^.<1<^ VXV ,X'. "^-^ V^' "^y- v^ ^^ -^^^^ ,.V ^^" "^^ n^ V" .V ^ ,c^' '^^^" ■x^'^ . '<■' "^■^■^' */ %<^^'' c? ^^ x^-^ ..nX^' O ■■^" ^^ V^^' ^^" ''e ^^^^ '^^ N^,"^-' ■'^<<<' ■' V ^'^ \. , .^^' .^^ -^t. # <;> .# . "^^ V^ o^' x^^ ''-^ ct-. cP\' '-' ' / ■, 4 ^ %^^'^' >:^'^ .0 0^ ^ .sition in regard to it was unmistakable. Con- nected as he was, by bii'th as well as by marriage, with the Breckinridges of Kentucky ; knowing, as he did, by constant intercourse with leading Southern men, much more of the policy that underlaid Southern principles than tlie majority of professional writers upon tlie sub- ject, and being well informed, by personal observation, of the true state of the South, both in regard to its strength and its weakness, his opinions were singu- larly valuable, and his statements singularly clear and reliable. But the position that he had taken was as firm as it was temperate. It was the position that became the Chris- tian gentleman and the patriotic soldier. And in this, as in every other act of his life, he lived up to liis profes- sions. In his letter of September 5, 1863, declining the nomination of Secretary of State of Ncav York, we find a full exposition of his views of the political aspects of the question. .Vnd even to those who do not adopt all ')'} liis roiicliisions, tlie aniiiuis wliicli pervades ]iis political faith will he as dear to them as loye of country can inspire. I do not quote this admirabh:^ letter at h^ngth, because I feel sure that it will be embraced, with many other writings from his i^en, in some future volume. But I cannot avoid referring to one of his reasons for declining the nomination, namel}?', his immediate obliga- tions to his regiment, the Eighth New York Artillery. "I h^ft liome," he says, "in command of a regiment composed, mainly, of the sons of friends and neighbors, committed to my care. I can hardly ask for my dis- charge while theirs cannot be granted ; and I have a strong desire, if alive, to carry back those whom the chances of time and war shall permit to be 'present,"' and to 'account' in person for all." With this letter his political career closes. I am not aware that he gave any public expressitDU of his senti- ments afterwards ; and in his military career, he was carefully "reticent" of all political matters. In the summer of 18G2, the noble infantry regiment which Colon(4 Porter had raised performed garrison duty in the defences of Baltimore. But to a young and inexperienced officer the position was trying and ardu- ous. In the lirst place, his command was changed to a regiment of artillery. In a regiment of infantry the numerical force is, in round numl)ers, about one thou- 36 sand men, Avhile in a regiment of heavy artillery, it is from fifteen hundred to two thousand t^YO hundred, men and officers. It is impossible now to ascertain the strength of his command, for the muster-rolls are not open for public insjiection. But from a surmise of the necessary garrison of so important a post as Fort Mc- Henry, to estimate it at two thousand men Avould not be far from the truth. In the second place, his position as commandant of one of the most important fortifications on the Chesapeake, including, as it must have done, the garrison of Federal Hill, assailable by land or by sea — and, I may add, polrds that General Lee would have struck at, had the military genius of the North failed, either at Antietam or Gettysburg — to sucli a commander, so young in military affairs, the position must have been trjdng and arduous. Arduous^ to disci j)line so large a body of men, with such slight experience. Trying, to feel the contingencies that might hang upon his shoulders if he had to assume the defensive against Lee's army, flushed with victory. During these eventful periods of our countiy's his- tory, I had a few rare opportunities of seeing him in Baltimore and in AVashington. He spent ^lart of his time witli me in his brief visits to the capital. He was always inquiring about our personal friends ; about "The Century,'' in particiihir, its members, its course of action. Need I say to 3'ou how dear those conversations Avere 'I Bnt if these were int(M"rnpted by occasional visits of army officers, jnst from the front, tlie conversation toolv a teclmical tnrn. Tlien Colonel Porter was the anxions neophyte of military knowledge. I cannot con- ceive of any person paying a more absorbed attention to eveiy sentence that fell from tlie lips of the prominent actors of the great strife, and particnlarly in details, tlian lie. What he heard then I was satisfied was care- fnlly treasnred in his memory. Let me briefly recall here one little incident of those days. As commandant of the post at Fort McHenry, he was also the custodian of political prisoners. One day, while in Baltimore, I proposed to him to visit a friend who lived a few miles out of the city, and whose collec- tion of pictures was well worth seeing ; but Porter de- clined, and for these reasons : " I do not visit any per- sons in Baltimore," lie said, ''not even my own relatives. I might meet persons one day, socially, as friends, who, on the next, might be marched into the fort as captives. How could I receive as guests, and invite to my prison fare, without feelings of com]:)unction, those who had only a short time before received me with an abundance of hospitality 'i Much as I would like to go, I feel that it is my duty to decline." And so, with a disposi- tion fitted for society ; with an exquisite appreciation of tlie fine arts ; witli a natural longing for something to temper tlie austerity of garrison life, his routine ser- vice was preferred by him, simply because it was Ms duty ! And the fine feelings of the gentleman, as well as of the officer, shine forth very clearly, when, even out of respect for some of the possible ^Drisoners, he says, "How could I invite them to my prison fare, who had, a short time before, received me with an abundance of hospitality?" Knowing, as Ave now do, his feelings in regard to such matters, we can the more fully appre- ciate the meaning of the expression in his letter declining the nomination of Secretary of State. " We hear and talk almost nothing of politics," he says, "in our little world.^^ And that ''''little icoi'UV^ of bastions and parapets, of soldiers and prisoners, bounded, for two years, a life so noble, so wise, so brave, and yet so gentle. We can imagine, however, that there were times when he experienced a respite from the stifling bound- aries of his little Avorld : it might have been, when, in the cool of the evening, he took his accustomed walk to that famous parapet at Fort McHenry where our flag floated during the bombardment of the British fleet in 1814, the sight of Avhicli produced the immortal ode of Francis S. Ke}^ Can we not also imagine that those hues of our Hag, "wliicli suggested tlie line of the poet, " In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream" — may have also suggested to Porter s mind the far off image of Niagara, with its national boAV of i)romise — in full glor}' reflected ! a] id that the thought might have reminded him too of that earlier war, in which his father was so gallant a participant ? I may as well recall here, too, another incident. Col- onel Porter, in the early part of his military training, used to have an old sergeant, a veteran of the regular army, at his left hand, during regimental drill ; and it was his custom to consult this '•^ metix moustacTie'^ upon knotty and technical points concerning battalion tactics. Porter did not scruple to speak of this fact when talking with more exj)erienced officers. But it sometimes hap- pened that the sergeant was wrong. And I remember when a mooted point came up, and the advice was asked of a feAV military proficients, who happened to be together in Washington, that the Coloners judgment proved to be better than the sergeant' s training. And 1 Avell recol- lect the remark of an officer, afterwards, Avho had passed his life in the military service. " If your friend Porter," said he, ''is not afraid to begin Avith a sergeant at his elbow, with Avhat he knows theoretically, and Avitli what 40 he will learn practically, he will become one of the most accomplished officers in the army. But," said he, "there are ver}^ few officers in the volunteer service who would dar(; to face their regiments with a sergeant as a tutor. It shows great firmness of character, and not a little of military shrewdness." Colonel Porter s dpsire to take an active part in the field kept pace with his military acquirements. It neither preceded nor followed them. Coupled with his ardent wish for more active life, was his sense of responsibility to his regiment. He had no thoughtless impulse that would lead him to squander the lives of his men in a fruitless field, but a strong desire to carry back those whom the chances, or time, or war, should permit to be present when the result was attained and the campaign was over. Li^t me now hastily refer to the movements of the Army of the Potomac which brought him into tlu^ held. General Grant, on the fourtli of May, 1864, at four o'clock in the morning, struck tents and moved upon his momentous campaign. The various battles that fol- lowed, until the left wing of the arni}^ attacked the enemy at Spottsylvania Court-House, are sufficiently familiar. But just preceding this time, such had hem the heavy losses sustained in our numerous battles, that the reserve forces in garrison were called out into the field. Burn- 41 side's Corps — the reserve of forty tlioiisand iiieji — liud been already brouglit to th(3 front in the tremendons oontlicts in tlie early part of May, of which tlie l:)attle of the Wilderness was the most trying. Hancock, Warren, Sedgwick, and Meade liad been hammering away with unexampled valor at the enemy's front, without gain- ing a permanent footliold. But the loss of men had been fearful on both sides. At this time there were two regiments of heavy artillery commanding impoi'tant points of defence on the Mar3'land peninsula. One Avas that of Colonel Portei-, at Fort McHenr}^, overlooking the harbor and the city of Baltimore ; the other Avas that of Colonel LeAvis O. Morris, at TenallytoAvn, coA^ering the approaches, on tlie north, to the city of Washington. These tAvo regiments of NeAV York Volunteer Artillery, numbering some two thousand men each, intrusted AAdth most important i:»osi- tions of defence during the war, and noAV actively called into the field, possess, for us, a mournful interest. These regiments — the Seventh and Eighth NeAA" York Artillery — comprised the floAA^er of the A^olunteer serA^ce of our State. Colonel Morris, of the Seveiith, Avas the son of Brevet-Major Lewis N. Morris, United States Army, Avho Avas killed at the storming of the heights of Montere}', in Mexico. Colonel Porter, of the Eighth, Avas not less eminent in heroic linea"e. Both officers entered the 42 campaign togetlier ; both were killed on the same battle- field. At the attack npon the defences of Spottsylvania Court-House, Colonel Porter was particularly distin- guished for gallant conduct. In order to animate and encourage his men, he fearlessl}^ rode out in the face of the hottest fire of the enemy. But the ordinary chances of battle were not the only dangers to which he was exposed. He was picked out. There was a crack of a rifie, a puff of smoke from a tree in close proximity to the gallant Colonel, as he rode to and fro. A few well directed shots from our sharpshooters tumbled a rebel out of the tree, and, upon examination, it was found that he was shot through the head. AYhen brought in, all wounded as he was, and questioned, his Southern bra- vado did not desert him. "I fired," said he, "at Colonel Porter out of that tree three times, and missed him eyery time." The men of Porter's regiment who heard him, would liaye killed him upon the spot Avitli their bayo- nets, but for the interposition of Porter. "Let him alone," said he. "Poor fellow, he has been punished enough. Take him to the rear." ''But how did you know," said one, ''that it Avas Colonel Porter T' "Oh, I knew him well enough," said the rebel. "I was a prisoner under him at Fort McHenrj^" After Hancock's gallant attack upon Spottsylyania, 43 the ariny, by successive marclies, moved over the Nortli Anna, and crossed the Pamunkey, at Ilanovertown. From "AVhite House''' it skirted the defences of Ricli- niond. on the peninsula, and found that the open ground which had been occupied by General McClellan, in the campaign of 1862, was covered by the defences of Rich- mond in 1864. This may explain why it is more difficult to capture that city now than it was two years earlier. B(^twe(^n the Pamunkey and James Rivers, but much nearer to the former, lies a place known as Cold Har- bor. It is no liarhor, for it is quite inland ; a rolling country, not entirely cleared from the primitive forest ; patches of pines and oaks are interspread here and there with Virginia farms, as well cultivated as any in that countiy. Cold Harbor is not a village, nor even a collection of farmers' houses ; it used formerlj^ to be a fiimous place for picnics and excursions from the capital of Virginia, from which it is about twelve miles distant. It has been suggested, that its shady coverts and breezy uplands gave it its original title of "Cool Arbor." But our worthy secretar}'"^^ says that Cold Harbor is a common name for many places along the travelled roads in England, and that it means, simply, " Shelter without fire."" The German origin of the name, "* Mr. AugustiTS R. Macdonougli. 44 ^^ Herherge,'''' means a shelter. In this conntiy there are now many settlements by the English formerly so named. But, in a military point of view, Cold Harbor is a place of no little importance. Its healthy elevation above the swamps of the Chickahominy ; its proximity to Richmond ; to the James River on the south ; the Pamnnkey on the north ; to the Virginia Central Rail- road on the west, and the York and Riclnnond Rail- road on the east, would suggest at once to a commander the necessity of taking possession of it. jMore than tins, it is the centre of five turnpikes, that lead to all these important communications like the spokes of a wheel to its peripher}^ It is a splendid fighting coun- try, twice famous for obstinate and determined battles. Gaines' Mill, about two miles west of it, was held for a while during the " seven days" by General McClellan; . — the rebels keeping possession of Cold Harbor. In General Grant's campaign, two years afterwards, and in the same month, the positions were nearl}^ reversed — the rebels holding Gaines' Mill, while our attack was to capture the intrenchments at Cold Harl)or, wliich would have given us the passage of the Chickahominy. Two of the five roads that radiate from this point are crossed by another, about a mile and a half south — the two radii forming the sides of a triangle, of which the cross-road is the hypothenuse. Within this narrow 4o l^atcli of oartli tlie most deadly struggle -was "waged. Oil the "west road the enemy's rifle-]3its and intrencli- ments covered the approach to Gaines' Mill. Early in the morning of the third of June, orders "were given to advance against the enemy's "works, and capture the point of roads. It is necessar}^ to say, here, that the Seventh and Eighth Ne"w York Heavy Artillery served as infantry in this campaign ; that these large regiments "W^'re brigaded "with "what remained of several infantry regiments, and, "with these skeleton regiments, consti- tuted the effective force of the attacking brigades. Col- onel Porter's regiment -was in General Gibbon's Divi- sion ; Colonel Morris, in General Barlo"w' s ; General Robert O. Tyler, "wlio "was chief of artillerj^ in the Penin- sular campaign, commanded the brigade, of "which Por- ter's regiment formed the most effective part. To sho"w the numerical , superiority of these artillery regiments, let me say that one of them, "with four of infantry, "would make a full brigade ; "while some brigades, com- posed entirely of infantry, required no less than t"w<^lve regiments. The gallant General Tyler "was severeh" "wounded in the action, and Porter would have suc- ceeded him in command on that field, had he lived.'" * General Hancock said that Porter would liave Ijcen promoted for g-allant conduct, liad lie lived. He surely would iiave well won the coveted star of a Brio-adier-r4eneral, and added lustre to it. 46 All tliese commands were in the Second Army Corps of General Hancock. The mere mention of the names of these gallant officers, and of this brave corps, will recall some of the most heroic achieyements of the war. At the opening of the hall. Colonel Morris, of the Seventh New York Artillery, carried the enemy's rifle- pits, captured two hnndred and sixty prisoners and several pieces of artillery ; but not being supported in time was obliged to retreat, leaving his captured guns in their embrasures, but carrying off his prisoners. This was a severe blow to us. Morris had gained the key of the position at the first onset, and he had been obliged to relinquish it. To tins point the rebel forces now con- verged in great numbers, and the fire here was as close and deadly as the opposing masses could be packed together. Against this fire Porter was ordered to ad- vance. In response to it he made a brief address to his officers, who were summon(^d about him, telling them, ''that it was almost certain death, but the duty must be performed." Then dismounting from his horse, he called out to his men, "Follow me, my brave bo3's ! I will hnid 3'ou !" and so, waving his sword, plunged into the ter- rible fire at the head of his command, and charged up to the enemy's lines. So noble and conspicuous an object could not ftiil to draw the fire of the rebel sharp- 47 sliooters, as it had at h^pottsylvaiiia.'- He fell, pierced by a bullet through his ueck. Struggling to his feet, he again waved his sword, to re-encourage his charging lines. Once more he fell, this time, among other fatal wounds, struck througli the heart. But with wonderful vitality, he gathered himself uj) on his hands and knees, and died in that position, within a few hundred feet of the enemy's works. For two days he lay under the tire of those terrible antagonists. We lost upon and in the vicinity of that little patch of earth seven thousand men, in killed and wounded. A newspaper reporter, in describing the conllict, says, '' Six hundred of the Eighth Regiment of New York Artillery lay stretched upon the field of battle.' 'f And * There was something singularly commanding and officer-like in Porter's appearance after he entered the service — a seriousness, a sense of responsi- bility, that impressed itself upon his tine features. His figure was moulded in Nature's best proportions ; his complexion so fair that it would have been almost effeminate, had not his features possessed every mark of masculine energy. His hair was light, his eyes gray ; his face suggested a perfect type of Saxon symmetry. The broad brow, the resolute chin, the delicately curved nostril, rivalled the best specimeus of classic sculpture. It is to be regretted that no cast was taken from his face. This may seem the extravagant language of a too partial friend, to everybody except to those who knew him. f What tlie loss was cannot now be ascertained. An officer on General Tyler's sta ft', Lieutenant Pierre Van Cortlandt, in speaking of the battle of Cold Harbor, said, " I never saw such fighting. One regiment went in eighteen hun- dred strong, and came out with only six hundred. They went right up to the rebel works and commenced pulling out the abatis. The Colonel was killed, the Major wounded." When 1 asked him what regiment it was, he said, '"the Eiglith New York Artillery, Colonel Porter, of Niagara Falls." 48 these men, witli all tlie other men from other regmients on both sides, rebel and Union, were, for the time, ex- posed to a cross-fire from either front. This is one of the terrible lessons of civil war I It belongs also to the cruel history of this war to state, that Porter s own consin, John C. Breckinridge, doubly bound to him b}^ lineage and by marriage, com- manded the rebel forces in this fearful conflict. On the night of the second day, during a rain-storm, five men belonging to his regiment, "the sons of his friends and neighbors," whom he had promised "to account for, if alive," determined to rescue the remains of their beloved commander. Tliey crawled as near to the enemy' s works as they dare go together ; then one, "holding his life in his hands," dragged himself through the mire to the body, ''l3ing within five rods of the enemy's breastworks," tied a rope to the now useless sword-belt, and so, crawling back to the liolloAV where his companions were sheltered, drcAV him within reach of their affectionate hands. Crouching to the earth with their l)ui'den, they carried it a quarter of a mile farther, without drawing the fire of the enemy, and then placing it on a stretcher, bore it three miles through the night to the division hospital. I am happy to be able to record the names of tliese gallant fellows : ^^ergeant Le Roy AVilliams had charge J 49 of the expedition ; the others were Galen S. Ilicks, Jolin Dntf, AValter Harwood, and Samuel Traviss. It would be a grateful task for "The Century'' to remember their gallant conduct by some slight memorial. Be it greater or less, it would not be forgotten by them." The body of Colonel Porter, when examined, was found to be pierced AYith six bullets — two through the neck, one through the heart, one through the abdomen, and one through each thigh. His remains were inclosed in a coarse coffin, made from the rough boards of a Vir- ginia farm-house, by his faithful bod^-servant, John Heany, who had been with him during the coui'se of the war. From Cold Harbor they were taken to Wliite House, Virginia, and there embalmed ; from thence to Baltimore, where they were met by a military escort, and, with the profoundest and most respectful observances, carried to the Episcopal church, in which he used to attend Divine service while on duty in that city. The rude coffin, enveloped in the dear old flag of his * " The Century" has acted upon this suggestion, and appointed a committee to prepare some suitable token, as a memorial of its aft'ection, to be presented to these brave men. But since this action of the Club, a new phase of the enter- prise has come to light. It seems that the faithful body-servant of Colonel Porter, who was authorized to act in such a contingency, offered a reward of one thousand dollars to any who would rescue his remains. These five men accomplished it, but would not accept the reward. '• They would not touch it," said mv informant. This places the action of these braves upon a still more conspicuous pedestal. 60 country, was placed in tlie chancel. The fnneral service was performed amid the most solemn and impressive silence. The Ibod}^, after remaining all night in the chan- cel, was re-escorted to the cars on the following morning, and then, in the care of friendly hands, carried towards his once happy home at Niagara Falls. A large con- course from the neighboring country attended the last ceremonies that closed his brief and beautiful career. The services at St. Peter's Church were conducted by Reverend Dr. Shelton, an Episcopal clergyman, who had before performed the same sad rites over the remains of his father, his mother, and his iirst wife. There was no military display — no ostentatious exhibition of public processions ; but the stores were quietly closed as a mark of respect, and scarcely a sound was heard in the hushed village except the solemn thunder of Niagara. After the impressive ceremonies of the Church were over, the con- course moved to Oakwood Cemetery, where the hero now rests, but not "alone in his glory." The proposed monument is to be a simple column of marble, crowned with the emblems of his faitli and his patriotism — the cross and the Hag. Fellow-members of "The Century!" in the perform- ance of the task allotted to me I have, thus i\ir, placed only a bare and barren record of dates and facts before you ; but even the data relating to his life are so preg- 51 nant witli all that is noble, Avise, self-denying, indicate such keenness of perception in matters of criticism, and j^et so generous in appreciation, that he was, with great gifts, so modest ; as honest in purpose as he Avas patriotic in principle ; and as heroic in action as he was patriotic ; and so — dying as nobly as he had lived — how can the vast storehouse of language supply epithets for a formal eulogy that will rival his simple narrative ? And can Friendship even mourn over the close of so brilliant a career, when he, in the very fulness of his chivalric nature, surrounded by a cloud of witnesses, gave up his life for his country upon that heroic field ? Is it for lis to rear the commemorative obelisk or to unveil the tributary urn of tears, in memory of him whose virtues need neither pedestal nor inscription 1 Let us rather turn to the more immediate relations of his blameless life, with which many of us are not so familiar. His confidential friend and legal adviser, to whom I owe much of this brief history, says: *'He was a man of the clearest perceptions in matters of business, grasp- ing readily the most complicated affairs ; and of sucli sound judgment, that his conclusions were rarely incor- rect." His promptness was remarkable ; he never made an appointment that he failed to keep. Once having de- cided any matter, he rarel}^ found occasion to change his mind. He was exceedingly conscientious in his dealings 52 ■with others. "Let lis do right," he said ; "though the law gives me an advantage, I will not avail myself of it." In the hard times of 1857 he voluntarily reduced the rents of his tenants. When his mortgages Avere unpaid and required foreclosing, his first inquiry was, are they honest, worthy, working men ? If they were, or if they had died, leaving widows or children, he always ascer- tained first tlie value of the improvements upon the property, as well as the payments they had made upon it, and generally paid the one and refunded the other." That such a course of conduct was justified by ordinary pecuniary laws we cannot admit ; but his executor sa3's that "when his course of conduct was determined upon, he would take no other." His charities were like a rich placer, to be worked by the poor. To the friend- less he was a constant benefactor. He indeed fidfilled all the injunctions of the Apostle.* "But to all this was added yet another and higlier attribute. From his earliest boyhood, his reverence for sacred things was most profound and sincere. He spoke but little of such subjects, but his whole con- duct showed him to be a devoted and humble Chris- tian." His faith was as genuine as it was unobtrusive. It guided the whole course of his spotless life. To * 1st Coriuthians, xiii. tlioso who ^vpre witnesses only of Porter's intercourse witli the focam- spray of society ; who merely knew him as a j)art of that brilliant artificial life, of which he was, upon all occasions, so conspicuous an orna- ment ; to those this statement will appear almost in- credible. But the contact of the world did not sully his pure character. Like the nobler metals, his nature could endure the tiery trial of the furnace, and run clear from the dross of the crucible. It was for many 3^ears his constant practice to acknowledge his obliga- tions to his Creator in humble prayer, in the midst of his family, and he became a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in October, 1861, being confirmed at Geneva, by Bishop De Lancey. The last letter writ- ten from the front (and received after his death), con- tains these memorable words: "I try to think, and feel, and act as if each day were to be my last, so as not to go unprepared to God. We must Iwpe, and pra}^, and believe, He will preserve me. Yet His will be done I It is selfish to wish to be spared at the expense of others." I cannot more fitly close this brief biographical sketch of the earthly career of our dear departed friend, than by this extract from his will : "I, Peter Augustus Porter, being of sound mind, do declare this to be my last will and testament : 54 feeling, to its full extent, the probability that I may not return from the parh of duty on which I have entered. If it please God that it be so, I can say, with truth, that I have entered on the course of danger with no ambi- tious aspirations, nor with the idea that I am fitted by nature or experience to be of any important service to tlie Government; but in obedience to the call of duty, demanding every citizen to contribute what he could, in means, labor, or life, to sustain the Government of his country — a sacrifice made tlie more willingly by me when I consider how singularly benefited I have been by the institutions of the land, and that, np to this time, all the blessings of life have been showered upon me beyond Avhat falls usually to the lot of man." And now, fellow-members — while the accents of his departing words still linger in your ears — let me re- tire. I liave attempted to lay a garland upon his grave, and have brought no flowers so fresh and fragrant as those that were already there. I have attempted a eulogy, and find the voice of praise is hushed by attri- butes above all praise. Let me dedicate, however, these few leaves to his memory, for they come from what he prized above all earthly things — the hand and heart of a friend. ^ V *^s* .S}> 'i'^% V I « * "'S- 1 * o5 -t:^ - ^--. ,-j.^ -^A v^ ^. c*^' < ■» o 0^ ^^ % ..^'^ s'^^^ «? v- <- ' " ' ' %\\ O N C . ^_ -^'^' *^.:^ '- '=!s> i^i '^ ■^oo^ A^'^' .-b>'-^ .0 0^ -5- («^ * ^^i •^'?^, ^: i| v^^ -^c. A^' o ^-^^^ v^' ^^ .0^^ .-^ ^, .^^ ^ o H -r.. ^ <^^' ^ V x^^' ^r-. ^O. -0' '^. c"^' .0 c ■^oq' -t. ^^ cf-. o,./' '^.^'^ %^^" c.^-^^. O^ -^c^ ^^' '^/^. •x^- ^^ ,0o 4' "'^- 3^ A. .r. 0^ .-^^ o5 ^^ c^^ V