider some business and report their opinion. See COMMIT. COMMIX, v. To blend. L. con, together, and mix. COMMODE, s. A night-stool. F. commode: L. commodum, conve- nience. COMMODIOUS, adj. Convenient. L. commodus: con, with, and modus, due proportion, a measure. COMMODITY, s. Something useful. F. commodite : L. commoditas> See COMMODIOUS. COMMON, adj. General; vulgar. L. communis: con, together, and munus, a benefit, or right. COMMOTION, s. Tumult; disturbance; agitation. L. commotio: commotus, p. part, of commoveo : con, together, and moveo, to move. COMMORIENT, adj. Dying together; dying at the same time. L. commoriens: con, together, and moriens, part, of morior, to die. COMMUNE, v. To converse; to impart sentiments mutually. L. com- munico. See COMMON. COMMUNIS US ANNIS. On the annual average. L. communibus, in common, annis, years: {communis and annus.) COMMUNICATE, v. To impart, or reveal. L. communico. See COMMON. COMMUNION, s. Intercourse; participation. L. communio. See COMMON. COMMUNITY, s. The state of being common ; people united into a society, and having a common interest ; that state which is opposed to individuality of interest. L. communitas. See COMMON. COMMUTE, v. To change. L. commuto,- from con, with, and muto, to change. COM'PACT. s. An agreement. L. con, with, and pactus, part, of paciscor, to bargain. COMPACT', adj. Firm; close. L. compactus, p. part, of compingo: con, together, and pango, to strike, or drive in. COMPANION, s. An associate. F. compagnon : L. compago, a joint? con, together, and pango, to fix. COMPARATIVE, adj. Relating to comparison. See COMPARE. COMPARE, v. To judge or estimate, relatively, things which have some resemblance, or are of the same nature, L. comparo: con, to- gether, and par, a pair. COMPASS, v. To encircle; to surround; to attain. See the noun. COMPASS, s. Circle; round; limits; an instrument with which a circle is drawn; an instrument whereby mariners steer. L. con, with, and passus, p. part, of pando, to spread or extend. COMPASSION, s. Pity. F. compassion: L. con, with, and passus, part, of potior, to suffer. COMPATIBLE, adj. . Suitable ; consistent. F. compatible : L. con, together, and patibilis; patior, to receive, or suffer to be mixed with. COM— COM COMPATRIOT. s. One of the same country; a fellow-patriot. F. compatriote : L. con, tog-ether, and patria, a country. COMPEL, v. To force. L. compelh ,■ from con, with, and pello, to drive. COMPENDIOUS, adj. Short; abridged. See COMPENDIUM. COMPENDIUM, s. An abstract ; an abridgment. L. compendium; from con, together, and pendo, to weigh, or deliberate on: meaning, that care was used to admit only what was important. COMPENSATE, v. To recompense. L. compenso : con, with, and pensus, p. part, of pendo, to pay. COMPETENT, adj. Suitable ; adequate ; qualified. L. competens t part, of competo: con, with, and peto, to desire, or obtain. COMPETITION, s. Rivalship. L. con, together, and petitio, a desire. COMPILE, s. To collect from the works of others. L. compih; from con, and pilo, to pull off. COMPLA'CENT. adj. Mild. L. complacens, part, of complaceo, to please. COMPLAIN, v. To murmur. F. complaindre: L. con, and plango, to beat, (meaning* the breast,) or bewail. COMPLAISANT', adj. Civil; desirous to please. F. complaisant: L. compkicens. See COMPLACENT. COMPLEMENT, s. Generally signifies a just quantty. L. comple- mentum, a filling up, or completion ; from cornpleo. See COM- PLETE. COMPLETE, adj. Perfect; full. L. completus, part, of compleor: con, with, and pleor, to be filled. COMPLEX, adj. Of many parts ; entangled. L. complexes, part, of comphctor: con, together, and plector, to be folded. COMPLEXION, s. Appearance, (all the colours, or all the circum- stances, being seen in one view;) colour of the face. F. complexion: L. complexio. See COMPLEX. COMPLICATE, adj. Involved ; difficult. L. complicatus, part, of complico: con, together, and plica, to fold. COMPLIMENT, s. A flattering expression of civility. F. compliment,- from compiler. See COMPLY. COMPLY, v. To accord with ; to submit. F. compiler, ■ con, with, and plier, to bend. COMPORT, v. To agree; to suit; (followed by icith.) F. comporter: L. con, together, and porto, to carry or bear. COMPOSE, v. To put together ; to invent; to calm. F. composer.- L. compositum, sup. of compono: con, together, and pono, to place. COMPOSITE, adj. Of several kinds. L. composiius. See COMPOSE. COMPOS MENTIS. Of sound and composed mind. L. COMPOST, s. A mixture for manure. See COMPOSE. COMPOSURE, s. Calmness of mind; tranquillity. See COMPOSE. COMPOUND, v. To mix; to combine. L. compono. See COMPOSE. COMPREHEND, v. To include; to understand. L. comprehendo: con, together, and prendo, to lay hold on. COMPRESS, v. To press together ; to condense. L. compressum, sup. of comprimo: con, together, and premo, to press. COMPRISE, v. To contain. F. compris, comprised; from c&mprendre. See COMPREHEND. COM— CON COMPROMISE, s. Mutual abatement. F. compromis: L. compro- missum: con, together, and promissus, p. part, of promitto, to pro- mise. COMPTROLLER, s. A director; a supervisor. F. compte, an account, and rolle, a list. COMPULSION, s. Act of compelling. L. compukio: compulsus, p, . part, of compello. See COMPEL. COMPUNCTION, s. Uneasiness of conscience. F. compunction.- Lo punctus, p. part, of pungo, to prick. COMPURGATOR, s. One who bears his testimony to the credibility of another : (compurgators are not, however, admitted in modem times.) L. compurgator ,- con, together, and purgo, to cleanse. — - See Hume's History of England ; or Blackstone's Commentaries. COMPUTE, v. To calculate. L. computo; con, together, and puio> to consider. CONCATENATION, s. A series of links ; uninterrupted succession, L. con, together, and catena, a chain. CONCAVE, adj. Hollow; opposed to convex. L. concavus ; from cavea, a cave. CONCEAL, v. To hide. L. conceh: celo, to hide. CONCEDE, v. To yield, or grant. L. concedo: con, with, and cedo> to yield. CONCEIT, s. Thought; opinion; pride. F. concept : L. conceptus, p, part, of concipio, to conceive. CONCEIVE, v. To form in the mind; to comprehend; to think j. to- become pregnant. F. concevoir: L. concipio .• con, with, and capio? to take. CONCENTRATE, v. To bring towards the centre; to bring together, L. con, together, and centrum, the centre. CONCEPTION, s. Act of conceiving; thing conceived; idea; know= ledge ; state of becoming pregnant. L. conceptio: conceptus, p. part* of concipio, to conceive : con, together, and capio, to take~ CONCERN, s. Business ; participation ; regard. F. concerner, to re- gard : L. con, with, and cerno, to see. CONCESSION, s. Act of conceding. L. concessio ; from con, and cessum, sup. of cedo, to yield, CONCHOLOGY. s. A description of shell-fish, or of shells; the sci- ence which treats of shell-fish. L. concha, a shell-fish, or shell, and G. logos, a word. CONCILIATE, v. To reconcile; to gain. L. concilia : concilium, a council. CONCISE. adj\ Brief. L. concisus, part, of concidor, to cut. CONCLAVE, s. A close assembly. L. conclave, an inner apartment i con, with, and clavis, a key. CONCLUDE, v. To finish; to decide. L. conclude ; con, and chuda, to shut up. CONCLUSION, s. Act of concluding ; termination ; result. L. con* clusio. See CONCLUDE. CONCOCT, v. To digest; to ripen. L. concoctum, sup. of concoquo,, to boil. CONCOMITANT, adj. Accompanying. L. concomitans: con, toge- E2 CON— CON ther, and comitans, part, of comitor, to accompany; comes, a compa- nion. CONCORD, s. Agreement. L. concordia: con, tog-ether, and cordia, pi. of cor, the heart. CONCOURSE, s. Assemblage. F. concours: L. concursus. See CONCUR. CONCRETE, s. A substance formed by the union of diy particles- L. concretio: concretus, part, of concresco, to be joined together: con and cresco. CONCUPISCENCE, s. Irregular desire; lust. L. concupiscentia t concupisco, to covet: incep. from con, and cupio, to desire. CONCUR. «. To meet in one point ; to agree. L. concurro: con, to- gether, and curro, to run. CONCUSSION, s. Sudden and great agitation. L. concussio : con, together, and quassus, p. part, of quatio, to shake, or jolt. CONDEMN, v. To pronounce guilty; to censure; to declare unfit for use. L. condemno: con, with, and damnum, loss, or damage. CONDENSE, v. To make closer. L. condenso-.- con, together, and dtnseo, to thicken. CONDESCEND, v. To stoop. L. condescendo : core, with, and de- scendo, to come down. CONDIGN, adj. Suitable ; deserved. L. condignus; from con, with, and dignus, worthy, fit. CONDITION, s. Stipulation; state. L. conditio.- condo, to build. CONDOLE, v. To join in grief. L. condoleo : con, with, and doleo, to grieve. CONDUCE, v. To aid in promoting; to contribute. L. conduco: con, together, and duco, to lead. CONDUCT', v. To lead, or direct. L. conduco. • con, together, and ductus, p. part, of duco, to lead. CONTJUCT. 5. Management; behaviour. See the verb. CONDUIT. 5. An aqueduct, formed of pipes. F. conduit. See CONDUCT'. CONE. s. A solid body, having a circular base, and declining regular- ly to a point. L. conus : G. konos, the seed of the pine; or a cone. CONFABULATION, s. Conversation. L. confabulatio: con, together, and fabula, a discourse. CONFECTIONER, s. A maker of sweetmeats. L. confectio, a pre- paration: con, together, and fucio, to make. CONFEDERATE. s. An ally; an associate. L. con, together, and fosderatus, allied : fosdus, a league. CONFER, v. To consult; to bestow. L. confero: con, together, and . fero, to bring. CONFESS, v. To acknowledge; to avow; to hear the confession of a penitent, as a priest. F. confesser: L. confiteor: con, with,, axi&fateor, to own or avow: fatus, p. part, of for, to speak. CONFIDENCE, s. Belief; trust; firmness. L. confidential from con, with, and fides, faith. CONFI'NE. v. To limit; to imprison. F. confiner: L. con, with, and finis, a boundary. CON'FINES. s. Borders. F. confins : L. confine, a place adjoining: con, together, and finis, a boundary. CON— CON CONFIRM, v. To strengthen; to establish. L. confirmo: con, tog-ether, and forma, to strengthen. CONFISCATE, v. To seize for public use. L. confiscor: jiscus, a public money-bag. CONFLAGRATION, s. An extensive fire. F. conflagration .• L. cor?. together, and flagro, to burn. CONFLICT, s. A violent collision ; a combat. L. conflictm ; from confligo: con, together, and fligo, to dash. CONFLUENCE, s. Meeting of streams. L. confluens, part, of con- fluo: con, together, and fluo, to flow. CONFLUX, s. Concourse ; crowd. L. confluxus, part, of conflus. See CONFLUENCE. CONFORM, v. To assimilate ; to comply with. L. conformo ; con, with, and formo, to shape. CONFOUND, v. To perplex, or amaze. L. confundo: con, together, and /undo, to pour. CONFRONT, v. To bring face to face. F. con f router.- L. con, toge- ther, and frons, the forehead, or front. CONFUSE, v. To disorder, or perplex. L. confusus, p. part, of con- fundo. See CONFOUND. CONFUTE, v. To convict of error, or falsehood. L. confuto,- from con, and futo, to argue. CONGEAL, v. To become solid, as ice. L. congelo: gelu, ice. CONGE' D'ELIRE. s. Signifies, in England, the king's permission to a dean and chapter, to choose a bishop. F. conge, a license, d'elire, to elect. CONGENIAL, adj. Of the same kind; agreeable. L. con, with, and genus, a sort. CONGLOMERATE, v. To become round. L. conglomero: con, and glomus, a ball of thread. CONGLUT1NATE. v. To cement. L. conglutino.- gluten, glue. CONGRATULATE, v. To rejoice with a person on account of his good fortune. L. congratulor: con, with, and gratus, thankful. CONGREGATION, s. A collection; a religious assembly. L. congre- gatio; from con, together, and gregis, gen. of grex, a flock. CONGRESS, s. A meeting; a national assembly. L. congressio,- from congredior: con, together, and gradior, to go: gradus, a step. CONJECTURE, s. Supposition. L. conjectura: con, together, and jacio, to throw [our ideas.] CONJUGAL, adj. Matrimonial. L. conjugalis: conjagis, gen. of con- jux: con, together, and junctus, p. part, of jungo, to join. CONJUGATE, v. To decline a verb through its variations, and with a nominative prefixed; so that the verb shall agree with the nomina- tive, in number and person. L. conjugo: con, together, and jugo, to join. CONJUNCTION, s. Act of conjoining ; a connector of words. L. conjunction from conjungo: con, together, and jungo, to join. CONNECT, v. To join. L. connecto ; from con, together, and necto, to link, or knit. CONNIVE, v. To aid, by pretending ignorance of another's design. L. conniveo, -to wink. CON— CON CONNOISSEUR, s. A judge, or critic. F. connoisseur: L. cognosco. « to know. CONNUBIAL, adj. Nuptial. L. connubialis: con, together, and nubo, to cover, or marry. Amongst the Romans, it was customary for the bride to wear a veil. CONOIDE. s. A figure resembling a cone. G. konos, a cone, and oidos, form. CONQUER, v. To gain by conquest; to overcome. L. conquiro, to seek about, to get together. See CONQUEST. CONQUEST, s. What is now called purchase, the feudists called con- quest (conquestus, or conquisitio): both signifying, in law, any means of acquiring an estate, out of the common course of inheritance: hence, the term was afterwards used to denote the act of subduing, or placing in subjection. L. con, with, or together, and qusesitus, p. part, of queero, to seek. CONSANGUINITY, s. Relation by blood. L. consanguinitas : con, together, and sanguis, blood. CONSCIENCE, s. Self-knowledge; moral feeling. L. conscientia: con, with, and sciens, part, of scio, to know. CONSCIENTIOUS.^'. Regulated by conscience; exactly just. See CONSCIENCE. CONSCIOUS, adj. Knowing any thing, from internal judgment, or moral feeling. L. conscius. See CONSCIENCE. CONSCRIPTION, s. Military enrolment. L. conscriptio: con, toge- ther, and scriptus, p. part, of scribo, to write. CONSECRATE, v. To make holy; to dedicate. L. consecro : con, with, and sacro, to make sacred. CONSECUTIVE, adj. Uninterrupted. F. consecutif: L. con, toge- ther, and secutus, part, of sequor, to follow. CONSENT, v. To agree; to admit. L. consentio: con, with, and sentio y to think, or perceive. CONSEQUENCE, s. Effect. L. consequentia ,- from consequens, fol- lowing, or ensuing. Consequence is often improperly used for importance, — a person of consequence, instead of a person of import- ance. CONSERVATOR, s. A preserver of the public happiness. L. con- servator,- from con, together, and servo, to keep. CONSERVATORY. s. A place for holding delicate things. See CONSERVATOR. CONSIDER, v. To study; to regard. L. considero: con, with, and sedeo, to sit. CONSIDERABLE, adj. Worthv of consideration; great. See CON- SIDER. CONSIGN, v. To assign, or intrust. L. consigno: con a with, and signo, to mark. CONSIST, v. To agree (followed by with)^ to be contained. L. con- sisto: con, together, and sisto, to be set. CONSISTENT, adj. According; proper. L. consistens, part, of con- sisto: con, together, and sisto, to be set. CONSISTORIAL. adj. Relating to an ecclesiastical court. L. con- sisto, to remain in one place : that is, not circuitous, as some of the, common-law courts. e ON— CON CONSOLE, v. To comfort. L. consolor,- from con, with, and solar, to cheer. CONSOLIDATE, v. To make firm; to unite. L. con, tog-ether, and solid us, firm. CONSO'NANT. adj. According" with. L. consoncms, part, of consono.- con, with, and sono, to sound. CONSONANT, s. A letter, such as b, c, d; the name of which cannot be articulated without the aid of a vowel 5 therefore, sounded with another letter. See CONSO'NANT. CONSORT, s. A wife; a companion. L. con, together, and sors, a lot. CONSPICUOUS, adj. Obvious to the sight ; distinguished. L. con- spicuus,- from conspicio, (con, and specio,) to discern. CONSPIRE, v. To plot; to join. L. conspiro: con, tog-ether, and spiro, to breathe. CONSTABLE, s. This officer was so called, because his duty was to reg-ulate all matters of chivalry, tilts, tournaments, and feats of arms, that were performed on horseback. L. comes, an attendant or companion, stabuli, (g"en. of stabulum,) of the stable. CONSTANT, adj. Perpetual; continent; assiduous. L. const cms ,- from con, with, and stans, part, of sto, to stand. CONSTELLATION, s. A cluster of stars. L. con, together, and stellae, pi. of stella, a star. CONSTERNATION, s. Amazement. L. consternatio: con, together, and sterno, to spread, or throw down. CONSTIPATE, v. To thicken ; to make costive. L. constipo: con, tog-ether, and stipo, to stuff. CONSTITUENT, s. A necessary part; one who appoints. L. consti- tuens. See CONSTITUTE. CONSTITUTE, v. To form; to appoint. L. constituo; con, together, and staiuo, to establish : sto, to stand. CONSTITUTION, s. The act of constituting ; established form of government; frame. L. constitutio. See CONSTITUTE. CONSTRAIN, v. To compel; to hinder by force. F. constraindre : L. con, together, and stringo, to bind. CONSTRUE, v. To explain; to interpret. L. construo ,• from con, together, and struo, to arrange. CONSTRUCT, v. To frame ; 'to build ; to form in the mind. L. con- structus, p. part, of construo: con, together, and struo, to pile up. CONSTRUCTION, s. The act of constructing; structure; grammatical,, logical, or mathematical, arrangement. L. constructio. See CON- • STRUCT. CONSUL, s. A species of public officer. L. consul ; from consulo, to advise, or provide for. CONSUME, v. To spend; to destroy. L. consumo : con, with, and sumo, to take. CONSUMMATE, v. To complete. L. consummo ; from summus, the top. CONSUM'MATE. adj. Complete; accomplished. L. consummates, See the verb. CONSUMPTION, s. The act of consuming ; wasting; state of being consumed. L. consumptio. See CONSUME. CON— CON CONSULT, v. To deliberate together; to ask advice of; to search into, or examine — as, to consult an author. L. consulto, frequent, of con- sub : con, together, and salio, to leap ; signifying, to run or act in accordance. CONTACT, s. Touch; junction. L. contactus, p. part, of contingo : con, together, and tango, to touch. CONTAGION, s. Infection, from contact. L. contagio. See CON- TACT. CONTAIN, v. To hold; to comprise. L. contineo: con, together, and teneo, to hold. CONTAMINATE, v. To corrupt. L. contamino, to mix one thing with another. CONTEMN, v. To despise. L. contemno: con, and temno, to despise: G. temno, to cut off. CONTEMPLATE, v. To study. L. contemplor: templum, a recess. CONTEMPORARY, or COTEMPORARY. adj. Existing at the same time. L. con, together, and temporis, gen. of tempus, time. CONTEMPT, s. Act of despising others; scorn. L. contemptio: con- temptus, p. part, of contemno. See CONTEMN. CONTEND, v. To strive in opposition. L. contendo,- from con, toge- ther, and tendo, to stretch out. CONTENT, adj. Satisfied. L. contentus, p. part, of contineo: con, with, and teneo, to hold fast. CONTENTION, s. Act of contending ; strife. L. contentio. See CONTEND. CONTEST, v. To dispute. L. contestor: con, together, and testor, to aver, or call evidence. CONTEXT, s. General connexion or body of a discourse. L. con- textus, woven together. CONTIGUOUS, adj. Meeting, so as to touch. L. contiguus; from contingo. See CONTACT. CONTINENCE. 5. Self-restraint; chastity. F. continence: L. conti- nentia. See CONTINENT. CONTINENT, adj. Unchangeable; chaste. F. continent: L. conti- nent, part, of contineo: con, together, and teneo, to hold. CONTINENT. s. A vast tract of land. F. continent. See the ad- jective. CONTINGENT, adj. Happening by chance ; accidental. L. contin- gent, part, of contingo: con, together, and tango, to touch. CONTINUE, v. To remain; to extend; to protract. L. continuo: con, together, and teneo, to hold. CONTINUITY, s. Connexion ; continuation. F. continuity. See CONTINUE. CONTORTION, s. Twist; contraction. L. contortio; from con, toge- ther, and tortus, p. part, of torqueo, to twist. CONTRACT', v. To draw together; to lessen in extent ; to bargain. L. contr actum, sup. of contraho: con, together, and traho, to draw. CONTRACT, s. A bargain. See the verb. CONTRACTION, s. The act of shortening. L. contradio. See CONTRACT. CONTRADICT, v. To deny, or oppose verbally. L. contradictum % sup; of cmtradico: contra, against, and dim, to speak. CON— CON CONTRADISTINGUISH, v. To distinguish, by qualities, not only different, but opposite. L. contra, opposite to, and distinguish. CONTRARY, adj. Opposite; adverse. L. contrarius: contra, against, or opposite to. CONTRAST, s. Opposition, in form, colours, &c. F. contraste : L, contra, opposite to. CONTRA VALIDATION, s. A defence erected parallel with another. L. contra, against, and vallum, a defence- CONTRAVENE, v. To oppose; to obstruct; to baffle. L. contravenio: contra, against, and venio, to come. CONTRIBUTE, v. To give aid, in conjunction with one or more persons. L. contribuo: con, together, and tribuo, to give. CONTRITE, adj. Penitent. L. contritus, p. part, of contero: con, together, and tritus, p. part, ofiero, to rub, or break. CONTRIVE, v. To plan. F. controuver: comme, as or like, and trou- ver, to find. CONTROL, s. Check; restraint. F. controle ,• from centre, against, and rolle, a list : meaning, a document capable of discovering the errors of an account. CONTROVERT, v. To dispute. L. controverto; from contra, against, and verto, to turn. CONTUMELY, s. Contempt; reproach. L. contumelia,- from contra, against, and tumeo, to swell. CONTUSION, s. Bruise. L. contusio: con, together, and tusus, p. part, of tundo, to beat. CONVALESCENT, adj. Recovering strength. L. convalescens, part. of convalesco, to grow strong: valeo, to be able. CONVENE, v. To assemble. L. convenio : con, together, and venio, to come. CONVENIENT, adj. Suitable; commodious. L. conveniens, part, of convenio: con, together, and venio, to come. CONVENT, s. A monastery, or nunnery. L. conventus, p. part, of convenio. See CONVENE. CONVENTICLE, s. A little assembly; a small congregation of schis- matics, or sectarians ; a secret assembly. L. conventiculum, dim. of conventus, a meeting. See CONVENE. CONVENTION, s. Act of convening ; an assembly; a contract. L. conventio. See CONVENE. CONVERGE, v. To tend towards one point. L. convergo: con, toge- ther, and vergo, to incline. CONVERSANT, adj. Acquainted with, in relation to things. F. conversant, part, of converser. See CONVERSE. By this species of conversation, things are personified. CONVERSED v. To talk together. L. conversor,- from con, together, and verso, to turn often. CON' VERSE, s. A term in geometry and logic, signifying opposition. L. convwsus, p. part, of converto. See CONVERT. CONVERT, v. To change ; to appropriate. L. converto ; con, with, and verto, to turn. CONVEY, v. To carry; to impart. L. conveko : con, with, and veho, to carrv, CON— COR CONVICT', v. To prove guilty. L. convictum, sup. of amvinco, to vanquish, or convict. CONVICTION, s. Proof of guilt ; act of convincing ; state of being convinced. See CONVICT. CONVINCE, v. To overcome or satisfy by argument. L. convinco, to vanquish, or convince. CONVIVIAL, adj. Social? cheerful. L. convivialis : con, together, and v ivo, to live. CONVOCATION, s. Act of convoking ; an assembly summoned by authority. L. convocatio. See CONVOKE. CONVOKE, v. To assemble by authority. L. convoco: con, together, and voco, to call. CONVOLUTION, s. The act or state of rolling together. L. convo- lutio. See CONVOLVE. CONVOLVE, v. To roll one part upon another. L. convolvo : con, together, and volvo, to roll. CON'VOY. s. A guard, when passing by land or sea; things guarded. F. convoi : L. con, with, and F. voir, to see. CONVULSE, v. To shake violently into disorder. L. convulsus, p. part, of convelb: con, together, and vello, to tug. COOK. s. One who dresses and prepares food for the table. L. co- quus; from coquo, to boil. CO-OPERATE, v. To labour or act jointly. L. con, together, and operate. CO-ORDINATE, adj. Having the same rank. L. con, together, and ordinatus, p. part, of ordino, to range. COPIOUS, adj. Plentiful. L. copiosus,- from copia, plenty. COPULA, s. In logic, signifies the word which unites the subject and predicate of a proposition. L. copula,- from copulo, to couple. See COUPLE. COPULATIVE, adj. A term in grammar and logic. L. copulativus. See COUPLE. COPY. s. Exact resemblance. F. copie: L. copia, fulness; because, a copy contains the whole matter or form of the original. COQUET, s. A female who assiduously endeavours to gain admirers. F. coquette,- from queter, to search. CORAM NON JUDICE. Before an improper tribunal. L. coram, before, non, not, judice, abl. of judex, a judge. CORDIAL. 5. A stimulating- or comforting medicine. F. cordial: L. cor, the heart. CORDIAL, adj. Comforting; sincere; friendly. F. cordial: L. cor, the heart. CORDON, s. An extensive line of soldiers, to prevent communication between different places. F. cordon, a string. CORE. s. The inner part, generally of vegetables. F. coeur.- L. cm', the heart. CORNEA, s. The horny coat of the eye. L. cornea,- from cornu, a horn. CORNUCOPIA, s. A heathenish fiction, referring to the horn said to have been broken off from Aehelbus, by Hercules. L. cornucopia • cornu, a horn, and copia, abundance. CORNUTED. Horned. L. cornutus .- cornu, a horn. COR— COS COROLLA.RY. s. Conclusion ; surplus of a train of reasoning. L. corolh, a little crown : meaning", figuratively, that which crowns or finishes the whole. CORONATION, s. The act of crowning-. L. corona, a crown. CORONER, s. An officer whose chief duty is to inquire, on the part of a sovereign, or state, how any violent or accidental death was caused. F. coronaire : L. corona, a crown. CORONET, s. The crown of a nobleman. L. corona, a crown; through the Italian dim. coronetta. CORPORAL, adj. Relating- to the body. L. corporalis : corpus, a body, or any substance. CORPORATION, s. A chartered company; persons embodied. L. corpus, a body. CORPOREAL, adj. Having a body; not spiritual. L. corporeus. See CORPORAL. CORPS, s. A body of soldiers; a professional body, (pronounced core.) F. corps : L. corpus, a bodv- COUPS DIPLOMATIQUE. The diplomatic body. F. corps, a body. and diplomatique, diplomatic. CORPSE, s. A dead human body. L. corpus, a body. CORPULENT, adj. Large in flesh. L. corpukntus,- from corpus, the body, and lentus, heavy. CORPUSCLE, s. A particle of matter. L. corpusculum, a small body; dim. of corpus, a body. CORRECT, adj. Revised or finished with correctness; free from faults, L. correct us, p. part, of corrigo: con, and rego, to rule. CORRELATIVE, adj. Having reciprocal relation. L, con, together, and relative. CORRESPOND, v. To communicate by alternate letters ; to fit. L. con, together, and respondeo, to answer. CORRIGIBLE, adj. Relating to that which can be amended. F. cor- rigible : L. corrigo, to set right; con, and rego 9 to govern, CORROBORATE, v. To strengthen by additional evidence. L. cor- roboro; from con, together, and roboro, to strengthen. CORRODE, v. To consume slowly. L. corrodo, to gnaw. CORRUPT, adj. Unsound; infected; depraved. L. corruptus, p. part. of corrumpo: con, together, and rumpo, to break. CORSE, s. A term, used by poets, to denote a dead human body. See CORPSE. CORUSCANT. adj. Glittering. L» coruscans, part, ofcorusco, to glitter. COSMETIC, adj. Beautifying. F. cosmetique: G. kosmetikos; from Jeosmeo, to adorn. COSMOGONY, s. The formation Of the world. G. kosmos, the world, and gone, generation. COSMOGRAPHER. s. One who describes the world. G. kosmos, the world, and grapho, to write. COSMOLOGY, s. The science of the general system of the world. G. kosmos, the world, and logos, a word or description. COSMOPOLITAN, or COSxMOPOLlTE. 5. A citizen of the world- G. kosmos, the world, and polites, a citizen. COSTUME, s. In painting, the different customs of times and places; with which a painter must conform, with regard to dress, &c. F. F COT— COU COTERMINOUS, adj. Terminating at the same point ; ending at the same time ; having a common boundary. L. con, together, and terminus, a boundary or limit. COTILLON, or COTILLION, s. A species of dance. F. cotillon; meaning, originally, a petticoat : that part of the dress being in the dance, occasionally extended by the hands. COUCH, s. A seat for repose; a bed. F. coucke, a bed. COUCHANT. adj. Couching; squatting. F. couchant, part, of coucher, to lie down. COUNSELLOR, s. An adviser. L. consiliarius. See CONSULT. COUNT, v. To number; to reckon; to impute or charge; to depend on. L. computo. See COMPUTE. COUNT, s. One of a certain rank of nobility, on the continent of Eu- rope. In Latin, the counts are called comites, (a title first used in the German empire,) from being the king's attendants. L. comes, a companion. COUNTENANCE, s. Form of the face ; patronage. F. contenance.- L. con, together, and tenens, part of tento, to hold, or remain : mean- ing, that all the features are contemplated in one view. COUNTER, adj. Contrary; opposite. F. contre: L. contra, against. COUNTERACT, v. To labour against. See COUNTER and ACT. COUNTERFEIT, s. A deceitful imitation. F. contrefait, part, of contrefaire; from contre, against, and faire, to make. COUNTERMAND, v. To repeal a command. F. contremander.- L. contra, against, and mando, to give orders. COUNTERMARCH, v. To march back, over the same ground. See COUNTER and MARCH. COUNTERMINE, v. To perforate an enemy's mine; to defeat one stratagem by another. See COUNTER and MINE. COUNTERMOTION. s. Contrary motion. See COUNTER and MOTION COUNTERPOISE, v. To counterbalance. See COUNTER and POISE. . COUNTERSIGN, v. To sign additionally, as secretary or clerk. See COUNTER and SIGN. COUNTERTENOR, s. A term in music. See COUNTER and TENOR. COUNTERVAIL, v. To oppose with an equal degree of power. L. contra, against, and valeo, to be able. COUNTERWORK, v. To counteract. See COUNTER and WORK. COUNTY, s. That division of a country , formerly placed under the jurisdiction of a count, now called, in England, a sheriff. See COUNT. COUP DE GRACE. The stroke which terminated the sufferings of those who had been broken on the wheel. F. coup, a stroke, de, of, grace, favour, or mercy. COUP DE MAIN. A bold and sudden enterprise. F. coup, a blow or action, de, of, main, the hand. COUP D'ESSAI. First experiment; first trial. F. COUP IP CEIL. The entire view, suddenly taken. F. coup, a stroke, de, of, ceil, the eye. COUPLE, s. A means of joining two things; two; a male and his fe~ cou— cm male. F. couple : L. copula ; from copulo, to join : con, together, and pulsus, p: part, of pello, to drive. COURAGE, s. Bravery, of the highest kind ; active fortitude. F. courage: coeur, the heart: L. cor. COURIER, s. A messenger. F. courier: L. curro, to run. COURSE, s. Race; progress; way. F. course.- L. cursus, a race; from curro, to run. COURTEOUS. • adj. Having the refined manners of a court; polite. F. courtois; cour, a court. L. extra. COUSIN, s. Any one collaterally related, more remotely than a bro- ther or a sister. F. cousin .• L. consanguineus : con, together, and sanguis, blood. See GERMAN. COVE. s. A recess; a circular bay. F. cove, a pigeon-hole ; couver, to he hidden. COVENANT, s. A contract. F. 'convenant, part, of convenir, to agree: L. con, together, and venio, to come. COVERT, s. A shelter; a hiding place. F. couvert, shelter: couver, to lurk. COVERT, adj. Sheltered ; having the legal privileges of a married woman. See the noun. COVERTURE, s. In law, the condition of a woman during her mar- riage. See FEME COVERT. COVEY, s. A brood of partridges. F. couvee; from couver, to brood or sit on. CRAZY, adj. Shattered; mentally deranged. F. ecraze, part, of ecra- ser, to break into pieces. CREATE, v. To originate; to make. L. creatus, p. part, of creo, to make. CREATURE, s. Thing created. See CREATE. CREDENCE, s. Belief. L. credens, part, of credo, to believe. CREDENDA. Things to be believed ; articles of religious faith. L, credenda; to be believed: a part, of credo. CREDENTIAL, s. That which authorizes belief. See CREDENCE. CREDIBLE, adj. Worthy of belief. L. oredibilis. See CREDENCE. CREDIT, s. Belief; trust; respectability; allowance. F. credit : L. creditus, p. part, of credo, to believe. CREDITOR, s. One to whom another is indebted. L. creditor. See CREDIT. CREDULITY, s. Incautious belief. F. credulife. See CREDIT. CREED, s. Form of belief. L. credo, I believe ; which is the first word in the apostle's creed. CRESCENT, s. A resemblance of the moon, when apparently increas- ing ; adj. increasing. L. crescens, part, of cresco, to increase. CRESCIVE. adj. Increasing. L. cresco, to increase. CREST, s. A plume of feathers; a term in heraldry; curve of a horse's neck. L. crista, a tuft, or plume. CRIMINAL, adj. Faulty; chargeable with a crime. L. crimen, a crime. CRISIS, s. The height, or turn of a disease; critical time. L. crisis: G. krisis: krino, to judge: because the symptoms have become more evident, and an opinion is the more easily formed. CRITERION, s. A mark; a sign. G. kriierion,- from krites, a judge. CRITIC, s. One who is fond of examining and observing. G.kritikosi krites, a judge; krino, to judge. cm— cur CRITICAL, adj. In the manner of a critic; exact; nicely judicious, See CRITIC. CROSIER, s. A bishop's staff. F. crosier.- L. crux, a cross. CRUCIBLE, s. A chemist's melting-pot. Low L. crucibulum: G. chrusos, gold ; alluding to its use in melting this metal. CRUCIFIX, s. A representation of Christ's death. L. crucifixus : cruris, gen. of crux, a cross, andjfo^s, fastened. CRUDE, adj. Unfinished ; impure. L. crudus, raw. CRUEL, adj. Barbarous; delighting to hurt others; inhuman. L» crudelis; from crudus, raw, rough, or untutored. CRUISE. 5. A sea-adventure. F. croise: L. crux, a cross. The first cruisers displayed the cross, and plundered only infidels. CRURAL, adj. Belonging to the leg. F. crural: L. cruris, gen. of crus, a leg. CRUSADE, s. An expedition against infidels. F. croisade. See CRUISE. CRUSTACEOUS. adj. Covered with a shell, in joints,— not with one continued, uninterrupted shell. A lobster is crustaceous ; an oyster, testaceous. L. crustatus: crusta, a crust. CRYPTOGRAPHY, s. The science of writing secret characters; ciphers. G. krupto, to hide, and grapho, to write. CRYSTAL, s. A hard, transparent, colourless body. F. crystal: L. crystallus: G. krustallos, ice. CUBE. s. A regular, solid body, having six square and equal sides, and all its angles right angles : hence, the arithmetical term, cube- root. L. cubus: G. kubos, a die, such as that used in gambling. CUBIT, s. An ancient measure, equal to the length of a man's arm from the elbow to the extremity of the fingers; about eighteen inches. L. cubitum,- from cubitus, an elbow. CUI BONO. What advantage will result ? L. cui, to what, bono, good : (dat. ofquis and bonus.) CUI MALO. What mischief will result ? L. cut, to what, malo, evil: (dat. of quis and malus.) •CULINARY, adj. Relating to a kitchen. L. culina, a kitchen. CULL. v. To choose. F. cueillir, to gather. CULPABLE, adj. Blamable ; criminal. L. culpabilis : culpa, a fault. CULPRIT, s. One accused. L. culpa, a fault. CULTIVATE, v. To improve ; to till. F. cultiver; L. cultum, sup. of colo, to till. CUM MULTIS ALUS. With many other persons, or things. L. cum, with, multis, many, aliis, others : (abl. pi. of multus and alius. ) CUMULATIVE, adj. Heaping one thing upon another; adding one thing to another. L. cumulus, a heap. CUPIDITY, s. Unlawful desire. L. cupiditas: cupio, to desire. CUPREOUS, adj. Partaking of copper. L..cupreus: cuprum, copper. CURATE, s. A clergyman paid to officiate for a superior. L. curator; from cur a, care. CURATOR, s. A superintendent. L. curator: cura, care. CURB. v. To restrain. F. courbir, to bend. CURE. v. To heal; to prepare for keeping. L. euro,- from cura, care, CUR— DAC CURFEW, s. A signal made in England, by the Normans, at a certain hour in the evening, when every housekeeper must extinguish his light. F. couvrezfeu, cover the fire. CURIOUS, adj. Inquisitive ; worthy of notice. L. curiosus; from cura, care, or concern. CURRENT, adj. Passing from one to another ; circulating. L. cur- reus, part, of curro, to run. CURRENT, s. A stream. — See the adjective. CURSORY, adj. Hasty. I,, cursor his : curso, to run backwards and forwards : freq. of. curro, to run. CURTAIL, v. To cut short; to diminish in length; to lessen. F. courte, short, and tailler, to cut. CURVE, v. To bend. L. curvo, to bend. CURVET, v. To play as a horse. L. curvo, to bend. CURVILINEAR, adj. Relating to a curved line. L. citrvus, bent, and linea, a line. CUSTODY, s. Charge; confinement. L. custodia,- from custos, a keeper. CUSTOS-ROTULORUM. s. An officer who has the custody of the county-records. L. custos, a keeper, rotulorum, of the rolls [of written parchment or paper. ] CUTANEOUS, adj. Relating or belonging to the skin. L. cutis, the skin. CUTICLE, s. The outermost covering of the body ; that very tender skin which rises in a blister. L. cuticula, dim. of cutis, the skin. CUTLER, s. One who makes, repairs, or sells knives. F. coutelier; L. culler, a knife. CYCLE, s. A circle ; a revolution of time. G. kuJclos, a circle. CYCLOID, s. A species of geometrical curve. G. kukloeides : kuMos 9 a circle, and eidos, a shape. CYCLOPAEDIA, s. A book which treats of all the sciences. G. kuklos 9 a circle, and paideia, instruction. CYCLOPS, s. A fabled race of men, of gigantic stature, who inha- bited the western part of Sicily, and were said to have only one eye, in the middle of the forehead. L. cyclopes .- G. kuklops : comp. of kuklos, a circle, and ops, an eye. CYGNET. s. A young swan. L. cycnus, or cygnus, a swan. CYLINDER, s. A body having two flat surfaces, and one circular. L. cylindrus : G. kulindreo, to roll. CYLINDROIDE. s. That which in form resembles a cylinder : comp, of CYLINDER, and G. oidos, form. CYMBAL. s. A species of musical instrument. L. cymbalum ; from cymba, a cup. G. kumhos, a cavity. CYNIC, s. A follower of Diogenes; a disagreeable, snarling fellow* L. cynicus: G. kunikos; from kuon, a dog. D. DACTYLE. s. A poetical foot, consisting of one long, and two short syllables ; as numtne. L. dactylus : G. daktuios, a finger : alluding to the joints of a finger. F2 DAM— DEC DAMAGE, s. Injury, which lessens the value ; hurt. F. dommage: L. damnum, loss. DAMN. v. To condemn; to curse. L. damno, to condemn: from damnum, injury. DATA. Thing's given, or premises, as grounds of argument. — Sing-. DATUM. L. dolus, p. part, of do, to give. DATE. s. Period of time when an action is performed, or when an event happened. L. datus, p. part, of do, to give, or make. DATIVE, adj. A case in grammar, denoting to whom given. L. da~ tivus: datus, p. part, of do, to give. DAUNT, v. To intimidate. F. dompter : L. domito, to tame. DEACON, s. One of a certain order in the church. L. diaconus: G. diahoneo, to minister. DEAN. s. One of a certain order in the episcopal church. F. doyen : L. decanus: from.the G. dtka, ten; because, a dean was originally placed over ten prebendaries. DEBAR, v. To prevent. F. de, from, and barre, a bolt or bar. DEBARK, v. To come on shore. F. debar quer: de, from, and barque, a boat. DEBASE, v. To degrade ; to adulterate. See BASE. DEBATE, v. To dispute; to deliberate. F. debatre.- L. de, concern- ing, and batuo, to combat. DEBENTURE, s. Written evidence of a debt, signed on account of a state or public company. F. debenture : L. debeo, to owe. DEBILITY, s. Weakness; feebleness. L. debilitas: de, from, and habilitas, ability. See ABILITY. DEBIT, s. In mercantile language, signifies the debtor side of an ac- count, or an item placed at the debtor side L. debitus, p. part, of debeo, to owe. DEBT. s. Something due. L. debitum,- from debeo, to owe. DECADE, s. The sum often. F. decade.- G. deka, ten. DECADENCE, s. Decline; fall. F. decadence: L. de, from, and ca~ dens, part, of eado, to fall. DECALOGUE, s. The Ten Commandments. G. dekalogos: deka, ten, and logos, a word. DECALVATE. v. To make bald. L. cahus, bald. DECAMP, v. To go from the site of a camp; to depart. F. decamper: de, from, and camp, a camp. DECAPITATE, v. To behead. L. decapito : de, from, and caput, the head. DECAY, v. To become infirm; to rot. F. dechoir : L. decado: de, from, and cado, to fall. DECEASE, s. Death. L,.decessus: decedo, to depart : de, from, and eedo, to go. DECEDENT, s. In law, one who has died. L. decedens, part, of de- eedo % to depart. DECEIT, s. Fraud ; artifice. L. deceptio ; from deceptus, p. part, of decipio : de, from, and capio, to take. DECEIVE, v. To use deceit. L. deeipio. See DECEIT. DECEMBER. 5. The twelfth month ; but, formerly, the tenth, when the year Vegan in March, L. December? from decern^ ten. DEC— DEF DECEMVTRATE. s. The office of the ten governors of Rome. L decemmratus : decern, ten, and wW, men. DECENNARY, s. A civil division, comprising-, by a law of Alfred. ten freeholders and their families. L. decern, ten. DECENT, adj. Becoming; modest. L. deceits, part, of deceo, to be- come. DECEPTION, s. The act of deceiving. This word conveys a less immoral meaning than deceit; though it is derived from the same word. L. deceptio. See DECEIT. DECIDE, v. To conclude ; to determine. L. decido: de, from, and csedo, to cut. DECIDUOUS, adj. Losing the foliage at the end of a season. L deciduus : decido t de, from, and cado, to fall. DECIMAL, adj. Numbered by ten. L. decimus, the tenth : decim, ten. DECIMATE, v. To take the tenth part. L. decimo : decern, ten. DECISIVE, adj. Conclusive ; determined. F. decisif. See DECIDE. DECLAIM, v. To harangue ; to speak to the passions. L. declarao de, concerning, and clamo, to call out. DECLARE, v. To publish; to assert. L. declaro; from de, concern- ing, and claro, to brighten. DECLENSION, s. Act of declining ; declination ; decay ; inflexion of nouns. L. declinatio. See DECLINE. DECLINE, v. To bend from ; to refuse ; to decay. L. declino .- de, from, and clino, to bend. DECLIVITY, s. Inclination, reckoned downwards. L. declivitas : de, from, and clivus, a slope. DECOCTION, s. Act of boiling any thing; an extract by boiling. F. decoction: L. decoctum: decoquo : de, from, and coquo, to boil. DECOMPOSE, v. To separate; to disturb. L. de, from, and compose. DECORATE, v. To adorn. L. decoro: decor, beauty. DECOROUS, adj. Decent; proper. L. decarus. See DECORUM. DECORUM, s. Decency ; propriety. L. decorum: decor, decency. DECREASE, v. To diminish. L. decresco: de, signifying from, or deprivation, and cresco, to grow. DECREE, v. To enact; to resolve. L. decretum, sup. of decerno: de, concerning, and ctrno, to see, or judge. DECREPIT, adj. Infirm. L. decrepitus,- from de, and crepo, to creak, or jingle. DECRETAL, adj. Relating to a decree. F. decretal. See DECREE. DEDICATE, v. To assign or devote to a patron ; to appropriate. L. dedico : de, from, and dico, to appoint. DEDUCE, v. To draw, in a connected series ; to infer. L. deduco : de, from, and duco, to draw, or bring. > DEDUCT, v. To subtract. L. deductum, sup. of deduco: de, from, and duco, to draw. DEED. s. Written evidence of a grant, or of any legal act ; action ; exploit ; reality. L. dedi, I have given : perfect tense of do, to give. DEFACE, v. To disfigure ; to erase. L. de, from, and face. DE FACTO. From the fact. L. de, from, facto, abl. of factum, a thing done. See DE JURE, DEF— DEL DEFAME, v. To injure in character. L. de, from, and famt. DEFEASANCE, s. Act of annulling- a contract; the written instru- ment, in which the defeasance is contained. F. See DEFEASIBLE. DEFEASIBLE, adj. Subject to be annulled or abrogated. F. defaire, to undo. L. de, from, and facio, to make. DEFEAT, s. Overthrow. F. defeat e: defait, part, of defaire, to undo : L. de, from, and f ado, to make. DEFECT, s. Absence of something necessary ; imperfection. L. de- fectus, p. part, of deficio: de, from, and facio, to make. DEFECTION, s. Desertion ; revolt. L. defectio. See DEFECT. DEFEND, v. To protect; to vindicate. L. defendo: de, from, and fendo, to guard. DEFER, v. To put off; to delay. L. differo: de, from, and fero, to cany. DEFERENCE, s. Respect. F. deference.- L. de,from, and fero, to carry, or incline : that is, to withdraw to a respectful distance. DEFICIENT, adj. Defective ; incomplete. L. deficiens. See DE- FECT. DEFINE, v. To describe precisely ; to explain. L. dejinio; from de, concerning-, and finis, a boundary. DEFINITE, adj. Limited; certain. L. definitus. See DEFINE. DEFINITION, s. Act of defining ; precise description ; explanation. L. definitio. See DEFINE. DEFLECTION, or DEFLEXION, s. Deviation. L. deflexus, p. part, of deflecto: de, from, and ftecto, to bend. DEFLUXION. s. In medical language, the flow of humours down- wards. L. defiuxio .• dejiuxus, part, of defluo : de, from, and Jluo, A,o flow. DEFRAUD, v. To cheat. L. defraudo: fraus, (gen. fraudis) deceit. DEGENERATE, v. To become inferior to a progenitor. L. degenero: de, from, and genus, a race ; that is, to fall from its own kind. DEGRADE, v. To lower in rank ; to disgrace. F. degrader } L. de, from, and gradus, a step, or degree. DEGREE, s. Relative situation; rank; measure. F. degr6 : L. de, from, and gradus, a step. DEIFY, v. To invest with the title of a god ; to adore as a god. F. deifier : L. deus, a god, andjfo, to be made. DEIGN, v. To think worthy ; to vouchsafe. F. daigner. L..dignor: dignus, worthy. DEIST. *. One who believes in God, but not in the Christian doc- trines. F. deiste,- from the L. deus, God. DEITY s. God; also a heathen god. F. deite: L. deus, God, or a god. G. Theos. DEJECT, v. To depress in spirits. L. dejectum, sup. of dejicio: de, from, and jacio, to throw. DE JURE. From the law; by law. L. de, from, jure, abl. of jus, right, or law. A king is said to be such de facto, when in possession of the throne, however obtained ; and de jure, when he has the he- reditary right. See DE FACTO. DELECTABLE, adj. Delightful. L. delectabilis : delecto, to allure. DELEGATE, v. To depute for a special purpose. L. delego; de, from, and lego, {legare,) to intrust, DEL— DEN BELETERIOUS. adj. Destructive 5 poisonous. L. deleterius: deleo, to blot out, or destroy. DELIBERATE, v. To weigh in the mind ; to hesitate. L. delibero: de. concerning", and libra, a balance. DELICATE, adj. Pleasing-; soft; weak. F. delicat: L. dellcatus : delicise, delights. See DELIGHT. DELICIOUS, adj. Sweet ; pleasant. F. delitieux. See DELICATE. DELIGHT, v. To please highly. L. delecto: de, from, and lacto,to allure. DELINEATE, v. To draw the lines of any thing-; to describe. L. delineo ,■ from de, concerning-, and linea, a line. DELINQUENT, s. One who commits a breach of trust. L. delin- quens, part, of delin quo, to omit: linquo, to forsake. DELIQUESCE, v. To become fluid. L. deliquesco: deliqueo, to melt. DELIVER, v. To release ; to relate; to assig-n. F.delivrer: L. de, from, and libero, to free. DELTA, s. A portion of land in the form of a triang-le ; so called, from its resemblance to the G. letter, delta, A. DELTOID, s. A term applied to a triang-ular muscle, for raising* the arm ; delta, (a) a letter of the Greek alphabet, and eidos, shape. DELUDE, v. To beguile. L. deludo,- from de, concerning, and ludo, to play, or mock. DELUGE, s. An immense, overwhelming flood. L. diluvium: diluo, to wash away. DEMAGOGUE, s. A leader of the rabble. G. demagogos,- from de- mos, the people, and agogos, a leader. DEMAND, v. To claim; to ask. F. demander.- L. de, from, and mando, to order. DEMESNE. 5. That part of an estate which is occupied by the lord "himself. Old F. : from the L. dominus, a lord. DEMISE, s. In law, a species of conveyance. The king of England's death, is, in law, termed the demise of the king, to his successor, of his crown and dignity, &c. F. demis, removed : L. demissus, p. part, of demitto : de, from, and mitto, to send away. DEMOCRACY, s. Government by the people. G. demohratia; from demos, the people, and krateomai, to govern. DEMOLISH, v. To throw down; to destroy. L. demolior : de, from, and moles, a heap. DEMON, s. A spirit, either good or bad; a devil. G. daimon, a spirit : daio, to know. DEMONSTRATE, v. To prove with the highest degree of certainty. L. demonstro : de, concerning, and monstro, to show. DEMUR, v. To delay a process in law, by some technical objection. F. demeurer.- L. demoror, to stop. DEMURE, adj. Grave ; of studied gravity. F. de, of, and mceurs, manners, or behaviour. DEMURRAGE, s. Allowance, by a merchant, for the detention of a ship beyond the time appointed. See DEMUR. DENDROLOGY, s. Natural history of trees. G. dendron, a tree, and logos, a discourse. DENOMINATE, v. To distinguish by a name. L. denomino- de, from, and nomino, to name ; nomen, a name. DEN— DEP DENOTE, v. To signify. L. denoto: de, concerning*, and noto, to mark. See NOTE. DENOUEMENT, s. The clearing- up of a plot. F. denouement; . from denouer, to untie. DENOUNCE, v. To threaten, or accuse, publicly. L. denuncio ; comp. of de, concerning, and nuntio, to acquaint. DE NOVO. Afresh; over again. L. de, from, and novo, abl. of novus, new. DENSE, adj. Set closely together; compact. L. densus ,- probably from dens, a tooth, or denies, teeth : alluding to the close arrange- ment of the teeth. DENTAL, adj. Relating to the teeth. L. dentis, gen. of dens, a tooth. DENTATED. adj. Having teeth, or the resemblance of teeth. L. dentatus. See DENTAL. DENTIFRICE, s. Toothpowder. L. dens, a tooth, and frico, to rub. DENTIST, s. A tooth-surgeon. See DENTAL. DENUDATE v. To strip. L. denudo: de, from, and nudo, to strip. DENY. v. Not to grant ; to refuse ; to contradict an accusation ; to disown. F. denier: L. denego: comp. of de, concerning, ne, not, and ago, to act. DEPART, v. To go away. L. de, from, and parlio, to divide. DEPEND, v. To hang; to be connected ; to rely. L. dependeo ; de, from, and pendeo, to hang. DEPICT, v. To describe. L. depictum, sup. of depingo: de, from, and pingo, to paint. D EPILATION, s. Act of stripping off the hair. L. de, from, and pilus, a hair. DEPLETION, s. The act of emptying. L. depletus, p. part, of depleo, to empty. DEPLORE, v. To lament. L. deploro ; from de, concerning, and plow, to bewail. DEPLOY, v. A military term, signifying to display, or spread out. F. deployer : L. dis, asunder, and plico, to fold. DEPONENT, s. One who deposes. L. deponens, part, ofdepono: de, concerning, and pono, to place or allege. DEPOPULATE, v. To unpeople. L. depopulor : de, from, and po- ptdus, people. DEPORT, v. To carry off. L. deporto: de, from, and porto, to carry. DEPORTMENT, s. Behaviour. F. deportement .- L. porto, to carry. DEPOSE, v. To remove, as a monarch from his throne ; to attest. L. depositum, sup. ofdepono: de, from, and pono, to place; or de, con- cerning, and pono, to allege. DEPOSIT, v. To leave for security, or as a pledge. L. depositwn, sup. ofdeponv: de, from, and pono, to place. DEPOT, s. A public store-house. F. depot. See DEPOSIT. DEPRAVE, v. To corrupt. L. depravo: pravus, crooked, or knavish. DEPRECATE, v. To pray against. • L. deprecor : de, from, and precor, to pray. DEPRECIATE, v. To lower in value. L. depretio; comp. of de, from, and pretio. [its usual] price. DEP— DES DEPREDATION, s. Act of plundering. L. deprscdaiio .• de, from, and praedor, to rob. DEPRESS, v. To press down ; to deject. L. depressum, sup. of de> primo : de, from, and- premo, to press. DEPRIVE, v. To bereave ; to prevent from enjoying 1 . L. de, from, and privo, to take away. DEPUTE, v. To send with a special commission ; to empower one to act instead of another. L. deputo : de, from, and puto, to lop. DEPUTY, s. One deputed ; one acting in place of another. F. de- pute: L. deputatus, p. part, of deputo. See DEPUTE. DERANGE, v. To put out of its accustomed rank or place ; to dis- order ; to render insane. F. deranger .• de, from, and rang, a row or place. DERELICTION, s. Desertion. L. derelidio: de, from, and relictus, p. part, of relinquo, to leave behind : re, back, and linquo, to leave. DERIDE, v. To mock or scorn. L. derideo ; from de, concerning, and video, to laugh. DERISION, s. Mockery ; scorn. L. derisio ; from derisus, p. part, of derideo. See DERIDE. DERIVE, v. Originally meant to turn the course of water from its na- tural channel ; but it now means to deduce, or receive by transmis- sion. L. derivo .• de, from, and rivus, a river. DERNIERE-RESSORT. Last resource. . F. dernier, the last, and ressort, a spring or wheel. DEROGATE, v. To detract. L. derogo: de, from, and rogo, to desire, or boiTow. DESCANT, v. To discourse at large. L. dis, separately, and canto, to repeat often. DESCEND. To go downwards ; to sink 5 to fall, in order of inherit- ance, to a successor. L. descendo .- de, from, and scando, to climb. DESCRD3E. v. To delineate. L. describo : de, concerning, and scribo, to write. DESECRATE, v. To divert from the purpose to which any thing was originally consecrated. L. de, from, and sacro, to consecrate. DESERT', v. To forsake. L. deserturn, sup. of desero : de, from, and sero, to sow ; meaning to leave as a place unsown. DES'ERT. s. A wilderness. L. desertus, forsaken. See the verb. DESERT 7 , s. That which is deserved ; merit. L. deservitus, part, of deservio. See DESERVE. DESERVE, v. To merit. L. deservio.- de, for, and sei^vio, to serve. DESICCATE, v. To diy. L. desicco, to dry. DESIDERATUM, s. Something which inquiry hqs not yet been able to ascertain or discover ; something desired, (pi. desiderata.) L. de- sideratiis, p. part, of desidero, to desire. DESIGN, v. To intend, or invent. L. designo : de, out of, and signo, to mark. DESIGNATE, v. To point out, by some particular mark ; to name. L. designatum, sup. of designo. See DESIGN. DESIRE, v. To long for ; to wish ; to ask ; to entreat. F. dearer . L. desidero, freq. of desido : de, concerning, and sedeo, to sit, remain, or continue. DESIST, v. To cease. L. desisto : de, from, and swto, to stop, DES— DET BESOLATE. p. To depopulate; to lay waste. L. desoh ; from def and solus, alone. DESPAIR, v. To be without hope. L. despero : de, signifying* depri- vation, and spew, to hope. DESPERATE, adj. Without hope ; rash. L. desperatus. See DE- SPAIR. DESPICABLE, adj. Contemptible. L. despicabilis. See DESPISE. DESPISE, v. To contemn ; to disrespect. Old F. despiser: L. despicio, to look down. DESPOIL, v. To plunder. L. despolio : de, from, and spolio, t© plunder. DESPOND, v. To despair. L. despondeo : de, signifying privation, and spondeo, to promise. DESPOT, s. An absolute monarch 5 a tyrant. G. despotes, a ruler : deo, to bind, and podes, pi. of pons, a foot. DESTINE, v. To doom ; to design. L. destino, to bind fast together, fix, or appoint. DESTITUTE, adj. Friendless ; in want. L. destitutus, p. part, of destituo ; from de, without, and statuo, to place. DESTROY, v. To lay waste ; to consume. L. destruo : de, from, and struo, to build. DESTRUCTIVE, adj. Causing destruction. L. destructive ; from destructus, p. part, of destruo. See DESTROY. DESULTORY, adj. Roving from place to place ; inconstant ; unme- thodical. L. desultorius : desultum, sup. of desilio : de, from, and salio, to leap. DETACH, v. To separate ; to send away. F. detacher .- L. de, from, and taction, sup. of tango, to touch. DETAIL, v. To relate minutely ; to detach. F. detailler, to cut into pieces. DETAIN, v. To restrain from departure ; to hold. L. detineo : de, from, and teneo, to hold. DETECT, v. To discover. L. defectum, sup. ofdetego, to uncover. DETENTION, s. The act of detaining. L. detentio. See DETAIN. DETER, v. To intimidate. L. deterreo.- de, from, and terreo, to affright. DETERGENT, adj. Cleansing. L. detergens, part, of detergo ,- de, from, and tergo, to wipe. DETERMINE, v. To conclude ; to resolve. L. determino ,- de, con- cerning, and termino, to bound, or finish. DETERSIVE, adj. Cleansing. F. detersif. See DETERGENT. DETEST, v. To abhor. L detestor ; de, from, or against, and testor, to attest, or bear witness. DETHRONE, v. To deprive of regal power. L. de, from, arid throne. DETONATE, v. To make a loud noise, by explosion. L. detono ; comp. of de, from, and tono, to thunder. DETORT. v. To wrest from the original meaning or design. L. de- tortum, sup. of detorqueo „• de, from, and torqueo, to twist. DETOUR, s. An excursion 5 a military term, denoting a turning off from the direct road. F. detour ,- de, from, and tour, a journey. DETRACT, v. To take away ; to derogate. L. detractum, sup. of dttraho ; de s from, and traho^ to draw. DET— DIA DETRIMENT, s. Loss ; damage. L. detrimentum $ from detero, to bruise or beat out ; de, from, and tero, to rub. DETRUDE, v. To thrust out ; to thrust down. L. detrudo ,- de, from, and tnido, to thrust. DETRUNCATE, v. To lop off. L. detrunco ,- de, from, and trunco, to cut. DETRUSION. s. The act of detruding. L. detrusio ; from detrusus, p. part, of detrudo. See DETRUDE. DEUCE, s. Two. F. c/cwa; .• L. efao, two. DEUTERONOMY. 5. The second book or repetition of the law ; fifth book of Moses. G. deuteros, the second, and nomos, a law. DEVASTATE, v. To lay waste. L. devasto ,- vastus, waste. DEVELOP, v. To make known ; to explain. F. developer .- L. de, from, and velum, a veil. DEVEST, or DIVEST, v. To strip ; (witho/.) F. devester: L. de, from, and vestis, a garment. DEVIATE, v. To go out of the usual way ; to err. L. de, from, and, via, a way. DEVIOUS, adj. Out of the usual track ; erring. L. devius. See DEVIATE. DEVISE, v. To contrive ; to consider ; to grant by will. F. deviser : L. de, from or concerning, and video, to see. DEVOLUTION. 5. Act of devolving. L. devolutio ,- devolutus, p. part. ofdevolvo. See DEVOLVE. DEVOLVE, v. To roll from ; to pass from. L. devolvo ,- de, from, and volvo, to roll. DEVOTE, v. To dedicate 5 to appropriate ; to consign. L. devotum, sup. of devoveo, to vow. DEVOUR, v. To eat ravenously. L. devoro, to devour. DEVOUT- adj. Pious; devoted to holy duties. L. devotus. See DEVOTE. DEXTEROUS, adj. Expert. L. dexter,- from dextra, the right hand. DEXTRAL. adj. Relating to the right. L. dextra, the right hand. DIABETES, s. A morbid copiousness of urine. G. diabaites,- dia y through, and baino, to go. DIABOLICAL, adj. Atrocious. L. diabolicus ; G. diabolos,- dia t across, and ballo, to throw. DIACHYLUM, s. A medical preparation, composed of the juices of certain plants. G. dia, through, and chulon, juice. DIADEM, s. A royal crown. L. diadema ,- G. diadema,- dia, around, and deo, to bind. DLERESIS. 5. The disjunction of syllables; ( *' ) as, in cooperate,- G. diairesis ,- from dia, through, and aireo, to cut. DIAGONAL, adj. Reaching from one corner or angle to another, so as to divide a parallelogram into two equal parts. G. diagonios,- dia, through, and gonia, a corner. DIAGRAM, s. Delineation of a geometrical figure. G. diagramma ; dia, throngh, and gramma, a letter, or thing written. DIAL. s. A plate marked with the hours. L. dies, a day. DIALECT, s. The subdivision of a language, as the Attic or Doric forms of the Greek ; a mode of speech which a people haVe chosen G DIA— DIL or adopted ; language in general. G. dialektos ,• dia, through, and lego, to speak. DIALECTICS, s. The science of dialects ; logic. See DIALECT. DIALEIPSIS. s. The cavity or space formed by a wound. G. dia, between, and leipo, to leave. DIALOGUE, s. Formal conversation between two persons. G. dia- logos ,- from dia, between, and logos, a discourse. A colloquy relates to a conversation held by any number of persons. DIAMETER, s. A right line which divides the area of a circle into two equal parts. G. dia, through, and metreo, to measure. DIAMETRICAL, adj. Describing a diameter ; crossing in the manner of a diameter, and hence denoting division or opposition. See DIAMETER. DIAPASON, s. A musical chord which includes all the tones. G. dia, through, said pas, all. DIAPHRAGM, s. The midriff which divides the upper cavity of the body from the lower. G. diaphragma ,- dia, between, and phragma, a fence. DIARRHOEA, s. A flux of the body. L. diarrhoea : G. diarrhoia ,- comp. of dia, from, and rheo, to flow. DIARRHCETIC. adj. Purgative. See DIARRHOZA. DIARY, s. A daily register. L. diarium ,• from dim, a day. DICTATE, v. To speak as one having authority ; to direct. L. freq. v. dido, to speak often : dico, to speak. DICTION, s. Language ; expression. F. diction .- L. dictio ; dico, to DICTIONARY, s. A book containing the form and explanation of words. See DICTION. DIDACTIC, or DIDACTICAL, adj. Instructive. G. didaktikos ,- di- dasko, to teach. DIES NON. A day on which no legal proceedings can take place, or on which public offices are shut. L. dies, a day, and non, not. DIFFER, v. To disagree ; to vary. L. differo ,- dis, asunder, and fero, to carry. DIFFICULTY, s. Trouble ; opposition. L. dijficultas ; from difficilis,- dis, meaning deprivation, and facilis, easy. DIFFIDENT, adj. Not confident ; distrustful. L. diffidens, part, of diffido,- dis, without, and fides, faith. DIFFUSE, v. To spread. L. diffusum, sup. ofdiffundo; dis, asunder, andfundo, to pour out. DIGEST, v. To arrange ; to dissolve, as in the stomach. L. digestum, sup. of digero, to divide : di, asunder, and gero, to carry. DIGIT, s. Three-fourths of an inch. L. digitus, a finger, or finger's breadth. DIGNIFY, v. To exalt ; to honour. L. dignus, honourable, and^o, to be made. DIGNITARY, s. A clergyman of high rank. F. dignitaire : L. digni- tas, dignity : from dignus, worth)", or honourable. DIGRESS, v. To turn aside. L. dig)'essus, part, of digredior ,- dis, from, and gradus, a step. DILACERATE. v. To rend. L. dilacero ; dis, asunder, and lacero, to tear. DIL— DIS DILATE, v. To extend ; to enlarge. L. dllato ; dis, asunder, and la- tum, sup. of fero, to carry. DILATORY, adj. Prone to* defer. L. dilatarius. See DILATE. DILEMMA, s. An argument equally conclusive by contrary supposi- tions ; a difficult choice. - G. dilemma ,■ dis, double, and lemma, a thing" assumed ; lambano, to take. DILIGENT, adj. Constant in application ; zealously industrious ; assi- duous. F. diligent : L. diligens, part, of diligo, to favour or love greatly : de, concerning, and lego, to choose. D1LUCIDATE. v. To make clear. L. dilucido ,- from di, signifying through, and lucidus, bright : lucis, gen. of lux, light. DILUENT, a/lj. Having the power of diluting. L. diluens, part, of diluo. See DILUTE. DILUTE, v. To make thin. L. dilutum, sup. of diluo, to temper, or mix. DIME. s. A coin of the United States of America, in value the tenth of a dollar. Derived, through the F. from L. decimus, a tenth. DIMENSION, s. That which any thing measures ; extent. L. dimen- sio f dime-asm, part, of dimetior, to measure. DIMINISH, v. To lessen. L. diminuo : minor, less. DIOCESE, s. The circuit of a bishop's jurisdiction. G. dia, through, and oikesis, a habitation. DIOPTRIC, adj. Affording a medium for the sight; assisting the sight in viewing distant objects. G. dia, through, and optomai, to view. DIPHTHONG, s. A coalition of two vowels in one sound. G. diphthon- gos ; dis, twice, and phthongos, a sound. DIPLOMA, s. A certificate, conferring some privilege. G. diploma; from diplo-o, to fold. DIPLOMATIC, adj. Privileged ; relating to the office of an ambassa- dor. F. diplomatique. See DIPLOMA. DIPLOMATIQUE, adj. Relating to the office of an ambassador. F. See DIPLOMATIC. DIPTOTE. s._ A noun having only two cases. G. diptota; dis, twice, and ptosis, a case. DIRECT, adj. Straight ; immediate ; express. L. directus, p. part, of dirigo: di, signifying through, and rego, to guide. DIRUPTION. s. Act of rending. L. diruptio ; diruptus, p. part, of dirumpo ,• from dis, or di, asunder, and rumpo, to break. DISABLE, v. To deprive of ability. L. dis, signifying deprivation, and able. DISBURSE, v. To pay ; to expend. L. dis, from, and bursa, a purse. DISASTER, s. Originally meant the supposed blast or stroke of an unfavourable planet ; it now denotes misfortune. F. disastre : G. dus, evilly, and aster, a star. DISCARD, v. To lay aside or throw away cards, when playing a game; to dismiss. L. dis, asunder, and CARD. DISCERN, v. To distinguish; todesciy. L. discerno; dis, asunder, and cerno, to perceive. DISCIPLE, s. A scholar ; a follower. L. discipulus ,- from disco, to learn. DISCIPLINE, s. Education ; rule or method of government, &c. L. disciplina. See DISCIPLE. DIS— DIS DISCLAIM, v. To disown ; to disavow. L. dis, meaning' separation, and claim. DISCONSOLATE, adj. Comfortless; sorrowful. L. dis, meaning de- privation, and consolatus, part, of consolor, to comfort. DISCORD. 8. Disagreement. L. discordla ,• dis, asunder, and corda,, (pi. of cor, ) hearts. DISCOURSE, s. Conversation; dissertation. F. discours ; from the L. discursus, a running backward and forward : discurso ,- dis, from, and curro, to run. DISCOVER, v. To find out ; to make known. L. dis, from, and cover. DISCREET, adj. Prudent ; modest. F. discret. See DISCRETION. DISCRETION, s. Prudence ; liberty of acting at pleasure. L. discre- tio ; discreius, p. part of discerno. See DISCERN. DISCRETIVE. adj. In logic and grammar, denotes disjunction, or op- position. L. discretus, severed, p. part, of discerno. See DISCERN. DISCRIMINATE, v. To distinguish. This word, in accordance with its derivation, should, refer to the distinguishing of degrees of crime. L. discrimino ; dis, asunder, and crimen, a fault. DISCURSIVE, adj. Desultory. L. discurso. See DISCOURSE. DISCUSS, v. To examine; to argue. L. discussum, sup. of discutio ,- dis, asunder, and quaiio, to shake. DISDAIN, v. To scorn. L. dis, not, and F. daigner, to condescend. L. dig aw, to think worthy. DISEASE, s. Distemper. L. dis, meaning deprivation, and ease. DISFRANCHISE, v. To deprive of a civil privilege. L. dis, denoting deprivation, and franchise. DISGRACE, v-. To put out of favour ; to dishonour ; to bring a re- proach upon. L. dis, denoting deprivation, and gratia, /favour. DISGORGE, v. To discharge through the mouth. L. dis, from, and F. gorge, the throat. DISGUISE, v. To conceal, by a counterfeit appearance. L. dis, de- noting deprivation, and F. guise, manner. DISGUST, s. Strong aversion. L. dis, from, and gustus, the taste. DISHABILLE, s. Undress. F. deshabille,- L. dis, not, and F. habille, dressed. DISHEVEL, v. To spread [the hair.] F. decheveler ,■ L. dis, asunder, and F. cheveu, hair. DISINGENUOUS, adj. Uncandid ; unfair. L. dis, meaning depriva- tion, and ingenuous. DISJUNCTIVE, adj. Denoting separation, or opposition. L. disjunc- tivtis; disjungo, to separate. DISK. s. The face of the sun, or of a planet, as it appears to the eye ; a quoit. L. discus, a dish or quoit. DISLOCATE, v. To put out of the proper place ; to disjoint. L. dis, asunder, and loco, to place. DISMISS, v. To send away; to discharge. L. dis, from, and missum, sup. of mittdj to send. DISPARAGE, v. To match unequally ; to injure by comparing with something of less value. L. dispar, unequal : dis, denoting separa- tion, and par, a pair or couple. DIS— DIS DISPARITY, s. Inequality ; unlikeness. F. disparity • L. dispar, un- like : comp. of dis, denoting- separation, and par, equal. DISPEL, v. To drive away, by scattering-; to dissipate. L. dispello ; dis, asunder, and pello, to drive. DISPENSARY, s. A place from which medicines are given. F. dis- pensaire. See DISPENSE. DISPENSE, v. To distribute, (to dispense with, to excuse) F. dis- penser .- L. dis, asunder, and pensum, sup. of pendo, to weig-h. DISPENSATORY. 5. A pharmacopoeia, or book in which the compo- sition of medicines is described and directed. See DISPENSE. DISPERSE, v. To scatter. L. dispersum, sup. of dispergo ,- dis, asun- der, and spargo, to scatter. DISPLAY, v. To spread wide ; to exhibit. L. dis, asunder, and plico, to fold. DISPOSE, v. To distribute ; to arrang-e ; to incline. F. disposer : L. dis, asunder, and positum, sup. oi'pono, to place. DISPUTE, v. To controvert ;■ to contest by argument ; to debate. L. disputo ; dis, signifying- separation or opposition, and puto, to think. DISQUISITION, s. Examination ; disputative inquiry. L. disquisitio: from disquisitus, p. part, of disquiro : dis, signifying separation, and quaero, to seek. DISRUPTION, s. Act of rending. L. disruptio. See DIRUPTION ; a word which is more elegant than disruption. DISSECT, v. To cut into parts. L. dissectum, sup. of disseco ; dis, asunder, and seco, to cut. DISSEMBLE, v. To hide under a fictitious appearance. Old F. dis- sembler .- L. dissimulo : comp. of dis, noting deprivation, and similis, like. DISSEMINATE, v. To spread every way. L. dissemino; dis, asunder, and semino, to sow : semen, seed. DISSENT, v. To disagree in opinion. L. dissentio,- from dis, asunder, and sentio, to think. DISSERTATION, s. A disquisition ; a treatise. L. dissertatio ; from the frequentative v. disserto, to argue. DISSIMULATION, s. Act of dissembling. L. dissimulatio. See DISSEMBLE. DISSIPATE, v. To disperse ; to squander. L. dissipo, to scatter. DISSOCIATE, v. To separate ; to disunite. L. dissocio ; dis, signify- ing separation, and socius, a companion. DISSOLUTE, adj. Unrestrained; wanton. L. dissolutus, p. part, of dissolvo. See DISSOLVE. DISSOLUTION, s. Separation; death. L. dissolutio. See DIS- SOLVE. DISSOLVE, v. To unbind ; to melt. L. dissolvo ; dis, asunder, and solvo, to untie. DISSONANT, adj. Discordant. L. dissonans, part, ofdissono; from dis, noting opposition, and sonn, to sound. DISSUADE, v. To advise against. L. dissuadeo : dis, from, and sua* deo, to persuade. DISSYLLABLE, s. A word of two syllables. G. dis, twofold, and syllable. G2 DIS— DIV DISTANCE, s. Intervening" space ; remoteness ; respect ; reserve. F. dislans : L. distantia,- from dis, asunder, and starts, part, of sto, to stand. DISTEND, v. To stretch out in breadth. L. distendo ; dis, asunder, and tendo, to spread. DISTICH, s. A couplet ; a couple of lines. L. distichon: G. dis, two- fold, and stichos, a verse. DISTIL, v. To fall in drops ; to make spirituous liquors. L. distillo : dis, asunder, and stillo, to drop or trickle down. DISTINCT, adj. Having- a marked and visible difference ; apart ; clear ; unconfused. L. distinctus, p. part, of distinguo ,- dis, signi- fying- separation, and tindus, p. part, of tingo, to die or colour. DISTINGUISH, v. To mark out by some external sign ; to see ob- jects separately. L. distinguo ; from dis, separately, and tingo, to die or colour. DISTORT, v. To writhe ; to deform. L. distortum, sup. of distor- queo ,- dis, from, and torqueo, to twist. DISTRACT, v. To divide ; to perplex ; to make insane. L. dis- tradum, sup. ofdistraho: comp. of dis, asunder, and iraho, to draw. DISTRAIN, v. To seize as an indemnity or security. L. distringo, to bind fast. DISTRESS, s. Act of distraining 1 ; thing- distrained ; calamity; misery. F. distresse : L. distridus, p. part, of distringo. See DISTRAIN. DISTRIBUTE, v. To divide among-st more than two. L. distribuo ,- dis, asunder, and tribuo, to bestow. DISTRICT, s. Circuit of authority 5 province; division. L. distridus, p. part, of distringo, to bind. DISTURB, t?. To disquiet. L. disturbo ; dis, separately, and turbo, to disorder : turba, a crowd. DITHYRAMBIC. s. A kind of song, in honour of Bacchus ; a drink- ing song. .G. ditharos, having a double door, and embaino, to enter. See the heathen Mythology. DITTO, s. A mercantile term, equivalent to the relative said, used by lawyers, and signifying the same as that which preceded. Italian ; from the L. didus, p. part, of dim, to say. DIURETIC, adj. Promoting- urine. F. diureiique- G. diouretikos i comp. of dia, from, and oureo, to make water. DIURNAL, adj. Daily. L. diurnus ,- from dies, a day. DIVERGE, v. To tend various ways from one point. L. diver go ,• di, from, and vergo, to decline, or bend. DI'VERS. See DIVERSE. DIVERSE', adj. Different ; in various directions. L. diversus, p. part, of diverto ,- di, asunder, and verto, to turn. DIVERT, v. To turn aside ; to amuse. L. diverto ,- comp. of di, from,, and verto, to turn. DIVEST, v. See DEVEST ; which is more conformable with the derivation, and more generally used. DIVIDE v. To separate ; to give in shares. L. divido : di, asunder, and video, co see. DIVID 8 E T IMP ERA. Divide and govern :— the maxim of nearly ai -.renal governments. L. divide, (imperative of divido,) di- vide 3 et, and> impera, (imperative of impero,) govern. DIV— DOR DIVIDEND, s. In arithmetic, the number to be divided ; a share as- certained by division. L. dividendus, to be divided : part, of divido. See DIVIDE. DIVINE, adj. Partaking of the nature of God ; heavenly. L. divinus ; divi, the gods. DIVINE, v. To foretel, as by divine inspiration. See the adjective. DIVISION, s. The act of dividing- ; partition ; disunion. L. divisio . divisus,p. part, of dm do. See DIVIDE. DIVORCE, s. Legal separation of husband and wife. F. divorce : L. divorsus, p. part, of divorto, (synonymous with diverto,) to turn away from. DIVULGE, v. To make public. L. divulgo ,- di, meaning amongst, and vulgus, the common people. DOCILE, adj. Easily taught ; tractable. F. docile .- L. docilis : doceo, to teach. DOCTOR, s. One who has received a collegiate diploma for his skill in divinity, law, physic, &c. L. doctor, a teacher ; from doceo, to teach. DOCTRINE, s. That which is taught. L. doctrina. See DOCTOR. DOCUMENT, s. Written evidence, or means of information. L. docu- mentum ,• from doceo, to teach. DOGMA, s. Established principle 5 doctrinal notion. G. dogma : do- keo, to think. * DOGMATICAL, adj. Authoritative. See DOGMA. DOLEFUL, adj. Sorrowful. L. doleo] to grieve. DOLOROUS, adj. Sorrowful ; gloomy. L. dolor, pain, or sorrow. DOMAIN, s. Dominion ; estate ; demesne. F. domaine : L. domi- nium ,• from dominus, a master ; domus, a house. DOME. s. A house ; a large cupola. F. dome : L. domus, a house. DOMESTIC, adj. Relating or belonging to home. L. domesticus : do- mus, a house. DOMICILIARY, adj. A domiciliary visit is an intrusion, by govern- mental authority, into a dwelling house. F. domicile, a habitation : L. domus, a house. DOMINANT, adj. Predominant ; ascendant. F. dominant, part, of dominer. See DOMINEER. DOMINEER, v. To rule, or command with insolence. F. dominer .- L. dominor, to govern : dominus, a master ; domus, a house. DOMINICAL, adj. That which marks Sunday. L. dominicalis ■: Do- minus, the Lord. DOMINION, s. Sovereign power ; territoiy. L. dominium : dominus, a master. DONATION, s. A gift, for some general purpose. L. donatio: dono, to give. DONOR, s. A giver. L. dono, to give. DORMANT. adL Sleeping 5 inoperative ; concealed. F. dormant, part, of dormir, to sleep : L. dormio, to sleep. DORMITIVE. adj. Promoting sleep. F. dormitif: L. dormio, to sleep. DORMITORY, s. A sleeping-room. L. dormitorium : dormio, to sleep. DOR— DUR DORMOUSE; s, A mouse which sleeps during part of winter. L dormio, to sleep, and mouse. DOSE. s. A prescribed quantity. F. dose: G. dosis : didomi, to give. DOSOLOGY. s. A treatise on the quantity of medicine to be taken at one time. G. dosis, a dose, and logos, a discourse. DOTATION, s. Act of endowing. L. dotatus, p. part, of doto, to en- dow : dotis, gen. of dos, a dowry or portion ; from do, to give. DOUBLE ENTENDRE, s. An obscene allusion in disguise. F. double, double, and entendre, to understand. DOUCEUR, s. A bribe ; compensation. F. douceur, sweetness. DOWER, s. A wife's marriage-portion, or a widow's possession. F. douaire : doner, to bestow. DOXOLOGY. s. A form of glorifying God. G. doxa, glory, and logos, a word. DRAMA, s. A theatrical representation ; a play. G. drama : drao, to act. DRAPER, s. One who sells cloth. F. drapier ,• from drap, cloth. DRAPERY, s. Cloth ; ornamental part of curtains ; imitation of dress by a painter or statuary. F. draperie: drap,' cloth. DROPSY, s. A collection of water in the body. L. hydrops : G. hu- dor, water, and ops, an appearance. DRUID, s. One of the priests who worshiped in groves ; called, by Caesar, druides ; supposed from the G. drus, an oak. DRYADS, s. Wood-nymphs. L. dryades : G. druades ; from drus, an oak. DUBIOUS, adj. Doubtful; uncertain. L. dubius ,- from dubium, a doubt : duo, two. DUCTILE, adj. Flexible; easily extended. L. duclilis ,- from duco, to draw. DUE. adj. Owing ; that which one has a right to demand ; proper ; fit. F. du, p. part, of devoir, to owe. L. debeo. DUEL. s. A combat between two persons. F. duel: L. duellum : duo, two. DUKE. s. One of the highest order of nobility in England ; a title ori- ginally signifying a chief or leader. F. due : L. dux ; from duco, to lead. DULCET, adj. Sweet; harmonious. L. dulcis, sweet. DULCIMER, s. A kind of musical instrument. L. dulcis, sweet. DUODECIMAL, adj. Numbered by twelve. L. duodeclm, twelve. DUODECIMO, s. A book formed by folding a sheet of paper into twelve leaves. (12mo.) L. duodecimus, the twelfth. DUPLICATE, s. A copy, generally the first. L. duplicatus, p. part. of duplico, to double. DUPLICITY, s. Deceit, by using two appearances. F. duplicite : L. dupbeis, gen. of duplex, double : duo, two, and plico, to fold. DURABLE, adj. Lasting. L. durabilis : duro, to continue. DURANCE, s. Imprisonment. L. durans, part, of duro, to remain. DTJBANTE BENE PLACITO. At the will of the person granting; — literally, "our decree, or pleasure happily continuing." L. DURESS, s. Duress, in law, is either by imprisonment, or threats ; and is inflicted for the purpose of causing a person to do some act against his will. L. durities ,• durus, hard, rigorous. DUR— EDI DURING, prep. For the time of the continuance of. L. duro, to con- tinue. During- is often improperly used : it is ungrammatical to say, that an event occurred "during the war," or "during his confine- ment," because the term during includes the whole period of the war, or the whole period of the confinement, and an event happens in only apart of that period. DUTY. s. That which is due 5 that to which a man is, by any natural or legal obligation, bound ; tax 5 impost. See DUE. DYNAMICS, s. The science of moving powers. G. dunamis, power. DYNASTY, s. Sovereignty. F. dynastie : G. dunasteia ,• from dunas- tes, a ruler. DYSENTERY. s. A disorder of the bowels. L. dysenteria : G. dusen- teria .• dus, with difficulty, and enieron, a bowel. DYSPEPSIA, or DYSPEPSY. s. Imperfect digestion. G. dusptpsia: dus, with difficulty, and peplo, to boil or digest. EBRIETY. s. Drunkenness. L. ebrietas, drunkenness. EBULLITION, s. Act of boiling up with heat 5 effervescence. F. ebullition .• L. ebullio, to boil, or bubble up : e, from, and bulla, a bubble. ECCE HOMO. Behold the man. L. ecce, Lo! homo, the man. ECCENTRIC, adj. Deviating from the centre; irregular? uncommon. L. eccentricus .- ex, from, and centrum, a centre. ECCLESIASTICAL, adj. Relating to the church. L. ecclesiasticus : G. eftklesia, an assembly. ECCE SIGNUM. Behold the sign, or mark. L. ecce, Lo! signum, the sign. ECHO. s. The return or repercussion of any sound ; the sound re- turned. L. echo: G. echo,- from echos, a sound. ECLMRCISSEMENT. s. Explanation. F. eclair cissemeht: eclaircir, to clear: eclairer, to give light. ECLAT, s. Publicity ; lustre. F. eclat, a crack. ECLECTIC, adj. Selecting. G. eklektikos: ek, out of, and lektos, chosen ; from lego, to choose. ECLIPSE, s. The obscuring of a heavenly luminary, by interposition. G. ekleipsis .- ekleipo, to fail or desert. ECLIPTIC, s. A great circle of the sphere, supposed to run through the middle of the zodiac, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23£ degrees ; which is the sun's greatest declination, and in which his eclipses happen. G. ekleiptikos. See ECLIPSE. ECLOGUE, s. A pastoral poem. G. ekloge, choice, ek, out of, and logos, a word. According to the etymology, eclogue should be no more than a select or choice piece ; but custom has assigned it a further signification ; viz. a little elegant composition, in a simple and natural style. ECONOMY, s. Management of a family ; frugality. L. oeconomia : G. oikonomia .- oikos, a house, and nomos, a law. ECSTACY, or EXTASY. s. Rapture. G. ekstasis ,- from ek, out, and stasis, standing. EDIBLE, adj. Proper to be eaten. L. edo, to eat. EDI— E.TE EDICT, s. A proclamation or command issued by an absolute sove^ reign ; a law. L. edictum : e, from, and dico, to say. EDIFICE, s. A building- ; a house. L. sedijicium .■ aedis, a buildir^, and facto, to make. EDIFY, v. This word originally signified to build. It now signifies to instruct, or improve. L. edijico. See EDIFICE. EDILE. s. A Roman officer, whose original office was to take care of temples and other public buildings. L. sedilis ,- from sedis, a temple. EDITION, s. Publication ; meaning, the whole number of copies of a book printed from one arrangement of the types. L. editio: edo y to publish : e, from, and do, to give. EDITOR, s. Publisher ; one who superintends a publication. L. edi- tor. See EDITION. EDUCATE, v. To instruct. L. educo : e, out of, (meaning forward) and duco, to lead. EFFACE, v. To erase. F. effacer : L. ex, from, and fades, a face. EFFECT, s. Consequence ; success ; design ; reality. L. effedus, p. part, of effido : ex, from, and facto, to make. EFFECTS, s. Whatever will effect, produce, 'or bring forth, money by sale. See EFFECT. EFFEMINATE, adj. Unmanlike; womanish. L. effeminatus : femina, a woman. EFFERVESCE, v. To boil gently ; to bubble. L. effervesco, to fer- ment ; fvomferveo, to be hot. - EFFICACIOUS, adj. Having the power to effect ; remedial. L. effi- cax. See EFFECT. EFFICIENT, adj. Producing an effect. L. effldens. See EFFECT. EFFIGY, s. An image. L. ejjigles ; from effingo, to fashion. EFFLORESCENT, adj. Shooting out in the form of flowers. L. efflo- rescens ,- part, of effioresco : Jioris, gen. ofjlos, a flower. EFFLUVIA, s. Ascending particles ; smell. L. pi. ofeffluviu?n,> from effluo. See EFFLUX. EFFLUX, s. Act of flowing out ; thing which flows out. L. effiuxus, p. part, of effluo ,- comp. of ex, from, and Jluo, to flow. EFFORT, s. Laborious endeavour. F. effort: L. ex, out of, and/wfl, strength. EFFRONTERY, s. Impudence; shamelessness; contempt of reproach. J^effronterie. See AFFRONT. adj. ! " " ex, out of, and fulgeo, to shine. EFFUSION, s. Act of pouring out; thing poured out. L. effusio: effusus, p. part, of effundo : ex, from, a.ndfwido, to pour. EGOTIST, s. One who talks much concerning himself. L. ego, I. EGREGIOUS, adj. Remarkable ; eminently bad : the latter is the usual sense. L. egregius : e, out of, andgrege, abl. of grex, a flock, or multitude. EGRESS, s. Departure ; means of departure. L. egressus, part, of egredior .- e, from, and gradior, to proceed : gradus, a step. EJACULATE, v. To utter suddenly. L. ejaculor .- e, from, andj'acw- hr, to dart : jumo, to throw. EJECT, v. To throw out ; to expel. L. ejectum, sup. of ejitio .• «, from, and jacio, to throw. ELA— EMB ELABORATE, adj. Finished with great labour. L. elaboraius,^. part. of eluboro, to labour : e, from, and labor, labour. ELAPSE, v. To pass away. L. elapsus, part, of- elabor .• e, from, and labor, to glide. ELASTIC, adj. Having the power of a spring. F. elastique : G. elao, to repel. ELATE, adj. Elevated by success ; joyful. L. elatus, p. part, of effero : ex, from, and fero, to cany. ELECT, v. To choose. L. eledum, sup* of eligo : e, from, and lego, to choose. ELECTRIC, adj. Relating to electricity ; having electric matter. L. electrum, amber, (which is attractive ;) G. elektron : elko, to draw. ELECTROMETER, s. An instrument which indicates the strength of the electric fluid. G. elektron, the electric fluid, and metreo, to measure. ELEEMOSYNARY, adj. Given through charity. G. eleemosune, com- passion : eleeo, to pity. ELEGANT, adj. Pleasing; handsome. L. elegans ,- comp. ofe, from, and lego, to choose. ELEGY, s. A funeral song. L. elegeia : G. elegos ,- from eleos, pity. ELEVATE. 0. To raise ; to enliven. L. elevo : e, from, and levo, to lift. ELE'VE. s. Disciple. F. eleve .- elever, to raise. See ELEVATE. ELICIT, v. To strike out. L. elicio, to draw, or strike out. ELIGIBLE., adj. Desirable. L. eligibilis : e, from, and lego, to choose. ELISION, s. The act of cutting out ; as in ivalk'd, for walked. L. ellsio : ellsus, p. part, of elido, to strike out. ELLIPSIS, s. A figure of rhetoric, by which something is left out; in geometry, an oval figure, generated from the section of a cone : G. elleipsis .• en, in, and leipo, to fail. ELLIPTIC, or ELLIPTICAL, adj. Having the form of an ellipsis ; oval. See ELLIPSIS. ELOCUTION, s. Art of speaking with elegance and force. L. eloca- tio : e, out, and hquor, to speak. ELOQUENT, adj. Having the power of fluent, elegant, and convinc- ing language. L. ehquens. See ELOCUTION.' ELUCIDATE, v. To make clear ; to explain. L. elucido : e, from, and luceo, to give light : lux, light. ELUDE, v. To avoid ; to escape. L. eludo .• e, from, and ludo, to play, or mock. ELYSIUM. 6f. The place assigned, by the heathens, to happy souls ; any place exquisitely pleasant. L. elysium : G. ek, from, and lusis, a dissolution. EMACIATED, adj. Wasted ; lean. L. emacio, to make lean: macies, leanness. EMAN AT'E. v. To issue or flow from. L. emano : e, from, and mano, to run in a small stream, to distil. EMANCxPATE. v. To set free. L. einanc'po .• e, from, Mvlmancipo, to give away: manu, (wbl. of inairujs) from the hand, and capio, to take. EMBARK, v. To go on shipboard : to adventure. F. embarquer: en, into, and barque, a large boat. EMB— EMP EMBASSY, s. A public message. F. ambassade. See AMBAS- SADOR. EMBELLISH, v. To adorn. F. embellir : en, into, and belle, hand- some. EMBLEM, s. A distinguishing sign. G. emblema, a kind of insertion work, — alluding to the embroideiy of a standard, or coat of arms : from emballo, to throw in. EMBOSS, v. To embroider ; to engrave with relief. F. en, into, and losse, a protuberance. EMBRACE, v. To fold in the* arms ; to include. F. embrasser ; from en, in, and bras, an arm. L. in, and brachium. EMBROCATION, s. The act of rubbing with medicinal liquors ? the lotion with which any diseased part is washed. G. en, in, and bre- cho, to moisten. EMBRYO, s. The incipient formation in the womb : (foetus, signifies the child in the womb, after it is perfectly formed. ) G. embruyon .- en, in, and bruo, to grow. EMENDATION, s. Correction. L. emendatio : e, from, and menda, a fault. EMERGE, v. To rise out of. L. emergo .• comp. of e, from, and mUrgo, a brink. EMERGENCE, or EMERGENCY, s. Sudden occasion. See EMERGE. EMETIC, adj. Of a vomiting quality. G. emetikos .• emeo, to vomit. EMIGRATE, v. To change the place of abode, from one country to another. L. emigro : e, from, and migro, to remove. EMINENCE, s. Height ; a high place ; dignity. L. eminens, part, of emineo, to stand above others : e, from, and hiineo, to hang ready to fall. EMINENT, adj. High ; conspicuous. See EMINENCE. EMISSARY, s. One sent out on secret business ; a spy. L. emissarius; from emissus, p. part, of emitto ; comp. of e, from, and mitto, to send. EMIT. v. To send forth ; to issue. L. emitto : e, from, and mitto, to send. EMOLLIENT, adj. Softening. L. emolliens .- mollis, soft. EMOLUMENT, s. Profit. L, emolumeriium ,• comp. of e, from, and molimenium, an enterprise: molior, to toil. EMOTION, s. Disturbance of mind; vehemence of passion. L. erao- tio : emotus, p. part, ofemoveo .• e, out ofj and moveo, to move. EMPEROR, s. A monarch, generally supposed to reign over many countries. F. empefeur : L. imperator, meaning originally a com- mander or ruler: from impero, to rule. EMPHASIS, s-. Remarkable stress, laid upon a word, or a sentence. G. emphasis : en, in, and phaino, to show or appear. EMPIRE, s. Government ; territory governed. F. empire. See EM- PEROR. EMPIRIC, s. A quack. F. empirique: G. empeirikos : en, in, and peira, an endeavour, or experiment. EMPORIUM, s. A place of merchandise 5 a commercial city. G. em- porion .- emporos, a merchant. EMPYREAN, s. The highest heaven. G. empuros : en, in, and pur, fire. EMP— ENG EMPYREUM. s. The disagreeable burned taste and smell, which sometimes remains after boiling- or distillation. G. cmpureuma ; en, in, and pur, fire. EMULATE, v. To rival. L. vmulor, to rival. ENAMOUR, v. To inflame with love. F. en, into, and amour, love : L. in and amor. ENCLITICS. 8. Particles which are closely united with other words, and throw back the accent upon tjjie foregoing" syllable. G. enkli- tika; en, in, or upon, and klino, to recline. ENCLOSE, v. To envelop : to surround. F. enclos, part, of enchrre, to enclose. See INCLOSE. ENCOMIUM, s. Praise. G. enkomion ; from komazo, to celebrate in song. ENCORE. Again. F. ENCOUNTER, s. Conflict. F. enamtre -• L. contra, against. ENCOURAGE, v. To give courage 5 to incite ; to raise confidence. F. en, in, and COURAGE. ENCROACH, v. To invade another's right ; to pass bounds. F. ac- crocher, to catch : croc, a hook. ENCUMBER, v. F. encombrer. See INCUMBER. ENCYCLOPAEDIA, s. The circle of sciences 5 a work containing in- formation on eveiy science. G. enkuklopaideia. See CYCLO- PAEDIA. • ENDEMIC, adj. Relating to a disease which is natural to a country. G. endemos : en, in, and demos, the people. ENDORSE, v. To write on the back of a bill, &c. F. endosser, (for- merly endorser ,-) en, in, and dos, the back: L. in, and dorsum. ENDOW, v. To give a dower ; to enrich by a gift. F. endouaire. See DOWER. ENDURE, v. To continue ; to sustain. F. endurer : L. in, in, and duro, to continue. ENEMY, s. A foe 5 an antagonist. F. ennemi; L. inimicus; in, not, and amicus, a friend. ENERGY, s. Natural power ; force. G. energeia,- en, in, and ergon, work. ENERVATE, v. To weaken ; to effeminate. L. enervo : comp. of e, from, and nervus, a sinew. EN FJMILLE. In the usual family mode ; without ceremony. F.. en, according as, famille, the family. . ENFILADE, v. To pierce from flank to flank. F. enfiler ,- en, in, w.vXfde, a row. EN FLUTE. A vessel is said to be armed en flute, when she carries only her upper tier of guns \ her hold being filled with stores. Flute is a kind of long vessel, serving chiefly for the carrying of provisions in fleets of ships of war ; and is supposed to be derived from a Ger- man word, signifying to float. F. en, in the manner of, flute, a flute. ENFRANCHISE, v. To admit to all the privileges of a freeman ; to invest with the elective privilege. F. en, into, and franchise, free* dom. ENGAGE, v. To empawn 5 to stake ; to embark in an affair ; to at- H EQU— ERY EQUANIMITY, s. Evenness of mind. L. asquanimitas ,- from asquus, equal, and animus, the mind. EQUATION. s. A term in algebra and astronomy, denoting equalisa- tion. JL. sequatio; from asquus, equal. EQUATOR. s. The imaginary circle which divides the globe into two equal parts, called the northern and southern hemispheres. L. asquutor ,• from asquus, equal. EQUERRY. *. Master of the horse. L. equarius, pertaining to a horse : equus, a horse. EQUILATERAL, adj. Having all sides equal. L. asqua latera, equal sides : asquus, and lotus. EQUILIBRIUM. 5. Equipoise ; equality of weight. L. equilibrium ; asquus, equal, and libra, a balance. EQUINOX, s. The time when the sun crosses the equator, and the night is of the same length as the day. L. asquus, equal, and nox, a night. EQUIP, v. To furnish for a horseman ; to furnish in general. F. equi- per : L. equus, a horse. EQUIPAGE, s. Furniture of a horseman ; but, more generally a splendid carriage and the horses ; or table furniture. F. equipage. See EQUIP. EQUIPOISE, s. Equilibrium; equality of weight, or of power. L. asquus, equal, and F. poids, weight. EQUIPONDEROUS. adj. Equal in weight. L. asquus, equal, and pondero, to weigh. EQUITY, s. Justice ; mode of decision in a court of justice, according rather to the spirit, than the letter, of the law. L. asquitas ; from asquus, equal. EQUIVALENT, adj. Of equal value, or power. L. asquus, equal, and vaktis, part, ofvaleo* to avail. EQUIVOCAL, adj. Capable of being construed in different senses ; uncertain. L. asquivocus ; asquus, equal, and vox, a voice. ERADICATE, v. To pull up by the root ; to destroy entirely. L. eradico ; e, from, and radix, a root. ERASE, v. To scrape out 5 to expunge. L. e, from, and rasum, sup. o£rado, to scrape. ERECT, adj. Upright; directed upwards. L. erectus ; p. part, of erigo : e, from, and rego, to rule, or make straight. ERR. v. To deviate ; to mistake. L. erro, to wander. ERRATA, s. Errors. L. pi. of erratum,- from erratus, part, of erro. See ERR. ERRATIC, adj. Wandering. L. erraticus. See ERR. ERRONEOUS, adj. Incorrect. L. errcmeus. See ERR. ERUDITION, s. Knowledge obtained by learning. L. eruditio ; from eruditus, p. part, oferudio, to instruct; comp. of e, from, and rudis, untaught. ERUPTION, s. Breaking forth; a cutaneous disease. L. eruptio ; eruptus, p. pait. of erumpo ; e, from, and rumpo, to break. ERYSIPELAS, s. An eruption of a hot, acrid humour, chiefly in the face. G. eruszpelas ; eruo, to draw, and pelas, adjoining; because, the neighbouring parts are jdrawn closer by the eruption. ESC— ETY ESCALADE, s. Act of scaling- the walls of a fortified place. F. esca* lade ; from echelle, a ladder. ESCHEAT, v. To result back, in consequence of some unforeseen contingency, to the lord of the fee. F. escheoir, to happen. ESCORT, v. To convoy. F. escorter : L. cohors, a cohort or band of soldiers. ESCRITOIRE, s. A writing-desk. F. ecritoir, (formerly escritoire;) L. scriptum, sup. ofscribo, to write. ESCULENT, adj. Eatable. L. esculentus; esum, sup. of edo, to eat. ESPECIAL, adj. Particular. See SPECIAL. ESPIONAGE, s. Act of a spy ,• inspection, with a design of informing against. F. espionnage. See ESPY. ESPOUSE, v. To marry; to abet. F.epouser; (formerly espouser ;) epoase, a wife. ESPY. v. To see any thing at a distance ; to discover a thing intended to be hidden, &c. F. espier : L. e, from, or out, and specio, to be- hold. ESQUIRE, s. The attendant, or armour bearer, of a knight ; a title applied, also, to some of the younger sons of noblemen, and to ma- gistrates, military officers, &c. Old F. escuer ,• escu, a shield. ESSAY 7 , v. To attempt. F. essayer, to attempt. ES'SAY. s. An attempt ; a dissertation. See the verb. ESSENCE, s. Physical basis ; essential oil. F. essence : L. essentia* the existence : esse, to be. ESSENTIAL, adj. Having the essence ; indispensable. L. essentialis, See ESSENCE. ESTABLISH, v. To render stable ; to settle firmly ; to confirm ; to found. F. etablir, formerly establir. See STABLE. ESTATE, s. Condition of life ; property. F. etat ,- (formerly estat /) L. status ,• from sto, to stand. ESTEEM, s. Regard ; respect. See ESTIMATE. ESTIMATE, v.. To rate ; to conjecture. L. eestimo,- ses, money. ESTRANGE, v. To withdraw the affections. F. etranger t (formerly, estr anger ;) L. e, from, and stringo, to draw. ESTREAT, v. To extract or take out from the other records, (in the case of a recognisance) for the purpose of putting in suit. See EXTRACT. ESTUARY, s. An arm of the sea. L. sestitarium ,- from sestuo, to be straitened. ET CETERA. Abbreviated etc. or &?c. . And the rest ; and others of the same kind. L. et, and, send cast era, others. ETHER, s. An imaginary air ; a volatile distilled spirit. L. aether.- G, aither ,■ aitho, to burn. ETHICS, s. The doctrine of morality. G. ethike ,• ethos, a manner. ETHNIC, adj. Gentile; neither Jewish nor Christian. G.ethnikos/ ethnos, a nation. See GENTILE. ETIQUETTE, s. Established ceremony or mode. F. etiquette, a ticket, upon which the forms of court ceremonies, &c. are written. ETYMOLOGY, s. The derivation of a word from its original ; that part of grammar which treats of the different sorts of words and their various modifications. L. etymologia: G. etumologia; etumos, true? and logos, a word, H2 EUC— EXC EUCHARIST, s. The Lord's Supper. G. eucharistia, thanksgiving, EUDIOMETER, s. An instrument, invented by Priestley, for ascer- taining the purity of atmospheric air. G. eu, good, dios, air, and metron, measure. EULOGY, s. Praise. G. eulogia ; comp. of eu, good, and logos, a word. EUPHONY, s. Agreeable sound. G. euphonia ,- eu, well, and phoneo, to sound. EVACUATE, v. To make empty ; to retire from. L. evacuo; vacuus, empty. EVADE, v. To elude, or avoid. L. evado ,• e, from, and vado, to march, or move. EVANESCENT, adj. Vanishing ; imperceptible. L. evanescent, part. of evanesco, to disappear : from vanus, empty. EVANGELIST, s. A writer of the histoiy of Christ. L. evangelus : G. euangelos ,• from eu, good, and angelo, to declare. EVAPORATE, v. To ascend in vapour. L. evaporo ; e, from, and vapos, vapour. EVENT, s. Occurrence. L. eventus ; e, out of, and ventum, sup. of venio, to come. EVIDENCE, s. Proof; testimony; the person who testifies. *F. evi- dence : L. evidentia. See EVIDENT. EVIDENT, adj. Proved ; clear. F. evident : L. evidens ; e, out of, and video, to see. EVINCE, v. To prove ; to manifest. L. evinco ; e, from, and vinco, to conquer. EVISCERATE, v. To embowel. L. eviscero,- e, from, and viscera^ the bowels. EVOLUTION, s. Act of unfolding ; military field-exercise. L. evolu* tus, p. part, ofevolvo. See EVOLVE. EVOLVE, v. To unfold ; to throw off by chemical effect. L. evolvo ,- e, from, and volvo, to roll. EXACT, adj. Without defect or omission ; according to rule ; metho- dically ; very accurate. F. exacte: L. exactus, p. part, ofexigo; ex, out, and ago, to do. EXACT, v. To demand as a right ; to require authoritatively ; to en- force - r to extort. See the adjective. • EXAGGERATE, v. To heighten beyond truth. L. exaggero; ex % above, and aggero, to heap : agger, a heap : ad, to, and gero, to cany. EXANIMATE, adj. Lifeless •> inanimate. L. ex, from, and anima, the breath, or souL EXALT, v. To raise ; to dignify. F. exalter .- L. ex, above, and altus^ high. EXASPERATE, v. To enrage. L. exaspero,- ex, above, (meaning in. a high degree,) and aspero, to make rough : asper, rough. EXCAVATE, v. To make hollow. L. excavo,- ex, from, and cavo, to. make hollow. EXCEED, v. Togo beyond; to surpass. L. excedo,- ex, from, and cedo, to depart. EXCEL, v. To he eminent; to surpass. L. excello ; ex, from, and cclb, to lift up. EXC— EXF EXCEPT, v. To leave out. L. exceptum, sup. ofcxcipio; ex, Out of, and capioy to take. EXCERPTJ1. s. Extracts. L. excerpta,- from excerptus, part, of ex c&po ,- ex, from, and carpo, to pluck. EXCESS, s. More than sufficient ; surplus. L. excessus, p. part, of excedo. See EXCEED. EXCISE. *. A tax, formerly paid by a part of the article assessed. L- excisus, p. part, ofexcido. See EXCISION. EXCISION, s. Act of cutting out. L. excisio ; from excisus, p. part, of excido ; ex, from, and caedo, to lop. EXCITE, v. To rouse ; to animate ; to encourage ; to put in motion. L. excito ,- ex, out of, and cito, to call. EXCLAIM, v. To call loudly. L. exclamo ; ex, from, and clamo, to call. EXCLUDE, v. To shut out ; to debar. L. excludo ; comp. of ex, from, and claudo, to shut. EXCLUSION, s. Act of excluding. L. exclusus, p. part, of excludo. See EXCLUDE. EXCORIATE, v. To strip off the skin. L. ex, from, and corium, a skin. EXCRESCENCE, s. Irregular protuberance. L. excrescens ; part, of excresco ,• ex, from, and cresco, to grow. BXCRUCIATING. adj. Extremely painful. L. excrucio, to torture : ex, from, and cruce, abl. of crux, a cross ; alluding to the torments of crucifixion. EXCULPATE, v. To exonerate from a criminal charge. L. ex, from, and culpa, blame. EXCURSION, s. A ramble out of the prescribed path. L. excursio ; ex, from, and curro, to run. EXCUSE, v. To disengage from an obligation ; to pardon. L. excuso,- ex, from, and causa, a cause, or suit at law. EXECRATE, v. To curse; to detest. L. execror, or exsecror ,• ex, from, and sacrum, a holy rite : meaning, to debar from the benefit of religious ceremonies. EXECUTE, v. To perform ; to put to death. L. executus, part, of exequor ,- ex, according to [direction,] and sequor, to follow. EXECUTIVE, adj. Relating to the power which performs, but does not deliberate. See EXECUTE. EXEMPLI GRATIA. As an example ; for instance ; usually ab- breviated ex. gr., or e. g. L. EXEMPT, adj. Free by privilege. L. exemptus, p. part, of eximo ,~ ex, from, and emo, to purchase. EXERGUE, s. F. See EXERGUM. EXERGUM. s. The circular space between the work and the edge of a coin or medal, on which the inscription is usually placed. G. ex, from, and ergon, work. EXEUNT OMNES. Used, in theatrical pieces, to mark the departure, from the stage, of all the characters. L. omnes, all, exeunt, go out : omnis, and exeo. EXFOLIATE, v. To separate in layers. L. ex, from, and folium, a leaf EXH— EXP EXHALE, v. To emit or draw out vapour or fumes. L. exhato ; ex, from, and halo, to breathe. EXHAUST, v. To draw away; to fatigue. L. exhaustum, sup. of ex- haurio ; ex, from, and haurio, to draw. EXHIBIT, v. To display. L. exhibeo ,- comp. of ex, from, and habeo, to hold. EXHILARATE, v. To enliven. L. exhilaro. See HILARITY. EXHORT, v. To advise from an evil, or to a virtuous action. .L. ex- hortor ,• ex, from, and hortor, to advise. EXHUMATE, v. To raise out of the earth, that which has been buri- ed ; to unbury. L. ex, out of, and humus, earth. EXIGENCE, or EXIGENCY, s. Sudden occasion. L. exigens, part. of exigo, to drive out : ex, from, and ago, to move. EXILE, s. Banishment, either voluntary or compulsive ; person ba- nished. L. exilium ,- exilio, to depart hastily : ex, from, and salio, to leap. EXIST, v. To be ; to have a being-. L. existo : ex, out of, and sisto, to stand still or continue. EXIT. A term used to mark the time at which a player leaves the stage ; departure. L. exit, he (or she) goes out: exeo. EX-MINISTER, s. One who has -been a minister of state. L. ex, out, and minister. EXODUS, s. The second book of Moses, which describes the journey of the Israelites from Egypt. G. exodos ,- ex, out of, and odos, a way. EX OFFICIO. By the power of his office. L. ex, according to, officio, abl. of offitium, an office. ■ EXONERATE, v. To disburthen; to exculpate. L. exonero ; ex, from, and onus, a burthen. EXORBITANT, adj. Irregular 5 enormous. L. ex, out of, and orbita, a track. EXORCISE, v. To pretend to drive away an evil spirit. G. ex, out of, and orkizo, to adjure. EXORDIUM, s. A formal preface ; the first part of an oration. L. ex- ordium,- ex, from, and orior, to rise. EXOTIC, adj. Foreign. G. exotikos ,- exo, out of doors; abroad. EXPAND, v. To open wide. L. expando ; ex, from, and pando, to open. EX-PARTE'. On one side only ; ex-parte evidence is that testimony, which, as before a grand jury, is delivered in the absence of the party against' whom it is to operate. L. ex, from, parte, abl. of pars, a part. EXPATIATE, v. To enlarge on, in language. L. expatior ; ex, from, and pateo, to spread out. EXPECT, v. To anticipate, in the mind ; to wait for. L. expecto,- ex, from, and specto, to look. EXPECTORATE, v. To eject matter from the breast. L. ex, from, and pectus, the breast. EXPEDIENT, adj. Advantageous; fit. L. expediens, part, ofexpedio. See EXPEDITE. EXPEDITATION. 5. The act of cutting off the feet. L. ex, from* and pedes, pi. of pes, a foot. EXP— EXQ EXPEDITE, v. To facilitate 5 to hasten. L. expedio, to free : ex, from, and pede, abl. of pes, a foot. EXPEL, v. To drive out. L. expello ; comp. of ex, from, and pello, to drive. EXPEND, v. To spend ; to disburse. L. expendo ; ex, from, and pendo, to weigh, or pay. EXPENSE, s. Expenditure ; cost. L. expensum. See EXPEND. EXPERIENCE. ». Practice. L. experientia. See EXPERT. EXPERIMENT, s. Trial. L. experimentum. See EXPERIENCE. EXPERT, adj. Skilful : dexterous. L. expertus, part, of experior ,• ex, from, and perior, to be skilful. EXPIATE, v. To atone for. L. expio ,- comp. of ex, from, and pio, to worship, or purge. EXPIRE, v. To breathe out ; to die ; to terminate. L. expiro ; ex, from, and spiro, to breathe. EXPLAIN, v. To make plain ; to render intelligible. L. explano : ex, out, and planus, smooth or even. EXPLETIVE, s. In grammar, means something inserted, more to please the ear, than to illustrate. L. expletivum ; expleo, to glut ; ex, in a superabundant degree, and pleo, to fill. EXPLICIT, adj. Emphatically clear ; not merely implied. L. expli- citus, p. part, of explico, to unfold. EXPLODE, v. To drive out, with open marks of disapprobation ; to make a loud noise like ignited gunpewder. L. explodo ; ex, from, and plaudo, to make a noise by clapping. EXPLORE, v. To examine. L. exploro, to view or examine. EXPLOSION, s. The act of exploding. L. explosio ,• explosus, p» part, of explodo. See EXPLODE. EXPORT, v. To send out of a country, in the way of traffic. L. ex- porta ; ex, out of, and porto, to carry. EXPOSE, v. To lay open; to put in danger. F. exposer : L. expo* situm, sup. of expono ; ex, out of, and pono, to place. EX POST FACTO. Made or done after the act ; retro-active. L. EXPOSTULATE, v. To appeal ; to debate earnestly. L. expostulo, to demand. EXPOUND, v. To explain. L. expono ; ex, out of, and pono, to place. EX-PRESIDENT, s. One who has been a president. L. ex, out, and president. EXPRESS, v. To press out ; to represent ; to declare. L. expressum, sup. of. exprimo ,- ex, from, and premo, to press. EXPRESS, adj. Exactly alike, (as if taken by an impression;) explicit? particularly declared. See the verb. . EXPRESS, s. An extraordinary messenger. See the verb. EXPUGNABLE. adj. Possible to be taken or subdued by a siege, or an assault. L. ex, out of, and pugno, to fight. EXPULSION, s. Act of expelling. L. expukio ; from expello. See EXPEL. EXPUNGE, v. To erase L. expungo ; ex, from, and pungo, to prick. EXQUISITE, adj. Consummate ; excellent. L. exquisitus, p. part. of exquiro, ) searched out ; ex, out of, and qii&ro, to seek. EXS— EXU EXSCIND, v. To cut from. L. ex, from, arid scindo, to cut. EXSICCATE, v. To dry. L. exsicco, to diy. EXTANT, adj. Before the public ; now existing. L. exstans, part. of exsto, to stand out: ex, from, and sto, to stand. EXTASY, or ECSTACY. s. Any emotion by which the thoughts are absorbed, and in which the mind is for a time lost ; excessive joy, or excessive grief. F. extase : G. ekstasis ; from ek, out, and stasis, part, of istemi, to stand. EXTEMPORE', adj. Without preparation. L. ex, from, and tempore, abl. of tempus, time ; meaning the present time. EXTEND, v. To reach (with to,-) to enlarge. L. extendo,- comp. of ex, from, and tendo, to stretch. EXTENUATE, v. To lessen ; to palliate. L. extenuo ; ex, from, and tenuis, thin, or small. EXTERIOR, adj. Outward. L. exterior, compar. deg. of extra, with- out: pos. extra ,- compar. exterior ; sup. extremus. EXTERMINATE, v. To destroy. L. extermino ; ex, out of, and ter- mino, to end. EXTERNAL, adj. Outward 5 foreign. L. externus ; exter, foreign : comp. of ex, out of, and terra, a territory. EXTINCT, adj. Extinguished 5 abolished. L. extinctus, p. part, of extinguo, to extinguish. EXTINGUISH, v. To quench; to destroy. L. extinguo, to extin- guish. EXTIRPATE, v. To take out the stem or stalk 5 to eradicate ; to destroy. L. extirpo ; ex, from, and stirps, a stem. EXTOL, v. To praise highly. L. extollo ; ex, from, and tollo, to lift up. EXTORT, v. To obtain by force, or by the passion of avarice. L. extortum, sup. of extorqueo ,- ex, from, and torqueo, to twist. EXTRA, adj. Additional. L. extra, besides. EXTRACT, v. To draw from ; to take out a part. L. extractum, sup. of extraho ; comp. of ex, from, and traho, to draw. EXTRAJUDICIAL, adj. Out of the regular course of legal procedure, L. extra, beyond, and judicial. EXTRANEOUS, adj. Foreign; of a different kind. L. extraneus t ex, out of, and terra, the land. EXTRAORDINARY, or EXTRORDINARY. adj. Uncommon ; un- usual ; eminent. L. extraordinarius ,• extra, beyond, and ordinarius, ordinary: ordo, a rule. EXTRAVAGANT, adj. Irregular ; wild ; prodigal. L. extravagans ,■ extra, beyond, and vagor, to wander. EXTREME, adj. Greatest ; utmost. L. extremus, superl. of extra, beyond. EXTRICATE, v. To disentangle. L. extrico ; ex, out of, and tricae, hairs wrapped round the feet of fowls, to hinder them from escaping. EXTRUDE, v. To thrust out; to push off with violence. L. extrudo.- ex, out, or from, and trudo, to thrust. EXTRUSION, s. Act of extruding. L. extrusus, p. part, of extrudo. See EXTRUDE. EXUBERANT, adj. Overabundant. L. exuberans, part, of exubero ,• extra, beyond, and uber, plentiful. EXU— FAR EXUDE, v. To issue in sweat. L. exudo ; ex, out of, and sudo, td sweat. EXULT, v. To rejoice greatly. L. exulto ,• comp. of ex, from, [the ground, ] and salto, to dance, or leap. FABLE, s. A fictitious stoiy, written for amusement. L. fabula ; for, to speak, or tell. FABRIC, s. Something made. L. fabrica ,• faber, a workman. FACRICATE. v. To construct ; to invent. L. fabrico. See FABRIC. FABULOUS, adj. Fictitious ; false. L. fabulosus. See FABLE. FACETIOUS, adj. Witty. L. facetiae, raillery. FACILITATE, v. To make easy. L. facilis, easy: facio, to do, or cause. FAC SIMILES s. An imitation, as nearly resembling the original as possible. L. factum, a thing done, and simile, neuter of similis, like : the word factum has been here abbreviated to fac. FACT. s. A thing done ; reality. L. factum,- facio, to do. FACTION, s. A party, active in opposing another. L. factio ; facio, to do. FACTOR, s. An agent, employed to buy or sell for another. L. fac- tor ,• from facio, to do, or make. * FACTORY, s. A house, or district, inhabited by the foreign traders of a particular nation, in a distant country 5 the traders themselves ; a manufactory. See FACTOR. FACULTY, s. Power derived from nature ; learned professors. L. facultas ; facio, to do, or make. FALLACY., s. Deceit 5 untruth. L. fallacia • fallo, to slip or slide ; to deceive. FALLIBLE, adj. Liable to error, or to failure. L. fallc, to slip. FALSE, adj. Not morally true ; not physically true ; perfidious ; not real. L. falsus, p. part, of fallo, to slip, or deceive. FAME. s. Rumour ; report ; celebrity ; renown. L. fama : G. pha~ ma ,- phemi, to speak. FAMILIAR, adj. Domestic ; affable ; unceremonious ; well-known ; too nearly acquainted. L. familiaris i familia, a family. FAMINE, s. Distressful scarcity of food. F. famine .• L. fames, hunger. FAMISH, v. To starve. L,. fames, hunger. FAMOUS, adj. Renowned. L. famosiis : fama, report. See FAME. FANATIC, s. A mad enthusiast ; one who has extravagant notions of religion. L. janaticus : fanum, a temple. FANCY, s. Imagination ; raprice ; liking. This is a contraction of phantasy. See FANTASM; FANTASM. s. Something which appears real, but is only in the ima- gination. G. phantasma, an apparition : phaino, to appear. FANTASTIC, adj. Irrational ; whimsical. ¥ . fantasiique. See FAN-. TASM. FARCE, s. A dramatic afterpiece, of a ludicrous kind. F.farcir.- L. farcio, to fill up, or stuff. FARINACEOUS, adj. Mealy. L. farina, meal. FAR— FEL FARRAGO, s. A rude or confused mixture. L. farrago .- far, all kinds of corn. FARRIER. *. A horse-doctor, (a profession usually followed by horse-shoers. ) F. ferrier .• L. ferrarius, belonging to iron: ferrum, iron. FASCES, s. Rods, with an axe bound up in the middle, anciently carried before the Roman consuls. L. fasces, pi. of fastis, a bundle of twigs. FASCINATE, v. To influence, as if by supernatural power ; to de- light highly. L. fascino, to bewitch. FASCINE, s. The military name of a fagot : fascines are used gene- rally for filling up a ditch. F. fascine : L. fastis, a bundle of twigs. FASHION, s. Form ; make ; manner ; general practice. F. facon : from the L. fatio, to make. FASTIDIOUS, adj. Disdainful ; overdelicate ; disagreeably metho- dical. L. fastidiosus : from fastidiuni, pride, reluctance. FATE. s. Destiny ; event predetermined. L. fatum ,- fatus, p. part, of for, to speak ; — alluding to the responses of the ancient oracles. FATUITY, s.. Foolishness ; weakness of mind. F. fatuite .- L. fa> tuus, silly. FAULT, s. Offence ; slight crime ; defect ; difficulty. F. faute .• L. falsus, p. part, of folio, to slip, or deceive. FAUN. s. A kind of rural deity. Faunus, (a son of Picus, an Italian king,) whose attachment to agriculture induced his subjects to re- vere him, after his death, as one of their country deities. See the heathen mythology. FAUX PAS. A false step ; a deviation from rectitude. F. faux, false, and pas, a step. FEALTY, s. Duty or fidelity to a superior lord. F. feal, liege, sub- ject. FEASIBLE, adj. Practicable. T.faisible: faire, to do. FEAT. 5. Act; deed; exploit. F.fait, part, of faire, to do : L. fatio. FEBRIFUGE, s. A medicine serviceable in a fever. L..febris, a fever, sndfugo, to drive away. FEBRILE, adj. Relating to fever. L. febrilis : febris, a fever. FEBRUARY, s. The second month. L. Februarius .- Februa, the mother of Mars. FECULENT, adj. Foul ; excrementitious. L. fseculentus : from fse- cula, small dregs ; faex, dregs. FECUNDITY, s. Fruitfulness. L. foecunditas, fruitfulness. FEDERAL, adj. Relating to a contract ; united. L. fxdus, a league. FEDERALIST, s.- Originally meant an American citizen who voted for the new federal constitution of the United States : — since the beginning of the French war, in 1792, it has had no relative mean- ing ; but, like the term democrat, is used only to serve the interested views of a party. See FEDERAL. • FEIGN, v. To invent ; to pretend. F. feindre : L. Jingo, to make or frame. FELICITATE, v. To congratulate. L. felicito : felicitas, happiness ; felix, happy. FELINE, adj. Resembling, or pertaining to, a cat. L. felinus : felis, a cat. FEL— F1L FELO DE SE. A person of sound mind who commits suicide. L. feh, a felon, de, of, se, himself. FEMININE, adj. Relating or belonging to a female. L. femininus r femina, a woman, FEMME COVERTE. Inlaw, signifies a woman covered or pro- tected, by marriage, from the payment of debt, and, in some cases, from criminal prosecution. F.femme, a woman, couverte, covered. FEMME SOLE. A spinster ; an unmarried woman. F. femme, a woman, and old F. sole, alone. FEND. v. To keep off'; to guard. From Defend. FERJE NATURJE. Of a wild nature ; unreclaimed:— usually ap- plied to animals not domesticated. L. FERMENT, v. To exalt or rarefy, by internal motion of parts ; to have the parts put into intestine motion. L. fermento ; ferveo, to grow hot. FEROCIOUS, adj. Fierce. L. ferocis, gen. of ferox, fierce. FERRUGINOUS, adj. Partaking of the particles and the quality of iron. L. ferruglneus : comp. of ferrurn, iron, and genus, a sort. FERTILE, adj. Fruitful. L. fertilis .• fero, to bear, or produce. FERVENT, adj. Hot; ardent. L. fei-vens, part, of ferveo, to boil. FERVID, adj. Hot; vehement; zealous. L. fervidus : ferveo, to boil. FESTIVAL, s. A feast, or the period of a feast. L. festims: probably from ferio, to strike, kill, or sacrifice. FETE CHAMPETRE. An entertainment, given in the country, in the open air. F. fete, a feast, and champetre, rural. FETID, adj. Rancid ; having an offensive smell. L. foetidus : faeteo, to stink. FIAT. 5. In law, a writ containing a peremptory order. L. fiat, let it be done ; from^o. FICTION, s. Invention; falsehood. L. fictio .* from fidus, p. part- of Jingo, to frame. FICTITIOUS, adj. Counterfeit; not real. L. Jictitius. See FICTION., FIDELITY, s. Faithful adherence ; honesty. L. Jidelitas : fides, faith, or truth. FIDUCIARY, adj. Given in trust ; confiding; undoubting. L. fidu* ciarius : fides, faith. FIERI FACIAS. A judicial writ, directing a sheriff to levy the amount of a debt, or of damages recovered. L. facias, you must cause it, fieri, to be made: facio, and fio. FIGMENT, s. A fiction. L. figmenturn : fingo, to frame. FIGURE, s. Form ; an image ; a character denoting a number ; a trope. L. figura ; from jingo, to shape, or frame. FILAMENT, s. A body, long and slender, like a thread. L. fila- menta : filum, a thread. FILIAL, adj. Regarding a child, in relation to its parents. F. filial: Li.filius, a child. FILIATE, v. To acknowledge as a son ; to adopt as one's child. L*-- films, a son, or child. FILLE DE CHAMBRE. s. A chambermaid. F. FILLE DE JOIE. & A prostitute. F. fitte, a daughter, de, of, joie, pleasure. I FIL— FLtJ FILTER, v. To purify by straining. Low L. Jiltro: comp. offilum, a thread, and traho, to draw 5 referring to the original mode of filter- ing, by suspended threads. FINAL, adj. Last; conclusive. L. finalis : from finis, the end. FINANCE, s. Revenue. F. finance : L. finio, to accomplish. FINE. s. A fine, in law, is an amicable composition or agreement of a suit, by leave of the court ; and is so called because it puts an end to the suit. L. finis, an end. FINESSE, s. A species of artifice, in which art and cunning are em- ployed. F. finesse.- from fin, fine; that is, small, subtle. FINITE, adj. Limited. L. finitus : finis, an end. FISCAL, adj. Relating to the public revenue. F. fiscal: L. fiscus, a treasury. FISSILE, adj. Having the laminae, or grain, in a direction to admit of being cleft. L. fissilis. See FISSURE. FISSURE, s. A cleft. L. fissura: from fissus, p. part, of findo, to cleave. FISTULA, s. A sinuous ulcer. L. fistula, a pipe. FIX. v. To fasten ; to settle. L. fixum, sup. of- figo, to fasten. FLACCID, adj. Limber ; soft. L. fiaccidus : Jtacceo, to wither. FLAGELLATION, s. Use of the scourge ; a flogging. L. fiagellum, a scourge. FLAGITIOUS, adj. Atrocious. L. fiagitius. See FLAGRANT. FLAGRANT, adj. Sometimes means flushed, but commonly, notori* ous, or atrocious. L. fiagrans, part, of fiagro, to be on fire. FLAMBEAU, s. A torch. F. fiambeau: comp. of fiamme, flame, and beau, handsome. FLATULENT, adj. Windy. L. fiatukntus .- fiatus, a puff: fiatus, £. part, of fio, to blow. FLEXIBLE, adj. Possible to be bent ; pliant. L. fiexibilis : fiexus, p. part, of fiecto, to bend. FLORID, adj. Bright in colour ; flushed with red ; embellished. L. fioridus ; from fioris, gen. of fios, a flower. FLORIST, adj. A cultivator of flowers; a maker or vender of artificial flowers. L. fioris, gen. of fios, a flower. FLOURISH, v. To have vigour ; to boast. L. fioreo ,• fioris, gen. of fios, a flower. FLU ATE. s. A weak salt, which, by means of strong sulphuric acid, yields a vapour, and when condensed forms liquid fluoric acid. L. fiuo, to flow. FLUCTUATE, v. To flow backwards and forwards ; to vary often. L. fiuctuo : fiuctus, a wave: fiuo, to flow. FLUE. s. A passage for smoke. L. fiuo, to flow, or pass away. FLUENT, adj. Flowing; having a ready command of words. L. fiuens, part, of fiuo, to flow. FLUID, adj. Liquid. L. fiuidus : fiuo, to flow. FLUTE, s. A tubated musical instrument. F. fiute .- lu.fiuto, to flow gently: fiuo, to flow. FLUTED, adj. Resembling the shape of a flute. See FLUTE. FLUX. s. Act of flowing ; thing which flows 5 dysentery. L. fiuxus from fiuo, to flow. FLU— FOU FLUXIONS, s. A species of arithmetic, invented by Newton. L. fiuxio, a flowing". FOCUS, s. The point where the rays of heat are collected by a burn- ing-glass ; a certain point in the axis of a curve. L. focus, a fire- hearth, or the fire. FOLIAGE, s. Leaves. F. feuillage : L. folium, a leaf. FOLIATE, v. To put forth leaves ; to beat into laminas or leaves, as in beating gold. L. foliatus, having- leaves: folium, a leaf. FOLIO, s. A book, the leaves of which are formed of sheets of paper once doubled. L. abl. of folium, a leaf. FOMENT, v. To cherish with heat ; to bathe with warm lotions ; (in an evil sense) to encourage. L. fomenlor : from foveo, to keep warm. FORAGE, v. To go out in search of provisions. F. fourrager : four- rage, fodder: foiirrer, to stuff in. FORCE, s. Strength; active power. F. force: L. fors, strength. FORCEPS. s. Surgical tongs. L. forceps, a pair of tongs. FOREIGN, adj. Not of this country ; not allied ; without relation. F. forain : L. foris, abroad. FORENSIC, adj. Belonging, or appropriate to, a court of judicature. L. forensis. See FORUM. FORGE, v. To form by hammering ; to imitate. F. forger, to hammer. FORFEIT, s. Something lost by the commission of a crime, and thereby gone away, or departed from the owner ; a fine. F. forfait: L. foris, abroad, and foetus, part, of fio, to be made, or become. FORMIDABLE, adj. Apt to excite fear. L. formidabilis : formido, fear. FORMULA, s. A prescribed order. L. formula: forma, a form. FORTIFY, v. To strengthen. F. fortifier: L,. fortis, strong, and facto, to make. FORTITER IN RE. With promptness and determination in the execution of an affair. L. ; an expression opposed to suaviter in modo. FORTITUDE, s. Bravery in resisting, or in suffering. L. fortitudo -- from fortis, hardy, strong. FORTRESS, s. A fortified building. F. fortresse: L. fortis, strong. FORTUITOUS, adj. Accidental. L. fortuitus : fortis, gen. of fors, chance, and itus, the act of going. FORTUNATE, adj. Lucky ; successful. L. fortunatus : fortuna, for- tune. FORUM, s. The market-place of Rome, where great judicial causes were tried. L. forum, a market-place. FOSSE, s. A military ditch. F. fosse: L. fossa: fossus, p. part, of fodio, to dig. FOSSIL, s. Something dug out of the earth. L. fossilis. See FOSSE. FOUND, v. To originate, as a town or a cokmy. L. fundo, (fundare,) to lay the groundwork : fundus, land. FOUND, v. To cast, as at a foundry. L. fundo, (fundere,) to pour out. FOUNDATION, s. The basis or lower part of an edifice ; the prin- F3U— PRU ciple or ground upon which any notion is raised. F\ fondatim, See FOUND, to originate. FOUNDRY, s. A place where articles are formed of melted metals. See FOUND, to cast. FOUNTAIN, s. A visible spring-; a spout of water; origin; first cause. F. fontaine • L. fans : from f undo, to pour out. FRACTION, s. An arithmetical part of an integer. L. fractio i fractus, p. part, of frango, to break. FRACTURE, s. Breach; separation of a bone. L. fractura. See FRACTION. FRAGTLE. adj. Easily broken ; uncertain. L. fragilis ; frango, to break. FRAGMENT, s. A part broken off: an imperfect part. L. frag' mentum: from frango, to break. FRAGRANT, adj. Sweet-smelling. L. fragrans, part, of fragro, to smell sweetly: fragum, a strawberry. FRAIL, adj. Weak ; decaying easily ; easily destroyed ; weak of re- solution. F. frek: L. fragilis. See FRAGILE. FRANCHISE, a. Privilege. F. FRANGIBLE, adj. Easily broken. L. frango, to break. FRANTIC, adj. Mad; outrageously mad. (corrupted from phrenetic.') FRATERNAL, adj. Brotherly; relating to brothers. F. fraternel: L. j rater, a brother. FRATRICIDE, s. Murder of a brother. L. fratricidium : f rater, a brother, and csedo, to kill. FRAUD, s. Deceit ; dishonesty. F. fraude t L. fraudis, gen. of fraus, deceit. FRAY. s. See AFFRAY. FRENETIC, adj. Originally, Phrenetic. Mad ; distracted. G. phre- netikos. See FRENZY. FRENZY, s. Temporary madness ; mental distraction. G. phrenetis, madness; (from phren, the mind) whence, phrenetisy — phrenetsy — phrenzy — frenzy. FRIABLE, adj. Easily reduced to powder. F. friable.- L.friabilis; frio, to crumble. FRICTION. s. The act of rubbing. L. frictio : frico, to rub. FRIGID, adj. Cold; dull. I *. frigidus : from frigus, cold. FRIGORIFIC. adj. Producing cold ; or, in chemical language, de- priving of heat. L. frigorijicus : comp. of j 'rigor, cold, and facio, to make. FRISEUR. s. A hairdresser. F. friseur .- friser, to curl. FRITTER, v. To cut small ; to destroy gradually. F. friture, a piece of meat cut small: L. frictus, p. part, of frico, to rub. FRIVOLOUS, adj. Slight ; trifling. L. frivolus, trifling. FRONT, s. The face ; the forepart of any thing. F. front : L. frons, the forehead. FRONTAL, adj. Relating to the forehead. F. frontal See FRONT, FRUCTIFY, v. To make fruitful. F. fructifier : L. fructus, fruit, and facio, to make. FRUGAL, adj. Sparing; economical. L. frugalis : from fruges, fruit, ©r corn: meaning, careful of provisions. FRU— GAS FRUITION, adj. Enjoyment of what one possesses. L. fruitus, part, of fruor, to enjoy. The miser has possession, but not fruition. FRUSTRATE, v. To defeat. L. frustro, to disappoint. FUEL. s. Material for burning. F. feu, fire. FUGACITY. adj. Volatility ; quality of flying away ; a term used by chemists. L. fugacis, gen. offugax. See FUGITIVE. FUGITIVE, adj. Escaping ; unstable ; volatile. L. fugitivus : fugio, to flee or escape. FUGITIVE, s. One who runs from his station or duty. See the ad- jective. FULCRUM, s. That on which a lever rests and moves. L. fulcrum : fulcio, to prop. FULMINATE, v. To make a loud crack ; to issue ecclesiastical cen- sure. L. fulmino : from fulmen, thunder. FUME. s. Smoke ; vapour. L. fumus, smoke. FUMIGATE, v. To fill with smoke or vapour. See FUME. FUNCTION, s. Performance ; employment. L. functio : functus, part, of ficngor, to execute. FUNDAMENTAL, adj. Relating to the foundation or origin ; essen- tial. L. fundament alts ,- fundamentum, a foundation? fundo, to found. FUNGOUS, adj. Excrescent. L. fungus, a mushroom. FUNERAL, s. The solemnity which attends the consignment of a body to the grave. L. funeris, gen. offunus, a funeral: from funis, a cord ; because lighted cords or torches were carried, by the Ro- mans, before the bodies which were interred by night. FURTIVE, adj. Stolen. L. furtivus .- fir, a thief. FUSE. v. To melt. L. fusum, sup. of fundo, to pour out. FUSE. s. A small pipe, inserted in a bomb-shell, through which the exploding fire passes. F. fuseau, a spindle. FUSIBLE, adj. Capable of being melted. See the verb FUSE. FUTILE, adj. Of no effect. L. futilis : futio, to pour out. FUTURE, adj. Relating to time to come. ~L.futurus, about to be 5 part, of the irreg. v. % sum, I am. GALAXY, s. A stream of light in the sky, called the milky way. G, galaxia : from gala, milk. See the heathen mythology. GALLICISM, s. A mode of speech peculiar to the French language. F. gatiicisme : L. Gallia, the ancient name of France. GANGRENE, tf. A cancerous sore. L. gangrsena : G. gangraina ? graino, to feed upon ; meaning, to destroy. GARGLE, v. To wash the throat. F. gargouiller ,• G. gargareon, the throat. GARRISON, s. The soldiers of a fortified town or castle ; the town or castle having defenders. F. garnison : garnir, to furnish- GARRULOUS, adj. Talkative. L. garrulus -• from garrio, to prate. GASCONADE, s. A boast ; a bravado. F. from Gascon, an inhabitant of Gascony, in France ; a province remarkable for boasting. GASTRIC, adj. Relating to the stomach, G. gaster^ the belly, or (Sto- mach* 12 GEL— GEO GELATINOUS, adj. Of the nature of jell}'. L. gelatus, p. part, of gelo, to freeze : gelu, frost. GELID, adj. Extremely cold ; frozen. L. gelidus : gelu, frost. GEM. s. A jewel. L. gemma, a jewel. GEMINI, s. A sign of the zodiac, represented by figures of the twin brothers, Castor and Pollux. L. gemini, twins. GENDER, s. A natural sex ; a grammatical sex. F. gendre : L. ge- neris, genitive of genus, a kind. GENEALOGY, s. History of the succession of families. G. genea, a generation, and logos, a description. GENERA, s. Classes. See GENUS. GENERAL, s. The totality ; the main, without descending to parti- culars: — adj. comprehending many species or individuals ; not re- strained by narrow or distinctive limitations • public ; common. F, general: L. generalis .• from generis, gen. of genus, a kind. GENERATE, s. To beget ; to produce. L. genero : genus, a race. GENERIC, adj. Relating to a genus or class. F. generique : L. ge» neris, genitive of genus, a race. GENEROUS, adj. The primary meaning of this word, "of high birth,*' or " good extraction," is long since obsolete. It now signifies noble- minded, open-hearted, liberal? — when applied to animals, faithful* courageous * — when applied to wines, soils, &c. strong, rich, nutri- tive. F. genereux : L. generosus, noble : from generis, gen, of genus, a race. GENESIS, s. The first book of Moses, which describes the creation of the world and the lives of the first patriarchs. G. genesis .- from genea, a generation. GENIAL, adj. Contributing to propagation * natural. L. genialis t genus, a race. GENITALS, s. The members of generation. L. genitalis. See GENIAL. GENITIVE, adj. A case in grammar, called by the Latins, genitivus : from gigno, to beget, because, it, in a manner, generates other cases depending on it, and is chiefly used in the formation of compounded words. "GENTEEL, adj. Polite; graceful; fashionable. F. gentih L. gen- tilis, of the same family, or one to whom the estate would descend: from gentis, gen. of gens, a nation, or family. GENTILE, s. A term applied by the Israelites and Christians, to dis- tinguish a foreigner, or one who knew not the true God. L. gen- tilis ; from gentis, gen. of gens, a nation. GENTLE, adj. Formerly meant well-born ; hence, the term gentle- man ; but it now signifies mild. See GENTEEL. GENUFLEXION, s. The act of bending the knee. L. genu, a knee, and fiectio, or jlexio, a bending ; from JHecto, to bend. GENUINE, adj. Not spurious ; unmixed ; natural. L. genuinus : from genus, a kindred, or sort. GENUS, s. In science, a class, comprehending many species. L. ge- nus, a race, or sort: pi. genera, from geno, to beget. GEOGRAPHY, s. Description of the earth, according to its natural or political divisions. G. ge, the earth, and grapho, to describe. GEO— GNO GEOLOGY, s. The doctrine of the formation and composition of ffcd earth. G. ge, the earth, and fog-os, a word or description. GEOMETRY. 5. Originally signified the art of measuring- the earth, or certain divisions of it ; but it is now used for the science of quantity or extension, abstractedly, without any regard to matter. G. geo* meiria : comp. of ge, the earth, and metreo, to measure. GEORGIC. adj. Relating to the culture of land, as treated by Virgil. L. georgicus : G. georgikon : ge, the earth, and ergon, work. GERMAN, adj. A cousin-german, is one related to another by consan* guinity, or blood, not by affinity, or marriage. L. germanus : ger- men, a sprout. GERMINATE, v. To sprout. L. germino i germen, a branch, or bud. GESTATION. s. The act of carrying the young before birth. L. ges- tatio : from gestus, p. part, of gero, to cany. GESTICULATION, v. Various artificial gestures. L. gesticulatio. See GESTURE. GESTURE, s. Expressive motion and carriage of the body. L. gestus; gero, to carry. GIANT, s. A man of size above the ordinary rate. L. gigantis, gen, of gigas, a giant: G. gigas,- comp. of gea, the earth, and gao, to be born. See the heathen mythology. GIBBOUS, adj. Convex ; protuberant. L. gibbus. GIGANTIC, adj. Of very large stature. L. gigantis, gen. of gigas, a giant. GLACIERS, s. Huge masses of mountain ice. F. glaciers : glace, ice: L. glades. GLACIS, s. In fortification, is a smooth, sloping fence. F. glacis : glace, ice: L. glacies. GLADIATOR. 5. A Roman prize-fighter, with or without a sword. L, gladiator : from gladius, a sword. GLAND, s. A term in anatomy. F. gland: L. glandula, a kernel in the flesh. GLANDERS, s. A glandular disorder peculiar to horses, and creating a purulent discharge from the nostrils. See GLAND. GLEBE, s. Land ; church-land. L. gleba, a lump of earth. GLOBE, s. A round body ; the earth. L. globus, a ball. GLOBULAR, adj. Having the form of a globe. See GLOBE. GLOBULE, s. A round particle of matter. L. globulus. See GLOBE. GLOSSARY, s. A dictionary of antiquated or obscure words. L. glos- sarium : G. glossa, a tongue, or language. GLOSSOGRAPHER. s. A writer of glossaries ; a commentator upon words. G. glossa, a tongue, and grapho, to write. GLUTINOUS, adj. Of the nature of glue. L. gluiinosus: gluten, glue. GLUTTON, s. One who indulges too much in eating. F. glouton. L. glutio, to swallow. GNOMON, s. The hand or stile of a dial. G. gnomon : ginosko, to know. GNOMONICS. s. The art of dialling. G. gnomonike. See GNOMON, GNOSTIC, s. One of a numerous sect of Christians of the first century, who pretended to a high degree of knowledge, and held extrava- gant notions of religion, G. ginosko, to know. GOR— GRO GORGET. 5. A piece of armour, which defends the throat ; an orna- ment worn by military officers, suspended from the neck, so as to reach the breast. F. goige, the throat, or neck. GORMANDIZE, v. To eat greedily. F. gourmand, a glutton. GRADATION, s. Regular progress from one degree to another. L. gradatio : from gradus, a step. GRADE, s. Rank ; class: — a word used only in the United States. L. gradus, a step. GRADUAL, adj. Proceeding by degrees. F. graduel: L. gradus, a step. GRADUATE, v. To mark with degrees ; to obtain a collegiate de- gree. L. gradus, a step. GRAMINEOUS, adj. Grassy. L. gramineus : gramen, grass. GRAMINIVOROUS, adj. Grass-eating ; living on grass. L. gramen, grass, and voro, to eat. GRAMMAR, s. The art of using a language correctly ; a book which teaches the science of grammar. F. grammaire,- G. gramma, a letter. GRANARY, s. A store for corn. L. grananum : from granum, a grain of corn. GRANITE, s. A sort of stone, formed of distinct grains or particles* F. grariit : L. granum, a grain. GRANIVOROUS. adj. Living on grain. L. granum, a grain of corn, and voro, to eat. GRANT, v. To assign with a warranty or assurance of title and quiet enjoyment ; to concede ; to admit ; to allow. F. garantir, to war- rant. GRANULATE, v. To form into grains. L. granum, a grain, and la- tum, sup. of fero, to bring. GRAPHIC, adj. Relating to the art of delineating, or of engraving. G. grapho, to write, or engrave. GRATIFY, v. To indulge ; to please. L. gratificor .• comp. of gratus, agreeable, and facio, to make. GRATIS, s. Without requiring payment. L. gratis : gratus, welcome. GRATITUDE, s. Desire to repay benefits. Low. L. gratitudo : from grator, to thank. GRATUITOUS, adj. Voluntary ; as a gift. L. gratuitus. See GRA- TIS. Gratuitous is sometimes used to denote without proof ; but this sense is erroneous. GRATUITY, s. A gift. F. gratuite. See GRATIS. GRATULATORY. adj. Expressing congratulation. L. gratulor, to congratulate: gratus, welcome. GRAVE, adj. Solemn. L. gravis, weighty. GRAVITATE, v. To tend, by intrinsic weight, towards the centre of attraction. See GRAVITY. GRAVITY, s. Weight ; solemnity. L. gravitas : gravis, heavy. GRECISM. s. A mode of speech peculiar to the Greek language. L. grsecismics : from Grsecia, Greece. GREGARIOUS, adj. Living in flocks. L. gregarius : from greges, pi. of grex, a flock. GROSS, adj. Bulky ; palpable ; unrefined ; indelicate. F. gros, thick, coarse. GUA— HEB GUARANTEE. 5. One who insures the fulfilment of a contract. F garantie : from garantir, (formerly guarantir,) to warrant. GUBERNATORIAL, adj. Relating to the office of a chief magistrate. L. gubemator, a governor. GUTTURAL, adj. Pronounced in the throat. L. gutluralis: guttur, the throat. GYMNASTIC, adj. Relating to athletic exercises. L. gymnasticus : G. gumnastikos .• from gumnos, unclothed. GYMNOSOPHIST. s. One of a sect of Indian philosophers, \vh» thought it conformable with the law of nature to go naked. F. gymnosophist : G. gumnos, naked, and sophistes, a wise man. GYRATION, s. The act of turning any thing about. L. gyratus, turned about. G. guros, a circuit. H. HABEAS CORPUS. The name of a judicial writ, which commands a jailer, or other person having any one in custody, or under unlaw- ful restraint, to bring him before the court. L. habeas, you must have, cm-pus, the body [before us.] HABERE FACIAS. If a person recovers a chattel interest, in land, the writ of execution is an habere facias possessionem ; which directs the sheriff to give actual possession. L. HABILIMENT, s. Dress. F. habillement : L. habeo, to have. HABIT, s. The effect of custom -, dress. L. habitus ,• habeo, to have. HABITABLE, adj. Capable of being dwelt in. L. habitabilis. See HABITATION. HABITATION, s. Place of abode. L. habitatio : habito, to dwell ; from habeo, to have. HALCYON, adj. Happy. L. halcyoneus .- from Hakyone, daughter ofiEolus; who, (according to a heathen fiction,) drowned herself in the sea: whence, birds of the same name arose ; during whose hatching, there is always a calm. HALO. s. A coloured circle around the sun, moon, or any of the larger stars. G. hubs, an area. HAMADRYAD, s. According to the heathen mythology, nymphs who presided over trees, with which they lived and died. G, hama, to- gether with, and drus, an oak. HANAPER. s. The clerk of the hanaper receives the fees due to the king of England, for charters and patents. Low L. hanaperium, a large basket, or a treasury. HARMONY, s. Agreement; musical concord. G. harmonia .- comp. of haro, to fit. HARPY. s. According to the heathen mythology, a winged monster, which had the face of a woman, the body of a vulture, and the feet and fingers armed with sharp claws ; a rapacious monster. L. har- pia : G. harpax, rapacious. HAUGHTY, adj. Proud ; arrogant ; contemptuous. F. haul, high ; * or from a Saxon word of the same meaning. HAUTEUR, s. Pride ; haughtiness. F. hauteur : haut, high. HEBDOMADAL, adj. Weekly. L. hebdomada; G. hebdomads, a weekf hepta, seven. HEC— HER HECATOMB, s. An ancient heathen sacrifice of a hundred head of cattle. L. hecatombes .• G. hekatombe: hekaton, a hundred, and bous, an ox. HECTIC, adj. Constitutional. F. hectique : G. hexis, a habit. HEINOUS, adj* Atrocious. F. haineux : from haine, ill-will. HEIR. s. One to whom an estate or any property has descended. L. haeres .- from hsereo, to stick or continue. HELIOSCOPE, s. A kind of telescope, or glass, contrived to enable one to look at the sun without injury to the eye. G. helios, the sun, and skopeo, to view. HELIOTROPE, s. The sun-flower ; a flower which keeps its face al- ways towards the sun. G. helios, the sun, and trepho, to turn. HEMISPHERE, s. Half a sphere ; half of the earth. G. hemisphai- rum.- comp. ofhemisu, half, and sphaira, a globe, or sphere. HEMISTIC. s. Haifa verse of poetry. G. hemistichion : hemisu, half, and stichos, a verse. HEMORRHAGE, s. A violent flux of blood. G. haimorrkagia: haima, blood, and rhegnumi, to burst. HEMORRHOIDS, s. The piles. G. haimorrhides : haima, blood, and rheo, to flow. HEPATIC, adj. Relating" or pertaining to the liver. G. hepatos, gen. of hepar, the liver. HEPTAGON, s. A figure having seven sides and angles. G. hepta\ seven, and gonia, a corner, or angle. HEPTANDRIA. s. A genus of plants with hermaphrodite flowers and seven stamina. G. hepta, seven, and andria, virility. HEP T ANGULAR, adj. Having seven angles. G. hepta, seven, and L. angulus, a corner, or angle. HEPTARCHY, s. A federal government, consisting of seven states. G. hepta, seven, and arche, government. HERBIVOROUS, adj. Naturally inclined to eat herbs. L. herba, an herb, and voro, to devour. HERCULEAN, adj. Having great strength, or large bodily frame j laborious. See Hercules, in the heathen mythology. HEREDITARY, adj. Descending by inheritance. lu.'hereditarius. See HEIR. HERESIARCH. s. A leader in heresy. F. heresiarque : G. hairesis, heresy, and archos, a chief. See HERESY. HERESY, s. An opinion different from the tenets of the catholic church. F. heresie : G. hairesis .• from haireo, to choose or adopt [an opinion.] HERETIC. *. One who propagates or is inclined to heresy. F. here- tique .• G. hairetikos. See HERESY. HERITAGE. *. Inheritance ; estate devolved by succession ; estate in general. F. heritage. See HEIR. HERMAPHRODITE, s. An animal, or a plant, which unites the two sexes. F. hermaphrodite: G. Hermes, Mercury, and Aphrodite, Venus. See Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, title Hermaphroditus. HERMETICALLY, adv. In a manner practised by chemists, (as her- metically sealed.) G. Hermes, Mercury, the fabled inventor of chemistry. HER— HO&t HERMIT, s. A person who lives in solitude. P. her mite.- G. hermits - eremia, a desert. HERNIA, s. A corporeal rupture. L. hernia : G. hernos, a sprout • alluding" to its protuberance. ' HERO. s. A man eminent for bravery ; chief personage in a poem or drama. L. heros, a hero: G. heros, lovely, delightful. HERPES, s. A species of cutaneous inflammation. L. herpes • G herpo, to creep. HESITATE, v. To pause. L. hsesito : from haereo, to stick fast. HETEROCLITE. adj. Irregular ; varying from the common modes of declension ; deviating from the common rule. L. heteroclitum : G. heteros, another, and klino, to incline or turn away. HETERODOX, s. Differing from an established opinion. G. heteros, another, and doxa, an opinion. HETEROGENEOUS, adj. D^similar in natural qualities. G. heteros. another, and genos, a kind. HEXAGON, s. A figure having six sides and angles. G. hex, six, and gorna, a corner, or angle. HEXAMETER, adj. Relating to verse of six feet. L. hexameter: G. hex, six, and metron, measure. HEXANGULAR. adj. Having six angles. G. hex, six, and L. ansulus. a corner, or angle. HEXAPOD. s. An animal with six feet. G. hex, six, and nodes, fpl. of pons,) feet. r ' KV HIATUS, s. A chasm; an omission in writing. L. hiatus: hio, to gape. HIBERNAL, adj. Relating to winter. L. hibernus, relating to winter. HIERARCH. s. The chief of a sacred order. G. hieros t holy, and archos, a chief. J HIEROGLYPHIC, s. An emblem by which an idea or word is signi- fied. L. hieroglyphicus : G. Heros, sacred, and glupho, to carve- because, used anciently in religious writings. HDLARITY. s. Mirth. L. hilar itas : G. hilaros, joyful. HD?POGRIFF. s. A winged horse, imagined by the Italian poet, Ari- osto. G. hippos, a horse, and grups, a griffin. HIPPOPOTAMUS, s. The river-horse. L. hippopotamus: G. hippos ahorse, and potamos, a river. r HISTORIOGRAPHER, s. A writer of history. G. historia, historv and grapho, to write. J ' HISTORY, s. A dignified narration of events ; narration. L. historia ' G. historia .• histor, a witness. HISTRIONIC, adj. Theatrical. L. histrio, a stage -player. HOMAGE, s. Service paid, and fealty professed, to a sovereign or su- perior lord, by his tenant or vassal; who, holding up his hands, both together, between those of the lord, professed that he became his man, from that day forth, &c. ; respect shown by external action. F. hommage : L. homagium .- homo, a man. HOMICIDE, s. The unpremeditated killing of anv human being. L homicidmm: comp. of homo, a man, or human being, and csedo, t© HOMILY, s. A religious discourse read to a congregation. G. homilia ■ trom homileo, to associate. HOM— HYD HOMOGENEAL. adj. Having the same nature or principles. G. homos-,- like, and genos, a kind. HONEST, adj. Upright ; sincere ; just ; chaste. L. honestus : honor, honour, respect. -HONOUR, s. Dignity ; reputation 5 nobleness of mind ; reverence. L. honor, honour. HONORARY, adj. Done in honour ; having honour without gain. L. honorarius. See HONOUR. HORIZON, s. The line which terminates the view. G. horizon: horizo f to limit. HORIZONTAL, adj. Parallel to the horizon 5 level. See HORIZON. HOROLOGICAL. adj. Relating or pertaining to the hours. G. hora, an hour, and logos, a word or description. HOROSCOPE, s. A configuration of the planets, by an astrologer, at any particular hour. G. horoskopos .- hora, an hour, and skopeo, to view. HORRID, adj. Hideous ; dreadful. L. horridus ; horreo, to be rough * to tremble through fear. HORS DE COMBAT. A French term, denoting wounded, or ren- dered, by some other accident, in battle, unfit for immediate ser- vice: hors, out, de, of, combat, battle. HORTATIVE, adj. Exhortive. L. hortativus : from hortor, to advise. HORTICULTURE, s. The art of cultivating gardens. L. horti, gen. of hortus, a garden, and culture. HOSANNA. s. Exclamation of praise to God. G. hosanna,- from two Hebrew words ; signifying, I pray salvation, I wish prosperity. HOSPITABLE, adj. Kind to strangers. L. hospitabilis : hospitium, an inn: hospes, a guest, or an entertainer. HOSPITAL, s. A place built for the reception of the sick, or poor. L. hospitalis, belonging to strangers. See HOSPITABLE. HOST. s. One who entertains in his own house ; the landlord of an inn. F. hoste: L» hospes, an entertainer. — An army assembled for war ; a multitude: hostis, an enemy. —The consecrated wafer in the Roman church: hostia, a sacrifice for having obtained a victory over enemies ; or a sacrifice in general. HOSTILE, adj. Adverse ; opposed. L. hostilis ; from hostes, a fo- reigner, a public enemy. HUE. s. Hue and Cry, is the old common-law process of pursuing, with horn and with voice, all felons, and such as have dangerously wounded another. F. huer, to hoot at, or shout. HUMAN, adj. Having the qualities of a man; relating or belonging to mankind. L. humanus ; homo, a man. HUMANE, adj. Charitable ; merciful. F. humaine. See HUMAN. HUMBLE, adj. Low ; unassuming. F. humble : L. humilis : from humus, the ground. HUMID, adj. Moist ; watery. L. humidus : humus, the ground. HUMILITY, s. Humbleness ; freedom from arrogance. F. humility ; L. humihias. See HUMBLE. HUMOUR, s. Bodily moisture ; temper of mind ; a sort of wit. L. humor. See HUMID. HYDRA, s. A monstrous water-serpent, with many heads, said to have been slain by Hercules; a complicated mischief- L. hydra: O. hudor, water. HYD— HYP HYDRANT, s. A pipe, with a turncock attached, from which water s for the convenience of the public, or of a private family. G. hudor, jp-ater. HYDRAULICS, s. The art of conveying water through pipes. G. hu- dor, water, and aulas, a pipe. HYDROCEPHALUS, s. A dropsy in the head. L. hydrocephalos : G. hudor, water, and kephuk, the head. HYDROFUGE s. A preservative against moisture. G. hudor, water, and fugo, to drive away. HYDROGEN, s. One of the constituent parts of water. G. hudor, water, and gennao, to produce. HYDROGRAPHER. s. One who draws sea-charts. G. hudor, water, and grcpho, to describe. HYDROMETER, s. An instrument for ascertaining" the weight of liquids. G. hudor, water, and metreo, to measure. HYDRONAMICS. s. Laws relating to the motion of water. HYDROPHOBIA, s. Canine madness ; the most striking evidence of which is a dread of water. L. hydrophobia : G. hudrophobia ; hudor, water, and phobos, dread. HYDROPIC, adj. Dropsical. L. hydropicus : G. hudrops, the dropsy: hudor, water, and ops, an appearance. HYDROSTATICS, s. The science of the weight and pressure of water. G. hudor, water, and statos, part, of istemi, to stand or sustain. HYGROMETER, s. An instrument for denoting the humidity of the atmosphere. G. hugros, moist, and metreo, to measure. HYGROSCOPE. s. An hygrometer. G. hugros, moist, and skopeo, to view. HYGROSTATICS. s. The science which ascertains degrees of mois- ture. G. hugros, moist, and statos, part, of istemi, to stand or sus- tain. HYMENEAL, adj. Relating to marriage. L. Hymen, the god of mar- riage. HYMN. s. A song of praise ; a divine song. F. hymne : G. humnos, a song of praise. HYPERBOLA, s. A term in mathematics. G. huper, over, and ballo, to throw. HYPERBOLE', s. A rhetorical figure, by which anything is increased or diminished beyond the truth. L. hyperbole ': G. huperbole ; com p. of huper, over, and ballo, to throw. HYPERBOREAN, adj. Northern. L. hyperboreus : G. huper, beyond, and Boreas, the north-wind. HYPERCRITICAL, adj. Captiously exact as a critic ; critical beyond use. G. huper, above, and critical. See CRITIC. HYPHEN, s. A mark (-) used to join words, and parts of words. G. huphen, together. HYPOCHONDRIAC, adj. Melancholy; disordered in the imagination ^ a state in which a person is bound down, as by some animal cord. F» hypochondriaque : G. hupo, under, and chondros, a cartilage. HYPOCRISY, s. Dissimulation, with regard to moral or religious senti- ments. G. hupokrisis ,- hupo, under, and krisis, a judgment, or opi- nion: meaning an appearance under si mask. K HYP— IGN HYPOGASTRIC, adj. Seated in the lower part of the belly. F. hypo- gastrique: G. hupo, under, and gaster, the bell v. HYPOTENUSE, s. The longest side of a right-angled triangle. G, hupotenousa ,- comp. of hupo, under, and teino, to stretch out. HYPOTHECATE, v. Todeposite as a pledge. L. hypothecs, a pledge: G. hupo, from, and theke, a place of deposite. HYPOTHESIS, s. A supposition. L. hypothesis: G. hupothesis ,• hupo, before, and thesis, a position. HYPOTHETIC, or HYPOTHETICAL, adj. Including a supposition; conditional. See HYPOTHESIS. HYSTERIC, or HYSTERICAL, adj. Subject to a species of fits. G. husterikos ; hustera, the womb ; from which region, the cause of this female weakness was supposed to issue. I. IAMBUS, s. A poetical foot, consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one. L. iambus : G. iambos ; from iambizo, to rail or revile ; the iambic measure having been originally used only in satire. ICHOR, s. A thin, watery humour. G. ichor, raw or immature blood. ICHTHYOLOGY, s. The science of the nature of fishes. G. ichthuo- logia ; comp. ofichthus, a fish, and logos, a description. ICONOGRAPHY, s. A history or description of images. G. eikon, an image, and grapho, to write. ICTERIC AL. adj. Afflicted with jaundice. L. ictericus .• G. ikteros, the jaundice. IDEA. s. A mental conception. G. idea; from eido, to see ; that is, in the mind. IDENTITY, s. Sameness. L. identitas ,- idem, the same. IDES. s. A term in the Roman kalendar, denoting the 13th day of each month, except of March, May, July, and October, in which it relates to the 15th. L. idus. The further etymology of this word is so obscure, that I will not attempt to display it. IDIOM, s. A mode of speech peculiar to a language. G. idioma ,- from idios, peculiar. IDIOT, s. One born a fool. L. idiota ; an illiterate, simple person ; a private man, not in office: G. idios, private. IDOL. s. An image worshiped as God ; one loved or honoured almost to adoration. L. idolum .- G. eidolon, an image : from eido t to see. IGNEOUS, adj. Containing fire. L. igneus ; ignis, fire. IGN1S-FATUUS. s. A meteor arising from marshes or stagnant wa- ters ; will-o-the-wisp. L ignis, fire, and faiuus, foolish or flashy. IGNITE, v. To kindle. L. ig7iis, fire. IGNOMINIOUS, adj. Disgraceful. L. ignominiosus ,- from ignominia, properly a mark of disgrace prefixed to a man's name by the Roman censors: ignavus, slothful or cowardly, and nomen, a name. IGNORAMUS, s. Signifies "we are ignorant of it ;" "we do not per- ceive any crime;" a verdict of acquittal given by a grand jury. L. ignoi-o, to be ignorant. IGNORANT, adj. Wanting knowledge ; untaught. F. ignorant : L. ignorans, part, oiignoro, not to know: in, not, and gnartts, skilful. IGN— IMM IGNORE, v. To quash a bill of indictment, by writing on it the word ignoramus. See IGNORAMUS. ILLATIVE, adj. Relating to inference or conclusion. L. illatus y p. part, ofinfero; comp. of in, into, and/ero, to bring. 1LLAUDIBLE. adj. Not deserving praise or approbation. L. illauda- bilis ; comp. of in, not, and laudabilis, praiseworthy : laudo, to praise. ILLEGAL, adj. Not lawful. L. in, not, and legal. ILLEGIBLE, adj. Impossible to be read. L. in, not, and legible. ILLEGITIMATE, adj. Irregular ; not born in wedlock. L. in, not, and legitimate. ILLIBERAL, adj. Not liberal ; not generous ; sparing. L. illiberalis; in, not, and Uberalis, genteel, liberal: liber, free. ILLICIT, adj. Unlawful. L. illicitus ; from in, not, and liceo, to be* lawful. ILLITERATE, adj. Unlearned; untaught. L. illiteraius ; comp. of in, without, and liter se, letters. ILLUMINATE, v. To enlighten ; to adorn with lights. L. illuminot in, into, and lumen, light. ILLUDE. v. To deceive, or mock. L. illudo : in, against, and ludo, to sport. ILLUSION, s. Deception ; error. L. illusio. See ILLUDE. ILLUSTRATE, v. To explain. L. illustro; in, concerning, and lustro, to purify ; that is, to free from obscurity. ILLUSTRIOUS, adj. Conspicuously eminent for good qualities; noble. L. illustris, bright. IMAGE. 5. A corporeal representation ; a statue ; a picture ; sem- blance; appearance. L. imago ; from imitor, to imitate. IMAGINE, v. To fancy ; to paint in the mind ; to contrive. L. ima* ginor. See IMAGE. IMBECDLE. adj. Weak ; ineffectual. L. imbecillis, weak. IMBIBE, v. To draw in ; to absorb ; to acquire. L. imbibo ; comp. of in, into, and bibo, to drink. IMBRICATED, adj. Indented with cavities ; hollowed like a gutter- tile. L. imbricis, gen. of imbrex, a small canal or gutter to carry off rain: imber, a shower of rain. IMBUE, v. To tincture deeply ; to furnish completely. L. imbuo, to dye, or soak. IMMACULATE, adj. Spotless ; pure ; without a moral blemish. L. immacitlatus ,• from in, without, and macula, a spot. IMMASCULATE. v. To deprive of virility. L. in, not, and mas, a male. IMMATURE, adj. Unripe ; unfinished ; hasty. L. in, not, and ma- ture. IMMEDIATE, adj. Without any cause or event intervening ; proxi- mate ; instant. L. in, not, and medius, a middle. IMMEMORIAL, adj. Beyond human remembrance, or tradition. L. in, not, or without, and memorial. IMMENSE, adj. Unlimited ; huge. L. immenms; in, not, and mensus, (part, ofmetior,) measured. IMMERGE. v. To immerse. L. immergo ,• in, within, and margo, th^ brink. IMM— IMP IMMERSE, v. To dip ; to engage deeply. L. immersum, sup. of immergo. See IMMERGE. IMMIGRATE, v. To migrate into ; to enter as an emigrant. L. im- migro ; in, into, and migro, to shift the habitation. IMMINENT, adj. Impending ; threatening. L. imminent ,- in, upon, and minor, to threaten. IMMISCIBLE, adj. Not capable of being mingled. L. in, not, and miscibje. IMMOBILITY, s. Immovableness ; resistance to motion. F. immo- bility : L. in, without, and mobilitas, mobility, or activity ; moveo, to move. IMMOLATE, v. To sacrifice. L. immolo ; comp. of in, upon, and moles, a pile. IMMORAL, adj. Against the laws of natural religion ; dishonest. L, in, not, and moral. IMMORTAL, adj. Exempt from death ; everlasting. L. in, not, and mortal. IMMUNITY, s. Privilege; exemption. F. immunite : L. immunitas ; in, without, munns, a gift, charge, or duty. IMMURE, v. To imprison. L. in, within, and mums, a wall. IMMUTABLE, adj. Unchangeable 5 unalterable. L. in, not, and mutable. IMPALPABLE, adj. Imperceptible by touch. L. in, not, and pal- pable. IMPARTIAL, adj. Free from regard to party ; just. L. in, not, and partial.- IMPEACH, v. To accuse; to accuse by public authority. F. empechtr, to hinder ; because, the accused is supposed to be arrested, or ob- structed in his usual employments and rights. IMPEDE, v. To delay ; to obstruct. L. impedio ; from in, against, and pedes, (pi. of pes,) the feet. IMPEL, v. To drive on towards a point ; to urge forward. L. im~ pello ; in, upon, and pello, to drive. IMPEND, v. To hang over, as if threatening. L. impendeo ,• in, upon, and pendeo, to hang from. IMPENITENT, adj. Unrepenting ; obdurate. L. in, not, and peni- tent. IMPENNOUS. adj. Without wings. L. in, without, penna, a quill, or wing. IMPERATIVE, adj. Commanding ; absolutely required. L. impera- tiviis; impero, to command. IMPERIAL, adj. Relating to empire, or to an empire, in the same manner as regal, or royal, relates to a kingdom. L. imperialis ,• im- pero, to rule. IMPERIOUS, adj. Arrogant; powerful. L. imperiosus ; from impero, to rule or command. IMPERIUM IN 1MPERI0. One government within, or subject to, another ; exemplified in the relation which the several states of ■ America bear to the federal government. L. imperium, a govern- ment, in, within, imperio, a government. IMPERTINENT, adj. Of no relation to the matter in debate ; intru- sive. L. in, not, and pertinent. IMP— IMP IMPERVIOUS, adj. Impenetrable. L. impervius ; cemp. of in, with? out, and pervium, a passage: per, through, and via, a way. IMPETUOUS, adj. Violent; passionate. F. impetueux. See IM- PETUS. IMPETUS, s. Violent tendency to any point ; violent effort. L. im- petus, natural desire or instinct: impeto, to invade ; in, into, and peto, to desire. IMPINGE, v. To strike or fall against. L. impingo; from in, against, and pango, to strike. IMPIOUS, adj. Irreligious; wicked. L. impius ; in, not, and pius, religious, or just. IMPLACABLE, adj. Not to be appeased. L. implacabilis ,• in, not, and placeo, to please. IMPLEMENT, s. Something that supplies a want ; a utensil ; a tool. L. implementum ,- from impleo, to fill. IMPLETION. s. The act of filling, or state of being full. L. impleo, to fill. IMPLICATE, v. To entangle ; to involve. L. implico ; in, together, and plico, to knit, or fold. IMPLICIT, adj. Inferred ; not expressed ; resting upon another ; trusting without reserve or examination. L. implicitus ,- p. part, of implico ,• in, in, and plico, to fold. IMPLORE, v. To solicit in a suppliant manner. L. imploro ; in, to- wards, and ploro, to weep, or cry out. IMPLY, v. To include as a consequence or concomitant. L. implico ; in, into, and plico, to fold. IMPLUMOUS. adj. Without feathers. L. implumis ; in, without, and pluma, a feather. IMPORT', v. To bring from abroad ; to imply. L. importo ,- comp. of in, into, and porto, to carry. IM'PORT. s. Tendency; meaning: pi. merchandise imported. See the verb. IMPORTANT, adj. Momentous ; considerable. L. important, part. of importo ,• in, into, and porto, to carry ; meaning, to carry some- thing weighty or effective. IMPORTUNE, v. To tease ; to solicit unceasingly. L. importunitas, importunity, unreasonableness : in, towards, and porto, to carry ; meaning, to carry a solicitation frequently. IMPOSE, v. To lay upon as a burthen or penalty; to exact ; to cheat. F. imposer : L. impositum, sup. of impono ,- in, upon, and pono, to place. IMPOSSIBLE, adj. Impracticable. L. in, not, and possible. IMPOST, s. A tax. F. impost: L. impositus. See IMPOSE. IMPOTENT, adj. Powerless ; weak. L. impotens ; in, not, and po- tens, (part, of possum,) able. IMPOUND, v. To put into a pound, or place for receiving cattle that have strayed, or been stolen. L. in, into, and pono, to place. IMPRECATE, v. To pray for evil. L. imprecor ,- in, against, and precor, to pray. IMPREGNABLE, adj. Not to be entered, or subdued. F. imjprenubfe, (formerly impregnable;) L. in, not, and praegno, to fill. R2 IMP— INC IMPREGNATE, v. To saturate ; to make pregnant. L. in, into, and prasgno, to fill. IMPRESS, v. To imprint; to constrain. L. impressum, sup. of im- prime ; comp. of/?/, into, and prerno, to press. IMPRIMATUR. A term used to give permission to print, in countries where the press is not free, but subject to a censor. L. imprimatur, "let it be printed:" imprimo, to print. IMPRINT, v. To mark by pressure. See PRINT. IMPROMPTU. A witticism, produced without preparation. L. im- promptu, in readiness. IMPUDENT, adj. Immodest; intrusive. L. impudens ; in, without, and pudor, shame. IMPUGN, v. To attack ; to oppose. L. impugno; in, against, and pugno, to fight. IMPULSE, s. Communicated force ; motive. L. impulsus, p. part, of impello ,• in, against,, and pello, to drive. IMPUNITY, s. Freedom from punishment. F. impuniU : L. impu- nitas ; in, not, and punio, to punish. IMPUTE, v. To attribute. L. imputo; comp. of in, concerning, and puto, to suppose. INACCESSIBLE, adj. Not accessible ; not to be reached. L. in, not, and accessible. INACCURATE, adj. Not accurate ; incorrect. L. in, not, and accu- rate. INADVERTENCE, s. Carelessness ; inattention. L. in, not, and ad- vertens, part, of adverto, to turn to : ad, towards, and verto, to turn. INALIENABLE, adj. Not to be granted or given away to another. L. in, not, and alienable. See ALIENATE. INANIMATE, adj. Without fife ; dull. L. inanimatus ,• from in y without, and anima, breath, or soul. INANITY, s. Emptiness ; void space. L. inanitas ,- inanis, empty. INAUDIBLE, adj. Not possible to be heard. L. in, not, and audible. INAUGURATE v. To invest with a new office, by solemn rites. L. inauguro ; comp. of in, into, and augur, a soothsayer ; alluding to the ancient ceremony of consulting omens, as to the future success of the person invested. INCANTATION, s. Charms uttered by singing; pretended enchant- ment. F. incantation : L. incanto, to enchant ; in, into, and canto, to repeat often the same thing: cano, to sing. INCARCERATE, v. To imprison. L. incarcero ; from in, into, and career, a prison. INCARNATE, adj. Embodied with flesh. L. inmrnatus, p. part, of incarno, to embody with flesh: in, into, and carnem, accus. of caro, flesh. INCARNATION, s. The assumption of body. F. incarnation. See INCARNATE, INCENDIARY., s. One who burns any thing maliciously ; a conspi- rator. L. incendiurius ,• incendo, to set on fire. IN'CENSE. s. Perfume exhaled by fire, in honour of a deity; flattery. L. incensum ; incendo, to set on fire. INCENSE', v. To enrage ; to provoke. L. incensum, sup. of incendo, te set on fire. INC— B^C INCENTIVE, a. Provocation; incitement. L. incentivum ; from in* cendo. See INCENSE'. INCEPTIVE, adj. Noting- a beginning-. L. inceptivus ; from incipi*. See INCIPIENT. INCESSANT, adj. Unceasing. L. in, not, and cessans, part, of cesso, to cease. INCEST, s. Criminal connexion of persons within prohibited degrees of consanguinity. L. incestum ,- in, not, and castus, chaste, or pure. INCHOATE, adj. In an incipient state ; just begun ; imperfect. L. inchoatus, p. part, of inchoo ; comp. of in, not, and coguo, to boil. INCIDENT, adj. Casual ; fortuitous ; apt to happen. L. incident, part, of incido ,- in, into, and cado, to fall. INCINERATE, v. To burn to ashes. L. in, into, and cineres, ashes. INCIPIENT, adj. State of commencement ; proceeding after a begin- ning ; early; immature. L. incipiens, part of incipio ; in, into, and capio, to take. INCISION, s. Act of cutting into ; a cut. L. incisio ,• incisus, p. part, of incido , • in, into, and csedo, to cut. INCITE, v. To urge on. L. incito ,• in, to, and citum, sup. ofcieo, to move. INCLEMENT, adj. Unmerciful ; severe. L. in, not, and clemens, merciful. INCLINE, v. To bend, or lean ; to be favourable. L. inclino; in, to- wards, and clino, to bend. INCLUDE, v. To comprise. L. includo ,- in, in, and claudo, to shut. INCLUSIVE, adj. Comprised. F. inclusif: L. inclusus, p. part, of includo. See INCLUDE. INCOGNITA. Unknown ; applied to a single thing of the feminine gender, — as, terra incognita, the unknown country ; the fair incog- nita, or unknown female : or to several things of the neuter gender. L. incognitus ,• in, not, and cognosco, to know. INCOGNITO. A term, abbr. incog., which denotes a concealment of the proper person or rank, when travelling, or in any public place of amusement. See INCOGNITA. INCOHERENT, adj. Unconnected ; inconsistent. L. in, not, and co- herent. INCOMMODE, v. To inconvenience. L. incommodo ,■ in, not, and cojnmodo, to help. INCOMPATIBLE, adj. Inconsistent. L. in, not, and compatible. INCONTINENT, adj. Variable ; inconstant ; unchaste. L. in, not, and continent. INCORPORATE, v. To unite ; to form into a corporation. L. in, into, and corporate. INCORPOREAL, adj. Not corporeal ; spiritual. L. in, not, and cor- poreal. INCORRIGIBLE, adj. Bad beyond amendment. L. in, not, and cor- rigible. INCREMENT, s. Increase; produce. L. incrementum ,• from in- cresco, to increase. INCUBATION, s. Hatching-. L. incubatio ; incubo, to lie or sit on: in, upon, and cumbo, to lie down. INC— IND INCUBUS, s. The night-mare ; an inflation of the members of the stomach, which causes the sensation of a weight, oppressing the breast. L. from incumbo, to lie upon. INCULCATE, v. To impress on the mind, by frequent repetitions. L. inculco; in, into, and calco, to tread: calx, the heel. INCULPATE, v. To charge with a fault ; to criminate. L. in, upon, and culpa, a fault. INCUMBENT, adj. Lying on ; imposed as a duty. L. incumbens, part, of incumbo. See INCUMBER. INCUMBENT. 5. One who is in the enjoyment of an office. See the adjective. INCUMBER, v. To oppress ; to inconvenience. F. encombrer .• L. incumbo, to lean upon: in, upon, and cumbo, to lie down. INCUR, v. To become liable to 5 to cause. L. incurro ,• in, into, and curro, to run. INCURSION, s. Hasty and sudden invasion; inroad. L. incursio ; comp. of in, into, and cursum, sup. of curro, to run. INDECOROUS, adj. Indecent 5 unbecoming. L. in, not, and de- corous. INDEFATIGABLE, adj. Not to be wearied. L. indefatigabilis ,- in, not, and dzfatigo, to weaiy. INDEFEISIBLE. adj. Not to be annulled ; irrevocable. F. indefai- sible ; in, signifying, not, and defaire, to undo. INDEFINITE, adj. Unlimited ; undetermined. L. in, not, and de- finite. INDELIBLE, adj. Not to be blotted out or effaced ; never to be for- gotten. L. indelibilis ,- in, not, and deleo, to blot out. INDEMNIFY, v. To secure against loss. L. in, not, and an obsolete English word, damnify ,• damnum, hurt. INDENT, v. To mark or cut in the form of a row of teeth. L. in, after the manner of, and denies, (pi. of dens,) teeth. INDENTURE, s. A written document, of which there is at least one counterpart: from indent ,- because, the several writings, placed one upon another, were formerly indented, with a knife ; so that, when, at any future time, laid together again, a forgery could be detected, if there appeared any disagreement in the parts indented. INDEX, s. A discoverer ; a pointer ; table of contents. L. index ; indictus, p. part, of indico. See INDICATE. INDICATE, v. To show. L. indico ; in, concerning, and dico, to say. INDICATIVE, adj. Showing; simply affirming, as, "I love." L. indicativus. See INDICATE. INDICES, s. Algebraic quantities. L. indices, pi. of index. See INDEX. INDICTMENT, s. (Pronounced inditement.) A written accusation, preferred to, and presented on oath by, a grand jury. L. in, against, and dico, to say. INDIGENOUS, adj. Originally produced in a country ; not exotic. L. indigena, a native : G. endon, within, and gennao, to produce. INDIGENT, adj. Needy ; poor. L. indigtns, part, of indigeo, to be needy. IND— INF INDIGNATION, s. A sentiment of anger, awakened by the atrocious or unworthy conduct of another. L. indignaiio ; from indignor, t& think unworthy. INDISPENSABLE, adj. Not to be spared ; essentially necessaiy. L. ' in, not, and dispensable. See DISPENSE. INDfV;Ti* T \.L. adj. Separate from others of the same kind ; single. L. hid'v dints ■ ?•, not, and divido, to divide; meaning, one that cannot be subdivided. INDIVISIBLE, adj. Not possible to be divided. L. in, not, and divisible. • INDOLENT, adj. Careless ; lazy. L. in, not, and dohns, part, of do- leu, fo feel or iret. INDUBITABLE, adj. Unquestionable ; certain. L. indubitabilis ; comp. of in, not, and dubium, a doubt. INDUCE, v. To persuade; to influence; to cause. L. induco ; i?i, towards, and duco, to lead. INDUCTION, s. A term in logic, expressing a mode of argument more tedious than a syllogism ; by which, from several particular propositions, we infer one general proposition. It is used also to denote the giving corporal possession of a church, to a new minister. L. induct io ; from in, into, and ductus, p. part, of duco, to lead. INDUE, v. To invest ; to furnish. L. indup, to put on, or cover over. INDULGE, v. To be favourable to ; to encourage by compliance ; to gratify with concession ; to fondle. L. indulgeo ,• cornp. of in, to- wards, and dulcis, sweet. INDURATE, v. To harden. L. induro ,• from in, into, and durus, hard. INEBRIATE, v. To intoxicate; to make drunk. L. inetnio ; 17%, into, and ebrius, drunken. INEBRIATION, s. Intoxication. L. in, in, and ebrietas, drunkenness. INEFFABLE, adj. Unspeakable; unutterable. F. ineffable: L. in- effubilis ,• in, not, ad, with regard to, and for, to speak. INERT, adj. Inactive; sluggish; motionless. L. iners; in, without, and ars, power, or art. INESTIMABLE, adj. Invaluable. L. inestimabilis ,- in, not, an£ sestimo, to value. INEVITABLE, adj. Unavoidable ; certain. L. inevitabilis ,• in, not^ and evtto, to shun. INEXORABLE, adj. Not to be entreated ; inflexible. L. inexorabilis: in, not, ex, from, and orari, (infin. of oror,) to be entreated. INEXPLICABLE, adj. Incapable of being explained. L. inexplica- bills ,• in, not, and explico, to unfold. IN EXTENSO. At large ; without any curtailment or abridg- ment. L. INFALLIBLE, adj. Free from the possibility of error ; certain. L. in, not, and fallible. INFAMOUS, adj. Publicly branded with guilt. L. infamis ,• in, with- out, andfama, reputation. INFANT, s. A young child ; in law, a minor. L. infans, without speech: in, not, and for, to speak. INFANT, adj. In a state of commencement. See the noun* INF— INF INFANTICIDE, s. The murder of a child. L. infaniicidium ; comp. of infans, a child, and csedo, to kill. INFANTRY, s. Foot soldiers. F. infanierie ; enfant, an infant; mean- ing-, that those soldiers are small, in comparison with cavalry. INFATUATE, v. To strike with folly ; to deprive of understanding 1 . L. mfatuo ,- in, into, and fatuus, sihy. INFECT, v. To taint ; to pollute. L. infedum, sup. of inficio, to stain: in, into, and facto, to make. INFER, v. To deduce. L. infero ,- from in, into, and fero, to bring 1 . INFERIOR, adj. Lower in place 5 subordinate. L. inferior, lower: positive, infra, beneath ; comp. inferior, lower ; sup. infimus, lowest. INFERNAL, adj. Relating to hell ; atrocious. L. infernus ; infra, below. INFEST, v. To disturb ; to vex ; to harass. L. infesto ; in, not, and festus, joyous or happy. INFIDEL, s. An unbehever in regard to religious tenets. L. infidelis; in, without, fides, faith, or belief. INFINITE, adj. Unlimited 5 very large. L. inJinUus ; in, not, and finis, an end. INFIRM, adj. Tottering ; weak. L. in, not, and firm. INFLAME, v. To kindle ; to provoke. L. infiammo ; in, into, and fiamma, a flame. INFLATE, v. To swell with wind ; to fill with the breath ; to make turgid. L. infiatum, sup. of infio ; from in, into, and fio, to blow. INFLECTION, or INFLEXION, s. The act of bending ; variation of a noun or verb. L. infiedio, or infiexio ,- from infiecto ; in, in, or towards, axidfiedo, to bend. INFLEXIBLE, adj. Not possible to be bent, or prevailed on. L. m- fiexibilis ,■ in, not, and fiedo, to bend. INFLICT, v. To impose as a punishment. L. infiicium, sup. of in- fiigo ,- in, upon, and^igo, to beat. INFLUENCE, s. Power of effecting. L. infiuens, part, of infiuo ; comp. of in, into, or against, andfiuo, to flow, or proceed. INFLUX, s. Act of flowing into. L. infiuxus, part, of infiuo ; in, into, andfiuo, to flow. INFOL1ATE. v. To cover with a resemblance of leaves. L. in, upon, folium, a leaf. INFORM, v. To communicate what has lately happened ; to instruct. L. informo; in, into, and/orrao, to frame: forma, a shape. IN FORMA PAUPERIS. In the form of a poor man ; a law phrase, to denote a certain exemption, granted, in the English courts, to those who cannot afford the expense of a lawsuit. L. in, in, forma, the form, pauperis, (gen. of pauper,) of a poor man. IN FORO CONSCIENTLE. "In a court of conscience ;" with a clear conscience. L. INFRACTION, s. Breach. L. infradio ,- in, into, and fradus, p. part. of frango, to break. INFRANGIBLE, adj. Not possible to be broken. L. in, not, and frangible. INFRINGE, v. To violate. L. infringo ; from in, into, and frangaj t« break. ©JF— INN INFURIATE, v. To enrage. L. in, into, and furia, a fury or fiencL INFUSE. v. To pour into; to extract without bo ; l : ng\ F. inficser ; L. infusurriy sup. of infundo ; from in, m:o, aiiu ■ : ndo, to pour. INGENIOUS, adj. Having- genius ; inventive. L. . ngeniosus ,- ingt- nium, capacity; wit: in, in, and gigno, or geno, to beget. G.gennao. INGENUOUS, adj. Candid ; generous. L. ingenuus, free-born ; of good extraction ; honest. See INGENIOUS. INGRATIATE, v. To recommend to kindness. L. in, into, and gratia, affection, or favour. INGRESS, s. Entrance. L. ingressus ,- in, into, and gressus, part, of gradior, to step. INGUINAL, adj. Relating to the groin. L. inguinis, gen. of inguen, the groin. INHABIT, v. To dwell in permanently. L. in, in, and habito, to dwell: habeo, to have, held, or occupy. INHALE, t'. To draw in [to the lungs.] L. inhalo ,• convp. of in, into, and halo, to breathe. INHERENT, adj. Naturally conjoined ; innate. L. inheerens, part, of inhsereo ; in, in, and hsereo, to stick. INHERIT, v. To receive or possess by inheritance. F. inheriter. See HEIR. INHIBIT, v. To restrain ; to prohibit. L. inhibeo ,- in, against, and habeo, to have or hold ; meaning, some obstruction. INHUMATE. v. To bury. L. inhumo ; from in, into, and humus, the ground. EVIMICAL. adj. Hostile. L. inimicus; in, not, and amicus, a friend. INIQUITY, s. High degree of injustice ; crime. F. iniquite : L. in- iquitas ; iniquus, unequal: in, not, and sequus, equal. INITIAL, adj. At the beginning. L. initialis ,- initium, a beginning ; in, into, and itio, a going: Hum, sup. of eo, to go. INITIATE, v. To enter ; to introduce. L. initio. See INITIAL. INJECT, v. To throw in. L. injectum, sup. of injicio ,• in, into, and jaa'o, to throw. INJUDICIOUS.^'. Unwisely judged, or designed. L. in, not, and judicious. INJUNCTION, s. Act of enjoining; command or rule, associated with some business or duty. L. injunctio ; injunclus, p. part, of injungo; in, with, and jungo, to join. INJURE, v. To hurt unjustly ; to damage. L. injuria ; in, against,, and juris, gen. of jus, right. IN LIMINE. At the threshold ; inceptively ; at the commence- ment. L. in, in, limine, abl. of limen, the threshold of a door. INNATE, adj. Born with ; inherent. L. innatus, part, of innascor ; in, and nascor, to be born. INNOCENT, adj. Guiltless; innocuous. L. innocens ; from in, not, and nocens, part, of noceo, to hurt. INNOCUOUS, adj. Harmless in effect. L. innocuus ; in, not, and noceo, to hurt. INNOVATE, v. To introduce something new or uncommon, (which is thought inconvenient or dangerous.) L. innovo j from in, into,- and novus, new. INN— INS INNOXIOUS, adj. Free from mischievous effects, or from crimes. L. innoxius ,- in, not, and noceo, to hurt. INNUENDO, s. Oblique hint. L. innuendo, by nodding ; abl. gerund of »nuo ; in, towards, and nuo, to nod. INNUMERABLE, adj. Not possible to be counted; extremely nu- merous. L. innumerabilis ; comp. of in, not, and numero, to reckon. INOCULATE, v. To insert a bud or cutting of one plant in another ; to insert the virus of tbe small pox, or to vaccinate. L. inoculo,- in, into, arid oculus, an eye ; meaning the eye of the bud. INODOROUS, adj. Without smell ; not affecting the nose. L. inodo- rozus ; in, without, and odos, smell. INORDINATE, adj. Irregular ; disorderly. L. inordinatus ,- in, with- out, and ordo, a rule. IN PROPRIA PERSONA. In his (or her) own person; in personal attendance. L. INQUEST, s. Inquiry authorized by law. F. enqueste : L. in, into, and qusesltus, p. part, of qii3E,ro, to seek or inquire. INQUIRE, v. To ask a question ; to search. L. inquiro ,• in, into, and qua&ro, to seek. INQUISITION, s. Inquest ; prison, established under papal authority, for the examination and punishment of heretics. L. inquisitio. See INQUEST. INSANE, adj. Of unsound mind. L. insanus ; comp. of in, not, and sanus, healthy. INSATIABLE, adj. Greedy, so as not to be satisfied. L. insatiabiUs ,• in, not, and satio, to sat.sfy. INSATIATE, adj. Insatiable. L. insatiatus. See INSATIABLE. INSCRIBE, v. To write in, or upon, or to dedicate. L. inscribo; from in, in, on, or to, and scribo, to write. INSCRIPTION, s. Something inscribed. L. inscriptio ; inscriptus, p. part, of inscribo. See INSCRIBE. INSCRUTABLE, adj. Unsearchable ; undiscoverable. L. inscruta- bilis ; in, not, and scruto, to explore. INSECT, s. A small animal, having a separation in the middle of its bod\, joined by a ligature ; as in a common fly. L. insedus, cut or notched: in, into, and seco, to cut. INSERT, v. To place in, or into, or amongst. L. insertum, sup. of insero ,• in, in, and sero, to plant. INSIDIOUS, adj. Sly ; treacherous. L. insidiosus .• from insideo ; comp. of in, in or upon, and sedeo, to sit. INSIGNIFICANT, adj. Without a meaning ; unimportant; contempt- ible. L. in, not, and significant. INSINUATE, v. To introduce gently ; to hint. L. insinuo ; from in, into, and sinus, the bosom. INSIPID, adj. Not affecting the palate ; uninteresting. L. insipidus ; in, without, and sapor, savour. INSIST, v. Not to recede from terms or assertions ; to persist in. L. insisto ; in, in, and ststo, to continue. INSOLENT, adj. Contemptuous; haughty. L. insolens ,■ in, not, and solens, part, ot'soleo, to be accustomed: (the derivation of this word cannot easily be explained.) INS— INT INSOLUBLE, adj. Not soluble ; not possible to be made fluid. L. in, not, and soluble. INSOLVABLE. adj. Not solvable ; inextricable. L. in, not, and solvable. INSOLVENT, adj. Unable to pay. L. in, not, and solvent. INSPECT, v. To examine. L. inspector in, into, and specto, to eye carefully: speclum, sup. of specio, to see. INSPERSION. s. A sprinkling- upon. L. inspersio,- inspersus, p. part, of inspergo ,- in, upon, and spargo, to strew, or sprinkle. INSPIRE, v. To breathe into ; to animate. L. inspiro ; in, into, and spiro, to breathe. INSPISSATE, v. To thicken. L. in, into, and spissus, clammy. INSTALL, v. To perform a particular ceremony of admitting" to an office or dignity. F. installer ,• en, into, and stalle, a seat for digni- fied clergymen: stalle, is from a Saxon word, denoting an enclosed place or bench. INSTANT, s. A point of time ; adj. noting the present month. F. instant : L. instans, part, of insto ,- in, in, and sto, to stand. 1NSTANTER. s. Instantly. L. See INSTANT. IN STATU QUO. In the former state ; without any change. L. in, in, statu, abl. of status, the state, quo, abl. of qui, in which [it was.] INSTIGATE, v. To urge or incite [to a crime.] L. instigo ; in, into, and stlgo, to goad. INSTIL, v. To infuse by drops 4 to insinuate imperceptibly. L. in- stillo ,• in, into, and stillo, to drop, or trickle down. INSTINCT, s. The desire or aversion which causes action without the use of reason. L. instinctus ,• from instinguo, to move. INSTITUTE, v. To establish, appoint, or enact. L. instituo; from in, in, and statuo, to erect. INSTRUCT, v. To teach ; to direct ; to inform. L. instructum, sup. of instruo ,- in, in, and struo, to pile up, or build. INSTRUMENT, s. A tool ; a machine ^ a written document. L. in- strumentum ,- from instruo. See INSTRUCT. INSULAR, adj. Relating to an island. L. insularis ,- insula, an island. INSULATE, v. To make like an island 5 to remove all connexion. See INSULAR. INSULT, v. To treat with insolence or contempt 5 scornfully to tri- umph over. L. insulto ,• in, against, and saltus, p. part, of salio, to leap or dance. INSUPERABLE, adj. Not to be overcome ; insurmountable. L. in- superabilis : in, not, and supero, to climb over: super, above, and eo, to go. INTEGER, s. A whole 5 a whole number. L. integer, entire. INTEGRAL, adj. Whole ; complete. F. integral. See INTEGER. INTEGRITY, s. State of being- undivided ; honesty. L. integritas. See INTEGER. INTELLECT, s. The understanding. L. intelkctus; intelligo, to un- derstand: inius, within, and lego, to gather. INTELLIGIBLE, adj. Possible to be understood. L. intelliglbilis ; intelligo, to understand. INTEND, v. To purpose ; to design. JU intendo ; comp. of in, to- wards, and tendo, to stretch. L INT— INT INTENDANT. 5. In France, means a superintending officer. F. in- tendant. See INTEND. INTENSE, adj. Denoting- an extreme degree. L. intensus, p. part. of intendo ; in, into, and tendo, to stretch. INTENT, adj. Anxiously attentive, or diligent. L. intentus, p. part. of intendo. See INTENSE. INTENTION, s. Purpose, or design. L. intentio. See INTEND. INTER, v. To bury. F. enterrer : L. in, into, and terra, the earth. INTERCALAR, or INTERCALARY, adj. Additional, to preserve the equation of time ; as, the 29th of February, in a leap year. L. in- tercalarius ; from intercalo, to insert. INTERCEDE, v. To mediate. L. intercede, to come between. INTERCEPT, v. To stop on the way. L. interceptum, sup. of inter- cipio i inter, between, and capio, to take. INTERCESSION, s. Mediation. L. iniercessio ; intercessum, sup. of inter cedo. See INTERCEDE. INTERCIPIENT. adj. Intercepting. L. intercipiens, part, of intercipio. See INTERCEPT. INTERCOSTAL, adj. Between the ribs. F.- intercostal: L. inter, between, and cost a, a rib. INTERCOURSE, s. Communication; commerce. F. entrecours: L. inter, between, and curro, to run. INTERDICT, v. To restrain pendente lite; to prohibit; to forbid. L. interdictum, sup. of interdico ; inter, between, and dico, to say, or object. INTEREST, s. Concern ; regard to private profit ; advantage ; parti- cipation ; money paid for the use of money : from intersum, to be present: comp. of inter, between, or amongst, and sum, I am. INTERFERE, v. To interpose. L. inter, between, and/m>, to bring, INTERIM, s. Intervening time. L. interim, in the meantime: from inter, between. INTERIOR, adj. Internal ; inner. L. comparative of intra, within : pos. intra,- comp. interior; sup. intimus. INTERJACENT, adj. Lying between. L. inter jacens, part, of inter- jaceo ; inter, between, and jaceo, to he. INTERJECTION, s. Interposition ; a word used, without premedita- tion, to denote some passion or emotion of the mind. L. interject io ; interjectus, p. part of. inter jicio ; comp. of inter, between, and jacio, to throw. INTERLAPSE. v. To intervene (in regard to time.) L. inter, be- tween, and lapse. INTERLINE, v. To write between lines. L. inter, between, and line. INTERLOCUTORY, adj. Consisting of dialogue ; preparatory to a final decision. F. interlocutoire : L. inter, between, and locuius, part, of loquor, to speak. FNTERLUDE. s. An intervening entertainment. L. inter, between, and ludus, an entertainment. INTERMEDIATE, adj. Intervening; interposed. F. intermedial '.• L. inter, between, and medius, the middle. INTERMINABLE, adj. Never ending ; immense. L. in, not, and terminable. INT— INT INTERMISSION, s. Act of intermitting ; pause. L. intermissio ; in- termissus, p. part, of intermitto. See INTERMIT. INTERMIT, v. To stop, but not finally. L. intermitto,- comp. of inter, between, and mitto, to send. INTERNAL, adj. Interior. L. internus; intra, within. INTERNATIONAL, adj. Relating- to the reciprocal intercourse or commerce of one nation with another. L. inter, between, and na- tional. INTERPOLATE, v. To insert, with an evil design. L. interpoh ; inter, between, and polio, to make smooth ; meaning, to remove, by forgery, something which opposes our own designs. INTERPOSE, v. To place between 5 to interfere ; to mediate. L. interpositum, sup. of interpono ; inter, between, and pono, to place. INTERPRET, v. To explain ; to translate. L. interpretor ; inierpres, an interpreter: inter, between. INTERREGNUM, s. The term during which a throne is vacant. h> interregnum; comp. of inter, between, and regnum, a reign. INTERROGATE, v. To question ; to put questions in writing, be- tween the commencement and conclusion of a suit in chancery. L. interrogo ,• inter, between, and rogo, to ask. IN TEB.ROREM. As a threat, or warning. L. in, for the purpose of, and terrorem, accus. of terror, fear. INTERRUPT, v. To hinder, by interposition ; to separate. L. inter- ruptum, sup. of interrumpo ; inter, between, and rumpo, to break. INTERSECT, v. To cut, or pass between. L. intersectum, sup. of inierseco ,- comp. of inter, between, and seco, to cut. INTERSPERSE, v. To scatter amongst. L. inter, amongst, and spar- sum, sup. of spargo, to sprinkle. INTERSTICE, s. Intervening space, between matter. T. interstice .* L. interstitium ; from inter, between, and status, part, of sto, to stand. INTERVAL, s. Intervening space, as regards either matter or time. L. intervallum ,- inter, between, and vallum, a fence. INTERVENE, v. To interpose ; to elapse. L. intervenio ; from inter, between, and venio, to come. INTERVENTION, s. Interposition ; lapse of time. L. interventio ; inter, between, and ventum, sup. of venio, to come. INTESTATE, adj. Without having made a will. L. intestatus / in, without, and testatus, part, of tesior, to witness. INTESTINE, adj. Internal. L. intestinus ; intus, within. INTIMATE, adj. Familiar ; near. L. intimus, innermost. See IN- TERIOR. INTIMATE, v. To hint ; to mention indirectly. Low L. intimo ,- in* timus, very deep, or secret. INTIMIDATE, v. To make fearful. L. in, into, and timidus, fearful: timor, fear. INTIRE. adj. See ENTIRE. INTOLERABLE, adj. Insufferable. L. in, not, and tolerable. INTONATION, s. Act of thundering; an inward tone, peculiar to the speech of some nations. L. intono, to thunder. IN TOTO. Entirely ; wholly. L. in, in, and toto, abl. of totus, whole, or wholly. INT— INV INTOXICATE, v. A word which originally signified to imbue with poison ; but now, to deprive of one's reasoning faculties, by success or joy ; also, to make drunk. L. in, into, and toxicum, poison. INTRANSITIVE, adj. A verb intransitive signifies an action, but con- veys no effect to any object ; as, "I walk." L. in, not, and tram sitive. IN TRANSITU. On the passage ; whilst passing from one place to another. L. in, in, and transitu, abl. of iransitus, a passage. INTREPID, adj. Fearless ; daring. L. intrepidus ,- from in, not, and trepidus, trembling, fearful. INTRICATE, adj. Perplexed; obscure. L. intricatus ; in, in, and tricatus, part, of tricar, to baffle. INTRINSIC, adj. Inherent ; independent of external relation. L. in- trinsecus ,- intra, within, and se, itself. INTRODUCE, v. To conduct or usher into a place, or to a person ; to bring into notice or practice. L. introduce ; intro, within, and duco, to lead. INTRUDE, v. To enter without permission or invitation; to inter- pose with rudeness. L. intrudo ,- comp. of in, into, and trudo, to thrust. INTRUSION, s. The act of intruding. L. intrusio; intrusum, sup. of intrudo. See INTRUDE. INTUITIVE, adj. Seen by the mind, without the agency of testimony or argument. Low L. intuitivus ,- intus, within. INUNDATE, v. To overflow. L. inundo,- in, into, and unda, a wave. INURE, v. To accustom ; to harden. L,.inuro,- to brand, or print into: from in, into, and uro, to burn. INVADE, v. To enter hostilely ; to encroach upon. L. invado ; m t into, and vado, to march. INVALID, adj. Weak ; of no force. L. invalidus ; in, not, and valeo, to be strong. INVALID', s. One disabled by sickness or a wound. See the ad- jective. INVALIDATE, v. To weaken, with regard to evidence ; to annul. See INVALTD. INVASION, s. The act of invading. L. invasio,- invasum, sup. of in- vado. See INVADE. INVECTIVE, s. Censure; reproach. F. invective: L. invectio ; in- vectus, p. part, of inveho. See INVEIGH. INVEIGH, v. To utter an invective. L. inveho ,- from in, against, and veho, to carry. INVENT, v. To produce something new and ingenious ; to fabricate. L. inventum, sup. of invenio, to find: in, upon, and venio, to come. INVENTORY, s. A catalogue of moveable property, made by a judi- cial officer, in pursuance of legal process ; a list ; an account. F. inventoire: L. inveniarium ; inventum, sup. of invenio, to find: in, to, and venio, to come. INVERSE, adj. Inverted. L. inversus, p. part, of inverto. See IN- VERT. INVERT, v. To reverse ; to place upside-down, L. inverto ; comp, of in, opposite to, and verto, to turn. INV— IRR INVEST, v. To dress ; to install ; to adorn ; to enclose, or surround. L. investio ; in, into, and vestis, a garment. INVESTIGATE, v. To examine. L. investigo ; in, into, and vestigo, to trace. INVETERATE, adj. Obstinate from long continuance. L. invetera- tus ,- p. part, of invetero ; in, in, and veteris, gen.ofvetus, old. INVIDIOUS, adj. Envious ; malignant ; producing envy or malig- nancy. L. invidiosus ; invidia, envy: in, into, and video, to see or look. INVIGORATE, v. To strengthen, or enliven. L. in, into, and vigour. INVINCIBLE, adj. Unconquerable ; insuperable. F. invincible : L. in, not, and vinco, to conquer. INVIOLATE, or INVIOLATED. adj. Uninjured ; unbroken. L. in- violatus ; from in, not, and violatus, (p. part, ofviolo,) hurt. INVISIBLE, adj. Imperceptible by the sight. L. in, not, and visible. INVITE, v. To allure ; to ask ; to intreat. L. invito ,• in, to, and via, a way. INVOCATION, s. Supplication ; invitation. L. invocatio. See IN- VOKE. INVOKE, v. To supplicate ; to invite. L. invoco ,• comp. of in, to, and voco, to call. INVOLUNTARY, adj. Not desired; not intended. L. in, not, and voluntary. INVOLUTION, s. Inwrapment ; entanglement. L. involutio ; invo- lutus, p. part, of involvo. See INVOLVE. INVOLVE, v. To imvrap 5 to comprise ; to entangle. L. involvo ; in, in, and volvo, to roll. IOTA. s. A jot ; a tittle ; the least quantity imaginable. Iota, (1) the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet. IPSE DIXIT. The ipse dixit of any person, denotes his mere, un- supported assertion. L. ipse, he, dixit, said: dico, to say. IPSO FACTO. By the act itself; by the mere doing of a thing. L. IRASCIBLE, adj. Easily enraged. L. irascibilis. See IRE. IRE. s. Wrath ; anger. L. ira ; from the G. eir, a tempest. IRIS. s. The rainbow ; resemblance of a rainbow ; the circle around the pupil of the eye ; the fleur-de-luce. L. iris, the rainbow. G, iris ; eiro, to announce. IRONICAL, adj. Expressing irony. See IRONY. IRONY, s. A mode of speech, in which the meaning is contrary to the words. L. ironia : G. eironeia : eiron, a dissembler. IRRADIATE, v. To illumine ; to brighten. L. irradio : in, into, and radius, a ray of light. IRREFRAGABLE, adj. Not possible to be confuted. L. irrefraga- bills ,• in, not, and refractus, p. part, of refringo, to break open: re, again, zndfrango, to break. IRREFUTABLE^ adj. Not to be overthrown by argument. L. in, not, and refutable. See REFUTE. IRRELATIVE, adj. Without relation ; unconnected. L. in, not, and relative. IRRELEVANT, adj. Unassisting ; not aptly adduced. L. in, not, and relevant. L2 IRR— JOK IRREMEABLE, adj. Admitting no return ; not to be repassed, L» irremeabilis .• from in, not, and remeo, to return: re, back, and eo, to go. IRRESISTIBLE, adj. Superior to opposition. L. in, not, and re- sistible. IRRIGATE, v. To overflow with water, as a means of fertilizing. L. irrigo, to water. IRRIGUOUS. adj. Moist. See IRRIGATE. IRRITATE, v. To provoke. L. irriio. See IRE. IRRUPTION, s. Violent invasion ; inroad. L. irruptio : irruptus, p, part, of irrumpo : from in, into, and rumpo, to break. ISOLATED, adj. Detached. F. isole : L. solus, alone. ISOSCELES, adj. Relating to an angle which has only two sides equal. L. isosceles : G. isos, equal, and skelos, a leg. ISTHMUS, s. A neck of land which joins a peninsula to a continent. L. isthmus : G. isthmos : istemi, to append. ITEM. adv. Also ; s. an individual thing. L. item, also. ITERATE, v. To repeat. L. Hero .- ito, to go often. ITINERANT, adj. Wandering. F. itinerant: L. itineris, gen. of iter, a journey: from Hum, sup. of eo, to go. ITINERARY, adj. Relating to a journey. L. itinerarius. See ITINERANT. J. JACOBIN, s. A member of a noted faction in Paris, to whose designs the execution of Louis XVI. is attributed ; so called, from their meeting at a monastery which had belonged to Jacobine friars. JACOBITE, s. A partisan of James II. of England, after his dethrone- ment ; and also of his descendants. L. Jacobus, James. JANITOR, s. A porter ; a gate-keeper. L. from jan ua, a gate. JANUARY, s. The first month. L. Januarius : from Janus, a heathen, god ; to whom, it was consecrated by the Romans. JAUNDICE, s. A distemper which changes the skin and eyes to a yellow colour. F. jaunisse : jaun, yellow. JEJUNE, adj.. Deficient in matter ; unaffecting. L. jejunus, bare, hungry. JELLY, s. A glutinous substance. F. gelee : geler, to freeze. L. gelu, frost. JET. s. A small rapid issue of any fluid. F. jet : from jetter, to throw. JET L'EAU. s. An artificial water-spout. F.jet, a spout, de, of, eau, water. JE If iy ESPRIT, s. A witticism. F.jeu, play, de, of, esprit, humour, JOCOSE, adj. Facetious ; merry. ~L.jocosus: jocus, a jest. JOCULAR, adj. Facetious. L,. j ocularis : jocus, a jest. JOCUND, s. Merry ; gay. L. jocundus : jocus, a jest. JOINT, adj. Shared amongst two or more ; united in the same posses- sion ; combined. F. joint: L. junctus, p. part, of jungo, to join- JOINTURE, s. Strictly, signifies a joint estate, limited to both hus- band and wife ;. it also denotes a sole estate,, limited to the wife only. See JOINT. JOKE. s. A jest. L. jocus, a jest JOL— KAL JOLLY, adj. Cheerful ; agreeable. Y.joli: L. jovialis. See JOVIAL. JOT. s. An iota ; the least quantity imaginable. Iota, (<) the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet. JOURNAL, s. A diary ; a compendium from a merchant's day-book. F. journal : jour, a day. JOURNEY, s. Passage by land. F. journie, a day's work, or day's travel : jour, a day. JOVIAL, adj. Merry. L. jovialis : from Jovis, gen. of Jupiter. See the heathen mythology. JUDGE, s. One authorized to determine any cause or question, ac- cording to right, and the law, 8cc. L. judex : jus, right, and dico, to say. JUDICATURE, s. Power of distributing justice ; court of justice. F. judicature. See JUDICIAL. JUDICIAL, adj. Relating or belonging to courts of law. L,.judicialis: judex, a judge. JUDICIARY, adj. Relating or belonging to judicature. L. judiciarius. See JUDICIAL. JUDICIOUS, adj. Wisely judged ; prudent. F.judicieux: L. judicis, gen. of judex, a judge. JUGULAR, adj. Belonging to the throat. L.jugulum, the throat. JUNCTION, s. Act of joining ; point of contact ; union. L,.jwictio: junctus, p. part, ofjungo, to join. JUNCTURE, s. The critical point of time in which two events seem to meet. L. junclura : juncturus, future part, of jungo, to join. JUNE. s. The sixth month. L. Junius : from Juno, the imaginary wife of the heathen deity, Jupiter. JUNIOR, adj. The younger. L. junior, younger; compar. of juvenis, young. JURE D I VINO. By divine law. L. abl. of jus, and divinus. JURE HUMANO. By human law. L. abl. of jus, and humanus. JURIDICAL, adj. Acting, or used, in the distribution of justice. L, juridicalis : juridicus, a judge: juris, gen. of jus, right. JURISDICTION, s. Legal authority; limited extent of power. L, jurisdictio: from juris, gen. of jus, law, and dictio, a declaration. JURY. s. An assembly of persons sworn to discover and declare the truth. L. jura, to swear. JUSTICE, s. Strict legal right ; equity ; punishment, (opposed to mercy ;) a judge. F. justice: L,. jus, right. JUSTIFY, v. To clear from imputed guilt ; to defend. F. justifier : L. Justus, right, a.ndfacio, to make. JUVENILE, adj. Youthful ; relating or belonging to youth. L. juve- nilis : juvenis, young. JUXTAPOSITION, s. Proximity. L. juxta, near to, and position. K. KALEIDOSCOPE, s. An optical instrument, invented by Brewster of Edinburgh, which gives to substances placed within it, an almost unlimited variety of beautiful appearances. G. kalos, beautiful, idea, form, and skopeo, to view. LAB— LAR L. LABIAL, adj. Uttered by the lips ; relating or belonging to the lips= L. labiulis : from labium, a lip. LABORATORY, s. A chemist's work-room. F. laboratoire .- L. laboro, to labour. LABORIOUS, adj. Fatiguing; diligent. L. laboriosus : from labor, labour. LABOUR, s. Painful exertion of strength ; work ; travail. F. labeur : L. labor, labour. LACERATE, v. To tear. L. lacero, to tear. LACHRYMAL, adj. Generating tears. L. lachryma, a tear. LACHRYMATORY, s. A vessel in which tears were gathered, in ho- nour of the dead. L. lachryma, a tear. LACONIC, adj. In few words ; brief. L. laconicus .• from Laconia, the country of the Spartans ; who delivered their sentiments in few words. LACTARY. adj. Milky ; having milk. L. lactarius .• lac, milk. LACTATES, s. Salts formed from the lactic acid. L. lac, milk. LACTEAL, adj. Milky ; conveying chyle of the colour of milk. s. L. lac, milk. LACTEOUS. adj. Milky. L. lacteus .' lac, milk. LACTESCENT, adj. Producing milk, or a white juice resembling milk. L. lactescens, part, of lactesco : lac, milk. LACTOMETER, s. An instrument which shows the quantity of milk contained in any fluid. L. lac, milk, and G. metreo, to measure. LAITY, s. The people, as distinguished from the clergy. See LAY. LAMBENT, adj. Gliding over gently. L. lambens, part, of lambo, to lick. LAMBDOIDAL. adj. Having the form of the Greek letter A, lambda. LAMINJE. s. Thin plates or layers. L. laminae, plural of lamina, a thin plate of metal. LANGUAGE, s. Human speech ; national tongue ; expression. F. langage : L, lingua, a tongue. LANGUID, adj. Faint; feeble. L. languidus: from langueo, to lan- guish. LANTGEROUS. adj. Bearing wool. L. luniger ; from lana, wool, and gero, to bear. LANUGINOUS. adj. Downy; covered with soft hair. L. lanuginosus: from lanugo, down. LAPIDARY, s. One who deals in gems, or finishes them. F. lapi- daire : L. lapis, a stone. LAPIDEOUS. adj. Stony; of the nature of stone. L. lapideus : lapi- dis, gen. of lapis, a stone. LAPIDESCENT. adj. Growing or turning to stone. L. lapidescens, part, of lapidesco : lapis, a stone. LAPSE, s. Flow ; period passed ; small error. L. lapsus, part, of labor, to glide, or slip. LARCENY, s. Theft, committed without violence. F. laran: L. la- LAR— LEG troeinium : latro, a hired soldier, (anciently held in disrepute,) a robber. LARGESS. 5. A present ; a gift ; a bounty. F. largesse .• L. largio, to give liberally, to bestow. LARYNX, s. The windpipe or trachea. G. lartvix, the throat. LASCIVIOUS, adj. Lewd. L. lascivus: laxus, loose. See LAX. LASSITUDE, s. Weariness. L. lassitudo: from laxus, loose, uff- strung. LATENT, adj. Concealed. L. late? is, part, of lateo, to lurk. LATERAL, adj. Relating to the side ; or to a motion from side to side. L. lateralis : from latus, a side. LATINISM. s. A mode of speech peculiar to the Latin language. LATITAT, s. A writ, issuing from the Ring's Bench, in England ; which supposes the defendant to be concealed. L. latitat, (from latito,) he lurks. LATITUDE, s. Breadth; extensive range; distance from the equator, L. latitudo: from latus, broad: lotus, (p. part, of fero,) borne, or earned ; that is, extended. LATITUDINARIAN. s. One who thinks or acts without restraining himself. L. latitudo. See LATITUDE. LAUD. v. To praise highly; to extol. L. laudo, to praise. LAUDABLE, adj. Praiseworthy. L. laudabilis ; from laudo, to praise. LAUNDRY, s. A house, or room, in which clothes are washed. F. lavanderie • L. lavo, to wash. LAUREAT, or LAUREATE, adj. Decked with a laurel, or supposed to be so honoured. L. laureatus : laurea, a laurel-tree, or garland of laurels. LAVATORY, s. A medicinal wash. See LAVE. LAVE. v. To wash ; to bathe. L. lavo, to wash. LAVISH, adj. Prodigal. L. lavo, to throw or shake off. LAX. adj. Loose ; slack ; vague, s. A looseness, or diarrhoea. L. laxus, loose. LAXITY, s. Looseness ; slackness ; want of precision. L. laxitas* See LAX. LAY. adj. Regarding the laity. G. laos, the people. LAYMAN, s. One who is not a clergyman. See LAY. LEAGUE, s. A confederacy; a combination, either of interest or friendship. F. ligue : L. ligo, to bind. LEASE, s. A contract, by which a temporary possession is granted, of houses, lands, 8cc. F. laisser : L. laxo, to unloose, or set at liberty. LEAVEN, s. That which raises bread, and is usually called yeast or barm ; something which makes a general change in the mass ; in general, denoting corruption. F. levain .- L. levo, to raise. LECTURE, s. An instructive discourse. F. lecture.- L. lego, (legere,) to select, or to read. A lecture, as distinguished from a sermon, seems to denote selection : being explanatory of several passages of Scripture, and not referring to a particular text. In general, the term alludes to reading. LEGACY, s. Chattel property bequeathed by a last will. L. legatum .• from lego, {legare,) to bequeath. LEG— LET LEGAL, adj. Lawful 5 relating or belonging to law. L. legalis: from legis, gen. of lex, a law. LEGATE, s. An ambassador ; a papal ambassador or commissioner. L. legatus : from lego, to intrust. LEGATEE, s. One to whom a legacy has been willed. L. legatum, a legacy. See LEGACY. LEGEND, s. A chronicle of the lives of saints ; any memorial or rela- tion 5 any inscription, particularly on coins and medals. L. legenda, [things] to be read ; from lego, (legere. ) LEGERDEMAIN, s. Slight of hand. F. legerete, nimbleness, de, of, main, the hand. LEGIBLE, adj. Such as can be read. L. legibilis : from lego, to read. LEGION, s. A Roman battalion, consisting of about five thousand men. L. legio : from lego, to collect. LEGISLATOR, s. One who makes laws. L. legislator : leges, laws, and latum, sup. of fero, to carry, or propose. LEGITIMATE, adj. Regular ; proper ; born in wedlock. L. legiti- mus, lawful ; from legis, gen. of lex, a law. LEGUMINOUS, adj. Of the pulse kind, as beans and peas ; such as are not reaped, but gathered by the hand. L. legumen, pulse ; from lego, to gather. LEISURE, s. Freedom from business or hurry ; convenience of time. F. loisir : from the L. laxus, loose. LENIENT, adj. Assuaging ; mild ; merciful. L. leniens, part, of lento, to assuage ; lenis, mild. LENITIVE, s. Something to ease pain. F. lenitif. See LENITY. LENITY, s. Mildness 5 tenderness. L. lenitas : lenis, mild. LENS. s. An optical g-lass which is convex on two sides. L. lens, a kind of pulse, called lentil, — from a resemblance of that glass to the form of its seed. LENTICULAR, adj. Of the form of a lens. F. lenticulaire : L. lentis, gen. of lens. See LENS. LENTIFORM. adj. Having the shape of a lens. L. lentis, of a lens, and forma, figure. LENTIGINOUS. adj. Scurfy ; partaking of the lentigo. L. lentigi- nosus. See LENTIGO. LENTIGO, s. A freckly or scurfy eruption on the skin. L. from lentis, gen. of lens, a kind of pea or pulse, called a lentil. LEO. s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. leo, a lion. LEPER, s. One having the leprosy. See LEPROSY. LEPROSY, s. A disorder which covers the body with a kind of white scales. L. lepra . G. lepra > lepros, scabby. LEPROUS, adj. Infected with leprosy. L. leprosus. See LEPROSY. LESSON, s. Any thing read or repeated to a teacher ; precept ; por- tion of scripture read in divine service. F. legon : L. lectio : lego, to read, LETHARGY. 5. A morbid drowsiness. G. lethargia: from hike, for- getfulness, and argos, slothful, dull. LETTER, s. One of the elements of a syllable ; an epistle ; literal meaning. F. lettre : L. litem, a letter. LETTRES DE CACHET. Private letters or mandates, {sealed LEV— LIB letters) formerly issued by the kings of France, under the royal sig- net, for the apprehension of persons obnoxious to the court. F. LEVARI FACIAS. A writ which commands the sheriff to levy the plaintiff's debt, whereby that officer may seize all the goods of the defendant, and receive the rents and profits, till satisfaction be made to the plaintiff. L. LEVATOR, s. A surgical instrument, for raising depressed parts of the skull. L. levator : from levo, to lift. LEVEE, s. An assemblage of persons at a court ; an artificial bank of a river. F. levee t from lever, to raise. LEVEN. s. — See LEAVEN ; which is the most common, though not the most correct, mode, of spelling the word. LEVER, s. One of the mechanical powers. F. levier : L. levo, to lift, LEVIGATE, v. To reduce to veiy fine powder ; to mix until a liquor becomes smooth and uniform. L. laevigo : from kevis, or levis, smooth. LEVITY, s. Lightness ; unsteadiness 5 trifling gayety. L. levitas : from levis, light. LEVY. v. To raise, — applied to money, or an army. F. lever .- L. levo, to raise. LEXICOGRAPHER, s. A writer of dictionaries. G. lexicon, a dic- tionary, and grapho, to write. LEXICON, s. A dictionary. G. lexicon : lexis, a word, and eikon, a representation, or image. LEX MERC ATORIA. The law of merchants. L. LEX NATUR3E. The law of nature. L. lex, a law, and naturse, gen. of natura, nature. LEX NON SCRIP TA. Unwritten law ; the Common Law of Eng- land. L. lex, a law, non, not, scripta, (from scribo, ) written. LEX SCRIPTA. Written or statute law. L. lex, a law, scripta, (from scribo, ) written. LEX TALI0N1S. The law of retaliation 5 as, " an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." L. lex, a law, and talionis, gen. of talio, like for like. LIBATION, s. Wine poured upon the ground, in honour of a heathen god. L. libatio : G. leibo, to pour out. [ LIBEL, s. A defamatory writing ; a species of proceeding in law. L. libellus, a little book, a lampoon ; from liber, a book. I LIBERAL, adj. Becoming a gentleman ; munificent ; generous. L. liberalis .• from liber, free. [ LIBERATE, v. To set free. L. libero : from liber, free. 1 LIBERTICIDE. 5. A traitor to the liberties of his country; a destroyer II of hberty. L. libertus, liberty, and csedo, to kill. LIBERTINE, s. A Lcentious person. F. libertin .- L. liber, free, un- controuled. LIBERTY, s. Freedom; privilege ; a district privileged or exempted, L. libertas: from liber, free. LIBIDINOUS, adj. Lustful ; lewd. L. Hbidinosus : libido, lust. LIBRA, s. One of the signs of the zodiac. L. libra, a balance. LIBRARY, s. A place for books ; a large collection of books. L. liber, a book, LIB— LIT LIBRATION. s. The state of being balanced. L. Kbratio : libra, a balance. LICENSE, s. Permission 5 permission allowed by one's-self beyond a proper limit. L. licentia : from liceo, to be lawful. LICENTIATE, s. One who has obtained a collegiate degree. L. licentia, permission. LICENTIOUS, adj. Unrestrained by law or moral feeling. L. licen- tiosus : from licentia, arbitrary license. LICTOR. s. A person who attended the Roman consuls, to apprehend or punish criminals. L. lictor .■ probably from ligo, to bind. LIEGE, adj. Subject ; sovereign. F. lige .• L. ligo, to bind. LIENTERY. s. A species of bodily looseness, or diarrhoea. F. tten- terie : G. leion, smooth, and enteron, an intestine. LIEU. In lieu, means in the place of. F. lieu, place, stead. LIEUTENANT, s. A deputy ; an officer next in rank to a captain. F. from lieu, place, or stead, and tenant, part, of tenir, to hold. LIGAMENT, s. That which unites or connects ; bond. L. ligamen- tum : from ligo, to bind. LIGATURE, s. A bandage. L. ligatura : from ligo, to bind. LIGNEOUS, adj. Partaking of wood. L. ligneus: lignum, wood. LIMIT, s. Boundary ; utmost reach. F. limite .• L. limes, a boundary. LIMPID, adj. Transparent. L. limpidus. See LYMPH. LINEAL, adj. Composed of lines : descending in a direct family line. L. linealis .- from linea, a line. LINEAMENT, s. Feature. L. lineamentum : from linea, a line. LINEN, s. Cloth made of flax or hemp. L. linum, flax. LINGUADENTAL. adj. Uttered by the combined action of the tongue and teeth. L. lingua, a tongue, and dens, a tooth. LINGUIST, s. One skilled in languages. L. lingua, a tongue or lan- guage. LESIMENT. s. A species of ointment. L. linimentum : from linio, to rub softly. LIPOTHYMY. s. A swoon. G. leipothemia : comp. of leipo, to fail, and ihumos, the mind. LIQUATION, s. The act of melting; capacity to be melted. L. liquo, to melt. LIQUEFY, v. To become liquid ; to make liquid. L. liquejio : from liquor, a fluid, and^o, to become. LIQUESCENT, adj. Melting ; of a melting nature. L. liquescens, part, of liquesco, to grow liquid: liquo, to melt. LIQUID, adj. Melted; fluid; soft. L. liquidus : liqueo, to melt. LIQUIDATE, v. To lessen a debt by degrees. L. liqueo, to dissolve. LIQUOR, s. Any thing fluid ; vulgarly, intoxicating drink. L. liquor. See LIQUID. LITANY, s. A form of prayer. G. litaneia, a supplication. LITERAL, adj. Not figurative ; following the words precisely ; con- sisting of letters. L. litera, a letter. LITERARY, adj. Relating to letters, or learning. L. literarius : from literse, letters, or learning: litera, a letter. LITERATI, s. The learned. L. pi. of literatus, learned ; from literse, letters. LITERATIM, s. Letter by letter. L. literatim .- from litera, a letter. LIT— LOY LITHOGRAPHY. 5. The art of engraving on stone. G. llihos, a stone, and grapho, to write. LITHONTR1PTIC. adj. Medicine for dissolving- the stone in the kid- nevs or bladder. G. lithos, a stone, and tribo, to waste or digest. LITHOTOMY, s. The art of cutting for the stone. G. lithos, a stone, and temno, to cut. LITIGATE, v. To contest in law. L. lltlgo : comp. of litis, gen. of Us, strife, and ago, to make. LITIGIOUS, adj. Fond of lawsuits. L. llilglosus. See LITIGATE. LITTER, s. Straw for cattle to lie on ; a bed for carrying a sick or luxurious person ; a brood of young, (supposed to be in a bed.) F. title re : lit, a bed. LITURGY, s. Form of prayers; form of public devotion. G. leltourgla: lltos, public, and ergon, a work. LTYID. adj. Discoloured, as with a blow. L. llvldus : from llveo, to be black and blue, or pale and wan. LIXIVIUM, s. A fluid impregnated with a salt. L. lixivium ; from llx, lie made with ashes. LOBE. s. In anatomy, any fleshy, protuberant part, as the lobes of the lungs, the lobes of the ears. G. lobos, the lower part of the ear. LOCAL, adj. Relating to place ; in a particular place. F. local.- L. locus, a place. LOCATE, v. To establish in a particular place. L. loco : from locus, a place. LOCOMOTION, s. Act of moving from one place to another. L. loco, (abl. of locus, ) from a place, and motion. LOCUM TENENS. A deputy; a temporary substitute. L. locum, a place, and tenens, holding: (locus and teneo.) LOCUS SIG1LLI, or L. S. The place of the seal. L. locus, a place, and slgllll, gen. of slglllum, a seal. LOGARITHMS, s. A species of arithmetic, invented by lord Napier. G. logos, a ratio, and arithmos, a number. LOGIC, s. The art of reasoning. L. loglce: G. logos, a word, speech, or thought. LOGOMACHY, s. A contest in, or about, words. G. logomachia: comp. of logos, a word, and mache, a battle. LONGEVITY, s. Length of life. L. longsevus, long-lived; from hngus, long, and aevum, time. LONGIMETRY. s. The art of measuring distances. L. hngus, long, and G. metreo, to measure. LONGITUDE, s. Length ; distance from east to west. L. longltudo : from longus, long. LOQUACIOUS, adj. Talkative. L. loquacls, gen. of loquax, talkative: loquor, to speak. LORIC ATED. adj. Plated over, in the manner of a crocodile. L. h''ica, a coat of mail. LOTION, s. A medicinal wash. L. lotlo: from lotum, sup. of lavo, to LOUIS-D'OR. s. A golden coin of France. F. Louis, (the king's name, ) de, ot, or, gold. LOYAL, adj. Obedient to a prince, or to the national laws ; faithful. F. loyal: from lol t a law. M LUB— LYR LUBRICITY, s. Slipperiness, or smoothness; instability. F. lubrkiU - L. lubricus, gliding: labor, to slide. LUBRIFACTION. s. The act of making slippery or smooth. L. lu- bricus, gliding, and facio, to make. LUCENT, adj. Shining ; splendid. L. lucens, part, of luceo, to shine. LUCID, adj. Shining ; perspicuous. L. lucidus : from lucis, gen. of lux, light. LUCRATIVE, adj. Profitable. L. lucrativus : from lucrum, gain. LUCRE, s. Gain ; money. This is a vulgar word, and always used in a degrading sense. F. lucre : L. lucrum, gain. LUCUBRATION, s. Nocturnal study. L. lucubratio : from lucis, gen. of lux, light ; — meaning candlelight. LUDICROUS, adj. Exciting laughter. L. ludicer : from ludus, sport. LUGUBRIOUS, adj. Mournful. L. lugubris : lugeo, to mourn. LUMBAGO. 5 Pain in the loins and small part of the back. L. lumbi, the loins, and ago, to move. LUMINARY, s. That which emits light. L. luminare.- from lumen, light, LUNACY, s. A species of intermitting mental derangement, errone- ously supposed to be influenced by the moon ; madness in general. L. luna, the moon. LUNAR, adj. Relating or belonging to the moon. L. lunaris : from luna, the moon. LUNARIAN, s. An inhabitant of the moon. L. luna, the moon. LUNATIC, s. One afflicted with lunacy. See LUNACY. LUNATION, s. A revolution of the moon. L. luna, the moon. LUPERCAL. s. A feast observed at Rome, at the place where Romu- lus and Remus were said to have been suckled by a wolf. L. luper- cal: from lupa, a female wolf. LUSTRATION, s. Religious purification by water, or other sacrifice, L. lustratio. See LUSTRUM. LUSTRE, s. Brightness, or glitter; renown ; a chandelier. F. lustre- L. lustra, to purify. LUSTRUM, s. The religious purgation or cleansing of Rome, even- fifth year; hence, lustrum is used to denote a period of four years. L. LUSUS NJLTURJE. An irregular production of nature; as an animal born with five legs, instead of four. L. lusus, a play or freak, na- turae, (from notura, ) of nature. LUTARIOUS. adj. Living in mud. L. lutarius : from lutum, mud. LUTING, s. Clay, or a composition, with which the joints and apertures of chemical utensils are closed. F. hit: L. lutum, clay. LUXURIANT, adj. Exuberant. L. luxurians: from luxo, to loosen .- that is, to grow beyond the proper limit. LYMPH, s. A transparent, colourless fluid. L. lympha, a poetical term for water. LYMPHE'DUCT. s. In anatomy, a vessel which conveys the lymph. L. lympha, lymph, and ductus, a guidance: duco, to lead. LYRE. s. A harp. F. lyre.- L. lyra: G. lura. LYRIC, adj. Relating to poems intended for the harp ; sentimental pieces of music. L. lyricus. See LYRE, MAC— MAJ M. MACERATE, v. To make Jean; to wear away. L. macero : from macer, lean. MACHINATION. 5. Artifice; malicious design. L. machinatio ; from machina, an engine. See MACHINE. MACHINE, s. An engine of complicated workmanship. F. machine.- L. machina .- G. maeliane, a project or endeavour ; quickness or advantage. MACULA. .9. A spot. L. (pi. maculse.) MADRIGAL, s. A pastoral song ; any light, airy, short song. F. ma- drigal: L. mandra, a hovel for cattle. MAGAZINE, s. A store -house, generally for munitions of war ; a mis- cellaneous pamphlet, (imagined as a literary store-house. ) F. ma- gazin : G. magos, wise. MAGIC, s. Pretended sorcery or enchantment. L. magia .• G. magos, wise. MAGISTERIAL, adj. Relating to or resembling a magistrate. See MAGISTRATE. MAGISTRATE, s. A man invested with legal authority. L. magis- tral us : magister, a master: from major, greater. MAGNA CHARTA. s. The charter of English liberties, obtained from king" John, by the barons, in 1215. L. magna, (fern, of mag- nus,) great, and charta, (pronounced carta,) paper. MAGNANIMITY, s. Greatness of mind ; bravery. L. magnanimitas : comp. of magnus, great, and animus, the mind or soul. MAGNIFICENT, adj. Grand ; splendid. L. magnijicus : from mag- nus, great, and facio, to make. MAGNIFY, v. To make great ; to increase to the eye ; to exaggerate. L. magnijicio: from magnus, great,, and facio, to make. MAGNITUDE, s. Bulk ; dimension. L. magnitudo : from magnus, great. MAIL. s. A coat of steel net-wovk. to protect the body ; any armour ; a postman's bag, or that which covers and protects the letters ; a carriage in which the mail is conveyed. F. maille, the mesh of a net. MAIN. adj. Principal; chief; leading. Old F. magne.- L. magnus, great. MAIN. s. A continent, or great tract of land ; an ocean, or great sheet of water. See the adjective. MAINPRISE, s. Delivery into the custody of a friend, upon security given for appearance ; bail. F. main, a hand, and prise, possession: prendre, to take. MAINTAIN, v. To preserve ; to keep; to support. F. maintenir .- main, a hand, (that is, in the hand,) and tenir, to hold: L. manus, and teneo. MAJESTIC, adj. August ; grand ; splendid. L. majestas, superiority, majesty: from major, compar. of magnus, great. MAJOR, adj. Greater ; used generally before part. L. major, greater; compar. of magnus, great. | MAJOR, s. An officer next above a captain. L. major, greater, * MAJ— MAN MAJORITY, s. The greater number ; commission or rank of major. See MAJOR. MALADY, s. Disease. F. maladie .• mal, evil: L. malum, MALA FIDE. With a design to deceive. L. abl. of mains, bad, and jides, faith. MALATES. s. Salts formed by a combination of any base with the malic acid. See MALIC. MALCONTENT, s. A discontented or dissatisfied person. F. mal- content : mal, ill, and content, contented. MALEDICTION, s. Curse. L. maledictio : from malus, evil, and dictio, an expression. MALEFACTOR, s. A criminal. L. male, wickedly, and facio, to do. MALEVOLENT. 5. Ill-disposed; malignant. L. malevolus ; from malt, wickedly, and voh, to wish. MALIC, adj. Malic acid is obtained from the juice of apples. L. ma- lum, -an apple. MALICE, s. Evil design. F. malice : L. malitia : from malum, wick- MALICE PREPENSE. Evil intention, previously cherished. See MALICE and PREPENSE. MALIFICENT. adj. Malign 5 injurious ; causing- evil. L. §ialum, evil, and facio, to make. MALIGN, adj. Evil-disposed ; malicious; pestilential. F. maligne: L. malignus : malus, evil. MALIGNANT, adj. Intending or effecting- ill ; malicious ; hostile to life. F. malignant : L. malignus : from malum, evil. MALLEABLE, adj. Capable of being spread by hammering. F. malleable : L. malleus, a hammer. MALLET, s. A wooden hammer, with two heads. F. maillet - L. malleus, a hammer. MALUM IJV SE. Evil in itself, as murder. Some actions are evil only when prohibited by law, as the killing of game, if unprivileged, which is malum prohibitum. L. malum, (neuter of malus,) evil, in, in, se, itself. MALVERSATION. 5. Fraudulent conduct. F. malversation : L. ma- lum, evil, and verso, (freq. of verto,) to turn often. MANACLES, s. Handcuffs. F. manicles : L. manicse: manus, a hand. MANAGE, v. To conduct ; to make tractable. F. menager ; main, the hand, and agir, to act. L. manus, and ago. MANDAMUS, s. A writ, requiring the person to whom it is directed, to do some particular thing, therein specified. L. mandamiis, (from mando,) we command. MANDATE, s. A command ; a commission. L. mandatum .- from mando, to command, or give in charge : manus, a hand, and do, to give. MANEGE, s. A place for training horses; a riding school. F. manege. See MANAGE. MANES, s. The immortal part, or spirit. L. manes .* which appears to be derived from maneo, to remain. MANEUVRE. s. Finesse ; artful and subtle expedient ; military move- ment. F. manoeuvre: comp. of main, the hand, and oeuvre, work. MANGE, s. A scorbutic disease amongst brutes. F. manger, to eat ; meaning to penetrate the skin. MAN— MAE MANG ER. s. The trough or vessel in which cattle are fed. F. mail* geoire .- manger, to eat. "MANIA, s. Raving or furious madness ; generally prevailing adoption of something new. G. mania, rage. MANIAC, s. One highly deranged in mind. See MANIA. MANCEUVRE. See MANEUVRE. MANOR. s. Land granted by a sovereign to a person of great merit, as an estate or permanent place of residence. Old F. manoir : L. maneo, to remain. MANSION, s. The house erected on a manor ; a house adapted for a permanent residence ; place of abode. L. mansio, a continuance: mansum, sup. of maneo. See MANOR. MANTELET, s. A kind of pent-house, used by a besieging army, to cover the miners and pioneers from the enemy's shot. F. mantelet • Old F. mantel, a cloak. MANUAL, adj. Performed by the hand. L. manualis : from manus, a hand. MANUAL, s. A small book, such as may be easily carried in the hand. See the adjective. MANUFACTURE, v. To form by art and labour. F. manufacturer : L. rnanu, (abl. oSmanus,) by the hand, and facio, to make. MANUMIT, v. To release from slavery. L. manumitto ; comp. of manu, (abl. of manus,) from the hand, and mitto, to send away. MANUSCRIPT. *. Something written by the hand, — not printed. L. manuscriptum : manu, (abl. of manus,) by the hand, and scriptus, p. part, of scribo, to write. MARCH, s. The third month. L. Mariius : from Mars, the god of war ; to whom, it was dedicated by the Romans. MARGIN, s. The brink, or border. L. mar go, the brink. MARINE, adj. Belonging to the sea. L. marinas : from mare, the sea. MARINER, s. A seaman. See MARINE. MARITAL, adj. Relating to a husband. F. marital: L. maritus, a husband. MARITIME, adj. Relating to the sea. L. maritimus : from mare, the sea. MARQUE, s. "Letters of marque and reprisal;" (words used as syno- nymous, and signifying, the latter, a taking in return, the former, the passing of the frontiers, in order to such taking:) are granted, in order to seize the bodies or goods of offending- foreigners, until satisfaction be made. F. from rnarche, £ boundary. MARQUIS, or MARQUESS, s. Now denotes a nobleman next in rank below a duke ; but originally signified a person whose office was to guard the frontiers and limits of the kingdom of England. F. marcke, a boundary, or limit. MARRY, v. To perform the ceremony of marriage ; to take in mar- riage. F. marier .• L. marito, to wed. MARTIAL, adj. Warlike; relating to war. F. martial: L. martialis : Mars, the god of war. MARTYR, s. One who is put to death for holding a particular opinion. F. martyr : G. martur, a witness ; because, by his death, he bears witness to the truth of his belief. M2 MAR— MAX MARTYROLOGY. s. A register of martyrs. F. martyr, a martyiy and G. logos, a description. MARVELLOUS, adj. Wonderful. F. merveilleux .- merveille, wonder 1 meriier, to deserve, and veiller, to notice. MASCULINE, adj. Relating- or belonging- to males, L. masculinus ; from mas, a male. MASSACRE, s. Extensive and indiscriminate slaughter ; cruel butch- ery of the unarmed or defenceless. F. massacre : L. macto, to kill 3 and sacrum, a sacrifice. MASSIVE, or MASSY, adj. Bulky; ponderous. F. massif.- L. massa, a heap. MASTER, s. One who has a servant ; a ruler ; a director ; one who teaches, &c. F. maistre: L. magister : from major, (compar. of magnus,) greater. MATERIAL, adj. Consisting of matter ; corporeal, not spiritual $ Im- portant ; essential ; necessary. L. materialis. See MATTER. MATERIALIST, s. One who denies the existence of spiritual sub- stances. See MATERIAL. MATERIA MEDICA. A general name for all substances used in medicine ; a book which treats of these substances. L. materia, matter, and medica, (fem. of medicus,) pertaining to physic. MATERNAL, adj. Motherly ? pertaining to a mother. L. maternus : mater, a mother. G. mater, a mother. MATHEMATICS, s. That science which contemplates whatever can be numbered or measured. G. mathematike .• from mathema, in- struction ; manthano, to learn, MATIN, adj. Relating to the morning. F. matin, morning. MATINS, s. Morning worship. F. matines* See MATIN. MATRICE. 5. A mould ; an instrument used by engravers and letter- founders, on which is engraved a figure to be struck into the metal, or the letter to be cast. See MATRIX. MATRICIDE, s. Murder of a mother; one who murders a mother. L. matricidium ,• comp. of mater, a mother, and caedo, to kill. MATRICULATE, v. To admit as a member of a university ; to enrol. L. matrix, a womb, and latum, sup. of fero, to bring. A college is thus compared to a mother. MATRIMONY, s. Wedlock. L. matrimonium : from mater, a mother. MATRIX, s. The womb ; also, an instrument used in the formation of letters, &c. by engravers and type-founders. L. matrix .- G. mater, a mother. MATRON, s. An elderly lady ; a wife. L. matrona .- from mater, a mother. MATTER, s. Substance ; purulent discharge ; subject ; consequence ; importance. L. materia,- from mater,, a mother: G. mater. MATURE, adj. Ripe. L. maturus, mellow. MAUSOLEUM. 5. A splendid tomb. L. from Mausolus, king of Caria; for whom, a famous funeral monument was erected by his queen, and called The Mausoleum. MAUVAISE HONTE. Excessive bashfulness. F. mauvaise, eviL honte, shame, or confusion. MAXIM. 8. An axiom ; a general principle ; a leading truth. & maxime .- L. maximus, greatest* MAX— MEM MAXIMUM, s. The highest rate, opposed to minimum. L. maximum, (neuter of maximus,) the superl. of magnus, great: pos. magnua, great ; compar. major, greater ; superl. maximus, greatest. MAY. s. The fifth month. L. Maius ; from Maia, the mother of Mercury. MAYOR, s. The chief magistrate of a town. F. moire : L. major, greater. MEAGER, adj. Lean ; weak ; emaciated. F. maigre : L. macer .- G. mikros, small. MEANDER, v. To move in a serpentine course. Meander, a river in Phrygia, remarkable for its winding. MEASURE, s. Standard of measurement; degree, or quantity; means; musical time ; metre. F. mesure .• L. mensura : mensus, part, of metior, to measure : G. rnetreo. MECHANICS, s. The science of the power and construction of ma- chines. G. mechane, art. MEDAL, s. A piece of metal bearing a memorial of some meritorious or remarkable performance ; and intended as a present to the achiever. F. medaille : from the Saxon med, signifying reward. MEDALLION.*. Something resembling a medal. F. medaillon. See MEDAL. MEDIATE, v. To intercede. L. medius, middle ; — a mediator stands. between two persons. MEDIATELY, adv. By a secondary cause. See MEDIATE. MEDIATOR, s. An intercessor. See MEDIATE. MEDICAL, adj. Relating to the art of healing. L. medicus : G. me- deo, to govern. MEDIOCRITY, s. Middle rate. L. medioaitas : from medius, middle. MEDITATE, v. To contemplate. L. meditor : G. medeo, to govern, or take care of. MEDIUM, s. Any thing intervening ; a middle degree ; means. L. medium, the middle. MELANCHOLY, s. A disease, arising from a heavy state of the blood; a gloomy, pensive temper. G. melanos, gen. of melas, black, and chole, bile. MELIORATE, v. To improve ; to ameliorate. L. melior, better. MELLIFEROUS, adj. Producing honey. L. mellifer .- mel, honey, andfei-o, to bring. MELLIFLUOUS, adj. Sweetly flowing. L. mel, honey, and fiuo, to flow. MELLOW, adj. Pleasingly ripe ; soft. L. mel, honey. •MELODY, s. Sweetness of musical sound. G. melodia: from meli, honey, and ode, a song. Musical harmony relates to the agreement of sounds. MEMBRANE, s. A delicate web used in the human structure. L. membrana, a film. MEMENTO, v. Remember ; s. a memorial. L. memento, remember; imper. of the defective v. memini. MEMOIR, s. A familiarly written history. F. memoir e ; L. memoro, to remember. MEMORANDUM, s. A note to aid the memory. L. memorandum^ to be remembered ; part, of memoro, to remember, MEM— MET MEMORIAL. .?. A monument ; a remembrancer ; a written address, such as reminds of services and solicits a reward ; a remonstrance. Y. memorial: L. mernorialis : memoro, to remember. MEMORY. 5. The faculty of recollecting- things past ; recollection. L. memoria: from memoro, to remember. • MENACE, v. To threaten. F. menacer : G. menio, to be angrv. MENAGE, or MENAGERIE, s. A place for wild animals. F. from menager, to manage, or take care of. MENDACITY, s. Falsehood. L. mendax, lying. MENDICANT, adj. Begging. L. mendicans, part, of mendico, to beg. MENDICITY, s. The state of a beggar. See MENDICANT. MENIAL, adj. Belonging to the retinue or train of common or low servants 5 befitting a servant. See adj. MANUAL. MENS AL. adj. Relating to the table. L. mensalis : mensa, a table. MENSTRUAL, adj. Monthly; relating to a menstruum. F. menstrual: L. mensis, a month. MENSURATION, s. The science or act of measuring. L. mensura, a measure. See MEASURE. ^ MENTAL, adj. Intellectual. F. mentale : L. mentis, gen. of mens, the mind. MEPHITIC. adj. Ill-smelling ; noxious. L. mephitis, a bad smell. MERCANTILE, adj. Commercial. L. mercans, part, of mercor, to buy. MERCENARY, adj. Venal; hired; too studious of recompense. L. mercenarius : from merces, wages. MERCER, s. A dealer in cloths. F. mercier : L. mercor, to buy. MERCHANT, s. One who traffics. F. marchand: L. mercans : mercor, to purchase. MERETRICIOUS, adj. Alluring by false show. L. meretricius: from meretrix, a harlot. MERCURY, s. Quicksilver. L. Mercurius, called, in English, Mer- cury ; the most subtle of all the heathen gods. MERGE, v. To unite ; to be included. L. mergo, to immerse. MERIDIAN, s. The point of noon ; a geographical line drawn from north to south, and passing through all those places which have noon at the same time. F. meridien: L. meridies, noon; probably, from medius, middle, and dies, a day. MERIT, s. Desert. L. meritum : from mereo, to earn. MERMAID, s. An animal resembling the human form, said to exist in the sea. F. mer, the sea, and maid. MERSION. s. The act of sinking or plunging below the surface. L. mersio : from mersum, sup. of mergo, to plunge. MESSAGE, s. An errand ; any thing committed to another, to be told to a third. F. message: L. missus, p. part, of mitto, to send. MESSIEURS, s. Sirs ; gentlemen. F. plural of monsieur, sir. MESSUAGE, s. (Pronounced mess-wage.) In law, the house and ground set apart for domestic uses ; also a garden, shop, mill, &,c. Law L. messuagium : supposed to be derived from mansio. See MANSION. METALLURGY, s. The art of working or preparing metals, L. mt- tallum, metal, and G. ergon, work. MET— MIL METAMORPHOSE, v. To change the form. G. metamorphob : comp, of meta, against, and morphe, form. METAPHOR, s. A similitude ; a simile, usually comprised in one word. G. metaphora : meta, signifying- from one place, or thing, to another, and phoreo, to carry. METAPHRASE, s. A strict, verbal translation. G. metaphrasis : meta, signifying from one place, or thing, to another, and phrasis, a phrase. METAPHYSICS, s. That part of philosophy which considers the na- ture and properties of thinking beings, &c. G. metaphusike • from meta, through, and phusis, nature. METASTASIS, s. Translation or removal. G. metastasis .- from meta t across or opposite to, and stasis, a situation. METE. v. To measure. L. metior : G. metreo, to measure. METEMPSYCHOSIS, s. Transmigration of the soul from one body to another. G. metempsuchosis : from meta, from one place to an- other, and psuche, the soul METEOR, s. A transitory body passing through the air. G. meteora : from meta, from one place to another, and aeiro, to raise. METEOROLOGICAL, adj. Relating to the doctrine of meteors ; and to the changes of weather. Meteor, and G. logos, a description. METHOD, s. The placing of several things, or performing several operations, in the most convenient manner ; mode, or manner. G. methodos : meta, with, and odos, a way. METONYMY, s. A rhetorical figure, founded on the several relations of cause and effect, container and contained, sign and thing signi- fied: as, when we say, "he is reading Locke, " the cause is put for the effect ; meaning "the works of Locke." G. metonumia: meta, against, and onoma, a name. METRE, s. Language confined to a certain number, and harmonic disposition, of syllables ; verse. G. metron, a measure. METROPOLIS, s. A chief city. L. metropolis : G. meter, a mother, and polis, a city. METROPOLITAN. s. An archbishop. G. from metropolis : supposing that the chief city was the principal see. METJM AND TTJUM. Mine and yours: — a technical expression, used to mark the distinction of property, as belonging to one per- son or another. L. MIASMA, s. Contagious effluvia, arising from distempered or poison- ous bodies. G. miasma : from miaino, to infect. MICROCOSM, s. The little world. Man is so called, from a fanciful analogy to the world itself. G, mikros, little, and kosmos, the world. MICROMETER, s. An instrument for measuring small spaces. G. mikros, cavill, and metreo, to measure. MICROSCOPE, s. An instrument for viewing small objects. G. mikros, small, and skopeo, to view. MIGRATE, v. To remove to another country. L. migro, to shift the habitation. MILE. s. The Roman mile was called mille passus, a thousand paces or steps, each about five feet ; hence, the English r/u7e, though it contains 1760 yards. >W; II MIL— MR « MILIARY, adj. In medical language, means small, resembling a millet- seed : a miliary fever produces small eruptions. F. miliaire : L. milium, a millet-seed. MILITANT, adj. Fighting ; engaged in spiritual warfare. L. militans, part, of milito, to go a fighting: from miles, a soldier. MILITARY, adj. Belonging to the profession of a soldier ; relating to war. L. militaris i from miles, a soldier. MILITIA, s, Citizens and peasantry trained for national defence. L> militia, soldiery ; from miles, a soldier. MILLE. s. In the federal arithmetic of the United States of America, a mille is the thousandth part of a dollar. F. mille : L. milky a thou- sand. MILLENNIUM, s. A thousand years ; a certain period of time antici- pated by some Christians. L. mille, a thousand, and annus, a year. MIMIC, s. A ludicrous, or servile imitator. L. mimieus : G. mimos, an imitator. MINATORY, adj. Threatening. L. minor, to threaten. MINERALOGY, s. The science of minerals:, comp. of the Eng. mi- neral, and G. logos, a description. MINIATURE, s. A representation in a small compass. F. miniature. This word, in accordance with the size of the painting, &c.,,appears to come from the L. minuo, to lessen ; but, in relation to its orthogra- phy, and to the mode of execution, the French word may have been derived from miniatus, part, of the L. minio, to colour with ver- milion. MINIMUM, s. The lowest rate; opposed to maximum. L. minimum, (neuter of minimus,) the superl. of parvus, little ; compar. minor 9 less ; superl. minimus, least. MINION, s. A court-favourite ; a mean dependant. F. mignon, a darling. MINISTER, s. An agent ; one who acts under another ; a clergyman, or high civil officer. L. minister, a servant, or assistant: minor, less. MINISTER, v. To attend ; to manage ; to perform ; to supply. L. ministro. See the noun. MINOR, adj. Petty ; less ; smaller. L. minor, less. MINOR, s. One under the age when he can lawfully manage his own affairs. L. minor, less, or younger. MINOTAUR, s. A monster imagined by the poets, half man and half bull. L. Minotaurus .- from Minos, a king of Crete, and taurus, a bull. See Ovid's Metamorphoses. MINUS, s. Less ; insufficient ; in electricity, opposed to plus. L. minus, less. MINUTE', adj. Small ; precise. L. minutus, diminished ; from mi- nuo, to lessen. MIN'UTE. s. The sixtieth part of an hour. L. minutus. See MI- NUTE'. MIN'UTE. v. To record briefly. See MINUTE'. MINUTLE, s. Minute parts ; trifles. L. pi. of minutia : minutus, p. part, of minuo, to make less ; minor, less. ,; MIRACLE, s. A wonder ; something above human power. F. mira- cle : L. miraculum : from miror, to wonder. MIRROR, s. A looking glass. F. miroir ; L. miror, to admire. MIS— MOI MISANTHROPE, s. One disgusted with mankind. " G. misanthropes . miseo, to hate, and anthropos, a man. MISCELLANEOUS, adj. Various, L. miscellaneus : from misceo, to mix. MISCIBLE. adj. Possible to be mingled. L. misceo, to mix. MISER. 5. Originally, signified a wretched or unhappy person, in ge- neral ; but now, means one who is extremely covetous of money, and wretched from the fear of poverty. L. miser, wretched. MISERABLE, adj. Wretched. F. miserable. See MISER. MISNOMER, s. In law, signifies a wrong name. F. from mis, denot- ing error, and nom, a name. MISOGAMIST. s. A marriage-hater. G. miseo, to hate, and gamos, marriage. MISPRISION, s. In law, signifies neglect, negligence, or oversight. Old F. mespriser, to disdain ; or mesprendre, to mistake. MISSILE, adj. Thrown; designed to be thrown. L. missilis ; from missus, p. part, oi'milto, to send. MISSION, s. Commission > the office of persons commissioned or em- ployed. L. missio ,- from missus, p. part, of mitto, to send. MITIGATE, v. To assuage ; to soften. L. mitigo ,• from mitis, meek. MITRE, s. A bishop's crown. L. mitra, a bonnet, or turban. MITTIMUS, s. A magistrate's order for imprisonment. L. mittimus, we send ; being the first word in the old Latin writs. MTXTILINEAR. s. Consisting of a line, or lines, partly straight and partly curved. L. mixtus, mixed, and linealis. See LINEAL. MNEMONICS. *. The science of artificial memory. G. mnemonikes, relating to the men;ory: mnaomai, to remember. MOBILITY, s. Capacity of being moved ; activity ; in cant language, the populace. F. mobiliU : L. mobilitas : moveo, to move. MOCK. v. To imitate in an ill-natured and vidgar manner ; to laugh at ; to tantalize ; to defeat. F. moouer .■ G. mokao, x.o laugh at. MODE. s. Manner; method; form; fashion. F. mode: L. modus, a due proportion, method, manner. MODEL, s. A pattern. F. modele: L. modulus, a little measure. See MODE. MODERATE, adj. Not excessive ; temperate ; middling. L. mode- ratus. See MODE. MODERN, adj. According to the present mode .• in conformity with the present mode .• recent; not ancient. F. moderne. Se:: MODE. MODEST, s. Having a proper deportment. ; not impudent ; chaste. F. modeste: L. modestus : modus, a measure, a due proportion. MODIFY, v. To shape, so as to fit or conform to another thing ; to qualify. F. modifier : L. modus, a manner, and facio, to make. See MODE. MODULATE, v. To form sound to a certain key, or to certain notes. L. modulor : from modulus, a measure: modus, a rule. MODUS, s. A due proportion, neither more nor less ; measure; limits; rule. L. MODUS OPERANDI. The method or manner of operating. L. modus, a method, operandi, (gerund, ofoperor,) of working. MOIETY, s. Half. F. moitie : from moyen, the middle. MIL— MIR « MILIARY, adj. In medical language, means small, resembling a millet- seed : a miliary fever produces small eruptions. F. miliaire : L. milium, a millet-seed. MILITANT, adj. Fighting ; engaged in spiritual warfare. L. militans, part, of milito, to go a fighting: from miles, a. soldier. MILITARY, adj. Belonging to the profession of a soldier ; relating to war. L. militaris .« from miles, a soldier. MILITIA, s. Citizens and peasantry trained for national defence. L. militia, soldiery ; from miles, a soldier. MILLE. *, In the federal arithmetic of the United States of America, a mille is the thousandth part of a dollar. F. mille : L. mille, a thou- sand. MILLENNIUM, s. A thousand years ; a certain period of time antici- pated by some Christians. L. mille, a thousand, and annus, a year. MIMIC, s. A ludicrous, or servile imitator. L. mimicus : G. mimos, an imitator. MINATORY, adj. Threatening. L. minor, to threaten. MINERALOGY, s. The science of minerals: comp. of the Eng. mi- neral, and G. logos, a description. MINIATURE, s. A representation in a small compass. F. miniature. This word, in accordance with the size of the painting, &.c.,.appears to come from the L. minuo, to lessen ; but, in relation to its orthogra- phy, and to the mode of execution, the French word may have been derived from miniatus, part, of the L. minid, to colour with ver- milion. MINIMUM, s. The lowest rate; opposed to maximum. L. minimum, (neuter of minimus, ) the superl. of parvus, little ; compar. minor, less ; superl. minimus, least. MINION, s. A court-favourite ; a mean dependant. F. mignon, a darling. MINISTER, s. An agent ; one who acts under another ; a clergyman, or high civil officer. L. minister, a servant, or assistant: minor, less. MINISTER, v. To attend 5 to manage; to perform; to supply. L ministro. See the noun. MINOR, adj. Petty ; less ; smaller. L. minor, less. MINOR, s. One under the age when he can lawfully manage his own affairs. L. minor, less, or younger. MINOTAUR, s. A monster imagined by the poets, half man and half bull. L. Minotaurus .• from Minos, a king of Crete, and taurus, a bull. See Ovid's Metamorphoses. MINUS, s. Less ; insufficient ; in electricity, opposed to plus. L. minus, less. MINUTE', adj. Small ; precise. L. minutus, diminished ; from mi- nuo, to lessen. MIN'UTE. s. The sixtieth part of an hour. L. minutus. See MI- NUTE'. MIN'UTE. v. To record briefly. See MINUTE'. MINUTIAE, s. Minute parts ; trifles. L. pi. of minutia : minutus, p. part, of minuo, to make less : minor, less. MIRACLE, s. A wonder; something above human power. F. mira- cle : L. miraculum .- from miror, to wonder. MIRROR, s. A looking glass. F. miroir : L. miror, to admire. MIS— MOI MISANTHROPE, s. One disgusted with mankind. ' G. misanthropos i rniseo, to hate, and anthropos, a man. MISCELLANEOUS, adj. Various. L» miscellaneus : from misceo, to mix. MISCIBLE. adj. Possible to be mingled. L. misceo, to mix. MISER, s. Originally, signified a wretched or unhappy person, in ge- neral 5 but now, means one who is extremely covetous of money, and wretched from the fear of poverty. L. miser, wretched. MISERABLE, adj. Wretched. F. miserable. See MISER. MISNOMER, s. In law, signifies a wrong name. F. from mis, denot- ing error, and nom, a name. MISOGAMIST. 5. A marriage-hater. G. miseo, to hate, and gamos, marriage. MISPRISION, s. In law, signifies neglect, negligence, or oversight. Old F. mespriser, to disdain ; or mesprendre, to mistake. MISSILE, adj. Thrown; designed to be thrown. L. missilis ; from missus, p. part, of mitto, to send. MISSION, s. Commission - y the office of persons commissioned or em- ployed. L. missio ; from missus, p. part, of mitto, to send. MITIGATE, v. To assuage ; to soften. L. mitigo ; from mitis, meek. MITRE, s, A bishop's crown. L. mitra, a bonnet, or turban. MITTIMUS, s. A magistrate's order for imprisonment. L. mittimus, we send ; being the first word in the old Latin writs. MTXTILINEAR. s. Consisting of a line, or lines, partly straight and partly curved. L. mixtus, mixed, and linealis. See LINEAL. MNEMONICS, s. The science of artificial memory. G. mnemonikes, relating to the memory: mnaomai, to remember. MOBILITY, s. Capacity of being moved ; activity ; in cant language, the populace. F. mobiliU .• L. mobilitas : moveo, to move. MOCK. v. To imitate in an ill-natured and vulgar manner ; to laugh at ; to tantalize ; to defeat. F. moquer .• G. mokao, to laugh at. MODE. s. Manner 5 method ; form ; fashion. F. mode : L. modus, a due proportion, method, manner. MODEL, s. A pattern. F. modeie: L. modulus, a little measure. See MODE. MODERATE, adj. Not excessive ; temperate ; middling. L. mode- ratus. See MODE. MODERN, adj. According to the present mode .• in conformity with the present mode : recent; not ancient. F. moderne. Se_: MODE. MODEST, s. Having a proper deportment ; not impudent ; chaste. F. modeste: L. modestus : modus, a measure, a due proportion. MODIFY, v. To shape, so as to fit or conform to another thing ; to qualify. F. modifier : L. modus, a manner, and facio, to make. See MODE. MODULATE, v. To form sound to a certain key, or to certain notes. L. modulor : from modulus, a measure: modus, a rule. MODUS, s. A due proportion, neither more nor less ; measure; limits; rule. L. MODUS OPERANDI. The method or manner of operating. L. modus, a method, operandi, (gerund, of operor,) of working. MOIETY, s. Half. F. moitie : from moyen, the middle. MOL— MOR MOLE'CULE. s. The molecules of bodies are those ultimate particles which cannot be decomposed by any chemical means. F. molecule* a dimin. formation, from the L. moles, a mass. MOLEST, v. To disturb, or vex. F. molester.- L. molestia, trouble: moles, a mass, or heap. MOLLIENT. adj. Softening. L. molliens, part, of molllo, to soften. MOLLIFY, v. To soften. L. mollis, soft, and^o, to be made. MOMENT, s. Force ; importance ; consequence ; indivisible particle of time. L. momentum : moveo, to move. MOMENTOUS, adj. Important 5 of consequence. L. momentosus. See MOMENT. MONACHISM. s. State of a monk. F. See MONK. MONANDRIA. s. A genus of plants, distinguished by one male sta- mina. G. monos, single, and andria, virility. MONARCH, s. An emperor, or a king. G. monarchos : from monos, alone, and arche, government. MONASTERY, s. A habitation for monks. L. monasterium : G. mo- nos, alone. MONITION, s. Advice. L. monitio : from moneo, to advise. G. monos, alone, — that is, in private. MONITOR, s. One who gives advice ; a scholar appointed to watch over his fellows. L. monitor : from moneo, to advise. MONK. s. A man secluded in a monastery. Derived, through the Saxon, from the G. monachos, solitary ; monos, alone. MONODY, s. A poem in which only one person is introduced as speaking. G. monos, alone, and ode, a song. MONOGAMY, s. Marriage of one wife ; opposed to polygamy. G. me- nos, one, and gameo, t© marry. MONOLOGUE, s. A soliloquy. G. monos, alone, and logos, a word, or speech. MONOPOLIZE, v. To engross. G. monos, alone, and poleo, to sell. MONOPTOTE. s. A noun used only in one oblique case. G. monos, one, and ptosis, a case. MONOSYLLABLE, s. A word of one syllable. G. monos, one, and syllable. MONOTONY, s. Disagreeable repetition of the same sound. G. mo- notonia ; monos, one, and tonos, a tone or note. MONSTER, s. The primary meaning of this word was, something omi- nous ; something which was supposed to show or foretel 5 as, an eclipse of the sun, a comet, or an unusual colour of the moon: but, the word Monster now denotes something formed contrary to the general rules of nature, or any thing extremely large. F. monstre ? L. monstrum : monstro, to show. MONUMENT, s. Any thing by which the memory of persons or things is preserved. L. monumentum ; from moneo, to bring to remem- brance. MOOD, or MODE. s. Manner ; a term of logic and of grammar. See MODE. MORAL, adj. Relating to human conduct ; proper ; honest. L. mo* ralis : from moris, gen. of mos, a manner. MORBID. adj< Diseased; sickly. L. morbidus: from morbus, a disease. MOR— MUX MORBIFIC, adj. Causing disease. F. morb'ifique: L. morbus, a dis-. ease, and facio, to make. MORDAXT. s. A substance, such as alum, or iron, which has a chem- ical affinity for another substance ; and with which cloth or yarn is prepared before dyeing. F. mordant ,• sharp, acrid ; from mordre, to bite: L. mordeo. MOROSE, adj. Peevish ; sullen. L. morosus ; from mordeo, to bite. MORSEL, s. A mouthful ; a piece ; a meal. L. morsus ,• from the p. part, of morden, to bite. MORTAL, adj. Subject to death ; causing death. L. mortalis; from mors, death. MORTGAGE, s. Security on lands, &c, by the terms of which, the land pledged for the repayment of money borrowed, is, in law, in case of non-payment at the time limited, for ever dead and gone from the mortgagor. F. mart, dead, and gage, a pledge. MORTIFY, v. To destroy the vital principle"; to subdue inordinate passions ; to vex. F. mortifier: L. mors, death, and facio, to make, or cause. MORTMAIX. s. Such a state of possession as makes it unalienable ; whence, it is said to be in a dead hand. F. morte, dead, and main, a hand. MOTIVE, s. That which incites. L. motivus ,- moto, to move. MUCILAGE, s. A slimy or gummy substance. F. mucilage. See MUCUS. MUCILAGIXOUS. adj. Having the quality of mucilage. From muci- lage, and the L. genus, a sort. MUCOUS, adj. Viscous ; slimy. See MUCUS. MUCULENT. adj. Viscous ; slimy. See MUCUS. MUCUS, s. That which issues from the nose ; a viscous fluid. L. MULCT, v. To punish by fine. L. mulcto, to fine. MULCTUARY. adj. Imposing a fine. See MULCT. MULTIFARIOUS, adj. Having great diversity; various. L. multifer; comp. of mult 'us, many, and/ero, to bear. MULTIFORM, adj. Having various forms. L. multiformis; from multus, many, and forma, a shape. MULTILATERAL, adj. Having many sides. L. from multus, many, and lotus, a side. MULTIPAROUS. adj. Producing many at a birth. L. multiparus ; from multus, many, and pario, to bring forth young. MULT1PEDE. s. An insect with many feet. L. multipeda; from multus, many, and pedes, pi. of pes, a foot. MULTIPLY, v. To increase ; to find the product of arithmetical fac- tors. L. nviltiplico ,• from multus, many, arid plico, to fold. MULTITUDE, s. A great number; the vulgar. L. multitudo ; multus, many. MULTUM IN PJ1RV0. Much in little space. L. multum, neuter of multus*. much, in, in, parvo, abl. of parvus, little. MUXDAXE. adj. Belonging to the world. L. mundanus; from mun- dus, the world. MUNICIPAL, adj. Belonging or relating to a corporation. L. muni- cipalis ; from municipium, a privileged city, — munus, a gift, and capio, to hold. N MUN— NAT MUNIFICENCE, s. Splendid liberality. L. munificentia ,• from mu- nus, a gift, and facio, to make. MUNITION, s. Ammunition ; materials for war. L. munitio ; from munio, to strengthen. MURAL, adj. Pertaining- to a wall. L. rnuralis ,- from murus, a wall. MURIATES, s. Salts formed by the combination of any base with mu- riatic acid. See MURIATIC. MURIATIC, adj. Having a chemical basis of salt. L. muria, salt water. MUSEUM, s. A repository of curiosities. L. museum: G. mouseion, a place dedicated to the Muses: from mousa, a Muse. MUSIC s. Instrumental or vocal harmony. L. musiea : G. mousike / from mousa, a Muse. MUTABLE, adj. Changeable ; inconstant. L. mutabilis ; from muto, to ohange. MUTATIS MUTANDIS. After making the necessary changes: (in- flections of the L. muto, to change. ) MUTE. adj. Silent. L. mutus : G. muttos ,• from muo, to shut. MUTILATE, v. To deprive of some essential part. L. mutilo; muto, to change, or transform. MUTINY, v. To form a plan of insurrection ; to rise against authority. F. mutiner .• L. mutus, silent; because mutinies are organized in silence. See MUTE. MUTTON, s. The flesh of a sheep. F. mouton, a sheep. MUTUAL, adj. Reciprocal. L. mutuus ,- from muto, to exchange. MYRIAD, s. Ten thousand ; a vast number. G. murias, ten-thousand. MYRMIDON, s. A ruffian ; a mercenary bravo. G. murmedon,- from the Myrmidones, a people who followed Achilles to the Trojan war. MYSTERY, s. Something shut or hidden from the knowledge of the people, and known only by the ancient priests ; something beyond human comprehension. L. mysterium : G. musterion ,• muo, to shut. MYSTIC, or MYSTICAL, adj. Sacredly obscure, as distinguished from mysterious, which applies to common obscurities ; secret ; em- blematical. L. mysticus. See MYSTERY. MYTHOLOGY, s. System of fables ;■ explication of the fabulous his- tory of heathen gods. F. mythologie .- G. muthos, a fable, (from muo, to shut,) and logos, a description. N. NARCOTIC, adj. Promoting sleep. G. narho-o, to stupify. NARRATE, v. To relate. L. narro, to telL NASAL, adj. Relating to the nose. L. nasus? the nose. NASCENT, adj. Rising into existence. L. nascens, part, of nascor, to be born. NATAL, adj. Native ; relating to nativity. L. natalis ,- from natus, part, of nascor, to be born. NATION, s. A people, distinguished from another people, by place of birth, &c. F. nation : L. natio. See NATAL. NATIVE, adj. Produced by nature ; natural ; relating to the place of birth, or production: s. one born in a particular countrv. L. nativus. See NATAL. NAT— NEU NATURE, s. The native state or properties of any thing ; an imagi- nary being", supposed to preside over the material and animal world. L. natura ; from natus, part, ofnascor, to be born. NAUSEOUS, adj. Loathsome. L. nauseosus: G. nausia, sea-sickness; . from naus, a ship. NAUTICAL, adj. Relating to sailors ; naval. G. nautikos ,- from naus, a ship. NAVAL, adj. Relating to ships ; pertaining to a navy. L. navalis. See NAVY. NAVIGATE, v. To pass by water ; to steer. L. riavigo ; from navig, a ship, and ago, to move. NAVY, s.- A national fleet. L. navis, a ship. G. naus,- from nao, to glide. NEBULOUS, adj. Cloudy ; misty. L. nebulosue .- G. nephos, a cloud. NECESSARY, adj. Needful; essential. L. necessarius ,- from we, not, and cessum, sup. of cedo, to depart, or resign. NECROMANCER, s. One who pretends to converse with the dead; a conjurer. G. nekros, dead, and mantis, a prophet. NECTAR, s. A delightful drink. G. nektar, the fabled beverage of the gods. NEFARIOUS, adj. Highly criminal; abominable. L. nefarius ; from nefas, a wicked action: which is from ne, not, and/as, right. NEGATIVE, adj. Not affirmative ; not positive. L. negativus; from nego, to deny: ne, not, and ago, to do. NEGLECT, v. To omit by heedlessness ; to slight. L. neglectum, sup. ofnegligo: nee, not, and lego, to choose. NEGLIGE' E. s. A sort of gown, worn as an undress. F. ntgligi t part, of negllger, to neglect. NEGLIGENCE, s. Habit of neglect ; carelessness. F. negligence. See NEGLECT. NEGOTIATE, v. To traffic ; to treat. L. negotium, time of business 5 comp. of nee, not, and otium, leisure. NEGRO, s. A black man. Spanish, negro : L. niger, black. NEM. CON. An abbreviation of nemine contradicente ,• " no person opposing or disagreeing." L. nemo, no one, and contradico, to speak against. NEM. DISS. An abbreviation of nemine dissentiente, and expressing the same meaning as nem. con. L. nemo, no one, and dissentio t to disagree in opinion. NEPHRITIC, adj. Belonging to the organs of urine ; troubled with the stone ; remedial against the stone. G. nephritikos ; from ne- phros, a rein or kidney. NEPHROTOMY, s. The operation of opening the kidneys ; the ope- ration of cutting for the stone. G. nephros, a kidney, and temno, to cut. NE PLUS ULTRA. Utmost degree. L. ne, not, plus, more, ultra, beyond. NEPOTISM, s. Fondness for nephews. F. nepotisme: L. nepos t a nephew. NEUROLOGY, s. Description of the nerves. G. neuron, a nerve, and logos, a description. NEU—NON NEUROTOMY. s. The anatomy of the nerves. G. neuron, a nerve, and temno, to cut. NEUTER, adj. Neutral ; indifferent ; neither masculine nor feminine. L. neuter, neither. NEUTRAL, adj. Indifferent ; not concerned in a war between other states ; chemically inactive. L. neutralis. See NEUTER. NIGRESCENT, adj. Growing- black. L. nigrescens ,- part, ofnigrescos niger, black. NISI-PEIUS. In England, a judicial writ, by which a sheriff is to assemble a jury at Westminster Hall, on a certain day; unless, before that day, the king's judges go into the sheriff's county, to determine causes. This intention may now be considered as a mere fiction. L. nisi, unless, prius, before. NITROGEN, s. The principle of nitre ; the chief ingredient of atmo- spheric air. L. niirum, nitre, and G. gennao, to generate. NOBLE, adj. Of an ancient and illustrious family ; great ; worthy ; exalted. F. noble: L. nobilis ,- from nolus, (part, of nosco,) known. NOCTURNAL, adj. In the night. L. nociurnus ,- from nox, night. NOLENS VOLENS. Willing- or unwilling. L. nokns, (part, of nolo,) unwilling; and volens, (part, of volo,) willing: the conjunction, signifying or, is understood, and the order of the Latin is inverted in the English translation. NOLLE PROSEQUI. To be unwilling to proceed ; a form used in law, when the plaintiff declines proceeding further ; or when the Attorney-general wishes to withdraw a prosecution. L. nolle, to be unwilling, prosequi, to proceed, or prosecute: from nolo, and pro- sequor. NOMENCLATURE, s. Mode of giving names ; a vocabulary. L. nomenclature .- ncmen, a name. NOMINAL, adj. Referring to names, rather than things ; titular ; not real. L. nominalis ,- from nomen, a name.' NOMINATE, v. To appoint by name. L. nomino, from nomen, a name. NOMINATIVE, s. First case in grammar. L. nominativus ; from no- men, a name ; because it primarily displays the original word, or name of any thing. NONAGE, s. Minority of years. L. non, not, and age. NON ASSUMPSIT. He did not assume, or undertake ; a plea, in law, opposed to assumpsit. L. NONCHALANCE, s. Carelessness ; supineness ; indifference. F. NON COMPOS MENTIS. Not of sound mind ; a phrase opposed to compos mentis. L. NONCONDUCTOR, s. In philosophy, that which does not conduct the electric fluid, heat, sound, &c. L. non, not, and conductor. NONCONFORMIST, s. A dissenter. L. non, not, and conform. NONENTITY, s. A creature of the imagination. L. non, not, and ens, a being. NONES, s. Certain days of the Roman Kalendar, — the 7th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of the remaining months. L. nonse. NON EST INVENTUS. In law, signifies, "he has not been found:" the phrase is familiarly used to denote a sudden disappear- NON— NUD ance, or concealment. L. est, he is, non, not, inventus, found: (wn, sum, and inventor. ) NONEXISTENCE, s. Negation of existence ; a thing not existing. L. non, not, and existence. NONJUROR, s. One who refuses to swear allegiance. L. non, not, and juro, to swear. NONPAREIL, s. That which cannot be matched; excellence un- equaled. F. non, not, and pareil, a match : L. non, and par. NONPLUS, s. Inability to proceed ; a low word. L. non, not, and phis, more. NONSUIT, v. To deprive of the benefit of a legal process, in conse- quence of some failure in the management. L. non, not, and suit. NOSOLOGY, s. Doctrine of diseases. G. nosos, a disease, and logos, a description. NOTA BENE, or N. B. " Observe this particularly.'* N. B. is often used instead of P. S. or postscript ; but a careful writer will avoid this impropriety. L. nota, (imper. of noto,) mark, bene, well. NOTABLE, adj. Remarkable. — (vulgarly, careful.) L. notabilis,- from noto, to mark. NOTARY, s. An official recorder. L. notarius; from noto, to mark. NOTATION, s. The art of recording or describing by scientific marks, as in arithmetic and music. L. notatio ; from noto, to mark. NOTE. v. To observe ; to record. L. noto, to mark. NOTIFY, v. To make known. L. notijico ; comp. of notus, known,' (p. part, of nosco,) and facio, to make. NOTION, s. Idea ; conception of the mind ; sentiment ; opinion. F. notion; from the L. notus, part, of nosco, to know. NOTORIOUS, adj. Extensively known, (used mostly in relation to a bad action. ) L. notorius ; from noto, to mark. NOURISH, v. To support by food; to promote growth or strength; to encourage ; to foment. F. nourrir : L. nutrio, to nurse. NOVEL, adj. New and uncommon. L. novellas, dim. ofnovus, new. NOVEMBER, s. The eleventh month, formerly the ninth, when the year began in March. L. novembris ,- novem, nine. NOVICE, s. An inexperienced person ; one who has entered a con- vent, but has not yet taken the vow. F. novice : L. novus, new. NOVITIATE, s. The state of a novice ; the time in which the rudi- ments are learned ; the time spent in a religious house, by way of trial, before the vow is made. F. noviciat : L. novitius, newly made. See NOVICE. NOVUS HOMO. A term used to denote a man recently emerged from obscurity, or from a state of comparative indigence. L. novus t new, and homo, a man. NOXIOUS, adj. Hurtful. L. noxius ,- from noceo, to hurt. NUCIFEROUS, adj. Nut-bearing. L. nucis, gen. of nux, a nut, and few, to bear. NUCLEUS, s. A kernel ; something about which matter is collected. L. nucleus, a kernel. NUDE. s. A female who exposes her person by the lightness or scan- tiness of her dress. L. nudus, naked. NUDITY, s. Nakedness. F. nudite : L. nudus, naked. N2 NEU— NON NEUROTOMY, s. The anatomy of the nerves. G. neuron, a nerve, and temno, to cut. NEUTER, adj. Neutral 5 indifferent ; neither masculine nor feminine, L. neuter, neither. NEUTRAL, adj. Indifferent ; not concerned in a war between other states ; chemically inactive. L. neutralis. See NEUTER. NIGRESCENT, adj. Growing black. L. nigrescens; part, of nigresco; niger, black. NISI-PRIUS. In England, a judicial writ, by which a sheriff is to assemble a jury at Westminster Hall, on a certain da)^ unless, before that day, the king's judges go into the sheriff's county, to determine causes. This intention -may now be considered as a mere fiction. L. nisi, unless, prius, before. NITROGEN, s. The principle of nitre ; the chief ingredient of atmo- spheric air. L. nitrum, nitre, and G. gennao, to generate. NOBLE, adj. Of an ancient and illustrious family ; great ; worthy ; exalted. F. noble: L. nobills ,• from notus, (part, ofnosco,) known. NOCTURNAL, adj. In the night. L. noctumus ; from nox, night. NOLENS VOLENS. Willing or unwilling. L. nolens, (part, of nolo,) unwilling; and volens, (part, ofvolo,) willing: the conjunction, signifying or, is understood, and the order of the Latin is inverted in the English translation. NOLLE PROSEQUI. To be unwilling to proceed ; a form used in law, when the plaintiff declines proceeding further ; or when the Attorney-general wishes to withdraw a prosecution. L. nolle, to be unwilling, prosequi, to proceed, or prosecute: from nolo, and pro- sequor. NOMENCLATURE, s. Mode of giving names ; a vocabulary. L. nomenclature, : nomen, a name. NOMINAL, adj. Referring to names, rather than things ; titular ; not real. L. nomznalis ,• from nomen, a name." NOMINATE, v. To appoint by name. L. nomino, from nomen, a name. NOMINATIVE, s. First case in grammar. L. nominativus ; from no- men, a name ; because it primarily displays the original word, or name of any thing. NONAGE, s. Minority of years. L. non, not, and age. NON ASSUMPSIT. He did not assume, or undertake ; a plea, in law, opposed to assumpsit. L. NONCHALANCE, s. Carelessness ; supineness ; indifference. F. NON COMPOS MENTIS. Not of sound mind ; a phrase opposed to compos mentis. L. NONCONDUCTOR, s. In philosophy, that which does not conduct the electric fluid, heat, sound, &c. L. non, not, and conductor. NONCONFORMIST, s. A dissenter. L. non, not, and conform. NONENTITY, s. A creature of the imagination. L. non, not, and ens, a being. NONES. $. Certain days of the Roman Kalendar, — the 7th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of the remaining months. L. nonse. NON EST INVENTUS. In law, signifies, "he has not been found:" the phrase is familiarly used to denote a sudden disappear- NON— NUD ance, or concealment. L. est, he is, -non, not, inventus, found: (njm, sum, and invenior.) NONEXISTENCE, s. Negation of existence ; a thing not existing. L. non, not, and existence. NONJUROR, s. One who refuses to swear allegiance. L. non, not^ and juro, to swear. NONPAREIL, s. That which cannot be matched ; excellence un- equaled. F. non, not, and pareil, a match : L. non, and par. NONPLUS, s. Inability to proceed ; a low word. L. non, not, and plus, more. NONSUIT, v. To deprive of the benefit of a legal process, in conse- quence of some failure in the management. L. non, not, and suit. NOSOLOGY, s. Doctrine of diseases. G. nosos, a disease, and logos, a description. NOTJl BENE, or N. B. "Observe this particularly." N. B. is often used instead of P. S. or postscript ,- but a careful writer will avoid this impropriety. L. nota, (imper. of noto,) mark, bene, well. NOTABLE, adj. Remarkable. — (vulgarly, careful.) L. notabilis ; from noto, to mark. NOTARY, s. An official recorder. L. notarius; from noto, to mark. NOTATION, s. The art of recording or describing by scientific marks, as in arithmetic and music. L. notatio ,• from noto, to mark. NOTE. v. To observe ; to record. L. noto, to mark. NOTIFY, v. To make known. L. notifico ; comp. of notus, known, (p. part, ofnosco,) and facio, to make. NOTION, s. Idea ; conception of the mind ; sentiment ; opinion. F. notion; from the L. notus, part, of nosco, to know. NOTORIOUS, adj. Extensively known, (used mostly in relation to a bad action.) L. notorius ; from noto, to mark. NOURISH, v. To support by food; to promote growth or strength ; to encourage ; to foment. F. nourrir : L. nutrio, to nurse. NOVEL, adj. New and uncommon. L. novellas, dim. of novus, new. NOVEMBER, s. The eleventh month, formerly the ninth, when the year began in March. L. novembris ,- novem,nme. NOVICE. 5. An inexperienced person; one who has entered a con- vent, but has not yet taken the vow. F. novice : L. novus, new. NOVITIATE, s. The state of a novice ; the time in which the rudi- ments are learned ; the time spent in a religious house, by way of trial, before the vow is made. F. noviciat ; L. novitius, newly made. See NOVICE. NO VUS HOMO. A term used to denote a man recently emerged from obscurity, or from a state of comparative indigence. L. novus, new, and homo, a man. NOXIOUS, adj. Hurtful. L. noxius ,- from noceo, to hurt. NUCIFEROUS, adj. Nut-bearing. L. nucis, gen. of nux, a nut, and fero, to bear. NUCLEUS, s. A kernel ; something about which matter is collected. L. nucleus, a kernel. NUDE. s. A female who exposes her person by the lightness or scan- tiness of her dress. L. nudus, naked. NUDITY, s. Nakedness. F. nudite .• L. nudus, naked, N2 NUG— OBL NUGATORY, adj. Trifling" ; futile ; insignificant. L. nugalorius, • from nugor, to trifle. NUISANCE, s. Something noxious or offensive ; something that in- commodes the " neighbourhood. F. nuisance: L. nocens, part, of noceo, to hurt. NULL. adj. Of no force ; extinct. L. nullus, none. NUMERAL, adj. Relating to number. F. numeral: L. numerus, a number. NUMERICAL, adj. Containing number ; relating to the number, but not the quality. See NUMERAL. NUMEROUS, adj. Great in number; many. L. numerosus ; from numerus, a number. NUNCUPATIVE, adj. Verbally pronounced ; not written. L. nun~ cupatus : from nuncio, to tell. NUPTIAL, adj. Relating to marriage. L. nuptialis,- from nubo 9 to veil, because the Roman ladies were veiled, at the time of marriage. NURSE, s. A woman that has the care of a child, or of a sick person ; one who rears, educates, or protects. F. nourrtce. See NOURISH. NURTURE, v. To feed ; to bring to maturity ; to educate. F. nour- riture, sustenance. See NURSE. NUTATION, s. Act of nodding or inclining. L. nutatio .- nuio, t© nod. NUTRIMENT, s. Food. L. nutrimentum ,- from nutrio, to nurse. NUTRITIOUS, adj. Nourishing. L nutritius ; from nutrio, to nurse, NYMPH, s. A goddess of the woods, meadows, or waters ; in poetry, a young female. L. nympha: G. numpke, a bride. This sense does not, however, accord either with the heathen, or the present application of the word. O. OBDURATE, adj. Hard of heart ; stubborn ; impenitent. L. obdura* tus, part. o£obduro; ob, against, and duro, to harden. OBEDIENT, adj. Submissive to authority ; obsequious. L. obediens. See OBEY. OBEISANCE, s. An act of submission, or reverence ; a bow, or courtesy. F. obeisance. See OBEY. OBELISK, s. A monument, generally of four sides, and pyramidical; a mark (f ) referring to the margin. L. obeliscus : G. obehs, a spit, or species of weapon used in war. OBESITY, s. High degree of fatness. L. obesus, fat. OBEY. v. To submit to authority ; to comply with. L. obeo, to go to, or be ready at: ob, according to, and eo, to go. OBIIT. v. He (or she) died. L. obeo, to go to, or die. See OBEY. OB'JECT. s. Something thrown or placed before the eye ; something in view ; something acted upon. L. objectus, p. part, of objicio; from ob, before, or against, and jacio, to throw, or place. OBJECT', v. To oppose ; (with to or against.) See the noun. OBJECTIVE, adj. Relating to the object ; s. the third case in the majority of English grammars. See OB ; JECT. OBLATE, adj. Partaking of flatness. L. oblatus, (p. part, ofoffero?) Struck, or forced: ob, against, and fero, to bear. OBL— OCC OBLATION. *. A religious sacrifice. L. oblatus, p. part, of offtro, te offer. OBLIGATION. 8. Binding- power ; contract ; duty ; favour conferred. L. obligatio. See OBLIGE. OBLIGE, v. To bind; to compel; to do a kind action, and thus bind the person favoured, by a tie of gratitude. F. obliger ; L. obligo ; ob, according- to, or by reason of, and llgo, to bind: OBLIQUE, adj. Not direct ; not parallel ; not perpendicular. L. ob- liquus ; from ob, against, or about, and lictus, p. part, of linquo, tu leave, or forsake. OBLITERATE, v. To blot out} to destroy. L. oblitero ; comp. of ob, ag-ainst, and liter a, a letter. OBLIVION, s. Forg-etfulness ; amnesty. L. oblivio / from ob, against, and lavo, to wash. OBLOQUY, s. Censure ; slander ; reproach. L. obloquor, to reproach; comp. of ob, against, and loquor, to speak. OBNOXIOUS, adj. Injurious ; considered with aversion. L. obnoxius; ob, against, and noceo, to hurt. OBSCURE, adj. Dark; abstruse; little known. L. obscurus : G. skieros, shady ; skia, a shadow. OBSEQUIES, s. Funeral solemnities. F. obseques ,- from the L. ob- sequium, attendance on some great person: obsequor, to follow. OBSEQUIOUS, adj. Meanly compliant. L. obsequiosus; from ob, according to, and seqicor, to follow. OBSERVE, v. To watch ; to regard attentively ; to note ; to keep religiously. L. observo; ob, opposite to, and servio, to keep. OBSOLETE, adj. Disused. L. obsoletus ,• from obsoleo ; ob, against, and soleo, to use. OBSTACLE, s. Obstruction ; hindrance. F. obstacle : L. ob, against, and sto, to stand. OBSTETRIC, adj. Relating to midwifery. L. obstetrix, a midwife. OBSTINATE, adj. Stubborn. L. obstinatus, part, of obstino : comp^ of ob, against, and teneo, to hold. OBSTRUCT, v. To place an obstacle in the way ; to impede ; to hin- der. L. obstruction, sup. of obstruo ,• from ob, against, and struo, to pile up. OBTAIN, v. To gain ; to acquire ; to procure. L. obtineo : ob, against, and teneo, to hold. OBTRUDE, v. To thrust one's-self in the way ; to offer intrusively. L. obtrudo ,• from ob, against, and trudo, to thrust. OBTRUSION, s. The act of obtruding. L. obtrusus, p. part, of ob- trudo. See OBTRUDE. OBTUSE, adj. Blunt ; — opposed to acute. L. obtusus, p. part, of ob- tundo ; comp. of ob, against, and tundo, to beat; — that is, made blunt by being beaten. OBVIATE, v. To avert or remove, by meeting the obstruction in its way or passage. L. ob, against, and via, & way. 1 OBVIOUS, adj. Easily perceived. L. obvius, meeting in the way j comp. of ob, against, and via, a way. ©CCASION. s. Occurrence ; incident ; opportunity. Lr. occasio,- from ob, for, or against, and casus, a chance. OCC— OFF OCCIDENTAL, adj. Western. L. occidentalism occidens, the west: from occido, to fall down ; alluding to the setting- of the sun. OCCLUSION, s. Act of shutting up. L. occlusio ; from ob, against, and clausum, sup. of claudo, to shut. OCCULT, adj. Hidden ; abstruse. L. occultus ; p. part, of occulo, to hide. OCCUPY, v. To hold. L. occupo ; comp. of ob, before, and capio, to take. OCCUR, v. To enter into the mind ; to happen. L. occurro ,- from ob, against, and curro, to run. OCELLATED. adj. Resembling the eye. L. ocellatus ; oculus, an eye. OCTAGON, s. A figure containing eight sides and angles. G. okto, eight, and gonia, a corner. OCTANGULAR, adj. Having eight angles. L. odo, eight, and an- gulus, an angle. OCTAVE, s. In music, an eighth, or an interval of eight sounds. L» octavus, eight. OCTAVO, s. A book, each leaf of which is equal in size to the eighth part of a sheet. L. abl. of octavus, the eighth. OCTENNIAL, adj Happening every eighth year; lasting eight years. L. odo, eight, and annus, a year. OCTOBER, s. The tenth month ; formerly the eighth, when the year began in March. L. odober ,• from odo, eight. OCTUPLE, adj. Eightfold. L. octuplus ,- from odo, eight. OCULAR, adj. Relating to perception by sight. F. oculaire : L. ocu- lus, an eye. OCULIST, s. An eye-surgeon. L. oculus, an eye. ODE. s. A poem intended to be sung. G. ode,- from aeido, to sing. ODIOUS, adj. Hateful ; detestable. L. odiosus. See ODIUM. ODIUM, s. Quality of provoking dislike ; disgrace. L. odium, dislike. ODOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring the length of roads. G. odos, a way, and metreo, to measure. ODORIFEROUS, adj. Fragrant. L. odorifer ,• from odor, scent, and few, to bring. OFFEND, v. To displease ; to transgress. L. offendo, to strike against. OFFENSIVE, adj. Offending ; assailing ; opposed to defensive ; dis- pleasing ; disgusting ; painful. F. offensif: L. ojfensus, p. part, of offendo. See OFFEND. OFFER, v. To present ; to attempt. L. offero ,- comp. of ob, for, or against, and/era, to bring. OFFICE, s. A public charge or employment 5 agency ; business ; a place for transacting business. F. office: L. officium ,- comp. of ob, for, and facio, to do. OFFICIAL, adj. Relating to an office; published by the proper office, and thus made authentic. F. official See OFFICE. OFFICIATE, v. To perform the business of an office. See OFFICE. OFFICIOUS, adj. Though this word ori ^h: ai Jy expressed doing good offices, which meaning is in exact ace -dance with its etymology, it is now rarely used except to denote intrusively active. F. officieux: L. officiosus. See OFFICE. OIL— OPP OIL. s. The expressed juice of olives ; any thin, greasy matter. L. oleum ,- olea, an olive tree. OLEAGINOUS, adj. Oily. L. oleaginus ; from oka, an olive tree, and genus, a kind. See OIL. OLFACTORY, adj. Having the sense of smelling. F. olfactoire .• L. olfacio, to smell to. OLIGARCHY, s. Government by a few. G. oligarchia,- from oligos, a few, and arche, government. OLYMPIAD, s. A period of four years, or that space of time which elapsed between the periodical celebration of the Olympic games. The first of these great celebrations, at Olympia, in Peloponnesus, occurred 779 years before Christ, and 22 before the foundation of Rome. OMEN. s. A prognostic. L. omen : G. oimai, to consider, or suppose. OMINOUS, adj. Prognosticating 5 betokening ; generally considered inauspiciously, or in an unfavourable sense. L. ominosus. See OMEN. OMISSION, s. The act of omitting ; thing omitted. L. omissus, p. part, of omitto. See OMIT. OMIT. v. To leave out ; to neglect. L. omitto ,- ob, signifying aside, and mitto, to send. OMNIPOTENT, adj. Almighty. L. omnipotent; comp. of omnis, all, and pot em, (part, of possum,) being able. OMNIPRESENT, adj. In every place. L. omnis, all, and praesens s being present. OMNISCIENT, adj. Knowing every thing. L. omnis, all, and sciens, part, of scio, to know. OMNIUM, s. The aggregate of certain portions of different stocks in the English funds. L. omnium, of all ; gen. pi. of omnis. ONEROUS, adj. Burthensome ; oppressive. L. onerosus ,• from onus, a burthen. ONOMANCY. s. Pretended divination by a name. G. onoma, a name, and manteia, a foretelling. ONTOLOGY, s. The doctrine of being or existence. G. on, being, and logos, a description. ONUS FROBANDL The burthen of proving. L. onus, a burthen, and proband* , gen. gerund oi'probo, to prove. OPACITY, s. Cloudiness 5 want of transparency. F. opacite : L. opa- citas. See OPAQUE. OPAQUE, adj. Cloudy; not transparent. F. opaque: L. opacus ; from opaco, to shade. OPERATE, v. To act; to produce effect. L. operor ,• from opus, work. OPEROSE. adj. Requiring much labour. L. operosus. See OPE- RATE. OPHTHALMIA, s. A disorder of the eyes. G. ophthalmos, an eye. OPIATE, s. A medicine that promotes sleep. G. opion, the juice of poppies. OPINION, s. Conjecture; sentiments ; judgment. L. opinio ,- from opinor, to think. OPPONENT, s. One who opposes. L. opponens 3 (part, of oppon^} opposing. See OPPOSE. OPP— ORG OPPORTUNITY, s. Convenient point of time ; convenience. L. op* portunltas ; from ob, in the way of, and porto, to cany. OPPOSE, v. To stand in front ; to act against ; to obstruct ; to hinder. L. oppositum, sup. ofoppono,- from ob, against, and pono, to place. OPPOSITE, adj. Standing in front ; contrary. See OPPOSE. OPPRESS, v. To crush ; to tyrannise over. L. oppressum, sup. of opprimo ; ob, against, and premo, to press. OPPROBRIOUS, adj. Reproachful ; scurrilous. L. opprobrium, dis- grace: ob, against, and probrum, deformity. OPPUGN, v. To oppose; to resist. L. oppugno ; ob, against, and pugno, to fight. OPTICIAN, s. One skilled in optics; a maker of optical instruments. See OPTICS. OPTICS, s. The science of the laws of vision. G. ops, an eye. OPTIMISM. s. The doctrine that every thing is ordered for the best. F. optimisme ; from the L. optimus, best. OPTION, s. Power of choosing ; choice. L. optio ; from opto, to choose. OPULENT, adj. Wealthy. L. opulens ; opes, riches; from opts, power. ORACLE, s. One who conveys information by supernatural wisdom ; or by pretended supernatural wisdom, as the oracle at Delphos ; the place where the information is delivered ; a person famed for wis- dom. L, oraculum ,- oro, to speak. ORAL. adj. Delivered by the mouth; not written. F. oral: L. oris, gen. of os, the mouth. ORATOR, s. A petitioner ; a public speaker ; a man of eloquence. L. orator ,• from oro, to entreat. ORB. s. A sphere ; circular body ; circle ; line described by a planet. L. orbis, a round thing of any kind. ORBICULAR, adj. Spherical ; circular. See ORB. ORBIT, s. The line described by the revolution of a planet. L. orbita. See ORB. ORCHESTRA, or ORCHESTRE. s. The place where the musicians sit in a theatre, or ball room. G. orchestra,- from orcheomai, t© dance, — alluding to the dancing choristers of a Greek theatre. ORDAIN, v. To appoint ; to decree ; to invest with the sacerdotal office. L. ordino ,- from ordo, a rule or law. ORDINAL, adj. Relating to numerical position ; as, first, second, third. L. ordinalis ,- from ordo, order or rank. ORDINANCE, s. A law ; appointment. F. ordonnance. See OR* DAIN. ORDINARY, adj. Established; common; of low rank. L. ordina- rius. See ORDAIN. ORDINATION, s. Established order or tendency ; investment of the sacerdotal office. L. ordinatio. See ORDAIN. ORGAN, s- Natural instrument ; as the ear, which is the organ of hearing, — the eye, of sight ; a sort of musical instrument. F. or- gone : G. organon, an instrument : cge, force ; or ergon, work. ORGANIZE, v. To arrange, so that ail the parts may co-operate. See ORGAN. ORGIES, s. Frantic revels. G. orgia; from orge, vehement ardour. ORI— OXY . ORIENTAL, adj. Eastern. F. oriental,- L. oriens, the east ; from orior, to arise. ORIFICE. s. An opening", or perforation. L. orificium ,- from oris, gen. of 05, a mouth, or gap, and facio, to make. ORIGIN, s. Beginning; source. L. origo ,- from orior, to arise. ORIGINAL, adj. Primitive ; not copied from another. L. originalis. See ORIGIN. ORISONS. *. Prayers. F. oraisons : L. oro, to entreat. ORNAMENT, s. Embellishment. L. ornamentum ,• orno, to adorn. ORNITHOLOGY, s. A description of birds. G. ornithos, gen. ofornis, a bird, and logos, a word or description. ORPHAN, s. A child who has lost both of its parents, or one of its parents. G. orphanos, destitute. ORTHODOXY, s. Supposed infallibility of opinion and doctrine. G. orihodoxia ; orihos, right, and dokeo, to perceive. ORTHOEPY, s. The science of right pronunciation. G. orihos, right, and epos, a word. ORTHOGON. s. A rectangular figxire. G. orihos, right, and gonia, an angle. ORTHOGRAPHY, s. Knowledge of spelling. G. orihos, right, and grapho, to write. OSCILLATION, s. The act of moving backward and forward like a pendulum. L. oscillum, an image, suspended and swung in the air, by the heathen worshipers. G. ossio-o, to render holy. OSSIFY, v. To change to bone. L. os, a bone, a.nd Jio, to become. OSTENSTVE. adj. Avowed ; shown. F. ostensif: L. ostensus, p. part, of osiendo,- ob, opposite to, and tendo, to stretch forth. OSTENTATION, s. Ambitious display; vain show. L. ostentatio. See OSTENSIVE. OSTRACISM, s. Public sentence inscribed, by each voter, upon a shell. G. ostrakismos ,• from ostrakon, a shell. OUTRE', adj. Uncommon ; different from the usual mode. F. OVAL. adj. ' Nov quite round, but oblate at the ends or poles. F. ovale, • L. ovum, an egg. OVATION, s. A lesser Roman triumph. L. ovatio; from ovis, a sheep; because, on this occasion, the victor sacrificed a sheep ; but, in the greater triumph, he sacrificed a bull. OVERPLUS, s. Surplus. Compounded of over, and L. plus, more. OVERT, adj. Open ; public. F. ouvert, part, of ouvrir, to open. OVERTURE, s. First proposal ; musical prelude. F. ouverture ,• from ouvrir, to open ; — that is, to begin. OVIFORM, s. Having- the form of an egg". L. ovum, an eg-g, and forma, shape. OVIPAROUS, adj. Bringing forth eggs. L. ovum, an egg, and pario, to bring forth. OXALIC, adj. The acid denominated oxalic, is found in the juice of sorrel. L. oxalis, wild sorrel. OXIDE, s. Any substance combining oxygen, in a proportion not suf- ficient to produce acidity. See OXYGEN. OXYGEN, s. The principle of acids, and of combustion, and a neces- sary agent in the support of animal life. G. oxus, an acid, and gen- nao, to generate. OYE— PAN OYER AND TERMINER. A judicial commission given "to hear and determine." F. oyer, to hear, and terminer, to end or de- termine. PABULUM, s. Food ; support. L. from pasco, to feed. PACE. s. A step made by projecting or expanding the foot; progress. F. pas. See PASS. PACIFY, v. To appease. F. pacifier: L. pacifico ; comp. of pax, peace, and facio, to make. PAIR. s. Two things, suiting one to another, as a pair of gloves ; a male and female 5 two of a sort. F. paire : L. par ,- from the ad- jective par, even in number, two. PALACE, s. A royal house ; a house eminently splendid. The Pala- tinus Mons, or Mount Palatine, was the site upon which Romulus laid the first foundation of Rome ; where also he kept his court ; as did Augustus, and all the succeeding- emperors of Rome : from which circumstance, the word palatium, or palace, has, ever since, been applied to the residence of a monarch, or prince. PALE. s. A rail or post ; an enclosure ; district. L. palus, a. post. PALINDROME, s. A word or sentence, which is the same, read back- ward or forward, as "madam." G. palmdromia ,• palin, again, or backwards, and dromos, a running. PALINODE, s. A recantation. G. palinodia; palin, again, and ode, a song. PALISADE, s. A defence made of pales. F. palisade : L. palus, a post. PALLADIUM, s. Properly, a statue of Pallas, (Minerva,) which, it was said, fell from heaven, and on the preservation of winch, it was imagined, depended the safety of Troy: it was accordingly stolen from the city, by Ulysses and Diomedes. Palladium is generally used to denote some great preserver of a country's liberty ; as the trial by jury, or freedom of the press. PALLEASSE. s. A bed made of straw, firmly compressed, and in- closed in ticking. F. paillasse; paille: L. palea, straw. PALLET, s. A small bed. F. paille, straw. PALLIATE, v. To cloak ; to cover with excuse. L. palli? ; from pallium, a cloak. PALLID, adj. Pale. L. pallidus, pale. PALMISTRY, s. The pretended art of predicting, by viewing the lines of the hand. L. palma, the palm of the hand. PALPABLE, adj. Perceptible by the touch ; easily detected. F. palpable ,• from palpor, to feci in the dark, or grope. PALPITATE, v. To beat as the heart. L. palpito, to pant. PALSY, s. An abbreviation of Paralysis. PANACEA, s. A universal medicine. G. panakeia; pan, all, and alms, a cure. PAN ADO. s. Food made cf bread and water. L. panis, bi*ead. PANDECT, s. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any sci- ence ; me digest of the civil law. L. pandecta : G. pan t all, and cfe- chomai, to admit. PAN— PAR PANEGYRIC, s. An encomiastic composition ; praise. F. panegy- rique: G. paneguris ; pan, all, and agureo, to collect; meaning", to rehearse all worthy deeds. PANNEL. s. A square, or piece of any matter, inserted between other bodies ; an oblong- piece of parchment, (or Utile pane,) in which the sheriff returns the names of the jurors. Dim. of the F. parmeuu, a pane. PANOPLY, s. Complete armour. G. panoplia ,- from pan, all, and opla, armour. PANORAMA, s. A very large painting-, extended in a kind cf theatre, and exhibiting a view of a city, or of some grandly interesting occur- rence, such as a conflagration or a battle. G. pan, all, and orama 9 a view. PANTHEON, s. A temple of all the heathen gods; a book describing the heathen gods. G. pantheion ,• comp. ol pun, ali, and tkeos, a god. PANTOMIME, s. A theatrical drama of action, without speech. F. pantomime,' G. pan, all, and mimos, a mimic. PANTRY. 5. A closet for provisions. F. paneirie ; pain, bread: L. panis, bread. PAPAL, adj. Relating to the Pope. L,,papa, a fond name for father. G. pappus. PAPAVEROUS, adj. Resembling poppies. L. papaver, a poppy. PAPER, s. In French, papier,- from papyrus, an Egyptian shrub ; of which, paper was originally made. PAPILLARY, adj. Having vessels resembling teats. L. papilla, a nipple, or teat. PAR. s. State of equality ; equal value. L. par, equal. PARABLE, s. A similitude. G. parabole ,• eornp. of para, alike, and ballo, to deliver, or teach ; — that is, to teach one thing, by another which resembles it. PARADE, s. Show ; review or exercise of a military corps ; place of military exercise. F. parade .• L. pareo, to appear. PARADISE, s. Garden of Eden ; celestial abode. G. paradeisos, a garden: from a Hebrew word, denoting a place set with fruitful trees. PARADOX, s. A position seemingly absurd, because contrary to some received opinion, — yet, true in fact. G. paradoxus ; para, contrary to, and doxos, an opinion. PARAGOGE, s. A figure, by which a letter or syllable is affixed to a word, without adding any thing to its sense. G. paragoge ; parago, to extend. PARAGON, s. A model ; something extremely well formed. G. para, from, and ago, to form. PARAGRAPH, s. A distinct part of a discourse. G. paragraphe ,• from para, through, and grapho, to write: meaning, through the subject. PARALLAX, s. The distance between the true and apparent place of the sun, or any star, viewed from the earth. G. parallaxis, a differ- ence : para, through, and allato, to change. PARALLEL, adj. Extended in the same direction, and preserving O PAR— PAR always the same distance ; equal ; like. G. parallelos ,• from para, by the side, and alios, another. PARALLELOGRAM, s. A right lined quadrilateral figure, the oppo- site sides of which are parallel and equal. G. parallelos, (see pa- rallel,) and gramma, a fig-ure. PARALOGY, s. False reasoning". G. para, against, and logos, reason. PARALYSE, v. To effect by a paralysis ; to enfeeble by contention. See PARALYSIS. PARALYSIS, s. A palsy. G. paralusis ; from para, through, and luo, to untie ; meaning the sinews, &c. PARAMOUNT, adj. Superior. G. para, above, and F. monter, to go up. PARAMOUR, s. A lover, or wooer ; a mistress. F. par, for, and amour, love, or a love intrigue. PARAPHERNALIA, s. Goods in which a wife has a legal property, besides her dower ; suitable apparel and ornaments of a wife. G. para, besides, and pherne, a dower. PARAPHRASE, s. A loose translation. G. para, alike, or resembling, and phrasis, a speech. PARASITE, s. One who frequents the tables of the rich, and earns his welcome by flattery. But, in the early ages, the name of para- site, was venerable, for it properly signified a messmate at the table of sacrifices. There was in Greece a college of persons, particularly honoured with this title, whose business it was to select the grain, &c. for the public offerings. G. parasitos ; from para, over, and sitos, corn. PARASOL, s. A portable shelter from the sun. G. para, against, and L. sol, the sun. PARDON, v. To excuse an offender ; to forgive a crime. F. par- dormer ; from the L. per, by or through, and dono, to give. PAREGORIC, s. An assuaging medicine. G. parcgoreo, to mitigate. PARENT, s. A father or mother. F. parent ; L. parens ,• from pario, to beget, or bring forth. PARENTHESIS, s. A word or sentence, so included within another sentence, as that it may be omitted, without injuring the sense of that which encloses it. Marked thus ( ). G. para, with, en, in, and thesis, a position. PAR EXCELLENCE. By way of eminence. F. par, by, and ex- cellence, excellence. PARHELION. 5. A mock sun, or contiguous resemblance of the sun. G.para, near, and helios, the sun. PARIETAL, adj. Relating to the parietes. See PARIETES. PARIETES. s. In anatomy, a term used for the enclosures, or mem- branes, which stop up or close the hollow parts of the body ; such as those of the heart and thorax. L. pi. of paries, a wall. PARI PASSU. With an equal pace ; by an equal gradation. L. pari, with an equal, passu, pace: abl. of par, and passus. PARISH, s. The particular charge of a secular priest; the district which contributes to the support of a clergyman of the established church. Low L. parochia: F. paroisse.- G. paroikia: para, near to, and oikeo, to dwell; — referring to an ancient convent .• the inha- PAR— PAR bitants of which had the charge of a district, such as we now deno- minate a parish. PARITY, s. Equality. Y.pariU: L. paritas ,• from par, equal. PARLEY, s. Conference ; short treaty. F. purler, to speak. PARLIAMENT, s. The ancient legislative assembly of the states of France ; the present British legislature. F. parlement, (formerly, parliament,) from parler, to speak. PARLOUR, s. A domestic sitting-room. F. par loir ; from parler, to speak, or converse. PAROCHIAL, adj. Relating to a parish. See PARISH. PARODY, s. A literary imitation. G. parodia,- para, opposite to, and ode, a song ; that is, a different subject, in the same style. PAROLE, s. Words spoken, not written ; a verbal pledge of honour. F. parole, a word. PAROXYSM, s. Periodical action of a disease ; a fit. G. paroxusmos; from para, through, and oxuno, to sharpen. PARRICIDE, s. The murder of a parent, or any near relation. L. pa- ricidium : — one who has murdered a parent, or any near relation: paricidia : from parens, a parent, and csedo, to kill. PARSE, v. To analyze a sentence, into the several parts of speech. L partio, to divide. PARSIMONY, s. Extreme frugality ; sordid inclination for hoarding. L. parsimonia ,- from parco, to spare or save. PARSON, s. The priest of a parish. See PARISH. PART. s. A portion; member; share, &c. L. pars ; partio, to divide. PARTAKE, v. To have a part of, Comp. of part, and take. PARTERRE, s. A selected piece of ground, separated by a fence. F. parterre ,• parti, divided, and terre, land. PARTIAL, adj. Favouring one party ; affecting only one part. F. partial. See PART. PARTICIPATE, v. To partake ; to share. L. participo ; from pars, a part, and capio, to take. PARTICIPLE, s. A word which, besides its primary quality of verb, partakes occasionally of the quality of a substantive and adjective. L. participium. See PARTICIPATE. PARTICLE, s. Any small portion of a greater substance ; a (little) word unvaried by inflection. L. particula, dim. of pars, a part. PARTICULAR, adj. Single ; distinct ; not general ; uncommon, &c. L. particula, a small part. See PARTICLE. PARTISAN, s. An adherent to a faction ; a commander of a body of troops, who, through patriotism, or some private motive, acts in con- cert with the regular army. See PARTY. PARTITION, s. Act of dividing; that which divides. L. partitio ; partitus, p. part, of partio, to divide. PARTITIVE, adj. In grammar, signifies distributive ; as each, or every. L. partio, to part or divide : pars, a part. PARTURITION, s. State of travail, or labour. L. parturio, to be in travail ; from partus, p. part, of pario, to bring forth young. PARTY, s. A number of persons confederated in opposition to others; PAS— PAU a faction ; one, of two or more litigants ; a select assembly, &c. F. partiS. See PART. PASCHAL, adj. Relating" to the passover. G. pascha, a passing- over. PASS. v. To go ; to move from one place to another ; to be at an end, &c. F. passer .• L. passus, a step. PJISSIM. In various places ; here and there: a term used by authors, when referring generally to the writings of another, without seve- rally quoting the pages. L. passim, every where. PASSIVE, adj. Unresisting ; suffering ; not active, but being the ob- j , ct of action. L. passivus ,- from potior, to suffer. PAST. adj. Neither present nor future ; gone through. See PASS. PASTOR, s. A shepherd ; a clergyman. L. pastor ,• pasco, to feed. PASTURE, s. Grazing land. F. pasture : L. pastus ,- from pasco, t© feed. PATENT, s. An exclusive privilege. Letters patent, or "open let- ters," are so called, because they are not sealed up, but exposed to open view, with the great seal pendant at the bottom. PATERNAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to a father. L. paternus ; from pater, a father. PATER-NOSTER. s. The name of the Lord's Prayer, by the Roman Catholic church ; because, pater and noster, (our father,) are the first two words of that prayer. L. pater, a father, and noster, our. PATHETIC, adj. Affecting the finer passions. G. pathetikos. See PATHOS. PATHOLOGY, s. That part of medical science which treats of the distempers incident to the human body, with their differences, causes, and effects. G. pathos, a disease, and logos, a description. PATHOS, s. Strong feeling ; the feeling or expression of some pas- sion ; energy. G. pathos, passion. PATIENT, adj. Not easily provoked 5 calm under affliction. L. pa- tiens ,- from potior, to suffer. PATIENT, s. A person suffering pain, in consequence of disease. See the adjective. PATRIARCH, s. The father of a tribe. G. patriarches ; comp. ofpa- tria, a family, and archos, a chief. PATRICIAN, adj. Senatorial; noble; not plebeian. L. patricius ,- pater, a father. PATRICIDE, s. Murder of a father. L. patris, gen. of pater, a father, and csedo, to kill. PATRIMONY, s. An estate possessed by inheritance. L. pairimonium; pater, a father. PATRIOT, s. An active lover of his country. L. patria, one's country, or native soil. PATRON, s. One who countenances, supports, or protects ; one who has the appointment to an ecclesiastical preferment. F. patron : L. patronus ,- pater, a father, PATRONYMIC, s. A name expressing that of the father or ancestor: as, Tydides, the son of Tydeus ; O'Neil, the son of Neil, Mac Gre- gor, the son of Gregor. G. patronumikos ; from pater, a father, and onoma, a name. PAUCITY, s. Smallness of number. L. paucitas ,- from pauci, few, PAU— PEL PAUPER, s. A poor person ; one who receives alms. L. pauper, poor. PAUSE, s. A stop ; cessation. F. pause : L. positus, p. part, of pom, to place, or lay, or set down. PEACE, s. Reconciliation of differences ; respite from war ; rest ; quiet. Y.paix: L. pax ; from pactus, p. part, of pango, to agree upon, or contract. PEASANT, s. One whose business is rural labour. F. paysan; pays, a country. PECCANT, adj. Criminal ; corrupt ; injurious to health. F. peccant.- L. peccans, part, of pecco, to sin. PECCAVI. s. "I have sinned." To make a person " cry peccavi," is, in cant language, to compel him to acknowledge his transgres- sion. L. from pecco, to sin. PECTORAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the breast. L. pectoralis; pectus, the breast. PECULATION, s. Robbery of the public ; theft of public money. L. peculor, to rob the public: probably from pecunia, money. PECUNIARY, adj. Relating to money. L. pecuniarily „• from pecunia, money. Pliny says, that the first Roman coins, bearing an impres- sion, were made by order of Servius Tullus, and stamped with the resemblance of sheep and oxen ; hence, pecunia is derived from pecus, a flock of sheep, or other cattle. PEDAGOGUE, s. Originally signified a teacher of children, generally? but now it refers only to a pedantic teacher. L. pedagogus : G. paidagogos ,• pais, a boy, or girl, and ago, to guide. PEDAL, s. Something designed to be acted upon by the foot ; as the pedal of an organ, harp, or piano-forte. L. pedalis ; pedis, gen. of pes, a foot. PEDANT s. Originally meant one who taught children ; but the term is now applied to a man vain of low knowledge, or awkwardly osten- tatious of his literature. F. pedant : G. paidos, gen. of pais, a boy^ or girl. PEDESTAL, s. The base of a statue or pillar. F. piedestal: L. pedis, gen. of pes, a foot. PEDESTRIAN, s. One who travels on foot. L. pedester, performed on foot: pes, a foot. PEDICLE, s. That by which the leaf or fruit is fixed to the tree. L, pediculus ,• dim. of pes, a foot. PEDLER. s. A pedestrian dealer. See PEDESTRIAN. PEDOBAPTIST. s. One who adheres to the practice of infant bap- tism. G. paidos, gen. of pais, a child, and baptizo, to baptize. PEDOMETER, s. An instrument for showing how far a person has walked. L. pedis, gen. of pes, a foot, and G. metreo, to mea- sure. PEER. s. An equal; a nobleman, (the several degrees of peers having' • the same privileges.) Y.pair.- L. par, equal. PELLI'.LE. s. A thin skin ; a film, ^.pellicula, dim. of pellis, a skin* PELLUCID, adj. Transparent. L. pellucidus ; from per, through* and luceo, to shine. PELTRY. 5. Skins. L. pe&s, a skin. €2 PEN— PER PEN. s. An instrument for writing-. L. penna, a quill-feather, or a pen. PENAL, adj. "Denouncing- or enacting punishment ,• used for punish- ing-. F. penal: L. poena* punishment. PENALTY, s. Punishment ; fine. See PENAL. PENANCE, s. Punishment inflicted or suffered as an expression of repentance. L. poena, punishment. PENCHANT, s. Inclination ; desire. F. from pencher, to incline. PENDANT, s. Something suspended ; a small naval flag. F. pen- dant .- L. pendeo, to hang. PENDENT, adj. Hanging. L. pendens, part, of pendeo, to hang. PENDENTE LITE. Whilst the suit or contest is pending and un- determined. L. from pendeo* to hang, and lis, a dispute, or action at law. PENDING, adj. Remaining undecided ,- during-. See PENDENT. PENDULUM, s. Any weight suspended, so that it may perform oscil- lations of equal time , the vibrating movement of a clock. L. pen- deo, to hang. PENETRATE, v. To pierce } to enter ; to reach the meaning. L» peneiro ,- penitus, within. PENINSULA, s. A tract of land almost surrounded by water. L. pene, almost, insula, an island. PENITENT, adj. Repentant. L. poenitens, part, of pceniteo? from. poena, punishment, pain, remorse. PENNATED. adj. Winged:— pennated, in botanical language, refers to those leaves which grow directly, one against another, on the same rib or stalk. L. pennatus ,- penna, a feather, or wing. PENSION, s. Pecuniary allowance, given at regular periods, as a re- ward of service, or through charity. F. pension : L. pensus, p. part, of pendo, to pay. PENSIVE, adj. Sorrowfully thoughtful. F. pensif? from penser, t& thmk. . L. penso : pendu, to weigh, or consider on. PENTAGON, s. A figure with five angles. G. pence, five, and gonia y a corner, or angle. PENTAMETER, s. A Latin verse of five feet. L. pentametrum : G. pente, five, and metrou, measure. PENTANGULAR, adj. Five cornered. G. pente, five, and angular. PENTATEUCH. *. The five books of Moses. G. pente, five, and teuchos, a volume. PENTECOST, s. One of the Jewish feasts ; Whitsuntide. G. pente- eoete, fifty ; because celebrated fifty days after the passover. PENULTIMATE, adj. Last except one. L. penultiinus ; comp. of pene, almost, and ultimus, the last. PENUMBRA, s. An imperfect shadow. L. pene, almost, and umbra, a shadow. PENURIOUS, adj. Niggardly ; sordidly mean. L. penuria, scarcity. PENURY, s. Poverty ; indigence. L. penuria, want. PEPTIC, adj. Promoting digestion. G. pepio, to boil or digest. PER ADVENTURE, adv^ Perhaps. L, per, by, and adventure , mean- ing, a chance. PERAMBULATE, v. To walk through ; to visit the boundaries. L. perombulo .,• per, through, and ambulo, to walk. PER— PER PER ANNUM. By the year ; for every year. L. per, by, and annum, accus. of annus, a year. PERCE1 l E v. To know, through the medium of the senses ; to ob- serve. F. appercevoiri L- percipio ; per, through, and capio, t« take. PERCENT. By the hundred ; for every hundred. L. per, by, and centum, a hundred- PERCEPTION, s. The faculty or act of perceiving-. L. perceptio ; fus, p. pavt. of perd'pio. See PERCEIVE. PERCIPIENT. a$\ HavingYne power of perception. L. percipiens, part, ot'per&'pio, co perceive. PERCOLATE. i>. To strain, or filter. L. percolo, to filter: joer, through, and coh, icokre,) to strain. PERCUSSION, s. The act of striking-, or shaking violently. L. per- cuss-to ; from percutio, to strike : per, through, and quatio, to shake. PER DIEM. By the day ; for every day. L. per, by, and diem, accus. of dies, a day. PERDITION, s. Destruction: eternal damnation. L. perditio ,• from perdo, to lose. PEREGRINATION, s. Travel. L. peregrinatio ; from per, through* and ager, a field, or country. PEREMPTORY, adj. Absolute; dictatorial. L. peremptorius ,- from peri mo, to take away wholly: that is, to remove all excuse for nonperformance. PERENNIAL, adj. Lasting- through the whole year ; perpetuaL L. perenms ,- comp. cf per, through, and av.nus, a year. PERFECT, adj. Complete ; without blemish. L.perfectus, p. part. of perficio, to finish: comp. of per, throughout, and facio, to make. PERFIDY, s. Treachery. L. perfidia ,- from per, through, and fides, trust. PERFLATION, s. Act of blowing- through. L. perflatus, p. part, of perflo ,- per, through, and Jio, to blow. PERFORATE, v. To bore ; to pierce. L. perforo ; from per, through, and foro, to bore. PERFORM, v. To finish ; to execute ; to do. L. per, throughout, and for mo, to frame. PERFUME, v. To impregnate with sweet scent. F. parfume: L. per, throughout, xn&fumus, smoke, or vapour. PERICARDIUM, s.. A memL>rane which envelops the heart. G. peri, about, and Jcardia, the heart. PERiCARPIUM. 5. A membrane which envelops the fruit or grain of a plant ; or that part of the fruit which encompasses the seed. G. peri, about, Jcarpos, fruit. PERICRAMUM. s. A membrane which covers the skull. G. peri, about, and kranion, the skull. PERIGEE, s. A point in the heavens, where a planet is in its nearest distance from the earth. G. peri, towards, andge, the earth. PERHIELIUM, or PERIHELION, s. That point of a planet's orbit, wherein it is nearest to the sun. G. peri, towards, and heb.os, the sun. PERIL, s. Danger ; hazard. F. peril: L. per kulum. See PERISH, PER— PER PERIOD. 5. A round of time ; a conclusion ; a point of time ; a gram- matical point (.). G. periodos; comp. of peri, through, or around, and odos, a way. PERIPATETIC, adj. Relating to the peripatetics ; to the philosophy of Aristotle and his followers, who taught whilst walking. G. peri, about, and pateo, to walk. PERIPHERY, s. Circumference. G. pert, around, and phero, to carry. PERIPHRASIS, s. Circumlocution. G. periphrasis; from peri, around, and pkrasis, a speech. PERIPNEUMONIA, s. Inflammation of the lungs. G. peri, about, and pneumon, the lungs. PERISH, v. To cease to have existence ; to die; to decay ; L. pereo; per, through, and to, to go. PERITONEUM, s. The soft, thin membrane, which lies immediately under the muscles of the lower abdomen. G. peri, about, and teino, to stretch out. PERJURE, v. To swear falsely and corruptly. L. perjuro; comp. of per, through, or under pretence, andjwro, to swear. PERMANENT, adj. Durable ; lasting. L. permanens, part, of per- maneo ; per, through, and maneo, to remain. PERMISSION, s. Leave ; allowance. F. permission : L. permissus, p. part, of permitto. See PERMIT. PERMIT, v. To allow. L. permitto ,• from per, through, and mitto, to send ; that is, to allow a passage, or entrance. PERNICIOUS, adj. Highly injurious; destructive. L. perniciosus ; from per, through, and noceo, to hurt ; meaning, to injure largely. PERORATION, adj. The concluding division of a formal speech. L. peroratio ,- from per, throughout, and oro, to speak: meaning, to re- capitulate. PERPENDICULAR, adj. Hanging or being in a direction towards the centre of gravity ; placed so as to form right angles. L. perpendi- cularis; per, by, and pendeo, to hang from. PERPETRATE* v. To commit ; thoroughly to effect ; (always taken in a criminal sense. ) L. perpetro ; per, through, and petro, to effect, or bring about. PERPETUAL, adj. Never ceasing. L. perpetuus ,- perpetuo, to con- tinue: from per, through, and peto, to seek. PERPLEX, v. To puzzle ; to entangle. L. per, through, and plexus^ p. part, of plecto, to twist. PERQUISITE, s. Something gained by a place or office, besides the regular wages. L. perquisitus, p. part, of perquiro, to make diligent; per, through, and qusero, to seek. PER SALTUM. At a leap ; all at once ; without any intermediate stage. L. PERSE. By itself ; by himself, or herself ; by themselves. L,. per, by, se, itself, himself, herself, or themselves. PERSECUTE, v. To pursue with malignity ; to tease. L. persecutus, part, of persequor ,- from per, through, and sequor, to follow. PERSEVERE, v. To persist. L. persevero, from per, through, and severus, serious, steady. PER— PHA PERSIST, v. To persevere. L. persisto ,- from per, through, and sistt, to continue. PERSPECTIVE, s. View ; the science by which objects are properly delineated. F. persper.tif '.- L. perspedus, p. part, of perspicio ,• per, through, and specio, to see. PERSPICACITY, s. Quickness of sight. L. perspicax, quick-sighted; from per, through, and specio, to see. PERSPICUITY, s. Clearness of discourse or writing. L. perspicuitas ; from per, through, and specio, to see. PERSPIRE, v. To pass through the pores of the skin. L. from per, through, and spiro, to breathe, or exhale. PERSUADE, v. To influence by argument or expostulation ; to bring to any particular opinion. L. persuadeo ,- per, through, and suadeo, to advise. PERTAIN, v. To belong. L. pertineo; from per, by, and teneo, t» hold. PERTINACIOUS, adj. Obstinate ; resolute. L. pertinax ,- from per, by, and teneo, to hold. PERTINENT, adj. Suiting the purpose. L. pertinent. See PER- TAIN. PERTURB, v. To disquiet ; to disturb ; to disorder. L. perturbo; per, through, and turbo, to disorder: turba, a crowd. PERUSE, v. To read. L. from per, through, and usus, part, of utor, to use or be conversant with. PERVADE, v. To extend throughout. L. pervado,- from per, through, and vado, to march, or move. PERVERSE, adj. Perverted ; stubborn. F. pervers. See PERVER- SION. PERVERSION, s. The act of perverting. F. perversion: L. perversus, p. part, of perverto. See PERVERT. PERVERT, v. To turn from the original or proper design. L. per- verto ,• from per, across, and verto, to turn. PERVIOUS, adj. Admitting a passage. L. pervius,- from per, through, and via, a way. PEST. s. Plague ; something teasing. F. peste : L. pestis, infection, mischief. PESTIFEROUS, adj. Pestilential ; destructive ; infectious. L. from pestis, a pest, or infection, and fero, to carry. PETAL, s. The leaf of a flower. G. petalon, a leaf. PETIT, or PETTY, adj. A petit jury consists of twelve, and is of in- ferior rank to a grand jury. F. petit, small. PETITION, s. Request ; prayer. L. petitio ,- from peto, to ask. PETIT-MAITRE. s. A coxcomb ; a beau. F. petit, little, and maiire, a master. PETKIFY. v. To change to stone. L. petra, a rock, and Jio, to be- come. PETTY, adj Small 5 mean. See PETIT. PETULANT, adj. Quickly and suddenly impatient; saucy; perverse. L. petulans ,• from peto, to seek. PHANTASM, s. Something appearing only in the imagination, G, phantasma ; from phaino, to appear. PER— PER PERIOD. 5. A round of time ; a conclusion; a point of time; a graic matical point (.). G. periodos,- comp. of peri, through, or around, and odos, a way. PERIPATETIC, adj. Relating to the peripatetics; to the philosophy of Aristotle and his followers, who taught whilst walking. G. peri, about, and pateo, to walk. PERIPHERY, s. Circumference. G. peri, around, and phero, to carry. PERIPHRASIS, s. Circumlocution. G. periphrasis ,• from peri, around, and phrasis, a speech. PERIPNEUMONIA, s. Inflammation of the lungs. G. peri, about, and pneumon, the lungs. PERISH, v. To cease to have existence ; to die ; to decay ; L. pereo; per, through, and to, to go. PERITONEUM, s. The soft, thin membrane, which lies immediately under the muscles of the lower abdomen. G. peri, about, and teino, to stretch out. PERJURE, v. To swear falsely and corruptly. L. perjuro; comp. of per, through, or under pretence, and juro, to swear. PERMANENT, adj. Durable ; lasting. L. permanens, part, of per- maneo ; per, through, and maneo, to remain. PERMISSION, s. Leave; allowance. F. permission: L. permissus, p. part, of permitto. See PERMIT. PERMIT, v. To allow. L. permitto ; from per, through, and mitto, to send ; that is, to allow a passage, or entrance. PERNICIOUS, adj. Highly injurious; destructive. L. perniciosus; from per, through, and noceo, to hurt ; meaning, to injure largely. PERORATION, adj. The concluding division of a formal speech. L. peroratio ,- from per, throughout, and oro, to speak: meaning, to re- capitulate. PERPENDICULAR, adj. Hanging or being in a direction towards the centre of gravity ; placed so as to form right angles. L. perpendi- cidaris,- per, by, and pendeo, to hang from. PERPETRATE." v. To commit ; thoroughly to effect ; (always taken in a criminal sense. ) L. perpetro ; per, through, and petro, to effect, or bring about. PERPETUAL, adj. Never ceasing. L. perpetuus ,- perpetuo, to con- tinue: from per, through, and peto, to seek. PERPLEX, v. To puzzle ; to entangle. L. per, through, and plexus^ p. part, of pledo, to twist. PERQUISITE, s. Something gained by a place or office, besides the regular wages. L. perquisitus, p. part, of perquiro, to make diligent; per, through, and qusero, to seek. PER SAL TUM. At a leap ; all at once ; without any intermediate stage. L. PERSE. By itself ; by himself, or herself ; by themselves. L. per, by, se, itself, himself, herself, or themselves. PERSECUTE, v. To pursue with malignity ; to tease. L. persecutus, part, of persequor ,• from per, through, and sequor, to follow. PERSEVERE, v. To persist. L. persevero, from per, through, and severus, serious, steady. PER— PHA PERSIST, v. To persevere. L. persisto ; from per, through, and state, to continue. PERSPECTIVE, s. View ; the science by which objects are properly delineated. F. perspectif: L. perspectus, p. part, of perspicio ; per, through, and specio, to see. PERSPICACITY, s. Quickness of sight. L. perspicax, quick-sighted; from per, through, and specio, to see. PERSPICUITY, s. Clearness of discourse or writing. L. perspicuitas ; from per, through, and specio, to see. PERSPIRE, v. To pass through the pores of the skin. L. from per, through, and spiro, to breathe, or exhale. PERSUADE, v. To influence by argument or expostulation ; to bring to any particular opinion. L. persuadeo ,- per, through, and suadeo, to advise. PERTAIN, v. To belong. L. pertineo; from per, by, and teneo, t» hold. PERTINACIOUS, adj. Obstinate ; resolute. L. pertinax ,- from per, by, and teneo, to hold. PERTINENT, adj. Suiting the purpose. L. pertinens. See PER- TAIN. PERTURB, v. To disquiet ; to disturb ; to disorder. L. perturbo,- per, through, and turbo, to disorder: turba, a crowd. PERUSE, v. To read. L. from per, through, and usus, part, of utor, to use or be conversant with. PERVADE, v. To extend throughout. L. pervado; from per, through, and vado, to march, or move. PERVERSE, adj. Perverted ; stubborn. F. pervers. See PERVER- SION. PERVERSION, s. The act of perverting. F. perversion: L. perversus, p. part, of perverto. See PERVERT. PERVERT, v. To turn from the original or proper design. L. per- verto ; from per, across, and verto, to turn. PERVIOUS, adj. Admitting a passage. L. pervius ,- from per, through, and via, a way. PEST. s. Plague ; something teasing. F. peste : L. pestis, infection, mischief. PESTIFEROUS, adj. Pestilential ; destructive ; infectious. L. from pestis, a pest, or infection, and fero, to carry. PETAL. 5. The leaf of a flower. G. petalon, a leaf. PETIT, or PETTY, adj. A petit jury consists of twelve, and is of in- ferior rank to a grand jury. F. petit, small. PETITION, s. Request ; prayer. L. petiiio ,- from peto, to ask. PETIT-MAITRE. s. A coxcomb ; a beau. F. petit, little, and maiire, a master. PETHIFY. v. To change to stone. L. petra, a rock, and Jio, to be- come. PETTY, adj Small ; mean. See PETIT. PETULANT, adj. Quickly and suddenly impatient; saucy; perverse, L. petulans ,• from peto, to seek. PHANTASM, s. Something appearing only in the imagination. G, phantasma ; from phaino, to appear. £ PHA— PHT PHANTASMAGORIA, s. An optical exhibition of figures resembling the supposed form of spectres, &c. by means of a sort of magic lan- tern. G. phantasma, a spectre, and agora, an assembly. PHANTOM, s. The appearance of a thing otherwise than what it is ; a false apparition. F. phantome ,• from G. phaino, to appear. PHARMACEUTIC, or PHARMACEUTICAL, adj. Relating to phar- macy. G. pharmakeutikos. See PHARMACY. PHARMACOPOEIA, s. A dispensatory ; a book containing rules for the composition of medicines. G. pharmakon, medicine, and poieo, to make. PHARMACY, s. The art of preparing medicines. C. pharmakon, a medicine. PHASES. 5. Appearances exhibited by any body; as the changes of the moon. G. phasis, an appearance. PHENOMENON, s. Appearance ; extraordinary appearance. G. phainomerwn ,■ from phainornai, to appear. PHILANTHROPY, s. Love of mankind. G. phileo, to love, and an- thropos, a man. PHILIPPIC, s. An invective declamation: — from the speeches of De- mosthenes against Philip, king of Macedon. PHILOLOGY, s. Grammatical learning ; criticism. G. phileo, to love, and logos, a word, — meamng, language. PHILOMEL, s. A nightingale. G. Philomela, a Grecian female, who is fabulously related to have been changed into a bird. PHILOSOPHY, s. Knowledge, natural or moral; study of nature, &c G. and L. pkilosophia : G. phileo, to love, soph/' a, wisdom. PHILTER, s. Something to excite love. G.philtron,- from phileo } to love. PHLEBOTOMY, s. The science or practice of bleeding. G. phlebo- tomia : phlebos, gen. ofphleps, a vein, and temno, to cut. PHLEGM, s. Watery humour of the body, supposed to produce slug- gishness. G. phlegrna ,• pklego,' to burn. PHLEGMATIC, adj. Abounding in phlegm; generating phlegm dull. G. pMegmatikos. See PHLEGM.' PHLOGISTON, s. An exploded chemical name for an imaginary sub stance, thought to be a constituent part of ail inflammable bodies. G. phlogizo, to burn. PHOSPHORUS, s. A chemical substance, which ignites when expos- ed to the air. G. phos, ' & threshold or entrance. PRELUDE, s. Introductory entertainment; precursor. L. prseludivm? from prse, before, and ludo, to play. PREMATURE, adj* Unfinished ; immature. L. prsematurus ; from prse, before, and maturus, ripe. PREMEDITATE, v. To think upon previously ; to design. L. prse, before, and meditate. PREMIER, s. A chief ; a prime minister- F. premier; L. primus^ first. PREMISE, v. To make a previous explanation, or proposition* L> prse, before, and missum, sup. oimitio, to send. PREMISES, s. Propositions antecedently supposed or proved ; also<> by a perversion of language, house, or lands. See PREMISE. PREMIUM, s. Something given to invite a loan or bargain - r a reward* L. prsemium. See PROEM. PRE-OCCUPY. v. To occupy previously. L. prse, before, and occupy. PREPARE, v. To make ready. L. prseparo .- from prse % before^ and paro % to make or shape. P2 PRE— PRE PREPENSE, adj. Preconceived 5 contrived before-hand ; as malice prepense. L. prsepensus : prse, before, and pens us, p part, of r.endo, to weigh or deliberate on. PREPONDERATE, v. To outweigh ; to overpower by superior influ- ence. L. prsepondero : prse, before, and pondero, to weigh. PREPOSITION, s. In grammar, an indeclinable word, g-overning a case. L. prsepositio : from prse, before, and positus, p. part, ofpono, to place. PREPOSITIVE, adj. In grammar, signifies placed before ; and, in this sense, is opposed to subjunctive. L. prsepositus, p. part, of prsepono. See PREPOSITION. PREPOSSESS, v. To impress an opinion before due examination ; t» prejudice. L. prse, before, and possess. PREPOSTEROUS, adj. Having that first, which ought to be last ;. perverted; absurd. L. prseposterus : prse, before, and posterus, the following: post, after. PREROGATIVE, s. Peculiar privilege ; something required or de- manded before, or in preference to, all others. L. praerogativa .- from prse, before, and rogo, to demand or propose: — alluding to a privilege enjoyed by some persons in Rome, of giving their votes the first. PRESAGE, s. Prognostic. L. prsesagium : from prse, before, and sagax, quick-scented, or cunning. PRESBYTERIAN, s. An advocate for the government of the church by presbyteries, composed of elders. G. presbuteros, an elder. PRESCIENCE, s. Foreknowledge. L. prsesciens, part, of prsescio .- from, prse, before, and scio, to know. PRESCRIBE, v. To order ; to direct, &c. L. p'rsescribo : from prse, before, and seribo, to write, or appoint. PRESCRIPTION, s. Custom which has become law; medical recipe. L. prsescriptto. See PRESCRIBE. PRESENT, adj. Not absent.; not past, nor future. F. present : L- prsesens, part, of prsesum ; comp. of prse, before, (meaning in pre- sence of,.) and sum, I am. PRESENT'', v. To place in the presence of; to exhibit to view or no- , tice ; to offer as a gift. See the adjective. PRES'ENT. s. A complimentary gift; pi. presents, things written, and presented or offered in the manner of evidence, — as in a lease, &c. See the verb. PRESERVE, v. To keep with care ; to save ; to prepare fruits, &c» so that they may be kept from spoiling. L. prseservo; comp. of prse, before,, and serve, to keep,. PRESIDE, v. To sit as president. L. prsesideo : from prse, before, ami sedeo, to sit. PRESIDENT, s. One who presides, or occupies the highest place, E. prsesidens, part, of prsesideo. See PRESIDE. PRESS, v. To squeeze ; to crush ; to distress ;. to constrain ; to urge, &c. F. presser .• L. presms, p. part, ofpremo, to press. PRESUME, v. To assume before permission, or proof. L. prsesumo. from prse, before, and sumo, to take. PRESUMPTION, s. Assumption without permission. L. prsesumptus, p. part, of prsesumo. See PRESUME. PRETEND, v. To make a false representation ; to claim. L. prse- tendo : from prse, before, and tendo, to stretch forth [something- as a deception.] PRETERIMPERFECT. adj. An irrational term, applied, by some grammarians, to one of the past tenses. L. prseter, beside, and im- perfect. PRETERIT, adj. Past. L. prseteritus, p. part, ofprsetereo; from prse- ter, beside, and eo, to go. PRETERNATURAL, adj. Not natural ; miraculous. L. prseter, more than, and natural. PRETERPERFECT. adj. An irrational term, applied, by some gram- marians, to one of the past tenses. L. prseter, beside, and perfect. PRETERPLUPERFECT. adj. An irrational term, applied, by some grammarians, to one of the past tenses. L. prseter, beside, and plu- perfect. PRETEXT, s. Pretence. L. prsetextus, p. part, of prsetexo, to cloak or cover: prse, before, and tectus, p. part, oftego, to cover. PREVAIL, v. To overcome ; (with on, over, or against,) to predomi- nate ; to have influence. L. prsevaleo : from prse, before, and valeo, to be strong. PREVALENT, adj. Predominant ; common. L. prse'valens, part, of prsevaleo. See PREVAIL. PREVARICATE, v. To vary in giving evidence. L. prevaricor : from prse, concerning, and vario, to vary. PREVENT, v. To obstruct. L. prseventum, 6up. of prsevenio ; prse, before, and venio, to come. PREVIOUS, adj. Antecedent. L. prsevius : p)-se, before, and via, a way ; that is, being before another, in proceeding*/ PRIMA FACIE. On the first view ; without referring to any thing- subsequently. L. prima, on the first, facie, face, or figure : primus, and fades. PRIMATE, s. The chief bishop. L. primas : horn primus, first. PRIME, adj. The first ; the best. L. primus, first. PRIME, v. To put powder into the pan of # a gun ; to lay on the first paint. See the adjective. PRIMER, s. A child's school-book. L. primus, first. PRIMEVAL, adj. Such as was at first. L. primsevus : from primus, first, and sevum, an age, PRIMITIVE, adj. Original; ancient; uncompounded. L. primitivus : primus, first. PRIMOGENITURE, s. Seniority. F '. primogeniture : la. primus, first, and geiutus, begotten. PRIMORDIAL, adj. Original. L. primordium, the beginning ; from primus, first, and ordo, a rule. PRIMROSE, s. An early flower. L. primus, first, and rose. PRIMUM MOBILE'. That which gives motion to all the other parts. L. primum, the first, mobile, moved: primus and mobilis. PRINCE, s. A sovereign; son of a king. F. prince: L. princeps^ first, chief: primus, first, and capio, to take. PRINCIPAL, adj. Chief; essential ; important. F. principal: L. principalis. See PRINCIPLE. PRI— PRO PRINCIPLE, NQN HOMINES. Principles, not men ? the motto chosen by Mr. Monroe, when elected president of the United States. PRINCIPLE, s. Element ; constituent part ; rule ; moral guide. F. principe: L. principium : principis, g-en. of princeps, first, original: primus, first, and capio, to take. PRINT, v. To mark by pressing ; to use the art of typography, &c« L. imprimo : in, into, or upon, and premo, to press. PRIOR, adj. Former ; anterior. L. prior, the former. PRIORITY, s. Precedence, in time or place. See PRIOR. PRISON, s. A jail. F. prison : pris, part, of prendre, to seize. PRISTINE, adj. Ancient 5 former. L. pristinus : prior, the former. PRIVATE, adj. Retired ; secret ; individual. L. privatus, p. part, of privo, to take away. PRIVATION, s. Removal of something desired. L. privatio : from privo, to take away. PRIVILEGE, s. Peculiar advantage ; something, of which others are . deprived ; private right. F. privilege .• L. privilegium : privus, par- ticular, and legis, gen. of lex, a law. See PRIVATE. PRIVITY, s. Private communication ; private concurrence. F. pri- vauU. See PRIVY. PRIVY, adj. Private ; secret ; admitted to secrets of state, (as the privy council ;) F. privi. See PRIVATE. PRIZE, s. A reward gained by a contest with competitors ; a vessel or merchandise captured at sea ; gain in a lottery. F. prix, or prise, from prendre, to take. PRO AND CON. A vulgar abbreviation of pro and contra, for and against. PROBABLE, adj. Apparently true. L. probabilis : from probo, to prove or allow. PROBATE, s. Proof of a will. L. probatus: from probo, to prove, or allow. PROBATIONER, s. One who is upon trial ; a novice. L. probatio, a trial ; from probo, to prove. PROBATORY, adj. Serving for trial. L. probo, to prove. PROBE, v. To examine a deep wound with an instrument. L. probo, to try. PROBITY, s. Honesty ; veracity. L. probitas : from probatus, (p. part, of probo,) proved. PROBLEM, s. A question proposed. G. problema : probalh, to pro- pose: pro, before, and ballo, to throw. PRO BONO PUBLICO. For public benefit. L. PROCEED, v. To move forward ; to act 5 to issue. L. procedo .• from pro, forward, and cedo, to go. PROCESS, s. Progressive course ; operation ; course of law. F. pro- ces : L. processus .- from procedo. See PROCEED. PROCESSION, s. A train moving in ceremonious solemnity. F. pro* cession: L. processio. See PROCESS. PROCLAIM, v. To make public. L. proclamo : pro, before, and clamo, to call. PROCONSUL, s. A deputy consul. L. pro, for, and consul. PROCRASTINATE, v. To defer through idleness. L. procrastinor ~ from pro, for, eras, to-morrow, and teneo, to hold. PRO— PRO PROCREATE, v. To generate 5 to produce. L. procreo : pro, for- ward, and creo, to create. PROCTOR, s. A manager of another's affairs; an attorney of the spir- itual court ; the magistrate of a university. L. procurator. See PROCURE. PROCURATION, s. Power given to transact business for another. L. procuratio. See PROCURE. PROCURE, v. To obtain ; to cause. L. procuro : from pro, for, and euro, to take care of. PRODIGAL, adj Lavish. L. prodigus : from prodigo, to drive forth : pro, before, and ago, to drive or act. PRODIGY, s. Something out of the ordinary course of nature. L. pro- dig! um. — This word seems to have an affinity with prodigal. PRODUCE, v. To exhibit ; to bring forth. L. produco : from pro, signifying- forward, and duco, to bring. PRO'DUCE. s. That which any thing yields, of a material nature. It is different in its meaning from product, which is an arithmetical re- sult. See the verb. PRODUCT, s. Result; sum; of an arithmetical, rather than of a ma- terial kind. It is used in a different sense froiri produce, which is a material residt. L. productus, p. part, of produco. See PRODU'CE. PRODUCTION, s. The act of producing ; the thing produced ; pro- duce. F. production. See PRODUCT. PROEM, s. Preface ; introduction. Old F. pro'eme : L. prooemium ; G. prooimion • pro, hefore. and oime, a way. PROFANE, adj. Irreverent to sacred things; not sacred. L. prof anus.- pro, before, and fanum, a temple. PROFESS, v. To declare openly ; to follow as a profession. L. pro- fessus, part, ofprqfiteor : i'rompro, before, and fateor, to confess. PROFICIENT, adj. Highly advanced in the knowledge of any thing. L. prqficiens, part, of projicio, to go forward: pro, before, and facio, to do. PROFIT, s. Gain; pecuniary advantage; accession of good. F. profit : L. profectus : from projicio : pro, forward, and facio, to make. PROFLIGATE, adj. Abandoned ; completely lost to virtue and de- cency. L. profligatus : pro, forward, and yib'gv?, to dash or beat. PROFOUND, adj. Very deep ; humble ; intellectually deep. L. pro- fundus : pro, before, or far off, and fundus, the bottom. Profound may be applied to great learning, by supposing that a scholar has examined deeply : and to humility, from the posture in bowing. PROFUNDITY. 5. Depth. See PROFOUND. PROFUSE, adj. Prodigal; exuberant. L. proj usus, part, of proj undo, to pour out. PROGENITOR, s. A forefather; a person, either male or female, from whom another has descended. L. progenitor .• fromjore, before, and geno, to beget. PROGENY, s. Offspring. L. progenies : pro, forward, and genus, a race. PROGNOSTIC, s. Something by which we may foretel; an omen. G. prognostikos : pro, before, and ginosko, to know. PROGRESS, s. Motion forward ; advancement. L. programs :■ from pro, forward, and gressus, part, of gradior, to go: gradus t a step. PRO— PRO PRO HJC VICE. For this turn ; for the present occasion. L. PROHIBIT, v. To forbid ; to hinder. L. prohibeo .• from pro, before, and habeo, to have or hold: meaning, some obstruction. PROJECT, v. To throw forward ; to jut out ; to contrive. L. pro* jedum, sup. of projicio: from pro, before, and jacio, to throw. PROLATE, adj. Extended beyond an exact round. L. prolatus, p. part. ofprofero, to thrust out.- pro, before, and/ero, to carry. PROLEPSIS. s. A form of rhetoric, by which objections are antici- pated ; an error in chronology, by which events are dated too early. G. prolepsis : pro, before, and lambano, to take. PROLIFIC, adj. Fruitful ; productive. F. prolifique : L. proles, a race, and facio, to make. PROLIX, adj. Long- ; not concise. L. prolixus .■ from pro, and laxus, loose. PROLOCUTOR, s. Speaker of a convocation. L. prolocutor : from pro, for, and hquor, to speak. PROLOGOMENA. s. Prefatory matter. G. pi. of prohgomenon. See PROLOGUE. PROLOGUE, s. Preface ; something- spoken before the beginning of a play. G. prologos : from pro, before, and logos, a word. PROMENADE, s. A walk ; a place for walking. F. from promener, to walk: pro, signifying forward, and mener, to carry, or lead. PROMINENT, adj. Projecting ; conspicuous. L. prominens, part, of promineo, to jut out. PROMISCUOUS, adj. Mingled; confused. L. promiscuus • from pro, and misceo, to mix. PROMISE, s. Declaration of design ; expectation ; hope. L. promis- sum: from pro, before, and mitto, to send: that is, to send out the declaration before the performance is accomplished. PROMONTORY, s. High land, jutting into the sea ; a cape or head- land. L. promontorium : pro, before, and mons, a mountain. PROMOTE, v. To forward ; to advance. L. promotum, sup. of pro- moveo .- from pro, forward, and moveo, to move. PROMPT, adj. Ready; quick; instant. F. prompt: L. promptus, p. part, of promo, to draw out, or bring forth. Prompt payment is mo- ney drawn out. PROMPTER, s. One who aids the memory, as at a theatre. See PROMPT. PROMULGATE, v. To make public. L. promulgo.- — the primitives seem to be pro, before, and vulgus, the common people. PRONE, adj. Lying with the face downward, as in the act of wor- shiping ; bending downward ; inclined. L. pronus, downward. PRONOUN, s. A word used instead of a noun. L. pro, instead of, and noun. PRONOUNCE, v. To utter; to declare. L. pronuntio .- from pro, be- fore, (in presence of.) and nuntio, to tell. PROPEL, v. To drive forward. L. propello : from pro, forward, and pello, to drive. PROPENSITY, s. Strong inclination; desire. L. propensio: from propensus, part, of propendeo : pro, forward, and pendeo, to hang. PROPER, adj. Peculiar ; not common ; natural; suitable. F. proprt • L. proprhtx, peculiar. PRO— PRO PROPERTY, s. Peculiar quality ; disposition ; thing possessed in one's own right. See PROPER. PROPHET, s. One who foretels by divine inspiration. G. prophetes : from pro, before, and phemi, to say. PROPHETIC, or PROPHETICAL, adj. Foreseeing or foretelling fu- ture events. See PROPHET. PROPITIATE, v. To gain the favour of. L. propitio .• probably from prope, near ; because the heathens always solicited their deities to be near or present, to give their aid in favour of their designs. PROPORTION, s. Comparative relation ; symmetry. L. proportio : from pro, according to, andportio, a part: that is, one part agreeing with another. PROPOSE, v. To offer for consideration. L. propositum, sup. ofpro- pono : fromjoro, before, and pono, to place. PROPOUND, v. To propose. L. propono. See PROPOSE. PROPRIETOR, s. An owner. L. See PROPERTY. PROPRIETY. 5. Accuracy ; justness. L. proprietas : from proprius, fit. See PROPER. PROPULSION, s. Act of propelling. L. propulsus, p. part, of pro- pello. See PROPEL. PRO RATA. Proportionally; according to a prescribed rate. L. PRO RE NATA. For the thing as it arises ; for the occasion as it happens. L. \ PROROGUE, v. To prorogue a parliament, is to continue it from one session to another. L. prorogo, to defer ; from pro, forward, and rogo, to desire or request. PROSCENIUM, s. The large open space, in front of the scenes of a theatre, in which the actors perform their parts. L. comp. of pro, before, and scena, a scene. PROSCRIBE, v. To doom to destruction ; to forbid. L. proscribo .- from pro, concerning, and scribo, to write. PROSCRIPTION, s. Act of proscribing. L. proscriptio : proscriptus, p. part, of proscribo. See PROSCRIBE. PROSE, s. Language not restrained to harmonic sounds or regular number of syllables. F. prose: IL.prosa,- from prorsus, straig'ht for- ward ; by wav of opposition to versus, (hence verse,) a turning back- ward. See VERSE. PROSECUTE, v. To pursue ; to continue. L. prosequor : horn pro, forward, and sequor, to follow. PROSELYTE, s. A convert; one brought over to a new opinion, such as from the Jewish or Mahomedan, to the Christian faith. But a proselyte must be distinguished from a convert : — the latter conforms with the heart ; the former, only by outward action. L. proselytus : G. proselutos : from proselchomai, to be come to, or be added to. PROSODY, a. That part of grammar which teaches the just sound and quantity of syllables, and the measures of verse. G. prosodia : pros, for, and ode, a song. PROSOPOPOEIA, s. Personification. G. prosopopoiia : from prosopon, a person, and poieo, to make. PROSPECT, s. View of something distant. L. prospectus : part, of prospicio : from pro, forward, and specio, to see. PRO— PRO PROSPECTIVE, adj. Relating to a distant view. See PROS- PECT. PROSPECTUS, s. Plan, generally of a proposed literary work. L. prospectus. See PROSPECT. PROSPER, v. To be successful. L. prospero ,- from pro, according to, and spero, to hope or expect. PROSTITUTE, v. To expose to crime, or commit sin, for a reward. L. prostituo : from pro, forward, and statum, sup. of sto, to stand ; meaning, to offer one's services in a public market. PROSTRATE, adj. Lying at length ; thrown down. L. prostratus, p. part, of prosterno : from pro, before, and sterno, to spread. PRO TAN TO. For so much ; for that quantity. L. PROTECT, v. To shield 5 to defend. L. protedum, sup. of protego : from pro, before, and tego, to cover. PRO-TEMPORE. For a time ; not permanently. L. pro, for, tem- pore, abl. of tempus, time, or a time. PROTEST, v. To record in the manner of a notaiy ; to object. L. protestor: from pro, for, and testor, to bear witness: testis, a wit- ness. PROTHONOTARY. s. Chief notaiy, or register. G. protos, first, and notary. PROTOMARTYR. s. The first martyr; a term applied to St. Stephen. G. protos, first, and MARTYR. PROTOTYPE, s. The original. F prototype : G. prototupon : from protos, first, and tupos, a mark, or form. PROTRACT, v. To lengthen ; to prolong a continuation ; to delay. L. protractum, sup. of protrako : from pro, forward, and traho, to draw. PROTRUDE, v. To thrust forward. L. protrude .• from pro, before, and trudo, to thrust. PROTRUSION, s. Act of protruding. L. protrusus, p. part, of pro- trudo. See PROTRUDE. PROTUBERANCE, s. A swelling ; prominence. L. pro, before, (on the surface,) and tuber, a bunch or excrescence. PROVERB, s. A short moral sentence. L. proverbium : from. pro, for, and verburn, a word ; meaning an expression used for something particular. PROVERBIAL, 'adj. Mentioned as a proverb ; resembling a proverb. See PROVERB. PROVIDE, v. To make ready beforehand ; to supply ; to stipulate. L. vrovldeo : from pro, before, and video, to see. PROVIDENCE, s. The act of providing 5 divine superintendence. F. providence. See PROVIDE. PROVINCE, s. Originally, a conquered country ; generally, a large district. L. provincia .- fromjoro, before, and vinco, to conquer. PROVISION, s. Something provided ; stipulation. L. provisw : from provideo. See PROVIDE. PROVISO, s. Stipulation ; condition. L. proviso, abl. ofprovisus, p. part, of provideo. See PROVIDE. PROVOCATION, s. Act or cause by which anger is excited. L. pro- vocatio. See PROVOKE. PRO— PUN PROVOKE, v. To enrage ; to promote. L. provoco : from pro, for- ward, and voco, to call. PROW. s. The forepart of a ship. F. proue : G. prora.- horn pro, be- fore, and rheo, to proceed. PROWESS, s. Bravery; valour; courageous excitement which places a man forward, or in the front of a battle. F. prouesse. See PROW. PROXIMITY, s. Nearness. L. proximitas : from proximus, nearest. PROXY. *. The agency of another ; the agent employed. Abbrevia- tion of L. proximus, a neighbour. See PROXIMITY. PRUDENT, adj. Provident; discreet F. prudent.- L. prudens, an abbreviation of providens. See PROVIDE. PRURIENCE, s. Great desire or appetite for any thing. Li.pruriens, part, of prurlo, to itch. PSALM, s. A holy song. G. psalmos, a tune for a musical instrument; from psallo, to strike [the harpstrings] : psallo, signifies also, to praise in song, — the harp being originally used for songs of praise ;- as by David. PSALTER, s. The volume of psalms. G. psalterion : from psallo. See PSALM. PSEUDO. adj. False ; counterfeit. G. pseudos, false. PUBERTY, s. Sexual maturity. L. pubertas .- from puber, of ripe age. PUBLISH, v. To make public ; to issue from the press. Li. publico, to make public. PUERILE, adj. Boyish; childish, h.puerilis; from puer, a boy. PUGNACITY, s. Quarrelsomeness; inclination to fight. L. pugnaci- tas : pugna, a fight. PUISNE 7 , adj. A puisne (puny) judge, is one of inferior rank. F. puisne, younger: puis, afterwards, and ne, part, of naitre, to be born PUISSANT, adj. Powerful. F. from pouvoir, to be able. PULMONARY, adj. Relating to the lungs. L. pulmo, the lungs. PULSATION, s. The act of beating or moving rapidly against some- thing opposing; the beating of the pulse. L. pulsatio ':. pulsus, p. part, of pello, to strike. PULSE, s. The perceptible action of the blood, in certain parts of the body. L. pulsus.- from a part, of pello, to strike. PULVERIZE, v. To reduce to powder. L. pulveris, gen. of pulvis, dust. PUNCTILIO, s. A nice point of exactness ; etiquette. See PUNC- TUAL. PUNCTILIOUS, adj. Extremely exact. See PUNCTUAL. PUNCTUAL, adj. Attentive to the time appointed ; exact. F. punc- tual: L. punctum, a point. See POINT. PUNCTUATION, s. The act or method of pointing, or placing stops. L. punctum, a point. See POINT. PUNCTURE, s. A hole made by a sharp point. L. punctum, a point. See POINT. PUNGENT, adj. Sharp on the tongue ; piercing ; acrimonious.. L, pungens, part, of pungo, to prick. Q PUN— PYR PUNITIVE, adj. Awarding or inflicting punishment. L. punio, to punish. PUNY. adj. Inferior ; weak. See PUISNE'. PUPIL, s. A scholar. L. pupillus, a male orphan ; pupilla, a female orphan: from pupa, a baby: also, the apple of the eye; alluding- to the small image reflected by the eye. PUPPET, s. A small image, moved by wires, in a mock drama. L. pupus, a young child. PURCHASE, v. In law, to acquire an estate, by any method except by descent: — to obtain at an expense, as of labour or danger ; to buy for a price. F. pour, for, and chasser, to chase or pursue. PURGATORY, s. A temporary hell, or place of purgation from sin, believed to exist by the Roman Catholics. L. purgatorium ; from purgo. See PURGE. PURGE, v. To cleanse. L. purgo, to cleanse. PURLIEU, s. Besides the creation of new forests, the Norman kings of England made great additions to the Saxon forests, by encroach- ing upon the lands of their subjects. These encroachments, called purlieus, were afterwards disafforested, as far as regarded the rights of the land-owner ; but they continued subject to the forest laws, in respect to all other persons. F. pur, pure, or unmixed, and lieu, place. PURPORT, s. Design ; tendency. F. pourporte : from pour, for, and porter, to carry. L. pro, and porto. PURPOSE, s. Intention •, effect of the intention. F. pour, for, and poser, to place : L. pro, and pono. PURSUE, v. To chase ; to continue. F. pourmivre : from pour, for, and suivre, to follow. PURSUIVANT, s. An attendant on the heralds. F. poursuivant, part, of poursuivre, to follow. PURULENT, adj. Consisting of corrupted matter. L. purulentus .• from puris, gen. of pus, corruption. PURVEYOR, s. One who collects provisions ; a procurer. F. pur. voyeur: from pour, for, and voir; to see. PUS. s. Matter issuing from a sore. L. pus, corruption. PUSILLANIMITY, s. Cowardice. F. pusillanimite : L. pusillus, weak, and animus, the soul, or mind. PUSTULE, s. A small swelling. F. pustula .- pus, matter, or corrup- tion. PUTATrVE. adj. Supposed ; reputed. F. putatif: L. puto, to think. PUTREFY, v. To rot; to become foul. F. putrijier : L. putris, rotten, SLiidJio, to become. PUTRESCENT, adj. Growing rotten or foul. L. putrescens, part, of putresco : from putris, rotten. PUTRID, adj. Rotten ; foul. L. putridus, rotten. PYGMY. See PIGMY. PYRAMID, s. A solid figure, the sides of which are plain triangles, meeting in a point. F. pyramide : G. puramis ,- from pur, fire: be- cause fire ascends in a similar form. PYRITES, s. A mineral, sometimes called Jire-stone. Some of its varieties are sulphurets of iron, and others, sulphurets of copper, with a portion of alumine and silex. G. pur, fire. PYR— QUA PYROFUGE. s. A machine, by which persons may escape from fire. G. pur, fire, and L. fugio, to flee. PYROLIGNOUS. adj. The acid called pyrolignous, resembles the acetous ; and is obtained by exposing wood, confined in a cylinder of iron, to the action of fire. G. pur, fire, and L. lignum, wood. PYROMETER, s. An instrument, invented by Wedge wood, for ascer- taining the heat of ovens, furnaces, and intense fires. G. pur, fire, and mefreo, to measure. PYROPHORI. s. Compound substances, which ignite on the admission of atmospheric air. G. pur, fire, and phero, to bear. PYROTECHNICS, s. The art of making fireworks. G. pur, fire, and techne, art. PYRRHONISM, s. Scepticism ; universal doubting. Pyrrho, a Gre- cian philosopher, the founder of the Sceptics. Q. QUADRANGLE, s. A square ; a surface with four right angles. L. quadrangulus : quadratus, (from quatuor, four,) squared, and angu- lus, an angle. QUADRANT, s. A quarter ; the quarter of a circle ; an instrument for measuring altitudes. L. quadrans, the fourth part : quatuor, four. QUADRATE, adj. Square ; divisible into four equal parts. L. quad- ratus, part, of quadro, to square : quatuor, four. QUADRATIC, adj. Belonging to a square. See QUADRATE. QUADRATURE, s. The act of squaring ; state of being square ; the first and last quarter of the moon. L. quadratura. See QUAD- RATE. QUADRENNIAL, adj. Lasting four years ; happening once in four years. L. quadriennium, the space of four years? comp. of quutuor p four, and annus, a year. QUADRIBLE. adj. Capable of being squared. L. quadro, to square: quatuor, four. QUADRILATERAL, adj. Having four sides. L. quatuor, four, and lateris, gen. of latus, a side. QUADRILLE, s. A kind of game at cards, and also a dance in which four partake. F. from the L. quatuor, four. QUADRIPARTITE, adj. Having four parts. L. quatuor, four, and partitus, p. part, of partio, to divide: pars, a part. QUADRUPED, s. An animal which has four feet. L. quadrupedis A gen. of quadrupes .• from quatuor, four, and pes, a foot. QUADRUPLE, adj. Fourfold; four times told. L. quadruplus : qua- tuor, four. QUADRUPLICATE, v. To double twice; to make fourfold. L. quadruplico : quatuor, four, and plico, to fold. QUALIFY, v. To adapt ; to furnish with what is necessary for a parti- cular state or profession ; to abate. F. qualifier : L. qualis, such as, and facio, to make. QUALITY, s. Sort, relatively considered ; property ; rank. L. qua,' titas : qualis, of what kind; such as. QUA— QUI QUAMDIU SE BENE GESSERIT. As long as he shall conduct himself properly ; a condition on which the English judges hold their offices. L. quamdiu, as long as, gesserit, (from gero,) he shall conduct, se, hims< If, bene, well. QUANTITY, g. Indeterminate weight or measure; portion; prosodial measured L. quantitas, quantity. QUANTUM, s. Quantity ; amount ; proportion assigned. L. QUANTr'M ME it * JIT. As much as he has earned, or deserved. I*. quanius, and mereo. QUANTUM tSUFFICIT. As much as is sufficient. L. quantus and Bujffitio. QUARE IMFEDIT. The name of a writ, which lies for the patron of a church -living, against the person who has disturbed his right of advowson. L. quare, wherefore, impedit, (from impedio,) he hinders. QUARANTINE, s. Originally, the space of forty days, in which, a ship, suspected of infection, was obliged to forbear intercourse with the port to which she was bound ; but the duration of quarantine is now variable. F. quarantaine: quarante, forty. QUARREL, s. A breach of concord ; a brawl ; a dispute. F. que- relle: L. querela, a complaint: quero, to complain. QUART, s. The fourth part of a gallon. F. quart : L. quartus, the fourth : from quatuor, four. QUARTAN, adj. A quartan ague occurs every fourth day. L. quar- tanus : quartus, the fourth: quatuor, four. QUARTATION. s. A chemical operation, by which, three parts of silver are fused with a fourth part of gold, in order to purify the latter. L. quartus, the fourth. QUARTER, s. A fourth part ; a region of the skies, as denoted by the mariner's compass ; a particular region of the town or country, with- out regard to arithmetical division : hence, the term quarters, for mi- litary. F. quartier : L. quartus : quatuor, four. QUARTILE. s. An aspect of the planets, when they are ninety de- grees (the fourth of a circle) distant from each other. L. See QUARTER. QUARTO, s. A book in which every sheet of paper makes four leaves. L. abl. of quartus, the fourth. QUASH, v. To crush ; to subdue suddenly ; to annul ; to abate. L. quatio, to shake or shatter. QUATERN1 1 Y. s. A term which includes four. L. quaterni ; qua- tuor, four. QUERIST, s. An inquirer. L. qussro, to seek. QUERULOUS, adj. Mourning; whining; habitually complaining. L. querulus .• querela, a complaint ; queror, to complain. QUERY, s. A question ; an inquiry to be resolved. L. quaere, imper. of quaero, to seek. QUEST, s. Search. F. queste : L. qusesitus, p. part, of qusero, to seek. QUESTION, s. Interrogatory ; subject of inquiry or debate ; doubt, F. question: L. questio .• quaesitus, p. part, of quasro, to seek. QUIB-NUNC. s. A news-hunter, or coifee-house politician. L. quid* what, nunc, now. QUI— QUO QUIESCENT, adj. Not moving* ; reposing 1 . L. quiescens, part, of quiesco, to be quiet. QUIET, adj. Still ■ free from disturbance ; inoffensive. L. quietus, part, of quiesco, to be quiet. QUIETUS. s. A cant word, denoting something to render a person tame or submissive. L. quietus, p. part, of quiesco, to rest. QUINARY, adj. Consisting of five. L. quinarius : quinque, five. QUINQUAGESIMA. adj. Quinquagesima, or Shrove Sunday, is the fiftieth day before Easter, reckoned by whole numbers. L. fem. of quinquagesimus, the fiftieth. QUINQUENNIAL, adj. Lasting five years ; happening once in five years. L. quinquennis : quinque, five, and annus, a year. QUINTESSENCE, s. An imaginary fifth being of the old philosophers; an extract from any thing, containing all its virtues, in a small bulk. L. quinta, fem. of quintus, the fifth, and essence. QUINTUPLE, adj. Fivefold. L. quintuplus : quinque, five. QUIRE, s. A body of singers. F. choeur. See CHOIR. QUIT. v. To relinquish • to leave off ; to abandon ; to* resign. F. quitter ; L. quietus, p. part, of quiesco, to rest. QUI TJLM. An action in the manner of an information on a penaj statute. L. qui, who, tarn, as well: that is, the informer, who as well, for the king as for himself, sues, &c. QUIT-RENT. s. Quit-rents, quieti reditus ,- so called, because thereby the tenant goes quit and free of all other services. See QUIT. QUOAD HOC. As far as this [point of the argument, &c] L. quoad, as much as, or, as far as, hoc, this. QUO JLN1M0. " With what mind," or with what design or intention. L. abl. of qui, and animus. QUO JURE. By what right. L. abl. of qui, and jus. QUO MO DO. In what manner. L. abl. of qui, and modus. QUONDAM. Having been formerly. L. quondam, in time past. QUORUM, s. A term used to distinguish a magistrate of a certain rank* a bench of magistrates ; a number of any members sufficient to ti'ansact business. The term is thus used, from the words of the commission, — "quorum, A. B.unumesse volumus," K ofwhom,A. B. we wish you to be one.) Where a commission is directed to seven persons, or to any three of them, whereof A. B. and C. D. are to be two ; in this case, they are said to be of the quorum K of whom ,-) be- cause, the rest cannot proceed to business without them:— -so, "a justice of the peace and quorum," is one, without whom the rest of the justices, in some cases > cannot proceed ■ and a quorum of any deliberative assembly has the same relation. QUOTA, s. Share ; proportion assigned to each. L. fem. of quvtus .* from quot, as many as. QUOTIDIAN, adj. A quotidian fever returns every day. L. quaiidw* nus : quot, every, and dies, a day. QUOTIENT, s. A number produced by the division of two other given numbers, the one by the other ; as, the quotient of 50, divided by 10, is 5. F. quotient : L. quoties, as many times. QUO WARRANTO. By what warrant, or authority. L. RAB— RAP 1!, BABBLE, s. A tumultuous crowd ; the lowest of the populace. L. rabula, a wrangler* rabo, to rave, or be mad. RABDOMANCY. 8, Pretended divination by means of rods. G. rabdos, a rod, and manleia, a foretelling. RADIANT, adj. Emitting rays ; shining. L. radians, part, of radio, to emit beams and rays, or to glitter: radius, a ray: G. rabdos, a small branch, or rod. RADIATED, adj. Adorned with rays. L. radiatus. See RADIANT. RADICAL, adj. Affecting the root ; primitive ; implanted by nature. F. radical: L. radicis, gen. of radix, a root. RADICATE, v. To form a root ; to plant deeply and firmly. L. ra- dicor : radix, a root. RADICLE, s. That part of the seed, which, after its vegetation, be- comes its root. L. radicula, dim. of radix, a root. RADIUS, s: The semidiameter of a circle ; (pi. radii.) L. radius, a ray: G. rabdos, a small branch, or rod. RAGOUT, s. Meat stewed and highly seasoned. F. from gout, taste. RALLY, v. To re -assemble and put in order dispersed forces. F. ral- lier : re, again, and oilier, to join: — to tease by frequent attempts of satire ; r oilier, to jeer. RAMBLE, v. To wander at large, without any fixed object in view. L. re, back, or again, and ambulo, to go about. RAMIFY, v. To separate into branches. F. ramifi.tr: L. ramus, a . branch, and facio, to make. RAMOUS. adj. Branchy. L. ramus, a branch. RAMPART, s. In fortification, an elevation of earth around a place, capable of resisting cannon. F. rempart : from remparer, to fence. RANCID, adj. Emitting a putrid smell. L. rancidus, musty, stale. RANCOUR, s. Inveterate malignity. F. rancoeur : ranee, rusty, and coeur, the heart: L. rancidus and cor. RANGE, v. To place in a row, or in order; to rove at large, as if along the entire row. F. ranger : rang, a row. RANK. s. A row ; a class or order ; degree, as if denoting in what row. F. rang, a row. RANSOM, s. Price of redemption, from captivity or punishment. F. rangon. RAPACIOUS, adj. Addicted to plunder, or seize by violence. F. rapace.- L. rapax. See RAPINE. RAPACITY, s. Inclination to plunder ; exercise of plunder. F. rapa- cite : L. rapacitas : rapax, ravenous ; rapio, to pull, or take by vio- lence. RAPID, adj. Swift. F. rapide: L. rapidus: raptus, p. part, of rapio, to take by violence. RAPIER, s. A species of sword. F. rapier e : L. rapio, to take by violence. RAPINE, s. Act of plundering ; violence. F. rapine: L. rapina rapio, to pull, or take by violence. RAPTURE. §, Ejrtasy ; violence of any pleasing affection or passion. RAR— REB L. rapturus, (part, of rapto, ) about to take, or hurry away, by vio- lence. RARA AVIS. A rare bird ; something" singular or wonderful. L. rara, fern, of varus, rare, and avis, a bird. RARE. adj. Scarce ; uncommon ; unfrequent. F. rare : L. rams, thin, or not thick set. RAREFACTION, s. Act of rarefying-. L. rarus, thin, and facfio, a power of making: facio, to make. RAREFY, v. To make thin, or less dense. F. rarefier : L. rarus, thin, and facio, to make. RARITY, s. Uncommonness; a thing valued for its scarcity. F. rarite : L. raritas. See RARE. RATE. s. Assigned value ; allowance ; degree ; rank 5 mode of ac- tion ; degree to which any thing is done ; tax. L. ratus, part, of rear, to suppose. RATIFY, v. To confirm ; to sanction. F. ratijier : L. ratus, (part, of rear,) established, and facio, to make. RATIO, s. Rate ; proportion. L. from ratus, part, of reor, to suppose. RATIOCINATION, s. The act of reasoning, or of deducing conse- quences from premises. L. ratiocinatio : ratiocinatus, part, of ratio- cinor, to cast an account, or reckon. See RATIO. RATIONAL, adj. Having the power of reasoning ; in conformity with reason ; judicious. L. rationalis: ratio, reason. See RATE. RAVAGE, v. To plunder ; to lay waste. F. ravager : L. rapio, t© take by violence. RAY. s. A beaVn of light ; any lustre, corporeal or intellectual. F. ; rate.- from the L. radius. See RADIUS. RAZE. v. To make level with the ground ; to ruin ; to efface. F. raser : L. rasus, p. part, of rado, to shave. RAZOR, s. A knife for shaving the beard. L. raaor : from rasus, p. part, of rado, to shave. RAZURE. s. Erasure ■, act of erasing*. F. rasure : L. razura. See RAZE. REAL. adj. Not fictitious, but actually existing ; genuine ; consisting of things immovable, as land, — not transitory, as furniture or money. L. realis: res, a thing. REALIZE, v. To make real ; to acquire beyond the reach of contin- gency ; to induce one's mind to believe any extreme happiness or affliction. See REAL. REALM, s. A kingdom; a king's dominions. F. roiaulme ; roi, a king. REANIMATE, v. To revive. L. re, again, and animate. REASON, s. Rational faculty 5 mind 5 cause ; motive ; justice ; mode- ration. F. raison: L. ratio: from ratus, part, of reor, to suppose, or judge. REASONABLE, adj. Rational -, just ; moderate. F. raisonnable. See REASON. REASSUME. v. To resume ; to take again. L. re, again, and assume. REASSURE, v. To assure again. L. re, again, and assure. REBAFTIZE. v. To baptize again. L. re, again, and baptize. REBEL, v. To revolt, after being conquered 5 to rise against lawful authority. L. reoelh : comp. oi re, again, and belb, to wage war: iellufn, war. REB— REC REBUILD, v. To build again. L. re, again, and build. REBUS, s. A word represented by a picture. L. rebus, (abl. pi. of res,) by things. REBUT, v. To repel. F. rebuier .■ L. re, back, and batuo, to beat. RECANT, v. To retract ; to contradict one's former professions. L. recanto : comp. of re, again, and canto, to sing. RECAPITULATE, v. To repeat the heads of a former discourse ; to capitulate again. F. recapituler .- L. re, again, and capitulatim, by heads or chapters: caput, a head. RECEDE, v. To fall back 5 to retreat. L. recede: re, back, and cedo, to depart. RECEIPT, s. The act of receiving ; written evidence of a thing re- ceived. L. receptum : receptus, p. part, of recipio. See RECEIVE. RECEIVE, v. To take or get into one's possession ; to embrace intel- lectually ; to admit. F. recevoir .• L. recipio : re, back, or again, and capio, to take. RECENT, adj. New ; late ; fresh. L. recens, new. RECEPTACLE, s. A vessel or place into which any thing is received. L. receptaculum. See RECEIPT. RECEPTION, s. Act of receiving 5 state of being received. See RECEIPT. RECEPTIVE, adj. Having the faculty of receiving. See RECEIPT. RECESS, s. Retirement; secession; place of retirement, or secrecy; a niche. L. recessus, part, of recedo. See RECEDE. RECESSION, s. Act of receding. L. recessio. See RECESS. RECIPE', s. A medical prescription ; a direction for apportioning the ingredients of any compound. L. imper. of recipio. See RECEIPT. RECIPIENT, s. The thing which receives. L. recipiens, part, of re- cipio. See RECEIVE. RECIPROCAL, adj. Alternate ; mutual. L. reciprocus, going, or flowing, backward and forward: comp. of re, back, capio, to take, and pro, forward. RECITATIVE, or REGIT ATIVO. s. Chaunt; a kind of tuneful pro- nunciation, more musical than common speech, and less musical than song. See RECITE. RECITE, v. To rehearse ; to repeat ; to enumerate. L. recito : from re, again, and ciio, to call [into the memory.]. RECLAIM, v. To recall ; to reform ; to correct ; to restore to a state of arability. L. reclamo : re, back, and clamo, to call. RECLAMATION, s. Act of reclaiming. See RECLAIM. RECLINE, v. To lean back ; to repose. L. recllno: re, back, and clino, to bend. RECLUSE, adj. Secluded. F. rectus : L. re, back, and clausus,p. part, of claudo, to shut. RECOGNISANCE, s. Acknowledgment; bond of acknowledgment, with regard to a debt, or to a penalty that may accrue by non- appearance in a court of law. F. reconnoissance, (formerly recogni- sance.) See RECOGNISE. RECOGNISE, v. To know again. L. re, again, and cognosco, to know. RECOGNITION, s. Act of recognising ; renovation of knowledge* L. recognitio. See RECOGNISE, REC— REC RECOIL, v. To rush back ; to retire rapidly from some opposing dan- ger. F. reader.- re, buck, and cul, the breech. RECOIN. p. To coin over again. L. re, again, and coin. RECOLLECT, v. To collect again ; to restore to the memory. L. re, again, and collect. RECOMMEND, v. To commend, to another, that which is already commended to one's-self' ; to make acceptable. L. re, again, and commend. RECOMMIT, v. To commit again. L. re, again, and commit. RECOMPENSE, v. To requite; to. give an equivalent. F. recom- penser : L. re, back, and compenso, to recompense: con, with, and pensus, p. part, or pendo, to pay. RECONCILE, v. To cause a renewal of affection or regard ; to make consistent. L. reconciHo .• re, again, and concilio, to join. See CONCILIATE. RECONNOITRE- v. To view? to explore. F.comp. of re, again, and conno'ire, to know. RECORD, v. To cause to be remembered ; to register. L. recorder : re, again, and cor, the heart, or mind. RECOUNT, v. To relate in detail ; to reckon again. F. recontre: re, again, and confer, to count, or reckon. RECOURSE, s. Return; access. F. recourse L. recursus : from re- curro : re, back, and curro, to run. RECREANT, adj. Cowardly; crying" out for mercy; recanting through fear. F. recriant, part, of recrier : from re, back, or again, and crier, to cry out. RECREATE, v. To refresh after toil ; to amuse or divert. L. recreo .- re, again, and creatus, p. part, of creo, to make. RECREMENT, s. Superfluous or useless parts ; dross. L. recremen- tum .- re, back, and cresco, to increase, or creo, to create ; meaning, the reverse of increment. See INCREMENT. RECRIMINATE, v. To charge, with another crime, the person who has made the first charge. L. re, back, and criminate. RECRUIT, v. To repair by a new supply ; to restore in number a wasted army. F. recruier : re, again, and croiire, to increase: L. cresco, to grow. RECTANGLE, s. A figure which has one angle or more, of ninety degrees. L. rectus, straight, and angulus, an angle. RECTIFY, v. To make right ; to correct ; to refine or strengthen by repeated distillation. F. rectifier: L. rectus, straight, or just, and facio, to make. RECTILINEAR, adj. Consisting of right lines. L. rectus, straight, arid linea, a line. RECTITUDE, s. Honesty ; freedom from moral curvity or obliquity. F. rectitude: L. rectum. : from rectus, (p. part, ofrego,) ruled or or- dered: meaning that which is ordered to be done. RECTOR, s. A governor ; a clergyman who receives higher tythes than a vicar. L. rector : rectus, p. part, ofrego, to rule. RECUMBENT, adj. Lying, or leaning. L. recuinbens, part, of re- cumho : re, back, and cumbo, to lie clown. RECUR, v. To happen agam ; to come back to the memory ; to have recourse to. L. recurro .- re, again, or back, and curro f to run, REC— REP RECURVOUS. adj. Bent backwards. L. recurvus: re, backhand curvus, crooked, or bent. REDEEM, v. To ransom ; to pay the penalty of; to rescue. L. re- dimo : re, back, or again, and emo, to buy. REDEMPTION, s. Ransom; release; rescue. L. redemptio: re- demptus, p. part, ofredimo. See REDEEM. REDOLENT, adj. Sweet-smelling. L. redolens, part, ofredoleo: from re, back, and oleo, to yield a smell. REDOUBLE, v. To doable again ; to renew with increased assiduity. L. re, again, and double. REDOUND, v. To be sent back by reaction ; to conduce ; to pro- ceed. L. redundo: re, back, and undo, to spread as waves, or abound: unda, a wave. REDRESS, v. To amend ; to remedy ; to relieve ; to ease. F. re- dresser: L. re, again, and directus, p. part, of dirigo, to direct or range : di, separately, and rego, to rule or set right. REDUCE, v. To biing to the former state ; to reform ; to bring to a state of diminution ; to degrade ; to subdue. L. reduco : re, back, and duco, to lead. REDUCTION, s. Act of reducing ; science of reducing. F. reduc- tion: L. reductio : from reductus, p. part, of reduco. See REDUCE. REDUNDANT, adj. Superabundant ; superfluous. L. redundans, p. part, of redundo, to overflow: comp. of re, back, and undo, to spread as waves, or abound: unda, a wave. See REDOUND. REDUPLICATE, v. To double. L re, again, and duplicate. REFECTION, s. Refreshment. F. refection: L. refectio : refectus, p. part, of 'rejicio, to repair: re, again, and facio, to make. REFECTORY, s. Room of refreshment ; eating room. F. refectoire. See REFECTION. REFER, v. To direct one person to another, or to some document, for information or judgment ; to direct the mind to, as the ultimate object or end. L. refero .• re, back, and fero, to cany. REFINE, v. To make doubly fine ; to purify. L. re, again, and fine. REFLECT, v. To throw back ; to bend back ; to turn the thoughts upon the past ; to throw reproach or censure. L. rejiecto : re, back, and fiecto, to bend. REFLEX, adj. Directed backward. L. rejlexus, p. part, of reftecto. See REFLECT. REFLUENT, adj. Flowing back. L. refiuens, part, ofrejluo : re, back, and Jiuo, to flow. REFLUX, s. Backward course. L. rejluxus, part, of rejluo. See REFLUENT. REFORM, v. To remodel ; to free from impurity. L. re, again, and form. REFRx\CT. v. To break the natural course (of rays.) L. refractum, sup. of refringo: from re, back, and frango, to break. REFRACTORY, adj. Obstinate ; contumacious ; rebellious. L. re- fractarius : refracius, p. part, of refringo : comp. of re, back, and frango, to break. This word should be written Refractory. REFRAGABLE. adj. Capable of confutation. L. refragabilis : refra*- gor, to resist, or deny : re, again, and frango, to break. REF— REG REFRAIN, v. To hold back ; to restrain. F. refrener .• L. re, back- and fraeno, to curb: frasnum, a bridle. REFRANGIBLE, adj. Rays of light are refrangible, because they can be refracted or turned out of their way, in passing from one trans- parent body to another. L. re, back, andfrango, to break. REFRIGERATE, v. To cool ; or rather to bring to a former state of coolness. L. refrigero : re, back, or again, and frigus, cold. REFUGE. 5. Shelter from danger or distress ; protection. F. refuge ; L. refugium: re, back, and fugio, to flee. REFUGEE, s. One who seeks or has obtained a place of refuge. F. refugii. See REFUGE. REFULGENT, adj. Shining back ; glittering ; bright ; splendid. L. refulgens, p. part, ofrefulgeo: re, back, and fulgeo, to shine. REFUND, v. To repay ; to restore. L. refundo: re, back, and fundo, to pour. REFU'SE. v. To reject ; to deny what is solicited or required ; not to comply with. F. refuser: L. refusum, sup. of refundo. : re, back, arid fundo, to pour. RE'FUSE. s. That which is rejected; remainder after the rest is taken. See the verb. REFUTE, v. To prove false or erroneous. L. refuto } re, back, and futo, to disprove. REGAL, adj. Royal. F. regale: L. regalis : regis, gen. of rex, a king: rego, to rule. REGALIA, s. Ensigns of the regal office ; things to which a king claims a right, independent of the state. L. See REGAL. REGARD, v . To feel an interest in ; to observe ; to consider ; to re- spect or esteem. F. regarder : re, back, and garder, to keep, or preserve. REGENERATE, v.- To reproduce ; to give a new nature. L. re, again, and generate: (regenero.) REGENT, s. A governor ; a vice-king. F. regent : L. regens, part. of rego, to rule. REGICIDE, s. Murderer of his king, — regicida,- murder of his king, — regicidium : regis, gen. of rex, a king, and caedo, to kill. REGIMEN, s. Mode ; mode of diet and living, suitable to a particular course of medicine or state of body. L. from rego, to rule. REGIMENT, s. A body of soldiers having a name or a number, and commanded by a colonel. Old F, regiment : L. rego, to rule, or govern. REGION, s. Tract of land ; tract of space ; part of the body. F. re- gion : L. regio ; from rego, to rule ; meaning that portion which is subject, to one ruler. REGISTER, s. A record, or regular account; the officer who records. F. registre : L. registrum : regestus, p. part, of regero : re, back, or again, and gero, to cany. REGNANT, adj. This term, when applied to a queen, must be distin- f>:n^-;d from the word regent. A qaeen-regna7it reigns in her own ., as did Elizabeth : a queen-regmtf is appointed to reign in the ce of another. See REIGN. jRESS. s. Passage back; power of returning. L. regressm : from /egredior: re, back, and gradior, to go: gradus, a step. REG— REL REGULAR, adj. Agreeable to rule ; orderly ; relating to a certain species of geometrical figures. L. regularis • rego, to rule. REGURGITATE, v. To flow back with violence. L. re, back, and gurges, a whirlpool. REIGN, v. To enjoy or exercise sovereign authority ; -to be predomi- nant. L. regno : from rego, to ride. REIMBURSE, v. To repay. L. re, back, in, into, and bursa, a purse. REINTEGRATE, v. To repair ; to restore. L. re, again, and integro, to renew: integer, entire. REITERATE, v. To repeat ag-ain and again. L. re, again, and iterate. REJECT, v. To throw back 5 to throw aside ; to cast off; to refuse. L. rejectum, sup. of rejiciu .■ re, back, &nd jacio, to throw. REJUVENESCENCE, s. State of growing young. L. re, again, and juvenescens, part of juvenesco, to grow young, RELAPSE, v. To slip or fall back ; to return to any former state 5 to return to a former opinion or profession. X. relapsus, part, of relet- bar: re, back, and labor, to slide. RELATE, v. To tell ; to recite ; to have reference. L. relatum, sup. ofrefero; re, back, or again, and fero, to bring. RELAX. Vr To slacken ; to make less tense ; to make less severe ; to ease. L. relaxo ,• re, back, or again, and laxo, to loosen. RELAY, s. Horses on a road to relieve others. F. relais ,• re, again, and laisser, to leave : L. laxo, to loosen. RELEASE, v. To set free; to free from obligation or penalty; to lease again. F. re, again, and laisser, to leave, let, or yield. L. laxo, to loosen. RELENT, v. To soften in temper ; to feel compassion. F. relentir ,• L. re, again, and lenitus, p. part, of lenio, to soften. RELEVANT, adj. Relieving; aiding. F. part, of relever ,- L. relevo ; comp. of re, again, and levo, to lift. RELIC, or RELIQUE. s. That which remains ; (in the plural, bodily remains ,-) something retained in memory of a person, with a reli- gious, or superstitious veneration. Y.relique; L. reliquiae ; relictus, (p. part, of relinquo, } left behind: re, back, and linquo, to leave. RELICT, s. A woman left desolate by tne death of her husband ; a widow. L. relictus, p. part, of relinquo. See RELIC. RELIEVE, v. To ease from pain, sorrow, or oppression ; to ease from military or other duty ; to improve the appearance, by contrast. L. relevo ; re, again, and levo, to lift. RELIGION, s. Reverence of a Supreme Being ; united, especially in Christians, with a solemn and awful expectation of everlasting hap- piness, in a future state, as the reward of obedience to God, — or of torment, as the reward of sin: particular species of religious opin- ions. F. religion; L. religio ,• from religo, to bind fast: re, back, and ligo, to bind. RELINQUISH, v. To leave with reluctance ; to quit ; to desert. L. relinquo ; re, back, and linquo, to leave. RELUCENT. adj. Shining ; transparent. L. relucens, part, of relu- ceo ; re, back, and luceo, to shine. RELUCTANT, adj. Unwilling. L. reluctans ; re, back, and lucio, t» wrestle. REL— REN RELUME, or RELUMINE. v. To relight ; to rekindle. L. re, again, and lumen, light. RELY. r. To lean or rest upon with confidence; to put trust in, (with mi.) F. re, back, and Her, to tie, or unite: L. llgo. REMAIN. r. To be left; to be left out ; to stay; to continue. L. re- moneo ,■ comp. of re, back, and manco, to stay, or wait. REMAINDER, s. That which remains ; in law, the last chance of in- heritance. See REMAIN. REMAND, v. To call back ; to send back. L. re, back, and mando, to bid, or send away. REMARK, v. To note 5 to observe. F. remarquer ,- re, again, and marquer, to mark. REMEDY, s. Means of cure; means of counteracting any evil; reliefs L. remedium : G. rncdos, care, advice. REMINISCENCE. s. Recollection; recovery of ideas. L. reminis- cens ; re, again, and memini, to remember. REMISS, adj. Careless ; slothful. L. remissus, p. part, of remitio- See REMIT. REMISSION, s. Act of remitting. L. remissio ; remissus, p. part of remitto. See REMIT, REMIT. «. To send back ; to release from ^ to pardon ; to defer ; to refer ; to abate. L. remitto ,• comp. of re, back, and mitto, to send. REMNANT* s. Remainder. L. rentanens, part, of rememeo. See REMAIN. REMONSTRATE, v. To show reasons, in strong terms, accompa- nied by expressions indicating a sense of injury. L. remonstroi re, back, or again, and monstro, to show. REMORSE, s. Pain, from guilt; sorrow, arising from a sense of having injured. L. remorsus, part, of remordeo,- from re, back, or again, and rnordeo, to bite. REMOTE, adj. Far removed ; distant. L. remotus, p. part, of remo- veo 1 re, back, and moveo, to move. REMOVE, v. To displace ; to go to another place ; to transplant ; to place at a distance. L. rtmoveo ,• re, back, or again, and moveo, to move. REMUNERATE, v. To repay ; to reward. L. remunero ; re, again, and munero, to gift: rnunus, a g-ift, or service. RENASCENT, adj. Rising again into being. L. renascens, part, of renascor ,• re, again, and nuscor, to be born. RENCONTRE, or RENCOUNTER- s. Collision or opposition; battle. F. rencontre,- re, again, and encontre^ a chance or adventure: en, intq, and confre, against: L. in, and contra. RENDEZVOUS, s. Assembly ; place appointed for assembling. P. rendezvous ,■ rendez, imper. ofrendre, to return, and vous, you. RENOUNCE, y. To disown ; to relinquish ; to quit upon oath. L. re- nuntio ; re, again, and nuntio* to tell, or declare. RENOVATE, v. To renew; to refresh. L. renovo; re, again, and novo, to make new: from novus, new. RENOWN, s. Reverberation of a name ; great and established reputa- tion. F. renomm^e .- L. re, back, or again, and nomen, a name. RENT. s. Revenue ; money paid for any thing held of another. L» rediius; from redeo, to return: re, back^ and eo, to go. R REX— REP RENUNCIATION, s. Act of renouncing". L. renuntiatio. See RE- NOUNCE. REPAIR, v. To amend ; to replace, or restore. L. reparo ,- re, again, and paro, to make, or shape. REPARABLE, adj. Capable of being- repaired. L. repurabills. See REPAIR. REPARATION, s. Act of repairing ; amends. L. reparatio. See REPAIR. REPARTEE, s. Smart reply. F. repartie ,■ from repartir, to divide again, or reply: L. re, and partio. REPAST, s. A meal ; food ; refreshment. F. repus .- L. re, again, and pastus, p. part, of paseo, to feed. REPEAL, v. To revoke ; to annul. F. rappeller ; L. re, back, and appello, to call. 'REPEAT. t\ To speak, use, or try, again ; to recite : to denote the time of day, (as a repeating watch.) L. repeto, to ask again: comp, of re, again, and peto, to beseech, ask, seek after, &c. -REPEL. i\ To drive back; to rebut. L. rep el la ,• re, back, and pello, to drive away. REPENT, v. To think on any thing past with sorrow ; to express sor- row for something past ; to change the mind. F. repentir : L. re, again, and penitus, within. REPERCUSSION, s. Rebound. L. repercussio ,■ repercussus, p. part, of repercutio • re, back, and percutio, to strike : per, through, and quatio, to shake. REPERTORY, s. A magazine ; a book in which information on cer- tain subjects is to be found. F. repertoire: L. repertorium ,• from repertus, p. part, ofreperio, to find, or discover. REPETITION. 6-. Act of repeating; thing repeated. L. repetitio. See REPEAT. REPLENISH, v. To refill. L. re, again, and plenum, full. REPLETE, adj. Full, — meaning in a high degree. F. replete : L. repletus, p. part, of repleo ; re, again, or in a high degree, and ple Aim; intention; room, &c. L. scopus : G. skeptomai, to look. SCORIA, s. Dross; recrement. L. scoria: Q. skoria ,- skor, dung. SCORPIO, s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. scorpio, a scorpion. SCOTOMY. s. A dizziness of the head, which causes dimness of sight. G. skotoma ,- skoto-o, to darken. SCOURGE, s. A whip ; an instrument of punishment ; a punishment; one that harasses, or destroys. F. zscourgge : L. corrigia ; from corrigo, to correct: con, with, and rego, to rule. SCRIBBLE, v. To write without use or elegance ; to write carelessly or ill. L. scribillo ; scribo, to write. SCRIBE, s. A writer. This term was much used before the invention of printing. L. scriba.,- scribo, to write. SCRIPTURE, s. Sacred writing ; (plural,) the Bible, L. scriptura ; scribo, to write. • SCRIVENER, s. One who writes contracts; one who writes under the superintendence of an attorney. L. scribo, to write. SCRUPLE, s. Doubt; difficulty of determination, generally respecting minute things ; twenty grains ; proverbially, any small quantity. L. scrupulusj from scrutor, to search diligently, or explore. SCRUTABLE. adj. Discoverable by scrutiny. See SCRUTINY. SCRUTINY, s. Minute search, or examination. L. scrutinium ,• scrutor, to search diligently, or explore: from scruta, lumber ; meaning to search amongst rubbish, SCRUTOIRE. s. A cabinet for writings, F. ecritoire, (formerly escri- toire:) ecrire, to write. SCULPTOR, s. A carver ; one who cuts wood or stone into images* L. sculptor ; sculptus, p, part, ofsculpo, to carve, or grave. ._, SCU— SEU SCURRILOUS, adj. Grossly opprobrious ; vile; low. L. scurrilis , • scurra, a scoffer, or buffoon. SEBACIC. « and status, part, of sto, to stand. SOL— SPA SOLSTITIAL, ad;'. Relating" or pertaining to the solstice. L. SQlstiti.- alis. See SOLSTICE. SOLUBLE, adj. Capable of being- dissolved. L. solubilis ,• from soho, to loosen, or melt. SOLUTION. 5. Act of dissolving- ; matter dissolved ; explanation. F. solution: L. solutio ; solutus, p. part, of solvo, to loosen, untie, or melt. SOLVE, v. To explain ; to make intelligible. L. solvo, to loosen, or untie. SOLVENT, adj. Having the power of dissolving- ; having* the means of paying- debts contracted, and thus dissolving- an obligation. L. solvens, part, of solvo, to loosen, discharge, or melt. SOMNAMRULATE. v. To walk while asleep. L. somnus, sleep, and ambulo, to walk. SOMNIFEROUS, adj. Causing- sleep. L. sopinifer : comp. of somnus, sleep, and fero, to bring-. SOMNIFIC, adj. Causing- sleep. L. somnus, sleep,, and facio, to make. SOMNOLENCY, s. Sleepiness; inclination to sleep. L. somnolentia: somnus, sleep. SONATA. *. A tune. Italian ; from the L. sono, to sound. SONNET, s. A short poem, or species of song-. F. sonnet : L. sorw, to sound. SOPHISM, s. A fallacious argument, ingeniously framed ; an unsound. subtlety. G. sophisma, something- invented: sophia, wisdom. SOPHIST, s. A professor of philosophy ; a framer of sophisms, ox prating- caviller. G. sophistes ; sophia, wisdom. SOPHISTER. s. A disputant, fallaciously subtle 5 one who frames sophisms ; a particular sank in some universities. See SOPHIST. SOPHISTICATED, part adj. Fallacious; spurious; adulterated. See SOPHIST, and SOPHISTER. SOPHISTRY, s. Fallacious argumentation ; logical exercise. See SOPHIST. SOPORIFIC, adj. Causing sleep. L. sopor, sleep, smd facio, to make. SORCERER, s. A pretended enchanter or magician. L. sortiarius ,• from sortis, gen. of sors, a lot, or chance. SORDID, adj. Mean; vile; base; covetous; niggardly. L. sordidus ; from sordes, filth. SORORICIDE. s. Murder of a sister. L. soror, a sister, and cmdo, to kill. SORT. s. A kind ; a species ; rank. F. sorte .• L. sors, a lot, chance, condition, kind. SOURCE, s. Spring; head; origin. F. source: L. surgo, to arise. SOVEREIGN, adj. Supreme in power; chief; supremely efficacious, F. souperaine .• L. super, above, and regno, to reign. SPACE, s. Room ; quantity of time ; the relation of distance between any two bodies or points. L. spatium, a space of ground or time ; but, properly, a stage or distance in racing. SPACIOUS, adj. AVide ; extensive ; roomy. L. spatiosus. See SPACE. SPARSE, adj. Scattered ; far apart. L. sparsus, p. part, of spargo^ to sprinkle* SPA— SPH SPASM, s. Convulsion ; violent and involuntary contraction. G. spasma ,• from spao, to draw, or pluck. SPASMODIC, adj. Convulsive. See SPASM. SPECIAL, adj. Particular ; peculiar ; appropriate ; designed for a particular purpose ; extraordinary ; uncommon. L. specialis. See SPECIES. SPECIES. 5.. A sort ; a subdivision of a general term ; single order of beings. L. species, a form, figure, or sort ; from specio, to see. SPECIFIC, adj. Relating or pertaining to the qualities which make or distinguish a species ; appropriated to the cure of some one species of distemper. F. specifique : L. species, a sort, and facio, to make. SPECIFY, v. To mention a species or sort by some particular marks of distinction ; to show or declare particularly, not generally. F. specifier .- L. species, a sort, and facio, to make, or delineate. SPECIMEN, s. A sample ; a part of any divisible species, exhibited, that the rest may be known. L. See SPECIES. SPECIOUS, adj. Showy ; plausible ; apparently, but not really right or valuable. L. speciosus ,- from specio, to see. SPECTACLE, s. Any thing perceived by the sight ; a show ; some- thing exhibited to the view as eminently remarkable ; (in the plu- ral,) glasses to aid the sight. F. spectacle : L. spectaculum ,- spedum, sup. of specio, to see. SPECTATOR, s. A lont-pr.nn • a beholder. L. spectator. See SPECTACLE- SPECTRE, s. An apparition ; a phantasm. F. spectre .• L. spectrum ; specio, to see. SPECTRUM. 5. An image ; a visible form. Ocular spectra are images presented to the eye, after removing them from a bright object, or closing them. L. from specio, to see. SPECULAR, adj. Having the qualities of a mirror or looking-glass. L. specularis ,> specio, to see. SPECULATE, v. To look forward with the mind ; to conjecture ; to purchase any thing under the impression of a future advance in its value, — or to sell in expectation of a decline. L. specular: from specio, to see. SPECULUM, s. A mirror ; a looking-glass ; that in which representa- tions are formed by reflexion. L. speculum ,• specio, to see. SPERM, s. Seed; that by which a species is continued. G. spermu; speiro, to sow. SPERMATIC, adj. Seminal; consisting of seed ; belonging to or con- taining sperm. See SPERM. SPERMOLOGIST. s. One who gathers and treats of seeds. G. sper- mologos: comp. of sper ma, seed, and logos, a description. SPHACELUS, s. A gangrene ; a mortification of the flesh. G. spha- ■ kelos ; from sphazo, to destroy. SPHERE, s. A globe ; a solid body, contained under one, uniform, round surface, every point of which is equally distant from a certain point in the middle, called its centre ; orb ; circuit of motion ; indi- vidual compass of knowledge or action ; particular employment. L. sphsera: G. sphaira, a bowl, or any thing that is round. SPHEROID, s. A solid body, oblong or oblate, approaching the form, of a sphere. G. sphaira, a sphere, and eidos, a shape. sph— spu SPHINCTER. 5. A muscle which binds up or draws together any pas* sage or duct of the body. G. sphingo, to shut up. SPINE, s. The back-bone. L. spina, a thorn, a prickle, a pin, the back-bone, [or that which pins the body together.] SPIN;E. s. In botany, thorns or rigid prickles. L. pi. of spina, a thorn. SPINIFEROUS. adj. Bearing thorns. L. spina, a thorn, and fero, xo bear. SPINOUS, adj. Thorny; full of thorns. L..spinosus; spina, a thorn. SPIRACLE, s. A breathing hole ; a vent ; a small aperture. L. spi- rant lum ,• spiro, to breathe. SPIRAL, adj. Curve ; winding ; circularlv formed, Eke a screw. See SPIRE. SPIRE, s. A curve line ; a curl ; a wreath ; a building of a taper form, on the outside or inside of which winding stairs are built ; any build- ing' of a taper form, without winding stairs. L. spira: from the G. speira, a rope ; alluding to the winding convolutions of the several plies of a rope. SPIRIT, s. Breath ; principle of animal life; an immaterial substance; an intellectual being ; the human soul ; a spectre ; temper ; ardour ; courage ; enterprise ; desire ; characteristical likeness ; an inflam- mable and intoxicating liquor, obtained by distillation. L. spiriius ; spiro, to breathe. SPIRITUAL, adj. Distinct from matter ; incorporeal ; relating to the soul ; not temporal ; relating to eternity ; ecclesiastical. F. spiri- tuel: 'L.spiritualis. See SPIRIT. SPIRITUOUS, adj. Having the quality of distilled spirit. F. spiritueiix* See SPIRIT. SPLEEN, s. The milt; one of the intestine members, the use of which is scarcely known. It is fancied to be the seat of anger, melancholy, and mirth ; hence, the application of the term, in relation to these passions. L. and G. splen. SPLENDID, adj. Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous. F splendide .- L. splendidus ,- splendeo, to shine. SPLENETIC, adj. Troubled with the spleen ; fretful; peevish. F, sphhdique. See SPLEEN. SPOIL, v. To cany away by force ; to plunder ; to injure ; to grow useless. L. spolio ; from the G. spao, to draw, or pluck off. SPOLIATION, s. Act of spoiling or plundering. L. spoliatio. See SPOIL. SPONSOR, s. One who makes a promise or gives security for another L. sponsor ,- sponsus, p. part, ofspondeo, to promise willingly. SPONTANEOUS, adj. Voluntary ; natural; without cultivation. L. • spontaneus ,- from spondeo, to promise willingly. SPOUSE, s. One joined in marriage ; a husband or wife. F. epouse, (formerly espouse.-) L. sponsa; sponsus, p. part, of spondeo, to pro- mise willingly. SPRIGHT, oi SPRITE, s.- A spirit ; an apparition. This word is a contraction of Spirit. SPRIGHTLY, adj. Airy ; with spirit ; lively. See SPRIGHT. SPUME, s. Foam, or froth. L. spuma ; spuo, to spit: and, from the same root, is derived the verb spew, SQU— ST A SQUADRON. 5. Originally, signified a body of troops drawn up square It now denotes part of an army, or part of a fleet, and sometimes, a small fleet. F. escadron .- Italian, squadroiie : L. quadratus. squared. SQUALID, adj. Foul ; nasty ; filthy. L. squalidus ,- squako, to be filthy. SQUAMOUS, adj. Scaly ; -covered with scales. L. squameus ,• squa- ma, the scale of a fish, &c. SQUIRE, s. This word, a contraction of Esquire, is used, by the pea- santiy of England, to denote a country gentleman ; and signifies, in some parts of the United States of America, a justice of the peace. STABILITY, s. Capability of standing; steadiness; firmness. F. sta- bility : L. stabilitas. See STABLE. STABLE, adj. Capable of standing ; steady ; firm. L. stabilis : sto, to stand. STABLE, s. A house for beasts. L. staiulum .• sto, to stand. • STAGNANT, adj. Motionless*; not flowing. L. stagnans, part.- of stagno, to stand still: sio, to stand. STAGNATE, v. To become motionless ; to have no course or stream, L. stagnatus, p. part, of stagno, to stand still. STALACTITE, s. Spar, in the shape of an icicle, formed by water dropping from the fissures of a rock. G. stalazo, to drop. STAMINA, s. First principles; solids of the human body; (in botany,) little threads or capillaments, which grow up within the flowers of plants, and encompass the style. L. pi. of stamen, hemp, flax, &c. placed on a distaff for spinning, — or a thread: G. istemi, to place, or build. STAMINEOUS. s. In botany, consisting of stamina, or threads. L.' stamineiis. See .STAMINA. STANNARY, s. The stannary courts, in Devonshire and Cornwall, are for the administration of justice amongst persons working or con- cerned in the tin mines. L. , stannarius ,- from stannium, tin. STATE, s. Condition ; circumstances of nature or fortune ; degree ; ceremonious order, or position ; rank ; grandeur ; nation or com- monwealth. L. status ; status, p. part, of sto, to stand. STATE, v. To represent the state or condition, in all the circumstances of modification ; to explain. See the noun. STATED, part. adj. Established ; ordained ; regular. L. status, p. part, of sto, to stand, or continue. STATICS, s. The science which considers the weight of bodies. G. statike ,- statos, part, of istemi, to stand, or sustain. STATION. 5. Appointed place of standing or assembling ; session at an appointed place ; post ; office ; situation ; rank ; condition of life. F. station: L. statio ; status, p. part, of sto, to stand. STATIONER, s. A vender of books, &c. who remains in one station or fixed place, but does not sell as an itinerant, or pedler. See STATION. STATUE, s. A standing image. F. statue: L. statua,- status, p. part, of sto, to stand. STATU QUO. In its (his, her, or their,) former state. L. statu, in the state, quo, in which ; status and qui. STA— STR STATURE. *• The height of any animal, measured when standing. F. stature: L. statura ,- status, p. part, of sfo, to stand. JSTJTtTS QUO. The "status quo ante bellum," the state in which [the several belligerents were] before the war, L. STATUTE, s. A law, intended to be permanent and general, not made for a temporary or particular purpose. F. statut : L. statu- turn ; status, p. part, of sto, to stand, or continue. STEGANOGRAPHY. s. The art of writing secretly, in ciphers. G= steganos, secret, and grapho, to write. ' STEGNOSfS. 8. An obstruction of the pores of the body ; the sup- pression of any evacuation. G. stegno-o, to bind. STEGNOTIC. adj. Binding ; rendering costive. G. stegnotikos; from stegno-o, to bind.- STELLAR, adj. Astral ; relating to the stars. L. stella, a star. STELLATE, adj. Pointed in the manner of an irradiating star. L. stellatus, part, ofstellor,- stella, a star. STENOGRAPHY. ,s. Short-hand. G. stems, short, and grapho, to write. STERCORACEOUS. adj. Relating to dung ; partaking of the nature of dung. L. stercoraccus ; stercoris, gen. of stercus, dung. STEREOGRAPHY. 5. Art of drawing the forms of solid bodies on a plane. G. stereos, solid, and grapho, to write. STEREOMETRY, s. The art of measuring solid bodies. G. stereos, solid, and metreo, to measure. STEREOTYPE, s. Stereotype printing is by types cast together, in a solid plate ; not by types, each of which can be separated from the others. G stereos, solid, and tupos, a type. ' STERIL. adj. Barren ; unfruitful. L. sterilis ; from the G. stereo, to take away. STIGMA, s. A mark of infamy. G. stigma ; from stizo, to brand. STIGMATIZE, v. To brand, or distinguish by a mark of infamy. See STIGMA. STILL, s. A vessel used in distilling. See DISTIL. STIMULATE, v. To excite forward ; to influence by some pungent motive ; to increase the animal spirits. L. stimuh j to prick: G» stigme, a point. STIPEND, s. Salary 5 settled pay. L. stipendium ,• from stipis, a piece of money, with which the Roman soldiers were anciently paid^ by weight, SLTt'dpendo, to pay. STIPENDIARY. 5. One who receives a stipend. See STIPEND. ST1PTIC. adj. See STYPTIC. STIPULATE, v. To bargain ; to contract ; to settle terms. Ln stipU' ■ lor ; from stlpo, to fill up close. . STOIC, s. One who holds the doctrines of the heathen philosopher, Zeno. L. stoicus : G. stoikos / from stoa, a porch, in which Zeno taught. STOMACH, s. The ventricle in which food is digested ; appetite. L> stomachus .• G. stoma, a mouth, and echo, to have. STORY, s. History ; a small tale ; a petty fiction. See HISTORY. STRAIGHT, adj. Not crooked ; turning neither to the right nor left 5 direct. See STRAIT. T STR— STU STRAIN, v. To squeeze through something ; to. filter ; to sprain ; to put to its utmost strength. F. estreindre.- L. stringo, to tighten, or bind. STRAIT, adj. Narrow ; close ; confined ; strict, s. a narrow pass ; distress ; difficulty. . F. etroit, formerly estroit. L. strictus, p. part. ■ of stringo, to tighten, or bind. STRANGER, s. A foreigner ; one unknown ; a guest ; one unac- quainted. F. etranger ,- from the L. extraneus, foreign : extra, without. STRANGLE, v. To choke ; to suffocate ; to kill by insercepting the breath ; to hinder from birth or appearance. L. strangulo : G. strangulo-o, to writhe, or twist. STRANGURY, s. A painful difficulty in passing urine. L. stranguria: G. strangouria ; comp. of sirangx, a drop, and ouron, urine. STRATA, s. Layers. Plural of Stratum. L. .STRATAGEM, s. An artifice in war ; a trick,, by which some advan- tage is endeavoured to be gained. L. stratagema : G. strategema ,■ from strategeo, to command an army: comp. of stratos, an army, and ago, to lead. STRATAGY. s. The art of conducting a war. See STRATAGEM. STRATEOLOGY. s. A discourse on the art of conducting a war; the. art of conducting a war. G. stratos, an army, and logos, a word, or discourse. STRATIFY, v. To arrange in strata, or layers. F. stratijier : L. stra- tum, a bed, or layer, zndfacio, to make. STRATUM, s. A layer. L. stratum ,- stratus, p. part, of sterno, to STREET, s. A way (properly. a paved way,) between two rows of houses ; the houses which bound the way. Derived, through the Saxon, from stratum: which is from stratus, p. part, of siemo, to spread. STRENUOUS, adj. Active ; zealous ; ardently laborious. L. strenuus, brisk. STRESS, s. "Violence ; force ; importance imputed. L. strictm, p. part, of stringo. See STRAIN. STRIJE. { s. In natural history, the small grooves or channels in the shells of cockles, scallops, &c. L. pi. of stria, a groove. STRIATE, or STRIATED, adj. Formed in striae. L. striatus, p. part. ofstrio, to groove. STRICT, adj. Exact ; accurate ; rigorously attentive to rules 5 severe ; confined ; tight. L. strictus, p. part, of stringo, to tighten, or bind. STRICTURE, s. Contraction; critical remark. L. sirktura ; strictus, p. part, of stringo, to grasp, or hold fast. STRUCTURE, s. Act of building ; practice of building 5 that which is built ; form; arrangement of words. F. structure; L. siructura; structus, p. part, ofstruo, to pile up. STUDENT, s. One who is studying. L. studens, part, of studeo, to study. STUDY, s. Earnest application of the mind to books and learning ; deep cogitation ; any particular kind of learning ; a room for study- ing in. L. studium ; studeo, to apply the mind to, or desire eagerly. STU— SUB STULTIFY, v. To turn to a fool j to stupefy. L. stultus, foolish, and Jio, to become. STUPEFACTION, s. Act of stupefying- ; state of being stupefied. F. gfjppef action .- L. st upef actus, p. part, of stupefacio. Se'e STUPEFY. STUPEFY, v. To make stupid. L. stupefacio,- comp. of stupor, sense- lessness, suidfacio, to make. STUPID, aoj/: Dull ; wanting- sensibility ; wanting* apprehension ; sluggish. L. stupidus. See STUPOR. STUPOR, s. Suspension or diminution of sensibility. L. stupor,- from the G. stupho, to tie fast. STYGIAN, adj. Relating or pertaining to the river Styx ; hellish ; in* fernal. L. styglus ,• Stygis, gen. of Styx, the poetical infernal lake. G. Siux ; from stugeo, to tremble. STYLE, s, A pointed iron, used anciently in writing on tables of wax; manner of writing, with regard to the language ; manner of execut- ing, effecting, or acting, in general ; title ; appellation ; the pin of a dial, &c. L. stylus : G. stubs, a column. STYPTIC, or STYPTIC M^adj. .Astringent ; efficacious in stopping a flow of blood. L. stypticus : G. stuptikos ,- stupho, to tie fast, or bind. SUASIVE. adj. Persuasive. L. suadeo, to persuade. SUJiVITER IN MO DO. Gently in the manner ; an expression op- posed to fortiter in r.e .- which see. L. SUAVITY, s. Agreeableness ;' amiability. F. suavite" : L. suavitasj suavis, sweet. SUB. A Latin preposition, signifying under, or in a subordinate de- gree. SUBALTERN, adj. Subordinate; of rank below that of a captain. F. subalterne .• L. suh, under, and alter, another. SUBAQUEOUS, adj. Existing under water. L. sub, under, and aqua-, water. SUBDIVIDE, v. To divide that which has been already divided. L. sub, under, (meaning, in a subordinate degree,) and divide. SUBDIVISION. *." Act of subdividing ; thing subdivided. L. sub, under, (meaning, in a subordinate degree,) and division. SUBDUCE, or SUBDUCT, v. To withdraw ; to take away ; to sub- tract. L. subduco, (sup. subductum ,-) sub, under, and duco, to • lead. SUBDUCTION. s. Act of subducing, or subducting. L. subductio. See SUBDUCE. . SUBDUE, v. To bring under the yoke ; to subjugate ; to conquer. L. subjugo. SUBDUPLE, or SUBDUPLICATE. adj. Containing one part of two. F. subduple ,• from the L. sub, under, and duplex, double, or dupli- c.atus, doubled. SUBERATES. #. Salts formed by the combination of any base, with the suberic acid. See SUBERIC. SUBERIC, adj. Suberic acid is obtained fr.om cork. L. suber, the cork tree, or cork. SUBJACENT adj. Lying under. L. subjacens, part, of subjaceo; sub, under, and jaceo, to lie. SUB— SUB SUBJECT', v. To reduce to submission ; to make subordinate.; to en- slave ; to expose 5 to make liable. See SUBJECT. SUBJECT, s. One who lives under the dominion of another ; that on which anyoperation, either mental or material, is performed ^ that in which any thing- inheres or exists ; (in grammar,) the nominative case to a verb. JL. subjectus, p. part, of subjicio ; sub, under, and jaceo, to lie. SUBJOIN, v. To add at the end. L. sub, under, and join. SUBJUGATE, v. To bring into a state of permanent submission ; to subdue. L. subjugo ,- sub, under, and j'ugum, a yoke. An enemy, when beaten by the Romans, were actually compelled to march un- der thejugum, or yoke, formed of three spears, erected in the man- ner of a gallows. SUBJUNCTIVE, adj. Subjoined ; dependent ; contingent. L. sub- jundivus ; from subjungo ,- sub, under, andjungo, to join. SUBLIMATE, or SUBLIME, v. To raise by the force of fire ; to ele- J vate. See the adj. SUBLIME. SUBLIME, adj. High in place ; high in excellence ; indescribably grand. L. sublimis, lofty. SUBLINGUAL, adj. Placed under the tongue. L. sub, under, and lingua, the tongue. SUBLUNARY, adj. Terrestrial ; of this world. L. sub, under, and luna, the moon. SUBMARINE, adj. Lying or acting Under the sea. h.sub, under, and mare, the sea. SUBMERGE, v. To put underwater.- L. submergo ,- comp. of sub, under, and mergo, to sink. SUBMERSION. 5. Act of submerging.; state of being submerged. F. submersion: L. submenus, p. part, of submergo. See SUBMERGE. SUBMISSION, s. Act of submitting-. L. submissio ; submissus, p. part, of submkio. See SUBMIT. SUBMIT, v. To resign ; to leave to discretion ; to refer to judgment j to- be subject; to. acquiesce in the authority of another; to yield. L. submitto ; comp. of sub, under, and initio, to send,»or throw. SUB MOlJO. In a qualified manner. L. SUBORDINATE, cdj. Inferior in order, in nature, in dignity, or in power. L. sub, under, and ordinaius, p. part, of ordino, to put in order: ordo, an order, or rule. SUBORN, v. To procure the aid or favour of, by secret and dishonest means ; to seduce from duty. L. suborno ; sub, under, (meaning secretly,) and orno, to deck, or furnish. SUBPffiNA. s. A writ commanding attendance, under a penalty. L. sub, under, poena, punishment. SUBSCRIBE, v. To write under ; to give consent to, or promise by underwriting the name ; to assent. L. subscribo ; sub, und£r, and scribo, to write. SUBSCRIPTION, s. Act of subscribing ; amount, &c. subscribed; written contribution.. L. subscriptio; tubscriptus, p. part, of sub- scribo. See SUBSCRIBE. SUBSECTION, s. A subdivision of a larger section. L. sub, under, and section, SUB— SUB SUBSEQUENT, adj. Following'. L. subsequens, part, of subsequor ; comp. of sub, under, or next after, and sequor, to follow. SUBSERVE, v. To serve in subordination ; to serve instrurnentally. L. subservio ; sub, under, and servio, to serve. SUBSIDE, v. To sink ; to fail to the bottom ; to cease. L. subsido; sub, under, and sido, to perch, or settle ; or subsideo ,• comp. of sub, under, and sedeo, to sit. SUBSIDIARY, adj. Assistant; aiding. L. subsidiarius. See SUB- SIDY. SUBSIDY. *. Aid, in a general, national, or military way. L. subsi- dium ; sub, under, and sedeo, to sit. SUB SILENTIO. In silence ; without any notification. L. sub, under, silentio, abl. of silent "mm, silence. SUBSIST, v. To be ; to have existence ; to retain the present state or condition ,- to continue. L. subsisto ,- from sub, under, and sisto, "to stand still, or stay. SUBSTANCE, s. Something existing; something tangible; the essen- tial part ; means of life. L. substantia ,- substans, part, ofsubsto, to standstill: sub, under, and sto, to stand. SUBSTANTIAL, adj. Having substance ; real ; actually existing ; material ; solid ; firm ; strong ; durable ; moderately wealthy. See SUBSTANCE. SUBSTANTIATE, v. To prove real ; to prove, as in giving evidence. See SUBSTANCE. SUBSTANTIVE, s. A noun ; the name of a person, or of a thing., real or imaginary. L. substanfivum. See SUBSTANCE. SUBSTITUTE, s. One person acting in the place of another ; any thing- used instead of some other thing. L. substitutus, p. part, of substituo ,■ sub, under, and statuo, to set, or place. SUBSTRUCTURE, s. Foundation; that part of any building which is under the surface of the ground, (opposed to superstructure.) L. sub, under, and structure. SUBTANGENT. s. In any curve,. is the line which determines the in- tersection of the tangent in the axis prolonged. L. sub, under, and tangens, part, of tango, to touch. SUBTEND, v. To be extended under. L. sub, under, and tendo, to stretch. • SUBTENSE, s. That which is extended under ; the chord of an arch. L. sub, under, and'tensus, p. part, of tendo, to stretch. SUBTERFLUENT, or SUBTLRFLUOUS. adj. Flowing under. L, subterfiuens, part, of subterfiuo ; subter, under, and Jtuo, to flow. SUBTERFUGE, s. A shift; an evasion ; a trick. F. subterfuge.- L, subter, under, and fugo, to run a way. SUBTERRANEOUS, or SUBTERRANEAN, adj. Lying under (with- in,) the earth ; placed under the earth. L. suoterraneus ; from sub, under, and terra, the earth. SUBTILE, or SUBFLE. adj. Thin; not dense; vaporous; nice 5 fine ; piercing ; acute: — ai-.o, cunning ; artful ; refined or acute be- yond necessity. In these senses, it is generally written subtle. L. subtiUs, finely spun ; sub, under, (meaning in a low degree,) and tela, a web, T 2 SUB— SUJ SUBTRACT, v. To withdraw a part from the rest ; to diminish ; to deduct, by arithmetic, a less sum from a greater, and place the re- mainder underneath. L. bubtractum, sup. of subtraho,- sub, under, and traho, to draw. • SUBURB, s. Building 1 without the walls of a city ; precinct. L. sub- urbium : sub, under, and urbs, a city. SUBVERSION. 5. Act of subverting" ; state of being subverted. F, subversion : L. subversus, p. part, of subverto. See SUBVERT. SUBVERT, v. To overthrow ; to overturn ; to turn upside down ; to corrupt 5 to confound. L. subverto j from sub, under, and vcrto, to turn. 9UCCEDANEUM. s. A substitute. L. from succedo, to follow. SUCCEED, v. To follow in order ; to come into the place of one who has quitted or died ; to obtain one's desire ; to terminate prosper- ously, &c. L. succedo ; sub, under, or next after, and cedo, to de- part. SUCCESS, s. The termination of any affair, fortunate or unfortunate, — but often used in a happy sense, without any qualifying term. L. " successus,- from a part, of succedo. See SUCCEED. SUCCESSION. s. Act of succeeding; regular order ; series. L sue- cessio; successus, p. part, of succedo. See SUCCEED. SUCCINCT, adj. Concise ; brief. L. succinctus, p. part, of succingo ; comp. of sub, under, and cingo, to gird. SUCCOUR, v. To aid; to relieve. L. suceurro,- sub, under, and eurro? to run. SUCCULENT, adj. Juicy ; moist. L. sueculentus ; suceus, juice. SUCCUMB, v. To yield ; to sink under any difficulty. This word is inelegant. L. succumbo,- sub, under, and cumbo, to lie. SUDATION. s. Sweat ; a sweating. L. sudatio ; sudo, to sweat. SUDATORY, s. A sweating chamber. L. sudatorius ,- from sudo, to sweat. SUDORIFJC. adj. Promoting sweat. F. sudorijique : L. sudor, sweat, and facio, to make. SUFFER, v. To bear ; to undergo ; to feel, with sense of pain ; to allow ; to be injured. X. suffero ,- sub, under, and /era, to bear. SUFFICE, v. To be sufficient ; to satisfy. L. sufficio } sub, under, or near to, and facio, to make. SUFFICIENT, adj. Equal to the proposed end ; enough ; competent ; L. sufficient, part, of sufficio. See SUFFICE. SUFFOCATE, v. To choke, or prevent respiration, by the exclusion or interception of air. L. suffoco ,- from sub, under, and focus, a fire- hearth, or a fire, SUFFRAGAN, adj. A suffragan bishop is subject to his metropolitan or superior bishop. L. suffraganeus. See SUFFRAGE. SUFFRAGE. 5. Vote ; voice given upon a controverted point. F- suffrage: L. suffragium ,- from suffero. See SUFFER. SUFFUSED, part. adj. Spread. L. suffusus,-p. part, ofsuffundo; sub, under, and / undo, to pour out. SUGGEST, v. To hint privately ; to intimate ; to propose. L. sug- gestum, sup. ofsuggero ; comp. of sub> under, and gero, to carry. SUICIDE, s. Self-murder. L. suicidium ,• sui> of himself or herself* and eeedesy slaughter: cxda, to kilt. SLi—SUP SUI GENERIS. Of its own kind ; ntSt to be classed under any jvCti- nary description. L. gen. of suus, and genus. SUIT. s. A set ; a number of tilings corresponding one to another : a petition or address of entreaty ; courtship ; action at law. F. suite I suivre, to follow. L. secutus, part, ofseqiior, to follow. SUITABLE, adj. Fitting- ; according with ; agreeable, See SUIT, and ABLE. SUITE. *. Series ; retinue ; (pronounced sweet.) See SUIT. SUM. s. The whole; many particulars conjoined, so as to form a total; the result of reasoning or computation ; quantity of money ; com- pletion ; height. L. summa ,■ summus, highest. SUMMARY, adj. Containing the chief heads ; short; brief; last; im- mediate ; compendious. L. summariurn, an abridgment. See SUM. SUMMON, v. To call with authority ; to admonish to appear ; to cite ; to excite; to raise. L. summoneo ,• sub, under [subject to a penalty,] and moneo, to put in mind, or warn. SUMMUM BONUM. The chief good. L. SUMPTER. s. An animal which carries provisions on a journey. L. surnptus, p. part, of sumo, to take. SUMPTUARY, adj. Relating to expense; regulating expenditures ; . promoting economy. L. sumptuarius;- surnptus, expense : from sumo, to take, or procure. SUMPTUOUS, adj. Costly; expensive; splendid. L. sumptuosus ,• surnptus, expense, from sumo, to take, or procure. SUPER. In composition,. denotes above, over, more than another, more than enough. L. SUPERABLE. adj. Conquerable ; that may be overcome. L. super- abilis; super, above. SUPERABUNDANCE, s. Overabundance ; more than enough. L, super, above, and abundance-. SUPERADD, v. To add over and above. L. superaddo ; super, above, and addo, to add. SUPERANNUATED, part. adj. Impaired or disqualified by age. . L. super, above, or beyond, and annus, a year. SUPERB, adj. Grand ; pompous ; splendid. L. superbus ,• from super t above. SUPERCARGO, s. A person sent in a ship, to superintend the dis- posal or purchase of the merchandise. L. super, over, and cargo. SUPERCILIOUS, adj. Haughty ; dogmatical ; dictatorial ; arbitrary ; overbearing. L. superciliosus, of a sour countenance ; from super- cilium, the brow. SUPEREROGATION, s. Performance of more than duty requires. L. super x beyond, or above, and erogatio, a bestowing: from erogo ; comp. of e, from, and rogo, to ask. SUPERFICIAL, adj. Lying on the surface ; not reaching below the surface ; shallow ; not profound ; insufficient ; smattering ; not learned. F. superfickl. See SUPERFICIES. SUPERFICIES, s. Outside ; surface. L. comp. of super, above, and fades, a face. SUPERFINE, adj. Eminently fine. L. super, above, and fine. SUPERFLUOUS, adj. Exuberant; more than enough ; unnecessary, L. super jiuus, flowing over: super t over, sxi&Jluo, to flow, SUP— SUP SUPERINCUMBENT, adj. Lying on the top. L. super, above, ami incumbent. SUPERINDUCE, v. To bring in as an addition ; to bring in some* thine extrinsic." L. super, over, and induce. SUPERINTEND, v. To oversee ; to conduct. L. super, over, and intend. SUPERIOR, adj. -Higher ; greater in dignity or excellence ; upper ; (with to,) not to be conquered or overcome by. L. compar. of su- per, or supra, above. SUPERLATIVE, adj. Implying or expressing the highest degree ; superior ; paramount. L. superlativus ; superlatus, p. part, of super- fero ,• super, beyond, or above, and fero, to carry. SUPERNATANT, adj. Swimming above 5 floating. L. supernatans, part, of supernato ,■ comp. of super, above, and nato, to swim. SUPERNATURAL, adj. Above the powers of nature ; unusual. L. super, above, and natural. SUPERSEDE, v. To make void or inefficacious by superior power ;- to set aside ; to displace. L. supersedeo; super, over, and sedeo, to sit. * SUPERSTITION, s. Unnecessary fear or scruples in religion; observ- ance of unnecessary and uncommanded rites or practices ; false reli- gion or worship ; too scrupulous exactness. L. superstitio ,• super, beyond, or above, and sto, to stand. SUPERSTRUCTURE. 5. That which is built or raised upon some- thing else ; that which is raised above the surface of the ground: (opposed to substructure.) L. super, above, and structure. SUPERVENE, v. To come as an extraneous addition. L. supervenio ,- super, above, or besides, and vtnio, to come. SUPERVENTION, s. Act of supervening. L. superventus, p. part, of supervenio. See SUPERVENE. • SUPERVISE, v. To oversee ; to examine the general conduct or ac- counts of others. L. super, over, and visum, sup. of video, to see. SUPPLANT, v. To displace by stratagem ; to overcome. L. sup- planto ,- from sub, under, and planta, the foot. SUPPLE, adj. Pliant ; flexible ; flattering ; fawning. 'L. supplex ; sub, under, and plico, to fold. SUPPLEMENT, s. Addition to any thing, by which its defects are supplied. L. supplementuni ,• suppleo, to fill up. SUPPLIANT, adj. Humbly entreating ; praying ; submissive. F. suppliant: L. supplicims, part, of supplico. See SUPPLICATE. SUPPLICATE, v. To entreat ; to implore 5 to petition submissively and humbly. L. supplico, to beg on one's knees: sub, under, and phco, to fold [the hands.] SUPPLY.' v. To fill up, as any deficiencies happen; to give something wanted ; to serve in stead of; to bring ; to furnish. L. suppleo, • sub, under, or near to, and pleo, to fill. SUPPORT, v. To sustain ; to prop ; to bear up ; to endure ; to aid ; to defend ; to supply with the necessaries of life. L. supporto; sub, under, and porto, to carry, or beari SUPPOSE, v. To advance, by Avay of argument or illustration, without maintaining the truth of the position ; to admit without proof; to SUP— SUR conjecture; to imagine. F. supposer .- L. suppoxitus, p. part, of suppono ; sub, under, and pono, to place. SUPPOSITION, s. Act of supposing-; thing supposed. F. supposition,' See SUPPOSE. SUPPRESS, v. To crush ; to overpower ; to subdue ; to conceal ; to withhold. L. suppressum, sup. of supprimo ,• sub, under, and pre- mo, to press. SUPPURATE, v. To generate pus or matter ; to be in a state of dis- charging matter. L. suppuro ; sub, under, and pus, (puris,) cor- rupted matter. SUPREMACY, s. Highest place 5 highest authority ; state of being 'supreme.' See SUPREME. SUPREME, adj. Highest in authority or dignity; chief. L. supremUs, sunerlative of super, or supra, above. SURCHARGE, s. Additional charge ; additional quantity. F. sur, (L. super,) over, and charge. SURCINGLE, s. Exterior girth ; that which binds down a saddle, by passing over it and the ordinary girths ; the girdle of a cassock. F. sur, (L. super,) over, and L. cingufa, a girth: cingn, to gird. SURE. adj. Certain; infallible; confident; safe; firm. F. sur; L. securus ,• se, denoting separation or absence, and cura, care. SURFACE, s. Superficies ; outside. F. sur, (L- super,) above, 'and face. SURFEIT. 5. Sickness or satiety, caused by over fulness or repetition. F. from sur, over, and fait, past. part, of faire, to do: L. super, and facio. \ SURGE, s. A rough, swelling sea ; a billow ; a foaming wave. L. sur go, to arise. SURGEON. 5. One who cures by manual operation. F. chirurgeon 6 or chirurgien .• G. cheir, the hand, and ergon, work. SURMISE, v. To suspect ; to imagine imperfectly ; to conjecture. F. surmise,- sur, over, upon, or towards, (L. super,) and'L. mittb, to send, or put forth. SURMOUNT, v. To rise above ; to conquer ; to overcome. F. sur- monter ,- comp. of sur, above, and monter, to get up, or rise: L. su- per, above, and mons, a mountain. . SURNAME. 5. Additional name ; family name ; the name which a person has besides his Christian name. F. sur, (L. super,) over, and name. SURPLICE, s.' The outer, or white gown, worn by some ministers of religion, during a part of the church-service. F. mrplis; sur, over, and plis&er, to fold : L. super, and plico. SURPLUS, s. Supernumerary or extra part ; superabundant remain- der. F. sur, over, and plus, more : L. super, and plus. ' SURPRISE, v. To take .unawares ; toattack unexpectedly ; to aston- ish by something Wonderful ; to confuse or perplex by something- sudden. F. surpris, p. part-, of surprendre : L. super, over, and ' prendo, to take, or lay hold on. SURRENDER, v. To yieid ; to deliver to another ; to resign. F. sur- rendre : L. sub, under, and F. rendre, to return. SURREPTITIOUS, adj. Done by stealth; obtained or produced fraud- ulently. L. surr'eptiiius ; surrepo,- sub, under, and repo, to Greep SUR— SYL SURROGATE, a. A deputy ; the deputy of an ecclesiastical judge. L. surrogaius, p. part, ofsurrogo,- sub, under, and rogo, to demand, or inquire. SURTOUT. a. A large coat worn over all the rest. .F. comp. of sur, over, and tout, all. SURVEILLANCE, a. Overseeing- 5 overlooking"; having an eye upon. F. surveiller, to oversee. SURVEY, v. To look over; to view as from a higher place ; to ex- amine ; to measure the contents, and ascertain the relative position of lands, &.c. Old F. surveoir,- sur, (L. super,) over, and voir, to see. , SURVIVE, v. To outlive, or live after the death of another ; to live after any thing. F. surviwe .• L. super, beyond, and vivo, to live. SUSCEPTIBLE, adj. Capable of receiving or admitting ; subject to receive or admit. ' F. susceptible .- L. susceptus, p. part, of suscpio ,- comp. of sub, under, and capio, to take. SUSCITATE. v. To rouse; to excite, h.'suscito, to awake: from sub, under, and ciio, to call. SUSPECT, v. To imagine, with a degree of fear and jealousy, what is not known ; to suppose guilty, without proof; to conjecture-; to . doubt. L. suspectum, sup. of suspicio ; sub, . under, and specio, to behold. SUSPEND, v.. To hang ; to make to stop for a while ; to delay ; to debar for a time from the execution of an office, or the enjoyment of a revenue. L. suspendo ,• sub, under, and pendeo, to. hang up.. SUSPENSE, s. Uncertainty; doubt; delay. F. suspens : L. suspen- sus, p. part, of suspendo. See SUSPEND. SUSPENSION, a. Act of suspending ; state of being suspended. L. suspe?isio,- suspensus, p. part, of suspendo. See SUSPEND. SUSPICION, a. Act of suspecting ; state of being suspected. L. sus- picio. See SUSPECT. SUSTAIN, v. To bear; to prop; to support ; to endure; to suffer without yielding. L. sustineo ; sub, under, and teneo, to hold. SUSTENANCE, a. Support; maintenance; food. T\ soustenance : L. sustinens, part, of sustineo. See SUSTAIN. SYCOPHANT, a. A deceitful parasite ; a designing flatterer ; a mean, insinuating" fellow. L. sycophanta: G. sukophantes ,• suke, a -fig, and phao, to tell. " By a law of Solon," says Plutarch, ft no production of the Attican lands, except oil, was allowed to be sold to strangers, — . and, therefore, it is not improbable, what some affirm, that the ex- portation of Jigs was formerly forbidden, and .that the informer against the delinquents was called a sycophant." SYLLABLE, a. A sound, pronounced by a single impulse of the voice, and constituting a word, or part of a word. L. syllaba .• G. sullabe .• sullambano, to contain: sun, with, and lambano, to take, SYLLABUS, a. An abstract ; a compendium, containing the heads of a discourse. G. suUabos,- sullambano, to contain: sun, with, and lambano, to take. SYLLOGISM, a. An argument composed of three propositions: as, Every man thinks ,■ Henry is a man; therefore, Henry thinks. L. G. sullogismos ,- sun, with, and logos, reason. SYL— SYN SYLVAN, or SILVAN, adj. Woody ; shady.; relating" or pertaining- to woods. L. sylva, or silvu, a wood. SYMBOL, s. A comprehensive form ; a type 5 a figurative representa- tion ; a sign. L. symbolum • G. sumbolon ,• from sumballo, to bring together: sun, with, and bdllo, to throw. SYMMETRY. 8. Harmony of parts 5 proportion. L. symmelria : G. sun, with, and mttron, measure. SYMPATHETIC, adj. Having mutual sensation ; feeling in conse- quence of what another feels ; producing an effect by having some relative quality. F. sympaihetique. See SYMPATHY. SYMPATHY, s. Mutual sensibility ; fellow feeling : the quab'ty of be- ing affected by the affection of another. F. sympatkle ; G. sumpa- theia ,• sun, with, and pathos, passion : pascho, to suffer. SYMPHONY, s. Harmony of sound ; that part of a tune, composed in the same style, which is sung or played before or after the main part, or id the intervals. L. symphonia: G. sun, with, and phone, a sound. SYMPHYSIS, si Act of growing together ; union of two bones ; a mode of membra 1 articulation", in which there is no motion. G. sun, with, and phuo, to grow. SYMPTOM, s. That which happens with something else ; a sign. F. symptom.- G. sumptoma ,- comp. of sun, with, and pipto, to fall. SYNAGOGUE, s. A religious assembly of Jews ; a Jewish place of worship. F. synogogue .• G. sunagoge ,■ sun, with, and ago, to lead, or bring. .SYNALEPHA. s. A contraction or excision of a syllable, in scanning Latin verse: as, ilVet, for ille et. G. sanalo'phe ,- sun, with, and' aleipho, to mix. SYNARTHROSIS, s. A close conjunction of two bones. G. sun, with, and arthro-o, to form. SYNCHONDROSIS, s. A union, by gristles, of the sternon to the ribs. G. sun, with, and chondros, a cartilage. . SYNCHRONIC, or SYNCHRONIC AL. adj. Happening act the same time. G. sun, with, and chronos, time. SYNCOPE', s. Fainting fit ; contraction of a word, by cutting off a part in the middle. F. syncopie :. G. sunkope ,• sun, with, and kopio, to cut. SYNDIC, s. The chief magistrate of a corporation, or of a community. G. sund-'kos ,- sun, with, and dike, justice. SYNECDOCHE, s. A figure, by which a part is substituted for the whole, or the whole for a part. G. sunekdoke ,- comp. of sun, with, ek, out of, and dechomai, to take. SYNOD, s. An assembly, particularly of ecclesiastics. L. synodus : G. sunodos ,• sun, with, and odos, a way. SYNONYMOUS, adj. Expressing the same thing ; of the same mean- ing. G. sunonumos ,• sun, 'with, and onuma, or onoma, a name. SYNOPSIS, s. A general view ; all the parts brought under one view. G. sunopsis : sun, with, and ops, a view. SYNTHESIS, s. The act of joining ; the act of forming a compound body by the union of elements: opposed to analysis. G. swithesis : sun, with, and tithemi, to put. SYN— TAL SYNTHETIC, adj. Conjoining"; compounding 1 : opposed to analytic, G. sunthetikos. See SYNTHESIS. SYRINGE, s. An instrument for squirting liquids. G. suringx, {fis- tula,) a pipe. . 3YRINGOTOMY. s. The act or practice of cutting- fistulas or hollow sores. G. suringx, (fistula,) a pipe,. and temno, to cut. SYRTIS. s. A quick-sand, or shelf of sand, caused by the motion of a whirlpool; a bog 1 . L. syvtis: G. surtis, a whirlpool: from suro, to draw. SYSTEM, s. Combination of many things acting together ; a scheme which reduces many tilings to regular dependence or co-operation ; organization; scheme ; mode. F '. systeme : G. sustema: sun, with, • and istemi, to stand. SYSTOLE, s. In anatomy, the contraction of the heart ; in grammar, the shortening of a long s}dlable. F. systole : G. sustole : sun, with, and stello, to draw together. SYSTYLE. s. A building, in which, the pillars stand near together. G. sun, with, and stubs, a pillar. TABERNACLE, s. A temporary habitation ; a sacred place ; a place of worship. . L. tabernaculum, a little house made of boards ; from tabula, a board. TABID, adj. Wasted by disease ; consumptive. L. tabidus : tabeo, to consume. TABLE, s. Any flat or level surface ; a flat board, stone, &c. used for meals and .other purposes ; a tablet ; a surface on which any thing is written or engraved ; an index ; a catalogue ; a -synopsis, &c. F. table : L. tabula, a board, or table. TABLE D'HOTE. A public table; table of an inn. F. table, a table, de, of, hole, an innkeeper. TABULAR, adj. Delineated or described in the form of tables, or a synopsis. L. tabularis. See TABLE. TABULATED, adj. Tabular ; having fiat surfaces'. See TABLE. TACIT, adj. Silent; implied; not expressed bywords. L. tacitus. from taceo, to-be silent. TACITURNITY, s. Habitual silence. L. tuciiurniias. See TACIT. . TACT. s. Technical character ; something which marks. a particular trade or profession. L. tactus, p. part, of tango, to touch. TACTICS, s. The science or art of arranging armies and fleets for battle. G. taktike : tasso, to put in order. TEDIUM VITJE. Weariness of life. L. TAIL. s. In law, the term fee-tail signifies any truncated or mutilated inheritance, cut out of the fee-simple. F. tailler, to cut. TAILOR, s. One whose business is to make clothes. F. tailleur : tailler, to cut. TAINT, v. To stain or sully [the reputation ;] to infect ; to corrupt ; to putrefy. F. teindre, to dye. TALENT, s. A talent anciently signified a certain weight, or a sum of money; the value differing, in different ages and countries. By a metaphor, taken from the talents mentioned in the New Testament, TAL— TEL Malt. xxv. 15. the term is now used to express faculty, power, er gift of nature. L. talentum, TALLY, s. A stick, notched in conformity with another stick, with the units of an account ; a single notch or mark of any sort, to re- present one. F. taille .• from tailkr, to cut. TALLY, v. To fit ; to be suitable ; to conform ; to mark one. From the substantive. TANGENT, s. A .right line, perpendicularly raised on the extremity of a radius, and touching a circle, so as not to cut it. F. tangent : L. tangens, part, of tango, to touch. TANGIBLE, adj. Perceptible by the touch ; possible to be realized, so as to be made a subject of inquiry. L. tango, to touch. TANGLE, v. See ENTANGLE. TANTALIZE, v. To torment by a show of pleasure, which cannot be reached. Derived from Tantalus, a king of Lydia; who is re- presented, by the poets, as punished in hell by an insatiable thirst, and placed up to his chin in a pool of water, which flows away as soon as he attempts to taste it. TANTAMOUNT, adj. Equivalent. F. tantamount; tant % as much. as ? and monter, to mount, or go up. TAPIS, s. " On the tapis," — on the carpet ; having- become the sub- ject of debate. F. TARDY, adj. Slow; sluggish. L. tardus; from tarda, to stop. TARTAREAN, adj. Hellish. L. tartarus : G. tartaros ; from tarasso, to trouble. TAURUS, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. taurus, a bull. TAUTOLOGY, s. Unnecessary and disagreeable repetition of the same words, or of the same sense, in different words. G. tautologia; taufbs, the same, and logos, a word. TAUTOPHONY. s. Frequent and disagreeable repetition of the same sound ; monotony. G. tautos, the same, and phone, a sound, TAVERN, s. An inn, or, rather, a house in which refreshments are sold. F. tavenie: L. taberna, a small house made of boards: tabula^ a board. TECHNICAL, adj. Belonging to arts; pertaining to some mechanical or professional business, and therefore not commonly understood. G. iechnilms ; from techne^an art. TECHNOLOGY: s. A description of arts; a treatise on mechanics. G° tecline, art, and logos, a word, or description. TECTONIC, adj. Pertaining to building. G. tekionikos,- tekton, a builder. TE DEUM. s. A particular hymn, so called because it begins with the words, Te Deum laudamus, we praise thee, God: — tuDeus laudo, TEDIOUS, adj. Wearisome by continuance, or by reason of prolixity; slow. L. taidium, weariness. TEGUMENT, s. In anatomy, a cover. L. tegumtntum ,- tego, to cover. TELEGRAPH, s. An instrument which answers the purpose of writ- ing, by conveying intelligence to a distance, by means of signals. Q> telos, the extremity, and gropho, to write. TELESCOPE, s. An optical tube for viewing distant objects. G= Uhh the extremity, and skopeo f to view. U TEM— TEN TEMERITY, s. Rashness 5 unreasonable contempt of danger. L. temeritas ; from iemno, to despise. TEMPER, v. To mix, so as that one part qualifies another ; to bring to due proportion ; to moderate ; to form metals to a proper degree of hardness. L. iempero ,■ from temporis, gen. of tempus, time, a convenience, suitableness to the time present, &c. TEMPER, s. Due mixture of different or contrary qualities ; constitu- tion of body ; disposition of mind ; frame of mind ; moderation ; state to which metals are reduced, particularly as to hardness. See the verb. TEMPERATE, adj. Not excessive ; moderate. L. temperatus, part, of iempero. See TEMPER. TEMPEST, s. Extreme violence of wind ; an excessively destructive storm 5 tumult ; perturbation. L. tempestas, time, season, weather, boisterous weather: from tempus, time. TEMPORAL, adj. Measured by time ; not eternal ; secular ; not ec- clesiastical ; worldly ; not spiritual. L. temporalis ,- temporis, gen, of tempus, time. TEMPORARY, adj. Lasting or continuing only a limited time: op- posed to permanent. X. temporarius ,• temporis, gen. of tempus, time. TEMPT, v. To incite, by presenting some pleasure or advantage ; to entice ; to provoke. L. tenius, p. part, of tento, to stretch. TENABLE, adj. Such as may be held against attacks ; such as may be maintained against opposition. F. tenable : L. teneo, to hold fast. TENACIOUS, adj. Adhesive; inclined to hold fast ; retentive; ob- stinate. L. lenax ; tenco, to hold fast. TENACITY, s. Adhesiveness; glutinosity ; retentiveness ; obstinacy ^ F. tenacite : L. tenacitas ,• tenco, to hold. TENANCY, s. Possession as a tenant. See TENANT. TENANT, s. One that holds by the authority of another; one that has temporary possession of lands, &c. under a landlord. F. tenant : L. ienens, part, of teneo, to hold. TEND. v. To move towards ; to be directed to any end or purpose ; to contribute ; to nurse, or guard. L. tendo, to stretch out. TENDENCE, or TENDENCY, s. Motion or direction towards : incli- nation towards. L. tendens, part, of tendo. See TEND. TENDER, adj. Soft ; easily impressed or injured ; delicate ; sensitive ,- compassionate ; gentle. F. tendre : L. tendo, to stretch out, spread, or bend. TENDER, v. To offer ; to propose for acceptance, s. an offer, or pro- posal. F.. tendre: L. tendo, to stretch out. TENDINOUS, adj. Sinewy ; containing tendons. L. tendinis. Sec TENDON. TENDON, s. A sinew ; a ligature, by which the joints are stretched out, or contracted. F. tendon .• L. tendo, to stretch out. TENDRIL, s. The clasp of a vine, or other climbing plant. F. ten- drillon: L. tendo, to stretch out. TENEBROUS, adj. Dark ; gloomy. L. tenebrosus ; tenebrse, dark- ness. TENEMENT, s. Any thing held by a tenant. F. tenement .- L, tene- mentum ; t$mo> to hold. TEN— TER TENET. 5. Principle ; position. L. teneo, to hold. TENON, s. The end of a piece of timoer, cut so as to be fitted into another piece. F. tenon : L. teneo, to hold. TEN OK, or TENOUR. s. Continuity of state ; constant mode ; gene- ral currency ; meaning" ; design 5 also, a term in music. L. tenor ; from teneo, to hold. TENSE, adj. Stretched ; tight. L. tensus, p. part, of tench, to stretch out. , TENSE. 8. In grammar, the variation of a verb, to signify time. F. temps: L. tempus, time. TENSILE, adj. Capable of being stretched, or extended. L. tensilis. See TENSE. TENSION, s. Act of stretching or extending; state of being stretched or extended. F. tension. See TENSE. TENT. s. A moveable lodging-place or cabin, commonly made by stretching canvass over poles. F. tentt: L. tentorium; from tendo, to stretch. TENTER, s. A hook on which things are stretched. L. tentus, p. part, of tendo, to stretch. TENUITY, s. Thinness; smallness. F. tenuiU : L. ienuitas ,• tenuis, slender: from teneo, to hold ; that is, to hold easily. TENUOUS, adj. Thin; smal(. L. tenuis,- from teneo, to hold ; that is, to be held easily. TENURE, s. The conditions on which tenements are held, in relation to the service to be rendered, extent of the lease, amount of rent, mode of payment, &c; period or conditions of holding things in general. F. tenure : L. teneo, to hold. TEPEFACTION. s. The act of moderately warming. L. tepefactus, p. part, of tepefacio ; tepidus, (from tepeo,) moderately warm, and facio, to make. TEPID, adj. Moderately warm: L. tepidus ; from tepeo, to be mode- rately warm. TERGIVERSATION, s. Change; fickleness. L. tergiversatio ,• ter- gum, the back, and verso, (from verto,) to turn often. TERM. s. Limit ; a word having a specific or limited meaning; appel- lation ; condition ; stipulation ; period ; time of being assembled for the transaction of business. L. terminus, a boundary. TERMINATE, v. To limit ; to end ; to stop. L. termino. See TERM. TERNARY, adj. Proceeding by threes ; consisting of three. L. ter~ narius ,- from ires, three. TERRACE, s. A small mount of earth, covered with grass; a balcony; an open gallery. F. terrace: L. terra, earth. TERRAQUEOUS, adj. Composed of land and water. L. terra, land, and aqua, water. TERRENE, adj. Earthly; terrestrial. L. terrenus ,- terra, the earth. TERRESTRIAL, adj. Earthly ; not celestial. L. terrestris ; terra, the earth. TERRIER, s. A dog that follows his game under ground. F. terrier : L. terra, earth. TERRIFIC, adj. Dreadful; causing terror. L. terrificus ; terror, ter- ror, and facio, to make. TER— TEX TERRITORY, s. Land ; dominion ; district. L. terriiorium ; turret* land. TERROR, s. Fear; dread. JL. terror,- terreo, to affright. TERSE, adj. Neat ; elegant 5 without pompousness. F. ters : L. Ur~ sus, p. part, of tergso, to make clean. TERTIAN, adj. A tertian fever intermits every third day. L. tertiana. tertius, the third: ires, three. TESSELATED. adj. Variegated by squares, L. tessella, a small square stone, or piece of wood, &c. G. tessara, four: (a square has four sides.) TEST. s. Proof; trial, or examination. F. test : L. testis, a witness. TESTACEOUS, adj. Consisting of shells; composed of shells; having- continuous, not jointed shells. L. tesiaceus ; testa, a shell-fish. TESTAMENT. 5. Evidence of a will, or intention, as to the disposal of property after death ; evidence of Divine revelation and com- mandments, contained in the sacred volumes, called the Old and New Testaments. F. testament : L. tesiamentum ; testis, a witness. TESTAMENTARY, adj. Given by testament or will ; contained in a will. See TESTAMENT. TESTATE, adj. Having made a will. L. testatus, part, of testor, to bear witness: from testis, a witness. TESTATOR. s. One who has made a will. L. from testis, a witness. TESTIFY, v. To witness ; to give evidence. F. testifier : L. testiftcor; comp. of testis, a witness, and facio, to make. TESTIMONY, s. Evidence given; proof by witness. L. testimonium; testis, a witness, and moneo, to put in mind. TESTUDINOUS. adj. Resembling the shell of a tortoise. L. testudi- neus ,• from testudo, a tortoise. TETANUS, s. A contraction; a kind of stiffness or rigidity in any part of the body. G. ietanos ,- teino, to stretch. TETE A TETE. " Head to head ;" a familiar discourse. F. TETRAGONAL, adj. Square; consisting of four sides and angles. G-. tetra, four, and gonia, a corner. TETRAMETER, adj. Consisting of four poetical measures. G. tetra- metros ; tetra, four, and mefreo, to measure. TETRANDRIA. s. A genus of plants with hermaphrodite flowers and four male stamina. G. tetra, four, and aner, a male. TETRAPETALOUS. adj. Having four leaves around the style. G. tetra, four, and petalon, a leaf. TETRAPL A. s. A bible in four columns, by Origen^ each column con- tairiing a different Greek version. G. tetraplobs, fourfold. TETRAPTOTE. s. A noun with only four cases. G. tetra, four, and ptosis^ a case. TETEARCH. adj. One who governed the fourth part of a Roman province. L. tetrarcha t G. ieirarches ; tetra x four, and archus, a chief. TETRASTIC. s. An epigram or stanza of four verses. G. tetrastichos ; tetra, four, and stichos, a verse. TETRASTYLE. s. A building with four columns in front ; a building with four pillars on a side. G. tetra, four, nasi, stubs, a pillar. TEXT. s. That on which a comment is written or spoken ; a sentence of scripture, F= texte ; L. texkis. p. part, of texo x to weave* or build TEX— TIT TEXTILE, adj. Woven ; capable of being woven. L. iextilis ,■ textus, p. part, of texo, to weave. TEXTURE, s. Something- woven 5 manner of weaving" ; combination of parts. L. tcxtura ,- textus, p. part, offexo, to weave. THEATRE, s. A place of exhibition ; a playhouse. F. theatre .- L. theatrum .- G. theatron ,- from theaomai, to behold. THEIST. s. One who believes in God. G. Theos, God. THEME, s. A subject on which a person speaks or writes 5 a short scholastic dissertation ; the radical, or original word from which an- other is derived. G. thema ,- from theo, (pond,) to place, or lay down. THEOCRACY, s. Government immediately superintended by God.' F. theocratie .- G. Theos, God, and krateo, to govern. THEOGONY. s. Fabulous generation of the gods. G. iheogonia; theos, a god, and gone, offspring. THEOLOGY, s. The science of divinity. G. theologia,- Theos, God, and logos, a description. THEOPHILANTHROP1ST. s. A lover of God and man. G. Theos, God, philo, a lover, and anthropos, a man. THEOREM, s. A position laid down as an acknowledged truth. G. theorema ,- theo, (pono,) to place, or lay down. THEORETIC, or THEORETICAL, adj. Speculative 5 depending on theory or speculation; not practical. G. theoretikos. See THEORY- THEORY, s. Speculation ; knowledge obtained by looking on, or from books, not from practice ; scheme or plan. G. theoreia ,- from theoreo, to view. THERAPEUTIC, adj. Teaching the cure of diseases. G. therapeuti- kos ; therapeuo, to heal. THERMOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring degrees of heat. G. therme, heat, and metreo, to measure. THESIS, s. A position ; something laid down, either affirmatively or negatively. G. thesis,- tithemi, ^pono,) to place, or lay down. THORACIC, adj. Belonging to the breast. L. thoracis, gen. of thorax, the inner part of the breast. G. thorax. THORAL. adj. Relating to a bed. L. thorns, or toros, twisted grass or straw, on which the ancients laid their bed-furniture, for the conve- nience of sleeping. G. toros, a rope. THRONE, s. A royal seat; the seat of a bishop. L. thronus : G. thronqs ,- from thrao, to sit. TIMID, adj. Fearful; timorous; wanting courage. L. timidus ,- timeo, to fear. TIMOROUS, adj. Fearful ; timid. L. iimor, fear. TINCTURE, s. Portion of extrinsic quality; extract of some drug, made in spirits. L. thndura ,- tinctus, p. part, of tingo, to dye. TINGE, v. To touch -lightly with u colour; to affect lightly with some quality. L. tingo,- G. tengo, to sprinkle. TINT. s. Delicate shade of colour. F. teinte : L. tinctus, p. part, of tingo, to dye. See TINGE. TITLE, s. A general head, comprising particulars ; an appellation of honour ; a name ; a claim of rig-lit. L. iitulus. TITULAR, adj. Nominal ; having or conferring only the title. F^ titulaire. See TITLE. U2 TOA— Tor TOAST. ;». Bread, ■torched before a fire, and generally eater, witfi butter, but sometimes sopped or immersed in a liquor for drinking: ; a celebrated woman, whose health is. often drunk ; any person or sentiment expressed before drinking-. L. iostus, p. part, of torreo, to roast, or scorch. TOGA V1RIL1S. " The manly robe ; M the dress assumed by the Roman youth, on reaching- a certain period of life. L. toga, a gown, or robe, and virilis, (from vir,) manly. TOMB. s. A sepulchral monument, or grave, anciently marked by a heap of earth or stones. F. tombe : L. tumulus, a little hill ; from tumeo, to swell. TOMETICA. s. Medicines for opening" the pores, and dispersing" vis- cous humours. G. iemno, to cut. TON. s. Fashion. F. TONSOR. s. A barber. L. tonsor ; tonsus, p. part, of tondeo, to clip, TONSURE, s. The act of clipping- or shaving' the hair ; the part shaven. F. tonsure: L. tonsura ,- tonsus, p. part, of tondeo, to clip. TOP ARCH. s. The chief man of a place; a lord or governor of a small country. G. topos, a place, and archos, a chief. TOPIC, s. Subject of discourse; a general head, to which other things are referred ; an external remedy, applied to some particular part. F. topique : G. iopos, a place. TOPICAL, adj. Relating to some general head ; local ; confined to some particular place; applied, as a remedy, to some particular part- See TOPIC. TOPOGRAPHY, s. Description of particular places. F> topographies G. topos, a place, and grapho, to write. TORNADO, s. A whirlwind ; a hurricane. Spanish ; from the L. tor- natus, p. part, oftorno, to turn as a wheel. G. twno-o. TORPEDO, s. A fish, which, when living, is said to communicate numbness by an electric shock ; a submarine engine, invented by Robert Fulton of Pennsylvania, for destroying an enemy's ships. L. torpedo,- torpeo, to be numbed. TORPID, adj. Benumbed ; motionless ; inactive. L. i&rpldus. See TORPOR. TORPOR, s. Numbness ; inability to move ; dulness of sensation. L> torpor / from torpeo, to be numb. TORREFACTION. s. Act of roasting, or drying by the fire. F. torre- faction: L. torref actus, p. part, of torrefacio ; comp. of torreo, to roast, and facio, to make. TORRID, adj. Parched; scorching. L. torridus ,- from torreo, to roast. TORT. b. A wrong committed ; an injury. F. tort: L. tortus, p. part- of torqueo, to twist. TORTIOUS, adj. Wrongful ; injurious. See TORT. TORTUOUS, adj. Twisted ; winding. L. tortuosus ; tortus, p. part. of torqueo, to writhe. TORTURE, s. Infliction of pain ; pain, by which guilt is punished, or confession extorted ; extreme pain. L. tortura ; torturus, (future part, of torqueo,) about to writhe. TOTAL, adj. Whole ; complete ; full L. totalis ,• tot* so many, just so muck, TOT— TRA TOTIDEM VERBIS. In just so many words. L. TOUPET. s. A little tuft of hair. F. from toupier, to whirl aboO* TOUR. s. A journey, comprehending" many places, and requiring- vari- ous turnings. F. from tourner, to turn, or wind around: L. torno. TOURNAMENT, s. Tilt; joust; mock encounter. F. tournoyement « tournoyer, tourner, to whirl about. L. tamo. TOURNIQUET, s. A surgical instrument, used in amputation, &x. capable of being- straitened or relaxed by turning a handle. F. from tourner, to turn. TRACE, s. Mark left by any thing passing ; appearance of what has been ; harness .by which a beast draws a carriage, &c. (verb, — to follow by the trace or remaining mark ; to delineate, &c.) F. trace. See TRACK. TRACK, s. Trace ; mark impressed on a road, by any thing drawn over it ; impression ; beaten path. L. tractus ; from the p. part, of traho, to draw. TRACT, s. A region, the boundaries of which are supposed to be traced out, or defined ; a treatise ; a small book. L. tractus ,• from a part, of traho, to draw. TRACTABLE, adj. Manageable ; docile ; compliant. L. tractabilis ,- tractus, p. part, of traho, to draw. TRACTILE, adj. Capable of being drawn out; ductile. See TRACT- ABLE. TRACTION, s. Act of drawing ; state of being drawn. L. tractus, p. . part, of traho, to draw. TRADE, s. Traffic ; mutual delivery or exchange of merchandise ? species of traffic. L. trado, to deliver: comp. of trans, across, and do, to give. TRADITION, s. Delivery or oral communication of occurrences, from one age to another ; an occurrence thus communicated. L. traditio,- from trado, to deliver. TRADUCE, t'. To censure, or calumniate. L. traduco ,- trans, across, and duco, to carry; meaning to bear about, from one to another, that which is unfavourable. TRADUCIBLE. adj. Deliverable; derivable. L. traduco,- trans', across, or from one place to another, and duco, to lead. TRAFFIC, v. To trade in person, or by means of an agent, abroad. Italian, traffico : L. trans, across, or from one place to another, and facio, to make, or do. TRAGEDY, s. A dramatic representation, of a serious and affecting kind ; a mournful event ; a dreadful catastrophe. L. tragoedia : G. tragodia,- from tragos, a male-goat, and ode, a song. Tragedy, which has attained so high dignity, was, at first, only a trial of iambics between two peasants, and a goat was the prize: thus, Hor- ace calls it, vile certamen ob hircum, — "a mean contest for a he- goat." TRAGIC, or TRAGICAL, adj. Relating to tragedy ; mournful ; ca- lamitous ; dreadful. L. tragicus. See TRAGEDY: TRAIN, v. To educate ; to teach ; to exercise. F. trainer.- L. tra- hendus, p. future part, of traho, to draw. TRAIN, s. That which is designed to be drawn after any thing, — as, the tail of a bird, the tail of a gown, or cannon accompanying an TRA— TRA arm}'; a connected series, in which one thing- is followed by another; process ; method ; retinue ? a trail or line of powder, reaching" to a mine, &c. F. train; L. trahendus, (to be drawn,) p. future part. oftraho, to draw. TRAIT, s. Sketch ; moral picture ; moral feature ; action, or striking 1 occurrence in human life, (generally pronounced tray,) F. trait, (formerly traict:) L. tracius ,- from the p. part, of traho, to draw. TRAITOR, s. One who delivers, to an enemy, that with which he has been intrusted ; one who, being trusted, betrays. F. traitre ; L. traditor ,- trado, to deliver, or yield. TRA'JECT. s. A ferry 5 a means of passing across, a river. L. tra- jectus; from the p. part, of trajicio ; trans, across, and jacio, to throw. TRAJECT'. v. To throw across ; to cast. See the substantive. TRAMMEL, s. A net 5 a kind of shackles, in which horses are taught tcpace; a human snare; an impediment or obstruction. F. tramaiL- L._ trames, a cross way : tramissus, p. part, of tramitto, (for irans- mitto : ) trans, across, and miito, to send. TRANCE. .. See TRANSE. TRANSACT, v. To negotiate ; to manage ; to perform ; to do. L. iransacium, sup. of iransigo ; comp. of trans, across, or from one place to another, and ago, to do. TRANSCEND! v. To surpass ; to exceed, or excel ; to surmount. L. transcendo ; trans, beyond, and scando, to climb. TRANSCRIBE, v. To copy in writing. L. transcribo ; trans, across, or from one place to another, and scribo, to write. TRANSCRIPT, s. A written copy. L. transcriptus, p. part, of trans- cribe). See TRANSCRIBE. TRANSE. 5. State of apparent death; sleep, unusually prolonged. F. trans : L. transitus, p. part, of transeo,- trans, beyond, and eo, to go. TRANSFER, v. To convey; to remove. L. transfero,- trans, across, and fero, to cany. TRANSFIGURATION, s. Change of form. L. transfiguratio ,• from transfiguro; trans, across, or from one to another, and figuro, to shape. See FIGURE. •TRANSFIX, v. To pierce through. L. transfixum, sup. of transjigo ; trans, across, and^go, to stick, or fasten. TRANSFORM, v. To metamorphose ; to change the shape. L. trans- formo ,• trans, across, or from one to another, and forma, shape. TRANSFUSE, v. To pour out of one into another ; to spread. L. transfusum, sup. 01 transfundo, -trans, across, or beyond, and fundo, to pour. TRANSGRESS, v. To pass beyond; to violate; to offend, by violating a law. L. transgression, sup. of transgredior ; trans, beyond, and gradim*, to walk: gradus, a step. TRANSIENT, adj. Soon past ; soon passing ; momentary. L. tran- sierts, part, of transeo ; trans, across, and eo, to go. TRANSIT. 5. Passage; the passage of any planet over the sun, moon, or stars. L. transitus. See TRANSITION. TRANSITION, s. Removal ; passage from one state or thing to an- other ; change. L. iransitio ; transitus, part, of transeo ;. trans, across, and eo, to go. TRA—TRA TRANSITIVE, adj. Having- the power of passing ; (in grammar,^) a verb transitive is that which signifies an action, conceived as having an effect upon some object. L. transitivus. See TRANSITION. TRANSITORY, adj. Continuing only a short time; speedily vanishing. L. transitorius. See TRANSITION. TRANSLATE, v. To remove ; to convey ; to change into another lan- guage. L. translation, sup. of transfero ; trans, across, or from one to another, and/e?-0, to carry. TRANSLOCATION, s. Change of place. L. trans, across, or from one to another, and locus, a place. TRANSLUCENT, or TRANSLUCID. adj. Transparent; clear; afford- ing a passage to the light through its pores. L. translucens, part, of translucto, to shine through: comp. of trans, across, and luceo, to shine. Translucid is derived from irunslucidus. TRANSMARINE, adj. Situated on the other side of the sea ; found beyond sea. L. transrnarinus ,- trans, across, or beyond, and mare, the sea. TRANSMIGRATION, s. Passage from one place or state into another, L. transnv grains, p. part, of transmigro ; from trans, across, mean- ing from one to another, and nrigro, to remove. TRANSMISSION, s. Act of transmitting. L. transmissio ,• transmissus., p. part, of transmitto. See TRANSPUT. TRANSMIT, v. To send from one person or place to another. L. transmitto ,- trans, across, and mitto, to send. TRANSMONTANE. adj. Beyond the mountain. L. trans, across, and mons, a mountain. - TRANSMUTE, v. To change from one nature to another. L. trans- muio ,• from trans, across, meaning from one to another, and muto, to change. TRANSPARENT, adj. Allowing the light to pass through its pores ; clear ; pellucid ; not opaque. F. transparent : L. trans, across, and parens, part, of pareo, to appear. TRANSPIERCE, v. To pierce through ; to transfix. L. trans, across, and pierce. TRANSPIRE, v. To perspire ; to escape from secrecy to publicity, L. transpiro ; trans, across, or beyond, and spiro, to breathe. TRANSPLANT, v. To remove, and plant in another place; to remove and settle. L. trans, across, or beyond, and plant. TRANSPORT', v. To cany from one place to another, at a consider- able distance ; to hurry by violence of passion ; to put into extasy. L. transporto ; trans, across, or beyond, and porto, to carry. TRANSPORT, s. Conveyance; a vessel in which soldiers or munitions of war are conveyed ; extasy. See the verb. TRANSPOSE, v. To alter, interchangeably, the position of things or words. F. transposer : L. transposition, sup. of transpono ,• trans,^ across, and pono, to place. TRANSUBSTANTIATION. s. A miraculous operation, believed in the Church of Rome, by which the bread and wine of the eucharist are supposed to be changed into the real body and blood of Christ. F. transubstantiation : L. trans, across, or from ene to another, ai» \ a sj ie. TRIMETER, adj. Consisting of three poetical m sasures. G. trimeiros,- treis, three, and metron, a measure. TRINAL. adj. Threefold. L. trinus „■ tres, three, ana uhus, one. TRINITY. 5. Three in one. L. triniias; ires, three, and wiitas, unity; units, one. TRI— TRO TRIPARTITE, adj. Divided into three parts ; having three correa* pondent copies ; relating" to three parties. L. tripartita ,• comp. of tres, three, and partitus, p. part, of partio, to divide. TRIPEDAL. adj. Having- three feet. L. tripedis, gen. of tripes, • tres t three, and pes, a foot. TRIPETALOUS. adj. Having- a flower consisting- of three leaves. G. treis, three, and petalon, a leaf. TRIPHTHONG, s. The coalition of three vowels to form one sound. G. treis, three, and phthongos, a sound. TRIPLE, adj. Threefold; treble. F. triple: L. triplex,- comp. of tres, three, and plico, to fold. TRIPLET. s. Three of a land ; three verses rhyming- together. See TRIPLE. TRIPLICATE, s. Made thrice as much 5 a second copy, or third of three of the same kind. L. iriplicatus. See TRIPLE. TRIPOD. 5. A seat with three feet. G. tripous, (gen. tripodos ,•) from treis, three, and pons, a foot. TRIPTOTE. s. A noun used only in three cases. L. triptoton : G. treis, three, and ptosis, a case. TRIREME. 5. A galley with three benches of oars. L. triremis ; from tres, three, and remits, an oar. TRISECT, v. To cut into three parts. L. tres, three, and seco, to cut. TRISYLLABLE, s. A word consisting of three syllables. L. trisyllabu; ires, three, and syllaba, a syllable. TRITJEUS. s. The tertian ague. G. tritaios, tertian: treis, three. TRITE, adj. Worn out ; common. L. tritus, p. part, of tero, to rub. TRITURATE, v. To levigate or reduce to powder by friction. L. trituro: from trituvus, (future part, of tero,) about to rub. TRIUMPH. 5. Pomp with which a victory is celebrated; state of being victorious ; conquest. L. triumphus : G. thriambos : thrion, a leaf, (meaning, of laurel,) and embaino, to go in state. TRIUMVIRATE, or TRIUMVIRI. s. Coalition of three men, as of Caesar, Pomp ey, and Crassus. L. triumviraius, or triumviri: tres, three, and viri, (pi. of vir,) men. TRIUNE, adj. Three and one, at the same time. L. ires, three, and unus, one. TRIVIAL, adj. Vulgar ; trifling ; unimportant ; inconsiderable. L. trivia U s : trivium, a place where three ways meet, (therefore,) a place of common resort : ires, three, and via, a way; TROCHOLTCS. s. The art of wheel-work. G. trochos, a wheel. TROPE, s. Figurative change of a word from its original signification. G. tropos : from trepo, to turn. TROPHY, s. Something shown- or treasured up in proof of victory. L. tropsexvm, or tropkseum : G. trcpaion : from trepo, to turn ; allud- ing to the flight or turning of the enemy. TROPIC. 5-. The line at which the sun appears to return, in his decli- nation to the north or to the south. L. tropicus : G. trepo, to turn. TROPICAL, adj. In grammar, figurative: from Trope: — In astronomy, within or belonging to the tropics. See TROPIC. TROVER, s. In the common law, an action which one person has against another, who has found, (or has, by any means, in his pos- TRO— TUR session) any of the plaintiff's goods, and refuses to deliver them. F, trouver, to find. TROY. adj. A species of weight, of which there are 12 ounces in a pound. — The fair of Troves, in Champaign, (says Adam Smith) was, in the reign of Henry VIII. of England, (by whom this weight was introduced into the mint,) frequented by all the nations of Eu- rope, and its weights and measures generally known and esteemed. TRUCK, s. A kind of carriage, with low wheels, for carrying heavy weights. G. trochos, a wheel. TRUCKLE, s. A small wheel ; the moveable part of a pulley. G. trochos, a wheel. TRUNCATE, v. To lop ; to cut short ; to maim. L. trunco. See TRUNK. TRUNCHEON, s. A short staff ; a cudgel ; a staff of command. F. troncon : L. truncus, cut short, TRUNK, s. The body of a tree, exclusive of the branches ; the body of an animal, without the limbs ; a hollow piece of timber, for con- veying fluids ; a species of chest ; the proboscis of an elephant. L. trunciiSy cut short. TUBERCLE, s. A small swelling or excrescence ; a pimple. L. tu- berculum ; dim. of tuber, a puff, growing in the ground like a mush- room. TUBEROUS, adj. Having prominent knots or excrescences. L. tu- berosus ; tuber, a puff growing in the ground like a mushroom. TUBULAR, adj Resembling a pipe ; consisting of a pipe or pipes ; fistular. L. tubus, a. conduit-pipe. TUBULE, s. A small pipe, or fistular body. L. tubulus, dim. a? tubus, a conduit-pipe. TUITION, s. Guardianship ; care exercised by a guardian or tutor ; general instruction. L. initio ; tutus, p. part, oftueor, to behold, or defend. TUMEFACTION, s. Swelling. L. tumef actio ; from tumefactus, p. part, of tumef acio ; comp. oi' tumeo, to swell, and facio, to make. TUMID, adj. Swelled; protuberant; pompous; falsely sublime. L. iumidus ; tumeo, to swell. TUMOUR, s. A morbid swelling. L. tumor ; tumeo, to swell. TUMULOSE. adj. Full of little hills. L. tumulosus ; tumulus, a hil- lock: from tumeo, to swell. TUMULT, s. Promiscuous commotion in a multitude ^ popular dis- turbance. L. tumultus ; from tumeo, to swell. TUNIC, s. Part of the Roman dress ; (in anatomy,) a natural covering or integument. L. tunica. TUNICLE. s. Natural cover ; integument. L. tunicula, a little coat. See TUNIC. TURBID, adj. Muddy. L. hirbidus ; turbo, a whirling round. TURBULENCE, s. Tumult; confusion; disorder. L. turbulentia ,■ turba, a crowd: turbo, a whirling round. TURGESCENCE. s. The act of swelling; the state of being swelled; vain magnificence. L. turgescens, part, ofturgesco. See TURGID. TURGID, adj. Swelling ; bloated ; pompous ; vainly magnificent. L. iurgidus ,• from ta^geo, to swell. TURPITUDE, s. Vilenessj badnesa. L. turpitudo; turpis, filthy. TUR— ULT TURRET, s. A small eminence, or little tower, raised above the rest of a building-. L. turris, a tower. TUTELAGE, s. Guardianship ; state of being- under a tutor or guard- ian. F. tutelage .- L. tutela. See TUITION. TUTELAR, or TUTELARY, adj. Protecting; guarding. F. tutelaire. See TUTELAGE. TUTOR, s. One who has the care of another's learning and morals ; a teacher. L. tutor ; from tutus, p. part, of tueor, to behold, or de- fend. TYMPANUM, s. A part of the ear, which is supposed to be the im- mediate organ of hearing; so called, from its resemblance to a drum. L. tympanum : G. tumpanon, a drum. TYMPANY, s. A kind of obstructed flatulence, which swells the body- like a drum. L. tympanum : G. tumpanon, a drum. TYPE. s. A mark ; an emblem ; prefiguration ; a printing letter. L. iypus .- G. tupos, a mark ; from tupto, to beat. TYPHUS, s. A species of continued fever. G. iuphos, stupor, sense- lessness. TYPICAL, adj. Emblematical ; figurative. L. typicus. See TYPE. TYPIFY, v. To figure ; to show by an emblem. L. typus, a type, and facio, to make. See TYPE. TYPOGRAPHY, s. Emblematical or hieroglyphical representation ; art of printing with types. L. typographia .• G. tupos, a type, and grapho, to write. See TYPE. TYRANNICIDE, s. The act of killing a tyrant ; one who has killed a tyrant. L. tyrannus, a tyrant, and caedo, to kill. TYRANT, s. Originally meant one who had gained the ascendency, or absolute rule, in a republic ; it now denotes an imperious mon- arch ;' a cruel and severe master ; an oppressor. L. tyrannus : G. turannos, regal: teiro, to subject. TYRO. s. One not yet master of his art ; a beginner. L. tyro, or tiro-. U. UBIQUITY, s. Omnipresence; existence at the same time in all places. L. ubique, in every place. ULCER, s. A hollow sore, from which matter issues. F. ulcere: L. ulcus : G. ulx, a furrow. ULIGINOUS, adj. Oozy; slimy; muddy. L. uliginosus ; u tigo, the natural moisture of the earth. ULTERIOR, adj. Further. L. compar. of ultra, beyond: ultra, ulte- rior, ultimus. ULTIMATE, adj. Intended as the last resort ; last in a train of conse- quences. L. ultimus, the last ; superl. of ultra, bevond. ULTIMATUM, s. Ultimate or last offer or decision. See ULTI- MATE. ULTIMO, abbreviated ult°. or ult. The last preceding [month]. L» abl. of ultimus, last. ULTRAMARINE, adj. Situated beyond the sea ; foreign. L. ultra. beyond, and mare, the sea. ULTRAMONTANE, adj. Situated beyond the mountains. L. ultra. beyond,, and mans, (gen. montis,) a mountain. ULT— UNI ULTRAMUNDANE, adj. Beyond the world. L. ultra, beyond, aud mundus, the world. UMBRAGE, s. Shade; shadow: — resentment; offence; suspicion of injury. — The last three uses of this word, umbrage, maybe explain- ed, by supposing", that the person giving an offence, is thrown, as it is said, in the shade, or out of tbe favourable aspect of the other's countenance. F. ombrage .• L. umbra, a shadow, or shade. UMBRAGEOUS, adj. Shady; yielding shade. F. ombragieux : L. umbra, a shadow, or shade. UMBRELLA, s. A portable skreen, used as a shelter from the sun, or from the rain. L. umbra, a shade. UMPIRE, s. One, to whose sole judgment, the decision of a contro- versy is referred. L. imperator ,• impero, to rale. UN. A Saxon privative or negative particle, having the same effect as the L. in, when this preposition is used to mark privation or ne- gation: thus, unconnected, means not connected, and ewcapable, not capable. UNANIMOUS, adj. Of one mind; without any discordance. L. unanU mus, or unanimis ; comp. of unus, one, and animus, the mind. UNCTION, s. Act of anointing; rite of anointing; ointment. L. unctioi unctus, p. part, ofungo, or unguo, to smear. UNCTUOUS. adj. Fat ; clammy ; oily. L. unctus. See UNCTION. UNDULARY. adj. Moving as waves ; moving with intermissions. See UNDULATE. UNDULATE, v. To move as waves ; to move with intermissions. L, undulo ; unda, a waye. UNGUENT, s. Ointment. L. unguentum,- from unguo, or ungo, to smear. UNICORN, s. A beast that has naturally only one horn. L. unicornis,- unus, one, and cornu, a horn. UNIFORM, adj. Similar to itself; preserving the same tenor; con- forming to one rule; acting in the same manner; agreeing with each other. L. unus, one, and forma, shape. UNION, s. Junction, so as out of two or more, to make one; concord. F. union ; from the L. unus, one. UNIPAROUS. adj. Bringing forth one at a birth. L. unus, one, and pario, to bring forth. UNIQUE, adj. When we say a thing is unique, we mean that it is the only thing of its kind. F, unique .• L. unicus ; unus, one. UNIT. s. One ; the least number, or the root of numbers. See UNITY. UNITARIAN, s. One who does not believe in the doctrine of the trinity. L. unus, one. UNITE, v. To join two or more, so as to make one; to act in concert; to be cemented, &c. See UNITY. UNITY, s. The state of being one; concord; conjunction; uniformity; species of dramatic propriety. L. unitas ,- unus, one. UNIVERSAL, adj. General ; extending to all ; total ; whole ; not particular. L. universalis ,- unus, one, and versus, p, part, of verto, to turn. UNIVERSE, s. The general system of things ; the whole creation. See UNIVERSAL- UNI— UXO UNIVERSITY, s. A college, incorporated for the education of youtE, in all the liberal ails, sciences, &c, and empowered to confer de- grees. A university generally comprehends many colleges, as is exemplified in those of Oxford and Cambridge, in England. L. umversitas. See UNIVERSAL. UNIVOCAL. adj. Having one meaning ; certain ; regular. L. uni~ vocus ; comp. of unus, one, and vox, (gen. vocis,) a voice. URBANITY, s. Civility ; elegance ; politeness ; agreeableness. L. urbanitas, a city life, civility, courtesy: urbs, a city. URGE. v. To incite ; to push ; to drive ; to press by motives, or by argument; to enforce; to importune or solicit. L. urgeo, to press on. URGENT, adj. Inciting ; pressing ; importunate or solicitous. L. ur- gent, part, of urgeo. See URGE. URINAL, s. A vessel for holding urine. F. urinal: L. urina : G. ouron, urine. URN. s. A water pot, the mouth of which is narrower than the body : a vessel of similar form, in which the remains of burned bodies were deposited ; an ornament of the same shape. L. urna, a water- pitcher. USAGE. s. Custom ; long continued practice ; treatment. F. usage : L. usus. See USE. USE. s. Application to any purpose ; proper designation or instru- mentality ; agency ; help ; benefit ; practice, &c. L. usus ,- from a part, of utor, to use. USHER, s. One whose business is to introduce strangers, or walk be- fore persons of high rank ; an under-teacher, or one who introduces young scholars to higher learning. F. huissier ; from huts, a door. USTULATION. a. The roasting of ores, to separate the arsenic and sulphur from the metal. L. ustulatus, p. part, oiusiulo, (from uro,) to burn. USUFRUCT, s. Temporary use ; enjoyment of the profits, without power to alienate. L. usus, use, and/mc^ws, fruit. USURP, v. To possess by force or intrusion ; to seize or possess with- out right. L. usurpo, the frequentative form of utor, to use. "USURY, s. Money paid for the use of money ; interest ; the practice of taking interest. But the term usury , is now used only to denote a higher rate of interest than is allowed by law, or the practice of charging it. F. usure ; L. usura ,■ from utor, to use. UTENSIL, s. An instrument for use. F. utensile : L. utor, to use. UTERINE, adj. Relating or belonging to the womb. L. uterinus. See UTERUS. UTERUS. *. The womb. L. UTILE DULCI. The usefid with the pleasant. L. UTILITY, s. Usefulness ; profit ; convenience. L. utilitas ; utor, to use. VTI POSSIDETIS. A diplomatic phrase, used when two or more states desire to make peace, on the terms that each shall retain the possessions which it then holds: opposed to status quo ante bellum. L. uti, as, possidetis, (from possideo,) you possess. UXORIOUS, adj. Submissively fond of a wife ; infected with conntt- - bial dotage. L. uocorius; uxor, a wife. VAC— VAN VACANT, adj. Empty ; unoccupied ; thoughtless ; unintelligent. L. vacan.% part, of vaco, to be empty. VACATE, v. To make vacant, or void ; to quit possession of. L. vaco, to be empty. VACATION, s. Recess from a place of business; intermission of stated employments. L. vacatio > vacatus, p. part, of vaco, to be empty. VACCINE, adj. Vaccine inoculation (an important substitute for the variolus,) was perfected by Dr. Jenner of England, about the year 1800, and received its name from the infectious matter having been first taken from tlie teats of cows. L. vacca, a cow. VACUITY, s. Emptiness ; space unfilled, or unoccupied 5 want of reality. L. vacuitas. See VACUUM. VACUUM, s. Space unoccupied by matter, or from which the atmo 1 spheric air has been exhausted. L. from vaco, to be empty. VAGABOND, adj. Wandering, without any settled habitation ; (al- ways, now, considered in a reproachful sense. ) F." vagabond: L« vagabundus ; vagor, to wander. VAGARY, s. A freak ; a capricious frolic. L. vagor, to wander. VAGRANT, adj. Wandering ; unsettled ; vagabond. L. vagor, to wander. VAGUE, adj. Unfixed ; unsettled ; undetermined ; indefinite. F. vague : L. vagus ,- vagor, to wander. VAIN. adj. Unreal ; shadowy ; showy ; fond of admiration ; useless ; fruitless; ineffectual, &c. F. vain: L. vanus, empty. VALE. s. A valley ; a hollow between hills. L. vallis ; from vallo, to enclose. VALEDICTION, s. A farewell. L. vale, farewell, and dictio, a saying: dico, to speak. VALEDICTORY, adj. Bidding farewell. See VALEDICTION. VALETUDINARIAN, s. One who, through infirmity of body, is com- pelled to nurse himself, in order to restore his constitution. L. vale.' tudo, health, or sickness. VALIANT, adj. Strong ; brave. F. vaillant : L. valeo, to be strong. VALID, adj. Efficacious ; convincing ; conclusive. L. validus ; from valeo, to be strong. VALLEY, s. A vale ; a hollow between hills. L. vallis; vallo, to en- close. VALOUR, s. Strength ; bravery. L. valor ; valeo, to be strong. VALUE, s. Price ; worth ; rate. F. value; valoir, to have worth: L. valeo, to be strong. VAN. s. The front division of an army or fleet. F. avant, before. VANISH, v. To lose perceptible existence; to disappear; to pass away. L. inceptive, vanesco „• from vanus, empty. VANITY, s. Emptiness ; fruitless endeavour ; vain pursuit ; presump- tion ; idle show ; fondness of admiration. L. vanitas. See VAIN. VANQUISH, v. To conquer. F.vaincre: h.vinco; from vincio, to bind. X2 VAP— VEN VAPID, adj. Spiritless; having the spirit evaporated. L. vapidus See VAPOUR. VAPOUR, s. Fluid in an xriform state ; steam. L. vapor. VARIANCE, s. Disagreement ; discord ; dissension. See VARY. VARIEGATE, v. To diversify ; to stain with various colours. From vary, with the addition of the L. verb ago, to make. VARIETY, s. Change 5 difference ; dissimilitude ; deviation. L. vari- etas. See VARY. VARIOLOID, s. A new species of disorder, resembling the small-pox. L. variolae ,• from varus, a spot, and G. eidos, form. VARIOUS, adj. Changeable ; uncertain ; different ; several. L. va* rim. See VARY. VARY. v. To change ; to diversify ; to be changeable ; to deviate 5 to disagree. L. vario, to draw with, (or be of,) various colours: varus, a spot. VASCULAR, adj. Consisting of little vessels ; full of little vessels. L. vasculum, dim. of vas, a vessel. VASE. s. A domestic vessel, rather for show than use. F. vase : L. vas, a vessel (of any kind, for domestic use. ) VASSAL, s. One who holds of a superior lord ; a dependant ; one who acts by the will of another. F. vassal : L. vas, a pledge, or VAST. adj. Very large ; very great ; immensely »pacious. L. vastus, waste, desolate, wide, huge, &c. VATICINATION, s. Act of prophesying; a foretelling. L. vaticination from votes, a prophet. VEAL. s. The flesh of a calf. F. veau: L. vitulus, a calf. VEDETTE, s. A mounted sentinel, who observes the movements of an enemy. F. vedette ; from the L. video, to see. VEGETABLE. *. Any thing that grows as a plant. L. vegetabilis. See VEGETATE. VEGETATE, v. To grow as plants ; to grow without sensation. L. vegeto { from vegeo, to be strong and healthy, to stir or move up. VEHEMENT, adj. Violent ; forcible ; ardent. L. vehemens ,- veho, to carry. ^VEHICLE, v. That in which any thing is carried ; that by means of which any thing is conveyed. L. vehiculum ; veho, to carry. VEIL. s. A small curtain for concealing the face ; means of conceal- ment ; a disguise. L. velum ; veto, to cover. VELOCIPEDE, s. A small carriage, driven by the feet. L. velox, (gen. velocis,) swift, and pes, (gen. pedis, ) a foot. "VELOCITY, s. Speed; swiftness. L. velocitas,- velox, swift: from tioh, (volare,) to fly. VENAL, adj. Mercenary; prostitute. F. venal: L. venalis ,- -from veneo, to be sold. YENATIC. adj. Used in hunting. L.. venaticus ; venatus, part, of venor, to seek after, or hunt. VEND. v. To sell. L. vendo, to sell. VENDIBLE, adj. Saleable. L. vendibilis ,- vendo, to sell. VENDITIONI EXPONAS. The name of a judicial writ, directing a sheriff to sell certain property therein described. L. exponas f you must expose 3 venditioni, to sale: expono, and vendition VEN— VER VENDUE, s. Public sale, generally by auction. F. from vendre ; L; vendo, to sell. VENENATE. v. To poison; to infect with poison. L. veneno : G. pheno, to kill. VENERABLE, adj. To be regarded with awe ; to be treated with reverence ; deserving the highest degree of respect. L. venerabilis. See VENERATE. VENERATE, v. To regard with awe ; to reverence. L. veneror, to worship. VENESECTION, s. Act of opening a vein ; blood-letting. L. vena, a vein, and sectus, p. part, of seen, to cut. VENIAL, adj. Pardonable 5 excusable ; permitted. F. veniel: L. venia, leave. VENIRE FACIAS. The name of a judicial writ, by which a sheriff is directed to summon a jury. L. facias, you must cause, [them,] venire, to come: venio, and facio. VENISON, s. The flesh of deer. F. venaison : L. venor, to hunt. VENOM, s. Poison. L. venenum. See VENENATE. VENT. s. An aperture through which any thing comes out; emission; passage, &c. L. ventum, sup. of venio, to come. VENT. s. Sale. F. vente : L. venditio ,• venditus, part, of vendo, to sell. VENTIDUCT, s. A passage for the wind. L. ventus, wind, and ductus, a guidance: from the p. part, of duco, to lead. VENTILATE, v. To cool or purify, by the admission of wind. L. veil- tilo ; from ventus, wind. VENTRAL, adj. Relating or belonging to the belly. L. venter, the belly. VENTRICLE, s. The stomach ; any small cavity in an animal body, particularly of the heart. L. ventriculus, dim. of venter, the belly. VENTRILOQUIST, s. One who pretends that he speaks from his belly, but who has acquired the art of articulating his words without using the proper organs of speech ; and can so modify his tones, as to induce a belief that the sound issues from any place to which he directs the attention of his auditors. L. venter, the belly, and hquor, to speak. VENTURE. 5. A hazard ; an undertaking of chance and danger ; the thing put to hazard, &c. F. avanture : L. venturus, (future part, of venio,) about to come. VERACITY, s. Moral truth ; honesty of report. L. veracis, gen. of verax, true of speech. VERB. s. A part of speech, defined as signifying "to be, to do, or to suffer." L. verbum, a word: thus, making the verb pre-eminent, a9 being the radical, from which is formed the greater portion of the other parts of speech. VERBAL, adj. Spoken ; not written ; oral ; consisting of mere words; referring to mere words, not to the matter or general style ; literal ; having word corresponding to word ; derived from a verb. L. ver- balis ; verbum, a word. See VERB. VERBATIM. Word for word. L. from verbum, a word. VERBATIM ET LITERATIM. Word for word, and letter foi letter; without the smallest variation. L. adverbs, verbatim, word VER— VET? for word, and literatim, letter for letter: verbum, a word, and titera, a letter. VERBERATE. v. To beat ; to strike. L. verbero ; from verber, a whip. VERBOSE, adj. Exuberant in words ; tedious, by a multiplicity of words. L. verbosus ,- verbum, a word. VERDANT, adj. Green. F. verdoyanl (formerly, verdoiant ,•) L. viri- dans ; vireo, to flourish, or to be green: vires, pi. of vis, strength. VERDERER. s. An officer of a forest. F. verdier .• L. viridarium, a green place, enclosed for beasts and fowls: from viridis, green. VERDITER. s. Chalk made green. F. verd, green, and terre, earth. VERDICT, s. The determination of a jury, declared to the judge; de- cision ; judgment. Law r L. veredictum ,• L. verum, neuter of verus 9 true, and dictum, a saying. VERDURE, s. Green ; green colour. F. verdure. See VERDANT. VERGE, s. A rod, or something resembling it, carried as an emblem of authority ; the mace of a dean. F. verge : L. virga, a rod. VERGE, s. The brink ; the edge ; the utmost border. L. vergo, to decline, or bend towards. VERGER, s. Re that carries the verge or mace before a dean. See VERGE. VERIFY, v. To confirm ; to prove true. F. verifier .- L. verus, real, or true, and facio, to make. VERILY, adv. Truly ; certainly ; with great confidence. See VERY. VERISIMILITUDE, s. Probability ; resemblance of truth. L. verisi- militude; comp. of veri, gen. of verum, truth, and similitudo, a likeness. VERITABLE, adj. True ; in accordance with fact. F. veritable. See VERITY. VERITY, s. Truth. L. veritas ; verus, real. VERMICULAR, adj. Acting like a worm; continued from one part to another. L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis, a worm. VERMICULE. s. A little worm. L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis, a worm. VERMIFORM, adj. Having the shape of a worm. L. vermis, a worm, and forma, shape. VERMIFUGE, s. A medicine for expelling or destroying worms. L. vermis, a worm, and f ugo, to drive away. VERMIN, s. Noxious animals ; a term used commonly in relation to small creatures of a disagreeable or destructive nature. F. vermin .• L. vermis, a worm, grub, &.c. VERNACULAR, adj. Native ; of one's own countiy. L. vernaculus } from verna, a bond-servant, or one born in the house. VERNAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the spring of the year. L. vernus ; ver, the spring. VERSATILE, adj. Changeable ; variable ; easily applied to a new task. L. versatilis ; verso, to turn often: verto, to turn. VERSE, s. Language restrained to harmonic sounds, or a regular number of syllables ; a line of verse ; a portion of Scripture, con- tained in one numerical division. This species of composition is generally called poetry; though, a poem is not always written in verse, nor is verse always poetry, — which denotes an exertion of VER— VIA genius, and a captivating display of originality. L. versus ; from verto, to turn. See PROSE. VERSED, adj. Skilled (in;) acquainted (with.) L. verso, to turn often, or consider: verto, to turn. VERSIFY, v. To make verses. F. versifier : L. vers'fico ,- comp. of versus, a verse, and facto, to make. VERSION. 5. Translation. L. versw,- versus, p. part, of verto, to turn. VERSUS, prep. Against. L. VERTEBRAL, adj. Relating to the joints of the spine. L. vertebra, a turning joint in the body; verto, to turn. VERTEX', s. The zenith, the point over head ; the top. L. vertex, the top of any thing: verto, to turn. VERTICAL, adj. Placed in the zenith ; placed in a direction perpen- dicular to the horizon. L. verticis, gen. of vertex. See VERTEX. VERTIGINOUS, adj. Turning round; "rotary; giddy. L. vertiginosus ; vertiginis, gen. of vertigo, turning round: from verto, to turn. VERTIGO, s. A giddiness, or sense of turning, in the head. L. from verto, to turn. VERY. adj. True ; real ; same or precise: adv. emphatically ; in a high degree. Old F. veray, (modern, vrai,) true: L. vents, real. VESICATE, v. To blister. L. vesica, a -bladder, or (figuratively,) a blister. VESICLE, s. A small cuticle, filled or inflated. L. vesicula, dim. of vesica, a bladder. VESICULAR, adj. In anatomy, hollow - y full of small interstices. See VESICLE. VESPERS. *. Evening service of the Roman church. L. vesper, the evening. VEST. v. To dress ; to deck ; to enrobe ; to make possessor of; to invest with ; to place under the authority of. L. vestio ,• from vestis, a garment. VESTAL, adj. Consecrated to Vesta; having virgin purity, h.vestalis, See the heathen mythology. VESTIGE, s. Mark left behind in passing ; trace. L. vestigium, a trace. VESTMENT, s. Garment; part of dress, L. vestimentum ,• vestis, a garment. VESTRY, s. A room, belonging to a church, in which the sacerdotal garments, &c. are deposited; a parochial assembly, usually convened in the vestry-room ; an assembly of the elders and pew-holders of any church; L. vestiarium, a wardrobe: vestis, a garment. VESTURE, s. Garment; robe; dress, Old F. vesture: L. vestis, a garment VETERAN, adj. Long practised in war $ long experienced. L. vete- ranus ; veteris, gen. of vetus, old. VETO. s. Refusal ; rejection ; invested power or privilege of rejecting or annulling. L. veto, I forbid. VEX. v. To disturb ; to plague ; to lament ; to fret. L. vexo, to toss up and down ; freq. from vexus, p. part, ofveho, to carry, VIA. By the way of. L abl, of via, a way, VIA— VIL VIANDS, s. Food ; meat dressed. F. viande, food. L. vivendo, ge- rund, of vivo, to live. VIATICUM, s. Provision for a journey; in the Roman church, the last rites used to prepare the passing soul for its departure ; pecuniary- compensation to a witness, for having come to a court of justice. L. from via, a way, and itus, a going: eo, to go. VIBRATE, v. To move backward and forward, or upward and down- ward, with a quick motion ; to quiver. L. vibro, to shake. VICAR, s. A substitute ; a clergyman of the episcopal church, in de- gree below a rector. L. vicarius ; vicis, stead, place. VICARIOUS., adj. Deputed ; delegated ; acting in the place of an- other. L. vicarius. See VICAR. VICE'. In the place of. L. abl. of vicis, stead, place. VICEADMIRAL. s. The second commander of a fleet ; an admiral of the second rank. L. vice, in the place, (instead, ) and admiral. VICEGERENT, s. Alieutentant; one who possesses delegated power. L. vice, in the place, (instead,) and gerens, part, of gero, to bear. VICEROY, s. One who governs in place of a king, with regal autho» rity. L. vice, in the place, (instead,) and F. roi, a king. VICINAGE, s. A neighbourhood ; places adjoining. L. vicinia j from vicus, a village. VICINITY, s. Nearness ; state of being near ; neighbourhood. L. vicinitas. See VICINAGE. VICISSITUDE, s. Change ; revolution. L. vicissitudo ,- comp. of vicis, change, stead, and ito, to go frequently: itum, sup. of eo, to go. VICTIM, s. A sacrifice ; something slain for a sacrifice ; something destroyed. L. victima, a beast killed in sacrifice, for victory: victus, p. part, of vinco, to overcome. VICTOR, s. Conqueror. L. from vinco, to conquer. VICTUALS, s. Food. F. victuailles : L. victus, p. part, of vivo, to live. VIDE', v. See. L. imper. of video, to see. VIDELICET, or its contraction, VIZ. That is ; to wit ; namely ; comp. ofvidere, infinitive of video, to see, and licet, it is lawful — you may if you will, &c. VI JET J1RMIS. By force and arms ; by a force not sanctioned by law. L. abl. of vis, and arma. VIGIL, s. Watch ; devotion performed in the customary hours of rest; a fast observed before a holiday, &c. L. vigil, a watchman. VIGILANT, adj. Watchful; circumspect. Tu.vigilans, part, ofvigih; vigil, a watchman. VIGOROUS, adj. Strong; lively; energetic ; full of strength and life. See VIGOUR. VIGOUR, s. Strength ; health ; energy. L. vigor ,- from vigeo, to flourish ; vi, (abl. of vis,) with strength, and agendo, abl. gerund of ago, to do, or move, VILE. adj. Worthless ; mean ; sordid ; base ; wicked. L. vilis, of no value. VILIFY, v. To debase ; to degrade ; to defame, L. vilis, of no value, m&faeio, to make.* VIL— VIS VILLAGE, s. A small collection of houses in the country, less than a town. F. village : L. villa, a country-house. VILLAIN, s. This word, according- to the present popular meaning", has almost entirely changed its signification. It formerly denoted one who held lands on very dependent conditions, under the feudal system ; one who was bound to do any sort of service for his supe- rior lord. It now signifies a base, wicked rogue. F. vilain ; vil, mean, contemptible: L. vilis; or else, from villa, a village. Consult Blackstone's Commentaries. YILLANAGE. s. The state of that species of tenants formerly called villains ; or the nature of their tenure. See VILLAIN. VILLOUS, adj. Shaggy 5 rough; furry. L. villosus ,- villus, wool, or hair. YIM1NEOUS. adj. Made of twigs. L. vimineus ; vimen, a twig-. VINCIBLE, adj. Conquerable 5 superable. L.- vincibilis ,■ vinco, to conquer. VINDICATE, v. To revenge ; to avenge ; to justify; to support, or maintain; to assert ; to claim with efficacy. L. vindico ; vi, (abl. of vis,) with strength, and indico, to declare: in and dico. VINDICTIVE, adj. Revengeful. L. vindicta, vengeance. See VIN- DICATE. VINEGAR, s. Wine grown sour ; a vegetable acid, called acetous. F. vinaigre; vin, wine, and aigre, sour: L. vinum, and acer. VINOUS, adj. Having the qualities of wine ; relating to a species of fermentation. L. vinosus .• vinum, wine. VINTAGE, s. Season of gathering the grapes, and making them into wine. F. vin: L. vinum, wine. VINTNER, s. One who sells wine. F. vin : L. vinum, wine. VIOLATE, v. To infringe ; to hurt ; to injure, by irreverence or sacri- lege ; to deflower. L. violo, to force : vi, abl. of vis, force. VIOLENT, adj. Acting with great force ; produced or continued by force; unseasonably vehement ; outrageous. L. violentus : violo, to force, vi, abl. oivis, force. VIPER, s. A serpent of that species which brings forth its young alive, L. vivus, alive, and pario, to bring forth. VIRAGO, s. A blustering woman ; a woman with the qualities of a man. L. vir, a man, and ago, to act. VIRGO, s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. virgo, a virgin. VIRILITY, s. Manhood ; power of procreation. L. virilitas ,• vir, a man. VIRTUAL, adj. Having the efficacy, without the material part ; hav- ing the power, without the regular authority, of acting. F. virtuel: L. virtus, force, faculty. VIRULENT, adj. Poisonous ; venomous ; bitter ; malignant. L. vim- lentus. See VIRUS. VIRUS, s. Infectious principle ; poison. L. VISAGE, s. Countenance ; face. F. visage : L. visus ; visus, (p. part. of video,) seen. VIS-A-VIS. s. A species of carriage, in which the passengers sit oppo- site to each other. F. vis a vis, over against: visage, a face, a? against, visage, a face. ISCERA. s, The entrails. L. pi. ofviscus, a bowel, or entraiL vis— VIV VISCERATE, v. To disembowel. See VISCERA. VISCID, or VISCOUS, adj. Glutinous; sticky,- tenacious. L. visa- dus ,• viscus, properly a species of shrub, which yields a glutinous substance, called birdlime. VISCOUNT, s. The term viscount, was formerly the French name for sheriff, in England, as vicecomes, is now the Latin: vice, in the place of, ai . 3 comes, a count. The title of viscount, was first conferred by Henry VI. without any office pertaining to it; and now signifies one of the order of aobillty next below an earl. See COUNT. VISIBLE, adj. Perceptible by the eve ; apparent 5 open ; conspicu- ous L. vlsibilis. See VISION. VIS INERTiJE. In physics or mechanics, this is applied to the po ,ver of a stationary body, resisting that which would set it in mo- tion. Tn morals, it is a figurative application, and another name for sluggishness, or indolence. L. vis, the power, inertise, (gen. of inertia,) of lying still. VISION, s. Sight ; the faculty of seeing ; a supernatural appearance ; something shown in a dream ; a rhetorical figure, by which past events are represented as present. F. vision: L. visio,- visus, p. part, of video, to see. VISIONARY, adj. Affected by phantoms ; disposed to receive im- pressions on the imagination ; imaginary. F. visionaire. See VI- SION. VISIT, v. To go to see; to be in the habit of mutual salutations at the houses of each other; (in scriptural language,) to send good or evil judicially. L. visito, to gx> often to see: visum, sup. of video, to see. VISITATION, s. ForrnaC or tedious visit ; judicial good or evil sent by God. L. visito. See VISIT. VISOR, s. A mask for disguising the face. See VISAGE. VISTA, s. View through an open space, as between trees, See. Ita- lian : from the L. visus, p. part, of video, to see. VISUAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the sight. F. visuel; L. visus, sight: from video, to see. VITAL, adj. Contributing to life ; necessary to life ; relating to life, essential, &c. L. vitalis ; vita, life. VITALS, s. Parts essential to life. See VITAL. VITIATE, v. To corrupt ; to make less pure. L. vitio ; vitiunty faultiness, or deformity. VITIOUS, or VICIOUS, adj. Corrupt ; wicked ; prone to vice. L. vitiosus ; from vitium, faultiness, deformity. VITREOUS, adj. Consisting of glass; resembling glass. L. vitreus ,• vitrum, glass. VITRIFY, v. To become glass ; to change into glass. F. vitrifier : L. vitrum, glass, and facio, to make. VITRIOL, s. This term, which refers to a glassy appearance, is no longer used by chemists, but is superseded by that of sulphate: thus, Roman or blue vitriol is called sulphate of copper; and green vitriol, or copperas, sulphate of iron. F. vitriol: L. vitrum, glass. VITUPERATE, v. To blame, or censure. L. vitupero, to blame. VIVACIOUS, adj. Long-lived; lively; gay. L. vivack, gen. ofvivax;- from vivo, to live. VIV— VOL VIVACITY. s. Liveliness ; gayety ; sprightliness. F. vivacity .- L. woo- ds, gen ofvivax, lively: vivo, to live. VIVA VOCE. By oral declaration or testimony, as opposed to writ- ten. L. viva, by a living-, voce, voice : abl. of vivus, and vox. VIVID, adj. Lively ; striking ; sprightly ; active. L. vividus ,■ vivo, to live. VIVIFY, v. To endue with life. F. vivifier ? L. vivijico ,• vivus, alive, and facio, to make. VIVIPAROUS, adj. Bringing forth the young alive : opposed to ovi- parous. L. vivus, alive, axidpario, to bring forth. VIZ. See VIDELICET. VIZOR. See VISOR. VOCABULARY, s. A sort of dictionary ; a glossary, or explanation of obscure terms ; a stock of words. L. vocabularium ,- vocabulum, a name: vow, to call, VOCAL, adj. Uttered by the voice; intended for the voice. L. vocalis; vocis, gen. of vox, the voice. VOCATION. 5. A calling; the employment to which anyone is called by the will of God. L. vocatio ; vocatus, p. part, of voco, to call. VOCATrYE. adj. Relating to the grammatical case used in calling or speaking to. L. vocativus ; from voco, to call. VOICE, s. Sound emitted by the mouth ; vote; suffrage. F.voix.- L. vox ,• from vocatus, p. part, of voco, to call. VOID. adj. Empty ; vacant ; vacated ; null ; ineffectual. F. vuide 9 L. vidwis, bereft, deprived. VOIR DIRE. A preliminary oath, administered to a witness, (veri- tatem dicere ,- ) to make true answers to such questions as the court shall demand of him, to ascertain his competency, age, &c, previous to his being sworn in chief, to testify as to the merits of the ques- tion. Voire seems to be a Norman corruption of the L. verus, true ; dire, is from the L. dicere, to say. VOLANT, adj. Flying ; passing through the air ; nimble. F. volant? L. volans, part, of volo, (volar e,) to fly. VOLATILE, adj. Having the power to pass off by spontaneous evap- oration ; overhvely ; fickle; of changeable mind. L. volatilis; volo, (volare,) to fly. VOLCANO, s. A burning mountain. Italian, from the heathen deity, Vulcan, who is poetically related to have had' his forge in Mount JEtna, where his workmen, the Cyclops, made thunderbolts. VOLITION, s. Will ; the act of willing ; the power of willing exerted. L. volitio ; volo, (velle,) to will, or be willing. VOLLEY, s. A flight of shot ; a discharge of many guns at once ; an emission of many at once. F. volee : L. volo, (volare,) to fly. VOLTIGEUR. s. One of a kind of troops, intended for rapid move- ments. F. from the L. volito, (freq. of volo,) to fly about. VOLUBILITY, s. Act or power of rolling ; activity or fluency (ap- plied to the tongue, or speech.) L. voluhilitas. See VOLUBLE. VOLUBLE, adj. Formed so as to roll easily, or be easily put in mo- tion ; rolling ; moving quickly ; active or fluent, ^applied to the tongue, or speech.) L. volubilis; volutus, p. part. oivolvo s to roll, Y VOL— VUL VOLUME, s. Something rolled, or convolved ; a book ; so called, be- cause books were anciently rolled on a staff"; circumference. L. volumen ,- volvo, to roll. VOLUMINOUS, adj. Consisting of many volumes ; extensive ; copi- ous. See VOLUME. VOLUNTARY, adj. Acting by one's own will, not by compulsion, or entreaty; willing; spontaneous. L. voluntarius ; volo, (velle,) to be willing. VOLUNTEER, s. One who enters upon any service of his own accord. F. vohntaire. See VOLUNTARY. VOLUPTUOUS, adj. Freely indulging one's desires ; given to excess of pleasure ; luxurious. L. voluptuosus ,- voluptas, pleasure : volo, to wish. VOLUTE, s. That part of the capital of a column which is supposed to represent the bark of trees twisted into spiral lines, or, according to others, the long twisted hail* of a female. F.' volute: L. volutus, p. part, of volvo, to roll. VOMIT, v. To throw up from the stomach ; to emit, as a volcano. L. vomito, frequentative ofvomo, to spew, or cast up. VORACIOUS, adj. Greedy to eat; ravenous; rapacious. L. vorax, (gen. voracis .•) from voro, to devour. VORTEX, s. A whirlwind, or whirlpool ; pi. vortexes. In the Carte- sian philosophy, a system or collection of particles of matter, moving the same way, and round the same axis ; pi. vortices. L. vortex ,• from verto, to turn. VOTARY, s. One devoted, as by a vow, to any particular service, worship, study, or state of life. See VOTE. VOTE. s. Suffrage ; wish expressed in favour of any person or thing. L. votum ; votus, p. part, of voveo, to vow, or wish for. VOTIVE, adj. Given by vow. L. votivus. See VOTE. VOUCH, v. To vouch, in law, signifies to call upon a person to defend a title to lands, which he is supposed to have wan-anted: it also sig- nifies to bear witness, to warrant, &c. L. voco, to call. VOW. v, To consecrate, by a solemn dedication; to promise with so- lemnity. F. vouer .- L. voveo, to pray, or wish for. VOWEL. 5. A letter which can be fully sounded by itself. F. voyelle : L. vocalis ; from vocis, gen. of vox, a voice, or sound. VOX POPULL The voice of the people. L. VOYAGE, s. A journey of discovery ; but, in general, a long passage by sea: it is also used to express the ascension and passage of an jeronaut. F. from voir, to see. VULGAR, adj. Plebeian ; suiting or practised amongst the common people; (in relation to a language,) national: — also, mean; un- fashionable. L. vulgaris ; vulgus, the common people. VULNERABLE, adj. Susceptible of wounds ; liable to external inju- ries ; not impregnable. L. vulnerabilis ; vulnera, pi. of vulnus, a wound. VULNERARY, adj. Relating or belonging to wounds. L,.vuhierarius; vulneris, gen. of vulnus, a wound. VULPINE, adj. Belonging to a fox. L. vulpinus; vulpes } a fox. WAR— ZOO w. WARD. v. To guard; to protect; to fence off. s. guard; act of guard- ing ; district in a town ; custody ; that part of a lock, which, cor- responding- to the proper key, hinders, or guards it from being opened by another ; one in the hands of a guardian, &c. F. garder, to guard. WARRANT, v. To support or maintain ; to attest ; to authorize ; to justify ; to secure. F. garantir, to indemnify, or defend. See GUARANTEE. WARRANT, s. A writ conferring some right or authority ; a secure, inviolable grant; a justificatory commission; evidence. See the verb. WARREN, s. A kind of park for rabbits. F. garenne. See WARD. WASTE, v. To destroy ; to diminish ; to consume, &c. L. vasto, to destroy, or ravage. WIDOW, s. A woman whose husband is dead. L. vidua; from viduus, bereft. Z. ZEAL. s. Passionate ardour. L. zelus .• G. zehs ,- from zeo, to be hot. ZEALOT, s. One passionately ardent in any cause: — generally used in dispraise. G. zelotes. See ZEAL. ZEALOUS, adj. Passionately ardent in any cause. See ZEAL. ZEPHYR, s. The west wind ; any calm, pleasing wind. L. zephyrus : G. zephuros ,- zoe, life, and phero, to bring. ZERO. s. A term used to signify 0. In thermometers, the or zero of Reaumur indicates the freezing point ; but in the instruments made according to Fahrenheit, the zero is 32 degrees below it. This word is not in any English dictionary ; but, in the French, is explained as a cypher or nought. G. xeros, {vacuus,) void, vacant. ZEUGMA, s. A figure in grammar, by which a verb, agreeing with several nouns, or an adjective with several substantives, is referred to one expressly, and understood before the rest: as, "lust over- came shame, — boldness, fear, — and madness, reason." G. zeugma, a joining. ZODIAC, s. The track of the sun through the twelve signs, (the ram, bull, &c. ;) a great circle of the sphere, representing the twelve signs. L. zodlacus : G. zodiakos ,- zodioa, (pi. of zodion,) living creatures: zoo, to live. ZONE. 8. A girdle ; a division of the earth, marked by an imaginaiy girdle or circle. G. zone ,- zonnuo, to gird. ZO'OGONIA. s. The production of living creatures : pronounced zo-ogonia. G. zoos, living, and gone, an offspring. ZO'OGRAPHY. s. A written description of animals : pronounced zo-ography. G. zoos, living, and grapho, to write. ZO'OLOGY. s. That part of natural history which relates to animals: pronounced zo-ology. G. zoos, living, and logos, a word, or descrip- tion. zoo— zoo ZO'OPHYTE. s. A natural production, which partakes of the nature of both a vegetable and animal: pronounced zo-ophyte. G. zoos, living 1 , and phuton, a plant. ZO'OTOMY.s. Dissection of the bodies of animals: pronounced z» rtlomy. G. zoos, living-, and temno, to cut. THE END. Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: Oct. 2006 PreservationTechnologies A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 111 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724)779-2111