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THE 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST'S 
 TROPHY 
 
 of 
 
 Niagara 
 
 By 
 
 CELWYN E. HAMPTON 
 
 Captain and Commissary Twenty-first Infantry 
 UNITED STATES ARMY 
 

 A^ 
 
 Viz 
 
 COPYRIGHTt'D 1909 
 CELWYN E. HAMPTON 
 
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 ciB. ft, i; i 3 ;; u i 
 
 )UL U 1909 
 
THE SOUL OF OUR SAMURAI 
 
 The swords that once in battle rang, 
 And smote their way to glory, 
 Now hang, in silence, on our walls, 
 Scarce known to song or story. 
 
 The patriot hands that wielded them 
 Have long to clay been turning. 
 But on our hearths their sturdy strength 
 Built fires that yet are burning. 
 
 The flag that once our columns led 
 Is now but rags and tatters. 
 And, one by one, its silken threads, 
 In formless dust it scatters. 
 
 The men that bore it, long ago, 
 Beneath the sod are sleeping. 
 But yet they live, in us again; 
 Our lives are in their keeping. 
 
 Oh! guard ye well what they have won. 
 Their prizes, nobly given; 
 Their knightly souls still bid us on, 
 To strive as they have striven. 
 
COAT OF ARMS 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY 
 
 Quarterly — l. Argent, on a cross gules, a lion passant Guardant or. 
 
 2. Gules, a saltire az., bordered ar., charged with 13 stars of the last. 
 
 3. Quarterly — i. and 4. Gules, a castle of Castile or. 2. and 3. Azure, 
 
 three stars or., withui an equilateral triangle argent. 
 
 4. Argent, a quiver gules, charged with ornaments or., fringed sable, con- 
 
 taining four arrows of the last. 
 Over all an oval inescutcheon in pretence, Gules, a cannon or. 
 Crest. A star voided of twenty-one points enclosing the figures 21 and the letters U. S. 
 
 all or. 
 Motto: "I'll try. sir." 
 
Historical Description of the Coat of Arms 
 of the Twenty-first Infantry 
 
 This Coat of Arms was designed and drawn by the author during the winter 
 of 1906-1907, and was adopted by the officers of the regiment in May, 1907. 
 
 Its purpose is to indicate the history of the regiment and its name. 
 
 The escutcheon is divided quarterly, each quarter bearing charges that 
 represent one or more wars in which the Twenty-first Infantry has been en- 
 gaged. 
 
 The first quarter, indicative of the War of 1812, is of a silver field, bearing 
 a rectangular red cross upon which is charged, in gold, a lion of the royal Eng- 
 lish form. Without the lion this quarter is a reproduction of the British man- 
 of-war's flag with the canton omitted. 
 
 The second quarter, indicative of the Civil War of 1 861-1865, is of a red 
 field, bearing a silver cross of the Greek form. On this is charged a blue cross 
 of the same form, and on the latter are charged thirteen silver stars. The 
 whole is a reproduction of the battle flag of the Confederacy. 
 
 The third quarter is divided quarterly. The first and fourth, of a red field, 
 are charged with the castle of Castile, from the Spanish Coat of Arms, and 
 indicate the Spanish-American War. The second and third, of a blue field, 
 are charged with an equilateral triangle of silver, inclosing, in its angles, three 
 stars of gold. These are the Katipunan symbols and indicate the Philippine 
 Insurrection. 
 
 The fourth quarter, of a silver field, is charged with a red quiver containing 
 four arrows of black and fringed with hair of the same. The quiver is also 
 charged with a sun and minor designs of gold. The whole indicates the Indian 
 campaigns in which the regiment bore a part. These were against the Apaches, 
 in Arizona, in 1869-70; the Modocs, in Oregon and California, in 1873; the Nez 
 Perces, in Idaho, in 1877; and the Bannocks and Pi Utes, in Oregon, in 1878. 
 
 An oval inescutcheon, centrally located, is borne as an augmentation of 
 honor, being of a red field charged with a gold cannon. 
 
 Motto, in gold on a blue scroll beneath the escutcheon, "I'll try, sir." This 
 as well as the augmentation above described, is derived from the incidents of 
 the battle of Niagara, July 25th, 18 14. Colonel James Miller, then in com- 
 mand of the Twenty-first Infantry, being ordered to capture a British battery 
 located in a commanding position, replied in the words we have used as our 
 motto. The regiment charged and captured the battery, and held it against 
 repeated, desperate attempts at recapture, although almost destroyed in so 
 doing. 
 
 The crest is a twenty-one pointed star whose center is voided and encloses 
 the number 21 and the letters U. S., all in gold. 
 
 The supporters are two rifles, of gold, crossed behind the shield. The 
 crest and supporters show the name of the regiment. 
 
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THE BATTLE OF NIAGARA 
 
 The combat to which our popular historical works of the present day refer 
 as that of Lundy's Lane is known in official English records as the Battle of 
 Niagara. It was by that name that reference was made to it in our own earlier 
 accounts and it seems regretable that the custom did not continue. It is only 
 by a freak of nomenclature that it has come to bear the name of one of the most 
 unimportant, instead of that of the most significant of the topographical fea- 
 tures in the vicinity of which it was fought. Lossing, in his Field Book of the 
 War of 1812, discusses this subject as follows: 
 
 The battle was fought wnthin sight and hearing of the great Falls of Niagara, 
 and should bear that dignified name. It was so in one of the first published 
 accounts of it. "The Battle of Niagara," said the Albany Argus, at the begin- 
 ning of August, "commands, like the achievements of our naval heroes, the 
 admiration of all classes of the American people, a few excepted." The hottest 
 of the contest having occurred in the struggle for the batter}' in Lundys Lane 
 caused the battle to be called after the name of that road. About a mile above 
 the field of battle, on the banks of the Niagara, were mills called The Bridge- 
 water Mills. A person attached to the American Army, but not in the battle, 
 wrote while it was in progress to some friend in the interior of New York, say- 
 ing that a great battle was then raging near the Bridgewater Mills. This letter 
 was published extensively, and the conflict was called the Battle of Bridgewater. 
 It was so announced in Niles' Register. August 13, 1814. 
 
 In some measure, however, the Twenty-first should have a sense of satis- 
 faction in the name "Lundy's Lane," for it was that very "hottest of the con- 
 test," the struggle for the battery, that the regiment fought and w^on. 
 
 At sunset, in the evening of July 25th, 18 14, General Winfield Scott's brigade, 
 advancing down the Niagara River, on the Canadian side, found itself confronted 
 by the British Army draw^n up on rising ground a short distance below the Falls. 
 Although greatly outnumbered and overmatched in artillery, Scott unhesi- 
 tatingly engaged the enemy and sent word to General Brown, at Chippewa, 
 of the perilous situation. The latter ordered General Ripley forward and 
 hastened to the battlefield. At nine o'clock, P. M., Ripley's brigade, consisting 
 of the Twenty-first and Twenty-third Infantry regiments, with a detachment 
 of the First, arrived upon the scene. Scott's troops were exhausted and scat- 
 tered by the continuous fighting, and Ripley's were at once pushed for\vard to 
 form a new line. 
 
 A British battery of seven guns posted on a hill in the center of their line, 
 near a road called Lundy's Lane, was seen to be the key of their position. 
 Turning to Colonel James Miller, who commanded the Twenty-first Infantry, 
 General Brown said. "Colonel, take your regiment, storm that work and take 
 it." Colonel Miller's prompt reply, "I'll try, sir," is one of the few sentient 
 speeches of the battlefield that our history has delighted to transmit from gen- 
 eration to generation. 
 
In the dim moonlight the Twenty-first climbed the hill until it reached a 
 rail fence near the battery. Resting their muskets on this fence, our men 
 poured in a volley that killed or wounded every one of the gunners, rushed into 
 the battery and took possession of the guns. A British line, lying in support, 
 fired with deadly effect and then charged, with intent to retake them with the 
 bayonet, but were driven back. Three times they made desperate efforts to 
 recapture the battery, but the Twenty-first doggedly held its ground. The 
 combatants were so close that the fire from their muskets crossed, and it is said 
 that the buttons on the enemies' uniforms could plainly be distinguished by its 
 li<Tht. The Twenty-first suffered fearful losses and must inevitably have been 
 expelled from its hard won position had not Ripley, with the First and Twenty- 
 third, come to its aid. The enemy, having also been heavily re-enforced, made 
 three more unsuccessful assaults and then retired from the field. 
 
 General Brown complimented the regiment and its commander in the highest 
 terms and presented to it one of the captured guns, a beautiful bronze six- 
 pounder, "in testimony of its distinguished gallantry." In addressing Colonel 
 Miller he said, "You have immortalized yourself;" and passing years have 
 proved his prophecy correct. 
 
 In this desperate struggle the Twenty-first lost one hundred and twenty-six 
 killed and wounded, or forty-five per cent, of its entire strength, the regiment 
 having entered with less than three hundred men. 
 
 The battle was won against odds of almost two to one, and from a foe that 
 numbered in his ranks many of Wellington's veterans, trained on the battle- 
 fields of the Spanish Peninsula. As an example of calculating courage, of tenac- 
 ious persistence and of headlong bravery, our history contains none more 
 brilliant, nor is it likely to show, in the future, one more glorious. Time cannot 
 dim the luster of such deeds. 
 
 Our army retired, that night, to Chippewa, and, being without horses, was 
 unable to remove the captured battery. Six of the guns returned to the hands 
 of their original owners when the British troops reoccupied the ground next 
 morning. The seventh was carried away by the Twenty-first and kept by the 
 regiment, through all its vicissitudes, until the peace reorganization in the sum- 
 mer of 1815. 
 
 This gun finally disappeared from view and, so far as was knov^n to any of 
 us, was lost. The following correspondence shows in what manner is was again 
 discovered and its identity proved: 
 
Washington, June nth, 1908. 
 fo the Chief of Ordnance. U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Sir: — I have the honor to request that the following matter be considered 
 by your office and any information available on the subject be furnished me for 
 the purpose of compiling some historical facts regarding the Twenty-first U. S. 
 Infantr)- during the War of 1812. 
 
 At the battle of Lundy's Lane, on the night of July 25-26, 18 14, the Twenty- 
 first Infantr)', under Colonel Miller, assaulted and captured a British battery 
 of seven guns on a hill, and held them through the night against repeated British 
 assaults. This action is one of the most celebrated in American history. WTien 
 the American army withdrew, however, the guns, excepting one small, brass 
 six-pounder, were left behind and again fell into the hands of the British. 
 
 Colonel Aliiler, in a letter written from Fort Erie, on July 28, 18 14, states: 
 
 "After Generals Brown, Scott and others were wounded we were ordered 
 to return back to our camp, about three miles, and preparations had not been 
 made for the taking of the cannon. It was impossible for me to defend it and 
 make preparations for that too, and it was all left upon the ground except one 
 beautiful brass six-pounder which was made a present to my regiment in testi- 
 mony of their distinguished gallantry." 
 
 The Twenty-first, with the remainder of Bro%\Ti's army, retired to Chippewa 
 and from there to Ft. Erie, where they later engaged in its defense against a 
 British assault, and in a sortie against the British works. I believe they went 
 to Buffalo about October 24, 18 14, and, so far as I knov/, remained there until 
 they were combined with three or four other regiments, in the summer of 18 15, 
 to form the Fifth Infantry. 
 
 If this gun of which Colonel Miller speaks can be traced. I should like greatly 
 to be informed of its present whereabouts. 
 
 Any communication on the subject should be addressed to me at Fort 
 Logan, Colorado. Very respectfully, 
 
 Celwyn E. Hampton, 
 Capt. is' Commissary, Twenty-first Infantry. 
 
 33920-56 1st Endorsement. . ' 
 
 Office of the Chief of Ordnance, 
 Washington, June 12, 1908. 
 
 Respectfully transmitted to the Commanding Officers of the following named 
 arsenals in the order named, for report: Augusta, San Antonio, Benicia, Rock 
 Island, Frankford, New York, Watertovm and Watervliet. 
 By order of the Chief of Ordnance: 
 
 Jno. T. Thompson, 
 Major, Ord. Dept., U. S. Army. 
 
33920-56 2d Endorsement. 65-I25 
 
 Augusta Arsenal, June 16, 1908. 
 
 Respectfully returned to the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. A., Washington, D. 
 C, through the Commanding Officer, San Antonio Arsenal, San Antonio, 
 Texas, with the information that there are no bronze 6-pdr. guns at this arsenal 
 of British manufacture, or answering to the description given within. 
 
 D. A. Lyle, 
 Colonfl, OrJ. Dept., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
 33920-56 3d Endorsement. 10-71 
 
 San Antonio Arsenal, lexas, June 21st, 1908. 
 
 1. Respectfully returned to the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army, Washing- 
 ton, D. C. 
 
 2. Among the trophies at this arst-nal is one which answers to the descrip- 
 tion given within, as follows: I small bronze 6-pdr. S. B. gun, English, caliber 
 3' .67. Marks, on swell of muzzle — rose, shamrock and thistle combined. 
 Between the trunnions, crown and motto "honi soit qui mal y pcnse," with 
 large letter M within circle. First winfurce, crown with maltcsc cross attached, 
 and under same "GR," with figure 2 connected with body of G. On base ring, 
 "W. B. O. 1756." On right trunnion, "O. N. J. 5" On base of breech. 
 
 "2-3-8." 
 
 This gun is spiked, and at some time has been painted or lacquered, but 
 this has been partiallv scraped oft. 
 
 The retained propert)' returns of this arsenal show as taken up December 
 31, 1873, with other trophies not before accounted for, l 6 pdr. gun, English. 
 
 3" -67. 
 
 The presumption is that this gun is tlic same as that referred to within, and 
 
 that it was at some time left at some post in this department, and was, on the 
 
 abandonment of that post, turned in to this arsenal. Sketch enclosed made 
 
 cnc\. I. Charles H. Clark, 
 
 Lt.-Col. OrJ. Drpt., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
 33920-56 4th Endorsement. jjc — Icf 
 
 Office of the Chief or Ordnance. 
 Washington. June 29, 1908. 
 
 1. Respectfully returned to Capt. CelwvTi E. Hampton. Twenty-first In- 
 fantry, U. S. A.. Ft. Logan, Colorado, inviting attention to preceding endorse- 
 ments. 
 
 2. The sketch may be retained, but it is requested that this paper hi. 
 returned for the files of this office. 
 
 By order of the Chief of Ordnance: Jno. T. Thompson, 
 
 Major, Ord. Dept., U. S. Army. 
 
ii^20~^b 5ih Endorsement. 
 
 Fort Lo^an, Colorado, July 4th, 1908. 
 Respectfully returned to the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army. 
 From the information given in the third endorsement the inference is Strong 
 that this is the pun in question. Ilowtvcr, as its identity still remains doubtful, 
 I have the honor to request that this paper be sent to the other arsenals named 
 in the first endorsement, to ascenain if any other similar guns are there stored 
 and, if s«^). what inscriptions thev luar and what is known of their histor\'. In 
 this manner it is hoped to positively identify the gun. 
 
 Celwvn E. Ha.mpton, 
 Captain tsf Commissary, Tuenty-frst Infantry. 
 
 33920-56 6th Endorsement. [. (. C. — L. c. f. 
 
 Office of the Chief of Ordnance. 
 
 Washington, July 9. 1908. 
 
 I. Respectfully transmitted to the Commanding Officers of the Benicia, 
 
 Rock Island, Frankford, New York, Watcnown and Watervliet Arsenals, in 
 
 tlic order named, for report. 
 
 By order of the Chief ot Ordnance: Jno. T. Thompson, 
 
 Major, Ord. Dfpt., U. S. Army. 
 
 ff 
 
 33920 5^* 7th Endorsement. 3~399 B- — AS. 
 
 Benicia Arsenal, Cal., July 16, 1908. 
 
 1. Respectfully returned to the Chief or Ordnance, V. S. .\rmy. through 
 the Commanding Officer, Rock Island Arsenal. 
 
 2. I here arc no br«)n7C (>-pounder guns here, of Eniilish manufacture, an- 
 twering within description. ]. \\. Bknet. 
 
 Ij.-CoL, Ord. Dfpt., U. S. A ., Commanding. 
 
 33020 56 8th Endorsement. 65-146 Br. — I. 
 
 Rock Island .\rsenal. III., July 27, I908. 
 I. Respectfully returned to the Chief or Ordnance, U. S. A., through the 
 Commantling f)fficer. Fiankfonl Arsenal, with the^formation that there are, 
 at this arsenal, no f>-pounder bronze puns of English manufacture, th.Tr will 
 answer to the description. F. E. Hobbs, 
 
 Lt.'CoI., Ord. Dfpt., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
 3392a 56 9th Endorsement. W. 4-12 
 
 Frankford Arsenal. Pa., July 30, 1908, 
 
 1. Respectfully returned to the Chief of Ordnance. U. S. A., through the 
 Commanding Officer. New \'ork Arsenal. 
 
 2. One bronze gun. 6-pounder. is on hand at this Arsenal, marked as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 No. 61. On left trunnion is the mark P 256; on the right trunnion is the 
 mark No. 67. It is about 2 inches bore. No other marks of any kind are on 
 the gun. Frank Heath. 
 
 E. R. Colonflf Ord. Dfpt., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
W. R. S.— Mil. 
 33920-56 loth Endorsement. 8939-94 
 
 New York Arsenal, N. Y., August 3, 1908. 
 
 I. Respectfully foi-warded to the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. A., through 
 the Commanding Officer, Watertown Arsenal, with report that there are no 
 6-pounder bronze guns at this Arsenal answering description. 
 
 O. B. MiTCHAM, 
 Lieut.-CoL, Ord. Dept., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
 S-Co. 
 33920-56 nth Endorsement. 128-438 
 
 Watertown Arsenal, Mass., August 10, 1908. 
 
 Respectfully returned to the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. A., through the Com- 
 manding Officer, Watervliet Arsenal, with the information that there are no 
 bronze 6-pounder guns at this Arsenal, of British manufacture, or answering 
 the description given within. 
 
 J. C. NiCHOLLS, 
 Capt., Ord. Dept., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
 33920-56 1 2th Endorsement. 23-23 
 
 Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y., August 13, 1908. 
 
 1. Respectfully returned to the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. A., Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 2. The gun referred to within is now at this Arsenal and has been reserved 
 for the War College. 
 
 3. The following is the official description, as taken from the records of 
 this Arsenal: 
 
 Field Gun, bronze, English, Cal. 3I". 
 
 Marks: On breech: "Taken at the battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814; i° 
 £ff Hy, King 1797;" English Arms. "Honi soit qui mal y pense. G. R." 
 On right trunnion: No. 492. Face of breech: 6-0-2. Length: 65". Location: 
 South side of office walk. W. A. tag marks: 18-6 pdr. English W. C. His- 
 tory: Taken at the Battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814; 1° ^ Hy. King 1797; 
 English Arms. Reserved for War College. Under breech; U5 481. On 
 chase: English Arms CCCCLXXXIV. 
 
 This is thought to be the gun referred to within. 
 
 W. W. Gibson, 
 Lieut.-CoL, Ord. Dept., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 
33920-5^ 13th Endorsement. |. J. C— L. c. f. 
 
 Office of the Chief of Ordnance, 
 
 Washington, Aug. 18, 1908. 
 
 1. Respectfully returned to Capt. Celwyn E. Hampton, Twenty-first In- 
 fantry, U. S. A., Fort Logan, Colorado, inviting attention to preceding en- 
 dorsements hereon. 
 
 2. The return of this paper to this office is desired. 
 
 Jno. T. Thompson, 
 Major, Ord. Dept., U. S. Army, Acting Chief of Ordnajice. 
 
 Headquarters Twenty-first Infantry, 
 
 Camp Emmet Crawford, Wyoming, 
 
 August 28th, 1908. 
 
 Commanding Officer, WatervUet Arsenal, 
 
 Watervliet, Neiu Tork. 
 
 Sir: — In an endorsement dated August 13th, 1908, on a letter written by 
 me to the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army, requesting information regarding 
 a gun captured by the Twenty-first Infantry, at the battle of Lundy's Lane, 
 July 25-26, 1814, you gave a description of a British 6-pounder now at Watervliet 
 Arsenal. The inscription on the gun, together with the known historical facts, 
 makes it certain that this is the one for which I am seekine. 
 
 I am very desirous of obtaining a photograph of this gun of sufficient size 
 and clearness to show the marks on it and, if possible, the inscription. If you 
 will have this done and send the photograph to me at Fort Logan, Colorado, 
 I will pay all the necessary expenses and will consider your interest in the 
 matter a great favor to myself and the Twenty-first Infantry. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Celwyn E. Hampton, 
 
 Captain &' Commissary, Twenty-first Infantry, 
 
 Regimental Historian. 
 
 1st Endorsement. 23-24 B — p. 
 
 Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y., September 5, 1908. 
 
 I. Respectfully returned to Captain C. E. Hampton, Twenty-first In- 
 fantry, through Commanding Officer, Fort Logan, Colorado. The photo- 
 graphs have been made and will be forwarded under separate cover. No 
 expense involved. W. W. Gibson, 
 
 Lt.-CoL, Ord. Dept., U. S. A., Commanding. 
 2 ends, separately. 
 
 2d Endorsement. 
 Ft. Logan, Colo., 9-1 1-08. 
 To Capt. C. E. Hampton, Twenty-first Infantry. 
 
THE TWENTY-FIRST'S TROPH\' OF NIAGARA 
 
The Origin of "Cadet Gray" 
 
 The day before the Battle of Chippewa, July 4th, 1814, there was constant 
 contact between the opposing armies. Ours had just begun the campaign, was 
 acting with great aggressiveness, and steadily drove its opponents before it. 
 The Marquis of Tweeddale observed that the American troops were uniformed 
 in gray, instead of the customary blue, and supposed that they were militia. 
 He was surprised, therefore, at their activity and steadiness under fire, as this 
 was something entirely foreign to his experience with that branch of our armed 
 forces. 
 
 The following is quoted from Lossing's Field Book of the War of 1812: 
 
 "Believing Scott's troops to be only Buffalo Militia, the Marquis could 
 account for their bravery by the fact of its being the anniversary of American 
 Independence, which gave them patriotic inspiration and courage. He was un- 
 deceived on the following day. 
 
 "General Scott explained to the writer the cause of the marquis' mistake. 
 While at Buffalo Scott wrote to the quartermaster for a supply of new clothing 
 for his regulars. Word soon came back that blue cloth, such as was used in 
 the army, could not be obtained, owing to the stringency of the blockade and 
 the embargo, and the lack of manufacturers in the country, but that there was a 
 sufficient quantity of gray cloth (now known as 'Cadet's Gray') in Philadelphia. 
 Scott ordered it to be made up for his soldiers, and in these new gray suits 
 they marched down the Niagara on Canada soil. Believing them to be only 
 militia, Riall regarded them with contempt when preparing for battle on the 5th. 
 Because of the victory, won chiefly by them, at Chippewa on the 5th, and in 
 honor of Scott and his troops, that style of cloth was adopted at the Military 
 Academy at West Point, as the uniform of the cadets." 
 
 The cadet full dress uniform is still nearly the same as that worn in 1814. 
 
OBVERSE OF GOLD MEDAL PRESENTED HY CONGRESS 
 TO GENERAL MILLER 
 
Biography of General Miller 
 
 James Miller was born at Peterborough, New Hampshire, on the 25th of 
 April, 1776, He was educated for the bar but entered the United States Army 
 in 1808, being commissioned Major of the Fourth Infantry on July 8th of that 
 year. On November 30th, 18 10, he was promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel 
 of the Fifth Infantry, but remained on duty with the Fourth, with which he 
 performed gallant services under General Harrison in the campaign against 
 the Indians that ended with the Battle of Tippecanoe. 
 
 In the spring of 1812 he led the Fourth to Dayton, Ohio, where he joined 
 about 1,200 militia, and the whole force, under Brigadier General William 
 Hull, started for Detroit. Upon their arrival there, early in July, they crossed 
 into Canada where they were successful in some small actions, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Miller being breveted Colonel for distinguished service at Brownstown on 
 August 9th. However, General Hull withdrew to Detroit upon the approach 
 of a British force under General Brock, and surrendered the place and his 
 army on August l6th, 1812. 
 
 The prisoners were removed to Montreal, but Lieut-.Colonel Miller was 
 exchanged in time to join in the second invasion of Canada, in the spring of 
 1813. He had been transferred, on September 14th, 1812, to the Sixth In- 
 fantry, and led that regiment at the capture of York (now Toronto) on April 
 27th, 1813, and at the capture of Fort George on May 27th, of the same year. 
 In the fall he accompanied General Wilkinson in his fruitless campaign on the 
 St. Lawrence River. 
 
 On March 9th, 1814, he was promoted to be Colonel of the Twenty-first 
 Infantry and led his new regiment, which was a part of Ripley's brigade of 
 Brown's army, in the third invasion of Canada, which took its departure from 
 Buffalo on July 2d. He rendered valuable service at the Battle of Chippewa, 
 on July 5th, and, with his regiment, fought most gallantly at the Battle of Nia- 
 gara, on the 25th, and during the siege of Fort Erie by the British, in August 
 and September. 
 
 He was breveted Brigadier General for distinguished service at the Battle 
 of Niagara, July 25th, 1814, and received, by resolution of Congress passed 
 November 3d, 1814, a gold medal "in testimony of the high sense entertained 
 by Congress of his gallantry and good conduct in the several conflicts of Chip- 
 pewa, Niagara, and Fort Erie, Upper Canada." 
 
In consequence of the reorganization and reduction of the army at the close 
 of the War of 1812, General Miller was transferred to the Fifth Infantry, as 
 its Colonel, on May 17th, 1815. He resigned his commission on June 1st, 
 1819, and was appointed by the President to be Governor of the territory of 
 Arkansas. This office was held by him until March, 1825, when he was ap- 
 pointed Collector of the Port of Salem, Massachusetts. In the latter position 
 he served continuously and faithfully for twenty-four years, until stricken by 
 paralysis in 1849. He then removed to Temple, New Hampshire, where, on 
 July 4th, 1 85 1, he was visited by a second stroke, from which death ensued on 
 the 7th of that month. 
 
 The obverse of the gold medal presented by Congress is shown on the fore- 
 going page. On the reverse (not shown) is a battle scene upon a slope and 
 eminence similar in appearance to that at Lundy's Lane. Over the scene are 
 the words "Resolution of Congress, Nov. 3, 1814." Below are the words 
 "Battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814; Niagara, July 25, 1814; Erie, Sept. 17, 1814." 
 
I 
 
 VV tl 
 
 Scoti as we may at tradition, it produces effects that are attainable in no other 
 V. It IS right for us to know and take a pride in the accomplishments of 
 those that have gone before us. The hardships endured, the battles fought 
 and the victories won by our regiments and companies in the past, have been 
 ."ndured and fought and won by our forefathers in arms. Let us make them 
 ou'- ^^ic fathers in sentiment as well as in fact. We will rapidly do so if the 
 opportunity be given us. (Silver Medal Essay, "Experiences of Our Army," 
 Journal of the Military Service Institution, May-June, 1905.) 
 
 In this belated, and therefore hast)^ action, the creation of the resulting 
 regiments, of which the Twenty-first was one, may be likened to the birth of the 
 mythical Pallas Athene. Beset by the difficulties of being compelled, without 
 a military arm, to cope with a powerful enemy. Congress smote its forehead 
 and there sprang forth these regiments of regular troops, by whose exertions, 
 combined with those of our navy, the war was brought to a successful conclu- 
 sion, although waged under most disheartening conditions, with the result often 
 in grave doubt. 
 
 Also, it may be truthfully said of the Twenty-first that it sprang forth mature 
 and fully armed, for its first years form its golden age. May our posterity be 
 enabled to recall our memories and our deeds with the pride with which we 
 recall those of the men who fought at Chrystler's Field, at Erie and at Lundy's 
 Lane. (History of the Twenty-first Infantry.) 
 
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