-^^0^ ■■>t-, \P O V r^n'^ "K^ \y / ^^'% ""TO^'/^'- *^ 1 1> K^-—m I nil it— -^ VV ^^ ■1 O ,'^* , v.< o ' . . » ^ :• %.^' #^^ X/ '^^^- ' \^^' ■^^^^'^ X/" ^ »V V-* ' » « 5 . > ':^o^ •5- .V it's 4 o o "^ -^ "^^*' >' "^ ^A:. V WITHi^-J |[lliistrations anil ||iogra^liical ^kelclte^ <_€==OF^=^_J SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS. By Prof. W. W. CLAYTON. 7 PHILADELPHIA: 1879. \i b ^^%g7J;^^^g^j^j- ^,:.jU^i,|l,l,|.^,, ^ PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA. .5? c& PREFACE. The History of Steuben County is made up chiefly of local annals. There is little in it which reaches back to the Colonial or even to the Revolutionary period. In the preparation of the following pages, everything known to the writer as furnishing any information respecting the state of this locality in the time of the Colonies and during the Revolution, has been cai'efuUy sought out and embodied in a few preliminary chapters. For our earliest geographical knowledge of this portion of the State of New York, we are indebted to the French military authorities at Fort Niagara, who, during the old contest with the English for supremacy over a large portion of this country, built and occupied that important garrison. Cajjtain Pouchot, a French engineer at Fort Niagara, made the first map in which the principal streams of this county are indicated, deriving his information of the topography of the country from the Indians, whose knowledge appears to have been remarkably accurate. This map is found in the " Paris Documents," and was published in Paris in 1758. The history which we have given of the aboriginal inhabitants of this county has not been confined to the fragments of tribes who inhabited it at the time of its first discovery by Europeans, but has taken a wider range, embracing a general account of the Indian nations from which they sprang, and, especially, of the Iroquois, who were the dominant race throughout this region of country. The rivalry and mutual conflicts between these and the Andastes and Delawares, leading to the final conquest of the latter and the colonization of a mixed remnant of the broken tribes within the territory of Steuben County, have also been brought to view, and the general subject, thus presented, has been sujiplemented by a chapter on the Indian occupancy of this county pi'ior to and during the period of the Revolution. This has been followed by an account of the general "condition of the Indians subsequent to the Revolution, and the extinguishment of their title to lands in the State of New York. The various documents, journals, and reports of the campaign of General Sullivan in 1779, and the histories and reminiscences of the Wyoming massacre, furnish us with the only knowledge we have of this locality during the struggle of the Colonies for independence. Happily, for our later history, the pre-emption i-ight of the State of Mas- sachusetts, the purchase of these lands by Phelps and Gorham, and the transmission of their title to tlie present inhabitants, are matters of public record. We have largely in this department availed ourselves of the excellent work of Mr. Turner, entitled " Phelps and Goi'ham's Purchase," and, in the later pha.ses of the Pulteney Estate, of the researches and conclusions of some of the most eminent legal minds in the county. It is unnecessary here to enumerate the authors we have consulted in the preparation of this volume, as they are generally referred to in the foot-notes or in the text of the work. a. PREFACE. Steuben County has had an organic existence of eighty-three years. It was settled originally by a hardy and enterprising class of jaeople. It would be strange if such a peojile, and their intelligent and progressive descendants, during a period of nearly a century, had not made history enough to fill one volume, to say nothing of the doings of their savage predecessors, or of the discoveries and military expeditions which prepared the way for their advent to these hills and valleys. The history made by the settlers and their descendants, the local annals of town and village, with which the work chiefly abounds, the recital of thrilling incidents of border life, the privations and hardships of the pio- neers, the rehearsal of the rude and quaint manners and customs of the " olden times," will have much more of interest for the general reader than the most profound and labored discussion of antiquities remote from actual life. The history contained in the present volume has been compiled with a great deal of labor; yet, it has been a pleasure to the writer. The citizens of the county, in every locality, have manifested an interest in the work, and many have freely and cheerfully aided in the collection of materials. The arrangement of the work is such as is deemed, upon the whole, best adapted to the orderly classification of the large amount of matter which such a coulity must necessarily furnish, the plan being, first, a general history of the county at large, and then a history of each separate town and village. The biographies, for the most part, with their accompanying portraits and views of residences, are placed in the several towns to which they belong, and the whole is carefully indexed, so as to facili- tate reference. We have deemed it most in harmony with common usage, as well as best adapted to give general satisfaction, to arrange the towns in alphabetical order. Among those whom the writer and joublishers desire especially to thank for valuable assistance rendered in the compilation of the work, are Hon. Guy H. McMaster, Ansel J. McCall, Esq., Hon. David Rumsey, R E. Robie, Esq.. Rev. James M. Piatt, and Rev. 0. R. Howard, D.D., of Bath; Charles H. Erwin, of Painted Post; Wm. H. Bonham, 1. W. Near, and Miles W. Hawley, Esqs., of Hornellsville ; C. H. Thomson, Esq., Hon. George T. Spencer, Dr. G. W. Pratt, Gen. J. H. Lansing, and C. D. Baker, Esq., of Corning; Ij. D. Hastings, T. M. Youuglove, and G. W. Nichols, Esqs., of Hammondsport ; Hon Jeremiah Baker and Joshua C. Stei)liens, of Canisteo ; Thos. S. Crosby, Valentine Van Wornier, and Thomas Warner, Esqs , of Cohocton ; William B. Pratt, Paul C. Howe, and J. H. Hotchkin, Esqs., of Prattsburgh. Besides these, many other gentle- men have aided us in procuring matter for our local histories of towns and villages, whose names are too numerous to mention in this connection. We are indebted to the editors of the county press, to the county clerk and his assistants, to the town clerks of the various towns, to many clergymen and church oificials, who have courteously and freely rendei-ed assistance in various ways. That the work we have compiled is perfect in eveiy respect we do not pretend. But we have aimed to make it as complete as possible under the circumstances, and such as it is we submit it to the candid judgment of our readers. w. w. c. April 1, 1879. CONTENTS. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY. AFTER I. — Baron Steuben ..... II. — The Indians III. — Indians of the Susquehanna Valley . IV. — Indian Occupancy of Steuben County V. — Period of the Revolution . VI. — E.xtinguishment of the Indian Title VII. — Treaty of Oliver Phelps with the Seneca Indians Vin. — The Phelps and Gorham Purchase . IX.— The Pulteney Estate .... X. — Early Settlement of the County XI. — Ontario County ..... XII. — Organization of Steuben County XIII. — Geography, Topography, and Geology XIV.— Steuben County Civil List . XV. — Bench and Bar of Steuben County . XVI.— The County Press .... XVII. — The Land Controversy XVIII.— Societies XIX. — New York State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home . XX. — Grape-Growing and AVine-iVlaking . XXI. — Statistics of Population, Agriculture, Churches XXII.— Military History— War of 1812— Mexican War XXIII.— Military History Continued— War of the Rebellion— 2'Jd New York Infantry- Battery E, 1st N. Y. Light Artillery — .'i4th Regiment Infantry XXIV. — Military History Continued — S6th Regiment . XXV.— Military History Continued — 107th Regiment . XXVI.— Military History Continued— 141st and 161st Regi- ments ......... XXVII.— Military History Continued— lS9th Regiment . Statistical Directorv of Steubkn Cocntv . . . . PAGE 9 15 19 22 25 30 37 40 44 46 50 52 54. 59 64 76 81 86 91 95 103 105 110 120 127 134 452 ' TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF STEUBEN COUNTS Addison Avoca Bath -. Bradford Cameron Campbell Cauisteo Caton . Cohocton Corning Dansville Erwin Fremont Greenwood Hartsville Hornby Iloi-nellsville Howard Jasper Lindley Prattsburj Pulteney Rathbone Thurston Troupsburgh Tuscarura Urbana Wayland Wayne Weiit Union Wheeler Wood hull ILIliT7STE.-A.TI03SrS. Portrait of Baron Steuben .... Map of Steuben County .... Pencil Sketch of Ravine at Hammondsport Portrait (steel) of Hon. Thos. A. Johnson Portrait (steel) of Hon. David Ruuisey Portrait of Hon. David McMaster Portrait of Hon. George T. Spencer . Portrait of Hon. W. M. Hawley Portrait (steel) of Hon. Harlo Hakes New Y'ork State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home Portrait of Gen. J. II. Lansing . Portrait (steel) of Gen. N. M. Crane. ADDISON. Portrait of William Wombougli . Portrait of J. H. Miles Portrait of Joel D. Gillet . Portrait of Dr. Bradley Blakslee Portrait of Dr. Reuben P. Brown AVOCA. Portraits of Thomas Cotton and Wife Residence of Thomas Cotton Portrait of Oscar S. Smith . . . PAOE facing 9 " 54 . AS facing Os 70 . 72 ijCtween 72, 73 " 72, ,3 facing 74 . 91 facing 110 119 facing 141 . 150 . 151 . 152 . 153 facing 154 154 " 156 Portrait of David Robords Portrait of N. B. Chase Portrait of Christopher Patterson, M.D. Portrait of Alexander Arnold Portrait of H. H. Bouton . PA< between 156, IJ facing li 1 BATH Village of Bath in 1804 . Views in Bath, New York . Portraits of John L. Smith and Wife Residence of .John L. Smith Portrait of Lay Noble Portraits of George S. Haverling and Wife Residence of George S. Haverling Portrait of Hon. L. N. Rider . Portrait of Lansing D. Ilodgman Portrait of William B. Ruggles . Portrait of Addison F. Ellas Portrait of Monroe lirundage Portrait (steel) of Col. Ira Davenport Davenport Home for Orphan Girls (steel) Portrait of Hon. John Magee (steel) . Portrait (steel) of Hon. Constant Cook Portrait of John A. Bowlby and Wife Residence of John A. Bowlby . iicing 1( ti' 1( belwcfn 162 1 162 !■ iicing 16 between 168 16 " 168 16 facing 17 " 17 " 17 n IS it 18 jetween 186, 18 ' 186, IS facing 18 " 18! '■ 13' 19 CONTENTS. XXjXjJJSTIEbJ^TXOJSrS. BRADFOKD. 'ortraits of John Eisbpaugb and Wife 'ortraits of B, B. Switzer and Wife . 'ortrait (steel) of Jesse Munson 'ortrait of William Hedges facini Wifi his CAMPBELL Residence of J. D. Hamilton Portrait of Geo. W. Campbell . Portraits of Jonas Stevens and Wife , Portraits of l)eacon Jacob Woodward and Portraits of W. W. Bartlett and Wife Portraits of Abram llollenbeck and Wife Portraits of John P. Knox and AVife . Residence of I). B. Curtis . Portrait (steel) of J. D. Hamiltcm Portrait (steel) of Daniel B. Curtis . CANISTEO. Residence of A. J. Carter . Canisteo House, Canisteo, N. Y. Portraits of George H. Stephens and Wife Portraits of Nathan Crosby and Wife Portrait of Mrs. Rhoda Stephens Portrait of George J. and Elizabeth Stephi P-^Ttraits of M. H. Stephens and Wife Portrait of Hon. Jeremiah Baker Portrait of Lyman A. Cook Portraits of Thomas Hallett and Wife Residence of Thomas Hallett H. O'arter and Sons, Canisteo Iron-AVorks Biy.ik Block, Canisteo, \. Y. , 3gish-, Boor-, and Blind-Factory, A. B. Vor ■^'ortraits of C. B. Travis and Wife *ortrait of Nathan Stephens ortrait of Joshua C. Stephens . irtrait of John Carter and Wife 'sidence of John Carter . CATON. Portraits of Philip Hubbard and Wife Residence of Philip Hubbard Portrait of John Gillett .... Portrait of William D. Gilbert . '*ortraits of Lucius J. and Benoni Johnson ortraits of Deacon Titus Smith and Wife rtraits of Col. Frederick Barnard and Wife COHOCTON. jrtraits of V. V'.u 'vVormer anu Wife Portraits of Lewis and Smith Clayson Portrn'A (steel) of George W. Drake . Poi trait of Thomas C. Armstrong Portraits "f David S. Wait and Wife CORNING. Pincwood Cure, Dr. A. J. Ingcrsoll . Portraits of Rev. B. F. Balcom and Wife Portrait of John McBurney Residence of John McBumey Portraits of Hiram Pritchard and Wife Portrait of H. W. Bostnick Portrait (steel) of Henry B. Noyes . "Evergreens," Residence of H. B. Noyes Portrait of Stephen T. Hayt ■ Corning Glass-Works .... 'Stea-n Granite- and Marble-Works Portrait (ste;ll of Q. W. Wellington . PAOG 192 198 200 201 facing 207 " 208 between 208, 209 facing 209 between 210, 211 •' 210, 211 facing 21.'i it 214 between 21 B 217 " 216 217 facing 217 . 217 •f 218 between 218, 219 " 218, 219 . " 218, 219 facing 219 " 220 . 221 between-222. 223 " 222 223 " 224 225 " 224, 225 " 224, 225 facing 226 228 228 facing 229 " 229 K Portrait of William Walker -•Corning Free Academy .... Portrait of W. W. Wormley -Residence of W. W. Wormley . Portrait of Joshua B. Graves, M.D. . Portrait of Chas. H. Thomson . Portrait of Alonzo H. Gorton Portrait (steel) of Hon. John N. Hungerford Portrait (steel) of Hon. 0. C. B. Walker . Portrait (steel) of Hon. George B. Bradley Portrait (steel) of Franklin N. Drake Portrait (steel) of Ellsworth D. Mills Portrait (steel) of Austin Lathrop, Jr. Portrait of Henry Goft" .... Portraits of John Storms and Wife . -•Residence of John Storms .... facing 230 230 " 232 " 234 " 235 " 235 " 235 240 lacuig itu 244 249 . 250 . 251 facing 252 between 252, 253 " 252, 253 " 252, 253 facing 254 " 255 between 250, 257 " 256, 257 facing 259 260 260 261 DANSVILLE Portraits of John P. Faulkner and Wife 'Residence of Joshua Healey Portraits of Jarvis P. Case and Wife . Portraits of Morgan H. Carney and Wife , Portraits of Philetus Allen and Wife. . \5'ortraits of J. A. and Spencer B. Jones^ Portraits of Michael Weber and Wife '"Residence of Michael Weber Portraits of Isaac Shipman and Wife .> Residence of Isaae Shipman ERWIN. Portrait of Edward Townscnd . Portraits of John JI. Patterson and Wife Portraits of Lyman Balcom and Wife "Residence of Lyman Balcom Portraits of Calvin Lovell and Wife . Portrait of Willis J. Savory Portrait of W. S. Hodgman Portraits of Peter Covenhoven and Wife Portraits of Isaac P. Goodsell and Wife Portraits of Philo Campbell and Wife Portrait (steel) of Gen. Francis E. Erwin Portrait (steel) of Arthur H. Erwin . FREMONT. Portrait of Elisha G. Stephens . Portraits of Henry Cotton and Wife . GREENWOOD. Portrait of Jesse T. Atkins Portrait of Alexander H. Stephens Portrait of Asa H. Stepucns Povlrait of Levi Davis .... HORNBY. Portraits of Deacon John Si. John and Wife Portraits of Col. N. B. Stanton and Wife Portraits of Daniel Goodsell and Wife Portraits of George Goodsell and Wife Portraits of Samuel Lilly and Wife . Portraits of J. B. Wasson and Wife . -Residence of J. B. Wasson Portraits of Theodore Hendrick and Wife HORNELLSVILLE. Portrait of Hon. Asa McConncll Portrait of Christopher Uurlbut Portraits of Francis Colgrove and Wife Portrait of John S. Sharp . Portrait of William Woolcvcr . PAGE between 276, 277 . 262 between 264, 265 264, 265 facing 267 268 269 " 272 " 273 between 274, 275 " 274, 275 facing 275 " 276 between 276, 277 facing 277 277 facing 278 279 between 280, 281 280, 281 " 282, 283 " 282, 283 facing 284 " 284 •' 285 " 285 facing 2S6 287 between 288, 289 " 288, 289 " 290, 291 " 290, 291- " 290, 291 290, 291 292, 293 292. 293 290, 297 296, 297 facing 298 " 300 facing 304 . 306 . 307 . 308 facing 313 " 314 between 314, 315 " 314, 315 facing 316 " 317 " 317 . 317 facing 318 " 320 between 320, 321 " 320, 321 facing 322 CONTENTS. iXjXjTJSTK.^Tionsrs. Portraits of George Davenport and Wife -•Residence of Gteorge Davenport Portrait of Walter G. Rose Portrait of James Alley Portrait of D. K. Belknap . Portrait of N. B. Haskell . _ Residence of N. B. Haskell Portrait of Alanson Stephens Portrait of Dr. John S. Jameson Portrait of Dr. S. E. Shattuck . Portrait of Dr. L. A. Ward Portrait of Rufus Tuttle . Portrait of Martin Adsit . Portrait of Charles N. Hurt Portrait of George W. Terry Portrait of Charles Hartshorn . Portrait of Hiram C. Orcutt Portrait of iMichacI Crotty -Residence of Mrs. Michael Crotty Portrait of W. L. Sutton . Portrait of Dr. C. D. Robinson . Portrait of Dr. J. W. Robinson . HOWARD. Portrait of Dr. Abijah B. Case . Portrait of Seth H. Rice . Portraits of Joel Russel anrl Wife Portraits of Joel Bullard and Wife . JASPER. Portraits of Amos F. Woodbury and Wife Portraits of Allen Drake and Wife . Portrait of Dr. Solomon Deck . Portraits of Henry Stearns and Wife Portrait of Deacon Thomas Whiting . PRATTSBURGH. Portrait of Dr. Philo K. Stoddard Portraits of Charles Waldo and Wife Portraits of Lucius Waldo and Wife Portraits of Luther Graves and Wife . ^ Farm Residence of Luther Graves Portrait of Joseph G. Sturdevant Portraits of E. A. Hubbard and Wife. Portraits of Harry Godfrey and Wife Portraits of Ira C. Williams and Wife Portraits of Benjamin Cook and Wife PAQB between 322, 323 " 322, 323 facing n 324 325 325 between 326, 327 " 326 327 facing 327 328 jeti veen 328, 329 ' 328 329 328, 329 facing 329 between 330, 331 ' 330 331 facing 333 333 between 334, 335 ' 334, 335 336 facing 337 337 facing 338 tt 339 bet xeen 340 341 340 341 facing 342 343 346 349 349 facing 356 bet veen 356 357 356 357 358 359 338 359 facing 360 362 364 366 369 Portrait (steel) of G. R. R. Ainsworth Portrait of Hon. Charles G. Higby Portraits of Aaron Pinney and AVife -Residence of Wm. B. Pratt Portrait of Wm. B. Pratt . Portraits of Otis Waldo and Wife 'Residence of J. A. Waldo . Portrait of J. M. Hopkins ^Residence of J. M. Hopkins Portraits of John Van Housen and Wife PAOK facing 371 . 371 . 372 facing 373 . 373 facing 374 " 374 375 " 375 . .376 PULTENEY. Portrait of John Coryell .... THURSTON. Portraits of Judge L. H. Phillips and Wife TROUPSBURGH. Portraits of Hon. Samuel (iriggs and Wife . Portrait of Dr. N. M. Perry Portrait of James Carpenter facing 378 391 facing 392 396 . 401 URBAN A. Portrait of D ■. M. T. Babcook . Portrait of John W. Taggart -Residence of John W. Taggart . Portrait of William Hastings Portrait of L. D. Hastings Portraits of Benjamin Myrtle and Wife Portraits of David Bailey and Wife . Residence of Adsit Bailey Portraits of Charles L. Bailey and Wife . Residence of Charles L. Bailey . WAYNE. Portraits of Joel Wixson and Wife - Residence of Joel Wixson Portraits of M. V. Knapp and Wife - Residence of M. V. Knapp Portrait of P-ancis M. McDowell Portraits of Lewis V. Houck and Wife Portrait (steel) of Samuel Hallett WEST UNION. Portraits of David Sherman and Wife WHEELER. Portrait of 6cn. 0. F. Marshal . facing 408 between 408, 409 " 408, 409 . 412 . 412 facing 412 414 " 414 419 " 419 facing 425 " 425 " 426 " 426 428 430 433 439 441 biogi^^i='I3:io^Ij- NAME. PAGE Hon. A^incent Matthews 64 Gen. Daniel Cruger 65 Judge Welles 67 Hon. Thomas A. .Tohnson . (-.8 John Baldwin 09 Hon. David Rumscv . 70 li^n. Edward Howell . 71 William Howell, Esq. . 71 llo'i. Robert Campbell 71 Hon. William Woods . 72 Hon. William B. Rochester 72 Hon. David McMastor ' 72 Hon. George T. S])encer between 72,73 Hon. W. M. Hawley . •' 72, 73 Hon. Joseph G. Masten 73 Henry AV. Rogers, Esq. 73 Vincent M. Coryell 73 Schuyler S. Strong, Esq. . 73 NAME. Hon. S. n. Hammond Hon. Washington Barnes Hon. Guy H. McMiister Ausel J. McCall, Esq. . Alfred P. Ferris, Esq. . Charles F. Kingsley, Esq. lion. William E, Bonham Hon. L. H. Read Hon. Ziba A. Leiand . Hon. .Andrew G. ChatticM Hon. Ilarlo Hakes R. L. Brundage, Esq. . Hon. John K. Hale Thomas J. Reynold.-^ . Hon. Horace Bemis Jaiues H. Stephens, Esq. I. W. Near, Esq. . Hon. William Irvine . NAME. PAQB Joseph Herron, John Maynard . . 75 Henry G. Cotton, Henry Sherwood . 75 (icn. J. II. Lansing . . facing 110 Gen. Nirom M. Crane .... 119 ADDISON. William Wombough .1. 11. Miles. Major Rufus Baldwin .Jc.el D. Gillet Dr. Bradley Blakslee Dr. Reuben P. Brown fiicing 141 149 150 151 152 153 AVOCA. Oscar S. Smith . . . facing 156 David L. Robords . between 156, 157 XiithanicI B. Chase . . facing 157 Christopher Patterson, M.D. " 158 ' 8 CONTENTS. B I O G- K/ JL 1= H: I O J^ Xj. NAMK. FAOB NAME. PAOS NAHE. PAOE Alexander Arnold facing 159 Alonzo H. Gorton . facing 269 Rufus Tuttle . between 328 ,329 Hon. H. H. Bouton . 159 Hon. John N. Ilungerford . . 272 Martin Adsit 329 Thomas Cotton . 159 Hon. C. C. B. Walker . 273 Charles N. Hart . . between 330 ,331 BATH. Hon. George B. Bradley . 275 George W. Terry . " 330 331 Franklin N. Drake . 275 Charles Hartshorn . . facing 333 John L. Smith between 162, 163 Ellsworth D. Mills . 275 Hiram C. Orcott, M.D. 333 Lay Noble . facing 107 Austin Lathrop, Jr. . 276 Michael Crotty . . between 334 ,335 George S. Haverling . between 168, 169 Quincy W. Wellington . 276 William L. Sutton .... 336 Hon. L. N. Rider facing 173 Henry Goff . between 276, 277 C. D. Robinson, M.D. . . facing 337 Lansing D. Hodgman . *' 175 William Walker . " 276, 277 William B. Ruggles •' 176 John Storms . 277 HOWARD. Addison F. Ellas . " 182 Abijah B. Case, M.D. . . facing 338 Monroe Brundage " 183 DANSVILLE. Seth H. Rice ... " 339 ? '-. Ira Davenport . 186 John P. Faulkner . facing 278 Joel Russcl . . . between 340 ,341 Hon. John Mageo 187 Jarvis P. Case between 280, 281 Joel BuUard . " 340 ,341 Hon. Constant Cook . 189 Morgan H. Carney 280, 281 John A. Bowlby . 190 Philetus Allen . . " 282, 283 JASPER. J. A. and Spencer B. i Michael Weber . ones " 282, 283 Amos F. Woodbury . facing 342 BRADFORD. . 284 Allen Drake ... *• 343 John Kishpaugh . facing 192 • Isaac Shipman . 285 Solomon Deck, M.D. . . " 346 B. B. Switzer " 198 Henry Stearns ... " 349 Jesse Munson 200 ERWIN. Deacon Thomas Whiting 349 William Hedges . • 201 Edward Townscnd John M. Patterson facing 286 " 287 PRATTSBURGH. CAMPBELIi. Hon. Lj'man Balcom . between 288, 289 Philo K. Stoddard, M.D. . facing 356 Geo. W. Campbell facing 208 Calvin Lovell 290, 291 Charles Waldo . . between 356 357 Jonas Stevens between 208 209 Willis J. Savory . 290, 291 Lucius-Waldo . . " 356 337 Deacon Jacob Woodward facing 209 Warren S. Hodgman . " 290, 291 Luther Gi aves . . " 358 359 W. W. Bartlett . between 210 211 Peter Covcnhoven 290, 291 Joseph G. Sturdevant . facing 360 .\bram HoUenbeck '' 210 211 Isaac P. Goodsell 292, 293 E. A. Hubbard ... 362 John P. Kdox facing 213 Philo Campbell . 292, 293 Harry Godfrey ... " 364 John D. Hamilton 216 Col. Arthur Erwin . 296 Ira C. Williams ... " 366 Daniel B. Curtis . 216 Capt. Samuel Erwin . 296 Benjamin Cook ... " 369 Gen. Francis E. Erwin . 297 Hon. Robert Porter .... 369 CANISTEO. Arthur II. Erwiii . 297 G. R. R. Ainsworth . . facing 371 ---{reorge H. Stephens . facing 218 Hon. Charles G. Higby 371 Nathan Crosby . between 218 219 FREM ONT. Aaron Pinney 372 Joshua Stephens 218 219 Elisha G. Stephens facing 298 Wm. B. Pratt 373 M. H. Stephens . facing 91Q Henry Cotton 300 Otis Waldo 374 Hon. Jeremiah Baker (( • 220 Joseph M. Hopkins .... 374 Lyman A. Cook . " 221 GREENE kVOOD. John Van Housen .... 375 Thomas Hallett . C. B. Travis between 222 facing 223 226 Jesse T. Atkins . Hon. Alexander H. St facing 304 sphens . . 306 PULTENEY. Nathan Stephens 227 Asa U. Stephens . 307 John Coryell . . . facing 378 John Carter 229 Levi Davis . . 308 THURSTON. CATON . HORI JBY. Judge L. H. Phillips .... 391 John Gillett William D. Gilbert facing n 232 234 Deacon John St. John Col. N. B. Stanton facing 313 314 TROUPSBURGH. Philip Hubbard . . 235 Daniel Goodsell . between 314, 315 Hon. Samuel Griggs . . facing 392 Benoni and Lucius Johnson 235 George Goodsell . 314, 315 N. M. Perry, M.D. . . " 396 Deacon Titus Smith . . 236 Samuel Lilly facing 316 James Carpenter ..... 400 Col. Frederick Barnard 236 Theodore Ilendrick . 317 URBANA. COHOCTON. John B. Wasson . . 317 M. T. Babcock, M.D. . . facing 408 Valentino Van Wormer facing 240 HORNEIil ..SVILLE. John W. Taggart . between 408, 409 Lewis and Smith Clayson George W. Drake it 244 249 Hon. Asa McConnell Christopher Hurlbut facing 318 320 Benjamin Myrtle . . facing Charles L. Bailey .... 412 419 Thomas C. Armstrong 250 Francis Colgrovc between 320, 321 WAYNE. David S. Wait . 251 John S. Sharp . 320, 321 Francis M. McDowell . . facing 428 CORNING. William Woolever George Davenport facing 322 between 322, 323 Lewis V. Houck ... " M. V. Knapp Joel AVixson ..... 430 432 Rev. Benjamin F. Balcom between 252, 253 Walter G. Rose . facing 324 432 433 John McBurney . . •' 252 ,253 James Alley " 325 Samuel Hallett Hiram Pritchard . facing 254 Daniel K. Belknap . 325 Hiram W. Bostwick . " 255 N. B. Haskell between 326, 327 WEST UNION. Hon. Stephen T. Hayt •' 259 Alanson Stephens facing 327 David Sherman 439 W. W. Wormley . between 264 ,265 John S. Jameson, M.I " 328 Joshua B. Graves, M.D, . facin ;267 S. E. Shattuck, M.D. . between 328, 829 WHEELER. Chas. n. Thomson it 2G8 Luman A. Ward, M.D. " 328, 329 Gen. Otto F. Marshal .... 441 liaiaoKi iiraiyBSiM. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. CHAPTER I. BARON STEUBEN. His Early Life and Military Services in Europe. This county derives its name from Frederic William Augustus, Baron Steuben. The baron never had the honor of living within its borders. He was one of those distin- guished foreigners, like Lafiiyette, De Kalb, and Kosci- usko, who came to this country to aid the cause of liberty in the American Revolution. Unlike those other distin- guished foreigners, however, who first became conspicuously known on this side of the ocean, Steuben had acquired a high military reputation in the Prussian service, where he had attained the rank of aide-de-camp to Frederic the Great, and was particularly connected with the quartermaster- general's department. Frederic William Augustus, Baron Stkuben, was born about 1730, in some part of Germany, probably in Suabia, as he possessed a small estate in that province. That he was not a Prussian by birth is shown by a remark of his on one occasion, that if he had been a native subject the gi'eat Frederic would certainly have dispatched him as a prisoner to Spandau for daring to request a dismission from his service. The fiither of Baron Steuben in 1779 wrote a letter to Dr. Franklin, making inquiry about his son. It is dated Custrin, Prussia, Oct. 8, 1779, and is signed " W. K. von Steuben, Major and Chevalier of the Order of Merit." In this letter the father says he is eighty- one years old, and his wife seventy-three. Steuben was fortunate enough to engage the friendship and confidence of Prince Henry, the king's brother, to whose family he was for some time attached. In an un- fortunate campaign, the prince incurred tlie displeasure of his inexorable brother. He was ordered to retire from the field, and his suite were placed in situations intended to make them feel the misfortune of being friends to a man who had dared to displease the king. Steuben was sent into Silesia, with orders to recruit, equip, and discipline, within a certain period, a regiment broken down by long and hard service. The pecuniary allowance was wholly insufficient for the end proposed ; but in such a service no intrinsic difficulties could excuse a failure in executing the king's commands. The baron repaired to the appointed spot, and by his unwearied exertions the regiment was maruhcd com- plete to headquartei-s within the prescribed time. This service was performed at an early period, and probably pro- cured the appointment which he subsequently held, of aide- de-camp to Frederic himself. An arbitrary exertion of the royal authority, consequent upon the peace of Hubertsburg, in 1763, induced him to withdraw from the Prussian army, which he did without forfeiting the favor of the king. He seems ever after to have retained a strong attachment for his stern old master, and was observed to be much affected on receiving news of that monarch's death in America. That his military talents were highly esteemed in Prussia is shown by a fact of more recent date. When, in the course of the Revolutionary war in this country. Congress applied to the several European courts for a transcript of their military codes, the prime minister of Prussia replied that their military instructions had never been published, nor even transcribed, except for the use of the generals. He added that he was surprised at the request, for he un- derstood that Baron Steuben was employed in the American service, and that no one was better able to give accurate information respecting the minutest details of the Prussian system. Upon leaving the array, Steuben repaired to his estate of Weilheim, in southea.stern Bavaria. In 1764, Prince Ho- henzoUern-Heehingen made him manshal of the court, with a salary of twelve hundred florins. He was at the same period appointed colonel in the Circle of Suabia, an office more honorable than lucrative. The troops of the Circle were chiefly militia, and the duty couisisted in little else than attending a periodical review. In 1767, Prince Margrave, of Baden, made him a Knight of the Order of Fidelity, and soon after gave him the chief command of the troops, with the rank and title of general, and yearly emoluments to the amount of two thousand florins. Thus situated, he refused two liberal profliirs from the prime minister of Austria to induce him to enter the service o the emperor. Steuben retained through life the pride and bearing of an old soldier. He always wore the insignia of his order, a star ornamented with gold and diamonds, suspended at the bi'east of his coat. His military subordinates were obliged to conform strictly to the rules of etiquette in rendering the outward testimonials of respect due to his office. A little incident, which occurred near the close of the American 9 10 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. war, affords an amusing illustration of this amiable weak- ness. One day, while at dinner at headquarters, the baron happened to express himself with much feeling and energy on some important subject. Gouverneur Morris, who sat at his right hand, was peculiarly struck with the remark, and, in his frank way, slapped Steuben somewhat roughly on the back, and cried out with an oath, " Well done, general, well done !" Much irritated at the insult, as he deemed it, the old baron abruptly quitted the table, and re- tired to his marquee, exclaiming, with great warmth, " Con- found the fellow ! with his old wooden leg he will govern the whole country!" The circumstances which induced Baron Steuben to take an active part in the American struggle for independence are briefly as follows : In April, 1777, he visited Paris, with the intention of repairing to London about the end of June, whither ho had been invited by Lords Spencer and Warwick, whose acquaintance he had previously formed in Germany. As good fortune would have it, he was induced by Count de St. Germain, the French minister of war, to postpone his visit to England, and finally to abandon it ; otherwise, he might never have joined the American army. There was much interest at that time in France respect- ing the difficulties between England and the colonies, and the French ministers wished to aid the revolutionists as far as they could without openly compromising themselves with England. On his arrival in Paris, Steuben sent a note to St. Ger- main, testifying a desire to visit him at Versailles. The same evening Col. Pagenstecher, a gentleman attached to the court, waited upon Steuben to inform him that St. Germain desired him not to come to Versailles, but to be at tlie arsenal in Paris in the course of a few days, where the count wished to converse with him on business of im- portance. As Steuben had no project to execute, nor any favor to ask of the count, there was a mystery in this pro- ceeding which he could not fathom. At the interview, however, which soon occurred, all was explained. St. Germain laid the American cause before the baron in as flattering colors as possible. The Spanish minister. Count d'Aranda. the Prince de Montbarrey, and, finally, Vergennes himself, added the weight of their authority to the propcsal of St. Germain. As the French ministers had no authority to settle upon terms, they referred the matter to the American envoys then in Paris. At the house of M. de Beaumarchais, Steuben was introduced to Dr. Franklin and Silas Deane. At the same place he became acquainted with Peter S. du Ponceau, then a young man only seventeen years of age, whose services as an interpreter (for he spoke English fluently) were pecu- liarly valuable. The envoys showed a desire to enlist the baron in the American cause, but when the terms were mentioned a difficulty immediately arose. Mr. Deane was willing to enter into any proper engagement, but Dr. Franklin demurred, and urged that he had no authority from Congress to form any contract whatever with any foreign officer, still less to make the required advance of funds to defray the expenses of the voyage. On the con- trary, Congress had already refused to ratify the conditions upon which he had engaged M. Ducoudray and the officers of his suite to embark for America. To the baron this answer was decisive, and he soon af\er left Paris and returned to Germany. But St. Germain and others were unwilling to let the matter rest. They wrote to Steuben that a ship was all ready to sail for America, and induced him to return early in August, and embark without any stipulations from the American min- isters, but with letters of introduction to Washington and the President of Congress. On the failure of any other chance, he was to rely on the French court for remunera- tion, and Beaumarchais advanced the money to defray immediate expenses. The French ship, UHeureitx, of twenty-eight guns, commanded by Capt. Landais, who had served under Bou- gainville in his voyage round the world, was appointed for the expedition. Her name was changed to Le Flamand, and she was ostensibly freighted by private individuals for a voyage to Martinique. But her lading really consisted of arms and munitions of war for the American service, and the captain had secret orders to proceed to the United States. Baron Steuben embarked at Marseilles, on the 26th of September, 1777, under the assumed name of Monsieur de Frank. His suite consisted of M. du Ponceau, who acted as private secretary, and three French officers, — Romanai, L'Enfant, and Ponthierre. After a rough voyage the ship arrived at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on the 1st of De- cember. On their first communication with the shore, they received the news of the capture of Burgoyne, an event of happy omen to Steuben, as it assured him that he had not embarked in a desperate cause. He immediately wrote to Gen. Washington, inclosing Dr. Franklin's letter, and requesting permission to enter the American service, if no other arrangement could im- mediately be made, in the capacity of a volunteer. '' I could .say, moreover," he added, " were it not for the fear of oifending your modesty, that your Excellency is the only person under whom, after having served under the King of Prussia, I could wish to pursue an art to which I have wholly given up myself. I intend to go to Boston in a few days, where I shall present my letters to Mr. Hancock, member of Congress, and there I shall wait for your Excel- lency's orders, according to which I shall take convenient measures." Washington replied on the 9th of January, 1778, refer- ring the baron to Congress, then in session at Yorktown, Pa. On the day after his arrival at that place, Congress appointed a committee of five members to confer with him. The famous Dr. Witherspoon was chairman, and the only one to whom Steuben could explain him.self in French. Steuben said, in answer to the questions of the committee, that he had come to serve as a volunteer in the army, and in order to do this he had resigned offices in Europe which gave him an income of six hundred pounds sterling. If his services should not prove acceptable, or if the United States should fail in establishing their independence, he would hold them quit of any obligation to him, either for indemnity or reward. But if the value of his services HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 11 should be acknowledged by the cotninander-in-chief, and the war sliould have a prosperous issue, ho hoped that Congress would restore the money he had advanced, would render him an equivalent for the oflSces he liad resigned, and give him such further compensation as they might deem he had deserved. In the mean time he expected that the officers of his suite should receive employment suitable to their ex- perience and rank These modest and reasonable proposi- tions were immediately accepted by Congress, with a vote of thanks to Steuben for his patriotic offer, and an order for him to join the army at once, which was then in winter quarters at Valley Forge. His reputation had preceded him, and all ranks were eager to see and greet the distin- guished foreigner, who had come to devote his military skill to the cause of American freedom. BARON STEUBEN IN THE AMERICAN ARMY. The condition of the Continental troops during the <;loomy winter at Valley Forge is too well known to need description. It was wretched in the extreme. Reduced to a mere handful in point of numbers, half-clothed, and ill-sheltered from the inclemency of the weather, they owed their preservation to the supineness or ignorance of the enemy. The baron frequently declared that no European army could be kept together under such dreadful privations. Discipline was relaxed, and the performance of military du- ties frequently postponed, from the necessity of employing the soldiers in excursions to procure daily subsistence, or of keeping them housed because they were too poorly clad to endure the open air. As he passed through the canton- ment, says his aide-de-camp, the baron was obliged to see through the half closed doors of the huts the wretched fig- ures of the soldiers, with only a blanket thrown over them, and to hear, at every turn, their complaints for the want of pay, clothes, and provisions. The want of economy and order in the army at that time was fearful, and needed just such a regulating hand as Baron Steuben's. Richard Peters, who then belonged to the war department, affirmed that it was customary in the estimates of that office to allow five thousand muskets be- yond the actual number of the muster of the whole army. Yet this allowance was never sufficient to guard against the waste and misapplication that occurred. We have the same authority for the assertion that, in the last inspection return of the army, before he left the war department. Baron Steuben being then inspector-general, only three muskets were deficient, and those were accounted for. When the spring opened partial supplies were received, and the new levies arrived iu considerable numbers. To bring order out of the general confusion, to reduce the raw recruits to a homogeneous mass with the old troops, to ac- custom the whole to the utmost precision of movement and management of arms, and to yield punctilious obedience to orders, was the hard task assigned to Baron Steuben. He was obliged to instruct equally the officers and men — the former to lead and the latter to follow — in intricate evo- lutions, with which all were alike unacquainted. His diffi- culties were increased by his ignorance of the English lan- guage. His secretary, Du Ponceau, who might have aided him in this point, was sick and absent from the army. At the first parade, the troops, neither understanding the com- mand nor being able to follow in movements to which they had not been accustomed, were getting fast into confusion. At that moment Captain Walker, then of the 4th New York Regiment, advanced from the line and offered his as- sistance to translate the orders and give them out to the troops. " If I had seen an angel from heaven," said the baron, many years after, " I should not have been more re- joiced. Perhaps there was not another officer in the army (unless Hamilton be excepted) who could speak French and English so as to be well understood in both.' Walker became his aide de-camp, and in future was hardly ever from his side. Still, as the baron slowly acquired our lan- guage, his eagerness and warmth of temper would fre- quently involve him in difficulties. On such occasions, after exhausting all the execrations ho could think of in German and French, he would call upon his faithful aide for assistance. " Venez, Walker, nion ami ! Sacre, de gauche- rie of des badauts, je ne puis plus. I can curse dem no more !" A temporary department of inspection was organized, and the baron placed at its head. He was efficient and in- defatigable in the discharge of his duties, and iinder his training the raw and heterogeneous mass of recruits and veterans soon began to assume the solidity and discipline of an army. Every fair day, when the troops were to manoeu- vre, the baron rose at three o'clock in the morning, and while the servant dre.ssed his' hair he smoked and drank one cup of strong coffee. At sunrise he was on his horse, and, with or without suite, galloped to the parade-ground. There was no waiting for a tardy aide, and one who came late was sufficiently punished by a reproachful look for the neglect of duty. Dr. Thacher, in his " Military Journal," describes a scene on the parade-ground, showing how the baron attended to the minutest details : " The troops were paraded in a single line, with shouldered arms, every officer in his particular station. The baron first reviewed the line in this position, passing in front with a scrutinizing eye ; after which he took into his hand the musket and accoutrements of every soldier, examining them with particular accuracy, applauding or condemning according as he found them. Ho required that the musket and bayonet should exhibit the brightest polish ; not a .spot of rust or defect in any part could elude his vigilance. He inquired also into the conduct of the officers towards their men, censuring every fault, and ap- plauding every meritorious action. Next he required of me, as surgeon, a list of the sick, with a particular statement of their accommodations, mode of treatment, and even visited some of the sick in their cabins."* The value of Steuben's services was soon apparent. On the 30th of April, 1778, Washington wrote to Congress, "I should do injustice if I were to be longer silent with regard to the merits of Baron Steuben. His knowledge of his profession, added to the zeal which he has discovered since he began upon the functions of his office, leads me to consider him as an acquisition to the service, and to recom- mend him to the attention of Congress.'' Congress, on the * Thaoher's Military jQiirm^l, sesoo J elition, p. 160. 12 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 5th of May, appointed him inspector-general of the army, with the rank of major-general. The department of inspection was now organized on a permanent basis. Two ranks of inspectors were appointed. The lowest were charged with the inspection of brigades, and were chosen by the field-oificers of the body to which they belonged. Over these were placed, as sub-inspectors, five other ofiScers, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Among these wore two French gentlemen, Ternant and Fleury, whose knowledge of both French and English made them necessary assistants of Baron Steuben. The duty of the inspectors was to superintend the exercise and discipline of the troops, and to assist in the execution of all field manoeuvres, especially in time of action. They reviewed and inspected the number and condition of the men, and the state of the arms and accoutrements, and reported to the commander-in-chief any loss or damage, and by what means it had occurred. The various means for the accom- plishment of this very essential part of the service were projected and matured with great labor by Steuben himself, and they were productive of the happiest results. Bluch unnecessary expense was avoided, and habits of order and carefulness introduced throughout the army. Baron Steuben, while engaged in the active duties of his office as inspector-general of the army, produced the first military manual or book of tactics and discipline ever pub- lished in this country. This book was undertaken in the autumn of 1778, to supply a demand which at that period became an urgent necessity. Hitherto the system intro- duced by the baron had been extended to the troops in separate and remote sections of the country by means of officers dispatched for the purpose, who had previously learned and practiced the rules under the eye of Steuben himself. Ternant had been sent upon this errand to the Southern army, and Neuville to the department in com- mand of Gates. But differences of practice still existed, which were perplexing when large bodies of troops were brought together, and in order to insure more perfect har- mony it was deemed advisable that a manual should be prepared and printed for distribution among the proper officers. Baron Steuben engaged in the work at the request of Washington and the board of war. The difficulties in the way of executing the project were great. From his im- perfect acquaintance with the English language the work was originally composed in Frencli, and the manuscript then translated into English by his aides, or persons con- nected with the war department, who were not well ac- quainted with military phrases and duties. No treatise on military science could be obtained to serve as a basis for the work. Everything had to be drawn from the baron's recollections of the Prussian system, and then modified to suit the peculiar condition of the American troops. It is no small praise of a work executed under such cir- cumstances that it was immediately approved by Wa.shing- ton, relied upon for direction during the remainder of the war, and continued to be in use as the only authority for disciplining the militia of the several States for nearly half a century. For this purpose the work was republished in many of the States. The completed manuscript was sub- mitted to the perusal of Washington Feb. 26, 1779. Con- gress adopted it by a resolution dated on the 29th of March. Col. Pickering, who superintended the passage of the work through the press, wrote to Steuben announcing its publi- cation on the 19th of June. The peculiar duties of Steuben during the war required his services in different parts of the country. In August, 1779, he left the main army on a visit to Providence, in order to introduce among the troops under Gen. Gates the rules which had been adopted in the main body. He re- mained in Providence but a short time, being ordered to Boston to receive and accompany to headquarters the Che- valier de la Luzerne, who had just landed as minister from France to Congress. Steuben, although ardently desiring to take charge of a .separate command and to engage in more active service, re- mained in the discharge of the duties of his office as in- spector-general until the autumn of 1780. Circumstances then occurred which were destined soon to gratify his long- cherished wish. The defeat of Gen. Gates at Camden, on the 16th of August, had entirely exposed the southern country to the operations of the army under Cornwallis. In October, Gen. Greene was appointed to the command of the South, with all the troops raised in the Southern States destined for his support. Baron Steuben was ordered to accompany him, to aid in recruiting and disciplining the raw troops which were to form the bulk of his army. On arriving at Richmond, about the middle of November, Geu. Greene decided that Virginia could only be defended from the Carolinas : that unless the British forces in those States could be kept actively engaged there, the whole country up the Potomac must fall into their power. There- fore he proceeded to his chosen field of operations, leaving Steuben in command in Virginia, with instructions to re- cruit and discipline troops as rapidly as possible, and for- ward them, together with stores and provisions, to his support in North Carolina. An odious task was thus imposed upon Steuben ; for the people of Virginia, in the exposed condition of their own State, with Portsmouth still occupied by the British Gen. Leslie, would be unwilling to surrender so large a portion of their scanty resources to augment an army whose opera- tions at best afforded them but a doubtful protection. Gen. Greene, in a letter, laid his plans before Gov. Jeffer- son, recommended the baron in strong terms, and invoked for him the aid and co-operation of the State executive. The quota of troops fixed by Congi'ess to complete the Virginia line amounted to nearly six thousand. The As- sembly, under the circumstances, with apparent reluctance, and after much debate, voted to raise three thousand by a drafl, which was appointed to be held on the 10th of Feb- ruary, 1781. All the troops Steuben had been able to send to Gen. Greene up to this time was a force of about four hundred (out of a destitute squad of nine hundred, who had been left at liberty by the withdrawal of Leslie from Portsmouth, on the 24th of November), for whom only, with great labor, he could find equipments. The others had been ordered to Chesterfield Court-House, and the baron had made strenuous exertions to procure for them tjie necessary articles of equipment. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 13 Wc mention these particulars to show how limited were the resources of Steuben, eitlier to comply with the urgent calls of Greene for " more trooj)s and supplies," or in ease of an invasion by a naval expedition, to which their situation peculiarly exposed them, to be in readiness promptly to defend the State. While the draft was pending, such a naval expedition suddenly surprised the country. The traitor, Benedict Arnold, with a flotilla of twenty-seven sail and sixteen hundred effective men, entered the James River, and crowded rapidly up to the capital of the State. On the 4th they landed at Westover, twenty miles below Richmond, which now appeared to be the object of attack. No force had yet been collected. Seeing that Richmond was likely to fall into the hands of the enemy, great exertions were made to remove the archives, arms, and military stores to the south side of the river, which object was in a great measure accomplished. Most of the stores were sent to Westham, seven miles from Richmond, where they were ferried across the river, and guarded by a small body of Continentals. Arnold landed nine hundred of his men at Westover, and commenced his march on the afternoon of the 4th on Richmond, which place he reached at noon the next day. Baron Steuben dispatched one or two hundred militia, all that could be collected, to harass the British on the march, but the service was ill-performed, and they entered the capital without the loss of a man. Arnold with five hundred men re- maining in the town, Col. Simcoe with the remainder pushed forward to Westham, where lie burned a valuable foundry, boring-mill, laboratory, and some smaller buildings.* Five brass four-pounders, which had been sunk in the river, were discovered, raised, and carried off, and six tons of powder were thrown into the water. But, as they had no means of crossing the river, the major part of the stores were out of their reach, and Simcoe returned immediately to Rich- mond. Arnold sent a flag to Steuben, offering not to burn the town if the ships should be allowed to pass up un- molested and carry off the tobacco which was there de- posited. This proposition was rejected, and the enemy concluding to leave the tobacco, after burning the public buildings and plundering many private hou.ses, commenced their retreat to Westover, where they arrived on the 7th. In forty-eight hours they had passed thirty miles into the country, occupied the capital of the State, destroyed much public property, and returned to their shipping without the loss of a man. Deeply .sen.siblc of the insult they had received, Steuben strained every nerve to collect troops and harass the British on their way down the river. Rightly judging that Arn- old's force would land at Hood's, the baron ordered Col. Clarke to form an ambuscade, with two hundred militia, at a short distance from the landing-place. On the 10th the shipping anchored, as was expected, and a party of five hundred men drove in the American picket. When they came within forty paces, the militia poured in a general fire, which killed seven men and wounded twenty-three others. The British returned the fire without effect, and -There was here nn armory during the Revolution. then pushed forward with fixed bayonets, when the militia immediately fled. On the 20th the fleet reached Ports- mouth, which Arnold proceeded to fortify, in order to estab- lish it as a permanent post. We need not follow the account further, the details of which are familiar to the readers of Revolutionary history. Gov. Jefferson wrote, on the 10th of January, to the Pres- ident of Congress, — " Baron Steuben haj^ descended from the dignity of his proper oom- mnnd to direct our smallc.'.t niovemcnt.s. Hi.s vigilance has in a great measure supplied the want of force, in preventing the enemy from crossing the river, the consequences of which iniglit have been very fatal. He has been assiduously employed in preparing equij)mcnts for the militia, as they assembled, pointing them to a proper object, and in other offices of a good commander." The action of Steuben in the defense of Petersburg was gallant and courageous. This was on the 24lh of April, 1780. Arnold, at Portsmouth, had baffled all attempts to dislodge or capture him on the part of a large force of infantry under Lafiiyette and a French fleet sent from Newport under command of Destouehes, and had been reinforced by Gen. Phillips, witli two thousand English troops. The combined forces, amounting to two thou.sand five hundred men, under the command of Gen. Phillips, sailed up the James River on the 18lh, with the view of attacking Petersburg and Richmond. Simcoe, with a small party, entered Williamsburg, and destroyed some stores. The main body, on the 24th, landed at the conflu- ence of the Appomattox and James Rivers, and marched up the banks of the former towards Petersburg. Baron Steuben was there with one thousand militia, to defend the city against two thousand three hundred regular troops; but his measures were so well taken that he was able to dispute the ground more than two hours, during which time the enemy gained but one mile. Their lines were twice broken before their superiority of numbers compelled the brave baron to retreat and assume a new position about twelve miles up the river. The loss was equal, amounting to sixty killed and wounded on each side. Lafayette, by forced marches, had arrived at Richmond in time to prevent an attack on that city. The British burned the tobacco and warehouses in Petersburg and vicinity. By the 1st of May Lafayette and Steuben had collected such a considerable force that Phillips dared not cross to the north side of the river, and soon abandoned the campaign and returned again to Portsmouth. When Cornwallis entered the State of Virginia Steuben had charge of the State arsenal at the Point of Fork, on the James River, above Richmond, and of the military stores which had been collected there. The post was guarded by Steuben with six hundred newly-levied troops. Cornwallis, learning his situation, detached Simcoe against him with five hundred regulars. Tarleton, with two hun- dred and fifty horse, was also ordered to proceed to Char- lotteville, and thence to join Simcoe at the Point of Fork. This double movement rendered Steuben's situation very perilous. It was useless to attempt to defend the place against such odds, and even the utmost dispatch could hardly promise a successful retreat. Still the baron set to 14 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. work with his accustomed energy. lie transported the stores to the soutli side of the river witii such celerity that, when Simcoe appeared on the 3d of June, only thirty of the rear-guard remained, who were captured. The river was deep and unfordable, and as Steuben had taken the precaution to secure all the boats, the main object of the British was defeated. The autumn of this year was signalized by the march of the combined French and American armies to Virginia, and the measures which led to the capitulation of Corn- wallis on the 18th of October. In the operations before Yorktown Baron Steuben had a full and lioiioi'able share. Washington respected his indefatigable exertions, and soothed him under the disappointments he had suffered by conferring upon him a command in the regular line. It was during the baron's tour of duty in the trenches that the negotiations for surrender commenced. At the reliev- ing hour next morning Lafixyette approached with his division. The baron refused to be relieved, itssigiiing as a reason the etiquette in Europe, where the officer who re- ceives the overtures remains on his post till the capitula- tion is signed or broken. The uiarquis applied to the com- mander-in-chief, but Steuben with his troops remained in the trenches till the British flag was struck. He returned with the main army to the North, and continued at head- quarters till the close of the war, occupied in the discharge of his duties as inspector-general. On the day that Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief, he wrote to Steuben the following letter : "Annapolis, 2.3d December, 17S2. " Mv Dear Barox. "Although I have taken frequent opportunitiM, in public ami in private, of acknowledging your great zeal, attention, and abilities in performing the duties of your office, yet I wish to make use of this last moment of my public life to signify, in the strongest terms, my entire approbation of your conduct, and to express my sense of the ob- ligations the public is under to you for your faithful and meritorious services. "I beg ynu will be convinced, my dear sir, that I should rejoice if it should ever be in my power to serve you more essentially than by expressions of regard and affection ; but, in the mean time, I am persuaded you will not be displeased with this farewell token of my sincere friendship and esteem for you. " This is the last letter I shall write while I continue in the service of my country. The hour of my resignation is fixed at twelve to-day, after which I shall become a private citizen on the banks of the Poto- mac, where I shall be glad to embrace you, and testify the esteem and consideration with which " I am, my dear Baron, etc., "Geurgk \Vasii£.noto.n." PRIVATE LIFE AND LAST DAYS OF STEUBEN. Gen. Lincoln having resigned his place at the head of the war department. Baron Steuben and Gen. Knox were the prominent candidates for the office of secretary of war. The objection to the former, and it proved to be a deci.sive one, rested in the fact that he was a foreigner. Of his qualifications for the oflSce there can be no reasonable doubt. In March, 1784, he submitted to Washington a plan for establishing a Continental legion, and training the militia in time of peace, which the latter returned with his entire approval. For seven years after the close of the war Baron Steu- ben was occupied i[i ineffectual attempts to obtain from Congress the promised recompense for his services. Con- gress never ex])rcssly denied the justice of liis claim, but the poverty of the country at first induced delay, and in succeeding sessions the matter was crowded out by a nmlii- plicity of other duties and responsibilities. He at hist col- lected a number of papers and documents bearing u])(m his claim, and submitted his statements and accompanying proofs to Mr. Jay, Mr. Livingston, Col. Hamilton, and others, all of whom declared the evidence to be satisfactory and the demand just. It was not until after the settlc'incnt of the Federal Constitution that the urgent recommendation of the President and the exertions of Hamilton procured for him tardy and iinperfoct justice. On the4th of Juik', 17!M), Congress pa.ssed an act granting to the veteran a life-annuity of two thousand five hundred dollars. Individual Slates had already shown their sense of his ill-rei(uited services by complimentary resolutions and gifts of land. Virginia and New Jersey had each given him a small tract, and the As- sembly of New York, by a vote datiid May 5, 1786, made over to him one-quarter of a township, equal to sixteen thousand acres, out of the territory recently purchased of the Oneida Indians. The site .selected was in the immedi- ate vicinity of Utica, where he cau.sed a log house to be erected as the home of his declining years. This was his baronial estate and castle, in the midst of a wilderness stretching far away in unbroken solitude on every hand. He had no kindred in this country, and his family consisted only of dependents and friends, whom his various acts of kindness had caused to cling to him with all the affection of children for an aged parent. He distributed nearly a tenth part of the tract to his aides and servants, and the rest of the land was let on easy terras to twenty or thirty ten- ants. About sixty acres were cleared in front of the house, and afforded him wheat and nourishment for a small stock of cattle. As the surrounding country was but thinly settled, the want of society led him to pass a portion of each winter in the city of New York. He was never perfectly a master of the English language, though he made few mistakes in speaking, except as a matter of jest. Once, when dining with the commander-in-chief, Mrs. Washington asked him what amusements he had now that the business of his office was less pressing. " I read and play chess, my lady," said the baron, "and yesterday I was invited to go a-fishing. It was understood to be a very fine amu.sement. I sat in the boat two hours, though it was very warm, and caught two fish." " Of what kind, baron ?" asked the lady. " Indeed, I do not recollect perfectly, but one of them was a whale." " A whale, baron, in the North River !" " Yes, on my word, a very fine whale, as that gentleman ' informed me," .said the baron, turning to the gentleman who had been his companion in fishing. '■ Did you not tell me it was a whale, major ?" " An eel, baron," replied the major, courteously. " I beg your pardon, my lady," returned the baron ; " but the geotleman certainly called it a whale. It is, how- HISTORY OV STKUHKN COUNTY, NKW YORK. ir. ovor, nfliltlo (•(in.scqncnco. T sliiiU iiliiimldii llu^ liiidr, iiol- witlisliiiiiliii^' i\n' lino iiiiiiisi'iiu'iil. it allonlM." At liisi liiiusc, iiciir lUicii, llw^ hiuvn liiiil litllc sdiiioty, cxc(^|)t fViiiTi tlio iiii,ssiiii4 vi.sit (if :i slraiiL;(M- or u IVioiicl. A young iiii\n naincil Miillipin, wlioso litcniiy jxiwors mid destitute situation, wlnn a boy, liad attrnetod \m notice, rosidod witli liirn, and read lo liiiii in his solitary iiours. His I'avoriti- aidc's-di'-cani|i, Waliicr and North, also spent much time at his liouse, and their alleetionate attention eontinued to eheer him till the elosu of lii'e. His Tarm and garden all'Drih'd him some pastime, but it was chiefly IVom a well-stored library that he derived relief from the weari- ness of a situation that harmonized ill with the active duties of his former life. The comlbrls of religion and the pmiisal of the iSeriplures ]ire|)ared liini to nieel his enil with eoni- poHuro and humble trust. Tliough tile .sedentary lile ]){■ I'ollowid was unfavorable to his health, no failure of mind lu- body was apparent till November, 17IM. On ihe^ritb of (bat nionlli, berelnrncd in tlio evening to his (diainbcr in bis usnai b<'allh, but was shortly after struek with paralysis, and partly deprived of s|ieecli. Th(' nearest physieian was called, t bough the ease was imuii'dialcly seen to bc^ bopcli'ss. lie dieclaware, and Sus- (|uehanna Rivers, were in subjection to the Kive Nations, and ncknowledged it by paying them tiilmte.' The l''rencli bislm-ians of ('anada, both ancient and modern, agree that the more nortbern Iniliiins W(tre driven fiir back lo the West and Northwest by the nnirlial prowess of the confederates. "The [lo-de-no-san iK^e oecu|iied our precise territory, and their (iouiieil-lin'S burned continually from thi! llnilson to the Niagara. Our old fnrests have rung witli their war- sliouts, and bei^n enlivc'iicd with their festivals of peace. In their pidgressive course tlii^ had stretched round half the republic, and rt^ndered tJieir names a terror nearly from ocean to ocean, when the advent ol" the Saxtui race arrested their cartMU-, and pn'pared the way for the final extinguish- ment of tlie lirt;s id' the (;onfcderacy."|- The Five Nations have bi^i'ii calliMl by some the " Romans of tlio W(!stcrn World." 'I'heir warriors, in tlio prime of the Confederacy, were noted for their valiu' and their far- extended cotKjucsts. " At one period," says Schoolcraft, " wo hear the sound of their war-cry along tlio Straits of St. Mary's and at th(! foot of Lako Superior ; at anotht^r, "(■ LetterH on I he 1 101(11 N'oilh Aliierieiin liev lew. 16 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. under the walls of Quebec, where they finally defeat the Hurons under the eyes of the French. They put out the fires of the Gahkas and Eries. They eradicated the Sus- quehannocks. They placed the Lanappcs, the Nanticokes, and Muncees under the }'oke of subjection. They put the Metoacs and Manhattans under tribute. They spread the terror of their name all over New England. They trav- ersed the whole length of the Appalachian chain, and dascended like the enraged yagisho and megalonyx on the Cherokees and Catawbas. Smith encountered their war- riors in the settlement of Virginia and La Salle on the dis- covery of the Illinois."* Such had become the Iroquois — the conquerors and terror of all the surrounding tribes — b}' the force of their energy and by the principle of confederation. The French computed the number of their warriors, in 1660, at between two and three thousand, and a later census, taken by an Engli.sh agent, confirmed the statement. Their geographi- cal position made them the umpires in the contest of the French for dominion in the West. Their political impor- tance was enhanced by their conquests. " Not only did they claim some supremacy in northern New England, as far as the Kennabeck, and in the south, as far as New Haven, and were acknowledged as ab.solute lords over the conquered Lanappe ; the peninsula of Upper Canada was their hunting-gi'ound by right of war ; they had extermi- nated the Eries and Andasties, both tribes of their own family, one dwelling on the soulheastern shore of Lake Erie, the other on the head-waters of the Ohio ; they had triumphantly invaded the tribes of the West as far as Illi- nois ; their warriors had reached the soil of Kentucky and Western Virginia; and England, to whose alliance they steadily inclined, availed herself of their treaties to encroach on the empire of France in America."")" Precisely at what period the confederacy between the tribes was formed is not known. Schoolcraft thinks it was at a comparatively recent date, probably early in the fifteenth century. Mr. Webster, the Onondaga interpreter, says this great league of confederation was arrived at about two gen- erations before the whites became traders with the Indians. Mr. Clark has a different opinion. From the permanency of their institutions, the intricacy of their civil affiiirs, the stability of their religious beliefs, and the uniformity of their pagan ceremonies, differing from other Indians in important particulars, he is inclined to the belief that their federative existence must have had a much longer duration. All their traditions agree that the union was effected on the banks of Onondaga Lake, where the village of Liverpool is now situated. It is well known that these tribes attributed the orisrin o of their confederacy, as well as most of their chief national blessings, to the supernatural interposition of Ta-oun-ya- wat-ha, the deity who presided over streams and fisheries. A long time ago this deity came down from his place in the clouds to teach them how to cultivate the soil, and to be united, happy, and pro.sperous. While he was living among them — having thrown aside his divine character and as- ■» Schoolcraft's Notes. f Bancroft, History United Slates. sumed the name of Hi-a-wat-ha, a very wise man — there was an alarm caused by the sudden approach of a ferocious band of warriors from north of the great lakes. Many had been slain, and ultimate destruction seemed to be the con- sequence either of bold resistance or of quiet submission to the enemy. At this trying moment Hi-a-wat-ha was sought for advice, and no statesman of to-day could have given better counsel in as few words. ^-Become a united people and you will conquer your enemies. Dispatch runners in all directions and notify the chiefs of a grand council to be held on the banks of tlie Oh-nen-ta-ha (Onondaga Lake). I shall sit in council with you." The council-fires had been kindled three days, but the venerable Hi-a-wat-ha had not made his appearance. On approaching his cabin, he was found in a melancholy state of mind. The old man told them he had evil forebodings, and that he had concluded not to attend the Great Council. But the chiefs had de- termined not to deliberate in council without the presence of Hi-a-wat-ha, and he was finally prevailed upon to go, accompanied by his darling child, an only daughter, twelve years of age. On the approach of the venerable wise man, a general shout of joy resounded through the assembled host, and every demonstration of respect was paid to his presence. As he lauded and was passing up the steep bank towards the council ground, a loud sound was heard like a rushing, mighty wind. All eyes were instantly turned upwards, and a dark spot was seen rapidly descending from on high among the clouds. It grew larger and larger as it neared the earth, and was descending with fearful velocity into their midst. The utmost confusion prevailed throughout the assembled multitude, and all but the venerable Hi-a- wat-ha sought safety by flight. He gravely uncovered his silvered head, and besought his daughter to await the ap- proaching danger with becoming resignation, at the same time reminding her of the great folly and impropriety of attempting to prevent or obstruct the designs or wishes of the Great Spirit. No sooner had his resolution become fixed and his last words uttered, than an immense bird, with a long and pointed beak and widespread wings, came down with a mighty swoop and crushed the beautiful girl to the earth. His darling daughter has been killed before his eyes in a marvelous manner, and her destroyer has perished with her. It was found on examination that the creature in its descent had completely buried its beak and neck up to its body in the ground. It was covered with a beautiful plumage of snow white, and every warrior as he advanced plucked a plume from this singular bird, with which to adorn his crown, and from this incident the braves of the Confederate Nation forever after made choice of the plumes of the white heron as their most appropriate mili- tary ornament while on the war-path. In despair and dejection Hi-a-wat-ha remained three days and nights prostrated on his face on the ground, and while every one participated in his afflictions, no one seemed in- clined to approach or distract his entranced state, and the Indians, almost despairing of a council, were about to de- part ; but a few of the leading chiefs consulted together, and resolved that nothing should be attempted without the voice of the wise man, and a suitable person was thereupon HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTy, NEW YORK. 17 dispatched to see if lie breathed. Finding that lie lived, Ho-sec-noke was directed to arouse him by his merry heart, to whisper kind words in his ear, and call him from his reverie. After much ceremony and persuasion, he recovered so far as to converse, and after several messages had passed between the assembled chiefs and himself, he arose and desired food. He was afterwards conducted to the presence of the council, when all eyes were turned towards the ouly man who could with precision foretell their future destiny. Various schemes were proposed to repel the enemy. Hi-a- wat-ha listened in silence till the speeches of all were con- cluded. He then spoke. After briefly alluding to his own calamity, he referred to the threatened invasion, and pro- posed that they should reflect for a day on the speeches that had been made. After the expiration of the time, they again met, when the wise man thus addressed them : " Friends and Brothers : You have come, many of you, a great distance from your homes ; you have convened for one common purpose, to promote one common interest, and that is to provide for our common safety. To oppose these liordes of northern foes by tribes, singly and alone, would prove our certain destruction. We can make no progre.ss in that way ; we must unite ourselves into one common band of brothers. Our warriors united would surely repel these rude invaders, and drive them from our borders. Let tiiis be done and we are safe. " You, the Mohawks, sitting under the shadow of the 'Great Tree,' whose roots sink deep into the earth, and whose branches spread over a vast country, shall be the first nation, because you are warlike and mighty. " You, Oneidas, a people who recline your bodies against the ' Everlasting Stone,' that cannot be moved, shall be the second nation, because you give wise counsel. " Y'ou, Onondagas, who have your habitation at the ' Great jMountain,' and are overshadowed by its crags, shall be the third nation, because you are greatly gifled in speech and mighty in war. " You, Cayugas, a people whose habitation is the ' Dark Forest,' and whose liome is everywhere, shall be the fourth nation, because of your superior cunning in hunting. " And you, Senecas, a people who live in the open country, and possess much wisdom, .shall be the fifth nation, because you understand better the art of raising corn and beans, and making' cabins. " You five great and powerful nations must unite and have but one common interest, and no foe shall be able to disturb or subdue you." Immediately upon this was formed the celebrated league of the Five Nations. Such was the name given them by the English. The French called them the Iroquois, the Dutch name for them was Maquas, wliile they called them- selves Mingoes; all meaning "united people." They were known to the English as the Five Nations till the adoption of the Tuscaroras, in 1712, after which they were called the Six Nations. The Onondagas occupied the central position in the " Long House," — a term by which they denoted their pos- sessions from the Hudson to the Lakes. They kept the sacred council-fires at Onondaga, and the key of the council- house, where all the chief councils of the Five Nations were 3 held. The Mohawks held the east door, and the Senecas the west door. The confederacy was governed by heredi- tary chiefs, whose claims were subjected to the decisions of a national council. Thus the aristocratic principle was brought into subjection to the democratic. When the hereditary cliief demanded office, if found unworthy, he must give place to the next in order. In council they were a pure republic, the veto of one chief being suflicient to defeat a measure.* Cach canton or tribe was independent; its quota of men was freely voted in war, or refused, with- out complaint from other cantons. Thus was guaranteed to each tribe its independence and security, and to each warrior his equal lights, while general power was conceded to the confederacy in all national matters. Canassatcgo, one of the chiefs, said to the Commissioners of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland : " Our wise forefathers established union and amity between the Five Nations. This has made us formidable. This has given us great weight and authority with our neighboring nations. We arc a power- ful confederacy, and by observing the same methods our forefathers have taken you will acquire fresh strength and power ; therefore I counsel you, whatever befalls you, never fall out with one another." At the formation of the confederacy, the famous A-TO- TAR-HO presided : unequaled in war and arts, his fame had spread abroad and exalted the Onondaga tribe to a pre-em- inent position. His name was, "like that of King Arthur of the Round Table, or those of the Paladins of Charle- magne, used as an exemplar of glory and honor,"* and be- came the title of ofiico of the presiding chief. The right of the Onondagas to furnish a presiding oflicer for the league was conceded, and is still po.ssessed by them. To the Mo- hawks was awarded the Te-ka-ra-ho-ga, or chief war-captain. The great council has always consisted of six members, each nation having one except the Senecas, who were allowed two, in consideration of their great numerical strength. Its powers were merely advisory, aiming to arrive at harmonious results by interchange of opinion without formal vote. No penalties could be inflicted or power exerted beyond that of opinion. A unanimous decision was first required. This once obtained, its aufhority was absolute ; each tribe acting through its representative, who was first informed as to its views. These decisions were, in fact, clothed with all the power of the most popular expression of the whole confederacy. " A government like this gave to the orator, who by his eloquence could sway his people, a vast influence ; and we find that many men of note have appeared among them, since they came in contact with more learned races of men, who were abundantly qualified to conduct their negotia- tions, and have reflected as much renown on their nation as their bravest warriors."f De Witt Clinton says of the speech of Garangula to the French general, De la Barre, " I believe it impossible to find in all the effusions of an- cient or modern oratory a speech more appropriate or con- vincing. Under the veil of respectful profession it conveys the most biting irony, and while it abounds with rich and splendid imagery, it contains the most solid reasoning. I place it in the same rank with the celebrated speech of Logan." * Schoolcraft. f Hon. George Geddes. 18 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. The unwritten law of this wonderful people had a power unequalcd by any statutes ever recorded in books. A single instance of its power will be sufficient. It is given by Hon. George Geddes, on the authority of Mr. Webster, who lived many years among the Onondagas, and had a woman of that tribe for a wife. A young man of the Cayugas came to the Onondagas and claimed their hospitality. He lived among them two years, attaching himself to Webster particularly. He ap- peared contented and happy, " always foremost in the chase , most active in the dance, and loudest in the song." Man- tinoah was his name. One morning ho said to his friend, " I have a vow to perform. My nation and my friends know that Mantinoah will be true. My friend, I wi.sh you to go with me." Webster consented. After a pleasant journey of a few days, enlivened with fishing and hunting, they came in the afternoon to a place that Mantinoah said was near his village, and where he wished to invoke the Great Spirit. After a repast, and a pipe had been smoked, Mantinoah said, " Two winters have gone since in my vil- lage, in the fury of anger, I slew my bosom friend and adopted brother. The chief declared me guilty of my brother's blood, and I must die. My execution was de- ferred for two full years, during whi;;h time I was con- demned to banishment. I vowed to return. It was then I sought your nation ; it was thus I won your friendship. The nearest in blood to him I slew, according to our cus- toms, is the avenger. The time expires when the sun sinks behind the topmost boughs of the trees. I am ready. My friend, we have had many a cheerful sport together ; our joys have been many ; our griefs have been few ; look not sad now. When you return to the Onondagas, tell them that Mantinoah died like a true brave of the Ca- yugas ; tell them that he trembled not at the approach of death, like the coward pale-face, nor shed tears like a woman. My friend, take my belt, my knife, my hunting- pouch, my horn, my rifle, as tokens of my friendship. Soon the avenger will come ; the Great Spirit calls ; Manti- noah fears not death ; farewe Vainly Webster urged him to escape. A .short period of silence, and a yell is heard. Mantinoah responds. The avenger appears and takes the hand of his former friend, now his victim. Mu- tual salutations follow, with expressions of regret made by the executioner, but none by the doomed. The tomahawk gleams in the air ; not a muscle moves, nor does the cheek of Mantinoah blanch ; folding his arms on his breast, he receives the blow. As if by magic a host appears, the song of death is sung, and the solemn dance or death-march is performed. Webster is invited to the village, where he is hospitably entertained, and when ready to return is accompanied by a party of Cayugas to his home. Thus powerful was the unwritten law of the Iroquois. It is not easy for us to understand this people, for we know but little of their peculiar springs of action. They had their religion, which the white people who came among them called their superstition. If superstition it be, it was nevertheless the principle that governed them. And did we but understand their ideas fully, we should know by what standard to judge them. Whoever has learned much of their history knows that, in their savage state, woman, made prisoner, was never indelicately approached by him who, without pity, would brain her infant child. He tor- tured and killed his prisoners, if he did not adopt them into his family, but he never enslaved or outraged women. What other nation can say this with truth ?* Mr. Schoolcraft says that, to understand the government of the Iroquois and learn how it acquired its power and fame, it is necessary to examine their law of descent. Each canton was divided into distinct clans, each of which was distinguished by the name and device of some quadruped, bird, or other object in the animal kingdom. The clans, or original families, were eight, distinguished respectively by the totems of the wolf, the bear, the turtle, the deer, the beaver, the falcon, the crane, and the plover. The law of marriage required them to marry into families or clans whose totem was different from their own. A wolf or tur- tle male could not marry a wolf or turtle female. This in- terdict of consanguinity preserved the purity of the blood, while it enlarged and strengthened the tie of relationship between the clans. Owing to the limitation of descent to the line of the female, a chieftain's son could not succeed him in office, but in case of his death he would be suc- ceeded by his brother, or failing this, by the son of his sis- ter, or by some direct or remote descendant of the maternal line. The man who, by inheritance, was entitled to the office of chieftainship was obliged, on arriving at the proper age, to submit his right to a council of the whole canton. Incapacity was always without exception recognized as a valid objection to approval. Each canton had its principal chiefs and various as.sistant chiefs, who were civil officers. The war-chiefs derived their consequence from their success in war ; they rose up as the exigencies of the nation demanded, and sustained their ca- pacity. All males were bound to render military services. Disgrace was the penalty of failure. Thus the ranks were always full, and all war-parties consisted of volunteers. Each warrior supplied and carried his own arms and pro- visions. The enlistment consisted in simply joining the war-dance. The government was in fact a pure democracy, controlled by its martial spirit. The Iroquois have been charged with making their women beasts of burden, while they lived lives of indo- lence. The division of labor between the sexes, it is true, differed widely from ours. To the warrior was assigned the duty of hunting food and protecting their hunting- grounds from the inroads of the enemy. His life was daily in his hands, and such were the hazards he encountered that there always were more women than men in the tribes. The men spent long, dreary seasons in hunting and taking furs, which, when brought home, became the property of their wives, who sold them to the traders, and with the avails made such provision for the rest of the family as they could, the men .standing silently by and not uttering a word. The old men. Women, and boys cultivated the little patch of corn and gathered the fuel. Both in the social and national systems, the women had great power and influence. The matrons sat in council, and had a right to propose a cessa- tion of arms. There was a male functionary, an acknowl- edged orator, whose duty it was to speak for the women. * Hon. George Geddes. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 19 Schoolcraft describes the social character of the Indian thus : " In the lodge he is a mild, considerate man, of the non-interfering and non-scolding species. He may, indeed, be looked upon rather as the guest of his wife, than what he is most unjustly represented to be, her tyrant, and he is often only known as the lord of the lodge by the attention and respect she shows to him. He is a man of few words. If her temper is ruffled, he smiles. If he is displeased he walks away. It is a province in which his actions acknowl- edge her right to rule, and it is one in which his pride and manliness have exalted him above the folly of altercation." The wife owned all the property ; arms only belonged to the husband. The family were hers, and when war or the chase had made the father a victim, she, who had always been at its head, kept it unbroken. With the Iroquois war was the business of life, and the pursuit of an enemy on the war-path, or hunting the wild beasts of the forests, were the only employments that men could engage in with- out subjecting themselves to the loss of rank, and the liability of being called women. The central tribe was the seat of government, and here all the general councils were held and the policy of the nation settled. The first we know of these people, they here swayed the sceptre of an empire twelve hundred miles long and eight hundred wide. The means of free and rapid transportation of armies was to these savages the same ad- vantage that it is to the most artificial state of society. Around the shores of Onondaga Lake the councils deliber- ated, and when once the plan of the campaign was arranged, the canoes were afloat, and soon, far down the St. Lawrence, the Adirondack heard the war-whoop of the " Men of the Mountains.'* Or on the banks of Georgian Bay the trem- bling Huron felt the weight of their power. Or, launching their barks on the waters of the Susquehanna, .soon on the shores of Chesapeake Bay they dictated terms to their ene- mies. Fort Hill, in South Carolina, afterwards the resi- dence of John C. Calhoun, was one of their stations, from which they waged inveterate war upon the Catawbas and Cherokees. The Iroquois nation could bring to battle more than two thousand warriors of their own blood, besides levies of the tribes they had subjected. Their policy in regard to conquered enemies was like that of ancient Home ; they were converted into allies rather than slaves, and having been fairly conquered in war after a brave resistance, they were counted as younger brothers, worthy to fight by the side of their conquerors and share their glory.f " They reduced war to a science, and all their movements were directed by system and policy. They never attacked a hostile country till they had sent out spies to explore and designate its vulnerable points, and when they encamped they ob.served the greatest circumspection to guard against surprise. Whatever superiority of force they might have, they never neglected the use of stratagem, employing all the crafty wiles of the Carthaginians. To produce death by the most protracted suffering was sanctioned among them by general immemorial usage."J The Europeans, instead of teaching mercy to these men, encouraged and fostered the worst points in their characters. *■ Meaning of the word "Onondaga." ■j" Hun. George Geddes. t De Witt Clinton. and by every temptation they were led to become even more cruel, as they became demoralized and vicious by intercourse with the more learned but less principled " pale-face." Mas- sachusetts first gave twelve, then forty, and finally one hun- dred pounds for a scalp. The Colonial Legislature of New York, in 1745, passed an act for giving a reward for scalps. In 1716, a governor of the colony not only paid for two scalps of Frenchmen in money and fine clothes, but thanked the three Indians that brought them to Albany, and prom- ised " always to remember this act of friendship." Amer- ican scalps were received and paid for in English money by the ofiicer in command at Maiden, in the war of 1812. CHAPTER II L INDIANS OF THE SUSQUEHANNA VALLET. The Andastes — Conquest of the Andastes by the Iroquois — Tioga, the Southern Door to the Confederacy — The Iroquois Viceroy — Conquest of the Delawares — Colonization of Vagabond Indians. The Andastes as early as 1G20 were inhabitants of the Susquehanna Valley. Gallatin erroneously places them on the Allegany, and Bancroft and others have followed the error. But the later researches of Mr. Shea have shown the identity of the Andastes with the Susquehannocks of the English and the Minquas of the Dutch. § In the year 1750 a Cayuga chief informed David Zeis- berger that a strange tribe of Indians, whom he called Tehotaehse (so spelled in German), but which were neither Iroquois nor Delawares, formerly inhabited the valley of the Susquehanna, and were driven out by the Cayugas. In a letter written by Joseph Brant, the famous Mohawk chief, to Timothy Pickering, relative to the Iroquois claim to the northern part of Pennsylvania, dated at Niagara, Dec. 30, 1791, he says, " The whole Five Nations have an equal right one with another, the country having been obtained by their joint exertions in war with a powerful nation for- merly living southward of Buffalo Creek, called Eries, and another na/ion then living at Tioga Point ; so that by our successes all the country between that and the ISIississippi became the joint property of the Five Nations. All other nations inhabiting this great tract of country were allowed to settle by the Five Nations." That the Andastes are referred to in both these quotations there can hardly be a doubt. This was one of the most populous and powerful of all the Algonquin tribes. Their villages were thickly planted from Tioga to Virginia. At Sheshequin and Wysox, at Wyalusing (Gohoutato) and at Melioopany (Onochasae), the names of their towns have been preserved. They appear to have been the most warlike of all the Eastern nations, having carried their conquests over the tribes of New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. For more than three- fourths of a century they waged almost an unceasing war with the Iroquois, by which the whole valley of the Sus- quehanna " was stained with blood." The following para- graphs from Dr. Egle's " History of Pennsylvania," give a full account of these conflicts : ^ Parkman's Jesuits in North America, p. 46, note. 20 HISTOllY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. "Prior to l(iOO, Ra)'s the 'Relation de la Nouvelle France,' the Susquehannocks and the Mohawks came into collision, and the former nearly exterminated their enemy in a war which lasted ten years. In 1608, Captain Smith, in exploring the Chesapeake and its tribiitaties, met a party of these Susc|nehannocks, as he calls them, and he states that they are still at war with the Mohawks. "They were friendly to the Dutch, who were exploring the mouth of the Delaware. When the Swedes came, in 1638, they renewed the friendly intercourse begun by the Dutch. Southward, also, they carried the terror of their arms, and from 163-4 to 1644 they waged war on the Yaomacoes, the Piscataways, and Panexents, and were so troublesome that in 1642 Governor Calvert, by proclamation, declared them public enemies. "When the Hurons, in 1647, began to sink under the fearful blows dealt by the Five Nations, the Susquehan- nas sent an embassy to offer them aid against the com- mon enemy. Nor was the offer one of little value, for the Susquehannas could put into the field thirteen hundred warriors, trained to the use of firearms and European modes of war by three Swedish soldiers whom they had obtained to instruct them." Speaking of this, tlie historian of Bradford Co., Pa., Rev. David Craft, says : " This is doubtless the era of the fortifications on Spanish Hill and at the mouth of Sugar Creek. These fortifications bear unmistakable evidence of having been constructed under the supervision of white people, and differ materially from the palisaded inclosures of Indian construction. The origin and objects of these defenses must always be in some measure matters of con- jecture ; but all the traditions relating to Spanish Hill at- tribute the defenses to white men long before the settlement of the whites, and their object to afford resistance to the Iroquois. And about this time the Andastcs were waging war in good earnest with the Five Nations, in which the Cayugas were so hard pressed that some of them retreated across Lake Ontario into Canada, and the Senecas were kept in snch alarm that they no longer ventured to carry their peltries to New York except in caravans guarded by an escort." Later, the power of the Susquehannas seems to have been on the wane, and they to have abandoned their towns above Wyoming about 1650. They were so hard pressed by their enemies that the Legislature of Maryland, in 1661, authorized the Governor to aid them with the provincial forces. In 1662, about eight hundred Iroquois set out to capture a fort of the Andastes, situated about fifty miles from the mouth of the Susquehanna. On reaching the fort it was found to be so well defended as to render an assault impracticable, when the Iroquois had recourse to a stratagem. They sent a party of twenty-five men to settle a peace and obtain provisions for their return. The Sus- quehannas admitted them, built high scaffolds visible from without, on which they tortured the Iroquois messengers to death in the .sight of their countrymen, who thereupon decamped in miserable discomfiture, pursued by the victo- rious Aj]dastos . The war between them at length degen- erated into one of mutual inroads, in which the Anda.«tes, greatly reduced by pestilence, gradually melted away before the superior numbers of their enemies, so that in 1672 they could number only three hundred warriors. In 1675, according to the "Relations In^dites" and Colden, the tribe was completely overthrown ; but unfor- tunately, say these authorities, we have no details whatever as to the forces which effected it or the time and manner of their defeat. It is evident from all that we know of the fierce war of extermination waged upon them by the Iro- quois, that this powerful enemy was their final destroyer. Too proud to submit as vassals to the Iroquois and too weak to contend against them, the remnant of them for- sook the Susquehanna and took up a position on the western borders of Maryland, where for many years they kept up a terrible border war with the whites. Some of them con- tinued to exist in the central part of the State under the name of Conestogas for nearly a century after, when they were utterly destroyed by the Paxton Boys in 1763. The Iroquois, who held the rule over the Susquehanna Valley for more than a century, were the only Indian na- tions who possessed anything approaching the form of civil government. By virtue of their superior civil and military organization, they soon became the dominant power among the aborigines, and, after the conquest of the Andastes, carried their arms in triumph on the south to the Gulf and on the west to the Mississippi. Tioga (present Athens, Pa.) was made the southern en- trance to the confederacy, at which a sachem was stationed, without whose con.sent no one, neither Indian nor white man, was allowed to enter the territory of the Iroquois. At Shamokin (present Sunbury) the great council had a viceroy, a Cayuga sachem, who ruled their dependencies in the South. Along the Delaware River, and extending across New Jersey, were the Lenni Lenape, or Delawares, divided into three tribes, — the Turtles, orUnamis, on the south, the Tur- keys, or Unalachtgos, in the centre, and the Wolves, or Min- sis, on the north. The latter had their villages in the Minisink country, on the head-waters of the Delaware, and were generally called by the English Mon.seys. By conquest, as was claimed by the Iroquois, by treachery, as was alleged bv the Delawares, the former had reduced the latter to the condition of va.ssals, deprived them of the right of warriors, and compelled them to bear the taunt and assume the garb of women. They were allowed neither to sell lands, engage in war, nor make treaties, unless by the consent of their domineering masters. Mr. Craft, with his usual discrimi- nation, has pointed out the fact that it was owing quite as much to this condition of complete subjugation of his In- dian neighbors as to the peaceable character of his Quaker policy, that the province of Penn was so long exempt from the bloody wars and massacres which form so dark a page in our colonial history.* The Indians instinctively withdraw from the presence of civilization. This peculiarity of Indian character completely frustrated the benevolent plan of William Penn, in which he designed that his white and red brethren should dwell together in the same community and be governed by the same laws. It was found to be equally necessary in the * History of Bradford County, p. 11. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 21 province, as it had been in tlie other colonics, that the In- dian must retire be_yond the white settlements, to whose laws and customs he could not conform and whose restraints he could not endure. As the Iroquois from time to time sold the land of their dependencies to the whites, they opened the vallej' of the Susquehanna as an asylum to which the people whom they had deprived of their ancestral homes, and over whom they exercised tlie right of protection as well as command, might resort. By this policy families of different nationalities were brought into the same village and not unfrequently were occupants of the same wigwam, so that it was no uncommon thing to find Nanticok cs, Mo- hicans, Mon.seys, and Wampanoags living together, without any tribal distinction whatever. This gave rise to the term " vagabond Indians," so appropriately applied to mixed and transient settlements of the fragments of different disinte- grated tribes in the Susquehanna valley, and particularly within the limits of the county of Steuben. Says Rev. Mr. Craft : " Tioga, or, as it is more frequently written in the Pennsylvania records, ' Diahoga,' from its important situation in the Iroquois territory, was probably occupied as a town immediately after the conquest; but from there to Shamokin the country was almost entirely unoccupied for a hundred years, when it was colonized by the refugees whose possessions had been sold to the whites.'' The Iroquois and Delawares have each a tradition of an early eastward emigration from regions west of the Missis- sippi to the places where they were fijund by the Europeans. The period of our later Indian history finds that wave re- turning towards the setting sun. It is, therefore, a period of commotion among tribes easily excited, of removal and change among a people who, in the most quiet times, abandoned the places of their habitation for the most trivial reasons. Mohicans and Wampanoags from Southeastern New York and New England, Delawares from New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania, Nanticoke s. Tuscaroras, and Shaw- nees from the South, pushed from their ancient homes by the rapacity of the white man, were seeking new homes and fresh hunting-grounds, where they would henceforth be free from encroachment. To the Iroquois the native fugitives looked for defense from the grasping policy of the whites, and for counsel and permission as to where they should fix their future seats. It happened, therefore, that during this period this tide of western emigration was pushing up both branches of the Susquehanna, in order to pour itself upon the great plains between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi, only to be forced still farther West by the advancing tide of civilization. During the later por- tion of this period the •' vagabond Indians" probably occu- pied the few town sites which have been discovered' within the limits of Steuben County. It will throw some light upon this subject to consider .some of the Indian settle- ments which are well known to have existed in the adjacent valleys near the period of settlement by the whites. In the spring of 1750, Cammerhoff, a bishop of the Moravian Church, in company with the intrepid Zeis- berger, passed up the Susquehanna from Wyoming to Tioga, en route for Onondaga, in order to negotiate with the Great Council for the establishment of missions among the Iroquois. They were accompanied by a Cayuga chief and his family. When they reached the vicinity of Wyalu- sing, the remains of an old town were .still visible, which the Cayuga said was called " Go-hon-to-to," inhabited by a tribe speaking a strange language, neither Delaware nor Iroquois, called by the latter " Te-ho-toch-se" (Andastes), upon whom the Five Nations made war and wholly exter- minated them. For nearly a century this " blood-stained field" seems to have been abandoned as a habitation ; althoughbeingat the junction of two important trails, it may have been the temporary residence of wandering parties. In 1752,* Papunhauk, a Mousey chief of some note, from the Minisink country, with a number of families, emigrated to Wyalusing, and built a new town a little below the site of the old Gohontoto. It was probably abandoned during the French war.f On the Wysaukin plains a party of Shawanes stopped for a time, built their huts and planted their corn, but the number of the party and the time of their settlement and removal are unknown. The settlement was located nearly opposite the mouth of Towanda Creek. Cammerhoff and Zeisberger encamped here, after a fa- tiguing journey of fifteen miles up the rapid current of the Susquehanna, swollen by recent rains, and named the spot the " Garden of Roses," on account of the profusion of wild roses which loaded the air with their fragrance. On the evening of Sept. 30, 1767, Zeisberger spent the night here in an empty Delaware hut, but, he adds, " no one lives here now." He calls the place the " Wisach." In August, 1748, the Nanticokes (tide-water people), almost the entire nation, abandoned their ancestral home on the eastern shore of Maryland, and moved northward, fol- lowing the course of the Susquehanna. They settled prin- cipally at "Shamunk" (Chemung) and " Zemuge" (Che- nango). In the course of this migration a party of them stopped for a time on the Towanda Flats. Opposite Tioga Point, on the west side of the river, was Queen Esther's town, which was probably built not far from 1770. It at- tracted attention during the Revolutionary war, because of the prominence acquired by the notorious woman whose name it bears. At the junction of the Chemung and Susquehanna Rivers was " Diahoga" (Tioga), the oldest, most populous and important Indian town in this whole region of country. It was the door into the territory proper of the Iroquois Confederacy. To it all the great trails centered. All persons who entered this territory except by this door or the Mohawk, were considered and treated as spies and enemies. Here was stationed a Cayuga sachem, who, in the figurative lan- guage of the nation, guarded this door of their Long House, and whoever entered their country must first ob- tain permission. It was the place of rendezvous for war- parties going out on their expeditions, and to this point prisoners were brought to be disposed of according to the customs of the League, either to be put to death with the most cruel tortures, or adopted into the family of some slain warrior, thenceforth to forget former home and kindred, and be received in all respects into the place of his former "■■■■ Pennsylvania Archives, iii. 7.3G. ■f Juurual of Moses Tatcmy and Isaac Ilill. 22 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. enemy. The population of this town was predominantly Iroquois, although in later times the inhabitants were con- siderably mixed. Weiser reached this town March 29, 1737. In his journal he say.s : " There are many Indians living here, partly Gaiukers (^Cayugas), partly Mahikanders (Mohicans). We went into several huts to get meat, but they had nothing, as they said, for themselves. The men were mostly absent hunting ; some of the old mothers asked us for bread. We returned to our quarters with a Mahik- ander, who directed his old gray-headed mother to cook a soup of Indian corn. She hung a large kettle of it over the fire, and also a smaller one with potash, and made them both boil briskly. What she was to do with the potash was a mystery to me, for I soon saw it was not for the pur- pose of washing, as some of the Indians are in the prac- tice of doing, by making a lye and washing tlieir foul and dirty clothes. For the skin of her body was not unlike the bark of a tree, from the dirt which had not been washed off fur a long time, and was quite dried in and cracked, and her finger-nails were like eagle's claws. She finally took the ash-kettle off the fire and put it aside until it had settled, and loft a clear liquor on top, which she carefully poured into the kettle of corn. I inquired of my companions why this was done, and they told me it was the practice of these and the Shawanos, when they had neither meat nor grease, to mix their food with lye prepared in this manner, which made it slippery and pleasant to eat. When the soup was thus prepared, the larger portion was given to us, and out of hunger I quietly eat a portion which was not of bad taste. The dirty cook and unclean vessels were more re- pulsive. . . . The Indians cat so much of this soup that they became sick." In 1743, this Indian settlement was visited by John Bartram, the celebrated English botanist, in company with Lewis Evans, Conrad Weiser, and Indian guides. They were on their way from Philadelphia to Onondaga and Os- wego. The Indian house, or house of the viceroy, at which they were welcomed by the beating of drums, after the manner of the English, is de.sciibed " as about thirty feet long, and the finest of any among them." The Indians cut long grass and spread it on the floor for their guests to sit upon. Several of them sat down and smoked their pipes, " one of which was six feet long, the head of stone, and the stem of a reed." After this they brought victuals in the usual manner.* The town of " Diahoga" continued, until the French war, inhabited partly by Mohicans and partly by Cayugas. During the French war, in which both the Delawares and the Iroquois were involved, it was the place of rendezvous for the forces which laid waste the whole northern frontier of Pennsylvania. Here Tee-dy-as-cung plotted and planned those expeditions by which he exacted the price in blood for the land on the forks of the Delaware, from which he had been so haughtily driven a few years before. For a time the town was temporarily abandoned. In 1758 it is reported, "All the houses in this town are in ruins ; no Indian lives there." After the treaty of Easton it was re- built, and in 1760 is spoken of as a flourishing town. *■ Observations, etc , by John Bartram, Loudon, 1751. CHAPTER IV. INDIAN OCCUPANCr OF STEUBEN COUNTY. Pouchot'a Map of 1758 — Indian Trails and Vill.ages — The Scnecas — The Canisteo Castle — Expedition of Sir William Johnson — Mon- tour and Brant — Treaty with the King of Canisteo — Battle be- tween the Canisteos and Senecas. The French explored this region from the west, prob- ably from Fort Niagara, a post which, throughout the border wars which raged occasionally till the close of the Revolu- tion, was the headquarters in the West. Near the close of the French war, the Conhocton and Canisteo Rivers were first made known to geographers in a map known as Pouchot's map, found in the " Paris Documents," a collec- tion of reports, etc., made by the French officers and others during colonial times in this country. Capt. Pouchot was a veteran engineer officer of the French army, stationed at Fort Niagara. He prepared, in 1758, from information re- ceived chiefly from the Indians, a map of the English and French possessions in North America, and transmitted it to the war minister at Paris. In doing so he warned the latter, that " the outlets which the English possess by way of the Mohawk River and Canisteo, will tempt them always to come and settle on the south shore of Lake Ontario. The country being very fine and fit for cultivation, they will make large settlements. Placing the Five Nations and the Delawares in their rear, they would be masters of them, and would attract other nations by their commerce." The Canisteo on this map is made to extend clear to the Susquehanna, the true outlet of which is given in the Chesapeake Bay. The map shows a pretty good idea of the country, and how wide and generally accurate was the geographical knowledge of the Indians. The French, too, had a special reason for studying the geography of the country thoroughly, and seizing upon all its most import- ant strategical points in order to circumvent the plans of the English colonists, and confine them to a narrow strip of country on the Atlantic coast. All the principal rivers leading into the interior and opening an avenue into the rich valleys south of the lakes, were looked upon as avenues for their rivals, and their situations were well understood and jealously guarded in the establishment of most of their military and trading posts. The Kanestio was well known at Fort Niagara, and is frequently alluded to in ofEcial correspondence. One of the great trails which traversed the Iroquois Confederacy led from the Genesee River to the head of the Canisteo, thence down that valley to the Susquehanna and to the head of Seneca Lake. The map indicates an Indian village on the site of the present white settlement of Canisteo, and an- other where Painted Post now stands. ... At that time the Conhocton flowed through a trackless wilderness. One solitary Indian trail passed along its banks, and was inter- sected by a north and south trail from the head of Crooked Lake. The chief Indian paths at that time ran from Oneida through Onondaga to the Seneca River, at Cayuga, thence to Canandaigua, Gcnesco, and to Fort Schlosser, on the Niagara River. From Geneseo a path ran south to the Allegany River, and thence north to the Canisteo, at the confluence of Bennett's Creek. At that time the territory HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 23 west of Crooked Lake was unexplored by the white man. In a map drawn by Guy Jolinson, in 1771, it is written, " Tliere are more lakes hereabouts, but they cannot be laid down with certainty." The Senecas were the original owners of these lands. Tiiey were looked upon in the confederacy as the " Western Door," through which all communications from the West must be made to the nation. Hence we find Sir William Jolinson addressing them as follows : " You have always been looked upon as the door of the Six Nations, where all news, especially from the westward and southward, must enter and go out." The principal village of the Senecas was near the Genesee River, about twenty miles from Iron- dequoit Bay. In 1770 the Senecas were the most numer- ous of the Six Nations ; they could number about one thousand fighting men. For a long time they resisted every application of the provincial governors for permission to build a fort at Irondequoit, in their country, but finally consented. In another chapter will be found the history of Gen. Sullivan's expedition into their country, in 1779, their disastrous defeat, and the destruction of their chief town, Little Beardstown, consisting of one hundred and fifty houses. This town was situated on the eastern side of the Genesee River, in a beautiful valley, which was covered with extensive corn-fields, which were all de.stroyed by the invading army. During the colonial period there was a noted settlement of Indians on the Canisteo, near the site of the present village of that name. At what time they settled there is uncertain, but it was many years before our Revolution and some time after the conquest of the Delawares by the Iroquois. The clan of Indians which lived there at the time when written history first alludes to them was of Delaware extraction, reduced to a low state of degradation. To them had joined themselves a few deserters from the British army, with a sprinkling of fugitive slaves, escaped convicts, and refugees from various Indian tribes, making altogether a class fitly designated by the great council at Onondaga as " stragglers from all nations." In 1762 two of these Canisteo brisrands murdered, some- where in the Seneca country, two Briti.sh subjects, Dutch traders from Albany, whose goods were confiscated by them, and probably carried to their village at Canisteo. Sir Wil- liam Johnson, the English governor on the Mohawk, made prompt requisition of the head men of the Iroquois league to have the murderers brought to justice. The chiefs made fair promi.ses, but the murderers managed to escape. Ne- gotiations on the subject continued through many months. Lieut. Guy Johnson, the aide to the English governor, who made formal complaint to the council at Onondaga, reported to his commander that, after stating the facts to the chiefs in solemn session, the chief sachem went through the cere- mony of plucking the thorn from their feet, and clearing their sight by wiping away the tears which must have been shed on the late melancholy occasion, which he declared gave their nation the ufmo.st concern. The matter was held under consideration for several days, Lieut. Johnson pressing his demand for the surrender of the murderers energetically. Finally, on the seventh day, an answer of the council was given by Teyawarunte, chief speaker of the Onondagas, to the effect that the confederacy ought not to be charged with a breach of I'riendly relations with the English on account of the acts of a pair of miscreants from a village like Canisteo, composed of stragglers from all nations. But as the murderers were under the jurisdic- tion of the Senecas he requested that Sir William Johnson should wait till they were heard from ; and if the Senecas, on due requisition, did not deliver up the offenders the other tribes would apprehend them. Lieut. Johnson accepted this reasonable answer, and the next day a Seneca Indian, then at Onondaga, was sent to convey to his nation the demand of the council for the sur- render of the murderers. We quote here the words of Judge McMaster, in his Centennial Address, delivered at Bath : " The upper nations received the summons of the chiefs and paid due outward respect to their demand, but after all the necks of our late fellow-citizens of the Second Assembly District did not with sufficient alacrity present themselves for the halter. The truth perhaps was, that the ' Genesee uncles' thought it a superfluity of justice to send two healthy warriors to the gallows as an equivalent for a firm of Dutch peddlers from Albany. But there was, fur- ther, a political question of no little consequence involved. While the Six Nations, as a people, maintained for a long time preceding the final overthrow of the French a stead- fast allegiance with the English, the western clans of the Senecas, on account of the proximity of Fort Niagara and the means thus afforded for French agents to intrigue with them, were strongly inclined to favor the latter ; and it was with no little exertion on the part of their brethren that they were prevented from openly taking up arms against the English. The fall of Quebec in 1759 of course put an end to all fears on that score. But the Genesee Senecas, with sympathizing regret for their vanquished friends, felt but a languid interest in the search for the Canisteo cul- prits. A more serious matter at that time was the pro- jected hostilities of the Western Ottawas and other distant nations again.st the English, which resulted in the great enterprise of Poutiae, the attempt of a master mind to com- bine whatever there was of savage force in the shattered tribes of the forest for the outpouring of one overwhelm- ing vial of destruction upon the English posts. The loy- alty of the Senecas to their treaty obligations was trembling in the scale under these new influences, at the time when the murder of the traders occurred, and their dependents, the Delawares of the Su.squehanna and the Canisteo, were violently dissatisfied. The latter did, finally, quite gener- ally give adhesion to the enemy with many of the Senecas.* " Two years went by after the summons of the old people (the council) went forth, and we may be sure it was the sub- ject of much talk at the Canisteo Castle (as the ancient wilderness village over the hills was called), and perhaps was canvassed in some hunting-party on this very ground. In the mean time the conspiracy of Pontiac came to a head, and a fierce conflict raged along the Western lakes. The agitation of that contest was felt even upon the upper Sus- quehanna, though that region was removed far from the seat of war. * Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac. 24 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. " In 1764, Sir William Johnson determined to be trifled with no longer in the matter of the two murderers and other causes of complaint against the Genesee Seuecas, and, accordingly, with the full approval of the other nations, fitted out a military expedition against the Canisteo Castle. A party of one hundred and forty Indians, with a few white men, under the command of Captain Montour, a half-breed war-chief, was dispatched to break up the nest. This ex- pedition started in April, 1764, from Oquago, a village on the Susquehanna, above Binghamton, and in a fortnight made thorough work. The inhabitants fled at Montour's approach, but he destroyed their villages and property. Kanhangton,* or Tioga Point, now Athens, Pennsylvania, was the first place destroyed. It consisted of thirty-six good houses, built of square logs and having stone chim- neys. The next point was a village on the Cayuga Branchf (the Chemung). Here thirty houses of the same kind were found and destroyed. Thence the party marched to Canisteo, which the report in the colonial records describes as ' the largest of the Delaware towns, consisting of sixty good houses with three or four fireplaces in each.' It ap- pears from this that the outlaws deserve at least the praise of introducing great improvements in architecture among the savages. Probably the white and black members of the colony were less inured to the intense severity of the weather than the red men, and had been accustomed to better lodgings. Hence these luxurious barracks of hewed logs and stone fireplaces. But the emissaries of justice spared nothing. The village was burned and the miscella- neous inhabitants plundered. They even found in the .se- cluded retreat horses, horned cattle, and swine, which, however, were in such a poor condition after the winter, that few were fit to be diiven away. It appears that no efibrt was made by the Canisteos to defend their town, although the defile, several leagues in length, through which the invading party passed before reaching the fine valley where, in an open meadow of several hundred acres, the village stood, offered ample opportunity for a ruinous attack upon them." The early settlers discovered here two forts, which, upon careful examination, exhibited considerable engineering skill. One was situated near the bank of the river, just in the neck of the defile as it opens into the valley on the east. It occupied about an acre of ground, with four square corners, and was inclosed by palisades or pickets. The embankment remaining when the early settlers came to the place was about two feet high. At the mouth of a similar opening into the valley from the south, on Col. Bill's '* Kan is the Iroquois name for town ; the other part of the name is froQi a word signifying the junction of two riverj:. A score or more of Indian villages in Western New York, at the time of the Sullivan campaign, began with this word Kan, — such as Kauadasaga, Kana- gasas, Kanadanga, etc. f This is the name given to the Chemung River in the colonial records and earlj' writings. Before it had any other name, the people down in Pennsylvania and travelers generally called it the Caynga Branch of the Susquehanna, because it extended off in the direction of the Cayuga country. The village referred to was on the Chemung, in the vicinity of Waverly. It was visited by Bartram, the English botanist, and Conrad Weiser, on their return from Onondaga in 1743, twenty-one years before this expedition, and was then a village of considerable importance. Creek, was another fort of about the same size and con- struction, which seems to have been designed as a place of retreat in case the first fort was taken by an enemy. The works were evidently constructed with reference to an attack from the east, and if we suppose them to have been built by the Canisteos at the time of their occupancy of the valley, there would be a manifest fitness in this, as the only invasion from white settlements at that time must necessarily come up the river from an eastern direction. The engineering skill, too, would be easily accounted for by the presence of the deserters from the British army and other Europeans who formed part of the mixed settlement. The word " castle" as applied to the ancient Canisteo town would seem to imply some sort of stronghold or fortifica- tion. Although no mention is made of a fort in the brief record of the expedition, and it is stated, or at least implied, that the Canisteos made no resistance, yet the forts or the main fort below the town may not have been garrisoned at the time of the invasion, and may have been passed by un- noticed, as it stood about fifteen rods from the bank of the river. At all events, these forts were here when the early settlers came to the country, and the most reasonable sup- position is that they were built by the band of outlaws de- stroyed by Sir William Johnson's expedition in the spring of 17G4. The foundation of a house of hewed timber was also dis- covered in 1818, east of the river fort and just below the mouth of Cold Stream, on the fiirm of Joshua C. Stephens. It was exposed in changing the bed of the river, and had every appearance of having been covered for a long time by the natural alluvial deposit of the valley. Judge McMaster has singled out two of the actors ia this expedition as noticeable men : " The leader, Montour, as there is strong grounds for believing, was the son of the famous Indian woman known as Queen Catharine, and the same warrior who, after a fatal encounter with the American troops in the war of the Revolution, was brought to the mouth of the Conhocton, there to die and be buried in a grave marked by the Painted Post, which has given an en- during name to that locality. The other was Jo.s enh Brant , as I shall venture to say on the authority of the records, which show that in this very month of April, 1764, he was engaged in an expedition against some hostile villages, and on the authority of Stone's ' Life of Sir William John- son,' where Canisteo is mentioned as the name of a village attacked at that time by the great Thayendanegea." The story is not yet finished. " The inhabitants of the destroyed village fled for protection to the Senecas of Genesee, who were in not much better odor than the suf- ferers themselves. Three months later we find that the refractory ' Chenu.ssio Indians and other Senecas' made a treaty of peace, in which it was provided ' that regarding the delivering up of the Kanestio murderers, one of them being dead, the other is pardoned, on their acceding to the additional article,' and also, ' that as the Delawares of the Susquehanna, who came for protection to Chenussio last spring, after their castles were destroyed by Sir William Johnson's Indian parties, are now suing for peace through the Chenussio mediation, the Chenussios agree to deliver up at Oswego within three weeks Atweetsera, the Delaware HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 25 king, and Oiiusseraqueta, their chief warrior, and every prisoner, deserter, Frenchman and negro among them.' " The names of the King of Canisteo and the captain of his forces above given (if we may be allowed to infer from the meagre records of the affair, that the Canisteo clan is the party referred to in the report) are the only names preserved to us of the defendants in the English governor's very sum- mary proceeding. In 1765 we find our dethroned monarch and his lieutenant attending a conference of the Six Nations at Johnson Hall. Sir William Johnson soundly berated the Chenussios for their failure to deliver up the prisoners, desertei-s, etc., together with a pair of red guerrillas named Squa.sh-Cutter and Long-Coat. Onusseraqueta answered, saying among other things : ' Brother, it is a long time since you shook me by my head to bring me to my senses. I must confess we were out of our senses, but we are now resolved to act no more foolishly.' The Delawares sought to appease the governor with profuse apologies, but he was not to be put off by their palaver, and lectured them in cutting and peremptory terms, and refused to shake hands with them till the two reprobates, Squash-Cutter and Long- Coat, should be surrendered to him as hostages for the delivery of the prisoners, etc., according to the agreement. This was done, and affairs came to an adjustment in a treaty in May, 1765, which bears among other signatures the signs manual of Atweetsera and Onussaraqueta, that of the former being a loon, and that of the latter a heaver.^' Doty, in his history of Livingston County, refers to a battle between the Canisteo and Seneca Indians* as fol- lows: " In a battle which took place between the Canisteo Indians and Senecas, on a hill three miles to the northeast, a noted Seneca chief was killed. To mark the spot where he fell an excavation several rods in extent, shaped like a man with arms extended, was made by his tribesmen. An In- dian trail led by this novel memorial, and the natives, in passing, were in the habit of clearing therefrom with ten- der regard the leaves and brush which the wind had drifted into it. The chief's remains were brought to Ganosgago for burial, and singularly enough now lie under the altar of the Lutheran Church, a Christian memorial to a pagan warrior. A rude monument, consisting of a pile of small stones brought hither one by one by the Indians from a hill a mile distant, was worked by the white man's hands into the church foundation wall." At the time of the battle this village was the frontier post of the Senecas in a southward direction, and stood as a menace to the Canisteos on this side of the hills. The Indian trail which led from the Genesee to the Canisteo, and thence to Eastern Pennsylvania, may yet be traced in places, especially at a point half-way up Big Hill, where the path intersects the highway leading from Dansville to Hornellsville. For many miles below the latter place its deeply-worn course is yet plainly visible. Ganosgago, the village referred to, is laid down on Pou- chot's map as Kanouskegon ; it was established after De Nouville's invasion of IGSy.f * At Ganosgago, on the site of the present village of Dansville; a small Seneca town of comparatively modern date, t Boty's History of Livingston County. CHAPTER V. PEBIOD OF THE REVOLUTION. Massacre of Wyoming — Campaign of (jcneral Sullivan — Celebration at Newtown — Expeditions up the Chemung — Operations within this County. Two incidents of no little importance to our local history occurred within the limits of this county during the period of the Revolution : one was the fitting out of the expedi- tion to Wyoming in the summer of 1778; the other the movements of certain detachments of the Sullivan cam- paign the following year. The Indians and Tories who planned the attack upon Wyoming, acting under the authority of the British officers in command of the garrison at Fort Niagara, followed the well-trodden Indian trail across the Genesee Valley to the upper Canisteo, or place of putting in the canoes.\ Fol- lowing the course of the stream eastward to within a few miles of the present village of Hornellsville they there cut down large pine-trees, which grew upon its bank, and con- structed the canoes which carried them down the swift cur- rent into the Chemung, and thence to the scene of that bloody and ever-memorable tragedy of the 3d of July, 1778. The valley of the Chemung from Painted Post to Tioga was at this time occupied by Indian settlements of more or less importance. Their lodges, villages, and corn- fields were scattered along the banks of the river for nearly the whole distance down which the expedition passed to their bloody work in the beautiful Wyoming Valley. How many of these Indians joined the party on their way down the river, or what aid and comfort they rendered the expe- dition, is not known, but it is certain that the massacre of Wyoming was the immediate cause of the planning and execution of the campaign intrusted to Gen. Sullivan dur- ing the following summer. It has been remarked by a late writ the river to destroy a Tory settlement that a small party discovered yesterday." Gen. John S. Clark, who has a fine collection of docu- ments on the Sullivan Campaign, and who has studied that subject, as well as the Indian antiquities of this State, very thoroughly, thinks that there were three villages destroyed on the Chemun" above Elmira, — one at or near Bis: Flats, another near the present site of Corning, and the third at Painted Post. Speaking of the " Tory settlement" re- ferred to in the journal of Norris, he says : " This last place, according to the accounts, appears to have been at Painted Post, where was also a considerable villase in 1764, called Assinnissink, a Monsey town, near the con- fluence of the Canisteo and Tioga It was the residence of Jacheabus, the leader of the war-party that committed the massacre of the Mahoney in 1755. The exact location of this more ancient town is somewhat uncertain. The Pennsylvania Historical Map places it in the forks of the two rivers in the town of Erwin." * We do not know of any other authority for the Tory settlement than the journal above quoted. Such a settle- ment or collection of Indians and British traders of the low sort may have existed here at the time of the Sullivan expe- dition, and been so eifectually destroyed as to leave no trace of it at the time of the early settlement. There can be no doubt but that some one of the detachments sent up the Chemung penetrated this county as far as the confluence of the Canisteo and Tioga Rivers, and destroyed everything in the shape of cornfields, buildings, and orchards which came in their way. The only Indian orchard that re- mained standing when the first settlers came into this part of the Chemung Valley was that on an island near Fox & Weston's steam-mill, two miles above Painted Post, which was probably overlooked when they destroyed the cornfields and orchards of the adjoining valley. - Near the junction of the Canisteo and Tioga Rivers, on the farm of Mrs. E. E. Townsend, just north of the present school in that part of the town of Erwin, is an ancient Indian burying-ground, which has been much noted and commented upon by the settlers since the first advent of the whites to this part of the country. It probably belonged to the period of the Indian settlement above referred to. Thus fiir it will be conceded that we stand on firm historic ground. Whether a battle was fought or an en- gagement of any kind was had with the Indians within the limits of this county during the Sullivan campaign is another question. It is claimed by some local writers and newspaper correspondents, chiefly on traditional authority, that a detachment of Maxwell's brigade came up the Che- mung and had an engagement with the Indians at the mouth of a little creek, since called Bloody Run, about two and a half miles below Corning, on the north side of the river, on lands now owned by Mr. James Smith, on the 4:th or 5th of September, 1779. Others, again, deny this chiefly on the ground that no allusion is made to any such battle or engagement in any printed or published account of the expedition. That we may do justice to both parties in this controversy, which has filled a score of newspaper columns during the past year, we propose to give the sub- stance of the arguments on both sides, and leave the reader to judge of their respective merits. In one of the news- paper articles referred to we find the following : " Well-attested tradition avers that a battle was fought here between a detachment of Sullivan's army and a force of Indians, in September, 1779. Mr. John Patterson, whose integrity none will question, says the place was indicated up to the year 1S14-, by seven ouk-trees that stood near the highway. On three of these trees was carved the hie- roglyphical representation of Indians with tomahawks drawn. Oo four of the trees there was carved the representation of soldiers with guns in their hands. These were considered by the primitive settlers as relics of this engagement. . . . *' There is no doubt that links in the chain of Sullivan's campaign have been lost, and have remained unsupplied to this day ; conse- quently we must rely on the statements of those old patriots who are gone, and much of the story of this engagement is buried with them. They are gone but not forgotten ; they need no statue or inscription to reveal their greatness; their deeds are monuments more lasting than the fanes reared to the kings and demi-gods of old. "Belonging to the detachment that .Sullivan sent up the Chemung, was Lieut. Nathan Dascum, William Mapes, and Abijah Ward, who have left a verbal history of the engagement that took place at Bloody Run, and they all agree as to location. Bascum was a lieutenant in this detachment, and belonged with Mapes to Maxwell's Brigade. He lived at Geneva, and died at Big Flats in the year 1840. He was the grandfather of Calvin Lovell, Esq., of Painted Post, and Reuben Lovell, Esq., of Big Flats. In the year 1835, on a visit to his daughter at Big Flats, he expressed a wish to visit the field of Bloody Run, where he had met the red man in deadly conflict tifty-six years be- fore. Calvin Lovell went with him, and the old patriot pointed out to him, with tears in his eyes, the position and the very ground occu- pied by the detachment and the location of the Indians, which was behind a swamp covered with bushes, Mr. Lovell says the recital was one of thrilling interest to him. The engagetnent took place over this swamp, the soldiers firing over the bushes, the Indians fall- ing back and taking position on the side of the hill. After the battle the Americans crossed the river and followed up the west side until they came to a fording-place, there recrossed and joined a detachment that went up on the east side of the river. Uniting, they went west as far as Switch Bottom Flats (which is in the vicinity of Fox, Weston ointing out the very spot of ground where they encamped. "Dascum corroborates Mapes. Their account of the battle and what took place subsequently are almost identical with Abijah Ward's, who died at Painted Post about forty years ago. . . . ..." His statement is that they met the Indians at Bloody Run, concealed in a swamp ; that the enemy fired on them as they came up ; that after the battle the detachment went back and joined the main army. He agrees with Dascum and Mapes, with the exception of the farther advance west." Another writer, on the same side of the question, under date of Aug. 26, 1878, says : 30 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. " In my letter of the 19th instant to the Gazette in relation to Sul- livan's camjmign against the Indians in 1779, I had no idea of luan- ufaeturino; history or provoking a controversy. I desired simply to throw light upon some of the incidents of that campaign, in which the people of the Chemung Valley are at present interested. But a brief criticism of my letter appears in the Free Prens of August 23, in which the editor seems to doubt the taking place of an engagement between a detachment of Sullivan's army and the Indians at a place two and a half miles below Corning, on the east bank of the Chemung River, on lands formerly owned by Jonathan Brown, Esq , Sept. 4th or 5th, 1779. . . . " I have before me ' Lieut. -Col. Adam Ilubley's Journal,* ' Lossing's Field Book of the Revolution,' 'Stone's Life of Brandt,' 'Miner's His- tory of Wyoming,' and other reliable data, and there is not a word in them incompatible with the assertions of William Mapes in relation to an engagement on the 4th or 5tb of September, 1779, at the place stated by him, anil communicated in my letter of the 19th inst. . . . ** William Mapes, the old soldier from whom I obtained my infor- mation, was in General Ma.vwcU's brigade of Sullivan's expedition. He was an intelligent and truthful man, and his memory in regard to Revolutionary events was truly wonderful. He had served five years in the Continental army, and had made himself acquainted with the history of that eventful era. " Before I ventured to write a word concerning any of the events of the campaign of Sullivan, I tested him thoroughly, and found him to be a perfect cyclopaedia of Revolutionary history, and had memorized all the leading events, and had them at his tongue's end." One of the principal writers on the other side discredits the value of this traditional evidence as follows: *'If the above stiitement is true, it stands alone and without any corroboration of official or traditional evidence witiiin our knowledge. The view from our standpoint : Abijah Ward, another soldier in Sul- livan's army, and who was, as he said, 'one of the sixty men of the detachment sent up the Chemung River by Sullivan,' lived for many years in our town, and his integrity and soldierly reputation were no more to be questioned than those of Mr. Mapes. In his relations of the acts of the detachment, he denied not only the killing, but seeing a solitary Indian from the time they left New town until their return. "There are gentlemen still living in our village who have heard him repeatedly make this st-itemeut; also, that ' he came up to' (and, if I am not mistaken) 'around the chimney Narrows Hill.' Another Sullivan soldier, Mr. Little, a young man from Northumberland, Pa., was in the battle of the Ilog Back, taken prisoner after the battle, and taken by the notorious Tory, Capt. McDonald, to Canada, in company with a Mr. Tagg.iit, a prisoner from Frecling's Fort, Pa., who, with McDonald was present a*: the burial of the half-breed chief. Montour, at Painted Post, on their route to Canada. Little made his escape, and returning, stopped a few days with the renowned hunter and guide, Beniainin Patterson, then living in the town of Painted Post,*' to whom he related, ■ The chief that was buried at Painted Post was wounded at the battle of the Hog Back, below New town. His name was Montour, and he was taken in a canoe to Painted Post. It was frequently mentioned in. the camp where I was a prisoner, and before I made my escape, and Mr. Taggart told me he was present at the burial.' Now, Mr. William Mapes relates ' that one of the twelve In- dians shot in the engagement at Bloi>dy Run was a chief, and had on a calico shirt ; was in the act of jumping over a log when hit; was taken by other Indians to Painted Post, and buried.' And thus ends the positive evidence: The statement of Mr. Mapes, that Mon- tour was wounded at ' the engagement' at Bloody Run ; Mr. Little, that he was wounded at the Battle of Hog Back ; and Mr. Ward, that no Indians were seen, wounded, or slain on the expedition of the de- tachment, and this is all the positive evidence. "Now let us look at the possibilities. " If this detachment was sent up the river by Gen. Sullivan, and was composed of so many men, it must certainly have been considered by the commander of some importance (and there is no reasonable doubt but that such detachment was sent). If said detachment was sent to destroy the crops of the Indians or scatter and destroy the Indians, would not a report of the success or failure have been among the re- ' tBenjainin Patterson d id not live in Painted Post till 1796, at least seventeen years after the capture of Little. cords of the campaign? If so largo a force had been sent, and an important engagement, in which a dozen of the enemy, including a renowned chief, were slain, and not one of the detachment wounded or lost, would it have been kept out of the reports and left to the chance of individual soldiers' descriptions?" We have deemed the above views worthy of a respectful hearing, although destitute of the qualities necessary to constitute history. CHAPTER VI. EXTINGUISHMENT OF THE INDIAN TITLE. Indians at the close of the Revolution — First Treaty at Fort Stanwix — Council at Herkimer — The Lessee Companies — Second Treaty at Fort Stanwix— Treaty of Fort Schuyler— Treaty of Albany. At the close of the Revolutionary war, the Indian allies of Great Britain were deserted and left unprovided for by the masters whom they had so long and faithfully served. The United States, on the contrary, and the States as a general rule, were disposed to treat them with greater lenity than the laws of war and the usage of civilized nations re- quired ; regarding them as subjects to be treated with for the purchase of their lands, rather than as vassals who had forfeited their ancestral inheritance to the conquerors. The country has reason to congratulate itself, both on the score of humanity and economy, that so liberal a policy was adopted in extinguishing the Indian title to lands in this State. It was an example to foreign nations of a forward step in civilization, — a step not less truly American than the peculiar form of government which our fathers established in this Western World. After the merciless conduct of the savages at Wyoming and Cherry Valley, many were disposed to show them no lenity ; especially was this the case with those who had suffered most at their hands. At one time the proposition to confiscate their lands was received with so much favor by the Legislature of New York that it probably would have prevailed but for the opposite advice and influence of Gen. Schuyler and others. Washington, also, used his influence in the same direction in the National Councils. The wiser and better measures advocated by these and other far-seeing statesmen prevailed ; and, notwithstanding the long and perplexing period spent in negotiating treaties, and the large sums of money expended by the State and the general government in .settling Indian claims, the more humane policy was undoubtedly less expensive to the country than a renewal of war and conquest would have proved ; and it was certainly more creditable to the head and heart of the nation to deal in this manner with the remnant of a brave and heroic people, whose chief cause for fighting against the colonies was loyalty to the British, with whom they had been for three-quarters of a century in alliance. TREATY OF FORT STANWIX. The first attempt on the part of the State of New York to convene a general council of the Five Nations was made in 1784, only a few months after the treaty of peace which closed the Revolution. In April of that year the Legis- HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 31 latuie passed an act muking the er was fixed as the period for the treaty, and Fort Sciiuyler was designated as the place. Ac- tive preparations for it Vfere going on through the summer, under the general supervision of John Taylor, who had the zjalous co-operation of Gov. Clinton. In all the villages of the Six Nations the lessees had their agents and runners or Indian traders in their interest. Even the Rev. Mr. Kirkland had been cither deceived or corrupted by them, and had played a part inconsistent with his profession and his obligations to Massachusetts. It was reported to Gov. Clinton that, in preaching to the Indians, he had advised them to lease to the New York and Canada companies, as their territory was so wide he could not make his voice heard to its full extent. At the treaty in Kanadesaga, when the " Long Lease" was procured, he had acted efficiently for the lessees. To counteract these strong influences, agents and runners were put in requisition by the New York com- missioners, and during the summer the poor Indians had but little peace. Preparations for the embassy to the In- dian country at New York and Albany were formidable ones. A sloop came up from New York with Indian goods, stores for the expedition, marquees and tents, specie for purchase money, members of the board of commissioners and their associates who resided in Now York, and many curious spectators, among whom were Count Monsbiers, the then French minister, and his sister. The board of com- missioners and tiieir retinue started from Albany on the 2od of August, the goods and baggage going up the Mo- hawk in bateaux, which had been built for the purpose. They arrived at Fort Schuyler on the 28th. A wild and romantic scene was soon presented. The veteran sol- dier, George Clinton, pitched his marquee, and was as much the general as if he had headed a military instead of a civil expedition. Among his associates in the commission and his companions were many who had been with him con- spicuous in the Revolution, and were the leading men of the ten young States. They were surrounded by the camp- fires of the numerous representatives of the Six Nations, amounting to thousands, who had been attracted to the spot, some from the interest they felt in the negotiations, but far the larger portion from the hopes and promises of feast.s and carousals. Indian traders from all their localities in New York and Canada, with their showy goods and trin- kets and their " fire-water," were upon the ground ready to dispose of either when the Indians should be paid their money, and equally ready to espouse the cause of the les- sees. Some of the prominent lessees from Albany, Hud- son, and Canada had preceded the Governor, and were in the crowd, secretly and insidiously endeavoring to thwart the object of the council. Irritated by aH he had heard of the machinations of the lessees, and learning that one of their principals, John Livingston, of Livingston Manor, was present, with the concurrence of his associates. Gov- ernor Clinton " took the responsibility," as did Gen. Jack- son at New Orleans, and ordered him in writing to " leave in three hours" and retire to the distance of forty miles from Fort Schuyler. •' After this, Gov. Clinton organized a species of court, or inquest, and summoning Indians, Indian trader.s, and run- ners in the interest of both the State and the lessees, took aflBdavits of all that had transpired in procuring the long lease. It exposed a connected scheme of bribery, threats, intimidation, and deception practiced upon the Indians. Finding that the Senecas were holding back from the treaty, and that many of the head men of the Cayugas and Onondagas were absent, and learning that there was a counter-gathering at Kanadesaga, messengers were sent there who found Dr. Benton surrounded by Indians and his agents, dealing out liquor and goods, and delivering speeches, in which he assured the Indians that if they went to Fort Schuyler the Governor of New York would either cheat tiiem out of their lands, or failing in that, would fall upon them with an armed force. Many of the Indians were undeceived and finally induced to go to Fort Schuyler, when they had recovered from the state of be;istly intoxi- cation they had been kept in by Dr. Benton and other agents of the lessees. Such had been the excesses into which they had been betrayed, to keep them away from the treaty, that many of them, when becoming sober, were sick and unable to reach Fort Schuyler ; and a Cayuga chief. Spruce Carrier, died on the road. When they were en- camped at Scawyancc, twelve miles east of Seneca Lake, on the eastern trail, Debartzch, a French trader at Cashong, in the interest of the lessees, went there and by intimida- tions, and the u.se of rum and promises of presents, in- duced them to turn back. It was not until the 8th of September that the different nations were so far represented as to warrant proceeding to the business of the council. Gov. Clinton addressed the Onondagas, informing them minutely of the positions in which the Six Nations stood in reference to their lands ; that they were theirs to di.spose of when they pleased, but that to protect them from frauds, the State had reserved to itself the right to purchase when- ever they were disposed to sell. He told them the acts of the lessees were the acts of "disobedient children" of the State, and that they were a " cheat," at the same time in- forming them that, as commissioners of the State, he and his associates were there prepared to purchase. He cau- tioned them also to keep sober during the council. Black Cap, in behalf of the Onondagas, replied, assuring the Gov- ernor that the Onondagas disapproved of the proceedings with the lessees, had made up their minds to sell to the State, but wanted a little further time to talk among them- selves. On the 12th of September the treaty was con- cluded, and the deed of cession of the lands of the Onon- dagas, some reservations excepted, was executed. The con- sideration was one thousand dollars in hand and an annuity of five hundred dollars forever. After the treaty was con- cluded, additional provisions were distributed, presents of goods made, and congratulatory speeches interchanged. " As the business on which we had met," said the Gov- ernor, " is now happily accomplished, we shall cover up the council-fire at this time and take a drink, and devote the remainder of the day to decent mirth." HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 35 At the negotiation which followed next day with the Oneidas, Governor Clinton made an opening speech similar to the one he had delivered to the Onondagas. This was replied to by On-yan-ha, alias Beech-Tree, who said the speech of the Governor should be replied to after the people had consulted together. The next day, just as the council had assembled, word came of the death of a young warrior who had been drowned in Wood Creek, while in a state of intoxication. The Indians refuised to proceed with the council till they had first attended to the funeral, which over, the council was resumed. A-gwel-ton-^was , alias Domine- ^ Pcte r. or Gciod )'yter. replied to the speech of Governor Clinton. He reminded him of a remark made by him at Fort Herkimer, in 1785, in substance that he should not ask them for any more land. The chief reca- pitulated in a long .speech, with surprising accuracy, every point in the Governor's speech, and observed, if anything had been omitted it was because he had not " the advantage of the use of letters." He then made an apology that he was fatigued, and wished to sit down and rest, and that in the mean time, according to ancient custom, another speaker would arise and raise the spirit of their deceased sachem, the Grasshopper. But before he sat down he informed the Governor that the man bearing the name Oe-dat-segh-ta is the first name known in their national council, and had lorjg been published throughout the confederacy ; that his friend, the Grasshopper, was the counselor for the tribe, to whom that name belonged, and therefore that they replaced the Grasshopper with this lad, whom you are to call Kan-y-a- dal-i-go (presenting the young lad to the Governor and commissioners), and that until he arrives at an age to qualify him to transact business personally in council, their friend, Hans Jurio. is to bear the name of O-jis-tal-a-be, alias Grasshopper, and to be counselor for this young man and his clan until that period. The Governor disclaimed any desire on the part of the State to purcha.se their lands, but strenuously urged upon them that the State would not tolerate the purchase or leasing by individuals. He told them that when they chose to sell, the State would buy, more for their good than anything else, as the State then had more land than it could occupy with psople. Good Peter followed, said the Governor's sp3ech was ex- cellent and to their minds. " We comprehend every word of your speech ; it is triie indeed, for we see you possessed of an extensive territory, and but here and there a smoke." " But," said he, " we too have disorderly people in our na- tion. You have a keg here, and they have their eyes upon it, and nothing can divert them from the pursuit of it. While there is any part of it left, they will have their eyes upon it and seek after it, till they die by it. And if one dies, there is another who will not be deterred by it, but will still continue to seek after it. It is just so with your people. As long as any spot of our excellent land remains, they will covet it, and will never rest till they poss&ss it." He said it would take him a long time to tell the Governor " all his thoughts and contemplations." His mind, he said, was " perplexed and pained, — it labors hard." In a .short digression he .spoke of the Tree of Peace, and expressed his fears that " by and by some twig of this beautiful tree I will be broken off. The wind seems always to blow and shake this beloved tree." Before sitting down, Good Peter observed that they had all agreed to place the business of the council, on their part, in the hands of ^ol. Louis and Peter Ostetiuette, who would be their " mouth and their ears."* There was also appointed as their advisors a committee of principal chiefs. The negotiations went on for days ; speeches were inter- changed, propositions were made and rejected, until, finally, a deed of cession was agreed upon and executed by the chiefs. It conveyed all their lands, making reservations for their own residence around the Oneida Castle, and a number of other smaller ones for their own people and such whites as had been interpreters, favorite traders, or belonged to them i)y adoption. The consideration was two thousand dollars in money, two thousand dollars in clothing and other goods, one thousand dollars in provisions, five hundred dollars in money for the erection of saw and grist- mills on their Reservation, and an annuity of six hundred dollars in silver forever. Rev. Samuel Kirkland was present at this treaty and materially aided the commi.ssioners. The Governor made to the Oneidas a parting address replete with good instruc- tion and fatherly kindne.ss. The Oneidas, in return, assured him of the satisfaction of their people with all that had taken place. They thanked the Governor and his a.ssociates for the fairness with which they had been treated. It would be difiicult to find a record of diplomacy between civilized nations more replete throughout with decorum, dignity, and ability, than is that of this protracted treaty. The council had continued in session for twenty-five days. TREATY OF ALBANY. The next meeting of the commissioners was convened at Albany, Dec. 15, 1788. Governor Clinton read a letter from Peter Ryckman and Seth Reed, who were then residents at Kanadesaga, now Geneva, — Reed at the Old Castle, and Ryckman upon the lake shore. The letter was forwarded by " Mr. Lee and Mr. Noble," who had been residing for the summer at Kanadesaga. The writers say to the Gov- ernor that the bearers of the letter will detail to him all that has transpired in this locality, and add that, if required, * Col. Louis w as a French and Oneida half-blood. He held a com- mission under Governor Clinton in the Revolution. IV-ter 0stef|ucttc. in a speech made at a subsequent stage of the council, saitl that he had just returned from France, where he had been tatten and educated by Lx Fayette. He said that when he arrived in France he " was naked and the raarquis clad him, receiving him with great kindness; that for a year he was restless, but when the light of knowledge flowed in upon bis mind he was distressed at the miserable condition of his countrymen, and he had returned for the purpose of enlightening and reforming them. Thomas Morris says in his manuscript that "at this treaty he became intimate with Peter Ostequette, who, when a boy, was taken to France by the Marquis de La Fayette. He remained seven years with the marquis, and received a very finished education." Mr. Morris was receiving his education there at the same time, and he says, " I would frequently retire with Peter into the woods and hear him recite some of the finest pieces of French poetry from the tragedies of Corneille and Racine. Peter Wiis an Oneida Indian; he had not been many months restored to his nation ; and yet he would drink raw rum out of a brass kettle, take as much delight in yelling and whooping as any Indian ; and, in fact, became as vile a drunkard as any of them." 36 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. tli(!y can induce the Cayugas and Senecas to attend the council. The Rev. Mr. Kirkland gave in writing an ac- count of his mission. He stated that on arriving at Kana- desaga, heuascertained that, to keep the Cayugas back from the council at Fort Schuyler, two of the principal lessees and their agents had " kept them in a continued state of intoxication for three weeks ; that Dr. B. and Col. M. had between twenty and thirty riflemen in arms for twenty-four hours ; and gave out severe threats against Peter Ryckman and Col. Reed, for being enemies to their party and friends to the government, in persuading the Indians to attend the treaty at Fort Schuyler." Mr. Kirkland stated that he had been as far as Niagara and had seen Col. Butler ; that at the Seneca village of Buftalo Creek, he had seen Shen- dy ough-gwat-te, the second man of influence among the Senecas, and Farmer's Brother , alias Oah-ne-wi-ire-was ; and that they had become disposed to treat with the State. Before the board adjourned, it was agreed to address a letter to Reed and Ryckman, asking them to name a day on which they could procure the attendance of the Cayu- gas and Senecas at Albany. Reed and Ryckman, on the reception of the letter, dispatched €James Manning Reed with an answer, saying that they would be at Albany with the Indians on the 23d of January, and adding that the lessees kept the Indians " so continually intoxicated with liquor that it was almost impossible to do anything with them." It was not until the 11th of February that Ryck- man was enabled to collect a sufficient number of Indians and reach Albany. Several days were spent in preliminary proceedings and in waiting for delegations that were on the way. On the lith, James Bryan and Benjamin Birdsall, two of the lessees, appeared before the commissioners and delivered up the " long leases" that had occasioned so much trouble. On the 19tli the council was opened with the Cayugas. There were many Senecas, Onondagas, and Oneidas present. Good Peter , on behalf of the Cayugas, made a speech. He said his brothers, the Cayugas and Senecas, had "requested him to be their mouth." As upon another occasion, his speech abounded in some of the finest imagery to be found in any preserved specimen of Indian eloquence. In allusion to the conduct of the lessees, and the long series of precedent diflBculties with the whites, he observed: "Let us notwithstanding possess our minds in peace. We can see but a small depth into the heart of man ; we can only discover what comes from his tongue." Speaking of the relations that used to exist between his people and the old colony of New York, he said: "They used to kindle a council-fire, the smoke of which reached the heavens, and around which they sat and talked of peace." He said, in reference to the blessings of peace and the settled state of things that was promised by fixing the Indians upon the Reservations under the protection of the State, " Our little ones can now go with leisure to look for fish in the streams, and our warriors to hunt for wild beasts in the woods." Present at the council was a considerable number of their women, whom Good Peter called " governesses," and gave the reasons why they were there. " The rights of women" found in him an able ad- vocate. " Our ancestors considered it a great transgression to reject the counsel of the women, particularly the gov- ernesses ; they considered them the mistresses of the soil. They said, Who brings us forth ? Who cultivates our lands? Who kindles our fires, and boils our pots, but the women ? Our women say let not the tradition of the fathers with re- spect to women be disregarded ; let them not be despised ; God is their maker." Several other speeches intervening, the Governor answered the speech of Good Peter. He reviewed the bargain the Indians had made with the lessees, and told them that if carried out it would be their ruin ; explained the laws of the State and their tendency to protect them in the enjoy- ment of a suflBcient quantity of.land for their use, and to guard them against peculation and fraud. In replying to that part of Good Peter 's speech in reference to the women and their rights, the venerable Governor was in a vein of gallantry, eloquently conceding the immunities which belong to the " mothers of mankind." He told them they should have reservations "large enough, however prolific they might be, even if they should increase their nation to their ancient state and numbers." He apologized to the dusky sister- hood by saying that he was " advanced in years and unac- customed to address their sex in public." Other speeches and negotiations followed, till February 25, when all the preliminaries having been settled, the Cayugas ceded to the State all of their lands, excepting a large Reservation of one hundred square miles. The consideration was five hundred dollars in hand, sixteen hundred and twenty-eight dollars in June following, and an annuity of five hundred dollars forever. In a congratulatory address, after the treaty was con- cluded, Governor Clinton recapitulated all of its terms, and observed : " Brothers and sisters ! when you reflect that you had parted with the whole of your country (in allusion to the long lease) without reserving a spat to lie down on, or kindle a fire on, and that you had disposed of your lands to people whom you had no means to compel to pay what they had promised, you will be persuaded that your brothers and sisters whom you have left at home, and your and their children will have reason to rejoice at the covenant you have now made, which not only saves you from impending ruin, but restores you to peace and security." The three treaties that had been thus concluded had made the State the owners of the soil of the Military Tract, or the principal amount of territory now included in the counties of Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tompkins, Cort- land, and parts of Oswego and Wayne. Other cessions fol- lowed until the large reservations were either ceded entirely away or reduced to their present narrow limits. The deed of cession of the Cayugas stipulated that the State should convey to their "adopted child, Peter Ryckman, whom they desire shall reside near them and a.ssist them,'' a tract on the west side of Seneca Lake, which should contain six- teen thousand acres, the location being designated. Soon after the treaty of Albany, the superintendency of Indian affairs devolved upon John Taylor, as agent for the board of commissioners. Although the treaty had seemed satis- factory, a pretty strong faction of all three of the nations treated with had kept back, and became instruments for the use of designing whites. Neither Brant, Red Jacket, Parmer's Brother, nor indeed many of the influential chiefs, had attended the treaties. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YOllK. 37 CHAPTER VII. TREATY OP OLIVER PHELPS WITH THE SENECA INDIANS. Disposition of the Senecas — -Diificulties in the Way of Mr. Phelps— Compromise with the Lessees — Conclusion of the Treaty. Although the Senecas liad been urged to attend, and considerable delegations had been brought with much diffi- culty to the council.s, it was wholly for the sake of the influence which the proceedings and actions of the other nations would exert upon them. Their lands lying west of the Massachusetts pre-emption line were not the sub- ject of negotiation by the State of New York, and were yet in their possession. While they held them, and were at the same time displeased with the course pursued by the other nations, they were constantly being stirred up by the lessees and other parties to hinder and, if possible, thwart the consummation of the plans of the State. This dissatis- faction found ready and willing promoters in the persons of the government officers of Canada and the loyalists who had sought refuge there during the border wars of the Revolution. When the first attempt was made to survey the lands, a message was received by Governor Clinton from some of the malcontents threatening resistance. When the period approached for the payment of the first annuity, the Onondagas informed the Governor that they had received four strings of wampum from the Senecas forbidding their going to Fort Stanwix to receive the money. A council of Indians was convened at Niagara, at which Col. Butler said the Oneidas were " a poor, despicable set of Indians, who had sold their country to the Governor of New York, and had dealt treacherously with their old friends." When seeking to deter the Onondagas from receiving their an- nuity, the Senecas informed them that the Governor of Quebec wanted their lands, that Col. Butler wanted the lands of the Cayugas, and the commanding officer of Fort Niagara the Seneca's lands. The Cayugas sent a message to Governor Clinton, informing him that they were threatened with total extermination, because they had sold their lands without consulting the Western tribes. Mr. Turner justly remarks in a note, page 21, Phelps and Gorham Pur- chase : " The part that the Senecas were persuaded to take in promoting the.se embarrassments was glaringly inconsistent. They had sold a part of their lands to Mr. Phelps the fall before without consulting other nations, to say nothing of their having consented to the ' lease,' which was a far worse bargain than those by the State. But the main promoters of the troubles were the lessees and the British agents, the latter of whom wore soured by the results of the Revolution, and were yet looking forward to British repossession of all Western and part of Middle New York. In all this matter the conduct of Brant d id not correspond with his general reputation for fairness and honesty. He helped to fan the flames of discontent, while, at the same time, he was almost upon his own hooks trying to sell the State the remnant of the Mohawk lands. Interfering be- tween the State and the Indians, he got some dissatisfied chiefs to join in an insolent letter to the Governor, which was replied to with a good deal of severity of language." DIFFICULTIES IN THE WAY OF MR. PHELPS. The extinguishment of the Indian title to that portion of the State in which the county of Steuben is situated was attended with difficulties similar to those whi.Q]j had marked the progress of -this important work from the be- ginning. In this case, however, on one side at least, we lose sight' of a remarkable class of actors in the drama, the New Y^ork board and their sturdy and efficient head. Gov- ernor Clinton, and in their .stead appear the agents and representatives of a new company. Messrs. Phelps and Gorham having purchased the pre-emption right of the State of Massachusetts to lands lying wholly within the domain of the Seneca nation, were preparing, in the spring of 1788, to take preliminary measures for the colonization and settlement of the lands which they had purchased. At a meeting of the shareholders. Gen. Israel Chapin was appointed to go out and explore the country ; Mr. Phelps, the general agent, was to hold a treaty with the Indians in order to purchase their right to the soil ; Mr. Gorham was appointed an agent to confer with the authorities of the State of New York in reference to running the boundary or pre-emption line, and Mr. William Walker as the local asrent of surveys and sales. Being well aware of the power and influence of the lessees and their agents, Mr. Phelps resolved upon a com- promise as the cheapest and surest means of success. Pro- ceeding to the Hudson, he met some of the principal lessees and effected a compromise with them on such terms as al- lowed them to become shareholders with him and his as- sociates. The lessees, on their part, agreed to hold another treaty with the Indians at Kanade.saga, surrender their lease to all the lands west of the Massachusetts pre-emption line, and procure in exchange therefor a deed of cession, Phelps and Gorham, for themselves and as.sociates, to be the grantees. The treaty was to be held under the super- vision of John Livingston, the principal agent of the lessees. With this understanding, and in full confidence that the arrangement would be consummated, Mr. Phelps re- turned to New England, fitted himself out with a corps of agents, surveyors, and a.ssistants, and started upon his advent to the Genesee country, prepared to take possession and commence operations. Arriving at Schenectady, where Livingston was to meet him, he began to hear rumors that the Indians had refused to treat with the lessees, and that they had arrested and whipped one of their agents. On the 13th he wrote to Col. Wadsworth, of Hartford, that Livingston had arrived with his provisions and goods for the treaty, and the expedition was ready to depart, but that an Oneida Indian had arrived from the West with informa- tion that Brant had got the Indians collected at Buffiilo Creek, and was advising them to take up the hatchet, and, if possible, not treat with Livingston and his company. He expresses his fears that the treaty will fail, and adds his regrets, as he thinks it will keep back settlement a whole year. He arrived at Geneva (Kanadesaga) on the 1st of June, where he waited till the 17th, and seeing no prospect of convening a council there, he informed Mr. Livingston that he should proceed independent of the lessees and their lease. He had by this time discovered that the two lessee companies were pulling in opposition to each other, and that 38 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. the Niagara company had got the Indians assembled at Buf- falo Creek. He was not long in deciding what to do. Taking tlie Indian trail, he proceeded to Niagara, where lie met But- ler, Brant , and Street, and secured their co-operation, they agreeing to procure with him a treaty with the Indians at Buffalo Creek. Mr. Phelps rejoined his friends at Geneva, where he remained until a deputation of chiefs waited upon him to conduct him to the appointed council-fires. Red Jacket was at the head of this deputation. Afterwards, in 1790, at a council in Tioga, when complaining to Mr. Pickering, Indian agent for Massachusetts, of some wrong in reference to Mr. Phelps' treaty, he said : " Then I, Billy, and the Heap of Dogs went to Kanadesaga and took Mr. Phelps by the hand, and led him to the council-fires at Buffalo Creek." Alluding to the commission which Mr. Phelps produced at the opening of the council, which had been given him by the Governor of Massachusetts, Red Jacket also said : " Then all know, and Mr. Street knows, that Mr. Phelps held up a paper with a seal on it as big as my hand. When he opened his mind to us, we took it hard." Rev. Samuel Kirkland was present at the council, having been appointed by a law of Massachusetts to superintend the treaty, and see that no injustice was done to the Indians. His assistant superintendent, Elisha Lee, Esq., of Boston, was also in attendance. The interpreters were James Deane, Joseph Smith, William Johnstone, Mr. Kirkland, and sev- eral others. Of the other side, there were present John Butler, Joseph Brant. Samuel Street, and the officers from Port Niagara. The lessees, following up Mr. Phelps, were represented by John Livingston, Caleb Benton, and Ezekicl Gilbert. Several Onondaga, Cayuga, and Mohawk chiefs were present. Mr. Phelps, on the opening of the council, had his com- mission or patent from Massachusetts read and explained, and made a speech explaining to the Indians the object of the treaty and the right he possessed to purchase the land. Most of the Seneca chiefs, of whom there was a pretty full delegation present, were for selling a portion of their lands ; but it was evident that they had come with the de- termination of making the Genesee River the western boundary of their ce.ssion, and this position they maintained for several days, but finally yielded and fixed the western boundary, as it was afterwards established. The negotia- tion then turned upon the price to be paid. Mr. Phelps and the Indians could not agree, and therefore mutually appointed John Butler, Joseph Brant , and Elisha Lee as referees, who agreed that Mr. Phelps should pay for the tract purchased jive thousand dolliirs and an annuity of Jive hundred dollars forever. " The Indians had consented to take for the quantity of land they were conveying, a sum which would amount to a fair proportion of what the lessees had agreed to pay for their whole country, and this was the basis upon which the price was fixed." The lands thus ceded constituted what is now known as Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and included the county of Steuben, and a considerable portion of Western New York. The eastern boundary of this tract was the Massachusetts pre-emption line; its western boundary, •' a line beginning in the northern line of Pennsylvania, due south of the corner or point of land made by the confluence of the Genesee River and the Canaseraga Creek ; thence north on said meridian line to the corner or point at the con- fluence aforesaid; thence northwardly along the waters of the Genesee River to a point two miles north of Cana- wagus village ; thence running due west twelve miles ; thence running northwardly, so as to be twelve miles dis- tant from the western bounds of said river, to the shores of Lake Ontario." The tract contained by estimation two million six hundred thousand acres. The history of this tract or purchase will be given in another chapter, our present object being simply to treat of the extinction of the Indian title to these lands. We will therefore finish what we desire to say upon that sub- ject. Mr. Phelps says, " the council was conducted in a friendly and amicable manner." The Niagara company, or the Can- ada lessees, Butler and his associates, had an independent claim for the assistance rendered Mr. Phelps in convening the Indians and enabling him to accomplish his purpose. This was probably arranged by a promise on the part of Mr. Pheips to give them an interest in common with him- self and his associates, for soon after the sale to Robert Morris, Samuel Street and others (the Niagara Lessee Com- pany ) filed a bill in chancery, setting forth that they were entitled to the proceeds of sales of " fifteen one hundred and twentieth parts" of all of Phelps and Gorham's Pur- chase, by virtue of an agreement made by Mr. Phelps at the treaty of Buffalo Creek. Upon the bill of complaint an injunction was issued against Phelps and Gorham, their associates in interest, and their grantees ; but how the matter was finally disposed of we are uot informed. There has been a very common mistake as to where Mr. Phelps held his treaty with the Indians, many supposing that Canandaigua was the place. Mr. Turner remarks that the very spot has been pointed out upon which it was held, and that " the error has been perpetuated by historians and essayists, who have added a fancy sketch of the scene of the treaty-ground, with Red Jacket eloquently invoking the war-cry, the tomahawk, and the scalping-knife, and Farmer's Brother opposing him. The whole story is spoiled by Red Jacket's own as.sertion, that ' he and Billy and the heap of dogs' led Mr. Phelps from Kanadesaga to the treaty at Buffalo Creek. The idea of a land treaty of Mr. Phelps with the Indians at Canandaigua must have come from a gathering which was held there in 1789, when Mr. Phelps' payment became due." Mr. Phelps, on returning to New England, reported by letter to his principal associates the result of his embassy, saying, " You may rely upon it that it is a good country. I have purchased all that the Indians will sell at present, and perhaps as much as it would be profitable for us to buy at this time." It proved, at least, all that they were able to pay for. At the session of the Massachusetts Legisla- ture, in 1789, they found themselves unable to fulfill the engagement they had made for the payment of the pur- chase money. They had predicated payment upon the supposition that they could purchase the public paper of Massachusetts at its then market value, which was about fifty cents on a dollar. But the paper rose during that HISTORY OF STEUBP:N COUNTY, NEW YORK. 39 year to nearly par value in tlie market. Being tlius situ- ated and having failed to extinguish the Indian title to the whole of the tract at first contemplated, they memorialized the Legislature and got released from their obligations in reference to what remained, paying only for what was in- cluded in the Indian treaty. But the Indians who had made the treaty, apparently in "ood faith, soon became dissatisfied and di.saffected. In August, 1790, Mr. Phelps informed the elder Mr. Gorham, in Boston, that the Indians had been to Canandaigua and had refused to receive any further payment, alleging that the amount of purchase money was to liave been ten instead of five thousand dollars. He wrote that the Indians were very much exasperated on account of some recent murders of their people committed by the whites at Tioga, that he was about to undertake a conciliatory mission to their prin- cipal villages, and that if he did not succeed they would retaliate by a general attack upon the whites. At a council held by Mr. Pickering, at Tioga, in November, 1790, Red Jacket and Farmer's Brother both claimed that the sum to be paid by Mr. Phelps was ten instead of five thousand dollars; they alleged that their" heads had been confused," and that they had been " cheated." Speaking of the pay- ment. Red Jacket said," When we went to Canandaigua to meet Mr. Phelps, expecting to receive ten thousand dollars, we were to have but five thousand. When we discovered the fraud we had a mind to apply to Congress, to see if the matter could not be rectified. For when we took the money and shared it, every one here knows that we had hut about one dollar apiece. All our lands came to was but the worth of a few hogsheads of tobacco. Gentlemen^ who stand by, do not think hard of us for what has been said. At the time of the treaty twenty broaches would not buy half a loaf of bread ; so that when we returned home there was not a bright spot of silver about us." Cornplanter, the leader of the disaflected Indians, visited Philadelphia and laid their complaint before President Washington. The President promised investigation of the matter. Mr. Phelps wrote a vindication of his conduct in the making of the treaty, and sent it to the President, accompanied by the aiEdavits of Rev. Samuel Kirkland, James Deane, Judge HoUenbeck, and others. In Decem- ber, 1791, Joseph Brant f ully acquitted Mr. Phelps of dis- honesty or unfair dealing in the purchase of the lands, in a long letter addressed to the President of Indian Afiiurs for the Northern District of the United States. In this letter he is particularly severe on Cornplanter, alleging that he was " influenced by bribes and selfish views." He says that the lessees were only released from the payment of five thousand dollars out of the twenty thousand they had agreed to pay for the whole country, and a pro rata amount of their stipulated annual rent. The poor Indians never realized the sum promised them by the lessees, and yet there is no doubt but the lessees themselves, in one form or another, realized a large amount from their illegal long lease. We close our chapter on the Indian treaties with the following extract from Mr. Turner's excellent History of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase : " The whole history of the early Indian treaties in this State is a complex one. There was a disjointed state of things existing among our own people. The treaties began without any clear and definite understanding of what were the respective rights of the State and the general govern- ment. The Indians, after they had heard of ' one big fire being lighted for all the thirteen States,' could not under- stand why they should be invited to attend 'so many little fires,' or councils. The almost interminable mischief, the lessees' movement, was thrust in to add to the embarrass- ment. The close of the Revolution had left them with distracted councils. Cut up into factions themselves, no wonder that when they were pulled and hauled about from one treaty to another, beset by State conimi,ssioners, lessee companies, speculators, and their ' old friends at Niagara,' they should on several occasions have complained that their ' heads were confused.' " But the crowning curse, and the source of nearly all other evils that beset them, and nearly all that embarrassed our relations and intercourse with their race, was the use of spirituous liquors. In the absence of them, the advent of our race to this continent would have been a blessing to theirs, instead of what it has proved to be, — the cause of their ruin and gradual extermination. Nowhere in a long career of discovery have Europeans found natives of the soil with as many of the noblest attributes of humanity, — moral and physical elements which, if they could not have been blended with ours, could have maintained a separate existence, and been fostered by a proximity of civilization and the arts. Everywhere, when first approached by our race, they welcomed it, and made demonstrations of friend- ship and peace. . . . Whatever of savage character they may have possessed, so far as our race was concerned, it was dormant till aroused to action by assaults or treachery of intruders upon their soil, whom they had met as friends. " This was the beginning of trouble. The cupidity of our race perpetuated it by the introduction of ' fire-water,' which, vitiating their appetites, cost them their native inde- pendence of character, made them dependents upon the trader and the agents of rival governments, mixed them up with factions and contending aspirants for dominion, and from time to time impelled them to the fields of blood and slaughter or to the stealthy assault with the t(jmahawk and scalping-knife. . . . From the hour that Hud.son lured the Indians on board his vessel on the river that bears his name, and gave them the first taste of spirituous liquors, the whole history of British intercourse with them is marked by the use of this accursed agent as a principal means of success. . . . The early French traders upon the St. Lawrence and in all that region commenced the trafiic not until they had ascertained that they could in no other way compete with the English traders than by using the same means. The early Jesuit missionaries checked them in their work of evil, but the English trader was left unre- strained, even encouraged by English colonial authority. . . . It was with his keg of rum that the Englishman could alone succeed, and with a morbid, sordid perseverance he plied it in trade as well as in diplomacy. " At a later period, when the storm of the Revolution was gathering, . . . the aspect of the quarrel between Eusrland and the colonies was not suited to their tastes or 40 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YOKK. inclinations, and they resolved upon standing aloof, — the Senecas at least. Invited to Oswego by the P]nglish refu- gees from the Mohawk, they were promised that the ' fire- water' of England's king should be ' as free to them as the waters of Lake Ontario.' Their intentions were changed, and their tomahawks and scalping -knives were turned against the border settlers. A series of events ensued, the review of which creates a shudder and a wonder that the offenses were so easily forgiven, — that we had not taken their country, after subduing them with our arms, instead of treating for it. But well and humanely did the Father of his Country consider how they had been wiled to the unfortunate choice of friends which they made. Englisii rum was not only freely dealt out at Oswego, but at Niagara, where it paid for many a reeking scalp, and helped to arouse the fiercest passions of the Indian allies and send them back upon their bloody track. " When peace came, and our State authorities began to cultivate an acquaintance with the Indians, they found them deserted by their late British employers, with nothing to show for the sanguine aid they had given them but appe- tites vitiated by the English rum-cask, and a moral and physical degeneracy, the progress of which could not have been arrested ; and lingering yet among them in all tlieir principal localities, was the Engli-sh or Tory trader, pro- longing his destructive traflfic. It was American New York legislation that made the first statutes against the traSic in spirituous liquors among the Indians. " CHAPTER VIII. THE PHELPS AND GOKHAM PURCHASE. Original Grants to the Colonies of Massaehusetts and New York — Mas- sachusetts Pre-emption Lands — Purchase of these Lands hy Phelps and Gorham — Treaty with the Seneca Indians — Survey of the Lands — Sale to Robert Morris. An inquiry into the title of lands in Steuben County will carry us back to those original patents granted by the Kings of England, in right of discovery, to their subjects who e.stablished colonies on the Eastern shores of this Con- tinent near the beginning of the seventeenth century. In the year 1620, the King of Great Britain granted to the Plymouth Company a tract of country denominated New England, extending several degrees of latitude north and south, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, east and west. A charter for the government of a portion of this territory, granted by Charles I., in 1628, was vacated in 168-1, but a second charter was granted by William and Mary, in 1691. The territory comprised in this second charter extended on the Atlantic Ocean from north latitude 42° 2' to 44° 15', and from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Charles I., in 1663, granted to the Duke of York and Albany, the Province of New York, including the present State of New Jersey. The tract thus granted ex- tended from a line twenty miles east of the Hudson River westward, rather indefinitely, aiid from the Atlantic Ocean north to the south line of Canada, then a French Colony. By this collision of description each of these colonies laid claim to the jurisdiction as well as the pre-emption right of the same land, being a tract sufficiently large to form several States. The State of New Y'ork, however, in 1781, and Massachu- setts, in 1785, ceded to the United States -all their right either of jurisdiction or ownership, to all the territory lying west of a meridian line run south from the westerly bend of Lake Ontario. Although the nominal amount in con- troversy, by these acts, was much diminished, it still left some nineteen thousand square miles of territory in dispute. But this controversy was finally settled by a convention of commissioners appointed by the parties, held at Hartford, Conn., on the 16th of December, 1786. According to the stipulation entered into by the convention, Massachusetts ceded to the State of New York all her claim to the govern- ment, sovereignty, and jurisdiction of all the territory lying west of the present east line of the State of New York ; and New York ceded to Mas.sachusetts the pre-emption right or fee of the land, subject to the title of the Indians, of all that part of the State of New York lying west of a line, beginning at a point in the north line of Pennsylvania, eighty-two miles west of the northeast corner of said State, and running from thence due north through Seneca Lake to Lake Ontario, excepting and reserving to the State of New Y'^ork a strip of land east of, and adjoining the eastern bank of Niagara River, one mile wide, and extending its whole length, and inclusive of the islands in the Niagara River. This land, the pre-emption right of which was thus ceded to Massachusetts, amounted to about six millions of acres. Soon after Massachusetts became possessed of this pre- emption right, a company was formed in that State to pur- chase a large tract of the land. The company consisted of Oliver Phelps, Judge Sullivan, Messrs. Skinner and Chapin, William Walker and others, chiefly residents of Berkshire County. Before they had matured their plans, Nathaniel Gorham had made proposals to the Legislature to purchase a portion of the Genesee lands. Mr. Phelps had a confer- ence with Mr. Gorham, and, to secure unanimity of action, they mutually agreed that Mr. Gorham should become a member of the association and consider his proposition made for their common benefit. Mr. Gorham liad proposed the purchase of one million acres, at one and sixpence cur- rency per acre, payable in the public paper of the common- wealth. The House of Representatives acceded to the proposition, but the non-concurrence of the Senate delayed the consummation of the bargain till the Legislature again convened in April, 1788. when others, who in the mean time had made propositions of purcliase to the State, were included in the company. Messrs. Phelps and Gorham were constituted the representatives of the association, and in that capacity made a proposal to the Legislature for the purchase of all the lands embraced in the Massaehusetts cession. This was accepted, the stipulated consideration being one hundred thousand dollars, payable in the public paper of Massachusetts. We have already remarked, in connection with our his- tory of the extinction of the Indian title, that the paper of Massachusetts was at that time depreciated to about fifty cents on a dollar. At the first meeting of the shareholders, preliminary HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 41 steps were taken to hold a treaty with the Indians, — the Seneoas, in whose portion of the State the hinds were situ- ated. Mr. Phelps made a trip to Geneva, then Kanade- saga, and fuilin;;, with the aid of Mr. Livingston, to con- vene a council of the Indians at that point, hastened by the old Indian trail to ButFalo Creek, where he found the Indians had been assembled by the Niagara Lessee Com- pany, and through the aid of the latter, in July, 17SS, ho effected a purchase of the Seneoas of the tract of land known as Phelps and Gorham's Purchase. This treaty was not held at Canandaigua, as some suppose, but at Buflalo Creek.* Mr. Phelps during this first trip made his head- quarters at Geneva, not at Canandaigua. Before leaving the county he set surveyors at work under the direction of Col. Hugh Maxwell, to divide the newly-acquired country into townships, and, having ixed upon Canandaigua as the focus of intended enterprise, returned to Suffield, Mass. All retired as winter approached, and left the whole region, except the small settlement at Geneva, in the possession of its ancient owners. Mr. Walker, after having remained in the country till nearly the setting in of winter, returned, and was present at a meeting of the associates, in January. He reported that he had .sold and contracted about thirty townships. At this meeting a division of the land took place, the lar- ge.st portions falling into the hands of Phelps and Gorham and a few other loading associates, who purchased the interests of the smaller shareholders. The most of the early sales of townships were to those who held shares, which will account for the very low price, the shareholders paying about what the lands cost the a.ssociation. Mr. Phelps, although his residence in all the earliest years of settlement was still in JIassachusetts, spent most of his time in Canandaigua, and was the active and liberal patron and helper in all the public enterprises of the region which ho had opened for settlement. He may appropri- ately be called the Father of the Gene-see country. Of ardent temperament, active, able, and ambitious in all that related to the new country, the pioneers found in him a ■« I liiul in .111 article by Judge Goldsmith Denniston, ou the source of land title in Steuben County, the statement that "the chiefs and warriors of the Si.'! Nations were assembled, and Mr. Phelps met them in conference near the Canandaigua Lake. After a negotiation of two days, and after every preliminary was about being arranged, the celebrated Red Jacket arose : drawing his blanket around him and surveying the assemblage, he addressed them in a language and style peculiar to himself. He represented to them the efifeot of giving the pale-faces any further foothold within their territories; depicted to them their former simplicity and happiness and the wrong.s they had sulfered from the whites, until his Indian auditors were roused and excited almost to vengeance." This is an error. Red Jacket himself, in his speech at the Tioga Council (1790), alludes to the treaty be- tween Mr. Phelps and the Senecas as having been held at Buffalo Creek, and that he and his friends took him (Phelps) by the hinl and led him thither from KananJesaga (Geneva). Mr. Phelps, also in the same year, in a speech to the Indians in answer to their com- plaints, refers to the treaty as follows : " I wish in a friendly manner to state to you the particulars of our b.irgain. AVlien I arrived at Buffalo Creek, O'Bail (Cornplanter) had leased all your country to Livingston and Benton." He says, " Brothers, you remember we sat up all night. It was almost morning before wo agreed on the boundaries. After breakfast wo returned to agree on the price you should ha.vc:'— Phelps and Gorhamt Purohuae, Aiipaidix, p. 476. friend indeed, and when disease, privation, Indian alarms, created despondency, he had a word of encouragement and a prophecy of a " better time coming." He was useful to a degree that no one can realize who has not seen how much one man can do in helping to smooth the always rugged path of backwoods life. Oliver Phelps was born at Wind.sor, Conn., and was a young man at the breaking out of the Revolution. He was among those who gathered at Lexington and made the first military demonstration of intended separation and in- dependence : and, although but a youth, was enrolled in the Massachusetts Committee of Safety. Upon the or- ganization of the Connecticut troops, he became a con- tractor in the army, and was soon advanced to the com- missary department, in which he did faithful service till the close of the Revolution. Settling in Suflield, Mass., he was sent to the' Assembly, and then to the Senate, and was also a member of the Governor's Council. During the Revolution he became intimate with Robert Morris, the great financier of that eventful period, and whose name is indissolubly associated with his in the extensive and beneficent land operations in Western New York, of which we shall speak more particularly hereafter. A considerable shareholder in the original purchase from Massachusetts, Mr. Phelps became, eventually, the chief owner, by the purchase of shares, reversions, and other means ; .so that in a few years after the settlement of the Genesee country was fairly under way, he was reputed one of the most successful and wealthy of all the founders of new settlements of that period. In 1795 he was regarded as worth a million dollars. A mania of land speculation prevailed in this country during the year 1796 and about that period, which ex- tended through all the then settled parts of the Union. Philadelphia was its principal focus, its leading capitalists, among whom was Mr. Morris, being the principal opera- tons. Among the devices of the times was a gigantic " American Land Company." Elected to Congress, elated with his success in the Genesee country, Mr. Phelps was thrown into the vortex of rash adventure, and became deeply involved. One of his adventures was in connection with the " Georgia Land Company," a well-known specu- lation of that period. He was obliged to borrow largely, and execute mortgages upon his Genesee lands. The titles under him became involved and created distrust, which brought upon him a great deal of censure. These troubles, it is supposed, undermined his health, so that he gradually declined, and died in 1809, at the age of sixty years. He had removed to Canandaigua in 1802; was the first judge of Ontario County, upon the primitive organization of its courts, and an early representative in Congress for the then Western District of the State. Nathaniel Gorham, who was an associate of Mr. Phelps, never was a resident upon the purchase with which his name stands identified. He was a prominent merchant of Boston, and resided in Cliarlestown, Mass. His son and representative, Nathaniel Gorham, Jr., settled in Canan- daigua in 1789, among the earliest settlers. He was an early supervisor of Canandaigua, a judge of the county courts, and president of the Ontario Bank from its first 42 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. organization until his death. He died in 1826, aged sixty- two years, leaving several sons and daughters. Phelps and Gorham being unable to extinguish the Indian title to the western portion of their lands, as stipu- lated in their contract with Massachusetts, surrendered to that State that part to which the Indian title remained, in consideration of which the State relinquished two-thirds of the contract price. In 1796, Massachusetts sold these lands to Robert Morris, who extinguished the Indian title thereto, sold some, and mortgaged the residue to William Willink, of Amsterdam, and eleven associates, denominated the " Holland Land Company." This mortgage was fore- closed, and the lands bought in by said company. Thus the " Holland Company" acquired a full title to all the lands sunendered by Phelps and Gorham to Massachusetts, and lying west of the. Phelps and Gorham Purchase. Robert Morris in those days was a l&rge speculator in lands, and a man of unlimited financial resources. He was a native of Liverpool, Eng., and came with his parents to this country when a youth. He entered the service of Charles Willing, the eminent merchant of Philadelphia, as clerk, and subsequently became a partner of his son and successor. At the breaking out of the Revolution he be- came at once an active partisan in the struggle. In 1776 he was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania, and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Invested with the oflBce of secretary of an empty treasury, he became the financier of the poorest country that ever kept an army in the field or armed ships upon the ocean ; his own means were put in requisition, and his almost unbounded credit freely used. " When the rich bankers of Amsterdam knew no such new creation as the United States, or as Congress, or, knowing them, had no confidence in their engagements, they trusted him, on his private responsibility, with mil- lions, which he used in the public service. And when the great struggle was drawing to a close, — when a last and desperate blow was to be struck, and the army that was to do it was in New Jersey, without pay and destitute of com- fortable clothing, — when its stout-hearted commander-in- chief was almost yielding to the embarrassments by which he was surrounded, and upon the point of leading his army the wrong way, because he could not command the means of leading it where it should go, — the active, patriotic financier hastened to his camp, and by assuring him that he would supply all immediate wants, encouraged him to put his army in motion. The destination was Yorktown ; — the defeat of Cornwallis, the crowning act of the Revolu- tion, was the result." * Mr. Morris was eventually reimbursed by Congress, though not for the sacrifice of time and abstraction from his private business which his public services had made neces- sary. He was, however, eminently successful in his com- mercial afiiiirs, and at one time was by far the wealthiest man in the United States. He met with many reverses, however, and died poor in New Jersey, in May, 1806. Mr. Phelps, during the Revolution, having been con- ■-'The money, in specie, that he had pvomised was borrowed .md paid to the army but a few days before the attack upon Cornwallis. nected with the commissary department, and Mr. Gorham being a prominent merchant in Boston, Mr. Morris had made their acquaintance, and when they sought a purchaser for their unsold lands in the Genesee country, they applied to him. Little was known in the commercial cities of all this region, other than what had been gathered from maps and from those who had accompanied Sullivan's expedition.f Mr. Morris, however, sought the means of further informa- tion. Ebenezer (or Indian) Allen was then located as an Indian trader at what is now Mount Morris, and was in the habit of making yearly visits to Philadelphia for the pur- chase of goods. Samuel Street, who resided at Niagara Falls on the Canadian side, had also visited Philadelphia. From them Mr. Morris obtained the information which in- duced him to accede to the proposition of Messrs. Phelps and Gorham. Their deed of conveyance bears date Nov. 17, 1790, and was executed by Nathaniel Gorham and Rebecca his wife, and Oliver Phelps and Mary his wife. It embraced their entire final purchase of Massachusetts, with the exception of such townships and parts of townships as they had sold, being in all one million two hundred and sixty-four thou- sand five hundred and sixty-nine acres. The consideration and actual price paid by Mr. Morris, was thirty thousand pounds. New York currency. At an early period after the purchase, Mr. Morris em- ployed Maj. Adam Hoops to explore the country, who re- ported that " in respect to soil, climate, and advantages of navigation, ' it was equal to any portion of the United States. Maj. Hoops was then residing near Philadelphia. He had been in the army throughout the Revolution, was in Sullivan's catnpaigu, and at one period belonged to the staff of Gen. Washington. He was one of the aids of Gen. S\illivan in his expedition to the Genesee country, and was one of the earliest surveyors of all tiiis region, being employed first by Phelps and Gorham, and afterwards by Mr. Morris. In 1804 he purchased part of the township of Olean, and was the founder of the village which now bears that name. He died in Westchester, Pa., about 1836. SURVEYS — PRE-EMPTION LINE. The first survey undertaken of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase was the establishment of the " Old Pre-emption Line," its eastern boundary. Tlie survey originated in this way : the State of New York ceded to Massachusetts all the territory within her boundaries west of a line to be drawn due north and south from the eighty-second mile- stone on the northern line of Pennsylvania. Before the running of this line, it could of course be but a mere con- jecture where it would fall as far north from the starting- point aa Seneca Lake. Seth Reed and Peter Ryckman, both of whom had been Indian traders, applied to the State of New York for remuneration for services rendered in fit is a somewhat remarkable fact that in most instances in our early history, the fertility and resources of our new countries were first brought to the knowledge of the public by the marching of armies and expeditions in various directions. Such was the case in the valley of the Mohawk, the Susquehanna, the Genesee, and Ohio valleys. The rich and inviting territory lying between Chicago and the Mississippi River was made known by the march of Gen. Scott's army to the Black Hawk war in 1832. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 43 some previous negotiations with the eastern portion of the Six Nations, and proposed to take a patent for a tract the boundaries of which should " begin at a tree on the bank of Seneca Lake, and run along the bank of said lake to the south, until they should have sixteen thousand acres between the lake and the east bounds of the land ceded to Massa- chusetts." Their request was granted, and a patent issued. Tiie patentees proposed to Messrs. Phelps and Gorham to join them in running the pre-emption line, each party fur- nishing a surveyor. A " Mr. Jenkins," according to some authorities, was selected by Reed and Ryckman, and Col. Maxwell by Phelps and Gorham. Meanwhile, the lessees, assuming that their transactions were valid, took an interest in the matter, and as Messrs. Reed and Ryckman were both shareholders in their company, the matter was mutually accommodated between them. The line was run — which is known as the " Old Pre-emption Line." In running this line the surveyors managed to bear to the west of the " due north" course required by the terms of cession. Messrs. Phelps and Gorham were much disap- pointed in the result,* suspected error or fraud, but made no movement for a resurvey. Their suspicions had been first excited by an oifer from a prominent member of the lessee company for " all lands they owned easi of the line that had been run." They were .so well assured of it that in the deed to Mr. Morris they specified a tract in a gore between the line then run and the west bounds of Mont- gomery and Tioga Counties, those counties then extending to the true pre-emption line. Tiio resurvey was not made while Mr. Morris owned the lands, but having stipulated in his conveyance to the English purchasers an accurate survey of all he conveyed, he instructed Maj. Hoops to correct the line. The two brothers — Joseph and Benjamin Ellicott— who had just completed the survey of the city of Washington, were employed to superintend the work, using for the first time in this country the transit instrument which had then been recently invented in Germany. Upon their arrival from England they were joined by Judge Por- ter, who was then a surveyor in the employ of Phelps and Gorham. " A corps of axemen was employed, and a vista of thirty feet wide opened before the transit instrument until the line had reached the head of Seneca Lake, when night-signals were employed to run down and over the lake. So much pains were taken to insure correctness that the survey was never disputed, and thus the ' New Pre-emption Line' was established as the true division between the lands of the State of New York and those which had been ceded to Massachusetts." The lands purchased by Phelps and Gorham were sur- veyed into tracts running north and south, called ranges, and these ranges were divided into townships six miles square.f This was done under contract with Col. Hugh *-■ Probably they would bare made Geneva instead of Canandaigua the centre of their operations, but for the fact that this line, as at first run, U'ft Geneva on the eastward of the pre-miiption line, and in what, since the running of the new line, has been Known as " The Gore." t This, we believe, is the first time in the history of our country when tliis rectangular method of surveys was adopted, — dividing the townships into parallel ranges and designating them by numbers. It was afterwards applied by the government to the whole Northwest Territory, and is the method prevailing in all the Western States. Maxwell, who completed most of the northern portion of it previous to the close of 1788. In 17S!.» the work was prosecuted with the assistance of Judge Augustus Porter and others. The surveys of townships into farm lots, in cases where whole townships were sold, was done at the ex- pense of the purchaser. Judge Porter, John Adlum, and Frederick Saxton were among the earliest surveyors of the subdivisions. From the original Seld-notes of the surveyors, in the land-office of the Pulteney estate, at Bath, we gather the following particulars of surveys made in 1791 and 1792. The general title of the book is " Surveys of that part of West Genesee which was sold by Messrs. Gorham and Phelps to Robert Morris, Esq., except a small tract bounded on the south side of Chapin and Street's township and the township five-eighth parts of which were sold to Smith, Jones and others." Tiie general survey of this tract was made by Frederick Saxton, Adam Hoops, John Adlum, and Augustus Porter, and calculated by Frederick Saxton and Adam Hoops. The purchase of Robert Morris was found to contain, after deducting twenty-six thousand four hund- red and forty-six acres, two roods, and thirty perches, for lands sold to John Stone, E. Scott, Rev. Samuel Kirkland, E. H. Robins, Esq , and others, one million two hundred and forty-six thousand five hundred and sixty-nine acres, one rood, and ten perches. Maj. Adam Hoops adds his certificate to these surveys, in the words following : " The above are the contents of sundry townships and tracts of land in the county of Ontario and State of New York, sold by Messrs. Gorham and Phelps to the Honor- able Robert Morris. The several surveys were made by the persons whose names are hereinbefore mentioned, and their field books and notes : reference being had thereto as directed in the margin at A, B, C, D, E, will show the surveys of the particular townships and tracts. " Returned at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, this fourth day of February, Anno Domini 1793. The contents being, as above written in figures. One Million Two Hundred and Sixty-four Thousand Five Hundred and Sixty-nine Acres, One Rood, and Ten Perches. (Signed) " A. Hoops, Surveyor." The gore between the old and new pre-emption lines was found upon survey to contain eighty-nine thousand and two acres, two roods, and twelve perches. Deducting for the portion of Seneca Lake included within the lines four thou- sand and fifty-five acres, three roods, and seven perches, the net amount of land was eighty-four thousand eight hund- red and ninety-six acres, three roods, and five perches. The true Pre-emption Line was run by Messrs. Ellicott, Armstrong, and Saxton ; the offsets by Morgan Jones, Augustus Porter, and Frcdenck Saxton, and the calcula- tions were made by Adam Hoops and Frederick Saxton. The latter died before the returns were completed. The length of the gore, from the eighty-second mile-stone in the northern line of Pennsylvania (southeast corner of Steuben County) to its terminus on Lake Ontario at Sodus Bay, was found to be eighty-four miles, seventy-seven chains, and forty-five links. 44 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. CHAPTER IX. THE PULTENEY ESTATE. Sale of the Lands bj Robert Morris to Charles "Williamson — Law Enabling Aliens to Hold Real Estate — Conveyance bj Charles Wil- liamson to Sir William Pultene}' — Descent of the Estate to the Heirs and Trustees — Abstract of Title. Early in the year 1791, William Temple Franklin, the agent of Robert Morris in London, sold the lands which the latter had purchased of Messrs. Plielps and Gorham to an English association, consisting of Sir William Pulteney, John Hornby, and Patrick Cokjuhouu. Sir William Pul- teney was a capitalist residing in London, and at that period occupied a high position as a citizen and statesman. Mr. Hornby had been Governor of Bombay, and was at that time a retired London capitalist. Mr. Colquhoun, who more directly than any of the other members became con- nected with the management of the estate, was eminent as a statesman and philanthropist. These gentlemen purchased the lands of Mr. Morris, paying therefor thirty thousand pounds sterling, the conveyance by deed being made to Charles Williamson, agent, April 11, 1792. 3Ir. William- son had come to the United States for the purpo.se of buy- ing lands for the Association, and had been naturalized, and held the office of Judge of Ontario County, and Rep- resentative in the General Assembly.* When the purchase was made of Robert Morris, there was no provision in the statutes of New York allowing aliens or foreigners to hold or convey lands in this State. By the treaty with Great Britain, commonly known as Jay's treaty, concluded in 1794-, this disability was partially removed so far as subjects of Great Britain were concerned who ihen held lands or other real estate in the United States. But a general law of the State was needed giving aliehs of all classes the right to purcliase, hold, and devise lands in common with citizens. Such an act was passed by the Legislature in April, 1798. It made legal convey- ances to all foreigners valid, except such only of foreign natioils as were at the time of conveyance at war with the United States, but prohibited them from making any re.ser- vations of rent or service in any grant or devise whatever. An " act explanatory of the construction and intent of the act of April, 1798," was passed March 5, 1819, by which conveyances made from one alien to another were declared valid, together with mortgages upon the said lands and tenements. The title of aliens being thus perfected, Charles William- sou and Abigail, his wife, conveyed the above lands to Sir William Pulteney, on 21st of October, 1801. Sir William Pulteney died in 1805, intestate, and his estate descended to his only child, Henrietta Laura Pulteney, as heir-at-law. ^"Col. Williamson was naturalized and became an American citizen on the ninth day of June, 1792. The following is his oath, with the certificate of the Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, copied from the original now in the office of Judge Ruuisey, of Bath : "I, Charles Williamson, gentleman, being duly sworn upon the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, do say that I will support the Constitution of the United States. " CniS. WlI.LIAMSO-X. '• Done in open Court at Philadelphia, June 9, 1792. "J. Yeates, Justice Supreme Calirl." Henrietta Laura Pulteney died in 1808, intestate, leaving Sir John Lawther Johnstone, her cousin and heir-at-law, to whom her estate descended. Sir John Lawther Johnstone died in 1811, and by will left all his lands in America to Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, Charles Herbert Pierrepont, David Cathcart, and Masterton Ure, in trust, to sell the same as speedily as possible, and to invest the same as therein directed. He authorized them to fill any vacancies which might occur ; also authorized " three to act when there were four, and two to act when there were but three." On the 1st of March, 1819, Charles Herbert Pierrepont relinquished his trust, and conveyed to his co-trustees all his interest in the estate, and on the 20th of November, 1827, these trustees, under an order from the Court of Chancery, appointed John Gordon a trustee in the place of Charles Herbert Pierrepont, and conveyed to him the estate as a CO- trustee. On the 17th of August, 1830, the then trustees, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, Master- ton Ure, and John Gordon, appointed Robert Troup their attorney and agent for managiug the estate, and in case of his death or disability to act they nominated and appointed Joseph Fellows to act as their attorney and agent. By vir- tue of this appointment and the death of Robert Troup, Joseph Fellows continued to act as the legally-authorized agent of the trustees until the 15th day of February, 18G2. The agents of the Pulteney estate have proceeded to sell these lands " with all convenient speed," as directed by the will of Sir John Lowther Johnstone, and have con- veyed by deeds, and contracted to convey, all of the original purchase, with the exception of about five thousand acres, of which about four thousand are in the county of Steuben. The original proprietors, trustees, agents, and attorneys of the estate have pursued upon the whole a very just and liberal policy towards purchasers and settlers upon these lands. A judicious writer has remarked that " with -noth- ing to judge from but his business letters, instructions to agents, etc., it is impo.ssible to form any other conclusion with regard to Sir William Pulteney but such as is credit- able to him as one whose capital had made his own interests and those of his new settlers mutual." And so of the rest. Mr. Colquhoun was by nature and practice a philanthropist, and in all his relation to the early history of this estate his conduct was eminently in keeping with that character. A marble tablet erected in front of the Presbyterian Cburch in Canandaigua, to perpetuate his memory, has upon it an inscription which recognizes the principal events of his use- ful life. He was a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and died in London in 1820, aged seventy-six years. Few men had contributed more to the reformation of criminal laws, to the promotion of trade and commerce, in founding systems for benefiting the poor, and for public education in England and Scotland. In some of his correspondence he mentions having spent some time in America previous to 1790, prob- ably in some of the Southern States. Of Mr. Williamson, Col. Robert Troup, Joseph Fellows, and others, whose names and benefactions are intimately identified with the Pulteney estate and with the history of this portion of the State of New York, we shall speak more at large in a future chapter. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 45 It appears from the records of the State and other sources of inforuiatioi), that the question of title to these lands has been a subject of legislation and also of judicial and per- sonal investigation. In 1789, a gentleman commissioned by Mr. Beekford, of London, made a purchase of Mr. Williamson of twenty-nine thousand acres of land. By contract, the title was to be certified to by Messrs. Hamil- ton, Harison, and Troup, of New York, all eminent law- yers, and without their certificate the money could not be drawn in London. After a very minute investigation these gentlemen granted their certificate, and Mr. Williamson in 1790 received his money. Another very accurate investi- gation of the title was made by the Commissioners of the Land Office of the State of New York. By an error in the first survey of the Genesee country, a considerable mis- take was made in the east boundary, or pre-emption line, which was rectified by a survey made by Mr. Ellicott and others in 1792 ; this correction of the line gave Mr. Wil- liamson eighty-four thousand acres more of land than was comprehended in the first survey made in 1789. As the Commissioners of the Land Office had then sold part of the eighty-four thousand acres to difl'erent individuals, and the important site of Geneva was included in the tract, it became necessary for them either to compensate Mr. Wil- liamson or other persons owning these locations. A law was accordingly passed at the session of 1793, declaring the line run by Mr. Ellicott and his associates the true boun- dary line of the lands known as the purchase of Messrs. Phelps and Gorham, and empowering the Commissioners of the Land Office to compensate the claimants, allowing the preference to the person holding under the title derived from Phelps and Gorham. Afler the fullest investigation of Mr. Williamson's title, the Commissioners of the Land Office granted him a patent for fifty-six thousand acres near Sodus Bay, in what is now Wayne County, as a compensa- tion for the lands he had surrendered to the State on the eastern boundary of the counties of Ontario and Steuben. Previous to granting the patent, the Commissioners of the Land Office received the report of the attorney-general, in which, after giving a deduction of the title, gave it as his opinion that Mr. Williamson was the legal owner of the land cut off by the line ; and, of course, in the same deci- sion was involved the whole title to the lands purchased of Phelps and Gorham. On the 2Gth of January, 1821, an act was passed enti- tled " an act to perpetuate certain testimony respecting the title of the Pulteney estate in this State." According to the provisions of this act, Robert Troup, Joseph Fellows, and John Greig were examined before Bowen Whiting, a master-in-chancery, as to the seizin, descent, and title of said estate, and an order was entered on the 28th of No- vember, 1821, to the end that said depositions do, in the opinion of the chancellor, furnish good prima fitcie evidence of the facts therein set forth ; and it was ordered that the depositions be filed in the office of the Register in Chancery, " there to remain as matters of perpetual record." Various questions involving the validity of the title have been litigated from time to time and finally carried to the Court of Appeals. In January, 1870, in the case of the People vs. Alonzo Snyder, the Court of Appeals unaui- mou.sly confirmed the title, and also in March, 1876, in the case of Henry C. Howard against George K. Bloot. We append the following ABSTRACT OF THE PULTENEY TITLE: '*I. Treaty of Cession between New York and Massachusetts, by Commissioners of each State, dated at Hartford, 16th December, 1786. Recorded in the office of the Secretary of State, in Booli of Miscel- laneous Records, M. R. [A], page 3S, etc., on the 2d day of February, 1787. "II. Conveyance to Nathaniel Gorham and Oliver Phelps, by, 1st, Grant of same lands to Nathaniel Gorham and Oliver Phelps, by an act of the Legislature of Massachusetts, April 1, 17SS. 2d. An act confirmiDg to Phelps & Gorham a certain portion of said lands, passed 21st November, 178S. Recorded in the office of the Secretary of State, in Book of Miscellaneous Records, M. R. [A], page 229, etc., 6th of February, 17S9. " III. Deed from Gorham and wife and Phelps and wife to Robert Morris, dated November 18, 1790, acknowledged before James M. Hughes, and recorded in the office of the Secretary of State, in Book M. R. [B], of Miscellaneous Records, page 169, etc., on the 2ith day of May, 1791. "IV. Deed from Robert Morris and wife to Charles Williamson, dated April 11, 1792, acknowledged before James AVillson, U. S. Judge, 20th February, 1795. Recorded in the office of the Secretary of State, in Liber of Deeds endorsed M. R. [I], at page 100, etc., on the 2Sth day of September, 1798. "V. Deed from Charles "Williamson and wife to Sir 'Villiam Pul- teney, dated March 31, 1801, acknowledged on the same day by Wil- liamson, and on the 16th day of May, 1801, by his wife, before Jacob W. Uallet, Master in Chancery. Recorded in the Secretary of State's office in Liber of Deeds, M. R. [M], page 30i, etc., on the 21st day of October, 1801. " 3d Rev. Stat., 2d ed., 225 sec. : Act to enable aliens to purchase and hold Real Estate, passed April 2, 1798. "Ibid., 226 sec. : ' Act explanatory,' passed March 15, 1819. " V'l. Exemplification from the Court of Chancery of, 1st. The death of Sir William Pulteney, intestate, and the descent cast upon Henrietta Laura, his only child, an heir-at-law. 2d. The death of Henrietta Laura Pulteney, intestate as to her real estate, and the de- scent cast in Sir John Louther Johnstone, her cousin and heir-at- law. 3d. The death of Sir John Louther Johnstone, in December, 1811, after making and publishing in duplicate a last will and testa- ment. This done under the act of the Legislature, passed 26th Jan- uary, 1821, to perpetuate this testimony. 20 J. R., 707 ; 5th Cowan, 321 ; 7 Wen., 367. " VII. Exemplitication from the Supreme Court of the will of Sir John Louther Johnstone, dated 7th August, 1811, and proved in the Supreme Court by John Birch Dawson, one of the subscribing wit- nesses, on the 3d January, 1820, devising his lands in America to Ernest Augustus, Charles Herbert Pierpoint, David Cathcart, and Masterlon Ure, in trust, etc. " VIII. Deed and release of trust from Charles Herbert Pierpoint to his co-trustees, dated 1st March, 1819. Proved before Lord Mayor of London by Isaac Samuel Clamtree, one of the witnesses, on the 25th day of March, 1820, and before Richard Rush, American Min- ister to Engl.ind, on 18th June, 1S23. This was done pursuant to Chap. 119, Laws of New York, 1816. Recorded in the office of the Secretary of State, in Book of Deeds, No. iO, page 472, etc., on the 23d day of September, 1823. " IX. Deed from Ernest Augustus, David Cathcart, and Mastcrton i Ure to John Gordon, conveying joint interest in lands and appointing i him co-trustee, dated 19th November, 1S27. Acknowledged 27th and j 30th May, 1834, by Ernest Augustus and David Cathcart, before Lord Mayor of London, and by Ure before the Lord Provost and Chief Magistrate of Edinburgh, on the 27th day of June, 1834. Recorded in Steuben County Clerk's Office, in Book A, Miscellaneous Deeds, March 11, 1836. "X. Proof of the death of Ernest Augustus on the 18th Novem- ber, 1851, and David Cathcart on the 26th of April, 1829. By exem- plified copy of commission and evidence, executed by Robert B. Campbell, United States Consul at London, on the 19th of May, 1860, with certificate of the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals. 46 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. This commission was executed pursuant to Chap. 161 of the Laws of New York, 1860, Session Laws of 1800, page 257. "XI. Deed from Mafi^terton lire aud John Gordon, dated 1st Jan- uary, 1851, conveying all the interest of Gordon in the estates to Craven, Oswald, and Estcourt as co-trustees with Ure. Recorded in Steuben County Clerk's Office, 12th November, 1853, Book of Deeds 69, at page 49, etc.; also, in Ontario County Clerk's Office, in Liber 101, at page 148, etc., on the 26th day of November, 1852; also, in Monroe County Clerk's Office, in Liber 105. at page 407, on the I8th day of January, 1853. "XII. Deed and release of trust from Masterton lire to Craven, Alexander Oswald, and Edmund liucknall Estcourt, dated 4th April, 1859, acknowledged before George M. Dallas, U. S. Minister at Lon- don, on the 5th day of April, 1859. Recorded in Livingston County Clerk's Office, on the Sth day of August, 1859, in Liber 59 of Deeds, at jiage 278; also, in Steuben County Clerk's Office, Oct. 15, 1859, in Book 88 of Deeds, at page 539, etc. ; also, in Monroe County Clerk's Office, on the 11th January, 1800, in Liber 155 of Deeds, at page 160. " XIII. Proof of the death of Craven on the 25th day of August, 1806. by exemplified copy of comniission aud evidence, executed by F. II. Morse, consul of the United States in the city of London, Eng- land, on the 15th day of June, 1867, with certificate of Henry E. Davis, Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, dated 15th July, 1867. "This commission was executed pursuant to the laws of the State of New York. " XIV, Deed and release of trust from Alexander Oswald and Ed- mund Bucknell Estcourt to Henry C. Howard (commonly called Vis- count Andover), George C. K. Johnstone, Henry Chaplin, and James R. Farquharson, dated Nov. 12, 1867, and recorded in the Steuben County Clerk's Office, 2d day of May, 1870, at ten A.sr., Book 128 of Deed?, at page 188, etc. "XV. Power of attorney from Henry C.Howard {commonly called Viscount Andover), George C. K. Johnstone, Henry Chaplin, and James R. Farquharson to Benjamin F. Young, dated April 11, IS68, and recorded in the Steuben County Clerk's Office, in Liber C of Miscellaneous Records, page 455, etc., on the 2d day of May, 1870." CHAPTER X. EAKLY SETTLEMENT OP THE COUNTY. Contemporary Settlements — Progress of Emigration AVestward — Opening of the Genesee Country — First Settlements in Steuben County — Advent of Col. Charles Williamson — Road from AVil- liamsport to the Genesee lliver — Benjamin Patterson. The advance-guard of civilization — the woodsmen aud pioneer farmers — had begun to move upon the wilderness of Western New York at the period when settlements were first made in this locality. Contemporary beginnings had been made in the forest and along the wild and fertile valleys of streams, hitherto navigated only by the gliding bark canoe of the Indian. The first Indian trader at Onondaga was Ephraim Web- ster, in 1786 ; the first Indian trader at Painted Post was William Harris, in the same year. Webster found his way to Onondaga Lake from New England, and Harris to the junction of the Conhocton and Tioga Rivers, from Penn- sylvania. These were tlie forerunners of two advancing armies coming into Western New York from different di- rections and by routes entirely separate. A glance at the progress of emigration westward will show that the beginning of settlement in this region was contemporary with the general movement for the coloniza- tion of New York west of the Mohawk. The State of New York, thrown upon her own resources, in 1779 and 1780 enlisted two regiments for the protec- tion of her frontiers, to serve three years, unless sooner discharged. They were to be paid and clothed at the expense of the United States, but the State pledged to them a liberal bounty in land. To redeem this pledge, as soon as the Indian titles were extinguished, the surveyor- general was instructed to survey these bounty lands and prepare them for the location of warrants. The survey was completed in 171)0. It embraced about two millions eight hundred thousand acres, in six-hundred-acre lots. The tract comprised all the territory within the present boundaries of Onondaga, Cayuga, Seueca, and Cortland Counties, and part of the counties of Oswego, Wayne, aud Tompkins. A large district of country adjoining on the east was thus put in the way of being settled about the same period that sales and settlements commenced west of the pre-emption line, though they did not progress as rapidly. Land-titles were in dispute, and emigrants chose to push on farther, where titles were indisputable. Speculation and fraud commenced as soon as the patents were issued, and by the time that settlement commenced there were but few the titles to which were not contested. In addition to other questions of title, the officers' and soldiers' wives held in a large majority of cases the right of dower. Land-titles upon the whole Military Tract were not finally settled till 1800, when a committee appointed by the Legislature, one of whom was the late Gen. Vincent Matthews, accomplished the work. In 17S4-, Hugh White and his family progressed beyond the settlements on the Mohawk, and founded what is now Whitestown. In the same year James Dean located upon a tract given him by the Indians near the present village of Rome. In 1787, Joseph Blackmer, who was afterwards a pioneer in Wheatland, Monroe Co., advanced and settled a short distance west of Judge Dean. In May, 1788, Asa Danforth, with his family, accompanied by Comfort Tyler, progressed far on beyond the bounds of civilization, locating in Onondaga Valley. There being then no road, they came by water, landing at the mouth of Onondaga Creek. The very earliest pioneers of all this region speak of " Major Danforth" and the comforts of his log tavern as compared with their camps in the wilderness. Another name has been introduced which should not be passed over with the mere mention. Comfort Tyler was conspicuously identified in all early years with the history of the western portion of this State. He was with Gen. James Clinton in the establishment of the boundary line between this State and Pennsylvania. He felled the first tree, assisted in the manufacture of the first salt, built the first piece of turn- pike, and constructed the first " stump mortar" in the On- ondaga region of country. He filled many important offices in Onondaga County, was one of the original projectors of the Cayuga bridge, a member of the Legislature in 1799, and the chief mover in the improvement of the Cayuga marshes. The Indians, who were his first neighbors, had great respect for him, and gave him the name of " To-whan- ta-gua," meaning one who could do two things at once, or be a gentleman and at the same time a laboring man. While a member of the Legislature, in 1799, he made the acquaintance of Aaron Burr. A charter having been pro- HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 47 cured for building the Cayuga bridge, Col. Burr and Gen. Swartout subscribed for the whole of the stock. At that time Col. Burr had other business connections in this recion. " Thus commenced the intercourse of Aaron Burr with the people of Western New Y'^ork, many of whom, with Col. Tyler, were drawn into the " great South- west expedition." Col. Tyler and Israel Smith were com- missaries of the expedition. They went upon the Ohio River and purchased supplies, and shipped them to Natchez. Col. Tyler was arrested and indicted, but was never tried. With fortune impaired by all this, in a few years after Col. Tyler removed to Montezuma, and became identified in all the early enterprises and improvements at that point. He built the first canal-barge, which appeared with flying colors at Syracuse on the opening of that portion of the Erie Canal in 1820. In the war of 1812 he acted as assistant couimLssary-general to the Northern army. He died at Montezuma in 1827. In the progress of settlements westward, there followed Danforth and Tyler, John L. Hardenburgh, who.se location was called in early years " Hardenburgb's Corners," now the city of Auburn. In 1789, James Bennett and John Harris settled on either side of Cayuga Lake, and estab- lisiied a ferry. This was about the extent of settlements west of the lower valley of the Mohawk, when settlements in the Genesee country began to be founded. The late venerable Joshua Fairbanks, of Lewiston, who, with his then young wife, came through from Albany to Geneva in the winter of 1789-90, was sheltered "the first night in the unfinished log house" of Joseph Blaekmer, who had become a neighbor of Judge Dean ; the " next night" at Col. Danforth's, there being no intermediate settler. They camped out the third night ; the fourth stayed with John Harris on Cayuga Lake. The parents of Gen. Parkhurst Whitney, of Niagara Falls, came through to Seneca Lake in February, 1790, camping out three nights west of Rome. It is mentioned,* in connection with the account of the early advent of Maj. Danforth, in May, 1788, that his wife saw no white woman during the first eight months. Tiiese incidents are recited to remind the younger class of readers that the pioneers of this region not only came to a wilderness, but had a long and dreary one to pass through before arriving at their destination. They literally passed through the " wilderness" to inherit their " promised land." In 1788 all the region west of Utica was the town of Wliitestown, and included in its jurisdiction all the settlers in the Genesee country. The first town-meeting was " held in the barn of Capt. Daniel White, in said town, in April, 17S9. Jedediah Sanger was elected supervisor. At the third town-meeting, in 1791, Trueworthy Cook, of Pompey, Jeremiah Gould, of Salina, Onondaga Co., and James Wadsworlh, of Geneseo, were chosen pathmasters. Ac- cordingly, it may be noted that Mr. Wadsworth was the first pathmaster west of Cayuga Lake. It could have been little more than the supervision of Indian trails ; but the "warning" must have been an ominous task. Mr. Wads- worth had the year previous done something at road-making, ^ Cla,rk's Onondaga. which probably suggested the idea that he would make a good pathmaster. In Clark's " Onondaga" it is said, " The first road attempted to be made in thi.s country was in 1790, under the direction of the Wadsworths, from the settlement at Whitestown to Canandaigua, through a coun- try then but very little explored, and quite a wilderness." At the first general election for Whitestown the polls were- opened at Cayuga Ferry, adjourned to Morehouse's, at Onondaga, and closed at Whitestown. At this period the settlements in Western New York had just begun. At Geneva (then called Kanadesaga) there was a cluster of buildings occupied by Indian traders and a few settlers who bad come in under the auspices of the Lessee Company ; Jemima Wilkinson, with her small colony, was upon her first location on the west bank of Seneca Lake upon the Indian trail through the valley of the Susquehanna, and across Western New York to Upper Canada, — the primitive highway of all this region ; one or two white families had settled at Catharine's Town, at the head of Seneca Lake. A wild region of wilderness sepa- rated the most northern and western settlements of Pennsyl- vania from those of the lakes and the Genesee Valley. All that portion of Ohio bordering upon the lake had of our race but the small trading establishment at Sandusky and the military trading post upon the Maumee. Michigan was a wilderness, save the French village and British garri- son at Detroit, and a few French settlers on the Detroit River and the river Raisin. In fact all that is now included in the geographical designation — the Great West — was In- dian territory, and had but Indian occupancy, with a few exceptions similar to those made in reference to Michigan. In what is now the western portion of the Dominion of Canada, there had been the British occupancy of a post, oppo- site Buffalo, early known as Fort Erie, and a trading station at Niagara, since the conquest of the French in 1759. Set- tlement in its proper sense had its commencement in Canada West during the Revolution. It was the oflfspring of one of its emergencies. Those in the colonies who adhered to the king fied there as refugees. The termination of the struggle in favor of the colonies and the encouragement af- forded by the colonial authorities gave an impetus to this emigration ; and yet at the period of the commencement of settlement in Western New York settlement was confined to Kingston and its neighborhood, Niagara, Queeuston, Chippewa, along tbe banks of the Niagara River, with a few small settlements in the immediate interior. Upon Lakes Erie and Ontario there were a few British armed ves- sels, and three or four schooners were employed in a com- merce which was confined wholly to the fur trade and the supply of Briti.sh garrisons. By the conquest of the French, Great Britain had prepared a place iu her Canadian colonies for those who chose to be loyal to her during the Revolutionary struggle, and would avail themselves of such an asylum, but they were an element too insignificant to colonize a country with, and were even despised and shunned by the better class of European emigrants. Within the Genesee country, other than the small settle- ment at Geneva, the Friends' settlement, which has been before mentioned, there were two or three Indian traders on the Genesee River, a few white families, who were squatters 48 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. , President of the Senate, a Commissioner of the Canal Fund and of the Land-Office, a member of the Canal Board, a trustee of the Idiot Asy- lum and of Union College, a Regent of the University, and a trustee of the Capitol and of the State Hall. Steuben County has had one citizen elected to this office, viz. : Hon. Robert Campbell, of Bath, elected Nov. 2, 1858. Mr. Campbell was also Regent of the University, appointed Feb. 2, 1846, vice Governor Dix, resigned. CANAL COMMISSIONER. Hon. Stephen T. Hayt, of Corning, elected Nov. 6, 1866. CANAL APPRAISER. Henry H. Hull, of Bath, appointed April 5, 1855. SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE BANKING DEPARTMENT. Daniel C. Howell, of Bath, appointed Feb. 3, 1870. SPEAKER OP THE ASSEMBLY. Hon. Daniel Cruger, of Bath, elected Jan. 30, 1816. William B. Ruggles, Deputy Attorney-General, appointed Jan- uary, 1878. STATE SENATORS. Prior to the constitution of 1821, Steuben County was a part of the large district designated the Western Sena- torial District, and was represented, among others, by the following persons, residents of this county : Vincent Matthews,'* 1798-1804. Henry A. Townsend, 1811-15. * Mr. Matthews lived at Elmira when first elected, but afterwards removed to Bath. Under the constitution of 1821, this county was in- cluded in the Eighth Senatorial District, with Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Mon- roe, Niagara and (after Nov. 12, 1824) Orleans Counties. April 18, 1826, Steuben County was transferred to the Sixth Senatorial District. During this period the senators from this county were the following : Grattan H. Wheeler, 1829-32. George Huntington, 1836-40. Under the constitution of 1846, Steuben and Chemung Counties constituted the Twenty-sixth Senatorial District, until the act of April 13, 1857. Steuben. Schuyler, and Chemung Counties then became the Twenty-seventh Sena- torial District, and have so remained. The Senate consists of thirty-two members, who are elected each odd year. The rest of the senators from this county have been the following : William M. Hawley, 1848-49. William J. Gilbert, 1851.t Andrew B. Dickinson, 1854-55. John K. Hale, 1856-57. Samuel II. Hammond, 1860-61. Stephen T. Hayt, 1864-66. G. T. narrower, 1872-73. George B. Bradley, 1874-76. George B. Bradley, 1876-78. Ira Daveuport, 1878-80. MEMBERS OP ASSEMBLY, 1798-1822. The Assembly has always been chosen annually. It consisted at first of seventy members, with the power to increase one with every seventieth increase of the number of electors until it contained three hundred members. When the constitution was amended, in 1801, the num- ber had reached one hundred and eight, when it was reduced to one hundred, with a provision that it should be increased after each septennial census, at the rate of two annually, until the number reached one hundred and fifty. This increase was twelve in 1808 and fourteen in 1815. Members in the several counties were elected on the general ticket, and the Assembly selected from the Senators annu- ally the Council of Appointment. Steuben County was at first districted with Ontario, and represented in the Legislature in 1798.J Her members of Assembly under the first constitution were as follows : 1798. Charles Williamson. 1812. Jacob Teeple. 1799. Charles Williamson. 1813. Jacob Teeple. 1800. Charles Williamson. 1814. D.aniel Cruger. 1804. James Faulkner. 1815. Daniel Cruger. 1805. John Wilson. 1816. Daniel Cruger. 1806. John Wilson. 1817. William B. Rochester. 1807. John Wilson. 1818. William B. Rochester. 1808. George Hornell. 1819. John Dow. 1809. Henry A. Townsend. 1820. John Dow, 1810. John Knox. 1821. John Dow. 1811. John Knox. 1822. Grattan H. Wheeler. "f" Extra session. X Eleazer Liudley, of the town of Lindley, was a member of As- sembly for Ontario County in 1792. Col. Williamson represented the same county in 1796. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 61 EMBERS OF ASSEMBI.V", 1822-184?. 1838. Samuel Grigga. David Hall. Manning Kelly. 18.39, Andrew G. Chatfield. Abram M. Lybolt. Johnson N. Uejnolds. 1840. Richard Brower. Andrew G. Chatfield. Abram M. Lybolt. 1841. Andrew G. Chatfield. Wm. S. Ilubbull. Samuel A. Johnson. 1842. Aaron W. Beach. Francis E. Erwin. Ziba A. Leland. 184.'?. Morris Brown. Francis E. Erwin. Ziba A. Leh-vnJ. 1844. John Jamison. Asa McConnell. Jeffrey Smith. 1845. Wm. C. Rogers. Ansel C. Smith. Jacob Van Valkenburgh. 1846. Andrew G. Chatfield. Oto F. Marshall. Wm. C. Rogers. 1847. Hiram Chapman. Wm. Bivin. Wm. Hunter. 1823. George McClure. William Woods. 1824. George MeClure. Grattan H. Wheeler. 1825. John Kennedy. James McBurney. I82fi. Daniel Cruger. Grattan H. Wheeler. 1827. Paul C. Cook. George McClure. 1828. Dugald Cameron. Wm. Woods. 1829. Randall Graves. Henry Phoenix. I8;j0. Andrew B. Dickinson. Josiah Duulap. 1831. Paul C. Cook. Josiah Dunlap. 1832. Edward Howell. John McBurney. 1833. AVm. Hunter. Wm. Kernau. 1834. Joshua Healy. Wm. Kernan. 1835. Jeremiah Baker. Joshua Healy. 183C. Lemuel B. Searles. / Henry Switzer. 1837. Henry G. Cotton. John I. Poppino. Benjamin Smead. MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY, 1847-1879. ASSEMBLY niSTRICTS. The constitution of 1846 required tlie Board of Super- visors of the several counties to meet on the first Tuesday of January succeeding the adoption of the constitution, and divide the counties into districts of the number apportioned to them of convenient and contiguous territory, and as nearly equal population as possible. After each State cen- sus, the Legislature is required to reapportion the members and to direct the time when the supervisors shall meet for the purpose of redistricting. Pursuant to this provision, the boards met in June, 1857, and in June, 1866. Fulton and Hamilton Counties together elect one member, and every other county one or more. Steuben County was dis- tricted as follows : First Dlslricl. 1847. — Bath, Prattsburgh, Pulteney, Reading, Tyrone, Urbana, Wayne, Wheeler. 1857. — Avoea, Bath, Bradford, Cohooton, Prattsburgh, Savona (from Dec. 30, 1859, to April 30, 1862), Urban.a, Wayne, Wheeler. 1866. — Avoca, Bath, Bradford, Cohocton, Dansville, Fremont, How- ard, Prattsburgh, Pulteney, Wayland, Wayne, Wheeler. Second District, 1847. — Addison, Campbell, Cameron, Caton, Corning, Erwin, Horn- by, Lindley, Orange, Thurston, Woodhull. 1857. — Addison, Cameron, Campbell, Caton, Corning, Erwin, Horn- by, Lindley, Rathbone, Thurston, Tuscarora (from Dec. 31, 1859), Woodhull. 1866. — Addison, Cameron, Campbell, Canisteo, Caton, Corning, Er- win, Greenwood, HartsvUle, Hornby, Horncllsville, Jasper, Lindley, Eathhone, Thurston, Troupsburgh, Tuscarora, West Union, Wood- hull. Third District. 1847.— Avoca, Canisteo, Cohoeton, Dansville, Fremont (from Nov. 17, 1854), Greenwood, Hartsville, Hornellsville, Howard, Jasper, Troupsburgh, Wayland, West Union. 1857.— Canisteo, Dansville, Tremont, Greenwood, Hartsville, Hor- nellsville, Howard, Jasper, Troupsburgh, Wayland, West Union. MEMBERS ELECTED. D\TE, 1848. 1849. NAME. DIST. Abel Kendall 1 John G. Mersereau 2 Alex. H. Stephens 3 Abm. J. Quackenboss... 1 John G. Mersereau 2 John K. Hale 3 1850. Edwin F. Church 1 Ferral C. Dininny 2 James Alley 3 1851. Chas. G. Higby I James M. Miles 2 Joel Carrington 3 1852. R.B. Van Valkenburgh 1 Benajah P. Bailey 2 Nathaniel M. Perry 3 1853. Dryden Henderson 1 John MeBurni-y 2 Henry H. Bouton 3 1854. John F. Williams 1 Bennjah P. Bailey 2 Obadiah Stephens 3 1855. Seth B. Cole 1 Sylvester Smith 2 Peter C.Ward 3 1856. Goldsmith Deaiston 1 Albert C. Morgan 2 Harlo Hakes 3 1857. R.B. Van Valkenburgh 1 George T. Spencer 2 Solon 0. Thacher 3 1858. R. B. VanV.alkenburgh 1 Washington Barnes 2 William B. Jones 3 1859. Abel Eveland 1 Wiekham R. Crocker... 2 John T. Plato 3 1862. Daniel B. Bryan 1 Henry Sherwood 2 DATE. NAME DIST. 1802. Samuel M. Alley 3 1863. John W. Taggart 1 Henry Sherwood 2 Horace Bemis 3 1864. William E. Bonham 1 Alexander Oleott 2 J. Harvey Stephens 3 1865. William E. Bonham 1 Alexander Oleott 2 Horace Bemis 3 1866. William B. Boyd 1 Amaziah S. McKay 2 Frederick M. Kreidler.. 3 1867. William B.Boyd 1 Christian Minier 2 1868. John F. Little 1 Lyman Balcom 2 1869. Monroe Brundagc 1 Samuel Mitchell 2 1S70. James G. Bennett I John Davis 2 1871. Thomas M. Fowler 1 James B. Murdock 2 1872. Thomas M. Fowler I Stephen F. Gilbert 2 1873. Stephen D. Shattuck... 1 Charles F. Houghton... 2 1874. Stephen D. Shattuck... 1 Lewis C. Pierson 2 1875. William B. Ruggles 1 Jerry E. B. Santee 2 1876. William B. Ruggles 1 Jerry E. B. Santee 2 1877. Azariah C. Brundage... 1 George R. Sutherland... 2 1878. Azariah C. Brund.age... 1 George R. Sutherland... 2 DELEGATES TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. The constitution of 1821 gradually grew into disfavor with the people, who demanded a new one, which should provide for the election of nearly all the officers by the people, instead of receiving their appointment from the Gov- ernor. Several other radical changes were also demanded, and after considerable agitation of the subject, a convention was ordered for the purpose of adopting a new constitution. The election was held Nov. 4, 1845, with the following result : ^* For a Convention" 313,257 " No Convention" 33,860 Agreeably to this expression of the popular will, an act was passed April 22, 1846, calling the convention at Al- bany on the 1st of June following, which met accordingly on that day, and adjourned Oct. 9, 1846. The delegates from this county were the following: Benjamin S. Brun- dage, Robert Campbell, Jr., William Kernan.* The new constitution was submitted to the people Nov. 3, 1846, and adopted by the following vote : Amended constitution, ' Amended constitution. Yes" 221,528 'No" 92,436 It came into force on the first day of January, 1847. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OP 1867. Assembled at Albany June 4, 1867; adjourned sine die Feb. 28, 1868. President. — William A. Wheeler, Malone, Franklin Co, Secretary.- — Luther Caldwell, Elaiira, Chemung Co. Seryeant-at-Arms. — Samuel C. Pierce, Rochester. Delegates from Steuben County. — Hon. David Rumsej, Bath; Hon- George T. Spencer, Corning. ■^ General William Kernan, of Tyrone, then in this county, father of Hon. Francis Kernan, U. S. Senator, Utica, N. Y. 62 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. COUNTY GOVERNMENT. COUNTY CLERKS. George D. Cooper, March 31, 1796. Henry A. TowDsentl, Feb. 11, 1799. John Wilson, March 21, 1807. Henry A. Townsend, Feb. 8, 1808. Dugald Cameron, Feb. 16, 1810. John Wilson, Feb. 13, 1815. Edward Howell, March 19, 181S. John Metcalfe, Feb. 19, 1821. John Metcalfe, November, 1822. David Kumsey, November, 1829, William H. Bnll, NovemI>cr, 1832. William Hamilton, November, I83S. Paul C. Cook, November, 1S44. Paul C. Cook, November, 1847. Philo P. Hubbcll, November, 1850. Chas. W. Campbell, November, 1853. Samuel M. Alley, November, 1856. OrsoD Moeber, November, 1859. Oscar J. Averin, Novemljer, 1862. Allen A. A^ao Orsdale, November, 1S65_ Nirom M. Crane, November, 1868. Henry Faucett, November, 1871. Archibald E. Baxter, November, 1874. Lucius A, Waldo, November,. 1877. SHERIFFS. Sheriffs are elected for a term of three years, and are ineligible for the next succeeding term. Under the first constitution they were appointed annually by the Council of Appointment, and no person could hold the ofiice for more than four successive years. The sheriff could hold no other office, and must be a freel»older in the county for which he was appointed.* The following have been the sheriffs of Steuben County : William DuDn, March 31, 1796. John WilsoB, March 3, ISOO. Dugald Cameron, February 22, 1804. Jacob Tccplc, February 16, 1808. Howell Bull, March 22, 1810. Cornelius YouDglove, March 25, 1811- Thomas McBurncy, March 7, 1812. BenJiamiD Wells, February 23, 1813. Lazarus Hammond, March 2, 1S14. George McClure, Fcbruaiy 28, 1815. Heni-y Shriver, March 2, 1819. John Magec, Fcbi-uary 19, 1821.t John Magee, November, 1822. John Kennedy, November, 1825. Alva Ellas, November, 1828. George HuBtington, November, 1831. John T. Andrews, November, 1834. Henry Brother, November, 1837. Hiram Potter, November, 1840. Hugh Magee, November, 1843. Henry Brother, November, 1846. Oliver Allen, November, 1849. Gabriel T. Harrower, November, 1852. Lewis D. Fay, November, 1855. Orange Seymour, November, 1858. Edwin B. Kasson, November, 1861. William N. Smith, November, 1864. Willis E. Craig, November, 1867. William B. Boyd, November, 1870, Holland B. Williams, November, 1873. Franklin D. Sherwood, November, 1876. » Const. 1777, Art. 26 ; Act Feb. 19, 1787. f Appointed, and then under new constitution elected in 1822. COUNTY TREASURERS. County treasurers are elected under the constitution of 1846, for a term of three years. They were formerly ap- pointed by the Boards of Supervisors in the several coun- ties. The following are the names of those who have held the office in this county : James R. Dudley, November, 1848. Perry S. Donahe, November, 1851. Alexander Hess, November, 1857. Peter Halsey, November, 1858. John T. Allen, November, 1861. Peter Halsey, November, 1864. Peter Halsey, November, 1867. Peter Halsey, November, 1870. Theodore A. Silsbec, November, 1873. Sebastian G. Lewis, November, 1876. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS. By an act passed April 17, 1843, the Boards of Super- visors of the several counties were directed to appoint county superintendents of common schools. The office was abolished March 13, 1847. During its existence the fol- lowing persons officiated for Steuben County : Ralph K. Finch, Bath. Alanson S. Phillips, Bath, SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. Prior to 1857 school commissioners were appointed by the Boards of Supervisors. Since that year they have been elected on a separate ballot. The first election under the act creating the office (chapter 179, Laws of 1856) was held in November, 1859. The following shows the school commissioners for this county and the districts for which they were respectively elected ; Name. Dist. George McLean 1 Stephen A^orhis 1 Eli H. Brown 1 R. R. Calkins 1 Joseph B. Westcott 1 George P. Averv 1 John C. Higby (2d) 1 Zenas L. Parker 1 G. Horatio Guinnp 1 G. Horatio Guinup 1 P. J. Farrington 2 Noble H. Rising 2 Name. Dist. Edmund D. Peckham 2 William M. Sherwood 2 Jacob H. W^estcott 2 Reuben H. Williams 2 Reuben H. Williams 2 Reuben A. Williams 2 AVillinm P. Todd 3 William S. Hale 3 Horatio Pattengell 3 Rodney Dennis 3 Albert T. Parkhill 3 Edwin Whiting JUDICIARY. JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT. Steuben County is included in the Seventh Judicial Dis- trict, with Cayuga, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Wayne, and Yates Counties. The justices of this court who have been residents of this county are the following : Hon. Thomas A. Johnson, Corning, April 7, 1847. Hon. Thomas A. Johnson, " Nov. 6, 1849. Hon. Thomas A. Johnson, " Nov. 3, 1857. Hon. Thomas A. Johnson, " Nov. 7, 1865. Hon. David Rumsey, Bath, Nov. 7, 1873.3: Hon. David Rumsey, " Nov. 1873.J J Appointed by Governor Dix to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Thomas A. Johnson. ^ Elected by the people for a term of fourteen years, which expires Dec, 31, 1887. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTy, NEW YORK. 63 Under the constitution of 1821, Hon. William B. Roch- ester, of Bath, was appointed Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit on 21st April, 1823. ASSISTANT ATTOKNET-GENERALS. This was the original designation of the ofiSce of district attorney. The district? embraced several counties, and were .seven in number (Act Feb. 12, 1796). The office was filled by the Governor and Council during pleasure. The attorney-general officiated personally in New York County. The following were the persons appointed under this act for Steuben County and the territory then constituting the Sixth District : William Stewart, appointed March 31, 1796. Nathiiniol W. Howell, " Feb. 9, 1797. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. The office of district attorney was created April 4, 1801. At first the State was divided into seven districts, as before, but subsequently several new ones were formed. The fol- lowing were district attorneys in the Seventh Dbtrict, in- cluding Steuben County : William Stewart, appointed March 2, 1802. l)a,n'\e\ W. Lewis, " March 9, 1810. William Stewart, '• Feb. 12, 1811. Vincent Matthews, " March 12, ISIS. Daniel t'ruger, " April 17, 1815. On the 21st of April, 1818, a law was passed making each county a separate district. The names of those hold- ing office under this law are as follows : Dimiel Cruger, appointed June 11, 1818. -lobn Cook, Henry Welles, Edward Howell, B. W. Frnnkliu, Edward Howell, Lazarus H. Read, Andrew (>. Chatfield, Morris Brown, Feb. 19, 1821. Oct. 22, 1824. Feb. 7, 1829. iS-M. June 21, lS:i6. March 4, 1840. Dec. 2, 1845. June 20, 18411. Under the constitution of 18-16 and the amended con- stitution of 18G7, district attorneys have been elected as follows : Alfred P. Ferris, elected June, 1847. Robert L. Brundagc, " Joseph Herron. " John Mayriard, " Chris. ,lobn McDowell, " Harlow Hakes. " .lohn II. Butler,* appointed .lubn II. Butler, elected .lohn H. Butler, " Alphonso H. Burrcll, " Ellsworth D. Jlills. " Ellsworth I). Mills, " November, 1850. November, 1853. January 7, 185B. November, 1859. November, 1862. 1865. November, 1865. November, 1868. November, 1871. November, 1874. November, 1877. COUNTT JUDGES. During most of the time under the first constitution the number of judges and assistant justices in the various counties differed widely, in some counties the number being as great as twelve of each. By an act passed March 27, * Appointed vice Herron, removed from the county. 1818, the office of assistant justice was abolished, and the number of judges was limited to five, including the first judge. Under the constitution of 1821, the judges were appointed by the Governor and Senate. Under the consti- tution of 184G, they are elected for a term of four years, and their salary fixed by the Boards of Supervisors. The County Court has, under the present constitution, jurisdic- tion in actions of debt, assumpsit, and covenant, in sums not exceeding one thousand dollars, and such other original jurisdiction as the Legislature from time to time shall give it. The Legislature under this provision has conferred upon the County Court equity jurisdiction for the fore- closure of mortgages, the sale of the real estate of infants, partition of lands, admeasurement of dower, satisfaction of judgments wherever seventy-five dollars is due on an un- satisfied execution, and the care and custody of lunatics and habitual drunkards. The constitution associates with the county judge two justices of the peace, to be designated by law, to hold courts of sessions, with such criminal jurisdiction as the Legisla- ture shall prescribe, and perform such other duties as may be required by law. The following have been the county judges who have officiated in Steuben County : Charles Williamson, March 31, 1796. William Kersey, Jan. 29, 1803. James Faulkner, Feb. Ifi, 1804. Samuel Baker, Jan. 18, 1813. Thoma.s McBurney, April 15, 1816. James Norton, Feb. 7, 1823. George C. Edwards, Jan. 13, 1826. Ziba A. Leiand, Jan. 9, 1838. Jacob Larrowe, April 17, 1843. William M. Hawley, Jan. 30, 1846. David McMaster, June, 1847. Jacob Larrowe, November, 1851. David McMaster, November, 1855. Washington Barnes, November, 1859. Guy H. McMaster, November, 1863. Guy H. McMaster, November, 1867. George T. Spencer, November, 1871. Guy H. McMaster, November, 1877. SURROGATES. Under the first constitution, surrogates were appointed for an unlimited period by the Council of Appointment. An appeal lay from their decisions to the judge of the Court of Probate of the State. Under the second constitution, surrogates were appointed by the Governor and Senate for four years. Appeals lay from their decision to the chan- cellor. The constitution of 1846 aboli.shed the office of surrogate, except in counties where the population exceeds forty thousand, and devolved its duties on the county judge. In counties exceeding in population forty thousand, the Legislature may anthoriie the election of surrogates. They are elected for a term of four years (except in New York County, where the term is three years), and are allowed to take the acknowledgment of deeds and administer oaths in the same manner as county judges (ch. 175, Laws of 1851). The duties of surrogate have been performed in this county by the county judge since 1847. Prior to that time the office was filled by the following-named persons : 64 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Stephen Ross, March 31, 1796. Henry A. Townsend, M.arch 24, 1800. George McClure, March 25, 1805. John Metcalfe, April 6, 1813. James Read, April 8, 1815. Samuel Baker, April 10, 1817. William Read, March 20, 1821. James Brniidage, March 28, 1823. William Woods, Jan. 8, 1827. Rohert Campbell, Jan. 31, 1835. David Rnmsev, Jan. 24, 1840. Ansel J. MeCall, Feb. 3, 1844. CHAPTER XV. BENCH AND BAK OF STEUBEN COTINTY. The establishment of a county and the location of a seat of jastice bring in due time a bench and bar. Steuben had no lawyers till the county was organized in 1796. The first arrival was George D. Cooper, from Rhinebeck, on the Hudson. He was appointed the first clerk of the county. The next arrivals were Messrs. Jones, Masterton, and Stewart, from New York City. These gentlemen of the legal profession were followed by William Howe Cuyler, of Albany. Mr. Cuyler was a fine, portly, elegant young man, of very fashionable and fascinating manners of the Chesterfieidian order. In 1812, Gen. Amos Hall appointed him aide-de-camp, and while stationed at Black Rock he was killed by a cannon-ball from Fort Erie. Maj. Cuj-ler was a very active and intelligent officer, and his death was much lamented. He left a young wife and one son. According to Gen. MeClure's account, the next lawyer who came to Bath was Dominick Theophilus Blake, a young man from Ireland. He was well educated, but his dialect and manner of speech afforded much amusement for the other members of the bar. Mr. Blake had but little practice, and remained in Bath but a short time. Samuel S. Haight, Esq., prior to his removal to Angelica, Allegany Co., was a prominent member of the Steuben County bar. He removed from Elmira to Bath, where he acquired an extensive law practice. Hon. Daniel Cruger, William B. Rochester, and other eminent members of this bar, studied law in his oflBce. Among the early lawyers was a Virginian, named Cuth- bert Harrison, whom Gen. McClure describes as a " man of good sense, and, whether drunk or sober, a good-natured, clever fellow." The following amusing anecdote, which was contributed by a member of the Steuben County bar to the " Knicker- bocker Magazine," is said to relate to Judge Helm, who resided at an early time in Bath, and became one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas : " Among them was a jolly old Virginian, Judge H , a sportsman of the old school of buff breeches and fair top-boots, well known throughout the country for genial habits and generous hospitality. He had been appointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Though little versed in legal technicalities, he possessed a fund of genuine common sense, which made him a good judge. On one occasion, in the absence of the first judge, it fell to him to charge the grand jury. The substance of the charge, so characteristic of the man and of his opinions, is here given : " ' Gentlemen of the Grand Jury : — In the absence of the first judge, it becomes my duty to address you. If you expect much of a charge, you will be disappointed, as it will be nothing but a squib. I see among you many gentlemen who understand the duties of grand jurors better than I do. I need only say, then, you know your duties, go ahead and perform them. The sheriflF has handed me his criminal calendar, by which it appears he has five poor devils in jail for various offenses ; two of them are for horse-stealing. Now, gentlemen, there are grades in crime, and common sense would indicate that the punishment should be in proportion to the criminality of the offense, as exhibited by the circumstances of each case. That I suppose is the law ; if it is not it ought to be so. You will understand what I mean by this, when I inform you that one of these scamps stole a slab-sided Yankee mare, while the other took a Virginia blood-horse. Two others are indicted for mayhem. One of them for biting off a negro's nose, which I think exhibits a most depraved appe- tite ; the other for gouging out an Irishman's eye, a most ungentlemanly way of fighting. I hope you will look well to these fellows. The last is a poor cuss who stole a jug of whisky. The article is so plenty and cheap that it may be had by asking, anywhere, and stealing it is the meanest kind of offense, and deserves the severest punishment that the law will permit. The great men at Albany have made it our special duty to charge you in regard to private lot- teries. What is the mighty crime involved in this business I cannot see, when hustling and pitching coppers is tolerated ; but I suppose they know, and as the law makes it our duty, I charge you to look out for them. Sheriff, select two constables, and march these men off to their duties.'" HON. VINCENT MATTHEWS. Vincent Matthews, who was for several years a leading member of this county bar, was born in Orange Co., N. Y., on the 29th of June, 1766. At an early age he was sent to an academy at Middletown, N. Y., and finished his classical education under the instruction of the great scholar and lexicographer, Noah Webster. In 1786 he commenced the study of law with Col. Robert Troup, of New York, and during his studies became intimate with Pendleton, Judge (afterwards Governor) Yates, Ciiief Justice Morris, Aaron Burr, and others whose names form a brilliant con- stellation in the history of New York jurisprudence. He thus bad rare opportunities, it being his privilege to see how justice was administered by Morris, Yates, Spencer, Kent, and Savage, and how forensic questions were managed by such master minds as Hamilton and Burr. Matthews was admitted to practice in the year 1790, and remained some time with Col. Troup. In 1793 he removed to Elmira. In 1796 he represented the Western District in the Senate of the State. Soon after he retired from the Senate he was appointed, with Hon. James Emott, a mem- ber of the Onondaga Commission to settle the difficulties growing out of conflicting claims and litigations respecting the Military Lands, a delicate and trying position, the duties of which were discharged with signal ability and success. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 65 In 1809, Mr. Matthews was elected to the Eleventh Con- ress from the then Fourteenth Congressional District, which onsisted of Cayuga, Seneca, Steuben, and Tioga Counties. le served one year in Congress, and returned to the practice f his profe.ssioD. In 1812 he was elected district attorney )T several of the western counties, and representing a large phere of official and professional labor. After holding the ffice a little over two years, his increasing professional busi- ess compelled him to resign, and his place was filled by ren. Daniel Cruger, of Bath. In 1816, at the solicitation f numerous friends in Steuben County, Gen. Matthews Bmoved to Bath. Here his popularity continued to increase, nd he soon became one of the most distinguished lawyers 1 Western New York. In 1821 he removed to Rochester, rhere his reputation as a lawyer had gone before him, and 'here he entered upon a large and lucrative practice, which e continued for the remainder of his active life. Gen. Matthews served in the Legislature, from Monroe Wnty, in 1826, in the Senate in 1839, and was ap- ointed district attorney for that county in 1831. He was sagacious, philosophical, and profound man, and an able iwyer, though never an active politician. He died on the 6th of September, 1846, in the eightieth year of his age, aving practiced his profession fifty-five years without iterruption excepting his official terms. GEN. DANIEL CRUGER. Daniel Cruger, whose ancestors were Huguenots, was a ative of Sunbury, Pa. He was born on the 22d of )ecember, 1780. He learned the printer's trade in his oyhood of a Mr. Webster, one of the earliest printers in ilbany, and afterwards started a paper at Owego, called the' hcego Democrat, which he edited and published for a bort time, when he sold his interest and came to Bath, his ither having previously removed here. For a while he ursued his occupation in Bath, but it proving injurious to is health, he entered the law-office of Gen. S. S. Haight s a student, with whom he continued till he was admitted 3 the bar in 1805, when he became a partner with Gen laight. About this time he was married to Miss Hannah !lement, a niece of Henry A. Townsend, Esq., a lady of reat refinement, intellectual culture, and graceful accom- li.sliments, who subsequently was as much admired in the olished and refined circles of Wa.shington and Albany, as er husband was esteemed and honored among the gifted tatesmen and lawyers with whom he associated in those ities. His ability as a lawyer soon exhibited itself, and he ecame, within a few years after the commencement of his ractice, one of the leading lawyers at the Steuben bar. Mr. Cruger served with the rank of major during the rar of 1812, and did gallant service with Gen McClure's rigade in Canada. In the fall of 1813 he was elected to lie Assembly. In 18U he was re-elected, and also in 815, and during this latter session was chosen Speaker f the House. It was a memorable contest between the Icpublican and Federal factions. Jacob R. Van Rensselaer ras the Federal candidate. So nearly divided were the actions in the House, that Mr. Cruger was elected by a majority of only one vote. He was a most efficient presid- 9 ing officer. It has been said, " Perhaps few men ever presided over a legislative body with more dignity and ability. He was a man of extensive and profound informa- tion, thoroughly conversant with parliamentary rules, quick of apprehension, and he perfectly understood the rules of debate ; without any apparent reflection ho could apply them to existing circumstances with perfect facility. His courtesy and urbanity in the chair were proverbial, and, notwithstanding the bitter animosity which governed the partisan strife of that day, he was exceedingly popular as a presiding officer." In 1815, Mr. Cruger formed a partnership with Hon. William B. Rochester, of Bath, subsequently one of the circuit judges of the State, an eminent and distinguished politician, a lawyer of fine legal attainments, a judge of superior abilities, a gentleman by birth, intuition, and prac- tice, a scholar, ripe and thorough, and an ornament to the bench, the bar, and the political arena. It is needless, perhaps, to add that the combination of such talents in this legal firm rendered it one of the most powerful and influen- tial in Western New York. On the 7th of April, 1815, Gen. Cruger was appointed district attorney for the Seventh District, consisting of the counties of Steuben, Allegany, and Tioga. The office of district attorney was at that time second only in importance to that of attorney-general, and it was while in the dis- charge of the duties of this office that Gen. Cruger attained his highest professional reputation. Through a series of years he wielded an influence in the counties of Allegany and Steuben almost unbounded. In the fall of 1816 he was elected to Congress from the then Twentieth Congressional District. Here his talents were not less conspicuous than they had before been in the State Legislature. He served in the House of Representa- tives as a member of the committee on the judiciary, and made several speeches, which attracted more than ordinary attention and won for him a high degree of respect. When De Witt Clinton was removed from the office of canal commissioner, meetings were held throughout the State, denouncing the act in the strongest and most em- phatic manner. When the intelligence reached Steuben County a large meeting convened at Bath. It was the largest meeting which, up to that time, had ever assembled in this part of the State. Gen. Cruger was called to pre- side. On taking the chair he made one of his character- istic speeches, — a speech of great power and efl^ectiveness, although entirely destitute of any attempt at oratorical display. It was the calm and dignified expression of his own deep feelings, rendering his plain words penetrating and enduring. Among other things he said : " Private citizens have rights as well as duties. The Legislature is but a co-ordinate branch of government, instituted for one and a single end, the duty of making laws. When it is perverted to other objects, to purposes of ambition or party spirit, we are authorized, we are bound to make such oppo- sition as shall call it back to a discharge of its proper duties, to endeavor to render it as pure as the imperfections of our nature will admit. Fellow-citizens, that the Legislature, in the removal of Mr. Clinton, has perverted its powers to party spirit, party rancor and hate, will be admitted by all 66 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. reasonable and thinking men. No prophetic inspiration tells that the people of this great State will surely vindi- cate him. I assert that they will do so, because I claim to know something of the people of this State. Fellow-citi- zens, the day will come when shame and confusion will fall upon the heads of the perpetrators of this outrage." Any measure which became necessary for him personally to carry into execution was never delayed on account of darkness or the elements. In such cases sunshine and tem- pest, day and night were all the same to him. The follow- ing incident illustrates this characteristic, and evinces a greatness of action which, had he been a military comman- der, would, in times of war, have rendered him formidable and victorious in the field : While in the discharge of his duties as district attorney under the large district system, he left Bath to attend a term of the Allegany Oyer and Terminer at Angelica. At that day lawyers as well as judges traveled from circuit to circuit on horseback. In those days Cruger was the owner of a valuable horse which he called Jingle Foot. He was a large bay animal, with a white star in his forehead, finely proportioned, and like his master, with whom he was a great favorite, capable of great endurance. He was as fleet as a deer and docile as he was fleet. Jingle Foot had for two or three years carried his master to all the courts in West- ern New York, and was therefore almost as famous as the steed of Alexander the Great. On this visit to Angelica, Gen. Cruger, as usual, rode his favorite horse. He reached that village some time in the afternoon of the first day of the circuit. On his arrival he found his Democratic friends in a state of great vexation, owing to an advantage which the Federals had apparently gained over them. About this time the term of the clerk of Allegany County, who was a Republican, was drawing to a close. That oflicer was then appointed by the Council of Appointment at Albany, which at that time was composed of Democrats (Republicans, as they were then called), and of course would appoint any person upon whom the leaders of that party in Allegany County could unite. This council was to meet on Thursday of that week, but as there had been some misunderstanding among the Democrats as to the proper person to recommend, no name had been sent to Albany. But in the mean time the Federals had been on the alert, and taking advantage of the misunderstanding among their opponents, had forwarded the name of one of their own party for the ofiice of clerk to the council. This fact had just come to the knowledge of the Democrats when Cruger arrived. The partisan contests of those days were bitter in the extreme. The appointment of a clerk was a matter of considerable advantage, and of course this was a serious affair, especially as it was now apparently too late to remedy the evil. Nothing could exceed the chagrin and mortification of Cruger on learning of this state of things. In a few moments his room was filled with the leading Democrats of the county. A Federal clerk in the county of Allegany ! Such a thing was not to be thought of for a moment ! But where was the remedy ? It was too late for any mail to reach Albany in time to prevent the appointment. For a time Mr. Cruger walked the room in a state of intense ex- citement. At length he sent for the landlord, and that person soon made his appearance. " Bullock," said Cruger, " have Jingle Foot well rubbed, fed, saddled and bridled within an hour and a half." He then sent for Gen. Haight, who was attending court at Angelica at that time. When that gentleman appeared he said, — " General, I want you take charge of my business during this term ; put over what causes you can and try the rest, for I am going to Albany." " Going to Albany !" exclaimed several gentlemen at the same moment. "Going to Albany, Cruger? What can you be going to Albany for?" asked Gen. Haight. " To prevent this county being disgraced by a Federal clerk," was the reply. " Why, good heavens ! Cruger," said a gentleman present, " you can't reach Albany in time to prevent that appoint- ment now." " Yes I can. Jingle Foot will land me safely in Albany between this and Thursday noon, or I am mistaken in him ; at any rate, he and I will make a trial to overturn the nice plans of these infernal Federalists," said Cruger. He next gave the general some further instruction con- cerning his business, and in due time word came that Jingle Foot was ready at the door. This was in the month of June. The sun was just going down as Mr. Cruger mounted his horse and rode out of the village. Night and day, over bill and dale, he pressed forward, stopping just long enough for refreshments and a little rest. Jingle Foot seemed imbued with the same deter- •mined enei'gy as his master, — seemed to gather fresh strength as he sped on his course. Such was his progress that just as the old Albany town-clock tolled the hour of noon of Thursday Cruger drew up in front of the City Hotel. " Take such care of that horse as you never did of any other," said he to the hostler, who came forward as he rode up ; and the noble animal was soon safe in the comfortable stables of the hotel. At the appointed time the Council of Appointment assem- bled. As Allegany County was the first on the list, that body was in the act of moving the person recommended by the Federalists for clerk of that county, when Daniel Cruger, to their great astonishment, stood before it. He was not long in relating the true situation of affairs in that remote region, and matters were soon arranged to his satis- faction. After resting a day or two in Albany, he again mounted Jingle Foot, returned to Angelica, and the Demo- crats of Allegany County rejoiced in the appointment of a clerk belonging to their own party, having learned a lesson which healed all dissensions among them. In person, Gen. Cruger was below the common height, somewhat thick-set, but with a manly, genteel figure and bearing. He was graceful and easy in his manners, and his conversation was refined and cultivated. Both himself and Mrs. Cruger possessed that genial hospitality which always filled their house with intelligent and pleasing guests. During the session of the courts at Bath their house was always the headquarters of the judges who presided. There Ambrose Spencer, Yates, and Van Ness rested from their HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 67 ibors in the court-room ; there too John C. Spencer, Elisha Villiams, Samuel A. Talcott, John A. Collier, David Wood- tick, and other eminent lawyers of the day, forgetting the ollisions of the bar, were entertained by Mr. Cruger and is accomplished lady, while many an agreeable hour passed y enlivened by pleasing and refined conversation. It was the custom in those days, when a presiding judge rrived at a county-seat, to receive him with public honors ; nd when the hour for the session to open arrived, the sheriff, 1 full uniform, attended by his assistants, carrying their Bspective badges of office, waited upon him at his lodgings nd escorted him to the court-house. In the court-room verything was conducted in the same formal manner. In 1828, Gen. Cruger sustained an irreparable misfortune 1 the death of his wife. In 1833 he married Mrs. Shep- rd, a highly-respected widow lady, of Wheeling, W. Va., 'here the general invested his property, and went to reside liortly after. Early in June, 1843, while attending a meeting of the irectors of Wheeling Bank, he was stricken down with poplexy, and died within a few moments after the attack. JUDGE WELLES. Henry Welles was born in Kiuderhook, N. Y., Oct. 13, 794. His father was Dr. Benjamin Welles, who was an minent surgeon in the Revolutionary army. Henry re- eived his early education at the Kinderhook Seminary, n 1814 he enlisted in a military company recruited in the ouuty of Steuben and commanded by Capt. John Ken- edy, of Bath. He was elected sergeant, and soon after, 3r his knowledge of tactics and military drill, was promoted 3 the rank of ensign. His company was attached to Col. lopkins' regiment of infantry, and, early in July, took be field, at Black Rock. In September, 1814, the American army took possession f Fort Erie. The British besieged the fort, keeping up a onstant fire for several days, and, at the same time, grad- ally approaching with their parallels, so that the officer in ommand congratulated himself that within a few short ours he would re-enter with his victorious columns. But n the morning of the 17th of September the Americans uddenly moved from their works, fell like a thunder-clap pon their besiegers, and, after a short but sanguinary attle, drove them from their works to the plains of Chip- ewa, with a heavy loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. In that battle young Welles exhibited the cool intrepidity f a veteran. As they were entering the works of the nemy, a British soldier discharged his musket at him. !'he bullet grazed his side and mortally wounded a young oldier who stood partly in the rear. About the middle of November, 1814, he returned to ?ath, and entered the office of Vincent iNIatthews as a tudent-at-law. His father had made the acquaintance of his eminent lawyer in the city of New York while the itter was pursuing his legal studies in the olfice of Col. Croup, of that city. After remaining in the office of Gen. JIatthews three 'ears, he was admitted to the bar, in October, 1817, with Ion. John B. Skinner, of Buffalo, who was also in the class ?ith him, three years later, when they were both admitted to the degree of counselor. Subsequently, they often met at the bar as opponents, and were often associated in the trial of the same causes. Immediately after his admission, Mr. Welles opened an office in Bath and commenced practice. Applying himself with untiring industry to his profession, he soon attained a very extensive practice both in Steuben and the adjacent counties. Among the lawyers practicing at the Steuben bar when Mr. Welles commenced his career were Vincent Matthews, William B. Rochester, Edward Howell, Daniel Cruger, General Haight, and William Woods, — names which dis- tinguish and adorn the bar. Soon after, Mr. Matthews removed to Rochester. Early in 1823, Mr. Rochester was appointed a circuit judge, and Mr. Cruger was in Congress. Thus many formidable competitors were removed, leaving Mr. Welles a more open field of labor. In October, 1824, he was appointed district attorney of Steuben County, — an appointment which was highly com- plimentary to him as a lawyer. His predecessor was Daniel Cruger, who was distinguished throughout Western New York as a lawyer and writer, eminent in Congress for his legislative abilities of a high order, and a politician of in- domitable energy and power. His life appears in another part of this chapter. Soon after Mr. Welles was appointed district attorney, a case occurred which called into action all his professional and intellectual powers. It was the well-known case of the People vs. Douglas. The defendant in that case was charged with having murdered a citizen of Steuben County by the name of Ives, under circumstances of great atrocity and cruelty. The victim was found in a piece of woods mor- tally wounded, in a speechle-ss and dying condition. Who the perpetrator of the foul crime was, remained for some time unknown. At length suspicion pointed to Douglas ; he was arrested, indicted, and in January, 1825, brought to trial. The matters relied upon for convicting him were merely circumstantial, but they pointed to him as the guilty man. The prisoner had many friends and some means- He prepared for a vigorous and determined defense. Hon. Edward Howell, Ziba A. Lelaud, and Schuyler S. Strong, Esqs., of Bath, were retained to defend him; the prosecu- tion being conducted by District Attorney Welles. The trial occupied several days, and was exceedingly exciting. Hon. William B. Rochester presided, assisted by Hon. James Norton, then First Judge of Steuben County. Every effort was made to save Douglas which his eloquent and able counsel could employ ; many abstruse and difficult questions of law arose and were discussed ; many thrilling circumstances were developed, in all of which Mr. Welles exhibited ability and learning equal to the occasion. The accused was convicted; but, on the trial, a circumstance oc- curred which set aside the verdict of the jury, and gave him a new hearing. While the trial was in progress, dur- ing one of its recesses, the jury visited a place where spirit- uous liquors were sold and partook of refreshments, some of them drinking intoxicating liquors. The counsel for Douglas alleged this act as a ground of error. The case was carried to the general term of the Supreme Court, and on the 25th of February, 1825, it came on for argument at 68 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Albany. The conviction was set aside, and a new trial granted the prisoner. This case is reported in the 4th of Cowen. In due time the new trial took place, and the prisoner was convicted and executed. Judge Welles continued to discharge the duties of dis- trict attorney until the year 1829, when his increasing civil business compelled him to resign. Hon. Edward Howell was appointed in his place. Mr. Welles continued to prac- tice at Bath ten years, when he removed to Penn Yan, where he continued to practice with success and distinction until elected a justice of the Supreme Court. As a lawyer he was not one of those " Who pit the brains against the heart, Gloss misdeeds and trifle with great truths." At the bar he gained the attention of the court and jury by the calm, candid manner in which he presented his case. Though not a rapid thinker, and sometimes slow in coming to conclusions, yet such was the perfect preparation which he gave his cases that he was always formidable as an antag- onist. He was like a heavy piece of artillery, not easily changed about, but always well and effectually aimed. His manner is well illustrated by the following anecdote : He was once engaged in the trial of an important cause, at Waterloo, in which the counsel opposed to him made an exhibition of his eloquence, and, in his conceit, a sarcastic allusion to the plain speaking of his opponent. In his reply Mr. Welles simply remarked that he never attempted the flights of oratory which the counsel opposed to him did ; and he could only say of him, as Junius did of the king, "The feathers that adorn him support his flight; strip him of his plumage and you fix him to the earth," and that he should endeavor in a quiet way to take some of the gentleman's plumage from him, — just enough, he trasted, to keep his good friend out of the clouds ; and he succeeded to the admiration of all present. In July, 1847, the first judicial election under the con- stitution took place. In the Seventh Judicial District, Thomas A. Johnson, of Corning, Henry Welles, of Penn Yan, Samuel L. Seldon, of Rochester, and John Maynard, of Auburn, were elected justices of the Supreme Court. These gentlemen were lawyers of the highest and purest professional character. As they had adorned the bar with their learning and talents, so also they added lustre to the bench, which since the adoption of the first constitution had been the admiration of the nation. For over thirty years the judges of the Seventh District have upheld the learning, dignity, and purity of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. Judge Welles discharged the duties of a justice of the Supreme Court nearly twenty-one years. The legal reports of the State bear ample testimony to his ability and research. It is said, " He entered upon the discharge of his duties with great industry and directness of purpose, and the student of the earlier volumes of ' Barbour's and Howard's Reports' will find the traces of his judicial labor to be quite as numerous and quite as valuable as those of any other member of the court." Judge Welles died at Penn Yan, March 7, 1868, in the seventy -fourth year of his age. HON. THOMAS A. JOHNSON. Hon. Thomas A. Johnson was born in Blanford, Hamp- den Co., Mass., May 15, 1804. His paternal ancestry was English, and his maternal Irish. His father was a small fiirmer, and his advantages for education were such only as the common schools afforded. In his early boyhood his parents removed to Colesville, Broome Co., N. Y. As soon as he was old enough, he spent his winters in teaching district school and in reading and study. He studied law with Hon. Robert Monell, at Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., and soon after admission to the bar he removed to Centre- ville, in the present town of Corning, which was then head- quarters for business in this region. As business moved eastward, he removed to Knoxville, and in 1839 became one of the first residents of the village of Corning, build- ing one of the best houses in the place at its commence- ment, in which he resided till the time of his death. He always took an active interest in building up and fostering the various business and social interests of the village. In 1841 he was appointed land commissioner for the Erie Railroad Company. With Simeon Hammond, now of Nunda, Livingston Co., N. Y., under the firm-name of Hammond & Johnson, he was half-owner of the water- power and mill property just east of Corning, and was in- terested in the same at the time of his death, as one of the firm of Johnson, Brough & Bostwick. Until his elevation to the bench he was in the active and constant practice of his profession. He was a Whig, of Free-Soil proclivities, and afterwards a Republican throughout his life. He was one of the first trustees of the school district in the village of Corning, and during his life an earnest promoter of education. He was, from its opening till his death, one of the trustees of the Elmira Female College. The town of Corning being Whig, he was chosen to a full share of the town ofiiees. The county, senatorial, and Congressional districts were largely Democratic, yet he had the courage to accept at various times a nomination by his party for the Senate and Congress, and stumped the district with great ability, al- though without success in securing his election. In 1847 he was elected by the Whigs to the ofiice of justice of the Supreme Court for the Seventh Judicial Dis- trict under the then new constitution. This county was included in the district by the active efforts of three men, who admired Mr. Johnson for his staunch advocacy of Whig principles, and were determined that Steuben County should be placed in a strong Whig district, so that he could be elected ju.stice of the Supreme Court. These tiiree were Hon. William Divin, member of Assembly (a resident of Reading, then in Steuben County) ; Hon. Francis H. Rug- gles, a senator from Chautauqua County (subsequently a resident of Corning) ; and Hon. Ira Harris, senator from Albany. Mr. Johnson's personal friend, Mr. Divin, with- out his knowledge, enlisted the two senators in the project, which was carried through without regard to geographical fitness, as the county of Steuben jutted southward to the Pennsylvania line. Judge Johnson was re-elected when his term expired, and twice afterwards, and thus held the office for twenty- ■'■•■->''^>-,fi,„„„..'. &.-/•"" .!,^^] < 'I HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 69 ve years. At the time of his death he was the senior istice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, luring the latter part of his life, he was one of the justices esignated to hold the general term of the Supreme Court 1 the fourth department. As a judge, no man of the past or present generation has een held in higher esteem for his integrity and judicial aility. His talents and character, which made him prom- icnt and successful at the bar, also gave him distinction nd honor on the bench. He received the honorary degree \' LL.D. from Hobart College, Geneva. He was a member of the Episcopal Church, of the tenets nd service of which he was an ardent advocate. At the me of his death, and for many years previous, he was a arden of Christ Church, Corning, and was the largest Dntributor to the erection of its present church edifice. He was, in an enlarged sense of the term, a friend of his illow-man, and was ever among the foremost in enterprises aving for their object the amelioration of human suffering, lenoe, at an early day, being duly impressed with the lisery and degradation resulting from habits of iutemper- ace, he became active in the cause, and was among the irliest advocates of the total abstinence pledge as the basis f temperance reforms. And during his long career of ublio life he maintained a strict and consistent adherence 5 the principles and practice of his earlier manhood. Inergetic and faithful in business, benevolent of heart, onscientious in principle, and genial and courteous in man- er, he had but to form an acquaintance to secure a friend. le lived a life void of oifense to his .fellow-men, and died f a lingering and painful illness, lamented by all who knew im. He departed this life Dec. 5, 1872. Judge Johnson married Polly H. Birdsall, of Greene, Jhenango Co., N. Y., June 7, 1830. She died March 1, 1865. Their children were Anna B., born Oct. 3, 831, married John Maynard, of Corning, Dec. 4, 1856, he died Aug. 17, 1865) ; Adelaide, born March 21, 1835, darried Chas. H. Thomson, of Corning, Sept. 26, 1855 ; ilary Louise, born Feb. 8, 1840, married Hiram W. Bost- rick, now of Franklin, Pa., Dec. 27, 1865 ; and Lizzie E., lorn Oct. 21, 1845. For his second wife he married, Dec. 26, 1866, Mrs iarah W. Parker, daughter of Hon. Henry Welles, of Penn fan, who still survives him. They had one daughter, dargaret Welles, born Aug. 22, 1867. All his children .re still living. JOHN BALDWIN. Mr. Proctor, in his " Bench and Bar of New York," gives he following sketch of John Baldwin, who practiced law or some time at Hornellsville : " Tho name of this eccentric and able lawyer will not soon be for- ;otten in the counties of Livingston, Allegany, and Steuben. His wit, lis humor, his withering sarcasm, have created a fund of anecdote .liuost ine.thaustible. If sometimes his wit descended to vulgarity — f occasionally lie wielded a tarnished weapon — we can excuse him, phen we remember thiit the native mould of his mind was above such icrvcrted use of his intellectual powers. His vulgarisms were like he rubbish and offal which sometimes surround the polished and lassie column, showing still the glory and grandeur of a cultivated irchiteeturo. "John Baldwin was born in Lebanon, Conn., and while very young ettled at Gonesoo, intending to make that place his permanent resi- dence. He had, on attaining his majority, received a competence from his father's estate, and tho advantages of a good education. Soon after settling at Genesco be entered the office of Samuel Miles Hop- kins, with whom he studied law, and after being admitted to the bar, commenced practice at Moscow, Livingston Co. Not long after he commeneed practice, by the failure of a brother whose paper he bad indorsed, he was stripped suddenly of all his earthly possessions and reduced to penury. He never again recovered his pecuniary standing. He remained at Moscow but a year or two after his misfor- tune, when he removed to Dansville, where, by his professional labors, he gained a fair practice and considerable notoriety for his witty say- ings and humorous speeches. While at Dansville his practice grad- ually extended into the counties of Allegany, Livingston, and Steuben. His good-humor, his never-failing fund of anecdotes, joined to his acknowledged professional ability, made him a favorite with his legal brethren and with the people. At this time the income from his pro- fession rendered him independent, but ho did not possess the faculty for accumulation. " In 1S35 he removed to Hornellsville and formed a partnership with the late Hon. William M. Hawley. This connection in business was attended by flattering circumstances, and gave Mr. Baldwin a grati- fying assurance of the confidence he had inspired. After his business relations with Judge Hawley were dissolve• J-OTr^«- Sari"— >^^^^^ y HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 71 }oDvention, and while in that body was a member of the Committee on the Powers and Duties of the Legislature. u 1872 he was appointed by Governor Hoffman a member f the Commission to Propose Amendments to the Cousti- ution of the State. On the 7th of January, 1873, he was appointed by Gov- rnor Dix one of the justices of the Supreme Court, to fill he vacancy caused by the death of the late Hon. Thoraa.s L Johnson, in the Seventh Judicial District, embracing 'ayuga, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Wayne, Yates, nd Steuben Counties. In November, 1873, he was elected y the people to fill the same exalted and honorable position ar a term of fourteen years. But by reason of age his ime will expire Dec. 31, 1880. Judge Rumsey, as a member of the bar, lias had a long nd distinguished practice. He has been engaged in many f the most difficult and laborious cases tried in the Su- reme Court and Court of Appeals, and has a reputation 3r integrity, fidelity to the interest of his clients, indefati- ;able labor, and legal acumen second to no other lawyer in his section of the State. Many interesting and important ases in which he has participated might be cited had we pace for them and did it comport with the wishes of Judge lumsey to have them inserted in a sketch for publication. As a justice of the Supreme Court, his rulings and de- isions are characterized by eminent impartiality, and his emeanor by that courtesy which always renders his inter- ourse with men agreeable. Judge Rumsey married, in 1841, Jane E., daughter of Ion. Anthony Brown, of Ogdensburgh, N. Y., and has iiree children. His only son. Col. William Rumsey, erved through the late war, and is his flither's successor 1 a large law j)ractice at Bath. HON. EDWARD HOWELL. Edward Howell was born in Nowburg, Orange Co., N. Y., )ct. IG, 1792, at which place and in the city of New York is early years were passed. In his boyhood he made several oyages to sea on board of a ship of which his father was laster. In 1808, he came to Sidney, Delaware Co., and t the age of seventeen was employed as a teacher in Una- ilia. He came to the town of Bath in the spring of 1811, nd was employed in farming, teaching school, and mer- hanJi.se till 1816, when he commenced the study of law fith Gen. Daniel Cruger, of Bath. In 1818 he was ap- ointed county clerk, and soon after postmaster of the vil- ige of Bath. In 1823 he was admitted as an attorney in he Supreme Court and solicitor in Chancery, and three ears later as counselor in these courts. In 1829 he was ppointed district attorney, and was elected to the Assembly a 1832. In 1833 he was elected to Congress, when he re- igned the oflBce of district attorney, to which he was re- ppointed in June, 1836. He was soon after appointed a Supreme Court commissioner. Mr. Howell for many years stood at the head of his pro- ession in this section of the State. During the time he ras in practice seventeen young men entered his office as tuJents-at-law, at difierent times within a period of about wenty years. To his great abilities and profound knowledge of the law Mr. Howell added a wide range of information, and a con- scientious fidelity in the discharge of his duties which commanded the respect and regard of all who knew him. He died Jan. 30, 1871, aged seventy-nine years. WILLIAM HOWELL, ESQ. William Howell, Esq., brother of Edward Howell, is still in the practice of his profession at Bath, where he has continued the same since 1830, a period of forty-nine years. He is now the oldest lawyer in Steuben County. He was born in Newburg, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1804. His father died in Unadilla, N. Y., and in 1811 his mother moved with the family to the Conhocton Valley, about a mile above Kanona, in the town of Bath. He came to the village in 1827, and commenced the study of law in the oflSce of Gen. Daniel Cruger. In 1830 he was admitted to practice in the Court of Common Pleas, and as attorney in the Supreme Court and solicitor in the Court of Chancery in 1833. HON. ROBERT CAMPBELL. One of the distinguished members of the Steuben County bar, as well as an incumbent of the second ofiicial position in the gift of the people of the State, was Hon. Robert Campbell, son of Robert Campbell, Sr., who was one of the first settlers of Bath, and second to no other citizen in point of honor and integrity. An old acquaintance, speaking of the senior Mr. Campbell, says, " He was one of Nature's noblemen, — kind, genial, honest, and true." His son, Robert, was born in Bath, in the month of May, 1808. After a preparatory course of study, he spent some time at Hobart College, Geneva, and in 1826 commenced the study of law in the office of Cruger & Howell, then the leading law firm in Steuben County. He was admitted to practice in 1829, and immediately opened an office in copartnership with W. T. Worden, Esq., at Auburn, N. Y. In a year or two he returned to Bath and entered into practice with Gen. Cruger, under the firm-name of Cruger & Campbell. Subsequently he formed a partnership with Hon. Samuel H. Hammond. He was a scholarly, laborious, conscientious, and successful lawyer, and attained a large and lucrative prac- tice. His devotion to his profession induced him for many years to decline political preferment. In 1842 he refused to accept the nomination for senator, which was tendered him by the Democratic Senatorial Convention. But in 1844 he was a member of the Democratic National Convention which nominated James K. Polk for the Presidency. The Legis- lature, in 1846, elected him a member of the Board of Regents of the State University, and he held the office at the time of his death. Also in 1846 he was elected a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and did efficient service in that important body. He was twice in succession elected lieutenant-governor of New York, — in 1858 and in 1860, — and presided over the deliberations of the Senate with great dignity and ability. As a member of the Canal Board, and indeed in all his official relations, he discharged his duty with singular fidelity and conscientious devotion to the public welfare. As a member of the bar he attained an honorable posi- tion. Though he never had the reputation of an eloquent advocate, — a gift which is often the result of rhetorical 72 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY. NEW YORK. fluency more than of a knowledge of the law, — he was a lawyer who prepared his briefs with great care, and who could urge his arguments before a court or a jury with great clearness and cogency. He was very systematic and labo- rious in his business habits, and a gentleman of courteous manners and a kindly and generous disposition. HON. WILLIAM WOODS. Hon. William Woods was one of the early and prominent lawyers of Bath. He was a native of Washington County, and studied law with Hon. Samuel Nelson, late justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, who married his niece. He did a very large legal business, and was one of the most popular men of his time. He was a member of the Legislature in 1823 and 1828, a member of Congress passage, and Mr. Rochester with a large number of pas- sengers was drowned. HON. DAVID M'^MASTER. Mr. McMaster was born in Unadilla, Otsego, N. Y., on the 21st of April, 1804. He is a graduate of Hamilton College, in the class of 1826. He began the same year the study of law at Norwich, Chenango Co., and in the fall of that year came to Bath, and continued his legal studies with Hon. William Woods, and was admitted in 1827. His first practice was in Bath, in 1827, in part- nership with Hon. Henry W. Rogers, and, with the ex- ception of one year in Clyde, Wayne Co. (1828-29), he practiced continuously in this village till 1847, a portion of the time in partnership with Ziba A. Leland and L. H. Read, both since deceased. '-^Mmiimm^^r. J). ^UJiyU^^'^-^^ from 1823 to 1825, and surrogate of the county from 1827 to 1835. HON. WILLIAM B. ROCHESTER. This distinguished member of the early bench and bar of this county was a native of Maryland. He read law in the oflBce of Gen. S. S. Haight, at Bath, where he practiced some time, and at one time in partnership with Hon. Wil- liam Woods. He was elected a member of the Eighteenth Congress in 1822, was a representative on the part of the United States in the Congress of the American States at Panama, and in 1823 was appointed one of the circuit judges of this State for the Eighth Judicial Circuit. He subsequently removed to Buffalo, N. Y., where he was for many years president of the Branch Bank of the United States in that city. His health failing, he started to spend a winter in Florida, for the benefit of that climate, on board the steamer Pidaski. The vessel was wrecked on its Under the new constitution, in June, 1847, Mr. Mc- Master was elected county judge and surrogate of Steuben County, which offices he filled in a manner creditable to himself and his constituents. In 1856 he was re-elected to both offices for a term of four years, and discharged the duties of the same with that care and fidelity characteristic of him both as a lawyer and a judge. Few men, either in their professional or official duties, have gained or retained the esteem and confidence of their fellow-citizens in a higher degree than has Judge McMaster. He was married, Feb. 13, 1828, to Miss Adeline A. Humphreys, daughter of the late Guy Humphreys, of Mareellus, N. Y., who died Oct. 7, 1841. By this mar- riage he has two children living. On February 22, 1843, he married, for his second wife, Mary, daughter of the late Hon. George C. Edwards, of Bath. Of the children by this marriage six are living. 1 1 HON. GEORGE T. SPENCER. Hon. Geo. T. Spencer is a lineal descendant of the sixth generation from Jared Spencer, who emigrated to America about 1634, and settled first at Cambridge, Mass., then called Newtown ; subsequently at Lynn, Mass. ; afterwards at Hartford ; and was at Haddam, €onn., in 1662, where he died in 1685. His son Thomas migrated to the town of Saybrook, Conn., about 1679, where the family remained, and where Judge George T. Spencer was born, Nov. 6, 1814. His father, George Spencer, was a manufacturer of ivory combs, piano-keys, etc., and wa.s among the earliest manufacturers in this country of that class of goods. He marriwl Julia Pratt, of Saybrook, who was a de- scendant of Rev. William Pratt, of Baldock, Hertford- shire, England, through William Pratt, the emigrant of 1633, who was among the early settlers of Saybrook in 1645, known as Lieutenant William Pratt. Of this union were born two sons and three daughtere, of wliom Judge Sjiencer was eldest. His father died at the age of ninety-one, July 24, 1877. His mother died March, 1845, at the age of fifty-nine. Judge Spencer received his preliminary education at the common sciiool, at Lees Academy, Connecticut, and at Amherst Academy, Massachusetts. In 1833 he entered Yale College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1837, with classmates William M. Evarts, Secretary of State ; Morrison R. Waite, Chief Justice of the United States; and Edward Pierre- pont, late Minister to the Court of St. James. In 1839 he entered the law office of Governor Ells- worth, at Hartford, Conn., and subsequently was a stu- dent with John G. Forbes, of Syracuse, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in July, 1841. In August of the same year he began the practice of the law in Corning, where he has remained continuously until the present time. He was formerly a Whig, but became a member of the Republican party upon its formation. In 1857 he was a member of the Legislature of the State, and served upon the committee on the judiciary. In 1867 he was a member of the Constitutional Con- vention, and from 1872 to 1876, inclusive, judge of Steuben County. In the year 1842 he married Harriet, daughter of Ira Stacy, of Belchertown, Mass. Their children are George Spencer, of St. Cloud, Minn. ; Mrs. Horace N. Pond, of Boston, Mass. ; Mrs. Rev. Albert W. Hubbard, of Sivas, Turkey ; Betsey ; Clarissa ; and Hugh. I ,/' W* ' ;|, JUDGE WILLIAM M. HAWLEY. SVith the eminent lawyer whose name stands at the head of this sketch is aasoci- ■d much of the history of Steuben County and Wester-i New York, while the record self-mnde men presentB few higlier triumphs of unassisted energy and exertion in is exhibited in his life, for he was in every sense the architect of his own ff Almond. In the spring of 1X24 he was elected one of the constables of ni town. At this time inipriaonnicnt for debt had not been abolished, and this ic of barbarism greatly enhaiu'ed the duties and re»iiM)nsildlitie8 of conslalilea. tlie discharge of his official duties be was often one -jf the attending constables the van. 'uscnurta held m Aiigclirti. Although Alb-gany C>ounty was remote from e more culiivKted portions of tlie State, yet its courts were graced by the most irned and able judges and advocates of that day, Nothini; occurred which escaped * notire; the I^gal contests of these gifted advociites wer.- watched by Mr. Hawley th intense interest, and when the law was pronounced by those profound judges heard and garnered up all that fell from their lips. During the first term of court whirh he attended at Angelica he entered his name a law student in the office of the late George Miles, then a leading member of the legany bar. As his means did not admit of his devoting his entire time to the 3ce, he pursued his studies at home when relieved from other duties. Thus he ntinuf'd for two years. Declining the office of constjible. he commenced practice justices' courts, in the mean time continuing his legal studies. A distinguished wyer, who in those days often met him in justices' courts, remarked that Hawley led a c;i3e before a justice with altility sufficient to distinguiah in any court. His uses were conducted with clignity, propriety, skill, and beaming. Indue time Mr. Hawley completed his law studies, and pjissed in a credit;ible man- nvention. After retiring from the Senate, Judge Hawley n^ver again sought for official posi- tions, but confined himself exclusively to his profession, and although fortunate in his financial matters, he cj)ntinued to practice until within a short period of his death, wliich occurred Feb. 9, 18f>9. As late ajH 1868, September, at the Steuben circuit held at Corning, he appeared and conducted a very important divorce case, and there appeared no diminution in his fine mental powei-s, and he stood at the bar, aa he had for years, an able and powerful competitor, though his health had been for some time declining. Few lawyers were more perfect in their preparation of a case for trial or argument than he. His papers always exhibited a brief philosophic statement of legally deducted facts, what a cor- rect system of pleading demands. As a friend he was sincere andundeviating; unpretending and easy in his manners, with pleasant, even fine conversational powt-rs, he was an atti*active companion. There was a seeming humor in his manner that drew the young as well as the old to him, and which disgnis-'d his faults. As a speaker he was calm, temperate, and logical ; he knew bow to enliven a dry theme with a proper play of the imagination, and thus give relief to the fatigue of cbtse attention. In the argument of a purely legal question, at special or general term, he avoided all florid language, and sought perspicuity and preciseness of expression. Ah a citizen he was public-spirited, sedulous to advance the interests of the com- munity in which he lived, and reaaonably active in all projects of public improve- ment. Some years previous to his decewe he unitwl with the Episcopal Church at Hornellsville. In his domestic relations he was a kind husband aud indulgent and liberal father. Ill HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 73 HON. JOSEPH G. MASTEN. Hon. Joseph G. Hasten was a son-in-law of Dugald Cameron, and a lawyer who attained to considerable dis- tinction. He came to Bath about 1832, was admitted to the Common Pleas, and practiced in partnership with Henr^' W. Rogers. About 1836 he and Rogers removed to Buffalo, where he afterwards became mayor of that city and justice of the Superior Court. He was also a member of the Con- stitutional Convention of 1867. He died in Buffalo about 1872. HENRY W. ROGERS, ESQ., came to Bath from Sidney Plains, N. Y., about 1827. He taught school, read law with Hon. Henry Welles, and be- came a partner with Hon. David McMastor, with whom he practiced for some considerable time. He then formed a partnership with Mr. Hasten, and both practiced together till they removed to' Buffalo. Mr. Rogers now resides at Ann Arbor, 3Iich. During his residence in Buffalo he was collector of that port, and was also prosecuting attor- ney, acting in the famous Ratlibun case. VINCENT M. CORYELL. Vincent M. Coryell was admitted to the practice of law in Bath in 1822, and was for a short time a partner of Judge Welles. He subsequently became a Methodist cler- gyman. Mr. Coryell was a son-in-law of Dugald Cameron. SCHirYLER S. STRONG, ESQ. Schuyler S. Strong, Esq., came to Steuben from Orange Co., N. Y. In December, 1822, he formed a partnership with Hon. William Woods, and in 1824 became associated in practice with Hon. Edward Howell. He took a leading part in the trial of Robert Douglas for murder at Bath in 1825. Some years later he removed to Springfield, III., where he died in 1843. He was a son-in-law of Gen. Daniel Cruger, and Mrs. Strong is still living at Bath. AN.SON GiBBS, Esq., was also a practicing attorney at Bath in 1820 and 1821. He removed to Ellicottville, where he was prominent as an attorney. John Cook, Esq., was also an attorney at Bath for many years, and died there. He followed Daniel Cruger as district attorney, being appointed Feb. 19, 1821. HON. S. H. HAMMOND. Hon. Samuel H. Hammond, who, for a time, was partner with Mr. Campbell, was a man of very different mould and temperament. Though gifted with rare powers he disliked the routine and drudgery of a law-ofiBce, and books of reference were his abhorience. The scenes of nature, the wild solitudes of mountain and glen, the sports of hunting and fishing, were, on the contrary, his delight, and he often found them so tempting a pastime as to seriously interfere with anything like systematic attention to professional duties. He was at times, and, it may be said, generally, eloquent as an advocate, and was a graphic and rhetorical writer. He was from temperament and habit better adapted to journal- ism than to the law, and in the former sphere he is best known and will be longest remembered. He wrote many beautiful and tender things both in prose and poetry, which IQ those who knew him best love to cherish as mementos of his genius. Mr. Hammond was a son of Lazarus Hammond, the founder of Hammondsport. He was educated at Franklin Academy, Prattsburgh. He began the study of law with Gen. S. S. Haight, at Angelica, and finished in the office of Cruger & Howell, at Bath. He was admitted in 1831. After practicing for a time at Baldwinsville, N. Y., he re- turned to Bath, and, in 183G, formed a partnership with Hon. Robert Campbell, which lasted till 1842. The year following he opened practice in Albany, and was there elected district attorney. In 1853 he commenced editing the Albany Register, and closed his connection with that paper in 1856. He afterwards practiced law in company with Hon. William Irvine, of Corning, and in November, 1857, became a partner of A. P. Ferris, Esq., at Bath. In 1859 he was elected to the Senate from this senatorial dis- trict. In 1864 he removed to Watertown, N. Y., where he died in November, ly78. [For biographical .sketches of Hon. George B. Bradley, C. H. Thomson, PIsq., E. D. Hills, and others, see History of Corning.] HON. WASHINGTON BARNES. Hon. Washington Barnes was county judge of Steuben County from 1860 to 1864. He settled quite early at Painted Post; studied law with Thomas A. Johnson, of Corning, and was admitted to practice in 1836. He after- wards practiced law five years in company with Ansel J. HcCall, Esq., of Bath. He was a very earnest and conscien- tious man in all his dealings, strictly honest and entirely free from all the tricks aud subterfuges by which professional men and politicians of a different stamp too often seek emolument and influence. He died in Bath in 1868. HON. G. II. M^MASTER. Guy Humphries HcHaster was born in 1829 ; prepared for college at Franklin Academy, Prattsburgh., and in the select schools of Bath ; graduated at Hamilton College, New York, in the class of 1847 ; was admitted to the bar in 1852; elected county judge in 1863; re-elected in 1867, and again in 1877. He wrote the " History of the Settle- ment of Steuben County" in 1850, while a student^at-law. ANSEL J. MrCALL, ESQ. Ansel J. McCall, Esq., has been a member of the Steu- ben bar and in continuous practice at Bath since 1842. He was born in the town of Painted Post (now Corning) Jan. 14, 1816. After a preparatory course at Franklin Academy, Prattsburgh, he entered Union College, and was graduated in the class of 1838. He commenced the study of law in company with Hon. David HcHaster, at Bath, and completed his clerkship in the office of Hammond & Camp- bell, being admitted, and entering into partnership with Washington Barnes, Esq., in 1842, with whom he con- tinued to practice for a period of five years. He subse- quently practiced several years in company with A. P. Ferris, Esq. In 1843 he was appointed by Governor Bouck surrogate of Steuben County, and held the office till the new constitution came in force, Jan. 1, 1847. JVJr. McCall is a veteran lawyer, and is not only well in- 74 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. formed in liis profession, but upon all the topics of local and general interest. Few men in the county are more conversant with its men or have preserved more of its history than he. He is a very genial and companionable gentleman, and one of those persons who never seem to grow old. ALFRED p. FERRIS, ESQ. Alfred P. Ferris, Esq., was born in the town of Milo, Yates Co., on the 29th of November, 1818. He received an academical education at Franklin Academy, Prattsburgh, and came to Bath, Jan. 1, 18i0. He studied law with Hon. Z. A. Leland and S. H. Hammond, and was admitted in 1843. Mr. Ferris has practiced law in Bath ever since. At the .special election under the new consti- tution in June, 1847, he was elected district attorney, and held the ofiBce till Jan. 1, 1851. CHARLES F. KINGSLEY, ESQ. Charles F. Kingsley was boru in the town of Urbana, in this county, on the 29th of September, 1835. After re- ceiving a common-school education, he spent two years at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, N. Y. Studied law and was admitted to practice in December, 1857. He commenced practice in Prattsburgh in 1858, and settled in Bath in 18G0, ivhere he has followed his profession ever since. HON. WILLIAM E. BONIIAM. Hon. William E. Bonham, now of Hornellsville, was born at Painted Post. Read law with Hon. Washington Barnes, at Bath, with whom be practiced for some time in part^er.^hip. In 18G4-G5 he was a member of the Legis- lature, in which he creditably represented the first district of Steuben County. He is a good lawyer, a man of integ- rity, and a genial, courteous gentleman. HON. L. H. READ, who formerly practiced in Bath, was a native of Steuben County. His grandparents were among the early settlers of that part of the town of Bath now included in Urbana. He studied law with Edward and William Howell, and began practice in Hammondsport. About 1839 he re- moved to Bath, and became a law partner of Hon. David McMaster. In 1850, President Fillmore appointed him Chief Justice of Utah, to which Territory he removed. After performing the judicial functions for one year, he resigned and returned to Bath, where he died in 1853 or 1854. HON. ZIBA A. LELAND. Ziba A. Leland was a native of New England, and was educated at Williams College. He came to Bath about 1822. He was eminently successful in the practice of his profession. In 1838 he was appointed Judge of the old Court of Conmion Pleas, as the successor of Judge Edwards, who died in November, 1837. Judge Leland removed from this county to Auburn, N. Y., where he became a law partner of Hon. George Rathbun. He died at Mechanics- ville, Saratoga Co., about 1873. HON. ANDREW G. CHATPIELD. Hon. Andrew G. Chatfield was for quite a number of years a practicing attorney at Addison, in this county. He was member of Assembly from this county in 1839, 1840, 1841, and in 184G, and di.?trict attorney in 1845. He subsequently removed to Minnesota, where he became a justice of the United States District Court, and where he died not long .since full of honors. F. C. DiNiNNY, now a resident of Elmira, formerly practiced law in Addison. Hon. F. R. E. Cornell also commenced the practice of law in Addison. He removed to Minnesota, where he became attorney-general of the State, and is now one of the justices of the Supreme Court. HON. HARLO HAKES. Harlo Hakes was born in Harpersfield, Delaware Co., N. Y., Sept. 23, 1823. His father, Lyman Hakes, was a native of Berkshire Co., Mass., and settled in Harpersfield at about the age of twenty-two. He married soon after Nancy Dayton, a native of Connecticut. He was a man without early opportunities for book knowledge but po.s- sessed that native talent to be found often among the earlier settlers of the country. In after-life he became a careful observer of the events of his time, and a student of literature. He was by occu- pation a farmer, yet by his own self-exertion and reading he acquired a prominent place in the better-informed circles of society. He was identified with the Whig party in politics, and in the year 1841 received the appointment of judge of Delaware Co., N. Y., by the Hon. William H. Seward, at that time Governor of the State. He died at the age of eighty-five, in Harpersfield, in the year 1873, leaving three sons, Lyman, Harlo, and Harry, — the eldest, a lawyer of Wilkesbarre, Pa., from 1840 until his decease in 1874 ; the younger, a part of his life a mem- ber of the medical profession, but now a practicing attorney of Wilkesbarre, Pa., having associated with him in prac- tice his nephew, Lyman H. Bennett. His daughters are Mrs. Phineas L. Bennett, of Harpers- field, N. Y., and Mrs. Joseph G. MeCall, of Michigan. Mr. Harlo Hakes spent his time until about twenty-eight years of age on his father's farm, attending school winters until he was seventeen, and was for eight successive terms a teacher. In the year 1851 he entered the office of Rufus King, of Davenport, Delaware Co. (_now of Elmira), as a law student, where he remained nearly two years. He then became a student with Judge Harris, of Albany, and after attending one course of lectures at the Albany law school was admitted to the bar, 1853, and in May of the same year settled in Hornellsville, N. Y., where he has Ve- mained in the practice of his profession until the present time. In the year 1855, Mr. Hakes married Mary, youngest daughter of J. D. Chandler, of Hornellsville. Their chil- dren are M. Evelyn, Hattie V., and Carrie M. Mr. Hakes was chosen to represent his Assembly district in the State Legislature for the year 1856, and served on the judiciary committee during the term. In 1862 he was elected district attorney of the county, which office he held ■'Cf SoHwJ Sarla.tr- . ^ W HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTr, NEW YORK. 75 for three years. During the year 1865 he associated with him in the law business James H. Stevens, Jr., a gentle- man of fine legal ability. This firm has enjoyed a very large law practice in this and surrounding counties during the term of partnership, which still continues. In the year 18G7, jMr. Hake.s was appointed registrar in bankruptcy for the Twenty-ninth Congressional District, comprising the counties of Allegany, Steuben, and Chemung, which office he now holds. He has been somewhat active in political circles, and interested in questions affecting the changes in our nation's history. He was originally a mem- ber of the Whig party, and was a delegate to the Baltimore Convention that nominated Bell and Everett for President and Vice-President, since which time he has been a sup- porter of the Republican party, and its representative of the Twenty-ninth Congressional District of New York ; was a member of the Cincinnati Convention in the year 1876 that made Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes the Republican nominee for the presidency of the United States. In addition to his professional and official duties he has been thoroughly identified with the growing interests of the village of Hornellsville, and largely interested in real estate. In 1873 he opened " Hakes Avenue," connecting Main and Genesee Streets, and donated it to the village, and since that time has pm'chased and improved that portion of the village known as " Riverside," and opened and graded the street called " Riverside Place," connecting Main with Elm Street, where he has built several substantial and elegant dwellings, which are classed with the finest in the town. Mr. Hakes has shown rare taste and mature judgment in the prosecution of the enterprise at " Riverside," and within a short space of time " Riverside Place" has become one of the most delightful and attractive places for private resi- dences to be found anywhere. Characteristic of Mr. Hakes are his unyielding support of the right, his constancy of purpose to accomplish successfully all matters intrusted to his hands, — either professional or simply of a business nature. His keen perception, sound judgment, strict integrity and fair dealing have secured to him a large measure of success and the confidence of the community. R. L. BRUNDAGE, ESQ. R. L. Brundage, Esq., settled in Hornellsville, as an attorney and counselor-at-law, in 1846. He was born in Sussex Co., N. J., in May, 1819. His parents came to this county and settled in Bath in 1824, removing to Greenwood in 1830. His fiither, Benjamin S. Brundage, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1846. Mr. Brundage commenced the study of law with Hon. John K. Hale, of Hornellsville, in 1840, and in 1846 was admitted to the Supreme Court and to Chancery. In 1852 he was elected to the office of district attorney, and held the office three years. He continued in active practice until 1866, since which he has been employed as attorney and claim agent for the Erie Railway Company. HON. JOHN K. H.\LE, who was for twenty years or more at the head of the Hornellsville bar, was a native of the State of Maine. He first settled at Addison, in this county, and came to Hor- nellsville in 1836. In 1856-57 he was a member of the State Senate, and shortly afterwards removed to the West. THOMAS J. REYNOLDS, ESQ., for a time a member of the bar at Hornellsville, was one of its most original minds, and a man of great native talents, although of quite limited education. He settled at Hornellsville in 1819. For a while he practiced in part- nership with Hon. John K. Hale, and subsequently with Mr. Brundage. During the later years of his life he engaged successfully in farming and lumbering, and died quite wealthy in 1867. Hon. Horace Bemis was born in the State of Vermont. He read law in that State, and came to Hornellsville in 1850. In 1851 he was admitted to tho bar, and has prac- ticed in Hornellsville ever since. He has taken a promi- nent part in politics. In 1863 and 1865, he represented the Third Assembly District of this county in the Legis- lature, and was chosen Presidential Elector on the Repub- lican ticket in 1868. Hon. Harlo Hakes (See biography and portrait in history of Hornellsvillej. James H. Stephens, Esq., a partner of Mr. Hakes, is a native of the town of Dansville, and was born in 1827. After finishing his academic education, he studied law at the National Law School, Ballston Spa, Saratoga Co., and with William T. Odell, and was admitted at Ballston, Jan. 5, 1852. He settled in Hornellsville as a lawyer, in 1853, and has had a successful practice. I. W. Near, Esq , of the firm of Bonham, Near & Piatt, Hornellsville, was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; studied law with Clarke & Colvin, of Watertown, and was admitted in 1858. He began practice in this county at Kanona, in 1859, and in 1865 removed to Hor- nellsville, where he has since practiced his profession. Hon. William Irvine, well known to the citizens and bar of this county, began the practice of law in Corning, about 1849. He was elected member of Congiess, and served during the years 1857-59. He was colonel of a regiment of cavalry during the late war, and was appointed adjutant-general in 1865. He now resides in California. Joseph Herron was a member of the bar of Corning from 1847 to 1856. He was elected district attorney in 1854, and held the office two years. John Maynard, a son of the late Judge Maynard, of Auburn, came to Corning about 1850, where he practiced law till he died, in 1865. He was elected district attorney Nov. 7, 1856. Henry G. Cotton commenced the practice of law at Centreville, in the town of Corning, and subsequently re- moved to the villaiie, where he was a partner of Hon. Thomas A. Johnson, prior to 1841, at which date he re- moved to Illinois (see biography of Hon. Thomas A. John- son). John P. Shapley, Esq., succeeded Hon. Thomas A. Johnson in the practice of law at Corning, on the election of the latter as justice of the Supreme Court, in 1847. Mr. Shapley died about 1850. Henry Sherwood, Esq., was another member of tho 76 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. county bar, residing in Corning from 1860 to 1870. Tie was ii member of the Legislature in 1862. Died in 1875. Alvin F. P.w.ve was a partner of Mr. Sherwood, firm of Slierwood & Payne, Corning. He coinnienced practice liere in 1863, and remained till 1868, wlien he removed to New York. He was a member of the Legis- lature from Long Island City in 1876. ClIAULES H. Berry, Esq., comracneed practice in Corning about 1850; remained till about 1855, when lie removed to Minnesota, where he has since been attorney- general. Hon. C. N. Waterman practiced law in Corning from 1851 to 1853. He removed to Minn&sota, and became a judge of the Supreme Court of that State. The firm here was Berry & Waterman. Mr. Berry died in Minnesota. Isaac C. Heiuudon belonged to the bar of Corning about 1855. In 1861 he was appointed secretary to Hon. Andrew B. Dickinson, United States minister to Nicaragua. He is now dead. Some of the other members of the bar who practiced in Corning were as follows : George N. Middlebrook, 1850; remained about two years ; now resides in New York. William K. Logie, 1860 ; enlisted in 1861 ; killed in battle at the head of 141st Regiment, of which he was colonel. Azariah Longwell, 1864; firm of Longwell & Graves. George R. Graves, firm of Longwell & Graves, 1860- 70 ; removed to Minnesota, where he died. Jacob H. Wolcott, 1870; removed to Utah in 1874. CHAPTER XVI. THE COUNTY PKESS. liATlI. Col. Williamson was directly connected with the in- troduction of the jjrinling-press into the Genesee country. The two first newspapers were established under his au- spices and patronage. Early in January, 1796, he procured from Northumberland, or Sunbury, Pa., a second-hand nevv-spaper-office, and enlisted as printers and publishers William Kensey and James Eddie. They issued the " Bath Gazette and Genesee Advertiser." This was the first news- paper published in Western New York. It is presumed that Mr. Kersey may have had a connec- tion with the paper, not as printer, but as one of Mr. Williamson's agents at Bath. He was a Friend, as would appear from his letters. In one of them, written to Col. Williamson at Albany, he speaks of having located some new .settlors, and at the same time asks for some new typo, urging that the type they had brought from Pennsylvania is "old and worn out." "We, on considering the case, conclude it is best to have a sufficient quantity of new type to complete the office, so that we may do bu.sincss in good fashion ; therefore, request that, in addition to the order by Capt. Coudry, thou may be pleased to send us as soon as may be, two hundred weight of small pica or bourgeois. We have some encouragement to pursue the business, but many of our patrons complain of the badness of the print, and that not without sufficient cause." Mr. Kersey was at the time one of the judges of Steuben County, and informs Col. Williamson that he and his associates had been " in- dicted by the grand jury for not holding an election at the Painted Post for a representative in Congress." The next newspaper established under the auspices of Col. Williamson was also in the year 1796, but a little later than the Bath Gazette. He induced Lucius Carey, who had been publishing a paper at Newburgh, to sell out and establish himself at Geneva. Mr. Carey forwarded his printing materials by water, and came himself with his household goods by land. On his arrival he wrote to Col. Williamson at Albany that he had ended a long and expen- sive journey, had arrived and found his house unfinished, and no room provided for his office. Says he, " lam now lying idle, and how long I shall I cannot say, only for the want of a room to work in. My house was to be done in July, and it is a mortifying reflection to me to have my parents hear that I must lay idle for the want of a house, when I had spoken so much in praise of the town, and been the means of a number coming to it since I was here in the winter." He says he almost repents of his bargain, yet " with the loan of one hundred dollars, he thinks he can get a paper out, and moving along, if he can get a room."' After a while his dwelling-house was finished, and a far better one it must have been than pioneer printers usually enjoy, lor the amount paid for it by Mr. Williamson was over two thousand dollars. In April, 1797, he brought out the first number of the ^^ Ontario Gazette and Genesee Advertiser." The paper was continued about a year and a half at Geneva, when it was removed to Canandaigua, and in 1802 sold, and its name changed to the " Western Re- pository and Genesee Advertiser." Mr. Carey died in Canandaigua in 1804. The large and long names of papers in those days was a common feature throughout the newly-settled regions of New York. They were designed to stretch out over a wide and sparsely-populated section, and bring in patronage and advertisements from all directions. Hence the names " Western Advertiser," " Genesee Advertiser," etc., so often attached to the names of the local places where the papers were published. It was a shrewd method of catering for patronage to a wide extent of country, but even then the pioneer papers obtained but a very meagre support, and many of them were short-lived ventures, which failed in a few months. Where they were sustained, it was generally at great sacrifice and long-continued struggles, if not to say privations, ou the part of the editors or publishers. Few men deserve more at the hands of the public than those who toiled long and arduously to establish good newspapers and printing-offices. The progress of these first papers was quite encouraging. Col. Williamson, in 1798, said: " The printer of the Ontario Gazette dispen,ses weekly not less than one thousand papers, and the printer of the Bath Gazette from four to five hundred." This was a good beginning, certainly, for papers not yet two years old, and in a country just beginning to be settled. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 77 TOE STEUBEN AND ALLEGHANY PATRIOT. This paper was the parent of the present Steuben Farmers' Advocate, and was established by Capt. Ben- jamin Smead, in the year 1816. The following letters of Mr. Smead to Gen, Cruger, who had been a member of the Legislature from Bath the two preceding years, and was that year Speaker of the House of Assembly, will explain the origin of this long-lived and successful newspaper, and through what difficulties it was originally established : "Ai.DANY, July 28, 1SI6. "Ho.v. Daniel Cuugeh, "Sin, — My residence in this city during the last session of the Legislature enabled me to learn your character, and influence in the Assembly, and in your county. You will doubtlcs? admit this circum- stance as an apology from a stranger. In addre?sing you upon a subject in which I am deeply and immediately intere^ted, I thought you would desire to learn who I am. I am a printer, and begun at an early age with a family, which has so rapidly increased that every effort of enterprise and industry has failed to furnish more than an ordinary subsistence. Four years I printed and edited a republican paper in Brattleboro', Vt. and five yours, another republican paper in Bennington. It is not delicate for me to say more of these papers than that they were always approved by the republicans j yet, even to this day, the stinted population of both M'indhain and Bennington counties cannot give the encouragement an industrious printer re- quires. In March, 1812, I quitted the latter place on receiving an appointment in the army ; and continued in the service of my country, with the command of a company in the 1 Ith U. S. Infy, till last July. The army being disban led, I then left it — and returning to the citi- zen's life, without much property, without a plan for settlement, and with a wife and six lovely children, have ever since been obliged to work as a journeyman, for a pittance to support them. Having often marched through nearly the whole extent of the northern section of this slate, 1 became attached to habits and manners of the people, and resolved to settle among them for life. In conversations with my friends, it has been stated that Watertown, Jefferson Co., and Bath, Steuben Co., both offer liberal encouragements to a printer. I am most desirous to establish in Bath, and earnestly solicit your assist- ance. My pecuniary circumstances are low, but retaining much of the vigor of youth, with my eldest son, who is a printer, I could edit and print a respectable paper. To embark in such an enterprise, at such a distance, I want the loan of 5 or 600 dollars three years with- out interest, office-room one year free of rent, and six months' credit of stock. The stock comprises only paper and ink, and may amount to nearly 200 dolls, per ann. The money is required to furnish print- ing materials, and defray expenses of removal. I have an excellent press, and the other materials shall be good: all these I will give over as security for the money immediately on my arrival, which will be as soon as possible after its receipt. "If you. Sir, shall feel disposed to contemplate this subject favor- ably, I beg you to write Judge BucI, editor of the Argus, Albany — and to Mr. John A. Stevens, editor of the Messenger, Canaudaigua, for any knowledge you may require of my moral and political char- acter, and mechanical and editorial cai)acity. AVith the former, I have assisted to complete the laws and Journals of the Ia?t Legisla- ture — and with the latter have had about ten years* intimate acquaint- ance — Mr. Stevens knows mc fully, in public and private life. Either of these gentlemen, I presume, will give you the necessary assurance, that if yourself and friends will transmit or order for my use the sum I ask, it shall be forthwith applied to, and effect the objects herein proposed. " Having spent most of my years in New England, my acquaintance with the local policy of N. York legislation you will consider limited; I should therefore, in this arduous and responsible undertaking, re- quire a liberal extension of charity, and all the aid which the influ- ential republican and literary characters of your town and county can find leisure to bestow. " Since completing the Laws, I am upon Smollets and Hume's Hist. Eng. at Hosford's, adjoining the post-office. Any communication you may deem proper to make me in reply to this, will therefore be received and attended to on the instant of it£ arrival. " Altho' bandied about by the malice of wayward fortune, T am too proud to beg for support; yet I require a lifting hand — and have in- dulged the hope that the interest, the honor, the security of a wise administration, which the counties of Steuben & Allegany mu-st duly regard, would intluce your most wealthy patriots to blend the relief of a large and virtuous family with an object so well calculated to con- tribute to their political happiness. *' Please write mc early, giving your opinion of my prospects in the proposed undertaking — and accept the sincere assurances of my high respect for your personal her. George H. Hollis, pur- chased the office Jan. 30, 1873, and published the Adver- tiser as an independent journal till the nomination of Sam- uel J. Tiiden for President in 1876, when it supported Tilden and Hendricks, and has since been published as a Democratic paper. At the time Mr. HoUis purchased the paper he was well known to the inhabitants of Addison and adjoining towns, and, although not a practical printer, the Advertiser, under his management, gained rapidly in circulation and influence. This acquaintance with the people in the south towns of Steuben and the people of Cowanesque Valley, Pa., brought a large number of subscribers and friends. The paper may now be considered as established on a firm and paying basis. URBANA. HAMMONDSPORT HERALD. The Ilammondsport Herald was established May 1, 1874, by Mrs. B. Bennett and Mrs. E. B. Fairchild. It is a local weekly paper, devoted to the interests of the locality. Jlay 1, 1875, the half interest in the paper owned by Mrs. Ben- uitt was purchased by Mrs. Fairchild, the latter having charge of the paper until the fall of 1876, when Mr. L. H. Brown bought a half-interest. The partnership existed for one year, when the interest owned by Mrs. Fairchild was purchased by Mr. Brown, who still continues to edit and publish the paper. COHOCTON. The Cohocto.\ Valley Times is published in the village of Liberty. It was established as the Cohoclon Herald in 1872, by H. B. Newell, and afterwards pur- chased by James C. Hewitt and changed to the Cohocton Tribune, and in 1875 was bought by William A. Carpenter, and changed to the Cohocton Valley Times. It is a weekly newspaper, independent in politics. obsolete PAPERS. The Farmer s Gazette was commenced in Bath in 1816, by David Rumsey, and was published about one year. The Steuben Messenger was started at Bath, April 17, HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 81 1828, by David Rumsey, and was published by him, Samuel M. Eddie, William P. Angel, and Charles Adams, successively, till 1834, when its name was changed to The Constitutionalist, and its publication was continued succes- sively by R. L. Underbill, Whitemore & Van Valkenburgh, and Dow & Richards, and by the last-named firm as The Steuben Democrat, until 1844, when the paper was sus- pended. In 1848 it was renewed by L. J. Beach, and in 1849 was transferred to George H. Bidewell, by whom its publication was continued till 1852. The Steuheii Whig was published at Bath during the political campaign of 1828, by William M. Swain. The Temperance Gem was published at Bath in 1854, by Misses Jenny and Caroline Rumsey. The Addison Record was published at Addison by Isaac D. Booth, from 1840 to 1842, and in 1849 by Dryden & Peck. Tiie Addison Advocate was published by H. D. Dyer in 1848-49. T/ie Voice of the Nation was commenced at Addison by R. Denton, in 1852. In 1855 the paper passed into the hands of A. L. Underbill, by whom it was published till 185t), when it was removed to Bath and its name changed to The Steuben American, and its publication continued until May, 1867. Tlie Canisteo Express was published at Addison in 1850^ by Thomas Messenger. The Addison Journal was started in 1851 by R. Denton, and was removed to Allegany County in 1852. The Addison Democrat was commenced by Charles L. Phelps in 1853, and was merged in the Voice of the Na- tion in 1854. Tlie Corning and Blossburg Advocate was commenced at Corning in 1840, by Charles Adams. In 1841 it passed into the hands of Henry H. Hull, by whom it was merged, in 1843, in the Steuben Courier, at Bath. The Corning Sun was started in 1853 by M. M. Pome- roy and P. C. Van Gelder. In 1 854, Rev. Ira Brown be- came the publisher, and changed the name to Tlie Ebnira Southern Tier Farmer and Corning Sun, and continued it till 185(;. The United States Farmer was published at Corning in the spring of 1856. The Painted Fast Gazette was started by Mr. Fairchild in 1846, and continued a few months. The Painted Post Herald was published by Ransom Bennett and B. M. Hawley, from May, 1848, for about one year. The National American was established at Hornellsville in 1856, by C. M. Harmon. In November, 1858, it was sold to Charles A. Kinney, and its name changed to Can- isteo Valley Journal. The Fainted Post Times was begun in October, 1870, by William C. Bronson, H. C. Higman, and S. H. Feren- baugh. It was discontinued some time in 1877. The Saturday News was established at Bath, by Enos W. Barnes, in the early part of the year 1868. It was Republican in politics. But eleven numbers were issued, when Mr. Barnes returned to the Steuben Courier office, from which he had retired Jan. 1, 1868. 11 CHAPTER XVII. THE LAND CONTROVERSY. Difficulties with the Lanfl-Office — Meeting of Settlers — The Protesting Convention — Memorial to Col. Robert Troup — Col, Troup's Instruc- tions to his Sub-Agent. The difficulties which many of the early settlers on the Pulteney and Hornby estates had to encounter in paying for their lands can be little understood or appreciated by the present generation. While it was evidently the desire and aim of the agents to treat the settlers with justice and equity, yet the policy adopted by them and acquiesced in by liundreds of land-purchasers proved to be of a very embarrassing nature. Thousands bought their lands on contract, agreeing to pay for them in installments, together with a certain stipulated interest thereon, which accumu- lated from year to year, amounting in a few years to more than the lands were worth. Many of them were poor, and had all they could do to gain a subsistence for themselves and families on the new lands, which exhausted all their energies and resources to clear and improve, to say nothing of paying their installments and meeting the annual interest when it became due. If these sums were not paid they were compounded or added to the principal, on which in- terest was again charged, involving them more hopelessly than ever in pecuniary embarra.<-sment. The longer this state of things contitiucd, the worse it became. The agents could not go on forever accepting promises to pay, and the only prospect left for many of the settlers was that the lands on which they had toiled so long to gain a meagre subsistence would be sold from under them to those who could pay for them. This matter became so serious that in 1830 the settlers in Allegany and Steuben Counties began to arouse themselves to the perils of their situation, and hold public meetings for the purpose of considering what remedy could be adopted. We give below the report of A CONVENTION OP SETTLERS held at the court-house in Bath, in the county of Steuben, on the nineteenth day of January, 1830, " to take into consideration the condition of the settlers on the Pulteney and Hornby estates" in the counties of Steuben and Alle- gany. Henry A. Townsend, Esq., was called to the chair, and Edward Howell and George C. Edwards, Esqs., ap- pointed secretaries. The following delegates appeared, and took their seats : Addison. — William Wombough, Lemuel B. Searles, Da- vid Shumway, Eber Scofield, and Daniel Burdick. Bath. — William Woods, James Warden, John Corbitt, Peter Hunter, Melvin Schenck, Caleb P. Fulton, and Elislia Hawks. Cameron. — Jacob Thayer, Joseph Loughry, Isaac San- tee, Sheldon Porter, and Hiram Averill. Cohocton. — Paul C. Cook, David Weld, Elnathan Wing, Peter Haight, and Alfred Shattuek. Canisteo. — Henry D, Millard, William Stephens, Jere- miah Baker, George Santee, and Moses Hallett. Dansville. — Thomas M. Boweu, Peter Covert, Annis Newcomb, Leeds Alien, and Martin Smith, 82 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Erwin. — John E. Evans, Saniuol Erwin, and John Cooper, Jr. Grecnirood. — Levi Davis, Thomas Johnson, Anson Cook, William J. Strong, and Randall Pease. Hornby. — Isaac Goodseli, Samuel Oldfield, Josiah Wheat, Francis Northway, and Levi Nasli. Hornelhville. — Oliver Coon, Othniel Call, Oliver Petti- bone, Jabez Lamphere, and John J. Sharp. Howard. — Daniel N. Bennett, Bjram L. Harlow, Wil- liam GofF, John D. Colljer, and Jacob G. Winne. Jersey. — Abraham M. Lybolt, Gilbert Reed, Caleb Wol- cott, Peter Ilouck, and Henry Switzcr. Jasper. — William Hunter, Benjamin Heliker, Ira Smith, Uzal M'MynJerse, and Hinckley Spencer. Painted Fost. — Robert H. Hoyt, Joseph Gillett, Charles Wolcott, Jr., William Webster, and Henry D. Smith. Prattsburgh. — Stephen Prentiss, Gamaliel Loomis, Jo- siah AUis, Ira C. Clark, and Joseph Potter. Pulteney. — David Hobart, William Sagar, Barnet Retan, Daniel Bennett, and Scth Weed. Tyrone. — Henry S. Williams, Henry L. Arnold, John Sebering, Samuel L. Bigelow, and Daniel Child. Tronpsburgh. — Samuel Cady, Samuel Griggs, Joshua Slayter, Jesse Wilden, and Nathan S. Hayes. Urbuna. — Henry A. Townsend, John Sanford, Jr., John Powers, Elias Ketchum, and Dyer Cranmer. Wheeler. — Jonathan Barney, Nathan Rose (2d), Abram J. Quackenbush, David Barney, and .John C. Overhizer. Wayne. — Latham Fitch, John H. Sherwood, and Thorn- ton F. Curry. Wood/lull. — Caleb Smith, Samuel Stroud, Asher John- son, Jeffrey Smith, and iMartin Harder. Alfred — Edward Green, Daniel Babcock, Spencer Sweet, Richard Hall, and Clark Crandall. Burns. — Stephen Mundy, Nathaniel Bennett, and Jose- phus Miller. Almond. — David Ciandall, George Lockhart, Joseph Baldwin, James McHenry, and Ja.sper White. Andover. — Philip Wardner, Asa S. Allen, Hiram Har- mon, Elias Purringtou, and Stephen Potts. Independence. — Alva Wood, William W. Reynolds, and Almond Crandall. Italy. — James Fox. Samuel S. Haight, Edward Howell, and George C. Ed- wards, at the request of the convention, took their seats as members thereof. The court-house being insufficient to ac- commodate the convention and the spectators, the conven- tion adjourned to the Presbyterian meeting-house. The convention having reassembled at the meeting- house, and the objects of the meeting having been discussed, the following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted : •' Whereas, The unusual and alarming embarrassment of a great portion of the settlers on what are usually termed the Pulteney and Hornby estates, in the counties of Steuben and Allegany, call loudly for the interference of some power to interpose between them and a state of pecuniary depression which threatens eventually to termi- nate in conseciuenccs disastrous to the welfare and prosperity of this section of the State. " Whereas, In the opinion of this meeting, the proprietors of any estate cannot be benefited by the existence of a state of things in the administration of its affairs productive only of general distress, em- barriissment, and poverty. " Whereas, In the opinion of this meeting, the true cause of the present embarrassment and depression may be traced to an ill-judged policy in the direction and management of the said estates; ** By the disposal of their lands at prices above their value and entirely beyond the power of the settlers to meet : " By the practice adopted by the agency of compounding the in- terest annually on demands due. until by its accumulation it has, in most cases, increased the original demand to a sum beyond the value of the land and the improvements thereon; and *' By threatening to enforce a course of rigid punctuality on many of the settlers, while at the same time legal restraints are imposed which render it entirely hopeless for them to attempt the payment of any considerable portion of their debts. " And toherens, it is not only the privilege but the duty of the peo- ple at all times to assemble in a constitutional manner, with a view to the correction of a state of things evidently prejudicial to the wel- fare of the community of which they are members. " Jlesohcd, therefore, That a committee of one from each town rep- resented in this convention, together with the chairman and secretaries and William Woods, Esq., be appointed a committee to draft a memo- rial to the principal agents of the Pulteney and Hornby estates on the subject of existing grievances. " Resolved, That the following persons, together with those above mentioned, constitute the said committee, to wit : Lemuel B. Scarles, James Warden, Hiram Averill, David Weld, Jeremiah Baker, Thomas M. Brown, John E. Evans, Levi Davis, Isaac Goodseli, Oliver Petti- bone, AVilliam Goff. Henry Switzer, Hinckley Spencer, Robert H. lloyt, Gamaliel Loomis, David Hobart, Henry S. Williams, Samuel Grigges, John Powers, John H. Sherwood, Asher Johnson, Clark Cran- dall, Josephus Miller, David Crandall, Asa S. Allen, .\lva Wood, and James Fox. " Rcsulveil, That this convention adjourn till nine o'clock this even- ing to hear the report of the committee appointed in the preceding resolutions. " Whereupon the convention adjourned, and again assembkd at the hour above specified, and the committee reported a memorial, which having been read, it was " Resolved, That the same be adopted and be signed by the delegates composing the said convention." The convention then adjourned till nine o'clock next morning. The convention met on the 20th of January, pursuant to adjournment, when the following resolutions were adopted : " Resolved, That Stephen Prentiss, William Woods, Clark Crandall, Ira C. Clark, and George MoClure, together with the chairman and secretaries, be a committee to forward the memorial to Col. Robert Troup and to John Grcgge, Esq., on behalf of the inhabitants of said counties, and to correspond and confer with them on the subject of such memorial, as well as any other matter relating thereto; and that they report the result of such correspondence to this meeting at a future day. " Resolved, That this convention, when it adjourns, will adjourn to meet again at such time and place as the chairman and secretaries may appoint, and that notice be published by them of such subse- quent meeting. " Resolved, That the members of this convention continue to hold their places until the objects of the convention shall be obtained, or until others shall he appointed in their ste.id. '■ Resolved, That it be recommended to those towns interested in the objects of this meeting, and who are not fully represented in this convention, to choose delegates to at least the number of five, to rep- resent them in all future meetings. " Resolved, That the delegation in this convention from each town be a committee to bo denominated the Committee of Grievances, whose duty it shall be to collect all information on the subject of existing evils and report the same to this convention at some future meeting. And that said committee be also authorized to collect funds to defray the expenses attending the carrying into effect the object of this meeting, and to pay over the same to the treasurer hereinafter appointed. HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 83 *' Reiolverlj That George C. Edwarda be and is hereby appointed treasurer, for the purpose of receiving all funds that may be paid over for the purpose aforesaid, and whose duty it shall be to dis- burse the same at his discretion, with the advice of the chairman and secretaries^ in aid of the object contemplated by this meeting. " lietoh'ed, That the chairman and secretaries bo authorized to cor- respond with such non-resident land-holders in the said counties as they may deem proper, and which in their opinion may be produc- tive of good to the settlers on such lands. " RcHolved, That while we will use such measures only as are justi- fied by the laws of the land, to effect the removal of the evils under which the people of this vicinity labor, wo pledge ourselves to each other and to the public steadily to pursue the object for which this eonvcntion is assembled, until a sense of justice on the part of the land-holders and their agents shall induce them to adopt measures calculated to alleviate existing embarrassments among the settlers on said estates. ** licaohed, That the proceedings of this convention be signed by the chairman and secretaries and published in the several public journals of the counties of Steuben, Allegany, and Yales, and that one thousand copies of such proceedings be published in the form of a handbill for circulation. "II. A. TowyiSK^D, Chairman. "Edward Howell, "Georok C. E I WELL, ) Edwards, ) Secretaries.' MEMORIAL. ** To Robert Troup, Esquire, Chief Agent of the Pulteney Estate, and " To John Grkgg, Esquire, Chief Agent of the Hornby Estate. "THE MEMORIAL *' o/ the Bubscrihers, delegates chosen h\f the settlers resident upon the said estates in the several towns of the counties of Steuben and Allegany, " Respectfully Sheweth, — "That previous to the construction of the great Erie Canal the nuniorous navigable streams penetrating the county of Steuben, and affording means for the cheap and easy transportation of the products of the soil to a market upon our Atlantic coast, were considered as conferring important advantages over the more fertile country through which the canal now passes, and produced a consequent advancement in the valuation of the land. That at that period of time the com- motions of the French Revolution had involved the whole civilized world, our own country excepted, in a general and sanguinary war. The armies of the several powers of Europe, augmented to the utmost possible extent, had withdrawn from the cultivation of the soil such immense numbers of people that the productions of those countries were found entirely inadequate to the support of their inhabitants, and the whole of Europe, threatened with a general ilearth and famine, were compelled' to procure their bread from the granaries of this country. The productions of our farms were advanced to a price unprecedented; money was abundant, enterprise high, a spirit of emulation had gone abroad in the community, which impelled thou- sands to leave the older settled parts of the country and press on to the wilderness of the West, calculating upon the continuance of this fictitious prosperity; and, estimating very extravagantly the local advantages of this country, a large number of settlers located them- selves here, contracted for lands at an extravagant price, and for a time appeared prosperous and happy. Produce of all kinds continued to command a high price in ready money, and a few of the first set- tlers, who had obtained the best lands, succeeded in paying for their farms and establishing themselves in independence and competence. Very different, however, is the fate of a very large portion of the set- tlers upon your agency. The lands were covered with a very large growth of timber, and the labor of clearing excessively great. The first crops upon the new lands were small in quantity and inferior in quality. The occupants were poor; for a long time labored under the greatest difficulties in supporting themselves and their families; and finally, when they had succeeded in making such improvements upon their farms as to enable them to raise some surplus beyonil the most indispensable provision for themselves and their families, the fortunate period for drawing profit from the productions of the land had passed away. " A general peace had succeeded the commotions and distractions of war ; trade and all the arts of life had settled down into their natural and ordinary channels. A stagnation had succeeded as profound as the excitement and activity which had preceded it was general, and property of all kinds underwent a diminution of more than one-half in value. The productions of the soil, no longer required abroad, glutted our markets at home, remaining on hand for the want of pur- chasers, or selling at prices little better than nominal. In the mean time the debt of the settler, now swelled by the continual accumula- tion of interest, was augmented to a sum beyond his ability or his hope of payment. Add to this that the construction of the great Erie Canal, while it conferred the greatest advantages upon the country through which it passed, operated in the same ratio against this by arresting the tide of emigration from it by the course of its channel to the great regions of the West, By the great reduction in the labor and expense of traveling and transportation, distance has, in effect, been diminished, and the lands of the United States, in the State of Ohio and Territory of Michigan, become accessible with less labor and expense than those on which we reside. The adoption of a new policy by the Government of the United States with regard to the national lands so introduced into the market, has also had a very se- rious effect upon this country. The reduction of the price of those lands to one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, and the facility of transporting their products to market by the lake and the Grand Canal, have induced many of our citi/.ens who had the means of emigration thither to do so, and all are prevented from settling here who have the means of purchasing and paying for lands. " The Holland Land Company, impressed with a belief of the impe- rious necessity of the case, have reduced the price of their lands ac- cording to the exigency of the times, and by their low prices and the superior quality of the soil and advantages of location upon the great canal, draw off the settlers from us and prevent the sale of lands here. In short, the great change which has within a few years taken place in the value of all kinds of property everywhere; the great reduction of the relative value of lands in these counties, occasioned by the construction of the great canal ; the reduction in the price of the gov- ernment lands and the lands of the Holland Land Company; the di- version of the tide of emigration, capital, and enterprise to other channels ; the great amount of debt now due for lands which the whole value of real estate now in the hands of the settlers, including the improvements made by them; the utter impossibility of selling their lands at their estimated value, and their utter inability to dis- charge their debts, have produced a crisis in the affairs of the inhabi- tants of a most momentous character, compelling them to appeal to you for relief from burdens and difficulties too great to be longer borne. " Impressed with the truth of these considerations, your memorial- ists, on the part of the whole community whom they represent, earn- estly recommend the situation of this country to your consideration ; and fully that you have the power as well as the inclination to afford them the fullest relief, they respectfully suggest the propriety of adopt- ing, with regard to this agency, a policy similar to that lately taken up by the Holland Land Company, which has had the happy effect there of restoring peace and confidence, establishing prosperit3' and enterprise among the settlers, and effecting the collection of a larger sum of money for the proprietors than was ever before realized for their lands, and which will undoubtedly produce similar effects here. Should you adopt this course, gentlemen, we have no hesitation in saying, that while you most effectually promote the interest as well of the land-owners as of the settlers, you will cause your own names to be handed down to posterity among those of the greatest benefac- tors of mankind. "Dated Jan. 20, 1830." COL. TROUPES INSTRUCTIONS. About three months after the above memorial was pre- sented, Col. Robert Troup, chief agent of tlie Pulteney estate, issued the following letter of instruction to Hon. William W. McCay, sub-agent at Bath, in respect to the management of the estate in Steuben and Allegany Counties : "New York, March 14, 1830. "Dear Sir, — I am informed that the settlers on the Pulteney estate, in Steuben and Allegany Counties, suppose the debts they owe 84 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. the estate are so large as, for the most part, to exceed their ability to pay. "I am also informed thaf, in consequence of their supposed inabil- ity to pay their debts, the settlers entertain serious apprehensions that they may ultimately lose their farms, and thus be involved in ruin. "I have uniformly cherished the kindest feelings towards the set- tlers, and therefore it is difficult for me to express my extreme regret at the apprehensions which may agitate their minds. "As far as was compatible with a just regard for the interests of my principals, who act in the character of trustees and executors, I have uniformly endeavored to promote the welfare of the settlers in the course of policy I have pursued since my connection with the estate. Accordingly, I have on all occasions endeavored to treat the settlers with justice and liberality, and to show them every forbear- ance and indulgence called for by the difficulties attending the settle- ment of a new countrj'. I have moreover cheerfully made liberal contributions, from time to time, for promoting religion, opening roads, building bridges, and other public improvements. In so doing, I have also acted in perfect accordance with the wishes of my English friends. " For some time past I have entertained a V>elicf that the debts due from the settlers in your department of the agency were generally too large for their means of pnyment. I had therefore determined on what appeared to me a proper plan for reducing the debts to a reasonable aud equitable amount. My objects in determining on this plan were to animate the agricultural labors of the settlers, and to inspire them with confidence in their future prosperity and happiness, by convincing them that I had no desire whatever to deprive them of the hard-earned fruits of their industry. The plan had in view the fair appraisement of the buildings and other imjirovements on every lot, together with the present value of the cleared land, and the present value of the land remaining in a state of nature. The actual value of each lot being thus ascertained, I proposed, by making an abatement upon just and equitable principles, to reduce the contract debt to a sum below the appraised value, whenever the settler was ready to make a moderate payment on account of the balance. Be- sides such reduction of his debt, the settler was to be accommodated with a liberal enlargement of time for paying the balance, in easy installments. " I thought it would be plain to every considerate an* unprejudiced person, who became acquainted with this plan, that it was deeply founded in equity, and afforded the settler every assurance that he would finally be able, by his own exertions, to pay for his farm. " Soon after I had determined on the plan, I instructed you to put it forthwith in a train of execution, hy employing one of the assist- ants in the land-office to make the necessary a]>prftiscment of the value of the lots. The plan was accordingly put in a train of execu- tion ; but a good deal of time was necessary to a judicious and impar- tial appraisement of the lots, and it has consequently happened that the work has hitherto been performed only in some townships under your agency. *• It is still my intention to continue the execution of my plan. But 1 have reason to believe that it may be imagined that, if a person con- nected with your agency is employed in appraising the value of the lots, he might be liable to a suspicion of not being sufficiently impar- tial. I therefore now reqviest you to lose no time in selecting, subject to my approbation, some independent, judicious, and upright farmer residing inStiniben or Allegany County, and no way connected with the esiate, to appraise the lots under contract in the several towns in your department. As this will be a work of considerable time and expense, I request you to engage the person you may select to com- mence with those townships that have not been already appraised by your assistant. It is possible that his appraisement may prove to be so correct and fair, on comparing them with the appraisements of the lots in other townships by the person you may select, as to lead me to judge that the lots already appraised need not be appraised again. " The person to be intrusted with the business of appraisement mvist eontirm the appraisement of the lots in every township by his oath, anil when the appraisement is returned to the land-office it must re- main subject to my approbation. " The agency has heretofore gone to some extent into the practice of taking wheat and cattle in the payment of debts, and I now direct you to make the practice general, and to continue it as long as the settlers shall appear faithfully to second my sincere desire to accom- modate them and it shall be found advantageous to the agency. The price at which the wheat is to be received during the winter months is to be fixed at seventy-five cents per bushel. This price, I am per- suaded, will secure to the settler a good living profit for his labor. It must nevertheless be remembered that the wheat to be received on contracts originally made payable in wheat must be taken at the price stipulated in the contracts. "At the time when the price of seventy-five cents per bushel is given for wheat it may so happen that the settler who has money to pay may sustain an injury from making the payment in moncj' and not in wheat. To prevent such injury, you are authorized to allow the settler a just abatement on his money payment, if he is willing to make it. " You will also receive cattle at fair and liberal cash prices. "When the settler comes to the office to receive the benefit of the reduction of his debt, I think it reasonable and just that you should demand of him a moderate payment on account of the balance of his debt, and I desire it to be expressly understood that, while the ap- praisements are in progress, the settlers are expected to make pay- ments as usual. They may rest satisfied that the payments made in the mean time shall not impair their right to have a reduction of their debts, but shall be considered in lieu of so much paid at the time of reduction, and shall accordingly be applied towards extinguishing the balances that may then be ascertained to be due. "It is my desire that no occupied or improved lots be advertised for sale until after the settlers have been favored with the opportunity of availing themselves of the benefits to arise from the reduction of their debts under the proposed appraisements. " Some time since I directed you to reduce for the future the selling prices of vusttld landt in your agency to a more moderate standard, and this direction you must continue to observe. " The details for carrying these instructions into effect must neces- sarily be a matter of sound discretion with you, and I request you to exercise that discretion in the same spirit of liberality that is mani- fested in this letter. "You will be pleased to communicate to the settlers in due season, through the medium of the newspapers printed at Bath and at An- gelica, such part of the details as they ought to be made acquainted with. "With great respect, I am, ■" Dear sir, your humble servant, " Robert Troup. " Wm. W. M'Cay, Esu." FURTHER ACTION OF THE SETTLERS. During the interval of three months between the above letter of Col. Troup aud another containing his modified instructions, dated June 14, 1830, meetings were held by the settlers in many towns of the county, and a spirit of calm but determined resistance manifested. At an ad- journed meeting of the convention held in Bath, April 14, 1830, it was " Resolved, As the sense of this meeting, that the instructions given by Col. Troup to his sub-agent in Bath under date of March 14, 1830, will not afford the necessary and reasonable relief required by the settlers upon the lands embraced in the agencies, and that the con- vention disapprove of the same. " Jieuolrrd, That the convention recommend to said settlers that they withhold all payments upon contracts upon the aforesaid lands until the necessary relief is granted." On the 6th of May a large meeting of the settlers in Urbana was held at Hammondsport, of which James Brundage was chairman and William Hastings secretary. The action of the above convention was approved, and it was " Resolved y That all further payments be withheld until the asked- for relief is granted. " Resolved, That if our grievances are not redressed our delegates use their endeavors with the convention to memorialize the next Legislature, praying that proper and expedient laws be enacted for the relief of this oppressed community.'* HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 85 Such was the spirit and purport of the meetings held throughout the county. On the 14th of June, 1830, Col. Troup sent the follow- ing instructions to Mr. M'Cay : " New York, 1-lth June, 1830. '* Dear Sir, — I have received your letter of the 9th ultimo, with its inclosure. From them, and likewise from late proceedings of a public nature in Steuben County, I learn, with no little surprise, that my proposed plan for the relief of the settlers on the Pulteney Es- tate in Steuben and AUefjany Coniitien, as exhibited in my letter of instructions to you of the Hth March last, is disagreeable to them : and especially that part of the plan which prescribes an appraise- ment of the present value of the improvements on every lot as one of the items to be taken into the account of its total value. It seems that this pjirt of the plan is so disagreeable to many of the settlers that they have rejected it, and, in consequence of their rejection, have resolved to suspend all payments to the agency. The suspen- sion, I am informed, is to continue until I agree to their plan of relief, which, I have constantly understood, consists in my consenting arbitrarily to cut down their contract debts, without any discrimina- tion, in the cases of the settlers, to the present value of wild lands, exclusive of the value of the improvements on their lots, and in my further consenting to give them new contracts for the lots at the price of wild lands. Learning these to be the feelings and views of the settlers, it is necessary for me to furnish you with additional instructions for your government. " I very much regret that my plan of relief has proved so disagree- able to the settlers. I formed it on mature reflection, and without having the least possible motive of personal interest to bend my judg- ment from the straight line of rectitude. The faithful management of the estate intrusted to my charge places me on middle ground between my principals and the settlers. I have, on the one side, to perform to my principals the duties of diligence, justice, and integrity; and, on the other side, to perform to the settlers the duties of justice, liberality, and kindness. It was under a sense of these several duties^ most deeply impressed both on my mind and heart, that the plan was formed. And, such being my duties, I was afterwards very happy to find that the plan received the full approbation of able, discreet, and honest counsel, to whom I submitted it for their consideration, but more particularly for their consideration of the legal exercise of the powers delegated to me as an agent. " It appeared to me that, as a discreet and faithful land-agent, I would not be justified in acceding to the p/an of relief proposed by the sellfers. I thought it was founded on arbitrary principles, which, when carried into practice, would prove unjust to the persons I repre- sent, and unequal towards the settlers themselves. " The reasons for this opinion are obvious. *' The plan, by reducing debts dilTering widely from each other in age, amount, and character, would assume an arbitrary rule, subject- ing the estate to a heavy and, in a great majority of the cases, un- necessary loss on the debts in diiferent proportions from twenty-five to seventy-five per cent. It would not render equal justice to the settlers themselves; for the operation of an uniform rule of abate- ment on debts, of various descriptions, could not fail, in many eases, to exceed what the actual situation of the settlers in justice required. It would often place the settlers who had profitably enjoyed their farms for ten, twenty, or thirty years, and had paid little or nothing for them in the mean time, on a footing of equality with those who had purchased their farms but recently ; and on a more favorable footing than those who had made frequent payments, or had quite ex- tinguished their contract debts. That I have declined acceding to a plan possessing such very objectionable qualities will not seem ex- traordinary to any man who sets a due value on his property, and regards what is fair and just in his business transactions. '• I supposed, on the contrary, that »»?/ jtlan would afford all the relief to the settlers that was proper to be granted by a discreet and faithful land-agent, or that justice and equity demanded. This plan was grounded on the fair value of every lot, which was to be ascer- tained by appraising, separately, the present value of the improved land, and buildings, and the present value of the land remaining in a state of nature. That the appraisement might be perfectly impar- tial, it was to be made, under oath, by some independent, judicious. and honest farmer residing in Steuben or Allegany County, and not subject to the influence cither of the settlers or the land-office. The lot having been appraised, and its total value ascertained by uniting the value of its several parts, the contract debt was to be reduced, by an abatement on just and equitable principles, to a sum considerably below the appraised value of the farm. " But this reduction of the contract debt was not to take place in favor of every settler indiscriminately, a« there are settlers whose cases are so circumstanced as to render any relief to them neither necessary nor proper. In this class of cases are those, among others, of second purchasers, who have lately bought contracts of the first settlers, and paid them for their improvements, with express refer- ence to the balances due on the contract debts. "The principles of justice and equity, to regulate the abatement pro- posed, would naturally embrace various considerations, sueh a.s the greatness or smallness of the price originally agreed to be paid for the land, the accumulation of interest on the price, the present value of the property, the enterprise, industry, and general good conduct of the settler, his ability to pay, his hardships, losses, and misfortunes since he settled on the estate, and other circumstances furnishing just and equitable claims to liberality. In no instance, however, did I intend to charge, in the renewed contract, more than was due on the previous contract, though the value of the land should much exceed the debt due on it, my object being to benciit the settler, and not to injure him. But it should be remembered that the abatement, in- stead of being designed by me as an act of mere benevolence, was to be made as a matter of business; and therefore I meant to bound my liberality by that honest and sound discretion which it was my duty to observe in managing the pro]ierty of other persons. "Such are the princi|)les on which the lico plnim proposed for the relief of the settlers arc grounded ; and I believe that when the arbi- trary and unjust princil^les of the plan of the settlers are contrasted with the rational and just principles of my plan, the contrast will appear so glaring as to flash conviction on every reflecting and un- prejudiced mind, that my conduct, far from meriting censure from the settlers, is well entitled to their grateful acknowledgments. " But my proposed 7)^111 for the relief of the settlers went still farther. I granted them easy annual installments for paying the equitably re- duced balances due on their contracts ; and to facilitate their means of payment, as Steuben and Allegany Counties. depend on the uncer- tain and hazardous navigation of the Susquehanna for a market for the sale of produce, I permitted them to make payments in wheat and cattle, taking wheat at seventy-five cents per bushel, and cattle at liberal cash prices. It is matter of public notoriety that the price of seventy-five cents per bushel for wheat is considerably above the price that has for many years past prevailed in Steuben and Allegany Counties; and as it is admitted that seventy-five cents per bushel will yield the farmer a living profit, I readily agreed to allow that price. " Some of the contracts stipulate payments in wheat, but the greater portion of the contracts oblige the settlers to pay their purchase- moneys in cash. And yet I consented to take wheat and cattle in payment on the cash contracts, though at the certainty of heavy losses accruing to the agency from the operation. The losses will arise from the expense and risk attending the transportation to the seaboard, from the fluctuations of the market, and from bad debts; in all which respects the agency has heretofore suffered severely. " I presume I hazard nothing in saying that the facilities thus pro- posed to be granted to the settlers for the payment of the equitably reduced balances of their contract debts rendered my plan of relief complete. I call it complete, for, by its natural effects, the debts of the settlers obtaining relief would be reduced considerably below the present worth of their farms, time would be gained for paying the balances in easy installment.s, and a convenient and ready market, at liberal prices, would be provided for the sale of their produce. Had I carried my plan of relief to greater extent in essential particulars, I should have thought myself unworthy of the important trust con- fided to me by my principals; but I ask what more equitable and what more liberal can the settlers rea,sonably desire of me? This question will be promptly and rightly answered by every settler who takes pride in performing his honest engagements. " The settlers voluntarily came and purchased their farms, without the practice of any imposition by the agency, at the prices commonly asked by land-holders at the time, and after having explored the lots, and thereby qualified themselves to judge correctly of the situation, nature, and value of the lands. They have occupied the farms for 86 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. many years, and supported their families with the productions of the soil ; and they have been treated by the agency with scrupulous jus- tice, and almost unexampled forbearance and kindness. " The settlers who have rejected the appraisement I had in view have unfortunately thus deprived me of the services of Mr. Grattan H. Wheeler in the prosecution of my plan of relief, Mr, AVheeler is known to be an independent, judicious, and honest farmer in Steuben County, and a respectable member of our Stnte Senate. I had selected him as the proper person to make the appraisement: but, being now deprived of the benefit of his services, I forbear to notice the qualifi- cations that eminently fitted him to e.^ecute the ofiice of appraiser in a manner satisfactory to all parties. ** Since the appraisement of the lots by an independent, judicious, and honest farmer appears to be a feature of my plan of relief which is particularly disagreeable to many of the settlers, I shall not persist in having the appraisement made. With this exception, however, it is my fi.\ed purpose to carry the plan fairly into effect. *' You will therefore bo pleased to repeat your invitation to the set- tlers, in all the townships belonging to the estate, to make payments on the contract debts ; and to inform them that, on their making reasonable payments, you are authorized, in all cases where abate- ments are proper, to reduce the contract debts according to the equit- able and liberal principles of my plan of relief: and also to allow them easy annual installments for the payment of the balances. The applications for reducing the contract debts should claim your partic- ular attention, and you are requested to favor the applicants with every equitable and liberal relief their situation may require, and your information may qualify you to grant. With respect to applica- tions from settlers in the townships which Mr. Fowler has examined, I imagine you already have sutiicient light to guide your judgment; and as to applications from settlers in the townships which have not been examined, it is my desire that you grant them such relief as prudence may recommen 1 under the limited information within your reach. "I have heard, with much gratification, that, notwithstanding the settlers have been advised to the contrary, a respectable number of them have made payments, and taken new contracts at abated prices. I cannot help cherishing a hope that their prudent and upright con- duct will be followed by the other settlers in the several townships. ** I shall wait a reasonable time on the settlers who have resolved to suspend payments, with the expectation that, on their calmer reflec- tion, they will see the good sense of abandoning the ground they have taken. But, if a reasonable time should elapse without receiving payments from them, it will then become my imperious duty, however painful to me its execution, to take tet/al meaaures to enforce the per- formance of contracts which the settlers have so willingly and fairly entered into. And, in taking such measixres, I do not entertain the smallest doubt but that the wholesome laws of the State, and its con- stituted authorities, will afl'ord the same just and effectual protection to the rights of my principals which they have uniformly afforded to the rights of all other owners of real property in the Stale. " I have thus explained, and I hope with cle:irness, the course of policy which, after dispassionate and deep deliberation, I have adopted for the coniluct of my agency. The course is sanctioned by my judg- ment and approved by my conscience. I shall pursue it with steady and firm steps, without turning to the right or to the left. It is not my intention to be the first land-agent in the State to set the danger- ous example of yielding to an attack on the rights of property ; nor is it my intention to submit to the dictation of any combination of men, be it ever so numerous, that is formed to force me from the direct path of duty in the management of the great trust committed to my charge. " Faithfully to fulfill these intentions I conceive to be a solemn obli- gation which, as an ageni, I owe to the interests of the worthy family that has honored me with its confidence. I conceive it likewise to be a solemn obligation which, as a citizen, I owe to the high reputation our State sustains for its wise, impartial, and energetic administration of the laws : to the rights of all the owners of real property in the State, whom, to a certain extent, on this occasion I may be truly said to represent ; and also to the welfare of every other class of my fellow- citizens, whose prosperity and happiness are inseparably connected with the preservation of the rights of property, — riyhia which consti- tute the main pillar that supports the fabric of our free and excellent government. " For the general information of the settlers, I request you to have this letter published in the Bath and Angelica newspapers; and in all your dealings with the settlers it is ray wish that you treat them with the courtesy and kindness becoming your station and the character of the agency. '* With great respect, " I am, dear sir, "Your humble servant, "Robert Troup, " Wm. AV. M'Cay, Esq." CHAPTER XVITI. SOCIETIES. Steuben County Medical Society — Steuben County Homoeopathto Medical Society — Southern Tier Ilomceopathic Medical Associa- tion — Hornellsville Academy of Medicine — Steuben County Agri- cultural Society. STEUBEN COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized prior to 1818, the records not showing the exact date. It consists of the major part of physicians of the county, convened for the purpose of professional and social advancement. Its first president, as shown by the minutes, was Dr. Warren Patchin, who was elected in the year 1818. The eldest living member is Dr. James Faulkner, now of Dansville, Livingston Co. He attended the first recorded meeting sixty-one years ago. The society has held since that date annual and semi- annual meetings at Bath, Dansville, Corning, Reading, and Hornellsville (Dansville and Reading were at date of or- ganization in Steuben County). The society has labored under some difficulties, chief of which has been the widely- separated location of its members. It has been useful to physicians of the county in a professional and social wa}', giving opportunity for consulting concerning ca.ses and com- paring modes of practice. This organization has been the greater prized, as many of its members have been in rural districts at a distance from professional brethren. The older members were exposed to many hardships. Their patients were widely scattered in small openings in the primitive forests; the roads, illy made, often mere bridle- paths. In the heat of the day and in the darkness of the night, in sunshine and in storm, the.se men have done an arduous, important, and often unrequited duty to the in- habitants of the county ; and, in the main, they have done it well. Many are the associations of joy and sorrow, sickness, accident, and death that will be recalled by the perusal of the following list of members of this honorable body. It will be seen that many have finished their labors and gone to their rewards. The first twenty names on the list were members prior to 1820. John D. Iliggins,'' Bath, Willis F. Clark.® Warren Patchin,-'-' Patchiusville. Samuel Gorton. ■■■■' James Faulkner, Dansville, Enos Barnes, died at Geneva. John Warner, ■•■"■ James Warden, died at Mead's Creek, Andrew Kingsbury,* * Deceased, HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 87 Daniel Gilbert,* John P. Kenedy .■■■' Jacob Chatterton."^ Lyman N. Cook."* Philo Andrews.'^"' Walter Wolcott, died at Dundee. Thomas M. Bowcn, Dansville ; died at Dansville. Noah Niles,® Prattsburgh. Samuel Southworth.'* Simeon H. Goss."^' Joel Luther.* Robert F. Hoyt, Erwin, admitted 1820 ; died at Painted Post. Jonathan Lockwood,*" Tyrone, admitted 1821. Samuel Scoficld, admitted 1822. Silas B. Hibbard,® Reading, admitted 1823. James Cutler," Painted Post, admitted 1823. George W. Turner,* admitted 1823. Gustavus A. Rogers, Bath, admitted 1823; died at Chicago. Samuel B. Chidsey,* admitted 1823. Isaac L. Kidder, admitted 1824; removed. Milo Hiird,« admitted 1824. Levi S. Goodrich,* Howard, admitted 1824. David L. Wicks,* admitted 1824. Daiiel H. Orcutt, admitted 1824. M. C. Kellogg, admitted 1826. E. R. Pulling, Bath, admitted 1S26 ; died in 1844. Israel Chissom,* Italy Hill, admitted 1826. Isaac Wixom, admitted 1827. T. E. Gansevoort,* Bath, admitted 1S27. J. L. Livermore, admitted 1827. F. E. Bateman, Cohocton, admitted 1827. William Hunter,* Jasper, admitted 1828. Samuel Olin,* Hornellsville, admitted 1828. Levi Fay, admitted 1828. David Hochkiss, admitted 1828. Nathaniel Sheldon, admitted 1829. Manning Kelly, admitted 1829. Zenas S. Jackson,* Prattsburgh, admitted 1829. Sampson Stodard, admitted 1829. Winthrop E. Booth, admitted 1829; died at Watkins. David Ward,* admitted 1830. Delevan Stebbins, admitted 1831 ; removed. Norman Truesdell, admitted 1831. J. B. Wagner, Addison, admitted 1831. A. L. Comstock, admitted 1832. Ira L. Babcock, Bath, admitted 1833; removed to Norwalk, Ohio. Abijah B. Case, Howard, admitted 1833. A. S. Winslow, admitted 1834. Myron A. Smith, admitted 1835. William H. Bissell, admitted 1835; removed. Daniel H. Shipman, admitted 1835; died at Syracuse. Andrew Baker, Jr., admitted 1837; died at Norwich, Chenango Co. J. S. Jones, admitted 1837 ; removed. Daniel Seaver, admitted 1842; removed. Walter S. Cheney, Prattsburgh, admitted 1842 : died at Bath. Addison Niles, Bath, admitted 1842; died at Quincy, 111. P. D. H. Goff, admitted 1842 ; removed. Festus Demerest, admitted 1842 ; removed. Andrew D. Voorhees, Prattsburgh, admitted 1843; removed. Wickham R. Crocker, Cameron, admitted 1843 ; died at Cameron. C. W. C. Howard, Avoca, admitted 1843; removed. H. H. Hess,* Cohocton, admitted 1843. Rufus Talmadge, Pulteney, admitted 1843. Anson Andrews,* Reading, admitted 1843. J. C. Morse,* Bath, admitted 1843 ; removed. Newman Abbey, Reading, admitted 1843. William Gulick,* Tyrone, admitted 1843. Thomas Shannon, Savona, admitted 1844. Marsena Terry, Savona, admitted 1844 ; removed. S. Brownell, Bath, admitted 1844 ; died at Paducah, Ky. N. M. Harrington, Corning, admitted 1845. L. K. House, admitted 1845. * Deceased. N. M. Perry, Troupsburgh, admitted 1845. Stephen Hagadorn,* Bath, admitted 1845. John H. Read,* Bath, admitted 1845. Christopher Patterson, Avoca, admitted 1845. E. Van Kuren, Ilammondsport, admitted 1845. J. B. Graves, Corning, admitted 1846. George W. Pratt, Corning, admitted 1846 : editor Corning Journal. Peck, admitted 1847. Robert Bell, Monterey, admitted 1847. T. Skinner,* admitted 1847; removed. A. Robinson,* Hornellsville, admitted 1847. James Read,* Tyrone, admitted 1847. Andrew Blanck, admitted 1847 ; removed. John B. Flemming,* admitted 1847. Samuel Mitchell, Hornellsville, admitted 1849. P. K. Stodard, Pratt.'iburgh, admitted 1849. Joseph S. Dolson, Bath, admitted 1849. Cameron Patchin, Wayland, admitted 1850. E. Hall, admitted 1850; removed. A. T. Lyon, Savona, admitted 1851 ; died at Savona. Henry C. May, Corning, admitted 1856. William Gilbert, North Cohocton, admitted 1856; removed. Ira P. Smith, Bath, admitted 1865. Samuel Ensign, Bath, admitted 1865; removed. Augustus F. Mills, Corning, admitted 1865. Eli Allison, Wayne, admitted 1865. Dighton L. Case, Howard, admitted 1865. J. Straton Harlow,* Bath, admitted 1865. Reuben F. Parkhill, Howard, admitted 1865. E. S. Carpenter, Cohocton, admitted 1865. James W. Black,* Bath, admitted 1866. Andrew Purdy, admitted 1866 ; now a Methodist minister. W. H. Sheffield, admitted 1866; removed. H. A. Talmadge, Bradford, admitted 1866. F. M. Lockwood, Bradford, admitted 1866. John Mitchell, Addison, admitted 1866. D. J. Chittenden, Addison, admitted 1867; removed. Charles M. Graves,* Corning, admitted 1867. John Cooper, Cooper's Plains, admitted 1867; removed. C. S. Parkhill, Hornellsville, admitted 1867. F. Wylie, Bath, admitted 1867. J. A. Bennett, Prattsburgh, admitted 1868. .1. S. Jameson, Hornellsville, admitted 1868. C. H. Ward,* Hornellsville, admitted 1868. Joseph Robinson, Hornellsville, admitted 1868. R. P. Brown, Addison, admitted 1869. J. Van Dusen, Painted Post, admitted 1869; removed. S. F. Cridler, Hornellsville, admitted 1869. Benjamin Pickett, Canisteo, admitted 1869. C. W. Bennett, Bath, admitted 1869. Lester B. Healey, Cohocton, admitted 1870. W. T. Green, Hornellsville, admitted 1870. I. L. Goff, admitted 1870; removed. W. W. Smith, Avoca, admitted 1871. Moses T. Babcock, Hammondsport, admitted 1871. J. H. Trumbull, Hornellsville, admitted 1871. A. H. Cruttenden, Bath, admitted 1872. A. D. Bobbins, Corning, admitted 1872. D. E. Graves, admitted 1872; removed. H. R. Ainsworth, Addison, admitted 1872. E. Mullheron, Corning, admitted 1872; removed. Ambrose Kasson, Bath, admitted 1873. S. H. Hall, Hammondsport, admitted 1873; removed. J. B. Smith, Hornby, admitted 1874. Warren Stewart, Savona, admitted 1874. G. S. Gallagher, Cohocton, admitted 1874. M. D. Ellison, Canisteo, admitted 1874. John R. Selover, Bath, admitted 1874. L. N. Pinney, Painted Post, admitted 1875; removed. George F. Case,* Pulteney, admitted 1875. Frank Oulton, Savona, admitted 1876 ; removed. Mrs. Agnes Seeley, Bath, admitted 1876. E. A. Overhiser, Campbell, admitted 1877. * Deceased. 88 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Milton J. Baker, Horncllsville, admitted 1877. J. B. Dudley, Painted Post, admitted 1877. F. E. Cruttenden, Bath, admitted 1878. Ephraim AVinnie, Fremont, admitted 1878. Total membership, one hundred and fifty-eight. The following is a list of presidents, together with the year for which they were elected : 1818. Warren Patchin. 1847. R. H. Hoyt. 1819. Enos Barnes. 1848. A. Niles. 1820. John Warren. 1849. John D. Higgins. 1821. Noah Niles. 1850. Ira L. Babcoek. 1822. James Warden. 1851. Stephen Hagadorn. 182.3. Enos Barnes. 1856. A. B. Case. 1824. Warren Patchin. 1865. Joseph S. Dolson. 1825. Robert H. Hoyt. 1866. Samuel Mitchell. 1826. Gustavus A. Rogers. 1867. John Mitchell. 1827. Isaac L. Kidder. 1868. Christopher Patterson 1828. John D. Higgins. 1869. Eli Allison. 1829. J. S. Livermore. 1870. A. B. Case. 18.30- -31. Ebenezer B. Pulling. 1871. G. H. Van Dusen. 1832. David Ward. 1872. J. B. Graves. 1833. Gustavus A. Rogers. 187.3. Thomas Shannon. 1834. T. E. Gansevoort. " 1874. H. R. Ainsworth. 1835. Levi Goodrich. 1875. H. C. May. 1837. Gustavus A. Rogers. 1876. W. W. Smith. 1842-43. Warren Patchin. 1877. M. F. Babcoek. 1844- ■46. A. B. Case. 1878. Ira P. Smith. The following-named members of this society were army surgeons during the late war, viz. : Drs. Joseph S. Dolson, Ira P. Smith, F. Wylie, Bath; Dr. M. T. Babcoek, Ham- mondsport; Dr. Henry C. May, Corning; Dr. P. K. Stodard, Prattsburgh ; Dr. Seely Brownell, Bath ; Dr. John S. Jameson, Hornellsville. This society is now in a prosperous condition, with hopes of continued and increasing usefulness. THE STEUBEN COUNTY HOM(EOP.\THIC MEDICAL SOCIETY was organized May 25, 1867. President, A. De Wolfe, Bath ; Vice-President, W. S. Purdy, Addison ; Secretary, James M. Cadmus, Sonora ; Censors, B. F. Grant, Bath ; H. S. Benedict, Corning ; P. S. Hollett, Sonora. Charter Members.— A. De Wolfe, Bath ; W. S Purdy, Addison ; James M. Cadmus, Sonora ; B. F. Grant, Bath ; H. S. Benedict, Corning ; P. S. Hollett, Sonora ; W. J. Bryan, Corning. Regular Memhers. — P. H. Purdy, Bath ; W. E. Hath- away, Hornellsville ; W. D. Saxton, Liberty ; E.W.Bryan, Corning ; H. A. Whitfield, Wayland ; Charles Brown, Ham- mondsport; A. M. Gamman, Corning; B. F. Williamson, Prattsburgh ; J. L. Gage, Hornellsville ; C. E. Campbell, Hammondsport ; W. E. A. Gorton, Corning ; W. S. Purdy, Corning ; F. D. Purdy, Corning. Officers of the Society for 1879. — President, E. W. Bryan, Corning ; Vice-President, B. F. Williamson, Pratts- burgh; Secretary, A. M. Gamman, Corning ; Censors, B. F. Grant, Bath; A. M. Gamman, Corning; W. E. A. Gorton, Corning SOUTHERN TIER HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OP THE STATE OP NEW YORK. A meeting was called and held at the office of Dr. E. D. Leonard, in the city of Elmira, N. Y., on Jan. 20, 1874, for the purpose of organizing a medical society for Southern Tier, New York. Dr. 0. Groom, of Horseheads, was chair- man, and Dr. E. M. White secretary of the meeting. Constitution and by-laws were adopted, and the follow- ing officers elected for the ensuing year: President, Henry Sayles, M.D., Elmira, N. Y. ; Vice-President, Dr. W. L. Purdy, Corning, N. Y. ; Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. W. J. Bryan, Corning, N. Y. ; Censors, Drs. N. R. Seeley, M. D., Elmira, N. Y. ; B. F. Grant, M.D., Bath, N. Y. ; E. W. Bryan, M.D., Ovid, N. Y. ; James M. Cadmus, M.D., Waverly, N. Y. ; William Gulick, M.D., Watkins, N. Y. The following were the first members of the association : Henry Sayles, M.D., W. L. Purdy, " William Gulick, ■' Orlando Groom, '' N. R. Seeley, " B. F. Grant, " L. L. Brown, " W. D. Saxton, " A. P. Hollett, " E. D. Leonard, " W. J. Bryan, " I. L. Corbin, ** W. T. Read, " John Burting, *' Elmira, N. Y. Corning, " Watkins, " Horseheads, N. Y. Elmira, " Bath, " Binghamton, " Cohocton, '* Havana, " Elmira, " Corning, " Athens, Pa. Big Flats, N. \. Corning, " Officers for 1875, elected January 19: President, Wil- liam Gulick, M.D., Watkins; Vice-President, N. R. Seeley, Elmira; Secretary and Treasurer, W. J. Bryan, M.D., Corning. Officers for 1876, elected January 18 : President, W. L. Purdy, M.D., Corning; Vice-President, K F. Grant, M.D., Bath ; Secretary and Ti-easurer, W. J. Bryan, M.D., Corning ; Censors, N. R. Seeley, M.D., Elmira; B. F. Grant, M.D., Bath ; E. W. Bryan, M.D., Ovid, N. Y. ; James M. Cadmus, M.D., Waverly, N. Y. ; William Gulick, M.D., Watkins, N. Y. Officers of 1876 were re-elected on January 16, 1877. Officers for 1878, elected January 15: President, W. S. Purdy, M.D., Corning ; Vice-President, J. L. Corbin, M.D., Athens, Pa. ; Secretary axA Treasurer, A. P. Hollett, M.D., Havana, N. Y. ; Censors, E. W. Bryan, M.D., Corning, N. Y. ; William Gulick, M.D., Watkins, N. Y. ; N. R. Seeley, M.D., Elmira, N. Y. ; 0. Groom, M.D., Horse- heads, N. Y. ; A. M. Gamman, M.D., Corning, N. Y. At the meeting on Jan. 15, 1878, Drs. E. W. Bryan and A. M. Gamman were appointed a committee to revise the constitution and by-laws. At the meeting held in Corn- ing, N. Y., on April 16, 1878, they reported, and the fol- lowing act of incorporation was executed and adopted in the place of the constitution : " AN ACT TO INCORPORATE " The Southern Tier Hom ss. : "Filed April 22, 1878." "State of New York, Steuben County Clerk's Office I Seal of I " I, Lucius A. Waldo, Clerk of said County, [ Steuben Comity. J and also Clerk of the County and Supreme Courts therein. Courts of Record, having a common seal, do hereby certify that I have compared the foregoing copy of an article of in- corporation with the original of the same, now remaining on file in my office, and that it is a correct transcript therefrom, and of the whole of said original. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto sub- scribed my name and affixed my oflicial seal, the seal of saiil courts, at Bath, this 22d day of April, 1878. "Thos. R. Rutherford, Dp. Clerk." By-laws were adopted in accordance with the act of in- corporation. The following members of the association have died, and suitable resolutions of regret have been adopted. Henry Sayles, M.D., of Elmira, N. Y. P. S. Hollett, M.D., of Sonora, Steuben Co., N. Y. ■ W. J. Bryan, M.D., of Corning, N. Y. H. Hughes, M.D., of Savona, Steuben Co., N. Y. The following have been elected members of the associa- tion from time to time. The meetings of the association have also been largely attended by physicii^ns not menjbers. Henry Sayles, M.D., Elmira, N. Y. W. S. Purdy, M.D., Corning, N. Y. William Gulick, M.b., AVatkins, N. Y. Orlando Groom, M.D., Horscheads, N. Y. N. R. Seeley, M.D., Elmira, N. Y. I. L. Corbin, M.D., Athens, Pa. B. F. Grant, M.D., Bath, N. Y. T. L. Brown, M.D., Binghamton, N. Y. W. D. Saxton, M.D., Cohocton, N. Y. A. P. Hollett, M.D., Havana, N. Y. E. D. Leonard, M.D., Elmira, N. \'. W. J. Bryan, M.D. (dc;id). Corning, N. Y. T. W. Read, M.D., Big Flats, N. Y. John Burling, M.D. (removed). Corning. N. Y. H. Hughes, M.D. (dead), Savona, N. Y. P. S. Hollett, M.D. (dead), Sonora, N. Y. I. B. Wcscott, M.D. (West), Horseheads, N. Y. Mrs. H. E. Brown, M.D. (Brooklyn), Corning, N. Y. Charles Brown, M.D. (removed), Hammondsport, N. Y. E. W. Bryan, M.D., Corning, N. Y. Frank Tompkins, M.D., Penn Yan, N. Y. James M. Cadmus, M.D., Wavcrly, N. Y. L. W. Parkhurst, M.D., Elmira, N. Y. Alex. V. Stobbs, M.D., Mecklenburgh, N. Y. C. E. Sayler, M.D., Elmira, N. Y. H. C. Coon, M.D., Alfred, N. Y. B. F. Williamson, M.D,, Prattsburgh, N. Y. A. M. Gamman, M.D., Corning, N. Y. 0. S. Barden, M.D,, Tioga, P.a. E. W. Rogers, M.D,, Crystal Springs, N. Y. Wm. E. A. Gorton, M.D., Corning, N. Y. F. W. Adriance, M.D., Watkins, N. Y. H0RNELL9VILLE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE. This association was organized Dec. 17, 1873, and holds its meetings on the first Wednesday evening in each month. The first officers were as follows : Dr. J. W. Robinson, President; Dr. Samuel Mitchell, Vice-President ; Dr. 0. G. Hubbard, Secretary; Dr. J. H. Trumbull, Treasurer. membership. D. F. Cridler, S. E. Shattuck, C. G. Hubbard, C. S. Parkhill, S. F. Curry, J. H. Trumbull, J. W. Robinson, M. J. Baker, E. Beck- with, Hornellsville ; D. L. Case, R. F. Parkhill, Howard ; R. P. Brown, John Mitchell, Addison ; C. E. Annabel, Cameron ; J. W. Burchard, Fremont; E. Winnie, Haskinville; Z. Deldine, AVni. H. Hagadorn, Almond; M. D. Ellison, Canisteo ; J. B. Graves, Corning; H. P. Sanders, Mark Sheppard, Alfred; J. E. Walker, Arkport; J. K. Richardson, Greenwood; L. V. Rathbun, Rex- ville; W. W. Crandall, Andover. Officers for 1878.— D. F. Cridler, President; Samuel Mitchell, Vice-President ; C. G. Hubbard, Secretary ; J. H. Trumbull, Treasurer. THE STEUBEN COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. It is proper in giving a history of this society to refer incidentally to the agricultural organizations which had existed in this county prior to the year 1853, when this society was established. The first one of which there are any authentic records left is the society organized in 1841, although many of the older inhabitants can well remember the many county fairs, so called, which were held at Bath in the earlier times, under the auspices of Dugald Cameron, of Bath, Capt. Joel Pratt and Judge Robert Porter, of Prattsburgh, and many other leading men of the county. In the early spring of 1841, a meeting of the citizens of the county was called at the court-house, in Bath, to cour 90 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YOEK. sider the practicability of organizing a county agricultural society, of which meeting Ziba A. Leland was chairman, and Henry Brother and Robert B. Van Valkenburgh were secretaries, and Z. A. Leland, 0. F. Marshal, Jacob Van Valkenburgh, Israel R. Wood, Theron Loomis and Henry Brother a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws, and to report at an adjomned meeting to be held on the 1st day of June following. At the subsequent meeting a constitution and by-laws were adopted, and the following officers duly elected : Presi- dent, Otto F. Marshal ; Vice-Presidents, John Cooper, Jr., Israel R. Wood, and Erastus Skinner ; Secretaries, Wm. S. Hubbell and Ziba A. Leland ; Treasurer, Henry Brother. A fair was held this year, in the month of October, at ■ Bath, and immediately after its close the members met at the court-house and elected the following officers for the ensuing year : President, Lazarus Hammond ; Vice-Presidents, O. F. Marshal, Israel R. Wood, and Lyman Balcnm; Secretaries, Theron Loomis and Ziba A. Leland; and Treasurer, Henry Brother. In comparison with the amount of premiums now awarded by the society, it may interest some to know that the society then gave only one hundred and seventy dollars in premiums. For the year 1843, Lazarus Hammond was re-elected President; Wm. Baker, Israel R. Wood, and Otto F. Mar- shal Vice-Presidents; James Shannon and Robert Campbell, Jr., Secretaries ; and Henry Brother, Treasurer. For the year 1844, Israel R. Wood was chosen Presi- dent ; David Smith, John J. Poppino, and Daniel N. Ben- nett, Vice-Presidents ; Wm. Cook and Lay Noble, Secreta- ries ; John Richardson, Treasurer. The fair of this year seems to have been the last one held by this society, and immediately after the close of the fiiir, which was upon the river-flats in the village of Bath, southwest of the Pulteney Land-Office, the society disbanded; and from that time Steuben County was without a county agricultural association until the year 1853, when the organization of the present society was effected, under the provisions of chapter 1G9 of laws of 1841. On the 18th day of May, 1853, upon application made to Philo P. Hubbell, then clerk of the county, said clerk gave public notice, as the statute required, that on Wednes- day, June 22, 1853, a meeting would be held at the court- house in Bath for the purpose of organizing a county agri- cultural society. This meeting was largely attended by the leading farmers of the county,— Hon. Goldsmith Den- niston presiding and Robert B. Van Valkenburgh acting as secretary, — and an organization then completed, and the following officers elected : President, Goldsmith Denniston ; Vice-Presidents, A. F. Marshall, J. B. Mitchell, A. B. Dickinson, Lyman Balcom, Redmond S. Davis, and John Van Wie; Treasurer, George Edwards; Corresponding Secretary, R. B. Van Valkenburgh ; and Recording Sec- retary, George S. Ellas. The first annual fair of the society was held at Bath, on the 12th and 13th of October, 1853, in the open field, on the farm of Robert Campbell, at the junction of Morris and Steuben Streets, temporary structures having been erected for the purposes of the exhibition. Early in 1854, the new board of officers elected entered into an agreement with the heirs of the late Dr. Ten Eyck Gansevoort, who then owned the portion of the society's present fair-grounds in Bath, — fronting on Washington Street, — to lease said lands of said heirs for a term of years ; and the same year said grounds were properly in- closed and the only e-xhibition building erected thereon that the society had until 1867, and on these grounds the society has since held all its annual festivals and fairs. The society seems to have had a prosperous career from the time these grounds were taken, tor while the total re- ceipts for the year 1853 were only two hundred and fifty- eight dollars and six cents, they reached the then large sum of nine hundred and sixty-six dollars and ninety-five cents in 1854 ; so that, by skillful and honest management, the society's officers were, in the course of two or three years, enabled to make a contract for the purchase of said prem- ises, and in 1862 they received a deed for the same, pay- ing therefor the sum of twelve hundred dollars. Almost immediately upon securing title to these lands, the members of the society began to feel that the buildings were insufficient and too inferior, and during the years 1863 and 1864 several efforts were made to secure voluntary do- nations sufficient to warrant the society in attempting the improvements, but without success ; and yet the hard and gratuitous work done by Hon. David McMastcr, in this regard, in 1863 and 1864, made the task all the easier for those who followed him in the effort, in 1867. In 1866 the matter of new buildings and larger grounds and accommodations was brought up at the annual meeting, and after some discussion laid upon the table. At the annual meeting of 1867 the matter was more generally discussed, and Warren W. Willson, Jonathan Robie, Chas. N. Ackerson, Azariah C. Brundage, and Chas. H. Robie were appointed a committee to solicit funds for these improvements ; and they entered upon the work with a will, and in a short time secured donations to the amount of three thousand dollars, from the citizens of Bath and some of the other towns in the county. This movement, which resulted in the enlargement and improvement of the grounds, was directed by Robert B. Wilkes, who had just been elected the society's president ; and to his energy, sagacity, and untiring labors the .society is indebted more than to the efforts of any other man for what was then done. A special law was procured to be passed by the Legis- lature, enabling the society to mortgage its real estate, for the purpose of raising funds to buy additional lands in the the rear of the old grounds ; and with the money thus obtained, together with the voluntary donations received, new buildings and fences were erected at a cost of $4877.14, lands purchased costing the society $3125.47, and a new driving-park laid out and finished at a cost of $1593.07. The supervision and general direction of all these im- provements was given to Robert B. Wilkes, Charles N. Ackerson, and Warren W. Willson by the executive com- mittee, and the work well done. At the end of the year 1867 the society owed about $4000, $2639 of which was secured by mortgage on the society's lands, and running for twenty years. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YOllK. 91 In 1872 new grand and judges' stands were erected upon the driving-park at a cost of §1085.18 ; and at the annual meeting of this year the constitution of the society was amended, so that an honorary life-niemhership could be conferred upon such old members of the society, of the age of not less than sixty years, who have been most active in their support of the society, the amendment providing for the election of three such honorary life-members at that meeting, and one at each succeeding annual meeting ; and this honor was then conferred upon Otto F. Marshal, Day Noble, and Reuben Robie. In 1873, $1165.04 were expended in grading the grounds, planting trees, erecting new and commodious cattle-, sheep-, and swine-pens and stalls, and in other permanent improvements; and in 187-1 a new dining-hall j was constructed, and other improvements made, at a cost j of S13G2.74. A manufacturers' hall, built in 1876 and costing $428.22, and additional cattle- and sheep-pens, horse-stalls, and poul- try-ball, constructed in 1877 at an expense of S552.97, com- plete the permanent improvements that are worthy of notice. The fairs of the society rank among the best given by any of the county societies ia the State, aud the society itself occupies a proa)inent positiou among similar organ- izations. It has a large membership, not confined alone to the people of Steuben County, and its influence upon the industrial classes of the county particularly is very bene- ficial. Among its members can be selected many who were prominent in the society organized ia 1841, and have since the organization of this society been its staunchest friends and most faithful workers. Its property in the vil- lage of Bath, upon which there is only an indebtedness of §200, is very valuable. The buildings are convenient, tasteful, and well con.structed, and the grounds and conve- niences in the best condition and exactly suited to the uses of the societ}'. The following are the officers serving the society for the year 1878: President, Martin W. Noble; Vice-Presidents, Frank Aulls, J. M. Hopkins, Clarence Myotte, Thomas Hallett, Thomas Conover, Willard C. Morse, B. V. Lewis, and John L. Smith ; Secretary, Reuben E. Robie ; Trea.s- urer, Edwin C. Cook ; General Superintendent, Charles N. Ackerson. The following are the persons who have occupied the positions of president, secretary, treasurer, and general superintendent of the society, and the years for which they were elected : Presidents. — Goldsmith Denniston, 1853, '64 ; Uri Bal- com, 1856; Lyman Balcom, 1857, '66 ; Daniel Gray, 1859 ; John W. Taggart, 1860; Grattan H. Wheeler, 1861; Samuel Balcom, 1865; Robert B. Wilkes, 1867-68; Frank J. Marshal, 1869 ; Charles H. Robie, 1870-71 ; Samuel E. Haskin, 1872-73 ; Azariah C. Brundage, 1874-75 ; Nathaniel B. Stanton, 1876 ; Martin W. Noble, 1877-78; J. M. Hopkins, 1879. Secretaries. — Robert B. Van Valkenburgh, 1853 ; Geo. S. Ellas, 1853-61 ; David McMaster, 1854-55 ; T. M. McCay, 1854-56 ; Robert M. Lyon, 1857-65 ; Alexis H. Cruttenden, 1862-64; Reuben E. Robie, 1866-78. Treasurers. — George Edwards, 1853; Ilcubeu Robie, 1854-60 ; Ambrose S. Howell, 1861 ; Alvah E. Brown, 1862-63; Geo. S. Haverling, 1864-65 ; Geo. W. Hallook, 1866-74; Edwin C. Cook, 1875-78. General Superintendents. — James Lyon, 1867-68; Chas. H. Robie, 1869 ; John L. Smith, 1870 ; Charles N. Acker- son, 1871-78. The following are the persons who have been elected to an honorary life-membership in this society, and the years when they were severally elected: Otto F. Marshal, 1872 ; Lay Noble, 1872; Reuben Robie, 1872; Goldsmith Den- niston, 1873; Lyman Balcom, 1874; Abram Brundage, 1875; Henry McElwee, 1876; David McMaster, 1877; Henry Brother, 1878. CHAPTER XIX. NEW YORK STATE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS- HOME. Inception of the Institution— Its Successful Establishment by the Grand Army of the Republic— Location of the Site at Bath — Con- current Resolution of the Legislature — Laying of the Corner-Stone —Description of Iho Buildings- Opening of the Home— Trustees and Officers for ISTil. INCEPTION OF THE INSTITUTION. The first attempt to establish a Soldiers' Home in the State of New York was made by ex-Governor Edwin D. JI or- gan, in the year 1863, immediately after his term of office had expired. Governor Morgan and others procured the passage of an act by the Legislature, on the 24lh of April, 1863, to incorporate "The Soldiers' Homo," the following persons being designated therein as the incorporators: Amaziah B. James. Robert Lansing. Wm. H. Ferry. Peter A. Porter. Gen. Winficld Scott. Gen. Geo. B. McClellan. Gen. John B. Wool. Washington Hunt. Francis Kernan. Millard Fillmore. August Belmont. Wm. B. Astur. Benj. N. Huntington. J. Sullivan Thorns, Rev. Francis Winton, D.D. John n. Brower. George Beach. John Bowdish. David Rumsey. Charles P. Wood. Thomas W. Olcott. William E. Dodge. A. B. Conger. Erastus Corning. Charles P. Daly. Nathan C. Ely. John S. Gould. Robert P. Getty. George Dayton. Governeur Kemble. Oswald Ottcndorfer. Hamilton Fish. Edwin D. Morgan. Geo. Opdyke. Lockwood L. Doty. David Devlin. Edward Dodd. Wm. A. Wheeler. Joseph MuUin. Elias W. Leavenworth. Samuel G. Andrews. Peter Caggcr. Isaac Sherman. William Kelly. John A. King. John T. Hoffman. John Anderson, David Banlvs, Jr. James B. Nicholson. Wm. Cassidy. Dean Richmond. Amasa J. Parker. Wm. Curtis Noyes. George Dawson. John W. Avery. Samuel Sloan. Gen. Jas. S. W.xdsworlh. Thomas H. Faile. B radish Johnson. John Stryker. John B. Hall. Henry Grinnell. John Kelly. John F. Seymour. Daniel E. Delevan. Thurluw Weed. Elias B. Holmes. Peter Ilowe. George G. Scott. Wm. C. Beards' ey. 92 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. D. B. St. John. J. Dean Hawley. J. Oakley Vanderpool. Alexander Stewart, Gen. C. W. Saaford. Rl. Rev. Bishop Hughes. Rev. D. Weston. Robert B. Minium. Rev. Morgan Dix. Martin Grover. Smith Ely, Jr. Frederick Jnliand. Thomas Stephens. Great interest was manifested in carrying out this project, and handsome and most liberal contributions were offered by Governor Morgan, Mr. Lenox, the late Mr. Wolfe, of New York City, and others. The work would, undoubt- edly, have been carried forward, and the Home then erected, had not the trustees, upon canvassing the State, in order to learn how many inmates it would then be necessary to pro- vide accommodations for, discovered that there were but few soldiers or sailors whose friends would allow them to become inmates of an asylum. Obtaining this informa- tion, the trustees folded their arms, believing that the time had not then arrived when a Soldiers' Home was needed. SECOND EFFORT. The second effort was made by the Grand Army of the Republic, which organization annually sent a committee from its encampment to the Legislature, asking that some action be taken in regard to this matter. In the year 1872, through the personal efforts of Gen. Henry A. Barnum, then commanding the Department of New York, G. A. R., the Legislature passed an act incor- porating the " New York Soldiers' Home," which provided that said institution should be created and maintained by the State. The following are the persons named therein as trustees of said Home : Henry A. Barnum. Jno. C. Robinson. Henry W. Slooum. AVm. Johnson. James Jourdan. John H. Martindale. Clinton D. McDougal. Timothy Sullivan. Jno. C. Caruiichael. Joseph Forbes. Edmund L. Cole. John Hammond. James McQuade. Wm. F. Rogers. John B. Murray. Wm. M. Gregg. David C. Stoddard. J. B. Kiddoo. Adolphe Nolte. N. M. Curtiss. James E. Jones. The act, however, failed to provide any appropriation, and none was made. On account of the diversity of opin- ion as to where the institution should be located, and from other causes, — although each annual encampment of the G. A. R., in the years 1873 and 1874, sent a committee to the Legislature for that purpose, — no appropriation was ever made, and the trustees became discouraged. It was at this time that a feeling became manifest among a few of the members of the G. A. R., of appealing direct to the people for aid to build and establish a home for the disabled soldiers and sailors who were or might be debarred the privilege of entering the homes provided by the Na- tional Government. With this object in view, E. C. Parkinson, of Brooklyn, procured subscriptions of one hundred dollars each from the following persons : John B. Norris. John F. Henry. A, S. Barnes. B. B. Hagerty. C. P. Dixon. Wm. C. Kingsley. J. S. T. Stranahan. Philip S. Crooke. all citizens of Brooklyn, — the first having been obtained Jan. 4, 1875, and the others within a few days thereafter ; said subscriptions having been made upon the condition that at least ten thousand dollars should be pledged before payment thereof would be required. At the annual encampment of the G. A. R., Depart- ment of New York, held at Rochester, Jan. 20 and 21, 1875, ill accordance with a recommendation made by E. C. Parkinson, Department Inspector, in his annual report, a committee of fifteen comrades was appointed to consider the feasibility of establishing a Soldiers' Home, and to report at the next semi-annual encampment, the following persons having been appointed such committee : John B. Murray. Stewart L. Woodford. Henry W. Slocum. Geo. H. Sharpe. Wm. F. Rogers. E. Jardine. E. C. Parkinson. T. J. Quin. M. S. Hicks. L. W. Fiske. E. J. Loomis. B. A. Willis. E. L. Cole. James E. Curtis. John Palmer. The report of said committee was that one hundred and eighty-eight acres of land, lying on Lake Keuka, would bo donated by the citizens of Penn Yan and vicinity. No positive action was taken upon the report of the committee, and it was discharged. At the annual encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of New York, held at Albany, Jan. 25 and 26, 1876, the following per- sons were appointed a committee, with power to add six additional names, having full power to take such action as in their judgment might seem proper in regard to the es- tablishment of a Soldiers' Home, and to fill vacancies, etc. Seymour Dexter. William F. Rogers. Frauk H. Sheppard. J. A. Lewis. E. L. Cole. J. H. Curtis. E. B. Gere. A. H. Nash. E. C. Parkinson. B. F. Finly. Willard Bullard. L. W. Fiske. C. R. Becker. M. F. Sheppard. R. L. Fox. On the day of their appointment the members of the committee met in Albany, and proceeded to effect an or- ganization. Mr. J. H. Curtis and C. R. Becker declining to serve, John Palmer and S. P. Corliss, of Albany, were appointed to fill the vacancies. The following committee was appointed on organization and plan : Seymour Dexter, Willard Bullard, and R. L. Fox. A committee on location was also appointed. The bill of incorporation was drafted by Hon. Seymour Dexter, of Elmira, presented in the Assembly by Hon. Eugene B. Gere, of Owego, and taken charge of in the Senate by Hon. L. Bradford Prince, of Queens County. The bill was duly passed and signed by the Governor, Samuel J. Tildeii, on the 15th of May, 1876. By the terras of the bill of incorporation the above com- mittee of fifteen, with six other gentlemen to be by them selected, together with the Governor and Comptroller of the State, and the Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic of the State of New York, formed the first Board of Trustees. A meeting for the selection of the six addi- tional trustees, and the or anization of the board, was held HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 93 at the headquarters of the Grand Armjr of the Republic, Department of New York, 111 Broadway, New York, June 1, 1876. At said meeting John F. Henry and Henry W. Sage, of Brooklyn ; Henry W. Bellows, of New York City ; Chas. G. Craft, of Albany ; Farley Holmes, of Penn Yan ; and Frederick Davis, Jr., of Watkios, were duly chosen as the additional trustees; and thereupon the board was duly organized by the election of E. C. Parkinson, President ; J. A. Lewis, Secretary ; and John F. Henry, Treasurer. Committees were appointed on plan of organization and location. The committee on location were direcled to give notice to all places in the State desiring to offer inducements for the site of the Home, to send to the committee their proposals by the tenth day of July following, and that the committee would meet in the city of Ehnira on said day for the purpose of visiting the various localities from which proposals were received. Propositions were received from the citizens of Watkins, Penn Yan, Lake Keuka, and Bath. Several days were spent by the committee in carefully ex- amining all these locations, and the various advantages and inducements offered by each. After mature deliberation the committee reported to the board at a meeting held in the city of Eimira, June 14, in favor of Bath. On the report being made and much discussion arising, it was de- cided that the entire Board of Trustees should visit the sites offered by Bath, Lake Keuka, and Watkins, which was done forthwith ; and at an adjourned meeting held at Wat- kins, on June 15, the report of the committee was adopted. The location offered by the citizens of Bath was a farm, situated about one mile west of the village of Bath, on the Conhocton River, known as the Rider farm, consisting of two hundred and twenty acres. Li addition to said farm the citizens of Bath donated the sum of six thousand dol- lars in cash towards the erection of the buildings. A meeting of the committee on plan and organization was held at Bath during the last week in September, 1876, at which time it was decided to invite architects to submit plans for the proposed Soldiers' Home buildings to an ad- journed meeting of the committee, to be held at Bath on the 16th of October following. It was determined that three buildings should be erected, — two buildings each about one hundred and twenty-five feet long by thirty wide, and a third building one hundred and twenty-five feet long and sixty wide, — all to be three stories in height, built of brick with suitable trimmings. In accordance with such decision of the committee, a circular was issued and sent to all ar- chitects who desired to compete in the presentation of plans at said adjourned meeting. Plans were submitted by the following-named architects : I. G. Perry, of Binghamton ; M. E. Bcebe, of Buff\ilo ; John Y. Culyer, of Brooklyn ; L. J. O'Connor, of New York City ; Craft, of Sara- toga Springs ; W. H. Hamilton, of Utica ; Warner & Cut- ler, of Rochester. None of the plans proving entirely satis- factory, further consideration of the same was postponed until October 26, at which time modified plans were sub- mitted by Messrs. Warner, Culyer, Beebe, and Perry. After full consideration of said plans, those submitted by Messrs. Warner & Cutler, of Rochester, were accepted, and Mr. Warner was duly employed as the architect for the erection of the buildings. In November a stone quarry was opened upon the farm, from which sufficient stone for all the foundations, and all the cut stone excepting window-sills, were obtained and placed upon the ground ; the cutting of the stone continued during the winter. All the sand used in the construction of the buildings is obtained on the farm. About the middle of April, 1877, ground was broken for the buildings, much of the materials for the same having already been delivered. The following gentlemen constituted the Board of Trus- tees for 1877: the Governor of New York; the Comp- troller of New York ; James Tanner, Commander G. A. R., Department of New York ; E. C. Parkinson, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; J. A. Lewis, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; John P. Henry, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Henry W. Sage, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; E. W. Brueninghausen, New York ; Louis Schlam, New York ; Sinclair Tousey, New York; John Palmer, Albany; E. L. Judson, Albany ; S. P. Corliss, Albany ; E. L. Cole, Troy; R. L. Fox, Oneonta; F. H. Shepard, Utica; L. W. Fiske, Boonville ; Seymour Dexter, Eimira ; W. F. Rogers, Buf- falo ; M. F. Sheppard, Penn Yan; Farley Holmes, Penn Yan ; A. H. Nash, Geneva ; William Rumsey, Bath ; Ira Davenport, Bath. Officers of the Board. — E. C. Parkin.son, President; J. A. Lewis, Secretary ; William Rumsey, Counsel ; John F. Henry, Treasurer. LAYING THE CORNER-STONE. Wednesday, June 13, 1877, will be a memorable day in the annals of Bath, for on that day was laid the corner- stone of a building which will be not only a memento of the gratitude of the State to its heroes, but a proud monu- ment of the patriotic liberality of the citizens of this village. In the hearts of the soldiers of the Union, the citizens of Bath will always be held in warm affection. At an early hour the streets were alive with visitors from the surrounding country. It was a gala day, and all Steu- ben County, and a goodly portion of the State, came to assist in the ceremonies. Flags and banners were sus- pended everywhere, and bands of music enlivened every one by playing popular melodies. Shortly after two o'clock the procession formed in front of the Park, and at the signal marched by Liberty and Washington Streets in the following order : Greisinger's Band. Custer Post, No. 81. Veterans, white and colored. Capt. Linderman's Battery, Buffalo. Pier's Band, Corning. Delegates to Semi-Annual Encampment of G. A. R. Carriages, containing department commander, presiding officer, orator of the day, the department staff, representatives of the press, soldiers of the war of 1812, President of the Board of Trustees, vill.age authorities, and Trustees of the Home, clergymen, and other invited guests. Citizens generally. The road was thronged with people on foot and in car- riages. When near the Home grounds, the battery lefl the column and took position on the hill above the Home, whence it fired salutes at intervals during the ceremony. The main building was beautifully decorated with flags, and was roofed over. On the northeast corner a platform was erected for the speakers and officials. Among the distin- 94 HISTORY OP STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. guished personages on it, besides the speakers, were Gen. Henry W. Slocum, of Brooklyn, who commanded the left wing of Sherman's army on the march to the sea. Rev. Father Farrell, of St. Joseph's Church, and Mr. Grady, of New York City, Rev. Henry Hylaiid Garnett, and ex- Lieutenant-Governor John C. Robinson. Fully fifteen thousand people were on the ground. In the distance could be seen Frank Leslie's artist, with his big camera, photographing the scene. E. C. Parkinson, President of the Board of Trustees, introduced Hon. Sherman S. Rogers, of Buffalo, who acted as presiding officer. Elocjuent addresses were made by the chairman, by the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, and Depart- ment Commander Tanner. Mr. Albeit Clark, Superintend- ent of Construction at the time, spread the mortar, and the corner-stone was lowered into its place and formally laid by Comrade Tanner, amid the cheers of the crowd. TRANSFERENCE TO THE ST.\TE. In pursuance of an act of the Legislature, passed March a meeting held November 13, was appointed Superintendent of the Home. DESCRIPTION OP THE HOME. The ftrm upon which the Home is located consists of two hundred and forty-one and one-half acres, and lies about a mile and a half northwest of the village of Bath. It is in the beautiful Conhocton Valley, which at this point is about half a mile wide, and is shut in by hills which rise to a height of from six to eight hundred feet. The Conhocton River runs through the easterly portion of the farm, drain- ing the land thoroughly, and with its swift current carrying away all the drainage and sewage from the buildings. The soil is a rich alluvium, with clay and sandy loam. About ninety acres of the farm lie in the valley, and the balance to the westward consists of high rolling land. It is all tillable with the exception of thirty acres of wood- land, situated in the northwest corner of the property. There is an excellent quarry on the farm, from which all the stone used in the foundations was taken, and sufficient may be taken from it to build foundations for any building NEW YORK STATE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS HOME, BATH, N. Y. 11, 1878, the Home was transferred by deed to the State, and the following Board of Trustees appointed by the Governor, to hold office for one, two, and 'three years re- spectively, from the 15th of January, 1879: Board of Tiiislees. — The Governor, ex-nfficio ; the At- torney-General, ex-ojicio ; Henry W. Slocum, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; James McQuade, New York City ; Isaac F. Quinby, Rochester, N. Y. ; William F. Rogers, Buffalo, N. Y.; Nirom M. Crane, Hornellsville, N. Y. ; Byron B. Taggart, Watertown, N. Y. ; Ansel J. McCall, Bath, N. Y. ; Jona- than Robie, Bath, N. Y. ; John F. Little, Bath, N. Y. Officers of the Board. — Henry W. Slocum, President; Isaac F. Quinby, Vice-President; Nirom M. Crane, Treas- urer ; John F. Little, Secretary. Executive Committee. — William F. Rogers, James Mc- Quade, A. J. McCall, B. B. Taggart, Jonathan Robie. E. C. Parkinson was appointed Superintendent of Con- struction June 7, 1878, to complete the buildings, and at that may be required in future. This quarry is a valuable acquisition, as it has already saved, and will in future save, a large sum in construction expenses. The water-supply is practically unlimited. At several points on the land are springs of beautiful water, which even in the hottest summer weather is delightfully cool, pure, and palatable. The main spriog, from which the buildings are supplied, is located on the land of C. Lang, adjoining the Home farm. The spring, and the right of way to it, weie purchased from Mr. Lang. A stream sufficient to fill a three-inch pipe issues from the spring, and is conducted to a reservoir located on the Home farm, about one thousand feet from the spring and fifty feet below its level. This reservoir will hold three hundred thousand gallons of water, and is one hundred and thirty feet higher than the water- table of the buildings, thus furnishing a water-supply suffi- cient for all purposes, with sufficient " head" for use in case of fire, and to carry the water over the top of the buildings. HISTOKY OF STP:UBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 95 The reservoir is about eighteen liundred feet from the Home, and the water is conducted thither by a six-inch iron main. Tiic buildings of the Home consist of one large main building, one hundred and twenty-five feet long by sixty feet wide, and two lateral buildings, each one hundred and twenty-five feet long by thirty feet wide. All the build- ings are three stories high, and are built of the best qual- ity Hurseheads brick. The walls are double, consisting of two eight-inch walls, with a space of two inches between. Under each building is a tliomuglily dry cellar, eight feet high. The barracks, or smaller buildings, are located one on each side of the m'ain building, and distant sixty-five feet therefrom. Their rear ends are situated opposite the centre of the main building, so that they project just half their length in front of it. A wide covered veranda runs com- pletely around each. The first floor of the main building is used as the dining-liall and kitchen. The ceiling is six- teen feet from the floor, and is supported by iron columns which stand on brick piers built in the cellar. In the dining-room will be placed twenty-two tables, at which five or six hundred soldiers will take rations. At the rear of the dining-room is the kitchen. Here are three euormous coflfee-pots, of bright copper, which will hold about one hundred and seventy-five gallons. Here also is a splendid cooking-range of the most approved style, twelve feet long, with three fires and three ovens, and all other improve- ments that could be imagined. There are also four enor- mous jacket-kettles for cooking meats and vegetables, soup- kettles holding two hundred and sixty-five gallons, and a water-tank. On the east side of the kitchen, as in all the other rooms, there is a hose-attachment, through which a stream of water can be thrown into an inch-hose in case the kitchen should take fire. On the other side of the kitchen is a sink ten feet in length, where the dishes will be washed. The water from this sink will be drawn off into a tank outside, where the grease will be skimmed off for soap. The two upper floors of this building and all floors of the barracks are used for dormitories, each having rooms at the front for the ofiicers in charge, and rooms in the rear for wash-rooms and water-closets. There is no useless ornamentation on the buildings. They are plain and neat, there being no sacrifice of the space or material for mere purposes of adornment. The windows have stone lintels and cap-pieces. In the centre of the lateral buildings three windows on each floor are grouped, the lintels and cap-pieces being of white stone. An arched piece'of ornamented work, consisting of gray and blue stone set into the brick-work in concentric semicircles, springs from the side of the top group, and the whole is sur- mounted by a peaked wing of the roof, producing a pleas- ing eftect without elaborate ornamentation. The present barracks accommodations are estimated to be sufiicient for five hundred men, and with this number in the dormitories, the air space for each man will be six hundred cubic feet. In the rear of the main building is an addition, one story high, in which are the bakery and ovens. Fifty feet in rear of the main building is a one-story brick building, which contains the laundry, the bath-rooms, engine-room, and boiler-room. From this latter point the main sewer starts. It is a twelve-inch vitrified pipe, into which all the pipes from the dormitories, bath-rooms, water- closets, etc., lead. The flow of water is so strong that the sewage is instantly swept away, and is carried by this main pipe to the Conhocton River, into which it empties at a dis- tance of twelve hundred feet below the buildings. There is thus no danger of malarial diseases from sewer-gas, and the perfect sewage and drainage make the location of the home all that can be desired for salubrity. Adjoining the boiler-room is a brick shaft nine feet square at the base and eighty-six feet high. Into this runs the main foul-air duct from under the centre of the main building. All the foul- air ducts run into this main one, and the noxious vapors are drawn into the high shaft by a powerful upward current of air. This current is caused by the heated iron smoke-stack from the boilers running up through the centre of the shaft, and also by a coil of two hundred feet of steam-pipe at the top of the shaft. The powerful draft thus created sends the foul air far above the buildings, where it is speedily dissipated and rendered innoxious. The buildings are heated by steam-radiators, direct and indirect, the pure air coming in from the outside of the building through ducts and carried to the building over stack-radiators, thus heating the pure air on its passage to the rooms, which it enters by the usual style of " regis- ter." Two low-pressure boilers supply the steam for heat- ing purposes. The cooking is also done by steam, which is supplied from a fifteen horse-power boiler. Attached to this is a ten horse-power engine, which is u.sed to do the laundry work. The steam-heating apparatus was put in by E. H. Cook & Co., of Elmira. The buildings are lighted with gas, which is manufac- tured from crude petroleum in a building seventy-five feet in rear of the boiler-room. The light is clear, white, and brilliant, fully equal to the best of coal gas and decidedly superior to the average. On the farm there is one good dwelling-house, the old home- stead, several tenement-houses, and several barns, which can be used for the storage of grain, etc., raised on the ground. THE OFFICERS AT THE HOME are E. C. Parkinson, Superintendent; Daniel O'Driscoll, Post-Adjutant; and A. H. Nash, Secretary. These gentlemen are veterans of the war, well qualified by experience in camp and field to take charge of such an institution, and the excellent order that prevails shows that they do their duty faithfully and intelligently. The work of organizing an institution like this is peculiarly arduous, and requires an amount of forethought and executive ability that few can appreciate.* CHAPTER XX. GRAPE-GROWING AND \FINE-MAK1NG. The Grape District — Grape Culture — Wine Companies — Process of Wine-Malting — Marketing Grapes. THE GRAPE DISTRICT. In the production of grapes and wine Steuben is the banner county of the State. The section of Steuben - For much of the matter of this chapter credit is due the Sleiiben Farmer's Advocate of Jan. 31, 1879. 96 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. County adapted to grape-culture is that portion bordering on Crooiied Lake, in the towns of Pulteney, Wayne, and Urbana, and in Pleasant Valley, at the head of the lake in the last-mentioned town. This district lies in latitude forty-two degrees thirty minutes north, and longitude thirty minutes west of Washington, at an elevation above tide- water of nearly seven hundred feet. The valley of Pleas- ant Valley and Crooked Lake has an indefinite beginning near Bath, and extends in a northeasterly direction eight miles, with an average width of two miles, to the head of the lake where the village of Hammond-sport is situated, the direction of the lake being mainly the same for twenty miles farther to Penn Yaii. This lake is three hundred and fifty feet in depth, of pure, clear water, and seldom freezes over at the head in the coldest winters. It has two branches, separated by a promontory of great elevation called Bluff Point. The circumference of the entire lake, and that portion of the valley in vineyards, is something over sixty miles. The soil is a clay loam largely mixed with shale, gravel, and stone of black slate. The face of the country border- ing the lake and valley is remarkably uneven and hilly, and has in places a slope of forty degrees. This belt or border of the valley and lake is deeply cut and gashed at various distances by rushing, dashing streams (at certain seasons of the year), with ravines a hundred feet deep or more, with cascades, at intervals, of rare beauty, and again by laugh- ing, dancing rivulets, draining the border, the plateaus, and hills which lie back from the lake at every varying distance and height. It is upon these slopes or borders that the vineyards of this justly-celebrated grape and wine region have their location. The belt occupied by the vine is from a quarter of a mile to a mile in width. The circumstances and material elements which conspire to make this a grape locality of earliness and healthfulness of the vine, above most others, are the composition and formation of the soil, the perfect drainage by nature, the influence of the lake, and the links of mountain heights surrounding it ; besides it is believed that Canandaigua Lake north, and Ontario and Seneca near by, lend their influence in lengthening the season beyond that natural to the latitude, so tempering the atmosphere in moisture and warmth as to result in a location fur the vine of great health- fulness, and in giving to the fruit a flavor untainted of soil or anything of a foreign nature. GRAPE-CULTURE. Vine-culture as a business commenced in this region in 1854, by the planting of Catawba and Isabella varieties, which had been grown in gardens for twenty years before, having been first introduced into Pleasant Valley by Rev. William Bostwick. As early as 1836, Mr. J. W. Prentiss, of Pulteney, had obtained a few cuttings of Mr. Bostwick, and planted them on an elevation of eight hundred feet above the lake, and about two miles back from its western shore. From these he continued the experiment year after year, until he had a vineyard of three acres. In 1854, Andrew Reisenger, a German vine-dresser, came into Pulteney, eight miles north of Hammondsport, and planted about an acre and a half on the hill-side on the banks of the lake with Catawbas and Isabellas, mostly the former. The soil was a heavy clay, and he trenched it in the German mode two and a half feet deep. Reisenger's experiment was rather a failure, and was ultimately aban- doned by him. But in 1855, Orlando Shepherd and Judge Jacob Larrowc brought vines from there to Pleasant Valley, and set out about half an acre each on the hill-side, near Hammondsport. The minds of the people in the valley have received a strong impetus towards grape-culture from several causes. The first of these was the uniform proHficacy and excellence of the grape on their lands under almost any treatment ; second, the great success and profits of Longworth and others at Cincinnati in its culture, and the example nearer by, in Avon, and also that of Mr. McKay, of Naples, Ontario Co., who had cultivated a vineyard of several acres from about 1848, with great profit; and finally, the agricultural newspapers of that period were specially engaged in calling attention to the subject. An influx into the neighborhood of industrious and honest Germans, familiar with grape- culture and wine-making, gave the people an opportunity to obtain further information on the subject. They became satisfied that their soil and climate were adapted to that culture, and the Germans supplied them with experienced laborers. They, therefore, did not await the result of Shep- herd's and Larrowe's experiment. In 1858 both of these gentlemen increased their vineyards to two or three acres each ; Bell and McMaster set out six or eight acres of vines ; Edwin P. Smith, two acres; Grattan H. Wheeler, four acres; Charles D. Champlin, one acre; Stanley B. Fair- child, one acre ; Timothy M. Younglove, one acre. In the ftill of 1858, Aaron Y. Baker, of Pleasant Valley, went to Ohio, and examined the vineyards at Kelley's Island, four hundred acres of which were probably then in bearing. He brought back thirty thousand cuttings, and his report of what he saw further stimulated the enterprise of his townsmen. But we can no longer trace the history of individual enterprise. In 1859 and 1860 full two hundred acres of vines were set out. The surface since planted has extended to about five thousand acres, a large proportion of which are in bearing. The present vineyard region extends along the hill-slopes on the west side of Pleasant Valley and the west shore of Crooked Lake for a distance of ten or twelve miles, and occupies a productive area of considerable extent on the east side in the town of Wayne. The varieties now chiefly grown are Catawba, Isabella, Delaware, Diana, lona, and Concord, while there are many others grown in less quantities. Their rank for wine has been graded about as follows : first, lona ; then Delaware ; then Catawba. Diana, for white wine ; Norton's Virginia Seedling, Ives Seedling, Isabella, Clinton, and Concord, for red wine. The average annual yield, taking the entire acreage in bearing, is estimated at three thousand pounds per acre. Some vineyards of Catawbas, Isabellas, and Concords do sometimes yield four tons, and even more, per acre. Other varieties, as Delaware, Diana, lona, and many others, do not yield as much under like circumstances. HISTORY OP STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 97 The fiicilities for shipping the products of the vineyards, either as grapes or wine, from this section are ample and convenient. Hammondsport, at the head of the lake, is connected with Bath by railroad, which has a station at the Pleasant Valley Wine-Uellars, two miles south of the former place and six miles from the latter. Penn Yan, at the foot of the lake, is not only a port for the steamers which make daily trips between there and Hammondsport, but is also sit- uated on the Northern Central Railroad, connecting both with the Erie and the New York Central. The steamers land regularly at the dock of the Urbana Wine Company, whose cellars are located on the west side of the lake, a few miles below Hammondsport. They also cruise along the lake-shore, and take on at every dock the packages of grapes for shipping. The vintage takes place from the 20th of September to the 20th of October. There are shipped to New York and other places, as fruit for the table, from eight to nine hundred tons each year. Of the other por- tion of the whole crop, the larger share is made into wine, some into brandy. WINE COMPANIES. Incidental to such extensive vineyards, where marketing for table use was neither profitable nor practicable on so large a scale, came wine-making, which is now thoroughly organized and systematized as an industry of no inconsider- able magnitude. There are three organized and prosperous wiue companies within the grape-growing zone of this county, whose history we shall now proceed to give in the order of their organization, beginning with the pioneer institution. THE PLE.\SANT VALLEY VVI.NE COMPANY. This company was organized in 1860. The original cor- porators were William Baker, Aaron Y. Baker, Charles D. Champlin, Grattan H. Wheeler, Timothy M. Younglove, Deloss Rose, G. H. Bruudage, E. Brundage, Bell & Mc- Master, Dugald Cameron, and J. W. Davis. It was through the efforts of the late C. D. Champlin that this company was formed, and who was its manager until his death, January, 1875. It was his energy, perseverance, and business ability that made the business a success and made a reputation for its product, which is second to none of the kind produced upon the American continent. Their vaults and buildings are situated about two miles from Ham- mondsport, on the Bath and Hammondsport Railroad. Their vaults are four in number, each 100 by 22 feet, with a capacity of stowing 1,000,000 bottles of champagne and 100,000 gallons of still wine. The officers at present are Hon. Ira Davenport, Presi- dent and Treasurer ; A. S. Tuttle, Vice-President ; D. Bauder, Secretary ; and Jules Masson, Superintendent. The company own but a small experimental vineyard, con- sisting of about five acres, where all the new varieties are grown and tested for wine purposes. They control, through its stockholders, nearly 250 acres of the finest vineyards in this section. This company, in the first year of its organization, used about 18 tons of grapes, which steadily increased until 1874, when they consumed nearly 1500 tons. Since that 13 time until the present it has ranged between 500 to 1000 tons yearly, — 12 to 15 pounds of grapes will produce a gallon of wine. They began the manufacture of cham- pagne in 18G5, which year they bottled 20,000 bottles, which steadily increased until 1870, when they bottled 150,000 bottles, which has been about the average up to the present They distilled from 1000 (o 1500 gallons of brandy annually up to 1875, since which they have not distilled any. The capital is nominally $20,000, but the earnings have been used to enlarge their works, storage, and stock, until they have nearly §200,000 invested. THE URBAN.*. WINE COMPANY. The Urbana Wine Company, located at Hammondsport, in this county, was organized in the spring of 1865, with a capital stock of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and owning two hundred and twenty-five acres of grape land, carefully selected, and much of it then set to grapes. The first officers chosen were John W. Davis, President; H. H. Cook, Secretary and Treasurer; and A. J. Switzer, Superintendent and General Managing Agent. To superintend the manufacture of wine the company secured the services of Charles Le Breton, a native of Nantes, in France, who had been for several years con- nected with important European wine-cellars, and whose practical experience eminently insured .success. The build- ings of the company, which occupy a beautiful site on the lake-shore about half-way between Hammondsport and Bluff Point, were begun in 1865 and completed in the following summer. They consist of three neatly-con- structed stone dwellings, a "leeparate fire-proof building for the distilling of brandy, and the main stone structure containing the cellars and wine-house. The cellars are one hundred by twenty-two feet in the clear, and are separated by a heavy stone wall and arched above at the height of eighteen feet in the centre. The main building, including the cellars, is sixty-five feet at the front elevation from the ground to the ridge, and cost the company thirty-five thou- sand dollars, exclusive of the fixtures, which are certainly no small item of expense when counted in detail. The first elected officers of this company continued to discharge their respective duties till February, 1871, when the stockholders at their annual meeting elected the follow- ing: President, D. M. Hildrith, New York; Vice-Presi- dent, Clark Bell, New York ; Treasurer, H. H. Cook, Bath ; Secretary, A. Smedburg, New York ; General Superintendent, A. J. Switzer, Hammondsport ; Board of Directors, D. M. Hildrith, New Y'ork ; Clark Bell, New York; Henry H. Cook, Bath ; E. Eldridge, Elmira ; Gen. W. W. Averell, A. Smedburg, New York ; Dr. Fred. B. Lent, New York ; Harlo Hakes, Hornellsville ; John W. Davis, Hammondsport. LAKE KEUKA WINE COMPANY. The Lake Keuka Wine Company was organized Oct. 1, 1878, and owns the works known as the " Crooked Lake Wine-Cellars," .situated in the fine grape-growing section on Lake Keuka. W. A. Tomer, Secretary ; Charles Le Breton, Superintendent. ^.T. lie Bretoq was for twelve years in charge as winsr 98 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. maker of the Urbana Wine CompaDy, and his name is favorably mentioned in connection with awards of the Paris Exposition of 1878. PROCESS OF WINE-MAKING. Still Wine. — The fruit is brought to the wine-house, where it is carefully tested with the must scale, the price being graduated by the amount of saccharine matter con- tained in the grape. Good, well-ripened Isabellas range from seventy to seventy-five degrees of the saccharometer, Catawbas eighty to eighty-five degrees, Delawares and lonas occasionally reaching one hundred and ten degrees. The grapes are then ground through a grating-mill, set sufficiently close to break the berries without cracking any of the seeds. From the mill the pulp foils into a ferment- ing-lub or directly on the press, for here is determined the kind of wine to be made. If it falls on the press it is pressed and deposited in large cakes in the cellar as soon as convenient, so that no coloring matter contained in the skin is mixed with the wine, leaving it pure and white. This is called press wine. If it falls into the tub it is left to stand a short time (if white wine is wanted) to allow the wine to settle apart from the pulp, when the wine is drawn from the faucet, and no wine is taken except what will run ofiF without pressing, which is termed " cream wine." If a colored or red wine is de.sired it is allowed to ferment on the skin from two to four weeks, and is then drawn or pressed, as is desired. What remains in the tub after the wiue is drawn is allowed to ferment, and some time during the year, usually in March or April, is distilled, and from this is obtained th^ brandy. When the largest f|uantity of cream wine is made the most and best brandy is made, while from pressed husks the yield is small. The average yield of press wine from good, well-ripened grapes is about eight gallons to the hundred pounds, while the cream only yields five or six gallons. It is estimated that one hundred pounds of grapes will make about one gallon of brandy, so that what is taken out in wine will lessen its yield in brandy. These figures are subject to wide alterations, according to quality and condition of the fruit, but are given to show what may be expected of the grape. If the grape has been grown upon a favored locality, prop- erly trained and cultivated, as the season is favorable, its yield is much more valuable than when reverses follow from the season of blossoming to harvest. The greatest amount of sunshine and the least amount of water that will grow and mature the fruit seem to be the height of excellence. Whether the wine is leached or pressed, it is stored in large casks in the cellar, to ferment, and is racked when sufficiently cured and '■'■fined." The settling of these casks is termed " lees" and is put with the husks and termed " brandy material." Spurkling Wine. — In order to make sparkling wine or champagne, it must first go into and be a good article of still- wine. Sparkling wine is made by inducing a second fermen- tiition in still-wine, which is then corked down, and the gas which the fermentation engenders is held in and forced to mingle with the wine, and ever after seeking its liberty when loosed from its confinement. This gives the wine a sprightly and lively taste, peculiarly palatable and exhila- rating. It is the knowledge and skill in creating and con- trolling the amount of gas in the wine which is so valuable to a wine-maker and wine-making. Indeed, it is one of the nicest points, and requires the most careful attention, for a little too much pressure bursts the bottles, and all is lost ; too little, and the wine is worthless. The grape is perhaps the most delicate and sensitive fruit grown ; and it is sur- prising, even to those who are accustomed to the grape and its habits, to learn, as experience often shows, how the quality of the fruit may be varied by the location and sur- roundings while growing. So, too, nice care is required to know when the wine is in just the right fermentation for bottling. The bottles are filled by a machine (imported from France) with great facility and with the greatest ac- curacy, so that none will be too full and none with loss than enough. Thoy are then corked by another machine, which at once presses the cork and drives it home, when it passes to the grafi'e machine, and is there secured in the same speedy and perfect manner by a graffe or gripe (a late French importation) made of small half-round iron, passing over the cork and fastening under the flange of the bottle on each side. The bottles are then laid down on the side, so that the wine comes in contact with the cork, causing it to swell and make still more secure that which was firmly fixed before. Although the wine when bottled is as well cleared and nicely y?"e(Z as skill can do it, yet, at the exj)iration of a j'car, there are found to be dirty streaks of sediment deposi- ted on the lower side of the bottle. If through accident or carelessness this sediment becomes disturbed, the bottle has again to go down on its side for another long rest, and the operation is retarded for months. This is why strangers are warned in every such manufactory to keep their hands ofi" the bottles. When the wine has lain a sufficient length of time to deposit its sediment and properly ripen, the bottle is placed on a table with the same side down it occupied during its long rest, slightly inclining, the cork downward. An ex- pert shakes each bottle twice a day from four to six weeks, by seizing it by the bottom and giving it a quick, rotary, shaking motion each day, inclining the cork more and more downwards. By so doing the sediment is gradually slid down from the side of the bottle until it rests on the cork, and the wine is clear. The bottles are then removed from the table and piled in large boxes, cork down, to wait their turn for disgorging. When this is done they are hoisted to a room above (always cork down), when the expert seizes one, with the neck of the bottle in his left hand and the bottom in his arm-pit ; he removes the grafle and allows the cork to fly out with a report like a pistol, when all the sedi- ment and a small portion of the wine is thrown out. Then for the first in a long time the bottle is turned bottom down or placed upon its proper base. This process is termed disgorging. By a nicely-constructed graduated scale, an amount of syrup (made from rock candy dissolved in wine) is injected into the wine, without allowing much of the gas to escape. The bottle is again corked, and the cork graffed the same as the first time, but with a new and much finer cork. The first cork cost three cents and the last one five, all of which are imported, as are also all the machinery and HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTr, NEW YORK. 99 bottles used in the wine-making establishments. The cork is next covered with foil, when neat and tasty labels are placed upon the bottles and they are packed in straw ready for shipment. This gives but a faint idea of the labor and expense of making sparkling wine, for it is estimated that each bottle, from the time it arrives at the wine-house and before it leaves, requires to be handled two hundred times in order to perfect a good article of sparkling wine. BOX MAKING. The extensive shipping of grapes necessitated an inven- tion which has grown into a new and important branch of industry. We refer to box-making, which is carried on by several steam establishments in the grape district. To illus- trate the extent of this business we will take one factory, that, for instance, lately run by the Fairchild Bros., at Hammondsport. Commencing in the infancy of the grape- growing, they kept pace with its progress, manufacturing as follows: 1863,20,000; 1864,50,000; 1865,70,000; all being sold at home. In 1867 were made 100,000 boxes, 25,000 going to other grape districts in the State. In 1868, their sales were 180,000, of which 85,000 were foreign sales, going to the States of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and California. In 1870, they made and sold 300,000 boxes, 150,000 going to the States named. Without doubt, they have sold as high as 100,000 boxes in a year to their home trade. Three-pound boxes, eighteen in a case, have been the approved and almost universally adopted method of packing grapes for market until the present season. Baskets, hold- ing from five to twenty-five pounds, have this year been used quite extensively, and promi.se in the future to hold an important place among the packages for shipping. CHAPTER XXI. STATISTICS. TABLE I.— POPULATION. Shomiiig the Population of the Connty hi/ Toicns, and the Proportion of Native and Fnrcifjn Born Inhabitants at the State Census of 1875, Inhabi asts of Stecben Coonty A'ldison Avoca Bath Bradford Cameron Campbell Caiiisteo Caton C/ohoctOD Corning Dansville Erwln Fremont Greenwood Hartsville Hornliy Hornellsville.. Howard Jasper Lindley PrattsUurgh..., Pulteney Rathbone Thurston Troupabnrgh.. Tnscarora Urbana Wayland Wayne West Union..., Wheeler Woodhull 73,838 Z,.593 1,77G 6,704 901 l,60'.l '.^,089 2,94S 1,614 3,161 6,796 1,855 2,023 1,122 1,320 963 1,317 8,858 2,131 1,661 1,481 2,518 1,444 1,389 1,388 2,315 1,478 2,117 2,623 853 1,317 1,387 1,977 Born in the United States. 67,127 2,363 1,713 0,025 970 1,503 1,910 2,823 1,555 2,814 .5,670 1,684 1,819 1,089 1,185 916 1,271 7,455 1,993 1.627 1.401 2,378 1,389 1,259 1,342 2,249 1,:«I 1,928 2,127 834 1,077 1,371 1,936 60,199 2,041 1,621 6.487 886 1,439 1,7.55 2,.541 1,252 2,650 4,937 1,6.37 1,640 1,024 1,106 843 1,160 6,524 1,849 1,485 1.109 2,222 1,294 1,126 1,209 1,892 1,175 1,758 2,029 780 956 1,305 1,667 o o 43,140 1,389 1,103 4,020 633 1,276 1,265 1,880 769 1,904 3,273 1,138 1,311 789 882 699 748 3,998 1.440 1,189 775 1,516 952 866 924 1,.502 842 1,372 1,557 462 692 1,019 1,055 6,218 203 102 4;il 149 68 209 223 114 395 6U3 252 93 69 86 116 223 1,038 93 50 75 358 130 62 99 48 80 139 298 192 115 99 107 10,841 449 416 1,036 104 95 281 438 369 361 1,101 147 236 166 138 129 189 1,488 316 246 259 348 212 198 186 342 253 247 174 126 149 187 405 3,237 166 38 155 23 45 55 128 212 49 382 67 104 20 21 21 55 371 46 60 233 23 18 41 54 264 141 36 12 11 65 22 2C9 BOEtt IN fOSEION COONTRIES. 6,711 230 63 679 21 46 179 125 79 347 1,120 171 201 33 135 47 46 1,403 138 34 80 140 65 130 46 66 87 189 496 19 240 16 11 1,602 5 14 29 254 211 105 11 14 6 7 3 289 6 6 6 4 2 7 1 7 55 165 "i 3 3,635 178 22 4.57 19 36 131 70 19 31 709 28 151 3 124 21 30 831 102 12 18 52 14 92 22 55 51 81 5 9 206 6 20 100 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. TABLE II.— POPULATION. Showing ht/ Towns the number of Persons, of FomiUen, aud of Juhahited Houses, and the average unmher nf Persons to a Funtifi/, aud Persojis to an Jnhahited House, in t^ifenbeu County, from the State Census of 1875. CiTiL Divisions. Steuben Covntt. Aiidiaun , AVOCM , Balli Bradford CHnieron Campbell Ciinisteo Caton Cohocton Corning Dansville Erwin Frpmoiit Greenwood.,., Hartavilk- Hornby Persons. Familiei 73,838 16,092 2,593 562 1,776 419 6,704 1,472 •J91 221 1,009 329 2,1189 423 2,948 615 1,634 373 3,161 681 0.796 1,466 1,855 390 2,023 421 1,122 262 1,320 283 903 2o;i 1,317 298 Tnbaliited Houses. Persons to a Family. 15,147 4.69 514 4.61 393 4.24 1,389 4.56 ■ 216 448 325 4.89 423 494 681 4.79 367 4.38 662 4.64 1,328 4.64 377 4.76 417 4.81 262 4.28 278 4.00 192 4.74 286 4.42 Persons to an Inhiiljited House*. 4.87 5.04 4.52 4 83 4.01 4.95 4.94 5.07 4.58 4.85 6.12 4.92 4.85 4.28 4.75 6.02 4.62 Civil Divikioni:. Hornellsville.. Howiird Jasper Lindlcy Praltsburgh... Pnlteney Pathiioiie Thurstun Troiiiisbnrgh . Tuscaroia. L'rbaiia "Wavland AVayiie M'est Union... Wlii-i'ler Woodliull ,858 ,131 ,001 ,481 ,518 444 ,3S9 ,388 ,315 ,478 ,117 ,623 863 ,317 ,367 ,977 Inhabited Houses. 469 371 303 680 369 304 303 485 317 461 579 206 247 327 469 1,072 460 365 288 555 338 286 291 479 3111 461 468 197 239 321 449 Persons to a Family. 4.69 4.54 4.48 4.89 4.30 4.02 4.67 4.58 4.77 4.66 4.69 4.53 4.14 5.33 4.24 4.21 Persons to an Inhabited House. 5.30 4.03 4.68 5.14 4.64 4.27 4.87 4.77 4.83 4.91 4.59 5.60 4.33 6.51 4.32 4.40 Shnwinr/tfre Different Htlifjionn Datou TABLE III.— CHURCHES. nntittiia ht Steuheii Oniiiili/^ with the Niiwher ttf Church Orffniiiztitions, Edifees^ SIttiiujs, Memhcrnhip, and Value of Church Property, from the State Cenitus for 1875. a .2 1 o i Sittings. Membership. Value of Church Proporty. § 1 1 o 1 1 i a. i. 1 Value of Chnroh Property. Afriran Methodiat Episcopal... 1 1 26 4 1 5 3 44 1 16 8 11 80 8,400 1,250 2.50 1,060 750 14,780 200 5,150 2,1411 6,025 25 S600 2,217 114,000 191 8,500 30 2,1100 260 9,(WM) 147 1--m\ _ 3 1 1 260 34 100 273 70 60 80 90 S 2,000 3,000 14,1100 5,500 1,175 8,000 4,700 1 Haptist j 26 Seventh-Day Baptist Christian Connection 4 \ 3 44 1 16 8 11 4 ! 1 9nn United Methodist 3 1 3 3 950 200 900 800 EvanRoliciO Lutheran Free-Will Baptist Jlethodist Episcopal IHethodist Protestant 3,358 60 1,734 681 4,595 234,275 1,550 179,200 138,250 133,600 Wesleyan Hethudist Total 137 136 S8GT,200 43,885 13,99,'> TABLE IV.— AGRICULTURAL. Sh'iuiiig by Towns the Area of Farm Lanth ; the Valve of Farmt, of Farm Diilldiiiys, of Live Stock, and of Jmplemeuta ; and the Amount of Agricultural Productions. the Area of Crops, Area or Land in Farms. Civil Divisions. Present Cash Value. Actkh, Steubf.x Covntt '503,014 Addison { 6,146 Avoca 15,859 Bath I 38.620 Bradf..rd , 9,902 Cameron ' 15,029 Campbell 11,950 Canisleo 13,.5.52 Caton 14,530 Cohciclon 21,641 Corning 9,053 Dan.sville 21,023 Erwin 6,473 Fremont 12,810 Greenwood 13,427 Hartsville 11,284 Hurnby 15,239 Ilornellsville 14,180 Howard 24,190 .lasper 18,709 Lindley i 6,851 ]'r;ittsbnrgh 27,410 Pnlteney 1 16,: Kathbone 10.854 Thurston 9'895 Tronpsbnrgh 25,171 Tn.scaroia 12,208 Urbana 18,915 Way land . Wayne West Union... Wheeler Woodhull 10,743 10,533 14,8.54 17,865 20,567 Unimproved. ^ AcTfs. I 203,895 2,7,531 3,016 12,708 3,776 6,896 6,512 14,666 3,888 7,208 5,6;i6 5,940 7,079 4,939 2,303 6,745 4,032 6,883 0,480 8,516 10,480 7,578 3,480 4,870 3,437 11,977 8,535 6,002 e,.S74 2,32! 2,100 0,705 6,729 Acres. 110,607 0,045 1,903 6,084 607 3,826 7,171 812 4,087 0,308 7,028 4,228 6,.552 343 7,072 3,081 3,701 2.126 1,807 2,309 050 417 6,034 8,208 1.58 1,624 1,047 300 217 8,301 2,401 6,065 Dollars. 28,002.402 439,782 883,700 2,615,270 529,328 631.645 585,525 918,8501 829,942 1,532,663 774,9601 1,320,390 089,200 646,466 473.625 627,612 094,520 1,278,875 1,071,400 704,710 416,715 1,575,455 1,142,6251 601,525 513,816,: 918,825 599,130 1,400,619 838,980 717,.i44 449,414 890.440 823,940 Dollars. 3,549,.322 54,650 136,100 338.775 81,690 102,825: 94,695 103,190 103,670 201,710 114,890 169,025 64,100 74,985 52,600 53.660 97,975 96,330 139,600 107,690 57,489 209,010 160,780 95.150 75 970 80,000 81,601 158,700 114,115 91,070 40,220 109,915 84,830 Dollars. 4.208,005 65,002 139,710 333,767 79,815 132,890 105,065 120,915 137,987 200,284 104,897 141,385 05,165 93,202 110,465 95,917 121,788 123,485 182,516 147,405 63,150 226,825 132,472 104,421 94,140 211,240 116,140 144,437 134,446 87,803 103,247 123,807 164,826 Dollars. 1,135,772 14,433 43,015 111,912 19,708 35,100 43,199 29,017 37,395 72,328 39,013 43,900 15,094 30,208 10,024 29,200 30,403 36,025 49,688 40,065 17,868 62,449 40,8671 26,680 26,647 49,510 29,.505 31,902 52,876 23,!)51 22,395 31,558 34,782 o a = a < Dollars. 2,939,718 35,202 lai,785 220131 32,632 78,843 57,033 74,;'03 95,882 153,390 93,157 100,345 71900 68,706 66,896 59,646 93,018 90,770 130,421 94,216 30,018 170,937 127,181 6.5,540 55,777 121,132 68,639 155,276 94,994 60,432 68,404 86,938! 111,956 ..4cr^». 155,697 1,732 5.466 12,475 3,432 4,340 2,876 2,999 3,707 8,883 I 3,021 7,782 1,967 4,425 3,137 2,510 3,829 4,263 8,425 4,335 1,056 10,666 6.171 3,153 3,264 5,792 3,343 6,140 6,007 4,807 3,223 6,633 5,318 Grass Lands. Acres. 166,354 2,181 4,328 11,825 2,904 0,116 3,759 6,573 4,200 5,420 2,077 4,980 1,930 3.480 6,905 6,083 4,878 6,648 0,930 7,269 2,390 0,926 3,563 4,010 2,080 11,177 4,841 5,588 3,332 3,369 6,034 6,103: 8,960 Acres. 126,616 1,678 3,1126 8,121 2,199 4,231 3,265 3,304 5,145 4,114 2,651 4,208 1,356 2,901 3,960 3,338 5,661 3,740 6,724 6,403 1,017 6,.533 3,156, 2,591 2,557 7,986 3,692 3,936 3,785 1,708 3,611 3,899 6,2.30 1 Tom. 127,o:il 1,742 2,947 8,137 1,868 4,024 3,813 3,740 6,143 4,659 2,746 4,413 1,721 2,763 3,549 3,462 5.184 3,904 5,799 6,447 2,484 5,768 2,811 2,718 2,717 7,886 3,725 3,870 4,001 1,642 3,090 3,684 6,168 Bushels. 5,24:i 29 85 242 273 274 40 51 093 15 209 89 335 29 110 179 134 309 163 50 237 636 71 122 44 31 36 261 216 98 179 17 Acres. 7,327 16 239 1,:«9 354 115 112 100 47 472 06 486 27 62 6 33 19 30 196 892 4:i7 05 107 111 7 803 244 421 23 283 107 Acres. 10,458 60 441 1,673 459 145 197 169 69 625 109 932 61 124 2 49 38 131 2;i2 73 1,193 725 96 247 160 30 895 401 654 21 396 101 Biisliflt. 134,301 307 4,399 21,191 4.693 3,0:15 1,906 2,116 1,133 9,711 1,606 11,491 602 863 100 767 385 705 3,007 1,426 18,249 7,667 1,598 3,452 2,691 102 11,727 5,912 5,768 610 4,'.99 2,143 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 101 TABLE v.— AGRICULTURAL. Shoiciiij hy Towns the Area of Farm Lands : the Value of Farmn, of Farm Biti/tiin/jB, of Live Stoek and of Implements ; the Area of Crops, and the Amount of Agrieullnral Productions, — (Continued.) Civil Divisions. Buckwheat. Acres. Stkubpn County... 22,301 Addison I 2o.5 Avoca I 4(»5 Biith 1,784 Bradford Cameron.-. Campbell... Canisteo.... Caton Cfjhocton .. Corninj; Daiisville... Krwin FrenK'nt ... Greenwood, HartfVille. Hiirnhy Hornellsville.... Howard .Jasper Lindley Prattsliurgll... Piilteney Rathlione Tliurston Troiipsburgli. Tuscarora Ihbana Wayland Wayne West Union... Wheeler Woodhull 786 906 381 481 91 j7 742 54:! 606 220 081 621 331 800 320 1,323 972 177 1,168 630 651 629 1,038 583 821 502 556 473 004 1,265 A errs. 19,360 332 656 1,105 636 1,173 12 328 68 548 742 863 213 711 10 408 874 346 1,222 1,037 104 1,260 84 771 70S 929 44. 6 700 748 426 753 1,365 Pro- duced. 1874. Btisliels. 446,907 6,052 9,339 37,222 14,449 25,113 6.718 9,753 16,825 13,021 10,340 12,825 4,438 11,216 14,275 7,065 16,211 4,984 24,804 20,660 3,360 22.699 8,820 12,884 10,696 23,520 12,841 16,978 9,842 10,238 9,634 13,405 27,888 Indian Corn. 1874. 1875. I Acres, 12,798 . 232 537 1,759 410 219 409 320 324 631 576 695 an 23.? 75 110 176 402 455 93 283 487 569 262 331 330 381 466 496 400 100 365 345 Acres. 15,524 309 690 2,081 450 207 478 338 463 776 663 741 490 298 77 162 236 562 571 1116 319 607 669 351 469 322 486 551 644 548 1 77' 520 1 417 Pro- duced. 1874. Bushels. 408.091 7,.630 20,650 (.1,286 14,415 10,-60 15,405 11,992 9,476 22,618 22,734 20,370 16,102 7,231 2,835 3,544 6,083 15.979 14,390 2,284 13,091 18,665 20,114 9,0;8 11,289 10,243 12,101 16,024 19,100 25,905 2,303 13.259 12,256 Oats. Area. Pro- duced. 1874. 1874. 1875. Acres. Acres. Bushels. 04,964 73,621 1,633,018 013 773 17,505 2,176 2,398 62,716 4,872 5,581 105,011 1,433 1,447 23,848 2,116 2,163 60,016 1,160 1,200 29,415 1,358 1,763 40,676 1,728 2,011 44,137 3,450 3,882 88,952 1,265 1,361 35,981 2,594 3,147 75,715 604 639 18,642 2.252 2.891 50,322 1,769 1,879 47,411 1,182 1,433 33,797 l,9il 2,1192 44,223 1,674 1,962 47,586 4,040 4,746 93,115 2,011 2,439 64,337 454 542 13,487 4,752 5,110 115,892 1,909 2,358 45,769 1,216 1,511 31,303 1,269 1,458 31,413 2,713 2,966 76,429 1,330 1,562 34,184 2,180 2,302 45,810 2,406 2,975 09,359 1,623 1,595 31,617 1,906 2,030 56,416 2,903 3,040 66,367 2,096 2,376 53,667 Eye. Area Sown. Pro- duced. 1874. 1873. 1874. Acres. Acres. Bush. 6,189 7,995 71,173 4 1 29 492 513 5,501 616 727 6,4:M 290 426 2,.321 3 29 30 31 50 396 24 9 304 37 51 238 929 1,099 10,368 49 49 386 797 041 10,146 22 38 248 170 168 1,451 12 6 164 28 31 317 109 107 010 89 49 912 214 223 2,231 7 n 49 3 19 66 349 650 4,226 50 102 263 52 71 438 103 106 1,063 54 88 686 20 50 171 209 429 2,199 1,129 1,300 16,594 121 214 1,170 7 31 116 236 340 2,302 33 67 441 Spbino Wheat. Pro- duced. 1874. 1875. 1874. .4cre8. 11,473 47 377 1,021 337 196 132 146 166 800 96 1,038 28 321 94 125 105 .306 814 145 .59 1,041 389 102 91 209 210 842 082 173 153 634 206 Acres. 7,946 16 246 732 216 148 106 129 135 451 108 509 90 193 70 110 83 198 665 147 33 .501 302 73 103 301 184 057 661 162 113 278 220 Bushels. 106,210 448 3,195 8,665 2,320 2,263 1,313 1,678 1,556 8,453 991 8,074 266 2,306 062 1,346 1,142 2,073 7,7(11 1,659 579 9,886 3,989 1,080 808 3,827 1,931 6,120 9,078 1,233 1,707 4,028 2,541 Winter Wheat. Area Sown. Pro- duced. 1874. 1873. 1874. Acres. Acres. Bushels. 17,095 22,177 236,591 202 367 2,496 010 988 7,877 2,198 2,792 30,481 483 672 4,454 331 362 4,214 023 762 8.700 708 903 10,530 177 301 2,036 777 1,067 10,965 475 615 8,801 1,909 1,866 28,004 360 642 7,246 280 216 2,742 153 260 2,289 2,52 302 3,431 191 264 2,187 730 1,063 10,561 465 420 4,971 263 329 3,009 357 428 5,477 695 004 9,760 945 1,014 10,318 597 695 6,424 427 572 4,722 480 609 7,443 234 438 2,743 648 833 9,302 612 703 9,021 690 612 6,776 37 67 361 503 781 5,645 291 332 4,511 TABLE VL— AGRICULTURAL. Showing hy Toicng the Area of Fnnn Lands ; the Value nf Farm», of Farm Bmidings, of Live Stock, and of ImpUmenta ; the Area of Cfops, and the Amount of Agn'cultnrul Productiona. — (Continued.) Civil Divisions. Steuben County.. Addison , Avoca Bath Bradford , CaiTieron , Campbell Canisteo , Oiton Cohocton Cornin;; , Dansvillo Erwin Fremont Greenwnml Hartsville >IornIiy Hornellsville... Howard .Jasper Liiiciley Piattsbiirgh. ... Piilteney Rittlibune Thurston Tnitipsburgli... Tuscarora UrItHna Wayland AVayne West Union Wheeler. Woodhull Area. 1874. 1875. .4cr««. Acres. 7,817 9,912 121 127 297 401 413 408 04 80 1 193 195 133 114 118 l:« 278 275 895 l,-549 168 192 i 647 1,054 57 43 ■M- 461 178 19i 120 142 202 209 221 263 3.53 302 179 177 81 74 645 862 ! 144 138 1.58 14s 141 130 233 219 170 102 137 149 375 6,58 88 93 214 208 , 277 444 1 2.60 267 1 1 Pro- duced, Apple Orchards. Grapes. Maple-Sugar. Bushels. 1,003,836 17,233 39,883 61,184 9,494 18,486 16,130 16,401 31,060 110,117 21,172 89,424' 8,451 39,740 26,120; 16,7281 20,4)6 26,343 44,678 22,560 0,886 70,727 14,113 10,510| 10,341 28,801 23,518 14,826 45,087 8,854 33,912 36,330 38,270 Trees. Number. 481,979 ! 7,363 17,168 37,942 7,656 13,029 11,900 9,230 23,013 32,713 13,987 16,036 3,713 14,229 7,025 11,330 17,942 11.734 23.526 13,500 5,883 27,750 17,707 10,495 10.942 17,953 13,493 10,620 17,210 9,021 8,664 15,001 16,0!11 Cider Fruit dSced. """'''• 1874. 1874, Bushels. 567,411 4,835 28,104 50,830 4,017 18,120 11,698 11,838 18,184 40,353 1.5,044 24,733 4,343 20,912 8,786 11,921 15,395 15,036 20,146 11,4:58 5,409 39,793 17,476 8,4.52 10,171 10,000 l:i,176 27,100 20,677 11,217 4,743 10,487 28,077 Bar. 13,504 103 451 1,313 215 317 :i85 26:) 443 929 465 013 119 3:17 97 170 415 323 673 244 20.1 839 009 200 204 234 2011 673 798 293 11 410 099 Fruit pro- duced. Pounds. 4,2:15,720 126 Wine made. Gals. 73,5(0 12,.563i 200 1,025 100 050 9,020 2,000 150 io'i "iii 425 630 300 450 700 1,440 1,210 1,220,643 33,060 1,500 20 880 2,015,835 100 332.300 1 Sugar made. Pounds. 142,621 14,876 1,645 160 123 1,750 5,002 3,390 Syrup made. Gals. 6,200 489 288 27 1,410 13,508 8,464 9,240 1,282 :100 10,0:10 15,140 35 6,889 450 250 771 23,705 315 46 62 320 208 3 408 1 614 75 76 104 47 673 193 15 482 33 38 110 1,244 34 40 50 13,995 2,160 2,306 26 103 216 204 Honey col- lected in 1874. Pounds. 109,317 235 4,970 9,979 2,901 3,;iO() 2,585 3,990 6,936 7,400 0.80 850 9,:135 1,440 5,500 1,250 4,267 1,:150 2,722 6,273 2,155 5,170 3,6:i3 6,205 3,:!22 1,912 3,6:10 3,352 1,825 2,700 Horses on Farms. Junel, 1876. Colts of 1875. No. 1,204 16 28 61 27 26 42 62 21 61 20 IS 16 19 29 42 45 23 20 61 40 30 45 90 34 24 63 26 22 37 43 Colts of 1874. A'o. 1,319 22 38 79 24 45 32 46 47 97 26 77 16 27 23 24 30 40 65 26 16 70 29 41 37 63 44 21 77 23 27 36 61 Two years old and No. 16,119 221 496 1,339 316 446 383 4.34 493 871 442 700 161 414 299 297 481 478 716 5:10 193 880 562 405 357 613 .395 603 6:i6 366 383 661 600 E£ Xo. 34:1 8 36 6 9 4 13 15 13 15 20 7 5 Poultry. Value Value Value of owned sold. epgs sold. 1876. 1874. 1874. Dots. Vols. Volt. 80,307 37,502 65,257 1,2,54 419 594 2,620 1,211 2,634 6,870 3,889 5,712 1,714 780 1,620 1,402 412 876 2,076 950 1,352 2,105 274 1,122 2,686 1,749 2,062 4,163 1,986 4,16:1 2,402 1,1:17 1,5.64 2,377 584 2,712 896 91 80 2,262 894 1,858 633 643 390 1,190 5:12 903 2,6:S3 1,8:16 2,168 1,874 1,097 1,0.V5 3,572 1,388 2.955 2,057 514 2,521 1,463 480 774 5,821 2,623 7,112 3,107 2,381) 3,304 1,9:13 595 920 2,412 1,006 1,818 4,1:10 3,088 3,031 2,6:10 1,486 1,736 2,699 1,180 1,840 2,112 476 2,074 1,831 847 2,010 1,200 1,078 813 2.616 828 2,083' 3,692 1,095 1,399 102 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. TABLE Vir.— AGRICULTURAL. Sliowitir/ hi/ Toinnn the Area of Farm Lands, the Value of Farmn, of Farm Bnildinjs, of Line Stock, and of Lnpleinenti, the Area of Crops, and the Amount of Agricnltural Productions, — (Continued.) Civil Divisions. Steuben Couxtt. Addison Avoca Bath Bradford Cameron Campbell Cani^teo Caton Cohocton Corning Dansville Erwin Fremont Greenwood Hartsville Hornby Hornellsville... Howard Jasper LiiKlley Prattsbiirgh. .. Pulleney Riitlibune Thiii-ston Tronpsburgh... TuscarorH Urbana Wayland Wayne We-*t Union.... Wheeler WoodhuU Ne*t Cattle ox Fahms June 1, 1876. Heifers. No. 5,:«6 l:i2 106 652 68 96 253 143 236 247 123 188 100 157 126 101 169 118 319 183 61 164 108 199 174 218 317 72 157 92 120 107 131 Ab. 8,100 139 180 634 118 156 257 209 279 314 168 279 104 118 298 204 250 166 332 370 174 239 208 250 207 622 318 148 335 116 387 169 352 No. No. 10,123 5,609 1G9 264 706 148 195 23G 283 334 357 186 298 128 206 376 244 309 250 609 439 234 341 194 345 224 892 355 W 327 122 42 i 233 615 150 91 317 120 85 186 204 146 218 86 128 109 1.32 216 109 262 66 176 240 76 261 76 141 141 411 302 112 347 411 278 84 391 A'o. 5,804 63 48 471 107 46 406 106 102 183 66 218 273 SO 106 142 223 284 91 165 89 2.66 149 143 181 660 168 210 106 821 246 98 248 Milch-Cows. Average Number Kept. 1874. 1875. No. 34,882 446 1,310 2,740 425 1,134 8(KI 1,143 1,015 1,142 699 967 328 886 1,36B 1,943 994 839 2,224 1,676 553 1,180 703 841 718 2,627 1,144 767 1,0"5 450 1,212 863 1,734 No. 35,695 463 1,320 2,719 423 1,241 806 1,165 953 1,230 708 953 259 766 1,521 1,136 1,030 858 2,101 1,812 557 1,166 739 887 736 2,683, 1,174 809 1,000 4!4 1,409 829 1,805 Lbs. 3,568,394 62,7-)8 116,685 331.378 67,5611 88,996 78,537 99,875 96,634 178,018 77,276 150,225 33,448 7'.',ld8 65,927 70,474 92,999 63,808 183,006 112,753 4.5.558 177,704 116,072 94,114 76,713 172,804 108,715 128,066 183,720 86,556 77,597 109,101 143,188 TABLE VIIL— AGRICULTURAL. ShoiDtny the Number and Size of Farms in Steuben County at the Census of 1875, by Towns, Civil Divisions. Number of Farms. Steuben County Addison Avona Bath Bradford Cameron Campbell Catijsteo Caton Cohocton Corning Dansville Erwin Fremont Greenwood.... Hartsville Hornby 7900 161 182 616 1.59 256 234 204 300 359 220 244 86 172 181 175 219 1080 25 20 66 15 37 41 27 74 55 46 30 7 18 6 9 30 2807 63 63 198 66 99 94 73 132 128 75 73 14 72 53 52 79 s 1 -a c s 1- c S •0 c T3 C 8 i 3245 27 46 98 253 61 106 i 81 97 1 70 132 67 137 1 56 2 82 118 107 92 3 Civil Divisions. HornelLsville.. Howard Jasper Lindle.v Prattsbnrgh... Pnlten..y Ratlilione Thnrston Troupsburgh.. Tuscjirora Urbana Wavliind W.tyne West Union.... Whc-eler Woodhnll Number of Farms. 172 358 282 178 389 266 199 193 388 246 259 305 163 214 228 295 d d u o •a c a s p c B o 2 29 10 8 36 6 5 30 10 8 30 26 36 63 26 20 46 7 6 18 4 1 27 6 9 56 16 It 39 28 28 .32 8 26 76 15 13 20 3 2 17 4 7 30 2 3 37 51 142 117 67 109 89 82 86 172 87 55 110 55 76 68 117 86 159 122 49 147 82 84 75 146 82 112 80 51 113 118 136 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 103 TABLE IX.— WOOL. Showing hy Totrns, for the years 1855, 1864, 1865, 1874, and 1875, the Number of Sheep Shorn, the Total Weight of the CUp, and the Average Weight of the Fleeces, Civil Divisions. Steubfn County Addison Avoca Buih Bradfoid Cameron Campbell Ctinistco Catun Cohocton Corning Dansville Erwin Fremont Greenwood Hartsville llornliy Hornellsville Howard Jasper Lindley Prattsl'urgh Pulteney ' 4iU81 Rathbone Tburston Troupsbnrgh. Tnscarora Uibanit "Wayland "Wayne "West Union.. Wheeler Woodhull Number of Fleeces. ToTAi, Cup. 1855. 1864. 1865. 1874. 1875. 1865. 1864. 1865. 1874. 1875. 101,484 226,695 233,823 84,897 80,617 336,333 890,065 922,892 404,282 393,020 1,803 483 326 215 199 6,468 2,082 798 955 043 3,007 8,713 10,089 2,948 2,303 9,310 38,448 38,978 13,205 10,818 11,71'2 21,628 21,349 10,056 9,763 38,126 84,968 84,727 48,960 62,758 2,178 5,920 6,(158 2,364 1,807 7,808 24,293 23,384 10,730 8,466 1,010 6,541 5,525 1,359 1,001 6,2o2 20,077 21,206 6,704 8,468 1,219 6,506 6,514 1,023 916 3.483 13,063 12,415 4,675 3,9(5 1,888 6,742 0,786 1,727 1,095 5,589 22,227 14,061 7,347 7,291 1,514 3,810 4,166 1,879 1,045 4,870 13,418 8,553 7,694 4,085 4,044 10,126 11,057 4,170 3,361 14,252 40,297 46,269 20,667 16.347 527 2,109 2,023 605 539 1,516 7,608 7,316 2,467 2,215 6,219 10,573 6,586 4,794 6,027 20,410 74,14(1 44,578 24,338 25,745 802 1,740 1,348 602 378 2,991 7,256 6,773 2,211 1,778 2,129 6,977 7,328 1,498 1,608 8,648 28,(109 28,(J10 6,836 6,980 1,300 8,699 6,901 984 1,333 4,698 20,074 20,469 3,94:i 6,279 2,449 6,2(12 6.405 896 851 9,776 20,787 22,(J38 4,366 4,317 1,093 3,778 4,841 1,022 1,522 7,619 13,180 19,221 6,638 6,453 1,977 6,145 6,863 1,9(J6 1,734 6,243 25,330 26,819 8,563 11,050 6,346 12,489 15,427 2,358 2,304 17,203 48,790 69,586 10,868 11,053 3,656 7,332 8,281 2,371 2,120 13,370 28,078 31,440 11,059 9,376 819 1,852 2,119 328 420 2,700 4,307 8,305 1,240 1,651 8,877 17,570 19,179 9,647 10,284 30,383 74,088 80,928 48,448 53,147 4,981 8,602 10,006 3,970 1,174 16,750 36,616 38,852 20,4.i6 6,200 2,422 2,781 1,022 1,038 8,139 8,768 10 387 4 505 4,009 4,989 1,098 2,621 2,858 1,088 998 4.405 10,585 6,185 3,243 6,381 8,113 1,816 2,020 10,870 22,754 25,402 8,094 9,233 4,135 14,820 3 951 1,592 7,790 1,525 8,132 14 088 13 536 6 708 5,889 38,447 10,318 16J63 29,352 57,278 78,366 36,920 1,451 5,894 6,434 1,704 1,874 6,987 26,590 26,208 8,882 9,711 3,289 5,210 6,617 2,908 2,848 111,749 22,898 23,213 14,736 13,947 681 2,704 3,197 1,391 1,475 1,372 8,635 10,400 6,236 5,504 9,887 12,680 13,390 6,945 6,928 31,876 61,487 60,687 35,199 34,793 1,401 6,291 6,542 1,529 1,706 4,477 19,302 19,734 6,491 7,149 Average Weight of Fleece. 1865. 1864. 1865. 1874. 1876. 3.31 3.95 3.96 4.76 4.88 3.47 4.31 2.45 4.44 4.74 3.04 4.41 3.86 4 48 4.70 3.26 j 3.93 3.97 4.87 .6.41 3.68 4.10 3.86 4.56 4.46 3.24 i 3.62 3.85 4,93 6.29 2.86 j 2.37 2.25 4,47 4.27 2.96 1 3.30 2.16 4,25 4.30 3.22 i3.52 2.06 4,09 3.91 3,52 1 3.98 4.18 4,96 4.80 2.88 3.56 3.62 4,08 4.11 3.28 4.47 6,77 5,08 5.12 3.47 4.17 4.28 4.41 4.70 4.06 4.03 3,82 4,56 4.34 3.31 3.52 3,47 4,01 3.90 3.99 4.00 4.08 4,87 5.07 3.77 3.49 3.97 4.09 4.24 3.16 4.12 3.91 4.49 6.37 3.22 3.91 3.86 4.60 4.80 3.76 3.83 3.80 4,66 4.42 3..30 2,33 3,92 3,78 3.93 3.42 4.22 4.22 5,07 6.17 3.36 4.26 3.88 6,15 6.34 3.36 3.73 4.47 4.73 4.01 3.35 3.70 4.77 6.00 3.35 3,67 3.14 4.46 4..57 3.41 3.43 4.21 3.80 2.84 3.86 4.97 4,74 4,73 4.13 4.34 4.07 5,21 5.18 3.27 4.40 4.13 6.07 4.90 2.36 3.19 3.25 3.76 3.77 3.22 4.85 4..52 5,07 5.02 3.20 3.65 3.5C 4.26 4.19 CHAPTER XXII. MILITARY HISTOBT. Steuben in the War of 1S12 — In the Mexican War. Steuben County was active in the war of 1812. Three companies of militia were ordered out for three months' service at the beginning of the war, — two were independent companies of riflemen, and the third a com- pany drafted from the regiment. Capt. James Sanford commanded one of the rifle companies, which belonged chiefly to the town of Wayne ; the other, which belonged to the town of Urbana, and mustered about fifty men, was commanded by Capt. Abraham Brundage. William White, of Pulteney, was his first lieutenant, and Stephen Garner ensign. These were organized with two rifie companies from Allegany County, and the battalion thus formed was commanded by Maj. Asa Gaylord, of Urbana. Maj. Gay- lord died upon the lines, and the command devolved upon Col. Dobbins. The drafted company was composed of every eighth man of the regiment, and was commanded by Capt. Jonas Cleland, of Cohocton. Samuel D. Wells, of Cohocton, and John Gillet were lieutenants, and John Kennedy ensign. " These companies reached the frontiers just at the time when Col. Van Rensselaer, with an army of militia, was about to make an attack upon the works and forces of the British at Queenstown Heights. Capt. Cleland, with many of his men, volunteered to cross the boundary. . . . The men on the shore of the Niagara, at the foot of a precipi- tious bank, were fired upon by the British batteries on the opposite side, the grape-shot rattling furiously against tlie rocks overhead. The captain advised his men to seek a less exposed position, and disappeared with some soldiers. He appeared again on the field of battle, over the river, in the course of the forenoon, and complaining of illness re- turned to the American side. Lieut. Gillet and Ensisrn Kennedy remained under the fire of the British batteries with most of the men, crossed the river, and went into the battle. " The command devolved upon Gillet. It was doubted whether he would prove a brave officer, but, to the surpri.se of all, he ' rushed into the fight as if he had just found his element,' whirled his sword, rai.sed his powerful voice and cheered on his men. After receiving a dangerous and almost mortal wound he continued to fight, swinging his hat and brandishing his sword, till he finally sank and fell from pain and exhaustion. " Ensign Kennedy then took command, hastily forming the scattering squad which had gathered on that side of the river into a company. At one time they were con- fronted by the Indians, whom they drove into a wood. While exchanging an irregular fire with these enemies among the trees, Benjamin Welles, a young man from Bath, who stood beside Kennedy, looking over a fence, was shot thorough the head and mortally wounded. At the final engagement of this random, but often gallantly-fought battle, Kennedy and his men were in the line formed to meet the British reinforcements which were just coming 104 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. up. Gen. Wadsworth, upon whom the command devolved after the fall of Van Rensselaer, went through their lines in a rough-and-ready style, with hat and coat off, explain- ing to the inexperienced oiEeers his plan. To avoid the fire of the British, the men were ordered to retire below the brow of the hill upon which they were ranged and up which the enemy would march. When the British ap- peared upon the top of the hill, the militia were to fire from below. The slaughter would be great ; tliey were then to charge bayonets, and in the confusion might be suc- cessful, though the decisiveness of a charge of bayonets up a hill against veterans by militia, who before that day had never been under fire, might well have been doubted. The first part of the plan succeeded famously. As the British appeared above the hill a fire was delivered which was very destructive ; but a misapprehension of the word of com- mand by part of the line caused disorder ; the fire was returned by the enemy ; the militia suffered considerable loss, and fell back overpowered to the river, where most of them were made prisoners. Of the Steuben County men, two were killed and three wounded." Ensign Kennedy, in this and other engagements, gained the reputation of a brave and resolute officer. At the sortie of Fort J]rie he ordered his men to lie flat upon the ground, but he himself paced back and forwards by their heads under a close and heavy fire from the British, because he thought " being an officer it would not do" for him to lie down. " In the second year of the war two companies were drafted from the Steuben County militia, and sent to the Niagara frontier, under the command of Capts. James Reed, of Urbana, and Jonathan Rowley, of Daiisville, faith- ful and reliable officers. Capt. Reed refused to go as a drafted officer, but reported himself to the general of the division at the commencement of the war as ready to march at the head of a company as a volunteer whenever he should be called upon. Both the companies were principally levied from the northern part of the county. Of Capt. Rowley's company, John Short and John E. MulhoUand were lieu- tenants, and George Knouse and Timothy Goodrich were ensigns. Of Capt. Reed's company, George Teeplcs and Anthony Swarthout were lieutenants, and Jabez Hopkins and O. Cook ensigns. These conipauies served about four months. All of the officers and most of the men volun- teered to cross into Canada, and were stationed at Fort George." Judge McMaster, from whose very interesting little work, " History of the Settlement of Steuben County," the facts for this account have been drawn, says, " We have not suc- ceeded in learning anything about the draft for the last year of the war, if any was made, nor concerning the militia of this county who were engaged at Fort Erie." The following incident is related by one of the Steuben County militia who was engaged in one of the battles on the Canada line as sergeant of a company : his company was ordered into action, and before long found itself con- fronted by a rank of British red-coats. When within a distance of ten rods from their enemies, the militia halted and were ordered to fire. Muskets came instantly to the shoulder, and were pointed at the British with the deadly aim of rifles at a wolf hunt ;* but to the dismay of the soldiers there was a universal "flash in the pan," not a gun went off. The sergeant knew in an instant what was the cause of the failure. The muskets had been stacked out of doors during the night, and a little shower which fell towards morning had thoroughly soaked the powder in them. It was his business to have seen to it that the muskets were cared for, and upon him afterwards fell the blame of the disaster. Nothing could be done till the charges were drawn. There were but two ball-screws in the company. The cap- tain took one and the sergeant the other, and beginning their labors in the middle of the rank, worked towards the ends. A more uncomfortable position for untried militia can hardly be imagined. The men, as described by the sergeant, " looked .strangely, as he had never seen them before." The British brought their muskets with disagree- able precision into position, and fired. The bullets whistled over the heads of the militia. The British loaded their guns again. Again the frightful row of muzzles looked the militia in the face; again they heard the alarming com- mand, /?re .' and again two-score bullets whistled over their heads. A third time the British brought their muskets to the ground, and went through all the terrible ceremonies of biting cartridges, drawing ramrods, and priming in full view of the uneasy militia. The moistened cartridges were by this time almost drawn, and while the enemy were about to fire, the sergeant stood beside the last man. He was pale and excited. ''Be quick, sergeant; be quick, for God's sake !" he said. They could hear the British officer saying to his men, " you fire over their heads," and instructing them to aim lower. The muzzles this time dropped a little below the former range ; smoke burst forth from them, and seven militia fell dead and wounded. The sergeant had just finished his ill-timed job, and was handing the musket to the private beside him, when a bullet struck the unfor- tunate man between the eyes and killed him. The fire of the British was now returned with effect. Reinforcements came upon the field, and the engagement became hot. An officer on horseback was very active in forming the enemy's line, riding to and fro, giving loud orders, and making him- self extremely useful. " Mark that fellow," said the sergeant to his right-hand man. Both fired at the same instant. The officer fell from his horse, and was carried off the field by his men. They afterwards learned that he was a colonel, and that one of his legs was broken STEUBEN IN THE MEXICAN W.\R. During the Mexican war, early in the summer of 1846, President Polk decided on sending a force of volunteers by sea to the Pacific coast. Col. Jonathan D. Stevenson, then of New York City, now of San Francisco, was em- powered to raise a regiment in the State of New York, to be known as the 7th Regiment of New I'^ork Volunteers, for service on the Pacific coast and to colonize our new con- quest there. The regiment was to contain ten companies of one hundred men each, rank and file. Steuben County was designated as the place for raising ^ They had been fiimiliar with wolf-hunts in the woods of Steuben and Allegany. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 105 one company. William E. Shannon, of Bath, at once vol- unteered to raise the A company. In a very brief space of time Shannon had enlisted the full complement, and the company was organized by the election of William E. Shan- non, captain ; Henry Magee, first lieutenant, and Palmer V. Ilulett, second lieutenant ; J. C. Van Loren, first sergeant, H. D. Alden, second sergeant. Nelson Boch, third, and J. E. Crandall, fourth ; James Williams, first corporal, J. S. Vincent, second corporal, S. H. Lamb, third, and Z. R. Lovelace fourth corporal. Privates. — William H. Skinn, David J. Harmon, Henry Peckham, Charles S. Phillips, James Aldrich, William H. Van Loren, Henry Magee, Joseph Evuns, Francis S. Schoc- key. Comfort Bennett, Jeremiah Van Kuren, Bascom Goit, Charles Whitehead, Emery Stickley, Anthony D. Jones, Ezra Whitehead, Cyrus Wallace, Calvin Bennett, Henry M. Osgood, A. J. Ward, David W. Bunce, Hiram Chase, Josiah Wood, Peter Gary, Jesse S. Cooper, Oliver J. Goit, Walter B. Mapes, Edgar M. Barum, Philander Paine, Cor- nelius Rosenkrautz, Elijah Witherell, James Perriue, Mar- tin S. Goit, Robert B. Given, David P. Graves, Matha Sharp, Elijah ^L Smith, John C. Emerson, Erastus F. Morris, Isaac Whittam, George W. Mapes, Denin D. Mur- phy, James A. Mapes, Horace Mapes, Joseph Craple, Ben- jamin Magee, Morris Coon, Finley M. Pawling, Henry Hop- kins, Calvin Hitt, William M. Gibbs, James M. Vail, Sid Abrun, Lyman Smith, D. H. Carpenter, John B. Lock, John E. Truesdale, Philander Van Aukee, Wra. J. Brown, Warren S. Hodgman, H. S. Biles, G. E. McAllister, Wm. Baker, J. Syke Baldwin, Caleb Hendy, Ira Johnson, Na- thaniel Simonson, George W. Sloan, Lamon Reno, John Magee, Lawrence Ackley, D. J. Thompson. On the Lst day of August, 18-46, the company left Bath, with the warm congratulations of its citizens, for the city of New York, where the regiment was to rendezvous. On its arrival it was accepted and mustered into service as Com- pany " I," and went into camp on Governor's Island. While on the way and before sailing quite a number of the volunteers grew homesick and deserted, but their places were speedily supplied with new recruits. The regiment was a number of weeks in camp. Company I, with D, G, and E, on the 26th of September, 1846, embarked on board the good ship Stisaii Drew, and sailed for their destination. After a prosperous voyage of some six months, with brief calls at Rio and Valparaiso, on the 20th of March, 1847, the ship entered the Golden Horn, and cast anchor in the beautiful bay of San Francisco. On the 1st day of April, of that year. Company I, with D, E, and G, were taken on board the United States ship Lexington, and landed at Monterey on the 2^)th of the same month, and remained there some ten months. Company I was then ordered to San Diego, and took passage on a coasting vessel for San Pedro, and from that place marched overland to the quaint old town. The company remained there until mustered out of ser- vice, on the 25th day of September, 1848, just two years from its departure from New York City. Capt. Shannon died of cholera in Sacramento City, Nov. 3, 1850. Lieuts. Hulett and Magee are now living in California. A few of the privates of that company still survive, — John C. Emer- 14 son, of Bath, Joseph Evans, of Newark, N. J., Elijah M. Smith, of San Francisco, Calvin Hitt, of Minnesota, are the only ones from the vicinity of Bath that are now known to be living. CHAPTER XXIIL MILITAKY HISTORY— (Continued). Stoubea in the War of the Rebellion — Summary of Regiments .sent to the Field— The 2.'ia New York Infantry— Buttery E of the 1st New York Light Artillery — Stth Regiment. The late civil war which had been threatened by the South was precipitated by an attack upon Fort Sumter on Sunday, April 14, 1861. On Monday following, Abraham Lincoln called for .seventy-five thousand volunteer.s to aid in suppre-ssing the Rebellion. Under this call Steuben County, acting promptly with Chemung, sent forth in June, 1861, the 23d New York Infantry, which was the first regiment mustered into the service from the Seventh Congressional District. Early in the same summer, Capt. John Slocum, of Bath, raised and commanded a company which was organized as Battery E of the 1st New York Light Artillery, and mus- tered into the United States Service at Elmira. The 34th New York Infantry, containing two companies from Steu- ben County, was mustered at Elmira, June 5, 1861. The 8Gth New York Volunteers (Steuben Rangers) was organ- ized and sent to the front in the fall of 1861. The 50th Engineers, mustered Sept. 18, 1861, was partly made up of Steuben County men, and also the 104th New York Infantry, mustered during the winter of 1861-62. Then came the 107th New York Infantry, chiefly a Steuben regiment, mustered in August, 1862 ; the 141st Infantry, mustered during the same month ; the 161st Infantry, .sent forward in October, 1862 ; the 179th Infiintry, which was made up partially from this county, mustered from July, 1863, to August, 1864; the 188th and 189th Infantry, mustered in October, 1864. Thus it will be seen that from the beginning to the end of the memorable four years' struggle for the national ex- istence, Steuben was constantly sending her sons into the service. Most of them made glorious records in the prin- cipal campaigns and battles of the war, participated in the last great conflict with the Rebellion, when its power was finally broken in front of Richmond, in 1865, and rejoiced in the surrender of Lee and Johnston, and the final triumph of the Union cause. We give in several following chapters the histories of the regiments and parts of regiments, so far as we have been able to obtain data, and at the end of the respective town histories the roster or military record of each town. THE TWENTY-THIRD NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. The 23d Regiment New York State Volunteers was organized at Elmira, and on the 6th day of July, 1861, was mustered into the United States service. This was the first regiment from the Twenty-seventh Congressional Dis- I trict. 106 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. The regiment was officered as follows : Colonel, Henry C. Hoffman ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Nirom M. Crane ; Major, William M. Gregg; Adjutant, William W. Hayt; Quarter- master, Myron H. Mandevillc ; Surgeon, Seymour Cliurcliill ; Assistant Surgeon, William A. Madill ; Chaplain, Ezra F. Crane ; Sergeant-Major, Archibald N. Devoe ; Quarter- master-Sergeant, Hiram Smith ; Drum-Major, Miles Terrill ; Fife-Major, Julius C. Smead. Compariy A. — Captain, Theodore Schlick ; First Lieu- tenant, Cornelius F. Mowers ; Seeond Lieutenant, George E. Biles. Compuiiy B. — Captain, Marshall M. Loydon ; First Lieutenant, Lemuel K. Bradley ; Second Lieutenant, Wm. Cole. Compariy C. — Captain, Samuel Barstow ; First Lieu- tenant, Moses M. Van Benschoten ; Second Lieutenant, Charles O. Durland. Compnuy D. — Captain, Luzern Todd ; First Lieutenant, Newton T. Colby ; Second Lieutenant, William H. Jones. Compmiy E. — Captain, George H. Powers; First Lieu- tenant, John H. Pierce ; Second Lieutenant, Hugh J. Baldwin. Cumpavy F. — Captain, William W. Dingledey ; First Lieutenant, Melville C. Wilkinson ; Second Lieutenant, Samuel N. Benedict. Company G. — Captain, Frank B. Doty ; First Lieuten- ant, Ira Cone ; Second Lieutenant, John Pronti.ss. Company II. — Captain, M. C. Clark ; First Lieutenant, A. D. Waters ; Second Lieutenant, B. B. Andrews. Company I. — Captain, James D. Chapman ; First Lieu- tenant, A. 0. Durland ; Second Lieutenant, Samuel W. Cass. Company K. — Captain, Nathaniel B. Fowler ; First Lieutenant, Florence Sullivan ; Second Lieutenant, Rodney W. Steele. The regiment left Elmira, and upon arriving in Wash- ington encamped on Meridian Hill, two miles north of the city. July 17 it was reviewed by President Lincoln and Secretary Seward, and a fine stand of colors presented by the patriotic ladies of Elmira. The beautiful banner was presented by General A. S. Diven, and received by Colonel Hoffman, who responded in a brief address, thanking them for the beautiful testimoni.il of their kindness and con- fidence. On the 31st of July, from the camp of the 23d could be distinctly heard the ominous booming of cannon from the disastrous battle-field of Bull Ilun. During the day ru- mors came floating into the city that the Union arms were victorious, but night brought the disheartening truth that the great army was falling back upon Washington, and that the terrible battle of Bull Run had been fought and lost. July 23 the regiment crossed the Potomac into Virginia and encamped at Fort Runyon. On the 5th of August they moved to Arlington Heights, and on the 7th estab- lished a picket line from the road at Hunter's Chapel to the house of a Mr. Pearl, near Ball's Cross-Roads. While in camp at Arlington, the 23d was brigaded with the 21st and 35th New York Volunteers, under command of General James S. Wadsworth. The regiment remained here until September 28, nothing of any importance happening to relieve the monotony of camp-life. September 28 a general advance of the army was ordered, and it moved to Upton's Hill only to find the place evac- uated, and what from a distance seemed to be formidable cannon proved to be stove-pipe mounted on wheels. On Upton's Hill, at a locality named by the men of the 23d Upton's Dale, the regiment went into winter quarters. The three months, December, January, and February, that the regiment remained in this pleasant camp were passed in drills, reviews, and picket. Nothing occurred to break the ceaseless monotony of camp-life. " All quiet on the Potomac !" was the sentence flashed along the wires day after day, until it became a stereotyped head-line for the press, read in Northern homes till patience ceased to be a virtue, and the people clamored for a move of the Army of the Potomac. At length, on the lOth of March, orders were given for an advance, the grand, well-disciplined legion moved, and the nation breathed freer. As the army moved forward the 23d shared in the general chagrin in finding that the formi- dable host of the enemy had folded their tents and silently stole away, leaving their pursuers in possession of the banks of earthworks, over which protruded tlie ominous-looking " Quaker guns" of Manassas. On the 14th of Jlarch the command of the brigade was transferred from Gen. Wadsworth to Col. Rogers, of the 21st. March 15 the regiment started for Alexandria, for the purpose of shipping on transports. The roads at this time were in an almost impassable condition, in consequence of the heavy rains that had recently fallen, and after strug- gling one day in the mud the regiment returned to its old camp. Here they remained two days, and moving one mile farther on, encamped at Bailey's Cro.ss-Roads. They remained in this camp until April 4, during which time Gen. Patrick took command of the brigade. From here the 23d proceeded to Fairfax, and from thence to Manassas, and on to Bristoe. April 19 finds the regiment bivouacked at the foot of Fredericksburg Heights, from which point the city was subsequently bombarded. The enemy evacuated the city on the 1st of May, and on the 7th instant. Gen. Patrick, having been appointed mili- tary governor of the city, detailed the 23d as guard and patrol. This regiment raised for the first time the Union banner in this rebel town. The 23d remained here about two weeks, when a general advance was made, and after a series of fiitiguing marches it returned to Fredericksburg, reaching Elk Run June 9. On the 27th of June the regiment encamped at " Camp Rufus King," on the Belle Plain road, about three miles from the Rappahannock River. This camp was located on lands owned by the wealthy planter King in the earlier days of the Old Dominion. While encamped on this beautiful spot two interesting ceremonies took place, that of the pre- sentation of a sword to Col. Hoffman by the non-commis- sioned officers of his command, and one to Liout.-Col. Crane by the privates of the regiment. A few days later a handsome sword was presented to Maj. William M. Gregg by the officers of the line. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 107 July 24 the reginient started on a reconnaissance towards Gordonsville, which, without entering into particulars, may be justly regarded as the most extraordinary reconnaissance during the campaign. On the 10th of August marcliing orders were received and regiment moved towards Culpepper, and on the 16th arrived at the foot of Cedar Mountain, and remained two days on the battlefield. August 18 the wagon-trains were sent to the rear, and the regiment received orders to march at a moment's notice. They proceeded to Rappahannock Station, and were actively engaged in that battle, fought August 21 and 22. A member of the I'egiment, speaking of this conflict, says,— " We moved up the river opposite the first ford north of tliu station, and encamped for the night. During the night tlie enemy crossed with a force of artillery and cavalry, and took position in a corn-field and wood near the ford. The fight was opened about eight o'clock A.M. by Gen. Patrick's brigade. The enemy opened his battery from the corn- field, but was soon driven from this position by Reynolds' battery and Battery B, 4th United States. As the sua was sinking down the horizon we advanced to the river, under a raking fire of artillery and musketry, and took jiusition near the bank of the river, but owing to our small force we were compelled to retire. The 23d fell back over a rise of ground raked by the enemy's artillery, column en masse, and in perfect order, while the shells burst fearfully above and around it." Lieut.-Col. Crane in his ofiicial report of this battle says, " This was the first time that my regiment had been under fire of artillery. I was highly pleased with the conduct of the men. They were cool and prompt to obey orders. Both men and officers behaved like veterans ; not a man flinched from his duty." On the morning of the 23d the battle opened with heavy artillery, and lasted several hours. During the forenoon of this day the regiment started for Warrenton, and finally, having come within one mile of the town, bivouacked on the Sulphur Springs road. The regiment participated in the battle of White Sulphur Springs, a spirited and lively contest. Next came the march to Gainesville, one of the most severe marches of the campaign, in consequence of the oppressive heat and scarcity of water. When within six miles of the town the regiment halted for breakfast. After the scanty meal had been taken and all the extra ammunition destroyed the command pre.s.sed on, and dur- ing the afternoon the advance division was fixed upon, but it was not until the sun began to sink below the western horizon that the first shot was fired at the battle of Gainesville. The attack was opened by Gen. Gibbon's Brigade, supported by Gen. Doubleday, Gen. Patrick's Brigade holding the left. In this engagement the 23d, although on the field, was not entirely engaged. The battle lasted but one hour and ten minutes, during which time Gibbon's Brigade lost eight hundred men. Gen. Patrick's Brigade, to which the 23d was attached, held the field until the wounded were cared for, and at three o'clock A.M. started for Manassas Plains, which place was reached during the afternoon, the men almost exhausted from want of sleep, food, and water. The regiment had scarcely stacked their arms for rest when Sykes' Brigade of regulars passed en route to the Bull Run battlefield, when Gen. Patrick rode rapidly up and cried out, '• Prepare to march !" The brigade was soon in line, when Gen. Patrick ad- dressed them in the following words : " My men, we return to the battle-ground of last night. You fight in good company. You follow the regulars. They're my old com- panions-in-arms. You fight well ; I've no fault to find. Keep well closed up and prompt to obey orders. Col. Rogers, lead off" by the right flank." The regiment par- ticipated in the battle in the afternoon. On the following morning opened what has gone down to history as the '•second battle of Bull Run," one of the deadliest contests of the Rebellion. From the numbers of the enemy and their close proximity, it required no prophetic eye to see that a fierce battle was imminent. The 23d, then numbering only two hundred and twenty- five in line, went into this battle with Col. Crane in com- mand. The following description of the battle is taken from Col. Crane's official report : " This morning (August 30j, after giving time to get coffee, the brigade changed positions two or three times to different parts of the field. No enemy in force was dis- covered, notwithstanding our batteries kept throwing shell into the woods to draw them out or bring forth a response, but all continued silent. " About two P.M. our division was placed under com- mand of Fitz-John Porter, and with his corps ordered to advance. It was the prevailing opinion that the enemy had retired, having been defeated on the previous day. We advanced. King's Division having the right and form- ing four lines of battle. My regiment was the third line of the division. (Gen. Hatch was now in command. Gen. King having been relieved for the affair at Gainesville, on the 28th.) We now moved forward to a thick wood. Here the skirmishers commenced firing, and soon the ad- vanced lines opened with terrific volleys of musketry We pushed on. Soon the bullets flew around us as thick as hail. Now commenced in earnest the final battle of Bull Run. The enemy's artillery opened upon us with shot and shell, and this, with their musketry, made a storm of their fire. Our artillery, in the rear of the woods, could give us no support. " Thus the battle raged for about one and one-half hours, until our front lines were broken and the dead and wounded lay in heaps. The enemy lay behind a railway embank- ment, and so well protected that our men charged in vain upon them, sometimes upon the ditch, and fought hand-to- hand. Sykes' Brigade of regulars on our left was forced back, our two front lines were decimated and broken, and our (Patrick's) brigade badly cut to pieces. Col. Pratt, of the 20th New York State Militia, was killed and the regiment scattered and demoralized. The 21st was used up, and the left wing of the 35th decimated. These had all left the field and fallen back. " I had heard no order to retire, and remained in the lOS HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. woods some little time, my regiment being almost alone. I finally gave the order to retire (right of companies to the roar), and did so in as perfect order as on battalion drill. In this action I lost a number of men and officers wounded, but only a few killed. Providence has thus far seemed to favor us. " On emerging from the woods I met Gen. Patrick, and saw at once that the battle was going against us, as the enemy had turned our left, and the fighting was terrific of musketry and artillery on that part of the field. Our bri- giide was got together (what was left), and we took a position in rear of a battery, and the men were ordered to lie down. " We lay in this position about half an hour, then were ordered towards the rear and left. As we moved over the field the enemy continued to throw shot and shell at us, but fortunately none of my rejjinient were hurt. As we came out upon the pike. Gen. McDowell rode up, his horse all covered with foam and dust, and he himself look- ing nearly exhausted with fatigue and excitement, and or- dered us towards Centreville. We continued the march, and soon learned that the army were on the retreat to Washington. " We arrived at Centreville about ten P.M., worn out and exhausted. We lay down upon the ground so completely tired that we did not mind the rain that commenced, but slept soundly till morning and wet to the skin." The following day was one of the deepest dejection to the Army of the Potomac. The army was in full retreat, surging back upon Washington, followed by the victorious arms of the Confederacy within thirty miles of the capital, and confidence in the generals gone. Col. Crane farther on in his report says, " It was about nine A.M. when we received the news that Gen. McClellan was again in command of the Army of the Potomac. The efiect was wonderful and thrilling. For miles along the lines of that battle-shattered and disheartened army cheer upon cheer rent the air, and the sound swelled and rolled along like a wave. Officers sprang into their saddles with a bound, soldiers grasped their muskets with eagerness and sprang to their places in the ranks, and, at the order for- ward, all moved as if invigorated with renewed life. We all felt that we were again a host, and could and would save our capital and country." The regiment marched on towards Fairfax, where it re- mained overnight, and on the followini; morning proceeded on in the direction of Centreville, finally meeting the balance of the brigade, and countermarched. " About this time," says Col. Crane, " we learned that the enemy were about to make an attack at a point near Chantilly. Our brigade was moved in that direction, and the 35th, 21st, and 23d were placed in the old rebel rifle- pit to protect the right of our line of battle. About sun- down the enemy attacked our left, and the battle lasted until about nine P.M. The firing of musketry and artillery was incessant, and this with the terrific thunder and light- ning rendered the scene grand and terrific. The enemy were repulsed with considerable loss. We remained here until the following afternoon, when we were ordered to march to Upton's Hill. We set out immediately, and reached that place about midnight." Thus ended the disastrous campaign closing with the second battle of Bull Run. The 23d remained at Upton's Hill four days, and then commenced the march into Maryland ; and September 14 finds them in the battle of South Mountain. In this en- gagement both officers and men behaved splendidly, and received many encomiums of praise from their superior officers for their bravery and coolness. The regiment next participated in the battle of Antietam. In speaking of this battle. Col. Hoflfman, in his official report, says, " The officers and men of my command who went into the action behaved most admirably, never deranging their alij;nment during the surgings backward and forward of the lines, obeying with promptitude every order, and all the time remaining firm, steady, and never moving until they had received the full order. Their conduct was all that I could wish. We had one field, one stafl", thirteen line officers, and two hundred and twenty-three enlisted men. Our casualties were four killed and thirty-five wounded." After various marches and skirmishes as well as changes of command and camps, November 25 finds the regiment in camp near Brooks' Station. Here the 23d remained until December 9, when it broke camp and moved forward. It went into the battle of Fred- ericksburg, and, by its courage, perseverance, and soldierly bearing, added fresh laurels to those already won on many a hard-contested field. We append Col. Hofirnan's official report of this battle : "Headquarters 23n N. Y. Vols.. Pratt's Point, Va., "Jan. 2, 1863. "Lieut. H. P. Tavlor, Licuten.int ami Acting Adjutant-Gcneval 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 1st Army Corps : " Sir, — In pursuauce of orders, I have the honor to report the part taken by my eommand in the late action at Fredericlisburg, Decem- ber 12, 13, 14, and 15, to be as follows : "On the morning of the 11th of December we moved with the brigade from our bivouac near White Oak Church, on the Belle Plain road, with the intention, as I supposed, of crossing the Rappahan- nock. We marched but about one and a half miles when wc were halted, and remained all that day and night, owing to the difficulty and delay in haying the bridges. " That night (11th) the bridges were completed, and at early dawn we moved down to the northern bank of the river, at a point about one and a half miles below Fredericksburg, and near the lower bridges, where we remained while the rest of Gen. Franklin's left graml di- vision were crossing. The morning was very foggy until about noon, and we did not cross until about two p. si., we being about the last. Soon after the crossing was effected (which was without inter- ruption) we were massed, with other troops of the 1st Division, near the residence of Mr. Burnard, when the enemy for the first timeopened upon us from a battery located on the hill opposite, the first shot striking and bursting in the ground in the flank of my regiment, wounding one man. "They threw about twelve or fifteen shot and shell with remark- ably good range while in this position, which resulted in but trifling damage, owing to the fuses in their shell being out either too short or too long. " We soon moved, with the rest of the brigade and division, to a point directly in front of said Burnard's house, and deployed our line and stacked arms. "(ten. Smith's Corps (6th) was deployed on our right, his line running parallel to the river, and fronting southwardly and from the river. The lines of our corps {1st), after the deployment, fronted easterly and down the river, the line running perpendicular to the river, the left resting upon it, and the right joining the left of Gen. Smith's line, and forming a right angle thereto. In this position we lay behind our stacked arms all night. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 109 " The moniing of the 13th was also foggy, hut the fog lifted early, and skirmishing commenced along the line, which grew into a general engagement with artillery and small-arms. " We wore moved in close-massed columns down the river under a heavy artillery fire from the enemy's hatteries, some one and a half miles, when the enemy was found in our front, well posted in pine woods, and protected by natural rifle-pits. *' They were soon dislodged by our artillery, when we advanced with the rest of the division to within about one mile of Massaponi,\ Creek. This position we held all day, amid a most terrible artillery fire. To- wards evening the enemy concentrated a very hot artillery fire upon us, with the evident intention of turning our flank. " The position was maintained, however, although the brigade on our left, the commander of which misunderstood the order, fell back with his command, skirmishers and all, just before dark, whereas his order directed that he should withdraw his brigade a short distance as soon as the darkness would cover his movement from the view of the enemy, but to leave his skirmishers as they were as pickets. This movement being observed by the foe, and supposing they had accom- plished their design, and that we were falling back, they advanced their line so far that their batteries were within thirty or forty rods of our pickets, and poured a perfect shower of grape promiscuously over the j)lain. until about one hour after dark. ''They finally becnme convinced of their error, ceased firing, with- drew their lines, and all was quiet until morning, except an occasional shot between pickets. "On the 14th and 16th we held the same position without inter- ruption, except an occasional round from their artillery and sharp ]iicket firing, which was kept up most of the time, day and night, with great briskness. " The picket lines were so close to our advanced position that many of their shots did execution in our ranks. "On the night of the 15th we were withdrawn to the north side of the Rappahannock about midnight, leaving two companies (G and Bj on the picket lines not informed (except their commanding officers) that we had retired. " Companies G and B were placed on picket at dusk on the evening of the 15th, and by some misunderstanding or inadvertence on the part of the officer left in charge of the picket, were not informed to retire at the proper time and with the rest of the line, and remained about one hour after the rest had left, and at daylight they fell slowly hack, keeping their deployment and stirring up many strag- glers :ind sick, who had sought refuge and resting-place around the hospital buildings, barns, stacks, river-bank, etc., and finally were the last to cross the bridge, it being taken up immediately behind them. " The steadiness and coolness of the otficers and men of my com- mand, with very few exceptions, were highly commendable through- out, especially those of Companies A and F, who were on picket during the night of the 13th, and Company I on the Hth, and Company I) on the night of 14th and during the day of the 15th. " Of the cool and deliberate bravery exhibited by the oflicers of the two companies G and B, under the peculiarly perilous circumstances in which they found themselves, I cannot in justice speak but in terms of especial commendation. " In the action we had engaged one field officer, one acting staff oflicer (adjutant), fourteen line officers, and nine (U) companies, em- bracing 276 enlisted men. " Company C was detached. We took three (3) prisoners. We had three (3) stragglers. " H. C. Hoffman, Colonel Commaudiiitj.'^ On the 17th the 23d moved down near the bank of the river, and went into camp, where it remained until the 20th, when it receiving marching orders, and proceeded to Belle Plain and went into winter quarters. This march closed the active campaign that commenced at Fairfax Court- House, March 10, and ended at Belle Plain, Dec. 20. The regiment remained in camp here during the winter and spring of 1863. April 20 the army moved, and the 23d was assigned to the defenses of Aquia, and was there in the fortifications during the battle of Chaucellorsville. A member of the regiment says, " At the sound of boom- ing cannon and the blaze of battle, which could be distinctly heard and seen, the spirit of the 23d was aroused, and many longed to go and help their noble comrades fight out the battle which all were sanguine must result in a great victory to our arms." The term of enlistment of the 23d having now expired, arrangements were made for the homeward trip, and on the 11th of May the battle-scarred regiment left the sacred soil of old Virginia, and on the evening of the 13th came within view of the " welcome spires and green shade-trees of Elmira." A sad accident occurred while en route near Marysville. Capt. Clark, of Company H, was instantly killed while in the act of climbing on the rear car just as the train was passing under a bridge. His head struck the bridge, and he was knocked ofl' the car, his body falling on the rocks by the .side of the track. When found, a few moments after, life was extinct. Upon the arrival of the regiment in Elmira it formed in line in front of the Delevan House, and an address of wel- come was delivered by Mayor Spaulding, which was briefly responded to by Col. Hoffman, after which they marched to the old barracks of the 23d, where a bounteous repast was prepared by the ladies of Elmira. In the language of the Elmira Advertiser, " It was a magnificent reception and worthy the patriotic people of Elmira, and gladdened the hearts of the men to honor whom the demonstration was made ; but it gladdened far more when they were allowed to throw oif their knapsacks and war-gear and go home to their own firesides, to their fathers and mothers, brothers, sisters, wives, and sweet- hearts. Wednesday, the 13th of May, will be ever green in the memory of the soldiers of the 23d and their friends.'' It was, indeed, a fitting reception of the battle-.searred regiment of the Southern Tier, the first from the Twenty- seventh Congressional District. The following is a list of the killed and missing, and also of those who died from wounds or disease in the 23d : Jeremiah V. Bogart, killed in second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. Ell Decker, died of fever, Dec. 3, 1861. David Farron, killed at Antietam, .Sept. 17, 1862. William March, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., May 25, 1862. John M. Mowers, died of fever. Dee. 31, 1861. Herkimer Shults, died of fever, Dec. 18, 1861. S. Williams, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Christopher Brennan, died at Falmouth, July 4, 1862. Henry Brown, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Thomas Carroll, killed at Ball's Cross-Roads, Aug. 17, 1861. Charles W. Tice, died Aug. 5, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam. Alexander J. Jaynes, died Dec. 15, 1861. Harlow Arms, died March 24, I8G3. David J. Perenc, supposed to have been killed at Rappahannock Station, Aug. 21, 1862. Jerome Gorton, supposed to have been killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Henry E. Gilbert, died Deo. 1, 1862. George C. Ames, died Oct. 7, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Richard B. Hurd, killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Thomas Van Horn, died Dec. 21, 1861. Israel Marquart, died Nov. 18, 1861. James Pease, died Aug. 16, 1861. Edmund Campbell, died in November, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. William Decker, died Dec. 16, 1861. 11(1 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Elias Dodge, died in January, 1863. Hamilton Squires, died Dee. 4, 1861. Henrj C. Cooper, died Dec. 4, 1861. F. B. Tiffany, died Dee. 12, 1861. A. M. Taylor, died Dec. 29, 1861. Samuel W. Kelly, died Jan. la, 186.3, of wounds received at Freder- icksburg, Dec. i:!, 1862. J. F. Bosworth, died Sept. 29, 18G1. J. W. Parmatin, died Oct. 2, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam. R. W. Steele, died Dec. 7, 1S61. ■ L. L. Bacon, died Sept. 6, 1861. J. W. Burke, died of consumption after his discharge, Oct. 1, 1861. A. D. Griffen, died in February, 1862. J. E. B. Ma.\son, died Feb. 17, 1862, of wounds received from acci- dental discharge of a pistol. James Simmons, killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1S62. Olin L. Bennett, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Uriah F. Faurer, died at Fredericksburg, Aug. 7, 1862. Charles Hathaway, died from wounds received at Antietam. C. P. Smith, died Aug. 26, 1801. S. F. Mc(5ee, died Feb. IS, 1802. Charles McOmber, killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 12, 1862. William D. Munagle, drowned in the Rappahannock, May 10, 1862. BATTERY E, FIRST NEW YORK ARTILLERY. Among the organizations that went out from this county near the beginning of the rebellion was Battery E, 1st New York Light Artillery, organized at Bath, in the summer of 1861. The original ofiicers of this battery were Capt. John Siocum, First Lieuts. Charles C. Wheeler and William Rumsey, and Second Lieut. Robert H. Gansevoort. Capt. Siocum resigned soon after the battery reached Washington, but soon re-entered the service in an infantry regiment, and did excellent service. Lieut. Wheeler was promoted to captain and E. H. Undcrhill to second lieutenant. Robert J. Parker, of St. Lawrence County, served as first lieu- tenant in the battery, but was never commissioned. Under Capt. Wheeler the battery served on the Peninsula and down to and through the battle of Antietam. The first gun fired on the Peninsula as the Army of the Poto- mac advanced to Yorktown was fired by this battery. The battery had inscribed on its guidons the names of the following battles in which it won distinction : Yorktown, Lee's Mills, William.sburg, Mechanicsville, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Chancellorsville, Gettys- burg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Bethesda Church, Petersburg. It was finally mustered out of service June 16, 1865. Lieut. Rumsey did not serve with the battery, being ad- jutant of the regiment, and as such served at its head- quarters in the field. At the battle of Fair Oaks he was severely wounded. At the same battle the colonel, G. D. Bailey, was killed, as was also Maj. I). H. Van Valken- burgh, who was a native of Steuben County. Lieut. Rumsey was detached from the regiment in De- cember, 1862, and ordered to duty with Geu. W. W. Averill, who was also a native of this county. He served with Gen. Averill as his adjutant-general in the Army of the Poto- mac, and in West Virginia in the numerous engagements and raids in which that gallant officer was engaged. Lieut. Rumsey was promoted to major and assistant ad- jutant-general by President Lincoln, for gallant service at the engagement at Mooresfield, in which Gen. Averill with thirteen hundred men surprised and routed Gen. McCaus- lin with three thousand five hundred. In this engagement Averill killed, wounded, and captured more of the enemy than there were men in his own command. Maj. Rumsey was promoted by President Johnson to be brevet lieutenant-colonel for " distinguished services during the campaign of May, June, and July, 1864," and was afterwards promoted to brevet colonel by Governor Fenton. Lieut. Underbill was with the battery during all of its service. He was noted for reckless daring to an extent re- markable even among daring soldiers. When the battery was mustered out of service he commanded it as captain. Capt. Wheeler was not a native of Steuben County, but was living in the county when the war broke out, and entered the service in this battery. He was an excellent soldier, and under his command the battery won great distinction. THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. This regiment was organized at Albany, N. Y., to serve two years. The companies of which it was composed were raised in the counties of Albany, Clinton, Essex, Herkimer, and Steuben. It was mustered into the service of the United States June 15, 1861, and mustered out at the ex- piration of its term of service, June 30, 1863. It was en- gaged in the battles of Fair Oaks, Glcndale, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. Companies I and E of this regiment were from Steuben County. Company I was raised in Urbana and Pulteney, and organized at Hammondsport. William H. King, Cap- tain ; Alfred T. Atwood, First Lieutenant ; Monroe Brun- dage. Second Lieutenant ; Sergeants, Henry C. Lyon, John Finnegan, Lemuel C. Benham, Oren Emmitt, Eugene B. Larrowe; Corporals, James C. Harrington, Llewlyn McCabe, George W. Williams, and A. C. Brundage. Company E was raised at Addison and immediate vi- cinity. Henry Baldwin, Captain ; James R. Carr, First Lieutenant; Edwin F. Smith and Henry W. Sanford, Second Lieutenants. Edwin F. Smith was promoted to first lieutenant Dec. 23, 1861. Henry W. Sanford was promoted to first lieutenant April 12, 1862. George W. Wildrich, of Woodhull, promoted to second lieutenant Dec. 23, 1861; resigned April 10, 1862. Capt. Wil- liam H. King, Company I, breveted lieutenant-colonel United States Volunteers. Monroe Brundage promoted to captain Feb. 10, 1863. (See biography of Captain Brun- dage in History of Bath.) CHAPTER XXIV. MILITAEY HISTOEY— (Continued). Steuben in the War of the Rebellion (Continued)— The Eighty-Si.vth Regiment. The 86th New York Volunteers (Steuben Rangers) was organized in the summer and fall of 1861, in Elmira, N. Y., by Col. B. P. Bailey, and was composed of eight com- panies from Steuben County, one from Chemung, and one from Onondaga. The following is the roster of the field, line, and staff on the departure from that place : Phuto. by Evans, Corning. General Jacob H. Lansing was born in the city of Albany, N. Y., March 9, 1824. His paternal ancestor came to this country from Holland about the year 1620, with the Van Rensselaers and many other prominent families who became the first settlers in the vicinity of Albany. His great-grandfathers, on both sides, were officers in the war for independence, and his grandfather, Jacob Lansing, was a captain in the State troops in the war of 1812. His father, James Lansing, was a merchant, lived most of his life in Albany, and died at the residence of his son in Corning, in 1869, aged seventy. His mother, Sarah McMurrey, died in Albany in 1828, at the age of about twenty-seven. Their children were two sons, the youngest, Charles Pjdward, dying while young. Mr. Lansing apprenticed himself to learn the watch-making trade at the age of fif- teen, serving out a term of six years. LTpon reaching his majority he for two years worked as journeyman, and in the year 1847 went to Rochester, and soon after to Syracuse, and in 1848, in March, settled in Cor- ning, and established business for himself, which he con- tinued until 1858. From that time until the beginning of the Rebellion he carried on business for William Walker, of Corning. In August, 1861, he volunteered in the service of his country as a private of Company C, and upon the organi- zation of the 86th Regiment New York Volunteers, Col. T?. V. Bailey commanding, was elected captain of his com- ))any, with rank from August, 1861. After and including tlie battle of .second Bull Run the regiment was attached to the 2d and 3d Corps of the Army of the Potomac, where it remained until the close of the war. While with the 2d Corps, the old 3d Corps proper was known as " Birney's Division of the 2d Corps." After the battle of Chancellorsville, on account of the loss of superior officers, and for meritorious services, Capt. Lan- sing was promoted to major. May 3, 1863; and after the battle of Gettysburg he was made lieutenant-colonel, with commission dated June 12, 1863. In April, 1864, at Brandy Station, he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and commissioned June 25, 1864. Colonel Lansing re- mained in the service until November, 1864, and was dis- charged on account of wounds and disabilities, upon his own application, in front of Petersburg, Nov. 13, 1864, and came home and was not connected with the service any more du- ring the war of the Rebellion. In 1866 he was made briga- dier-general N. G. S. N. Y., commanding 20th Brigade, com- prising the counties of Steuben, Chemung, and Schuyler. He remained in command until 1877, when the brigade was dis- banded, under orders from general headquarters at Albany. On his arrival in Corning in 1865 he started the jewelry business on Blarket Street, which he still continues. Gen- eral Lansing has ever been a member of the Democratic party, and was always interested in the growth and prosper- ity of the village of Corning. In 1858 and 1859 he was president of the village of Corning ; was one of the orig- inators of the fire department in 1851, and for many years connected with the same officially. He is P. M. of Painted Post Lodge, No. 117, F. and A. M. In 1847, Oct. 26, he married Sarah A., daughter of William H. Oliver, of Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y. They have an only daughter, Mrs. Alexander L. Ewing, of Elmira, N. Y. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Ill Field and Staff. — -Colonel, Benajah P. Bailoy, Corning ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Barna J. Cliapin, Daiisville; Major, Seymour G. Rhinevault, Wooilhull ; Adjutant, Charles W. Gillet, Addison; Regimental Quartermaster, Byron Spence, Starkey ; Surgeon, John S. Jameson, Hornellsvillc ; Assist- ant Surgeon, Farand Wylie, Bath ; Chaplain, Jonathan Watts, Corning ; Sergeant-Major, Henry W. Fuller, Corn- ing; Regimental Qujrtermaster-Sergeant, Samuel Leavitt, Elmira ; Regimental Commissary-Sergeant, George P. Baker, Corning; Hospital Steward, William Sayer. Band. — Horatio G. K. Anderson (leader), John J. Bowen, Reuben E. Stetson, Geo. E. Gray, Mortimore W. Rose, Isaac L. Kress, Walter W. Slingcrland, John M. Tenny, James A. Wilkie, Geo. Bridgden, William G. Wright, Estes T. Sturtevant, Geo. J. Benjamin, Rankin B. Rose. C'linpaiii/ A, Syracuse. — Captain, Benjamin L. Higgins ; First Lieutenant, William H. Gault ; Second Lieutenant, Prentice Holmes; and eighty-three non-commissioned officers and privates. Company B, Addison. — Captain, William B. Angle; First Lieutenant, Charles W. Gillet (promoted to adjutant by order of Col. Bailey); Second Lieutenant, Hiram J. niaiicliard ; and ninety-five non-commissioned officers and privates. Company C, Corning. — Captain, Jacob H. Lansing; First Lieutenant, Leonard Scott ; Second Lieutenant, Jo- seph H. Tull, Penn.sylvania ; and ninety-two non-commis- sioned officers and privates. Company D, Hornellsville. — Captain, Daniel S. Ells- worth ; First Lieutenant, Arthur S. Baker ; Second Lieu- tenant, Leini H. Crary; and eighty-nine non-commissioned officers and privates. Company E, Elmira. — Captain, Thomas F. Shoemaker; First Lieutenant, John G. Coply; Second Lieutenant, Geo. A. Packer ; and ninety-five non-commissioned officers and privates. Company F, Llndley. — Captain, Henry G. Harrower, Lindley ; First Lieutenant, Samuel Maurice Slorgan, Lind- ley ; Second Lieutenant, Michael B. Stafford, Albany ; and ninety-one non-commissioned officers and privates. Company G, Canisteo. — Captain, James Bennett, Can- isteo; First Lieutenant, Nathan S. Baker, Canisteo; Second Lieutenant, John Fulton, Canisteo ; and eighty-four non- commissioned officers and privates. Company H, Steuben County. — Captain, William Ten- broeck ; First Lieutenant, Wm. G. Raymond ; Second Lieutenant, James Carpenter, Jr. ; and ninety-five non- commissioned officers and privates. Company I, Cooper's Plains, Steuben Co. — Captain, Amos W. Sherwood, Cooper's Plains; First Lieutenant, Jackson A. Woodward, Cooper's Plains; Second Lieuten- ant, Foster P. Wood, Addison ; and eighty non-commis- sioned officers and privates. Company K, Woodhull, Steuben Co. — Captain, Seymour G. Rhinevault, Woodhull ; promoted to major Nov. 22, 18GI ; First Lieutenant, Chas. H. Wombongh, Addison ; promoted to captain Nov. 22, 1861 ; Second Lieutenant, John N. Warner, Woodhull ; and ninety-six non-commis- sioned officers and privates. The regiment had a number of recruits before leaving Elmira, which took place about the 1st of December, 1861, going by the way of Williamsport and Baltimore, arriving at the latter place late in the afternoon. Marching through the city from depot to depot by company front, with guns loaded and bayonets fixed, they reached Washington early next morning. Camped first on Kendall Green, thence moved to Bladensburg, remained there about one week, and then crossed the eastern branch of the Potomac, and pitched camp on Good Hope Hill, Md. The regiment re- mained at this place most of the time until March, 1862. Once during that time having received orders to join the Army of the Potomac at Camp Griffin, Va., the regiment remained there about two weeks. About the 1st of March it was broken into detachments, and did guard duty in and around Washington : Capt. Higgins with two companies at Old Capitol prison, Capt. Lansing with three companies at Georgetown, Capt. VVombough with one company on Nineteenth Street, Cajrt. Sherwood with one company at the Central Guard- House, Capt. Bennett with one company at the Long Bridge, and Lieut. Stafford with a detachment at the Seventh Street wharf. The field officers did duty as officers of the day for the district. During this time there was a change in the line and staff of the regiment. Quartermaster Spence resigned, and D. F. Brown, who had been commissioned by Governor E. D. Morgan first lieu- tenant in the 86th Regiment, Aug. 10, 1862, was appointed quartermaster in his place. Lieut. Morgan, of Company F, was detached from his company and placed on the staff of Gen. Robinson. Lieuts. John G. Copley and Arthur S. Baker were detailed for duty in the provost-marshal's office at Washington by order of Col. Doster, provost-marshal for the District of Columbia. Capt. Bennett, of Company G, died while on duty here. The regimental band was also mustered out of service here by orders from headquarters of the army. The regiment remained in Washington until the 23d day of August, when it joined the Army of the Potomac, under Gen. Pope. It reached Alexandria the same day and moved to Cloud's Mills, and was placed in the brigade of Brig.-Gen. A. Saunders Piatt, Gen. Sturges command- ing division, and from that time moved with the army of Gen. Pope, arriving on the battle-field of Bull Run on the afternoon of the 29th, where it was immediately formed for a charge by Gen. McDowell in person. The regiment made a gallant charge, led by Col. Bailey, losing many men and one officer. Lieut. Joseph H. Tull, of Company C, was badly wounded, and remained on the field six days, when he was brought to Washington, and was under medi- cal treatment for over eight months. He was finally dis- charged, and is now living in that city. This was the regi- ment's first experience in battle, and it gave them a name for a fighting regiment which they nobly sustained during the war. After the battle it fell back to Centreville. and participated in all the skirmishing that took place on that retreat. It was in reserve on the march, and during the battle of Antietaiu under Gen. McClellan. It moved witii the army after the retreating enemy until they reached Manassas Junction, when, by orders of Gen. McClellan, Piatt's Brigade, consisting of the 86th and 124th New 112 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUxVTY, NEW YORK. York Volunteers and the 122d Pennsylvania Volunteers, were sent up and through Manassas Gap to support the cavalry under Gen. W. W. Averill. They met the enemy and drove them through Front Royal, joining the army after an absence of two days, and finding that Gen. Mc- Clellan had been relieved by Gen. Burnside. The regi- ment participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, and then moved to Falmouth, on the opposite side of the river, going into winter quarters. Nothing transpired while here, with the exception of the Burnside mud march, until Gen. Hooker's move on Chancellorsville. The regiment was now and had been connected with the old 3d Army Corps since the battle of Bull Run, and had been most of the time commanded by Lieut.-Col. Chapin, Col. Bailey being disqualified for duty on account of age and the exposure incident to the Bull Run campaign. About this time Major Rhinevault resigned, and Capt. Higgins, of Company A, was commissioned major. The brigade consisted of the 86th and 124th New York and the 122d Pennsylvania, under Gen. A. S. Piatt. The division was commanded by Gen. Whipple, and the corps by Gen. Sioklas. On the 28th of April, 1863, marching orders were re- ceived, and the regiment bade adieu to their four months' winter quarters, moving in an easterly direction until mid- night, when it bivouacked near Belle Plain, on the Rappa- hannock, the men in heavy marching order, with eighty rounds of ammunition. April 30 countermarched past their old quarters, and reached the United States Ford on the morning of May 1, crossing the pontoons laid there for that purpose. After cro.ssing they soon struck tiie enemy. Those acquainted with the hi.story of the battle of Chancel- lorsville know that the 3d Corps did most of the fighting. The 86tli came in for their full .share, as the list of casual- ties given in the correspondence appended to this chapter will show. On Saturday afternoon, when the 11th Corps broke, the 3d was sent to their assi.stance, and stayed the rout. Sun- day is one of the days ever to be remembered by those who now survive, and were with the regiment on that day. At first placed in support of batteries, a short time after the whole division made a charge to the right of the Chan- cellor Hou.se, the SlJth on the left of the line, next the plank-road — and such a charge ! — the 86th losing fully one- third of their men, most of whom were left on the field when the regiment retired. The lo.ss of oflicers was very large. Lieut.-Col. Chapin was killed and carried from the field; Major Higgins was badly wounded; Acting Adj. Stafford wounded in the hip ; Capt. Angle, of Co. B, and Capt. Ellsworth, of Co. D, killed (the last two named ofli- cers were carried into the Chancellor House, and are sup- posed to have been burned with the building); Lieut. Woodward, of Co. I, was fiitally wounded, and several others slightly. After the charge the regiment was put to work building rifle-pits for their own protection, Capt. Lansing in command as senior officer. On Monday Gen. Whipple, division commander, was fatally wounded. On Tuesday the regiment recrossed the river, and were soon at their old quarters at Falmouth, and remained there until the 6th of June, 1863, when an order was received for the 86th and the 121th to accompany a large body of cavalry on a secret expedition. They started that day in a heavy rain, in light marching order, with five days' rations. Major Lansing in command, he having been promoted since the battle of Chancellorsville. The regiment arrived at Beverly Ford, on the Rappahannock, on the evening of the 8th, and bivouacked for the night. Early the next morning they waded the river, the water reaching the waists of the men ; they were hurried forward, and soon struck the enemy in a thick wood, a short distance from the ford. They drove the enemy through and from the wood, the latter charging several times to retake it without success. Late in the day the regiment advanced within eight miles of Brandy Sta- tion, and then retired to the position they occupied in the morning. This was mostly a cavalry fight, the infantry acting as support. The 86th suffered to the extent of thirteen killed and wounded ; the enemy's loss must have been greater. Many were left within our lines, among them a major and a lieutenant. The regiment expected to be ordered back to Falmouth, but instead was placed on duty guarding the fords and Rappahannock Bridge, until the advance brigade of the Army of the Potomac joined them on the 12th. Whipple's Division having ceased to exi.st, on account of the terrible loss it sustained at Chancellorsville, and the muster-out of several regiments immediately after, the 86th and 124th New York Volunteers, together with Ber- dan's Sharpshooters, were attached to the brigade of Gen. J. H. Hobart Ward, in Birney's Division of the 3d Army Corps. At this place Lieut.-Col. Higgins returned and assumed command of the 86th Regiment. On the morning of the 14th the 3d Corps started from Bealton Station, hurrying back towards Washington, and bivouacked for the night at Catlett's Station. They moved the next morning, passing through Bristoe Station and Manassas Junction. This was a terrible march, on account of the heat. Very many were sun-struck. They reached the old Bull Run battle-field on the 16th, continued the march on the 17th, and camped at Gum Springs on the night of the 19th. This was a very dark night, so dark that a person could not possibly see an object two feet from him; and the only way to get the different regiments into position was by sound. They moved again on the 23d, crossed the Potomac, on pontoons, at Edwards' Ferry, reached Emmettsburg on the evening of the 30th, passing Poolesville, Middletown, and Frederick City. At this place orders were received informing the command that Gen. Hooker had been relieved, and Gen. George G. Meade, of the 5th Corps, placed in command of the Army of the Potomac. On the 1st of July moved through Emmettsburg, march- ing at quick time for Gettysburg; could hear firing in that direction, and felt sure the battle had commenced. For- ward was the cry, and on they pushed. They slept that night on the field, with guns beside them. The next morning Gen. Ward led his brigade to the position assigned it. The 86th numbered about three hundred rank and file, and was placed on the right of the 124th, near Little Round Top, in a piece of wood, with the 20th Indiana on its right. Early in the afternoon the rebel artillery opened a furious cannonade upon our lines, and about three o'clock HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 113 the iiifiintry advanced to the attack. Gen. Longstreet's Corps was hurled against the old 3d Corps in four lines, while the 3d had but one. Ward's Brigade stood firm, and drove the enemy back, one line after the other. Almost the first man wounded in the 86th was Col. Higgins, and he was sent from the field, leaving Maj. Lansing again in command. The loss to the regiment here was terrible. Capt. John Warner, of Company K, fell, and several other officers were wounded and taken prisoners. Among the latter was Lieut. Seeley, of Company K, acting adjutant. The loss to the rank and file was severe. It was almost dark when the lines at the right and lefb gave way, and orders were received for the SUth to retire. They did so in line of battle, and were highly complimented by Gen. Ward, in presence of the whole division, for their gallant conduct on that occasion. Gen. Sickles having been wounded. Gen. Birney took command of tlie corps. Gen. Ward of the di- vision, and Col. Berdan of the brigade. On the next morning the SClh was placed farther to the right in the lines, and near where Gen. I'ickett made his charge that day, but was not called on to do any work. On the morning of the -ith it was observed that the enemy's vedettes had disappeared i'rom our front. That night a heavy rain set iu, and on the morning of the 5th the regiment assisted in burying the dead. The regiment moved forward on the 6th, with the army in pursuit of the enemy, and reached Mechanicstown on the 7tli. It passed through Frederick City on the 8th, and on the 'Jth changed direction and moved down the Hagerstown road, through Middletown, and over South Mountain. On the 10th reached Millport, and on the 11th rested for the night near Roxbury Mill, in line of battle. On the 14th heard that the enemy had crossed the Potomac with all his transportation and stores. On the 17th crossed the Poto- mac at Harper's Ferry, and passed the night at Hills- borough. On the 20th reached Upperville. Gen. French was now in command of the 3d Corps. On the 22d reached Manassas Gap. On the 23d moved up the Gap, Ward's Brigade in advance. Struck the enemy near Front Royal, and, after severe fighting, sent them double-quick to the other side of the mountain. On the 24th retraced our steps through the Gap, and on the 26th reached War- renton. This ended the campaign of Gettysburg. It will be seen by this that on the 6th of June the 86th Regiment left Falmouth in light marching order, with five days' rations, expecting to return by that time, but, instead, they were fifty-four days without a change of clothing ex- cept such as they had with them, — a thing not very con- ducive to cleanliness or health. Here Col. Higgins again took command, and Maj. Lan- sing was ordered to Elmira, N. Y., with two officers and six sergeants, on recruiting service. On the last day of July, 1863, the brigade moved to Sulphur Springs and pitched camp, doing picket duty and drilling until the 15th day of September. On the 16th crossed the Rappahannock at Freedman's Ford. On the 17th camped near Culpepper. On the 8th of October the whole division was iu line, and soon was on its way back to Centreviile, reaching that place on the 14th. On the I'Jtli moved southward again. On the 30th camped at 15 Bealton Station, and remained there until the 7th of No- vember. On that day the 3d Corps moved to Kelly's Ford, on the Rappahannock, in full sight of the enemy, and, under a galling fire, obtained full possession of the ford, capturing a large number of prisoners. On the 8th advanced as far as Brandy Station, crossed the Rapidan on the 26th, at Jacob's Ford, and on the 27th (Ward's Brigade being in reserve) struck the rebels about six o'clock A.M. About sundown the 86th and 124th New York Volunteers were called upon, as the 17th Maine had just been driven. The two regiments sprang quickly for- ward and occupied the space vacated by the 17th Maine, and checked the enemy, although their batteries rained a shower of shell upon them, and the infantry endeavored to drive them back. The lo-ss of the 86th was severe, four being killed and thirty-two wounded, Col. Higgins among the latter. That night the enemy retired from the field. On the 29th advanced to near Mine Run, and found the enemy heavily intrenched. The picket line crossed the run during the night, and an assault was ordered, but finally counter- manded. They were then ordered to retrace their steps, which was done, crossing the Rapidan at Culpepper Mine Ford, being pressed hard by the rebel cavalry. The army moved to near Brandy Station, and went into winter quarters. At this point Lieut.-Col. Lansing and party again joined their regiment. The loss of the regiment up to this time had been very severe ; there was hardly a company that had the same officers that started with them, and some of them none. Company A had none; Company B one; Company C none; Company D one. on detached service ; Company B two, one of whom was detached ; Company F one ; Company G one ; Company H none ; Company I one ; Company K none. In the field and staff it was the same. B. L. Higgins, now colonel, badly wounded and in the hospital. He was mustered out. J. H. Lansing was lieutenant-colonel ; M. B. Stafford was major (formerly lieutenant of Company F) ; James Cherry was adjutant (formerly sergeant of Co. I); D. F. Brown was quartermaster. Company A was commanded by Capt. Jerry Ryan, promoted from the ranks ; Company B, by Lieut. Booth, promoted from the ranks ; Company C, by Capt. Robert Barton, promoted from .sergeant ; Company D, by Lieut. N. H. Vincent, promoted from sergeant ; Company E, by Lieut. Geo. A. Packer, original ; Company F, by Capt. H. G. Harrower, original ; Company G, by Capt. N. S. Baker, promoted from lieutenant; Company H, by Lieut. Stone, promoted from private ; Company I, by Capt. Foster P. Wood, promoted from second lieutenant ; Company K, by Capt. John Finney, promoted from the ranks. The companies averaged from ten to forty non-commis- sioned officers and privates, the whole regiment numbering less than three hundred for duty ; although many more were carried on the rolls, such, as the sick and wounded in ho-spitals, and tho.sc on detached service. During the month of December, 1863, an order was issued from Washington, that if those soldiers who had enlisted for three years and whose term of service had about ex- 114 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. pired, would re-enlist for the war as veteran volunteers, they should receive their bounty and be permitted to re- turn to their homes in a body with a furlough of thirty days. Nearly all (two hundred and forty-five) of the non- commissioned officers and privates of the 86tli re-enlisted and returned to Elmira, N. Y., where tliey were furloughed for thirty days. At the expiration of their furlough they joined their bri- gade at Brandy Station. While at Elmira, Capt. L. Todd, of Corning, who had served two years in the 23d New York Volunteers, was commissioned a captain in the 86th, as- signed to duty as captain of Company B, and returned with the resriment to the field. Several of the non-commissioned officers were also commissioned, but we are unable to give their names. The regiment remained at Brandy Station until May 4, 1864, doing the usual picket duty, drilling, and making an occasional demonstration towards the enemy. During the month of April, the old 3d Corps was broken up, and the divisions that Gen. French brought into it after the battle of Gettysburg were assigned to tlie 6th Corps, and the old 3d Corps proper was assigned to the 2d Corps, to be known as Birney's Division of the 2d Corps, retaining and wearing the od Corps badge. ]<]arly in march U. S. Grant was made lieutenant-general, with conimand of all the armies of the United States, and made his heiidquarters with the Army of the Potomac. On the 1st and 2d days of May, 1864, the regiment was inspected, and on the 4th six days' rations and fifty rounds of ammunition were issued to each man, and Gen. George G. Meade's address read to them. At this time the regi- ment numbered three hundred rank and file, some having re- turned from the hospitals. At eleven o'clock P..M. the army moved towards the llapidan, the 2d Corps crossing on pon- toons at Ely's Ford, and bivouacking near the old battle- field of Chancellorsville, moved at five a.m. on the 5th. Ward's brigade reached Todd's Tavern about nine a.m., when they countermarched towards the Wilderness Tavern. The battle had commenced, and the 86th was soon in the hottest of it, — from about two o'clock p.m. until darkness put a stop to further manoeuvres. The firing was terrible, both from musketry and artillery. The woods were so thick that it was impossible to see the rebel lines. About eight o'clock p.m. both armies ceased firing and lay down to take a few hours' rest. The 86th suffered no loss in killed, but several were wounded. At five o'clock the next morning the army was again in motion, pushing the enemy slowly ; but it was hot work, and quite a number of the 86th fell killed or wounded. The rebels continued to give ground until about eleven a.m., when they turned and nearly overwhelmed the entire corps, and sent it flying back towards the rear. This was a fearful time. The men were so demoralized that it was utterly impossible for the officers to rally them, until they reached the rifle-pits that had been constructed during the morning. The corps was re-formed behind these works, and rested, cooking coffee, and eating, for the first time that day. About three o'clock p.m. the Confederates advanced again. The 86th were in the front line of works, and were obliged to retire with the rest to the second line. The rebels took possession of the first line, but they were soon forced to fall back, leaving their dead and wounded behind them. The 2d Corps returned to the first line, and remained there all that night and part of the next day. About daylight on the 8th the 86th got their hard-tack and coffee, and about eight A.M. moved to Todd's Tavern, and there 'formed in line of battle through the woods. They were attacked by the rebels, but repulsed them without much trouble. On the 9th moved to and crossed the Po River, meeting with but little resistance. On the 10th re-crossed the Po, after a hard day's work. Ward's Brigade was massed in column of regiments, four paces apart, at the base of a thickly-wooded hill, with the 86th on the right. Troops were going into position on the right and left of the bri- gade. After the formation news came to the regimental commanders of the brigade, that they should see personally that every man's gun was uncapped and bayonets fixed in their command, and that at a given signal they should ad- vance, double-quick, with a yell. There were eight regi- ments in the brigade, and the formation was as follows : 86th New York Volunteers, 124th New York, 3d Maine, 99th Pennsylvania, 141st Pennsylvania, 20th Indiana, 110th Pennsylvania, and 40th New York Volunteers; and so close and compact that the field-officers were obliged to take position on the flanks of their commands. At the signal given the brigade started at a rapid pace. The picket line of the rebels was soon reached, they giving warning of the approach. Presently they came to the opening, and such a sight ! In front a massive line of works, while between that and the column the ground was strewn with timber. The cry was forward, and the 86th, moving on amidst shot and shell, reached the work. They had nothing but the bay- onet, and were unable to remain long, as their support could not reach them. The order for retreat was given, and those that remained went to the wood for cover as quickly as pos- sible. The 86th went into that charge more than two hun- dred strong. They left in and around the works of the enemy one hundred and sixteen men, besides several offi- cers, and at roll-call next morning but eighty-four answered to their names. This was the heaviest loss that the regi- ment ever sustained. They now numbered less than a company, for duty, and when paraded the companies num- bered some two rank and file, with possibly one officer. The regiment returned to their position in the lines, remaining there until late in the afternoon of the 11th, when the 2d Corps was moved to the right of the rebel lines, to a place known as the Brown House. The strictest silence was ordered. Arrived there about two o'clock A.M. ; formed in two lines, the 86th being in the first ; the command was al- lowed to rest without breaking their formation. At about five o'clock A.M. the order to advance was given in a low tone. The line sprang forward, and moved as quickly as the nature of the ground would admit. They soon struck the rebel pickets, who fired and fled, and were pursued so closely that many were captured before they could reach the works. The storming column went over the works, cap- turing Gen. Johnson, and nearly his whole division, with all their artillery. The rebels made several attempts to retake the works, but failed, with heavy loss. The fighting here was terrible all the 12th and a part of the 13th, and HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 115 the casualties were large. The 86th suffered severely. At this point Gen. Ward was relieved from command of the brigade, and Col. Eagan, of the 40th New York, as senior colonel, assumed command. On the 14th Birney's entire division was withdrawn a short distance to the rear, and commenced throwing up a new line of works. This movement was observed by the enemy, who sent forward a small force to occupy the aban- doned works, when the 86th and 124th were directed to advance and drive them out. Hastily forming, they dashed forward, under the command of Col. Lansing, and speedily drove them out and recaptured the works. At this place, on the ISth, a shell from the rebels struck among the 86th, injuring four of its number ; among them Capt. Todd of Company B, who was supposed to be mortally wounded and sent to the rear, but who recovered and joined his com- pany, serving until the final muster-out. Early on the 19th, Eagan's Brigade moved about a mile to the rear, and there rested until about five o'clock p.m. ; this was the first rest the 86th had been allowed since the opening of the campaign, having been under fire constantly. About this time heavy firing was heard in the direction of the Fred- ericksburg road, and shortly a mounted orderly dashed up to brigade headquarters, and the next moment the assembly was sounded. Leaving tents standing and knapsacks strewn about, the brigade started double-quick for the scene of action. It proved to be an attack of Ewell on our wagon- train, and aheavyfighton thepart of Tylerto protect thesame. Tyler's troops were exhausted, and when Eagan's Brigade readied the scene they moved quickly over Tyler's troops and dashed after the flying rebels, whom they followed until darkness put an end to the chase. The brigade then re- traced their steps, bringing with them a large number of prisoners, and the brigade bivouacked that night near where they struck the enemy, and at daylight on the 20th re- turned to the place they had left the day before. On the 22d moved forward, crossed the Mattapony, and rested for the night. On the 23d reached the North Anna, near the Chesterfield Bridge ; here found the enemy strongly intrenched. At the bridge they had two redoubts heavily manned. About five o'clock p.m. the order was given to make an assault. The 86th and 124th New York, to tlie left of the road leading to the bridge, were but a few moments crossing the flats, leaving many of their number dead and wounded along the route. Just before reaching the works the enemy became satisfied that they could not hold them, hurried their guns over the bridge, and hastily fled, leaving quite a number of prisoners in our hands. The next morning cros.sed the bridge under a heavy fire. After crossing, the 86th and 124th were deployed as skir- mishers, and advanced, driving the rebel skirmishers for about one mile. Col. Lansing was badly wounded in the left fore-arm by a sharpshooter and left the field, Maj. Stafford, of the 86th, assuming command. That night the regiments were withdrawn, and recrossed to the north side of the river. On the 28th crossed the Pamunkey at Nel- son's Ford and erected a line of works near the river, after which attacked the enemy and drove them into their main line. The picket lines were but a few rods apart, and kept up a deadly fire. More dreaded than all were the sharp- shooters, who kept picking off officers and men, and although no general engagement took place, many were added to the death-roll. On the night of June 1, the 2d Corps started for Cold Harbor, and in the assault at that place the 86th were in reserve. After operations were suspended, they were set to work with the pick and shovel, and continued at this labor most of the time until the 12th, when they moved, and on the morning of the 14th reached Wilcox's Land- ing, and were transferred by steamboats to the south side of the James River. On the morning of the 15th the advance was resumed towards Petersburg. On the 16th Eagan's Brigade made an assault, but were unsuccessful. Here Col. Eagan, commanding the brigade, was severely wounded, and Col. Madill, of the 141st Pennsylvania, took command. On the 18th a general assault was ordered, — but for some reason deferred until later in the day, when the assault was made, — but the troops were repulsed with considerable loss (since the crossing of the James the loss of the S6th had been heavy, both in officers and men). That night was spent in throwing up works within short range of the enemy. On the 20th the brigade was relieved, and on the 21st moved to and took position on the left of the Jerusalem Plank-Road. On the 22d had a skirmish with the rebels. The 86th had an addition to their number here; the veterans of the 70th Regiment New York Vol- unteers, one hundred and thirty in all, were transferred to the 86th; they now numbered about two hundred and forty for duty. From this time until the 26th of July the regi- ment was kept busy building rifle-pits, and moving from one part of the works to another, almo.st con.stantly under fire. On that day Hancock's command was ordered to pro- ceed to Deep Bottom as a diversion in favor of the Burn- side mine explosion, and returned to the lines near Peters- burg on the night of the 28th. The mine explosion took place on the night of the 29th or the morning of the 30th, and ended in a failure, with heavy loss. An official report of the losses of this brigade from May 4 to July 31, 1864, states the killed, wounded, and mis.sing at one hundred and twenty-six officers and two thousand five hundred and forty-three men. About the 1st of August, Col. Lan.sing returned and took command, and on the 12ih Hancock's Corps moved to City Point and bivouacked for the night, and on the 13th embarked on board steamboats, and remained until mid- night, when at a signal they steamed up the James, reaching Deep Bottom about four o'clock a.m., and disembarked. Gen. Mott was now in command of the division, and Gen. De Trobriund of this brigade, almost immediately struck the enemy. The 86th was ordered to the front as skirmishers, and remained on the line during the engage- ment, which was severe; the loss of the 86th was light. On the 18th Hancock's command was again on its way towards Petersburg, reaching there on the 19th. The 86th was placed in the front line of works, to the right of the Jerusalem Plank-Road, and remained there and in Forts Michael and Scott for about two weeks, constantly under fire, when the regiment was moved into Fort Sedgwick (called by the boys Fort Hell), on the plank-road running into Petersburg, and at a point where the lines were but a 116 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. short distance apart. The picket line at one point in front of the works was only fifteen paces from the rebel line, and the rebel fort opposite (Fort Mahone) about twelve hundred yards. The fort was a very large inclosed work, containing three regiments, — the 73d and 86th New York and the 99th Pennsylvania, — two batteries of guns, and twelve mortars. The scenes here at times were terrific ; no one dared to remain within their bomb-proofs, as they would not resist a shell ; the firing was liable to be opened at any moment, generally occurring about twice in twenty-four hours, often lasting two or three hours at a time, sometimes calling the men out two or three times during the night ; at such times a person could count from ten to thirty shells in the air, all pointed for these works, and it was of daily occurrence that from one to ten would be killed. In these night at- tacks the pickets in front of the works would have a hard time, and were obliged to lie as flat to the ground as possi- ble ; if a man raised his head on either side a score of bul- lets were fired at it. At this place the pickets could only be relieved after nightfall, and were frequently obliged to crawl back and forth on their hands and kt)ees On the la.st of September the regiment was relieved, and moved to the extreme left of the line, where they were set to work cutting roads through a strip of woods and building a re- doubt, returning after an absence of three days to their old quarters. The regiment remained there until the 24th, when it moved with the corps, reaching the Weldon road on the evening of the 26th. On the morning of the 27th cros.sed Hatcher's Run, and soon struck the enemy. Gen. De Trobriand's Brigade was now on the extreme left ; the 73d and 86th, with the 124th Now York, were advanced as skirmishers about half a mile, remaining there all day, covering the front and flank of the brigade. The skirmish- line was formed in a dense wood, excepting to the right, where the 124th New York was posted. The rebels had a battery placed opposite this point, and after a lurious cannon- ade they advanced for a charge, but were repulsed by the skirmish-line, assisted by the 2d U. S. Sharpshooters. The movement on the part of the Union forces having failed to accomplish the purpose intended, the order to retire was given, and about ten o'clock P.M. the brigade was marched back to the Vaughan road, and there bivouacked until noon the next day, when the march was resumed, and that even- ing the regiment was again in its old (|uarters. The loss on the skirmish-lines that day was three ofiicers and about thirty men. The regiment remained here (Fort Sedgwick) until No- vember 29. On the 13th of November Col. Lansing was discharged, on his own application, and Maj. Stafford was mustered in as lieutenant-colonel commanding. On the afternoon of the 29th orders were received to pack up and be in readiness to move. About sundown a division of the 9th Corps came marching up to relieve the troops in the front line. The rebels, seeing the movement, opened a furious cannonade, during which Lieut.-Col. Stafford was mortally wounded, dying within a few hours. This was a serious loss to the regiment, as he was a good soldier and a gallant officer. Starting with the regiment in 1861 as a second lieutenant of Company F, and rising by merit to the command of the regiment a.s lieutenant-colonel, he was beloved, honored, and respected by all in the command. In the evening the regiment was quietly withdrawn, — now in command of Maj. Nathan A. Vincent, formerly a private of Company D, — and on the 30th marched about six miles, and shortly after started on what is known as the Weldon raid. Returning to near Petersburg, went into winter quar- ters, and remained there until the 4th day of February, 1865, doing the usual picket duty, and making thorough preparations for the spring campaign. On that day re- ceived orders to prepare for a march. On the 5th they marched to and encountered the enemy near Hatcher's Run. The brigade forded the run in battle line, pushing the rebel pickets about one mile, but were brought to a halt by the rebels, posted behind their main line of works. They were immediately set to building works for protection. On the t)th the brigade was relieved by a portion of the 5th Corps. That night learned that the new lino had been permanently extended across the run. On the 9th was moved about one mile to the right, and assigned position in the new line ; remained here until the final advance, March 28, 1865, participating in all the engagements until the surrender of Gen. Lee, April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court-Hou.se. After the surrender started homeward bound. At Burkesville Junction, on the 14th, heard of the assas- sination of President Lincoln ; moved through Richmond and Fredericksburg, reaching Washington about the middle of May, and camped near Fairfax Seminary ; participated in the grand review in Washington City. On the 29th day of May, 1865, Lieut. D. F. Brown was mustered out of the service by reason of General Order No. 26, Head- quarters Army of the Potomac, made May 17, 1865. After the grand review the regiment prepared for the trip home and the final muster-out, which occurred at Elmira, N. Y., July 4, 1865. EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE The following extracts from letters written by Lieut. D. F. Brown, quartermaster of the 86th Regiment New York Volunteers, and published in the Corning Journal from time to time during the war, contain fuller statements of the casualties as they took place in the regiment : "FnEDERicKsBUBG, May 7, 186.3, " De.ar Sni, — .Amid the excitement and confusion of the past few days, I hnve had but little time or inclination to write " Our brave Lieut. -Col. Chapin fell about eleven o'clock a.m., while leading his men in that fearful contest. Cajjt. W. W. Angle, Company B, was mortally wounded, and has not since been heard of. Capt. D. S. Ellsworth, Company D, was killed instantly, a rifle-ball passing through his temples. Lieut. M. B. Stafford, Company F, and acting adjutant, was severely wounded in the thigh. Lieut. A. J. Woodward, Company I, received a very severe wound in both knees. Lieut. Nathan H. Vincent, Company D, was slightly wounded in several places. After the fall of Ellsworth, the command of the company devolved on him. Gen. Whipple rode up, and seeing him covered with blood, requested him to go the rear, but he refused to leave his company. Capt. N. Warner and Capt. J. H. Lansing, I am happy to say, came out unhurt, though constantly exposed to the enemy's fire. The officei-s behaved admirably, and the men followed their e.\ample in deeds of daring. Both officers and men received a flattering com- pliment from Gen. Whipple. Among the privates seven were killed and seventy-one wounded. I have not been able to get the names of the killed and wounded. We deplore deeply the loss of Lieut.-Col. Chapin. His death has cast a gloom over the whole command. The HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 117 loss of Ciipt. Angle and Capt. Ellsworth will bo severely felt by the regiment. "After the death of Col. Chapin, the command of the regiment devolved upon Capt. J. H. Lansing, who discharged the duties 'of his new position with great coolness and bravery. On several occasions with his men, he charged on the rebel batteries and drove them from their works. Tuesday the whole army fell back to the place occupied before the advance. D. F. Brown." ** In the FiELit, Gettysritrg, July 4, 1863. *• Dear Sir, — Two months have elapsed since I have communicated with you ; they have been eventful months. On the fith of June last, our brigade broke camp at Falmouth, and moved up the river about twenty-three miles, to Beverly Ford, where, on the 11th, we encoun- tered the enemy. Our regiment was at that time commanded by Maj. J. II. Lansing, he having assumed the command on the memorable field of Chancellorsville. Lieut. -Col. lliggins had not sufficiently recovered from the wounds received at Chancellorsville to enable him to take the field, but hearing that the army was in motion, he ha>tened to join his command, which he accomplished two days after the battle. The engagement at the Ford was mostly between cavalfy, and it was a sharp and severe contest. The loss in our regiment was about thirty in killed and wounded. The enemy was handsomely repulsed, and driven back about five miles. The officers and men of the S6th nobly KU.stuined their well-earned reputation, and added another proof of their courage and their devotion to the cause of our common country. *• 0.1 the Hth of June the wholearioy was in motion. Our direction was northward. We passel Manass.is. Bull Run, and Centreville. Oh, wh;it associations are connectel with the.'^e names! How mauy homes have been darkened by the war-cloud that burst with such maddening fury on these memorable fields ! How many hearts have been wrun.4 with anguish by the loss of fathers, brothers, sons, and friends, who pou e I out their blood and laid down their lives upon thcs3 huge, roj!«-bui;t altars of their country ! We crossed the Poto- mac on the 2(ith, at Edwards' Perry, and on the 1st day of July our corps reached the battle-field of (Tcttysburg. "On the 2d instant the battle became general. The 3d Corps \vas on our left wing, against which the enemy massed his forces, and made a desperate charge for the purpose of breaking it. The contest was the most desperale ami deadly of the war. Lieut. -Col. Higgins clearly demonstrated his ability to command. He received a wound in his side from a rifle-ball, and was taken from the field. The command then devolved upon Maj. Lansing, who added another proof to his well-earned reputation for coolness and courage. I will here mention an inndent. While the SGthand the I24:th New York Volunteers were making a charge upon the enemy, Gen. Ward sat on his horse watch- ing the movement, and as they fell back in perfect order, after ac- complishing their object, the general rode up to Maj. Lansing and re- marked, ' I never saw men behave better. Major, your men have nobly won the red diamond, the Kearney badge.' The major replied, * We feel proud of the blue badge, but if you wish it we will adopt the red.' The blue badge was the one used by the 3d Division, which is broken up, but we still wore the badge. . . . " Capt. J. N. Warner, Co. K, was killed instantly. He was a brave and able officer. Lieut. Hammond, Co. A, lost a leg; Lieut. Blanch- ard, Co. B, was wounded in the hand; Lieut. Packer, Co. E, wounded in hand; Lieut. Seeley, Co. K, acting adjutant, was present dur- ing the engagement, but afterwards went on the field to look after the body of Capt. Warner, and he has not been heard from since. The following is a list of the killed and wounded not heretofore men- tioned : '' Killed.— Co. A, Sergt. J. Boies, John Hart: Co. B, L. Piatt, J. Taylor: Co. D, Calvin L. Stearns; Co. F, George Tremain, John Topple; Co. H, Jeremiah Everitt; Co. I, A. C. Palmer, J. M. Black- man; Co. K, Hyman Hazeltine. *' Wunnilcd. — Co. A, Jeremiah Fisher, Francis Keller, Gilbert Rogers, Corp. R. Smith, W. S. Chafee, James W. Chafee; Co. B, Sergt. A. Shauger, Corp. A. Amidon, J. W. Rose, C. L. Odell, L. R. Root; Co. C, J. Deard; Co. D, J. Bovier, G. Powell, W. E. Stewart; Co. E, R. Wasliburn; Co. F, Allen W. Beeman, J. E. Brown, Sergt. S. Tremain; Co. G, E. E, Thompson, S. Hall, J. Iladley, Jr., L. Maddison, F. Gregory, W. Thomas, Corp. V. Allison; Co. H, Sergt. James Moidt, Corp. J. W. Ostrander, H. Dawley, W. S. Miller, P. Pierce, H. Cook; Co. I, F. J. Horton, J. Smith, J. Carrigan, Sergt. A. J. Northrup; Co. K, Corp. W. Owen, Corp. N. W. Wiuship, since dead; J. K. Fisk, since dead; Robert Laning, since dead; W. E. Stewart, A. Simpson. "The Union loss was heavy, but nothing compared with the enemy's. His dead are unburied, and the ground is literally cov- ered; in places they lay in ridges. Our victory is complete. This is our nation's birthday. Oh, what hallowed memories cluster around it! Thought travels back to the sanguinary fields of the Revolution, when liberty perched upon the banner of the triumphant free. Here the enemy of the same principle lies prostrate at her feet. This day is commemorated here by the warm blood of slaughtered thousands, palpitating on the soil of our noble Keystone State. "Yours in the cause of liberty, "D. F, Brows, Q.-M." "In thi-: Field, Brandy Station, Va., Dec. fi, 1S63. "Dear Sir, — I have unavoidably delayed giving to the numerous friends of our regiment in old Steuben the result of the recent en- gagement beyond the Rapidan, as I have hardly had a moment to devote to the matter. " At a late hour on the night of the 25th ultimo the bugle sounded the interesting call (o ' pack up.' Every man was busy in his arrange- ments for a march until the prompt command of Col, Higgins was given to fall in. The river was crossed on the 2fith at Jacob's Mill. On the 27th an engagement took place. The 3d Corps became en- gaged about ten o'clock a.m. At two o'clock p.m. the 1st Division was ordered up to meet the enemy. Our brigade, commanded by Gen. Ward, was selected to make the charge, and the S6th and 124tb New York Volunteers was selected as the storming-party. A short time previous to the charge Col. Higgins was borne from the field, a musket-ball having taken off a finger and passed through both thighs. Maj. Staff"ord then took command, and led the S6th in one of the most desperate conflicts that it ever experienced. Our regiment and the 12'4th alone regained the ground that had been lost by the 3d Division, and by sundown had driven the enemy sixty rods farther than any portion of our line had extended, and they held the ground during the entire night. You can form some idea of the severity of the engagement, when I assure you the two regiments engaged ex- pended sixteen thousand rounds of cartridges. Maj. Stafford went back several times for ammunition. Capts. Harrower and Baker were appointed acting field-officers to assist Maj. Stafford during the engagement, and Lieut. Packer was acting adjutant. The com- panies of the S6th were commanded as follows : Lieut. Holms, Co. A; Lieut. Booth, Co. B; Capt Robert Barton, Co. C; Capt. N. H, Vincent, Co. D; Lieut. J, G, Copley, Co. E : Lieut. Henry Thurber, Co, F; Lieut. A. B. Stanton, Co. G; Lieut. Stone, Co. H; Lieut. AVood, Co. I; Capt. Phinney, Co. K. "Gen. Ward paid a flattering compliment to the officers and men, and said he was proud of them. The general at first supposed that the regiment had been cut off and taken prisoners, and when he learned what they had accomplished he remarked to the major, in a playful manner, that he took his men out to find more comfortable lodgings with Gen. Lee. "The killed in our regiment in this engagement were Russel Tay- lor, First Sergeant, Co. G; John Baxter, Sergeant, Co. C; George Wright, Co. C; George H. W. Celover, Co. H. "The wounded were as follows: 1st Sergt. J. Ryon, Corp. Nicholas Longuot, Jacob Horb, James White, Lewis Hart, James Chaffee, David Hoyt, all of Co. A; Ist Sergt. F. D. Loomis, Daniel Alden, Nathan Phenix, of Co. B ; Lieut. Henry Thurber, George Babcock, George Murdock, of Co. F; Corp. A. Allen, Franklin Hallock, Asel Wilson, John Wallace, Lafayette Taylor, Foster Gregory, of Co. G; Corp. Jesse Barton, D. L, Rowley, of Co. H ; Wesley Simons, of Co. I; Corp. David Countruman, Corp. H. Hillrun, J. C. Sabin, Charles Wood, Thomas Fanand, Asa Cross, of Co. K. " Most of the wounds were slight. While marching to the Rapidan, on the 26th, Albertus Russell, of Co. E, was killed, and AY. S. Kelley, of Co. D, was wounded, Ity the accidental discharge of a gun. "The intelligence of the death of John Baxter will fall with op- pressive weight upon his family and friends, but they can be assured that he died while nobly battling in the defense of his country. He lost none of his moral principles by his associations in the army. He was regarded by his ofiicers, and all who knew him, as a brave soldier. "To-day Lieut. -Col. Lansing arrived, and was heartily greeted by the whole regiment. The command will now devolve on him, and I 118 HISTORY OP STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. should judge from his looks that his absence has not diminished his ambition or courage. *' I remain yours, etc., " D. F. Brown." " In the Field, near Spottsylvania CouRT-HorsE, Va., "May 10, 1864. "Dear Sir, — May 6, the battle opened at an early hour in the morning, and was continued with great fury during the day. The 86th bore well their part in the engagement, making frequent charges on the enemy's works. Capt. J. G. Copely, Co. E, is wounded in the arm and leg; Capt. Robert Barton, Co. C, is wounded in the side; Capt. N. S. Baker, Co. G, is wounded in the face; Lieut. W. W. Card is wounded in the thigh; Lieut. H. C. Thurber, Co. F, in the foot; others of the killed and wounded in the regiment, whose names I have not yet learned. "May 7, fighting commenced nt an early hour, and our regiment was engaged all day. The officers mentioned as wounded yesterday are doing well : none are considered dangerous. In addition to the above, H. Haliett, of Co. G, Calvin Adams, of Co. B, Henry Willick, of Co. I, Henry Tenbrook, of Co. H, and Charles Bailey, of Co. I, are among the killed. The wounded are as follows: ''Company A. — Sergt. Gilbert Hayncs, arm; Corp. John Feistner, arm; J, Smith, thigh; and Geo. Mazen, leg. *' Company B. — Sergt. Dennis Talbert, shoulder; Corp. John Ami- don, face; John Hillion, William Batchee, shoulder. " C'tiipauy C. — Sergt. Geo. M. Clute, arm; John Houghtaling, hand; Philip Swick, abdomen; W. Dawley, arm. ** Company D. — Sergt. A. C. Rogers, arm; Milo Tucker, hand; J. E.Baker, hip; Fnmcis Hurlburt. foot; T.Campbell, leg; L. Duel, thigh; Henry O'Connor, thigh; Peter Spencer, arm; Isaac Trow- bridge, thigh. ''Company .£^.— Sergt. E. D. Kemps, leg; Corp. H. H. Cole, foot; W. E. Cilley, head; H. Hewiit. shuuKler ; R. R. Sweet, hand. "Company F. — L. E. Warren, side; B. F. Alexander, hand; M. Enchard, leg. *' Company 0. — Sergt. Valli.son, leg: C. Boughton, leg; J. Wright, foot. *' Comj)aiiy H. — Sergt. W. Bartle, shoulder; Corp. D. S. Cook, hand; E. Potter, arm; Jesse K. Barton, han 1: John Bastle, hanii : A. Slater, hand. "Company I. — W. A. Crout. thigh; Thomas McTigue, arm; G. Feredenburgh, back. " Company A'. — Sergt. G. Mcrring, leg: T. F. Ferrand, leg; J. W. Barber, head: W. Lanning, hand; L. Medbury, hand. "The above are all the killed anl woundei in the regiment at this time. Lieut.-Col. Lansing was hit on the leg by a spent ball, and a ball passed through Major Stafford's hat, producing no injury to either. '* May 9, the S6th was on skirniish-line, having been sent out the night previous. They came in at twelve m. Capts. Todd, Harrower, Stone, Phinney, and Wood have been in command of their companies during this protracted battle, and are well. Lieut. Jerry Ryan com- manded Co. A. "May 10, sharp fighting all day in the vicinity of the court- house. The Sfith was engaged towards night. Have not heard of any casualties in our regiment. Just before dark a charge was made on the enemy's works, and our forces carried them. The musketry was the heaviest I ever heard. All so far goes finely. " Yours, in our country's cause, "D. F. Browx, Q.-M." " In the Field, May 12, 1864. "Dear Sir, — I wrote you on the 10th inst.. and gave you a list of casualties in the 86th up to that time. There was a severe engage- ment on the 10th, in which our regiment participated. The battle continued all day, and a little before dark a charge was made on the enemy's works. The 86th Regiment led the charge, having a hand-to- hand fight. The following are the names of the killed and wounded, so far as I have been able to ascertain : "Company A, Syracuse. — William Fuller, back; Sergt. Sam. Ing- ham, arm; George Lawson, shoulder; James White, thigh; Dan. Palmer, leg; John Brown. "Company By Addison. — Charles B. Jordan, chest; Sergt. N. Reynolds, thigh. " Company (7, Corning. — Henry Lanning, leg ; Charles Comfort, arm and abdomen; Sergt. W. Mcintosh, knee; Edwin Harridan, shoulder; Samuel Stevens, killed; Corp. Sam. Merring, killed ; Mar- tin MTihr, killed ; Corp. F. E. Clark, hand ; Jacob Rarrick, both legs ; Cyrus A. Hurd, missing; Asa Carner, missing; Perry AVashburn, missing. " Company I), Hornellsville. — Capt. N. H. Vincent, arm and thigh, severe; Samuel Banta, shoulder, severe ; Sergt. John Mcintosh, foot ; L. Hazeltine, arm and thigh; Chas. Hough, s!ight ; A. Silsbee, ab- domen, severe. " Company E, Elmira. — Charles Hart, arm ; Sergt. W. H. Andrews, leg; Thos. Weaver, finger; Jacob Hanick, thigh. "Company F, Lindley. — .Joshua Vankuran, arm; Lewis Clark, hand: Oscar Monroe, missing ; Sergt. J. J, Talbot, missing. "Company G, Canisteo. — Corp. G. Delat, slight; Luther Matti^on, arm; John Fulton, pelvis, severe. " Company H, Troupsburg. — Capt. Samuel F. Stone, killed ; J. C. Fairbanks, finger; Sergt. Philip Bartle, face; Corp. Jerry AVillinms, finger; Geo. Cummings, arm; Alphouzo Rowley, arm ; W.Steven?, arm ; John Fletcher. "Company 1, Cooper's Plains. — Color Sergt. Daniel Carson, knee, severe; William Bettis, chest; Corp. Clark Spicer, head; Charles Cobb, back ; J. D. Thompson, leg. " Company K, Woodhull. — Charles Fisk, thigh ; Ben. Miller, finger; Capt. John Phinney. leg and arm; Hugh Clark, killed: Sergt. James Crowl, killed; Lieut. J. B. Spencer, wounded. " The above are all I have been able to find. There are doubtless others wounded on the 10th. We lost in the charge one hundred and sixteen in killed and wounded and missing. Capt. Stone was in- stantly killed by a shell, and Capt. Vincent severely wounded by the same shell. They were both excellent officers, and their loss, with that of Capt. Phinney, will be severely felt. Lieut. James Cherry, adjutant, was severely wounded in the thigh. " Col. Lansing. Maj. Stafford, Capt. Harrower, Capt. Todd and AVood are not hurt. The men are in good spirits. All looks favorable. "Yours, etc., "D. F. Brown, Q.-M." " In the Field near Petersbitrg, Va., June 27, 1864. "Dear Sir, — I suppose you have heard through Maj. Stafford of the casualties in the regiment sinoo the battle of the North Anna on the 12th. We left our lines at Cold Harbor, and on the loth we crossed the Chickahominy, and on the 16th crossed the James at M'll- cox Landing, near Powhatan. It was a magnificent spectacle to witness the crossing of the James River by our army. A large num- ber of steamboats, and numerous other waler-craft. rendered the scene the gayest and liveliest of anything you can imagine, and as each boat moved from the shore laden with its living freight, cheer after cheer from thousands of brave hearts rang out upon the air, remind- ing one of a picnic on a grand scale. The constant booming of can- non, however, in the direction of Petersburg, broke the enchantment of the scene, and reminded us that we were making no pleasure trip, but would soon be grappling with the huge monster of secession on another bloody field. On the afternoon of the 16th, while our divi- sion was massed behind one of the earthworks just taken from the enemy, Lieut. A. B. Stanton was hit by a piece of shell, and died a short time alter. Lieut. Stanton came out with the regiment, and had been in every engagement through which it had passed. His last words were, * I have served my country faithfully. I must now die for it.' On the same day, G. Blackman, Co. E, was wounded in the shoulder; Henry McFall, wounded in shoulder. "June 18, our regiment made a charge, and after a sharp contest was repulsed. The loss was as follows : Lieut. Charles S. Carr, Co. I, wounded in wrist; Sergt. Steven Chase, color-bearer, Co. H, head; Edward Schofield, Co. F, hand; E. Allington, Co. F. wounded in ab- domen, since died ; Oliver Campbell, Co. G, arm ; Milo Tucker, Co. D, band. "June 22, 1864, the veterans of the 70th Regiment, N. Y. Vols., one hundred and thirty in all, were transferred to the 86th. The regiment now numbers two hundred and forty men present. "June 27, Maj. Stafford still unhurt, and is in command of the regiment. " Yours in the cause of liberty, "D. F; Brown, Q.-M." HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 119 "In the Field BEFonE PETEnsBimc, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. " Dear Sir, — Having received our ballots to-day, we are reminded that tbe time has arrived for us to discharge the sacred duty of voting. We are thankful that, through the liberal policy of our noble State, the soldier is permitted to vote. They say but little about politics, but they think and feel much, *' Our regiment numbers now about three hundred present for duty. Tbe men are in good health and spirits. Col. Lansing is in com- mand, and although there is no forward movement since the affair at Deep Bottom, yet he has found enough to occupy bi.s attention. Our regiment has been in the rifle-j)its in the extreme front, within speak- ing distance of the enemy, for several weeks past, exposed to the tire of the sharpshooters. For two weeks past tbe 86th held Forts Michael and Scott, which constitute a portion of our front line of works. An attack was made several nights ago on our pickets, a little to our left, which resulted in a repulse of the enemy, with a loss of several killed and wounded, and about one hundred prisoners. Capt. nar- rower was in command of the picket lino on that occasion, and for his prudent and brave conduct received a flattering compliment, in a general order from our corps commander. *' Yours, etc., " D. F. Brow.\, Q.-M." GEN. NIROM M. CRANE. Gen. Nirom M. Crane was born in Penn Yan, Yates Co., N. Y., Dec. 13, 1828. The family of Crane is of English descent, and the ancestor of the family, Henry Crane, — born 1635, — came to America about the year 1660, as record is found of his descent as son of John Crane, of Norfolk, England. Gen. Crane traces his descent from Capt. John Crane, son of Henry Crane, who was born in 1664, and commanded a company in an expedition against Canada, in 1711, and died in New York, as the result of hardship and exposure in that campaign. His grandfather, Daniel Crane, — born 1756, — was a sol- dier during the Revolutionary war. He, with others, being at church when the news of the battle of Concord came, at once enlisted in the service of his country. About the year 1806 he removed from Connecticut with his family, and settled in Yates Co., N. Y., in what is now the town of Benton, — then a wilderness. Hence he was a pioneer in that county, and there spent the remainder of his life as a farmer, dying at about the age of seventy. Gen. Crane's father, Nirom Crane, one of nine children, was a volunteer and ranked as second lieutenant of a rifle company in the war of 1812 ; was engaged in the battle of Queenstown Heights, Canada. He led a quiet life as a farmer, and died, at the age of sixty-one, in the year 1845, leaving two sons and five daughters who reached maturity, of whom the subject of this notice was the youngest. At the age of fifteen he became a clerk in a general merchandise store in Wayne, this county, and continued as such, in that place and Penn Yan, during the remainder of his minority. In the year 1849 he established himself in business as a merchant at Wayne, which he continued successfully for three years, and removed to Hornellsville, where he carried on mercantile business until 1856, when, being chosen vice-president of the Bank of Hornellsville (the first bank established there), he remained in connection with the busi- ness of that bank until it was closed, in 1859. He at once started a private bank, the business of which he car- ried on until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. In April, 1861, inspired with that patriotism and loyalty to country so characteristic of his ancestors, he raised a company of volunteers, and in May following, as lieutenant- colonel of the 23d New York Volunteers (called the South- ern Tier Rifles), hastened to the capital, reaching Arlington Heights the next morning after the battle of Bull Run. As lieutenant-colonel he commanded the regiment through Pope's campaign, and led it successively in the more im- portant battles of Rappahannock, Groveton, Bull Run (second), Chantilly, South Mountain, and Antietam. After the latter battle he was detailed as acting in- spector-general on the stafi" of the 1st Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj.-Gen. John F. Reynolds, where he remained until after the close of the battle of Fredericksburg, and on which he officiated as aide-de-camp to Gen. Reynolds, and was complimented in general orders for gallantry on the battle-field by him. Subsequently he was assigned assistant provost-marshal- general on the staff of Gen. Hooker, in the Army of the Potomac, where he remained until the expiration of his term of service of two years, when, after only two weeks' respite at home he returned to his regiment as colonel of the 107th New York Volunteers, joined the regiment at Leesburg, Va., then on the march to Gettysburg. In the battle of Gettysburg he had command of the regiment in the thick- est of the fight, yet losing only a few men. His corps (the 20th) was then sent, under command of Gen. Hooker, to join Sherman at Chattanooga. To fol- low his career through " Sherman's march to the sea'' would be to give an outline sketch of the victories, priva- tions, marches, etc., of that renowned campaign, the princi- pal of which were Resaca, Cassville, Dallas, Peach-Tree Creek, and Atlanta, and the taking of Savannah, followed by the march through the Carolinas, and the capture and surrender of Johnston's army. During the campaign in South Carolina, for gallant and meritorious conduct, he was brevetted brigadier-general with rank from March, 1865. Gen. Crane was mustered out of the service in June, 1865, and returned home. In the fall of the same year he opened a private bank, under the name of N. M. Crane & Co., which he continues to carry on. In 1869 he was chosen county clerk, which oflice he held one term. Upon the organization of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, at Bath, N. Y., Gen. Crane was appointed by Governor Robinson as one of the nine trustees, and is also the treas- urer of that institution. Gen. Crane has been identified with the Republican party since its organization, although not in any sense of the term a professional politician. In the year 1852, Oct. 19, he married Marie Louise, second daughter of Matthew MacDowell, of Wayne, Steu- ben Co., a lady of rare culture, and descended from English ancestry on the maternal, and Scotch ancestry on the pater- nal side. Their children are Sidney H., Marion Louise, and Guy MacDowell. 120 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY. NEW YORK. CHAPTER XXV. MILITARY HISTORT-(Continued). Steuben in the War of the Rebellion — (Continued). THE ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH REGIMENT. Tats regiment was organized during the dark hours of 1862, when the novelty of military life had ceased, and fierce war with all its horrors stood out in awful vision be- fore the people of this country. The disastrous battles of 1861, and the unsuccessful Peninsula campaign of the Army of the Potomac, had cast a gloom over the North, and served to add additional vigor to the already victorious arms of the Confederacy. It was during this hour, when the pall of despondency seemed to be settling down upon the North, that President Lincoln issued a call, July 1, for three hundred thousand more men. Gen. A. S. Diven was at that time member of Congress from the Twenty-seventh District. Near midnight, on one sultry summer night in July, he was called upon at his residence in Washington by Gen. Van Valkenburgh, of Steuben, and Mr. Pomeroy, of Auburn, both members of Congress from New York, with the message that Secretary Seward wished to see him immediately. He immediately answered the summons, and the secretary, addressing him abruptly, said, " Will you go home and raise a regiment in your district ? Pomeroy is going. Van Valkenburgh is going, and you must go. I mean to invite every member of Congress to do so, and thus raise regiments by districts." Gen. Diven was prompt to answer " yes," and on the fol- lowing morning left Washington for Elmira. Although at first meeting with much discouragement, able men soon rallied to his support. It is said of Rev. Thoilias K. Beecher that he laid aside his clerical duties, and with Gen. Diven traversed Schuyler, Chemung, Steuben, and Allegany Counties, holding two meetings every day. Recruiting was rapid. The finst company was mustered into the United States service in July, and on the evening of August 13 the 107th Regiment New York State Vol- unteers left Elmira eii route to Washington. The regiment was mustered into the service from July 31 to August 31, 1862. It was the first regiment organ- ized under the call for the three hundred thousand men, and received a banner from the State in recognition of that fact. The following were the field and staif officers : Colonel, Robert B. Van Valkenburgh ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Alexan- der S. Diven ; Major, Gabriel L. Smith; Adjutant, Hull Fanton ; Quartermaster, E. P. Graves ; Quartermaster- Sergeant, L. B. Chidsay ; Chaplain, Ezra F. Crane ; Sur- geon, Patrick H. Flood ; Assistant Surgeon, James D. Hewitt; Sergeant-Major, John R. Lindsay; Commissary- Sergeant, Henry Inscho; Hospital Steward, John M. Flood. Five companies of this regiment were raised in the fol- lowing towns of Steuben County : Company C at Painted Post, Company F at Addison, Company G at Bath, Com- pany I at Corning, and Company K at Hornellsville. The companies of the regiment were organized as follows : Company A. — Captain, Ezra F. Crane; First Lieutenant, Melville C. Wilkinson ; Second Lieutenant, John M. Losie. Company B. — Captain, Lathrop Baldwin ; First Lieu- tenant, Martin V. B. Bachman ; Second Lieutenant, George Swain. Company C. — Captain, William F. Fox ; First Lieu- tenant, Charles J. Fox ; Second Lieutenant, Irving Bron- son. Company I). — Captain, Hector M. Stocum ; First Lieu- tenant, Samuel A. Benedict ; Seeond Lieutenant, Odell D. Reynolds. Company E. — Captain, William L. Morgan ; First Lieu- tenant, William L. Morgan, Jr. ; Second Lieutenant, Har- low Atwood. Company F. — Captain, James H Miles ; First Lieuten- ant, J. Milton Roe ; Second Lieutenant, John F. Knox. Company G. — Captain, John J. Lamon ; First Lieuten- ant, G. H. Brigham ; Second Lieutenant, Ezra Gleason. Company H. — Captain, Erastus C. Clark ; First Lieu- tenant, Henry D. Donnelly ; Second Lieutenant, Lewis 0. Sayler. Company I. — Captain, Newton T. Colby ; First Lieu- tenant, Benjamin C. Wilson; Second Lieutenant, Nathaniel E. Rutter. Company K. — Captain, Allen N. Sill ; First Lieutenant, John M. Goodrich; Second Lieutenant, Alonzo B. Howard. On the 15th the regiment arrived at Washington, and after a review by President Lincoln went into camp on Ar- lington Heights, where, August 19, they were first in bat- talion drill. August 22 marching orders were received, and on the following day the regiment moved to Fort Lyon, near Alexandria, Va. The 107th w;xs brigaded Sept. 1, 1862, with the 35th JIassachusetts and two Pennsylvania regiments, forming the 5th Brigade of Whipple's Division, Reserve Corps, Colonel Van Valkenburgh commanding. Sept. 6 orders were received to join Gen. McClellan's army, moving northward to repel Gen. Lee's invasion of Maryland, and at seven p.m. they were in line of march. In speaking of this movement Gen. Diven said, " How glorious the August moon looked down upon us as we broke camp at Arlington, and with songs of triumph crossed the Potomac to join the army for the defense of Washington ! How from our camp at Frederick City we saw the smoke of battle and heard the roar of dread artillery, and marked the strife in which we were soon to mingle! how after a night of fatiguing march we encamped at daybreak on the scene of an ensanguined battle of a day before ! how all day with cautious march we advanced in the track of the brave victors of South Mountain ! how eagerly we burned to be sharers in the strife that was making heroes of our friends in other regiments ! how we envied the glory that sur- rounded the 23d !" Ah ! this gallant regiment had not long to wait. The night of the 17th of September they lay on their arms, and ere the " gray-eyed morn smiled on the frowning night" was heard the rattle of musketry, and the ominous booming of artillery, reverberated over the army, told only too well that the battle of Antietam had opened. As Gen. Diven remarked in an address delivered at the regimental association in 1873, " Comrades, you re- member the rest of that day." Yes, the surviving members of the 107th will not soon HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTr, NEW YORK. 121 forget the liorrors of that September day. It was an all- day's contest, and almost a hand-to-hand struggle. Night put an end to the contest, and ninety of those brave men who marched out to meet the enemy in the morning, at night lay upon the field, killed and wounded. This was the 107th'.s baptism of fire, and nobly did it pass through the deadly contest. Gen. Gordon, in his official report of the battle, bestowed many encomiums of praise upon this regiment for its bravery and soldierly bearing. He says, "The 107th New York Regiment, Col. Van Valkenburgh, I held in reserve, throw- ing them into the edge of a piece of woods on the left, which, I was informed by an aid of Gen. Hooker, who met me advancing, must be held at all hazards." Again, in the same report, he says, " The rebel lines again advancing, I threw forward a portion of ray brigade to support those nearly in front, while the 107th New York was directed to support Capt. Cotheran's battery on the left. This fine regiment, but just organized and brought into the field, in this battle for the first time under fire, moved with steadi- ness to its perilous position, and maintained its ground until recalled, though exposed to a front fire from the enemy, and a fire over its head from batteries in its rear." He add.s, " 1 have no word; but those of praise for their con- duct." Capt. Cotheran, whose battery the regiment supported, pays it the following tribute in his official report: " The 107th Regiment, New York Volunteers, Col. R. B. Van Valkenburgh, is entitled to great credit for both coolness and courage, and the admir.iblc manner in which it supported my battery during the fight. This being the first time this regiment was under fire, I most cheerfully bear testimony to the excellent bearing of both officers and men, while occupying the uncomfortable position of being the recipi- ents of the enemy's fire while they were unable to return it." Not one moment elapised, from the beginning to the close of this .sanguinary struggle, that the 107th was not under fire. The following vivid summary of this battle, in which the 107th took so conspicuous a position, is given by Gen. Gordon : " From sunrise to sunset the waves of battle ebbed and flowed. Men wrestled with each other in lines of regi- ments, brigades, and divisions, while regiments, brigades, and divisions faded away under a terrible fire, leaving long lines of dead to mark where stood the living. Fields of corn were trampled into shreds, forests were battered and scathed, huge limbs went crashing to earth, sent by shell and round shot. Grape and canister mingled their hissing scream in this hellish carnival ; yet within all this, and throughout it all, the patriots of the North wrestled with hearts strong and unshaken ; wrestled with the rebel horde that thronged and pressed upon them, never yielding, though sometimes halting to gather up their strength, then with one mighty bound, throwing themselves upon their foes, to drive them into their protecting forests beyond. We indeed at night slept upon the bloody field of our vic- tory." The regiment was at this time in the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, of the 12th Corps. On the day following the battle the regiment lay upop 16 the field, and on the 19th marching orders were received, and they started in pursuit of the vanquished foe. They moved to Maryland Heights, and weut into camp, Septem- ber 2i. While here the ranks were greatly decimated by fever, which raged to such an extent that at the review by President Lincoln, October 2, not three hundred men were able to report for duty. The hospitals were filled with vic- tims of the disease, and their camp at Maryland Heights was indeed a sorrowful one, where so many of the brave men, who bad pas.sed the fire of battle, sank before this destroyer, and were buried in the winding-sheet, for no coffins, not even of the rudest manufacture, could at one time be obtained. The first death in this camp was that of Corp. Joseph Couse, of Company H, and he was buried in a rough box, made by Sergt. Abram White, oi' old fence- boards. The 107th remained at Maryland Heights until late in October, when they moved to Antietam Ford. Here they remained a few weeks, and on the 10th of December moved into Virginia, passing through Harper's Ferry, thence across the Shenandoah, and down the Leesburg Valley to Fairfax Station. The regiment halted here for a short time and then proceeded towards Frederick.sburg; subsequently went into camp at a place called Hope Landing, on Aquia Creek. An official report forwarded to the War Department about this time says, " The 107th remained in camp at Fairfax Station, Va., until the morning of the 19th of January, when it broke camp and commenced marching southward towards Stafford Court-House, together with the 12th Army Corps (Maj.-Gen. H. W. Slocum). The march was continued from day to day for five days during the worst possible storm imaginable, fording the swollen streams and making our way along seemingly impassable roads. The evening of Friday arrived at Staffiird Court- House. Here the regiment was paid up to the 31st of October, 1862, which was the first pay received. Re- mained in bivouac near Stafford until Tuesday, January 27, when we marched to Hope Landing, on the Aquia Creek ; remained in bivouac there for a few days, and then moved to a camp nearer the creek and commenced building winter quarters for the fourth time. February 13 finds the regiment still here. Sickness is alarmingly on the in- crease, and regimentally matters looked gloomy. Only some four hundred men left for duty, the balance of the ten hundred and nineteen of six months ago dead, wounded, or absent sick." Camp life at Hope Landing had been pleasant and duty easy, and but for the sickness that prevailed, cau.sed by the winter, fatigue, and exposure, this camp might have been left with regret. But not so. The regiment had been greatly thinned by disease, and on April 27 they cheerfully broke camp and marched, under the command of gallant, fighting Joe Hooker, towards the Rappahannock. The order of march was gladly hailed, and Gen. Diven re- marked. " Never prisoner left a dungeon more eagerly than we our camp when wo marched forth under the proud banner of the 12th Army Corps." The spring campaign was active as it was disastrous. Not one week had elapsed after leaving the camp at Hope Landing ere the 107th participated in the terrible battle 122 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUiNTY, NEW YORK. of Chancellorsville, adding fresh laurels to those already won on the hard-contested field of Antietam. This regiment having fought gallantly at Antietam, and left that sanguinary field crowned with the laurels of vic- tory, never harbored the thought of a possible defeat, and with the same coolness and determination that marked their career there, did they move upon the enemy at Chan- cellorsville. On the evening of the second day, believing the foe was defeated, marched out to join in capturing a conquered army ; but they reckoned without their host. The advance soon became a retreat, and, instead of victory, it was defeat. Soon afler the regiment marched out they were ordered back to their position on double-quick, and met the flying columns of the IVth Corps, driven before the fierce onslaught of Stonewall Jackson like chaff before the wind. Right gallantly did the lU7th attempt to stay the flight of the fleeing and stop the pursuit of the pur- suing until the night came on, when the confusion was like unto pandemonium itself During the night the regiment again formed in line of battle, and until daybreak over their heads blazed the shrieking shot and shell. At early dawn, without time to consume the scanty pro- visions that had been sent them, they entered the fight, and for hours that passed like minutes struggled with the foe, until the last round of ammunition was exhausted, and then, with fixed bayonets, stood, as they supposed, until reinforcements had come to take their place. Then in orderly march, proud of their endurance, the regiment retired. The rein- forcements, however, outstripped them in the retreat ; and, under a murderous fire, they formed a new line near the Chancellorsville House, only to be driven from it by the artillery oi' the victorious foe. The battle of Chancellors- ville was fought and lost. It was a bloody day for the 107th. Many a home in the Twenty-seventh Congressional District was rendered desolate by this day's carnage. At least one-third of the force engaged was lost. Fearfully were the ranks of the 107th thinned, but not dishonored. Every survivor who participated in that day's fight felt conscious of having performed his duty, and thenceforward the regiment was counted veteran. " Thej never fail who die In a great cause. The block may soak their gore; Their heads may sodden in the sun; their limbs Be strung to city gates or castle walls: But still their spirits walk abroad, though years . Elapse, and others share as dark a doom. They but augment the deep and sweejiing thoughts Which overspread all others, and conduct The world at last to freedom.'* From the disastrous Chancellorsville battle-ground the 107th marched to Stafford Court-House, where they went into camp and remained during the month of May. While here the regiment parted with their brave Col. Diven and efficient Adjutant Fanton, who resigned and returned to their homes. The command of the regiment now devolved upon Lieut.-Col. Colby, June 12 the camp presented a lively appearance, as orders had been received to march at a moment's notice, and on the following day, at six o'clock, the forces moved northward to repel the invasion of I|ee. This w^s the be- ginning of the Gettysburg campaign. On the 24th of June the newly-appointed colonel, N. M. Crane, joined the regiment and assumed command. July 1 the 107th reached Gettysburg, Pa., and prepared for the deadly contest of the morrow. The morrow came, and with it every indication of a terrible struggle. Everything tend- ing to encumber the men was thrown aside, guns were primed afresh, and a few words of encouragement and direc- tion given by the gallant colonel. Then each man took his place and awaited the order that should .summon them to the front, where the sanguinary battle of Gettysburg was raging in all its fury. The regiment, however, was not actively engaged, and the loss was small. July 5 the regiment left the Gettysburg battle-field, and followed in the pursuit of the retreating enemy. On the IJth, Gen. Lee, hard pressed, escaped across the Potomac, closely followed by the Union army, under the command of Gen. Meade. They continued their march through Virginia, reaching Kelley's Ford August 1, where they went into camp, and remained until September IG, when the line of march was taken up to Bealton Station, from whence the 107th was transported to Stevenson, Ala., to reinforce the Army of the West. From October, 1868, to April, 18G4, the regiment — with the exception of Com- panies B and K, which were sent to Shelbyville, Tenn. — lay at Wartrace, Bell Buckle, and Wartrace Bridge, doing guard and picket duty. During this time the 107th received, by transfer from the disbanded 145th Regiment and by recruits, two hundred and fifty men, and was enabled to completely recuperate for the first time from the fatigue of its constant service since entering the field. On the 20th of April, 1864 (the regiment then six hun- dred strong), they broke camp, and then commenced Sher- man's memorable march. May 15 was fought the battle of Resaea, and the 107th lost two killed and seventeen wounded. Sherman hotly pursued the retreating forces of John- ston until May 25, when, coming upon his army at Dallas, a sharp contest ensued, in which the 107th lost nearly two hundred men. The following account of this battle is from the pen of A. S. Fitch, of Elmira, who was a member of the regi- ment : " This battle of Dallas, fought mainly by one division (the 1st) of the 20th Army Corps, was a desperate, earnest attempt to force from their chosen position a large force of the enemy closely massed and defended by almost impreg- nable works. That it failed has been intimated. That it was not by lack of valor or determined effort on the part of our .soldiers, I trust I shall make apparent to all. It was for a long time considered by our men a rash and terrible blunder on the part of our commanding generals. Be this as it may, the honest and manly Sherman, as usual, shoul- ders the entire responsibility of the affkir, by the simple an- nouncement, in that part of his official report which covers this engagement, ' all (his was done by my order.' " It was one of those unfortunate affairs, in which a great sacrifice of precious life was made, yet nothing substantial was accomplished. The fact that in one short hour this one division lost nearly twelve hundred men, killed and HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 123 wounded, proves the magnitude of the aflFair. And here, too, the entire army were brought to a halt, and after ten days of incessant fighting and manoeuvring had proved the enemy's position ahnost impregnable, a flank movement was resorted to, which alone compelled him to abandon it. " Two days after the repulse of our troops, a heavy force of the enemy attempted to assault and carry McPherson's position, farther to the right. It was defended by earth- works and artillery, and the brave boys of McPherson re- pulsed his every attempt, killing and wounding nearly three thousand of his men, and driving him back shattered and routed to his works. This, in a measure, ' squared' the accounts and compensated for the disastrous result on the 25th, and months afterwards we learned from a captured rebel officer that their loss in our front on the 25th was very severe, particularly in their second line, which, being less sheltered by the works, received the brunt of our terrible musketry fire and suffered severely. " The 107th Regiment lost a much larger number killed and wounded in this engagement than any other regiment engaged, and far more than in any other of its operations ; hence to them did it become the great event of their three years' service, and they richly deserve the right to regard it as such. " The morning of the eventful 25th of May came. Re- veille was sounded at 3.30 o'clock, and at 8.30 the column got under way. It moved slowly forward until noon, when a halt of an hour was made, after which we moved out on a by-road leading to the little town of Dallas. The marching was easy, the weather fine, and our men went forward in high spirits, hoping soon to reach this objective point in the line of march ; and as no enemy showed itself, every- thing bid fair to work for a ready accomplishment of that object. " But suddenly a halt was sounded. Then came the order ' ahout face and ' inarch' Something wa.s the matter surely. Had our advance struck that long expected ' snag,' or was there trouble to the rear ? We were marched rap- idly back for a mile or two, then leaving the road the column struck across a field, down into a ravine, across a creek, known by the euphonious name of Pumpkin-Vine Creek, and up a steep ascent to a thinly-wooded table-land, where we found artillery in position, and the intiintry of Geary's 2d Division partially intrenched. Matters certainly looked serious. Orderlies were galloping to and fro giving orders, and as we went into position one piece of our artillery began shelling the woods in our front. The boys of our regiment had a tradition that this marching back left in front always foreshadowed difificulties and trouble, and speedily came to the conclusion that there was an enemy in front that we .should soon meet. The line was formed on the crest of a hill, the 1st Division taking the place where Geary's Division had previously occupied. The 2d Brigade, to which the 107th belonged, held the right. '• We now learned that, early in the day, Gen. Hooker, with his staff, came upon a rebel picket, posted at the cross- ing of Pumpkin- Vine Creek, which fired upon him and fled. The general, with his escort, pushed boldly ahead, and soon came upon a body of rebel cavalry. A sharp fight ensued, the escort driving oft' the enemy unaided. " Shortly afterwards the 2d Division, which was on a different road than that which the 1st had taken, came upon a large force of rebel infiintry ; a severe fight followed, the enemy being driven into a new and formidable line of works, where they succeeded in checking the advance of our troops with severe loss. It thus being evident that the enemy were in large force here. Gen. Hooker ordered the 1st and 3d Divisions back to the support of Geary, and by five o'clock P.M. the entire corps were in line of battle, the 107th Regi- ment occupying a position as before stated. " We lay for .some time quietly waiting some response to the shells of our battery, and preparing for the shock that seemed imminent and close at hand. Yet there was no shrinking back or expression of dismay on the faces of the veterans of the 107th. Every one felt that there was hot work to be done, but so often had they faced the whirlwind of battle, and tasted of its fiery experiences, none thought of faltering in this new hour of danger. " No reply being provoked by the shells of our battery, the bugle sounded an advance, and the long Une moved down the hill, across the ravine, and up the other side with beautiful precision ; a level, thinly-wooded section stretched before, and forward the line swept, our skirmishers coming up with, and rapidly driving back those of the enemy, until they seemed to be making a precipitate retreat. Forward, double-quick, sounded the shrill bugle^' Forward, double- quick !' shouted the officers — and away at the double-quick sprang our elated men. It was an imposing sight. The entire brigade were sweeping rapidly forward with as true a front as if on drill. Gen. Williams, who rode close behind the line, remarked that it was as strict an alignment as if on dress parade ; the line moved as one man, eager to overtake what seemed to be a fleeing enemy. But how terribly were we mistaken ! Suddenly our skirmish line seemed to slacken its advance, then come to a stand-still ; not so the main line. Still at the double-quick it went crashing forward, nearly running down and over the wa- vering line of skirmi.shers. The word to us was still ybr- ward, and on we went until we were in the very breath of the hell fire that was to sweep through our ranks. But now the pace slacken.s — before us we hear the sharp crack- ling of musketry. There goes a man fallen to the ground wounded — there another ; the line halts, and in what a fearful place ! Directly before us, so near we can see the embrasures of the batteries, frowned a line of massive earth- works, bristling with cannon, behind which, massed in heavy force, lay the enemy. We were fairly trapped — we could not retreat — we must stand our ground. The ranks closed up bravely. To the right of the 107th Regiment was the gallant old 3d Wisconsin. It was some comfort to us to know they were so near and held the flank. The fire of the enemy began to increase. Our men leveled their rifles and the whole line was ablaze with the discharge. Then out from that dark covert leaped such a discharge of death-dealing missiles as never before was met in all our experience. Shot, shell, grape, canister and minie came tearing through our ranks, mowing a terrible swath of death and destruction. At this first fire of the enemy fell full one- half of those lost during the engagement. It was sickening, fearful. 124 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. " Company F occupied a position directly across an open road that led through the woods, and from its increased exposure suffered more than any other company. Brave Capt. Knox, who commanded it, was far ahead of his men, waving his sword and endeavoring to cheer them on, when he was struck by a piece of shell and fell mortally wounded. In quick succession fell its first and second lieutenants, the former severely wounded, the last dead, while at the first volley fell nearly one-half of the entire company. And so along the line men and officers were falling like grain before the reaper. But, praise God ! the gallant old regi- ment stood fast, and went not backward a single step. The broken ranks close up, the line blazed forth its volley again and again, and though the hell in our front vomited out its fiery discharges thick and fast, there was no confusion or disorder. The gaps caused by our fiiliing men were quickly filled by the survivors, and the ranks, though fearfully de- pleted, remained unbroken. We should surely have relief soon, for ammunition already began to fail, and this un- equal contest could not last long. But nearly an hour passed, and no relief came, and still the contest went on. The line of the regiment had become such a mere skeleton that the men found a partial cover behind the trees, and replenishing their cartridge-boxes from those of their fallen comrades, kept up a steady tire upon the enemy's position, striving, by watching the flash of his cannon, to pick oiF the men who served them. Col. Crane now dispatched Adj. Benedict to Gen. Ruger, who commanded the brigade, with the message to hurry up the relief, as his line was a mere skeleton, and nearly out of ammunition. Back came the adjutant with the stern command from the general, '■to have his men fix bayonets, and hold the ground at all haz- ards'.' If the enemy should make a sally and charge upon our shattered line, nothing could save us from disas- trous overthrow, for there was no force within supporting distance. Fortunately, however, the enemy, either from being too much crippled himself, or from an ignorance of the condition of affairs in his front, did not venture from the cover of his works, and we were thus saved from com- plete annihilation. " The gloom of night began to gather around the devoted regiment, and we could distinguish the enemy's position only by the flashes of his cannon and musketry. Suddenly a thrill of joy ran through every heart, as, looking back, we saw the long-looked for relief Never was relief more welcome or more needed. The long line of fresh troops came up, halted, and fixed bayonets, and took their position where, for over an hour, we had stood and fought in the face of a fire seldom if ever equaled in severity during the war. Cautiously the scattered men were gathered in, and slowly moving back, lying down occasionally to escape the shells of the enemy, as he at times redoubled his fire, we at last got out of range, and were safe. Soon after, as night set in, the fire of the rebel battery slackened, and the fight became a mere desultory skirmish fire between the two lines. " It quickly grew dark, and, exhausted and heavy-hearted, our men lay down to rest. Not a company but mourned the loss of some favorite member ; not a man but had lost some comrade dearly loved. " The morning of the 26th dawned with a clear sky and bright sun, and under its cheerful influences the depressed spirits of our men rose to their wonted level, and no active operations being ordered, time and opportunity were given to look about and ascertain the precise result of yesterday's contest. Parties were detailed to bring in and bury the dead, and the regiment was brought together and put in line to the rear of the field of operations of the previous day, and now we learned the actual loss during that fright- ful hour's work. " Twenty-four of the regiment's bravest and best men fell dead on the field. Twelve more of the wounded died during the night. Beside these one hundred and thirty-two crippled and mutilated forms found refuge in the hospitals, there to linger for a few days in agony worse than death, or to escape to a life of hopeless deformity and suffering. " Among the dead were the very flower of the regiment. Company B lost three of its very best men, in the persons of McGuire, Greves, and Vreeland, all shot dead, while among those fatally wounded was the tried and trusty Corp. Mun- son, well known to many friends here as a most exemplary and Christian young man. Company D, in the death of young William Van Auken. lost a splendid soldier and a faithful and beloved comrade. Company F, as has been stated, was terribly cut up, and mourned, in the death of Capt. Knox and Lieut. Hill, two as brave and accomplished officers as ever drew sword. Company K lost another true and Christian young man, Sergt. Eugene Thacher. Com- pany A lost its noble First Sergt. Hammond, and by the severe wounding of Capt. John M. Losie (_who suffered the amputation of a leg) were deprived of a brave and efficient commander. Two other fine soldiers were Sergt. Ben Force, of Company H, and Corp. Charles Newberry, of Company I. Both fell dead while bravely fighting ; men that could illy be spared, their death caused a vacancy hard to be so well filled again. But among so many gallant ones fallen it is useless to attempt a mention of all. Each fallen one was a hero, and will be ever remembered as such by his surviving comrades, and a nation's gratitude will, we trust, ever be accorded to them, as a part of that great host who laid down their lives that the nation might live. " The ranks of the regiment, though so fearfully depleted, were now fully reformed, and its gallant members were ready for the next ordeal that the campaign might develop." Fighting and skirmishing were continued on the following day, and, although the enemy was intrenched, on the 5th of June he retreated. Sherman lost no time, but followed hard upon the retreating foe. He crowded Johnston from one position to another, and from June 6 to 14 was a series of marches, countermarches, and skirmishes. On the 15th the enemy opened an attack on our forces at Pine Knob, and, after a hard fight, was repulsed with heavy loss. Again there was a retreat by the enemy, and again the victorious army of Sherman followed in hot pursuit. The battle of Culp's Farm was fought on the 22d, and on the 27ih followed the battle of Kenesaw. On went the flying foe before the intrepid Sherman. Peach-Tree Creek battle was fought the 20th, and here the gallant Major Baldwin was mortally wounded, June 22. After hard fighting, Sherman secured a position in HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 125 front of Atlanta, and laid siege to the city, which was finally evacuated by the enemy September 2, and the 107th Regiment was among the first to enter the city. In this siege the regiment lost about sixty killed and wounded. The regiment remained at Atlanta some time performing provost-guard duty, and on the 15th of September left Atlanta with Sherman on his memorable " March to the Sea." On the 26th a skirmish was had at Sandersville, and December 9, Redoubt No. 3, nine miles from Savannah, was captured, and December 21 the city was evacuated by the enemy and the campaign closed. This was one of the greatest campaigns of the war, and it is an honor to be able to say, " I marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea !" It may justly be written that the lOTtli during this campaign added fresh laurels to those already won while with the Army of the Potomac, and it is well known that Gen. Sherman held this regiment in the highest esteem ; and in 1875 he said, " I surely know no regiment that I would prefer to meet, whose services both East and West make them justly proud." .\fter the evacuation of Savannah, the 107th went into camp on tha Georgia side of the river, where they remained until Jan. 17, 1865, when they moved with the army for the campaign through the Carolinas, and participated in the battle of Avorysboro', N. C, March 16, and Black River, N. C, March 19. On the 24th they readied Goldsboro' and went into camp, ending the march of sixty- six days, — distance, five hundred miles, — the total casual- ties of the campaign being about forty. Left camp at Goldsboro' April 10, and, after a series of marches, — pass- ing through Richmond and other places, — the 25th finds the regiment in camp near Bladensburg, Md., preparing the muster-out rolls. June 6 they bade farewell to South- ern soil, and on the 8th reached Elmira, on the 9th turned over their camp and garrison equipage, on the 10th were paid off and mustered out of service, and the 107th passed into history. Summary of Marches. — The following is a summary of marches of the regiment : Year. Miles. 18B2.— Before leaving Arlington Heights 20 1862. — First campaign in Maryland 175 1862.— To Antietam Ford froni Maryland Heights 10 1862. — Winter campaign to Fairfax and Stafford Court- House 150 1863. — Campaign to Chancellorsville 75 1863. — Second campaign in Maryland and Pennsyl- vania 350 1863. — Marches on the Rappahannock and in Ten- nessee 300 1864. — Campaign to .\tlanta and the sea 600 1365. — Campaign through Carolinas 500 1865. — Homeward march to Washington 400 Total 2580 Summary of Campaigns. — The regiment campaigned in the following States: Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Ten- nessee, and passed through Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Summary of Battles. — The regiment participated in the following battles and skirmishes, viz. : Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Chancellorsville, Va., May 1-3, 1863. Getty.sburg, Pa., July 1-3, 1863. Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864. CassviUe, Ga., May 19, 1864. Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, 1864. Culp's Farm, Ga., June 22, 1864. Kenesaw, Ga., June 27, 1864. Peach-Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Siege of Atlanta, July 23 to Aug. 24, 1864. Sandersville, Ga., Nov. 26, 1864. Redoubt No. 3, Savannah, Ga., Dec. 9, 1864. Argyle Island and siege of Savannah, Dec. 11-22, 1864. Averysboro', N. C, March 16, 1865. Black River, N. C, March 19, 1865. Roll of Honor. — During the month of January, 1876, Maj. Charles J. Fox and A. S. Fitch, the efficient secretary of the 107th Association, visited Albany, and upon appli- cation at the oflice of the adjutant-general were furnished with the muster-out rolls of the regiment, from which were copied the lists of the dead of the several companies, with date, place, and cause of death. This list comprises only those who died before receiving their discharge from the service. Many sick and wounded were discharged, came home, and died ; none such are reported in this list. Fieltl (n,d Staff. Lieut.-Col. Lathrop Baldwin, died July 30, 1864, of wounds received at Peach-Treo Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Com.-Sergt. Henry Inscho, died April 9, 1863. Oomjianif A. Cornelius Hammond, first sergeant, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Charles Bolton, sergeant, died at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 20, 1864, of wounds received at Dallas, May 25, 1864. John B. Arnot, died at Bolivar Heights, Oct. 23, 1862. Silas H. Betson, died at Hope Landing, Va., March 3, 1863. Abram Decatur, died at Bolivar Heights, Va., Oct. 13, 1862. Augustus Demick, died at Fairfax Court-House, Va., Oct. 12, 1862. John M. French, died Sept. 19, 1862, from wounds received at Antie- tam. William Hill, died at Jcffcrsonville, Dec. 2, 1864. William J. Graves, died at Atlanta, Oct. 24, 1864. Charles H. Luce, died at Washington, D. C, Jan 21, 1863. George McPherson, died at David's Island, N. Y., April 5, 1865. George Ramsey, died at Washington, D. C, July 25, 1863. Henry P. Smith, died at Bolivar Heights, Va., Oct. 13, 1862. Henry Stevens, died at Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 19, 1S64. Company B. Marcus M. Munson, corporal, died at Kingston, Ga., June 4, 1864, from wounds received at Dallas. Guy Rathbone, corporal, died in South Carolina, Jan. 25, 1865. Jonathan H. Barlow, died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 20, 1863. John Bright, died in Nashville, Tenn., June 27, 1864, of wounds received at Dallas. Harrison D. Cooper, died at Nashville, Tenn., July 7, 1864, from wounds received at Dallas. Hay Griene, killed at the battle of Dallas, May 25, 1864. Harvey Harrington, died at Antietam, Md., Sept. 18, 1862, from wounds received at the battle of Antietam. Henry C. Howland, died near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864, from wounds received while on skirmish line. Jacob W. Jackson, died at Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1862. Charles S. Keener, died at Kingston, Ga., July 31, 1864, of wounds received at Dallas. Martin McGuire, killed at Dallas, M.ay 25, 1864. Stephen Rickey, died at Summit House, Md., Deo. 22, 1862. 126 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Oscar M. Root, died at Louisville, Ky., Aug. 24, 1864, from wounds received at Dallas. Van Buren Stage, died at Harper's Ferry, Oct. l.S, 1862. Charles J. Terwilliger, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Oct. 15, 1862. Frederick Lostensen, died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 28, 1864, from accidental wounds. Louis N. Vreel.and, killed at Dallas. Levi B. V.an Gelder, died at Nashville, Tcnn., July 29, 1S64, from wounds received at Dallas. Compaiiif C. Jeremiah B. Wood, sergeant, Dallas, Ga., May 30, 1864. William K. Christler, corporal, killed at Averysboro*, N. C, March 17, 1864. John McCarrick, Atlanta, Ga.. Oct. 11, 1864. David Able, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 29, 1862. Andrew Brockway, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Oscar F. Bradley, Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 15, 1864. Archilest Campbell, Atlanta, Oct. 25, 1864. George Compton, Hope Landing, Va., March 3, 1863. Michael Crampton, New York, March 19, 1864. Patrick Dore, killed at Atlanta, Aug. 11, 1864. Clement Drehcr, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Louis Matthias, Newbern, N. C, May 25, 1864, of wounds received at Averysboro'. Clark Richardson, Aquia, Va., May 8, 1863, of wounds received at Chancellorsville. William Parks, Aquia Bay, March 17, 1863. Francis S. Steinbeck, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. William Williams, killed at Rockingham, N. C, March 8, 1864. Caii}/ D. William E. Van Auken, sergeant, killed at Dalbis, May 25, 1864. Ford, sergeant, killed at Dallas, iMay 25, 1864. Be.ach Beardsley, corporal, Fairfa.\ Seminary, Va., Aug. 11, 1863. William J. Personius, sergeant, Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864. Henry Armstrong, mortally wounded at the battle of Dallas, May 25, 1864, and died same day. Patrick Callahan. Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862, of wounds received in battle. M. Dayton, Harper's Ferry, Va., Oct. 28, 1862. Nathaniel Finch, Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 27, 1862. Isaac N. Lobdell, David's Island, N. Y., April 29, 1865. Isaac Slawson, Richmond, Va., Feb. 18, 1863, prisoner. Compinii/ E. Guy C. Adams, sergeant, killed on skirmish line, at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 3, 1864. Peter C. Compton, sergeant, died June 30, 1864, of wounds received at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Daniel B. Scott, corporal, mortally wounded on skirmish line, Aug. 17, 1864; died on the following d.ay. William Dickinson, corporal, killed at Rockingham, N. C, March 8, 1865. Martin Bloss, corporal, Louisville, Ky., Dec. 16, 1864, of wounds re- ceived at Pine Knob. Charles Wiilover, corporal, Har]>er's Ferry, Va., Oct. 26, 1862. Erastus Busking, date and place not given. William Church, Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 2, 1862. AVilliam Cooper, Harper's Ferry, Va., April 11, 1864. Stephen Corwin, killed at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 3, 1864. Joseph V. Hoyt, wounded at Atlanta, Ga. ; died Jiily 30, 1864. Josiah ILand, Wilmington, Del., Nov. 7, 1862. John Lalor, Hope Landing, Va., Feb. 21, 1863. William Ladow, Chattanooga, Tenn., Jan. 1, 1864. Elias Raiker, wounded at Averysboro'; died March 19, 1865. Edward Sherman, Harper's Ferry, Va., Nov. 8, 1862. Andrew Van Camp, Harper's Ferry, Va., Nov. 3, 1862. CoiUJHtJil/ F. Capt. John F. Kno.x, Kingston, Ga., in May, 1864, of wounds re- ceived at Dallas. Lieut. John D. Hill, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Sergt. Amos Rogers, Harper's Ferry, Va., Oct. 7, 1862. Daniel F. Hathaway, Nov. 3, 1862. David Latonrette, Sept. 18, 1864. Henry B. Aldrich, Nov. 16, 1862. Enos P. Barnes, Nov. 16, 1862. John Brewer, Feb. 6, 1863. Daniel Cummings, March 31, 1863. Wm. H. Hatch, killed at Chancellorsville. Va., May 3, 1863. James B. Jones, June 5, 1864. of wounds received at Dallas. Albert A. Johnson, June 1, 1864, of wounds received at Dallas. Theophilus Krnmloff, Feb. 18, 1863. James Kelly, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Abraham Miller, Oct. 16, 1862. David B. Moranville, March 28, 1863. Samuel Miller, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. James D. Molson, wounded at Dallas : died May 25, 1864. Fred'k Mellcn, Oct. 7, 1864. James B. Neliis, Sept. 7, 1864, of wounds received at Dallas. Edwin M. Reynolds, Nov. 21, 1862. Gilbert C. Sticklee, Oct. 1, 1862. David Siraonson, killed at Kenesaw, Ga., June 16, 1864. James B. Taft, wounded at Dallas; died June 9, 1864. Parley S. White, Nov. 2, 1862. Fred'k W. Wagner, June 10, 1863. A. D. Watson, March 5, 1863. Wm. H. Young, wounded at Dallas ; died May 26, 1864. Companif G. Samuel Kinney, sergeant, wounded: died at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 17, 1864. Horace Hotchkiss, sergeant, killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. John E. Stratton, killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Adam Tomer, killed at Dallas. May 25, 1864. Albert V. Borden, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 25, 1862. J. H. Greek, Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 17, 1865. T. M. Aederman, killed at Dalltis, May 25, 1864. Abram Denniston, Washington, D. 0., Feb. 6, 1863. Edward Dickinson, Nashville, Tenn., July 20, 1864. Wm. L. Everitt, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Alonzo Johnson, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Wm. Jackson, died from wounds received at Dallas, May 25, 1864. John Kallaher, killed at .Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. James W. Lovell, Hope Landing, Va., May 7, 1863. Walter B. Long, killed .at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Edmond Lewis, Tullahoma, Tenn., April 24, 1864. James McCullough, Hope Landing, Va., March 1, 1863. Fayette McCarty, Bell Buckle, Tenn., April IS, 1864. John Morgan, killed at .\verysboro', N. C, March 16, 1865. Eleazer J. Mowers, killed at Atlanta, Ga.. Aug. 17, 1864. Nelson A. Robinson, Smoketown, Md., Deo. 13, 1862. Jesse E. Stevens, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. D.avid B. Sanford, killed at Dallaii, May 25, 1861. Jonathan E. Smith, Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 18, 1864. E. Taylor, Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 10, 1864. Francis Wheaton, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 10, 1862. James Wilco.K, Chattanooga, Tenn., June 30, 1864. John Morrell, Division Hospital, Aug. 19, 1864. Compantf H. Benjamin Force, sergeant, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Nathan F. Dykeman, sergeant, Washington, D. C, May 29, 1865 ; killed by cars. Joseph Couse, Maryland Heights, Oct. 1, 1862. Edwin W. Shaw, Hope Landing, Va., April 2.3, 1863. John R. Ackcrly, Hope Landing, Va., Feb. 25, 1863. Anthony Boyce, killed at Culp's Farm, Va., June 22, 1864. Cyrus J. Covin, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Myron Couch, killed at Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864. Geo. W. Cutler, Hope Landing, Va., March 5, 1863. Andrew Dewitt, Hope Landing, Va., April 5, 1863. M. S. Dawson, died at Frederick City, Md., Oct. 1, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam. Jason J. Youraans, Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 8, 1864, of wounds re- ceived at Dallas. Stephen Edwards, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 15, 1865. John Griffith, Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 21, 1864, of wounds received at Atlanta. HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 127 Hiram L. Ilawley, Kcnesaw, Va., July 1, 1864. Isaac Middleton, killed at Atlanta, July 2L', 1864. Johnson B. Margeson, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1S64. Charles Mathews, Harper's Ferry, A'^a., Oct. 13, 1862. Hiram Paddock, Hope Landing, Va., March 2, 1863. Dewayne Patterson, Washington, D. C, Jan. 22, 1863. Daniel A. Stewart, Baltimore, Sept. 13, 1863. John D. M. Van Vleet, Chattanooga, Tenn., June 24, 1864, of wounds received at Dallas. Ethan Worden, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 22, 1862. Vtniipuity I. Nat E. Rutler, captain, killed at Chancellorsville, May 1, 1863. Geo. W. Bragg, sergeant, killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 26, 1864. Gideon Belman, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 22, 1862. Calvin Burlinghaine, Hope Landing, Va., Feb. 2, 1863. Daniel F. Corwin, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Levi Carpenter, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. John J. Decker, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. John Dougherty, killed at Atlanta, Aug. 5, 1S64, Albert N. Jaynes, Frederick, Md., Feb. 11, 1863. Samuel Johnson, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 30, 1862. Elias Newberry, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. John Powell, New Albany, Ind., Aug. 31, 1864. Alfred S. Walters, Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 29, 1865. Company K. 0. W. Marey, sergeant, killed at Dallas. May 25, 1864. . Eugene Q. Thatcher, sergeant, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Alman W. Burrell. sergeant, Philadelphia, June 6. 1863. Austin Lockwood. Nashville. Aug. 5, 1864. Chas. Alden, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Henry Brewer, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 16, 1864, Patrick Brauman, drowned near Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 6, 1864. E. J. Coleman, Wilmington, March 30, 1865. G. S. Cone, Aquia Bay, March 12, 1863. Philander Dowley, Murfreesboro', Tenn., March 14, 1864. James Fuller, Aquia Bay, Feb. 17, 1863. Simeon M. Goff, Chattanooga, Sept. 17, 1864. Eugene E. Howe, killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Wm. H. Horton, killed at Dallas, May 25, 1864. William Harrison, Dalton, Ga., Feb. 18, 1864. C. L. Johnson, Annapolis, Md., March 12, 1865. Wm. R. Kelley, Harper's Ferry, Oct. 9, 1862. Lewis Knickerbocker, .4quia Bay, Va., March 19, 1863. Theo. F. Morris, killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Jerome B. Newton, killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Adin Orrasby, Covington, Ky., May 18, 1864. John W. Ryan, Harper's Ferry, Va., Oct. 9, 1862. Henry H. Rasco, Aquia Bay, Va., May 12, 1863. Chas. H. Storms, Chattanooga, June 19, 1864. Martin Sage, Maryland Heights, Oct. 4, 1862. John Van Dyke, New York, Sept. 10, 1863, from wounds received at Gettysburg. UEr.\PlTl-L.\TION. Field and staff. 2 Co. A 14 " B ;: 18 " C 16 " D 10 " E 17 " F 28 " G 28 " H 23 " 1 13 " K 26 Total 195 Died of wounds or killed 88 " disease 107 CHAPTER XXVI. MILITARY HISTORY-(Continued). The One Hundred and Forty-First — The One Hundred and Sixty- First. THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIRST. The 141st Regiment New York Volunteers was organ- ized at Elmira during August, 1862. At the time, by the disasters of the Pcninsuhi, it became needful to raise addi- tional troops to beat back the defiant legions of the South, who were bent, on account of their successes, upon a gen- eral invasion of the North. The want of troops was so imminent that two full regiments were raised in a short time from this congressional district. The 107th was the first to perfect its organization, and the 141st soon followed suit. Col. S. G. Hathaway was selected from the first to be its colonel, and he added his powerful and eflBcient in- fluence to hasten its organization. The maximum number of men were recruited before the last day of August, but the regiment was not ordered to the front until Sept. 15, 1862. After reaching Washington, D. C, it went into camp at Laurel, Md., to do guard duty on the railroad between Baltimore and Washington, and construct military fortifications in the vicinity of Laurel. It was relieved November 24 of the same year and ordered to Miner's Hill, Va., and joined Gen. Cowden's Brigade, of Aber- crombie's Division, in the defenses of Washington. Here it took its first lesson in picket duty, and perfected itself in warlike discipline and defense. The roster of the oflBcers of the regiment at that time was as follows : Colonel, Samuel G. Hathaway, Jr. ; Lieu- tenant-Colonel, James C. Beecher ; Major, John W. Dininny ; Adjutant, Robert M. McDowell ; Surgeon, Joseph W. Robinson ; Assistant Surgeons, 0. S. Green- man, M. T. Babcock. Company A. — Captain, Charles W. Clauharty ; First Lieutenant, William P. Ross ; Second Lieutenant, John Strawbridge. Gompany B. — Captain, Andrew D. Compton ; First Lieutenant, Stephen F. Griflith ; Second Lieutenant, Robert F. Hedges. Company C — Captain, Elisha G. Baldwin ; First Lieu- tenant, James McMillan ; Second Lieutenant, Robert F. Stewart. Company D. — Captain, Charles A. Fuller; First Lieu- tenant, William Merrill ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph Town- send. Company E. — Captain, William K. Logie ; First Lieu- tenant, John A. Shultz ; Second Lieutenant, E. J. Belding. Company F. — Captain, Andrew J. Rnssell ; First Lieu- tenant, John Barton ; Second Lieutenant, Wm. L. Collins. Company G. — Captain, Daniel N. Aldrich ; First Lieu- tenant, John W. Hammond; Second Lieutenant, John H. Rowley. Company H. — Captain, William A. Bronson ; First Lieutenant, Stephen S. Roscoe ; Second Lieutenant, James W. Smith. Company I. — Captain, E. L. Patrick ; First Lieutenant, R. A. Hall ; Second Lieutenant, George Tubbs. 128 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUiNTY, NEW YORK. Company K. — Captain, Wilbur F. Tuttle; First Lieu- tenant, George E. Whiton ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph A. Frisbie. Companies A and B were organized in Schuyler County; Companies C, I, and K in Chemung County ; Companies D, E, F, G, and H in Steuben County. Feb. 12, 1863, the regiment moved from Miner's Hill to Arlington Heights. At this time Col. Hathaway and Lieut. - Col. Beecher resigned their respective positions. Maj. Dininny was promoted to the colonelcy. Capt. Wm. K. Logic, Company E, was advanced to be lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. E. L. Patrick, Company I, to be major. April 15 the division broke camp, and was sent to Suffolk, Va., to the department then commanded by ex-Governor John A. Dix. That vicinity was soon relieved of the presence of the enemy, and the regiment was not engaged in any general battle. May 3 it was ordered back, via Portress Monroe, to West Point, up York River, at the confluence of the Mattapony and Pamunkey Rivers. Gen. Gordon now assumed command of the division, numbering eight thousand men, consisting of infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The regiment tarried three weeks, and engaged in building rifle-pits and fortifications until the command was suddenly ordered back to Yorktown. While here Col. Dininny resigned his commission, and Lieut.- Col. Logic was promoted to the vacant place, Maj. Patrick to the lieutenant-colonelcy, and Capt. Chas. W. Clauharty, Company A, senior captain, whose just rights had been hitherto ignored, was advanced to the majorship. On the 9th of June the regiment took up the march to Williams- burg. The weather on thi.s march was exceedingly hot and dry, and the men sufl^ered extremely from excessive heat and thirst. June 11 the march was resumed, reaching Diascund Bridge June 13, where it remained, far in advance of the rest of the troops, in a low, marshy, and unhealthy locality, and the duty was constant, onerous, and harassing. At this point the regiment had its first brush with the enemy, David McCann (Capt. McDowell's company) being the first victim to the rebel bullets. On June 26 the regiment resumed its march to White House Landing, and joined Gen. Dix's whole command, numbering some thirty thousand, on an expedition towards Richmond, — which should have been captured at that time, while Gen. Lee and very nearly his entire armies were invading Maryland and Southern Pennsylvania. Gordon's Division advanced as far as Bottom Bridge, only twelve or fifteen miles from Richmond, skirmishing frequently and getting a healthy practical experience of shot and shell. Engagements were frequent between the pickets, but no general battle took place until the 8th of July, when orders were received to abandon the expedition, and the troops were transferred to the Army of the Potomac. For four or five months the bill of fare served up partook of so much sameness that the regiment suffered extremely in general health. Their staple diet, as well as luxuries, consisted of hard-tack, bacon, and coffee, served up ad infinitum, with no ringing of the changes. July 8 it took up the line of march to Williamsburg. The severity of the Peninsular campaign was now apparent in the hard marches made, which were the immediate causes of more sickness and death in the 141st than was subsequently experienced. Rain fell in torrents for days ; and in one day twenty-seven miles were gained through mud and rain, to find a watery couch at night. The weather was so hot that the men's feet were scalded in their wet shoes and stockings. Hun- dreds went into Yorktown barefooted and feet blistering sore ; but there could be no delay, — it was laid out to cap- ture Lee in Maryland. The regiment left the place by transport, and proceeded direct to Frederick City, Md., ariving there July 14. The same night the whole Confed- erate army made a safe retreat across the Potomac. Gor- don's Division was now disbanded and the troops trans- ferred to the 11th and 12th Corps. The 141st was consigned to the 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 11th Corps; Gen. Howard commanding the corps, Carl Schurz the division, and Col. Krzyzanowski the brigade. The regiment joined the corps at Berlin, Md , after three days' march from Frederick City. July IK it crossed the Potomac, and arrived at Warrington Junction the 2.5th. It remained in this locality for some time, marching, coun- termarching, changing camp, and drilling until September 24, when the order came to move. The 11th and 12th Corps, under the command of Gens. Howard and Slocum, both under the command of Maj. -Gen. Joe Hooker, were transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, then in Ten- nessee. The regiment arrived at Bridgeport, Ala., October 2, and went into camp on the banks of the Tennessee River, having traveled in eight days about fourteen hundred miles. Rosecrans was then shut up in Chattanooga on short ra- tions, — transportation being fifty miles around by wagons, while by the railroad through Chattanooga Valley it was only twenty-eight miles, — the enemy holding the road and threatening beleaguered Chattanooga from the heights of Lookout Mountain. The gallant Hooker took the job to open this valley, which was accomplished in just forty-eight hours, ending with the famous moonlight " Battle of Wau- hatchie" on the night of October 28. This opened the railroad nearly to Chattanooga, and the Army of the Cum- berland " dubbed" Hooker's men as " Cracker Boys," as it had not seen but one cracker per day for a month, until Hooker's men supplied their haversacks from their own. The 141st took part in the above action, which was fought on our side entirely by Eastern troops. Wauhatchie is about five miles from Chattanooga, at the base of Lookout Mountain. The regiment participated in the glorious battle of Lookout Mountain, or the " Battle above the Clouds," where Hooker and the 11th and 12th Corps won immortal glory. In the mean time Gen. Grant had taken command at Chat- tanooga. After the pursuit of the enemy for two days, the 11th and 15th Corps were headed for Knoxville, where Longstreet was making a threatening siege ; but upon the approach of Sherman and Howard with their brave troops, he beat a hasty retreat over the Virginia line for safety. This ended the march in that direction, and the regiment returned to its old camp at the base of Lookout Mountain, having in twenty-four days marched in mud and rain about three hundred miles. It remained in winter quarters until Jan. 24, 18G4, when the 2d Brigade was ordered to Shell Mound, twenty-two miles from Chattanooga and six from HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 129 Bridgeport, Ala., where it remained doing the usual picket duty, drilling, etc., until the 2d day of May, when it joined the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 2()th Corp.s, — the 11th and 12th having been con.solidated, forming the 20th, — under the command of Gen. Hooker, and immediately in conjunc- tion with the armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio, made for Ringgold to attack the enemy, under com- mand of Joe Johnston. The battle of Resaca followed that of Ringgold, in which the regiment lost ninety-five men in killed and wounded. Lieut. Barber, universally respected as a Christian, and a courteou.s and brave oflficer, fell in- stantly killed ; and several officers were wounded.' and a number of non-commissioned officers and privates were killed and wounded. The 141,st also fought gallantly at Dallas, Pine Mountain, and at Peach-Tree Creek, — the latter being the opening siege of Atlanta, where Col. Logic and Lieuts. Warren and Babbitt were killed. Lieut. -Col. A. J. McNett (who had been appointed to the position late in the December previous, in place of Lieut. -Col. Patrick, resigned) lost his right arm. Maj. Clauharty, Adj. Hazard, and Lieut. Shapper were severely wounded ; Capt. Towns- end and Lieut. Willor were slightly wounded. Half the regiment was disabled, but stood its ground nobly under Capt. Baldwin, who succeeded to the immediate command of the regiment during the slaughter of its officers and men, and victory continued to perch on their banners. More fighting was at hand, and Atlanta fell September 2. The 20th Corps, having previously fldlen back to the Chatta- hoochie, as a feint to the enemy and to cover the rear of the Union army, was the first to enter Atlanta. Lieut.-Col. McNett was promoted to be colonel ; Maj. Clauharty, lieutenant-colonel ; Capt. Baldwin, major ; Adjt. Hazard, captain ; Lieut. Grey, adjutant ; and four months previous, Capt. Robert M. IMcDowell was appointed by Gen. Hooker chief topographical engineer of the 20th Corps, on his staff. Soon after Sherman's "march to the sea" was beeun. and, after about a six weeks' campaign, entered the city of Sa- vannah, Dec. 21, 186-1. Jan. 17, 1865, leaving Savannah, Sherman's resistless legions swept northward through the Carolinas towards Virginia, constantly engaged in skir- mishing with the enemy, but in no general engagements until, the 17th and 19th of March, the battles of Averys- boro' and Bentonville were fought. Here, amid swamps and under every discouragement, the noble old l-tlst gained its last glory in severe battles ; and in its last campaign marched over five hundred miles, at the most inclement season of the year. After Johnson's surrender the march was taken home- ward from Raleigh, N. C, to Alexandria and Washington, and. May 24, participated in the great review in Washing- ton, and soon after was mustered out of service. The regiment reached home June 13, 1865. It was met at the depot by the committee of arrangements, who escorted it to the William Street Hospital, where, with the 137th Regiment, which arrived on the same train, they were furnished with a comfortable breakfast at the hands of a corps of ladies, who had worked assiduously all night to get the entertainment ready by the time of their arrival. After heartily discussing their meal, both regiments were 17 marched to Camp Chemung, where permission had been previously obtained for them to pitch their tents. In a .short time after reaching the ground, back of the encamp- ment of the 19th Regiment, tents were struck and every- thing was got in readiness for a good rest after their weari- some marches and long ride. During the day the 141st was visited by a host of friends and acquaintances who were eager to welcome back the re- maining veterans, the heroes of desperate battles and victo- rious campaigns. The regiment was given a distinguished reception and dinner, and a beautiful address of welcome was delivered by Hon. Stephen McDonald, in Wisner Park. Below we give the roster of officers. The regiment numbered three hundred and eighty men when mustered out. From first to last the regiment had enlisted about twelve hundred men. Lieutenant-Colonel, A. J. McNett, promoted to colonel, not mustered ; Major, Charles W. Clauharty, promoted to lieutenant-colonel, not mustered; Adjutant, George E. Gray ; Quartermaster, E. Belding ; Surgeon, G. S. Beaks ; Assistant Surgeon, 0. S. Greenman ; Assistant Surgeon, M. T. Babcociv. Cmnpany A. — Captain, W. P. Ross; First Lieutenant, C. E. Coryell ; Second Lieutenant, . Company B. — Captain, W. H. Bradford ; First Lieu- tenant, J. F. Carroll ; Second Lieutenant, . Company C. — Captain, E. G. Baldwin, promoted to major, not mustered ; First Lieutenant, Jud Griswold ; Second Lieutenant, . Company D. — Captain, W. Merrill ; First Lieutenant, C. Osmun ; Second Lieutenant, C. H. Freeman. Company E. — Captain, Archie Baxter. Company F. — Captain, A. J. Russell ; First Lieutenant, M. V. Sherwood; Second Lieutenant, L. B. Scott. Company G. — Captain, P. C. Mitchell ; First Lieuten- ant, M. G. Shappee ; Second Lieutenant, . Company H. — Captain, George Tubbs ; First Lieuten- ant, F. C. Willor ; Second Lieutenant, A. Stewart. Company /.—Captain, R. M. McDowell, brevetted Major United States Volunteers; First Lieutenant, J. B. Rathbone ; Second Lieutenant, William M. Ware. Company K. — Captain, G. L. Whiton ; First Lieuten- ant, M. J. Hogarth ; Second Lieutenant, George W. Rogers; Second Lieutenant, William H. Brown, not assigned. The following is a list of the killed, and also of those who died of disease or wounds, in the 141st Regiment, taken from its muster-out rolls in the office of the Adju- tant-General at Albany : C'tmpatit/ A, Charles F. Babbit, died of wounds, July 21, 1864. James C. Burtt, died of wounds, July 26, 1864. William W. Koons, died of wounds, Aug. 4, 1864. Curtis J. Chanibeilin, died Nov. 23, 1863. Hiram H. Piatt, died May 9, 1864. Asa Bullard, killed July 20, 1864. Chester K. Chapman, died Dec. 6, 1363. Delos DimicU, died July 9, 1864. George Dalrymplc, died Nov. 14, 1863. Jackson Dickens, died June 1, 1863. Henry B. Griffin, killed May 15, 1S64. 130 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Osoiir C. Griffin, killed May 25, 1864. Franklin C. Grant, died of wounds, Nov. 10, 1863. John Hager, killed May 15, 1861, Horace W. Hart, died July 14, 1863. David McClary, died Nov. 14, 1864. Stephen Mead, died of wounds, July 30, 1864. Henry Miller, killed accidentally, Dec. 5, 1863. Daniel C. Norris, died June 6, 1863. Denet C. Prunnell, died Nov. 2, 1862. Francis L. Royce, died June 29, 1863. William W. Sutton, died July 2, 1863. Charles D. Van Vleit, died April 13, 1863. Irvin Wetherell, died April 13, 1853. Cniiipavy B. George P. McCoy, died Oct. 13, 1862. James 0. Murray, died Jan. 25, 1863. Henry S. Wood, died Aug. 16, 1863. Andrew Archibald, died Aug. 5, 1863. Louis Clark, died Dec. 5, 1863. Ira B. Cooper, died March 9, 1864. Gideon Ellis, died March 3, 1861. William Francisco, died Jan. 31, 1864. Isaiah Forrest, died Oct. 10, 1864. Artemus F. Green, died Dec. 11, 1863. Eaton Jones, died Dec. 29, 1864. John Looney, died Aug. 20, 1863. Jackson McDon.-ild, died May 18, 1864. Henry B. Palmer, died March 13, 1863. William Powell, died March 19, 1864. Edwin Libolt, died Jan. 24, 1863. Philetus Stoll, died Nov. 4, 1863. George W. Scott, died April 20, 1864. Myron E. Triphagcn, died Oct. 29, 1863. Wellington C. Uurd, died Oct, 19, 1863. Mark B. Wakeman, dield. D. Darrin. Wm. Stradella. J. S. Lyon. Stephen Lewis. W. R. Smith. James AVhittenhall. Henry .Sherwood. Z. Lewis Webb. H. W. Rathbone. .lohn W. Dininny. K. H. Ames. R. P. Brown. H. J. Fonda. " This is to certify that I, Robert N. Parke, Rector of the Episco- ])al t-'hurch in Addison, above mentioned, do receive and recognize those persons whose names are herein recorded as belonging to the church now under my charge. '* Robkrt N. P.\rke, "Addison, March 20, 1854." On the 3Uth of June, 1858, a subscription was started for the purpose of raising money to build a church edifice. The building was finished, and consecrated by Rt. Rev. William H. De Laucey, Bishop of the Diocese of Western New York, on the 5th of April, 1860, with every dollar of indebtedness paid. It is furnished with an organ and bell, and with every comfort and convenience for the wor- shipers and for the vestry and other meetings of the parish. The cliurch now numbers 88 communicants, 48 families, and 55 in the Sunday-school. The rectors who have officiated in the church since its organization are as follows : Rev. Robert N. Parke, about four years ; Rev. A. R. Van Antwerp, about two years ; Rev. De Witt C. Loop, about two years; Rev. Albert Wood, about eight years ; Rev. F. F. Rice, the present rector, since 1871. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUUCH, ADDISON. Religious services were held in a school-house below where the academy now stands, and near Mr. Montgomery's house, forty-two years ago. On Wednesday evening, Sept. 3, 1835, a meeting was held at that school-house, and the Second Methodist Epis- copal Church of Addison was duly organized. Rev. Thomas Wheat and Mr. Henry Wombough were chairmen of that meeting ; Erastus Brooks was secretary. Thomas Wheat, Samuel Miles, James Turk, James Allen, Henry Wombough, John Thompson, Amos Carr, Llewellyn A. Jones, and Jerathmeel Powers were elected trustees of the society. Two days after, the board met, organized, and appointed two committees ; one to select a site for a church, the other to prepare and circulate a subscription paper. No church edifice of the society, however, was erected till 1841, as the Methodists co-operated with the Presbyterian society in the erection of their church and for several years used it in common. On the evening of Nov. 24, 1841, another meeting for organization was held in the red school-house. The first Methodist Episcopal society of Addison was legally organ- ized. Rev. Jerathmeel Powers and Rev. R. T. Hancock were chairmen. Israel B. Persons was secretary. James H. Miles, Warren Starkey, James Turk, Myron S. Curtis, Israel B. Persons, John Thompson, Russel Root, Jr., Elnathan G. Brown, and Vincent B. Hathaway were elec- ted trustees. This meeting took immediate action towards building a church. Five years afterwards, while Samuel Nichols was pastor, M. S. Curtis, David Turk, Wm. Price, and Vincent B. Hathaway, trustees. Ensign Allen put up the frame to a church building on a lot above where Mr. H. Ross Jones' house now stands. Three years after that the congregation (having occupied the basement during that time), occupied the audience-room of the churcii. After a struggle of fourteen years Methodism was anchored in Addi- son. Then followed a quarter of a century of uninterrupted church life, — a period of blessing and of trial. Then came the fire and swept away the church building, which had been built by struggle, sacrifice, and prayer. The next period of Methodist history begins with the dedication of a new brick church, on April 21, 1876. This church was built during the pastorate of D. D. Cook. John Mitchel, John Orr, L. D. Coburn, P. W. Orr, Geo. Crane, trustees. It is a substantial structure, tasteful in its design, and convenient for general church work. Its total cost was $14,000. To some it seemed unwise to build a building of its style and cost, but as time goes by the wisdom of the counsels which finally prevailed will become more apparent. It was an act of faith which the Great Head of the Church will bless. Since the pastorate of Rev. D. D. Cook in 1875-76, Rev. E. E. Millspaugh, Rev. Canfield, and Rev. • have served successivel}' as pastors. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OP ADDISON. The First Baptist Church of Addison was organized May 6, 1869, under the missionary labors of Rev. C. W. Brooks. Rev. S. D. Merrick, the first pastor, settled over the church in October, 1869, and remained four years and a half During his pastorate the present house of worship was built, known as the Baptist Chapel. When became here thechurch numbered about 30 members ; when he left, it numbered 130, I TOWN OF ADDISON. 145 and the churcli property was valued at $7500. At the nri;an- ization the following persons united : Rev. George Crocker, Rev. Charles W. Brooks, Mrs. Elsie A. Brooks, Miss Anna Thurston, George W. Whitehead, Mrs. Julia A. Whitehead, D. C. Daniels, Jane Daniels, Kate Daniels, George I. True, Daniel J. Chittenden, Elizabeth G. Chittenden, I. G. Balcom, John C. Shutts, Jesse G. Wooster, Doratha Darrin, Jane Stephens. Deacons, Daniel J. Chittenden and Je.sse G. Wooster ; Cleric, Daniel J. Chittenden. The pastors have been Rev. S. D. Merrick, Rev. E. M. Blanchard, and Rev. P. Reynolds. The latter resigned in May, 1878, and the church at this writing (September, 1878) is without a settled pastor. Present member.ship, 108 ; Sunday-school, 80 ; C. W. Sackett, Superintendent. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. St. Catharine's Church, of Addison, was organized or built in 1854, by Rev. Father Cunningham, the pastor of St. Mary's, Corning, who had charge of it and several other missions in Steuben and Chemung Counties ; visiting and holding services most generally once a month, until the community was able to purchase and build the present frame building known as the above church. Since then St. Catharine's Church was variously attended from different missions, until the Rev. Father Bradley assumed pastoral charge of the mission and became its first resident pastor in 1866. He continued as such till 1873, when Rev. J. Brady, its present pastor, assumed charge. Its present membership numbers 140 families. The church since then has undergone various repairs and addi- tional improvements, according to the wants or growtli of the community. It stands in a very prominent place, and is one of the chief attractions of the public square. It is built in a plain style of architecture, and can seat about 350 persons comfortably. ADDISON ACADEMY. In December, 1847, Henry Wombough, Rufus Baldwin, Joel D. Gillet, Elihu Whittenhall, Erastus Brooks, Orange Seymour, William H. Gray, Bradley Blakslee, William Bradley, James Baldwin, William R. Smith, and Arthur Erwin purchased four acres of land north of the village of Addison as a site for an academy, and the next summer built an academy building at an expense of about $3600. A flourishing school was organized and continued until the building was destroyed by fire in October, 1856. Subsequently an association of 12 citizens established a private academic school, in a brick dwelling-house now owned and occupied by the Methodist Church as a parson- age. This school was well supported by many of the chief citizens of the place, and continued till the organization of the Union Free Academy in connection with the public- school system of the village. UNION FREE SCHOOL, DISTRICT NO. 1. This district was organized in March, 1868. The first board of education consisted of the following-named per- son.s : Jesse K. Strock, John F. Turner, George Farnham, John W. Dininny, James M. Wood, John Mitchell, David Darrin, Henry S. Jones, William A. Smith. 19 The board held their first meeting March 28, 1868, at which John W. Dininny was chosen President; J. M. Wood, Treasurer ; C. J. Reynolds, Collector. The follow- ing resolution was adopted : " litisolved, That the Board of Education of the Union School of Addison deem it necessary for the interest and requirements of said Union School to establish an academic department therein ; and we therefore resolve hereby to establish and maintain said academic de- partment." In accordance with this resolution the academic school was established, and has since been continued, subject to the visitation of the Regents of the State University, and receiving its proportion of the literature fund. In 1873-74, the number of students in the academic department was 64, — 18 males and 46 females. In 1874-75, the number was 64, — 22 males and 42 females. The course of study includes the usual branches taught in academies. ST.\TISTICS, 1878. Number of children of school age in the district 506 Number in attendance 386 Number of days' attendance 41,879 Teachers in all the departments 7 Assessed value of taxable property $500,284 Value of .school site Sl,50{) Value of school building $11,000 Amount expended for school purposes $.3,751.69 Principal, E. L. Richardson, A.M. ; Board of Educa- tion, 1878, — President, John W. Dininny ; Clerk, D. M. Darrin ; Trustees, Henry Baldwin, H. K. Ainsworth, D. B. Winton, John Orr, George Farnham, Lorin Aldrich, John Mitchell, Daniel K. Hickey, John W. Dininny. BURYING-GROUNDS. The first burying-ground was laid out in 1808. It was located on the south side, on lands belonging to William Wombough. No conveyance was ever made of lots, but the proprietor allowed the citizens to bury upon it, and burials were made here from the earliest settlement, except in the Baldwin family burying about a mile west of the village. In 1845, Joel D. Gillet, Elihu Whittenhall, and William R. Smith contracted for a lot for a cemetery a short dis- tance below the village, upon which Addison Cemetery was laid out. It was deeded to the trustees of the Presbyterian Church of Addison by Solomon Curtis, March 1, 1850. The first interment was that of the remains of Lucy J., first wife of Joel D. Gillet, in the fall of 1846. The trustees of the Presbyterian Church have conveyed the cemetery to the village corporation. MASONIC. Addison Union Lodge, No. 118, was chartered June 4, 1847. Dr. Bradley Blakslee was elected and installed as the first Master, and held the office twelve consecutive years. Officers for 1879, W. A. Bartlett, W. M. ; E. S. Mead, S. W. ; E. Kinne, J. W. ; Wm. Stacy, Treas. ; M. Kinne, Sec. ; M. Curtis, S. D. ; R. B. Wilcox, J. D. ; J. L. Wom- bough, S. M. C. ; Dr. Rush P. Brown, J. M. C. ; Dr. B. Blakslee, Chaplain; J. V. Myers, Tyler; S. B. Borden, Organist; C. H. Wombough, Marshal. 146 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Addison Chapter, No. 14G, was chartered Feb. 9, 1854, Charter Council, Dr. Bradley Blakslee, High Priest ; Z. Lewis Webb, Kiog ; Abram Dudley, Scribe. Dr. Bradley Blakslee is one of the oldest, if not the oldest. Mason in Steuben County. He was made a Ma.son by Hiram Lodge, of Auburn, N. Y., on the 17th or 18th of November, 1815, and has consequently been a member of the fraternity over sixty-three years. He afterwards organized Lafayette Lodge at Otego, N. Y., and was Master of the same during the trying times of the Morgan excite- ment. He was instrumental in founding both lodges in this village, of which he still remains an honored member. ODD-FELLOWSHIP. Canisteo Lodge, No. 345, /. 0. 0. /'.—The first lodge instituted in Addison was Lodge No. 285, in the spring of 1847. The charter members were E. J. Horn, H. Ross Jones, William A. Baldwin, Henry S. Jones, Charles E. Gillet. E. J. Horn was elected the first Noble Grand. The other officers cannot be ascertained, as the archives of the old lodge were destroyed by fire. On the 19th of February, 1873, the lodge was reorganized as Canisteo Lodge, No. 345. The ceremonies were conducted by D. D. G. M. Charles Horton, of Hornellsville, who occu- pied the chair, assisted by D. D. G. M. J. W. Stoddard, of Allegany District, D. D. G. M. D. S. Powers, of Corning, and D. D. G. M. A. F. Lawrence, of Genesee District. Corning were largely represented, as were also Elmira, Hornellsville, and Watkins. The charter members of the lodge were H. S. Jones, W. R. Hunter, J. V. Graham, E. J. Horn, E. B. Murray, F. P. Cook, and D. Phillips, who were duly obligated, and the formation of a working lodge proceeded with. The following officers were elected and duly installed : E. J. Horn, N. G. ; W. R. Hunter, V. G. ; J. H. Goodby, Sec. ; J. V. Graham, Treas. ; H. R. Jones, R. S. N. G. ; A. R. Cooper, L. S. N. G. ; F. F. Cook, Warden ; E. B. Murray, Conductor ; W. J. Schermerhorn, R. S. S. ; R. S. Woodburn, L. S. S. ; J. V. Myers, 0. G. ; H. P. Lamoreaux, L G.; D. J. Chittenden, R. S. V. G . ; G. W. Davidson, L. S. V. G. A number of Ancients were admitted to membership, eight new members initiated, and the new lodge bids fair for a useful and prosperous career. It meets at Masonic Hall Monday evenings until further notice. Ancient Order United Worlcmen. — A lodge of Ancient Order of United Workmen was organized in this village on Thursday evening, Sept. 14, 1876, with 21 charter mem- bers. It is known as Eureka Lodge. The following offi- cers were elected and installed : Dr. Rush P. Brown, M. W. ; Arthur H. Erwin, G. F. ; Laurin B. Drake, Overseer; James H. Goodby, P. M. W. ; M. Kinne, Recorder ; F. C. Taber, Financier ; C. D. Hill, Receiver ; C. D. Cady, I. W. ; Charles Whitmore, 0. W. ; W. T. Price, Arthur P. Hill, John V. Richy, Trustees. BANKS. ADDISON BANK, LATTIMER & WINTON, BANKERS. This bank was originally a chartered institution, estab- lished by William R. Smith and Charles H. Henderson in 1856, William R.Smith President and Charles H. Hender- son Cashier. About 1861 they surrendered their charter and Mr. Henderson succeeded to the business. The present proprietors pureha.sed his interest and building on the north side of the river in 1867. In 1873 they erected their present fine fire-proof building on Tuscarora Street, at a cost of $10,000. It is one of the most completely fur- ni.shed and commodious bank buildings in this part of the State, and the business of the firm is on a very prosperous footing. • BALDWIN & WILLIAMS, BANKERS. This bank was established in 1874 by James Baldwin and Charles D. Williams, the present proprietors. Their building was erected especially for the purpose of a bank, and is provided with a very safe and substantial fire-proof vault. The windows in front are of one solid pane of English plate-glass, eight by ten feet, and the banking-room and office neat and commodious. This bank is considered among the firm and pro-sperous monetary institutions of this part of the State. BRIDGES. The iron bridge across the Canisteo at Addison is one of the finest on the river. It is one of Post's patent, from the Watson Iron Company's works, of Paterson, N. J., 135 feet span, and cost $10,000. It was erected in 1870 by E. J. Horn, F. C. Dininny, H. S. Jones, Commissioners, and Erastus Brooks, Commissioner of Highways. The suspension bridge, which spans the river at the foot of Goodhue Street, is another of tlte substantial ornaments of the village. It is 204 feet long, and was erected in 1873 by Col. Henry Baldwin, Supervisor, and George Sisson, Commissioner, for the moderate cost of $5000 ; John V. Fishier, architect. MANUFACTURES. Among the substantial manufactures of the village of Addison are the planing-mills, sash-, door-, and blind-factory of A. G. Crane & Co. In 1865, C. C. Crane & Co. pur- chased the old water-mill built by Ames & Bliss as early as 1845, and manufactured the first machine-made doors, sashes, and blinds in this part of the State. They built the present steam-mill in 1866, and fitted up the saw-mill for making sash, blinds, and doors. This last-named mill was burned in 1872, and since then the firm have doubled the capacity of the steam-mill and put in machinery, adapting it to all classes of finished work, — doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, etc. In 1874, A. G. Crane purchased the interest of C. C. Crane, and, entering into partnership with Charles E. Noble, formed the present firm of A. G. Crane & Co. The capacity of these mills is 250 doors, 150 win- dows, and 50 pairs of blinds per day, and furnish employ- ment to from 25 to 50 hands. ADDISON MERCHANT AND CUSTOM PLOURING-MILLS. These mills were built by David Curtis, of Painted Post, and James S. McKay, of Campbell, about 1853. Col. Mc- Kay continued to operate the mills, as head miller, for about ten years. In October, 1865, Thomas Paxton purcha.sed a I TOWN OP ADDISON. 147 third-interest in the mill, and has since been associated with Mr. Curtis under the firm-name of Curtis & Paston. Mr. Paxton is a citizen of Addison, and is also interested in mercantile business. These mills are furnished witii 4 run of stones, and have a capaeitj' of 12,000 bushels of grain per year. E. J. HORN, FOUNDRY AND MACHINK-SIIOP. In 1846, E. J. Horn and Stephen Lewis, under the firm- name of Lewis & Horn, established the foundry business for the purpose of manufacturing mill-machinery, steam-engines, and general castings. Their first shop was burnt in the fall of 1846, and they immediately rebuilt. In 1856, Mr. Lewis retired from the firm, and Mr. Horn has since con- ducted it alone, except during five or six years, when the business was managed by his sons, as the firm of 0. A. Horn & Brother. This foundry has supplied a great amount of machinery to a large section of country around. MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES. Mr. George W. Farnham has erected in the village of Addison a building of three stories and basement, especially adapted to the manufacture of hand-made boots and shoes on a large scale. He was formerly associated in this busi- ness with Mr. Gokey, firm of Gokcy & Farnham, and their goods obtained a wide reputation. From 40 to 50 hands are employed in this establishment, besides several traveling salesmen. This interest bids fair to be one of the most im- portant branches of manufacture in the Canisteo Valley. ADDISON AND ELKLAND PLANK-ROAD. In February, 1850, some of the citizens of Addison and Elkland, in the Cowanesque Valley, in Pennsylvania, con- sidering it important that a better and more direct road be made between the two places, organized a plank-road com- pany, obtained a charter, and built a plank-road from Ad- dison to Elkland, Pa., a distance of eleven miles, at a cost of $20,000. The first directors of the road were Henry Wombough, William R. Smith, Joel D. Giliet, Rufus Baldwin, Joel Parkhurst, Leander Culver, William Wom- bough, H. Ross Jones, and James H. Van Vleck. The first ofiicers were Joel D. Gillett, I'resident ; H. Ross Jones, Vice-President; William W. Baldwin, Secretary; William R. Smith, Treasurer ; Joel D. Gillett, Rufus Baldwin, H. Ross Jones, Building Committee. The road was built by John and Patrick Rehill, and completed in 1851. The south seven miles of the road was surrendered to the towns through which it passed in 1857, and the remaining four miles Sept. 1, 1878. MILITARY RECORD OF ADDISON. James H, Miles, capt., 107th Inf., Co. F; must. Aug. 14, 1862, three years; res. Feb. 28, 186;;; in battle of Antietani. John T. Jackson, 1st scrgt., 107th Inf , Co. F ; enl. July 28, 1862, three years ; in battle of Antietani; disch. Nov. 22, 1803, for dis.ahility. John D. Hie, private, 107th Inf, Co. F; must. July 12, 1802, three years ; pro. to 2d sergt., March 1, 1863; to 2d lieut., June 2, 1863; killed in action at New Hope Church, Ga., May 25, 1S64 ; in battles of Antietam, Chancel- loiBville, and Gettysburg. Loandor Moses Hadloch, private, 107th Inf., Co. F ; enl. July 28, 1862, three years; took jiart in battles of Antietam, Dallas, Resaca, aud Kulp's Farm; taken prisoner, July 18, 1864, in front of Atlanta, Ga. ; disch. June 19, 1865, by reason of e.\piration of term of service. Wm. B. Hurlburt, musician, 107th Inf., Co. F; enl. July 28, 1862, three years; engaged in the battle of Antietani ; disch. on account of disability, June 2, 1863, by command of Maj.-Gen.Sclienck, commanding 8th Army Corps, Baltimore, Md. Geo-. W. Wombough, wagoner, 107th Inf, Co. F; enl. July 20, 1862, three years; disch. June 3, 1863, on account of disability. Wm. A. Benedict, private, 107th Inf, three years; disch. on account of disabil- ity, Feb. 13, 1803 ; re-enl. Jan. 5, 1864; wouuded May 15, 180)4; disch by muster-out, June 6, 1805. James B. Cherry, private, 107th Inf. ; enl. July 25, 1862, three years ; received commission as 1st lieut. ; never mustered ; in liattles of Antietjmi, Cliaa- cellorsville, Gettysburg, and NasliviUe; must, out with regt., June, 1805. Emniett Crane, private, 107th Inf; disch. Oct. IS, 1862, on account of gunsliot wound received accidentally. Manly D. Crane, private, ln7th Inf; enl. July 23, 1SG2, three yeairs; in battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Resaca, (in., Peach-Tree Creek, Ga., at capture of Atlanta and Savannah, juid tlie entrance to Raleigh, N. C ; must, out with regt., June, 1865. Cornelius W. Herrington, private, 107th Inf., Co. F; enl. July 31, 18G2, three years; disch. Feb. 10, 1803, on account of disability ; in battle of An- tietam. Benjamin Kimble, private, 107tll Inf, Co. F; enl. July 20, 1SG2, three years; in battles of Antietani, Chaneellorsville, and Gettysburg; detailed July 13, 1863, as stretcher-bearer in Aiiih. Corps ; must, out with regt., June, 1865. Theophilus Krunilofr, private, 107th Inf, Co. F; died Jan. 18, 1SG3, at Fairfax Station, Va , of camp fever; buried at Faiifa.\ Station. Walter Ciandiill, private, l(i7th Inf, Co. F. .Samuel Miller, private, 107th Inf., ('o. F ; killed in action, M.ay 25, 1804, at New Hope Church, Ga. Charles J. Slarblc, private, 107th Inf., Co. F ; pro. to corporal. James S. Molson, private, lli7th Inf, Co. F ; killed in action, May 23, 1804, ,lt New Hope Church, Ga. David B. Parcells, private, 107th Inf., Co. F; wounded at New Hope Church, Ga., M.ay 25, 1864. Robert Short, private, 107th Inf,Co.F; enl. Aug. 4, 1862, three years; di-ch. July 20, 1805. Alansoft Stoddaril, private, 107tli Inf, Co, F; disch. Aug. 13, 1804. on account of loss of arm at New Hojie Cliurch, Ga. Frederick Wm. Wagner, private, 107lli Inf, Co. F; enl. July, 1862, tliiee years ; tiled Jan. 10, 1803, of typhoid-pneumonia, at Fairfax Station, Va. Sila-i Wo-ley Kimble, piivate, 107tli Inf, Co. E; enl. Feb. 8, 1864, three years; in battles of Resaca, Peach-Tree Creek, and Dallas ; trans, to Olllh N. V. Vet. Regt., June 5, 1865; discli. by S. 0. No. 160, Dept. of W'asliington, July 5, 1865. Henry B. Aldrich, private, 107tli Inf, Co. F, three years; died in hospital, 1802. Wm. Hutchinson, private, 107th Inf, Co. F, three years; wounded at Chaneel- lorsville; disch. May 12, 1864, on account of wound. Melvin J. Lynch, private, 107th Inf, Co. F; wounded May 25, 1864, at New Hope Church, Ga. Abiam Miller, private, 107th Inf, Co. V ; died Oct. 16, 1862, at Harper's Ferry, Va., of typhoid fever; buried on Maryland Heights. Lee Mulford, private, 107th Inf, Co. F; wounded at Chaneellorsville. May 3, 1863; pro. to. Corp., April, 1863 ; to sergt., Nov. 1, 1863; commanded de- tachment — Provost-Guard of 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 2d Army Corps — from surrender of Atlanta to end of the war. Hiram Tung, private, 107th Inf, Co. F; disch. for disability, Jan. 1863. John G. Taff, private, 107th Inf, Co. F. John Worrell, private, 107th Inf, Co. F; enl. Dec. 10, 1863, three years; died of chronic diarrlnea at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 15,1864. Henry David Orser, private, llth H. Art., Co. A ; enl. May 22, 1863, three years. Wm. Albert Orser, private, llth H. Art., Co. A ; enl. June 6, 1863, three years ; pro. to sergt.; previously enl. in 23d N. Y. Vols., April 30, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1863. James Wright, private, H. Art., Co. I ; enl. June 1, 1863, three years; pro. to sergt. in H. Art., N. Y. S. Vols. ; trans. Jan. 1, 1804, to 4tli H. Art. ; disch. Sept. 20, 1S65. Lewis Putnam, private, 23d Inf; enl.. April 30, 1861; disch. May 22, 1863; re- enl. May, 1863, in llth H. Art. Nicholas Millspaugh, llth H. Art.; enl. May 22, 1S63. Oliver D. Stewart, private, 107th Inf; enl. Dec. 10, 1863, three yeai-s. John Rial, private, 33d Inf ; enl. June, 1862, two years. Henry Baldwin, capt., 34tli Inf, Co. E ; enl. May IS, 1861, two yeai-s ; must, out June 30, 1863, by reason of exp. of term of enlistment ; was engaged in tlie battles of Ball's Bluff, Harper's Ferry, Winchester, Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, Seven Days before Richmond, Bolivar Heights, Snicker's Gap, W'arrenton, and first and second Fredericksburg. Henry W. .Sanford, private, 34lli Inf, Co. E ; enl. May 18, 1861, two years ; pro. to 1st sergt., July 31, 1861 ; to 2d lieut.. May 30, 1862; to 1st lieut., Oct. 31 1862; in battles of Ball's Bluff, Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, Seven Days before Riciimond, second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antie- tam, Ashby's Gap, and first and second Fredericksburg; disch. June 30, 1863, by reason of exp. of term of service ; recruited a company and must, in as capt., Oct. 10, 1863, in 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav. ; engaged in battles of Henderson's Hill, La., Pleasant Hill, La., Campti, La., Bayou Saline, La., Cane River Crossing, La., Chambers' Plantation, Eayou De Glaze, La., Yellow Bayou, La., Marksvilie, La., and fifteen other battles and akir- 148 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. mishes about Morganzin, Ln., McCIomrs Mills, Miss., Bluff Springs, Fla., Blakely, Ala., and Mt. Pleasant, Ala. ; ilisch. Nuv. 8, 1805, by cxp. of term of service. Mollville S. Dunn, priviite, 34th Inf., Co. E; cnl. May IS, ISr.l, two years ; pro. to 2d lieut.. Octal, 18G2; must, out with regt. ; re-onl. in 2d N. Y.Vet. Cav., Out. 10, 18n:J; must, us 1st liout.,Oct. 10, ISO;!; participated in nearly all the battles with the :Uth N. Y. Vols., and in battles of Henderson's Hill, La., and killed by niusket-sbot at battle of Campti, La , April 4, 1804, while acting ailjntant. George A. Pabodie, private, :S4th Inf.. Co. K; enl. May IS, 1801, two years ; pro. to sergt, July ai, 1802; wounded at Fair Oaks, May :Jl, 18G2. Wm. Duraiid, privati*, 34th Inf., Co. E ; t'ni. May IS, ISGI, two years ; pro. to sergt. May 18,1801 ; in nearlj all the battles with the :i4th N.Y. Vuls. ; diach. with regt., June 30, 18G3. George Crane, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years; pro. to sergt, Oct 31, 1862; in battles of Ball's Bluff, Winchester, Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, Seven Days before Richmond, Antielam, Bolivar Heights, Snicker's Gap, Warrenton, and first and second Fredericksburg; must out with regt., June 30, 1803; re-enl. in 2d Vet Cav., for three years, Jan. 4, 1804; pro. to q.-m. sergt., July 1, 1864; in battles of Mc- Cloud's Mills, La., BlntlSpiings, La., Blakely, Ala., and skiraiishes about Morganzia, La.; disch. Nov. 20, 1SG'>, by (I. 0. Oscar D. Blanchard, private, 34th Inf., Co. K; cnl. May 18,1801, two years; par- ticipated in the battles of Edwards' Ferry, Harper's Ferry, Winchester, Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, Seven Days before Richmond, Antie- tani, Bolivar Heights, Snicker's Gap, Warrenton, and first and second Fredericksburg; must out with regt., June 30, 1803; re-enl. for one year in 2d Vet Cav., Sept. lo, 1803; in battles of Bluff Springs, Blakely, Mo- bile, and Claiborne; disch. Aug. 21, 1805, by reason of G. 0. No. 83, War Department John Fox, private, 34th Inf., Co. F; enl. May 18, 18G1, two years; must, out June 30, 1803, by reason of exp. of term of enlistment ; in battles of Ed- wards' Ferry, Fair Oaks, Seven Days before Richmond, first and second Fredericksburg, Snicker's Gap, Warrenton, and Yorktown. Charles U.Green, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years; in bat- tles of Harper's Ferry, Y'orktown, Fair Oaks, Seven Days before Rich- mond, Snicker's Gap, Warrenton, and first and second Fredericksburg; must, out with regt., June 30, 1863, by reason of exp. of term of service ; re-enl. for one year, Aug. 30, 1864, i[i 2d Vet. Cav. ; in battle of Blakely, Ala.; disch. Aug. 21, 1806, by G. 0. Thomas H. Guinnip, private, 34th Inf., Co. E ; enl. May 18, 1861, two yeare; in battles of Ball's Bluff", Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, and Seven Days before Kiclimond ; disch. with regt., June 30, 1803, by reason of exp. of term of service. Frank H. Holscher, private, 34th Inf., Co. E ; onl. May IS, 1801, two years ; must, out June 30, 1863, at exp. of term of service. Samuel J. Kimble, private, 34tb Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years; in battles of Ball's Bluff, Harper's Ferry, Winchester, Y'orktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, and Seven Days before Richmond ; prisoner at Antietam ; pa- roled and exchanged, and in second Frederickslmrg; must, out with regt., June 30, 1863 ; re-enl. Aug. 30, 186-1, for one year in 2d Vet. Cav. ; in bat- tles of McCloud's Mills, Miss., Blakely, Ala., Mt. Pleasant, Ala., and Bhiff Springs, Fla.: disch. Aug. 23, 180o, by G. 0. S3. John Lyons, private, 34tb Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1801, two yeai*s. Daniel Stryker, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years; in battles of Ball's Bluff, Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, Seven Days before Rich- mond, second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Ashby's Gap, Bolivar Heights, and first and second Fredericksburg; must, out with regt. at Albany, June 30, 1863. James E. Wilson, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years. James M. Aumick, private, 34tli Inf., Co. E; cnl. May IS, 1S61, two years; in battles of Fair Oaks and Seven Days before Richmond; wounded at An- tietam, Sept 17, 1862, seriously in right thigh; disch. by reason of wound, April 14,1863. John J. Campbell, private, 34th Inf., Co. E ; enl, June 20, 1801, two years ; disch. Sept 18, 1S62, on account of wounds received at White House, Va. Lyman Deland, private-, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1S61, two years; disch. Sept. 27, 1862, from wounds received at Fair Oaks. Henry Franklin, private, 34th Inf., Co. E ; enl. June 20, 1861, two years ; disch. for disability, 3Iar.'h 20, 1863. Darius B. Sturdevand, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. June 20, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Sept 21, 1862. Charles H. Wombough, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1801, two years; pro. to State paymaster, June 15, 1861 ; re-enl. in S6th Regt., Aug. 1861 : pro. to 1st lieut., Aug. 1861 ; to capt. Co. K, Nov. 1861 ; in battle of sec- ond Bull Run; resigned. Jacob Seaman, private, 34th Inf, Co. E; enl. May IS, ISOl, two years; died at Towanda, Pa., Aug. IS, 1801, of typhoid fever. Elias Rider, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; cnl. June 20, 1861, two years; died at Har- rison's Landing, Va., July 2, 1862, of fever. Charle.'i 0. Perkins, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, ISOl, two years; died at New Y'ork City, Oct. 20, 1802, of fever. Stephen Taft, private, 34th Inf., Co. E, two year.-i. John Robbins, private, 34th Inf., Co. E, two years; died at Falmouth, Va., Feb. 6, 1803, of lung-fever. Myron S. Miller, private, 34tb Inf.. Co. E, Iwo >ears; died at Falmouth, Va., Feb. 1, 1S63, of coiisuniiUion. Daniel R. Gordon, private, 34th Inf., Co. B, two years; killed at White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 1802. Leonard H. Uenedict, private, :{4th Inf., Co. E, two years. David A. Lyon, 23d Inf., Co. K; enl. May 10, 1801, two years; disch. May S, 1S62, for disability. Richard Lyon, 23d Inf., Co. K ; enl. May, 1861, two years. Edmund Crocker, private, 23d Inf., Co. K; enl. May 16, 1861, two years; disch. from 23d Regt, Oct. 2, 1862, on account of disability ; re-enl. in 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., July 25, 1803, for three yeara ; in battles of Henderson's Hill, La., Pleasant Ilill, La., McCloud's Mills, Miss., and Blakely, Ala. ; disch. Nnv. 8, 1805, by G. O. from War Department. George Parker, 23d Inf., Co. K ; enl. Blay, 1861, two years. Daniel B. Hurlburt, private, 23d Inf., Co. K; enl. May 16,1861. two years; disch. from 23d Inf., and re-enl, in 2d Vet. Cav., Sept. 3, 1804, for one year. William S.Chase, private, .34th Inf., Co. E; onl. May 18,1861, two years; disch. from 34th Inf., in fall of 1861, on account of disability ; re-enl. July 17, 1863, in 64th N. Y. Vols., for three years; in battles of the Wildeiiiess, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, and at Lee's surrender; disch. July 27, 1865. James Staplcton, 8th H. Art.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Harrison Crane, Ist Inf., Co. G ; enl. Dec. 31, 1861, for sixteen monlhs; pro. to Corp.; in battles of Seven Days before Richmond, second Bull Run, Chan- tilly, first Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville ; disch. with regt., May 25, 1863. James M. Andrus, 1st Inf., Co. G; enl. Dec. 21, 1861 ; re-enl. for three years in 2d Yet. Cav. Jeremiah Deland, 1st Inf, Co. G ; enl. Dec. 31, 1861. Alonzo Curtis, private, 1st Inf. ; enl. Dec. 19, 1801, for unexpired term of regt; pro. to sergt; in battles of Seven Days before Richmond ; tiiken prisoner at second Bull Run; exchanged and returned to regt., and took part in the battle of Chancellorsville ; disch. with regt.. May 31, 1863. Samuel Stone, private, 3d Int; enl. May 10, 1861, three years. David Stephens. 1st Inf.; enl. Dec. 19,1861. Elmer Van Tuyl, capt., Ist Inf. William Baker, 1st Inf. George Ilulchinson, 1st Inf. William Orr, 1st Inf.; enl. Dec. 19, 1801. Cyrus B. Morse, 141st Regt, Co. G. Daniel N. Aldrich, capt., 141st Regt, Co. G, three years; died of fever. John W. Hamninnd, 141st Regt., Co. G. John W. Diniiiny, maj., 141st Regt, Co. G; must Sept. 13, 1862; April 4,1863, must in as colonel Hist N. Y. Vols., at Washington, by Capt. De Rnsey ; must out at Washington, June 7, 1863, on account of disease uf-the eyes ; in battle of Suffolk, Va. Edgar R. Barr, private, 141st Regt., Co. G. Clmrlfis Keyster, 1st sergt, 141st Rogt, Co. G ; taken prisoner at Peach-Tree Creek ; never since been heard from. Andrus G. Grant, private, 141st Regt, Co. G; pro. to sergt; died from wounds received at Peach-Tree Creek, July 20, 1864. Mason J. Gibson, private, 3d Inf. ; enl. May 10, 1861 ; in battle of Suffolk, Va. ; disch. May 30, 1803; re-enl. in 2d Vet. Cav. John Fnisier, private, 1st Inf., Co. G ; enl. Jan. 6, 1802. Lyman Elwood, private, Ist Inf.; disch. on account of disability. A. Curtis Uri, private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G; eul. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Kinney Mellville, private, 2d Vet Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year; disch. Aug. 23, 1865, by reason of Gen. Ord. No. 83, War Dept ; in battle of Blakely, Ala., April 1, 1865. Albert Wm. Lawton, i)rivate, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 7, 1863, three years ; disch. Sept. 1, 1865, by reason of G. 0. No. 77, A. G. 0., 1805. William D. Kimble, private, 2d Vet Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept 7, 1804, one year; in battle of Blakely, Ala. ; diseb. Aug. 23, 1805, by G. 0. No. 83, War Dept. Charles Knajip, private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year; died in service. George Van Gorder, private, Co. G. Ezra Dewitt Bostwick, private, Co. G. John W. Legrange, private, lltli IT. Art. Hamilton White, private, Uth H. Art Chauncey A. Lynch, private, 11th H. Art, Co. G. George Beers, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. July 20, 1863, three years. George W. Hutchinson, private, 1st Inf.; ro-enl. in 2d Vet. Cav. Sylvester Lynch, 1st Inf., Co. G ; died in hospitvl. John Peck, private, 2d Vet, Cav., Co. G; enl. July 19, 1863, three years; in bat- tles of P!ea.sant Hill, La., Cane River, La., Blakely, Ala., Gravely Hill, Ala., and skirmishos;in and around Morgan/.ia; must out with regt, Nov. 8, 1805, by G. 0. Virgil Redner, private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year. William Wilcox, 1st Inf. ; re-enl. in 2d Vet Cav. Madison Wilcox, 2d Vet. Cav.; died in hospital at Alexandria, Va., May, 1864. Bennett Mereo, private, 20th Ind. Bat.; enl. June, 1863, three years; disch. by G. 0., Aug. 6, 1865. Edward D. Crane, private, 8Gth Inf.; enl. Aug. 14, 1861, three years; disch. March 13, 1863, on account of disability. Wm. W. Angle, aipt, S6tli Inf., Co. B; enl. Aug. 1,1861, three years; in battles of second Bull Run and first Fredericksburg; mortally wounded at the battle of Chancellorsville and taken to the Chancellorsville Hospital, and, from the best information, was burned, iui his body was never recovered. I I TOWN OF ADDISON. 149 Cliarlea U. Wombougb, Ist lieut., 86th Inf., Co. K; <.-nI. Aug. 31, 186T, three years; pro. to capt. Co. K. Cliarlc-s Wm. Gil!et(, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. IJ; enl Au^. 14, isr.l, three years; pro. to 1st lif'ut., Aug. 27, 1861 ; to adjt.. Nuv. IHill ; lu hattU-s of second Bull Run and first Fredericksburg; diach. hy coniniaiid of Maj.-Gcn, Halleck, on account of disability, in compliance with Special Order No. 153, Adjt.-Cen 's Office, Wash., April a, 180:i. Hiram J. Blanchard, private; enl. April •^6,1801, in '2d N.J. Inf., three months' service; diach. Aug. 1, 1861, with regt.; re-enl. Aug. 14, 18G1, 86th Inf., Co. B; pro. to 2d lieut., to 1st lieut., and to c:ipt.; in battles of second Bull Run, Anticlam, Manaasaa Junction, Fretlericksburg, Chancellors- ville, Beverly Ford, and Brandy Station ; wounded at Gettysburg (lost two fingers on right hand), July 2,186:1; di.sch. Oct 20, 18G3,by reason of wound. Egbert L. Crane, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. B; enl. Aug. 14, 18GI, three years; pro. to orderiy eergt, Oct. 1, 1861 ; to lat lieut., Nov. 22, 1861 ; in battles of second Bull Run and firat Fredericksburg ; diach. on surg. certif. of dis., March 22, 1863, by command of Maj.-Geii. Berry, 3d Army Corps. James Brundage, private, 86th Inf., Co. B; died in hospital. Jeri'y Clark, i)rivate, 8Cth Inf., Co. B; died at Addison. Jesse Campbell, private, HGth Inf, Co. B; enl. Aug. 1861. Wm. A. CanipliLdl, privab?, 86th Inf., Co. B; enl Aug. 18G1, three years; served time out and re-enl. in same regt. George Crandall, private, 86th Inf., Co. B. George Davis, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. B. Francis Davis, private, 86th Inf., Co. B. Leunard Webster, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. B. Marcus Williams, private, 86th Inf., Co. B; enl. Aug. 14, 1861, three years; in battle of second Bull Run ; disch. Dec. 30, 1862 ; re-enl. in 11th II. Art, June 6,1863; in battles of Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Reams' Station, Hatcher's Run, Deep Bottom, and several others ; disch. by G. O., Oct. 6, 1863. A. Charles Sturdevant, 86th Inf., Co. B. Henry Pierce, private, S6th Inf., Co. B: enl. I>ec. 24, 1S63, three years. diaries B. Davis, 86th Inf., Co. B. Estus C. Mandeville, private, 86th Inf., Co. K ; enl. Aug. 20, ISGI, three years ; in battles of second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg; re-enl. March 4, 1864, at Brandy Station, for three years; after r(*-enlistment was in battles of Spottsylvania C.-II., Cold Ifarbor, beltire Petersburg, and at Gen. Lee's surrender; disch. July 4, 18G5. Robert A. Fox, private, 86th Inf., Co. K; enl. Aug. 17, 1861, three years; disch. Jan. 1,1864, and re-enl. in same regt, Jan. 1, 1864, in the field; must, out July 4, 1865, with regt. Wm. A. Belcher, private, 86th Inf., Co. K. Darius Sturdevant, drummer, 8Gth Inf., Co. K. Foster P. Wood, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. I; enl. Oct. 17, 1861, three years; pro. to 2d lieut., Nov. 22, 1861 ; to Ist lieut., July 1, 18G3 ; to capt., Feb. 14, 1864; in battles of second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Beverly Ford, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Kelly's Ford, Locust Grove, Mine Run, two days in the Wilderness, charge at Po River and at Spottsylvania C.-H, Anderson House, charge at North Anna River, Cold Harbor, and took part in all fights and skirmishe-s before Petersburg from June IG to Nov. 17, 1864; disch. Nov. 17, 1864, by reason of exp. of term uf service. Jacob Horning, private, 141st Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 21,1862, three years; par- ticipated in battle of Nashville, Tenu. ; wounded in right leg by a mus- ket-ball ; disch. at No. 1 Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., April 19, 1865, by reason of G. 0. James Kent, substitute for Orrin Austin, of Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y. Warren Luddington, substitute. Samuel Lewis. Albert F. Lynch, sub., I07th Inf.; died in service. James Jackson, private, IGth Ind. Bat.; enl. Aug. 27, 18G4,one year; disch. July, 1865, by reason of G. O. Peter Gray, private, 2d Vet. Car.; enl. Aug. 29, 18G4, one year; died at Hor- gaiizia. La., Feb. 14, 1865, of fever and chronic diarrho-a. Parke B. Crandall, private, 2d Vet. Cav. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Adam Johnson (col'd), private. Abram Aumick, private, 8Gth Inf.; enl. Nov. 3U, 1861. Wm. S. Crans, private, 10th N. Y. Cav.; enl. Nov. 21, 1863, three years; died July 24, 1865, in hospital at Alexandria, Va. Valentine Parcells, private, 107th N. Y. Regt.; enl. Dec. 10, 18G:i, three years. Edward Dickinson, private, 107th N. Y. Regt.; enl. Dec. 7, 1863, three years; died in service. Stephen W. Ames, private, 107th N. Y. Regt.; enl. Dec. 10, 1^63, three years. Robert Baxter, private, 2d Vet. Cav. ; enl. Dec. 22, 1863, three years. Edward F. Bates, med. cadet; pro. to asst. surg. and to surg.; appuintcd mem- ber U. S. Examining Board ; died at Washington, March 8, 18G4. John L. Morse, 5th Cav.; enl. Aug. 1862; died at Andersunvilh* prison, Sept. 1864. John R. Miller, John L. Morrison, Calvin Resur, Franklin It. Strait, Thct^ilore G. Smith. Edward Shaw, enl. 1804. Hibbard Hamilton, John Hamilton. Abram Stolliker, 86th Inf.; re-enl. as veteran, Oct. I8G3. Wm. Hamilton, Charles McCluster, Henry Myers, Charles Oolund, Hamiltiin White, private, 11th H. Art. John W. Legrauge, private, 11th H. Art. Chauncey A. Lynch, private, 11th H. Art. Levi Sturdevant, drummer, 86th Inf. Charies M. Frazier, private, 105th IVnnsylvania Inf., Co. D; enl. Feb. 23, 1RG2, three years; in battles of Fair Oaks, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Charles City Cross-Roads, Seven Days before Jlichniond, second Bull Run, — at Gettysburg was wounded in left hand, — the Wilderness, and before Petersburg; disch. March 18, 1865, at exp. of term of service. John Mead^, private, 8Gth Inf.; enl. Aug. 18GI ; in battles of second Bull Run, second Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wai)ping Heights, Orange Grove, and Culpepper C.-H. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863 ; en- gaged in battles of the Wilderness, Petersburg, and at Lee's surrender; wounded Oct. 20, 18G4, in rigiit arm by musket-shot, on skirmisli line near Petersburg. Henry Williams, 86th Inf.; rc-erd. as veteran, Dec. 1863. Samuel Dickinson, 86th Inf.; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 1863. James Smith, S6th Inf.; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863. Perry Washburn, 86th Inf.; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863. Gilbert Ackley, 8GIh Inf. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863. Charies A. Butler, &Gth Inf. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863. Egbert Bullock, HOth Inf. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1803. Horace E. Bullock, 8Glh Inf; re-otil. Oct. 18G3, at Brandy Station, Va. George Bellinger, private, 8th II. Art. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years ; in battles of Spottsylvania C.-H. anil the Wilderness; wounded at Cold Harbor in left foot by «• Minie-ball ; disch. May 3o, 1864, on account of disability. George Larowe (col'd), private, 31st U. S. Colored Troops, Co. E; enl. Dec. 7, 1863, three years; died from wound at Petersburg, Aug. 18, 1864. John Carnigee, died in hospital at Indianapolis, Ind. Alonzo D. Hill, 97th Inf.; drafted July 15. 1SG3, three years; in battles of the Wilderness; wounded in the head at the battle of .Spottsylvania C.-H., May 8, 1864; died from effect of wound. May 18, 18C4. Charles Wight. Humphrey Watkins fcol'd), private. Thomas Wells, private, 14th Inf., three years; substitute for Albert G. Crane. Levi Van Lise, priv. ; enl. Jan. 15, 1865, three years; sub. for Andrew Barrow. Patrick Loyd, private; enl. Nov. 18, 1HG4 ; substitute for Rollin R. Smith. Henry Burdick, priv.; enl. July 22, 1863, three years; sub. for W.J. Van Oiman. Joseph W. Bridgeford, private; enl. Aug. 29, 1863, three years; substitute for Llewellyn Jennings. Charles Esemvine, priviite; enl. Aug. 24, 1863, three years; sub. for Jas. Caple. Willard D. Rouse, private; enl. July 23, 18G:j, three years; sub. for J.C. Liken. Moses Shaw, private; enl. Aug. 24, 1863, three years; sub. for Levi Merrill. John Brady, priviitc; enl. Nov. 10, 18G4; Bubstitnte for Isaac Raskam. Arthur McGoff, private; enl. Nov. 11, 18G1; sub. for Albert A. McGaflfey. Joseph Corbishly, private, 15th U. S. Inf.; enl. Dec. 18G4; sub. forOi-vill Odell. Alonzo 0. Campbell, private; enl. Feb. 23, 1865, three years; sub. for Hiram Eldridge. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. JAMES II. MILES was born in Bainbridge, Chenango Co., N. Y., July 3, 1807. His father, Isaac Miles, was a native of Connecticut, born July 11, 1763 ; married Martha Davis, also a native of that State, who lived tu the advanced age of eighty years, and died in 1861. Isaac Miles was a blacksmith by trade ; first moved to Chenango County, where he lived many years, and in the year 1819 settled in Addison, Steuben Co., where he lived the remainder of his life, and died in the town of Rathbone, in 1855. (^Their children were Mrs. Maj. L. A. Jones, Mrs. Rol-/ land Saunders, Patty (died youngj, Mrs. Nichols, Isaac, of Allegany County, James II., Samuel, of Schuyler County, John, of Rathbone. The daughters are all dead. The opportunities for education from books afforded the.se children were very limited ; but in this, as in many other cases in the early settlement of the country, privation, necessary economy, and resolution laid the foundation for a practical business education that often financially outstrips the results of any book-knowledge. Capt. Miles was only twelve years of age when the family came to Addison. At the age of twenty-two he 150 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. married Evelina B. (born March 20, 1808), daughter of Samuel Baker, who was one of the pioneers of the town of Howard. In early life he began lumbering, and then, without means, with three other young men, built a saw-mill in Rathbone (then Addison). For some forty years he followed this business quite successfully, shipping his lumber by means of rafts down the Canisteo, Chemung, and Sus(jue- banna Rivers to Port Deposit and Havre de Grace. For a few years in the latter part of his lif ; he has been con- nected with the tanning business. With marked patriotism and loyalty, July, 1SG2, he raised a company, of which he was made captain, and with the 107th New York Volunteers went to the front. After the battle of Antietam, — in which his company was engaged, — on account of failing health, he left the army at Hope's Landing, and came to Elmira, where he was made commissioner of the board of enrollment, which position he occupied for about one year and a half, and resigned his place. Capt. Miles was formerly a member of the Whig party, and has been active in the Republican ranks. For several terms he has been chosen supervisor of the towns of Cam- eron and Addison, as his residence has been in one of those towns, and in the year 1851 he represented Steuben County in the State Legislature, and served on the committee on Charitable and Religious Societies. He and his wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1830, and he has assisted in the establishment and build- ing of nearly all the church edifices in and about Addison and Cameron. As a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church he has for many years officiated as steward Capt. Miles remembei's Addison when there were only some four houses in the settlement, and is now able to look back and', as he sees its growth to a thriving village of some two thousand inhabitants, to say, " All of this I saw and part of this I was." MAJOR RUFUS BALDWIN. The family of Baldwin is descended from Benjamin Baldwin, who emigrated from Buckingham Co., England, in the year 1G36, and settled in New London, Conn. His grandson, Isaac Baldwin, Sr., removed with his family from Norwich, Conn., to Wyoming Valley, Pa., where they re- mained but a few years in consequence of the Pennamite and Indian wars. They removed to the vicinity of Ulster, and subsequently, in the year 1787, farther up the Chemung River to what is now the town of Chemung, then a part of Tioga Co., N. Y. He was born in Norwich, Conn., June 12, 1730. Was married to Patience Rathbun, November, 1751. They had eleven children, of whom llufus, the father of the subject of this narrative, was eldest, born March 8, 1753. Of these children, Adah Baldwin, fifth child, born Oct. 31, 1762, was the last survivor of the Baldwin family that settled in Chemung in 1787. She was taken prisoner in the massacre of Wyoming, in 1778, at the age of sixteen ; w^as painted, shaved, and sent barefoot over the mountains and through the swamps to the Delaware, at Easton. llufus Bald- win, Jr., was born in Canterbury, New Lcjndon Co., Conn., 1795. lli.s niiiuirity was spent at home. In 1812 he was connected with the Light Guards, and soon thereafter gained the rank of major. About the year 1821 he came to Tioga, Pa., wIkio he remained one year, and went to the town of Lawrence, Tioga Co., Pa., and purchased some eleven hun- dred acres of timber land on the Cowanesque River, where he built a saw-mill, and began lumbering. He remained there about thirteen years, and during this time, in the year 1825, was married to Pamelia, daughter of William Wombough, who was a pioneer settler in the vicinity of Addison. In the fall of 1834, having disposed of his property in Pennsylvania, he settled about one mile east of the village of Addison, where he purchased some six hundred acres of farming and timber land of his father-in-law. Until 1851 he was engaged in improving his property, and in general agriculture, at which time he disposed of his farm, moved into the village of Addison, and retired from the more active duties of life. He was one of the prime movers in the founding and erection of the Addison Academy, built in 1848. Through his eflForts the first sash- and blind-factory was established at Addison. He was one of the projectors and stockholders of the plank-road from Addison to Elkland. Maj. Baldwin was a vigorous, active member of the Democratic party, and was chosen to several important places of trust by the citi- zens of Addison. He was a plain, unassuming man, in- terested in every enterprise tending to improve and build up society ; a genial and sociable man, and possessed of strict integrity in all his business relations. He died in 1853. His wife died in 18(J7, at the age of sixty-five. Their children arc Mrs. Rufus N. Weatherby ; William TOWN OP ADDISON. 151 W. (died in 1852, at the age of twenty-five), a lawyer; Walter H. (died at the age of twenty-five, in the year 1854), lumberman ; Henry (admitted to the bar in 1853, supervisor of the town of Addison, 1859-61. Raised a company in 1861, and as captain joined the 3-4th N. Y. Vols. Was with his company and regiment through the first campaign of the Shenandoah Valley, at Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, and Seven Pines, the seven days' retreat of McClellan to the Potomac, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. In 1867 he was brevetted major, and in 1868, colonel. His business is farming and lumbering) ; James, a banker at Addison ; Kufus, Jr. (died young); Pamelia (deceased), wife of Hon. Byron G. Stout, of Pontiac, Mich. ; and R. Haskell Baldwin, died young. JOEL D. GILLET was born in Colchester, Conn., August 27, 1809. Tiie Gillet family were among the early settlers of that place. His father, Solomon Gillet, was also a native of Colchester; was a farmer by occupation; married Martha Doolittle, of Russell, Mass., sister of Mark Doolittle, member of Con- gress, and also sister of Judge Joel Doolittle, of Middle- bury, Vt. Their children were Solomon L., of Elmira, N. Y. ; Mrs. Martin G. Clapp (deceased), of Watertown, N. Y. ; Joel D. Gillet, of Addison, N. Y. ; Russell, who resides on the homestead, in Colchester, Conn. ; Mrs. John 0. Loomis, of Coventry, Conn.; Aaron G., of Langdon, Minn.; Charles E., of Oakland, Cal. The father died March, 1856, at the age of eighty-three ; the mother died 1S71, aged ninety-three. Mr. Joel D. Gillet spent his minority on the farm and at school, except that he was engaged several terms as a teacher of comnion schools. Upon reaching his majority he took charge of his father's farm, which he carried on until October, 1835, when he came to Addison, in the Canisteo Valley, to take charge, as a partner, of a general merchandise store established by his brother Solomon, of Elmira. Previous to his removal, April, 1835, he was married to Lucy Jane (born 1818), youngest daughter of David Pat- ten, of Salem, Conn. Of this union were born three child- ren, — Mrs. David B. Winton, of Addison ; Emma M. (died at the age of twelve, in the year 1851) ; and Charles W., present postmaster of Addison. For three years Mr. Gillet remained a partner with his brother after coming to Addison, and in the year 1838 purchased his brother's interest in the store, and carried it on alone for some twelve years, when, on account of failing health, he disposed of his mercantile interest. In the year 1851 he began purchasing timber land in the State of Wisconsin. While as a merchant he was also engaged in the manufacture, purchase, and sale of lumber in Addison, and subsctiuently carried on the same business quite extensively across the line, in Pennsylvania. 152 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Mr. Gillet continued his purchases West until, at the present time, he is the possessor of several thousand acres of land. In the year 18G9 he began cutting timber on his land there, and either marketing or manufacturing into lumber, at the city of Cshkosh or Warsaw. His business operations in lumber have so increased that for several years past they reach several millions of feet annually. He was, in his early life, a Clay Whig, and upon the formation of the Republican party became a supporter of its principles. Never solicitous of any official publicity, and never seeking emolument of office, he has preferred the independence and quiet of a business life. Mr. Gillet has been identified with the growth of the village of Addison since its population numbered about two hundred and fifty inhabitants, with a few scattering resi- dences. Since his residence here he has been connected with the schools of the town for several years as school commissioner. The Presbyterian Church had been organized some three years previous to his settling at Addison, then consisting of thirteen members. In the spring after coming here he • was elected an elder of the church, which office he has held now for some forty-two years, and still holds acceptably to the church. He was one of the prime movers in the con- struction of the Presbyterian Church edifice of Addison, and liberally contributed for the same, and is always inter- ested in the progress of church and kindred interests. Mr. Gillet was one of the originators of the Addison Academy, and for several years president of the board of trustees and one of the principal managers of the school. He was one of the original stockholders of the Addison and Elkland Plank-Road, built under charter dated 1850, and was connected with its management during its entire existence, — which closed September, 1 878, — either as pres- ident or treasurer. In the year 1845 his wife died, and in June, 1846, he married his present wife, Catherine S., youngest daughter of Rev. William B. Stowe, a Presbyterian clergyman. "^^^-^^ ^^ ^ Jl^^/i£^'^^ DR. BRADLEY BLAKSLEE was born in Brattleboro', Windham Co., Vt., Oct. 16, 1794. His father, David Blakslee, was a native of New Haven, as was also his grandfather, James Blakslee. The latter was a captain in the Revolutionary war ; was in the battle of Bennington; his occupation was farming; moved to Brattle- boro' during war time, where he died, being frozen to death while crossing the Green Mountains to get money to pay off his soldiers. The former was married in Vermont, to Julia lledfield, and after living successively in Broome, Cayuga, and Ot- sego Counties, settled at Addison, Steuben Co., in 1840, where he died. Doc. 6, 1851, aged eighty-six. His wife died in 1859, at the age of ninety. Of their seven children. Dr. Bradley Blakslee is the only surviving one ; was second son ; received his early education at Aurelius, Cayuga Co., N. Y. At the age of twenty-four he began the study of medicine with Dr. Root, of Otego, Otsego Co., where he remained two years, and until the death of Dr. Root. He then spent oue year as a student of Dr. Whitmarsh, of Delhi, N. Y., and after an examination by the board of censors of that place, he was passed as an M.D., and opened I TOWN OF ADDISON. 153 practice in Otego, N. Y., where he remained about twenty years, during which time he purchased a farm, whicli he carried on ; and also, during his residence in Otego, in the year 1823, he married Phebe Blakslee, his cousin, a native also of Brattleboro', born Dec. 5, 1794: In the year 1840 Dr. Blakslee came to Addison, en- gaged in the mercantile business, and also in lumbering. He built the firet steam saw-mill erected in the Canisteo Valley, and during the following twenty-five years was en- gaged more or less in the manufiicture of lumber, and raft- ing down the Canisteo, Chemung, and Susquehanna Rivers, to southern ports. Dr. Blakslee has given little attention to the practice of his profession, only as necessity required, during his residence in Addison. A Democrat from his youth, he has been honored by the citizens of Addison in official capacity for two terms as justice of the peace, and some thirty-one years as assessor. He is one of the old landmarks, and can look back to the pioneer his- tory of this part of New York, and see the now thriving villages and cities in place of a few houses or perhaps a wilderness tract, and reflect with interest upon the progress of schools, churches, and kindred interests as they have kept pace with advancing civilization and the growth of the country. Dr. Blakslee is, in all probability, the oldest member of the Masonic fraternity in the county, and possibly in the State, having been a Master Masson since he wa.s twenty- one, and a Royal Arch Mason for sixty-three years. -filfh^ DR. REUBEN P. BROWN (vas born in Bradford Co , Pa., April 1, 1818. His father, Adin Brown, was a native of Colerain, Mass. ; was married ;o Lydia Parmenter, a lady of Scotch descent. He was a Parmer by occupation, and iu early life removed to Sprin"- Seld, Bradford Co., Pa., then an almost unbroken wilder- ness, penetrating the forest from Tioga Point, being guided snly by marked trees. He was killed accidentally by being ihrown from his carriage down an embankment, as he was returning from church, in the year 1862. His age was seventy-eight. His wife died suddenly of heart-disease, iged sixty-nine. Their children, as follow,,, all reached maturity before there was a death in ihe family : Mrs. Eben 20 F. Parkhurst, Pennsylvania ; Darius (deceased) ; David, of Cayuga Bridge ; ]\Irs. I. W. Fassett (deceased), of Wells- ville, N. Y. ; Dr. R. P. Brown, of Addison, N. Y. ; Mrs. Orr Wilson (deceased), Pennsylvania; Mrs. Marion Wil- cox (decea.sed), Pennsylvania ; Dr. Elihu Brown, of Min- nesota; Frank, of Wells, Pa.; Rev. Henry C. Brown (deceased), Pennsylvania. At the age of fourteen Dr. Brown began the study of medicine with Dr. Theodore Wilder, of Pennsylvania, with whom he remained two years, followed with one year's study with Dr. Dexter Parkhurst. After a practice of one year in Austinville, Pa., he attended one course of lectures at Geneva Medical College, and re- turned to Austinville and resumed practice, which he con- 154 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. tinued fur eiy;ht years, and attended another course of lec- tures at Geneva, where he was graduated M.D. in the year 1848. The same year he .settled in Addison, where he at once met the strong competition of older and more experi- enced medical men. His perseverance, resolution, and .skill in his professional duties soon won for him a place in the front rank, where he has continued to stand until the present time. His skill as a surgeon has given him an enviable reputation, not only in his own village but in the surrounding towns, his practice extending through the southern tier of towns of the county, as well as to Chemung County, and across the line into the State of Pennsylvania. Dr. Brown is a member of the Steuben Coonty Medical Society, of the Hornellsville Academy of Medicine, and of the New York Medico-Legal Society. It may be stated as a historical fact that Dr. Brown was tlie first surgeon who amputated a limb at Addison. He has given little attention to politics, but has ever been interested in the great questions of the day, and unswerv- ingly identified with the Democratic party. In the year 1842 he married Sarah Maria, daughter of William Evans, of Bradford Co., Pa. ■ Their children living are Mrs. Arthur Erwin and Dr. Rush P. Brown, of Addi- son. The latter received his preliminary education at Dans- ville, Ijivingston Co., Alfred University, Allegany County, and Fallcy Seminary, Fulton, N. Y. At the age of twenty he began the study of medicine with his father, and after attending lectures at Bellevue Medical College and New York University, was graduated M.D. from the latter in- stitution at the age of twenty-four, in the year 1873. He enjoys, an extensive practice both in medicine and surgery. #-•- A V O C A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. AvoCA was erected from the towns of Bath, Cohocton, Howard, and Wheeler, April 12, 1843. It is an interior town, lying in the rich valley of the Conhocton River and upon the adjoining nplands, the valley being about a mile and a quarter in widtii, and of a rich alluvial deposit. The Conhocton flows tlirougli the town from northwest to south- east. Ten- and Twelve-Mile Creeks entering as tributaries from the north, and Neil's Creek from the west. The hills rise in some places abruptly, but generally by a gradual a.s- cent to a height of four hundred feet above the river. The soil upon the hills is chiefly gravel and clay, with a mixture of loam, and is good, productive farming land, largely cleared and in a good state of cultivation. For its size it is one of the most productive and flourishing towns in the county. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In an early day the territory embraced in the town of Avoca was a favorite hunting-ground of the numerous and warlike Seneca Indians. It was an unbroken wilderness, the home of the red man, the deer, the panther, the bear, and other wild animals. Civilization had not put its trans- forming hand upon it, and it was in its primeval condition, wild and romantic. The sound of the axeman or the hum of industry had not aroused the denizens of the forest from their wonted security, and the Indian only had roamed over its wooded hills and beautiful valley in excursions of pleasure or in the pursuit of game. The first white settlers within the bounds of this town were William Buchanan and his son Michael, in 1794.* *Some local authorities put the date at 1790. We think this an error. Mr. Buchanan was sent to the "Eight-Mile Tree" by Cul. AVilliamson to keep a house of entertainment in the interest of the settlement of that section, anil Col. Wiliiiimsou iliil not settle at Bath till 1793. Mr. Buchanan settled on the farm now known as the Levi Ky.sor Farm. The life of the father has in it some inter- esting incidents. When a lad of between seven and eight years he lived with his parents in the beautiful Wyoming Valley, and while thus living the inhabitants of that lovely valley suffered all the horrors of Indian warfare. Among the survivors was the young lad, William Buchanan, who was taken prisoner. His captors traveled westward until they arrived in the extreme western part of Pennsylvania or in Ohio. He was adopted by the chief of the tribe, and was treated kindly by his foster-father. The mother, how- ever, disliking the fondness of the chief for the little pale- face, contrived to send him away, with provisions to last him on the journey, to' the white settlements on the Susque- hanna, whither in due time he arrived safely. He had been with the Indians seven years, and had learned to speak their language much better than his mother-tongue. At about the age of twenty he was engaged to go on board a ship, after which he went to England, Wales, and several other countries, and finally came back to the United States. While anchored about three miles from land, it being night watch, his desire became so strong to become free, and a landsman again, that he forsook his post, plunged into the sea. and swam for the shore, which he finally reached in an exhausted condition. After leaving a seafaring life he found his way into one of the eastern counties of this State, whence he removed, with his family, to Avoca, and there spent his remaining days. Such was the beginning of the life of the first settler of this town. Soon after his arrival he erected his log house, and made it the home of the traveler, or of those who were seeking homes in this new country. There were no inns or taverns in all this section, and the only highway was the VVilliam.soii road through the Conhocton Valley to the i?^^^i#- 1869. I. J. Haskin. .< Henry Foults. 1870. S. E. Haskin. John E. Storms. l-uthcr G. Clark. 1871. I. J. Haskin. J. Wesley Calkins. W. G. Borden. Supervisors. Town t'lerks. Collectors. 1872. F. N. Barney. Chester Ellis. George H. Shults. 187.3. I. J. Haskin. W. H. AVuoil. W. G. Borden. 1874. D. E. Hoadley. Jii.mes Tuel. F. L. Shaver. 1875. Thomas Cotton. U it Wm. H. Hammond. 1876. " George J. Sliults. Alva Shunt. 1877. N. B. CUa.sc. _/ W. 11. Wno.l. William T. Slattcry 1878. ,. „ ~ U li S. B. Haskin. .TfSTICES OF THE I'KACE. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. Oliver Kicc. Simeon Holmes. Luther Tilton. Herman S. Rose. John L. Robords. Henry H. Bouton. John L. Rol)ords. Henry H. Bouton. Herman S. Rose. Salmon H. Palmer. John L. llobords. Allen Smith. James Silsbee. llernuin S. Rose. Henry Goif. Ira Tucker. Marcus Peck. Lawson R. ILxhI. Peleg Gorton. N. S. Wheeler. F. H. Guiwits. Ithiol C. Nichoson. Peleg Gorton. Sylvester D. Lewis. Lawson R. Hood, 1861. Poleg Gorton. 1802. Smith Tucker. 1863. Sylvester D. Lewis. George A. Fox. 1864. Nathaniel S. Wliccler. 1805. Peleg Gorton. 1866. Leonard Wilson. 1867. G. W. Towner. 1868. Nathaniel S. Wheeler. 1869. Peleg (iorton. 1870. G. W. Coolbaugh. Leonard Wils(ui. 1871. Forest H. Williams. Caleb C. Allen. 1872. G. W. Towner. M. A. Peek. 1873. F. H. Williams. 1874. Salmon H. Palmer, .lobn Allen. 1875. G. W. Coolbaugh. G. W. Towner. 1870. Alexander R. Ward. 1877. Salmon H. Palmer. M. B. Walker. J. B. Hamlin. CHURCHES. The religious sentiment of the early time was of the Christian denomination, who held their religious worship in the barn on the Buchanan farm, and continued to hold services there and in the log .school-house until 1827, when the first Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at East Hill. Elders Buzzel and Elisha Brownson were the first ministers of the gospel, but there was another minister, called the "star-gazer," who commenced to preach here about that time. The Christian denomination continued for some time to represent the predominant faith, but it commenced to die out gradually, and to-day but few remain of that order. At pre.sent the Baptists, Lutherans, and Methodists are the leading denominations of the village and town. The village of Avoca has three churches, — the Baptist, Lutheran, and Methodist, — in which are held regular ser- vices, and with which are connected prosperous Sunday- schools. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. The Baptist Church was organized Jan. 13, 1847, by adopting the Declaration of Faith and Church Covenant published by the New Hamp.shire Baptist State Convention. Twelve male and twonty-onc female members constituted the church as originally organized. Kev. Horace Spencer was the first pastor, and James Van Deuzer first deacon. On the 13th of August, 1847, the church was received into the Steuben Baptist Association, with which it is still in communion. The earliest meetings of the church were held in the 158 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. school-house and at private residences, and continued to be so held till 1852, when the present church edifice was erected. Since its organization this church has had the following pastors : Rev. Horace Spencer, Rev. James Halstead, Rev. A. W. Sunderland, Rov. Henry Robertson, Rev. S. T. Dean, Rev. J. J. White, Rev. R. S. Stowell, and Rev. Adelbert Chapman, the present minister. The Sunday- school numbers about 75 pupils. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. This church was organized the ninth day of April, 1842, by adopting the constitution, declaration, and discipline of the Franciscan Evangelical Lutheran Synod. The church had no property at that time. James Shults was its first pastor, and continued to preach to them two and a half years. The church called Joseph Strough as their second pastor, who settled with them in 1811, and preached about one year, after which their first pastor returned and supplied the church as a missionary for about one and a half years. After this, for about fifteen years, they had no stated preaching. Their first officers were : Elders, Richard Col- lier and Isaac Dillenbeck ; Deacons, John Kinkade and Benjamin Waggoner. The church at its organization con- sisted of 12 communicants besides its pastor. This church was reorganized July 30, 1867, adopting the constitution and formula of the Franciscan Evangelical Lutheran Synod, with which it is still in communion. It was incorporated July 26, 1868, and the church edifice dedicated in January, 1870. The value of the church property is 13000. The first pastor under the present organization was Rev. N. Clock. The following were the first officers : James Olmstead and Isaac Dillenbeck, Elders ; John Kinkade, Hiram Stattson, and George Fox, Deacons ; James Shults, H. A. Wall, and Daniel Fox, Trustees ; R. V. Whitbeck, Clerk. Rev. J. H. Webber succeeded Rev. N. Clock as pastor, July 13, 1870. The third pastor was Rev. D. W. Law- rence, from 1872 to 1874. The pulpit was vacant from that time till Nov. 6, 1877, when Rev. Wm. E. Churchill, the present pastor, was called. This church numbered at its organization 10 members; its communicants at present are 62. Present Elders, Isaac Dillenbeck, Hiram Stattson, and James Olmstead ; Deacons, James Shults, P. A. Van Valkenburgh, J. H. Wagner, Sut- ton Felch, Luther G. Clark ; Trustees, Wm. P. Bellinger, A. A. Wall, George Bellinger ; Clerk, George J. Shults. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Of this church no data has been furnished us for a his- tory. It has a fine edifice in the village, the church property being valued at 850U0. They maintain a prosper- ous Sunday-school, and have kept up regular services since their organization. MASONIC. The lodge was organized with about 20 charter members. Rev. George M. Coolbaugh being the first Master. As a lodge they have been from the first uniformly prosperous. and have at present one of the most flourishing lodges in Western New York. The Past Masters are Rev. G. W. Coolbaugh (deceased), J. N. Moore, W. H. Wood, Thomas Cotton, S. W. Cooper, H. E. Butler. The present Master is M. B. Walker. MILIT.^RY RECORD. Prior to the taxing of the towns to raise bounties for enlistments to fill the several quotas, or up to December, 1863, the town of Avoca raised by her contributions the sum of S3000 to aid enlistments. About. $600 were con- tributed by the Ladies' Soldiers' Relief Association. These sums were applied to the payment of bounties and other expenses connected with the enlistment of soldiers. In addition to these sums, $2000 for .soldiers' bounties were raised by tax on the taxable property of the town. Up to the time of the last call for 500,000 men, Avoca had put into the field 70 of her hardy .sons, more than her propor- tion up to that time, and under the last call her quota of 53 was promptly filled, making in all 123 men sent into the service. On account of quite a number going out of the county to enlist, and their residences not being put on the muster- rolls, it is impossible to give a complete list of the soldiers of this town. The following list, as complete as can be now obtained, has been sent us to be inserted in this place : James nanniiond, Trlinian Head, S. 0. Allen, John March, Ezra Beagle, Lnke Beagle, William March, Herkimer Shults, .\rie Van Wie, Josiali Shaver, Jeremiah Shaver, Jesse Rich, Samuel Banta, Levi Itandall, Artennis Dun- ton, Jos. W. Duiiton,Geo. E. Robords, Lyman Robords, Stillman Robords, J. W. Robords, Addison Robords, W. L. French, Jos. Jenks, James Cook, Hoiace Uammond,Thaddeu.s Ward, Jacob Sattsman, Wm. Sattsmaii, Wm. Martin, John Griswold, R. H. Collier, Joel Towner, Oliver Towner, Edwin Towner, Deloss Parkhill, Oscar Marcy, Thomas Raplee, Lyman McNeill, U. Mavlatt, W. F. Kelsey, .Alexander Van Pelt, M. Fitzmaurice, William H. Vnnck, William Cox, George Curtis, L. Alden, Alfred Olds, Frank Sager, Willis Sager, B. Stanton, Fred Chase, David Palmanteer, Albert Piatt, Byron Blarch. Hezekiah Fox, R. McNeill, J. B. Newton, Zina Calkins, William B. Overhiser, James Voorhees, Eugene Tucker, Isaac House, Henry Squires, Morris Loucks, Wesley Davis, William Fraley, John Doud, Ira Doud, Leroy Tucker, L. McCarthy, F. Tucker, E. ,\vei-y, William Avery, Silas Vrooman, Fred Graves, George Brownrigg, JLarcus Walker, Gi'orgc A. Collier, JL C. White, Solomon Smith, Abram Miller, Isaac Armstrong, U. H. Tobias, John N. Gillett, S. H. Houston, Henry Waffle, William J. Allen, O. W.Ormsby, William E. Haskin, Asa Demand- ville, Christopher Fox, Abner Robords, W. L. Allen, William Waterbury, B. Coidey, Fred Collier, Henry Hees, Whit Treat, J. B. Newton. LIST OF THOSE WHO WENT OCT WITH THE 189TH REGIMENT. Lieut. A. J. Alden, Squire Wessels, John Wataon, J. 0. Dunton, J. H. Kinkado, George A. Peck, Alonzo Vunck, Josiah Guiwitis, M. L. Deyo, F. N. Barney, J. W. Johnson, J. S. Fowler, Ira L. Goff, Joel Beagle, H. E. Butler, S. D. Briggs, J. Billinger, A. Carey, L. L. Ferris, George W. Gunsalas, J. E. Griswold, William B. Golden, A. Hooper, B. Hooper, D. Herrington, B. Herrington, Samuel Olds, W. W. Oxx, J. A. Palmanteer, Lorenzo Robords, Riley Rasey, Frank Randall, Robert Swart, Thomas Sherwood, Seth Tilbbs, Joseph Tucker, Oscar Tucker, B. Tobias, William B. Tobias, Luke H. Voorhees, F. Van Wormer, R. Woodmancy. LIST OF KILLED AND THOSE WHO DIED BY REASON OF WOUNDS RECEIVED IN THE SERVICE. William March, killed at Fredericksburg, May 25, 1862. William &iltsman, wounded at Cedar Creek, died from wound, Dec. 22, 1864. Robertson, killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Osair Marcy, morUally woundeii at the battle of Dallas, Ga. ; buried in Tennessee. Albert Piatt, wounded at Gettysburg, died. Willis Sager (color-bearer of lS8th), mortally wounded at Five Forks while fearlessly carrying his colors at the head of his regiment ; died April 29, 1SG5. Jacob Shumati, killed at Hatcher's Run. J. B. Newton, killed at Dallas, Ga. LIST OF THOSE WHO DIED FROM DISEASES CONTRACTED IN THE SERVICE. Byron March, served throe years and re-enlisted; died at home, Feb. 29, 1865. Ranson McNeil, died in Washington, D. C, Dec. 15, 1863. iJ ,iX^ ^::^^^^!'^X^i Christopder Patterson, M.D., was born in North- umberland Co., England, on the river Tyne, Nov. 22, 1819. His father, Roger Patterson, was also a native of Eng- land ; married Ann Pegg, and with bis family of six chil- dren — Joseph, Edward, John, Mrs. Clute, Christopher, and Mrs. Norris Markham — emigrated to America in 1825, and settled in Otsego County, where they remained four years, and removed to Steuben County, settling in South Dans- ville in 1829. From boyhood, Mr. Patterson, senior, followed the life of a shepherd, but on coming to this country became a farmer, which he followed until his death, which occurred in 1852, at the age of eighty-four. His wife still survives, and resides on the farm where they first settled in Dans- ville, being now the oldest resident of the town, and in her eighty-ninth year. One son, Koger, was born in this country, and died at the age of nineteen. Dr. Patterson received during his minority a good edu- cation. At the age of twenty he became a teacher, which he followed for five years, his last term being as a teacher in Howard Academy. In 18-44 he entered the ofiice of Dr. Bowen, of South Dansville, as a student of medicine, remaining only one winter, followed by three years as a student with Dr. A. B. Case, of Howard. His lecture course was at Geneva Medical College, where he was grad- uated M.D. in 1848, and .settled in Steuben Co., Indiana, where he practiced his profession for four years, and re- turned to this county, Dansville, and was in practice two years. In 1854 he married Matilda, daughter of William J. and Polly Neally, of Bath, this county. Her father and grandfather came to this county in 1812, settling near Kanona, and hence were among the pioneers of that part of the county. She was born in the town of Bath in 1820, and on the place where her father first settled on coming to this county, and where he died, Jan. 18, 1858, aged sixty- nine. Her mother died at the age of sixty-seven, Jan- uary, 1866. Soon after his marriage. Dr. Patterson settled in Avoca as a practicing physcian, and has remained here continuously in practice, with little exception, until the present time. As early as 1845, before his graduation, Dr. Patterson received a license to practice medicine from the Board of Censors of the Steuben County Medical Society, and since which time he has been a member of that society, being its president for one year, and one of the examining board for two years. His professional career for most of the time has been one of constant labor and care, and marked with such activity and expo.sure as to somewhat impair his health during his years of practice. Politically, Dr. Patterson has been an active and interested member of the Whig party and of the Republican party until iluring the late Rebellion, since which time he has been identified with the Democratic party. Not solicitous of public oflBce, he has declined oflScial position, preferring rather the quiet of his profes- sional duties. He is ranked among the skillful, honest physi- cians of Steuben County, possessed of resolution and firm- ness, and a conscientious regard and .sympathy for the needy requiring medical assistance, as well as for families of wealth. ^p^^c'f-^iy^^.j^T^i^o-^^ Alexander Arnold was born in Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y., Jan. 20, 1808, and married Kacliel Henderson, a native of the same county, born Nov. 10, 1808. Wliile a resident of Washington County he was a farmer. His chihb'en l)orn tlierc were Mary Jane (died in infancy), and one son, Lyman, horn Nov. 12, 1828. He settled in Spring- water, Livingston Co., in 1837, and in November of tiie same year c-ame to Bath, Steuben Co. (now Avoca), and ])nrciiased two hundred and forty acres of land, to which lie made additions, owning at the time of his death four hundred acres, and on which his son Lyman and grandchildren reside. One son, Jay W., was born in Steuben County, July, 1842, and is now a resident of Wisconsin. Mr. Arnold, besides being a representative agri- culturist, was a breeder of fine sheep, and for many years gave much attention to sheep husbandry. He was a man of great energy and resolution, possessed of integrity of purj>ose in all his business relations, consideration, and independent tliouglit. He was a liberal contributor to church interests, and gave largely in the construction of the First Baptist Church at Avoca. Both he and his wife were members of that church, and had been con- nected with church interests prior to settling in this county. Mr. Arnold w:us otten solicited to accept office, but preferred the cpiiet attention to his own aflfliirs. In ]K)lities he was formerly a Whig, then a Repub- lican, and diu-ing the latter part of iiis life a Demo- crat. His wife died in 18G2, and he married, in 1864, Betsey E., widow of tiie late Jose|)h N. Bradish, of Rochester, who survives him. He died Sept. 8, 1877. His son Lyman married for his first wife Mary Jane McNeil, of Avoca, Jan. 8, 1850, of which union was born one son, Alexander J. She died May 4, 1852. For his .second wife he married, Feb. 10, 1853, Magdalene Shults, of Avoca, born March 16, 1827. The children of this marriage are William H., Eugene S., and Jjincoln J. TOWN OF AVOCA, 159 Uzal Marlatt, died March 9, 1SC5. Zilia Calkins, died in tlieservicc and liinicd in Virginia. Herltimoi- Slinlts, died at bonie. Isaac Honse, discharged on account of sicltness; died on liis way Iionie. Benjamin Welch, died in service. Eugene Tucker (188th Regt), died at home. Billson, died in service; buried in Virginia. Henry Squires, died in prison at Belle Isle. Morris Loucks (22d New York Cav.), died in .\nderson\ illc jirison. Wesley Davis, died soon after being released from .\ndersonvill6. Jeremiah Shaver, died at home. John Doud (prisoner at Andersonville), died at liome. Le Roy Tucker, died at Harper's Ferry, Va. Lafayette McCarthy (lU7th), died in Tennessee. Hezekiah Fo.i.died at Laurel, Md., Nov. 13, 1862. Edwin Avery, died Dec. 1, 1802. William Avery, died in service. Silas Vrooman, died in service, Oct. 5, 186.'). R. Hooper (189th), died in service in Virginia. Stillman Robords, died at home. James Cook (Hist), died in Tennessee. Jonas Emmons, Menzo Deyo, and Silas Sliaver (101st), died from diseuse. Andrew J. Alden, (lieut. lS9th). died at home. John E. Griswold, died at home. Freii Graves, died in service. William Everett, died I'rom disease. Among those who were the most active (except those who marched to the front) in the use of their time and means in promoting the best interests of the government during the Rebellion are Salmon H. Palmer, Henry Rob- ertson, Nathaniel B. Chase, Isaac Baldwin, Jacob H. Collier, Orange Hilton, Leonard Wilson, George Fox, Joel Carring- tou, Christopher Wheeler, Peleg Gorton, Abraham Vroo- man, Joseph Mathewson, John W. Calkins, Oscar S. Smith, and others whose names the writer has been unable to learn. was iiiarrieJ, Dec. 31, 1844, to Laura, daughter of John and Rlary Willys. He had two children— Valentine, through BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. 11. IL BODTON. Henry H. Bouton was born in Windham, Conn., April 4, 1815, being the son of Russell and Mary Bouton. His father was a tanner by trade, which occupation he followed till he moved to Steuben County about the year 1819, and settled in the town of Howard, now Avoca, still carrying on the tanning business, in connection with farming, for a few years, after which he devoted his whole time to farming. Henry is the oldest of a family of eight children, four of whom are now living. He was reared on the farm, and en- joyed only such privileges for an education as the district school afforded, except one term at a select school ; but by close application and continued perseverance he was enabled to gain sufficient education to entitle him to teach, which he followed several terms in his own county and in the State of Ohio. He was in every way a representative man. He was justice of the peace for several terms, supervisor for several years, and clerk of the Board of Supervisors for about twenty years, during which time he originated and issued the first pamphlet containing the proceedings of the Board of Supervisors for Steuben County. He represented his district in the State Legislature in 1852-53, having been a member of the Republican party from its organization. He whom this sketch and portrait is inserted, and Ada, wife of Charles Magee, of Bath. He died Nov. 3, 1876. THOMAS COTTON was born in the town of Dansville, this county, April G, 1831. His father, Silas Cotton, Jr., was a native of Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y., born Aug. 9, 1800 ; was a farmer by occupation ; married Lydia, daughter of I'eter and Lydia Boyce, of Granville, Washington Co., 1826. She was born Aug. 26, 1804. They removed to Steuben County in 1827, and settled in the town of Dansville, where they remained as farmers until 1865, when they removed to the town of Avoca, where Mr. Cotton, Sr., died, Oct. 20, 1871. His wife still survives, and resides with her only son. Their children are Eliza (died young) and an only son, Thomas. His grandfather, Silas Cotton, was a native of Rhode Island, and became an early settler in Wa.shington County. Mr. Cotton remained at home during his minority, and received a fair education at the common school and at Rogersville Academy. Jan. 17, 1859, he married Ann S., daughter of Samuel H. Allen (2d), of the town of Howard. Her grandfather, William Allen, was a pioneer settler of that town, and came there in 1810 from Montgomery County. Her mother, Ann Stevenson, was a native of Howard, and her maternal grandfather, John Stevenson, supposed to have been a native of Argyle, Washington Co., as he came from that county with his family and settled in Howard during the early settlement of that town. Her mother died 1839 ; her father survives, and lives in the town of Avoca. Mrs. Cotton was born March, 1839. After his marriage, iNIr. Cotton remained in the town of Dansville, on the homestead, until 1865, when he disposed IGO HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. of the farm there, and purchased a farm in the Conhocton Valley, one mile north of the villuge of Avoca, where he now resides, a view of whicii, with his improvements, may be seen on another page of this work. Mr. Cotton has spent his life thus far as an agi'iculturist, and is known as a representative farmer. He is identified with the Democratic party in politics, and represents the unswerving members of his party. Wliile a resident of Dansville he officiated as justice of the peace for one term, and since his re.sidence in the town of Avoca he has repre- sented his town for two terms, 1875-70, on the Board of Supervisors. In the fall of 1877 he was the Democratic nominee for nieniber in his district, and although unsucces- ful in the district, received a large majority in his own town, notwithstanding the regular majority was on the Republican side. Mr. Cotton is interested in all matters of local in- terest tending to benefit society, a man of resolution and will to carry forward to a successful completion whatever he conceives to be right. He belongs to the class of thrifty, enterprising farmers who represent the intelligent agricultu- rists of the county. Their children are Bayard, Sarah, Charles 0., and Eliza. -o-^-OOC-t- BATH. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Bath is the largest town of Steuben County. It con- tains an area of 57,21 2 acres, of which 38,620 acres are im- proved lands, and 17,892 acres unimproved. Of this latter 12,708 acres are timbered lands. The town is centrally located in the county, and is bounded by Avoca, Wheeler, and Urbana on the north, Bradford on the east, Campbell, Thurston, and Cameron on the south, and Howard on the west. The surface of the town is broken and hilly. The Conhocton Valley, extending southeast through the centre, divides the town into two nearly equal parts. The south half is a hilly upland, and the north half consists of a series of wide valleys, broken by several steep and isolated hills. The streams are the Conhocton River and its tributaries, Five-Mile and Mud Creeks from the north, and Campbell's and Stockton's Creeks from the south. The Crooked or Keuka Lake Valley extends southeast, and opens into the Conhocton Valley at Bath, three hundred and forty feet above the lake. The soil is chiefly a gravelly and clayey loam, with a deep alluvium in the valleys. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlement in this town was made at Bath village, in 1793, by Capt. Charles Williamson, agent for the Pulteney estate, with fifteen families, mostly Scotch and Germans. On the 3d day of June, 1792, Capt. Williamson left the small settlement at the mouth of the Lycoming River, on the west branch of the Susi|uehanna, and entered the wilderness northward. In ten days he reached the Cowanesque Creek. He caused a road to be made across the country, over mountains and valleys hitherto deemed impassable, which excited the curiosity of the frontier in- habitants of Pennsylvania, and many were induced to ex- plore the unknown wilderness to the north. Many turned back disgusted, while others pressed forward, pleased with the prospects ofl'ered in the new country. It was thus that several settlements were begun in the south part of the county, the principal of which was on the Conhocton River. The village of Bath was laid out in the midst of a wilder- ness of 900,000 acres. Early in the season of 1793 a saw- mill was built, and before the winter set in a grist-mill was finished. In the year 1794, several new settlements were made along the Conhocton, in Pleasant Valley and Bartles' Hollow. At the same time Bath increased in population. On the most convenient sites mills were built, and roads were opened, presenting throughout the country a scene of enterprise and industry. So great was the influx of popu- lation into the county, early in the year 1796, that Bath and a district of country eight miles round were found to contain over 800 inhabitants. There were also two schools, one grist-mill, and five saw-mills. The following-named persons were some of the earliest settlers of Bath : Dugald and Charles Cameron, Thomas Metcalfe, Hector McKonzie, Andrew Smith, George Mc- Clure, James McDonald, Henry McElwee. James Reese, Robert Campbell, William Dunn, William Kersey, John Wilson, George D. Cooper, Daniel McKenzie, and Gus- tavus and Brown Gillespie. The first saw- and grist-mills were erected by Capt. Williamson in 1793, and the first tavern was opened the same year by John Metcalfe. Charles Williamson Dunn, born in 1794, was the first white male child born in the town. The settlement was begun in 1793, and "before the end of the season," says Mr. Williamson, " not less than fifteen families were resi- dent in the village." On New Year's day, 1794, Mr. Henry McElwee, a young man from the north of Ireland, arrived in Bath. He sub- sequently gave his impressions substantially as follows : " I found a few shanties standing in the wood. Williamson had his house where Will Woods has since lived, and the Metcalfes kept a log tavern above the Presbyterian church. I went to the tavern and a.sked for supper and lodging. They said they could give me neither, for their house was full. I could get nothing to eat. An old Dutchman was sitting there, and he said to me, ' Young man, if you will go with me you shall have some mush and milk for your .supper, and a deer-skin to lie on with your feet to the fire COUftT \IOUSE. 1826 VIEWS IN BATH.fJEW YORK. in PULTENtY SgUAf^t -; ' TOWN OF BATH. 161 and another to cover yourself with.' I told him that I thanked hitu kindly, and would jro along. We went up through the woods to where St. Patrick's Square now is, and there the Dutchman had a little log house. There was no floor to it. I made a supper of mush and milk, and laid down with my feet to the fire and slept soundly. The Dutchman was traveling through to the Gene.see. hut his children were taken sick and he stopped there till they got well." In McMaster's " History of the Settlement of Steuben County" we find the following: " The trees had at this time been cut away only to admit of the erection of cabins for the accommodation of the few citizens, and to open a road through the forest. In the spring of 1794, Mr. McElwee, under the direction of Capt. Williamson, made the first clearing, being the Pulteuey Square and four acres behind the agent's house for a garden, for the cultivation of which he afterwards imported a gardener from England. The trees on the square were chopped carefully close to the ground. A single pine was left standing in front of the agency-house for a liberty tree. It was trimmed so as to leave a tuft at the top, and stood nodding defiance at despotism for several year.*, when it was blown down in a storm." Gen. George McClure was one of the early settlers of Bath. In 1850, while residing in Elgin, 111., he prepared, at the request of the publishers of McMaster's history, a narrative of his personal recollections of the early men and times of this locality. From this narrative we shall make such extracts as are adapted to our purpose in the present chapter. " Rev. James H. Hotchkin, in his ' History of the Pres- byterian Church in Western New York,' makes some severe strictures on the character of Capt. Williamson and his settlers. He says, ' They were principally from Europe or the States of Maryland and Virginia, with a qmnkliiig of Yankees, who came to make money. The state of society,' he remarks, ' was very dissolute. The Sabbath was disre- garded. Drinking, gambling, carousing, horse-racing, at- tending the theatre, with other concomitant vices, were very general, and numbers of those who moved in the high circle were exceedingly depraved.' I do not know from what source such information was obtained; but this I know, that the Sabbath was not desecrated in the village of Bath in the manner that he represents. We had but two public- houses in that village for many years. One was kept by the Metcalfe family, and the other by old Mr. Cruger, and after him by Mr. Bull. Neither of tho.se houses suffered gambling or carousing on the Sabbath. Nor did I ever hear of a horse-race on the Sabbath in Bath, nor of theatrical amusements on that day. There were not more than four or five families from Maryland and Virginia that settled in Bath ;* the other part of the population were at least one- half Yankees, and the other half foreigners and Penn.syl- vanians. Now I would say that instead of a ' sprinkling of Yankees,' we had a heavy shower of them. I do not be- lieve, however, that they were a fair sample of the sons of * Major Presley Thornton, who was the first occupant of the groat Sprintjjield Ifoiinf, a mile and a half below Bath, and Capt. William Helm, two Virginians, were the principal Southern men who located at Bath. the Pilgrims, for a good many of them, to say the least, were no better than they should be. I trust that nothing in my remarks will be considered invidious. I do not intimate by any means that Rev. Mr. Hotchkin would knowingly state an untruth, but that he has not been correctly informed in relation to the character of a large proportion of the early settlers " Among the number of the most respectable Scotch emi- grants were Charles Cameron and Dugald, his brother. These two young men were first-rate specimens of the Scotch character for intelligence and integrity, as well as for other amiable qualities. Charles Cameron was a merchant, and the first to open a store in Bath. He was also the first postmaster by appointment of Capt. Williamson, who paid all the expenses of transporting the mail once a week to and from Northumberlaud.f Some fifteen or twenty years after he obtained the appointment of sub-agent of the Hornby estate, from John Greig, Esq., of Canandaigua, the chief agent, and removed to the village of Greene, Chenango Co. Few men pos.se.ssed -stronger intellectual powers than Dugald Cameron. He was highly respected by all classes of his neighbors and acquaintances. He was a clerk in the land-oSJce for some time, until he and Gen. Haight were appointed sub-agents by Col. Troup. He was a great favorite of the people of Steuben. In 1828 they elected him as their representative in the Legislature of the State, which office, with some reluctance, he accepted. While at Albany attending to the duties of his station, he was seized with a violent ailment, and after a short and painful struggle departed this life, leaving a wife and a numerous family of children, most of whom have since died. His death was lamented by all his relations, friends, and acquaintances." Andrew Smith, a trustworthy Scotchman, had the charge of the farming operations of Col. Williamson, such as the clearing of the land for cultivation, and other kinds of labor. He had generally from thirty to fifty men, and sometimes more, in his employ, while Gen. McClure had nearly as many in the house-building department. Muckle Andrew (as they called him, being a large man) and Gen. McClure were great cronies. They were both single men, and kept bachelors' hall. They generally met on Saturday evenings, alternately, in each other's apartments. " We had in those days," says Gen. McClure, " plenty of the joyful, but we seldom carried matters so far as to get decently tipsy. We violated no pledge, for even ministers of the gospel and deacons, in those days, kept on their sideboards a full supply of the best Cognac, wine, and old whisky. " The finst topic of conversation was the bu.sincss of the past week and what progress we had made in our respective vocations. The uext business in order was a drink, then a story or a song. Andrew told the stories and I did the singing. My songs were generally the productions of Burns, such as Scots wha ha' wi' Wallace bled, Wlia'U he King but Charlie, and Auld Lang Syne. The last verse we always sung standing. My good friend Andrew had one favorite standing toast, which was as follows: f An old FrcDchman lived at the " block-house" on Laurel Ridge, sixty-five miles distant from Bath. Thomas Corbitt, the mail-rider in 1794, went thither weekly for the Steuben County bag. 162 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YOEK. " ' Here's to niyscl', co' a' to mysel', Wi' a' my heart here's to me ; Here's to mysel' co' a' to mysel". And muckle guid may it do me.' Andrew Smith, in 1708, removed to iiis farm, three miles below Bath, where his grandson, Seneca S. Smith, now resides. He had the following children : Charles A. Smith (deceased) ; Maria, still living ; John J. Smith, now residing on a portion of the old homestead ; Andrew (deceased) ; Nancy and Eliz;ibeth, both living in the West. His grandchildren, sons and daughters of Charles A. Smith, are John L. Smith, Jane (Mrs. Hezekiah Decker), Jackson Smith, Nancy (Mrs. Julius Smith), William Smith, C. F. Smith (deceased), Seneca S. and Otis H. Smith. John J. Smith's children are. a.s follows : Elizabeth (Mrs. C. Ellis), Mary A. (unmarried), Margaret J. (Mrs. Philip Van Scoter, of Horuelisville), Alice (now a teacher in the State Normal School of New Jersey), Fanny (Mrs. Frank Brundage), and Hattie A., wife of Dr. Ira P. Smith, of Bath. There were a number of respectable young men, natives of Scotland, arrived in Bath in the years 1793 and 1794, among whom was Hector McKenzie, said to be the son of a Scotch laird, who was employed as clerk in the land- oiEcc.* Also, about this time, arrived Robert Campbell, father of Lieut.-Gov. Robert Campbell, Jr., and Daniel McKenzie, both respectable mechanics. Mr. Campbell was an indus- trious and exemplary citizen, and a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church. There was also old Mr. MuUen- der, with a very interesting family, who settled on a farm of Capt. Williamson's, near Bath. They were from Scot- land, and removed afterwards to the old Indian Castle, near Geneva. Henry McElwee and William, his brother, Frank Scott, Charles McClure, Gustavus and Brown Gillespie, Samuel and John Metier, with their large families, were natives of the north of Ireland, whose ancestors were of Scotch descent. They are all dead and gone long since. Henry McElwee has a son Henry, now an old man, residing on his farm at Mud Creek. William Dunn, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Bath in the spring of 1793, and kept for a short time a house of entertainment. He was appointed sheriff of the county after its organization. He was a very gentlemanly man. He entered largely into land speculation without capital, and, like many others, his visionary prospects soon vanished. He moved to Newtown, where he shortly after died. Mr. Dunn had two brothers who came to Bath with him, or shortly after, — Robert and Joseph. The former was called Col. Dunn. This military title he obtained on his way from York Co., Pa., to Bath. He was one of a company of adventurers and speculators, who agreed that they should introduce each other by certain assumed titles : some judges, others generals, colonels, majors, but none below the grade of captain. This Col. Dunn would pass anywhere as a gentleman of the -first rank in society. * McKenzie died in the West Indies. Old Mr. Cruger moved from Newtown to Bath, and kept the house formerly occupied by William Dunn, on the southeast corner of the Pulteney Square. Mr. Cruger was a native of Denmark, — a very pleasant man, full of anecdote and mother wit. He was the father of Gen. Daniel Cruger, a sketch of whose life appears in the history of the Bench and Bar of this county. General McClure gives the following autobiographical notes :f " I was born in Ireland in the year 1770. My ancestors emigrated from Scotland and settled not far from the city of Londonderry. They belonged to a religious sect called Covenanters, who for conscience' sake had to fly from their country to a place of greater safety, and out of the reach of their cruel and bigoted persecutors. I was kept at school from the age of four years till fifteen. The character and qualifications of those Irish pedagogues, to whom the edu- cation of youth was then committed, is not generally under- stood in this country. They were cruel and tyrannical in the mode and manner of chastising their pupils. Their savage mode of punishment for the least oflfense was dis- graceful. " After leaving school I chose to learn the trade of a carpenter, and at the age of twenty I resolved to come to America. I therefore embarked on board the ship Mary, iif Londonderry, for Baltimore. We made a quick and pleasant voyage of five weeks. I landed in Baltimore the first week in June, in good health and spirits. The whole of my property consisted of three suits of clothes, three dozen linen shirts, and a chest of tools. As soon as I landed I stepped into a new building, where a number of carpenters were at work, and inquired for the master-builder. I asked him if he wished to employ a journeyman. He said that he did, and inquired how much wages I asked. My answer was that I could not tell ; that I knew nothing of the usages of the country, as I had but a few minutes before landed from the ship. " ' Then,' said he, ' I presume you are an Englishman.' " ' Not exactly, sir,' I replied. ' Although I have been a subject of King George the Third, of England, my place of nativity was Ireland, but I am of Scotch descent.' " ' Ah, well, no matter. Come to-morrow morning and try your hand.' " I did so, and worked for him two months, when he paid me $75. Thinks I to myself, this is a good beginning, better than to have remained in Ireland and worked for two shillings and sixpence a day. " I then determined to see more of the land of liberty ; for at this time I had never traveled beyond the limits of the city. I had some relations near Chambersburg, Pa., and made preparations to visit them. In those days there were no stages, only from city to city on the seaboard. All the trade of the backwoods was carried on by pack-horses, and some few wagons where roads were suitable. I was advised to purchase and fit out a pack-horse, but as to do this would use up half my means, I concluded to be my f Gen. McClure was eighty years old when this narrative was written. At the age of sixty-four he removed to Elgin, III., where he died in the summer of 1851. JOHN L.SMITH. JV1RS.J0HN L.SMITH. JOHN L. SMITH. The subject of this sketch is of Scotch origin of the third generation. His grandfather, Andrew, was born in Lockerby, Dumfrieshire, Scotland, in 1761, and came to America, and settled in the town of Bath, with Cap- tain Williamson, in 1793. He married Elizabeth Lewis, a native of Orange Co., N. Y. He had a family of six children, viz. : Charles A., deceased ; Maria, widow of Dominick Quinn ; John J. ; Andrew, deceased ; Nancy, wife of Andrew Smith, residing in Minnesota; and Elizabeth, wife of James Rutherford, also a resident of Minnesota. Charles A., eldest son of Andrew Smith, was born in the town of Bath, in October, 1796, and married Azilla Morgan, of Bath, N. Y., by whom eight children were boiu, viz.: John L. ; Elizabeth, wife of H. Decker; Andrew J. ; Nancy, vvife of J. J. Smith, resides at Indianaj)olis, Ind. ; Wm. M., deceased ; C. F., deceased; and S. S., who now lives on the old homestead in Bath. Charles A. and his father ^vere both farmers by oc- cupation, of whom mention is made in the town history. Charles A. died in March, 1865, and his wife in June, 1874. John L. Smith, eldest son of Charles A. and Azilla Smith, was born in the town of Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y., Dec. 31, 1822. He received a common-school education, and spent one term in the select school at Bath. He taught school for several winters. He wa.-^ reared a farmer, and has continued to follow the same occupation successfully to the present time. He married Miss Lois M., daughter of Samuel and Betsey (Dudley) Le Gro, of Bath, March 4, 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Le Gro were natives of Bangor, Me., and settled in Bath in 1814. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Smith three children have been born, namely : Charles L., Betsey D., and Azilla M. Mrs. Smith died March 26, 1877. Mr. Smith re- mained at home with his parents until 1853, when he settled on the farm where he now resides, his father having purcha.sed fifty acres of the same about 1847. Mr. Smith has been the architect of his own fortune, and his success is a fair example of what can be accom- plished by industry and frugality. He has some two hundred and ten acres in his home farm, besides more than three hundred acres elsewhere. In politics he affiliated with the Democratic party until the Kansas and Nebraska difficulties, when he be- came a strong supporter of the Republican party. He has held several town offices to the general satisfaction of his constituents. He was supervisor for two terms during the war, and was very energetic in getting the quota from his town filled. He has also been assessor and highway commissioner. TOWN OF BATH. 163 own pack-horse, and set out on foot for the far West, leaving the heaviest part of my goods and chattels to be forwarded at the first opportunity. I made good headway the first day, but I had put on too much steam and became foot- sore. I stopped for the night at the house of a wealthy German fiirmer, wiio had a large family of children, males and females, most of them grown up. Mine host and his good-lookingy/-«(« could not speak a word of English. He was very inquisitive, but he might as well have talked Hin- doo to me as German, as I could answer them only in their own way by a kind of grunt and shake of the head, which meant ' I can't understand.' So lie called his son Jacob (who had been at an English school) to act as interpreter. He told his son to ask me whence I came, and whether or not I was a. forfloxighter Irishman (that is, in-plain English, a d d Irishman). Thinks I, this is a poser, and I answered judiciously, and I think correctly, under all the circumstances. I told him I was a Scotchman, as in Ire- land all Protestants go by the name of Scotch or English, as the case may be. My Dutch landsman appeared to be satisfied, and we had a very social chat that evening to a late hour. The fomily were all collected, young and old, to hear of the manners and customs of the Scotcli. They seemed to take a great liking to me, and it was well for me that I had become quite a favorite, for my feet were so blistered with traveling that I could not move. I remained several days till I got over my lameness. When I called for my bill I was told that all was free, and was invited to remain a few days longer. I set out on my journey re- freshed and encouraged by the hospitality and kindness of that amiable Dutch family. " In three days thereafter I reached Chambersburg, which is one hundred miles west of Baltimore. I re- mained there until the spring following, when I discovered in the newspapers an advertisement, signed by Charles Wil- liamson, offering steady employment and high wages to mechanics and laborers who would agree to go with him to the Genesee country. Thinks I, ' This is a good chance, and I will embrace it.' I set out immediately for North- umberland, the headquarters of Mr. Williamson On my arrival there I was told that Capt. VV. had started, with a numerous- company of pioneers, to open a road through the wilderness to his place of destination, — one hundred and forty miles.* " I had some relations and other particular friends and acquaintances in that country. An uncle of mine, by the name of Moore, who came with his family from Ireland in the year 1790, had settled near the village of Northumber- land. I made Uncle Moore's my home until I heard of Capt. Williamson's arrival at Bath, when I again made my preparations to set out for the land of promise, accompa- nied by my Uncle Moore, — a man who had never traveled more than twenty miles from his old homestead in all his life, excepting on his voyage to America. I told him that if his object in coming to this country was to purchase land for himself and his sons, he ought, without delay, to go to the Genesee country, where he could purchase first- rate land for one dollar per acre. This was all true, though * See account of this road in another chapter. I was somewhat selfish in making the proposition, as I did not like to travel alone through the wilderness, liable to be devoured by panthers, bears, and wolves ; so I eventually persuaded the old gentleman to accompany me. The old lady. Aunt Moore, packed up provisions enough for at least a four weeks' journey. " We mounted a pair of good horses and set out. We had only traveled twenty miles when we came to a large rapid stream or creek, which, from late heavy rains, was bank full. Uncle Moore concluded to retrace his steps homeward. I told Iiim I could not agree to that. • Why, we will be laughed at.' " ' Well,' said he, ' they may laugh if they please.' And would go no fartliei-. " ' Very well,' said I, ' if that is your determination, I will remain here until the water falls; but I see a house close by and a large canoe (the first I had ever seen). Let us go and inquire whether it would be safe to swim our horses alongside of it.' " We were told there was no danger, and two men ven- tured to set us over. Uncle Moore proposed that I should go over first with my horse, and if I made a safe voyage to send back for him. We landed in .safety. I got the old gentleman just where I wanted him. He must now go ahead, as his retreat was now cut off. In the mean time I had learned that there were two other large streams ahead of us, the first called the Loyal Sock, within twelve miles, and the Lycoming, eight miles beyond. There was no in- habitant near. What was to be done ? I told Uncle Moore we must do one of two things, either swim our horses across or camp on the bank till the river falls; but I thought there was no danger in swimming, as it was a deep stream and not rapid. I proposed to go over first, and if I arrived safely he must follow, if he thought proper. I gave him directions to hold his horse quartering up the stream, and seize with his right hand the horse's mane; not look down in the water, but straight across to some object on the other side. I passed over without difficulty. The old gentleman hesitated for some time. At length he plunged in, and crossed with ease. We soon after arrived at the bank of the Lycoming Creek. That stream was high and outrageously rapid. We concluded to wait till it became fordable. We stopped at the house of one Thompson, remained there several days, overhauled our clothing and provisions, and made another fresh start, and entered the wilderness on Capt. Williamson's new road. There were no houses between Lycoming and Painted Po.st, a distance of ninety-five miles, except one in the wilderness, kept by a semi-barbarian, or, in other words, a half-civilized Frenchman, named Anthony Sun. He did not bear a very good character, but we were obliged to put up with him for the night or encamp in the woods. The next night wo slept soundly on a bed of hemlock on the bank of the Tioga River. Next day, about twelve o'clock, we arrived at Ful- ler's tavern. Painted Post. We ordered dinner of the very best they could afford, which consisted of fried venison and hominy. After dinner we concluded to spend the afternoon in visiting the few inhabitants of the neighborhood. First we called upon Judge Knox, who entertained us with a de- scription of the country and his own adventures. We next 1 04 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY. NEW YORK. called on Benjamin Eaton, who kept a little store of goods, and, after an introduction by Judge Knox to the rest of the neighborhood, returned to our hotel and put up for the night. In the morning we started for Bath, a distance of eighteen miles. When we reached the mouth of Mud Creek, we found that a house of entertainment had been erected there, and was kept by one Thomas Corbit, who came from Pennsylvania with Williamson's company. Thomas had been a soldier of the Revolution, and could sing an unaccountable number of patriotic songs, ' Hail ! Columbia' among the rest. Some thirty years after he be- came poor and helpless. I procured for him a pension, through Henry Clay, but he did not live long to enjoy it. " We arrived at Bath and put up at the only house of entertainment in the village (if it could be called a house). Its construction was of pitch-pine logs, in two apartments, one story high, kept by a very kind and obliging English family of the name of Metcalfe. This house was the only one in town except a similar one erected for the temporary abode of Capt. Williamson, which answered the purpose of parlor, dining-room, and land-oiBce. There were besides some shanties for mechanics and laborers. " I called on Capt. Williamson, and introduced myself to him as a mechanic. I told him that I had seen his ad- vertisement, and, in pursuance of his invitation, had come to ask employment. • Very well,' said he ; ' young man, you shall not be disappointed.' He told me I should have the whole of his work, if I could procure as many hands as necessary. We entered into an agreement. He asked me when I should be ready to commence business. I told him that I must return to Northumberland and engage some hands there, and send our tools and baggage up the north branch of the Susquehanna to Tioga Point, that being the head of boat-navigation. " I introduced Uncle Moore to him ; told him that he came all the way to see the country, and that, if he liked it, he would purcha,se a farm and move on it with his family. He made a selection four miles west of Bath, on which some of his family now reside. " We returned immediately to Northumberland, hired a few young men,^carpenters. We shipped our tools and baggage on a boat, sold my horse, and we went on foot to Bath, arriving there in five days. One more trip was neces- sary before we could commence business, as our ba£";as;e *> ' CO o would be landed at Tioga Point. There were no roads at that time through the narrows on the Chemung for wagons to pass with safety ; therefore eight of us started on foot for the Point. When we came within four miles of New- town, we discovered a number of canoes, owned by some Dutch settlers. I purchased four of them. One of them was a very large one, which I bought of a funny old Dutch- man, who said his canoe ' wash de granny from de whole river up.' My companions gave me the title of commodore, and insisted on my taking command of the large canoe. I selected as a shipmate a young man by the name of Gordon, who was well skilled in the management of such a craft. We laid in provisions for the voyage and a full supply of the joyful. We pushed our little fleet into the river, and with wind and tide in our favor, arrived at Tioga Point in four hours, a distance of twenty-four miles. We shipped our goods and set out with paddles and long setting-poles against a strong current. Then came the tug of war. Many times we were obliged to land, and, with a long rope, tow our vessel up falls and strong riffles, and in ascending the Conhocton we had to cut through many piles of drift- wood. Our progress was slow. We made the trip from the Point (sixty-six miles) in nine days. It was the hardest voyage I ever undertook. We were the first navigators of the Conhocton River. " By this time Capt. William.son had erected two saw- mills on the Conhocton, near Bath, and they were in full operation. Houses were erected as fast as 30 or 40 hands could finish tliem. Capt. Williamson called on me, and asked how long it would take me to erect and finish a frame building of 40 by 1 6 feet, one and a half stories high, all green stuff. He told me that he expected a good deal of company in a few days, and there was no house where so many could be entertained. I told him if all the mate- rial were delivered on the spot, I would engage to finish it according to his plan in about three days, or perhaps in less time. ' Very well, sir,' said he; ' if you finish the house in the time you have stated, you shall be rewarded.' I told my hands what I had undertaken to do, and the time I had to do it in was limited to three days. ' I will pay each of you one dollar a day extra. We shall have to work day and night. What say you, boys ?' Their auswer was, ' We will do it.' This was followed up by three hearty cheers for Capt. Williamson. Next morning I went at it with 30 hands, and in forty-eight hours the house was finished ac- cording to agreement. No limestone had yet been dis- covered in that region, nor even stone suitable for walling cellars, therefore the whole materials for the building were, from necessity, confined to timber and nails. Capt. Wil- liamson paid me $400 for my forty-eight hours' job, and remarked that he would not have been disappointed for double that sum. He published an account of this little affair in the Albany and New York papers. It had some effect of bringing our little settlement into notice. He also gave orders for the erection of a large building, eighty by forty feet, for a theatre, and for the clearing of 100 acres, around which was made a beautiful race-course, and another at .Genesee Flats, near Williamsburgh. Such amusements had the effect of bringing an immense number of gentle- men into the county every spring and fall. This was done by Capt. Williamson in order to promote the interest of his employer. Southern sportsmen came with their full-blooded racers ; others again with bags of money to bet on the horses, and a large proportion of gamblers and blacklegs. Money was plenty in those days, — at least in and about Bath, — and was easily obtained, and as easily lost. Some men became immensely rich in twenty-four hours, and per- haps the next day were reduced to beggary. " Such amusements and scenes of dissipation led to another species of gambling, called laud speculation. Any respectable-looking gentleman might purchase, on a credit of six years, from one mile square to a township of land. The title that Capt. Williamson gave was a bond for a deed at the end of the term, provided payment was fully made, otherwise the contract became null and void. Those bonds were transferable, and the speculators sold to each other. TOWN OF BATH. 1G5 and gave their bonds for thousands and hundreds of thou- sands of dollars, which was the ruin of all who embarked in such foolish speculations. They became the victims of a monomania. Capt. Williamson believed that this specu- lation would hasten the settlement of the country, but its tendency proved to be the reverse. Besides, it was the ruin of many honest, enterprising, and industrious men. " The nest project that claimed his attention was the im- provement of our streams. They were then called creeks, but when they came to be improved, and were made navi- gable for arks and rafts, their names were changed to those of rivers. The colonel ordered the Conhocton and Mud Creeks to be explored by a competent committee, and a report to be made, and an estimate of the probable expense required to make them navigable for arks and rafts. The report of the committee was favorable. A number of hands were employed to remove obstructions and open a passage to Painted Post, which was done, though the channel still remained very imperfect and dangerous.* " The question was then asked. Who shall be the first ad- venturer? We had not as yet any surplus produce to spare, but lumber was a staple commodity, and was in great demand at Hanisburg, Columbia, and Baltimore. I there- fore came to the conclusion to try the experiment the next spring. I went to work and built an ark 75 feet long and 16 feet wide, and in the course of the winter got out a cargo of pipe and hogshead .staves, which I knew would turn to good account should I arrive safely at Baltimore. All things being ready, with a cargo on board, a good pitch of water, and a first-rate set of hands, we put out our un- wieldy vessel into the stream, and away we went at a rapid rate, and in about half an hour reached White's Island, five miles below Bath. There we ran against a large tree which lay across the river. We made fast our ark to the shore, cut away the tree, repaired damages, and next morning took a fair start. It is unnecessary to state in detail the many difficulties we encountered before we reached Painted Post, but in about six days we got there. The Chemung River had fallen so low that we were obliged to wait for a rise of water. In four or five days we were favored with a good pitch of water. We made a fresh start, and in four days ran two hundred miles, to Mohontongo, a place twenty miles from H;iarisburg, where, through the igno- rance of the pilot, we ran upon a bar of rocks in the middle of the river, where it was one mile wide. There we lay twenty-four hours, no one coming to our relief, or to take us on shore. At last a couple of gentlemen came on board, and told us it was impossible to get the ark off till a rise of water. One of the gentlemen inquired, apparently very carelessly, what it cost to build an ark of that size, and how many thousand staves we had on board. I suspected his object, and answered him in his own careless manner. He asked if I did not wish to sell the ark and cargo. I told him I would prefer going through if there was any chance of a rise of water; that pipe-staves in Baltimore were worth S80 per thousand, but if you wish to purchase, and will make me a generous offer, I will take it. He offered me * The Conhocton was declared nnvigable above Liberty Corners. The first attempt at cleariug the channel was made on the strength of a fund of $700, raised by subscription. $600. I told him that was hardly half the price of the cargo at Baltimore, but if he would give me $800, I would close the bargain with him. He said he had a horse, saddle, and bridle on shore, worth $200, which he would add to the $600. We all went on shore. I examined the horse, and considered him worth the $200. We closed the bargain, and I started for Bath. I lost nothing by the sale, but if I had succeeded in reaching Baltimore I should have cleared $500. " The same spring Jacob Bartles and his brother-in-law, Mr. Harvey, made their way down Mud Creek, with one ark and some rafts. Bartle.s" miil-pond and Mud Lake afiForded water sufficient at any time, by drawing a gate, to carry arks and rafts out of the creek. Harvey lived on tiie West Branch of the Susquehanna, and understood the man- agement of such crafts. " Thus it was ascertained to a certainty that, by improv- ing these streams, we could transport our produce to Balti- more — a distance of three hundred miles — in the spring of the year for a mere trifle. "In the year 1795 I went to Albany on horseback. There was no road from Cayuga Lake to Utica better than an Indian trail. ... I had got it into my head to dispose of my chest of tools and turn merchant. I therefore set- tled my accounts with Col. Williamson. He gave me a draft on a house in Albany for $1500, accompanied by let- ters of recommendation. I laid in a large assortment of merchandise and shipped them on board a Mohawk boat. Being late in the fall, the winter set in and the boat got frozen up in the river about thirty miles west of Schenec- tady, at a place called the Cross Widows, otherwise called the Widow Veder's. Here the goods lay for about two months, till a sleigh-road was opened from Utica to Cayuga Lake. About the last of January I started with sleighs after my goods, and in two weeks arrived at Bath. " I have already mentioned that Col. Williamson ex- pended a good deal of money in improving a number of farms and erecting a number of buildings on them, which gave employment to many hands.f These hands were my best customers, and paid up their accounts every three months by orders on Williamson ; but orders came from England to stop such improvements, and shortly after Col. Williamson resigned his agency. Those tenants and labor- ers got in my debt at this time about $4000, and in one night the whole of them cleared out for Canada. They were a sad set of unprincipled scamps. •' My next start in business was attended with a little better success. My brother Charles kept a small store in Bath, and in the year 1800 we entered into partnership. I moved to Dansville, opened a store, and remained there one year. I did a safe business, and took in that winter 4000 bushels of wheat and 200 barrels of pork ; built four arks at Arkport, on the Canisteo River, and ran them down to Baltimore. These were the first arks that descended the f The author of McMaster's history makes this note : Several of the Uaverling, Brundage, and Faulkner farms, north of the village of Bath, were cleared by Capt. Williamson. He built large framed barns on them and settled them with tenants. The scheme was a failure. After Capt. W.'s departure the farms were almost hopelessly overrun with oak-bushes. 166 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY. NEW YORK. Canisteo. My success in trade that year gave nie another fair start. My brother, in the mean time, went to Phila- delphia to lay in a fre.sli supply of goods for both stores ; but on his way home he died very suddenly at Tioga Point. He liad laid in about $30,000 worth of goods. I returned to Bath with my family ; continued my store at Dansville ; opened one at Penn Yan, and sent a small assortment to Pittstown, Ontario Co.* " My next project was to build a .schooner on Crooked Lake, of about 30 tons burden, for the purpose of carrying wheat from Penn Yan to the head of the lake " Indians were very numerous at that time. Their hunt- ing camps were within short distances of each other all over the county. The Indian trade was then an object. I hired a chief by the name of Kettle- Hoop, from Buffalo, to teach me the Seneca language. He spoke good English. All words that related to the Indian trade or traffic I wrote down in one column, and opposite gave the interpretation in Seneca ; and so I enlarged my dictionary from day to day for three or four weeks, until I got a pretty good knowledge of the language. I then set out on a trading expedition amongst the Indian encamjjuients, and took my teacher along, who introduced me to his brethren as seos cngenu, that is, very good man. They laughed very heartily at my pronunciation. I told them I had a great many goods at Tanighanaguanda ; that is, Bath. I told them to come and see me, and bring all their furs, and peltry, and gammon (the hams of deer), and I would buy them all, and pay them in goods very cheap. They asked me, Tcgoije excethgath and Negaugli ? that is, ' Have you rum and wine, or fire- water?' That fall, in the bunting season, I took in an immense quantity of furs, peltry, and deer-hams. Their price for gammon, large or small, was two shillings. I salted and smoked that winter 3000 hams, and sold them next spring in Baltimore and Philadelphia for two shillinirs a pound. " At this time there was an old bachelor Irishman in Bath, who kept a little store or groggery, by the name of Jimmy McDonald, who boarded himself and lived in his pen in about as good style as a certain nameless four-legged animal. He became very jealous of me after I had secured the whole of the Indian trade. The Indians used to com- plain of Jimmy, and say that he was toi cos; that is, not good, — ton much cheat, Jimmy. When I had command of the army at Fort George, in Upper Canada, about six hundred of these Indians were attached to my command. " The next spring I started down the rivers Conhocton and Canisteo with a large fleet of arks loaded with flour, wheat, pork, and other articles. The embargo being in full force, the price of flour and wheat was very low. At Havre de Grace I made fast two or three arks loaded with wheat to the stern of a small schooner, which lay anchored in the middle of the stream, about half a mile from shore. Being ebb-tide, together with the current of the stream, we could not possibly land the arks. Night setting in, there was no time to be lost in getting them to shore, as * The account of the purchase of the Cold Springs property, and of Gen. McClure's operations there and on Crooked Lake, will be found in the history of the town of Urbana. there was a strong wind down the bay, and it would be impossible to save them if they should break loose from the schooner. I left the arks in charge of William Ed- wards, of Bath, while I went on shore to procure help to tow to shore. Whilst I was gone the wind increased, and the master of the schooner hallooed to Edwards, who was in one of the arks, that he would cut loose, as there was danger that he would be dragged into the bay and get lost, and he raised his axe to cut the cables. Edwards swore if he cut tlie cables he would shoot him down on the spot, and raising a handspike took deliberate aim. It being dark the captain could not distinguish between a hand- spike and a rifle. This brought him to terms. He dropped the axe, and told Edwards that if he would engage that I should pay him for his vessel in case she should be lost he would not cut loo.se. Edwards pledged himself that I would do so. " When I got on shore I went to a man named Smith, who had a fishery and a large boat with eighteen oars, and about forty Irishmen in his employ, and ofi'ered to hire his boat and hands. He was drunk, and told me with an oath that I and my ark might 'go to the d 1.' He would neither let the boat nor the hands go. I went into the shanty of the Irishmen, and, putting on an Irish brogue, told them of my distress. ' The d 1 take Smith ; we will help our countryman, by my shoul, boys,' said their leader. They manned the boat, and the arks were brought to shore in double-quick time. They refused to take pay, and I took them to a tavern and ordered them as much as they chose to drink. My friend Edwards and those jolly Irishmen saved my arks and cargo. Edwards is yet alive, and resides in Bath.t " The loss I sustained in flour and wheat this year was great, but I did not feel it to be a serious interruption to my business. On my return I concluded that I must sus- pend the purchase of wheat while that ruinous measure, the embargo, was in force, and fall upon some other scheme and project. So I opened a large distillery, which opened a market to the farmers for their rye, corn, and even wheat, which I converted into ' tire-water,' as the Indians very properly call it. Jefierson's embargo did not injure the sale of it, but the contrary, as whisky was then worth by the barrel from eight to ten shillings a gallon, and all men, women, and children drank of it freely in those days. I converted much of my whisky into gin, brandy, and cor- dials, in order to suit the palates of some of my tippling customers. " I purchased in the fall droves of cattle and sent them to Philadelphia. I also stall-fed forty head of the be.st and largest cattle in the winter, which I shipped on arks to Columbia, and drove to Philadelphia, where they sold to good advantage. This mode of .sending fat cattle to market astoni.shed the natives as we passed down the river. It proved to be a profitable business. " In the year 1814, I sold my Cold Springs mills to Henry A. Townsend, for $14,000. I erected other mills at Bath. In 1816, I ran down to Baltimore 1,000,000 feet of pine lumber, and 100,000 feet of cherry boards and t He died in March, 1851. I '^i^r/^X^ LAY NOBLE. Lay Noble was born in New Lisbon, Otsego Co., N. Y., Sept. 17, 1800. His father, Martin Noble, was a native of Litchfield Co., Conn., born June 18, 1774. Married Abigail Lane, born July 29, 1792; was a car- penter and joiner by trade, and about the year 1795 removed to Otsego Co., N. Y., where he worked at his trade, and where he .subsequently purchased a farm, on which he resided until his death, Feb. 23, 1828. His wife survived him many years, residing with her son in Bath prior to her death, which occurred Aug. 21, 1857. Mr. Lay Noble is second in the family of six children, two of whom are living, the subject of this narrative and Mrs. Crittenden, of Chippewa Falls, Wis. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to learn the cabinet- maker's trade, at Greneva, N. Y. Upon reaching his majority he began as a journeyman at his trade, which he followed in various places. In 1826, Oct. 22, he married Lucinda, daughter of Lemuel and Amelia (Blakslee) Brooks, of Butternuts, Otsego Co., N. Y., having in the fall of 1824 .settled in the town of Bath, this county, and established the cabinet business. He was engaged in business in Bath as a cabinet manu- facturer and dealer in that class of goods until 1832, and during the same year purchased a farm of two hun- dred acres in the town of Bath, which he carried on until 1865, when he retired from active business. As an ap- prentice or journeyman he was industrious, and known for his honesty ; as a business man and farmer he was enterprising and successful. In politics he was a Whig, and afterwards a Republi- can. Ever interested in church and kindred interests, he early in life became a member of the Episcopal Church, and for many years has been a vestryman and warden of that church, and a member of the same for nearly half a century. His wife died Feb. 1, 1867, and he married his present wife, who was a sister of his first wfe, Mrs. Fanny Bergen, Oct. 24, 1868. His children are Martin Wil- liam, Edward (deceased), Mrs. Jacob W. Velie; her husband is secretary of the Academy of Science, Chi- cago. The eldest son, Martin William Noble, is a thrifty and prominent farmer in the town of Bath. The family of Edward Noble reside on the farm purchased by Mr. Noble in 1862. TOWN OF BATH. 167 curled maple. I chartered three brigs, and shipped my cherry and curled uiaple and 500 barrels of flour to Boston. I sold my flour at a fair price, but my lumber was a dead weight on my hands. At length the inventor of a machine for spinning wool by water-power offered to sell me one of Ills machines for $2500 and take lumber in payment. I closed a bargain with him, which induced nic to embark in woolen manufactures. I obtained a loan from the State, and was doing well until Congress reduced the tariff' for the protection of home industry to a mere nominal tax. The country immediately after was flooded with foreign fabrics, and but a few woolen-factories survived the shock. " I will now close my narrative, so far as it relates to my own business concerns, with a single remark that although T have been unfortunate at the clo.se of my business, yet I flatter myself that all will admit that 1 have done nothing to retard the growth and prosperity of the village of Bath or of the inhabitants of Steuben County generally, especially at a time when there were no facilities for the farmers of the county to transport their products to market other than that which was offered them by my exertions. And whether the people of Steuben or myself have received the most benefit, I leave them to determine. " It would appear to be of very little consequence for me to state the number of civil offices that I held during my residence in Steuben County. It will only show how far I had the good-will of the people. Fir.st, I was appointed justice of the peace, next a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and surrogate of the county. In 181G I was ap- pointed high sheriff' of the county, which office I held four years. I held the office of postmaster of the vilhige of Bath about eight years. The good people of Steuben also elected me three years in succession to represent them in the Legis- lature of the State of New York. For all these favors I felt then, and ever shall feel, grateful. " This brief narrative is nothing more than a mere synopsis of .some of the principal events of my life during the last sixty years. I find that all labor, whether of the hand or bead, has become burdensome, which will be a sufficient apology for its insufficiencies." SAVONA. At the time of the early settlement, and for many 3'ears after, this part of the town of Bath was known as Mud Creek, from the intersection of the creek of that name at this point with the Conhocton River. The first settlers were Thomas Corbit, who came from Pennsylvania with Colonel Williamson in 1793, John Doleson, who removed here from the Chemung in 1794, Henry Bush, and Henry McElwee, father of Henry, who still resides on the old homestead. Henry McElwee .settled here some time during the year 1794. A post-office was established here about 1823. The ear- liest postmaster who can now be recollected was Elisha Mc- Coy. He was followed by Archibald H. Gates, in 1835. Then came the following in the order named : Marvin Wait, Daniel Goodsell, D. P. Graves, Marsena Terry, Richard Graves (1851-62), Harry Cole, Thomas J. Ballon, James Tyler, Charles Loucks, and John C. Mallory, the present postmaster. The post-office is kept in the drug-store of A. Powers. John Moore, father of James Moore, now living at Sa- vona, settled here about 1808. David Whitaker, father of Joseph, Jonathan, and David Whitaker, became a lesident of the place in 1810. Uriah Hughes, father of the late Dr. Hiram Hughes, came to the place about 1812. Ches- ter Whitaker, who resided in this part of the town, was several terms supervisor and many years a justice of the peace. He died in 18G7. Savona has now two physicians, — Dr. J. D. Mitchell and Dr. Warren Stewart. Two teachers are employed in the district school. There are several steam-mills and other manufacturing establishments; -some half a dozen stores, including dry goods, hardware, drugs, and groceries ; about J50 dwel- lings, and a population of 550. There is one hotel, the Railroad House, kept by Marvin W. Clapp. The Methodist church of Savona was built in 1843. Previous to this services had been held in the school-house, by Rev. Mr. Story and other early preachers. Among the oldest members of the church were Elisha McCoy and Lssachar Hughes. The Hughes family generally were members and supporters of this church. Rev. J. V. Lowell is the present pastor, and his charge includes also the church at Sonora. The Baptists held services with the Methodists at first, and built their own church in 1856. Elder Eliphas Fisk was one of the first preachers of this faith in the place, as early as 1818. The present pa.stor, Rev. Mr. Mallory, has had charge of the church for twenty-nine years. These churches both have prosperous Sunday-schools. KANONA. The first settlers in this part of the town of Bath were Henry Kennedy, about 1800 ; Brigham, Elisha, Elijah, and John Hanks, from Westboro, Vt., 1804 ; Jeremiah Wheeler, grandfather of Carlton and Andrew Wheeler, 1805. Henry Kennedy owned the land where the village now stands, and kept the first hotel, giving to the place the name of " Kennedyville," by which it was for many years known. Erastus Glass came in 1806, and afterwards built the old Glass saw-mill, where Baker's mill now stands. Clinton Nixon afterwards kept the Kennedyville Hotel. He built a saw-mill and tannery about half a mile below the village, and was also a merchant and speculator about 1830. He subsequently removed to Wisconsin. John Ostrander, father of Edward E. Ostrander, came to the town in 1811 or 1812, when nine years of age. He was a lawyer, merchant, hotel-keeper, and speculator, and died in 1865. The Neallys were one of the prominent early families in this part of the town. Caleb Farnham was an early settler on the farm where Zera Bradley now lives. This farm was first owned by Elisha Hanks. William J. Neally settled on the place where William Willis now resides.- We find the following among some of the old papers : 168 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. "At a school-meeting, Nov. 23, 1813, Reuben Mont- gomery, moderator, and Brigham Hanks, clerk, voted that where the school-house now stands be the site for the school," showing that a school-hou.se was built before 1813, but the site was not owned by the district. " May 5, 1815, Dauphin Murray entered into a contract with Eli.sha Hanks, Jared Spalding, and Erastus Glass, trustees of School District No. 3, in the town of Bath, to keep and teach a common English school — to wit, reading, writing, and common arithmetic — for the term of one year, in the school-house next adjoining the blacksmith-shop owned and occupied by Brigham Hanks, Esq.'' It appears from another paper that the said Dauphin Murray taught this school also in 1814. He was one of the early hotel-keepers in the place. In 1833 the Christians and Universalists of Kanona bought a lot of land, and built a church on the site of Sillenbach's present mill. The conveyance was made by Hiero, Ann, and Maria Kennedy, heirs of the Kennedy estate, " to John K. Towner, Daniel Towner, Franklin Glass, Shepard Spalding, and Vestus Chapin, trustees of the First Christian Society, in the town of Bath, and Henry Smith, Elijah Hanks, Joseph D. Shuart, Royal Knight, Simpson Ellas, and Christopher Rowe, trustees of the First Universalist Society of the town of Bath." Dated Oct. 24, 1833. The building and lot were sold at sheriff's sale, and finally passed into the hands of the Methodists, who used it till the present Methodist church was built in 1874, when the lot and building were sold to Mr. Sillenbach. The Presbyterian church was built in 1831. The Pres- byterian Society continued to exist till about 1874, when its remaining trustees gave the church to the Methodist Episcopal Society, by whom it was rebuilt and dedicated in 1874, and is now occupied as a regular charge. A post-ofBce was established here at an early date. Among the postmasters have been the following: Brigham Hanks, John Ostrander, George A. Farnhatu, Jason H. Stone, Dwight H. Ostrander, A. L. Barney, W. Graham, Seymour Huston, and James Neil. Kanona contains two steam saw-mills, Sylvenus Sillen- bach and Henry Brother ; one tannery, M. Wayland ; two grain-warehouses, John J. Ostrander and F. W. Bradley. The population is 275. It is four miles from Bath, on the Rochester division of the Erie Railway, and connected with Prattsburgh by a daily mail-stage. ORQANIZATION. Bath is one of the original six towns of the county, erected March 18, 179G. It then embraced what are now the towns of Pulteney and Urbana, and parts of Wheeler, Howard, Cohocton, and Avoca. Pulteney was taken off in 1808, a part of Howard and Cohocton in 1812, a part of Wheeler in 1820, Urbana in 1822, a part of Avoca in 1843, and part of Cohocton in 1852. A part of Urbana was annexed April 2(i, 1839. The first town-meeting for the election of officers was held at the house of John Metcalfe, in the town of Bath, on the 4th day of April, 1797. After the votes were taken by ballot, it appeared that the following gentlemen were duly elected, viz., Charles Cameron, Supervisor; James Eddie, Town Clerk ; William Aulls, Patrick McKcU, and Hector McKenzie, Commissioners of Highways ; Gustavus Gillespie, Collector; Amos Stone, George Dixon, and Abijah Peters, Constables ; Daniel Cruger, Patrick Mc- Kell, Overseers of the Poor ; Amos Eggleston, Joseph Inslie, William Read, John Woodard, Henry Bush, Henry McElwee, and Jacob Phillips, Overseers of Highways ; Eli Read, Andrew Smith, James McKell, 'Thomas Streeter, Fence- Viewers ; Robert Biggar, Samuel Miller, Samuel Baker, Assessors ; Samuel Baker and Silas Beers, Pound- Masters ; George D. Cooper, John Sheather, Charles Wil- liamson, and Benjamin F. Y^'oung, Commissioners of Schools. " The above were duly qualified by William Kersey, Es- quire, Justice of the Peace. "N.B. — It was moved and carried to have the next annual town-meeting at the house of John Metcalfe, inn- keeper, in Bath." " At a town-meeting of the inhabitants and freeholders of the town of Bath, due and legal notice thereof being first given by advertisement, convened at the house of John Metcalfe, inn-keeper in said to'wn, the Hon. William Kersey being presiding officer, the following ordinances, rules, and regulations were entered into. Giving their as- sent by dividing to the right and the left : ■' 1. Oi'ditined, That fence? within the saitl Town that are made round any inclosure shall not be considered lawful unless built five feet in height, and the vacancies between the rails or logs in the first three feet not to exceed five inches and an half. " 2. Ordained, That swine be permitted to run at large without any obstruction ; provided they are not less than six months old. and do not run within two miles of the square of the town of Bath. " :!. Ordiuned, That every inhabitant of the town of Bath who keeps a cwature or creatures of any kind shall enter their mark with the town clerk. "4. Ordained, That cutting oft' both ears of any creature shall be an unlawful mark. '• ii. Ordaincti, That George McClure be appointed poundmasler in room of Silas Beers, who declines serving on account of his moving out of town. " Ii. Ordained, That George McClure is empowered to build a sufii- cicnt pound for the reception of creatures tresspassing, and to be allowed for the same any sum not exceeding twelve dollars by the town. " 7. Ordaineil, That every fence-viewer shall be allowed for his ser- vices, when called to officiate in his office, one dollar for every view, and six cents for every mile he may have to go from the place of his abode. "8. Ordained, That a fine of ten dollars be inflicted on every in- habitant refusing to comply with the rules and regulations entered into this day. "9. Ordained, That for killing a wolf or panther there shall be al- lowed to any person (he making it to appear upon oath that the sam^ was killed within the limits of this town) twenty shillings for every scalp, exclusive of what the law of the State allows." It appears from the records that the number of persons in the town eligible by law to do work on the roads was 222. The assessments were from two to four and six days, some higher. John Metcalfe was assessed eight days, and Charles Williamson thirty days. The Commissioners of Highways made the following re- port : " We the Commissioners of Highways have met, considered, and laid out the several Road Districts within the town of Bath in manner following, to wit : Photos 8» tv^nx cofstHC.n.- GEO. S HAVERLING. I^IRS.GEO.S. HAVERLING. GEORGE HAVERLING. The subject of this sketch is the son of Adam Haverling, and was born at Painted Post, March 18, 1810. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and was reared on a farm with one John Wormley ; settled in Steuben County, at Painted Post, about 1804 ; was there engaged in the distillery business until he removed to Bath, and continued the same basiness a few years longer in connection with farming. He finally gave up the distillery business, and devoted his attention to agri- culture until his death, which occurred March 12, 1860. George had very limited advantages for an education, as he never attended school until he was sixteen years of age. He attended school one year after he was twenty-one years of age. By close application to study he obtained sufficient information to enable him to transact successfully the business required in the various relations of life. His early life was spent upon his father's farm. On the 24th of September, 1836, he married MLss Ruby, daughter of Samuel Besley, of Campbell. Soon after marriage he rented a farm for five years. He then purchased a farm near Bath, a portion of which he still owns and resides upon, and the balance was sold, in 1853, for one hundred dollars per acre, a very unusual price for those days. Mr. Haverling has passed a very active life, directing his attention mostly to farming, except five years spent in superintending the building of the Davenport Home for Orphan Girls, and making the roads and beauti- fying the grounds of the same. He commenced life poor, but with industry and frugality, combined with good judgment, he has gained a competency, and can to-day look back upon his life as one of labor, yet of pleasure. He is one of the representative farmers of Bath, and is a man very highly esteemed by those who know him. He has never been an aspirant for official honors, always preferring the quiet of home; he has, however, been assessor of Bath for seven consecutive years. Mr. Haverling has been called to settle many estates during his life, and has given satisfaction to the parties interested. Mr. and Mrs. Haverling have been worthy members of the Episcopal Church of Bath for many years. Mrs. Haverling passed away on the 9th of June^l878; mourned by a large circle of friends. ill Residence or GEORGE S. HAVERLING, Bath. Steuben Co. NY II TOWN OF BATH. 169 "The first inoludca Bath Square, Liberty Street, the road northeast- Supervisors. Clerks. Collectors. ward to William Read's house and southwestward to Canisteo Town, 1812. Thomas AuUa. Howell Bull. Elisha Hanks. md new road to Capt. Shethars' saw-mill. 1813. «( It a ti a ti "Second District begins at the house of John Metcalf, including 1814. a it ti it Johrt Hanks. ill the roads westward as far as the town of Bath extends. 1S15. Howell Bull. John Metcalf. Jonathan Knapp. ** Third District begins at "William Dunn's tavern house, and iu- 1816. Elisha Hanks. it Otis Hunt. jludes the roads eastward to the house of Daniel White. 1817. It tt a ti (( tt ** Fourth District begins at the house of William Read, and includes 1818. William Woods. tt ti Dauphin Murray. he road towards Hope Town so far as the town of Bath extends. 1819. Samuel Baker. William H. Bull. tt tt " Fifth District begins at Capt. Shethars' Landing, and includes 1820. (C it it It it tt ho road southwestward to his saw-mill. 1821. Elisha Hanks. tt it tt tt "Sixth District begins at Capt. Shethars' Landing, and includes 1822. (( tt John W. Fowler. tt ti he roads northward so far as the town of Bath extends. 1823. it a ti a Mosefi Dudley. "Seventh District begins at the house of Daniel White, and in- 1824. Heury Welles. ti it ti if ludes the road towards Painted Post and Frederick Bartle's, so far 1825. John W. Fowler. Reuben Robie. William Hamilton, IS the town of Bath extends. 1826. tt tt n Elisha Hanks. "William Kersey, 1827. James G. Higgins. tt it a a "Samuel Baker, 1828. ti ti ti it George Huntington. ^* William Barney'. 1829. George C. Edwards Lewis Biles. it ti "April 17, 1798." 1830. it ti Reuben Robie. a it 1831. Reuben Kobio. Wm. S. Hubbell. Philo Andrews. " RECORD OF WILLIAM HELM's NEGROES. 1832. ti it William H. Bull. Jason H. Stone. " Betsey's child Wat, born Feb. 11, 1805. " Caty's child Taylor, born April 12, 1805. "Milly's child Willie, born April 16, 1805. "Jenny's child Eliza, born M.arch 10, 1805. "Recorded ICth April, 1805. " Howell Bull, Toiiyn Clerk." 1833. 1834. 1835. 1836. 1837. 1838. 1839. Wm. J. Neally. tt ft Henry W. Rogers. William Hamilton. ti a D. McMaster. Franklin Metcalf. William Hamilton. Alexander Hess. N. W. Gardner. George Edwards. ti tt a it tt ti Henry Pier, Jared H. Thompson. it it We find in the town records the following certificate : 1840. 1841. Robert Campbell, J ti .< - tt tt tt It ti ti ti ii "I, William Dunn, Esq., of the town of Bath, in the county of 1842. it it ti it E, R. Bidwell. 'teuben, do hereby certify that my negro wench Molly was delivered 1843. U it Alexander Hess. " " )f a mulatto male child on the 22d day of October, 1799, which child s named Peter. 1844. 1845. it tt Chester Whitaker. Peter Swart. Perry S. Donahc. tt tt it ti "Bath, 10th d,ay of April, 1800. 1846. John W. Fowlor. a ti Austin Hall. " To the Clerk of the town of Bath, which you i will enter as the law requires. J William Di-nn. 1847. 1848. it tt a *i tt tt it it John Hanks. " Recorded the 10th day of April, 1800. "HENRr A. TOWNSEND, 7V)iril Clfrh." 1849. 1850. 1851. it tt John Ostrander. ti it tt ti it a David Love. Almon Eggleston. John Stout. Slaves were held in the town of Bath till after the pas- 1852. Paul C. Cook. James R. Dudley. it it age of the law of April 9, 1813, entitled an " Act con- jerning Slaves and Servants." In that year Gen. Howell ixxW manumitted a negro man slave whose time he had 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. it tt David McMaster. William Howell. John Palmer. Charles H. Howell. Peter Halsey. . James Lindsay. Calvin W. Cooley. Stephen P. Young. F. W. Bradley. a tt purchased of Mr. John Fitzhugh in the year 1809. The ollowing is the certificate of manumission : " To all whom It mny coiirevn : 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. ti ti Alva E. Brown. ti It a ti tt ti James R. Dudley. James Lindsay. it it Samuel Van Pelt. Leander Allerton. Jared H. Thompson. it it " I do hereby agree to manumit and set at liberty the above-men- ioned Aaron Butcher, he having faithfully served me for the terra of our years; which service I hereby agree to accept for the purchase- noney and interest. "Given under my hand at Bath, this 24th day of November, 1813. " Howell Bull." 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. H. H. Hull. William Howoll. John L. Smith. tt it David Rumscy. ti tt ti ti tt a it it ti it ti tt a tt George W. Breck, tt it J. H. Hillermaa. T. P. Purdy. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. 1868. 1869. it it tt It tt tt ti it Wm. R. Collier. Supervisors. Clerks. Collectors. 1870. tt it it C. A. UoderhiU. 797. Charles Cameron. James Edie. Gnstavus Gillespie. 1871. it It a ft T. A. Silsbee, 798. 1872. Samuel Balcom. it tt 0. W. Sutton. 799. George MoClure. Charles McClure. Charles McCluro. 1873. William Rumsey. It u Sebastian G. Lewis. 800. " " Henry A. Townsend.Samuel Baker. 1874. G. H. Brundage. U ti John W. Freeman. 801. 1875. ti a ti i< John Sutherland. 802. Henry A. Townsend. Charles McClure. William Read. 1876. Henry Faucett. ti ti John AV. Freeman. 803. Samuel Baker. " " James McDonald. 1877. James Faucett. a tt Frank A. Fay. 804. " " Henry A. Townsend. " 1878. Orange Seymour. ti ti John MeNamara. 805. " " Howell Bull. James Brundage. 806. George McClure. Henry A. Townsend. James McDonald. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 1807. " " Howell Bull. 808. Howell Bull. Thomas Metcalf. " " 1830. 1831. Henry W. Rogers. Oliver Rice. 1834. John D. Higgins. 1S35. Oliver Rice. 809. Henry Kennedy. Howell Bull. " " 1832 William Hamilton. 1836. Wil iam Hamilton. 810. James Faulkner. "' " John Hanks. George Wheeler. 1838. George Wheeler (v.). 1811. Cornelius Younglove. " " " " 1833 George Wheeler. Henry Pier. 2 '2 170 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 1839. Oliver Rice. I860. Henry Pier. A. D. Read (v.). 18fil. E. W. Buck. 1840. Ziba A. Leiantl. 1862. James Lindsay. 1811. Chester Whitaker. 1863. Joseph B. Westcott. 1842. George Huntington. 1864. Abram C. Bryan. Wm. S. Mulhollcn (v.). 1865. Charles L. BaiJy, 184.'5. Nathan Barny. 1866. Dwight Ostrandcr. 1844. William S. Mulhollen. James Lindsay. 1845. Chester Whitaker. 1867. Augustus F. Barnes. 184R. James .Shannon. 1868. Frank Hardenbrook (v.) 1847. Arnold D. Read. Abr.-im C. Bryan. 1848. AVilliam S. Mulhollen. 1869. Frank Hardenljrook. 1849. Chester Whitaker. Henry J. Norris (v.). Luther R. Hopkins (v.). 1870. James Lindsay. 1850. Nathan Sawjcr. 1871. Hiram R. Hess. 1851. Arnold D. Read. 1S72. Hamilton Lane. 1852. Henry Pier. 1873. Frank Hardenbrook. 1 853. Chester Whitaker. Henry J. Norris. 1854. James Lindsay. 1874. James Lindsay. 1855. Arnold I). Read. 1875. Hiram R. Hess. 1856. Henry Pier. 1876. Horace L. Lewis. 1857. Chester Whitaker. 1877. Frank Hardenbrook. 1858. James Lindsay. Henry J. Norris. 1859. Arnold D. Read. 1878. James Lindsay. SCHOOLS. At the first town-meetinfr, held iu April, 1797, three town comiriissioners of schools were elected, viz. : George D. Cooper, John Sheathar, Charles Williamson, and Benjamin F. Young. These and their successors, annually elected by the people, continued to exercise the functions of their office, to lay out school districts, and to take the general supervision of the schools of the town till 1822. We hare no record of their proceedings, but undoubtedly the school district iu the village of Bath was the first organized and equipped for educational purposes in the town, and as the inhabitants spread over the town, new districts were formed from time to time to meet the exigencies of a growing population. The first school inspectors elected in this town were David Higgins, George C. Edwards, and Fletcher M. Haight ; the last were Aaron C. Switzer and Robert L. Underbill. The first town superintendent of schools — Peter Halsey — was elected in 1844 ; the last — Robert C. Rogers — in 1851. By the new law, commissioners of schools were elected in each Assembly district, and have since continued to have charge of the interests of common schools in their respective districts. Report of Edwin F. Church, August, 1847. " I, Edwin F. Church, Town Superintendent of Common Schools of the town of Bath, in the county of Steuben, in conformity to the statutes in relation to common schools, do report: That the number of entire school districts in said town, organized according to law, is sixteen ; that the number of parts of districts in said town is eleven ; that the number of joint districts — the school-houses of which are sit- uated wholly or partly in said town — is Jivcj that the number of entire districts from which the necessary reports have been made for the present year is fifteen; that the number of parts of districts from which such reports have been made is eleven ; and that the number of schools for colored children taught in said town is one." It appears from this report that the amount expended in all the schools For teachers' wages was $790.58 For library $170.95 Number of children taught.. 1382 Number over five and under sixteen in town 1526 VILLAGE OF BATH. ORIGINAL SITE AND EARLY PROSPECTS. The village of Bath was laid out in the midst of a wil- derness of hundreds of miles in extent, broken only here and there by a few scattering settlements. Two important Indian trails crossed each other in the valley where now run the principal streets of the village, and these being known to a few hunters served to designate the point of their intersection as the " Cross-Roads," — the earliest name given to Bath. It appears, from the travels of Maude, an English gen- tleman, who wrote an account of Bath in the year 1800, that Col. Williamson visited the site of the village in 1792, accompanied by his friend and relative, Mr. Johnstone, a servant, and a backwoodsman, whom, with much difficulty, he had prevailed upon to join the party. At that time he probably selected the site of his prospective city on the Conhocton, and the spring following arrived from North- umberland with his little colony to commence the active operations of settlement. He seems not to have taken charge of his little company in person, but gave instruc- tions to his guide, on his arrival at the designated place of settlement, to halt and " camp at the cross-roads." The site of Bath at that time has been described in the words following : " Sixteen miles above the month of the Conhocton, the valley of the Crooked Lake, uniting nearly at right angles with the river-valley, opens in the hills a deep and beautiful basin, which presents, when viewed from an elevation, a rim of some ten or fifteen miles in circuit." . . . This basin was originally covered with a pitch-pine forest, " save where the alluvial flats, close at the foot of the dark hemlocks of the southern range, support their noble groves of elm and sycamore, and where a little round lake shone in the sunlight below the eastern heights. . . ." The prospect from these hills is singularly beautiful at the present day, but the place was evidently selected by Col. Williamson with a view to its advantages for naviga- tion, being near the head of the navigable waters of the Susquehanna, and on the highway of the prospective trade and commerce of the Genesee country and great West with the cities of Baltimore and Philadelphia. We quote again from the little book, the " Travels of Maude," also referred to by Hon. William H. Seward, in his speech to the members of the Legislature, at the Astor House, in the city of New York, in March, 1851. This writer spent a considerable time with Col. Williamson at Bath in the year 1800. He says: " Bath is the capital of Steuben County, which county contains at present [1800] about 300 families. On the first settlement of the country these mountainous districts were thought .so unfavorably of when compared with the rich flats of Ontario County [or the Genesee country], that none of the settlers could be prevailed upon to establish themselves here till Capt. Williamson himself set the ex- ample, saying, ' As nature has done so much for the north- ern plains, I will do something for these southern mountains ;' though the truth of the case was that Capt. Williamson saw very clearly, on his first visit to the country, that the Susquehanna and not the Mohawk would be its best friend. TOWN OF BATH. 171 Iven now it has proved so, for at tliis day [1800] a bushel !■ wheat is better worth $1 at Bath than GO cents at Geneva, his difference will grow wider every year; for little, if ly additional improvement can be made in the water com- lunication with New York, while that to Baltimore will imit of very extensive and advantageous ones. Its pres- it efforts are but those of a child, compared with the manly rengtii it will soon assume. I visited Capt. Williamson's ills, a little west of Bath, on Conhocton Creek, which ;fore the winter sets in will be made navigable fifteen miles ig'her up ; at least a farmer there promises to send an ark )wn from thence in the spring. The navigation of the usquehauna will then extend to within six miles of the anandaigua Lake.'' This prospect gave Bath its early importance among the ttlements of Western New York, and induced its founder id others to conceive of it as destined to become, at no jry distant day, the inland commercial metropolis of the tate. The remarks of Hon. William H. Seward, already iferred to, at the Astor House festival, will set this matter I a clear and interesting light. Addressing the members i" the Legislature, he said : " Gentlemen,— It seems to me that we can improve this stive occasion by considering how intimate is the relation Btween the city and State, how essential each is to the tlier. There is a town in the interior of the State, far way, in what was lately known as the secluded, seques- ?red part of it, Bath by name. Many of the representa- ves of the rural districts know it well, the members from teuben can speak for it. Of this town I wish to speak. t is a beautiful but quiet one, situated in the delightful alley and on the banks of the Conhocton, a tributary of le Susquehanna. But those who know it well have re- larked that it has a broad and magnificent plan, iniper- !Ctly filled out. There are houses on corners designating ;reets and avenues without inhabitants. In short it was lid out for a great city, but has long since renounced all mbitious pretensions. You do not know how this has appened. Well, if on your return to Albany, you will all on my excellent friend [Mr. Street], the State Libra- ian, he will give you a small duodecimo volume, published J the year 1800, containing an account of a journey per- jrmed by an English gentleman, in the short space of six reeks, from the city of New York all the way to Niagara ^alls. That traveler visited Bath, then in the day-spring f its growth, and he recorded of it that it was destined to ecome the greatest commercial metropolis of the State of Jew York. The Hudson was only a short arm of the sea. t did not penetrate the interior far enough to take a hold f the trade of the country. Bath was to receive all of it hat could be diverted from the channel of the St. Law- ence, and the market of Quebec, and send it down through he Conhocton and the Susquehanna to Chesapeake Bay. lad that calculation been realized, Bath might have been a ity like Albany, and New York would have been a city iver which the President could have had but little ambition preside." When these expectations were entertained the Erie Canal vas not thought of It was not till 1801 that Gouverneur yiorris first suggested to Simeon De Witt the idea of " tap- ping" Lake Erie, and carrying its waters across the country to the Hudson lliver, and the idea of transportation by rail- roads was one of at least a quarter of a century later. Mr. James Geddes himself, the chief surveyor and engi- neer of the Erie Canal, passed up the Chemung River and explored the whole interior of the State in 1792. While at the Falls of the Genesee, he remarked in his journal that that cataract unfortunately " spoiled the navigation" of the Genesee River, and expressed the opinion that the wheat from the rich Genesee country, just then beginning to be opened to settlement, would have to be transported south- ward " by the Newtown Creek." Sixteen years later he was at the same falls with his leveling instruments, survey- ing a route which was to convey the rich products of the Genesee country and of the West, not southward by the tributaries of the Susquehanna, as he then guessed, but eastward to the markets of New York and Albany. That great enterprise, first conceived in 1801, introduced to the Legislature by Joshua Foreman, of Onondaga, in 1807, and completed under the eminent statesmanship of De Witt Clinton, in 1825, revolutionized all the early ideas of politi- cal economists respecting the avenues of transportation, and left many a promising town-site shorn of its early promise, and far away from the highways of trade and com- merce. Bath only shared the common fortune of hundreds of other future great cities. Then came the period of rail- roads, which have still further changed the expectation of many a promising locality, and have almost rendered natural water-courses and even canals a non-essential factor in the calculations of commerce and transportation. Bath, for many years before the construction of the Erie Canal, was the most active and important place in Western New York. Being situated at the head of navigation on the Conhocton River, and in direct and rapid water com- munication with Philadelphia and Baltimore, it drew in the trade and commerce of a large section of tributary country ; became the seat of many enterprising merchants, the home of many families of wealth and influence, and the centre whence legal talent and learning were dispensed over several adjoining counties. No village founded in the wilderness ever became so famous in a few years or assumed at so green an age so many of the concomitants and airs of a city. Before the place was two years old Col. Williamson had a theatre in full operation, and a race-course which attracted visitors from beyond the Hudson and the Potomac. Nor were these amusements, which served to advertise the new settle- ment, the only features of its rapid development. Institu- tions of a more permanent and solid character soon took root and flourished, schools and churches were founded and fostered, and an influential bench and bar aided in giving strength and tone to society. The press, also, was one among the earliest institutions of Bath, in which this village took the lead of all others in Western New York, establish- ing the Bath Gazette and Genesee Advertiser in the year 1796, when the settlement was only three years old. The growth of Bath has been permanent ; and although it has not realized the enthusiastic visions of its founder, it has at least attained the rank and dignity of a beautiful and substantial shire-town, stretching across the ancient valley and spreading its white skirts upon the feet of the adjacent hills. 172 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE VILLAGE. In 1793, Col. Williamson eonimenccd the .settlement of this village, called Bath, from Lady Bath, of England, a member of the Pulteney family. " Before the end of the season," he says, " not less than fifteen families were resi- dent in the village. Early in the season a saw-mill had been finished, and previous to the setting in of winter a grist-mill, with a saw-mill nearer the town, were in great forwardness." The first-mentioned saw-mill stood on or near the site of the old " glass-mill," on the road leading to Kanona. The grist-mill stood near the Conhocton bridge. Gen. McClure, in giving an account of his arrival in Bath in 1793, says : " We arrived at Bath, and put up at the only house of entertainment in the village, — if it could be called a house. Its construction was of pitch-pine logs, in two apartments, one story high, and kept by a very kind and obliging English family of the name of Metcalfe. This house was the only one in town, except a similar one erected for the temporary abode of Capt. Williamson, which answered the purpose of parlor, dining-room, and land office. There were, besides, some shanties for mechanics and laborers." The first clearing in the village, that of the Pulteney Square, was made in the spring of 1794, by Mr. Henry McElwce, a young man from the north of Ireland, who had arrived a few months before. By this time two saw- mills were in operation, and the green lumber was rapidly converted into buildings. Houses were erected as fast as thirty or forty men could build them. Col. Williamson, expecting a large number of visitors within three or four days, desired the erection of a building for their accommo- dation, 40 by 16 feet, with the utmost possible dispatch. He laid his plans before Gen. McClure, who had charge of a large force of carpenters. They set to work, and in forty- eight hours had the building completed. For this suc- cessful exploit Col. Williamson paid the generous sum of $400, and had it advertised in the New York and Albany papers, which had the effect of drawing public attention to the new settlement. This is only one example of the rest- less energy and activity of Col. Williamsons administration. He galloped everywhere through the sparsely-settled coun- try, over distances which would now be considered long journeys by rail, stirring up the people, and forwarding the interests of his estate. " People heard of him afar off,— in New England, in Virginia, and in Canada. The bankers of Albany and New York became familiar with his signa- ture. Englishmen and Scotchmen were aroused from their homes, and persuaded to cross the ocean for Genesee estates, and hearty young emigrants of the better sort — farmers and mechanics of some substance — were met upon their landing by recommendations to leave the old settlements behind them, and try their fortunes in Williamson's woods. Pioneers from below pushed their canoes and barges up the rivers, and men of the East toiled wearily through the forest with their oxen and sledges. Not a few Virginia planters, with their great households, abandoned their barren estates beyond the Potomac, and performed marches up the Susquehanna Valley and over the Laurel Ridge in much the same style (saving the camels) as the ancient Mesopotamian patriarchs shifted their quarters, — youngT sters and young ladies making the journey gayly on horse- back, while the elderly rode in ponderous chaises, secured against catastrophes by ropes and props, and the shoulders of their negroes. Several such cavalcades came over the Lycoming road. One is yet remembered with some interest by a few, as containing a pair of distinguished belles whose fame went before them, and who were met on their descent, half frozen, from the mountains in mid-winter, at the Painted Post Hotel, by a couple of no less distinguished sprouts of Northern gentility, one of whom was afterwards so fortunate as to gain the hand of one of the frost-bitten beauties."* In 179G, Colonel Williamson advertised to the country at large that grand races would be held at Bath. " At the distance of half a mile from the village a race-course of a mile in circuit was cleared and carefully grubbed, and all the resources of the place were brought forth for the entertain- ment of as many gentlemen of distinction and miscellaneous strangers as might honor the festival with their presence. But what probability was there that such a festival would be celebrated with success in the midst of ' a wilderness of 900,000 acres?' From Niagara to the Mohawk were but a few hundred scattered cabins, and in the south a dozen ragged settlements contained a greater part of the civilized population till you reached Wyoming. But Colonel Williamson did not mistake the spirit of the times. On the day and at the place appointed for the race sports- men from New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore were in attendance. The high bloods of Virginia and Maryland, the fast boys of Jersey, the wise jockeys of Long Island, men of Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Canada, settlers, chop- pers, gamesters, and hunters, to the number of 1500 or 2000, met on the Pine Plains to see horses run, — a number as great, considering the region where they met, as now assemble at State fairs and mass-meetings. Men of blood and spirit made the journey from the Potomac and the Hudson on horseback, supported by the high spirit of the ancients to endure the miseries of blind trails and log taverns. The races passed off brilliantly. Colonel Williamson himself, a sportsman of spirit and distinction, entered a Southern mare named Virginia Nell ; High Sheriff Dunn entered Silk Stockings, a New Jersey horse, — quad- rupeds of renown even to the present day. Money was plenty and betting lively. Silk Stockings was victorious. . . . " The great race-course was not often used during Wil- I liamson's time for the purpose for which it was made. It was chiefly valuable as a public drive for the few citizens who were so prosperous as to keep carriages. There was, however, a course on the land-oSice meadows south of the village which was at different times the scene of sport." The building erected for a theatre was of logs, and stood at the corner of Steuben and Morris Streets. " A troop of actors from Philadelphia, kept, we believe, at the ex- pense of the agents, entertained for a time the resident and foreign gentry with dramatic exhibitions of great splendor." In 1794, Bath was threatened with an invasion by Col. Simcoe, lieuteuant-governor of Canada. Col. Williamson was at that time interested in a settlement at Sodus Bay. ■-« MeMaster's History. i« 1 I LORENZO N. RIDER. Lorenzo N. Eider was born in the town of Howard, Oct. 8, 1817. His father, James Rider, was a native of Saratoga County, born in 1795, July 11. His s^randfather, William Rider, was a na- tive of Rhode Island, born in 17i;7, and after his marriage settled in Saratoga County, where he reared a family of four sons and three daughters, — -Mrs. Isaiah Tuttle, Mrs. Robert Smith, James, Mrs. Moses Ogden, William, Samuel, and Joseph ; of whom Samuel and William are living. His father, in 181.5, came to the far West, looking for a place to settle, traveling on foot. He had two lots of timbered land, of one hundred acres each, booked to him in the town of Howard; cut the first tree for the purpose of clearing in that section, put up a log house, and after chopping some four acres returned to Sara- toga County, and that winter married Sally, daughter of Dr. Stephen Potter, of Galway, Saratoga County. The following spring, with his wife and father's family, he came to their new home, moving their scanty effects with a yoke of oxen the entire distance. The grandfather and family settled on one of the lots, where he lived the remainder of his life, having cleared the most of his lot. He died in 1 864, having lived to almost complete a century. His wife, Hannah Mosher, died some time after the settlement in Howard. His father, with nothing but his axe, yet with resolution and in- dustry, began in 1816 to carve out a competence. The choppings from year to year, the gradual increase of cultivated fields, the framed house taking the place of the log cabin, fruit-growing trees in place of the forest, on the one hand, all brought about by the sturdy pioneer, with the assistance of his boys, who were expected to do their part at very young ages; the indoor work, the old spinning-wheel, the wheel and distaff going day and night pre- paring cloth by hand for home necessities, and many other things, among which "are the necessary privations and hardships incident to pioneer life, each one in itself has a history full of interest to the generation of to-day. These obstacles were met with a will and overcome by the Eider family, and in time thrift wa.s the result of industry and economy, with judicious management. For forty years his parents were farmers ot Howard, and among the respected citizens of the town. In 1856 they removed to Wayland, where he died in 1863. His wife died in 1867. Their children are Mrs. Charles Markham, of Hor- nellsville; Mrs. Dr. H. C. Hess, of Howard, now of Berrien Co., Mich. ; Ira S., of Hornellsville ; Susan, died at the age of twenty ; Philo S., died at eighteen; Mrs. B. W. Short, of Hornellsville. Mr. Lorenzo N. Rider spent his minority until he was eighteen at home at farm labor, receiving, however, sufficient education by improving leisure hours at home in study by the fireplace to en- able him to become a teacher. By arrangement with his father he had his time for the next three years, which he spent as a teacher and at farm labor. It may be said here that his education was extended by some three months as a student at Howard Academy, where he attended, boarding himself. In 1840, March 22, he married Susan, eldest daughter of Barnct Brayton, of Howard. She was born in 1822, and died in 1845, May l.S, leaving two daughters,— Mrs. Orville Lewis, of Buffalo, and Susan, who died at the age of sixteen. After his marriage, Mr. Rider settled on a farm in the town of Howard, near Haskinvillo, and for some twenty-flve years was a farmer in that town ; for three years he has been a resident of Hornellsville. In 1868 he removed to the town of Bath, and purchased the place now occupied for the Soldiers' Home, where he has resided, with the exception of the past two years, until the present time. In 18.50 he married Jane T., daughter of William and Sarah Allen, of Howard. Herparents were among the earliest pioneers of that town, settling there as early as 1810. She was born in 1820, Jan. 1st. Of this union was born one sou, C. A. Rider, who married Anna Carpenter, of Bath, Oct. 1, 1878, and resides with his father, Mr. Rider voted for Wm. H. Harrison for President in 1840, as a member of the Whig party, and is now identified with the Re- publican party. He has been .somewhat active in politics ; has served as justice of the peace two terms while a resident of Howard ; three terms as supervisor of the town of Fremont, after its erection in 1864, and represented the Third Assembly District of Steuben County in the State Legislature in 1860 ; and, as a representative of the county, advocated and obtained the passage of a bill through both branches of the Legislature to erect the county of Canisteo from Steuben, thereby making a division of Steuben County. The bill did not become a law for want of the Governor's, E. D. Morgan's, signature. Mr. Rider has spent a life of activity, and, whether as a farmer or stock dealer, he has carried into all his efforts at business that force of character and integrity which commands the respect and confidence, of his fellow-citizens. TOWN OF BATH. 173 The forts at Oswego and Niagara were still held by the British, although by the treaty of 1783 they had agreed to evacuate forthwith all military posts held by them within the territory of the United States. It was believed — not without reason — that these posts were held with a view to an attack upon the settlements of Western New York, and, as a pretext to provoke a conflict, Col. Williamson was inter- fered with by the authority of the Canadian Governor, who, ou the 16th of August, 1794, sent Lieut. SlieafiFe, a British officer, to inquire by what authority an establishment had been ordered at Sodus, and to require that such a design be immediately relinquished. Col. Williamson was not at Sodus at the time, but a letter was left containing the above order. It is said, also,' that a quantity of flour belonging to Col. Williamson was seized and carried ofi" by the British. Col. Williamson re- sented the affront ; a spirited controversy ensued ; the Cab- inet at Washington took the matter in hand, and war seemed imminent. Gen. McClure, in his manuscript, says : " The adminis- tration at Washington apprised Capt. Williamson of the difficulties that had arisen between this country and Great Britain, and required him to make preparations fbi' defense. He therefore received a colonel's commission from the Gov- ernor of New York, and immediately thereafter sent an express to Albany for one thousand stand of arms, several pieces of cannon, and munitions of war. He lost no time in making the necessary preparations. He gave orders to my friend, Andrew Smith, to prepare timber for picketing on a certain part of our village, and ordered that I should erect block-houses according to his plan. The work went cheerily on. We could rally, in case of alarm, five or six hundred, most of them single men. Our colonel organ- ized his forces into companies. I had the honor of being appointed captain of a light infantry company, and had the privilege of selecting one hundred men, — non-commissioned officers and privates. In a short time my company appeared in handsome uniform. " By the instructions of our colonel we mounted guard every night, — exterior as well as interior. Most of our own Indians — whom we supposed were friendly — disappeared, which we thought was a very suspicious circumstance." To further fortify the citadel and render it invulnerable to the threatened attack of the enemy, — who, it was sup- posed, had designs of laying waste the valley of the Sus- quehanna and marching on Philadelphia, — Col. William- son employed Mr. Henry McElwee, of Mud Creek, to cut white-oak saplings 18 feet long and 18 inches thick at the butt, to be used for palisades in inclosing the Pulteney Square. A great many of these were made ready ; but the alarm sub- sided, and they were never brought into actual requisition. The village at this time was only one year old, but it presented a very active and lively appearance. Col. Wil- liamson* was everywhere making improvements. The rivers were partially relieved of incumbrances ; roads were opened; bridges were built; farms were cleared. In 1796, ■~' Notice of the death of Col. Williamson is found in the " Geneva Expositur" of Jan. 11, 1809. He died in the fall of 1S08, while on his passage from New Orle:ins to Havana, whither he was going as British agent or minister to the Island of Cuba. when the county of Steuben was organized, Bath was made the county-seat. The population increased more rapidly than the resources to supply their wants. This, together with the influx of visitors and .strangers, attracted by the games and amusements, and especially during the session of the courts, made provisions very scarce in Bath. Money was plenty and hospitality liberal and generous, but the resources of the surrounding country were such, that the good stock of workingmen and farmers who tilled the land found the soil so ungracious that they were not a little straitened for the means of supporting life. Col. Williamson transported his first flour from North- umberland and a quantity of pork from Philadelphia. After- wards these luxuries were obtained as best they could be. Flour was brought on pack-horses from Tioga Point, then it was brought in Durham boats from a mill at Jemima Wilkinson's settlement on the outlet of Crooked Lake. As the farming country around grew rich enough to have any surplus to spare, Bath afibrded an excellent market. " The Canisteo boy brought over his bag of wheat on a horse, threw it down at the door of the agency-house, and was paid $5 a bushel. He drove his bullock across the hills, slaughtered it at the edge of the village, and sold everything from hoof to horn for a shilling a pound. He led over a pack-horse laden with grain, paid all expenses, treated, and took home 618. One old farmer remembers paying S2.25 for a hog's head, " and it was half hair at that." Pleasant Valley sup- plied her quota to the straitened villagers. Said an old settler in that comfortable region: "Bath was just like San Francisco ; straw was a shilling a bundle, and every- thing else in proportion. Money was plenty, but they almost starved out. They once adjourned court because there was nothing to eat. If it hadn't been for the valley the Pine Plains would have been depopulated. After court had been in session two or three days, you would see a black boy come down here on a horse, with a big basket, foraging. He would go around to all the farms and get bread, meat, eggs, or anything that would stay life. Bath was the hungriest place in all creation." The situation thus described will be readily appreciated when it is under- stood that the citizens of the county made court week in Bath a sort of general gathering time, and hence the larders of the village were sometimes speedily exhausted. In 1796 a frame court-house was erected. The first Court of Common Pleas was convened on the 2 1st day of June, 1796. The first Court of General Sessions convened in the autumn of the same year. In 1796 a log jail was erected, and stood on the site of the subsequent stone jail, west of the Pulteney Square and north of the present Steuben County Bank. A new brick court-house was erected in 1828, which was subsequently destroyed by fire, and immediately after the present court- house was built on substantially the same foundation and after the same plan. In 1804 the village contained three streets, viz. : Liberty, running north from Pulteney Square, and Morris and Steu- ben Streets, running east and west. There were then 25 buildings in ail in the place, as shown in the engraving in frontispiece, taken from the recollections of Col. William H. Bull, now livino: in Bath. 17-i HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. The original plat of tlie village was laid out by Thomas Rees, Jr., surveyor, and a map made of the same, which is now on file in the county clerk's office. From Steuben Street north to St. Patrick (now Wash- ington) Street, and from Liberty Street west to Pine Street, was laid out by Col. William H. Bull, in April, 1842, being part of the estate of the late Col. Howell Bull. This part of the village is known as Bull's Plat, and contains lots as follows : On Liberty Street, from 1 to 5 inclusive ; on St. Patrick Street, from 1 to 10 inclusive; on Howell Street, •from 1 to 10 inclusive; on Williams Street, from 1 to 22 inclusive; on Buel Street, from 1 to 16 inclusive. INCORPORATION. The village of Bath was incorporated by a special act of the Legislature (Chap. 25-1, Laws of 1836), passed May 6, 183G, with the following boundaries : " Beginning at Morris Street where the same intersects a road leading to the old race-course ; and thence runnin" northerly on the easterly bounds of said road to a point where St. Patrick Street (laid out and not yet opened) would intersect the same; and thence on the south side of St. Patrick Street to the west line of John H. White's farm ; thence north on the west line of John H. White's farm, and the east line of David Rumsey's farm, to an out- lot owned by David McMaster; thence westerly on said McMaster's south line to the southwest corner of his lot ; thence northerly along the west bounds of said McMaster's lot, and the westerly bounds of Z. A. Leland's farm, being the westerly bounds of lots Nos. 34, 33, 32, and 65, to the division line between the Pulteney and Hornby lands; thence northerly on said division line to the north corner of out-lot No. 3, occupied by James Read ; thence south- westerly on the southwestern line of lots Nos. 3, 2, and 1 ; thence on the division line between a lot owned by William S. Hubbell and lot No. 50, being a mountain lot, northerly and westerly ; thence continuing southwesterly on the southern line of said lot No. 50 to the northern line of lot No. 51 ; thence easterly on the line of lot No. 51 to the northeast corner of the same ; thence on the easterly line of the same, and the westerly line of a lot lately pur- chased by Ten Eyck Gansevoort, to the southwest corner of the last-mentioned lot, being a lot formerly owned by Gen. McClure ; thence south forty degrees west, to the south line of the Old Mill Farm (so called) formerly owned by William Helm, now deceased ; thence on the southern bounds of the Old Mill Farm to the southeast point thereof, and from thence to the place of beginning, shall hereafter continue to be known and distinguished by the name of ' The Village of Bath,' and the freeholders and inhabitants residing in said village are constituted a body corporate by the name of ' The Trustees of the Village of Bath.' " The first meeting for the election of oflScers was held at the Franklin House, kept by A. R. Gould, on the 7th of June, 1836, when the following-named persons were elected: Trustees, John D. Higgins, Ten Eyck Gansevoort, Benja- min Smead, Moses H. Lyon, John T. Andrews ; Assessors, Ziba A. Leland, John M. Campbell, Henry Brother ; Treas- nrer, Robert Campbell, Jr. ; Cleric, Levi C. Whiting ; Col- lector, Elisha Hampsted ; Constable, 0. W. L. Warren. The presidents of the board of trustees and clerks of the village under the old charter were as follows : Presidenla. Clerks. 1836 Ten Eyck Ganscvooi-t. Levi C. Whiting. 1837 1838 " •' James R. Dudley. 1839 Lewis Biles. D. H. Fitch. 1840 Mo,«es 11. Lyon. .Tames R. Dudley. 1841 John McCiilla. Chas. \V. Campbell. 1842 Wui. W. McCay. Edward H Directors. W. W. Alles, ) State of New Yokk, i Coimrv OF Steiibkn-. | Sworn to and subscribed before me this Sth day of October, 1878. C. F. Kingslev, Notary Public. GEORGE W. HALLACK S BANK. The banking house of George W. Hallack, Bath, N. Y., was established Jan. 1, 1849. George W. Hallack, Presi- dent; Wm. S. Hubbell, Cashier. Mr. Hallack has remained president ever since. Mr. Hubbell w;i.s cashier up to the time of his death, in 1873, and was succeeded by F. H. Dildine for one year. W. H.TIallack was then appointed cashier, and has .so remained ever since. In January, 1862, the old bank building was destroyed by fire. The present building was immediately erected, and the fine banking-room and ofiices fitted up for the business, which has steadily prospered, and commands a large share of the confidence and patronage of the business public. Mr. Hallack is a native of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., born Nov. 27, 1819, and came to this county in 1833. MASONIC. Bath Clidpter, No. 95, was instituted Feb. 4, 1852. Louis Biles was the first H. P. ; William Hamilton, K. ; and John R. Gansevoort, S. The present ofiicers are Isaac J. Merrill, H. P. ; Henry Faucctt, K. ; Byron W. Yost, S. ; James Faulkner, C. of H. ; Charles Dudley, P. S. ; Thomas DavLson, P. A. C. ; Henry Leigh, M. 3d V. ; Charles A. Clark,. M. 2d V.; George Sutherland, M. l.st V.; Val. Brother, Sec. ; Jonas Van Wie, Treas. ; Charles B. Mowers, Tyler. Koiihoctoii Council, No. 4; instituted Feb. 7, 1871. The following were the first officers of the lodge : 0. West Lackey, Master; W. H. Shepard, D. M. ; E. G. Smead, P. C. W. The officers at present are I. J. Merrill, Mas- ter ; W. H. Shepard, D. M. ; James Faulkner, P. C. W. ; Charles Dudley, C. of G. ; Henry Faucett, C. of C. ; Thos. Davison, Steward ; Samuel Scott, Sentinel ; Thomas R. Rutherford, Treas. ; V. Brother, Rec. KNIGHTS OF HONOR. Present Officers. — William McFie, Dictator ; James Faulkner, Vice-D. ; Charles S. Allison, Asst. D. ; Henry Faucett, Past D. ; W. H. Young, Reporter; D. C. Alden, F. R. ; E. H. Hasting, Treas. ; 0. W. Lackey, Guide ; S. C. Thorp, Guard ; Charles Stratton, Sent. ; A. H. Otis, Chap. ANCIENT ORDER 0¥ UNITED WORKMEN. Present Officers. — Henry Faucett, M. W. ; Andrew Crook, G. F. ; Chas. S. Allison, 0. ; F. E. Cruttenden, Re- corder ; D. C. Alden, Financier; H. B. Williams, Receiver; S. C. Thorp, I. W. ; L. D, Cardwell, 0. W. ; S. L. Hol- comb. Guide; W. H. Shepard, P. M. W. CHURCHES. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF BATH. Some time in 1805, Mr. John Niles, a young man in feeble healtli, who had been licensed to preach, came from Prattsburgh occasionally, and held religious services. In June, 180(j, his health liaving improved, he received ordi- nation from the Ontario Association of Congregational Churehcs, after which he supplied the church of Pratts- burgh one-half of his time, and preached the other half at Bath. On the 16th of January, 1806, a religious society TOWN OF BATH. 179 vas organized so far as to elect a board of trustees, eon- iisting of George McClure, J. T. Ilaight, Howell Bull, James Turner, Dugald Cameron, Samuel S. Haiglit, Henry A.. Townsend, and Robert Campbell. Two year.s more 3a.s.scd by, however, before we hear of any further effort to juild up the Church of Chri.st in this community. .Mr. Miles' labors were continued every other Sabbath until, on ;he Hd of January, 1808, the congregation a.ssembled, prob- ibly in the court-house, which seems to have been their alace of worship until they had built a cliureh ; and there i small number of them entered into a covenant, and were constituted a church under the name of " The Church of Christ in Bath, Presbyterian Congregation." Their names were as follows : Joseph Inslee, Elizabeth Inslee, William Aulls, Elizabeth Aulls, James Turner, Eunice Johnson, Henry A. Townsend, Elizabeth Townsend, Howell Bull, Eunice Bull, Robert Campbell, Mary Shethar, Samuel S. Haight, Sarah Haight. On the same day Joseph Inslee and Samuel S. Haight were cho.sen and appointed deacons of the cliureh. All this must have taken place in connection with the usual services of the Lord's Day, the lid of January in that year having been Sunday. On the 30th of May following this a call was presented to Mr. Niles, requesting him to take the pastoral oversight of the congregation, which be accepted in a letter dated June 11, and he was accordingly installed by a committee of the Association, on the 7th day of July, 1808. The church tlius assumed at its origin a Congregational character, but in September, 1811, it was received under the care of the Presbytery of Geneva. In November of the same year, William Aulls, Elias Ho])kins, Samuel S. Haight, Henry A. Townsend, and Howell Bull were chosen and .set apart to the office of ruling elder, and from that time this has been a Presbyterian Church in fact ;ls well as in name. Only a year after this the pastor was taken away by death, Sept. 13, 1812, in the thirtieth year of his age. In January, 1813, a call was extended to the Rev. David Higgins, of Auburn, which he accepted, and early in July of that year he was installed as pastor. He had come from Connecticut into this State at first on a missionary tour, and had but recently organized what is now the First Presbyterian Church of Auburn when he was called to Bath. Here he remained for eighteen years, extending his labors over a wide region, :is it was gradually filling up with new settlers. Under his ministry the church incro;tsed its membership and erected its first house of worship, and became well established as a centre of wholesome influence to the growing village and to the surrounding neighbor- hood. The preparations for building were begun in 1821. As yet no house of worship " with a steeple'' had been built in what is now Steuben County. A lot which had been part of the land-office premises was given them by the Pulteney Estate. A subscription was raised amount- ing to something over $2000, and a contract was made with Capt. Moses II. Lyon to build the house for $2450. On the 2d of March, 1825, it wa.s solemnly dedicated, the services being conducted by the pastor, Mr. Higgins, a.ssisted by Rev. J. H. Hotchkin, of PratCsburgli, and Rev. iMr. Clary, of Cohocton. At that time the church consisted of about sixty members, but six years afterwards, when Mr. Higgins gave up his pastoral charge, sixty others had united and quite a number had been dismissed, or were just about to be dismi.s.sed, to organize new churches in the neighbor- ing villages. The church of Hammondsport and that of Kennedyville (now Kanona) derived nearly all their orig inal members from this ; that of Wlie ;ler took about one- half of its first mcrabcrsliip from Hath, and still the parent church had strength enough to go on and prosper. In 1831, just at the close of his seventieth year, Mr. Higgins resigned his pastoral charge, and a few years after- wards removed with his family to Noiwalk, ()., where he died, June 18, 1842, having passed the age of fourscore. He was succeeded by the Rev. [saac Walts I'latt, who had but recently resigned his pastoral charge at Athens, Pa. Coming to Bath in April, 1831, he found the com- munity pervaded by a deep religions sentiment, and at the joint request of the pastor and the people, be became the stated minister. Under his jireaching, together with the labors of the pastor, a remarkable work of grace was devel- oped, resulting in a large addition In the church. His call from this congregation was dated June 4, 1831. During his pastorate occurred the discussions which sprang out of the notable revivals of those times, and were instrumental in bringing about the division of the Ameri- can Presbyterian Church. On the 18tli of February, 1838, a band of a score or more of the members of this church in Bath — including two of its elders, Ira Gould and John Emerson — met separately in the court-hou.se, and organized what was called the Constitutional Presbyterian Church of Bath. This new society increased in numbers, and built a house of worship on Liberty Street, but found it very difficult to maintain stated services from year to year. The old church also could not bear the depletion thus occasioned — with all the attendant irritation — without serious injury both finan- cially and spiritually. The pastor, meanwhile, was suffering in bodily health beyond anything that appeared in his ordinarily cheerful tone as he went about among his parishioners, and some very severe domestic afflictions weighed him down with great anxiety and sorrow. After the loss of a bright and promising son, in October, 1843, it was difficult for him to keep up his pulpit and parochial work with his accus- tomed vigor, and in April, 1844, he gave up the charge of this church. In 1847 he removed to West Farms, West- chester Co., where he was pastor until bis death, in Feb- ruary, 1858. He was succeeded here at once by Rev. L. Merrill Mil- ler, then a young man just licensed, and whose ministry of .seven years proved a well-chosen means of fostering the best influences in the congregation. In 1851 he was called to the church of Ogdensburgh, where he is pastor at this day. In August, 1851, Rev. George D. Stewart, who had spent a few years in the ministry at Port Byron, having been called to this church, began his .stated labors. His pastorate of about eight years was a very flouri.shing one, ; resulting in the gathering in of many from the surrounding country neighborhoods. In 1852 the church edifice had 180 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. to be enlarged to make I'oom for tlio growin;:: congrega- tion. During tlie winter of 1858-59, a revival of religion began in the Baptist Church of Bath, and proved to be the begin- ning of an extended work of divine grace, in which the entire community participated. The work in this congre- gation went on under the united labors of the pastor and the Rev. Wm. E. Jones, of Caledonia, until, as the re.sult of it, more than fifty persons, at different communion seasons, were added to this church. Mr. Stewart resigned his pastoral charge June 1, 1859, and since then has been doing eminent service to the cause of Christ in Iowa and Nebraska. lie gave place here to Rev. William Evan Jones, who had been of such assistance during the recent revival. He resigned his charge in 1863 to accept the chaplaincy of one of the volunteer regiment.s of this State, and so served during the latter part of the war of the Re- bellion. After his departure the congregation did not seem pre- pared to call another pastor, and the services of Rev. James M. Harlow were engaged as a stated sujiply. He continued in this relation until October, IStiS, when he gave up the pulpit. A long vacancy followed, until the close of Septem- ber, 1869, when, in response to a call dated in July of that year, the Rev. James M. Piatt began his stated labors here. On coming back to his boyhood's home to take the place once occupied by his father, the way was already prepared for receiving back to the communion of this church the remnant of those who, more than thirty years before, had organized a separate church. They had now disposed of their church property, giving $1000 of the proceeds to the trustees of this church towards procuring a parsonage, and since then there has been but one Presbyterian Church in Bath. Early in 1870, the trustees called the congregation to- gether to consider the expediency of building a new church edifice, and in 1871 a Ladies' Church Aid Society was or- ganized for the express purpose of raising funds for the furnishing of a new church and the purchase of an organ. It was not until 1873, however, that the project of re- building assumed any definite shape. In August of that year Messrs. John and Ira Davenport offered to make up in their family a subscription of $10,000, on condition that the congregation apart from them should raise $20,000 more, with the view of building a church that should cost $30,000. The subscription for this amount having been secured by the following March, the trustees were ap- pointed the building committee to have charge of the work ; Mr. John Beekman being at the same time elected a trus- tee on account of his thorough qualifications for the over- sight of such a task, and Mr. John Davenport being ap- pointed president of that board. Steps were immediately taken, which resulted in the erection of the present sub- stantial and beautiful stone edifice on the site of the old church, on the south side of Pulteney Square, according to plans prepared by Jacob Wrey Mould, architect, of New York City. The building thus far has cost $50,000, to- wards which the ladies furnished $2000 through their society. It remains to complete the building by carrying out the design for the two towers, which have thus far been erected to a height of only thirty feet. The interior has been chastely finished, and was first occupied for religious services on the 22d of Febuary, 1877. Since that time the congregation has increased, so that of the 146 pews not more than 20 can be considered vacant. The membership of the church is about 250. Besides the Sabbath-school connected with the church, a Young People's Association has been in active service since January, 1875, and holds a devotional meeting every Sunday evening, while engag- ing also in other Christian work. The officers of the church are as follows : Pastor, Rev. James M. Piatt ; Ruling Elders, Peter Ilalsey, Z. L. Par- ker, A. H. Otis, E. H. Hastings, Dr. A. Kassou ; Deacons, Jno. L. Scofield, Wm. H. Shepard, S. G. Lewis, C. G-anse- voort ; Trustees. Jno. Davenport, J. F. Parkhurst, Chester Knight, C. A. Ellis, Henry Faueett, E. H. Hastings ; Treasurer, Wm. McFie. ST. THOMAS' CHURCH, BATH. The fir.st seeds of this church were dropped in 1815. Early in the year the esteemed member of Assembly for this district returned from Albany to his home at Cold Springs, — midway between Bath and Ilammondsport, — bringing, as his newly-married wife, a lady of rare culture, who had been raised in a staunch church family of the Con- necticut pattern, and more recently had been engaged in successful educational enterprises in Troy and its vicinity. This lady, Mrs. Elizabeth Hull Townsend, soon and deeply felt the loss of those services and ministrations which had long been endeared to her, and was greatly cheered, one summer day, upon seeing a gentleman ride up to her door, in halfclerical, half-military costume, who announced him- , self as the Rev. Mr. Hopkins, missionary at Mauch Chunk, Pa., but now on his way farther West, upon business con- nected with his services as an officer in the war of Inde- pendence. It was with some difficulty that !Mrs. Townsend could persuade him to remain and hold a service in Bath. " They call our Church," he said, '' the Tory Church, and no one knows how much prejudice and ill-will might be ex- cited." But .she prevailed, and a service was held in the old court-house ; and there are some still living in this village who remember it well. From that time Mrs. Townsend could not rest. She rode to Geneva, forty miles, on horseback, taking with her a young child for baptism, and there urged the claims of the Southern Tier to a church missionary ; but was sorrowfully told there was none to be had. Bishop Hobart, to a similar appeal, returned the same answer. At length, however, she succeeded .so well in enlisting the sympathies of iier friends in the East, and of several gen- tlemen connected with the land-office in Bath, — Messrs. Troup, Cameron, and others, — that the services of Mr. ij'Hopkins, who had revisited the place several times, were secured, as missionary to Bath and Angelica and interme- diate places. At that time, however, — 1823, — this region was still covered with dense forests, with here and there a clearing for some young and thriving settlement. But the labor and care proved too much for our pioneer missionary, and he soon sank under them at the ripe age of sixty-nine; and the little flock was again without a shepherd till the TOWN OF BATH. 181 summer of 1825, when a new departure was taken, under the auspices of that young missionary. Rev. William W. Bostwick, whom Bishop Iloburt sent to this field. Early in 1826 he organized parishes in Bath and Hammondsport, between which two places he divided his labors ; not forget- ting, however, the wider field in which his predecessor had sown good seed. At the time of the organization of these churches, there was not known to be a single male communicant in either place. In the former the first vestry consisted of Rev. W. W. Bostwick, Rector ; Zalman Tousy and Nehemiah White, Wardens; Dugald Cameron, John Brown, John D. Dent, Wm. H. Bull^ William Gamble, Selah Barnard, Paul C. Cook, and John D. Mitchell, Vestrymen. Of them Col. Bull is the only survivor, and has served either as vestry- man or warden ever since. Of the first wardens, one was from Campbell and the other from Avoca, as the town has since been called. The vestrymen were yet more widely scattered. Under Mr. Bostwick's au.spices church edifices were erected in good time at Bath and Hammondsport, and these have recently been replaced by noble and attractive struc- tures which would do honor to any place. For the new St. Thomas' Church, Bath, which cost, in- cluding lot, bell, organ, architect's fees, and all its equip- ments, over $60,000, the parish is greatly indebted to the Hon. Constant Cook, who subscribed more than half that amount. The congregation contributed the remainder of the sum to be raised very liberally and promptly, so that no debt was entailed upon the parish. The corner-stone of this church was laid by Bishop Coxe, with imposing ceremonies, one beautiful August evening in 1869, in the presence of a great concourse of people, who listened to his address with eager delight. The consecra- tion services, April 13, 1871, were yet more imposing, — some twenty clergymen in their robes a.ssisting the bishop. The church is of stone, — after a plan by H. Dudley, of New York, — clerestory, with nave and aisles, and chapel attached, fronting 76 feet on Liberty Street, and extending along the line of Washington Square 140 feet. The recent purchase and gift of an adjoining lot by H. H. Cook, Esq., of New York City, has added greatly to the beauty and value of the property. Mr. Bostwick resigned his charge at the end of fourteen years of hard service, and removed to Illinois, where he died, in 1846, greatly beloved and lamented. It was his hand that, Noah-like, first planted the vine in Pleasant Valley, from which so important results have followed. His successors at Bath have been the Rev. P. L. Whip- ple, who died very suddenly in 1844 ; the Rev. Dr. Wilson, now professor in Cornell University ; the Rev. Levi H. Corson ; the Rev. Almon Gregory ; and the present incum- bent. Rev. 0. R. Howard, D.D., who has now nearly com- pleted his twenty-two years as rector of St. Thomas'. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP BATH. The first society of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Bath was incorporated on the 4th of September, 1822. During several years previous there had been Methodist preaching in the village, at first occasionally and then regu- larly at intervals of two or three weeks, as the circuit preachers came around on their large circuits and preached in the court-house or school-house if unoccupied and were not locked against them ; when these could not be obtained they preached in private houses. In 1814 Bath was included in Newtown Circuit, with Newtown (now Elmira) as its centre, but with its circum- ference undefined, in charge of one of the old, energetic pioneers, — Rev. Gideon Lanning. But the first Method- ist sermon of which we can obtain definite account was preached at the residence of Mr. Gaylord, the house still standing on the north side of Steuben Street and now occupied by " Jo. Bell." In 1820, Revs. James S. Lent and Nathan B. Dodson, being then on this circuit, made Bath a regular preaching- place once in two weeks, and formed a society or class com- posed of thirteen members, and these mostly females. In 1822, Rev. Benjamin Sabin was in charge of the cir- cuit. During this year the Rev. Loring Grant, a young man of good preaching powers, educated a lawyer, was sent out by the conference to look after the finances of the church generally, and especially the titles and interests of church property. He came to Bath and saw its need of a Methodist house of worship. A meeting was convened on the 3d of September for the purpose of incorporating the first society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Bath, at which meeting John Whiting, Dr. Simpson Ellas, George Wheeler, Jeremiah Baker, and Darius Read were elected trustees, as appears by the certificate bearing the signatures of Rev. L. Grant and J]leazer Dewey, presiding, and filed in Steuben County 4th of September, 1822. The Revs. Grant and Sabin circulated a subscription for funds to build a church ; the frame of which was reared in May, 1823, by John Whiting and Mr. Degolier, and was by them finished with galleries and bell-tower in 1826, under the supervision of a board of trustees, elected in 1825, viz. : John Donahe, George Wheeler, Moses Dudley, Lewis Biles, and John Whiting. And the church was then dedicated by the Rev. George Lane, of Berwick, Pa., then presiding elder on Ontario District. On the 9th day of April, 1825, the title to the church lot was conveyed by Howell Bull and wife to John Donahe and others, trustees, etc., of the First Society of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church in Bath. In 1846, under the pastorate of Rev. Earl B. Fuller, the house was reconstructed, and by Rev. John Keunard the galleries taken out, a floor thrown across so as to form a basement with an audience-room above, and was in June, 1846, reconsecrated by Rev. Dr. J. Copeland, of Lima; the Rev. Dr. 0. R. Howard, then of Painted Post, preach- ing in the evening. In December, 1865, under Rev. A. F. Morey, pastor, it was determined, at a church-meeting, to make an effort to enlarge or rebuild the church edifice. A subscription of about $7000 was obtained, and a plan was adopted for a new church edifice, to be 90 feet long by 41 in breadth, with tower and spire, and audience-room and basement for Sun- day-school and clas.s-rooms ; the structure to be a frame, ceiled externally, and veneered with one course of brick. P. S. Donahe, J. Carter, and A. R. De Puy were elected a 182 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. building committee to supervise the erection. The job was let to E. W. Buck and A. J. Barton, to furnish the mate- rial and fini.sh the hou.se for the .sum of $8300. The old church building was sold to Joseph Carter for $775, and the closing services were held therein on Sunday, the — day of , 1866. The foundation of the new church was prepared, and the corner-stone laid with appropriate ceremonies, on the 16th day of May, 1866, by Rev. J. G. Gulick, presiding elder of this district, assisted by Warner Gilbert, Master Mason, in presence of the officers of the church and a large concourse of people, who were addressed by the Rev. Dr. J. Lindsay, President of Genesee College, and Rev. Dr. A. D. Wilber, of Lima. From a memorandum of the deposits in the cavity of the corner-stone, the following-named persons were then officers of this church : Presiding Elder of this district. Rev. J. G. Gulick; Pastor of Church at Bath, Rev. A. F. Morey ; Trustees, P. S. Donahe, Nelson Barney, R. Hardenbrook, Jas. McBeath, and A. Wells. Class- Leaders, Piatt P. Smith, Wm. Crow, Hiram Brundage, R. Hardenbrook, Samuel Ovenshire, Thos. C. Davison, and J. H. Thorp; Stewards, P. S. Donahe (Recording Steward), A. R. De Puy, T. C. Davi.son, J. Carter, and R. Hardenbrook ; Building Committee, P. S. Donahe, J. Carter, and A. R. De Puy ; Exhorters, James Wright, J. H. Thorp; Superintendent of Sabbath-school, P. S. Donahe. The house was completed and furnished at a cost of $10,427, and on the 6th day of February, 1867, it was opened and dedicated by Rev. J. G. Gulick ; Rev. Dr. Jes.se T. Peck preached the first sermon, and the Rev. Dr. Schuy- ler Seager preached in the afternoon. The trustees elected as incorporators of this church in 1822, and their succcs.sors, elected in 1825, both above named, were at the time of this dedication all living, except Col. John Whiting, and all residents of this county ; although in one case forty-five years had intervened, and in the otiier forty-two years, since their election. To commemorate such an event is seldom the privilege of any combination of men. These ex-trustees of over forty years' standing were each specially invited to attend the dedication and be guests of the president of the board of trustees, many of whom were upon the platform participating in the dedicatory exercises, and, together with many of the old church pioneers, sur- rounded the banquet-board of their host to discuss not only the substantials in profusion spread before them but to talk over the good old times long-agone. They were among the strong, reliable old men, — the pioneers of progress and well- wishers of Zion. Nor had they that day cause to weep, as did the ancient men who attended the dedication of the second Jewish temple. Prior to 1835 this church was united with several others, and constituted a circuit supplied with one or more preach- ers, preaching alternately at each appointment. At this time Bath was erected into a station, and has since had a sep- arate pastor. Among those that have preached here are the following : In 1820, James Lent and Nathan B. Dodson ; 1822, Ben- jamin Sabin ; 1824, Renaldo M. Everts; 1826, Cum- mings, Henry F. Rowe, and Asa Orcott; 1827, John Arn- old, Levi B. Castle, and Ralph Bennett; 1828, Cyrus Story, Zina J. Buck, and Menzer Doud ; 1830, Samuel Parker and Samuel Bibbins ; 1831, Asahel Hayward and Augustin Anderson ; 1833, Edmund 0. Fling, J. Shaw, and John Dennis ; 1835 (Bath as a separate station), John G. Gulick ; 1836, Chandler Wheeler; 1838, William C. Hosmer; 1840, Eventus Doud ; 1841, Daniel B. Lawton ; 1842, Philander Powers; 1844, David Ferris; 1845, Earl B. Fuller; 1847, S: W. Alden ; 1849, Jo.seph K. Tuttle ; 1850, Augustus C. George; 1851, E. G. Town.send ; 1852, Nathan Fel- lows; 1853, Andrew Sutherland; 1855, C. M. Gardner; 1857, Nathan M. Beers; 1859, George Haven; 1861, William C. Mattison ; 1863, William Manning; 1865, A. F. Morey; 1868, J. T. Brownell ; 1869, Sam'l McGer- ald; 1872, E. T. Greene; 1874, R. D. Munger ; 1877, George Stratton. BAPTIST CIIDRCH. On the 16th of March, 1842, a few brethren and sLsters of the Baptist faith, living in Bath and surrounding country, met in the Methodist meeting-house, together with an eccle- siastical council, and were recognized as " The Bath Village Baptist Church." The constituent members were twenty- one in number, as follows: Rev. M. Rowley, S. Shattuck, C. Copeland, H. Vo.sburgh, G. Williams, J. Hedges, J. Pike, H. HoUiday, E. Frink, H. Lucas, Mary Robinson, Sarah Woodard, Phoebe Vosburgh, Mary Vosburgh, Mrs. Frink, Mary Ann Smith, Lucy Lucas, Plujebe Cooper, Polly Aber, Mr. Tarney, Wm. Woodard. The first pastor was Rev. M. Rowley. He remained with them from 1842 to 1845; Rev. H. Spencer from 1845 to 1846; Rev. B. F. Balcom from 1847 to 1848; Rev. B. R. Swick from 1848 to 1851 ; Rev. J. Parker from 1852 to 1853; Rev. E. C. Brown from 1853 to 1855 ; Rev. P. Colegrove from 1855 to 1858 ; Rev. E. F. Crane from 1859 to 1860; Rev. D. B. Olney from 1S60 to 18G1 ; Rev. E. J. Scott from 1861 to 1862; Rev. J. D. Barnes from 1862 to 1864; Rev. E. Savage from 1864 to 1866 ; Rev. H. F. Cochrane from 1866 to 1867 ; Rev. J. W. Taylor from 1867 to 1870 ; Rev. I. W. Emery, the present pastor, settled with the church, Jan. 1, 1871. The deacons who have served the church have been H. Holliday, P. Smith, H. ililler, A. Butler, S. Chapman, N. J. Clark, E. Mott, R. Davis, A. B. Miner, J. Neel, L. H. Smith. The following brethren have served the church as clerks: A. Z. Madison, Wm. Woodard, J. G. Williams, E. Mott, J. Robinson, D. L. Smith, S. Bovier, S. P. Goodsell, L. H. Smith, B. D. Piatt. The house of worship was built in the summer of 1844. It was repaired in 1859 by adding twenty feet to the length and removing the gallery. Quite extensive repairs were again made in the summer of 1870. Of the fifteen pastors that have served the church ten are now living. Rev. D. B. Olney died while he was pas- tor. His death was a sad loss to the church. The most extensive revivals were in 1843, 1863, 1869, and 1872. j There have been added by baptism 462. The present membership is 226. The most prosperity has been during the two three-year pastorates and the seven years of the i present pastor. ADDISON F. ELLAS. The ancestors of the subject of tliis sketch came from England and settled in America some time previous to the Revolutionary war, as some of them served in that war. Addison F., son of Dr. Simp- son and Pliebe Ellas, was born in Ludlow, Mass., Dec. 16, 1811. Both of his parents were natives of Brattleboro', Vt. His father was born July 27, 1784, and his mother March 15, 1788; they were married about 1808, and soon after removed to Ludlow, Mass. In October, 1815, they settled in Bath, N. Y. Dr. Ellas followed his chosen pro- fession, and, in connection therewith, owned a drug- store during his residence in Bath. Dr. Ellas was a Whfg in politics, and held some offices, such as postmaster and magistrate of Bath. On the 5th of October, 1867, he died, and his wife passed away May 8, 1877. Addison F. was engaged in the distilling business when young. At the age of twenty he began to work on the farm, and followed it some four or five years; he then engaged in mercantile business for a few years, after which he was clerk about five years for his brother George. Then he commenced his chosen occupation, that of farming, purchasing one of the good farms, some two miles from Bath, on the Hammondsport road. It consists of some one hun- dred and seventy-two acres of good, productive land, which he still owns. Mr. Ellas has been a good farmer, and success has crowned his efforts. He is an upright and industrious man, never aspiring to any of the political honors of his town. He has, however, held some of the minor positions, but always preferred the quiet of the home to any official honors. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. He married Miss Jennie C, daughter of James Little, of Bath, Feb. 25, 1869. Miss Little was born in Bath, Aug. 28, 1828, and has always resided here, save some three years spent near Geneva, N". Y. Mr. Ellas is a good citizen, a kind husband, and an honest man. The subject of this sketch was born in the town of Bath, Oct. 27, 1836. His ancestors on his father's side were from AVales, his moth- er's, English, and were among the early settlers of this county. Young Brundage received the usual school training of a country boy, attending school during the winter months, and working on the farm in summer. He finished his education atStarkey Seminary in 1854. He then returned to the practical labors of the farm. He was a boy noted for doing with certainty and completeness the work he had in hand ; as a man, who never knew what fear was. In the spring of 1861 he promptly responded to the call of the President for volunteers to suppress the war of the Rebellion. He enlisted on the 22d of April, 1861, at Hammondsport, as a private in what was afterwards Company I, 34th Regiment, New York Volunteers. W. H. King went out as captain of the company. It was put into a regiment mainly enlisted in Herkimer County. Company I left Hammondsport for Albany on the 28th of May. On the 10th of June, Monroe Brundage was elected by unanimous vote of his company second lieutenant. The regiment was mustered into the United States service on the I5th of June, reported at Washington on the 5th of July, and went into camp at Kalorama Heightn«. On the 21st of October his regiment was engaged skirmishing at Edwards' Ferry, operating on the ene- my's flank, to draw their attention from our forces operating at Ball's Bluff. The 34th soon went to Camp McClellan, near Poolsville, where they remained until Feb. 25, 1862, when camp was broken, and the regi- ment was engaged in skirmishing around Berryville, AVinchester, and Harper's Ferry. Then Sedgwick's division, to which the 34th be- longed, was ordered to AVashington, where it remained until the 24th of March, when it was ordered to Fortress Monroe. Theythen marched to I'^orktown, and entered it on the 5th of May, the rebels having evac- uated the town a few days before. During the month of May the army, under Gen. McClellan, gradually worked its way towards Rich- mond, and on the 31st of that month the battle of Fair Oaks was fought, in which the 34th was an active participant. Lieutenant Brundage acted asyir«( lieutenant in this engagement. The regiment was honorably mentioned in the official report. Captain King was wounded in this battle, after which Lieutenant Brundage acted as captain, and remained in command of the company until he was dis- abled at the battle of Antietam. Among the wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks were Azariah C. Brundage. Solomon Clark, and Jesse Jacobus, the last two fatally. Herbert Kellogg was killed on the field. During the disastrous and memorable seven days' retreat, in June, from Richmond to Harrison's Landing, Captain Brundage, with his company, was almost constantly engaged, participating actively in the battles of Peach Orchard, Sav- age Station, White Oak Swamp, and Malvern Hill. From this time up to the date of the battle of Autietam, the 34th Regiment was en- gaged in the neighborhood of Washington, skirmishing as occasion required. This celebrated battle was fought on the 17th of September, 1862, and it was in this engagement that the 34th suffered most severely. Captain Brundage, with his company, made three distinct charges, and were thrice repulsed. While rallying his company for another charge, he was struck by a ball in the right arm, near the shoulder; disabled as he was, he remained in command until the battle was over. On the following day his right arm was amputated near the shoulder, and he returned to his home as soon as able to do so, which was about the 1st of October. On the 26th of January following, having in the mean time received his commission as captain, he resumed command of his company, which he retained until the 16th of March, when he was compelled to leave the service on account of his health. He accordingly resigned, being unwilling to retain a position the active duties of which he could not discharge, and receive compensation for services which he was no longer able to perform. He was a brave soldier, and as true and generous as he was brave. He was a favorite with his comrades, and those who survive him willeverkeep his memory green. His fellow-citizens, who honored him for his many excellent qualities of head and heart, placed him in nomination for the Assembly in the fall of 1868, and elected him by a large majority. In this capacity, as in all others, he showed him- self strictly honest and scrupulously faithful. Captain Brundage had been subject to severe attacks of inflamma- tory rheumatism, caused by exposure in the army, which resulted in his death un the 2fith of May, 1875, lamented by all who knew him. TOWN OF BATH. 183 The following are the officers : Pdstor, Rev. I. W. Emery; Deacons, H. Miller, J. Neel, N. J. Clark, L. H. Smith ; Superintendents of Sahhath-school, I. W. Emery, W. II. Freeman; Clerk, B. D. Piatt; Treasurer, ^Y . S. Burns; Trustees, H. Miller, W. S. Burns, J. Crum, F. A. Hopkins, B. A. Todd. MILITARY UECORD OF BATH, Tlieodure Schlick, major, 23tl Inf., Co. A ; eiil. April 30, 1861, two years; pro. major 22d N. Y. Cav.; killed at KeriieysviUe, Va., Aug. 22, lSf.4. Cornelius F. Mowers, 1st Hout., 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 3n, 1801, two yr-ars; res. Nov. 28, IfiGl. George E. Biles, 2(1 lieut., 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April -JO, 1801, two years ; res. Nov. 12, 1861. Freilt-rick Arnd, 2d Ht;r^t., 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1S61, two years. Joseph Fnrtherer, 4th sergt., 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two yearti. Henry F. Cninti, 2d corj)., 23cl Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, ISOl, two years ; pro. to sergt. Sept. 10, 18G1 ; wounded in the leg at Antictnm, Sept. 17, 1862; pro. to Ist sergt., Jan. 1, 1863. William 13. Kinsey, 3d Corp., 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two years; pro. to 1st sergt., Feb. 1, 1862; pro. to adjt. IGlst N. Y. Vols., Oct. 1862; pro. to liont.-rol. 161st N. Y. Regt., 1863. Timothy Terrjll, drummer, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1801, two years; pro. toseygt., Jan. 1,1863. William H. Brooks, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; en!. April 30, 1861, two years; ap- pointed cori)., Jan. 18G2 ; disch. for disab.. May 28, 1862. John W^ Boilcan, private, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, 1861, two years. Daniel B. Boilean, Corp., 2:,'d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30,1861, two yeare; pro. to Corp., Jan. 1, 18C3; wounded at the battle of Antietitm, Sept. 17, I8G2. William B. ,\. Brown, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two years. David D. Chapin, private, 23<1 Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, ISGl, two yeai-s; wounded at the battle of Anlietam, Sept. 17, 1S62 ; disch. in convalescent camp; re-enl. in Co. — , 180th Inf. Charles C. Campbell, piivate, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 3(i, ISfil, two yeare ; disch. for disub., Sept. 20, 1S62. Columbus Dudley, private, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, 1861, two yeai*s. William Greek, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30. 1861, two years. William A. Hopkins, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two yeara. Augustus W. Ilyi-r, private, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, ISGl, two yeais. William Jump, private, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, 1861, two years. Gilbert H. May, iirivate, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two years. Henry Mora, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two years. John M. Mowers, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two years; died at Falls Church hospital of typhoid fever, Dec. 31, ISGl. Edward E. Ostrander, private, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, 1861, two years; appointed sergt. Jan. 1, 1862 ; went into ranks Feb. 16, 1862. Charles W. Smith, private, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, 1861, two years. Herkimer Shults, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 3o, 1861, two years ; died Dec. 18, 1861, in hospital at Falls Church, of typhoid fever. George B. Staniford, 2d liout, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, 1861, two years; appointed corp., Aug. 1, 1861 ; appointed sergt., May 20, 1862 ; pro. to 2d lieut., Oct. 20, 1862. John Wilhelm, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 30, 1861, two years. William M. Terrill, private, 23d Inf., Co. A; enl. April 30, 1861, two years; dis- honorably disch. by order of general court-martial. James Beaty, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 17, 1861, two years. Horace Ellis. _ James Mclntyre, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 17, 1861, two years. William M. Earway, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 17, 1861, two years. Abrani S. Gould, private, 23d Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 17, 1861, two years ; wounded at battle of Atitietam, Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. at Elmira, N. Y., Dec. lfe62. William Rutherford, private, 23d Inf. Co. A; enl. Aug. 17, 1861, two years. Stephen A'an Bviren, private, l89th Regt.; enl. Sept. 16, 1864, one year. Abrani BrowneU, private. ls9th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 29, 1864, one year. Jerome Jenkins, jirivate, 1st Art.; enl. Sept. 2, 1S64, three years. Moses Davison, private, ISOtli Regt.; enl. Oct. 26, 1864, one year. Richard Montgomery, private; enl. Oct. 4, 1864, three years; substitute for Warren W. Wilson. Calvin Swain, private; enl, Aug. 3, 1864, three years; sub. for James Faucett. Roswcll Sogar, private, 180th Rpgt. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. John Murray, private ; enl. A«g. 30, 1864, three years ; sub. for James Young. John Baker, private; cnl. Ang. 29, 1864, three years; sub. for Robert B. Wilks. John Stern, private ; enl. Oct. 29, 1864, three years; sub. for Charles Robie. Abel Casper, private; enl. Nov. 2, 1864, three yeai's; sub. for Seneca S. Smith. William Davis, private ; enl. Oct. 24, 1864, three years; sub. for Jonathan Robie. James Murdock, private ; enl. Oct. 26, 1864, three years; sub. for James Lyon. Joseph Dunlap, private, 189th Regt.; eul. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. Henry Coville, private, l89th Regt.; enl. Sept. 23, 1864, one year. James Fitzpalrick, private ; enl. Oct. 29, 1864, three years ; sub. for Wm. W. Allen. John FaTinon, private ; enl. Aug. 30, 1804, three years ; sub. for Benj. F. Young. Alfred Gordon, private ; enl. Aug. 27, 1SG4, three years; sub. for Jim. 1'. Sinclair. Jeremiah I). Gleason. pi ivat.-, 1st .\ rt. ; lmiI. Sept. 13, lM64, one year. Charles H. Butts, private, 1st Art.; enl. Sept. 2'>, 1864, one year. Curtis C. Cross, private, Ist Art.; otd. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. James M. Jenks, private, 1st .Vrt. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. Philander Whitehead, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. William Scott, private, 189th Inf.; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. James Kennety, private, 161st Inf. ; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, three years. Moses McChesney, private, lS9th Inf.; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. William Cooper, private, 189th Inf. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. William McChesney, private, 189th Inf. ; eul. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. E. L. Rendt, private, ISOth Inf. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Amos S. Yeomans, private, 189th Inf.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Philander Guines, private, 189(h Inf. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Isaac W. Storms, private, 189th Inf. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Floyd Miller, private, 189th Inf.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. James Trnmble, private, 189th Inf.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Gilbert Ingersnll, 1st Art.; re-enl. Jan. 1864, one year. James ]\Iiner, 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 16, 1864, three years. Amasa D. Ells, private, 179th Regt. ; eul. April 22, 1864, three years. Silas Spreaker, private, 179th Regt. ; enl. April 9, 1864, three years. John Costen, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Apn'l 9, 1864, three years. Zenas Dildine, private, 22d Cav.; etd, April 9, 1864, three years. William H. Davis, private, 22d Cav.; enl. April 9, 1864, three years. Joliii Kitchen, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. April 9, 1864, three years. John A. Hnher, private. 22d Cav.; enl. April 9, 1864, three years. Samuel Y. Grisword, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. April 9, 1864, three years. George A. Havens, private, 22d Cav.; enl. April 9, 1864, three years. Jackson Wilhelm, private, 14tli Art. ; eul. Oct. 19, 1863, three years. James M. Finch, private, 22il Cav.; enl. April, 1864, three years. Joseph M. Bailey, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Feb. U, 18(54, three years. John Morton, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Feb. 11, 1864, three years. William C. Saltsman, 1st Art.; re-enl. Feb. 7, 1864, three years. Hiram Ilorford, loth Cav. ; enl. March 22, 1864, three years. Jeremiah Mowers, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. March 22, 1804, three years. John Swartz, i»rivate, 22d Cav.; enl. March 22, 1864, three years; died at Auder- sonville. John S. Vangeldei-, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. March 22, 1864, three years. A. H. Spier, private, 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 19, 1864, three years. 0. W. Beach, private, 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 19. 1864, three years. Lewis Hille, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Feb. 23, 1864, three years. Mattliew McGuiness, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Feb. 7, 1864, three years. William F. Harris, private, ITOth Inf. ; enl. Feb. 7, 1864, three years. Jame*! Fluent, private, 179th Inf. ; enl. March 31, 1864, three years. William R. Pratt, private, 179th Inf.; enl. Feb. 24, 1864, three years. Robert S. Wilcox, private. 179th Inf.; enl. March 31,1864, three years. Charles Rogers, private, 179th Inf. ; imiI. March 31, 1864, three years, William Welch, private, lOth Cav.; enl. Dec. 17, 1863, three years; re-enlisted. Charles C. French, priv. ; eul. Sept. 1861. three years ; sub. for John L. Schofield. Jesse Price, eul. Sept. 16, 1864, three years ; substitute for Augustus T, Barnes. David Peters, private; eul, Ang. 8, 1864, three years ; sub. for John Wilson. Dwight Warren, 1st lieut., 189th Inf.; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year. Nathan Crosby, capt., lS9th Inf.; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. L. G. Rutherford, 2d lieut., 189th Inf. ; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. Hiram Schofield, 1st lieut., 189th Inf. : enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. Bnrrage Rice, capt., lS9th Inf. ; enl." Sept. 19, 1864, one year. James McQuigan, private, Ist Art.; enl. Dec. 24, 1863, three years ; re-enlisted. James L. Storms, private; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Frank W. Brewster, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Dec. 20, 1863, three years ; re-enl. Philo Jump, private, 50th Eng. ; eul. Dec. 20, 1863, three years; re-enl. George F. Kirk, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, one year. Oiristian Gardner, private, 5th Art. Thomas Honhalan, private ; enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Anthony Hogan, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Dec. 24, 1864, three years; re-enlisted. Francis Turner, private ; enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Joseph Shirley, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Dec. 24, 1864. E. B. Miller, private, 1st Art.; enl. Dec. 24, 1864. James Lindsay, private, 16th Art. ; enl. Jan. 5, 1864, three years. Charles L. Davis, private, 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 5, 1864, three years. William A. Sliney, 16th Art. ; enl, Jan. 5, 1864, three years. William S. White, private, 16t': Art. ; enl. Jan. 6, 1864, three yeare. Charles Wilson, privati', 16th Art. ; enl. Jan. 5, 1864, three years. William Beamer, private, 16th Art. ; enl. Jan. 2, 1864, thi-ee years. Frank Bl. Wedge, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Dec. 24, 1863, three years ; re-enlisted. Jacob Blarch, private, 16th Art. ; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years. D. D. Leavenworth, private, 16th Art. ; enl. Dec. '. 8, 1863, three years. Joshua F. Van Buren, private, 78th Inf. ; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years. Henry Shults, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. James B. Ells, private, I89th Inf. ; enl. Jan. 23, 1864, one year. John M. Fairfield, private, 10th Cav.; enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Ford Lewis, private, 10th Cav. ; eul. Dec. 31, 1863. .Tames Morrison, piivate, 10th Cav. ■ enl. Dec. 31, 1863. John Birkett, private, 50th Eng, ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. Charles Kuox. John Moss, private, 50th Eng. ; onl. Jan. 4, 1864. Andrew IHjller, private, 107th luf. ; enl. Jan. 1, 1864, one year. Martin Cavanagh, private ; enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Peter Veely, Harris Biith-r, 1st Art.; eul. Dec. 24, 1S63. Edward Burkett, private, 50th Fug. ; enl. fur three years ; re-enl. Jan. 21, 1864. Michael Ryan, private, 50th Eng, ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864, throe years. 184 HISTORr OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. George Clark, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864, three years. William Templar, private, 50lh Eng. ; enl. Jan. 21, 1S64, three years. William B. Dingley, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Jan. 20, 1S64, three years. Theodore Hawkins, private, 10th Cav. ; enl. Dec. 3], 18&J, three years. Benjamin Sutler, private, 16l8t Inf.; enl. Jan. 13, 1S64, three yeai-s. Seymour E. Hosford, private, lOth Cav.; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years. J. D. Smith, private, 86th Inf. ; enl. Dec. 3o, 1863, three years. Jesse J. Tolbert, 86th Inf.; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years. Edward Chavelier, 5th Art.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Sidney J. Hadley, private, 16th Art.; enl. Dec. 7, 1863, three years. George Hadley, private, 16th Art.; enl. Dec 7, 1863, throe years. Lemuel Smith, private, 16th Art.; enl. Dec. 7,1863, three year«; died in service. S. M. Atwell, private, 16th Art.; enl. Dec. 24, 1863, three years. Elihu Lockwood, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Henry Richardson, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Feb. 7, 18G4, three years; re-enlisted. Beiij. F. Smcad, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Feb. 7, 1S64, three years ; re-enlisted. Philander P. Thorp, 1st sergt., 1st Art.; eul. Dec. 24, 18G;J, three years; re-enl. Orrin L. Daniels, private, 1st Art. ; o'ni. Dec. 24, 1863, three 3'ears; re-enlisted. Ezra Niles, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Dec. 24, 18G3, three years; re-enlisted. Charles Clarkson, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Dec. 24, 1863, three years. Thomas Stinson, private, 179th Inf.; enl. Feb. 3, 1864, three years. Monroe R. Brewster, private, lT9th Inf.; enl. Jan. 12, 1HG4, three years. Charles Grumpt, private, 179th Regt.; enl. Feb. 1, 18G4, three years. Samuel E. Breck, private, 179th Regt. ; enl. Feb. 12, 1864, three years. William D. Potter, private, 179th Regt. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. George F. Comstock, sergt., IGth Art. ; enl. Dec. 29, 1863, three years. William H. Covert, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 16, 1864, one year. George W. Simons, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Sept. 16, 1864, one year, Robert Read, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 16, 1864, one year. William R. Goodsell, private, ISOtli Regt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Oliver Billington, private, I89th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. David P. Whitaker, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. David Crosby, 1st sergt., ISUth Regt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1S64, one year. Robert Robinson, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Anthony Collins, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Martin Collins, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 25, 1864, one year. Thomas II. Stills, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Sept. 25, 1864, one year. Thomas J. Manning, private, 180tli Regt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Alexander W. Holly, private. 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 15, lf64, one year. Robert McCann, sergt., lS9th Regt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. James R. Putnam, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Nathaniel Thomas, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year. Nathan Morse, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year. John R. Wyckoff, private, lS9th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Thomas Fogarty, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. Thomas Williams, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. Willis Stewart, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. George W. Yeilie, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. Lorenzo J. Sawyer, private, lS9th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year. Benjamin Morse, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Sept. 15, 1S64, one year. James Bain, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Sept. 20, 1SC4, one year. James C. Keive, private, 50rh Eng.; enl. Dec. 13, 1863, three years. George Edwards, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Dec. 13, 1863, three years. Edward Mullen, private, lS9th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Frederick Smith, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. John Pratt, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Charles W. Barrett, private, 189th Regt. ; must. t. 5, 1864, one year. James Bennett, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. o, 1864, one year. Charles McCann, private, lS9th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1SG4, one year. William G. Frank, private, lS9th Regt., Co. M ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Harvey A. Fairchild, private, lS9th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1S64, one year. Isaac Watts, private, lS9th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. William McElwain, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Henry S. Sprague, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Seymour Huston, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. William Covill, private. 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. John Presho, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1S64, one year. James S. Loughrey, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Elisha H. Evans, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct 5, 1864, one year. S. S. Wheeler, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Thomas Maxwell, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Daniel Brace, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Henry Morrison, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Julius C. Duiitou, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. J. W. Knight, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Joseph MulhoUon, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Merton Ostrander, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. James McPherson, private, lS9th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1S64, one year. Henry Covill, private, 189th Regt. ; en!. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Henry G. Bull, private, 189th Regt., Co. M : enl. Oct. 5, 1S64, one year ; died in hospital near City Point. Michael Shea, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, ISW, one year. Charles M. Frink, private, 189th Regt. ; eul. Oct. 5, 1864, one year ; died in hos- pital near City Point. Samuel G. Highcock, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. John S. Benham, private, I89th Regt.; enl. Oct. .^, 1864, one year. Judson V. Caige, private, 189th Regt, ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Howard Waters, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. John Kniffin. private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Mortimer Ferguson, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Charles S. Grey, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Andrew J. Snell, private, lH9th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Stephen A. Hagadorn, private, 189th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. John Slocum, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Ahram S. Gould, private, lS9th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Abram Clarkson, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Benjamin Davis, private, 189th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Alonzo Vunck, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Charles E. Willys, private, lS9th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. George T. Daniels, private, 189th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1664, one year. Samuel Faucett, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. William Bottriel, private, lS9th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1S64, one year. Isaac Ferris, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. George W. Ferris, private, lS9th Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Henry Heron, private, 189lh Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Nelson Kring, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. James Woodbury, private, 189th Regt. : enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. James Heron, private, 189tli Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Henry L. TownsemI, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Isaac Baker, private. lS9th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 5, 1804, one year. William P. Cox, private, 189th Regt. ; enl. Oct. .% 1S64, one year. George Blakesly, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Robert Heron, private, 189th Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Benjamin F. Ferris, private, ISOth Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Ahram Brownell, private, 189th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. William Algor, private, ISSth Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Barney J. Hyer, private, iy9tli Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. George Ellsworth, private, 189th Regt.; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Patrick Bowes, private, ISOth Regt. ; must. Oct. 5, 1864, one year. Frederick Arnd, sergt., 22d Cav.; enl. Jan. 24, 1864, three years; pro. to 2d lieut. Henry T. Grants, private, 22d Cav. ; eul. Dec. 17, 1863, three years. Daniel B. Boilieu, sergt, 22d Cav. ; enl. Dec. 17, 1863, three years. Edward E. Ostrander, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Jan. 17, 1864, three years; served two years in 2:5d Iiif, ; discharged and re-enlisted. Wellington Wheaton, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Dec. 5, 1863, three years. Henry L. Moore, corp., 22d Cav.; enl. Jan. 4, 1S64, three years; served two years in 23d Inf.; discharged and re-enlisted. William M. Pratt, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Dec. 14, 1S63, three years. Cornelius Grants, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Thomas J. Clickner, private, 22d Cav. ; enl.'Jan. 20, 1864, three years. Elias Shults, farrier, 22d Cav. ; enl. Jan. 7, 1864, three years. Alexander Stewart, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Dwight Barker, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Jan. 7, 1864, three years. James Bartlett, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Jan. 19, 1864, three years. Robert B. Campbell, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Jan. 1, 1864, three years. Zachariah DiUline, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Jan. 16, 1864, three years. Daniel H. Dickerson, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Jan. 2, 1864, three years. Daniel M. Ellas, priv.,22d Cav.; enl. Jan. 5, 1864, three years; died at Rochester. William A. Hopkins, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Dec. 21, 1863, three years. Clint^in N. Ostrander, private, 22d Car.; enl. Nov. 20, 1863, three years. Lewis E. Shaw, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Thomjis Stewart, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Nov. 21, 1863, three years. William N. Terrill, private, 22d Cav.; enl. Nov. 21, 1863, three years. Tobias Vangelder, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Jan. 16, 1864, three years. Lewis H. Covert, corp. ; enl. Oct. 1863. Thomas Scarvell, private, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862, three years. Moses Grants, private, 107th Inf. ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862, three years. Thomas Wilcox, private, 12th Cav.; eul. Sept. 12, 1864, three years. Job Loder, private, lOlst Inf.; enl. Aug. 3, 1864, three years. John F. Little, capt , 161st Inf. ; enl. Sept. 19, 1862, three years. Thomas Smith, private, IGtU Art., Co. D ; enl. Dec. 1, 1863, three years; disch. Aug. 1865. Anson Marsh, private, lS9th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 27, 1864, one year. Otis Corbin, private, 141st Regt.; enl. Aug. 22, 1864. Monroe Brundage, 2d lieut., 34th Regt. ; enl. June 16, 1861, three years ; pro. to capt. ; lost an arm at the battle of Antietam. Reuben Eels, private, 161st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Carlton Eels, private, 161st Inf.; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years. James H. Lane, private, 16l8t Regt. ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years. Alvah B. Clark, private, 7Sth Regt. ; enl. Feb. 6, 1862, three years. Alexander Kenety, private, 102d Inf.; enl. 1864, three years. Seneca Watson, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Feb. 22, 1S64, three years. George Lane, private, 78th Inf. ; eul. Dec. 1, 1S61, three years. William Kirkham, private, 161st Regt.; enl. Feb. 1862, three years. Otis n. Smith, strgt., 161st Regt.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; pro. to lieut. Arnold Shults, sergt., 161st Regt.; eul. Aug. 22, 1862, three years. Reiiben Smith, private, 1st Art., Co. E; enl. Sept. 10, 1861, three years. Luther C. Townshend, private, 22d Cav.; eul. Jan. 29, 1864, three years; died at Andersonville, Ga. Willard Chase, private, 161st Regt., C\). F ; eul. June 3, 1862, three years ; died in hospital, New York City. Wm.Emei-sou,priv. ,101st Regt.; enl. Aug. 31,1862, three years; died atElmira. Henry Emerson, private, 7Sth Regt.; enl. Dec. 2S, 1861, three years; killed at the battle of ChaucellorsTille. TOWN OF BATH. 185 Francis Wheatoii, private, lUTth Regt.; eiil. Ang. 5, lS6:i, three years; died at Maryland Heights. George W. Lindsay, private, lOTtli Kegt., Co. D ; enl. Aug. 5, 186'2, three yeare; taken prisoner near Athinta and confined at Florence, S. C; died at An- napolis, Md., March 27, 1865. James R. Lewis, private, 161st Regt., Co. D ; enl. Aug. 2a, 1862, three years. Charles Hicks, private, 78th Regt. ; enl. March 8, 1862, three yeai-s ; killed at the buttle of Chancellorsville, May, 18G3. Dennis Story, private, 78lh Regt.; enl. Jan. 1862, three years. Jacob Story, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Sept. 9, 1861, three years; re-enl. in ii'th Eng., Sept. 9, 1864. Chas. Story, priv , 50th Eng.; enl. Sept. 0, 1861, three years; re-enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Lewis Hathaway, private, IGlst Regt.; enl. Aug. 20, 1862, three years ; died in hospital, La. Elcazer Cole, private, 47th Regt. ; enl. Feb. 1865, one year; sub. f<>r Wm. McFee. Lorenzo D. Conine, private, 22d Cav. ; enl. Feb. 3, 1864, three years. Richard H. Harvey, private, 161st Regt.; enl. Aug. 25, 18G2, three years. Dugald Cirabam, private, 161st Regt. ; enl. Aug. 23, 1862, three years. John Story, private, 50ih Eng. ; enl. Sept. 1861, three years. George H. Hardenbrook, Ueut.,78tli Regt., Co. F; enl. March, 1862, thr^-e years. William \V. Lindsay, 1st lieut., 161st Regt.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Almcron Slills, private, 101st Regt., Co. D; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. John F. Lewis, private, 10th Cav. ; enl. Feb. 23, 1864, three years. RiisUrn Freeman, 1st lieut., 161st Regt.; enl. Oct. 15, 1862, three years. James Fawcelt, 2d lieut., 101st Regt.; enl. Oct. 15, 1862, three years. Hugh Brennan, private, 107th Regt., Co. D; enl. Aug. 1862, three years. Patrick Ilrennan, private, IGlst Regt.; enl. Oct. 1862, three years; disch. for disability, and died at home. Rene Hopt, coi-p., lOlt^t Regt.; enl. Sept. 4, 1862, three years. Joseph S. Dolson, asst. surg., 161st Regt.; enl. Oct. 6, 1862, three years. Elias I'almer, private, l07tb Regt.; enl. Aug. 6, 1862, three years. James Rutherford, private, 14th Art.; enl. Sept. 1863, three years. Jacob McCann, private, 161st Regt.; enl. Aug. 29, 1862, three years. Anthony Shanwicb, private, 7Sth Regt.; etil. Jan. 13, 1862, three years; taken prisoner at Cedar Mountaiu. James Knight, private, l07th Regt.; enl. Aug. 16, 1862, three years. Robert Lindsay, private, oOth Eng.; enl. March 7, 1S04, three years. Robert M. Luve, private, 161st Regt.; enl. Sept. 1, 1802, three years. David E. Benedict, private, 50th Eng.; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, tlivee years, riiilip R. Loder, private, 5uth Eng. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1801, three years. William 0. Mitchell, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Daniel A. Stark, private, 161st Inf. ; enl. Oct. 22, 1802, three yeara. Jolni Greene, corp.. 107th Iiif. ; enl. Aug. 0, 1802, three years. Ira Bulkley, private, 161st Inf. ; enl. Sept. 1802, three years. George Clark, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Aug. 22, 1801, three yeare. Emmons W, Jack, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 10, 1802, three years. Theodore F. Horton, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Sept. 24, 1804, one year. William Horton, private, Hilth [nl". ; enl. Aug. 20, 1802, three years. Peter H. Durland, capt., 161st Regt.; enl. Oct. 28, 1802, three years. Thaddeus S. Reamer, private, 16th luf. ; enl. Sept. 9, 1861, three years ; re-enl, Feb. 14, 1864, in 14th Art. Oliver Cromer, private, 141st Inf. ; enl. Sept. 14, 1862, three years. Clark Evans, private, lOlst Inf.; enl. Sept. 10, 1862, three years. William II. Miller, private, 141st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 1862, three years. John Payne, private, lo7th Inf.; enl. July 14, 1862, three years. Earl Evans, private, 76th Inf.; enl. Oct. 1801, three yeai-s; re-enl. Feb. 1864. James RI. Wbittaker, private, 141st Inf.; eul. Aug. 1862, three yeai^s. Stephen Thomas, corp., 80lh Inf., Co. I; enl. Oct. ISOl, three years; reenl. in 86tli, April, 1865. George Jack, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year. Willi:»in H. Thomius, 1st Art., Co. E; enl. Oct. 1, 1861, three years. Peter Austin, private, 107th Inf.; enl. July 23, 1862, three years. Rufus S. Alderman, private, 161st Inf.; enl. Oct. 22, 1862, three years; pro. to q.-m. sergt. James N. Cadmus, capt., 161st Inf.; enl. Oct. 27, 1862, three years. William Moss, private, 107th Inf., Co. H ; enl. July 25, 1802, three years. James Austin, corp., 07th Inf., Co. C; enl. Aug. 29, 1862, tliiee years. Jnhn Bakeman, private, IGlst Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 22, 1802, three yeai-s. John Blunt, private, 50th Eng., Co. E ; enl. Sept. 12, 1801, three yejtrs. George W. Lowell, private, 16th Inf., Co. G ; enl. Dec. 1863, tbioe years. Charles J. Smith, private, 101st Inf., Co. E; enl. Oct. 10, 1862, three years. Daniel H. Hilt, private, 3d Art., Co. E; enl. Oct. 3, 1864, one year. Bradford Sanford, ord. sergt., 161st Inf., Co. D ; enl. Oct. 27, 1862, three jears. John T. Merrim, private, IGlst Inf., Co. D ; enl. Oct. 27, 1862, three years. Syvanus A. Van Knren, private, 78th Inf., C-o. F; eul. March, 1862, three years. Clark B. Oicutt, corp., 64tb Inf., Co. E; enl. Nov. 28, 1862, three years; re-enl. Aug. 1, 1S64, in 1st Batt., V. R. C, for three years. William Bryan, 1st lieut., 141st Inf., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 10, 1862, three years. Joseph Blunt, private, 161st Regt.; enl. Aug, 20, 1862, three years; killed at Sabine Cross-Roads. Henry Blunt, private, 50th Eug.; enl. Aug. 1861, tliree years; died at Bellevue hospital; buried at Cypress Hill. William Sanford, private, 101st Inf.; enl. Aug. 18(rJ, three yeare; died at Baton R"«ge, July 10, 1803. [saac S>';iger, private, 10 1st Inf.; enl. ,\ug. 1802, three years; shut by guerrillas. John M. Evans, private, I41st Inf.; enl. Sept. 1862, three years; killed at Georgia, Tenn. 24 Selah Ev:ins, priv., 86th Inf. ; enl. Oct. 1861, three yeai-s ; died at Washington, D. C. Walter S. Fairfield, jirivate, 34th Inf.; enl. Juno 11, 1861, three years; died at Washington, D. C. Charles E. Hughes, corp., 141st Inf. ; enl. Sept. 1802, three years; died at Wash- ington, D. C. Daniel H. Miller, private, oOth Eng. ; enl. Sept. 18, 1861, three years; died at Savona, Steuben Co., N. Y. Chester Wise, ord. sergt., Ulst Inf.; enl. Sept. in, 1802, three years; died or killed at Savannah, Ga. David B. Sanford, private, 107th Inf.; enl. Aug. 10, 1862, three years; killed at the battle of Dallas, May 25, 1864. David Abel, private, 87th Inf.; enl. Oct. 1, 1861, three years; died at Harper's Ferry, Oct. 29, 1862. Charles M. Carr, private, 161st Inf.; enl. Sept. 18G2, three years; died at Baton Rouge, Sept. 9, 1SG3. James L. Storms, private, 7Sth Inf. ; enl. Miirc!i 7, 1S(;2, three years; re-enl. in leth H. Art.; died at Wilmington. X. C. Neimiah Youmans, drummer, IClst Inf , enl. Aug. 1862, three years ; died in Bath, Nov. 1862. William C. Fuller, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. James Stewart, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Judson Clark, color sergt., 161st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 21, 1SG2, three years. Andrew Can-oil, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. George Brown, private, 161st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. David White, corp., 16lst Inf. ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Ambrose Stewart, sergt., 141st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. William Mills, private, 141st Inf, ; eul. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. R. Sackett. private, 78th Inf. ; eul. March, 1862, three yearns ; re-enl. March, 1864. Abram B. Van Loon, pri\Tite, 1st Art., Co. E; enl. Sept. 10, 1861, three years ; re-enl. in the navy. Charles Clarkson, private, 1st Art., Co. E ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861, three years ; re-enl. in Jan. 1864, in 1st Art. George Snell, sergt., 161st Inf. ; eul. 1SG2, three years. John L. Barber, private, 161st Inf.; enl. 1802, three yeai-s. John Bennett, 2ii lieut., 10th Mich. Regt.; enl. 1863, three years. Cliuton Pelbain, juivate, IGlst Inf.; enl. 1802, three years. Evi Winfield, private, lOIst Inf. ; enl. 1802, three years. John Ferris, privati-, 101st Inf. ; enl. 1862, three years. George W. Morrell, private, 1st Art. ; enl. Sept. 1861, three years. James S. Gillette, corp., 16l8t Inf. ; enl. 1862, three years. Frank Fay, private, 86th Inf.; enl. 1862, three years. Eugene Bassett, private, 161st Inf.; enl. Aug. 26, 1862, three yeara. Clinton Ostrander, private, 34th Inf.; enl. May, 1861, three years. Josiah Like, private, IGlst Inf.; enl. Sept. 20, 1862, three years. Harmon Denandler, private, IGlst Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three yeare. Charles W. Wright, Corp., 1st Art., Co. E; enl. Sept. 9, 1861, three years. Clark Slewait, private, 14 1st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862, three yeara; died at Nash- ville, Trnn., Nuv. 29, 1863. Dana Clark, private, IGlst Inf. ; enl. Sept. 20, 1862, three years ; died at Mobile, May 19, ISGo. Samuel T. Stewart, corp., 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years; died at West Point. Va., Jan 25, 1864. * William B. Aber, private, 161st Inf.; eul. Sept. 20,1862, three years; died at Vicksburg, June 22, 1864. Henry Shults, private, 101st Inf. ; cnl. Ang. 21, 1862, three years. Stephen Read, private, 16lst Inf. ; enl. Sept. 20, 1802, three years; died at Mem- phis, Jan. 23, 1864. Adam H. Wilcox, private, 161st Inf.; enl. Aug. 20, 1862, three years; died at Baton Rtiuge, La. James McCuUough, private, lOSth Inf.; enl. Aug. 20, 1802, three years ; died at Falmouth, Va. Stephen Magee, private, 1st Art., Co. E ; eul. Sept. 25, 1861, three yeare; died at Alexandria, Va., Feb. 9, 1803. Cornelius Ocorr, private, IGlst Inf. ; enl. Sept. 20, 18G2, three years; died at Bath, March 7, 1865. Juhn Clark, private, I07th luf.; enl. Feb. 25, 1862, three year.>; dii-d at Bath, Aug. 25, 1802. Ferdinand Nellis, sergt, 34th Inf. ; enl. May 18, 1861, three years ; re-enl. 1863, in 1st Vet. Cav. ; died at Audersonville, Feb. 18G5. Cornelius Voorhis, private, 78th Inf.; enl. Feb. 16, 1802, three yeara; re-enl. in 2d N. Y. Art., 1863 ; died at City Pciint, June 28, 1864. William Reamer, private, 16th H. Art.; enl. Jan. 5, 1804, three years. Isaac Green, 1st heut., 1st N. Y. Batt.; eul. Jan. 19, 1864, tliree years. Williiim Cooper, private, 189th Inf. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. John James, private, 22d Cav. ; three years. John Herman. Thomas D. Flynu, private ; enl. July 15, 1863, three years. David Van Wie, private; eul. July 15, 1863, three years. Harvey Payne, Jr., private; enl. July 15, 1863, three years. JohnC. Vail, priv.; cnl. Sept. 7, 1863, three years ; .sub. fur George Reail, drafted. Israel L. Barber, private; enl. Sept. 9, 1863, three years ; sub. for (iilbert Stew- art, drafted. Wm. Brooks, private; enl. Sept. 9, 1803, three years; sub. for Daniel Dorsey (colored), drafted. Thos. 0. Huiton, pnv. ; cnl.Sept.8, 1863, three years; sub. forWm. King, drafted Wm. Horn ill. priv. ; enl. Sept. 9, 1863, tliree years; sub. for Albert Thomas, il raited. David N. Morrison, private, 189th Inf.; enl. Aug. 18, 1864, one year. 186 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. William B. McCay, private, IClst Inf.; eul. Sept. 8, 18C3, three ye;irfl; suit, for Clarence I'criiie, drafteii ; pro. to 1st lietit., IGl^t Inf. Parley Cole, priv.; eiii. Feb. 15, 1SG5, llirec years; sul'. for Wm. McTee, dmfted. John Richardson, Jr., corp., 1st H. Art, ; enl. Feb. 7, 1804, three yeara. Welcome Kichardson, private, 107th N. Y. Regt. ; enl. Aug. 5, 18G2, three years ; wounded at the hattle of Gettysburg; discharged. William Barnes Mason, private, IGlst N. Y. Regt., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years; disch. Sepr. 2i>, ISGo, Arthur McGuiggan, private, IGlst Regt.; enl. Aug. 21, 18G2, three years: disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Robert Gansvoort, ca]»t., 107th Regt. ; enl. .Tiily, 1862, three years. Joliu J. Layman, eapt., I07th liegt. ; enl. July, 1862. William Runisey, 1st lieut; enl. Oct. 17, ISfil. three years; pro. to capt. and asst. adj.-gen., Sept. 12, 180:?; mtij., Sept. 9, 18G4; lieul.-col., March 10, 18G5; wounded at Fair Oaks, May 31, 18G2; must, out Sept. 1865. Dr. Ira P. Smiih, act. asst. snrg., regular army, Aug. K, 1SC2, to Sept. 24, 18C4. NAVAL RECORD. Gilbert Higgiiis, enl. May 8, 1864, one year; Colorado. Edward Stillnian, enl. May 8, 1804, one year ; Oilnrndo. Pbineas Towle, asst. paymaster ; eul. Aug. 22, 1862, four years ; I'arnkrbiU and Brooklyn, Charh's Brother, private, marine corps; enl. Aug. 1SG2, four years; Vanderbill and Bartford. Theodore Harris, private, marine corps; enl. Aug. 18G2, four years; Vandeibilt. Josiah H. Gregg, private, marine corps; enl. Aug. 1SG2, four years; Vanderbill and Brooklyn. Wm. Iii^iersoU, private, marine coriis ; enl. Aug. 1862, four years ; Vanderlilt. BIOGRAPHICAL SKHTCHES. COL. lUA DAVENPORT. Ira Davenport was born at Spencertown, Columbia Co., N. Y., on the 20th day of September, 1795, and died at Bath, N. Y., May 2, 1868, in the seventy-third year of his age. His life was one of active business enterprise, begin- niug in early boyhood and attaining pi'actical results rarely realized as the fruit of one's own unaided exertions. He probably obtained his first ideas of mercantile life, to which he began early to devote himself with so much assiduity, in his father's store, who was a merchant at Spencertown, and had also an interest in a store at Harpersfield, Delaware Co. To this latter place he was sent as a clerk at the age of fourteen, and remain^ till he had attained his majority. His plan of future business, on his own account, .seems to have been devised while he was gaining this practical ex- perience ; for we find him at once, in the year 1815, start- ing out for himself to the western portion of the county of Steuben, in the then backwoods settlement of Canisteo, now the town of Hornellsville, — named by Col. Davenport after Judge Horneil, who was one of the earliest .settlers, — and taking with liim his first wagon-load of goods, a dis- tance of three hundred miles through a newly-settled coun- try. On his arrival he was the first merchant in the place, and he built with his own hands the store in which he sold his first goods. By such enterprise Col. Davenport laid the foundation of his future ample fortune. Few 3'oung mer- chants in these days, we fear, would be content to call such a beginning " commencing business." But, as might have been expected, a youth of such courage brought jiersever- ance, economy, and untiring industry to add to his little capital ; and, as to these qualities were added integrity, strong, shrewd sense, and first-rate business talents, he was soon in the full tide of .success. The career of Col. Daven- port as a merchant at Hornellsville embraced a period of about thirty-two years, during which he was engaged in all the loading business enterprises of the times. While car- rying on mercantile business at that place, he had stores at Baker's Bridge, Angelica, Burns, Canisteo, North Almond, Hammondspovt, Dansville, Almond, and Independence. He was also a partner in a mercantile house and in a coal company in the city of New York, and was largely engaged in running lumber and arks down the river from Hornells- ville. It is said that he and Hon. John Arnot, of Elmira, were almost the only survivors, at the time of their death, of the men who, in the early days, were largely engaged in arking grain. He removed to Bath in 1847, where he re- sided the remainder of his life. While through most of his life he was cliiefly conspicuous as the enterprising and successful business man, he will only be known to posterity as the founder of The Davenport Home for Orph.an Girl.s. This institution was the con- summation of a purpose long since formed. Unostentatious as he was, and totally indifl^oreiit to popularity, he was yet a man of deeper sympathy than many others whose philan- thropy is trumpeted to the world. The condition of fiiendless and destitute female orphan children had ex- cited his profoundest commiseration, and the admirable institution which bears his name is a proof that his pity was not left to exhaust itself in mere emotions. He began to erect a building designed for children of this class in 1861. In 1863 the corporation was organized, and the fir.st orphan was received July 19, 1864. There are now sixty children in the Home, enjoying all the benefits of a genial Christian home, and a more cheery family can hardly be found in any of the benevolent institutions of the world. Col. Davenport conveyed to the Home sixty-five acres of the beautiful Cameron fiirm, in the village of Bath, which, with the massive structure of stone and iron whicli forms the main building, cannot be valued at less than seventy- five thousand dollars. He besides in his lifetime endowed it with funds to the amount of one hundred thousand dol- lars, to which his brother, Mr. Charles Davenport, has added thirty thousand dollars. Col. Davenport also made a bequest to the Home in his will of fifty thousand dollars more. At the time of his death additions to the building were in process of erection, which were subsequent!}' completed. If the future management of the Home shall follow the spirit in which it has been inaugurated, and its usefulness shall be developed to an extent commensurate with the munificence of its endowment, — as there is reason to believe from the test of experience thus far will be the case, — fu- ture ages will not fail to honor the memory of the founder till stone and iron shall crumble. Orphaned little ones will come forward, generation alter generation, to bless the fatherly spirit which was mindful of them before their lives began. And when centuries shall have passed away, and this good year of grace become one of the dates of antiquity, may there not be wanting the happy voices of children rescued from want and dishonor ( if such evils must needs burden the earth so long) to sing on yonder hill-side the simple songs which their benefact(n' loved so well to hear ! Col. Davenport married, in 1824, Lyilia, eldest daughter <^^j)0-yU-tyyV^^^^rA^^ td !> -i ■=4 ?9 -''■* iy S^nui .?.•«»" • 'I TOWN OF BATH. 187 uf the late IIoii. Dugald Cinueron, nf Batli, wlio died up- wards of thirty years ago. Two sons and two daughters survive him, — John and Ira Davenport, Mrs. Christina D. Rogers, wife ot" lion. Sliernian S. Rogers, of Bufl'alo, and Fanny D. Waterman, wife of J. W. Waterman, Esq., of Detroit, Micli. One son, Dugald C. Davenport, died Feb- ruary, 1852, at St. Thomas, W. I., and one daughter, Mrs. Eliza D. Waterman, Dec. 28, 18G5, at Detroit, Mieh. Tlie death of Col. Davenport was not an unexpected event, although his iron constitution had so long baffled a fatal termination of his disease that it was hoped ho might be spared to witness the completion of the noble under- taking to which he had dedicated the later years of his life. The final attack of liis disease was of great severity, and he was taken away in a few houi'S. Col. Davenport's two sons, Messrs. John and Ira Daven- port, succeeded him as the responsible managers of his charities ; and while it would not suit their wishes were we to dwell in detail upon the manner in which they have acted, not only in regard to the express trusts committed to them, but also in forwarding other undertakings for the public good, as to which no filial obligation could be felt, it will suffice to remark that the designs of their father have been carried by them on the way towai-ds perfect completion, with a loyalty to the wishes of the founder, and with a liberality on their part, which has made the Davenport Home for orphan girls a model of well-devised and eftect- ivcly-managed charity. HON. JOHN MAGEE. John Magee, of Watkins, N. Y., formerly of Batli, N. Y., was born near Easton, Northampton Co., Pa., Sept. 3. 1794. His parents, Henry Magee and Sarah Mulhollon Magee, came to this country from County Antrim, in the north of Ireland, about the year 1784. Henry Magee was a descendant from an ancient family of note, often mentioned in the early hi.story of Ireland. He was a first cousin of the late Rev. William Magee, D.D., Protestant Archbishop of Dublin, who is extensively known as an author. In 180.5, John Magee, with his j)arents, removed to Groveland, Livingston Co., N. Y., where his mother died Oct. 12, 1805. In 1808, the family, con.sisting of the father and five children, — Rebecca, John, Hugh, Thomas J., and Mary, — removed to Michigan, and settled in the vicinity of Detroit. In May, 1812, John Magee, with his father and brother Hugh, enlisted at Detroit, in the rifle-company of Captain A. de Quindra. This company went immediately into active service, had several skirmishes with the Indians, and took part in the battle of Brownstown on the 8th of August of that year. His company, belonging to the command of General Hull, was surreudeved, with his army, to the British forces, under General Brock, on the IGth of the same month. He remained a prisoner, on parole, until .January, 1813, when he was sent, with the captured troops, to St. Catherines, C. W., and thence across the country to Fort George. In the following month of March, obtaining his release, he joined Major Cyrenius Chapin's command of mounted rangers. In the mean time, Forts Erie and George had been taken by the American forces, under General Dearborn ; and the British army, in their retreat, had scattered their .supplies over the country. Major Chapin's command were engaged in gathering up these supplies, and in making other foraging expeditions, in the region lying between the Lakes Erie and Ontario. He was again taken prisoner at the battle of Beaver Dams, near St. Catharines, in June, 1811!. Finding his confine- ment excessively irksome, he determined to escape ; and though dissuaded by his commanding oflScer from making the attempt, he obtained pos.session of his horse, and set out at full speed acro.ss the lines towards Fort George, under a shower of bullets from the guard. On the way, a small boy begged so earnestly to be permitted to ride behind him, and take his chances for escape, that he allowed him to do so ; but the poor lad was killed ]>y the fire of the sentinels; his own clothes were riddled by their balls; his horse was wounded and fell under him, though not until he had reached General Dearborn's pickets ; and gaining the fort with but slight injury, he reported to the officer in command the disaster at Beaver Dams. ,That officer did not fail to avail himself of the courage and address which this young soldier had exhibited. He was immediately ajipointed as a messenger, to carry dis- patches for the government between Fort Niagara and Wa.shington, and to points along the frontier. This duty, attended as it was by many hardships and perils, he dis- charged with a degree of skill and endurance rarely equaled. On one occasion, when dispatches of great importance were forwarded by him to the Department of War, at Washing- ton, he continued in the saddle for forty-eight hours, pro- curing fresh horses from time to time, until he reached Northumberland, Pa., when, becoming completely ex- hausted, he obtained a reliable person to proceed to Washington with the papers, and to obtain the requisite answers, which, as soon as they reached him, he conveyed to General Wilkinson, then in command. On arriving at lieadquartors, the general refused to believe lliat he could possibly have been to Washington in the short time that had elapsed, until he had received and read the answers to his communications, when, eying John with astonish- ment, he mentally expressed his admiration, and, proceed- ing to his military chest, he presented to him five hun- dred dollars in gold. This money was not made " the ffcrm of his subsequent fortune" (as has been repeatedly stated), but was generously given, every dollar of it, to poor widows with needy children, whose husbands had been killed by the Indians. Leaving the service of the government, in the spring of 1816, John, in company with his brother Jefi'er.son, made the journey from Buflalo to Bath, Steuben Co., on foot ; their road for a good part of the distance being only a path designated by marked trees. His first employment was cutting cordwood for Capt. William Bull at twenty-five cents per cord. It had been a result of the removals of his father's family, the want of schools, and other privations met in the newly-settled state of the country, tliat he had entered upon the work of life almost destitute of education. This deficiency he deeply ISS Hl:?T\>KY OF STKl'BtlS COUNTY. NEW YORK. fyt. *aJ appKt"d 1tiat$-lT he e^lp»s^^^ iu tjuiu- u»^ with hk btvHher-in-law, Aott5aik>n of ei^ht dollars {vr mouth. In the sprinsr of ISIS he was ekvted to the offiee of ivustable auvl sx^leetor of the town of Bath, aud in ISll* he was a].^viuted to the offiiv of deputv sheritF under Oetvrw M«.-Cl«nt\ the dutkis of which he continued to dis- charw until 1S:J0. In the year lS:h> he w^»s appointed matshat for the county of Steuben to take the census. On the 6th of Jaaitarr. 1S20, he w*? niarrted to Sarah "■' " " : r of Hon. Thoutas MeBuriK-y. She ~ - ^. leaving no chikirea. The arduotts dutieif of luarshat he performed pw^raJhr on fi>i«. : ^' _ : " -y which exfetuled to iHitarto County V .ujrfton County on the wvsts and to Tompkins iVuuty on the <<*£*> «aibraciag a territiMnr laore than double the prvsent limits of Steuben CV>uniy. Upon th« coiupletioa of his nfp^wt he received the public thanks of the authoritieis for the n^iuarkable ftithfulness and accttney of hts returns. ac«v4upauied by a handsome se* v^f tabie-silrer. In the year 1S2I the office of his:h- ^^wriff beiMauiKr Taeaat by the death of Henry Schriver. he w»s a{^MBted in his place. In IS-o. when a chai^ in the ovwstitution of the State tool: place, the office of hi|:b-«h««ff. which had preriotk^y been cooierred by a cv^Dcil of appcintweot. became eWtire. and he was then ehosen by the pei^nte to that ^^ffice. and serr^vi till IScfS. IHurii^ the last years of hfe ".rred to an eluMtee still standii^ within the lim:.. viUa^ of WackiiKf, which marked the boandary^ine been the cv^anti^ of SteabMt aitd Tompkins, under which he had iik«« than o«ce wanted in the nkht for fti^tiT«s 6v>iB justice, who had motivvs &r crassii^ the bounds at utkseissoaahle bouts. While <&ehai^i(^ the duties of hfeoSo'. '^ .t;^ with charactenstie public spirit iu estabfis: , . v^f mait coacheis between the principal towns of Southw«stera Xew York and Harndtwir^. Phibtd^phia. Baltimore, and Wash- in^tou. In thfe lna»^ of biKtneiss he was assjctaied with JiM^ Cx^i:. of Bath, and others. In the n ia nagtm e nt of this« linets of stages, which were of great puhite utifitr at that period, he became strvx^iy impnxfsed with the impor- taaes «f raifa«ad fiKtlities. in the pnMwticu of which he sdbsaiqaeaily took so eott^ptcuotts a part. In the year lSf6. Mr. Ma^ee was b(««^t forward by hk feUow-^-itiaetis as a caadiifate for Coagiess. He was ele«ted by a Terr ««•- siiliinhie majority, aad was again a success&I (.-aatBtxtie Kir th«saweoSee. I^ui^ both th«se terms it: Cc: .;t\s!- r.; :,vk. .i -. r.-.iL:- ■eat pv^tioo. G«ne(al Jaeksoo. wh-. s; -.Ixi: -.iax* -.wuj;^ the pK^adeMsd chwr. ie»anied him a^ a wan of extraonfi- Kirr sa$»ettT and soundmsss of ju^ment. and Ma«le him his evafidential {nml and adrfeer. He often eiMstdted him ifon ii^pxtuit ^»£tM«s, and ofeted him a :»u in 1^ cabinet, vhkh 3f r. Mage«. howiever. de«£ned. Mr. Magee was manied to Atabeik Steuart. Feb. ±1 ISSl. at W^ui^uw. SW«&«d at Watkixs. May 16, 1S<>4. She w;fe$ the modMM- of ten duldrea. &«r of whom surriTed her and her htdbjand. Kunely. J^ucan &, Gevxvie J.. John. and Hebe P. }fage«. and only tww of whtiat ai« now fixi^. T Til.. Geu. litxirg*.- .1, Magee, ot" Watkms. aiui Mrs. Hebe r. Ellsworth. In I Sol the Steuben County Bank was established. Mr. Magee was chits^n its first president, and evinced uiucb ^ill and fidelity in cotiducting its affairs until his death, a jvriod of thirtvsieven years. Ihiring his residence at Bath. Mr. Magee was one of the projectors of the New Yi>rk ami Erie Railroad, and devoted hims^f with characteristic energy to the carrying forward of that great enterjirtse. strongly anticipating as he did its great influeiKe in the deveJopmeni of the resources of the " Svnuhern Tier" ivvinties of the State and its general utility. Ho was associated with Jv>hn Aruot. Constant Ci^'k. Charles CVjok. J. H. Chedell. and J. S. T. Stranahau in coustruct- ing the road fr\»«u Binghamton v. - Homellsville- Mr. Magee was the prv^jector _ y instrumental in the baiidii>g of the Couhocton Valley RailrvYtd from Cora- ing to Bttffalvv a work in which the interests of the citiieits v>f Steuben County were immediately coiKvmed. His irf- forts and personal sacrifices in its behalf are well known among his neighbors, the older citiaeos of that county. In 1S51 he became interested in the Blte^urg and Corning Railroad, which was chiefly indebted to his ener- getic co.<.^>eratioo f»»- its comp4etioo. At that period the coal bttsiiKss had assumed bot little importance iu the Tic^ Valley. Mr. Magee made his first puivhase of coal lands iu IS59. and opened the mines at Fall Brook in the saime year. Entering upon this new field with l^ usual nsoht- tiott and sa^ran.'ity. overcoming obstacles which, to otho' min«bk mkrht have appeared insurmountable, he soon found this work grv^wing so rapidly upon his hands as to donnd hb constant attention, aikd hts later years were chiefly de- voted to its ptwectttioB. In 1S64. Mr. Ma^ee removvd from Bath to Watkiits, in ' -^ ' ' r. Prior to this time, in 1S59 and xtensive purdta^s of viU^ie i«if>i«ty at the head of Seneea Lake, for the location of tr«stle-w\»ks. baeii^ etc.. for the deKverr and slupment of real : for the purp«£e of K?at-buildi^ : for a steam flouriis:-miIl ; for dwellings for his wvfktnen : for hk own r^idenee ; aitd for other purposes^ These btuMiKSS and improvements de~ maitded a wit large outlay, and fun^wd employment to a hr^ nunri>er of labcreis. TV? bi^iitess interests of die vilb^ received a vkible impulse from the commence- matt of theise operattoos. and these intetests Mr. Magee always manifested a eon&l deaie to promote in a substan- tial manner. He was a Kieial contributor for the pureh^e and ia^coveMent of the present cemeterr gtounafe near Witkias. He was an ean«t and fiitUul attnitdint upon the Pt«s- bytetian Chnrek. of which he was a member, and piovided for the erection of the large Pt«sbytetian church e^fiee ia Watkins at a cost of SoO.OOt). In 1S*7. Mr. M^Kse w« ehoain a delegate w the Oi»- stitutioKJ Cvavention of the State of Xev Toik, and hk ha pnhficsetriceswaerendetedasaaKndberof thatbody. He did not Kve to see the work of tkit conventiENi com- pleted, but hk iaflnenee ^ a member was coasorative and vahndbie. and hk opinion were ie;»ided with respect. Mr. Magee £ed of pwahsb. at Watkios. N. T.. April TOWN OF BATH. 189 5, 1868, and was buried in Glenwood Cemetery, in the plat of ground which he had provided and tastefully improved for his family burial-place. John Magee was an honest man. He could not abide trickery. He never stooped to any meanness in all his varied and gigantic transactions. He always did business in a direct, honest, straightforward way. He wanted every one to come right to the point, for he was already there himself There was no double-dealing with him. He hated shams of all kinds, pretensions, and superficial .seem- ings. He was an original and marked man. He constitutes a notable specimen of the American growth which starts from poverty and develops into wealth, statesmanship, wide per- sonal influence, and financial control. In his intercourse with the people of all classes Mr. Magee was courteous and affable, and always ready to do a kindness. He had a strong sympathy with young men who, like himself, were obliged to struggle with privations and to surmount obstacles in the commencement of their career. Many instances of his generous assistance to such persons are remembered with gratitude. Industry, economy, and self-reliance he commended, and was ready to aid ; while idleness, wastefulness, and any lack of honesty, in- tegrity, or of straightforward diligence and thrift, met from him only the most severe reprehension. If actual misfor- tune had overtaken a man, if the real wants of the widow or the orphan reached his knowledge, his heart was ready to respond and his hand prompt to offer relief A statesman, second to none in the republic, writes of him as follows : " To me he was an attractive man. He was a strona: o man upon those points where I feel my own weakness, and it always gave me pleasure to talk with him. Beyond any one I have known he was quick in his perceptions of char- acter, keen in seeing through the facts of matters with which he had to deal, and prompt in his action. While he was resolute in his purposes, firm in demanding his rights, he had, what is rare with men of his cast of char- acter, great charity for the weaknesses of others, and a kindly generosity in helping those who made mistakes or who fell into trouble fnim want of wisdom or .skill. I never knew another whose .sharp questionings, stern probings, and close scrutinies always ended in such liberal and generous conclusions. I have known more or le.ss of the leading men of our country during the last thirty years. Not one of them made more marked and deep impressions upon me than John Magee." And one of the first judges of the land says of him that " He was one of those sterling and able men whose names we are accustomed to as.sociatc with the stability and prosperity of the state, and whose weight of character far transcends the dignity of mere official position." HON. CONSTANT COOK. The life of this prominent t-itizen of Bath serves admir- ably t(j illustrate the suuces.s that attends upon habits of industry, self-denial, and genuine economy, — habits which were his only capital when, sixty years since, in the first flush of his manhood, he became a resident of this county, and step by step placed himself among the most widely known busine.ss men of Western New York. It will be seen that he did not stumble upon a colossal fortune ; that it was by no mere luck or chance that he became a million- aire. His was an example from which we may all learn to conquer fortune and deserve success. Constant Cook, the son of Philip and Clarissa (Hatch) Cook, was born in Warren, Herkimer Co , N. Y., on the 10th day of November, 1797, and there with his father passed his earlier years in the work of the farm. On Christ- mas-day, 1819, he was married at Richfield, Otsego Co., to Maria Whitney, daughter of Nathan and Hannah Whit- ney, formerly of Fairfield Co., Conn. Mrs. Cook, now a " widow of about fourscore years," still survives, active and unwearied still in those works of piety and beneficence which have greatly endeared her name to all who know her. It was an auspicious day to Mr. Cook and his fortunes that found him united to one who so nearly realized the divine ideal* of the excellent woman. So, at least, thought and felt all they who fifty years later assem- bled to celebrate the golden wedding in Bath. In April, 1820, about three months after his marriage, Mr, Cook removed to Cohocton, in Steuben Co., where he re- sumed the business of farming ; but soon became interested with John Magee, late of Watkins, but formerly of Bath, in immerous passenger and mail routes, by the efficient man- agement of which they gave great satisfaction to the public, and laid the foundation of the fortunes which they subsequently built up. About the year 1840, while still residing at Cohocton, Mr. Cook was appointed one of the judges of the county, an office which he filled for the term of three years. In 1843, Judge Cook removed to Bath, and engaged in commercial pursuits with Mr. Magee ; but their attention was soon drawn to that great work, the construction of the Erie Railway, and, in company with J. S. T. Strana- han, of Buflalo ; John H. Chedell, of Auburn; John Arnot, of Elmira ; and Charles Cook, of Havana, they took the contract for the building of the road from Bing- hamton to Corning. The general management of this work was intrusted by his associates to Judge Cook, who prosecuted it with such vigor and success as to win for him very substantial tokens of satisfaction from all concerned. Subsequently, with the Hon. John Magee, he projected and built the Buffalo, New York and Corning Road, from Corning to Buffalo, by way of Batavia and Attica. Still later he projected the Bloss Coal Company, located at Arnot, near Blossburgh, Pa. During the last twenty years of his life, Judge Cook became widely known for his banking-houseat Bath, which, early in the war, was converted into a national bank, and soon took rank with the soundest and most successful insti- tutions of the kind in the State. The last great and crown- ing euterpri.se of his life was one of special interest to the congregation of St. Thomas' Church, Bath, who learned one day, about six years before his decease, that he had pro- * Proverbs xzxi. 10-.31. 190 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. posed to the vestry to start a subscription for a new church edifice, which had lung been greatly needed, with the sum of twenty thousand dollars, which he soon after increased to thirty thousand, on condition that half as much more should be raised by the parish. The proposition was gratefully received and warmly seconded, and the result is now seen in one of the most commodious and beautiful church edifices in the diocese. Bishop Co.\e, in his address to the Convention of the Diocese of Western New York in 1871, says: " It was a good day for the diocese when, in Easter week, I consecrated the church at Bath. It is one of the most beautiful fabrics in Western New York, and it adorns one of its most charming villages. The munificence of a single parishioner, Mr. Constant Cook, gave it this scale of spaciousness and splendor, but the parishioners generally had liberally contributed to the work. The large attendance of our clergy and laity at the consecration, the spirit and animation of the services, and the crowded missionary meeting that completed the solemnities of the festive day, bore witness to the depth of interest which the good work had awakened throughout the diocese." The death of Judge Cook, after a long-protracted illness, occurred on the 24th day of February, 1874, at the age of .seventy-six years, three months, and thirteen days. The Courier of March 4 adds : " The funeral of the late Judge Cook was attended from his residence in this village on Thur.sday afternoon last, a very large number of citizens and friends from abroad being present The solemn and impressive services were conducted by the rector. Rev. Dr. Howard. Delegations of mourning friends from Elmira, Corning, and other places were present, and a long proces- sion followed his remains to their final resting-place, in Grove Cemetery." Of eight children, three only survive him, — Henry H. Cook, Esq., now of New York City, and Mrs. L. D. Hodg- man and Edwin C. Cook, both of Bath. He also left six sisters, — Mrs. Hiser, Mrs. Woodruff, Mrs. Chedell, and Miss Celente Cook, of Auburn ; Mrs. Orton, of Brooklyn ; and Mrs. Brown, of Bath. As before intimated, it will be readily seen that the suc- cess of Judge Cook was greatly owing to early-formed habits of persevering diligence and strict economy. Never idle himself, he had little sympathy with the drones in the great hive of human industry. We have met with no more apt disciple of the school that teaches " whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." And then, as was natural to such a man, he was socially, and practically at heart, one of the most democratic of men, sympathizing deeply with all sorts and conditions of men, so long as they respected their own manhood, and sought to act well their part in that state of life to which it had pleased God to call them. Naturally, too, his was a wise and discriminating liberality. The truly needy and deserving always found in him one who was ready to listen to their appeals, and to take their cases into consideration. And there was hardly any public improvement, or any religious, educational, or benevolent enterprise, to which he was not a generous contributor. Churches and ministers of all denominations could testify to this enlarged spirit of liberality. Judge Cook will also long be remembered, by those associated with him in various enterprises, as one who habitually sought to promote harmony and peace. In the vestry, of which he was a member some ten years, and especially in the new church enterprise, it was natural that he should have his own views and preferences upon some points, and feel, too, that he was entitled to press them. But he never did. If the majority differed from him, no one could yield his opinion more readily or gracefully. We may add that he will be remembered by those who knew him familiarly for the shrewd and pithy sayings which daily fell from his lips, as, for instance, his reply to the aspiring youth who " wanted to know how to get rich." " Hire out to some i'armer," said the judge, " at ten dollars a month, and save half of it." We shall have studied his life and character to little purpose if we tail to discover that taking care of money is quite as important an element in all prosperity as earning or making money. JOHN A. BOWLBY. John A. Bowlby was born in the town of Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1829. He is the son of James and Catherine Bowlby, both natives of New Jersey, where they were married. Mr. Bowlby, Sr., was bound out when a boy to learn the tanner and currier's trade, and served until he reached his majority. He settled in Tomp- kins County soon after his m.irriage, and, being naturally of an ingenious turn of mind, gave his attention to the carpenter and joiner trade, in which he became an expert. After several years he turned his attention to farming, and in 1838 came to Steuben County and settled in the town of Bath, where his son now resides, on one hundred and twenty acres of land. He was a man of much resolution and activity, and a peculiar characteristic of him was his fondness for hunting, — being a remarkably good marksman. He died September 14, 1862, at the age of eighty-four. His wife died Sept. 14, 1869, at the same age. John A. Bowlby is the youngest in a family of nine chil- dren, and received a fjiir education from books, which he has improved by reading and contact with business. He was married Sept. 30, 1854, to Lydia R., daughter of Peter and Lucinda Hunter, of Bath, but formerly of Orange County, settling here about 1823. Their children are Frank H., John H., Helen C, and Carrie L. Mr. Bowlby is known as a representative agriculturist in the town, and resides on the farm occupied by his father, to which he has made an addition of seventy acres, besides valuable tracts in other localities. A view of his residence and surroundings may be seen on another page of this work. Mr. Bowlby has been a Republican since the organiza- tion of the party, hijs served the towfi officially, and is now one of the assessors. *t:t^5vr^;. John A.BowLBY. [viRS. John A.BowLBY f^ESiDENCE or JOHN A.BOWLBY, Bath, Steuben Co NY B E A D F O R D. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. The town of Bradford is situated near the centre of the east border of the count}', and is bounded nortli by Wayne, east by the county-line, soutli by (.!:nnpbell, and west by Urbana and Bath. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The southern part of this town i.s made up of high hills, from which the waters run northeast into Mud Creek and southwest into Mcad'.s Creek, both streams being tributaries of the Conhocton. The soil of the valleys is rich alluvium, gravelly clay, and sand, productive of excellent crops of corn and wheat. The hills yield abundance of pasturage and grass, and of late years are being subjected to a more systematic cultivation. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In 171)3, Frederick Bartles and John Harvey, from New Jersey, located on the outlet of Mud Lake, at a place known in the early days as " Bartles' Hollow." Under the pa- tronage of Col. Williamson, he erected a flouring- and saw- mill in 1795. While the men were employed in erecting this mill, Benjamin P atterson, the hunter, was hired to supply them with wild meat, and was paid $2 a day and the skins of the animals. In three months he killed nearly 100 deer and several bears, and his companion, named Brocher, nearly as many more. Bartles was an intelligent, generous, and hospitable man. His mill-pond covered about a thousand acres, and was filled with fish of various kinds, affording rare sport during the fishing season. Parties of pleasure were entertained by Mr. Bartles in the best style and free of charge. He possessed an inexhaustible fund of pleasant anecdote, and his dialect, being a mixture of Dutch and English, was very amusing. Mud Creek at this time was a navigable stream, and it was thought that the commerce of Mud Lake would re- quire considerable of a town at this point, but the early expectations were not realized. In 1798, Mr. Bartles rafted 100,000 feet of boards from his mills to Baltimore. In ISOU he ran two arks from the same place, of which the following record was made by the county clerk : "Steuben County: — This fourth day of April, one thousand eight hundred, started from the mills of Frederick Bartles, on the outlet of Mud Lake, two arks of the following dimensions: one built by Col. Charles Williamson, of Bath, 72 feet long and 15 wide; the other built by Nathan Harvey, 71 feet long and 15 wide, were conducted down the Conhocton (after coming through Mud Creek without acci- dent) to Painted Post, for Baltimore. Those arks are the first built in this county, except one built on the Conhocton, at White's saw- mill, five miles below Bath, by a Mr. Patterson, Sweeny, and others, from Pennsylvania, 70 feet long and Ifi feet wide, which was finished and started about the 20th of March the same year. *' This minute is entered to show, at a future day, the first com- mencement of embarkation in this (as is hoped) useful invention. ' Bv IIknuv A. ToWNSENO, ** Clerk of Steubvn Cuiinty." IMud Creek has ceased to be navigable since the clearing of the forests, and the produce of this region seeks the Eastern markets by canals and railroads. Among the early settlers of Bradford were Henry Swit- zer, Samuel S. Camp, Abrani Rosenborg, Thomas Howies, Michael Scott, Daniel Bartholomew, and Capt. John N. Hight. Henry Axtelle, John Hemiup, John Sehriner, Ezekiel Sackett, and a Mr. Smith also settled here at an early day. The first birth was that of a daughter of John Harvey, in 1799, and the first death that of Mrs. Thomas Bowles, in August, 1803. Frederick and Charles Bartles opened the first store in 1800, and the first tavern or inn in 1806. Mr. Smith taught the first school, in 1810. Rev. E. Sanford was the first preacher in town, and Rev. Mr. Lazelle (Baptist) was the first settled minister, settling in town in 1816. The flouring-mill built by Frederick Bartles stood on the site of the present mill in the village of Bradford. Its dimensions were 30 by 40 feet. It was destroyed by the flood and another built on the same site, which was burned, and a third was built ; that also burned and was replaced by the present building. Frederick Bartles conveyed the property to Frank Whitney ; the latter conveyed it to Munson k Merriman, and it finally passed from their hands to the present owners, Jesse and Cyrus Mun.son. Thomas Rowles came from the State of Maryland in the year 1805, and settled in the town of Bradford, on the farm on the corner about one mile southeast of the village of Bradford. By hard work he soon erected a house and made an opening in the heavy timber, and finally saw his ftrm cleared up. His children were Thomas Howies, who died in the town of Bradford, David, Sally, Mercy, Amy, and Mary. Michael Scott came from Maryland in 1805, and settled the first farm southwest of that settled by Thomas Rowles, with his wife and two children, Thomas and Mary. He was one of the first blacksmiths in town. He experienced the life common to the pioneer in an unsettled country, sur- rounded by wild beasts and Indians. Bears were often seen, and on one occaision chased his hogs to his house. At one time Mr. Scott having gone from home, and his wife being then dead, his little children were left alone, and the [ndi:ins came and took possession of his house. They turned three horses into a lot near the barn, and scattered hay taken from the barn over the lot for their horses. During the 191 192 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. night Mr. Scott's cattle hooked one of the horses, and it died the next morning. When Mr. Scott returned, in com- pany with Thomas Corbitt, lie found liis home in possession of the redsliins, and was soon told of their loss. As the dusky savages gathered around a blazing fire on his hearth- stone, they earnestly said to him, " You pay all." Mr. Scott told them, " No, I am not to blame ; you are more to blame yourselves than I am. You came here and took pos- session of my hou.sc and barn when my little children were alone, and you will have to stand it yourselves ; you are more able to lose it than I am to jiay for it." The Indians laid the case before Sijuiro Bartlcs, who told them they claimed more than $50, and ho could not entertain the case, and referred tlicm to Samuel S. Ilaight, of Bath. They went to Mr. Ilaight, and while he was making out the papers Mr. Corbitt entered and gave the counselor the history of the case as he saw it, and legal proceedings were stopped. The Indians afterwards frequently visited Mr. Scott, and their relations were always friendly. His child- ren were Thomas, who now lives on the same farm; Samuel, who went to Michigan; Michael, who also went West; Mary, who married Levi Miller ; Jane, who married for her first husband Thomas Sanford, and again mavried Joseph Tichner ; and Nancy, who married Henry Younger. Daniel Bartholomew lefl Lancaster Co., Pa., for Seneca Co., N. Y. When he reached the place where he now resides, in the Mud Creek Valley, his family were taken sick with fever and ague, and he was, in consequence, compelled to stop. He there erected a rude cabin and commenced clearing. He always lived on the same farm, and reared a family, of which the fulKiwing were mem- bers: Nancy, Catherine, Jacob, and Daniel (who .served in the war of 1S12). Both sons died in the town of Brad- ford. Henry Axtell came from near Binghamton, about the year 1815, and first settled the farm on which James Decker now resides. He served in the war of the Revo- lution. His children were John, Nancy, Alfred, and Henry, the latter of whom became a successful fanner by persistent effort, and died, in the town of Bradford, possessed of about five hundred acres of land. His children were Samuel, John B., Sarah, Melissa Franklin, and James. Asa Tolbert was the first settler, and made tlie first clear- ing, on the first farm south of that settled by Thomas Rowles. A number of years after, while his family still lived on the same farm, he was drowned while running a raft down the Susquehanna River, near Tunkhannock, Pa. His children were Asa, Samuel, Joshua, Mary Ann, Betsey, and ^laria. In an early day George Snell located and first settled about 500 acres of land, about three miles south of the vil- lage of Bradford, on the brow of Oak Hill. He laid out and opened the road that now runs south from the first corner below the village as far as his settlement. His chil- dren were Anson, Sylvenus, Jacob, and Margaret. Stephen Edwards first settled the Piatt property, and built the first saw-mill on the mill-site about two miles we.st of the village of Bradford, lie felt the deprivations usual in a new country. Being unable at that time to get any tea, he used in his family, as a substitute, hemlock ; and the twigs, after being steeped, accumulated in a large pile near his door. His children were John Edwards, Charles, Dennis, Luman, and a daughter. John Zimmerman, an early and prominent pioneer, was born in Austria, and at the age of sixteen was taken from his bed at dead of night, ironed, and forced into the military service of the Au.strians, and afterwards was taken prisoner by the French ; and after service uiidor Napoleon Bonaparte, was again taken pri.soner by the English and sent tn Canada, in the service of the British government, al which place he was sent to look for a corporal who had deserted, when he and Jacob Swartz, following the example of the corporal, deserted, as the following copy of the original passjiort, found among his papers, will show : ••IJci'r.ii.ii. L'ntli .-Jfipt.. IS14. " This is to certify that the bearer hereof, John Zimmer- man, late private in His Majesty's service, is a deserter from the British army, and after passing Canandaugua may be at liberty to engage as a laborer or otherwise, but not to re- turn of his own accord within one hundred miles of this frontier. " H. Brady, Col. Comd'g." He often said that he was looking for the corporal yet. From Buffalo he made his way through sparse settle- ments and deep woods to the settlement of Jersey (^now Bradford), in the month of September, 181-i, and immedi- ately engaged with Frederick Bartles as a distiller, and after a service of seven months he received a recommendation from his employer " as an excellent distiller, industrious and faithful, and has behaved himself in a very becoming man- ner in every other respect," which indicates somewhat the qualities that afterwards gave him prominence in his pioneer home. He then went to Tiaiicaster, Pa., intending to re- turn to Austria, but there learning that affairs in his old home were still viiisettlcd, turned his attention again to dis- tilling, with a good degree of prosperity. On the 7th day of March, 1S19, he was married to Elizabeth Green. In 182-1, with his wife and two children, Jacob and Elizabeth, he returned again to play a part in the history of Jersey. He erected a distillery on the present site of G. H. Given's barn, and engaged with characteristic energy in business. He added brewing, lumbering, farming (on the farm now owned by G. H. Givens), and grain-buying to his business, and for a time was the most prominent business character in Jersey. Later his fortunes turned, as is often the case with men of too large benevolence. The following children were born in Bradford : John, Catharine, Martin, Sylvaims, and Napoleon; tlu; two last of whom now live in the town of Bradford. David Hight .settled the farm Jeremiah Longwell now lives on, about two miles west of the village of Bradford. David Woodard first settled the farm Franklin Barkly now lives on. His sons were George, John, and Gamaliel. John In.scho and Abel Eveland settled, in 1830, the farm, on the edge of Oak Hill, David Inscho now lives on, about one mile from Mud Creek. The children of the former were Jo.seph, Andrew, Abel, Frank, Mary, Lucy, and Sobrina. Abel Eveland held the office of justice of 1i John Kishpaugh. |vtRS John Kishpaugh JOHN KISHPAUGH. John Kishpaugh was born in Sussex Co., N. J., June 15, 18. He was the son of Joseph and Catharine Kishpaugh. s ancestors were of German descent. Joseph Kishpaugh 1 family came from New Jersey, and settled in the town of Ian, Yates Co., in the year 1832, John Kishpaugh being in fourteen years of age. From a boy he was taught the 3on of self-dependence. Beginning at the age of fifteen as a ver on the Erie Canal, and after that working summers on a m and attending school winters, he never since that time i known what it was to be dependent upon anybody. One the prominent features in the history of John Kishpaugh 8 his uniting with the Baptist Church at Lodi, N. Y., at the i of twenty-one years. In 1837 he enlisted in the Hector fle Company, of Hector, N. Y., and held the offices of 1st geant, lieutenant, and captain. From 1839 until 1843 he ed in Tompkins County. In December, 1843, he married irgarette Clawson, and on March 17, 1846, with his wife, he ne to Bradford, Steuben Co., and settled upon the farm upon lich he now resides, surrounded by the results of his ambition a toil. To Mr. and Mrs. Kishpaiif h were bom two children, 1. : Garry B., who married Agnes M. Ay era, and is a farmer of ites County, and Elanor Jane, who married Francis L. Drake, d lives in Schuyler County. Mr. Kishpaugh has always fol- ded the occupation of a farmer. Coming into Bradford in 1846, cleared land upon his own farm, and for a time lived in a log house upon the same farm, where since he has erected a fine farm-house and commodious buildings, which stand to-day as an exponent of what his industry and economy have accomplislied. His wife, Margarette, after bringing up her children so that they are useful members of society, and ever performing her duties as wife and mother, died Sept. 10, 1872. Politically Mr. Kishpaugh is a Democrat, and has always adhered to the principles of that party. He has held the offices of overseer of the poor and justice of the peace. Mr. Kish- paugh is essentially a self-made man, and by his own energy and labor has made himself one of the successfiil farmers of Brad- ford. On the 29th of January, 1 874, Mr. Kishpaugh married Christina Brymer, of Schuyler County, whose father was one of the pioneer farmers of Steuben County, having served in the war of 1812. Mr. Brymer was regarded as one of the repre- sentative farmers of the county. John Kishpaugh is now an acting justice of the peace, and deacon of the Baptist Church at South Bradford. His wife is also an active member of that denomination and society. Mr. Kishpaugh has never taken any steps backward in regard to the principles shown when he was twenty-one years old, but has endeavored to strengthen them by age. He is regarded by his townsmen as a good citizen and an honest man. Mr. and Mrs. John Kishpaugh live upon the old farm in Bradford, and after lives of toil they are in- dependent in a good degree and enjoying the fruits of their labor. TOWN OF BRADFORD. 193 the peace eight years, was town commissioner of schools, and served one term as member of Assembly. His chil- dren are Alonzo, Isaac, Joseph, Thomas, Catherine, and Mary. Eli IS Thomas settled the first farm on the hill north of the village of Bradford, on which Benjamin Whitehead now lives ; he held the office of commissioner of highways in 1815. Peter Rose was also an early settler on the same farm, and the first' physician in the town. His children were Jesse, Maria, E., and Ira ; the latter of whom, returning late at night from hunting, while hanging up his rifle, accidentally discharged it, and the ball passed through the floor and bed above, and lodged in the body of John Sanger, from the effects of which he soon died. Capt. Hight settled the first farm north of the farm last mentioned ; killed the first panther, on the Caleb Hedges farm ; killed the first bear. The first clearing on Oak Hill — in the south part of the town — was made by John Shriner, on the farm John Kish- paugh now lives on. His children were Cornelius and Low. The next clearing was on the farm now owned by E. W. Bennett, by Peter Low, to the extent of 6 acres, and sowed to wheat. Deer destroyed the crop. Rumsey Miller settled the farm where Asa Walling now lives. David Dennis, in an early day, settled and cleared the farm on which he died. He drew straw with an ox-team from Wayne Hotel, twelve miles, through the pines and hemlocks on Mud Creek, to take his stock through the first winter. He went to mill in the summer on .sleighs, with wooden shoes. He married Anna Biggers. His children were Robert, John, David, Joseph, — who live in the town of Bradford, — Sallie, Emily, Fannie, Ira, Hannah, Rachel, — who married Levi Fergus and lives in the town of Brad- ford, — and Maria, who married James Gillmore and also lives in this town. Evan F. Thomas came from Luzerne Co., Pa., and set- tled in Bradford in 1827. He followed the trade of a carpenter for thirty-two years, and built two arks for trans- porting grain in the early days of Bradford. Since 1859 he has been a farmer, and at the present time owns a farm of 202 acres. Capt. John Phelps came from Connecticut, and settled in Yates County in 1780. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. He settled in Bradford upon a farm of nearly 300 acres of land, known as the Peter Houk farm, in 1836. He was a successful farmer, and raised a large family. He died in 1856. James D. Morris came from New Jersey, and settled in Bradford, in 1820. He helped clear the land upon the farm now owned by his son, Frank Morris. At his death, which occurred in 1862, he owned 240 acres. Benjamin Whitehead came with his father, Charles Whitehead, who settled in Jersey, now Orange, in 1827. Benjamin Whitehead settled in Bradford, upon lot 9, where he now lives, in 1847. He is a successful farmer, and has raised a large family. His farm now comprises 288 acres. 25 Hosea Longwell was born in Sussex Co., N. J., Aug. 8, 1811, and is, therefore, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. He is the son of James Longwell and Sarah Carver. On his father's side, his ancestry came from Ireland. His mother was a descendant of the old Puritan family of Carvers, famous in the early history of New England. Hosea Longwell was the first son of a family of twelve children. His father came from New Jer.sey with his family, and settled in Steuben County in 1822. He reared his family to industry, and instilled in them while young moral lessons which they have always retained. From 1823 until his death, which occurred in 1871, he lived in Urbana, and was regarded as one of the representative successful farmers of the town. In 1833 he married Harriet Brun- dage, daughter of John Brundage, one of the pioneer men and representative families of the town of Urbana. In 1842, Mr. Longwell moved from Wheeler to Bradford with his family, and settled upon the lot where he now resides. At that time the country was comparatively new, and Mr. Longwell cleared a good share of the land which he now owns, and in place of the log house of half a century ago, has erected a substantial farm residencs and suitable build- ings, and is surrounded by the results of hLs ambition and toil. To Mr. and Mrs. Longwell were born eight children, viz., Eliza, who lives at home; Azariah, who in his early life studied and practiced law in Corning, and died in 1873 ; Frank, who lives in Bradford ; Phoebe, who lives at home ; Hosea, Jr., who married Mary Bale, and is a farmer of Urbana ; Rachel, who married Thomas Spink, and lives in Yates County ; Carver, who married Cassie Switzer, and is a farmer of Bradford ; Eugene, who is a young man of twenty-two, and lives at home. Daniel Taylor, in an early day, came with a sack, kettle, and axe on his shoulder, settled and cleared the farm Henry Conelly now lives on. He helped lay out and open the road that runs from Sonora to Mead's Creek, by the way of South Bradford. He made a clearing and put up a log house, and the next year moved in his family, consisting of a wife and nine children. His furniture was simple, — a board table, two rude bedsteads ; some of the family had to sleep on the floor. Some of the family went twelve miles to work to pay the first tax, $1.50. He hauled wheat to Penn Yan, about twenty-five miles, and sold it for three shillings and sixpence per bushel. They dressed in flax garments, winter and summer, and used thorns for pins. His children were Levi, James, Daniel, John, Mary, Phoebe, John, Anna, and Henry, the last of whom served his (own as overseer of the poor and assessor. John Stilts settled and cleared the farm now owned by Richard Leonard, and lived and died there. He was an industrious man and good citizen. He reared six children. Caleb Rock settled where Elijah Shaw lives. Philip Morse settled where Jeremiah Inscho lives, about 1830. Wolves troubled his sheep some, and Indians some- times came to his house for something to eat. Philip Morse kept the hotel at South Bradford about sixteen years. His children were Levi, Isaac, Stephen, William, Catherine, and Philip. The first frame house built on Oak Hill was on the farm John F. Havens now lives on. 194 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YOKK. The first frame barn was built on the Ephraim Bennett farm by Moses Ellas. Carpenter, JaiDes Carr.' Mr. Skinner was an early settler on the farm E. W. Ben- nett lives on. His first winter was a severe one. He and his family lived on wheat bran nearly all winter. He drew to market the next spring the hides of the stock he had lost through the winter. Increase Cooley cleared the southeast part of the Chubb farm ; Moses Wilcox, Truman Ward, and Jeremiah Dick- inson, the north part.. Joel Halleck cleared the first land in the village of South Bradford, ten acres, on the corners occupied by Stephen Dorman's store and the Baptist church. The village stands on about the highest land in the town. Increase Cooley and Milo Drake were among the first postmasters. Increase Cooley was the first merchant or storekeeper ; William Fragles, the first blacksmith ; Isaac Dennis, the first wagon-maker ; Dr. Woodruff, the first physician ; Moses Ellas, the first hotel-keeper ; Joseph Buckingham, the first shoemaker ; John F. Havens, the first justice of the peace. The present business interests are as follows : Grocery. — George Fragles. Wagon- Maher. — William Slocum. Dry- Goods and Groceries. — Stephen Dorman. Blacksmith. — David Dennis. Harness-Maker. — Daniel My res. Notary Fublic. — E. W. Bennett. Justices of the Peace.- — John Kishpaugh and William Mathews. The first settler in the village of Bradford was Frederick Bartles, who came with his family from New Jersey about 1793. He brought with him a number of horse-teams and wagons, and cut bis way up the creek from Savona to the present site of the village. Four of bis sons were Jacob, William, Frederick, and Charles. He brought a slave with him, Jim ; he now lies buried at the foot of his master's grave.* The first merchant was Frederick Bartles. Among the first blacksmiths was Samuel Thatcher. The first doctor was Peter Rose. Capt. Hight was the first surveyor. John Rosenhark was the first child born in the town. The wife of Thomas Rowles was the first person who died and the first buried in the cemetery above the village. The first wagon-maker was Azariah Genung. Bradford is pleasantly situated on Mud Creek, about nine miles from Savona. It has a population of about 200. The present business interests of the place are represented as follows : Merchants. — Munson Wright & Co. and WilRam Hedges & Son. Grocery. — E. S. Bennett. Innkeepers. — J. F. Ward and A. J. Emery. Postmaster. — William Hedges. Harness- Maker. — Frank Morris. Wagon-Maker. — Charles Switzer. Shoemakers. — H. D. Rosenkrans and L. Green. Flour, Saw-Mill and Lumber. — Munson Brothers. * Frederick Bartles Jied in 1SI9. Physicians. — F. M. Lockwood and W. A. Tallmadge. Justices of the Peace. — -E. S. Bennett and J. A. Stewart. Cooper. — David Paddock. Blacksmiths. — George Jaynes and L. Austin. ORGANIZATION. Bradford was formed from Jersey (now Orange, Schuyler Co.) April 20, 1836, and received its name from Gen. Brad- ford. A portion of it was annexed to Orange, April 17, 1854. The first town-meeting for Bradford was held at the house of John Zimmerman, on the fourth Tuesday in May, 1836. S. Suell was elected Supervisor; Charles McFane, Town Clerk ; Thomas Kowles, Collector ; James Wolverton and James Bradley, Justices of the Peace. Under the old organization as Jersey, James Boyd, A. Ful.som, and Samuel Adams were Supervisors in 1819, '20, and '24. Henry Switzer was Supervisor from 1825 to 1830 inclusive, and represented the district in the Legisla- ture. From 1830 to 1834, William H. Seybolt was Super- visor; and A. M. Libolt for 1834 and '35. From 1815 to 1822, John N. Hight served as Town Clerk ; Samuel Scbo- field, 1822; John N. Hight, 1823; Jesse Rose, 1824-31 ; Stephen Northup, 1831-36. The Collectors we have been able to obtain as far back as 1 824, as follows : Ephraim Rolfe, 1824 and '25 ; William H. Seybolt, 1826-31 ; Isaac D. Little, 1831 ; Abraham Allen, 1832; Thomas Rowles, 1833-30. The following were Justices of the Peace from 1815-36 : James Boyd, Frederick Bartles, Henry Switzer, Stephen Grifieth, Edward Stubbs, Stephen Haight, Samuel Schofield, Samuel Buckbee, S. Snell, Samuel Kimball, Nor- man Libolt, A. M. Libolt, William H. Seybolt. The following is the list of the principal ofiicers since the organization of the present town ; LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supen-isors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1836. S. Snell. Charles McLane. Thomas Rowles. 1S.37. (( ii it If if ti 1838. Wm. It. Seybolt. ii a David Dennis. 1839. a «( Ransom Coats. Thomas Kowles. 1S40 J. C. Cameron. " it 1841. Joseph S. Ft'uton. Aug. J. Monroe. AVm. Bovier. 1842. James Barkley. Ransom Coats. it ft 1843. a ft " Sayres Whitehead. 1844. Hosea Longwell. a it it a 1845. Wm. Bovier. li ti Micajah M. Lewis. 1846. (( ti ft if *( ti 1847. John Phelps. a ft Newman M. Bennett 1848. Wm. Bovier. it a John D. Seybolt. 1849. James Barkley. Piatt P. Clark. i< (( 1850. Charles Hubban. if it it ti 1851. Wm. Phelps. Chancy J. Uarring. David Rowles. 1852. it it Ransom Coats. Samuel A. Goble. 1853. John D. Seybolt. it u Lewis Bennett. 1S54. u t( ii a a 1855. John F. Havens. tt if J. J. Compton. 1856. " " Rufus S. Alderman 1857. Lewis Bennett. A. J. Switzer. it tt 1858. Jesse Munson. B. B. Switzer. A. T. Kress. 1859. tt u u Elijah Wortman. 1860. John D. Seybolt. U it Sayres Whitehead. 1861. it it t( ft a it 1862. Edgar Munson. tt tt James Beard. 1863. Jesse Munson. it tt C. W. Strait. 1864. if it tt tt Sayres Whitehead. 1865. it if tt tt Lewis Holly. 1866. ft ft W. A. Talmadge. a a TOWN OF BRADFORD. 195 Supervisors. Town Clerics. Collectors. 1SG7. Lewis Bennett. W. A. Talmadgo. Byron Ferris. 1S68. B. B. Switzor. ti a Van Kcnssel'r Dyke ISflO. Frank Aulls. Geo. D Woodard. Thoma.s Walling. 1870. « (( " D. A. Grander. 1871. Lewis Bennett. a Erastus Kopaleo. 1872. Theron Cole. P.A.I ryant. Ira Dennis. 1873. Alonzo Eveland. W. A. Talmad ge. " " 1874. " " tt it ■ Isaac Eveland. 1875. J. M. Gillmore. tt " " 1876. tt it " a Frank Dorman. 1877. Isaac Easterbrook. Jersey Green. Wm. Cook. 1878. Ephraim Bennett. G. P. Morris. Charles Walling. JUSTICES OP THE PEACE. 183li. James Wolverton. 1860. Evan P. Thomas. James Barkley. 1861. Charles Tompkins. .1837. Milton S. Wells. John F. Havens. 1838. Henry H. Tupper. 1862. James S. Tobias. 18.39. Wm. H. Seybolt. 1863. William Willover. James Buckbec. 1864. Hosea Longwcll. 1840. James Wolvcrlon. Epbraim Bennett. 1865. Charles Tompkins. John F. Haven.s. 1841. Orin Tompkins. 1866. Evan F. Thomas. Henry Switzer. 1867. Wm. H. Genung. 1842. Milo Sexton. James C. Goble. 1843. Wm. H. Seybolt. John F. Havens. 1844. James Wolverton. 1868. H. 11. Kelly. 1845. John F. Havens. Azariah Longwell. 1846. Milo .Sexton. 1869. Alonzo Eveland. 1847. Alva Clement. Martin Longear. 1848. -James Wolverton. 1870. Jacob S. Zimmerman. 1849. John E. Havens. 1871. C. M. Merriman. 1850. Abel Eveland. Wm. Matthews. 1851. Amos Crosby. 1872. Alonzo Eveland. 1852. Henry Conkrite. 1873. Robert Lantz. 1853. Geo. S. Patterson. 1874. John Swart. James C. Goble. 1875. Richard M. Blaine. 1854. Abel Eveland. Orin Buckingham. 1876. E. F. Thomas. Joseph Dennis. 1855. Orin Buckingham. E. F. Thomas. 1877. John Kishpaugh. Charles Switzer. 1856. Evan F. Thomas. E. S. Bennett. 1857. James C. Goble. Wm. Matthews. 1858. Hosea Longwell. 1878. Wm. Elyea. 1859. Milo Drake. Amos Sherwood. John Kishpaugh. E. S. Bennett. Wm. Matthews. SCHOOLS. The first school building in the village of Bradford was a log house, on the flat just back of the pre.seut site of J. P. Ward's hotel. Thirty-one scholars reported in 1814. First teacher in the frame building, Jesse Rose. Among the teachers at that early day were John Broderick and Elder Fuilerton. In 1815 (Charles Bartles and Joshua King, tru.stees), a log school-hou.se was built and ceiled inside to the rafters on the side hill back of the lot now occupied by John Stetlar. Still later, about 1838, a frame building was erected on a lot southwest of the present dwelling of Jesse Mun.sou (2d), — carpenter, Barzilla King. Since about 1854 that building has been torn down, and a new one, with more modern fixtures, burlt on the same site, — Henry Switzer, carpenter. About thirty years ago a little building, known as the " Little Academy," was built at the uiouth of the glen on the northwest side of the village, under the supervision of Jesse Munson and Hiram Merri- man, where, in an unpretentious way, much good in edu- cation was done fur the community. Among the teachers in that place were Rev. Wm. B. Atwell, Rev. Mr. Benton, George Ford, D. M. Merriman, Wm. H. Brown, and Alonzo Eveland. In 1869, the district school-house above spoken of was moved to the glen, and joined to the " Little Academy," at a cost of about $500 (Oscar Genung, carpenter), and the district was at that I'ime organized into a union free school. John A. Stewart, C. M. Merriman, Wm. Hedges, Wm. S. Knapp, and B. B. Switzer were chosen members of the board of education ; Alonzo Eveland, teacher. The present board is composed as follows ; Jacob Zimmerman, 0. B. Whitehead, Frank Longwell, Benjamin Hedges, and Jacob Carmen ; Robinson, teacher. School district No. 1 was organized about 184(5, and a frame building was erected on the present site the same year. A few years previous, a neighborhood school was held at different places, in vacant houses, and among the teachers at that time were Joseph Crane and Abel Eveland. At the time of the organization of the district, Thomas Scott, Henry Axtell, and John Inscho were elected trustees. The first teacher was Hannah Miller, and Ansel Hill the second teacher. At that time Jamas Barkley was town commissioner of schools. In an early day, in district No. 1, a log school-house stood on the corner opposite where Clark Carr now lives. In 1841, 55 children of school age were reported. Money received from the commissioners, $23.62, for school pur- poses. Library money, $5. The library was commenced in that year, 21 volumes. Willard Childs and John W. Silvernail were trustees. In 1846 the south part of the district was added to the South Bradford district, and the north part, with a portion taken from the Bradford village district, was organized into the present district No. 1. In an early day, in what is now known as district No. 5, school was taught in a log house near the present site of the Methodist church. The next school was taught in a log house on the corner opposite S. Dorman's store. After- wards a frame building was erected on the present site, and school has been held there to the present time. Some of the early teachers were Abbey Scudder, Eliza Robins, and Jacob Snell. Thos. Eveleth and John Diven were trustees in 1825. The trustees in 1830 were John B. Stilts and Moses Ellas. Ninety-four children reported that year. The present trustee is Jacob Fragles. Teacher, Peter Dennis. The father of Christopher Cramer first settled the Phelps property. James Boyd settled the Nicholas Myres farm and the Hosea Longwell farm. Jacob Switzer first settled the farm where B. B. Switzer died. The first marriage wa.s that of Frederick Bartles to his second wife, by Henry Switzer, justice of the peace; the first innkeeper, John N. Hight ; the first substantial frame house was built by John Zimmerman ; the first justice of the peace was Frederick Bartles, appointed; the first justice elected by the people was Henry Switzer ; John N. Hight was the first surveyor; Henry Switzer carried the first mail, and mails continued to be carried by him or under his supervision during a period of twenty-four years. 19G HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Frederick Bartles built the first distillery. The first lawyer who settled in the town was Heman Train, Esq. The first clover-seed was brought into the town from Geneva by Henry Switzer, who paid for the same $40 per bushel, and sowed it on the farm where Henry Switzer now lives. Thomas Sanford sold the first wheat at $1 per bushel at Dresden. In 1827 wheat .sold for fifty cents per bushel ; poultry three cents per pound ; maple-sugar three cents per pound. Rattlesnakes were abundant. The mowers in the meadow of Jesse Munson wound their legs with hay-bands to keep rattlesnakes from biting them. CHURCHES. BRADFORD BAPTIST CHURCH. What is now now known as the Bradford Baptist Church was constituted a separate church by a council of delegates Oct. 28, 1834. The council was called by the Tyrone and Jersey Church, and convened in their meeting-house in Jersey village. Brethren representing the following churches were pres- ent : Campbell — Rev. D. Smith, T. Corbit ; Hornby — Rev. T. Graves, Deacon Slauntin ; Plainsville (now Dundee) — Rev. E. W. Martin, 8. Hults, A. Sunderlin ; Catlin and Jersey— Deacon Lybolt, A. M. Vandeveter; Reading — Bros. S. N. Smith, S. S. Hurley, R. Drake: Tyrone- Elder Stone, I. W. Peck, A. Coon ; Barrington, Rev. J. Ketchum, S. Robertson, L. Forrester. Rev. D. Smith was chosen moderator, and Rev. D. R. Coryell clerk of the council. After listening to the read- ing of their articles of faith and church covenant, the council agreed to fellowship them as a church, to be known as the Jersey Baptist Church. Rev. E. W. Martin preached the sermon. Rev. J. Stone gave the right hand of fellowship in behalf of the council. Rev. D. B. Coryell addressed the church. Rev. J. Ketchum made the con- cluding prayer. The constituent members were 60 in number. We have no records previous to 1834, but by reference to the history of the Tyrone Church, and by old residents still living, we are informed that this church was originally the south part of the Tyrone and Jersey Church, and that in ] 825 Rev. V. R. Wall was sent here by the Domestic Mission Society, and commenced supplying this church and the Tyrone Church, which relation he sustained till September, 1839. In 1833-34 they .succeeded in erecting a house of worship, which was dedicated soon after its completion. In 1835 the church was admitted into the Steuben Baptist A.ssocia- tion. Rev. V. R. Wall, John Wixon, Comfort Beebe, were delegates. From the time that Rev. V. R. Wall closed his labors with them till 1841, they appear to be without any stated settled pastor, when Rev. D. Olney (a licentiate) commenced his labors with them, which relationship he sustained until the spring of 1842, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. D. Carr, which relationship he sustained until June, 1843, when Rev. Ellett Otis came, who served them one year. In the spring of 1844, having added to their membership 16 by baptism, they settled as pastor Rev. James L. Cofiin, which relation he sustained until October, 1849, leaving a reported membership of 74. In 1850, Bro. I. Estabrooks (a licentiate) became pastor of the church, he having been ordained by a council which was called by the church and convened in their meeting-house June 19, 1850 ; closed his labors in the spring of 1853, when Rev. 0. B. Call became the pastor of the church and served them in that relation for one year. In June, 1854, Rev. J. Ketchum became pastor of the church, and served them in that relation for three years, leaving a reported membership of 85, being an increase of 11 since 1849. In 1857, Bro. R. Hults (a licentiate) became the pastor of the church. In November of the same year their pas- tor, being assisted by Rev. Geo. Balconi, held a series of meetings, which resulted in an addition to their membership of 22 by baptism. Bro. Hults closed his labor with them in the spring of 1859, leaving a reported membership of 102. Bro. W. P. Omans (then a licentiate) was their next pastor ; continued two years ; being ordained while with them in 1862. In February, 1862, Rev. I. Easterbrooks again became the pastor of the church and supplied them nearly three years, during which time they repaired their house of wor- ship at a cost of $1870, which was re-dedicated June 1, 1864. Rev. Geo. Balcom preached the dedicatory sermon. During the associational year of 1865, Bro. M. H. Perry (a licentiate) became pastor of the church, which relation he sustained about one year. In March, 1867, Rev. R. T. Gates commenced a series of meetings, as the result of which 23 were added to their membership by baptism, which made their present number 100. In June, of the same year, Rev. A. B. Green became pastor of the church, which relation he sustained until April, 1873. In the summer of 1872, they having applied to the proper authority, had their name changed from Jersey to Bradford. During the summer of 1873 they were supplied by Rev. E. T. Mallory. In April, 1874, they again procured the labors of Rev. A. B. Green for one year. In June, 1875, Rev. E. T. Mallory became their pastor, which relation he sustained till succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. F. D. Worth, in 1878. In the fall of 1875 a series of meetings was held, in which their pastor was assisted by the Rev. C. W. Brooks, Rev. I. W. Emery, and Rev. E. F. Francis, which resulted in an addition to their membership of 33 by baptism, which increased their membership to 103. The Bradford Baptist Church is now in the forty-third year of its history. The known records show that there have been 149 baptized into the fellowship of the church ; 62 added by letter; 15 upon experience and former bap- tism ; 14 restored ; 70 dismissed by letter ; 40 excluded ; 15 died. The church has built but one meeting-house, which they now occupy. Ordained by council to preach the gospel ministry, 2 ; licensed one of their members to preach the TOWN OF BRADFORD. 197 gospel. Have chosen 7 of their number to the office of deacon, 2 of whom were ordained. Present number, 98. SOUTH BRADFORD BAPTIST CHURCH. Previous to 1850 the society held meetings in the school- house, and the following pastors at various times preached to the society: Rev. V. Wall, Rev. E. W. Martin, Rev. Mr. Coffin, Rev. J. B. Rogers. The first organization was effected July 29, 1848. P]. W. Martin was chosen moderator and Wm. Gillmoro clerk. Wm. Gillmore, Asa Walling, Ephraim Bennett, Increase Cooley, Gilbert Oakley, and David Dennis were elected trustees. The society bought the site of James Taylor, and erected a church building thereon in 1849 at a cost of about $1200. Oct. 20, 1849, E. Bennett, David Dennis, Wm. Mor.se, and Wm. Gillmore were appointed a committee to visit the church on Mud Creek to consult with its fiiembers on the subject of forming a church on Oak Flill. The church was dedicated Nov. 8, 1849. Wm. Morse, David Dennis, Isaac Dennis, and John Kishpaugh were the committee of arrangements. The following were mem- bers at the time of organization : Ephraim Bennett, Wm. Gillmore, David Dennis, Robert Babcock, Isaac Dennis, J. D. Carr, Gilbert Oakley, John Kishpaugh, Phoebe Tay- lor, Rachel Blaine, Hannah Emerson, Louisa Dykes, Polly Dennis, Betsey Andrews, Fanny Carr, Margaret Kishpaugh, Sylvia A. Sylvernail, Melinda Gillmore, Anna Dennis, Eunice Gillmore, Eliza Goble, Mary Morse. The first deacons were David Dennis, Wm. Gillmore, and Ephraim Bennett. In 1873 the church was repaired at a cost of $260 ; the trustees were L. W. Chubb, Isaac Dennis, James M. Gill- more, G. D. Pruden, John Kishpaugh, and James H. Stedge. Since the organization 219 members have been added to the church. Pastors since the organization : J. D. Carr, seven years and six months; Philo Griffis (licentiate), nine months; J. D. Carr (second term), two years and six months ; Wm. H. Prentis, one year ; J. Kctchum, one year ; S. G. Keim, one year; A. C. Agar (licentiate), two years; S. Gardner, five years; George Crocker, two years and a half; E. T. Mallory, six months, and is the present pastor. The present deacons are John Kishpaugh and O. D. Wixon ; trustees, Lewis Bennett, Jeremiah In.scho, Harri- son Stedge, Leander Chamberlain, 0. D. Wixon, and E. W. Bennett. FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP SOUTH BRADFORD. The first class on Oak Hill consisted of seven members, among whom was Mrs. John R. Stilts. It was organized by Mr. Kent in 1826. Meetings were held from time to time, mostly in the school-house, until 1847, when the church was organized on the 23d day of February of that year, with Aaron Fulkerson, Josiah Conkliu and wife, Isaac Dennis and wife, Ebenezer Rurasey and wife, Jacob Stilts and wife, John Tomer and wife, Mrs. John Stilts, and Joseph Dart as members. The first trustees were Lorenzo Orcutt, Isaac Dennis, John Tomer, Jesse S. Lay- ton. A church building was erected the same year at a cost of about $1000, and dedicated at the beginning of the next year. The building was repaired in the fall of 1868, at a cost of $935.84, and dedicated Jan. 7, 1869. Dedicatory ser- mon by Rev. B. J. Ives, of Auburn. Preacher in charge, S. Brown ; trustees, Asa Walling, W. D. Tomer, Richard Howard. The following has been the standing of the church at different times: 1851. — -Nathan Fellows, Presiding Elder; Nelson A. De Pew, Preacher in charge ; John Tomer, Class-Leader. Members, about 40. 1856. — Porter McKinstry, Presiding Elder ; J. C. Brad- bury, Pastor in charge ; J. Tomer, Leader. Members, 50. 1859. — Porter McKinstry, Presiding Elder; Josiah Ar- nold, Pastor in charge ; Asa Orcutt, Supernumerary ; T. Tomer, Leader. Members, 50. 1862. — F. Congdon, Presiding Elder ; J. Knapp, Pas- tor in charge; A. F. Countrymen, Assistant; J. Tomer, Leader. Members, 50. 1866. — John Gulick, Presiding Elder; James H. Ross, Pastor in charge ; John Tomer, Leader. Members, 50. 1874.— A. F. Mory, Presiding Elder; R. R. Rork, Pas- tor in charge ; J. Tomer, Leader. Members, 50. Rev. George Shearer is the present pastor. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF BRADFORD. Meetings were first held in the Baptist church and in the school-house. Rev. 0. D. Davis was the first resident minister. The society or church organized April 26, 1876. The following were the members at date of organization : Frank- lin Curtis and wife, Hiram Dykes and wife, Henry Dykes and wife, Chas. Dykes and wife, Peter Walling and wife, Hiram Craig and wife, Ursula Andrews, Christina Rapalee, Mary Gorham, Mrs. Wm. O.sgood. The first trustees were H. Craig, H. Dykes, G. H. Givens, N. Christler, and E. S. Bennett. The first class- leader was Franklin Curtis. The house of worship was built in 1877, at a cost of $2385, and dedicated Sept. 11, 1877, by E. T. Green, presiding elder. Dedicatory sermon by R. D. Monger. The lot was bought by the society of John Morris, 1877, for $360. July 17, 1876, six were baptized by Elder E. J. Cook. Thirty-six persons have since joined. The Sunday-school was organized Nov. 20, 1876. Present trustees : John Axtell, James Decker, H. Craig, Stephen Gannon, Harvey Givens, Henry Dykes, E. S. Bennett. Present minister, Rev. Geo. Shearer. The parsonage was purchased in 1877, of H. C. Van Duscr. In 1877 sixteen persons were baptized by Rev. Geo. Shearer. ST. Andrew's church, Bradford. Prior to the organization of this parish, services had been held in Bradford by Rev. William Bostwick and Rev. Erastus Spalding, rectors of St. James' Church, Hammonds- port. The separate existence of St. Andrew's Church dates from the arrival of Rev. William Atwill, who came from 198 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Connecticut, and commenced services on the 8th of October, 1850. On the 4th of June following, the place was visited by Bishop De Lancey, wlio confirmed one person in the Baptist house of worship and one in the Presbyterian church on the forenoon of the same day. On the 8th of June following, the parish was organized, under the name of St. Andrew's, in a room over the store of John Mitchel (now Munson & Wright), which had been previously fitted up for a place of worship. Of this meeting, which had been duly called by notice read on two preceding Sundays, the Rev. William Atwill was president and Edgar Munson secretary. The officers cliosen were Joseph W. Lord and p]dgar Munson, wardens; Jesse Munson, Sr., Hosea Longwell, Jonathan Wood, John H. Read, M.D., Ezelciel Birdseye, Henry H. Foote, M.D., Rufus Munson, and Andrew T. Wood, vestry. They were thereupon duly incorporated. Edgar Munson and Hosea Longwell were elected delegates (Aug. 13) to the next Diocesan Convention, which was held in Geneva, on the 21st and 22d of August, 1850, when they were received into canonical union with the dio- cese. Twelve communicants, 18 families, and 90 persons were reported this year. On the 1st of October, 1864, Rev. Mr. Atwill resigned the rectorship, and for eighteen months services were main- tained by lay reading. On April 1, 185G, the Rev. Milton B. Benton, who had been a teacher in the school, took charge of the parish, and in August reports 29 communicants and a congregation of 93 persons. His rectorship closed the last Sunday in June, 1858, and in March, 1859, it was decided to recall the Rev. Mr. Atwill, who took charge of the parish again in May of the same year. At Easter, 18(jG, he again resigned the parish, to take effect in April. The Rev. J. T. Cushing assumed the rec- torship of the parish 3Iay I, residing in Hammondsport, and officiating, as it would seem, once each Sunday, and on the principal festivals. During his rectorship the church edifice was completed, and afterwards consecrated t;>y Bishop Coxe. A new organ had also been purchased in 1867, at a cost of $175. In June, 1867, Rev. Mr. Bell became rector, and in that month the church was consecrated. In September, 1870, Mr. Bell closed his labors with the parish, and Rev. Mr. Atwill took charge for the third time, continuing till April, 1875, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Rev. William Chattcrson. Rev. Mr. Chatterson remained with the parish till Sept. 30, 1877, and for nearly nine months the church was without a rec- tor. Rev. A. J. Warner, the present rector, took charge of the parish June 23, 1878, since which time the services have been regularly maintained, Sundays and week-days. The erection of a parsonage is contemplated in the spring of 1879. The churcli numbers about 50 communicants. MASONIC. Jersey Lodge, No. 668, was organized on the 12th day of June, 1868. John A. Stewart, W. M. ; Cyrus M. Merriman, S. W. ; Jacob Zimmerman, J. W. The charter members were John A. Stewart, C. M. Mer- riman, J. S. Zimmerman, Hiram Merriman, F. Holly, Amos W. Sherwood, J. N. Switzer, R. Compton, Jr., John F. Ballard, James S. Tobias, B. B. Switzer, F. M. Lock- wood, Elijah Wartman, A. Longwell, J. P. Wood. Sev- enty-nine have joined since by initiation or uniting. Regular communications every other Friday night. The Order of the Eastern Star, under title of Harmony Chapter, No. 24, was organized June 7, 1871. The fol- lowing officers were appointed : John A. Stewart, W. P. ; Nancy T. Goble, W. M. ; C. E. Zimmerman, A. M. Sev- enty-nine have since united. Meetings every other Satur- day. MILITARY RErORD OF BRADFORD. Kinsman, Edward Benedict, private, 141st Inf., Co. B; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; in battles of Re.saca, Dallas, Kenasaw; discli. on account of dis- ability, June 27,1865. Elyea, John Hai-rison, artificer, 50th Eng., Co. M ; enl. Jan. 4, 1854, three years ; first enl. Ang. 11, 1861; in battle of Camden ; diach. ; re-enl. Jan. 4,1864; in battle of \YilderneS5; disch. Elyea, Jacob Lewis, private, oOth Eng., Co. M; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year; must, oirt at Wasliington, D. C. Can-, Cliarles Davis, private, 50tli Eng., Co. E ; enl. Dec. 20, 1861, three years ; re-enl. Dec. 20. 1863; in battles of Wilderness, Fredericksburg, North Anna, Petersburg ; was at the surrender of Lee ; disch. June, 1865. Cunningham, Seneca, private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Iloaglin, John A., private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Spencer, Henry A., private, 2d N. Y. Cav. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Angel, Theodore, private, 5Uth N. Y. Eng.; enl. Jan. 11, 1S64, three years. Brewster, Monroe R., private, 50th N. Y. Regt.; enl. Jan. 12, 1864, three years; re-enl, ; veteran. Iloaglin, William, private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav. ; enl. Jan. 4, 18(V1, three years ; re-enl. ; veteran. Brink, West Calvin W*., private, 50th Regt. ; enl. Jan. 13, 1864, three years. Barber, William, private,86th Regt.; enl. Dec. 20, 1864, three years; re-enl.; veteran. Amadou, Cliailes A., private, 86th Regt.; enl. Dec. 21, 1864, three yeare ; re- enl.; veteran. Rowley, Levi, 179th Regt.; enl. March 27, 1864, three yeatB. Starks, Clark, 179th Regt.; enl. March 20, 1804, three years. Lind^ley, Henry, private, 179th Regt.; enl. Marcil 25, 1864, three years. Bowen, Stephen, private, 10th N. Y. Cav. ; enl. March 2, 1864, three years. Chapman, Thomas C, private, 179tli Inf. ; enl. March 3, 1864, throe yeare. Rogers, George P., private, 179tli Regt. ; enl. March 28, 1864, three years. McDonald, James G., private, 179th Regt. ; enl, April 7, 1864, three years. Carr, Clark S., Ist lieut,, 86th Inf., Co. I; enl. Dec, ISS!, three years; re-enl. Dec, 1863 ; pro, to 1st lieut., Feb., 1864 ; iu battles of 2d Bull Run, Fred- ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Beverly Ford, Spottsylvania C, H., at which place was wounded in left arm, in consequence of which was honorably disch, Oct, 6, 18C4, Simmons, Wesley, private, 8Gth Inf, Co. I; enl. March 5, 1861, three yeare; re- enl. March 5, 1864 ; was in battles of 2d Bull Run, where he was tJtken prisoner, paroled inlmeiliately, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Beverly's Ford, where he lost a finger. Wilderness, Spottsylvania C. H., Deep Bot- tom, Bull Run, near Hatcher's Run ; was at surrender of Lee. Miller, Benjamin, private, 86th Inf,, Co. I; enl, Oct. 9, 1861, three years; rc- enl, Jan, 13, 1864; was in battles of 2d Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania C, H, ; honorably disch, June 27, 1865, Riindall, Charles, private, 86th Inf,, Co. I; enl. Oct, 9, 1861, three years; re- enl, March 5, 1864: was in battles of '2d Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Bull Run, at the left of Petersburg, Deep Bottom, near Hatcher's Run ; was at the surrender of Lee ; honorabl,v disch, June 27, 1865, Davis, John, private, 86th Inf,, Co, I; enl, March 5, 1.S61, three yeare; re-enl, March 5, 1864; was in battles of 2d Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancel- loreville, Mine Run, Beverly's Ford, Wilderness, where ho was killed; remains buried at same place, Simmons, Halsey, private, S6tli Regt, ; enl. March 5, 1864, three yeare; re-enl,; veteran, Johnson, Henry, private; enl. March 2, 18G4, three years, Salsbury, James A., private, 14th Inf, ; enl. Sept, 14, 1864, three years. Pulver, Jacob, private, 161st Inf. ; enl. Sept, 22, 1864, oneyear. Marks, James A,, private, 16th Inf.; enl. Aug. 24, 1861, three yeare; re-enl. Aug, 24, 1864, Willover, Harvey, private, 180th Inf., Co. H ; enl. Sept, 13, 1864, one year; in battles of Hatcher's Run, Bellville, Levis' Farm, Borden Plank-Road, Gravel Run, Five Forks, .\ppomattox C, H, ; disch, June 25, 1865, Stills, Thomas Henry, 7lh corporal, 189th Inf., Co. 11; enl. Sept, 17, 1864, one year ; in battles of Hatcher's Run, Boilden's Plank-Road, Five Forks, Clo- ver Hill, Appomattox C, H, ; died at Lincoln hospital. May 12, 1865, Oakley, James, private, 50th Eng,, Co, A ; enl. Sept, 1, 1864, one year ; was at the surrender of Gen, Lee. fvlRS.B.B.SWITZER. B B.SWITZER BATTICE BRANSON SWITZER. iice Branson Switzer was born in Bradford, Steuben Co., Oct. 20, 1817. He was the son of John and Sarah r, and grandson of Henry Switzer, of German extraction. Switzer came from New Jersey with his family, and in Steuben County about the year 1800. He was two I coming from Savona to what is now known as Bradford, cnown as Jersey. Henry Switzer reared a family of children, of whom John, the father of the subject of etch, was the eighth. John Switzer, the father of Bat- ransoD, shared the early struggles and hardships of the rs of Steuben County. He was a soldier in the war of being then twenty-six years of age. He died in 1860. such an ancestry, and among such scenes as were known early history, was the subject of this sketch born and . He was the fir.st son of John Switzer, and one of a of six children, of whom the following were the mem- dz. : Lawrence, Julia Ann. Battice Branson, Richard Jacob NefT, and Andrew Jackson. Battice Branson :r was married to Eliza Littell, Jan. 5, 1842. After his ge, and during the same year, upon the farm of one ed acres given him by his father, and upon which his son now resides, he commenced farming. During his whole : has followed the occupation of a farmer, and in his early opped and cleared land to a considerable extent. He was i regarded as one of the representative farmers of Bradford, irly advantages for education were limited, but he was re- 1 by his fellow-citizens as a successful business man of more rdinary ability. Was simple in his habits, energetic in his iss, and exact in his slightest promises. His determination :;ceed, combined with his integrity and industry, were prominent characteristics. In politics, Battice B. Switzer was a Democrat of the old school. He never neglected his business to gain political notoriety, but was held in high esteem by his townsmen, and held the oflGices of assessor, town clerk, and supervisor. To Mr. and Mrs. Battice B. Switzer were bom eight children, of whom all are now living, viz. : Eleanor, who married Franklin Morris, and lives in Bradford ; John C, who married Sarah Keeper, and is a farmer of Bradford ; Sarah S., who man'ied Henry S. Bronson, and lives in Horseheads ; Cassia C, who married Carver Longwell, and lives in Bradford ; Bat- tice B., who married Ada Lory, and is a farmer of Wayne; Frank W., who married Jennie Minter, and is a farmer of Bradford ; Lavina M., who married MiUer S. Aber, and lives in Schuyler County ; and Edwin Curtis Switzer, who is a lad of twelve, and lives at home. Such a famUy did Mr. and Mrs. B. B. Switzer rear, teaching them lessons of industry and economy, so that now they are useful and active members of the communities in which they live. Mr. Switzer made several large purchases of land during his life, and at his death, -which occurred upon the 18th of July, 1871, he left as a result of his labors and successes to his family three hundred and fifty-five acres of land in Bradford, N. Y. His widow, Eliza, still lives upon the old Switzer homestead at Bradford, which has been in the possession of the Switzer family since 1810. Mrs. Eliza Switzer shared in all the joys and successes of her husband during his life, and has never failed to perform her duties as a wife and mother. She has now the gratification of seeing her children well started in the world. The Switzer family stands prominently identified with the best interests of the towns in which they live. TOWN OF BRADFORD. 199 GenuDt', Henry, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year; died Aug. G, iHOt), without Vicing disch., of iiiflamuiation of lunge. Stepenfii'ld, John, private, U)7th Inf., Co. C; enl. July IS, 18C2, three years; was in the battle of Antietain. Stepeufield, Wm. 11., private, lOTtb Inf., Co. C; enl. Aug. 1, 1862, three years; wus in the battle of Antietara. Stepenfield, George, private, 107th Inf., Co. C; enl. July 18,1862, three years; was in battles of Antiotuui, Snake Creek Gap, Buzzards' Roost, Dallas, Atlanta, Savannah, llaleigh; was at the surrender of Johnson ; honor- ably disch. June, ISOri. Stepenfield, Charles, private, lUTth Inf., Co. C ; enl. July 18, 1862, three years; was in the battle of Antietani. Ames, Monroe W., private, 16lst Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 1,1862, three years; was in the battle of Sabine Pa^-s, where he was taken prisoner; was a prie- oiier eleven months ; was in the battle of Mobile ; now in the seiTico. Bartholomew, Joseph II., corporal, leist Inf, Co. D; enl. Aug. 1, 1862, three years; was scahUd slightly at Sabine Pass; was in the battles of Store Plains, Port Hudson, Donaldsunville ; was taken prisoner at Sabine Pass for eleven months ; was in battle at Mobile. Couipton, Lewis P., private, 107th Inf., Co. C; enl. Aug. 1, 1862, three years; was in the battle of Antietam. Randall, Charles, [)rivate, 86tli Inf.; enl. Oct., 18C2, three years; re-enl. March, ISCA. Randall, Benjamin, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. I; enl. Oct., 1861, three years. Randall, John, private, SGth Inf., Co. I; enl. Oct., 1861, three years; was in thy battles of 2d Bull Run and Fredericksburg; re-enl. in Ist Cav., D. C, May, ISfhJ ; since re-enl. was in the battles of SpottsylvauJa C. H., North Auna ; was at the surrender of Lee ; now in the service. Bartholomew, Je^se, 3d cori)ural, lU9th Inf., Co. G ; enl. July, 1862, three years ; . wounded in left leg at battle of Wilderness ; disch. June, 1865. Decker, Heniy, private, 86th Inf., Co. D ; enl. Oct., 1862, three years; died Aug., 1863. Miller, Benjamin, private, iiVih Inf. ; enl. Jan., 1861, tliree years ; re-enl. in Jan., 1864. McEnlyre, Gilbert, private, 16Ist Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug., 1862, three years; took part in the battle of Sabine Pass, was there taken prisoner; was a pris- oner eleven montlis; now in the service. Kishpaugh, Gara B., private, IGlst Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept., 1864, one year. Wheaton, Lyman B , private, 4th Art., Bat. A ; enl. March 1, 1865, three years. Dickerson, John, private ; enl. Sept., 1861, three years. Beakman, Isaac, private, IGlat Inf., Co. D ; enl. Sept., 1862, three years. Blain, Richard, private, 141st Inf., Co. A ; enl. Sept., 1863, three years; disih. June, 1865. Gipple, Lewis, private, 86th Inf, Co, I ; enl. Nov. 1, 1861, three years. Edwards, George W., private, oUlh Eng. ; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years; was in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Hatcher's Run; was at the surrender of Lee ; honorably disch. June 13, 1865. Walliug, Thomas, private, 189th Inf., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 14,1864, ouo year; disch. June, 1865 ; was at the surrender of Lee. Blain, Stephen, private, 2:id Inf; enl. April 2U, 1861, two years; was in battles of 2d Bull llun, South Mountain, Antietam, 1st Fredericksburg; disch. at expirajtion of term, Chubb, Ira, private, 161st Inf., Co. D ; enl. Sept., 1862, three years ; was in the battles of Stone Plains, Port Hudson, Donaldsonville, Sabine Pass, where he was taken prisoner for eleven months ; was sealded by the explosion of a boiler; was in battle at Mubile; now in the service. Dennis, Isaac, private, 161st Inf, Co. D; enl. Sept, 1, 1862, three yeai-s; received a wound in the shoulder from the accidental disch, of a pistol, in conse- quence of which was disch. June 1, 1863. Covert, Floriden, private, S6th Inf., Co. I ; enl. Sept., 1861, three years ; was in service about two years; disch. Morse, Mason, private, 101st Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept., 1862, three years; was trausf. in 1863 to Bat. E, 5th U. S. Art. ; yet in the service. Holcomb, Josiah B., private, 86th Inf., Co, I; enl. Oct., 186J, tiin-e years; was in the battle of the Wilderness, where he was wounded in the hand; disch. June, 1865. Carr, George II., private, 50th Eng., Co, E ; enl. Sept., 1861, three years ; in serv- ice about a year; honorably disch. ; was in battles of 2d Bull Run, Wilder- ness, Petersburg. Sawyer, Thomas, corporal, 161st Inf., Co. D; oul. Aug., 1862, three years. Longcor, William, orderly-sergt., 161st Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 22,1862, three years; now in service. Crans, Lewis, private, 141st Inf, Co. B ; enl. Sept., 1864, three years. Kniffin, George, private, 107th Inf., Co. H; enl. July 25, 1865, three years; disch. Sawyer, Croinza, private, 189th Inf , Co. H; enl. Sept. 17, 1864, one year; disch. May 30, 1865. Morse, Philip, private, 44th Inf, Co. C; enl, Aug. 13,1862, three years; trunuf. to 140th Regt.; trausf, to 5th Regt. ; hon. disch. Zimmerman, S. A,, private, 23d Inf ; enl. Sept., 1862, three years. Miller, F. Oscar, surgeon, 2d Cav. ; enl. Dec, 1863, three years; disch. Oct. 7, 1864. Seybolt, John, private, 141st Inf., Co. B; enl. Aug., 1862, three years. Bryant, Phileman A., private, 161.".t Inf., Cu. D; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; taken prisoner at Sabine Pass and held for eleven months ; now in the service. Bryant, David, private, 16l8t Inf. ; enl. for three years. La Cost, Theodore, private, 1st Cav. ; enl. Nov., 1863, three years. Gannon, George T., private, 161st Inf., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 1 , 1862, three years ; wounded at Antietam ; taken prisoner, and as such died, at Beaumont, Sept. 10, 1863. Compton, William A., private, 80th Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug., 1861, three years; wounded at Antietiim; died May 30, 1863. Compt«m, Antony, priviite, 161st Inf, Co. D; enl. Oct., 1862, three years ; killed on board the transport "Sachem" by a cannon-ball. Holcomb, Seymour L., private, 161st Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept., 1864, three years; died at Hart's Island, April 19, 1865, of disease. Woodward, Jackson A., Ist lieut. ,86th Inf., Co. I; enl. April, 1861, three years ; died at Georgetown, D. C, of wounds received at Chancellorsville. Covert, John E., piivate, oOth Eng., Co. E; enl. Aug. 17, 1861, three years; disch. Jan. 20, 1804; re-enl. Jan. 20, 1864; died of disease, Aug. 1, 1864. Dykes, Isaac C, corporal, 161st Inf., Co. D ; enl, August 19, 1862, three years; died at Bradford of fever, Nov. 10, 1862. Whealon, Daniel S., private, 50th Eng, Co. G; enl. Dec. 25, 1863, tliree years; died March 11, 1864, of fever, at Washington, D. C. Miller, Leonard, private, 161st Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept., 1862, tliree years; died Dec, 23, 1863, of fever, at Baton Rouge. Norris, John, private, 161st Inf., Co D; enl. Sept., 1862, three years; died Sept. or June, 1863, at Baton Ronge, of fever. Decker, Henry, private, 161st Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept., 1862, three yeai-s; died Oct., 1863, at Baton Rouge, of fever, Booram,Orville, private, 16Ut Inf, Co. D; enl. Aug., 1862, three year's; died at Sabine Pass, from the effects of the explosion of the boiler of steam ti-ansport "Sachem," Sept. 10, 1863. Crane, Carlton, private, ISOth Regt. ; must. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Loyde, Frank J., private, 179th Regt ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year. Casey, Martin, private, 179th Regt.; enl. Sept. 12, 1864, one year; re-enl. as veteran. O'Brien, John, private, 179th Regt. ; enl. Sept 12, 1864, one year. Horning, Jacob, private, I7yth Regt.; must. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. IloUett, Arthur P., private, 189th Inf. ; must. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Mudget, 0. Jay, private, 16th Vet. Res. Corps; must. Aug. 25, 1864, three years, Middletou, John, private, 16th Regt. ; must. Aug. 24, 1864, three years. Casper, Frederick, private, 16th Vet. Res. ; must. Aug. 24, 1864, three years. Carpenter, Henry D., piivate, 16th Vet. Res. ; must. Aug. 24, 1861, three years; re-enl. veteran, Aug. 24, 1864. Rockwell, Melvel, private ; eid. Sept. 9, 1864, one year. Crawford, Frank, private; must. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Rjitbbone, George, private, 50th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Orcutt, Wallace, private, lS9th Regt.; must. Sept. 15, 1864, one year. Morrisey, John, private ; must. Sept. 12, 1864, one year. Bryant, George David, private, 161st Inf., Co. D ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years ; wounded in leg at Doualdsonyille ; wounded in arm at Mansfield, arm since amputated. Dodge, Gara, private, 161st Inf, Co. D; eul. Aug. 22, 1862, three years ; scalded by the explosion of the boiler of the steam transport " Sachem ;" died at Beaumont. Peacock, John, private, 161st Inf, Co. B; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years. Gennug, Azariah, privaie, 161st Inf. Co. D; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; taken prisoner at Donahison ; died at Vickaburg, Oct. 16, 1864. Sawyer, Thomas, corporal, 161st Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; prisoner eleven months; lost two fingers at battle of Sabine ; hon. disch. Sept. 4, 1865. StoU, Philetus, private, 141st Inf, Co. B ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862, three years ; died at Nashville, Tenn. Talraage, Warren, asst. surgeon, 2oth Inf. ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years: re- signed on account of disease. CoUon, Charles, private, 189th Inf, Co. A; enl. Aug., 1861, three years; hon. disch. Inscho, Abel, private, 86th Inf, Co. I; enl. Oct. 9, 1861, three years ; wounded in the hand at Chancellorsville ; trausf to the Invalid Corp^, Oct., 1863 ; diach. Oct. 10, 1864. Paine, John, private, 107th Inf, Co. C; onl. Aug., 1862, three years; disch. Fuller, Charles, private, 14th luf, Co. C; enl. July 26, 1861, three years; wounded in Seven Days' fight before Richmond ; disch. Bartholomew, Joseph H., corporal, I61st Inf ,Co. D; enl. Aug., 1862, three years. Sanford, Frank, private, 189th Regt.; enl. Aug. 13, 1864, one year. La Co=t, Theodore; drafted July 14, 1862, three years. Givens, George; drafted July H, la63. CoUingwood, Robert C. ; must, Sept. 8, 1863, three years ; sub. for John Slorris, drafted July 14, 1863, Wharton, Alfred; must. Sept. 10, 1863, three years; sub. for George Givens, drafted July 14, 1863. Cassidy, Thomas; three years; sub. for Nathaniel Mathews, Jan. 17, 1865, Corneal, James, private, lU7th Inf, Co. C; enl. Aug. 1, 1862, three years. Kishpaugh, Garry B.; enl. Sept. 25,1864, 16lBtN, Y, Vols.; discharged Oct. 1865. NAVAL SERVICE RECORD. La Cost, Theodore A. ; enl. Jan. 8, 1865, three years ; U. S. S. Wasp. Merriman, Clarence Edgarton. 200 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUiNTY, NEW YORK. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. -JESSE MUNSON. Jesse Munson was born in Manchester, Bennington Co., Vt., Aug. 21, 1792. As the name indicates, his remote ancestors were of Scandinavian extraction ; but, coming down through England, and the early days of the Con- necticut colony, the descent conveys those marked New England traits of character, resolution, force of will, ear- nestness and directness of purpose, coupled with readiness and willingness to labor and learn, and a quick, active sym- pathy with all things tending to advance and improve man- kind. Jared Munson, his paternal grandfather, was born in Suffield, Conn., from whence he emigrated to Granville, Mass. ; thence to Manchester, Vt., where he died. His brothers, Ephraim, Thaddeus, and Jesse, accompanied him. His sister Anna married a Mr. Wells. Betsey and Mercy never married. His wife's maiden name was Honora Hale. Rufus Munson, father of Jesse Munson, was born in Manchester, Vt., where he followed agriculture, owning one of the best farms in that section. He married Betliiah Burton. To them were born four children, — Cyrus, Jesse, Benjamin, and Polly; all born in Manchester. He died in 1797, leaving the subject of our sketch a child of five years. After his father's death, Mr. Munson resided among relatives at St. Alban's, Vt, until his removal to Greenfield, Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1802, when he went to reside with his uncle, Curtis Burton. To show the resolute will and faith in his abilities that actuated the young man, and which was shown in all his maturer years, we would particularly note the fact, that, at the age of nineteen, he purchased the entire business interests of his uncle, consisting of a tannery, a boot- and shoe-manufactory, farm, etc. In this connec- tion, we would mention that the only opportunities of edu- cation available to the young man were the primitive ones of that day, when the student graduated oftener with knowl- edge of axe, rifle, and scythe than with that of books. His education and his capital were his resistless energy and manly integrity. When scarcely twenty-one he married, in May, 1813, Sophia, daughter of Jonathan Tallmadge. She was born in Canaan, Conn., Oct. 13, 1791. This union was blessed with five children, — Rufus (deceased), Cyrus (deceased), Adeliza (Mrs. Hiram Merriman), Edgar, Augusta (Mrs. Geo. R. Curtis). For twenty-seven years he conducted to a financial suc- cess, with and without partners, his extended business, in connection with lumbering interests in Essex County. In 1837, in connection with Mr. Hiram Merriman, he pur- chased the grist-mill, .saw-mill, land, and lumbering interests of F. and W. Whitney, in Bradford, Steuben Co., N. Y. In 1838 he took up his residence in this wild locality, where Mr. and Mrs. Merriman had settled in March of the previous year. No man for the succeeding forty years was more promi- nently identified with the growth and development of the town of Bradford than he. Building at once a larjrer srrist- mill, he al.so commenced lumbering and farming, and, with the whole power of his energy, threw himself into the work of improvement. Under his management, acre after acre was cleared of its primeval forest, and from that day to the present the name of Munson has been attached to the heaviest business house of the town. For many years the firms of " J. Munson & Co.," " Merriman and Munson," and " Merriman, Munson & Co." transacted the bulk of the business of that section. The same force was given to every scheme of improvement as to business. In education this was especially .shown. The Bradford Academy was established by himself and Mr. Merriman, and a school of high grade furnished the .settlement. He contributed largely to the erection and support of the Episcopal church in Bradford, while other churches re- ceived his bounteous aid. Mr. Munson never aspired to oflice, but in times when he was necessary to success in important matters, he was placed in such position, and never betrayed a trust. He served his town several terms as supervisor, and during the Rebellion assisted in raising the war quota of Bradford, giving from his own funds from ten to twenty-five dollars to each man. By his activity the quota of Bradford wa.s the first filled in the county. Mr. Munson is of a quick, impulsive temperament, posi- tive in his likes and dislikes, strong in his friendships and attachments. Benevolent to a fault, no cry of need went without relief. He is the unrelenting foe of intemperance, and an instance in his early life will show the ardor of his convictions. He had said he would have no liquor but hot coffee in his harvest-field. This was then almost unheard of, but the work was commenced. One day, while visiting a field, he found a decanter of liquor. With indignation he seized it, and, without waiting for explanations, dashed it to atoms. In early life Mr Munson was a Presbyterian, latterly an Episcopalian. Politically, Mr. Munson has ever been a Democrat. In all circumstances he has clung to the constitiition as the bulwark of our liberty, jealously resisted all intrusion upon its teachings, and has been one of the leading counselors of the party in the county. Soon after the death of his wife. May 10, 1871, Mr. Munson gave up business, which had brought him more than a competency, and for several years has resided with his children, in Willianisport, Pa. He has lived to see his wilderness home " blossom like a rose," his memory cher- ished and honored, his children occupying high social and bu.siness positions, and can look back on an unusually long career of activity without a wish to blot or erase any acts written in the book of memory. His son Rufus, who married Lavinia Early, Feb. 13, 1839, died Jan. 6, 1866 ; Cyrus, an Episcopal clergymen, died in Connecticut, Aug. 1, 1848; Edgar married, June 15, 1852, Lucy Maria Curtis, of Meriden, Conn, and is now one of the leading business men of William.sport, Pa. Mr. Hiram Merriman, who married Adeliza, Sept. 22, 1836, is another of Williamsport's solid citizens. Both of the latter have been prominently connected with Steuben County in past years both by residence and business. Augusta was married, May 22, 1855, to George R. Curtis, of Meriden, Conn. >^ ^/1y> r/>^ I TOWN OF CAMERON. 201 WILLIAM HEDGES. William Hedges wa.s born in BarriimtDn, Yates Co., Aug. 6, 1 827. He i.s the .son of Caleb >S. Hedges and Nancy McDowell, and is of English descent. Caleb S. Hedges came from Yates County to Steuben County with his family, WILLIAM HEDGES. and settled in Cameron in 1830. In 1838 he moved to what then was Bradford, Steuben Co., now Orange, Schuy- ler Co., and settled upon the farm where he now resides. The subject of this sketch lived at home until he was eigh- teen years of age and worked upon his fatlier's farm, im- proving his advantages as best he could for obtaining a limited education. At the age of eighteen years, having a desire to mingle with the world, and commence life's battle for himself, he purchased his time of his father for twenty-jSve dollars, with the understanding that he was going to learn tlie trade of boot- and shoe-making, and went to Penn Yan, Yates Co. Mr. Hedges served his apprenticeship in Penn Yan, Bradford, and Dundee. At the age of twenty-one years he was in the possession of his trade, which had been secured by determined perseverance. In 1849 he formed a part- nership with H. D. Roseukrans, in the boot and shoe busi- ness, in Bradford, N. Y., which partnership was continued until 18.53. In 1854 lie again formed a partnership, in the manufacture of boots and shoes, with E. S. Bennett. This partnership was dissolved in 1855, by Mr. Hedges buying the interest of his partner. He then continued in the manufacture of boots and shoes until 1862, when he began to enlarge his bu.siness by adding groceries. In 1869, Mr. Hedges formed a partnership with Jonathan Robie, of Bath, in the general mercantile bu.sine.ss, and since that time has been a merchant in Bradford. The mercantile firm is now Wm. Hedges & Son. In politics he is a Republican. He has never allowed politics to interfere with his business, but has always been identified with the best interests of his party. He was appointed postmaster of Bradford in 1872, which office he still holds. Few merit the term of a self- made man more than does Mr. Wm. Hedges. Beginning life by learning a trade, entirely thrown upon his own re- sources, he has by perseverance, industry, and economy worked himself up step by step until now he is regarded as one of the solid business men of Bradford. In 1850 he married Ruth Goble, of Bradford. They have had children as follows: Carrie A., who died in in- fancy ; Frank W., who is a partner with his father in busi- ness ; Mary E. and Lizzie L., who are young ladies and live at home. Besides his mercantile business Mr. Hedges has also a farm of one hundred and fifteen acres in Brad- ford, which receives .something of his attention. C A M E R O IsT. GENERAL DE.SCRIPTION. This town was named from Dugald Cameron, one of the first settlers of Bath, and afterwards an agent of the Pulte- ney estate. It was formed from Addison, April 16, 1822. Thurston was taken oif in 1844, and part of Rathbone in 1856. It is bounded north by Bath, east by Thurston, south by Rathbone and Jasper, and west by Canisteo. The Canisteo River passes through the southwest part of the town. The northern part comprises the highlands between the Canisteo and Conhocton, from which creeks run south to the river. A portion of the country is some- what rough, broken into hills and ravines, but it is fairly productive, yielding good crops of grain, grass, and dairy products. 26 SETTLEMENT. The first settlement in the town of Cameron was made in the year 1800 by Richard Hadley, also known as "The Second James," and Phones Green. Richard Hadley first lived on the Baker place, at tlie foot of the hill, near the present railroad-crossing, and it is said he was driven from that locality by a land-slide, which opened the gap in the hills at that point where before had been a high wall of unbroken rock, large masses of earth and rock falling into the valley, crushing down trees and closely threatening his cabin. Many high points of soft rock resembling chim- neys originally covered the slopes of these hills, and have been gradually disappearing until but few are left. The process of their formation is again going on, portions of the 202 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. disintegrating rock being held by the roots of a new growth of pine, while around the surface caving gradually away leaves a succession of pyramids of stone, each crowned with a single tree. Wild animals were plenty, and found a safe refuge among these almost inaccessible rocks. At a height of from eighty to one hundred and twenty feet above the level of the river a wall of scraggy rock projects in a straight line from the steep hill-side on each side of the valley. The tops of the hills rising three or four hundred feet above this wall, covered with a thin second growth of pine, form an almost level line where they shut off the lower valley, less than half a mile wide in its general course through the town. In passing through the valley the view is constantly obstructed by steep headlands and walls of rock, which give additional interest to the scenery. Phones Green lived below Baker's Mill, where the old reformation meetings were held. He was a grandfather of Capt. Luther White, ihe oldest resident of the town of Cameron now living. Baker's Mill, a mile below the vil- lage of Cameron, on the right bank of the river, was the site of the first saw- and grist-mill in the town. Mr. Had- ley built the saw-mill, and Capt. Samuel Baker, who came to the town in 1816, built the first grist-mill, in company with a Mr. Warden, the same year. Mr. Baker was ac- companied by his grandson, James B. Wheeler, then a boy of seven years, who succeeded to the mill, several times rebuilt, and now occupied by his sons, Grattan H. and John I). Wheeler. Urbane Baker, a son of the original owner, is still living upon the hill near by. A carding- maehine was also erected there by Amos Caldwell, and operated by John Place several years. John Dean came from Massachusetts, and located near the mill soon after Mr. Baker. He is still living in the valley, at the ad- vanced age of ninety years. His wife is eighty-four years of age. Isaac Santee, father of John Santee, of Hornellsville, and William and Jesse Santee, of Cameron, settled in the valley, a mile from the Canisteo line, in 1820. John Hallett, who kept tavern near the bridge, half a mile west of Cameron, Isaac Santee, Joseph Butler, and Michael Loughry, were the only residents in the town, west of Cameron Corners, when Capt. Luther White settled where he now lives, near the Santee place, in 1824. Amasa Downs kept a tavern at that time on his farm, and James Brownell, who was a professional constable, nearly always managing to get elected to that ofiice, also lived there. John F. French had a custom tannery on the creek, near the Methodist par.sonage. John French was married to Almira, daughter of Matthew Dickey, in 1820, this being the first marriage in Cameron of which we find a record. Captain White, who is still living where he first settled with his grandson John White, was for many years a prominent citizen and leading lumberman of the Canisteo Valley. Elisha Leach, one of the first settlers in Cameron, south of the river, located on South Hill in 1825, and in 1835 was joined by his father-in-law, Hirah Chase, a native of Rhode Island, who was the father of Elias D. Chase. Judah, Hirah, and John B. Chase, a Baptist preacher, came from Yates County, in 1832, and settled near Elisha Leach, two miles south of the village of Cameron. Elias Chase, of Cameron, is a son of Hirah ; Charles, Eli, and Levi Chase, farmers of Cameron, are sons of Judah Chase. Reuben Drake, father of George W. Drake, of Cameron village, was an early settler on that part of the South Hill called "The Swale." Another son, Peter II. Drake, occu- pies the old homestead. Chauncey P. Hubbard, who entered the south part of Cameron in the extensive forests on the south branch of the Tuscarora Creek, in 1832, built a .saw-mill, and became soon well known for his enterpri.se and public spirit. It was mainly through his efforts that the Presbyterian Church of Cameron was oiganized, on the Canisteo River. The old water-mill, in the south part of the town, near his residence, is still running. His eldest son. Rev. Albert W. Hubbard, is a missionary in Turkey, under the American Board of Foreign Missions. One of the earliest marriages in the town of Cameron was that of John French. Among the first settlers in the north part of the town was Elias IMason, Esq., who came from Madison County, and in 1815 located on the farm now occupied by his son, C. W. Mason, as a dairy-farm and cheese-factory. At that date there was no inhabitant between Cameron Corners and the church ground, a mile and a half east. Elias Mason was postmaster of North Cameron for thirty years, the post-office being at his house until the cheese-factory was established, in 1870, when it was moved to the " Gulf James and Henry Knickerbocker came from Chenango County, and settled on the ridge in northeastern Cameron, in 1826, and cleared ten acres of land, from which they obtained 305 bushels of wheat the next year, worth, at that time, fifty cents a bushel. Afterwards, Henry Knicker- bocker kept one of the numerous " Gulf" taverns for sev- eral years. Andrew Bates, also from Chenango County, joined them soon after their arrival, and John Shaw settled a mile north, towards the Big Gulf, where Leonard Porter kept a tavern, on the road from Cameron Corners (Cameron • village) to Bath. Timothy Carpenter, father of Uriah, and Alva Carpenter, came from Yates County, and settled where Uriah Carpenter now lives, in the north part of the town, near the Thurston line, in 1825. Joseph Plaisted, from Rhode Island, settled a mile south, and N. Rou.se farther west. Mr. Rouse is well remembered by the old settlers as the popular " fiddler " of his day. The Shingle school-house was built, near the Plaistead place, in 1828. Samuel V. Pugsley came from Dutchess County, and settled in the north of Cameron, south of Stocking Creek, in 1841. John Barber was an early settler west on the ridge. " The Gulf" is a deep, dark ravine forming the bed of Stocking Creek ; commences some distance above the cheese- factory, and continues three miles below, including in its curve Bonny Hill, a circular hill three miles across, in the northern parts of Cameron and Thurston, and is filled with the original growth of hemlock. This deep, narrow gulf is crossed by roads only at two points — Yost's Mill, in Thurston, and at the North Cameron })ost-office on the old county road, where access to the bottom of the ravine is had. at the junction of a small branch from the south. The TOWN OF CAMERON. 203 settlement consists of an old saw-mill and ten houses, four of which were built for the entertainment of travelers. It was here that H. Knickerbocker, J. D. Yost, Porter and others kept their taverns, and accommodated parties from Bath as well as travelers across the country. Harley Sears, a native of Seneca County, settled north of Timothy Car- penter in 1832, James Rowe, who came with him, joining him on the south. Eli Northrup, from Yates County, set- tled in the east part of the town in 1830. His son, Asahel Northrup, lives near by, and is a prosperous farmer. This is a separate family, and not connected with the Northrup in the south of the town. Hiram Averill was an early settler in the north part of Cameron, on the high land which is known as Averill Hill, and has been from 1826 a leading man of the town, and for many years a magistrate. His son, William W. Averill, a graduate of West Point, early distinguished himself as a soldier while fighting the Kalamath Indians in the North- west, where he was wounded. At the outbreak of the war of 1861-G5 he entered into active service, and distinguished himself as a brilliant cavalry ofiicer, obtaining a brigadier- general's commission before the close of the war. Samuel Watrous and Barnabas Robinson were early settlers in North Cameron. In 1831, John French settled on Averill Hill, his brother, David, father of Byron French, coming soon after. Timothy Hastings, David Thayer, and Isaac Hedges were early set- tlers. From Averill Hill to the south and southwest may be obtained a fine view of the steep, broken hills bordering the Canisteo River, from two to four miles distant, forminsr a magnificent circle around a lower pine-clad hill in front, while near by, on either side, cultivated farms slope toward a common centre. To the right, near the west line of the town, the distant hill is broken off' abruptly by a bend in the river, leaving a prominent headland. Far to the south are blue lines of hills in Pennsylvania. Down in the river- valley in front, on a sloping hill-side sixty feet above the river, is West Cameron, a hamlet of a dozen houses, a church, and a school-house. Here was the first home of Isaac Santee, David Ames, who came in 1825, and Luther White. The business has been transferred to Cameron, and the two stores changed, one to a church, and the other, more recently occupied, is used as a dwelling. The post- ofiiee of West Cameron was closed in 1874. As late as 1804, Indians were scattered along the valley, their temporary camps occupying the sunny knolls along the north bank of the river. On these knolls they raised their little store of corn, which was carefully gathered for winter's use, braided together by the husks, and buried in hills raised above the surface of the ground. For some years they were more numerous than the white settlers, ex- pressing their astonishment at the appearance of the first arks with childlike simplicity, as they followed them along the banks. Ainus White, the trapper and hunter, was a great favorite with them, teaching and learning from them the arts of woodcraft. Milling trips were excursions of pleasure down the river, in which several joined, taknig their bags of grain and their rifles in a canoe, and watching through the night for deer which came into the river to feed. Fish were so plenty in the river that it was not uncommon for a man to spear all he could carry, in a couple of hours. Lumbering was commenced along the river by the early settlers selling the most accessible trees along its banks, and the manufacture of long shingles, two feet in length, which were put up in round, barrel-shaped bundles, and sent down the river in arks. In 1828-29, there began a general swarming of lumbermen at all the most accessible points, and mills were erected at every available point along the river. The boards were made into rafts and run down the river to Baltimore and Port Deposit, Md., for market. A boy did not consider himself to be a man, in those days, until he had been " down the river." Sometimes belated rafts, lodged along the river by the falling current, would be carried away by late floods, entail- ing a loss of thousands of dollars. Making " grubs," which were pins of white oak, four feet in length, with heads formed from the root, was an occupation for winter resi- dents on the hills. The rafts, composed of separate " plat- forms" of boards, laid each way to a depth of two feet, were fastened with grubs, which passing up through, were wedged in their places, and were joined by strong pieces built in from one platform to another. The rafts were wielded by strong oars fastened at either end of the raft, and propelled by the rapid current over falls and rapids, the ends being elevated by strong timbers to prevent them from dipping into the rough waters. Ten platforms, making a raft 160 feet in length and 16 feet wide, were provided with a temporary cabin, some extra oar blades ; strong ropes to tie up with when landed, replaced the hickory withes of the first raftsmen, who had no ropes. A sheet-iron stove or platform of earth for a fire, bunks for the three men, cooking utensils, an axe, an auger, and a saw, completed the outfit, and when once on the way, the country along the route furnished their provisions. Sometimes, in going over a fall, the front platform would plunge under the water and bring up fish, for which the men would scramble as soon as they could get free from the oars. On the first trip down, the novice was made the butt of many jokes, and was the laughing-stock of the older raftsmen. Long, straight stems of Norway pine, 80 to 120 feet in length, and free from limbs or knots, were rafted whole, fastened together with withes, and run to the seaboard to be used for the masts of sailing-vessels. Rival crews, when far down the river, were always anxious to see who had the best man. When the rafts were disposed of. the crews were paid, and started on foot to return to their homes. Among the leading lumbermen of earlier years were Capt. Luther White, who ran as many as 40 rafts of from 50,000 to 60,000 feet each in a season, James H. Miles, and Capt. James Young. The village of Cameron is built on a narrow neck of land at the mouth of a ravine which breaks through the hill from the north, and is entirely surrounded by the high, pre- cipitous hills, which open only to admit the river at the the north, and closes again half a mile below. A main street runs through the village, parallel with the river, and along this sti'eet are ranged the older residences and some fine modern ones, including the beautiful residence 204 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. of Dr. Charles E. Annabel. A street crossing this leads to the depot beside the river. Daniel A. Ordwaj', who came to Cameron village in 1849, has kept the hotel near the depot since the opening of the railroad. Near the central corner is the Pierson House, now closed, where, in 1830. Ama.sa Downs entertained traveler.s. Beyond, towards the church, a street, closely occupied by dwellings, leads past the old tannery of 1824, long since abandoned as unable to compete with factory work. The pioneer black- smith-shop of James Lawrence, whose custom came from far beyond the limits of the present town, in 1824, has been replaced by two blacksmith- and wagon-shops, both well supported by the work from their immediate neighbor- hood. The log tavern of John Hallett, near the bridge, has given way for a more modern one near the depot, and the Briggs Hotel, near which Andrew P. Erwin kept the first store in the town, on the principal corner, around which are grouped the various other business houses of the place, con- sisting of four dry-goods stores, one of them kept by William Hallett, son of Nathan, and grandson of John Hallett, the pioneer, another by Jesse Santee, town clerk, and son of Isaac Santee, a drug-store, furniture-store, hay-press, a general warehouse, and a shoe-shop. The Methodist Epis- copal church occupies a conspicuous position in the west end of the village, while at the east end of the main street is a fine school-house divided into two graded departments, and the school taught by a faculty of two teachers. This school-house was erected in 1858, and supplies the place of the little building with sliding windows and rude benches, in which Malinda Willard, daughter of Stephen Willard, now the venerable Mrs. James B. Wheeler, taught the first school in the town of Cameron. The village contains 30 residences and 220 inhabitants. ORGANIZATION. The first annual election of the town of Cameron was held at the house of Samuel Pierson, a mile and a half from the village of Cameron, towards Bath. February, 1823. The old records and papers belonging to the town having been destroyed, it is impossible to obtain a full report of the action of this meeting, or a full list of the town officers. At this election Elias Mason was elected Supervisor ; Moses L. Pierson, Town Clerk ; and James Brownell, Constable. At the third annual election, commencing Nov. 7, 1825, for presidential electors, 49 votes were polled, including the present town of Thurston, which was a part of Cameron until 1844. Dexter Pratt, Elias Mason, Isaac Santee, Joseph Loughry, and Reuben W. Miller were inspectors of election. Only 8972 of personal property was assessed in the town in 1823, although then including Thurston and part of Rathbone. SuperviBora. 1823. Elias Mason. 1824. " 1825. " " 1826. " " 1827. " " TOWN OFFICEKS. Town Clerks. (Xo Record.) Joseph Loughry. (No Record.) Collectors. Moses L. Pierson. De.\tpr Pr.ntt. Sapervisore, Town Clerks. Collectors. 1828. Joseph Loughry. {No Record.) George S. Pierson. 1829. H it " " 11 it 1830. '• tt it Moses L. Pierson. 1831. Moges L. Pierson. " " William Bundy. IS32. Andrew G. Pierson. " it Stephen Baskin. 183.3. Isnac Santee. it it Henry Hollett. 1834. « u tt " Jacob Thayer. 1835. ti ti " .( " " 1836. it tt ti " it n 1837. C. P. Hubbard. " " EH R. Eddy. 1838. James H. Miles. it " .. 1839. Joseph Loughry. James Liawrence. Daniel Barber. 1840. (1 tt Peter Chase. tt ti 1841. Moses De Pue. (No Record.) William P. Dailey. 1842. James Lawrence. it ■' Ahram C. Tost. 1843. " " " ti tt 1S44. ti it it it James Barber. 1845. H. L. .«wift. " '• James H. Pierson. 1S46. Luther White. Henry J. Hoyt. David Orser. 1847. " " ■' Nathan Fluent. 1848. H. J. Hyatt. H. H. Brownell. James H. Pierson. 1849. John Miles. D. H. Hinds. it ti 1850. « i. Henry T. Hoy it tc 1851. H. J. Hyiitt. James S. Reynolds. Daniel Barber. 1852. William X. Smith. .Tames E. Jones. Samuel Edwards. 1853. ■' .James jawrence. John D. Bump. 1854. Peter Cha.=e. " " a a 1S55. John Mitchell. " .John H, Pierson. 1856. W. N.Smith. H. S. S wift. James A. Smith. 1857. " James Lawrence. ti it 1858. a " " " " 1859. ti a " " Byron French. 1860. Samuel D. Sellick." it " William Ordway. 1861. " " it Robert Brady. 1862. Orange ^V. Hinds. " it it it 1863. a a (( tt it ti 1864. tt ti it it it it 1865. Luther White. it it tt tt 1866. Heman S. Swift. tt it tt it 1867. it a It ti William Ordway. 1868. Jesse Santee. " it " " 1869. A. .T. Lawrence. " " Daniel Z. Sanford. 1870. a a •' it Robert Brady. 1871. Charles A. Bateman ti t. it 1872. Lucius C. Pierson. " it it it 1873. it it " a Charles F. Johnson 1874. Gratton H. Wheeler it a Robert Brady. 1875. it ti Robert E. Misner. it a 1876. S. A. Gardner. Jesse Santee. a ' it 1877. Charles A. Bateman ■■ Robert Brady. George Eaton. 1878. tt it " " Nathan Osborn. Jt7STICES OF THE PEACE. 1839. Joseph Loughry. 1863. Michael H. MoCIane. 1840. John S. Depue. 1864. Lewis Cross. Harlow Smith. 1865. Jesse Santee. 1847. K. B. Swartwood. Elias D. Cha^e. 1848. Wm. N. Smith. E. D. Swartwood. 1866. Charles N. Mason. George W. Byron. 1856. John M. Rowley. 1867. Wickham R. Crocker. .7. B. Finch. 1868. S. C Williamson. 1857. L. C, Pierson. 1869. Rich ard Smith. C. W. Mason. • 1870. Uriah A. Carpenter. 1858. Lucius C. Robinson. James Santee. 1871. Gratton H. Wheeler. Samuel D. Sellick. 1859. James A. Smith. 1872. Miram M. Carr. Abram D. Sutton. 1873. Richard Smith. 1860. William Santee. Dav d L. Williamson. 1861. Charles W. Mason. 1874. V. A . Carpenter. Peter W. Drake. 1875. Thomas Campbell. Joel Eggleston. 1876. L. C . Pierson. 1862. Mich.ael McLane. 1877. Chai les Jones. Nathan M. Boebe. 1878. O.J Mason. TOWN OF CAMERON. 205 CHURCHES. BAPTIST CIIITRCH OF CAMERON. A meeting was held in the school-house, near the present church, June 12, 1844, for the purpose of forming a sepa- rate organization in the town of Cameron. Rev. Moses Rowley, wlio had been an early missionary preacher, was moderator, and David French clerk. A committee was appointed to obtain the names of those who wished to form a separate organization. Previou.sly the Baptist residents of Cameron belonged to the church in Bath. Meetings were held in the school-house, and at the residence of David Freuch ; Rev. John B. Chase pi'eaching there as early as 1 832. Occasional meetings were held, but no regular preach- ing was had previous to about 1842, when Rev. Mr. Ray- mond supplied them. July 11, 1844, under the pastorate of the Rev. Moses Rowley, a council of the neighboring churches of the Canisteo River Baptist Association met in the French school-house, and Rev. D. M. Root was chosen moderator. Thirty-six persons presented themselves and were organized into the Second Baptist Church of Cameron, the first being the church of Bath. Among the first mem- bers were Moses Dudley, Elias Mason and wife, John L., John, and David French, Isaac C. Forgus and wife, Wil- liam Johnson, Orange W. Hines, Peter Chase, Samuel Watrous and wife, Barnabas Robinson and wife. Elder J. D. Carr, and Elisha Thayer, who was licensed to preach the same year. David French was made clerk, and Isaac C. Forgus, David French, and Barnabas Robinson were the first deacons. On the dissolution of the Canisteo River Association in 1848, the name was changed to the Cameron Baptist Church. During the pastorate of Revs. Rowley and Carr, in 1844-45, a great revival added over 100 converts to the church, including nearly all the population within reach of the French school-house, where the meetings were held. During the pastorate of Rev. T. R. Clark, the old Presbyterian church was purchased and moved from the river to its present site near the old .school-hou.se, where the early meetings were held, and rededicated by Rev. Mr. Todd, Oct. 18, 1871. The trustees rebuilding this church were Elmer French, John French, George Wolverton, Samuel Watrous, Clark Ellis, and Benjamin Swartz. The following pastors have been assigned to this charge : 1832, John B. Chase; 1842, Raymond; 1843-44, Moses Rowley; 1845, J. D. Carr; 1846, Jesse G. Williams ; 1847, J. D. Carr; 1848, J. S. Chapman; 1849, John C. Mallory; 1850, Allen B. Chase ; 1851, Benjamin Balcam ; 1852, Wm. H. Prentiss; 1853, J. Scutt; 1854-55, A. B. Chase; 1856-57, Jesse G. Williams; 1858, W. H. Pren- tiss; 1859, J. G. Williams; 1860, Francis Sherer; 1861, Thomas B. Clark; 1862, S. B. Peck; 1863-64, T. B. Clark; 1865-67, C. C. Park; 1870, Ira Thomas; 1871, T. B. Clark; 1872, II. Chase; 1873, Rev. Mr. Bron- dage ; 1874-75, Comfort Beebe ; 1877-78, I. M. Taylor. John C. Mallory was ordained here in 1849, and Francis Sherer in 1860. I. C. Fergu.son, David French, B. Robin- son, Thomas Horton, Samuel Watrous, Henry Rising, Jas. N. Jack, Harvey Halliday, and John French have been deacons ; the last three still serving. Byron Freuch is the present clerk, and John French, Spencer Merrill, and Ben- jamin Swartz are trustees. There is also in the south part of the town of Cameron the Pjast Cameron Baptist Church, whose organization con- sists mainly of residents of Woodhull. This society is de- scribed in the history of that town. The church, which was erected at an expense of $2000, was dedicated by Rev. Alanson Tilden, June 3, 1861. The trustees were G. Northrup, William Allen, and P. Northrup. The present trustees are William Allen, D. Northrup, and S. Newell. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first religious meetings in the town of Cameron were held by Rev. Abner Chase, a preacher who was admitted to the New York Methodist Episcopal Conference in 1812, and preached at tlie hou.se of Phones Green, in the Canisteo Valley, the same year. Rev. Mr. Chase, at that time, made his circuit of four hundred miles on foot, preaching several days in a place, and doing much to awaken an interest in religion among the pioneers of Cameron. He followed this circuit for a number of years, and was afterwards assisted by Revs. Ebenezer White and Charles Giles. The first regular organization was efi^ected in 1834, during the pas- torate of Rev. Ira Bronson. Early meetings were held also at the house of Isaac Santee, who was the first class-leader, and afterwards at the school-house near. Luther White was the first steward. Isaac Santee and wife. Phones Green and wife, and Luther White were early members. The first church building was made from the store of Merriman & Co., at West Cameron, which was purchased by Luther White, and converted into a church at his own expense. This church was dedicated in June, 1842, by Rev. Mr. Babcock, presiding elder ; Rev. John Bowman was the pastor in charge. This church was private property until 1865, when it was deeded by Mr. White to the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, on condition that they make the necessary repairs. The present ofiicers of this church are Rev. J. H. Blades, Pastor ; Charles Bateman, Recording Steward ; Jesse San- tee, Erastus Dickey, Stewards ; William Santee, Class- Leader. The following have been pastors of this church : 1812-20, Abner Chase, Ebenezer White, Charles Giles, I. J. B. McKinney, Dubois; 1834, Ira Bronson; 1835, Thomas Wheat; 1838, Chandler Wheeler; 1840, Philo P. Tower; 1841, R. T. Hancock; 1842-43, John Bow- man; 1844, Carlos Gould; 1845, Samuel Nichols; 1847, E. Colson; 1848, J. Ashworth ; 1850, Daniel Clark; 1851-52, Wm. Potter; 1853-54, Henry Wisuer; 1855- 56, R. D. Brooks; 1857, C. Goal; 1858, Joseph Chap- man ; 1859, Jared Copeland ; 1860, H. C. Brown, Elisha Sweet; 1861, J. Thompson; 1864, Wm. Sharp; 1865-66, Charles Bush; 1867-69, M. D. Jackson; 1870, D. D. Van Allen; 1871-72, Carlton G. Lowell; 1873-74, F. M. Smith ; 1875-76, Harris Peck ; 1877-78, J. H. Blades. The late pastors of the Cameron village church were : 1856, Carlos Gould, J. L. S. Granden ; 1857, C. Gould ; 1858, J. Chapman; 1859, H. C. Brown; 1860, J. Thom- •son, Jr. ; 1863-65, C. Bush ; 1866-68, M. D. Jackson. In February, 1S51, a cla.ss was formed at Cameron vil- lage, with 13 members, of which Samuel M. Reynolds was 206 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUiNTY, NEW YORK. made leader. Edward Walton and wife, llosetta Chase, James Lawrence, Wyman D. Ogden, Heman S. Swift and wife, and Amelia Scliermerhorn were among the first mem- bers. A fine edifice was erected in the village at a cost of S8000, under the pastorate of Rev. William Potter, and dedicated by Rev. Nathaniel Fellows, in 1852. The first trustees were Heman S. Swift, James Reynolds, Isaac McDuifey, and William N. Smith. The first stewards were Luther Severance, Dr. John Mitchell, H. S. Swift, John Toles, John Santee. In 1857 a revival under the administration of Ralph D. Brooks increased the membership to 55, and Heman S. Swift was made class-leader. In 1S5G, Robert Morey was licensed to exhort. Ira Martin, Edward Peckham, Wil- liam Santee, and E. D. Chase are Class-Leaders ; Charles Bateman, Clerk ; E. E. Chase, Steward; James B. Wheeler and Andrew Lawrence, Trustees. The pastors are enumer- ated in the list previously given. A branch Methodist Episcopal church was built on South Hill, during the pastorate of C. G. Lowell, by Charles Bate- man, Thomas Bateman, John I. Countryman, and John Quick, trustees, at an expense of ?25UU, and dedicated in 1872 by Rev. J. E. B. Huntington. There is a society of 80 mcmber.s at thi.s place, under the leadership of Charles Bateman, who is also recording steward. The other officers are John Quick, Steward; John Quick, Wesley Sherwood, and Thomas Bateman, Trustees. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The first meetings of this church, in the town of Cam- eron, were held in the old log school-house, a mile north of the church, on the Rowe farm, by Rev. John Stocking, who held revival-meetings there in the winter of 1831-32, and was assisted by Rev. Gideon Hendricks. Among the first members were James Rice, Eli Northrup, George Cameron and wife, Henry Lott and wife, Harley Sears and wife, James Rice, John D. Yost, and Joseph Plaistcd and wife. Eli Northrup was made clerk, and John D. Yost, deacon. In 185-1 a neat little church edifice was erected near the east line of the town, at an expense of $700, by John D. Yost, Timothy Carpenter, and Stephen Aldrich, trustees ; and was dedicated by Rev. Oliver P. Alderman on Christmas- night of the same year. The present trustees are Uriah D. Carpenter, Peter Rumsey, Benjamin Osborn. Uriah D. Car- penter is clerk, and Asher Northrup i.s deacon. The society has 37 members. The following is the list of pastors : 1831, John Stocking; 1832, William Hendricks; 1833- ■43, Amos Chapman; 1844, Abner J. Wetton; 1848, Ches- ter D. Kinney ; 1852-5G, Oliver P. Alderman ; 1857, Burlingame, William D. Rutherford ; 1861, C. D. Kinney ; 1862-63, J. N. Price; 1868, C. D. Kinney; 1869-70, Henry Wilber; 1873, John H. Carr, 0. P. Alderman; 1874, Lewis Palmeter ; 1875, A. J. Hammond. A Presbyterian society was formed, and a church was built in the south end of the village of Cameron, in 1853. This organization received the Pulteney donation of 100 acres of land to the first church organized in the town under legal charter. Several years after the society de- clined, and the building was .sold to the Baptists, who moved it on to the hill three miles north. MILITARY RECORD OP CAMERON. Jiilin F. Frencli, Co. G, 23d N. Y. Inf. .loljn V. Ackerman, Co. F, 78th N. Y. Inf.; re-enl. vet., same Co. and regt. ; con- solidated with 102d N. Y. Inf. Cornelius McGregor, Co. F, lIlTth N. Y. Inf Wickham J. Barry, cook, Co. K, 107th N. Y. Inf. David Morandeville, Kl7th N. Y. Vols. Moses H. Morse, Co F, 107th N. Y. Inf. James B. (Mierry, Co. F, 107tli N. Y. Inf. William Crane, Co. F. 107th N. Y. Inf. John Crane, Co. B; died in hospital. Mai tin Hallett, IGlst N. Y. Inf.; killed. Martin L. White, 23d N. Y. Inf.; re-enl. in UI7th N. Y. Inf Isiuic White, died at Elniira, N. Y. Joseph White, Md N. Y. Inf. Alexis Crane, Co. H, Ulst N. Y, Inf. David Farrand, Co. A, 23d N. Y. Inf. ; killed at Antietain .\. O. .\nderson, died in hospital. James Longhry, died in Washington, riiineas Baker, Cornelins Bahcock. Solomon Brownell, tVt. G, 1st N. Y. Inf ; re-enlisted. Daniel Bnrley, Arthnr Henderson, Richard B. Smith, Ceylon .Smith, James A. Snnth, James B. Wheeler, Jr., John D. Wheeler. Charles E. Baker, Co. K, ln7lh N. Y. Inf. George W. Kichmond, Co. II, S.ith N. Y. Inf. Parker Kulopson. Hiram Gofl', Co. K, lU7lh N. Y. Inf. ; re-enl. Co. F, 189th N. Y. Inf. Peter FalT.and, Co. G, l8t N. Y. Inf. Monroe Snyder, Co. D, IGlst Itegt. ; killed on the Miss. River by an explosion. Elijah Monroe, John Glover. Asa Cross, Co. K, SOth N. Y. Vols. Daniel S.anford. disch. for wound. George Smith, sergt., Co. F, loTlh N. Y. Inf.; wonnded at .\ntietam and disch. John Armstrong, Wm. Knap[i. Wm. Stu.art, Co. K, 8Bth N. Y. Inf. Kiinsom II. Sahin, Co. F, lOTth N. Y. Inf. Nehemiah Wiuship, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf. Joseph liowhind, James Crowell, Joseph Reynolds, Henry Scutt, George Scutt, Horace Dickey, Charles Wood, .\llen Kinner, Decatur Kinner. Samuel Punches, Co. G, 141st Inf. John Colhath, Co. G, 141st Inf. Erastus Dickey, Co. H, Ulst Inf. Charles Slater, Frank Angel. John D. Aker, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 6, 1804. Daniel F. Burley, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Daniel Brownell, Co. A, ISOth N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Sidney Church, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf. ; enl Sept. 12, 1804. Charles E. Hacket, Co. A, lS9th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. James A. Jackson, Co. A, lS9th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 12, 18G4. Chas. P. Knap, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Wilson Longhrey, Co. A, 189lh N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Moses H. Moree, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. 12, 1804. Norman Stewart, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. 12. 1864. Charles E. Stewart, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Wesley Travis, Co. A, lS9th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Jarvis Talbot, Co. A, lS9th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Wm. H. Winship, Co. A, 189th N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. William Austin, Co. H, 189tli N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. 14, 1864. William Withey, Co. H, ISUth N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 14, 1SC4. James A. Smith, Co. F, 189th N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. 28, 1804. Horace Dicker, Co. F, 189th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 28, 1804. Peter Fanand, Co. F, 189th X. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 28, 1864. Theodore Wood, Co. F, 189th N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. 28, 1864. Aliram P. Gould, Co. F, lS9th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 28, 1864. James N. Brady, Co. F, 189th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 28, 1864. Delos Withey, Co. F, 189th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 28, 1864. (;eorge Wilder, Co. F, 180th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 28, 1864. Henry S. Waggoner, Co. F, lS9th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 28, 1864. Gilbert Ackloy, Co. F, 107th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. July 29, 1862. George W. Drake, Co. F, 107th N. Y. Inf; enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Wm. W. Gere, Co. F, ll)7th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Harvey S. Marshall, Co. F, 107th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Ira R. Smith, Co. F, 107th N. Y. Inf; enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Samuel Ackley, Co. G, 141st N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Burrows Cole, Co. G, 141st N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. George Stewart, Co. G, 14lBt N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. II, 1862. EJson J. Ripley, Co, B, 86th N. Y. Inf; enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Daniel E. Bailey, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf; enl. Aug. 3(1, 1861. Daniel Brownell, Co. K, Seth N. Y. Inf; enl. Aug. 30, 1861. James R. Brownell, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Thomas Ferrand, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. S, 1861. Hynnin Hazleton, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 30, 1861. Elias 0. Owens, Co. K;80th N. Y. Inf; enl. Aug. 30, 1861. Henry S. Swarlwood, Co. K, S6th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Aug. 30, 1861. John C. Sabin, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 30, 1861. CAMPBELL. GEOQRAPHICAL SITUATION. This is an interior town, lying southeast of tlie centre of the county. It is bounded on tlie nortli by Bath and Bradford, east by Hornby, soutli by Erwin and a part of Addison, and west by Thurston. physical features. The surface of the town consists chiefly of high, broken ridges, separated by the rich valleys of tiie streams. The declivities of the hills are generally steep, and their sum- mits from three to five hundred feet above the valleys. The streams arc the Conhocton River, which flows south- east through the west part of the town, and its tributaries, Wolf Run, McNutt's Run, Mead's Creek, Dry Run, and Stevens and Michigan Creeks. The valley of the Conlioc- ton River is about one mile in width, and aftbrds a beauti- ful scope of rich fariuing country. A similar valley lies along Mead's Creek, in the northeast part of tlie town. The soil of these valleys is a rich alluvium, wliile that of the hills is clayey and gravelly loam. early settlement. Among the early and prominent settlers of the town were the Campbell family, from whom its name is derived. Before them, however, came a few others, who had built their cabins on the fertile banks of the river, and at Mead's Creek, before the beginning of this century. These pio- neers were Joseph Wolcott, Elias Williams, Samuel Cal- kins, and David McNutt, who gave his name to McNutt's Run. Mr. Wolcott, with his family, occupied a cabin near Wolf Run, on a part of the present residence lot of J. D. Hamilton ; Mr. Williams was a blacksmith, and lived at Mead's Creek ; Mr. Calkins built his cabin on the bank of the river below where Curtisville now is, and Mr. McNutt lived with his family in a little log cabin on McNutt's Run. These were all the persons or families re- siding within the six miles square when Mrs. Lucy Teeple, daughter of 'Rev. Robert Campbell, still residing in the town, came here with her parents, in 1803. Abram and Isaac Thomas, hunters, had built a cabin on Mead's Creek, but they probably were not occupying it at the time referred to. It was unoccupied and apparently abandoned when the settlers came into that section. The first conveyance of this town (numbiir three in the second range) was made by Oliver Phelps to Prince Bry- ant, of Pennsylvania, in a deed bearing date Sept. 5, 17S'J. Mr. Phelps then resided in Massachusetts, although he had established a land-ofiice at Canandaigua. This deed, conveying the whole township for a consideration of £10U0, New York currency, was conditional upon the acceptance of the terms by Nathaniel Uorhani. i'rince Bryant convoyed the township to Elijah Babcock, Oct. 2, 1789. Elijah Babcock si>ld 7G80 acres to Roger Clark, Nov. 22, 1798, and various parcels at other times to Sam- uel Tooker, David Holmes, and William Babcock. The title to a large portion of the tnwnship afterwards reverted to Oliver Phelps, who sold to Joshua Hathaway, Zalmon Tousey, Robert Campbell, and (lideon Granger. Joshua Hathaway 's deed for 2037 acres bears date Oct. 2, 1801. He bought of Oliver Phelps fur 65092.52. Robert Camp- bell purchased half of the township, Xnv. 21, ISOl, and the deed of Mr. Phelps to Zalnion Tousey for 1132 acres is dated Dec. 2, 1801, Most of these later jjurchasers became prominent in the early affairs of the town. In the year 1803, Rev. Robert Campbell and ('apt. Sol- omon Campbell, his nephew, who had served as an officer in the Revolutionary war, emigrated from Stillwater. Sara- toga Co., and settled in this town. Robert Campbell brought with him four sons, viz., Robert, Jr., 31iner Campbell, father of Rev. Dr. S. M. Campbell, of Rochester, N. Y. ; Bradford, who died the second year after their arrival, and was the first person buried in the Campbell burying-ground ; Philo, who resided at Painted Post until his death ; and his daughters, Rebecca, Rachel, Tamar, and Lucy. Rebecca married Daniel Curtis, one of the old settlers at Mead's Creek, and father of Daniel B. Curtis, proprietor of Curtis' Mills ; Rachel married Asa Milliken, and their marriage was probably the first in the town ; Tamar married her cousin, Capt. Solomon Campbell, who came from Saratoga when a young man. They moved to the West many years ago. Lucy, widow of the late George Teeple, still resides in town, and is the only one living of the large family. She was eighty-seven years old on the 5th day of May, 1878, and still retains a distinct recollection of the incidents of their settlement here in the wilderness when she was but a little girl. When her father came with his family they rented a house near Bath until he could erect a house to live in near where the grave-yard now is. He built a frame house which stood until 1877, wlien it was burned down. Mrs. Teeple has still living with her an old colored servant, Jeu, who is the daughter of a slave woman, and was born in Robert Campbell's house in Saratoga County. She came here with the family when a child ten years old, and is eighty-five, and almost entirely blind. She had a brother, Jehu, who was drowned while running rafts down the river. Joseph Stevens was one of the first settlers of Campbell. He came to this town from Sangerfield, Oneida Co., in 1805, and bought land and became a prominent and influ- ential citizen. He had sons Joseph and John, who settled and reared families in Campbell. Joseph Stevens, Jr., had 207 208 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. the following-named children : .Tared, Amos, Jonas; Ben- jamin, Joseph, Rulpli, Marcus, Almond, and John, and daughters Pernielia (Mrs. Aden J. Pratt, deceased) and HaddiLssah, who married Daniel Horton, father of Charles Horton, Esq., of Campbell. All the sons except Jonas and Benjamin removed to Michigan many years ago. Marcus and John are among the leading merchants and manufacturers of Detroit. Mr. Jonas Stevens, of Campbell, has hanging in his parlors the likenesses of the nine brothers taken in a group, with their mother — then eighty-five years old — and their sister, the late Mre. Horton. This group was taken at Canton, Midi., on the occasion of a family reunion, in 1861. Mrs. Ste- vens had five of her grandsons then in the army. Since then Mrs. Stevens, her daughter, Mrs. Horton, and three of the brothers have died. Mrs. Stevens died in her eighty- eighth year. REMINISCENCES OF JONAS STEVENS. A short sketch of the early settlement of the town of Campbell, with something of a description of the manners and customs of the first inhabitants, interspersed with some items of experience by the author, may not be without interest. " The town of Campbell is a part of the large town of Painted Post, and derives its name from the numerous family of Campbells living in it. The Campbells, 1 think, emigrated from Stillwater, in this State, about the year 1803. Robert and Solomon, with their sons and daughters, made (juite a colony. Then the Stevens from Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1804 and 1805, — almost as numerous as the Campbells. These, with a few others, and here and there a hut of Indians, composed the first inhabitants of this town. They were scattered along the Conhocton Valley, and here and there a little spot cleared and a log house built, with a rough stone chimney and large fireplace, and a crane or some other contrivance to hang the kettle over the fire. With these arrangements the pioneers expected to produce a support for their whole families by their own labor. They raised flax and dressed it, and their wives spun and wove it, to make their summer clothing, and for winter the fleeces of their sheep went through the process of picking and carding by hand, and mixed with black to make a gray or colored with butternut-bark to save expense ; and as to buying anything out of the store, that was almost out of the question. They made their own sugar. There was one store, which was kept by William Bonham, at Knoxville, between Bath and Big Flats, a log school-house, and only two frame houses in town. Their cattle, sheep, and hogs had the wide range of the big pasture and to go as they would. At night they must go and hunt them up. One of them would wear a bell, and it was not strange to see a deer with them. I was informed of one man who, while hunting his cows, shot and killed two large bears, and next morning he took his oxen and cart and brought them home. "Their sheep had to be driven up and yarded to keep them from being torn and devoured by wolves. One night I unavoidably failed to yard my father's sheep, and I went out next morning and found tliem within about twenty rods of the house, with eight of their number killed, or Wounded so that the}' died. Wolves especially were very plenty, and often committed depredations upon the farmer's flocks, and in the fall of the year, late in the evening, their bowlings could often be heard in the woods all around, which was extremely frightful. It was rare that the most skillful hunter could get a shot at one of these. But the deer — the most beautiful and harmless of wild animals — were quite plenty, although pursued by wild beasts as well as men. It was a very pleasing sight to see them start up in the forest, sometimes as many as four or five together, and hoist their white flag and bound off most gracefully among the trees. I have seen as many as seven at one time come in the depth of winter within fifteen rods of my father's door, and stand by a stack of cornstalks and eat as long as they would. " Almost every man kept a rifle with a flint lock, which often disappointed him when he expected it to go off and take down a deer. Their plows in those days were the old-fashioned bull-plow, with wooden mould-board, and no iron about them except the share. We knew nothing about the mowing-machine, horse-rake, thrashing-machine, grain-drill, steam-engine, railroad, telegraph, sewing-ma- chine, or any of the numerous inventions now in use. We were very profligate of our timber; it was so plenty that we would not have thought of charging a neighbor any- thing for a dozen or twenty pine-trees. We felt secure from burglars in our habitations without a lock to our doors. •' One incident in the war of 1812 I remember very dis- tinctly. It used to be talked that there was danger of the Indians coming over from Canada and going around killing and scalping the inhabitants. Well, one day I was busy with my play, my back towards the road, no one near me that I knew of, when suddenly a hand came spat on the top of my head, and fingers clenched into my hair and gave it a shake. I turned my head while he yet held my hair, and two large Indians with their hunting implements stood behind me. I thought my scalp had got to come ofi'. They asked me in plain English if my father was at home ; I answered that he was. When they saw how they had surprised me they had a hearty laugh over it. " One of the Campbell boys and myself once built a fish- rack, and one night, late in the fall, we caught fish enough to fill a common-sized two-horse wagon box full. I will also tell an authentic hunting story. An old hunter in this neighborhood saw an animal which he took to be a large wolf, feeding on the carcass of a deer, and shot and wounded it slightly. He followed it the remainder of the day, and the next day with another man, but saw nothing of the animal. The next day another man went with a gun and dogs. The dogs going ahead of the hunter soon came up with the animal, and it turned and looked at the dogs, but they kept out of its reach, while the man came up and saw that it was a panther. The day following a brother and cousin of mine went with him and followed it till almost night, when the dogs started it in a thicket of large hem- lock-trees. The dogs drove it into a tree. The men came up, and after looking some time saw the panther in the top of a large tree. Brother Ben shot him, and he barely kept KoBERT Campbell, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Scotland, and was born Apnil 23, 1709, and was married April 13, 1727, and settled in Canaan, Conn., Oct. 20, 1761. He had eleven children, viz. : Kebecca, born Oct. 2, 1728; Lydia, born Aug. 21, 1730; Daniel, born March 12, 17S3; Mary, born Aug. 10, 1734; Elizabeth, born Oct. 1, 1736; Joan, born June f9, 1739; Kobert, Jr., born May 3, 1741 ; Daniel (2d), born July 29, 1743; Sarah, born Oct. 15, 174.5; and Solomon, born June 13, 1749. He was a Presbyterian clergyman of marked ability, and was ordained minister Oct. 20, 1761, at Canaan. He removed to Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1762, and was accom- panied by a very large number of his congregation from Con- necticut, aboutonehundred members. He continued to preach as long as his health would permit, and died, mourned by a host of warm friends, on the 19th of February, 1789; his wife died July 29, 1763. Solomon Campbell was undoubtedly born in Connecticut, and removed to Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y., in company with his ]iarents and many others who left Connecticut for tlieir new home in Stillwater. His father was the first min- ister in Stillwater. Solomon, Sr., married Sarah Andrews, Aug. 1, 1771, and liad the following children, viz. : Sarah, horn May 14, 1772; Mary, born June. 21, 1775; Archie, born Feb. 23, 1777; Solomon, Jr., born Oct. 30, 1779; Elizabeth, born Dec. 20, 1781; John, born Dec. 6, 1785; Lydia, born April 3, 1788; Rebecca, born July 18, 1790; TartuUius, born Aug. 11, 1792 ; Daniel, born June 31, 1797. Solomon was known as Capt. Campbell, and no doubt served in the Revolutionary war. He was a farmer by occupation. Capt. Solomon Campbell removed to Campbclltown very soon after his son Archie, who settled in Camjibell in the winter of 1801-1802. Solomon died Dec. 30, 1823, and his wife died Sept. 20, 1806, in the fifty-fifth year of her age. Col. Archie Campbell, son of Solomon, was born on Long Island, and married Miss Sarah Persall, a native of Fishkill, N. Y., about 1796 or 1797. Of this union seven children were born, viz. : Solomon A., James, Bradford, Elvin, Mary, Jane, and George W. Of this number, Solomon A. and James were born before coming to Campbclltown, and Bradford was the first white child born in the town of Campbell. Col. Archie Campbell was a colo- nel of the State militia, and served as captain in the war of 1812. He was extensively engaged in the lumber interest while a resident of Campbell, and was a farmer. He died suddenlv, March 14, 1825, in the prime of life, and Mrs. Camp- bell died July 11, 1852. George W. Campbell, son of Col. Archie and Sarah Camp- bell, was born in Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y., Aug. 2, 1818. He received a common-school education, but at the age of six- teen he quit attending school, and was compelled to work in order to get a living. He commenced to learn the harness trade at Hammondsport, Penn Yan, and Bath, and continued four years ; then went into a store at Bath for Amos Babcock, and continued till 1844; then was engaged in company with his brother, Solomon A., in the lumber trade in running lum- ber down the Susipiehanna until 1848; then went to Painted Post and engaged in the mercantile business with R. O. Smith, now of Clean, for two years, when Mr. Campbell's health compelled him to give up the business. He soon commenced the lumber interest again with Solomon A. until 1857, when he purchased one-half of his brother's farm, some four hundred acres, and was engaged in farming for eight years, when he sold his farm in 1866, and commenced the mercantile business at Campbell, where he now resides. Mr. Campbell's business career has been one of steady, on- ward gain. He commenced life poor, and to-day is one of the most substantial business men of his native town. In politics he is closely identified with the Republican party, and joined the party at its organization in 1856, having previously been a Whig, as all of his ancestors were. He was supervisor of his towuYrom 1861 to 1865, and suiierintendent of the poor from 1872 to 1875. Mr. Campbell has been identified with the Board of Education for the past three years, and is serving in that capacity now. Mr. Campbell has given general satis- faction in all his oflicial business, and to-day is honored by the re- spect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. He married Mi.ss ElizabethM., daughter of Columbus and Louise Burrill, of Fairfield, Maine, July 10, 1853. Mrs. Elizabeth M. Campbell was born in Fairfield, Maine, Nov. 16, 1829, and settled in Campbell with her parents in October, 1850. Of this union three children were born, viz.: Sarah Louise, born Jan. 6, 1857; Solomon A., born March 7, 1860; and Archie W., born Sept. 6, 1863. JONAS STEVENS. MRS. JONAS STEVENS. ^' JONAS STEVENS. Joseph Stevens, Se., was either a native of New England or came from England previous to the Revolutionary war, as he served in that war and had settled in Saratoga County before the war, where some of his children were born. Joseph, Sr., and his son, Joseph, Jr., settled in Campbelltown, Steuben Co., about the same time, being March, 1805, — both of whom were farmers. Joseph, Sr., died while a resident in Wheeler, Steuben Co., far advanced in years. He and his wife were members of the Baptist Church at the time of their death. Joseph, Jr., and family (except one) were members of the Presbyterian Society. Jonas Stevens came to Campbell with his parents March 13, 1805, and has continued to reside here ever since except a few years spent at Monterey. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Jedediah Miller, of Ulysses, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1826. Mrs. Stevens was born Aug. 18, 1807. Of this union five children were born, viz. : George, Hannah, Harmon, Ralph, and Jennie. All are living in Campbell, except Jennie, who resides at Avon, N. Y. Mr. Stevens has been a farmer by occupation, and has endured the privations incident to a pioneer life. For more tiian forty-eiglit years he and Mrs. Stevens have been living at their present home in Campbell, and he has always been closely identified with the best interests of the town. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens have been members of the Presbyterian Society for more than fifty years, and Mr. Stevens is one of two of the first seven who organized the Presbyterian Church at Campbell. In politics Mr. Stevens is a staunch Republican, and two of his sons, Harmon aud Ralph, were soldiers in the 107th Regiment, New York Volunteers, in the late war. Ralph lost his right arm during the engagement at Dallas, Ga., in 1864. Harmon and Ralph were both honorably discharged, and are now citizens of Campbell. For more than fifty-two years Mr. and Mrs. Stevens have been walking life's journey together, and now in their advanced years they can look back over those years of labor with the satisfaction of knowing that their children are numbered among the respect- able citizens of Steuben County. Jonas Stevens, the subject of this sketch, is of English origin. Jonas, son of Joseph, Jr., and Abi- gail Knowlton Stevens, was born in Sangerfield, Oneida Co., N. Y., March 13, 1803. Joseph, Jr., son of Joseph, Sr., was born in Still- water, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Dec. 5, 1771, and died in Campbell, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1843. His wife, Abigail Knowlton, was born in Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y., June 22, 1777, and died in Michigan, Dec. 19, 1864. Her remains were brought home and buried by the side of her husband, upon the farm where they spent so many pleasant years together. By this marriage Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Stevens had eleven children, all of whom, save the five oldest, were born in Campbell, N. Y., and the others in Sangerfield, Oneida Co., N. Y. Names of children, — Jared, Permelia, Haddassah, Amos, Jonas, Ben- jamin, Josej)h, Ralph, Marcus, Almon, and John. All of this large family lived to be men and women, and those who died each reached more than seventy years save two. Two others are to-day upwards of seventy-two years of age. t^^.^C^.e<^ (/ C0ii/7--Z^^^ William W. Bartlett, son of Luther and Maria Bartlett, was born in Dudley, Worcester Co., Mass., July 8, 1825. His father was born in Massachusetts about 1800 ; married Maria Windsor, a native of Dudley, Mass., Oct. 5, 1824. Mrs. Maria Windsor Bartlett was born May 10, 1803. Of this union three children were born, viz., William W., Eliza N., and Lucian. William W. is the only one of the children now living. Luther Bartlett was a manufacturer of scythes and axes ; later in life kept public house in Thompson, Conn., and died Feb. 9, 1830. Mrs. Bartlett married David Van Alstine, and now resides in California. Nathaniel Bartlett, grandfather of William W., was of Scottish origin, and was born in one of the New England States. William W. Bartlett's maternal grandfather, William Windsor (spelled by some Winsor), was born in Smithfield, R. I., October 12, 1779 ; married Eunice Nichols, a native of Thompson, Conn., May 8, 1800. Eunice Nichols was born June 6, 1775. Of this union five daughters were born, viz., Ann Frances, deceased ; Maria, Lucy E., Sally, and Elizabeth. William Windsor was a farmer by occupation. He settled in Campbell, Steuben Co., May 29, 1835, on the farm now owned by his gi-andson, William W. Bartlett. He died Jan. 12, 1866, and his wife died Jan. 2, 1852. William Windsor was a son of Abraham and Nancy Water- man Windsor, and was one of five children. The Windsor family is of English origin, having descended from Joshua Windsor, who emigrated to Anoerica and settled in Providence, R. I., in 1638, and was one of the twenty who paid thirty pounds (the amount of the first purchase of Provi- dence of the natives) on their being admitted equal sharers th'erein with Roger Williams, the first purchaser, and twelve othere who had gone there before. By his writings, which still remain, he appears to have been a man of a religious turn of mind and a man of ability. Prom him have descended a very numerous family, of whom William Windsor was one. Abra- ham Windsor was born March 10, 1756, and died June 27, 1787. Nancy Waterman was born May 1, 1756, and died Feb. 7, 1846. William W. Bartlett came to Campbell, Steuben Co., in com- pany with his grandparents (Mr. and Mrs. William Windsor), May 28, 1835, when but ten years of age. He was reared a farmer, which honorable business he still continues to follow on the same farm which was purchased by his grandfather, William Windsor. He married Esther E. Pixley, daughter of Alanson and Mary Pixley, July 4, 1852. Mrs. Esther E. Bartlett was born at Albion, N. Y., March 22, 1832. Of this alliance eight children have been born, viz., Frances E., deceased ; Ella P., and William W. (twins), Mary E., George McClellan, Cora B., Luther E., and Essie. Mr. Bartlett is one of the largest farmers in the town ; he has some four hundred acres of land. He has made valuable im- provements upon his farm since he has owned it; his farm buildings are substantial, and will compare favorably with the best farm buildings in the county. In politics a life-long Demo- crat, casting his first vote for Martin Van Buren and Charles F. Adams. He has served three terms as assessor of Campbell. Miss Frances E. Bartlett graduated at the academy at Corning, married J. W. Burdick, of Newburgh, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1873, left one daughter, Sarah F., and died Aug. 15, 1876. Mr. Burdick married for his second wife, Miss Ella P. Bartlett. Jan. 20, 1878, and has one son, Julian W. Mr. Burdick is a telegraph operator at Newburgh. ABRAM HOLLENB£CK. /^RS.-ABRAM f^OU.ENBECK. ABEAM HOLLENBECK, son of Joshua B. and Clarissa Hollenbeck, was born in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan. 8, 1830. He is the sea»ncl son in a family of five children. His father was a native of Massachusetts, and removed to New York when a young man. He married Clarissa Marsh, a native of Broome Co., N. Y., about 1826. By this marriage five children were born, viz. : David C, who was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, and lost his life at City Point, Va. ; Abram; Ann E., married D. F. Woodward, of Jasper; Margaret; and Emily, who mar- ried Franklin Velie, now a resident of Campbell. Joshua removed into Steuben County with his family in the winter of 1843, and settled in Thurston, and in the following spring located in Campbell. His business vv;i.s farming. He purchased his farm, now owned by the estate, situated one and a half miles west of Curtis, in 1847, and the following spring settled upon it, his son Abram owning a half interest in the original purchase of one hundred acres. In politics he was a Whig and Republican. He died April 10, 1872, and his wife died Nov. 16, 3 878. Both are buried in the cemetery below Curtis. Abram received a common-school education, and by application to his books has acquired practical business qualifications. He came to Campbell when a boy about thirteen years old with his parents, and has resided there ever since. He is one of the substantial farmers of the town, and well deserves to be ranked among the representative agriculturists of the county. Upon him has developed the care of his parents, though his father died at the age of seventy, and his mother at the age of seventy-six. He owns some two hundred and thirty acres of land west of Curtis, and has made creditable improvements upon his farm. In politics he is a Re- publican. He has held some of the town oflBces, but is not an aspirant after official honors. He married Miss Mary L., daughter of Jacob and Mary Velie, March 5, 1857. She was born in Orange, Schuyler Co., N. Y., Oct. 20, 1836. Her mother, Mary Miller, was born in Ulysses, N. Y., in 1804, and had eleven children, all of whom lived to ma- turity but George W. Velie, the youngest son, who died at Washington, April 29, 1865, while serving his country. Mr. and Mrs. Hollenbeck have four living children — George A., Ruby A., Lydia M., Esther E., — and two deceased. John died While an infant, and Clarissa while quite young. Mr. and Mrs. Hollenl)eck are now in the prime of life, surrounded by an intelligent group of chil- dren and all the necessary comforts of a happy home. TOWN OF CAMPBELL. 211 all our mills, and yet so perfectly navigable during the spring freshets as to afford us a highway to the markets of the outside world. " The result was the development of a branch of industry here which marked all our early history. In winter the choppers were at their work in the woods by early day- light, and the teams were moving to bring in the logs and the spars. Many a ship has plowed the blue sea, and perhaps gone round the world, bearing masts that were cut from these mountains; and the clack of the mills, the screech- in" of the saw-file, the shouts of the teamsters, and the crash of falling trees blended into a music which we all learned to enjoy. " One evil of this branch of industry was that it brought into our ftimilies as working men, and into our town as citizens, a class of rough people ; a still greater evil was that it took men every year into the temptation one meets away from home ; but the greatest evil of all was that in rafting-time it led to such entire disregard of the Sabbath day. The minister who was so audacious as to preach against ' rafting on Sunday' soon heard from his people in a way more forcible than agreeable ; and after our revivals it used to be said, ' Now, if your converts can go down the river and back again without losing their religion they will probably go through.' It was a very severe test, and some failed under it. " One of the good things of the business was the hardi- hood it gave us. This was conspicuous even among the children. I have some illustrations to give on this point, especially in the matter of barefoot children, for which one might challenge the country to find a parallel. It was not that in summer time we went to school, and to Sunday- school, and to meeting barefoot: all the children did that sometimes ; but we had one family of children who went to school all winter without shoes, who would sometimes go with us on the ice to slide, and who, when cold, in.stead of crying or running to the fire, would throw themselves down on their faces, lift their feet in the air, and strike them together till they were warm. This was, indeed, an extreme case among us, but young and old alike were edu- cated to endure hardships and not complain. Men who were in the woods at daylight swinging the axe and handling the frosty log-chains, — men who slept on the rafts, ran the chutes, and held their oars through Kanawagha, — learned to laugh at danger, and taught their children that a little finger-ache was not just the thing to cry for. And when an emergency came, requiring men to do and dare for the country, here were people of just the hardihood to meet the call. " Another thing which this special branch of industry did for us was to stir the public mind, and send men abroad to see the world. There we were, a remote popu- lation, hid away among the hills, far from the great cen- tre of social life, and in just the condition to live and die in contented ignorance of everything beyond the visible horizon. But, when rafting time came, the whole country was shaken. As soon as the snow began to melt and the rivers to rise, an energy was begotten among us which swept everything before it. The old men felt it at eighty, and walked out to the river-banks to see the rafis go by. The little boys felt it at ten, and counted the years till they should be old enough to go down the river, too. And al- most the entire adult male population left home, each year, for the long voyage, and came back to tell us of Northum- berland and Harrisburg, of Port Deposit and Havre de Grace, of Philadelphia and Baltimore, as places they had visited while they were gone." CHURCHES. " FIRST PRESBTTERIAN COHOCTON CONGREGATION" — SO- CIETY OP CAMPBELL AND MOD CREEK. We find the following in an old book of records : "The inhabitants of Campbell town and Mud Creek assembled at Capt. Archa Campbell's on the evening of the 2-ith of December, A.n. 1811, for the purpose of promoting public worship, and appointed Rev. Robert Campbell moderator, and Ralph Malhone secretary. "The inhabitants of Mud Creek, including Mr. Fulton, have this evening agreed to be at one-half the expense for the support of the gospel, and the inhabitants of Campbell town the remainder. " Moved and carried by unanimous vote, that the spot for erecting a house of public worship shall be near the school-house, in the upper district of said Campbell town. " Moved and carried, that a committee be appointed to attend a meeting at the Great Flats, and make trial to get the Rev. Clement Heckman to preach one-fourth of his time. Solomon Campbell, Sr., and David Holmes were appointed as this committee. "Moved and carried, that the above committee be authorized to offer the Rev. Clement Heckman $12.5 per annum for five years as a compensation for the one-fourth part of his ministerial services. " Voted, that the inhabitants of the aforesaid places assemble at the house of F. Stewart, on the third Monday of January next, at one o'clock P.M., for the purpose of forming themselves into a religious society, and transacting all business connected thereto. "Resolved, That the Rev. Robert Campbell give legal notice of the above meeting. "Robert Cisipbei.l, Moderator. " R. MalBONE, Secretary." "At a meeting of the inhabitants of Mud Creek and Campbell town, assembled at Capt. Areha Campbell'.s, on the evening of the 7th of January, a.d. 1812, and appointed Capt. Solomon Campbell moderator and Ralph Malbone secretary. Voted, that the above inhabitants send four delegates to attend a meeting at Post town,« on Friday next, on business respecting getting the Rev. Clement Heckman, " /iesoioeii, That these delegates shall be James Faulkner, James Fulton, Col. David Holmes, and Capt. Archa Campbell. " Voted, that these delegates be authorized to offer the Rev. Clement Heckman for one-fourth of his ministerial labors, at the rate of five hundred dollars per annum, and design the other societies to join them in the offer. " At a meeting of the inhabitants of Campbell town and the settle- ment of Mud Creek, held at the house of Frederick Stewart, inn- holder in said town, by a legal warning, according to law, in order to form into a religious society to support religious worship, held on the third Monday (or 20th) of January, 1812. Voted, that Solomon Campbell be moderator and David Holmes clerk. " Voted, that the name of said society be • The First Presbyterian Cohocton Congregation or Society in the county of Steuben.' " Voted, unanimously, to choose seven trustees for said society. Voted, that David Holmes, Solomon Campbell, Joseph Stevens, James Faulkner, John White, James Fulton, and Frederick Stewart be trustees for said society, and Archa Campbell clerk. Voted, that Frederick Stewart's be the place for holding public worship. Voted, that the trustees of this society do agree with Rev. Clement Heck- man to preach for said society agreeable to former votes of the in- habitants." (Copied from the minutes of S. Campbell, Jr.) "At a society-meeting held at the house of Frederick Stewart, » Painted Post. 212 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. agreeable to adjournment. Voted, that a meeting-house be built at the place before mentioned, in size thirty by forty on the ground, the height not to exceed one story. Voted, that a general invitation be given to the inhabitants to meet for the purpose of hewing the timber for said meeting-house, on Monday, the 3d inst. Meeting closed in due form, March 4, 1812. "AnrnA C.»MPBEi,i., Clerk." **At a meeting of the First Presbyterian Cohocton Society, in the county of Steuben, at the house of Frederick Stewart, on the 26th day of June, 1812, Col. David Holmes was chosen moderator and Solomon Campbell clerit. Voted, we do proceed to build a meeting- house at the place heretofore named. Col. David Holmes voluntarily proposed that he would give the society a title to the said place, and he would, after the e.xpiration of five years, pay the society for the said house, if they then had no further use for it. Voted, unani- mously, to accept said proposals. Voted, that the size of said house be 22 feet by 32 feet and 13-feet posts. Voted, that John White bo authorized to employ a carpenter to do the necessary work on and about the house. Voted, that Obed Nute be a collector for the pur- pose of collecting the several sums subscribed for tlie support of the Rev. Clement Heckman, in Campbell Settlement. Voted, that James Faulkner be a like collector for that part of the society which includes Mud Creek. Voted, that the house of Archa Campbell be the place to hold public worship until otherwise directed by the society, or until the contemplated house be built." At a meeting of the society, Jan. 19, 1813, Asa Milli- ken, Arclia Campbell, and James Fulton were elected trustees for the ensuing year. In 1814 a new board of trustees was also elected, and with this the record closes. PRESBYTEBIAN CHURCH OF CAMPBELL. The first regular Presbyterian preaching began in 1830, in which year Rev. Benjamin B. Smith moved into the town, and was engaged as stated supply. His family occu- pied part of the great red house just below the Narrows, which at that time formed the residence of Joseph Stevens; and his little salary was supplemented by about ten dollars a month, which he received in winter for teaching district school. Mr. Smith held a noted revival in a school-house on the west bank of the river, opposite Gulp's Hill ; and, the attendance going beyond the capacity of the building, a shed was erected against the outside, and the windows taken out between it and the school-room, to accommodate those who could not get in. Many came from a distance to attend this meeting, and there was an unusual religious interest awakened. Soon after this revival. Rev. David Higgins, then of Bath, said to Deacon Jared Stevens, " What will you do with that little handful ? ' and Mr. Stevens answered, " We will make a church of them, and God will take care of it." On the 25th January, 1831, the Presbytery of Bath, then holding its se.ssion at Havana, was applied to for the organization of a Presbyterian Church in Campbell. The request was granted, and Rev. David Higgins, and Rev. Mr. Harmon, and an elder from the church in Painted Post, of the name of Fry, came by appointment to consti- tute the church. They met on the 14th day of February, 1831, for that purpose, in the same school-house where the Four Days' Meeting had been held. It was constituted of seven members, and those mostly received by letter. Six of the seven members were from the Stevens family, viz., Joseph Stevens and Abigail, his wife ; Jared and Jonas, his two sons ; Eliza, his son's wife ; and Mrs. Rhoda Nute, his sister. The seventh was Mrs. Hannah Campbell. Thus began the church, — three men and four women. More came .soon, however ; and the seed-corn planted on that cold February day soon gave token of genuine vitality. On the 6th day of March, 1831, less than one month from its organization, three persons came forward to unite by profession. Their names were Rachel Mulliken, Sarah Campbell, and George Teeple. In about two months more there was a still further accession. Mrs. Lucinda Gaylord, Mrs. Pamelia Pratt, Mrs. Lucy Teeple, and Mrs. Rhoda Ann Nute united by profession ; and Mrs. Hadassah Hor- ton, by letter, from the church in Pulteney, N. Y. In July following eleven more came forward, among whom were Mrs. Sally Ann Knox, wife of W. Douglas Knox, and Aden J. Pratt. Deacon Pratt held the office of deacon of this church for thirty-five years, ending only with his death. In October following there was another accession, Ralph Stevens, Joseph Stevens, Jr., and James Wheat. In November, one more, Plyna Cobb. This completed the year. During that time the church increased greatly : beginning the year with seven members, it closed with twenty-eight. Of the members ten were males. No deaths occurred that year to weaken the little flock, no one asked for a letter of dismission, and no one had to be excommunicated. All that had been gained was saved. Before the year closed the organization was per- fected by the appointment of three elders, Jared Stevens, George Teeple, and Aden J. Pratt. Mr. Stevens had pre- viously been ordained. The other two received ordination on the 6th day of November, 1831, at the hands of Rev. B. B. Smith. Mr. Pratt died in this town, June 29, 1865. Mr. Stevens died at Canton, Mich., in February, 1866. Mr. Teeple died quite recently. The church building was erected in 1833, at a cost of $850. They had a fashion in those days of getting on with a great enterprise without much money ; and, in building a church, every one who had lumber, every one who had a team, and every one who could chop or quarry stone, could pay his subscription easily. Even the builder would be glad to take his pay in produce ; and for gla.ss and nails and paint, a load of boards, or a stick of timber, would pay as well as gold. In the winter of 1832-33, the timber was got out for the frame ; and by the time haying was over in the following summer they were ready for the raising. They raised the building without whisky. The architect and builder was Philip Gettur, son-in-law of John Tanner ; and when the raising day came, he found himself at the head of a force of men and boys from all the country round. The church was dedicated on Thursday, the 5th of No- vember, 1833. Rev. B. F. Pratt, of Southport, preached the sermon. He was afterwards for ten years pastor of the church. Rev. B. B. Smith was the first stated supply. The church changed often, was often without preaching for months together, and often was supplied for only a few Sabbaths in succession. Next after Mr. Smith came Rev. Calvin Bushnell, as r ,=-S>X ', cJ^$-t^^ut (y; y^iayi^^;^ fMOroS Br CvjtMS.COlfHlMi.N.Y. MRS. JOHN P. KNOX. CAPT. JOHN P. KNOX. Among the old pioneer families of Steuben County none is more deserving of an honorable mention upon the pages of the county history than the Knox family. Judge John Knox, father of Capt. John P., was a native of Vermont ; married a Miss Hannah Douglas, of the same State, and removed to Steuben County and settled at Knoxville, in 1796, where he carried on farming, and at the same time was the proprietor of a public house. He was prominently identified with the early history of the county, and held many of its official positions, being justice of the peace and associate judge. His political convictions led him to espouse the cause of the Whigs. He reared a family of eight children, viz., Almira, Wm. D., John P., an infant daughter, Almaria, Hannah, Diadamia W., and Augustus F., seven of whom grew to manhood, and all married, save Augustus F., and had families. Judge Knox was born May 1, 1770, and died at Knoxville in 1854. His wife. Miss Hannah Douglas, was born Feb. 11, 1774. Their son, Capt. John P., was born in Knoxville, July 5, 1800, and died at his home in Campbell, Sep- tember, 1870. His boyhood was spent at home on his father's farm, receiving a common-school education. During the winters he was engaged in lumbering. He married Miss Mary G. Patterson, a daughter of Andrew F. Patterson, of Milton, Northumberland Co., Pa., Feb. 11, 1836. She was born March 4, 1806. Of this union five children were born, viz., John F., who served in the war of the Rebellion, and was captain of Company F, of the 107th Regiment New York Volunteers. He was in many of the hardest battles, and fell a victim by being shot at Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864, and died May 30, 1864; Chas. A., who mar- ried Miss Anna M. Grarrison, of Rockford, 111., is now a resident of Campbell, and is engaged as a farmer and dealer in live stock, and has been engaged in the lumber trade, saw-mill, and grist-mill business; Frances F., married J. G. Terbell, and now resides at Walden, Orange Co., N. Y., and is engaged in farming ; Hannah D., married J. H. Bemis, now resides at Jefferson, Texas, and "is extensively engaged in lumbering; and Robert P., who married Miss Mary Ardell, of Pratts- burgh, and now resides in Woodhull, Steuben Co., and is engaged in the millinery business; besides runs a saw-mill. Capt. John P. settled in Campbell about 1840, and was engaged in the lumber business, and was the owner of a large tract of land. By economy and hard work he made a good property, and was highly esteemed by his neighbors. In politics, a Whig and Republican. He was supervisor of Campbell, besides holding several other town offices. Mr. and Mrs. Knox were members of the Presbyterian Church at Campbell, and Captain Knox always contributed liberally to its support. He was captain of a company in the State militia, and was known as Captain Knox. He was a man who was guided by the principles of right, and reared his family to industry and sobriety. Mrs. Knox died June 1, 1878, and was buried by the side of her husband at Campbell. This short sketch, and portraits above, are inserted by their children in memory of their parents. f TOWN OF CAMPBELL. 213 soon as the church was built. Some special services were held immediately after the dedication, in wliicii he was as- sisted by Rev. John Barton, then of Painted Post. On the evening of Nov. 12, 1833, Mr. Barton had for his subject, " The Fiery Flying Serpents." That was the night of the great meteoric shower, and one of his hearers who retired to rest full of the sermon, awoke in the night and saw the wonderful display. The long trails of light loft behind by the meteors instantly suggested the " Fiery Flying Ser- pents," and for a moment he supposed the old plague had come again. Then recollecting what the Scriptures say in regard to the falling of the stars from heaven, he changed his mind, and, hastily running to a neighbor's house, aroused him with the awful alarm that we had come to the jndgnient-day. Few were so much alarmed at the sight, but nearly the whole town was up and gazing with a certain feeling of awe at an exhibition so unheard of, so imprcfsive, and so grand. At tiie first communion in the new church, Dec. 15, 1833, there was an accession of four persons, on confes.sion of faith. One of the four was Philip Gettur, who built the church ; another was Jane, his wife ; the third was Elijah Dawley, since removed to Wisconsin ; and the Iburth was Ruth Stewart, deceased. The first death iu the church was tiiat of Mrs. Sally Williams, wife of John Williams, of Cooper's Plains, who left this world in hope, Feb. 13, 1834. Rev. Charles Goodrich was the immediate successor of Mr. Bu.shnell, and entered upon his work in January, 1835, and continued about two years. During his ministry there was a powerful revival at Mead's Creek, the influence of which extended into this congregation. Mr. Goodrich was assisted in the work by Rev. Mr. White, of Pulteney, N. Y., a brother of Rev. President White, deceased, of Wabash College. In this congregation the work was greatly assisted by the presence of Mr. Azariah Gregory, a man of extended in- formation, devoted piety, and considerable gift of speech. He died in Chicago about a year later. The next pastor was Rev. James Hotchkin, an admirable specimen of the clergy of the olden time. Ho stood erect, full six feet high, and well proportioned, had a fine fore- head, crowned with hair as white as snow ; was educated, correct, dignified, genial, orthodox ; and when he fell a- preaching or a-praying kept straight on to the end of his subject, without the slightest regard to the whims of his congregation or the tokens of pa.ssing time. His wife, too, was a woman of great dignity and fine character, and the bare presence of such people was elevating and refining. The next pastor was a man of very oppo.site peculiarities. He had a particular antipathy against people who fell asleep in church. Pausing in his sermon, as he saw a man nod- ding, he would say, " Brother A, won't you wake up Brother B ?" At other times he would call out as if the raftmen present were losing their lumber. With all these peculi- arities, however, he was a man of a good deal of ability, of a good, kind heart, and one who seemed intent on doing faithful service. Next in the order of pastors came Kcv. E. D. Wells, of Lawrenceville, Pa. His ministry began in November, 1841, and closed in Juno following, on account of his failing health. Then Rev. Lewis Hamilton was called in to assist iu a series of services, and the whole ripened up into a revival of religion. The favorable acfjuaintance thus formed with Mr. Hamilton led to iiis being invited to take the place made vacant by the retirement of Mr. Wells. In 1844, Mr. Hamilton was succeeded by Rev. Ebcnezer Everett. He was a plain man, but quite a scholar, a serious preacher, and a man of kind heart. In 1846, Mr. Hamilton was called back and was installed pastor. In 1849 he resigned, and Rev. B. F. Pratt became pastor. In the winter of 1859 and 1 8G0, Mr. Pratt's health having failed, he was a.ssisted for a time in his work by Rev. H. M. Johnson. Special services were instituted, and at once the work of the Lord began to revive. On the 15th of Janu- ary, 14 persons were received into the church, by profession ; in April following, 15 more; and among the 29 new mem- bers were several person.s who were at once set forward to take a prominent part in church affair.". Of these, one de- serves particular mention ; I mean the noble young man, Capt. J. Forrest Knox, who was ordained to the eldership in June, 1862, who directly after went into the army, and gave the world the benefit of a Christian example there. He fell, bravely fighting for his country. Of the more recent accessions, and of the several ministers who have served since the retirement of Mr. Pratt, we have not been furnished with sufficient data. The church is in a prosperous condition, and has a fine new edifice, which was finished and dedicated on the 4th of February, 18G8. CAMPBELL METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Among the influential early families who were allied with the Methodist faith and form of worship in this town were those of Robert Bonham and Samuel Cook. Some of the ladies of these families organized the first Sunday-school, and, with the help of such others as they could enlist, kept the school open the year round. Says Rev. Dr. Campbell, " The Methodist people, with characteristic promptness, had brought in their circuit preachers and organized in some form as early as 1827 or 1828." From this period services were held with more or le.ss regularity in the school-house, and differentministers, circuit preachers, and visiting clergy- men officiated from time to time. In 1858, Rev. S. M. Merritt, of the Savona charge, con- ducted a revival here, which resulted in a general religious awakening, and many were converted whose preference of church membership was with the Presbyterians, and who joined that church .it the close of the revival. In 1869 the society purchased the old church edifice of the Presbyterians, and remodeled and refitted it into a neat and commodious house of worship. It was dedicated Jan. 21, 1869, the sermon being preached by Rev. Mr. Searles, of Auburn. J. P. Knox and J. M. Berais donated the lot. The building and repairs cost about $2500. The present trustees are Squire Knowles, John K. Ford, Henry Thorp, Theodore Barrett, and Charles Barrett. Rev. J. C. Stevens, pastor. The present church membership is about 100 ; Sunday- school, 50. 214 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF CAMPBELL. This church was first organized as a branch of the Savona Baptist Church, 1870, in the old school-house of district No. 2. The followinn- 14 persons constituted the original membership : Daniel Clark, Samuel Strait, Mulford Walling, Joanna Walling, Mary A. Clark, M. B. Horton, Evelyn Morse, Boraldus D. Fisk, Benjamin Abel, Emmons Abel, Octavia Abel, Fanny Abel, and Harrison Abel. Rev. J. C. Mallory was pastor of the church at Savona, under whose ministry the organization was effected. It remained in connection with the Savona Church till 1873. Simon Bixby, George K. Bennett, and Josiah T. Burrows wore the first trustees ; Boraldus D. Fisk, Emmons W. Abel, and Samuel Strait, first deacons. Mr. Strait has served as deacon continously ever since; Mr. Abel, after serving several years, resigned, and Simon Bixby was chosen in his place. In 1»73 a lot was purchased and the present neat church edifice erected. Rev. Dr. Clark, of New York, preached the dedicatory sermon. Rev. E. F. Hard, licentiate of the Bath Baptist Church, oflaciated as pastor about a year and a half, and was succeeded by Rev. E. T. Mallory, the present pastor. The present membership is 51. VILLAGE OF CAMPBELL. This village, which is the chief place of business for the town, lies on the Conhocton River, and on the Corning and Rochester branch of the Erie Railroad. It contains three general stores, four churches, three boot- and shoe shops, one tannery, one saw- and grist mill, one planing-mill, one wagon- and carriage-shop, three blacksmith-shops, one harness-shop, one hardware-store and tin-shop, one post- office, two millinery-stores, one meat-market, one jeweler- shop, three physicians, and two clergymen. It has an ex- cellent graded school, and some very fine residences, among which may be mentioned those of John Runner, L. W. Stevens, L. Sutherland, John D. Hamilton, C. II. Bemis, and Col. J. S. McKay. UNION FREE SCHOOL, DISTRICT NO. 2, in the village of Campbell, is graded as primary, interme diate, junior, and senior departments. T. F. Pan"burn, Principal; Miss Kate Bockus, Junior; Miss H. Augusta Hubbs, Intermediate ; Miss A. R. Hubbard, Primary. The number of children of school age in the district is 260 ; attendance, 175. The house is a two-story frame building, surmounted by a cupola which contains a bell. The building is sixty feet square, with a rear extension, and the property valued at $4500. Trustees, C. H. Bemis (^President), A. B. White (Secretary), J. D. Hamilton. Campbelltown Mills, Bemis & McKay, proprietors (C. H. Bemis and James S. McKay). — These mills stand on the Conhocton River, on the site of the former mills of the proprietors, which were erected in 1865, and burned June 20, 1875. The new mills were built by the firm in 1876-77. They are merchant and custom tiouring-mills ; three run of stones, with a capacity of about 300 bushels of grain per day. Mr. Bemis is a native of Massachusetts, and came to the town in 1851. He has ever since been engao-ed in lumbering and milling. Col. McKay came (o this country, when a young man, from Ireland. He has resided in the county of Steuben since 1836, and came to this town from Corning in 1866. The Bemis Steam Saw-Mill was built by Charles H. and J. M. Bemis in 1861. It has a capacity of 10,000 feet of lumber per day. The logs are chiefly hemlock, and brought down the river. The partnership between Charles H. and J. M. Bemis was several years ago dissolved, and the latter, now residing in the city of Buffalo, owns and operates the mill. Tannery of J. D. Hamilton & Co. — Manufacturers of hemlock sole-leather. The yearly capacity of this estab- lishment is 36,000 sides. The building;- was erected in 1857. Since then 670,000 sides have been tanned, valued at $3,000,000. The company use 4000 cords of bark per year, and employ 25 men. They have another tannery of nearly twice this capacity at Emporium, Pa., established in 1866. Mr. Hamilton is a native of Tompkins County, and came to this place with his parents in 1836. His father, Corne- lius Hamilton, carried on shoemaking till his death, in 1850, to which occupation his son was brought up, and naturally became familiar with the leather business in which he has now so large an interest. CURTIS. Curtis is a post-office and station on the railroad, about two miles east of the village of Campbell. About 1835, Col. Balcom, father of Eri Balcom, built a saw-mill on the Conhocton at this point. The site is occupied by the present mill of Daniel B. Curtis, which was built by his uncle, Daniel Curtis, about 1850. A post-office was estab- lished here in 1875 ; Orr Smith, postmaster. District No. 3, at this .place, employs two teachers, and there is a tan- nery owned by Allen Bros., of Rochester, which employs 15 hands. MILITARY record OP CAMPBELL. John Purest Kno.x, 2d lieut., Co. F, lo7th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 5, 1SC2; pro. to 1st lieut. and to capt. ; wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 25 ; died May 29, '64. Joliu M. Clawson, Co. F, 107th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 0, 1862; pro. to Corp., to sergt., to 1st sergt., and to 2d lieut., June 8, 1801; disch. June 8, 1805. Joiin Eccles, 1st sergt., Co. E, Hist Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1802; pro. to lieut.; disch. June 1.^1, 1805. John K. Austin, 141.st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; died May 22, 1864. Sterling Austin, 15lh N. Y. Regt. ; enl. Aug. 31, 1804 ; disch. June 15, 1865. Monroe Ames, 101st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 22, 1802; tatceii prisoner. Thima-s m,\Ui. Win. O. Bowers, Co. F, lUTth Inf. ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. ; disch. July 7, 1865. Charles E. Buck. Amos C. Barrett, 86lh Inf.; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. July 6, 1865. George A. Bemis, Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; pro. to sergt.; disch. June 8, 18G5. Edward Brown, 188th Inf.; enl. Aug. 15, 1864; died Dec. 18, 1864. Isaac F. Bullard, Co. E, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; disch. June 8, 1805. S. C. Bassett, 142d Inf. ; enl. Sept. 7, 1864; disch. June 19, 1865. .John M. Blackman, Corp., Co. I, 80lh Inf.; enl. Oct. 1, 1801; killed July 2, 1862. Andrew Blackman, 86th Inf. ; enl. Oct. 15, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 17, 1864. Jacob Bafsel. Robert T. Bonham, Co. K, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; wounded May 3, 1863. V. Benedict. Loran Barnes, 34th Inf. ; enl. May 10,1861; died from wounds received July 24, 1862. Samuel J. Cornell, Co. F, 107th Inf.; enl. Aug. 6, 1802; disch. July 30, 1865. F. Devillo Cooper, Co. B, 107th Inf. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded May 25, 1864. Harris Devolso Cooper, Co. B, lU71h Inf.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864; died July 7, 1864. William It. Cliristler, l(l7th Inf.; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded, and died March 16, 1805. Helmus Chrisller, 107th Inf. ; enl. Aug. 8, 1802 ; disch. Aug. 9, 1865. TOWN OF CAMPBELL. 215 A. A. Covmnn, IClst Inf ; enl. Aug. 16,1802; wounded July l:!, 1803; disth.Oct. 27, 18e:i. William Ciiok, IClst Inf ; enl. Aug.22,lSG2; disch. Feb.2, 1S05. William Cliristler, 107th Inf.; enl. Aug. 1, I6C2; disch. June 18,1805. William H. C'ooveit, Jr., ISOIh Inf; enl. Sept. 20, 1SC4. J. B. Clark, H8th Inf; enl. Aug. V.i, 1S02; disch. June 25, 1806. John Clark, ]48tli Inf; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; killed June 18, 1864. Albert Cumslork, 1881h Inf; enl. Sept. 3,1804; disch. July 11, 1805. Calvin Cumstock, 188lh Inf ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804 ; disch. July 11, 1805. Lorin Carpenter, 16lh Kegt.; enl. Sept. 6, 1804; disch. June 13, 1866. Abram Carpenter, Co. E, 14)st Inf; enl. Aug. 21, 1802; died J'cb. 21, 1863. F. Carpenter, 141st Inf ; enl. Aug. 21, 1802 ; died June 18, 1804. G. Carpenter. 16th Regt.; enl. Sept. 5, 1804; disch. June 13, 1805. Albert Carpenter, 15lli Regt. ; enl. Sept. 5, 1864; disch. July 2, 1805. Charles Christler, Hist Inf; enl. Aug. 21, 1862; disch. July 21,1866. Job G. Campbell, 147th Inf ; enl. July, 1863; died May 5, 1804. Theodore Deninney, Co. F, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 6, 1802: disch. Nov. 1, 1803. Elanson Dunklee, Co. E, 141st Inf; enl. Aug. 20, 1802; disch. June 27, 1865. James Dunklee, Co. E, 14lBt Inf; enl. Aug. 18, 1802; disch. July 7, 1805. J. C. Devolve, Hist Inf; enl. Aug. 21, 1862; wounded; disch. June 8,1866. H. N. Everts. P. A. Evans, 15th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 5, 1804; disch. July 12, 1865. David Franklin, Co. E, Hist Inf : enl. Aug. 14, 1862; killed May 15, 1864. L. C. F..ster, 1st Kegt. ; enl. May 23, 1805 ; disch. July 27, 1806. James Gurnsey, 107th Inf; enl. July 8, 1862. R. M. Garrison, 35th Inl. ; enl. May 18, 1801. William F. Goodrich, Hlh Regt. ; enl. July 16, 1863 ; disch. Aug. 4, 1805. Alpheus A. Goodrich, Co. E,141stlnf ; enl. Aug. 25, 1862; disch. June 29, 1805. William Greek, Jr., Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. July 6,1862; disch. June 11, 1805. Clarence Hubbard, musician, Co. F, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 0, 1802; pro. to chief musician ; disch. June 8, 1866. D. F. Hathaway, Corp., Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Maryland Heights, Va., Nov. 5, 1862. J. W. Hough, !i7th Inf; enl. July 12, 1863; died June 11, 1864. E. W. Hough, 14th Inf ; enl. July 13, 1803 ; taken prisoner Nov. 26, 1863, and never heard from. William B. Hathaway, 2d Regt.; enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Edward Hammond, loth Regt.; enl. Sept. 20, 1864 : disch. June 2, 1865. Selah Hammond, SOth Inf ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863 ; discli. Juno 27, 1866. Thomas J. Horton, SOth Inf; enl. Aug. 1, 1862; disch. June 2,1866. William W. Hanna, 105th Inf; enl. Aug. 20, 1862; taken prisoner. John G. Hamilton, 8th Uegt. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864 ; disch. July 7, 1805. Silas U. Hamilton, 8th Kegt. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1804; wounded June 17, 1864 ; disch. June 7, 1866. T. F. Horton, Hist Inf : enl. Sept. 1864 ; disch. June 8, 1806. Winslow Jessiip, lOtli Regt.; enl. Oct. 5, 1861 ; died in service. N. E. Jessup, 97Ih Inf ; enl. Aug. 5,1863 ; killed Sept. 14, 1864. Charles F. Jinks, Co. E, 141st Inf ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862 ; disch. June 8, 1865. James N. 'Jinks, lllth Inf ; enl. Aug. 8, 1802 ; killed May 0, 1864. Thomas M. Jinks, Hist Inf; enl. Aug.2, 1804; disch. June 8, 1865. George W. Jump, Co. C, SOIh Inf; enl. Nov. 8, 1861. James Kelly, Co. F, 107th Inf ; enl Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. Juno 19, 1805. Joseph Kiikendiill, 80th Inf ; enl. Nov. 2, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1802. Thomas H. Kirkendall, Co. F, SOth Inf ; enl. Oct. 31, 1801 ; wounded : disch. March 10, 1864. J. M. Kirkendall, Co. F, SOth Inf; enl. Oct. 31, 1S61 ; wounded; disch. Jan. 5, 1863 ; died from wounds. David F. Kimble, Co. F, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; wounded May 3, 1863 ; disch. July 13,1865. William H. Knowlton, 107th Inf ; enl. Jan. 4, 1804 ; disch. July 17, 1866. I. H. Leavenworth, 1st Regt.; enl. Aug. 3, 1863; disch. July 2, 1865. Chester L. Morse, Co. I, SOth Inf; enl. Oct. 1S61 ; disch. July 4, 1865. D. C. Mills, Co. H, 189th Inf ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804 ; disch. May 30, 1865. John G. Miller, Ist Regt.; enl. Aug. S, 1862; wounded on cars coming home ; disch. July 18, 1865. John C. Merrill, Co. I, SOth Inf; enl. Sept. 1, 1801. Francis Millard, 28th Inf ; enl. Sepf 4, 1802; disch. July l:i, 1806. H. D. Millard, 112th Inf; enl. Sept. 6, 1S64; disch. July 15, 1866. Edward Millard, Co. E, Hist Inf ;enl. Aug. 19, 1802; disch. June 19, 1865. Enoch Mack, 1071h Inf ; enl. July 9, 1862. Francis M. Mill-, Co. F, 107tl] Inf; enl. Aug. 6,1862; disch. Juno 8, 1865. Wesley Mcintosh, Co. C, 80tli Inf; enl. Sept. 1801. Albert M..sher, 1st Regt ; enl. July 17, 1863 ; killed in battle. D. Meager, loth Regt.; enl. Oct. 10, 1861; wounded at battle of Antietam. Ambrose Mosier. Andrew Moaier. James B. Nellis, 107th Inf ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded May 25, and died Sept. 7, 1804. Edgar D. Nales, 17th Regt.; enl. July 17, 1803; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. E. Northway, 5th Regt.; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch. June 13, 1805. H. Northway. William Prindle, lotstinf ; enl. Sept. 29, 1864. A. C. Palmer, SOth Inf ; enl. Oct. 1801 ; killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. H. M. Palmer, 14l8t Inf; enl. July 2, 1862. Darius Parker, Hth Regt. ; enl. March 30, 1864. Leander H. Peck, Co. E, Hist Inf; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. April 26, 1864. Lewis B. Robinson, Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. Feb. 1863. J. H. Rumsey, 112th Inf ; enl. Sept. 6, 1801 ; disch. June 13, 1865. Rali.h Stevens. Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 6, 1802; lost a leg at Divllas, Ga. ; disch. March 2, 1865. George W. Stickler, Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 6, 1802; wounded at Pine Ridge. Gilbert 0. Stickler, Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 5, 1862; died Oct. 12, 1862. Peter Slagle, Hist Inf Thomas J. Strait, 14Stli Inf ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; died Dec. 13, 1802. Eraslus Strait, SOth Inf ; enl. Sept. 23, 1804 ; disch. Feb. 18, 1803. Nicholas Smith, Co. E, Hist Inf: enl. Aug. 20, 1802; disch. Feb. 13, 1803. John Scott, ISSth Inf; enl. .Sept. 2, 1804; disch. June 22.1805. Cbas. B. Short, 3d Regt.; enl. Sept. 12, 1864; wounded ; disch. June 10, 1865. S. K. Sawyer, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 9, 1802 ; wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1804; disch. June 18,1805. William H. Spicer, lS9th Inf; enl. Sept. 3, 1864; died at Elmira, N. Y., June 8, 1866. N. Tompkins, 35th Inf ; enl. May 8, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 31, 1802. Lorine Tompkins, Hth Regt.; enl. Sept 10, 1864; died Nov. 27.1864. J. W. Tompkins, :i6th Inf ; enl. May 8, 1.'61 ; d sch. June 13, 1805. Dewitt C. Tolbert, IGlst Inf ; enl. Aug. 21,' 1862. Eli G. Todd, Corp., Co. C, 86th Inf ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Frank Vclie, 107tli Inf; enl. Aug. 4, 1S62; wounded at Dallas, Ga.; disch. June 16, 1805. Geo. W Velie, 189th Inf ; enl. Sept. 16, 1801 ; died April 29, lSr6. William M. Wixon, S6th Inf; enl. Sept. 20, 1861 ; taken piisoner; disch. June 8, 1805. Henry James Wagner, musician, Co. I, SOth Inf ; enl. Oct. 7, 1801 ; disch. Dec. 29, 1802. Henry W. Wagner, musician, Co. I, SOIh Inf ; enl. Sept. 20, 1801 ; disch. July 4, 1865. Hosea Williams, SOIh Inf ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; rc-enl. in 141st Inf ; disch. June 8, 1805. John R. Wyckoff, 180th Inf ; enl. Aug. 27, 1861; disch. June 8, 1865. Parley S. White, Corp., Co. F, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died Nov. 16, 1862, on Blaryland Heights. E. J. Walling, SOIh Inf ; enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. July 4, 1866. F. A. Wright, 107th Inf; enl. January, 1864. C. Washburn, 104th Inf ; onl. Aug. 13, 1864 ; disch. .lune 7, 1866. Henry Wood, 35tli Inf ; enl. May, 1861 ; re-enl. in 86th Inf; wounded May 10, 1864; disch. July 19,180.6. King Foster, Co. H, lS9th Regt.; onl. Sept. 20, 1864. William Goodrich, Co. E, ,60th N. Y. Engineers; enl. Aug. 29, 1861. George Clark, Co. E, 60th N. Y . Engineers ; enl. Aug. 29, 1861. John E. Covert, Co. E, 50th N. Y. Engineers; enl. Aug. 20, 1861. William R. Charles, Corp.. Co. H, .60th N. Y. Engineers ; enl. Aug. 25,1801. Henry L. Mills, Co. I, SOth N. Y. Engineers ; enl. Aug. 17, 1801. John E. Hoag, Co. F, 107th luf ; enl. July 29, 1862. Francis M. Mills, Co. F, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 6, 1802. John Brewer, Co. F, 107th luf ; enl. Aug. 0, 1802. John R. Austin, Co. E, Hist Inf ; enl. Sept. 11,1662. Benjamin M. Babcock, Co. E, Hist Inf ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Franklin P. Carpfuter, Co. E, 141st Inf ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. John Duval, Co. E, 141st Inf ; enl. Sept. 11,1802. James Baird, Co. C, SOth Inf ; enl. Sepf 10, 1S61. Charles W. Brower, Co. C, SOth Inf ; enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Hiram H. Waters, Oo. C, S6th Inf; enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Albert Youmans, Co. F, 86th Inf ; enl. Oct. 2, 1861. James S. Fry, Co. I, SOth Inf ; enl. Ocf 9, 1861. William Gray, Co. I, 861h Inf; enl. Nov. 8, 1861. George Waters, 801h Inf; enl. Sept. 1861 ; killed Nov. 16, 1804. G. T. Youmans. RESIDENTS WHO WENT TO OTHER TOWNS AND ENLISTED. Warren Steward, col., ICth Ill.Cav. ; enl. April, 1801 ; killed at Vicksburg, Miss. William L. Bailey, loOtli N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 21. 1862 ; disch. June 13, 1805. Philander Grimes. Alva Green, 147th luf; enl. Oct. 1803; disch. July. 1804. William Hamilton, 8th Regt. : enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; disch, June, 1865. Charles M. Lee, 141st Inf ; wound.d and discharged. William B. L\icas, 35th Inf ; enl. May, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 1803. George W. Mack, 0th Regt. ; enl. Jan. 14, 1864. A. J. Mack, disch. for wounds. P. H. Mosier, killed. William Mathews, llSth Inf ; enl. 1862 : disch. 1864. Isaac Mathews, 60th Regt. ; enl. 1863 ; disch. 1803. John Nute, died at Jacksonville, Fla. C. G. Prentice, U. S. Navy ; enl. Aug. 13, 1,864; disch. June 21, 1865. L. W. Putman, 50th N. Y. Regt.; enl. ISOI ; disch. June l:i, 1865. J. R. Putman, 2!d Inf ; enl. April, 1801 ; disch. April, 1863. George M. Putnam, 107th Inf ; enl. July 23, 1862. Eugene L. Rendt, 1891h Inf ; enl. Aug. 23, 1864; disch. May 30, 1865. Charles Rice, 78th Inf ; enl. Dec. 9, 1801 ; disch. 1S02. Isaiic C. Seager, 161st Inf ; onl. Aug. 7.1802 ; killed in Tennessee, May 2, 1863. N. T. Smith, 60th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 0, 1864; disch. June 13, 1865. Jason Stevens, 185th Inf; enl. Sept. S, 1864; disch. May 30, 1866. J. F. Vankeuren, SOth Inf; enl. Nov. 0, 1801 ; wounded May 10. 1861; disch. Julv 21, 1865. 216 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN D. HAMILTON. The great-grandfather of the .subject of this sketch was born in Scotland, and came to America, settling in New Jersey, where he reared a large family, of whom William Hamilton was one. He (William Hamilton) was the father of eleven children, — five sons and six daughters, — all of whom lived to manhood and womanhood, and some to ex- treme old age. Of this number Cornelius S. Hamilton was born in Morris Co., N J , July 28, 1799. Early in life he commenced to learn the shoemaker's trade, and followed it through life. He married Miss Rebecca, daughter of John Davis, of Hunterdon Co., N. J., Nov. 29, 1827. She was born in Bethlehem, Hunterdon Co., N. J., April 1, 1805, and left there, in company with her parents, about 1825, and settled in Lansing, Tompkins Co , N. Y., where she became acquainted with her husband, who had left New Jersey some time before and settled in that place. Their children were John D., Jane, Sarah A., and Lewis. They were all born in Lansing. Sarah A. died at the age of twenty. In February, 1810, Mr. Hamilton with his family re- moved to Lawrenceville, Pa., and from there to Dix, Schuy- ler Co., N. Y., and Nov. 2, 1813, settled in Campbell, where he resided till his death. In politics he was a Whig. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton were members of the Pre.sby- terian Church at Campbell. Mr. Hamilton died Feb. 20, 1850, and was buried in the cemetery at Campbell. Mrs. H. is now well advanced in years, and lives with her son, John D. John D. Hamilton was born at Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Nov. 17, 1828. He was reared to industry, and early formed those business habits which have character- ized him through life. He received a common-school edu- cation, but by reading and reflection has acquired a good business education. He commenced life by working on a farm for seven dol- lars per month. He also learned the shoemaker's trade. Before his majority he had made ten trips down the Sus- quehanna as raft,sman, and acted as pilot during one trip. When Mr. Hamilton became of age he commenced busi- ness for himself in the shoe trade at Campbell. In April, 1854, he entered into partnership with S. B. Howell and John G. Curtis, of Painted Post, and built a tannery at Curtisville, and this partnership continued till February, 1857. During this time the company owned a store at Painted Post. . Messrs. Hamilton and Howell sold their interest in the tannery to their partner, John G. Curtis, and his brother, Daniel B. Curtis, and in a few weeks Mr. Hamilton sold his interest in the store to Mr. Howell. In April, 1857, he began building his present tannery. The firm was established under the name of J. D. Hamil- ton & Co., as it has since remained, though Mr. Hamilton has changed partners. In 18GG, Messrs. Hamilton, Curtis & Co. built a very extensive tannery at Emporium, Cameron Co., Pa. In 1870 the firm-name changed to Hamilton, Martin & Co., Mr. Curtis having retired. Mr. Hamilton has been the controlling manager in both tanneries. They give employment to more than ten men continually, and during bark-peeling time they employ some three hundred and fifty or more men. They use about ten thousand cords of bark annually. This company make the purchases of their stock in the city of New York, and sell their leather direct from the tannery. This firm owns several thousand acres of timber land, and is unsurpassed by any other for its credit. Mr. Hamilton aflaliates with the Republican party, and cast his first vote for Winfield Scott for President. He has never held any official position, as his extensive business relations would not allow him to do so. His firm has dealt with large firms in England, Scotland, and Germany, send- ing their leather direct to those firms. He married Harriet D. Lovell, a native of Chemung Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1858. Mrs. Hamilton wa.s born Aug. 25, 1835. They have two children, — Willis L., born April 14, 1860, and Sarah, born Feb. 24, 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton are worthy members of the Presbyterian Church. He has been one of the most suc- cessful business men in Steuben County (See view of his residence on another page of this work.) In all his busi- ness relations he has been actuated by a strict regard for truth and honor. He is a kind, hospitable neighbor, a dutiful son, and an affectionate husband and father. His life shows what can be accomplished by industry, integrity, and perseverance, coupled with those moral principles which lie at the foundation of every truly successful life. DANIEL B. CURTIS. ■ The subject of this sketch is the oldest son of John and Lucy Curtis, and was born in Newtown, Fairfield Co., Conn., March 30, 1826. His father owning and carrying on the business of a tannery, Daniel worked with him until his death, which occurred in 1845. He then continued the business alone until 1849, when he sold out and went to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama, being forty days on the way. He arrived in San Francisco about the 15th of November, 1819, and for the first year was en- gaged in prospecting and mining, and the remainder of his stay in California as a general produce merchant, shipping goods by pack-mules into the mining districts, his head- quarters being at Marysville. He left California in the fall of 1856, and in the spring of 1857 he settled at Cur- tis, Steuben Co., N. Y., having purchased a half-interest in a tannery there. He continued in the business about two years, when he sold out to Messrs. Fitch & Ailing, of Rochester. He then purchased of his uncle, Daniel Curtis, after whom the railroad station of Curtis was named, the saw- mill and farm on which he now resides. The farm contains about four hundred acres. He was married in Bath, N. Y., in May, 1863, to Mary A., daughter of Lucius H. and Susan Y. Brown. They have had four children, Jennie B. (who died when three years old), John S., George H., and Uri B. Curtis. ■s \ '/^^-^-^5^ » if ^MM^fj;-^^*^^ .....Aw.^^-^-- -. -..-.'-.'jfe'JftaaSfe-. RESiDtNCE OF A. J. Carter, Canisteo.New YoRif. "CANISTEO [lOUSC',' JOHN LARFER FffOFRltTOR, CANISTEO, N.Y CANISTEO. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Canisteo was one of the original towns of Steuben County, formed in March, 1796. A part of Troupsburgh was taken off in 1808, Hornellsville in 1820, and parts of Ja-sper and Greenwood in 1827. A part of the town was annexed to Troupsburgh in 1818. It is an interior town, lying a little southwest of the centre of the county, being bounded north by Howard, east by Cameron, south by Jasper and Greenwood, and west by Hartsville. Its sur- face is chiefly a hilly upland, broken by the deep valleys of the streams. The Canisteo River runs through the north- ern part, with a valley half a mile wide, and with hills 450 feet high on each side. The principal creeks running from the south into the Canisteo are Bennett's and Col. Bill's Creeks, flowing through narrow, deep valleys, sur- rounded by steep hills. The .soil is chiefly a clayey and gravelly loam, with rich alluvium in the valleys of the streams ; some of the richest lands in the county b'jing the Bennett Flats, at the mouth of Bennett's Creek. EAKLY SETTLEMENT. ■ The Canisteo Valley was among the earliest-settled por- tions of Steuben County Early in 1788, Solomon Ben- nett, Capt. John Jamison, Uriah Stephens, and Richard Crosley, from the Wyoming region in Pennsylvania, started on an exploring expedition up the western tributaries of the Su.squehanna. They passed up the Chemung and the Conhocton, but finding no land to suit them, crossed over the hills and discovered the beautiful valley of the Canisteo. This valley, about half a mile wide, was bordered by steep hill-sides from 400 to 500 feet high, inclosing a forest of heavy timber for a considerable distance, but terminating in an open flat of several hundred acres, covered with grass " so high that a horse and his rider could pass through it almost unperceived." The explorers decided to purchase two townships on the river, which included the open flats. In the summer of 1789 a company was sent to the flats to cut and stack hay for the cattle which were to be driven on in the fall. The first settlers conveyed their provisions, baggage, and families, from Newtown (Elmira), on a seven- ton boat, while four sons of Mr. Uriah Stephens drove the cattle along the shore. The ascent of the river was no easy task, as frequently they were obliged to cut away the trunks of trees and dams of driftwood to clear a passage for their boat. Sometimes they encountered rapids, when all hands were obliged to go on shore and tow their craft by means of a long rope. Having gained the upper flats, the cattle were turned loose to feast upon the luxuriant grass, while the pioneers proceeded to build a house of logs 2G feet long and 24 feet wide. There was only one room below. Four fireplaces were excavated in the four corners 28 of the room, and with plenty of wood the settlers passed the winter quite comfortably. Two families spent the winter in this log palace, and in the spring two others were admitted, each occupying a corner and arranging their domestic affairs in their own way, with as much good-humor as if their apartments had been separated by brick and mortar. In the spring of 1790, Solomon Bennett, Uriah Stephens, Jr., and Col. John Stephens, with their families, joined the new settlement. They immediately commenced breaking a portion of the open flats. Four yoke of oxen were neces- sai-y to force the old-fashinned plow through the thickly- matted roots of this miniature prairie. After sowing their wheat and planting their corn, they constructed an enormous log fence, inclosing about 400 acres of land. From the present site of the village of Canisteo down to the nest township, about six miles, they laid out twelve lots across the valley, and assigned them by lot to the several proprie- tors.* The first house was built on what has since been known as the Bennett or Pompelly farm. The first families who occupied the place were those of Uriah Stephens, Sr., and Richard Crosby ; then, as we have said, came Solomon Bennett, Uriah Stephens, Jr., and Col. John Stephens, in the spring of 1790. These were followed the same spring by Jedediah Stephens, John Bedford, and Andrew Bennett, making quite an important addition to the settlement. Sol- omon Bennett was one of the leading spirits. He built the first grist-mill on the Canisteo in 1793. It stood on Ben- nett's Creek, about half a mile from its mouth. It was burned in a year or two. Before this mill was built, the settlers carried their grain to Shepard's mill, on the Sus- quehanna, nearly one hundred miles. After the burning of the mill, Mr. Bennett went to New York to procure machinery for another, but became engaged in other busi- ness, and failed to .supply the wants of his neighbors George Hornell, afterwards known as Judge Hornell, set- tled in the upper township, now Hornellsville, in 1793, and was induced to build a mill on the site since known as Hornell's Mills. The settlers were so impatient for its erection that they turned out and prepared the timber vol- 's The lots in Canisteo and Hornellsville were drawn as follows: Canisteo. No. Arthur Erwin 1 Christian Kciss 2 Solomon Bennett 3 Kolomon Ucnnett 4 Joel Thomas 5 John Stephens 6 John Jameson 7 Uriah Stephens 8 Uriah Stephens, Jr 9 William Wynkoop 10 Jatnes lludley .' 11 Elisha Brown 12 IIORSKI.I.SVII.I.E. No. James Hadley 1 John Jameson 2 Arthur Krwin 3 Christian Kciss 4 Joel Thomas 5 Uriah Stephens, .Jr. 6 John Stephens 7 William Wynkoop 8 Uriah Stephens, Sr 9 Solomon liennett 10 Elisha Brown 11 Solomon Bennett 12 217 218 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. untarily. Solomon BenDett kept the first store, and Jede- diali Stephens the first tavern. James McBuniey, of Ireland, first came to Canisteo as a peddler. He bought Great Lot No. 12, in the upper township, of Solomon Bennett, and other lands ; went to Ireland, and upon his return settled some of his countrymen upon his lands. The first birth was that of Olive Stephens, Nov. 18, 1790. The first marriage was that of Richard Crosby and Hannah Baker, and the first death that of Henry Stephens. The early settlers of Canisteo frequently recognized among the Indians, who came to hunt in that vicinity, some of their old antagonists at Wyoming ; but old enmities were generally forgotten, and the savages and settlers lived togetlier on the must amicable terms. Under the old organization of Ontario County, the set- tlement of Canisteo was in the town of Williamsburgh, whicli at that time embraced an indefinite amount of terri- tory in what is now Steuben and adjacent counties. Jede- diah Stephens was the first supervisor of that town, and attended the meetings of the board at Canandaigua in 1794 and 1795. The town-meeting was held at the house of Uriah Stephens, and seven votes were cast. Solomon Bennett is said to have been the captain of the first military company organized in Steuben County. At the time of the first settlement, the Indians were accustomed to come down from Squakie Hill several times a year to engage in horse and foot racing, and other rude sports. At such times the uproar of their festivals made the valley appear like a den of maniacs. The Indians, though "quick as cats" and "limber as snakes," were not a match for their better trained and more experienced antagonists. On these festive occasions the Indians came down with all their households, women, children, dogs, and horses, but conducted themselves with great civility, giving their hosts no cause of complaint. Elias Stephens was a strong, athletic man, and a skillful wrestler. At one time the Indians proposed a wrestling- match between him and a young chief, whom they had selected and trained for the occasion. Mr. Stephens con- sented, and at the first round hurled the young savage to the ground with a broken thigh. The chief's backers were angry, and threatened to kill the victor, but the afliiir was finally made up, and the unfortunate chief was borne from the scene of his defeat on a deer-skin stretched between two poles. The Indians sometimes made a military display, marching forth upon the flats to the number of three hundred war- riors, in full costume, to exhibit the grand war-dance. They made a fire about eight rods long, and paraded around it with hideous chants, and a great clattering of little deer-skin drums. Elias Stephens, by his display of strength and resolution, became an object of respect to the Indians, who well knew that he dared to do all he promised. Fourteen men were once at work in Bennett's mill-yard, when sixteen of the savages came on whooping and brand- ishing their knives, and drove the men from the yard. Mr. Stephens was immediately informed of this raid, and, seizing a club, he hastened to the mill, where the Indians were capering- about and brandishing their knives in great glee. .' Put up your knives, and be off," said he, " or I will beat all your brains out !" The Indians, deeming that discretion was the better part of valor, put their knives in their belts, and quietly walked away. About 1820 a road was opened up Bennett's Creek as far as the point known as the Salt Spring.s. At an early period saline water had been discovered at this place, and several unsuccessful eflforts had been made to manuf;icture salt from the water. The water at the surflice was found not sufiiciently strong, and afterwards an attempt to find good brines was made by boring, but it was finally given up as fruitless. At this place there was a log house at the time the road was opened, otherwise it was entirely wild from William S. Thomas' through. There was a man by the name of Charles Moore, who owned a farm near where Purdy Creek unites with Bennett's Creek. He was among the early settlers, if not one of the pioneers. He was living on this farm as early as 1810, and his family was one well known in the valley of the Canisteo. One of the daughters be- came the wife of Uriah F. Stephens, Esq., and of the daughters of the latter, one is Mrs. David Woollever, of Hornellsville, and another Mrs. William Ilendershott. Mr. Moore also had one or more sons and two daughters, — Mrs. Enoch Ordway and Mrs. Atwell Cook, of Canisteo, — and some of the descendants are still living in the town. The place was afterwards occupied (perhaps owned) by John Moore, who was a relative, but not of the same family. There were two John Moores in the town ; one kept a public-house near Hadley's Eddy, on the river, and was called " Big John," being a large man ; the one who lived on Bennett's Creek was called " Little Johnny," by way of distinction, although he was a man of at least medium size and weight, his only peculiarity being his unusually short legs. Little Johnny lived in 1810 on the turnpike, in a little log house. The place has since been known as the Sweet farm. An old acquaintance, who knew Little Johnny at the time of which we are speaking, describes him as " a man in the best sense of the word, — intellectual, kind, and generous, a good neighbor and a valued citizen." Of Irish descent, he entertained but a small amount of good-will towards the government whose allegiance he had renounced, and he evinced his love and attachment for his adopted country by taking the field in her defense, in the war with Great Britain in 1812. Just before the war he was in Canada, with a friend, and in pa.ssing a fortification he ob- served that some of the pickets were broken off, and he remarked to his friend that " if a person was disposed, he might easily get through them." The remark was over- heard by a sentinel, and soon Johnny and his friend found themselves under arrest. They were taken before the com- manding officer of the fort, who very sternly inquired of Moore if he had made the remark. Johnny replied very frankly, " I did, sir." " And would you try it?"' inquired the officer. " I would, indade, if my country called me," was Johnny's prompt reply. The officer then ofi"ered him large inducements, in British uniform and gold, to enlist in the British service, but Johnny could not be moved from his patriotic loyalty to his adopted country. The next year found him au American soldier in the disastrous battle of Queenstown, where he was wounded and made prisoner. pL^-x^Jr ^^:/'^^-^' GEORGE H. STEPHENS. George H. Stephens was born in Canisteo, on the place where he now resides, June 19, 1803. His grandfather, Uriah Stephens, was a native of Litclifield County, town of Canaan, Conn. ; married Martha Ratlibun, a native of Stonington, Conn. Of this union were born before leaving that State: Benjamin, died in the Revolutionary war ; Mrs. Solomon Ben- nett, Mrs. Daniel McHenry, Uriali, Jr., John, Mrs. Judge George Hornell, Phineas, Elias, Elijah, William, and Benja- min ('2d). The familj' left Connecticut in 1V06, and settled in Stillwater, N. Y. ; afterwards in Northumberland Co., Pa. ; thence to Tioga Point; thence to Newtown, now Elmira, and in 1789 the father and his sons, Uriah and John, explored the Canisteo Valley, accompanied by his son-in-law, Solomon Bennett, and James Hadley. That year, with others, they purchased the upper and lower Canisteo, now Canisteo and Hornellsville, and the same year Uriah Stephens, Sr., settled here with his family ; the others settled the following year. Uriah Stephens, Sr,, was a soldier of the French and Indian war, and in the Revolutionary war his son Uriah, Jr., took his place, and served through the entire war on the Indian frontier in Pennsylvania. Phineas Stephens was in the war of 1812, and ranked as major. Uriah Stephens, Sr., settled on the place now owned by Thomas Hallett, which remained in the family about eighty years, and on which he died, as also did his wife, and they were buried on the farm. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, his wife a member of the Baptist Church, and buth a.ssisted in the or- ganization of the first church and school in the town. This family, whose posterity has become so numerous in the county, was the first to settle and begin the various enterprises of the Canisteo Valley. His father, Uriah Stephens, was very closely allied to the most important public interests of the town and county, was town clerk for several years, justice of the peace for eighteen years, supervisor for twenty years, and associate judge of the county for six years. He was a man of good business ability, temperate habits, and ranked among the prominent men of Steuben County; and his integrity of character, and faithful- ness to duty as an officer of the public, won the esteem of all who knew him. His early education was very meagre, but he possessed much native ability and good, sound common sense. He married Elizabeth Jones in 1785, while in the "Wyoming country, of which union were born three sons and five daughters, — John R. , Mrs. John Ayers, Mrs. Abbott, afterwards Mrs. Bazey Baker, Mrs. Silas Corey, Mrs. Joshua Stephens, Matthew, George H., and Mrs. Jerathmell Powers. Of these children, only the subject of this sketch is living. The father died Aug. 2, 1849, aged eighty-eight. The mother died March 30, 1849, aged eight)'-three. George H. Stephens has followed farming during his life on the farm settled by his father on the Canisteo River. He married Harriet, daughter of Daniel Baker, Sept. 5, 1825. She was born Sept. 6, 1802. Their children are George, Caleb, Paulina (deceased), Shirene, Elizabeth (deceased), Mary, Rhoda (deceased), Mrs. Edwin Foster, and Matthew. Like his father before him, Mr. Stephens is a staunch member of the Democratic party, and for some fifteen years has served the people of his town as asses.sor. He was the first man who joined the Morning Star Masonic Lodge in Canisteo, and has been a member of that lodge for over half a century. Mr. and Mrs. Stephens liave lived happily together for upwards of fifty years, and for some twentj- years of that time have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and contributors to that and kindred interests. They are now among the old landmarks that point back to the early days in the history of the town, and have lived to see schools and churches established, railroads, the telegraph, and modern machinery take their places in advancing civilization. ^^^^ w« L/X-^^n-LAj ^T^^^' NATHAN CROSBY. The Crosby family in Canisteo is of English descent. His grandfiither, Benjamin Crosby, emigrated from Eng- land about the middle of the last century, arriving in New York after a long period of suffering by being cast away, one of the children having starved to death. The family remained in the vicinity of New York until 1789, when Mr. Crosby, in company with several others, explored the Canisteo Valley and purchased the territory that now com- prises the towns of Canisteo and Horuellsville, and thus he became one of the original proprietors of this section of Steuben County. In 1790 he .settled with his family where Hornellsville now is located, and there owned several hundred acres of land. He raised a family of eight children who reached maturity, among whom was Richard Crosby, who was a captain in General Washington's body- guard, and was also ensign in tlie first military company organized. Richard Crosby was with his father when he first visited the Canisteo Valley ; married for his first wife, Hannah, daughter of Jeremiah and Anna Baker, and sister of Hon. Jeremiah Baker, now living in Canisteo. Their children were Benjamin, Benjamin (2d), Hector, Troylus, Mrs. Absalom Travis, Frederick, John, Mrs. Charles Travis, and Samuel. The mother died in 1812, and about 1813 he married Hannah, daughter of Nathan Thomas, of this county. The children by this union are Nathan, Mrs. Elizabeth Hallett, Ulysses, and Robert. The father died about 1822 ; the mother died in 1863, aged seventy-seven. Nathan Crosby was born in the town of Canisteo, Jlarch 26, 1815. He had limited opportunities for an education from books, yet received such parental training as to lay the foundation for a successful business life as a farmer. His father owned a mile square of land in the valley, and was thereby enabled to leave to each of his sons a small farm, which however at the time that Mr. Crosby started business for himself was of little value. In 1836 he married Nancy, daughter of Elijah and Elizabeth ( Moore) Hallett, of Canisteo. She was born Nov. 10, 1820. Their children are Mary (died young), Mrs. Thomas J. SheflSeld, Hiram, George, deceased, leaving a wife and two children, Byron and Lewis L. Hiram was a volunteer, in 1861, of the 86th New York Volunteers, Colonel Bailey commanding ; served three years, and was in the battles of second Bull Run, Wilderness, and all in which his regiment was engaged. Frank Hallett, a son-inlaw (Mrs. Sheffield's first hus- band), was in the same regiment, and met his death at Spottsylvania Court-House, being wounded, taken prisoner, and died as a prisoner of war. Mr. Crosby's life has been spent as a farmer and lumber- man; in the latter business he has been engaged for as many as thirty years of his life, mostly as pilot on the Canisteo, Chemung, and Susquehanna Rivers. He has been a member of the Free-will Baptist Church for over forty years, having been deacon for the last thirty yeai's of this time. He is a Republican in politics, but was origin- ally a member of the Democratic party. JOSHITJ^^ STEIPHEIsrs. Joshua Stephens was born in 1793, and was second child, born in Canisteo, of Jedediah Stephens. He was mar- ried Dec. 29, 1811, to Rhoda, daughter of Uriah Stephens, who was son of the first settler of Canisteo Valley. She was born in 1795, and married at the age of sixteen. This couple first settled by themselves in 1815 on Bennett Creek, then a wilderness, on two hundred acres of land, the property now being owned by his children, and on which three of them now reside. They commenced clearing their land, his wife not only attending to the housework in the rude log house, which now stands on the place, but she often assisted him at the log-pile piling brush, and in the gen- eral work of preparing the land for cultivation. At this time on their farm were scattered Indian wigwams, so that their immediate neighbors were the red men of the forest. Mr. Stej)hens was a warm friend of the Indian, and often befriended them; but other white men were unfriendly, and often had quarrels with them, burnt their wigwams, and tried to drive them away. This so en- raged the Indians that they resolved upon the death of one of their persecutors. Mistaking Mr. Stephens for this man, they shot him in mid-day; he was hunting for his oxen in the woods. His death oc- curred Sept. 20, 1825. The mother and her four children — Elizabeth, Abigail, De Witt C, &^Xx^ MRS. RHODA STEPHENS and George J — were left to meet the obstacles of a life in a new country as best they could, but she proved herself eaual to the emergency. Her courage, ambition, executive ability, and perse- verance made her successful. With the aid of her children she went on clearing the land, fencing and cultivating it. Her eldest son, at the time of the death of his father, was only seven years of age, but the daughters, being older, assisted the mother in her out- door work until the sons were of proper age to use the axe. The incidents, privations, and hard- ships of this family would interest the reader could they be narrated. The mother was a model woman in all her ways, and reared her children to respect and honor her. She lived to care for her children. Devotion to family faintly expresses her love for her children. She died Dec. 10, 1876, being eighty- one years and eleven days old, and lived upon the farm first settled upon after marriage the remainder of her life. The second daughter, Abigail, married Henry Hamilton, of Canisteo j and the oldest son, De Witt C, married Amanda Hamilton, and re- sides on a part of the old homestead. The portraits of George J. and his sister Elizabeth, together with their mother's, accompany this sketch. They now occupy the old home. The former was born May 5, 1824; the latter, Nov. 2, 1812. GEORGE J. STEPHENS. ELIZABETH STEPHENS. / /h ^< Utt t MBS. SI, H, STKPHEXJ^ MORDECAI H. STEPHENS. Jbu. la. l$ia He is SOB orif CVI. MlUnm umL Am Step ha c v aad gnoKbcn ot XTraJb ^eftlMi^ dK fiist sin]«r cif tike Ouusteo ValW. CoL TUlBut Siqnketts wais a Bttiv» of Bawfrl- rauHk. beu^ bon at Ak aMMik of tW Jaaao. Afiril 3S, 1TT7. Hk wifr »«^ 31 BMTK oj 2sow J«sey, K-iira S tke oMOMtiy. He vxs Butnei Ai^. 14. 1797. wi settled m HonelkvilH vImk ke kcnrever Ksided oahr a sIhr tnKv.awl icskoveJ «» Ou^ieo aoMl senjkd ca tke old kowesKad, Bov ovsed W TVaMK Halkn. He wn»< ji &raMr ■»$( of las fife: v:&^ a ref«^ jCMadw KHB of 1^ «ewa. He n^ed :^ {ckael w ^ :^ate ■uGtb: :9exv«i ae sapernskw sevfial \«Kt«: was a akUi of ^reae <«ebl»Btv, sad pama- pMed ia tke TaziiMS esariv tami g p rije:- of kcad ua- pravoMeacs ia d» Kwm. He .fied Not. 4, 1>;5IL Hjs aife died May 6. 1<4T. Tkenr dHUna ai¥ Mrs;. C1m)s Mvx«e de- oat^ed^• ; Bi'apiTa (doMati^ : Ob»>iia& deca^ : Mis. PkiKp Lee. a^^v Mr^ Williua Beaaett. of HwMJlsviUe: Monkcu H..: Mi^ S^ii S. Beckvidk, of Ransts; MllKam B<: Urah, of Eitasae; aad Jolut. died TOQi^. OfcacBik mas ptvniioeat^T ivie:si:ced inui tbe iater- eiss of tke tova aad eowarr, aad «as efetned to rq»- !V£«ii his A>seaibhr «fistiM in ike Scue Lc'^tslataK. Oae bnikcr of CoL ^epkens — Joka — atko laaked as oijkael : aad one kioikHr — Elias — ^«^as na|or. iXCoideou H. i^qpkeas reHaaaed at kooie aatil tke 3^^e i^ tv«9ty~&iar, v^KB ke named Pket«. dn^ier of Uriah U|«», of Ouiisfeo. Ske mas Kira Sept. ax 1S14. He settled oa a pan of die old k o w ertt ad. vkeK ke WBitiaed as a finaer dR wost patt of kis artiw Iwsia^fife. He mas finaethr idcadfied vidi die Tlli% pu^^ and kfes beoB a HMariier of tke R^aAGena paitr siaee ie fewwioa. Sooa afta- kis imiuB y ke bmuae a ■RSiber of tke iJiiasoBie £taieniirr of Oaaistetv ^ad kae keld -ruiciE: oftoK ia dat twdr. He kas heea fer aaay veai^ a aKaaber of tke Honelkville Cka^K ter. Xo. 101, aad a diieetor of tke Somketa Her Masanur Selief Asswiatioa of SSaaiia. His «ife died CWt. tl\ l$7dk IVir duldrea are Meribatk, vko nsids «idi ker &iker : 3risoners to Niagara. After his settlement in this county, Mohawk, the escaped Indian from the slaughter of the ten warriors, often visited him, and the two laughed over that fearful night in the forest. Van Campen is described thus by a writer in 1842: " He is now nearly eighty-five years old, and is still healthy and vigorous. His memory is unusually retentive and his mind remarkably active. Indeed. I have seldom met a man at his age who possessed so much intelligence, activity, and uniform urbanity. I have before me two letters written by him during the past week, which show that his hand trembles not, and that his mind has not yet begun to fail." For these letters, see a little volume entitled " Notices of the Sullivan Campaign and other Documents," published in Rochester in 1842. 222 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. CIVIL LIST. We have given a list of the supervi.sors from 1801 to 1822. The town clerks for the same period vpere Joseph A. Rathbun, 1801-4; James McBurney, 1804-9; John Stephens, 1809-12; Simeon Bacon. 1812; James Mc- Burney, 1813-18; John R. Stephens, 1818-20; Samuel Russell, 1821 ; Uriah Stephens, 1822. TABULATED LIST FROM 1822 TO 1878 INCLUSIVE. Supervisors. 182.3. Wm. Stephens. 1824. " " 1825. " " 1826. " " 1827. Joshua Chapman. IS28. Wm. Stephens. 1829. " 1830. Wm. Bennett. 1831. " 1832. •• 1833. Wm. Stephens. 1834. " " 1835. Elias Stephens. 183fi. " " 1837. " " 1838. Finley McClure. 1839. Daniel Jameson. 1840. " 1841. 11. C. Wbitwood. 1842. '• 1843. Finley McCluie. 1844. " '• 1845. Wm. II. Mead. Town Clerks. Collectors. Uriah Stephens. Nathan Hallett. Joshua Chapman. Elijah Guyon. Uriah Stephens. Nathan Hallett. It ,i Jeremiah Baker. it tl Nathan ILallctt. Moses Hallett. Nehemiah Thomas. Joseph Abel, Obediah Stephens. Ellsha G. Stephens. A. N. Jarvis. Samuel Taylor. Nathan Stephens. Noah Baker. " " D. MeH. Stephens. Jeremiah Baker. *' " Charles Moore. James Moore. Hector C. Baker. John Shearer, Jr. " " De Wilt C.Stephens. Joshua C. Stephens. John W. Stearns. C. H. Stephens. A. H. Athertou. Joshua C. Stephens. De AVitt C. Stephens. Moses Hallett. " N. C. Taylor. Miner Sammons. 1846. " " 1847. Obediah Stephens. Joshua C. Stephens. Wm. Hallett. 1848. ' " Wm. Jameson. 1849. 1850. " " 1851. Hart Eason. 1852. " 1853. Wm. B. Jones. 1854. " 1855. Hart Eason. 1856. " '■ 1857. Joshua C. Stephens. Lucius A. AValdo. 1858. 1859. Lucius A. Waldo, 1860. M. H. Stephens. Miner Sammons. M. H. Stephens. W. AV. Bennett. Abram M. Stephens. Wm. Sammons. Abram M. Stephens. Thomas Hallett. Abram M. Stephens. 1861. Nelson Hallett. 1862. 1863. Wm. H. Mead. 1864. " 1865. N. C. Taylor. 1866. " 1867. George Riddell. 1868. " " 1869. Thomas Hallett. 1870. John H. Brown. 1871. " " 1872. " " 1873. George Riddell. 1874. " " 1875. Miner Sammons. 1876. " " 1877. Albert J. Carter. 1878. Smith Eason. Tim. R. Stephens. Francis Converse. Thos. L. Langley. Henry Bennett. Obed. Stephens, Jr. L. H. Pierce. It tl John H. Brown. tl tl " " Joseph Ashley, Jr. Eli Soule. " " " " Warren T. Davis. " " Edwin E. Baker. George S. Boasted. Harrison Cooley. Delaney King. Andrew Hallett. J. E. McCaig. D. C. Corbett. Terry J. Hiillett. M. E. Burrell. Benj. C. Richey. Abram Stephens. JUSTICES ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE. 1830. John D. Jameson. 1S3I. Elijah Guyon. 1832. Orlando Bridgman. 1833. Jerathmel Powers, Jr. 1834. John D. Jameson, 1835. Obadiah Stephens. 1836. Elijah Guyon. Isaac Jones. 1837. Joshua Chapman. Lucius Gushing. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. Morris Hallett. William B. Jones. Elias Stephens. John Sherer. Jerathmel Powers, Jr. Edmund Cook. William B. Jones. Benjamin Stephens. Joshua Chapman. Jeremiah Baker. Elias Stephens. John Sherer. Daniel D. Davis. William B. Jones. Piiineas 0. Stephens. John H. Brown. John Sherer. B. C. Richey. Pbine.ts 0. Stephens. Edward L. Payne. Robert Boyd. Peter Masten. Phineas 0. Stephens. Robert Boyd. Amos B. Stanton. Charles H. Conklin. 1S59. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1S64. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 187.3. 1874. 1S75. 1876. 1877. 1878. Phineas 0. Stephens. L. P. Weed. John Carter. John H. Consalas. Amos B. Stanton. Benjamin C. Richey. Phineas 0. Stephens. C. Vf. Daniels. John H. Consalus. M. R. Millard. C. W. Daniels. Phineas 0. Stephens. John H. Consalus. Nathan S. Baker. William B Jones. Phineas 0. Stephens. Morgan R. Millard. John H. Consalus. M'illiam B. Jones. George Crosby. William B. Jones. Elijah Hallett. Phineas 0. Stephens. H. S. Beebe. Morgan R. Millard. James B. Hargrave. VILLAGE OF CANISTEO. EARLY HISTORY. In the large open valley vfhere the village is now situated stood anciently a Delaware Indian town, known in colonial history as the " Kanestio Castle." It consisted of about 60 hewed log houses, with stone chimneys in each. This village or castle was the seat of At-wee t-se-ra, the " Dela- ware King," who, in 1765, the year after the destruction of the place by Mont our and Brantj made a treaty with Sir William Johnson, at Johnson Hall, on the Mohawk. Sir William Johnson had sent an expedition under Capt. Montour, in the summer of 1764, and destroyed the place becau.se its inhabitants refused to give up two murderers who had killed two German traders somewhere in the country of the Senecas. The inhabitants of the ancient castle were a mixed set of Indians, of different tribes, chiefly Delawares, fugitive slaves, and deserters from the British army. They had settled in the broad, open valley and built there their strong houses, and, at the time of their destruction, had a considerable number of horses, horned cattle and swine. (See chapter on the Indian Occupancy of Steuben County.) When the first white explorers came here, in 1788, they were attracted by this broad, open valley, and, in conse- quence of its richness and immediate advantages for culti- vation, were induced to purchase the large tract of adjoining lands. Col. Arthur Erwin drew lot No. 1, where the village is now situated, but he exchanged lots with Solomon Ben- nett, who was the first settler in a log house at the Corners, which soon came to be called " Bennettsville." Mr. Ben- nett built the first mill one-fourth of a mile east on Bennett's Creek, to which place he afterwards removed. Nicholas Doughty was the first blacksmith on the site of the village. He was a well-educated German and an excellent citizen. Solomon Bennett opened the first store and kept the first hotel at the village. It is worthy of note that this hotel property has ever since, till within a few yeais, been kept .-^*j 41 THOMAS HALLETr. THOMAS HALLETT MRS. THOMAS HALLETT was bom in Canisteo, this county, April 19, 1830. His great-grandfather, Nathan Hallett, with his family, set^ tied near the centre of the town of Canisteo about 1800, and, although not the first to settle here, is numbered among the pioneers of the town. The Hallett family is of Irish descent, and the ancestors of the family are supposed to have come from the north of Ireland. Not long after their settlement in Canisteo the parents died. His grandfather, Nathan Hallett, Jr., came with his parents to the valley from Groton, Tompkins Co., N. Y., where they had resided ; reared a family of seven sons and one daughter, — John, Nathan, Samuel, Elijah, Isaac, Moses, James E., and Mrs. Thomas Hadley. Of these children only the youngest son, James E., survives, and resides in Canisteo. His father, Moses Hallett, a native of Tompkins County, where the family resided prior to settling in this valley, was. born May 8, 1796; married Nancy Fulton, of Canisteo, born 1800, and now living. Of this union were born seven children, — Mrs. James Ather- ton, Andrew S., Samuel, Thomas, John, Mrs. Giles Morgan, and James, — all living except Samuel. Mr. Hallett, senior, was a farmer by occupation, was in politics formerly a Whig, and as a member of that party was active and ever interested in all local elections and appointments, and in local and State legislation. Highly esteemed for his worth as a citizen of his town, for some twenty-five years he officiated as justice of the peace, and his counsel in cases of arbitration and as a jurist were always given to avoid litigation and promote harmony in the neighborhood. He was also town clerk for several years, and in all his public relations was known as a man of strict integrity. He died March, 1866. Thomas Hallett, son of Moses and Nancy Hallett, spent his minority at home on the farm, and since, besides farming, has engaged in lumbering, and for some fifteen years rafted lumber down the Susquehanna to southern ports. For two years he resided in Kansas, acting as assistant superintendent of the Union Pacific Railroad. On Nov. 5, 1851, he married Sylvia, daughter of Absalom Travis, of Canisteo. Her grandfather, Amasa Travis, was one of the early settlers of the town, and her Grandmother Travis still survives at the age of ninety-five. Their children are Perry J. Hallett, of the law-firm of Burrell & Hallett, of Canisteo, admitted to the bar June, 1877 ; and Thomas R. and Alida M., both deceased. In politics Mr. Hallett is a Republican. As the result of his industry and self-exertion, may be seen on another page of this work a view of his residence, showing one of the finest farm locations in the Canisteo Valley. II TOWN OF CANISTEO. 223 in the Bennett family. It grew into the present brick hotel, known as the Canisteo House, which was built by William Bennett about 1827, and has more recently been added to and greatly improved in size and appearance. Solomon Bennett was succeeded in mercantile busine.is by Dr. Mordecai Hale, who carried on the business some four or five years. The Erie Railway, opened through the Canisteo Valley in 1850, gave this village a station on its through line from New York to Dunkirk, and superseded, for the transporta- tion of its small amount of freight and travel, the old river navigation ; but still Canisteo was only a small rural ham- let, and but for the wise and liberal policy of her citizens in introducing and encouraging manufacturing interests, might forever have remained so. The impulse given to the growth of the place dates from the first establishment of manufac- tures in 1868. In that year the large boot- and shoe-fac- tory of L. Allison was put in operation. This was followed by the various planing-mills, sash-, door-, and blind-factory, chair-factory, and another shoe-factory, and bent-wood- works, so that the aggregate manufacturing interests now amounts to $1,000,000 a year. The effect of these interests on the growth and population of the place is shown in a striking manner by the fact that, in June, 1868, an actual census showed the population of the vil- lage to be only 342 souls ; now the number of inhabitants is over 2000. This is probably the greatest growth of any similar village during the last decade. The manufacturers also brightened up all other interests : large blocks have been erected, a fine banking-house, the hotel raised another story and refitted, the stores supplied with larger stocks of goods, new ones opened, a new school- house built, and two churches remodeled and enlarged to meet the wants of growing congregations. In every way the effects of these various industries are visible, — in the improved streets and sidewalks, the new buildings, and the general air of thrift and activity which pervades the place. INCORPORATION. The village of Canisteo was incorporated under the gen- eral law in 1873. The finst charter election was held on the 17th day of May, 1873, and resulted in the choice of the following officers : Lucius A. Waldo, President ; Mor- timer Allison, L. P. Weed, Smith Eason, Trustees ; Daniel Upson, Collector; William H. Mead, Treasurer. At a meeting of the board of trustees, held May 19, Wil- liam E. Stephens was appointed Clerk ; Hiram J. Colgrove, Police Constable; and Hiram C. Whitwood, Street Com- missioner. The village ofiicers met at the office of Burrell & Soule, May 19, 1873, and took the oath of office, after which the president and trustees organized a board and proceeded to business. ^'Resolved, That the treasurer and collector each give a bond in the penalty of $1500, and that the street commis- sioner and police constable give a bond in the penalty of $500 each." The bonds being given and approved, a survey of the village was ordered by the trustees, and it was voted to raise $500 by tax for the purpose of purchasing a site and erecting a lock-up. At this meeting a set of by-laws and regulations was adopted. Presidents of the Villoge. — 1873, Lucius A. Waldo; 1874, George Davison; 1875, Lucius A.Waldo; 1876, Albert J. Carter; 1877, John E. McCaig; 1878, William J. Bailey. The village was laid out and a map made of it by John H. Consalus, Esq., at the time of the incorporation. Mr. Consalus .settled in the village in 1840, and has been en- gaged in lumber, hardware, and furnace business. CANISTEO ACADEMY. This institution was chartered March 16, 1868, with the following Board of Trustees: Lewis F. Laine, Henry Hamilton, Commodore P. Chamberlain, Nathaniel C. Tay- lor, George Riddell, John H. Consalus, Joshua C. Stephens, Edward P. Bartlctt, Mortimer Allison, Lucius A. Waldo, John Davis, and Richard Allison. The academy building is of brick, three stories, beauti- fully situated on an eminence overlooking the village, of tasteful architecture, and commodious in size and appoint- ments. It was finished and opened in September, 1871, and cost, including furniture, library, and apparatus, $17,500. Two thousand dollars endowment has since been added. The following have been the principal and teachers: Rev. J. S. Bingham and Mrs. Bingham, assisted by Miss Huy- son ; Prof. Ira Sayles, assisted by Miss Lizzie Conderman ; Prof Willington La Monte and Mrs. La Monte; Prof. D. M. Estee, assisted by Miss Ahida Beebe. Trustees. — Rev. L. F. Laine, President; Dr. George Riddell, Vice-President ; W. E. Stephens, Secretary ; John H. Consalus, Treasurer; A. M. Burrell, J. S. Hall, L. Davison, A. Davison, W. H. Mead, Rev. 0. 0. Lothrop, Wm. H. Ordway, John Carter, Smith Eason, M. Allison, L. A. Cook, L. A. Waldo. Attendance for tlie year ending June 28, 1878: males, 38; females, 73; total, 111. CANISTEO GRADED SCHOOL. This school occupies a new wooden building, which was erected at a cost, including furniture, of $60(10. It employs five teachers, as follows : Principal, J. B. Ilargrave; A.ssis- tants. Miss Mary A. Forest, Miss Sarah Lothrop, Miss Ida Whiting, Miss Frank M. Brown. 7/»s?fe.— William B. Taylor. The number of children in the district of school age is 434 : attendance, 350. Assessed value of school property (assessed at one-third) is $178,000 ; value of school property (aside from the academy), $8000 ; expended during the year for teachers' wages, $1500. MANUFACTURES. Of the principal manufacturing interests of the village we give the following summary : Bootr and Shoe-Factory of L. Allison & Co., established by L. Allison, in the spring of 1808. — In 1873, Isaac Alli- son became a partner in the business. This firm manufac- ture hand-pegged boots and shoes, employing from 100 to 110 hands. Their sales have sometimes run up to $300,000 224 HISTORY OP STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. a year, but the general average is $250,000. This was the first boot- and shoe-manufactory in Steuben County, and the first of any kind lu Canisteo, and by its success has prepared the way for many other prosperous enterprises. The Allisons are natives of Honiellsville, in this county. This firm have also a factory for the manufacture of ladies', misses', and children's fine shoes, in the upper story of the fine new brick block on the corner of Depot and Main Streets. This business was established in March, 1874, by Pevear & La Croix, of Lynn, Mass. In Jan- uary, 1877, it passed into the hands of L. Allison & Co., by whom the business is successfully conducted. They employ in this branch about 60 hands, and do each year a business amounting to $75,000. A. B. Verbis' Planing-Mill, Sash-, Door-, and Blind- Factory. — Tills large interest was established on a small scale, as a planing-mill alone, by Mr. Vorhis, in 1868. The year following he put in machinery for sash, doors, etc., and from a small wooden building, in which he first began, he has increased the capacity of his shops, — adding a brick structure of large dimensions, — till he has now the second largest establishment of the kind in the State. The products of this factory are used for the local trade, for the Eastern and Southern, and are quite largely exported to Europe. The shops employ 65 bauds, and the sales amount annually to about $125,000. Chair-Factory, Taylor Bros., proprietors ; Steam Works established in 1874. — The chairs made at these works are exclusively wood-seated, and average in production from 40,000 to 45,000 chairs per year, giving employment to 40 hands, and amounting in sales, annually, to about $40,000. Steam Saw-Mill, L. P. Weed, proprietor. — Built in the spring of 1874, by Mr. Weed. The average amount of lumber sawn at this mill is about 500,000 feet per year. Foundry and jMachine-Shops, H. Carter & Sons. — In 1873, Mr. Carter and Kelsy Bergen started in the manu- facture of agricultural implements, and built the present shops that year. After a few mouths, Mr. Carter bought out Mr. Bergen, and changed the establishment to a ma- chine-shop and boiler- works, adding, since, the manufacture of steam-engines. The proprietors themselves work in the shops, employing an additional force of from 10 to 12 hands, and having ready sale for all the work they can turn out. Sales amount to about $18,000 a year. BANK OP CANISTEO. President, M. Allison ; Vice-President, L. Allison ; Cash- ier, W. W. Ball. This banking-house was established in 1876. It is located in the fine three-story brick block, known as the Bank Block, on the corner of Main and Depot Streets, which was erected by M. Allison, James S. Hall, and Davison and McCaig, in 1875. The bank occupies a fine suite of offices in the cor- ner of the building, on the first floor, and is furnished in first-class style for banking purposes. CANISTEO TIMES. This is a weekly newspaper, started in the village, Jan. 25, 1877, by S. H. Jennings. Mr. Jennings has labored earnestly to make his paper a success, despite the flood of dailies from all the cities. The people of the village and country appreciate the fiict that, aside from all these, they need a local organ, and are giving the enterprising editor and publisher an encouraging support. The T'mie* is inde- pendent in politics, and devoted to local interests. BUSINESS UOUSES. The principal business houses are the following : Dry Goods.— J. Roblee & Co., W. W. Bennett & Co., William Riddell. Dry Goods and Groceries. — Davison & McCaig, Martin 0. Van Delender. Clothing. — Louis Unger. Merchant Tailors. — Schermerhorn & Co., Levi Totten. Groceries and Crockery. — Waldo & Davison. Groceries.— E. E. Stewart, D. C. Corbett, T. K. Brownell. Stoves and Hardware. — 0. 0. Laine, William B. Taylor. Books and Stationery. — A. B. Laine. Undertaker and Furniture. — L. B. Riddell. Druggists and Physicians. — George Riddell & Co. Wagon-Shops. — George Sherman, A. A. Blonroe. Wagon-Makers and Blacksmiths. — Whitwood Bros., George Cooper. Harness-Makers. — James S. Hall. Jewelers. — Bateman .^IcKeane. Hotels. — Canisteo House, H. C. Cheney ; Commercial Hotel, Wilder Rice. T.4.NNERY AND Grist-Mill. — Charles Floher. Marble- Works. — D. P. Crane. distances. Canisteo is three hundred and thirty miles from New York, thirty-seven from Corning, ninety-three from Buffalo, and five miles from Hornellsville, on the main Erie Rail- way. physicians. Among the early physicians was Dr. Daniel D. Davis, who was not only eminent in his profession, but a citizen of prominence aud distinction. Dr. Whitney, also an early practitioner, came to Canisteo about 1830. Dr. C. P. Chamberlain, still residing and practicing here, made his advent to the place about 1845. Drs. George and Le Roy Riddell came with their parents in 1837. They have been from early life identified with Canisteo, and, in addition to their professional duties and labors, also hold a prominent position among the business men of the village. The pres- ent physicans are C. P. Chamberlain, Benjamin Pickett, and M. D. Ellison. LAWYERS. Burrell & Hallett, A. H. Burrell, Eli Soule, and William B. Jones. CHURCHES. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF CANISTEO. In 1836 a Presbyterian Church was first formed in this village, and continued for a few years. < H CARTER & SONS CANISTEO IRON WORKS, CANISTEO, NY . J ij I ' : ^ 1 A ' ,^^^i»a ■w^.v^^.j;; ' ^ ;iiaK5aa«ifeaitai.-:i?«a--^,i ir-nrTymmi'flHtr Bank Block. CANISTED,f(.Y, M.ALLisON,j.s.HALL.DwisoNafJ''CAiG, Props. TOWN OF CANISTEO. 225 On the 2J of July, 1849, Rev. Horatio Pattengill com- menced preaching in Canisteo, and also a part of the time at Ark port. Services were held only occasionally for some time, when the congregations becoming large and the inter- est general, it was decided, in 1851, to have regular preach- ing. Rev. Mr. Pattengill from this time held regular services on each Sabbath. A choir was organized, the ladies formed themselves into a sewing society, a fair was held with profitable results, which awakened an interest in the erection of a church building. Among the foremost in this movement was the late N. C. Taylor, one of the leading citizens of the place for many years, who contrib- uted most liberally to the erection of the church and the support of preaching. No church edifice had yet been erected in the village, and the way was open for the Pres- byterians to go forward with their enterprise without incur- ring denominational jealou.sies. On the 20th of March, 1852, a society was organized and a board of trustees elected, consisting of the following- named persons : B. C. Riohey, N. C. Taylor, William B. Jones, Peter Myers, Thomas J. Magee, and William H. Mead. A lot was purchased of the Pulteney estate, $1360 were subscribed, and the society proceeded to erect a church edifice. The corner-stone was laid in May, 1852, and the house was finished and dedicated Feb. 15, 1853, the addi- tional sum of $325 being raised at the dedication. On the 20th of March, 1853, a church organization was formed, with the following members, viz. : Stephen P. Sturdevant, Harriet P. Sturdevant, Sarah Waters, Joseph Ashley, Ann Ashley, and Henry Ackers. Joseph Ashley, Stephen P. Sturdevant, and Peter Myers were chosen eld- ers ; Joseph Ashley, clerk of session. Oct. 19, 1853, a call was extended to Rev. George Spaulding, who accepted, and was installed pastor, Feb. 7, 1854. He was succeeded, October, 18G0, by Rev. L. F. Laine. Rev. J. H. Brown, present pastor, assumed charge in February, 1874. A bell was procured in 1856, and a spire erected in 1868. In 1877-78, the church was remodeled and enlarged at a cost of $4500. A Sunday-scliool was organized at the beginning, and has continued prosperous. Present number, 225 ; church membership, 112. Present trustees, H. S. Beebe, M. L. Taylor, John E. McCaig, William Riddell, Henry Carter, L. P. Weed. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Rev. John B. Hudson was the pioneer Methodi.st preacher in Canisteo, about the year 1800. He preached in nearly all the houses in the settlement, but chiefly at the residences of Jeremiah Baker and Jedediah Stephens. There was a revival under his ministry, and a class was formed, of whom Jedediah Stephens and Abigail, his wife, Mrs. Cory, mother of Mrs. Abigail Stephens, Jeremiah Baker, Sr., and Anna, his wife, Benjamin Crosby, father of Richard and Reuben Crosby, and his wife, were mem- bers ; and later. Daniel Up.son and Rachel, his wife, Elijah Stephens and Abigail, his wife. This early class continued in existence till the present organization was formed. Jedediah Stephens and Jereiaiah 29 Baker were the earliest class-leaders. The class in those days consisted chiefly of women. Mr. Baker used to go to meet his class to what is now the town of Howard. Jede- diah Stephens was ordained deacon in 1808, and minister in 1812. Jeremiah Baker, now living, son of Jeremiah Baker, Sr., was converted in January, 1818, and united with the church, and was elected steward, and has held the ofiiee ever since — a period of sixty-one years. He was also class-leader twelve years subsequently to joining the church. About the year 1 850 a society was organized and a par- sonage built. Trustees, Jeremiah Baker, Stephen Taylor, John H. Consalus, E. L. Gray, C. P. Chamberlain, and William B. Jones. In 1853 measures were taken to erect a church building, which was finished and dedicated in 1857. Jeremiah Baker, as one of the trustees, had charge of the erection of the edifice. At that time Rev. Chandler Wheeler was preacher in charge. The original cost of the church was $4000. In the summer of 1875 it was enlarged at a cost of $3000. Rev. C. E. Millspaugh was minister in charge. The ministers who have ofiiciated since the building of the church are the following : Rev. Chandler Wheeler, 1856-57; Rev. L. L. Rogers, 1858; Rev. J. M. Park, 1859; Rev. J. Tunon, 1860; Rev. W. A. Bronson, 1861-62 ; Rev. A. S. Aldridge, 1863 ; Rev. Isaac Everetts, 1864-65 ; Rev. N. N. Beers, 1866; Rev. Wesley Cochran, 1867 ; Rev. F. D. Blakeslee, 1868 ; Rev. J. H. Blades, 1869-71; Rev. James Landreth, 1872-73; Rev. C. E. Millspaugh, 1874-76 ; Rev. D. D. Cook, 1877-78 ; Rev. D. W. Gates, present pastor. The church at present numbers 150 members. Value of church property, $8000; attendance at Sunday-school, 150. BAPTIST CHURCH. The first church of this faith and order organized here was a branch of the Baptist Church of Hornellsville. On the 30th of November, 1876, previous notice having been given, a meeting was held in Riddell's Hall for the purpose of organizing a Baptist Church in Canisteo, Rev. D. Van Alstine presiding. It was resolved that " we whose names are hereunto subscribed do now organize ourselves into a regular Baptist Church, to be known as the Baptist Church of Canisteo." T. K. Brownell, Mrs. A. M. Dclaney, Mrs. Lima Covert Sherman, Mrs. L. T. Crane, Mrs. Rosetta Comfort, Mrs. Polly M. Cook, Mrs. Alice Jameson, Le Roy Riddell, Mrs. Emeline Pratt Riddell, Mrs. Elmira A. Pratt, Mrs. Clarissa Wood, Miss Diantha Bertrom, Rev. C. K. Bunnell, Mrs. M. J. Bunnell, Mrs. Adeline Cooley. Rockwell H. Comfort and Dr. Le Roy Riddell were elected deacons, and T. K. Brownell clerk. Rev. C. K. Bunnell has been pastor of the church since Dec. 1, 1876. The Sunday-school was organized in December, 1876, William La Croix, Superintendent. The Sunday-school numbers 80 members ; church membership, 50. The first trustees were Rockwell H. Comfort, Le Roy Riddell, J. W. Allen, T. K. Brownell, John N. Jcfi'ers, John W. Brown, M. S. Parkhill, Lyman A. Cook, and William La Croix. 226 HISTOllY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. The followinjj; constitute the present board : R. H. Com- fort, Le Roy Riddell, T. K. Brownell, J. N. Jeffers, M. S. Parkhill, Norman Roblee, Elmer Walker, B. McKeen, and J. W. Allen. J. N. Jeffers, Superintendent of Sunday-school. MASONIC HISTORY. Evening Star Lodge, now No. 44 (of Hornellsville), was organized in Canisteo about 181G. Its first Master was Rev. Andrew Simpson, who used to travel the forest twelve miles from his home, in Jasper, for a period of about four years, to be present at every regular communi- cation of the lodge. The lodge was subsequently removed to Almond, and thence to Hornellsville, where it still re- mains. (See history of Hornellsville.) After the removal of Evening Star Lodge (we are not informed exactly at what date), Morning Star Lodge, No. 421 (which is now No. 65, its number having been changed upon the reorganization of Masonry, about 1840), was formed at the hou.se of Col. William Stephens, who was chosen the first Master. The lodges of Canisteo and Hornellsville were the only ones in the county which maintained their charter during the period of the Morgan excitement. The archives of the lodge in Hornellsville wore saved by a fortunate conjunc- tion of circumstances by Col. John R. Stepliens, who happened to be passing when they were thrown from the window of the lodge-room by .some zealous anti-Masons. Col. Stephens picked them up and saved them. He and Maj. Thomas Bennett and Bazey Baker met under Maj. Bennett's sign-post for several years, and made their re- turns to the Grand Lodge. In this way they preserved their charter. Morning Star Lodge, No. 65, F. and A. M., of Canisteo, has at present the following officers : H. C. Green, W. M. ; Elias Stephens, S. W. ; Walter Craudall, J. W. ; C. M. Coston, S. D. ; Thomas Dawson, J. D. ; H. E. Buck, Sec. ; L. A. Waldo, Eli Soule, and C. M. Coston, Trustees. ANCIENT ORDER UNITED WORKMEN. The following officers of Canisteo Lodge, No. 29, were installed Monday evening, Jan. 7, 1879, for the ensuing year, viz. : H. C. Beckwith, P. M. W. ; W. M. Crandall, M. W. ; H. W. Johnson, G. F. ; Daniel Rice, Overseer ; G. J. Kinney, Recorder ; R. Whitaker, Financier ; Jerry Burnham, Receiver; James Roblee, Guide; Lewis Neely, I. W. ; F. F. Thomas, 0. W. ; Harrison Crane, Represen- tative to Grand Lodge ; and Smith Eason, Trustee. MILITARY RECORD OF CANISTEO. James Bennett, capt., Co. G, 86th Regt. ; must. Nov. 12, 1861. Nathan S. Baker, 1st lieut., Co. G, 86th Eegt. ; ninst. Nov. 19, 1861. John Fulton, 2d lieut., Co. G, 86lh Uegt.; must. Nov. 20, 1861. Amos B. Stanton, Istsergt., Co. G, 86th Regt.; must. Oct. 7, 1861. Russel B. Taylor, sergt., Co. G, 8Bth Regt.; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Phineua S. Baker, sergt., Co. G, S6th Regt.; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Elislia S. .tones, sergt.. Go. G, 80th Regt.; must. Oct. 7, 1861. Harvey M. Bennett, sergt., Co. G, setli Regt. ; must. Oct. 7, 1861. Franklin Hallett, corp., Co. G, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Lutlioi H. Pierce, Corp., Co. G, SOtli Regt.; must. Sept. 28, 1861. William Thomas, corp., Co. G, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Hiram Crosby, corp., Co. G, 86th Regt.; must, Sept. 28, 1861. Nathan H. Crosby, Corp., Co. O, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. David Hadley, coi-p., Co. G, 86th Kegt. ; must. Sept. 28, 18CI. Reuben W. Millard, Corp., Co. G, 86th Regt.; must. Sept. :3U, 1861. Lewis Burgess, private, Co. G, 86tli Regt.; must. Sept. 28, 1861. James F. Baker, private, Cii, G, 86th Regt. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861. Robert 0. Carr, private, Co. G, 86th Uegt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Wall.ice Chandler, private, Co. G, S6th Kegt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Hascal B. Grah.anis, private, Co. G, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Samuel Hall, private, Co. G, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. John Hall, private, Co. G, 86lh Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Addison Hallett, private, Co. G, 861h Regt.; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Henry Hadley, private, Co. G, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Nathan V. Hallett, private, Co. G, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 28, 18G1. Jefferson Hadley, Jr., private, Co. G, 8Gth Regt.; must. Sept. 28, 1861. James Kilberry, private, Co. G, S6th Regt.; must. Sept. 28,1861. George V. Mattison, private, Co. G, SGth Eogt.; must. Sept. 28, 1861. Alexander Moore, private, Co. G, 861h Regt.; must. Sept. 28, 1S61. James A. Jones, private, Co. F, 179th Regt.; must. May 2.0, 1864. ,\ndre\v McConnell, private, Co. F, 179th Regt.; must. May 25, 1864. Aaron R. Sherman, private, Co. F, 179lh Regt.; must. May 25, 1864. Chauncy Foot, private, Co. F, 189th Kegt.; must. Sept. 30, 1864. I.eander A. Pickhard, private, Co. B, 86th Regt.; must. Sept. 13, 1861. Edwin E. Baker, private, Co. B, 86th Regt.; must. Sept. 10, 1861. Hiram Hallett, private, Co. K, 86th Regt. ; must. .\ug. 30, 1861. Charles K. Ordway, private, Co. K, 86th Regt. ; must. Sept. 10, 1861. Fi edcrick B. Kinner, private, Co. F, 107th Regt. ; must. Aug. 7, 1862. Almon W. Burrell, seigt., Co. K, 107th Regt. ; must. July 31, 1862. Merritt F. Smith, wagoner, Co. K, 107th Regt. ; must. Aug. 12, 1862. Charles E. Baker, private, Co. K, 107th Regt. ; must. July 31, 1862. Asa M. Clark, private, Co. K, 107th Regt. ; must. July 31, 1862. Sylvester Cole, private, Co. K, 107th Kegt. ; must. July 31, 1862. Philander Dawley, private, Co. K, 107th Regt.; must. July 31, 1862. James Fuller, private, Co. K, 107th Regt.; must. Aug. 8, 1862. Edward R. Gay, private, Co. K, 107th Eegt. ; must. Aug. 13, 1862. Ebenezer W. Helmes, private, Co. K, 107tli Kegt. ; must. July 31, 1862. James A. Japhet, private. Co. K, 107th Regt. ; must. ,\ug. 8, 1862. Perry Nicholson, private, Co. K, 107th Kegt. ; must. July 31, 1862. Levi B. Overhiser, private, Co. K, 107th Regt. ; must. Aug. 13, 1862. Martin Sago, private, Co, K, 107th Regt. ; must. Aug. 13, 1862. Shelden G. Tayler, private, Co. K, 107th Regt.; must. Aug. 8, 1862. John Van Dyck, private, Co. K, 107th Regt.; must. Aug. 8, 1862. Samuel Punches, Jr., private, Co. G, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. William A. Bronson, «ipt., Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. David W. Langley, 1st sergt., Co. H, 14l8t Kegt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. De Witt C. Hamilton, sergt., Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. George P. Burnham, Corp., Co. H, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Willard T. Preston, Corp., Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Edwin E. Baker, Corp., Co. H, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Charles C. Austin , private, Co. H, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Jeremiah Archer, private, Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Henry Abbe, private, Co. H, 141st Eegt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. William Barkalow, private, Co. H, 141st Kegt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Joseph M. Brown, private, Co. H, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Albert Butler, private, Co, H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Benjamin B. Buck, private, Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. William D. Brayman, private, Co. II, 141st Kegt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Matthias Converse, private, Co. H, 14]sf Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Thomas Crusen, private, Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Jacob T. Converse, private, Co. H, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Ezra Conrad, private, Co. H, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1S62. William E. Codington, private, Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Alfred Downs, private, Co. H, 141st Regt.; mu.st. Sept. 11, 1862. Erastus Dickey, private, Co. H, 14l3t Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Alfred S. Da.scam, private, Co. H, 141st Eegt. ; muft. Sept. 11, 1862. Warren T. Downs, private, Co. H, 141.st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. William L. Fo.\, private, Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Jefferson Fox, private, Co. H, 141st Regt. ; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Jacob Gresa, private, Co. H, 141st Regt.; must. Sept. 11, 1862. Joseph Howland, private, Co. H, 141st Kegt. ; mn;rist-mill was built by A. B. Breese, pievious to 1832. Christopher Deyo cauie from Greene County to Caton in 1847. His only living son, Alonzo Deyo, a prominent citizen and wealthy farmer, who has done much to advance the interests of his town, occupies a fine residence overlook- ing Caton Centre and the valley below. Dr. Gregory came from Chenango County in 1S26, and settled on the Robbins tract, with his sons, conducting an ashery for several years, making pot and pearl ashes, and supplying the surrounding country with sateratus, or its equivalent. Stephen G. Gregory was one of the early post- masters. In 1842, Dexter Davis, from Orange, Mass., brought the first steam-engine into the town, building a saw-mill and pail-factory in the heavy pines just above the Barnard settlement, employing some thirty hands, and conducting for some years the heaviest manufacturing business in the vicinity of Corning. For years Caton was known only as " Number One," that being its designation in the old survey ; but after Samuel Wormley's tavern was opened, it became known as Wormley, that name being held after the first town election. The name of Caton was derived from that of Kichard Caton, who, with Edward Carroll, of Carrollton, Md., one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, was one of its original land-owners. The only settlement of note in Caton is Caton Centre, near the centre of the town, and seven miles from Corning. It contains three stores, post-office, shoe- and wagon-shop, jewelry -store, Grange Hall, two churches, two blacksmith- shops, a saw-mill, and over fifty residences. Barnard's Mill settlement consists of the usual clu.ster of eight or ten residences, and necessary shops about the mill. ORGANIZATION. At the first annual town-meeting of the town of Worm- ley (now Caton), held at the house of Russell Stanton on the 11th day of February, 1840, the following persons were elected : Supervisor, Amos Lewis ; Town Clerk, Or- lando Gregory ; Assessors, John Gillett, Russell Stanton, Zimri B. Robbins ; Commissioners of Highways, Amos Bonham, Joseph P. Brooks, Horace Wescott ; Commis- sioners of Common Schools, Abram D. Kinney, Amzi English, Joshua Russell; Inspectors of Schools, Naboth C. Babcock, Henry L. Babcock, Henry Stanton; Poormasters, John Griswold, John Spencer; Collector, Thomas Brooks; Constables, Smith Spencer, Josiah B. Bailey, Harvey C. Howe ; Justices, Israel Woodworth, Jacob Robbins, George Wescott, Naboth C. Babcock. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. 1840. Amos Lewis. 1841. .John Gillett. 1842. Naboth C. Babcock. 1843. John Gillett. 1844. Jauics L. Whitney. 1845. 184(1. Amzi English. 1847. Orlanclo Gregory. 1848. " " Town Clerks. Orlando Gregory. Abram Hawvcr. Collectors. Thomas Brooks. James L. Whitney. Henry L. Babcock. .Josiah B. Hiley. Harry C. Howe. VVilliaui Boyer. J. B. Rilev. 1S49. 1850. 1851. 1S52. 185:i. 1854. 1855. 1S56. 1857. 1858. lS5y. 18(10. ISCil. 18(12. I8(i:j. 1804. 1865. 186(>. 1867. 1868. ISO!). 1870. 1871. 1872. 187.3. 1874. 1875. 187U. 1877. 1878. Supervisors. Henry D. Smith. Christian Minier. James Lawrey. (t ii H. D. Smith. C. Minier. D. Clinton Weslcott. P. H. Brown. William D. Gilbert. C. JMinier. Town Clerks. Romeo Recfl. Orliinilo Gregory. Wm. D. (}ilhert. S. C. Skinner. Wm. D. Gilbert, (jeorge Sage. Jr. W. D. Gilbert. T. S. Wolcott. L. G. .Johnson. H. E. Gilbert. W. 1). Gilbert. P. II. Brown. Geo. W. Brown. C. Minier. Albert Gridley. William D. Gilbert. Osceola Gilbert. C. J. Minier. J. n. Rathbun. Levi Force. Edwin C. English. Alonzo Deyo. Abram J. Whilncy Dubois Schutt. G. W. Brown. Wm. D. Gilbert. Harrison Howe. Wm. D. Gilbert. S. G. "N'easie. George W. Brown. Julian Babcock. Wm. P. Howe (3d). W. 0. Matteson. (Atllectors. .lohn W. Sawyer. Jonas Johnson. John E. Wolcott. William H. Brace. John W. Sawyer. Harry N. Howe. .lohn E. Wolcott. Juliu.s M. Lewis. Hiram Sanday. Chas. N. Wolcott. E. Deyo Niver. G. W. Hill. Alonzo Deyo. George W. Brown. E. C. English. John B. Rathbun. Harrison Howe. Victor Kennan. Lewis Wolcott. William M. AVolcott. Farnsworth Gorton. Burtis B. Reed. Joseph N, Thurber. S. G. Vezie. E. G. Woodward. Eli L. Gridley. .JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1840. Israel Woodworth. 1859. William A. Brown Jacob Robbins. 1860. Able Rose. George Wescott. 1861. W. D. Gilbert. Naboth C. Babcock. 1862. Pierce Ilerrick. 1841. Jacob Robbins. Daniel Davis. Naboth C. Babcock. 1863. Levi Force. 1842. Naboth C. Babcock. 1864. Daniel Davis. 1843. Amos Bonham. 1865. Wm. D. Gilbert. 1844. George Wescott. C. Minier. 1845. Benoni Johnson. 1866. .Tesse Buchanan. 1846. James L. Whitney. 1867. Alonzo Deyo. 1847. John Gillett. 1868. Daniel Davis. 1848. Christian Minier. 1869. L. B. Smith. 1849. Benoni Johnson. 1870. Daniel Hitt. 1850. James L. Whitney. 1871. A. Deyo. 1851. N. C. Babcock. Wm. D. Gilbert, 1852. C. Minier. 1872. Daniel Davis. 1863. Benoni Johnson. 1873. Wm. D. Gilbert. 1854. John Gillett. 1874. Daniel Hitt. 1S55. James L. Whitney. 1875. Alonzo Deyo. 1856. S. H. Smith. 1876. Alonzo Day. 1857. E. W. Fuller. 1877. W. 0. Matteson. 1858 R. B. Cole. 1878. Osceola Gilbert. 1859 C. Minier. CHURCHES. The first church in this town was the Presbyterian, they holding service and organizing a Sunday-school in 1824. They continued to hold the meetings in Gilbert's mill and H. D. Smith's barn several seasons, until 1833, when their church was completed. Rufus Howe, his son William, and Stephen L. Gregory, built the church. Rev. Benjamin Harron was the first settled pastor. In the absence of a preacher Deacons Ephraim Hill or Edward Robbins would read a sermon. Rev. David Harrower, Rev. Mr. Higgins, Rev. Dr. Joshua B. Graves, and Rev. Mr. Jones were pa.stors. Levi Gridley was also one of the first deacons. Titus Smith and wife, jMis. Ephraim Hill, sou and daugli- 232 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. ter, and Mrs. Benoni Johnson were among the first mem- bers. The organization ceased to exist about 1854. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. William and Martha Hubbard, who came to Caton in 1831, were the first Methodists in the town. Thomas Wheat, a local preacher, formed the first class, in the year 1833, in the old East school-house (now No. 4), where the first meetings were held. The first members were William and Martha Hubbard, Elizabeth Hubbard, Lewis Gridley, Julia Grifiin, Priscilla Darrow (colored). Afterwards, Amos Bonham, James Davison, Elias Babcock, Enos Smith and wife, Amzi Enjilish and wife, William and Jesse Harrison became members. In 1838 their meetings were held in the North school-house, on the corner of Salter Steele's (now Philip Hubbard's) farm. Rev. Chandler Wheeler preaching Wednesday evenings once in two weeks. Afterwards, meetings were held in Elias Babcock's wagon- house. In 1839 meetings were held in the Presbyterian church. After a powerful revival under Chandler Wheeler, in 1838, the old Methodist Episcopal church was commenced. It was occupied as a place of worship in 1840, but was not dedicated until 1842, 0. Trowbridge, pastor. Enos Smith, Amzi English, and Lewis Gridley were the building com- mittee, who, with Amos Bonham, secured subscriptions. Levi Toby gave the church land. The new church was dedicated Jan. 16, 1868, Rev. Henry Harpst, pastor. It cost $6100. Since the first class was organized, in 1833, thirty-four preachers, with their assistants, have successively proclaimed the gospel here. Six years of pioneer work in school-houses, one year in the old Presbyterian church, twenty-eight in the old Methodist Episcopal church, and nine in the new, make up the forty-four years of our history. Pastors from 1832 to 1878.— Joseph Pearsall, 1832; Joseph Chatraan, 1833 ; Wm. Hosmer, 1835 ; Nathan Fellows, 1835 ; Marshall St. Johns, 1835 ; Ira Bronson, 1836 ; Noble Palmeter, 1836 ; Ira Bronson, 1837 ; S. M. Gorton, 1837. Place of meeting, the old East school- house, now No. 4. Chandler Wheeler, 1838 ; Chas. Davis, 1838. North school-house. First church begun. Ambrose Abbott, 1839. In Presbyterian church. Chas. S. Davis, 1840 (old church occupied) ; A. Hard, 1841 ; C. L. Brown, 1841 ; 0. Trowbridge, 1842 (old church dedicated) ; I. V. Mapes, 1843 ; E. B. Fuller, 1'844 ; E. E. Chambers, 1846 ; Chas. Nash, 1846 ; T. B. Hudson, 1847 ; John Wiley, 1847 ; Alva Jones, 1848 (Caton a station); Job Golden, 1849; A. H. ShurtlefF, 1850; Curtis Graham, 1851 (first parsonage bought); Levi Wood, 1852; J. Jerolamon, 1854; Stephen Merritt, 1856 ; J. Everett, 1857 ; Chas. Bush, 1859 ; H. AVisner, 1861 ; J. Robinson, 1863; J. H. Austin, 1864; H. Row- land, 1866; H. Harpst, 1867 (present parsonage bought); S. H. Auldridge,"1869; J. Jerolamon, 1872; M. F. De Witt, 1873; Wm. W. Hunt, 1875; J. B. Bradbury, 1876-78. The earliest preachers are spoken of as valiant, earnest men, and were warmly welcomed in their semi-monthly visits. They then had large circuits, much travel and labor, with little salary. The local interests were carried forward by the class-leader, who was then the real pastor, while the preacher hurried from place to place, scattering the gospel seed as he went. There are six classes formed in various parts of the town, under separate leaders. Pres- ent membership, about 200. Class- Leaders. — N. D. Davis, Henry Farran, E. Hill, Arad Hunt, L. R. Wheeler, R. Emory. Stewards. — Henry Russell, H. Davenport, Jas. Gilbert, B. L. Gregory, Earl Hill, Frank Howe, Jonas Johnson, Arad Hunt, Jas. Marcy. District Steward. — Bruce L. Gregory. Recording Steward. — Jonas Johnson. Tnistees.—N. D. Davis, Geo. Brown, T. Rhodes, E. Hill, H. Davenport. President of the Board. — N. D. Davis. Clerk. — Geo. Brown. Treasurer. — Thomas S. Rhodes. Rev. Arthur Wescott was a missionary worker ready to go anywhere, and in his earnest, vigorous way drawing large audiences, and leaving a name never to be forgotten. He preached in Caton from 1835 until his death in 1870. THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH has a class of some 15 members, at Barnard's Mill, which was organized in 1865, and is supplied from Lindley and Gibson. Class-Leader, Justus Reed ; Stewards, Mrs. John Havens, Lewis Wood. THE CATON BAPTIST CHURCH. This cliurch was organized at the house of Nelson Wol- cott, Aug. 23, 1832, as the First Baptist Church of Painted Post. Among the first members were Thomas, Ebenezer A., Betsey, and Betsey Ann Miller, Nelson, Charles, and Mrs. J^lizabeth Wolcott, Russell and Eunice Stanton, Syl- vester and Ada Martin, Philo Rowley, W. E. Brace, Anna Champlin, Catherine Butcher, Lois Babcock, Lucy Berry, Abigail J. Brown, and Sarah Babcock. First Trustees, Elias R. Babcock, Charles Wolcott, Ebenezer A. Miller. The pastors were supplied from other charges for a number of years. Among the regular pastors are for 1841, Rev. W. A. Brown ; 1843-47, 1. Woodworth ; 1849, N. Prince ; 1853, W. Jones; 1854, D. T. Lock wood ; 1856, N. Prince; 1857-63, S. M. Brookman ; 1864, J. H. Miles; 1867-70, S. D. Merrick; 1872-73, A. Dickinson. William Sharp, the present pastor, settled in 1874. Present Trus- tees, William B. Miller, James Davison, John Ford. Deacons, William B. Miller, Orrin Gridley, Dubois Schutt, Edmond Strouse. Pre.sent membership, 86. Mrs. Wolcott, aged eighty-seven, is the only one of the original members now living. In 1842 the church was made a separate charge. The first church was located on the brow of the hill west, overlooking the village, its location being still marked by the old cemetery where many of its earlier members have been gathered to rest. The present building was erected in 1852, and is valued at 14000. <2^(^^^nn, fJA/E:y- The paternal grandparent of John Gillett, tlie subject of tlii.s sketcli, was a native of C'onnecticut, and married, Nov. 14, 1754, Abigail Hough, and had a family of nine children, of whom Joseph, the father of Captain John Gillett, was born in Connecti- cut also, and in youth removed to near New Lebanon Springs; then settled in Steuben County, then Painted Post, now Corning, previous to his marriage. He was among the very early pioneers of this county. He married Miss Catherine, daughter of Aaron and Catherine Hunt, of Wyoming, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1795. Miss Hunt was born April 20, 1778, and Joseph Gillett was born Dec. 8, 1771. Of this union nine children were born, of whom Captain John was tlie second son and third child. Captain Joseph was a farmer by occupation. He was one of the promi- nent men of Painted Post ; was magistrate for some fourteen consecutive years, also supervisor of the town. He was a soldier in the war of 181 2, and acted in the capacity of captain. He was wounded in one of the engagements, and was brought home. He died Sept. 29, 1848, and his wife died Oct. 18, 1841. Captain John Gillett was born in the old town of Painted Post, four miles from Corning, toward Elmira, Nov. 15, 1801. He lived with his parents until he was about twenty, Avhen he married Miss Betsey Butcher, daughter of George Butcher, of Luzerne Co., Pa., Dec. 14, 1821. John learned the ii-unsmitli trade when a boy. Mrs. John Gillett was born Jan. 5, 1794. Of this union of Mr. and Mrs. Gillett eight children were born, viz. : George, Wil- liam, Sarah H., Mary E., Catherine E., George (1st), Joseph, and Rhoda M. Of these, George (1st), Sarah H., Catherine E., and Joseph are dead. Mrs. Gillett died July 18, 1869, and Mr. Gillett married his present wife Sept. 16, 1877. Captain John came into Caton in 1822, and settled May 9, 1823, and is one of the oldest settlers of the town, and is living on the same farm he settled on at that early day. He formerly was a Democrat, but of late years he has been identified with the Republican party. Ho has been justice of the peace for eight years, and supervisor for one term, and assessor for eight years ; in fact, he has held nearly all the important offices of his town. For more than fifty years he was pilot dowu tiie Ciiemung and Susquehanna, and was con- sidered one of the best on these rivers, but his prin- cipal business has been farming. He still resides on the " Old Home" where he settled in 1823. He has been one of the leading farmers of Caton, and a man highly respected by those who know him. His present wife is a native of New Jersey, and settled in Steuben County in 1851. Mr. Gillett's two wives iiave been members of tiie Baptist Church, and Mr. Gillett a regular attendant on the same. He was chorister for many years. TOWN OF CATON. 233 MILITARY RECORD OP CATON. Gilltert, Osceola, private, 50th Eng., Co. F ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years ; discli. Jiinei:^, 18G5. Taggart, Nathaniel, private^ Hist Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch. Nov. 24, 1863, for disability. Cleaver, William Henry, corporal, 107tli Inf., Co. I; enl. Aug. 7, 1862, three years ; disch. Jan. 14, 1865. Smith, Emory Osgood, private, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; discli. Nov. 14. 1862. Smith, Thompson Lewis, private, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug. 22, 1864, three years ; discharged. Lomiller, Joseph, pnvate, I6th H. Art., Co. C; enl. Dec. 30, 1863, three years; wounded Oct. 7, 1864, at City Point, Va.; died Dec. 27, 18G4. Veazee, Arthur, private, 107th luf., Co. I; enl. Aug. 7, 1862, three years; wounded May 2.3, 1864, at Dallas, Ga., disch. June 16, 1865. Babcock, Wilson Humphrey, private, 107th Inf., Co. A ; enl. July 16, 1862, three years; disch. June 16, 1865. Smith, Hezekiah Samuel, private, 23d Inf., Co. D; enl. for two years. Smith, Henry Putnam, private, 107th Regt., Co. A ; enl. July 16, 1862, three years; died at Bolivar Heights, Oct. 13, 1862. Everetts, John Sitmnel, private, lo7th Inf., Co. I ; enl. June 16, 1862, three yeai-s ; disch. July 24, 1865. Gilbert, James Abner, private, 23d Inf., Co. D; eul. Oct. 16, 1861, two years; disch. May 23, 18(i3. Gilbert, Dennis Kingsley, private, 23d Inf., Co. D; enl. Oct. 16, 1861, two years; disch. May 23, 1863. Hubbard, Wilbur Fisk, private, 141st luf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 27, 18G2, three years ; died March 27, 1863. Gregory, Seelye Dwight, private, 50th Eng.. Co. H; enl. Aug. 2i, 1862, three years; died Oct. 11, 1864. Pew, Richard, private, 10" th Inf., Co. A; en). July 16, 1862, three years; taken prisoner; disch. June 16, 1865. Ham, Darin-i Daniel, private, 50th Eug., Co. H; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1864. Gorton, Farnsworth, private, 1st Pa. Res., Co. A ; enl. May 25, 1861, three years ; wounded June 30, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1862. Russell, John Emory, private, 50th Eng., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22,1862, three years; disch. June 29, 1865. Miller, Horace Winchester, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, three years; pro. to corporal, Jan. 1, 1862; to sergt., 1863. Howe, Harrison, private, 141st Inf, Co. D; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch. June 26, 1865. Guliver, Clark Davis, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, three years; re-enl. Dec. 20, 1863, three years; pro. to corporal, Feb. 17, 1865; discli. June 13, 1SG5. Guliver, Geo. Washington, private, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, three years; re-enl. Dec. 20, 1863, three years; disdi. June 13, 1865. Jacobs, Edgar, private, 50th Eng.; en!. Jan. 4, 1864, three yeare. Wescott, Charles Byron, private, 50th Eng. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Cragle, William, private, 50th Eng. ; eul. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Worden, Seth M., private, 14th H. Art.; enL Dec. 29, 1863, three years; killed at Cold Harbor. Hooker, Orin, private, 16th H. Art. ; enl. .Ian. 5, 1864, three years. Futy, Patrick John, private, lUth Cav. ; enl. Feb. 12, 1864, three years; taken prisoner at Grove Church and sent to Libby prison. May 11, 1864; pa- roled; died, place unknown. Reynolds, George, private, 10th Cav. ; enl. Feb. 12, 1864, three years; disch. in 1865 for disability. Reynolds, Henry, private, 10th Cav.; enl. Feb. 12, 1S63, three years; taken prisoner at Grove Church and sent to Libby prison. May 11, 1864; paroled Jan., 1865. Tobes, Henry, private, 10th Cav.; enl. Mar. 31, 1863, three years. Brown, James H., private, 179th Inf; enl. Mar. 31, 1863, three years. Cam, James, private, 179th Inf.; enl. Mar. 31, 1863, three years. Moon, Marcus, private, 179th Inf ; enl. Mar. 30, 1863, three yeara. King, Heekman, private, 179th Itif ; enl. Mar. 30, 1863, three years. Macier, John, private, 179th Inf.; enl. April 11, 18G3, three years. Stevens, William, private, 179th Inf. ; eid. April 13, 1863, three years. Morse, Rubert, private, 179tli Inf; enl. April 13, 1863, three years. Cox, Frank D., private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Dec. 29, 1863, three years. Cox, Worden, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; died at Washington, Oct. 5, 1864. Force, Henry Dickerman, private, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug. 11, 1862, three years; disch. June 28, 1865, Fos, George, private, 16l8t Inf.; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, three years; sub. fur Ed- gar H . Brown, Levi Sarth, private, 16l8t Inf, Co. K ; enl. Sept. 6, 1864, one year. Burley, Reamer, private, 16l3t Inf, Co. K ; enl. Sept. 6, 1864, one year. Osborne, George B., 14th H. Art.; enl, Sept. 19, 1864, one year. Collins, John, private; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, three years; sub. for Henry M. Du ryea. McCarthy, Thomas, private ; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, three years ; sub. for Christopher E. L . Silvana, James H., private; enl. Sept. 22, 1864, three years; sub. for Abrani J. Whitney. 30 Wheeler, Minar, private, 16Ist Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept.l2, 1864, one year; disch. July 31,1865. Bnrrell, Francis, private, IGlst Regt.; enl. Sept. 22, 1864, one year. Short, Gideon, private, 161st Regt.; enl. Sept. 22, 1864, one year. Booth, Amasiah, private, 161st Regt.; enl. Sept. 22, 1864, one year. Bissell, William H., private, 4th Cav. ; enl. Sept. 23, 1864, one year. Williams, James, private ; enl. Sept. 23, one year; sub. for Levi Force. Ogle, John, private, 3d Cav. ; enl. Sept. 23, 1864, one year. Moon, John, 16lst Inf; enl. Sept. 12, one year. Orr, Oliver, 50th Eng.; enl, Sept. 12, one year. Degroat, Charles, 50tb Regt.; enl. Sept. 12. Orr, Ira, 50th Regt.; enl. Sept. 12. McCabe, William, private, 179lh Regt.; enl. Sept. 24, 1864, one year. Glace, John, private, 3d Cav.; eul. Sept. 24, 1864. Northnp. William H., 3d L. Art.; enl. Sept. 23. Burnhan, Charles H., 20th Regt.; enl. Sept. 27. Peterson, William, 3d L. Art. ; enl. Sept. 23. Twitmier, Henry W., 3d L. Art.; enl. Sept. 23. Harsbergen, Jacob, 3d L. Art.; enl. Sept. 23. McCirmic, William, l06th Inf.; enl. Sept. 29. Collins, James, 58th Inf. ; ehl. Sept. 30. Allen, Orin, 10th Cav.; enl. Sept. 30. Traverse, Zephaniali, private, ISSth Regt; enl. Sept. 24, 1864, one year. Shill, Adam, l8Sth Regt. ; enl. Sept. 24. Coon, Daniel B., 15th Cav.; enl. Sept. 24. Wilson, John, 15th Cav. ; enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Gridley, Albert Levert, private 50ih Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug. 26, 1861, three years; re-enl. Dec. 25, 1P63; disch. June 13, 1865, Gridley, Pliny Fisk, 50lh Eug., Co. F; enl. Aug. 15, 1864, one year; disch. June 13, 1865. King, Jeremiah Bishop, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862, three years ; disch. June 13, 1865. Never, Etilebert, mnsi.ian, Hist Regt., Co. D; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. Mar. 12, 1863, for disability. Rothbone, John Boldin, 1st lieut,, 141st Inf, Co. I; enl. Aug. 19, 1862, three years; wounded Blay 25, 1864; disch. June 26, 1865. Herrick, Josepli, piivate, 107th Regt., Co, I ; enl. Aug. 7, 1SG2, three years. Ciani, Simon Bolivar, private, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug. 31, 1861, three years ; disch. Sept. 20, 1864. Grey, Juhn, private, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug. 25, 1861, three years; died June U, 1862. Mcintosh, Schuyler Henry, private, 23d Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 23, 1861, two years ; disch. June 13, 1862, fur disability. Wright, Peter, private, Ulst Inf., Co. D; enL Aug. 22, 1862, three years; discli. June 26, 1865. Eldnd, William Horace, private, 16th H. Art., Co. F; enl. Jan. 5, 1864, three years; died Mar. 29, 18G5. Gurusey, George Ransom, private, l(t7th Inf, Co. I ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862, three years; wounded five different times; disch. June 20, 1865. Gorton, William Harrison, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 26, 1862, three years; disch. Dec. 26, 1862. Brace, William Henry, private, 141st Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 16,1862, three years; disch. Feb. 4, 1863. Bnice, Daniel, corporal, 107th Inf., Co. I ; enl. July 15, 1862, three years ; disch. March, 1864. Howe, Francis Sylvester, corporal, 14l8t Inf., Co. D; enL Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch. June 28, 1865. Hill, Stitson Edward, sergt., 50th Eng.; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, three years; pro. to Corp., Jan. 8, 1862; to sergt, Dec. 24, 1862; must, out Sept, 24, 1864. Tliornton, Richard, corporal, lOtli Vet Res., Co. H; enl. Aug. 14, 1862, three years ; wounded July 14, 1864; disch. June 27, 1865. Wilkins, Henry Dart, corporal, 5Uth Eug., Co. H; enl. Aug. 22,1862, three years ; disch. June 13, 1865. Tobey, Charles Luther, private, 15th Eng., Co. C; enl. Sept. 22, 1S64, one year; disch. July 2, 1865. Tobey, John Edwin, private, 97th Inf, Co. II ; enl. July 15, 1863, throe years; taken prisoner, Dec, 1864 ; paroled ; disch, June 6, 1865. Cummins, Clarion Dwight, private, 50th Eng., Co. A; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years; died in Dec, 1864. Cummins, Albert Armintus, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug. 26, 1861, three years; re-enl. Dec. 25, 1863 ; disch. June 13, 1865. Allen, Trobridge, private, 5Uth Eng., Co. H ; eul. Dec. 14, 1861, three years ; disch. Dec. 16, 1864. Brooks, William James, pnvate, 1st L. Art, Co. F ; enl. Oct 1, 1862, three years ; re-enl. Jan. 23, 1865 ; disch. June 23, 1865. Henderson, Elias De Wilt, private, 1st Vet. Cav., Co. B; enl. July 6,1863, three years; disch. Aug. 1, 18G5. Riley, Erastus, private, 50th Eng., Co. L; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Rinnan, Isaac, private, 38th Inf, Co. I; enl. April, 1861, two years; missing at battle of Bull Run ; supposed to be dead. Kinnan, David, private, 24th Cav., Co. K; enl. Nov. 1, 1863, three years; died May 15, 1864, Kinnan, Victor, private, 147th Inf., Co. H ; enl. July 18, 1863, tljree years; was wounded June 18, 1S64. Brooks, John, private, 35th Inf., Co. F; enl. May 1, ISGJ, two yeara; disclf. June 5, '63; re-enl. Aug. 1, '63, 14th H. Art, Co. E ; disch, July 21, '65. Davis, George Henry, private, 141st Inf., Co. E; enl. Aug. 20, 1862, three years. 234 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. rarraiii, Joseph Henr.v, artiflctir, 50th Eng., Co. II; eiil. Aug. 7, 1861, three years; ro-eriJ. Feb. 4, 1SG4. Bnrto, William Shear, private, loth Cav., Co. G ; enl. Feb. 12, 1864, three years ; woumled at While House Landing, May 22, 1864 ; disch. April 8, 18C5. Buchanan, Jesse S., private, 10:id Inf., Co. I ; enl. Jan. 22, 1862, three years ; di.seli. Nov., 18G2, for disability. Miller, Thomas, private, 86th Kegt., Co. E ; enl. Nov. 18, 1861, three years ; disch. May 31, 1802 ; re-enl. IClst Kegt., Co. C, Aug. l:i, 1864, one year ; disch. Aug. 14, 1865. Barber, John, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Ang. 7, 1861 , three years ; killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 11, 1862. Bnchanan, James H., private, 89th Inf., Co. G; enl. Nov. 26, 1861, three ycare; re-enl, Jan. 4, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 3, 1865. Rhodes, nalsey Amos, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862, three years ; disch. June 13, 1865. Davis, JoliTi William, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, three years; re-enl. April 1, 1865, as sub, ; disch. July 25, 18&'», English, Edwin Clark, private, 2:id Inf., Co. D ; enl. Oct, 16, 1861, three yeare ; discli. Nov. 16, 1862. Kelley, Abraham GeorRe, priv.ate, UGth Inf., Co. C; enl. May 1, 18C1, three years ; woumled May 5, 1864 ; disch, Aug. 15, 1865. Gridley, Elanson, private, 57th Pa., Co. D ; enl. Oct. 3, 1861, three yeaTs ; killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 4, 1862. Osborn, Theodore, private, lu7th Inf., Co. I ; enl. Ang. 7, 1862, three years ; wound.-d Miiy 25, 1804, at Dallas, Ga. ; disch. May 23, 1805. Davis, Carl Cris. John, private, 10th H. Art,, Co, C ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863, three years; died May 7, 1864. Strubeck, Edward, private, ]41st Inf., Co, D; enl. Aug. 14, 1862, three years; disch, June 26, 1865, Ellis, Elisha, private, 141st luf ,Co.D ; enl. Aug, 14,1862, three years; wounded and taken prisoner, Lindsley, Levy, private, 141st Regt.,Co. D; enl. Aug. 1,5, 1862, three years; hurt by the bursting of a shell ; disch. June 26, 1805. Wolcott, Jafijl, HofTiuan, private, 23d Inf., Co. D ; enl. April 20, 1861, twoyears ; disch. May 2 i, 1803. Boucher, Uudolpli, private, 23d Inf., Co. D ; enl. Oct. 16, 1861, twenty months ; died Jan. 12, 1802. Boucher, Kobert, private, IGth H. Art., Co. C; enl. Dec, 22, 1S63, three years; died Aug. 9, 1804, Boucher, Henry, private, ICth II, Art,, Co. C ; enl. Dec. 22, 1863, three years ; disch. May 17, 1S65, Herrick, Pierce, private, 1st Pa, lies,, Co. A ; enl. Apr.l 25, 1861, three yeare; diHcli. Gregory, Warren Seelye, sergt., lllllh Inf., Co. E ; enl. Aug, 7, 1862, three yeais ; di-ch. June 5, 1S65. Stook, Henry, private, 10th H. Alt.,Co, E; enl. Dec, 22, 1S63, three years ; disch, June 16, 186,5. Berry, Dexter, private, 107tli Inf., Co. I; enl. Aug, 11, 1862, throe years; hurt by the bursting ofa shell. May 3, 1863, and has been deaf aud dumb ever since. Day, Alonzo, private, 141st Inf, Co. D; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years; disch. June 29, 186.5. Thorji, Henry, private, 14l3t Inf., Co, D ; enl. Aug, 18, 1862, throe years; killed at Peiich-Tree Creek, Ga. Hunt, Thomas, private, G4ih Inf, Co. D; drafted July 17, 1863, three yeare; taken prisoner at Culpepper and sent to Belle Isle, and from there to An- dersonvillc, where he died. Hunt, William, 2d lioul., 14th H. Art., Co. H ; enl. Nov. 24, 1863, thiee years; disch. Sept. 6, 180,5. Bellew, John Barding ; drafted July 17, 1803 ; commuted A\lg. 27, 1863. Barnard, George A.: drafted July 17, 1863, three years ; commuted Ang. 26, '03. Wellman, John Ru-sell, private, 141st Inf., Co. D; eid. Aug. 14, 1862, three years; disch, June 20, 1865. Hardenbcrg, Lyman Moore, private, 107tb Kegt,, Co. I; enl. Aug. 2,1802, three years; disch. June 13, 1805. Hardeuberg, Moses Depew, corporal, 107th Inf, Co. I ; enl. Aug, 11, 1802, three years; disch. June, 1865. Baville, Nicliola.s, private, 141st Regt, Co. D; enl. Aug, 22, 1862, three years; died ^ov. 22, 1803. Rowley, Leonard Bradley, private, 50th En*g., Co. H ; enl. .\ug. 14, 1862, three years; disch. June 13, 1S65. Tbornton, Edward Delos, private, 50th Eng., Co. H; enl. Aug, 14, 1801, three years; died Oct, 20, 1861, Uitdicox, Enoch, private, 16Ist Inf, Co, F; enl. Sept, 7, 1SG4, one year; disih, Sept. 6, 1865. Ilitirhcox, Daniel, private, S6th Regt.; enl. fur three years. Ingle, Seymour, private, 57th Inf, Co. P ; enl. Oct. 3, 1861, three years ; disch. Feb. 10, 1863; re-enl. 12th Pa. Cav., Co. I, Sept. 16, 1864, one year; disch. June 23,1805. Brown, Edwin, private, 141st Inf,, Co, D; enl, Aug, 14, 1802, three years; wounded ; disch. June, 1865. Wescott, I'ulaski De Kalb, private, lll^t Inf, Co. D, enl. Aug, 13, 1S62, throe years; disrh, June 20, 1865. Cfon, Matthew M,, private, 107tli Inf, Co. I; enl. .\ug, 7, 1862, three years; disch. April 11. 1804; re-enl. April 11, 1865, one year. Rowley, Seelye Brown, private, 1st Pa. Res,, Co. A ; enl, June 12, 1861, three years; wounded second Bull Run, Aug. 23, 1862; disch. June, 1864. Rowley, Cicero, private, 107th Inf, Co, C ; enl, Aug. 7, 1862, three years. Rowley, Henry Clay, private, 50th Eng.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three year^; disch. June 27, 1865. Shephard, Itba, corporal, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 4, 1?61, three yeare; re- enl. Feb, 7, 1804, three years; disch. June 13, 1865. Tobey, Gorttin, private, 50th Eng., Co. .\ ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years ; disch, Nov, 7, 1862, on account of being lame. Bruse, Leeland Surck, private, 23d Regt., Co. D; enl. Sept. 23, 1861, three years ; disch. Marcey, Edwin, private, 141st Inf,, Co. F ; enl. .\ng, 18, 1862, three yeare ; died Mar, 3, 1863, at Minor Hill, Va. Elwell, William T., private, 5uth Eng., Co, H; enl, Sept. 18, 1861, three years; re-enl. May 2, 1864. Ham, Seneca T., private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year; disch. Sept, 6, 1805, Honness, Solomon H,, 141st Inf, Co, D ; enl. Aug. 25, 1862, three yeare; disch. Feb. 25, 1803. Lindsle.v, Allen, Jr., private, 18»th Inf, Co. F; enl. Sept. 2, 1864, one year; disch. July 10, 1865. English, William, private, 97fh Inf., Co. A ; enl. Ang. 20, 186.3, three yeare; disch, Aug, 0, 1865. Hill, Sylvester, private, 141st Inf., Co, F; enl. Sept, 14, 1SG4, one yeir; disch. June 8, 1865. Miles, James Nelstm, private, 14tli H, .\rt,, Co, E ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year ; disch. June 3, 1805. Littlefield, James Wallace, private, 12tli Cav , Co. K ; enl, Sept. 10, 1864, one year; disch. June 15, 1865. Rowley, Charles, private, 141st Inf, Co. E ; enl Sept. 14, 1864, one year ; disch. June 20, 1S65. Sawyer, Charles, musician, 141st Regt,, Co. H; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year; disch. Jnne 26, 1865. White, Leroy, private, r2th Cav., Co. H ; enl, Sept. 15, 1864, one year. McCartey, Edward, private, 56th Regt,, Co. I ; enl, Sept. 10, 1864, one year ; disch. Aug. 2, 1865. Bruwn, Lyman, private, 141st Regt,, Co. D; enl, Sept. 14,1864, one year; disch. June 26, 1805. Knox, Horace II,, private, 14th 11, .\rt,, Co, M ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864, one year; disch. June 10, 186.5. English, Bei.jamin Leroy, sergt., 179tli Inf , Co. D;enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year ; pro, to sergt,, Jan. 1, 1865 ; disch. June 8, 1865. Spencer, Harlan Hendby, private, 141st Inf, Co. F : enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year ; disch June 25,1865. White, Ezra Marwin, private, 188th Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 5, 1865, one year; disch. July 1, 1865. Gl idley, John Nelson, private, 141st Begt., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year ; disch. June 26, 1865. Osborn, Luther Washington, private, 142d Inf, Co. E; enl, Sept. 7, 1864, one year ; disch. Wolcott, Samuel Emmett. sergt.-major, 12th Cav., Co. E ; enl. Sept. 14, 1804, one year; disch, June 14, 1865, Piert, J(din, private, 188th Inf, Co, F ; enl. Sept. 27, 1804, one year; disch. July 1, 180.5. Thompson, Lemuel, private, 188th Inf , Co, F; enl, Sept. 10, 1804, one year; disch, July 11, 1805, Tlionison, John, private, 188th Regt,Co.F; enl, Sept. 15, 1864; killed March 29, 1865, at Lewis' Farm, Va. Wheeler, James Horton, private, lOlst Inf, Co, U ; enl. Sept.l6, 1864, one year; disch. June 15, 1865. Kelley, John Struck, private, 16l8t Regt,, Co. K ; enl. Sept. 17, 1864, one year. Brown, Israel Rogers, private, 161st Regt,, Co. K ; enl. Sept. 16, 1864, one year ; disch. May, 1865. Kelley, Charles Edsol, private, lOIst Regt., Co, K ; enl. Sept. 17, 1864, one year ; still in the service. Kelley, Th.addeus James, private, 161st Regt., Co, K; enl. Sept, 10, 1864, one year. Kelley, Uriah, 161st Regt., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year. Widgcr, A Ipbeus Cornell, private, 161st Regt., Co, K; enl. Sept. 17, 1804, one year. Frank, Charles William, private, 161st Inf, Co. F ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864, one year. Hagencamp, Daniel St. John, private; eid, Jan. 4, 1864, three years; disch. May, 1865, Youngs, Joseph Norman, private, 22d Cav,, Co, C; enl, Dec. 16, 1863, three yeare; disch. Aug, 1, 1865, Brace, Daniel, private, 12th Cav,, Co. L; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year; disch. June 19, 1805. Tobey, Joseph Willard, private, 161st Inf, Co. K ; enl. Sept, 12, 1804, one year. Marcey, Job, private, 20tb N. Y. Bat. ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year ; disch. Aug. 5,1805. Wilkins, John Hiram, private, 179lh Regt., Co. D; enl. March 19, 1864, three years; wounded June 17, 1864; disch. Jnne . Tobey, Ransford, private, 179th Inf, Co, A ; enl. March 7, 1864, three years. Tobey, James Darlin, private, 3d L. Art., Co. D; erd. Sept. 29, 1864, one year; disch. Sept. 7,1865. Riley, John Anderson, private, 1st L. Art., Co. F; enl. Sept. 17, 1864, one year; disch. June 20, 1865. Kinnan, Harvey, private, 1st L. Art., Co. F; eid. Sept, 17, 1864, one year; disch. June 20, 1865. ^5??C^^ The subject of this sketch was born in Harring- ton, Litchfield Co., Conn., in the year 1805, Aug. 10. His parents were natives of Connecticut also, and removed to this State (New York), and located at Laurens, Otsego Co., when he was a child. They remained in that county about twelve years, and then removed to Guilford, Chenango Co. William D. remained with his parents until his majority, assisting them in various kinds of business, such as farming, blacksmithing, and lumbering. He received a common school and academic education at Oxford Academy. Mr. Gilbert remained in Guil- ford until 1845, engaged in the mercantile trade and blacksmithing. In 1846 he located at Corning, Steuben Co., and engaged in tlie manufacture of car springs for one Judson Mallory, now deceased. In 1849 he settled in Caton, and opened the first store in said town ; continued in the mercantile trade until April 1, 1875, when he retired from business. He has held many official positions, to the general satisfaction of his constituents. He has been post- master for twenty-five years, justice of the peace eighteen years, supervisor a number of years, and justice of sessions for three terms. His present family consists of a wife and two sons. The oldest son, Rufus H., was born in Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan. 26, 1832. He was edu- cated a physician and surgeon, and graduated at the New York Medical College; entered his profession in said city, and continued to practice until the Re- bellion, when he entered the army as physician and surgeon of a regiment. He was for some time on General Dix's staff, and was appointed medical direc- tor at Fort Monroe. He remained in the service until the close of the war, when he became con- nected with the Central Railroad in New Jersey. He then became engaged in the elevated railroad of the city of New York. He obtained a charter from the Legislature of this State for the road; said road is known as "The Gilbert Elevated and Rapid Transit Road of the City of New York,' named in honor of its renowned projector. Mr. Gilbert is now engaged in that business. The second son, Wm. H. Gilbert, is now a medical student at Ann Arbor, Mich. LUCIUS J. JOHNSON. liENONI JOHNSON. ^\ ~w r>E.\. TITUS S.MITII. MRS. LUCY P. SMITH. COL. FREDERICK BARNARD. MRS. LUCY BARNARD. TOWN OF CATON. 235 Biiclwniin, Morell, private, IGlst Inf., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 2, ISM, one year; disch. July 31, T.SG.5. Buchanan, William, private, 161st Inf., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year ; still in the service. Niver, Ettlelmrt Burgoides, private, lT9th Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year ; wounded April 2, 1865 ; disch. June 7, 1865. Ehodes, Silas Riley, private Ulst Ilagt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 14,1861. one year; disch. June 26, 1.S65. Rhodes, Thomas Henry, private, 141st Regt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 14, 1861, one year. Cram, Dutey Shipper, private, 12th Cav., Co. D; enl. Sept. 11, 1864, one year; disch. June 19, lS6.i. Starner, Daniel, private. Pith Cuv., Co. F; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year; died July 14, 1865. Mcintosh, Schuyler Henry, corporal, 170th Inf., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864, one year; disch. June 16, 1865. Cook, Benjamin, private, lath H. Art., Co. D; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year; disch, June 23, 1865. Thurber, Joseph Nelson, private, ISth Eng., Co. 11 ; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one ye.ir ; disch. June 15, 1865. Gillett, George, private, ISSth Inf, 0.1. F; enl. Sept. 20, 1861, one year; disch. July 1, 18G5. Wolcott, Lewis Alexander, corjioral, 179th Inf., Co A ; enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year; discli. June 8, 1865. &ates, Amasiah Augustus, private, 14th H. Art., Co. E; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year. Niver, Kverett Deyo, private, 141st Regt., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 17, 1864, one year ; disch. Juno 26, 1865. Piney, Henry Augustus, private, 141st Regt., Co. F ; .enl. Sept. 16, 1864, one y6ar; disch. June 25, 1865. Wilkins, Robison, private, 17!ith Inf., Co. A ; enl. Mar. 21, 1803, three years; taken prisoner, July 30, 1864, at Petersburg; paroled Feb. 19, 1865 ; disch. June 2, 1865. Holmes, James Smith, private, 188th Regt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year; disch. July 12,1865. Niver, Weller, private, 12th N. Y. Cav., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year; taken prisoner Mar. 8, 1865, at Kingston, N. C. ; paroled Mar. 25 ; disch. June 2.5, 1865. Miller, William Brown, private, 14lst Inf, Co. F; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year ; disch. June 26, 1865. Gridley, Wesley Prince, musician, 12th Cav. ; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year. Hill, Joseph Gillett, private, 141st Inf., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year ; discli. June 26, 1865. Wolcott, William Maynerd, private, 141st Regt., Co. F; enl Sept. 14, 1864, one yeai-. Wescott, Bailey .Saveril, private, ISSth Inf., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 20, 1863, one year. West, Albert, private, 12th Cav., Co. L; enl. Sept. 14, 1864, one year. Hill, Joseph G., drafted July 17, 1865 ; commuted, Whitney, Oliver W , drafted July 17, 1863 ; commuted. Wolcott, Timothy S., drafted July 17, 1863 ; commuted. Shephard, A. Cleveland, drafted July 17, 1863 ; put in a substitute. Smith, Charles, private ; enl. Aug. 17, 1862, three years. Ferren, Romauzo, private, 50th Eng., Co. H ; enl. Aug., 1861, three years. NAVAL SERVICE RECORD. Wescott, Bailey Saveril, private; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. PHILIP HUBBARD, son of Wm. and Martha Hubbard, was born in Norfolk, England, May 12, 1827. He is one of a family of twelve children, teu of whom lived to be men and women. Of this large family, the five eldest were natives of England, and came to America about 1828 or 1829, settled at Utica, Oneida Co., remained there some two years, and then came to Caton, Steuben Co., N. Y., in June, 1831, and settled on the farm now owned by their son Philip, and which con- tinues to be the home of Mrs. Hubbard. Mr. Wm. Hub- bard was a farmer by occupation. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard were among the first Methodists in the town, and Mr. Hub- bard established the first Sunday-school in Caton, of which he was superintendent. He was instantly killed by the fall- ing of a tree, while in the woods, March 10, 1840, thus leaving a family of ten cliildreu to the care of Mrs. Hub- bard and the older members of the family. By careful management, and strict attention to business, this family was kept together, and received a good education, some of whom have been to tlic higher institutions of learning. It was among these early scenes that Philip grew to man- hood, and at the early age of sixteen he was called to take charge of the family, having spent one year previous at Utica, working on a farm. At the age of eighteen he com- menced to buy out the heirs of his father's estate. In 1851 he purchased fifty acres on the north of the "Old Home," and .some twenty-five acres since, thus making a fine farm of one hundred and fifteen acres of good improved land, on which is one of the best farm-houses in the town, a view of which may be seen elsewhere in this work, with portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard above. He was married to Miss Susan M. Mulks, a native of Tompkins Co., N. Y., Feb. 22, 1854. Of this union, two sons, Wm. and John J. Saxe, were born. In politics, Mr. Hubbard affiliates with the Republican party. Mrs. Hub- bard is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Hubbard is one of the liberal supporters of the same. Mr. Hubbard has greatly assisted his brothers and sisters in getting their education, besides making for himself his pres- ent comfortable home. BENONI AND LUCIUS JOHNSON. Benoni Johnson was born in Harwiuton, Litchfield Co., Conn., and married Miss Rlioda Gilbert, daughter of Jabez Gilbert, of the same place. They had the following-nutued children, viz. : Lucius, Lester L., and llhoda C. The two first were born in Connecticut, and Miss llhoda C. in Cayuga Co., N. Y. Benoni Johnson was a farmer by occupation. Lucius was born April 11, 1812, and re- moved to Cayuga County with his parents about 1815 and there remained some five years, then went to Chenango County, town of Guilford, and remained till August, 1823, when he settled in Caton with his parents. Benoni John- son, however, came the spring before and worked for Elias Babcock, of Caton, and made the purchase of his small farm. After residing some five years at Caton Centre he settled on his farm, and continued to reside there till a short time before his death, when he removed to the Centre and remained with his son the rest of his life. He died Nov. 3, 1870, and his wife died March 29, 1850. Mr. Johnson was a magistrate for several years, and was assessor for one or two years. He and his wife were members of the Pres- byterian Church, but Mrs. Johnson united with the Metho- dist Episcopal Church a few years before her death. Lucius Johnson was reared among the hardships of a pioneer life, and early imbibed those principles of industry and economy which are the cardinal elements of every suc- cessful man's life. He worked on the farm in his younger days, but for more than thirty years he has worked at the wagon-making and carpenter's trades. He left his farm some twenty-five years ago and located in the village. He married Miss Margaret Butcher, of Pennsylvania, in De- cember, 1830. Of this union five children were born, two of whom are dead. 236 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. In politics Mr. Johnson is identified with the Republicai> party. He has held the oflSce of town clerk one year, but never was an aspirant for oflBcial honors. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are worthy members of the Baptist Church of Caton. As a citizen Mr. Johnson is highly respected by those who know him. He is one of the pioneers of Caton. The portraits of himself and father may be seen elsewhere in this work. DEACON TITUS SMITH, son of Simeon Smith, of Vermont, was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., Nov. 16, 1801. He was reared upon a farm and followed that occupation through life. Mr. Smith was one of the early settlers of Caton, having settled here about 1822 or 1823. He married Miss Lucy P., daughter of Elias Babcock, of Caton, Nov. 2, 1824. The fruit of this union has been seven children, viz., Emory O., Lewis B., Simeon S., Lucinda R., Jas. P., Enos S., and Thomp- son L. Emory O., Simeon S., and Thompson L. served in the late war, in the 50th Regiment New York Volun- teers, and were honorably discharged. When Mr. Smith settled in Caton he located on the farm now owned by his son, Enos S. Smith, and was one of the leading farmers of the town of Caton. He united with the Presbyterian Church when young, and was ever active in religious matters. He was deacon for a great many years, and often officiated in the minister's place. He was a great anti-slavery man, and three of his sons served in the war. He was one of the first in the county to sign the temperance pledge. He was peculiarly zealous in the Sunday-school work, and was at his post of duty when he was seized with a mortal disease which soon re- sulted in his death, Oct. 22, 1865. The general manifes- tation of sympathy exhibited by the neighbors on the day of the funeral was a striking illustration of the esteem and confidence held for him by the community, generally, as one of the noble pioneers of Caton. His memory is cher- ished by his many children and widow. He never was an aspirant for political honors. Mrs. Smith (formerly Lucy P. Babcock) was born in Stonington, Conn., July 20, 1804, and settled at Caton with her parents about 1823. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is now living with her daughter, Mrs. Lucinda S. Richards, in Caton. COL. FREDERICK BARNARD, son of William Barnard, was born in Milford, Otsego Co., N. Y., Aug. 10, 1802, his parents being among the pioneers of Otsego County. Col. ¥. Barnard was reared on the farm. He married Miss Lucy, daughter of Col. Gershom Wilcox, Jan. 1, 1824. Miss Lucy Wilcox was born in Canaan, Litchfield Co., Conn., April 12, 1803, and in 1806 removed to Otsego County with her parents, who were also pioneers of New Lisbon, in that county. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Barnard, seven children have been born, viz., Mary, Edwin W., Charles D., Melissa A., Gershom W., George A., and E. P. All are now living and settled near their " old home" save Mary, who died April 28, 1844, at the age of nineteen. Mr. and Mrs. Barnard settled in Steuben County, on the farm now owned by their son, Gershom W., Oct. 22, 1832. Col. Barnard was engaged in the mercantile busi- ness for some years while residing in Otsego County, but followed farming and lumbering after his settlement in Steuben County. While residing in Otsego County he was colonel in the State militia. He died Oct. 15, 1862, leaving his widow and six children. His widow is now in her seventy-sixth year, hale and hearty, and has the satisfaction of knowing that her children are all good, respectable citi- zens of the county, and are all living within two miles of the " old home." Mr. and Mrs. Barnard have been mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years. Col. Barnard was a man well thought of by his neighbors, and left a name of which his children need not be ashamed. In politics, first a Whig, then a Republican. He was school inspector for many years. Mrs. Barnard is now on the old home in Corning. Her parents, Col. Gershom and Betsey Wilcox, settled in Caton, then Painted Post, Oct. 22, 1832. Col. Wilcox was a wagon-maker by trade, and as soon as he came to Caton he erected a saw-mill, which was one of the first in the town. For many years he followed his trade and the lumber business. Col. and Mrs. Wilcox were members of the Baptist Church in Connecticut, but never united in Caton. In politics, first a Democrat, then a Re- publican. He was colonel of the State militia. He died Oct. 14, 1863, in his eighty-first year, and Mrs. Wilcox, May 7, 1875, in the ninety-third year of her age. Col. and Mrs. Wilcox had seven children, six of whom are now living, of whom Mrs. Barnard is the eldest child. COHOCTOlSr. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. This town is situated in the northern border of the county west of the centre, and is bounded north by Ontario County, east by Prattsburf^li, south by Avoca and part of Howard, and west by Wayland and part of Fremont. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the town is mostly a hilly upland, sepa- rated into ridges by deep and narrow valleys. The princi- pal stream is the Conhocton River, which flows in a south- erly direction through the centre of the town, and is bordered by a rich valley varying from a quarter of a mile to a mile in width. The soil of the valley of the Conhocton is allu- vium mixed with clay and loam, and is very productive, while a .slaty and gravelly loam prevails chiefly on the up- lands. These uplands, however, or hills, as they are called, such as Lent Hill and Potter Hill, are among the best farm- ing lands in the town, the only waste lands being along the steep declivities of the hills and ravines. The town is watered with many clear brooks and springs, and is well adapted to grain, fruit, grazing, and dairy purposes. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Shortly aft«r the settlement of Bath, about 1794, Joseph Biven was sent by Col. Charles Williamson to erect a tavern, for the accommodation of settlers, on the Pulteney estate, in the north part of what is now the town of Cohocton. Little is known of Mr. Biven except that he located his tavern at a point then known as the " Twenty-two Mile Tree." After roads were laid out through that section, the place was known as '■ Biven's Corners." It is now North Cohocton, a name which it has borne since the post-ofifice was established here in 1828. The site of the original tavern was that on which William Van Riper now keeps a hotel. Frederick Blood, one of the early settlers of the town, kept a hotel on this corner for many years. He was the father of John, Asa, Avery, Ziba, and Frederick Blood, Jr. The latter resided till his death on the farm, since divided between Harvey John.son and Alonzo Parks; he was the father of the present Mrs. Oliver Rice, proprietor of the Mountain View Hotel, at Blood's Station. Asa, John, and Ziba removed to the West many years ago; Avery died in North Cohocton, at the house of his sister Harriet, widow of the late Isaac Leggett. Frederick Blood was a native of Germany, and came to this town from Ballston, Saratoga Co., N. Y. He had been enticed into the naval service in his native country when quite a small lad, and had come to America as a drummer-boy on board a man-of-war. In 1802, James Woodard, from Vermont, settled in the town, with a large family of sons, among whom were Aruna and Obadiah Woodard. James Woodard settled on the place where George Waldron now resides, and built a log cabin. His son, Aruna, settled on the place now occupied by David S. Wait. For several years their cabins were the only landmarks in that neighborhood, Naples, in Ontario County, being the nearest settlement where anything but the rude.st frontier comforts could be obtained. Jonas Cleland and his son, James Cleland, now the oldest settler in Cohocton, came into the town from Pompey, Onondaga Co., in 1805. At that time there was not a house from Naples to Avoca, except the cabins of the Wood- ards, above mentioned, and the house of Joseph Shattuck, uncle of Hon. Stephen D. Shattuck, at the corners where the village of Liberty now stands. This house was a prom- inent one in the town, was one of the earliest hotels, and, on account of its convenience and central location, was the place for holding the town-meetings for many years after the town was organized The first house between Liberty and Avoca was built by Jonas Cleland, in 1805, or early in 1806. It stood near the Davis Creek, not far from the barn afterwards built and owned by Albertus Larrowe, grandfather of the present owner. Mr. Cleland bought of the Pulteney estate a tract of land a mile square, .south of Liberty, for twelve shillings an acre. On a portion of it he built a house, which he sold, together with part of the land, to Albertus Larrowe, and then built another house, where he settled with his family, just south of the Davis Mill, now owned by Thomas War- ner. He also built the first saw- and grist-mill in the town of Cohocton. The saw-mill stood on the site of the present Warner Mill ; the grist-mill was built on the opposite side of the road from Mr. Cleland's house, the road then runninsr down on the flat instead of where it now does. The saw- mill was built about 1808 ; the irons used in it were manu- factured in Europe, and had been left on the spot by Col. Williamson, who had undertaken to build a mill here prior to his retirement from the agency of the Pulteney estate, and had proceeded so far as to get out the timber for the dam, and make other preparations for building. Being called from the agency unexpectedly, the work was left un- finished, and the materials and irons, a few years after, were used by Mr. Cleland in carrying out the original purpose for the benefit of the settlers. The grist-mill built by Mr. Cleland at a somewhat later date, was a great boon to the early settlers. Before its erection they had to go on horseback with their grists to Naples or to Dansville, the roads being such at that early day as not to admit of traveling with any wheeled vehicle. Alvin Talbot came into the town soon after, and settled on the Dusenberry farm. Ezra Parker settled on the old Dewey place, now owned by James Cleland. Job Briggs 237 238 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. settled on lands afterwards owned by Dennis Connor. He was a cooper by trade, and followed that occupation Ste- phen Burrows was the first settler on lands now owned by Henry Paul. Ebenezer Keeler was one of the early set- tlers on Twelve-Mile Creek, and was a prominent and in- fluential man in the affairs of the town. Joseph Jackson, Eleazer Tucker, John, George, and Paul Wilson, and Sal- mon Brownson and his sons were the first settlers on Loon Lake, then in the town of Cohocton. (See history of Way- land.) Early in the year 1805, Joseph Chamberlin, from Her- kimer County, settled on the Davis farm, near Liberty. His effects consisted of a cow and a dog, and a few articles tied up in a pack which he carried upon his back. His mode of living, in its primitive simplicity, is said to have rivaled that of even Diogenes himself, who lived in a tub, for he had not even a tub nor a milk-pail. As a substitute for the latter he chopped a notch in a log, and trained his cow to step astride of it ; then milking her into the notch, he crumbed in his bread and ate with a wooden spoon. The following year Levi Chamberlin, Joseph Shattuck, and Deacon Horace Fowler became settlers in the town. Among the early settlers were also Timothy Sherman, James Barnard, Samuel Rhodes, Jesse Atwood, Isaac Morehouse, Charles Burlinghara, and Richard Hooper. The latter died Feb. 10, 1801, and his death is believed to have been the first in town. The first marriage was that of Joseph Biven and Sarah Hooker, who were united in marriage in 1798, and their first child, Bethiah Hooker Biven, born in 1800, was the first white child born in town. The first school was taught by Sophia Trumbull, in the house originally built by Jonas Cleland on the Larrowe place. The first school-house was a log building, and was erected near the river, on the Dusenberry farm, about 1810. The first tannery was built by William Walker, about 1816. It was located a mile and a quarter below Liberty, on premises now owned by James Moulton. This tannery was operated about twenty-five years, and wjis an import- ant establishment in the early settlement of the country. Richard Treneman, of Rochester, established the present tannery on the site of the old woolen-mill, formerly owned by Fredmore & Dance. Soon after the Cleland grist-mill was got in operation, Rudolphus Howe, father of the editor of the Prattsburgh Neios, and Jonathan Danforth, of Saratoga, bought an acre of land of Jonas Cleland and erected the first distillery in town. It stood between the present road and the barn con- nected with the Davis mill-house, owned by Mr. Thomas Warner. Mr. Cleland owned an interest in this distillery during the later years of its existence, and it continued to be used as a distillery till about 1833. In a series of reminis- cences recently published we find the following allusion to the establishment : " At a time when the still was in operation, Abram Lent and his brother John were lumbering in the woods near the place where Hiram Dewey now lives. The weather being rather cold, it was proposed that one of them should take a jug and go down to the still and get it filled with Uncle Jonas' best whisky. This was done by Abram ; but on his return with the jug the whisky refused to come out, and on examination it was found to be frozen. John ac- cused Abram of playing a joke on him by filling the jug with water and pretending it to be whisky. Abram insisted that it was Cleland's best. He inserted a stick in the jug, and by stirring vigorously succeeded in getting a little out, which John admitted had a slight whisky flavor, yet he ex- pressed an opinion that it ought to be boiled down in order to make it what it should be. He accordingly proceeded to boil a quantity of it until it was about two-thirds boiled away ; when in tasting he declared it wns water, pure and simple, even the flavor of whisky having entirely disap- peared." Judging from the above the distillery was not a very slroiiff anti-temperance institution. In the reminiscences just quoted we find the following reference to the old settlers: "Lucius Shattuck in 1810 built a log tavern on the site now occupied by the law- office of the late C. J. McDowell. . . . He was the father of Hon. Stephen D. Shattuck, who is now one of the leading merchants of Cohocton ; Jonas Cleland, who came here about the year 1805 ; Joseph Chamberlin, who kept the log hotel above referred to ; Joseph Shattuck, who was a Revolutionary soldier, and is buried in the cemetery at Liberty, he was the father of Lucius Shattuck ; David Parmenter, well known to most of the voters of Cohocton, who died but a few years ago at the age of eighty-seven years, he was the ancestor of the Parmenters of to-day ; Philip Cook (father of Constant Cook), who was a slave- holder and owned slaves iu Cohocton, it being lawful at that time to hold slaves in the Slate of New York ; David Loomis, Samuel Leggett, father of the late Allen Leggett ; Abram Lent, father-in-law of Hiram Rynders ; Isaac More- house ; Cornelius Crouch, ancestor of the present Crouches ; Liberty Chamberlin, Dan Davis, father of A. M. Davis, Esq., and Melvin H. Davis, Mrs. N. J. Wheeler and Mrs. S. S. Rosenkrans, who reside in the village of Liberty ; Paul and Constant Cook, sons of Philip Cook ; John Lar- rowe, who bought the flats below the village, which are now known as the Larrowe farm. He died about ten years ago,* leaving a large fortune to be divided between his sons Albertus and Franklin, or rather the heirs of Franklin, he having died just previous to the decease of his father ; Law- rence Van Wormer, father of Valentine, John, and Henry Van Wormer, who now reside in or near the village." The family of Horace Fowler, father of 0. S. and L. N. Fowler, the distinguished phrenologists, were among the early settlers of Cohocton. They resided in the village, iu a house which stood on the site of the present residence of Mr. A. Larrowe. Abram Lent was the first settler on Lent Hill, in 1810. He married Betsey, the oldest daughter of Samuel Hart- well, who was a nephew of Roger Sherman. Mr. Hart- well's wife was Elizabeth Wilkinson, a sister of the celebrated Jemima Wilkinson, the " prophetess." Samuel Hartwell passed through many adventures during the war of 1812. He was taken by the British and carried to Kingston, where » Written in 1S76. TOWN OF COHOCTON. 2S!) he was confined in jail. He succeeded in breaking out, and made liis escape to the United States. He made his way to Jerusalem, in Yates County, the home of his sister- in-law, Jemima Wilkinson, and afterwards moved to North Cohocton. From 1815 to about 1830 he kept a hotel on tlie corner of Liberty and Naples Streets in North Cohoc- ton. This was the second hotel in the place, and was after- wards kept for many years by his son, Elijah Hartwell. Mr. Hartwell and his wife both died many years ago. Matthew Hatch, with his two sons, Philip and Sylvanus, settled at Lent Hill about the year 1812. They came from near Whitehall, Washington Co., N. Y. Matthew Hatch died at Lent Hill, and was the first person buried in the Hatch burying-ground. His .son, Barnabas C. Hatch, removed to Jackson Co., Mich., where he became a judge of the county court and a member of the State Legis- lature for that di.striet. He died in 1874. Nelson Hatch, another son, accidentally shot him.self when a young man. Philip Hatch lived at Lent Hill till 187G, and then re- moved lo Wayland, where he has since resided. Sylvanus died, at the house of his only son, Hiram W. Hatch, of Blood's Station, in 1874. John C. and Thomas Bowles were early settlers of Co- hocton. Trippknock, the four corners west of Liberty, was first settled by Jared Barr, about the year 1807. Afterwards the Tripps — Charles and family — settled there, and kept a hotel. They were noted wrestlers and boxers, and probably from this came the peculiar name of the place. It is said that the cognomen was first applied to it by Ben Haight, commonly known as " Crazy Ben," who, on one occasion, got rather roughly handled at Tripp's tavern. There was once a brewery at Trippknock on what is now the A. H. Weld lot. Paul C. Cook and Daniel H. Davis owned an interest in the concern. On Potter Hill, Gideon Potter, Sr., and Anthony Crosby were the first settlers. Job and Benjamin Briggs settled farther west. At Brown Hill, John Brown and his sons, William, Abram, Blanville, Sylvanus, and Richard, were the first settlers. James Armstrong settled on the place where he now resides, in the Arm.strong neighborhood, in 1815, where he has ever since resided. He came with his father, Martin Armstrong, and two brothers and two sisters ; they built a log house on the west part of the farm, and afterwards a double log house, hewed down and plastered, in the vicinity of the residence of his brother, Cook Armstrong, who occupies the western portion of the estate. The present residence of Mr. Armstrong was erected in 1833. About 1823 a .saw-mill was built on the site of the present Hoag Mill, by Gabriel Dusenberry and his sons, Seth and John. About 1842, Stoning and Brown con- verted it into a paper-mill, and continued to operate it very successfully for several years. Merritt H. Brown then retired, and his father, Merritt Brown, and his brother, Lucius, conducted the mill till it was destroyed by fire, together with a large dry-house which stood on the site of the present Hoag blacksmith shop, about 1852. It had been operated about ten years as a paper-mill, and several houses had been built near it. Benjamin S. Hoag then bought the property and built a saw-mill upon the site of the paper-mill ; this was burned, and he built another, which was also destroyed by fire in 1875 ; he then built the mill, which he now owns and operates, upon the site of the former mills. Mr. Hoag came here from Montgomery County in 1814. REMINISCENCES. Among the pioneers have often been found many quaint and original characters. Cohocton was not without its representatives in this regard, among whom may be men- tioned Isaac Morehouse, Philetus Finch, and Charles Burlingham, or " Charlie," as he was familiarly called. " Charlie never failed to be on hand on election and town- meeting days. Placing himself under the exhilarating effects of old Bourbon, he would make fun for the hun- dreds with his dance and song, ' Laugh when you win, laugh when you lose,' and ' Hay foot, straw foot,' etc., etc. Isaac Morehouse was emphatically the leader of the turf; he was equal to all emergencies in that line, and in ten minutes could ' drive dull care away' by getting every one in the community excited over a horse-race; even the snow-paths in midwinter were used for his race-courses. Philetus was always on hand to say and do just the right thing to give character, point, and pathos to the operations of Charlie and Isaac. Philetus played a very practical joke on Constant Cook ; it was about as follows: In those days the law for imprisonment for debt was in full force. Philetus was Mr. Cook's debtor, and failed to make pay- ment. Mr. Cook had him consigned to jail at Bath, where he remained for some time. When court sat, the judge directed that Mr. Cook be informed that if Mr. Finch was kept any longer in custody he, and not the county, would have to pay his board. There was suflBcient logic in that reasoning to induce Mr. Constant Cook to see that his imprisoned debtor was released, and accordingly he set out for Bath on horseback, the best means of conveyance then at hand. Arriving there, he immediately effected the re- lease of Finch, who pretended to be sick, and would not consent to be released unless Cook would take him back to Liberty ; this he agreed to do, provided they would " take turns" in riding the horse on the return journey. Cook took the saddle first, and Finch went limping and cringing after, playing sick to perfection ; they had not gone far when Cook stopped and waited for Finch to come up, when he told him to get on and ride and he would walk a little way. Finch took the saddle and made a forced march right through to Liberty, leaving Cook to foot it the whole distance, sixteen miles. Philetus on arriving home found him.self in perfect health." In the early days the administration of law was conducted upon principles peculiar and in keeping with the primitive condition of the times. Among the early justices of the peace were Constant Cook and E.squires Slack and Barnard. While Esquire Slack was justice there was a case before him in which Esquire Patchin was defendant. The case was set down for one o'clock, but defendant Patchin did not arrive till a little after two On his arrival he found the justice fast asleep in his chair and nobody present. He took the justice by the shoulder and shook him vigorously, inquiring what had been done with the suit. The justice 240 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. roused up and yawningly replied, " Took judgment against you by default." The defendant replied that he thought the justice honest, but he was a very ignorant man. Another case was pending in a justice court, in which Dan. H. Davis was attorney. After working faithfully for his client, with very little hope of success, — the case grow- ing darker and darker as it proceeded, — he resolved not to incur the mortification of a defeat, and, rising from his seat, he seized the minutes of the court, deliberately rolled them up, thrust them into his pocket, and coolly walked out of the room, remarking, " I will take care of the merits of this case." In 1823, Joseph Wilkinson built a barn, which is now standing, on the farm of W. H. Smith. Like many of the early settlers, Mr. Wilkinson had his peculiarities. In employing workmen to build the above-mentioned barn, he agreed to pay them fifty cents a day if he did not provide them with whisky, or two and sixpence a day and furnish whisky. Thinking they could have free access to his jug, at any rate, they accepted the former offer, — the fifty cents a day without the whisky. The barn was framed, and at the raising, as was the cus- tom in those days, the new building had to be named. The person selected to perform this ceremony was Jonas Cleland, one of the most intelligent of the early settlers, and not without a certain quaint humor, which served him in good stead in such emergencies. Mr. Cleland took his place on the plate of the barn, and, after the usual drink and flour- ishing of the bottle, got off the following shrewd poetical version of the bargain made between Mr. Wilkinson and his builders : ''This is a fine frame, and deserves a good name, And what shall we eall it? It stands upon a rise ; Two and sixpence was its price. Fifty cents lie had to p.ay, And then he hid the jug away." This was followed by the customary " three cheers," which ended the ceremony. When Mr. Cleland came here, in 1805, and for quite a number of years afterwards, the Indians used to come here to fish and hunt and trade their ai'ticles of native manufac- ture with the whites. They had a very neat lodge, covered with hemlock-bark, which stood about sixty rods below the Davis mill, on the bank of the river, and other lodges along the valley, one of which stood on the Larrowe farm, east of Liberty. Usually they would come and occupy the same lodge for several successive hunting seasons, but they came at last and would not enter the one on the bank of the river, on account of a superstitious belief that it was haunted by some evil spirit. At that period game was very plenty, and the streams and river abounded with fish ; speckled trout sported in the clear waters ; deer crossed the paths of the pioneers, and even entered their door-yards ; bears roamed through the forests of the surrounding hills, and the howling of wolves made unwelcome music during the night. The few early settlers who kept sheep were obliged to enfold them in walled inclosures, to protect them from the ravages of wolves during the night. On the road loading from Potter Hill to Jerome Flint's may be seen the ruins of an old log structure, built up in the form of a square pen. This was Jonas Cleland's " bear trap." Such structures were often built by the pioneers, and baited with mutton, or some other kind of meat, for the purpose of decoying bears to enter at a trap-door in the trap ; and such was the nature of the structure that, when once in, his bearship found himself a prisoner to the superior cunning of his captor and unable to escape. Mr. Cleland built the pen in 1815, but did not complete or use it, for at that time one Robbins, a hunter, brought from the East a large, five-spring iron trap, which was substituted for the more primitive method of catching bears. Mr. Valentine Van Wormer afterwards caught a deer in the same trap, and it is now an interesting souvenir of by-gone days in the possession of James Cleland. On the Dusenberry farm there was at an early time a famous bear-path along the side of the river. Jonas Cle- land once set a "dead-fiill" in this path, in which he caught some thirty or forty bears. ORGANIZATION. Cohocton was formed from Bath and Dansville, June IS, 1812, and takes its name from the Conhocton River, which flows in a southeasterly direction through the central part of the town. A part of Avoca was taken off in 18-43, and the principal part of Wayland in 1848. In 1874, an addition was made to the eastern part of the town from the town of Prattsburgh by the adoption of the following reso- lution by the Board of Supervisors : " ReioUreil, That so much of the western part of Pr.attsburgh as is now described, viz.: All that tract or parcel of land situate in the town of Pratt.^^burgh and bounded as follows (iiccording to the com- promise line agreed upon bctweeen the parties residing on the adver- tised district) : commencing at the northwest corner of lots No. 96, on the township line ; thence east, along the north line of lots Nos. 96, 97, and 98, to the northea.st corner of said lot 98 ; thence south, along the east line of lots Nos. 98, 85, and 76, to the southeast corner of said lot 76 ; thence east, along the north line of lot 62, to the northeast corner thereof; thence south, along the east line of lots Nos. 62 and 55 to the cast bank of Twelve-Mile Creek ; thence along the east bank of said creek to the township line; containing 3853 acres of land, more or less, be set off from said town of Prattsburgh, and anne.\ed to s.aid town of Cohocton, as those petitioners have so earnestly prayed. " Charles K. Minor, "Ira. Carrington. " Commiltee." The act erecting the town of Cohocton, passed June 18, 1812, provided that the first town-meeting should be held at the house of Joseph Shattuck, Jr. This meeting was held in April, 1813, and the following town oflScers were elected : Samuel Wells, Supervisor ; Charles Bennett, Town Clerk ; Stephen Crawford, John Slack, and William Bennett, As- sessors ; Jared Barr, John Woodard, and Isaac Hill, Com- missioners of Highways ; John Slack and Samuel D. Wills, Poormasters ; James Barnard, Constable and Collector; Isaac Parmenter, Constable; James Griffis and Thomas Rogers, Fence-Viewers. The following were chosen Path- masters of the ten districts then in the town, in the order named, beginning with District No. 1 : Samuel D. Wells, Seth Kellogg, David Reynolds, James Grifl&s, Jonas Cleland, Jonathan Danforth, Stephen Crawford, Drake, Elisha a-A^,^/f^■ -^-fH^gyr:^ j-t^-t-t-^uy h^u^L Qc / A VALENTINE VAN WORMER. Valentine Van Wormer was born in Charleston, Schoharie Co., N. Y., Oct. 22, 1812. His paternal ancestors came from Hol- land. He is the eleventh child in a family of thirteen children of Lawrence and Anna (Staley) Van Wormer, both natives of New Jersey. His Grandfather Van Wormer migrated from New Jersey, first settled on the Hudson River during the Revolution- ary war, and subsequently settled in Montgomery Co., N. Y. His father was a farmer in Montgomery County for twenty years, and traded his farm there for some eighteen hundred acres of land in the Conhooton valley, near the village of Lib- erty, on the Robert L. Bound's tract, and in 1816 settled in the town of Cohocton, where he purchased two hundred and fifty acres more. Some six hundred acres of this land he is said to have cleared and made ready lor cultivation. He assisted in the erection of the first Methodist church here, and prior to that time the quarterly meetings of that de- nomination were often held in his barn for want of a more commodious building. He was one of the pioneers of the town and contributed largely to its early local enterprises. Although a man of very little book knowledge, he possessed much native talent and ability, was well informed, and had strong reasoning faculties. Prior to settling in this county he held various official posi- tions in Montgomery County, was a member of the Democratic party, and ranked as lieutenant in the old militia, with commis- sion signed by Governor Tompkins. He was a man of gi-eat perseverance, and known for his correct habits and strict integ- rity. For many years both he and his wife were consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He died August, 1852, aged eighty-four. His wife died January, 1853, aged seventy-nine. Of their six bods and eight daughters, thirteen reached man- hood and womanhood, and five sons and one daughter are now living. Mr. Valentine Van Wormer was only four years of age when the family settled in the town of Cohocton. He spent his minority at home, receiving a good education at the common school and at Lima Seminary. For five terms he was a teacher after reaching his majority, and Nov. 22, 1838, he married Anna, daughter of Judge E. W. Cleveland, of Naples, Ontario Co. Her father was prominently identified with the local in- terests of that county, and held the various offices of supervisor, justice of the peace, and associate judge for many years. He was a, volunteer in the war of 1812, lived to be sixty-seven- years of age, and died in 18G0. Mrs. Van Wormer was born Dec. 4, 1817. Their children are Mrs. Wm. Henry Mattison, of Ionia, Mich. ; Mrs. Dr. E. M. White, of Liberty ; Fayette M., soldier of the late Rebellion, died Feb. 7, 1865, aged twenty-one; Emory L., of Avoca ; Mrs. C. W. Stanton, of Liberty ; Eugene, a farmer, of Cohocton ; and Eugenia, a teacher. After his marriage Mr. Van Wormer carried on the farm for nine years settled by his father, and purchased a farm of Constant Cook, contiguous to the village, upon which he has re- sided since 1847. He was a Democrat until the formation of the Republican party, of which ho has since been a somewhat active member. He was school commissioner for two terms, and also school in- spector for two terms under the old law, and has been once the candidate of his party for the Assembly, but was unsuccessful, his party being in the minority. He has ever been interested in the temperance reform since its first organization, yet never a member of any secret societies, and from their youth both he and his wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. TOWN OF COHOCTON. 241 Brownson, and Levi Smith. Samuel D. Wells and Jonas Cleland were chosen Poundraasters. It was voted that a bounty of $5 bo given for each wolf's scalp, and $10 for that of a panther. The bounty for wolves' scalps was afterwards raised to $20. Twenty dol- lars per head made wolf-hunting in those daj's for a time profitable ; many scalps were taken and brought in, and the bounty paid. The records of the town from 1813 to 1839 appear to have been lost, — at least tbcy are not to be found in the town clerk's office. We have, however, by diligent search in the county clerk's office, and from other sources of in- formation, been able to supply in some measure the defi- ciency. From 1823 to 1826, inclusive, Paul C. Cook was super- visor, and was followed by David Weld in 1827 and 1828. Paul C. Cook was again supervisor in 1829 and 1830. Then followed David Weld for the year 1831, and then John Nichoson for 1832, when Paul C. Cook was again elected, and held the office for three consecutive years. In 183ti, Elias Stephens was chosen supervisor; then Paul C. Cqok again for 1837 and 1838. The rest of the super- visors, together with other town officers, will be found in the tabulated statement below. Lucius Shattuck held the office of town clerk for twenty- three consecutive years, and was the incumbent of that office at the time of his death, in 1852. The first justices of the peace, hy appointment, in the town of Cohocton, were John Slack, James Barnard, Jonas Cleland, and Frederick Blood. Others who held the office at a later day were Constant Cook, John Nichoson, Paul C. Cook, Thomas A. Bowles, John Hess, J. P. Brace, Simeon Holmes, and Myron M. Patchin. Some of these were in what is now the town of Wayland, which was then included in Cohocton. Below will bo found a list of the justices of the peace from 1839 to the present time. At the election for senators and members of Assembly in 1814, the town of Cohocton gave four votes each for Joseph Kirkland, Joshua Forman, Valentine Brother, and Jared Sanford, for senator, and one vote each to Philetus Swift, Chauncey Loomis, Bennett Becknell, and John J. Pendergrast. For member of Assembly, Moses Van Cam- pen received 25 votes, and Daniel Cruger 39 votes. Samuel D. Wells, John Stark, Francis Blakely, and Samuel Rhodes, inspectors of election. In 1816, Daniel D. Tompkins received 15 votes for Gov- ernor, and Rufus King 14 votes. For Lieutenant-Governor, John Taylor received 14 votes, and George Tibbitts 15 votes. Daniel Cruger had 71 votes for member of Con- gress, and Enos T. Throup 71 ; Elijah Miller 52, and Elea- zer Lindley 52. The political status of the town of Cohocton was gener- ally Democratic, up to the year 1856, yet, in 1840, it caught up the rallying cry of " Tippecanoe and Tyler too," and gave a decided majority for Gen. Harrison for President. But after the effect of the " Hard Cider" wore off, and it had emerged from the "log cabins," it went back to the Demo- cracy. In 1856 it gave over 200 majority for Fremont, and since that memorable campaign, till the annexation of a portion of Prattsburgh, in 1874, has been a decidedly 31 Republican town. The political parties since then have been more nearly equally divided. During the Fremont campaign, a terrible accident occurred in the village of Liberty, which cast a pall of gloom over the place for a long time. While the excitement of the canvass was running high, a cannon had been procured to give vent to Republican enthusiasm, and to invite, by the reverberations of its thundering voice, the inhabitants of the neighboring hills to a mass-meeting, then in progress at the village. The cannon was being discharged in the road (which was full of people), just above the residence of Amos Stone, when it exploded, throwing heavy pieces of iron in every direction, endangering the lives of many. One of the pieces struck and fatally wounded Wallace Hen- dryx, son of Thomas Hendryx, a merchant of the village; another piece struck and badly injured Albert H. Weld, but he afterwards fully recovered. Y^oung Hendryx died the next morning, and his sad and untimely death was mourned by all. He was a universal favorite among all with whom he was acquainted. It will be appropriate in this connection to speak of some of the citizens of this town, who have held important posi- tions of responsibility and tru.st by the suffrages of the people. Paul C. Cook, for many years a merchant at Lib- erty, and prominently identified with the political as well as business history of the town, was chosen by the Demo- crats of his Assembly district to represent them in the State Legislature, in 1827. Ho was re-elected to the As- sembly in 1830. In 1844 he was elected county clerk, and changed his residence from Liberty to Bath, where he continued to reside. He was re-elected county clerk in 1847, and discharged the duties of this, as well as all the responsible offices which he filled, in a highly creditable and satisfactory manner. Richard Brower was formerly a merchant in the village of Liberty, and did business in the former store of Paul C. Cook, previous to its occupancy by Dan. H. Davis. He owned the farm now belonging to Amos Stone, which he sold to David Rumsey, of Bath, and the latter sold to Mr. Stone. In 1839, Mr. Brower was elected by the Demo- cratic party of this district to represent them in the State Legislature. At the election held in 1859, C. J. McDowell was chosen district attorney for Steuben Co., and held the office three years. He was especially adapted to discharge the respon- sible duties of that important office, and he administered it with zeal, efficiency, and honor. His term of office was distinguished by the unrelaxing vigor and persistency with which he prosecuted criminals, who were then banded to- gether in large numbers to resist or evade the law, and de- feat the ends of justice. The breaking up of these bands, sending some to the State-prison, and causing others to flee the country, were the acceptable fruits of his administration. Mr. McDowell has possessed in a large degree the confidence and esteem of his town's people, who have .several times elected him to the office of supervisor. At the fall election of 1873, Stephen Shattuck was elected to represent the district in the Assembly. He served ac- ceptably during the term, and was re-elected and returned the following year, and during the session distinguished 242 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. himself for his earnest and persistent contest on the floor of the Assembly with the enemies of reform. Mr. Shattuck is a popular member of the Democratic party, and has held the office of supervisor of his town for six or seven terms. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1S39 Calvin Blood. Paul C. Cook Henry Noble. 1840. John Hess. Thos. Hendry X. Almond Eggleston. 1841. " " Jesse P. Brace. Lawrence S. Borden 1842. Paul C. Cook. t( It It 11 1843. John Hess. James Draper Silas Hulbert. 1844. <( It « 1845. Calvin Blood. " Hiram Dewey. 1846. Zcphnian Flint. Henry 6. Blood. Joseph Crouch. 1847. John Hess. <( (( Amos W. Chase. 1848. Calvin Blood. JamesJDiaper, .( It 1849. Zephman Flint. Walter M. Eldred. it 1860. C. J. McDowell. Austin Hall. a 1851. li u Step'n D. Shattuck Chas. J. Bosenkrans 1852. " " L. Shattuck. a tt 1853. David H. \Vilco.\. Step'n D. Sh.Tttuok. Wm. R. Hill. 1854. C. J. McDowell. A. W. Chase. George W. Haight. 1855. A. Larrowe. Andrew W. W oore. George T. Mead. 1856. « ii " 11 a 1857. tl n Austin Hall. it it 1858. James Draper. Leonard D. C onnei it (( 1859. Stepu D. .Shattuck. Austin Hall. George W. Haight. 1S60. David H. Wilcox. John H. Stanley. 1. ti 1861. ti if Austin Hall. Cyrus H. Stone. 1862. " " Ezra S. Carpenter. Wm. Washburn. 1863. F. N. Drake. Walter M. Eldred. S. D. Shattuck. 1864. " " Ezra S. Carpenter. a 1865. David H. Wilcox. Austin Hall. A. Larrowe. 1866. John H. Butler. Charles II. Beyer. John D. Hendryx, 1867. U tl " ' Charles Tripp, Jr. 1868. C.E. Thorp. Marcus S. Harris. C. P. Bailey. 1869. Step'n D. Shattuck. it t S. S. Rosenkrans. 1870. " " Carlos H. Wilcox. T. J. Briggs. 1871. J. M. Tripp. 1. « Hiram W. Hatch. 1872. Step'n D. Shattuck. Albert T. Parkhill. F. Granger Tripp. 1873. Thos. Warner. Edwin A. Draper. James C. Green. 1874. it i it a 1875. James P. Clark. .< Jacob Wagner. 1876. 0. S. Searl. H. C. Liddiard. Charles E. Hall. 1877. Myron W. Harris. Jas. M. Reynolds. James H. Moulton. 1878. Byron A. Tyler. *t li John Robinson. JUSTICES OF THK PEACE. 1839. Myron M. Patohin. 1858. Jam es F. Wood. 1840. Constant Cook. Asa Adams. 1841. Frederick Blood, Sr 1859. Edwin Finch. IS42. Dan. H. Davis. 1860. Thof . S. Crosby. 1843. Myron M. Patchin. 1861. Asa Adams. 1844. Jesse McQuigg. 1862. James F. Wood. 1845. Frederick Blood. Samuel G. Fowler. 1846. C. J. McDowell. 1863. Wm. W. Wait. 1847. Myron M. Patchin. 1864. Thos . S. Crosby. 1848. Stephen C. Phillips. 1865. Asa Adams. Nelson Thorp. 1866. James F. Wood. 1849. Wm. W. Wait. 1867. Thos . S. Crosby. Levi C. Chase. 1868. Ithiel H. Nichoson. 1850. Walter M. Eldred. 1869. Asa Adams. 1851. Samuel G. Fowler. 1870. Marcus S. Harris. 1852. E. L. Bradley. 1871. Geor ge M. Hewitt. Austin Hall. 1872. Eetn a M. Davis. 1853. Wm. W. Wait. 1873. Asa Adams. Frederick Blood. 1874. Hiram Wygant. 1854. James F. Wood. 1875. Jasper Partridge. 1855. Edward Finch. 1876. Clarence W. Stanton. 1856. Thos. S. Crosby. 1877. Charles Sheldon. 1857. Wm. 0. Nichoson. 1878. Thos S. Crosby. TAX-ROLL OF 1829. Prom an old tax-roll in the office of the town clerk we find that in 1829 there were in the town of Cohocton (then including Wajland) 381 land-owners, who resided in the town and paid taxes on from one-fourth of an acre to 541 acres. This latter was the largest estate then owned by any resident of the town, and belonged to Philip Cook. It was valued at $11.42 per acre, and the tax assessed upon it was $11.69. Warren Patchin owned 409 acres in what is now Wayland, assessed at $12 an acre, and his tax amounted to $15.65. Silas Shattuck owned 288 acres, assessed at $2.24 an acre, tax $2.29. James Cleland had 234 acres, assessed at $6 an acre, tax $6.14. Dan H. Davis, 330 acres, valued at $10 an acre, tax $10.33. The most valuable land in the town at that time seems to liave been a quarter of an acre owned by Ira Gilbert, which was assessed at a valuation of $50, and taxed 52 cents. From this roll we find that the lands belonging to residents of the town at that time amounted to 33,821 acres, while 21,706 acres were owned by non-residents, and of this latter amount, 18,057 acres were owned by the Pulteney estate. CHURCHES. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OP COHOCTON. It appears from the oldest record in the posse.'^sion of this church, entitled " A History of the Settlement and Forma- tion of the Church of Christian Union," that a meeting was " convened by agreement, and opened by prayer by the Rev. ," the name of the minister not being given. The object of this meeting seems to have been to inquire into the history of the earliest religious society in the town. Hence the record proceeds: " Entered upon a full investi- gation, and found that in the year 1802 a few professors made some beginning and improvement, but the great dis- tance from other settlements, and other discouragements common to a new settlement, caused them to remain deso- late until 1802, when James Woodard, from Vermont, with a numerous family of sons, came and began to im- prove on some of the former beginnings, and bringing his wife, being a professed follower of Christ, and recommended by some former church and brethren to some one church of Christ wherever her lot might be cast, — whose oldest son, Arunet, and his wife, Hannah, united with a neighboring church,* about seven miles distant, but did not enjoy much advantage thereby, although that church had a stated pastor. Thus they remained neglected and forsaken for several years, and had but a single sermon preached until the year 1807, when Elijah Parker and Stephen Crawford moved in among them. They, with their wives, being Christian pro- fessors, united together and set up public worship on the Sabbath. In 1808 the inhabitants met together and ap- pointed the two last named persons to lead in public meet- ings; and in 1809 the few Christians among them were visited by the Rev. Aaron C. Collins, when about ten per- sons proposed to join in church fellowship, and about the middle of June by the Rev. Abijah Warren, with whom they agreed to preach and labor among them for one year."f * At Naples, Ontario Co., N. Y. I Another record says "one-third of a year." TOWN OF COHOCTON. 243 On Sunday, Oct. 8, 1809, a regular church was formed of the Congregational order, consisting of nine members : " Thus the Lord planted a church in the wilderness, and did not leave Himself without witness in this moral desert." Of the original nine members, three had been admitted by letter before the formal organization, in June, 1809, viz., John Slack, Jerusha Slack, and Martha Fowler. The other six who united by letter, Oct. 8, 1809, were Elijah Parker, Mehitable Parker, Stephen Crawford, Ruth Craw- ford, Obadiah Woodard, and Sybil Woodard. In 1811, Levi and Anna Fowler and Jesse Atwell became members ; in 1816, Horace Fowler and Rebecca Talbot; in 1817, Susannah Rodney and Boice Shepard ; in 1818, Jothan Hoar, Chloe Shattuck, Lucy Woodruff, and Silena Bentley; in 1820, Nancy Weld, Polly Andrews, and Anna C. Clason ; in 1821, eight were received by letter and examination, viz., Ezra Sliepard, Sally Dubois, David Weld, Mary Fowler, Hannah Bennett, Sally Ketchum, James Conn, and Anna Conn. The following seven were received in 1822: Daniel Raymond, Clarissa Cook, Elizabeth Collyer, Sophia Shepard, Sally Watkins, Mary Hoar, and Julia Wells. There were eight additions, as follows, in 1823: Benjamin Haight, A.sa Phillips, Joel Collyer, Eliza Haight, Tama Phillips, Anna Bentley, Orlin Watkins, and Eletca Watkins. Eight more united in 1824, viz., Allen Haight, Sally Haight, Lucinda Bennett, Casey Crandall, Abigail Crandall, Lucy Ann Raymond, Abraham Waugh, and Phoebe Raymond. In 1825 there were eight more additions, as follows : John Davis, Clarissa How, Orson Fowler, William Bagnell, Sally Bagnell, Eunice Clary, Almira Lee, and Charity Smork. In 1826, Rhoda Standclift, Martha Waugh, and Molly Jones were received by letter. Eight more became mem- bers in 1827, viz., Peres Powers, Mary Clary, Caroline How, Abigail Henry, Harriet Cook, Laura StaudclifF, Na- thaniel Beetts and Mary Beetts. " Jan. 14, 1810. — This day the church met, according to agreement, when Rev. Abijah Warren was chosen mod- erator and Stephen Crawford scribe." " April 6, 1810. — The church met and made choice of Elijah Parker for deacon. "June 2, 1811. — Voted, that Elijah Parker and Stephen Crawford represent us in the Congregational Association at Bath, and endeavor to have this church united with them." In 1818, Rev. Robert Hubbard appears as pastor, though the date of his settlement is not given. In 1820, Rev. William Stone oflBciated, and, in 1821, Rev. Aaron C. Col- lins. In 1823, Rev. Statham Clary became pastor, and remained in charge till 1829 or 1830. Under his ministry the first church edifice was probably erected. We find no account of the building of it in the records, but the follow- ing shows when it was dedicated : " Feb. 3, 1830. — The first Congregational meeting-house dedicated to the service of Almighty God. Sermon by Rev. Robert Hubbard; text, Haggai, ii. 9." Rev. Lewis W. Billington officiated after the erection of the church till about 1832, when the name of Rev. Mr. De Forest appears as pastor. April 10, 1823, the church was represented in the Pres- bytery by its delegates, and thenceforward assumed the form and order of the Presbyterian Church. Jan. 31, 1834, this church took the following decisive action in favor of temperance : '■'Resolved, That this church admit none to its commu- nion hereafter, who are not or do not become members of the temperance cause at the time of their admission." Rev. I. Strough was pastor of this church from 1850 until his death in June, 1854. The following notice of his death appears in the church record : "June 7, 1854. — Rev. I. Strough, pastor of the Pres- byterian Church of Cohocton, departed this life, and has gone to receive his great reward above." His successor was Rev. W. L. Andrews, who commenced his labors early in 1855. He was succeeded, in 1856, by Rev. A. T. Wood. Rev. J. Woodruff followed in Novem- ber, 1857. Rev. M. B. Gettson, of the Naples Presby- terian Church, officiated as pastor in 1861, and continued till the close of 1871. The present church edifice was erected in the summer and fall of 1872, and was dedicated at ten o'clock a.m. on the 14th day of December, the sermon being preached by Rev. Dr. William E. Knox, of Elmira. At two o'clock P.M. Rev. Charles B. Austin was installed pastor of the church. He remained with the church till Feb. 27, 1876. The church was then served by supplies and candidates for the pastorate till Sept. 1, 1878, at which date Rev. John Waugh, the present pastor, began his labors. The Ladies' Missionary Society was organized April 11, 1878. Mrs. John Waugh, President; Mrs. Carrie Harris, Vice-President ; Mrs. Thomas Warner, Secretary ; Mrs. Dr. Saxton, treasurer. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHDRCH OF COHOCTON. The records of this church begin with the following entry : "We, the suVjscribcrs, do certify, that at a meeting in the town of Cohocton, county of Steuben, on the 24th day of February, in the year of our Lord 1829, of the male persons of full age, being mem- bers and friends of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in pursuance of public notice given two successive Sabbaths or meetiug-days, and at least fifteen days before the time of meeting, for the purpose of in- corporating themselves, according to the act to provide fur the incor- poration of religious socielies. Cyrus Story and Sylvanus Calkins, two of the members of said society, were duly chosen to preside at the said meeting, and that David Lusk, Isaac S. Kidder, Ebenezer Connor, Paul C. Cook, and Cornelius Crouch, who were duly elected trustees of the said society to I>e incorporated, and it was resolved by the said meeting, that the society to be incorporated should be called and known by the name or title of the ' First Society of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church of the town of Cohocton.' And we do further certify, under our hands and seals, that the above-mentioned pro- ceedings were had in our presence. " Dated Cohocton, Feb. 24, 1829. , ,-— , , " Cyrus Story. j l. s. [ "Sylvands Calkixs ..{u^} " Taken and acknowledged before me, this 24th day of February, 1829, "Paul C. Cook, A Judge of the County Courts." " Immediately after the election of the foregoing trusr tees, they were divided by lot into three classes, numbers one, two, and three; and the seats of Isaac S. Kidder and David Lusk, members of the first class, shall be vacated at the expiration of the first year ; Ebenezer Connor and Paul C. Cook, members of the second class, at the expiration of 244 HISTOllY OF STEUBP^N COUNTY, NEW YORK. the second year ; and Cornelius Crouch, of the third class, at the expiration of the third year. The followinij-named persons were present, and considered members of said so- ciety, viz. : Cyrus Story. Sylvanus Calkins. Isaac S. Kidder. Bavid Lnsk. Constant Cook. Samuel Chamberlain. Anson Delaniater. William Walker. Levi Smith. Zina Alford. Paul C. Cook. Cornelius Crouch. Ebenezer Connor. Caleb Crouch. Lucius Shattuck. David Parmcnter. Amos Cornell. Andrew Conn, Adin Parmenter. In 1830 a subscription was circulated for the purpose of erecting a chapel or church edifice. At the annual meeting of that year a resolution was passed to have the subscription " recorded in the book of the society for the purpose of ex- hibiting the manner and principle on which the proposed chapel is to be erected." The following is a copy, as we find it in the records : '* We whose names are hereunto subscribed do agree to pay to Eb- enezer Connor, Paul C. Cook, Cornelius Crouch, Isaac S. Kidder, and Constant Cook, trustees of the first Methodist Episcopal Church in the town of Cohocton, the several sums set opposite our respective names for the purpose of erecting a chapel at or near Liberty Corners in saiil town. vSaid house is calculated to cost about !?14U0. It is ex- pressly understood that said house, if built, is tu be free for all author- ized preachers of the gospel to preach in when not wanted to be occupied by said Methodist Society. It is also agreed that those who pay for materials for building shall pay the same at Liberty Corners by the 1st day of May next; those who p.iy in labor, on demand, and those who pay in cash or produce, in three semi-annual payments from the date hereof, provided the sum of $500 be subscribed, other- wise said subscription to be null and void. " Dated at Cohocton this lOlh day of February, 1830."' The meetings of the society and trustees were held chiefly at the house of Caleb Crouch till the completion of the chapel. We find a record of one of the meetings, held at the store of Orton & Cook, on the 31st of December, 1832, at which a committee, which we take to have been the build- ing committee, made their report. It appears from the fol- lowing that the chapel was at this time finished and ready for use : ** WhcrcdH, The Chapel in this place was built by the subscriptions of individuals of different denominations, we the trustees of the Soci- ety do hereby ordain and declare that the Methodist Society shall have the privilege to occupy the chapel the forenoon of each Sabbath (and in case of a quarterly meeting or any extra meeting, they may occupy the house the whole day) and the remainder part of the day said Chapel shall be free for all authorized preachers to occupy. •■ Ji-.SSE P. Brace, Clerk." Rev. Samuel Bibbins presided at the annual meeting of March 10, 1832, and is the first minister mentioned in the record. In 1835 we find Rev. Joseph Pearsol "•presiding" at the annual meeting " held at the school-house in District No. 5, in the town of Cohocton." The first annual meet- ing recorded as " held at the meeting-house" was April 26, 1836, " Paul C. Cook presiding." From 1839 to 1845 there are no meetings recorded, and it appears that at the latter date the society was reorgan- ized, and held its regular annual meetings thenceforward on the " last Monday in January of each year." The new organization, dated " Cohocton, 13th January, 1845," and signed "Andrew W. Moore, clerk," was consti- tuted of " the following persons, who were present and con- sidered members of said society," viz. : Calvin Blood. David Parmenter. Fletcher C. Eateman. James Draper. Hiram Dewey. Orin Marshall. Harry Field. John Lake. Albert S. Henry. A. L. Shattuck. Thomas Hendryx. Valentine Van Wormer. Andrew W. Moore. Benjamin P. Arbour. S. Hagadorn. M. T. Coaley. John L. Van Wormer. Henry G. Blood. C. J. McDowell. J. H. Mills. Calvin Blood was president of the board of trustees till 1854, when Amos W. Chase appears as president, and L. D. Conner as clerk. In 1857, Stephen Hagadorn was president, and in 1858, V. Van Wormer. Lewis Marsh in 1859, and H. Rathbone in 1860. In 1861 we find the name of Rev. Mr. Mandeville presiding at the annual meet- ing ; in 1862, V. Van Wormer. No further record of an annual meeting occurs till Jan. 27, 1873, at which time "the meeting was called to order by Rev. Mr. Vosburgh, and G. E. Ackerman was elected secretary." This year a new board of trustees was elected, as follows: Valentine Van Wormer, for three years ; James Draper, for three years ; John Adair, for two years ; Isaac Palmateer, for two years ; Lewis Knapp, for one year ; E. A. Draper, clerk of the board of trustees. In 1875, James R. Wilson and Isaac Palmateer were elected trustees for three years, and M. E. Harris for two years. In 1876, Gr. W. Marsh and Valentine Van Wormer, for three years. In 1873 this church was set ofi" as a separate charge, called Liberty Charge, to which the society at Loon Lake was attached, and so remained till 1877, when it was dropped and Wallace attached. Wallace was dropped in 1878, and Lent Hill attached. Since the change in 1873, the follow- ing ministers have officiated : Rev. Mr. Vosburgh, two years'; Rev. William Wardell, one year ; Rev. D. W. Gates, three years ; Rev. Dr. A. Purdy, present pastor. The church edifice was remodeled and enlarged at a cost of about $2000, in 1872. Present membership, 69; Sun- day-school, 75. FIRST UNIVERS.\LIST CHURCH OP COHOCTON. Among the earliest settlers in Cohocton there were many of the more respectable and influential citizens who were believers in the doctrine of the final salvation of all men. Such men as Peter Haight, Levi Smith, Simeon Holmes, Elizar Tucker, Benjamin Warner, David Parmenter, Lucius Shattuck, Darius Crosby, John Larrowe, were men who styled themselves Universalists ; and although they did not organize as a society, they often held meetings at their own houses, or in some school-house in the town, where they listened to such ministers as the Revs. A. G. Clark, O. B. Clark, Mr. Payne, Cheny, Richardson, and others. After the Methodist Episcopal church was built in Liberty, they held meetings more frequently in th;.t church until about 1858, when, one Sunday upon going to the church to hold services, they found themselves shut out, the door being locked, and no one knowing where the key could be found. ^^^ii/u^^/-^c^^ Lewis Clayson was born in Westchester Co., N. T., March 31, 1808. He is the youngest and only surviving child of Enoch and Mercy Clayson. The former, a native of Stanford, Conn., was a farmer by occupa- tion ; was a Minute Man in the war for independence, though never called out; lived to the age of eighty-nine, and died in Westchester County, 1857. The latter was a native of West- chester County, lived to be eighty years of age, and died about 1860. Mr. Clayson spent his minor- ity on the farm, and was with his father until he was thirty- three years of age, receiving the limited opportunities of the district schools of that day for his education from books. In March, 1841, he married Cor- delia, daughter of Robert and Susan Halstead, both natives of West- chester Co., N. Y. She was born April 8, 1816, is a lady of rare ex- cellence, and does her part well in all that pertains to the duties of a wife and mother. The same year of their mar- riage, Mr. and Mrs. Clayson re- moved to Steuben County, and settled on the farm where he now resides, in the town of Cohocton, which now comprises some seven hundred acres of land, in possession of himself and sons, and a large part of which he has cleared of its original forest. He is one of the enterprising, industrious, and thrifty farmers of the town, and a model agri- culturist, and for many years has given considerable atten- tion to buying and selling stock. Mr. Clayson has never given any particular attention to po- litical matters, but ever re- garded the right of suffrage. independentaction, and thought of great value. His life has been given almost wholly to agricultural pursuits, and he is a quiet, unassuming man, pos- sessed of strict honesty in all his business relations. Their children are Robert H. and Enoch A., — farmers near their father, — Mrs. Melvin Miller, of Wayland, and lone, at home. ci^-ciA <2^ix/^ ^5)^ Smith Clayson, an older brother, born 1796, in West- chester County, married Ann Gilbert, of South Salem, N. Y. She died in 1840, at the age of forty-two, leaving one daughter, — Harriet (Mrs. Melvin Davis), Cy\_y of Naples, Ontario Co., N. Y. In 1842 he married Letitia Derevere, of Mount Pleasant, Westchester Co. In 1852 he removed to Steuben County, and set- tled in the town of Cohocton on one hundred and sixty acres of land, now owned by his son, Henry S. Clayson, to which ad- ditions have been made, making the farm two hundred and ten acres. On this farm Mr. Clay- son spent the remainder of his life. He was a representative farmer ; gave some attention to buying and selling stock. He was a Democrat originally, and during the latter part of his life a Republican. He was known as a conscientious man ; was a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and possessed of sterling integrity in all his bus- iness relations. He died in 1860, leaving a widow, now Mrs. Isaac Magoon, of North Cohocton, and one son by his second marriage, Henry S., who married Julia A., daughter of Hobart Gregg, of Bath, March 20, 1871. Their children are /^-yi, Mark, Hobart, Ernest, Lewis. TOWN OF COHOCTON. 245 they were obliged to adjourn the meeting for that time. This was the beginning of a feeling which finally resulted in the building of the iiret Universalist church in Cohocton. As will be seen by referring to the history of the first Methodist Episcopal Church in Cohocton, that church was built by the united means of all denominations, — with the express understanding and agreement that it was to be free to all denominations when not in use by the Methodist, and they were to use the house Sunday mornings only, except when they held their regular quarterly meetings ; at such times they had the use of the house the whole day. This agreement was faithfully lived up to till the time mentioned above. As might be expected, this action upon the part of the Methodist brethren aroused a spirit of opposition among those calling themselves Universalists, and they de- termined upon building a church of their own. A meeting was held Sept. 19, 1859, at which D. H. Wilcox was chosen chairman. At this meeting a regular church organization was formed, and Franklin Larrowe, Amos W. Chase, and D. H. Wilcox were elected trustees. A sub- scription was circulated and enough subscribed to warrant the commencement of erecting a church at once. Among the more liberal in giving for this purpose were such men as John Larrowe, Franklin Larrowe, Alburtas Larrowe, N. J. Wheeler, F. N. Drake, Amos W. Chase, E. A. Parmenter, David Parmenter, P. F. Horr, T. S. Crosby, Stephen Phillips, Benjamin Warner, John Kellogg, 0. C. Smith, G. E. W. Herbert, Austin Hall, S. D. Shattuck, and others. The church was commenced in the summer of 1860, but not completed and dedicated until September, 1863. Rev. J. M. Austin, of Auburn, N. Y., preached the dedication sermon. It is located on Maple Avenue, is a fine building, and cost about $3000. Soon after the dedication the society engaged the services of the Rev. M. Tuller, who remained with them about two years, since which time they have had no settled pastor and only occasional preaching. The doors of this church have always been opened cheerfully to their brethren in Christ, no matter by what name they may be called. During the years 1872 and 1873 the Presbyterian society being without a house of worship, they were given the free use of this church, and are at present occupying it, their own church undergoing repairs. In talking with a prominent member of the Uni- versalist .society he said : " Our society have a fine church, well finished and furni.shed, free from debt, and we are happy to be able to furnish so respectable a place for wor- ship to those of any other denomination who believe in God as the Maker and Ruler of all things." ST. pkter's (catholic) church, cohocton This church is situated at the village of Liberty. Rev. Michael Steger was the first missionary priest who officiated here with a view of erecting a church edifice. He built the present St. Peter's church in 1861. The building is a frame structure, 34 by 48 feet, and cost about $1400. The first board of trustees consisted of Conrad Shults, John Gehrig, and Theodore Lichius. Since Father Steger, the following priests have oflieiated here as missionaries, holding services once a month : Rev. F. R. Mazuret, Rev. L. Vanderpoel, Rev. M. J. Darcy, Rev. S. B. Gruber, Rev. A. Bachmann, Rev. E. Niebling, and Rev. A. Geisenhoff. Rev. Joseph Feuger is the present resident pastor. The present trustees are Matthew Haag and Jacob Stein. ST. Paul's (Lutheran) church, cohocton. The original members of this church formerly belonged to the Lutheran Church at Perkinsville, in the town of Wayland. On account of the distance which they had to go to attend worship, it was decided to establish a church at Liberty, which was done in 1860, under the ministry of Rev. Mr. Strobel. The building, when erected, was 30 by 40 feet, and since then an enlargement of 16 feet has been added to the rear end. The first trustees were Philip Zimmer, Henry Swingle, Henry Hengle, Philip Bortz. The following ministers have served this church in the order named : Rev. Mr. Hasscarl, Rev. Edward Werner, Rev. M. During, Rev. F. Spindlcr, Rev. Edward Barman, Rev. August Weisel, Rev. Mr. Himmbler, and the present pastor. Rev. Mr. Herr. EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ZION CHURCH, COHOCTON. This church is situated southwest of the depot, at the village of Liberty. The building is a plain wooden struc- ture, 30 by 40 feet, and was erected as a house of worship by the society which separated from St. Paul's Lutheran Church, in 1869. Rev. Mr. Beauragard was the first pa.s- tor, under whose ministry the building was erected. Since him have been Rev. Mr. Tele, Rev. Jacob Smith, Rev. Mr. Hernlein, Rev. Jacob Bockthaler, Rev. Jacob Steinhenser, and the present pastor, Rev. Louis Zuber. The present board of trustees of the society consists of Philip Volts, Philip Dantz, and Godfrey Flashman. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF NORTH COHOCTON. So far as can be ascertained, the first Methodist services were held in this part of the town in 1816, by Rev. Mr. Adgate and Rev. Micah Segar, an elder brother of Prof. Segar, formerly of Lima. These ministers formed a class, of which the following persons were members: Eloazer Dewey and wiic, James and Mary Moulton, Abigail Moul- ton, Timothy Dewey and wife, David Lusk, Caleb Boss and wife. Among the earliest ministers were Revs. Fowler, Arnold, and Cummins. It has been impossible, in the absence of records, to obtain the names in full and times of service of all the ministers, but the following, furnished by Mr. Rice Moulton and others, may be presumed to be a tolerably correct list : Revs. Zina J. Buck, Cyrus Story, Benager Williams, Stephen Trimbly, Henry Wisner, Wil- liam Jones, George Wilkinson, Theodore McElhenny, Robert Parker, Joseph Ashworth, Pingree, J. B. McKin- ney, Verannus Brownell, Samuel Parker, Atchison, Pinder, A. C. Hayward, Anderson, Spinks, Hall, and Sanford. Since 1850 the records show the following ministers: Rev. Henry Harps, 1851; Rev. John J. Brown, 1853; Rev. John Knapp, 1855; Rev. Mr. Dunnegan, 1856; Rev. A. D. Edgar, 1858; Rev. Stephen Brown, 1862; Rev. W. W. Mandeville, 1864; Rev. J. Dunnegan, 1865-66; Rev. 246 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. N. N. Beers, 1867; Rev. S. M. Merritt, 1868; Rev. C. G. Curtis, 1869; Rev. J. B. Countryman, 1871-72; Rev. J. E. Tiffany, 1873-75; Rev. J. L. King, 1875-76; Rev. G. W. Terry, 1877, present pastor. In 1846 the church edifice was built, and was repaired and enlarged in 1868. The church has good, comfortable sheds and a parsonage. The present membership is 113, with an attendance at the Sunday-school of 157. R. P. Moulton, superintendent. The present trustees are E. S. Carpenter, S. G. Smith, H. S. Shattuck, W. Walden, T. J. Cornish. Mr. Rice Moulton has been a member of this church for fifty-eight years, and during a good portion of the time has been class-leader. He was born at Saratoga Springs in 1805, and came to Cohocton in 1815. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, LENT HILL. About the year 1831 a class was formed on Lent Hill by Rev. Mr. Norris, and worshiped in a log school-house on the corner opposite the present church. In 1834 a church was erected and dedicated by Rev. Mr. Buck. The society was known as the First Union Society of Cohocton and Prattsburgh. The first trustees were P. Hatch, H. Ketch, D. Field, R. Stanton, E. Holcomb, and J. D. Smith. H. Ketch, class-leader. The society has about 40 members. TEMPERANCE. There has always been a strong temperance element in this town. The Sons of Temperance and several temper- ance societies have flourished in Cohocton, and their labors have been fruitful of a great deal of good. This town for the past five years have much to their credit voted no license. VILLAGE OF LIBERTY. The village of Liberty is situated on the Rochester and Corning branch of the New York and Erie Railroad, fifty- nine miles southeast of Rochester and thirty-five miles from Corning. It contains six churches, three hotels, five stores of general merchandise, two drug-stores, one hardware- store, one jewelry, two clothing-houses, three millinery- shops, two merchant tailoring establishments, two barber- shops, one flour- and feed-store, two boot- and shoe-shops, one photograph gallery, two harness-shops, two meat-mar- kets, one weekly newspaper and job-office, five blacksmith- shops, two restaurants, two carriage-shops, one cabinet and furniture establishment, one cigar manufactory, one shingle- mill, one saw- and planing-mill and lumber-yard, one agri- cultural warehouse, one large hay- and straw-press, two grain warehouses, one grist-mill, one public hall, post-oflBce, express and telegraph offices, a prosperous public school, and flourishing lodges of Ma.sons and Knights of Honor. The village was named Liberty from a liberty-pole hav- ing been raised here on the first Fourth of July after the organization of the town. FREEMASONS. Liberty Lodge, No. 510, F. and A. M. — This lodge was chartered Jan. 15, 1801, the charter being signed by Fin- lay M. King, Grand Master, and James M. Austin, Grand Secretary. The charter members were as follows : Albur- tus Larrowe, Stephen D. Shattuck, John Kellogg, James Draper, Benjamin Warner, A.sa Adams, and Hiram Dewey. First Officers. — Alburtus Larrowe, M. ; Stephen D. Shat- tuck, S. W. ; John Kellogg, J. W. ; James Draper, Sec. The lodge now contains about 60 members, and is in a flourishing condition. It has frequently distinguished itself by acts of charity, not known to the uninitiated. Fresent Officers. — Stephen D. Shattuck, M. ; J. M. Crouch, S. W. ; E. A. Draper , J. W. ; I. L. Goff, S. D. ; Henry Finch, J. D. ; Monroe Harris, Treas. ; Thomas Warner, Sec; Rev. S. T. Dean, Chap.; C. H. Beyer, Tyler. Masonic Hall is situated in the Warner Block, a fine large building, erected by Thomas Warner in 1871. ODD-FELLOWS. A lodge of Odd-Fellows was organized in the year 1848, but prospered only a short time, owing to conflicting ele- ments. Among the members are many prominent names: Frank Larrowe, C. J. McDowell, J. H. Mills, A. Larrowe, Morris Grey, James Draper, D. H. Wilcox, Peter Van Houghton, Austin Hall, John Kellogg, A. C. Marvin, Amos Chard, M. T. Conley, Andrew Moore, and others. KNIGHTS OF HONOR. Cohocton Lodge, No. 944, was organized March 9, 1878, with 25 charter members. The officers were as follows: C. E. Thorp, D. ; M. W. Harris, V. D. ; M. A. Peck, A. D. ; I. L. Goff^, P. D. ; E. A. Draper, R. ; T. R. Harris, F. R. ; J. M. Reynolds, Treas.; Rev. D. W. Gates, Chap. ; C. H. Stone, G. ; J. M. Cavenaugh, G. ; J. C. Green, S. The lodge now numbers 44 members. At a regular meeting of the lodge held at their rooms on Monday evening, Dec. 23, 1878, the following officers were duly elected for the ensuing term, ending July 1, 1879 : Dr. I. L. Goff, D. ; Thomas Warner, V. D. ; G. E. W. Herbert, A. D. ; E. A. Dra per. R. ; A. H. Weld, F. R.; A. J. Hyland, Treas.; C. E. Hall, Chap.; C. H. Stone, G.; J. C. Green, G.; C. H. Beyer, S. ; C. E. Thorp, P. D. ; M. W. Harris, S. H. Leavitt, P. F. Horr, Trustees. PHYSICIANS. Liberty has the following physicians : Allopathic— L. B. Healey, M.D., and I. L. Goff, M.D. Homoeopathic. — W. D. Saxton, M.D., and E. M. White, M.D. THE PRESS. The first newspaper established in Cohocton was in 1859, by Wm. Wait Warner, and was called the Cohocton Journal; only issued about two years, when Mr. Warner moved West. The next paper was a weekly paper, published by H. B. Newell in 1872, called the Cohocton Herald, and shortly afterwards purchased by James C. Hewitt and changed to the Cohocton Tribune; and in 1875 wa.s bought by Wm. A. Carpenter and changed to the Cohocton Valley Times, which is still published by Mr. Carpenter. It is a well- conducted weekly, independent in politics. TOWN OF COHOCTON. 247 THE LUMBERING INTERESTS. The lumbering business has been one of the most im- portant, and we may say one of the most lucrative, indus- tries of the town of Cohocton. In the year 1854, H. D. Graves, F. N. Drake, and Har- rison Harvey, of Le Roy, came to Liberty and entered into copartnership for the manufacture and dealing in lumber, under the firm-name of H. D. Graves & Co. They built their first mill about three miles from Liberty, between that place and Loon Lake. Some time after this, Mr. Z. Wa- terman became a partner, and Messrs. Graves and Harvey retired from the firm. Mr. Waterman was by no means successful as a lumberman, and, consequently, very soon tired of the enterprise and withdrew, leaving Mr. Drake sole owner. In the spring of 18G1 he invited Geo. W. Drake and Thomas Warner to make him a visit and join him in his favorite sport of trout-fishing, these speckled beauties being then plenty in some of the streams. This invitation was accepted, and during this fishing-excursion they became satisfied that there was more money in the lumber business, if sulficiently enlarged and properly con- ducted, than in the hardware trade, in which they were then engaged at Le Roy. They accepted an offer from Mr. Drake to become mem- bers of a firm, with a firm-name of F. N. Drake & Co., and immediately extended the business by making large purchases of timber, and bought the Davis mill, in Cohocton, and the Waterbury mill, at Wallace. This firm manufactured at least 8,000,000 feet of pine and hemlock lumber each year, and having bought their stock low, the rapid advance of prices caused by the war soon made the members of the firm wealthy. In August, 1867, F. N. and G. W. Drake sold their interest to Mr. Thomas Warner, who has continued the business to the present time. During this time he moved what was called the big mill to the village, and located it just above the depot, near the railroad-track ; both arc now in operation. During the eleven years in which he has been engaged in this business he has given employment to a large number of men, and, consequently, disbursed large sums of money, that have told favorably on the business interests of the village. He has built two elegant dry-goods stores and owns several others, and has also erected at least a dozen dwelling-houses. NORTH COHOCTON. This village, situated in the northern part of the town, contains a Methodist Episcopal church, two dry-goods and general stores, one grocery, one hardware-store, one hotel, three milliner-shops, one jeweler's-shop, two blacksmith- shops, and one wagon-shop. There are here two large cooper-shops, one of which is run by steam, and manufac- tures 100,000 barrels per year. D. D. Clark and H. S. Shattuck own planing-mills. D. D. Clark manufactures largely heading and staves for cooperage. S. R. Abrams is a manufacturer of patent medicines ; J. Tonsett, harness- maker. C. H. Griesa carries on furniture and undertaking business. Theodore Griesa is a practical taxidermist, and has a fine collection of stuffed birds. There are three physicians practicing here, viz., Dr. A. L. Gilbert, Dr. E. S. Carpenter, and Dr. N. F. Wetmore. Jasper Partridge, Esq., is justice of the peace. A We.sleyan Methodist Church organization exists in this part of the town. Their meeting-house is a mile north, at the county line. The Free Methodists also have an organization, but no house of worship. The North Cohocton post-ofiice was established by Eleazer Hall in 1853, under President Pierce. He was superseded by Asa Adams, who continued to hold the office till April 21, 1871. A. G. Jockman was his successor, and was superseded in 1876 by Ezra S. Carpenter. A flourishing union school is situated between this and Blood's Station, — H. W. English, Principal ; Miss Sarah Sutton, Teacher in the Intermediate Department; Mrs. Mary Arnold, Teacher of the Primary Department. Trus- tees : Milan J. Tyler, President; Horace Stodard, Wm. Sherman, Charles Tiffany ; H. W. Hatch, Secretary. The union school was established in 1872, and the house built in 1874. It is a three-story frame building, and cost $4000. The total expenditure for school purposes the past year was $1500. The assessed value of taxable property in the district is about $200,000. Solomon Hubbard was the first merchant in North Cohocton. After his death William A. Gilbert purchased the building and carried on mercantile business for over thirty years. Dr. Blakslee, of Patcliin's Mills, first prac- ticed medicine here. He died within a few years in Wis- consin, about one hundred and five years of age. blood's STATION. This is a thriving little hamlet on the railway, and the point of departure for the stage-route to Naples and Can- andaigua. A post-ofiice was established at Blood's, April 21, 1871, through the instrumentality of Mr. Asa Adams, who was the first postmaster. Mr. John D. Hendryx succeeded him in 1877. Blood's Station is fifty-five miles from Rochester, by the Rochester branch of the Erie Railway. It has one drug- and grocery-store, and one general and dry-goods-store, L. D. Hodgman ; one hardware-store, Hiram D. Hatch ; one clothing-store, Peter Roeker ; general merchandise, Thos. J. Cornish ; flouring- and grist-mills, David S. Wait; steam saw-mill, A. Van Wie ; planing, moulding, and feed steam-mill, John W. Mattice ; steam saw- and shingle-mill, Hiram G. Clark. There is one hotel, the Mountain View House, kept by Oliver Rico. The Baptist Church at this place was organized in 1875, and has a neat fiamed church edifice and a Sunday-school numbering 75 scholars and teachers. The trustees are Monroe Harris, J. J. Crouch, J. A. Shultz, J. D. Hendryx, and Wheeler Ciason. The pastor. Rev. S. T. Dean, settled over the society June 19, 1875. Besides the business above mentioned at the station, there are three grain warehouses, owned respectively by Caprin & Fowler, Mjller & Co., and H. W. Hatch, doing a large business. MILITARY RECORD OF COHOCTON. Shaltiick, L. Brace, capt., 3otli Inf., Co. F ; enl. June 11, 1861, two years ; pro.capt. Hewitt, Janic9 C, 1st sergt., 351h Inf., Co. F; enl. June 11, ISGl.two years; pro. l8t sergt, Oct. 21, ISlil. * Wilcox, Carlos II., 5tli sergt., 35th Eegt., Co. F ; enl. June 11, lS61,two years; pro. to 5th sergt., Oct. 21, 1861. 248 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Cunningham, Geoi-ge, private, S.'ith Inf., Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years; re-enl. Hth H. Art., Co. D, July 11, 180:i, three yeara. Dunn, Daniel B., private, 35rli Inf., Co. F ; enl. June 15, 1861, two years ; disch. Feb. 11, 1803, for disability. McDowell, Wra. H., Sd Bergt , 35th Inf., Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years; pro. to .3d sergt., Oct. 21, I8GI. St. John, William H., 2d sergt., 35th Inf., Co. F ; enl. June 11, 1861, two years ; pro. to 2d sergt., Oct. 21, 1861. Chapman, William H., private, 36th Inf., Co. F ; enl. June 11, 1861, two years. Spike, Oliver P., private, 35tli Inf, Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years. Draper, Frank M., Ist Corp., 35th Inf., Co. F ; enl. June 11, 1861, three years. Grieves, JohnTvth corp., 35th Inf, Co. F ; enl. June 11, 1861, two years ; pro. to 7lh Corp., Feb. 20, 1863. Carmen, Wm., private, 35th Inf., Co. F ; enl. June 11, 1861, two years. Koapp, Myron, private, 35th Inf., Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years; died in h"sp. at Falls Church, Va., July 25, 1862, of t.vphoid fever. Rain, John, private, 35th Inf., Co. F ; enl. Juno 11, 1861, two years. Horr, Benjamin, private, .35th Inf, Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years. Gill, John, private, 36th Inf, Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years; re-enl. March 28, 1804, three yeara. Bandolpli, George, private, 35th Inf, Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years; died at W.oshington, D. C. Wood, Reuben W., private, 35th Inf., Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years. Brown, Coello Fernando, private, 101st Inf, Co. I; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Mattice, Theodore, private, 161st Inf., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years. Haynar, David James, private, 14th Art.; enl. Jan. 5, 1804, three years; wounded; died at McDougal Hospital, N. Y., Oct. 4 or 5, 18C4. Rowe, Lemuel, private, 161st Inf, Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Hoaglin, William Wallace, 2d sergt., I61st Inf, Co. F ; enl. Aug. 27, 1862, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Nostrand, Samuel, private, IGlst Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Wise, Eodolphus, private, 161st Inf., Co. F; enl. \vg. 21, 1802, three years. Wise, Benjamin, private, lOlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug 21, 1862, three years. Tan Atteii, John, Corp., 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three yeai'S. Eex, William, private, IGlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Ehruharth, Albright, private, 30lli Inf, Co. F ; enl. May 25, 1864, thiee years; disch. July 17, 1805, at Washington, D. C. Eldred, Luther Bailey, private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl Aug. 21,1802, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Byer, Charles, 1st sergt., IGlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, tliree years; pro. to 1st sergt., April 9, 1863; wounded at Sabine Pass. Dunn, Daniel B, private, Hth II. Art., Co. B; enl. Jan. 5. 1864, three years; re-enl.; wounded in Ihe foot, March 25, 1805; wounded in the abdomen in front of Petersburg and taken prisoner; paroled March 30, 1865 ; disch. July 1, 1866. Totten, James II., 161st Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years. Blackrich, Gregory, private, IGlst Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Tyler, Milon F., private, IGlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Monlton, James H., private, 175th inf., Co. A; enl. March, 1804, three years. Tagua, Samuel, private, IGlst Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. for disab., Aug. 10, ISG'I. Ressicker, Nicholas Van, private, IbL-it Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1803, three years; died at New Iberia, La., Nov 19, 1863. Wemple, Ephras V., 2d Corp., 107th Inf., Co. G ; enl. July 17, 1862, three years ; disch. for disability, Feb. 3, 1803. Fisher, Stilman S., 1st sergt., 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 27, 1862, three years; died of disease at Baton Rouge, April 9, 1803. Kessicker, Jacob, private, 14th Art. ; enl. March, 1864, three years ; died at EI- mira, not long after he enlisted. Bocker, George, private, 164th Inf, Co. H; enl. March 31, 1864, three years; committed suicide, Feb. 1864, in the service. Bacon, Austin H., Jr., private, 189tll Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 20, 1864, one year ; died of typhoid fever on a transport from City Point to Baltimore, about Feb. 3, 1806. Sbults, Andrew, private, lG4th Inf; enl. March 31, 1864, three years; disch. July 15, 1865. Tamling, Benjamin W., private, 164th Regt., Co. A; eol. March 31, 1864, three years ; disch. July 15, 1865. Stetson, Reuben E., private, 164th Inf., Co. B; enl. March 31. 1864, three years; discharged. Knoodle, John, Jr., private, IGlst Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; died at Elmira, Dec. 2, 1862. Campbell, John, private, IGlst Inf, Co. F; enl. .\ug. 21,1802, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1805. Wait, Benjamin, 1st Corp., 161st Inf. Co. F; enl. .\ug. 21, 1862, three years. Bush, William Wesley, private, IGlst Inf, Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three yeat«. Watkins, Edwin F., lOlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Raymond, A. C, private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Alleu, Robert, IGlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years; disch. at New York, Aug. 24, 1863. Clayton, Henry, private, 161st Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 18G2, three years; died at Elmira, N. Y., Nov. 20, 1802. • Hewitt, Charles M., private, 101st Inf., Co. F; enl. .\ug. 21, 1862, three years; died at Elmira, N. Y., Nov. 20, 1802. Townsend, Chester, private, 101st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21. 1862. tliree years; disch. for disability, March 18, 1863. Foster, Hollister, private, lOlst Inf., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Avery, Gilbert F., corp., 161st Inf., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Walling, Samuel S., capt., IGIst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21,1862, three years; wounded near the eye and month. Praper, Edwin A. , 2il lieut. 161st Regt., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, two years; res. June 1, 1864; re-enl. 189th Regt., N. Y. Vols., Co. G, Sept. 28, 1864, one year; pro. to 1st lieut. Jencks, James D., private, IGlst Inf, Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21,1862, three years; must, out Aug. 30, 1865. Craig, William, private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; pro. to Corp., Feb. 9, 1804. Young, Joseph, private, IGlst Inf, Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Avery, John A., private, IGlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; died at New York, Jan. 1, 1863. Waggoner, Nicholas, private, 161st Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years. Moore, Robert!., private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. March 4, 1805. Falts, Nicholas, private, 161st Inf, Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years ; died at Simsport, La., May 17, 1864. Greives, Charles, private, IGlst Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. Aug. 24, 1803, at Baton Rouge, La. Edmonds, John F., Corp., 161st Inf., Co.F; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years. Morrison, George, private, 161st Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. for disability, Feb. 23, 1863, at Alexandria, Va. Wellington, Trimball, private, IClst Inf, Co. F; inl. Aug. 21,1802, three years; committed suicide, June 25, 1863, at Baton Rouge. Filder, Henry, private, 161st Inf., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years ; died at Sinisport, La., May 17, 1864. Knoodle, John, Sr.. 4th sergt., 161st Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21,1862, three years; wounded in hip; taken prisoner, April 8, 1864; disch. March 4, 1865, ut Baton Rouge. Lyon, Josiah B., private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. at Baton Rouge, Aug. 24, 1863. Barber, Orlando, private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 18G2, three years; died of wounds received at Sabine Cross Roads, April 8, 1864. Stanton, Elij.ah, private, lOlst Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1S62, three years; died at Elmira, N. Y., Nov. 20, 1862. Geer, William H., private, IGlst Inf, Co.F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; died at New York, Nov. 28, 1862. Tripp, Sidney R., private, 161st Inf, Co.F; enl. Aug. 21, 1 802, three years; disch. at Elmira, Dec. 10, 1863, for disability. Webster, Willi.Tm B., private, IGlst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years ; disch. March 4, 1802, for disability. Catner, Daniel S., private, 101st Inf. Ch). F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years ; disch. Sept. 23, 1805, for disability. Cranmer, Harvey B., 101st Inf, Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21. 1802, three years. Adair, John, IGI.-t Regt., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years ; disch. Aug. 29, '64. Mattice, David II., 3d sergt., 161st Inf, Co. F ; enl. ,4ug. 21, 1802, three years; disch. by general Older 122. Hulbert, Isaac, private, 101st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; disch. at Elmira, N. Y., 1SC2. Wager, John, private, IGIst Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years ; died at Vicksburg, Miss., Nov. 14, 1864. Stowe, Lysis, private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; died at Perry, N. Y., Nov. 23, 1862 Glover, Rodolph R , private, 161st Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years ; disch. July 25, 1805, for disability. Miles, William, private, 4th Regt.; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years. Blackcreek, (ieorge, private, 4th H. Art., Co. G ; eul. Jan. 5, 1804, three yeais; disch. Sept. 26, 1865. Blood, James H., private; enl. Feb. 13, 1864, three years; found dead at Elmira, N. Y., not long after he enlisted. Pierce, Silas N., capt., Gth Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 27, 1861, three years ; pro. to corp , Sept. 27, 1801 ; to Gth sergt., Jan. 27, 1802 ; to 1st sergt., Dec. 1, 1802 ; re-enl., same regt. and Co., Dec. 15, 1863; pro. to capt.. May 4, 1866; wounded in left side at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1804. Day, John, private; enl. Jan. 4, 1SG4, three years. Ressiiikei, Jacob, private; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years; died at Elmira, not lung after enlistment, of fever. Jones, Franklin, private ; enl. Jan. 13, 186-1, three years. Clason, Mon roe, private, 4th H. Art , Co. L ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years ; disch . Oct. 2, 1865. Maclany, .lames, private; enl. Jan. 3, 1864, three years. Snyder, John, private, 35th Regt., Co. F; enl. June 11, 1861, two years; disch. June II, 1863; re-enl. 6th Cav., Co. C, Jan. 16, 1804, three ye.irs ; tiiken prisoner; disch. June 5, 1865. Morehouse, Ira H., private, 35th Regt., Co. F; enl. June 11, 1801, two years; disch. Juno 11, 1863 ; re-enl. Olh Cav., Co. C, Jan. 20, 18G4, three years. Leggett, Charles M., private, 4th II. .\rt., Co. L; enl. Jan. 3, 1804, three years ; must, out Oct. 2, 1805. Rowe, Christian, private, 14th H. Art.; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years. Stine, Jacob, private, 14lh H. .\rt. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Reeves, George II., private, 4th .Yrt., Co. L; enl. Jan. 3, 1864, three years, narrim, Harvey E., private, Hth II. Art.; eul. Jan. 4, 1804, three years. Epley, Franklin, private, I4th H. .\rt., Co. B ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. TOWN OF COHOCTON. 249 Flynn, Angwine, private ; enl. Jan. 3, 18G4, tliree years. Roberts, Ilinim, private, 22<1 Cav., Co. G; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years. Spike, Oliver P., Ut sergt.Gth Cav., Co. F; enl. Jan. 3, 18G4, three years; pro. to Corp., Dec. U, 186;J; to 4th sergt., Jan. 1, 1805; to lat sergt., May 1, 1865. Narraccny, Samuel, privatp ; enl. Jan. 3, 1804, three years. Grives, William, private, 4th H. Art., Co. L ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years; must. out, Oct. 2, 1865. Brown, Ezekiel, 1st corp., 14l8t Inf., Co. E; enl. Ang. 20, 18G2, three yeare ; disch. June 8, ISGo. Finch, Edmond Jacob, private, Gth Cav., Co. C; enl. Jnly 28, 1862, three years; wonnded in the arm ; disch. on account of wound, Jan. 18, I860. Fincks, Charles Edwin, private, 7Sth Inf., Co. F; enl. March lu, 1862, three years; re-enl. 78th Uegt., Ci>. F, three years; disch. Jnly 15, 1865. Waahbiirn, William, capt., lH9th Inf., Co. G'; enl. Aug. 19, 18C4, one year. Kimball, Elbert E., Ist sergt., 189th Uegt., Co. G; enl. Ang. 20, 1864, one year. Wetniore, Edwin H., Gth Corp., ISOth Inf.. Co. G; enl. Aug. 29, 1SG4, one year. Carpenter, Fnmk, private, 189th Inf, Co, G; enl. Aug. 29, lSG4,one year ; disch. May 30, I860. Carpenter, Simeon D., private, lS9th Inf., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year ; di.«rh. May 30, 18G5. Covell, John H., private, 189th Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 25, 1SC4, one year. Cleland, Luther, private, 189tb Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 23, 1864, one year. Dean, Honce, private, 189th Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 16, 1864, one year. Pemerest, Nelson H., private, 189th Inf., Co. G; enl. Ang. 30, 1864, one year. Eckerman, Jacob, private. IS'Jth Inf., Co. G; enl. Ang. IS, 1864, one year. French, Willard L., private, 189ili Inf.,Co.G; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year. Ferris, Luther L., private, 189tli Inf., Co. G; eul. Aug. 23, 1864, one year. Gurnsey, Roberta, private, lS9th Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Hewitt, George M., Jr., private, 189ih Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year. Ilartcr, Leonard, private, lS9th Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 31, 1864, one year. HufTman, Peter, private, 189lh Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 19, 1864, one year. Harris, James, piivate, 189th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year. Ha.ssell, Chas. F., private, lS9tb Regt., Co G; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. one year. Hunt, Philip, private, 189th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 1, 1S64, one year. Johnson, Oscar, i)rivate, 189th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year. I'eck, Silsbe, private, 188th Regt, Co. G; enl. St*pt. 1, 1864, one year. Prete, Tbaddeus W., private, lS9th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 12, 18G4, one year. Palmeiiter, Jary A., private, 189th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 19, 1864, one year. Peterson, Elmer, pi ivale, 189th Kegt-, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 17, 1S64, one year. Roberts, Lorenzo, private, lH9th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 23, 1864, one year. Reyncdds, Vincent L., private, 189th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 19, 1864, one year. Randolph, John S., private, 189th Regt., Ck G; enl. Aug. 27, 1864, one year. Sonri.ier, Bolster, privstte, 189th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Clayton, Walter C, private, 189th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year. Smith, Hugh, private, 189th R-^gt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 18G4, one year. Wilkinson. Haskell, private, 189ih Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 19, ISGi, one year. Williamson, George W., private, 189th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 17, 1864, one year. Wagoner, Jacob, private, 189t]i Regt., Co, G; eid. Aug, 20, 1864, one year. Wood, Andrew Jackson, private, 189th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 22, 1864, one year. Zuzenfuse, William, private, lS9th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 18, 1864. Conrad, Chris., private, 189th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 26, 1864, one year; died of disease at City Point Hospital, Va., March 20, 1865. Van Wormer, Fayette M., private, 189th Inf., Co. G; enL Ang. 26, 1864, one year; died of typhoid fever at Cohocton, Feb. 7, 1865. Brown, Gaylord, private, 35th Inf., Co. F ; enl. June 11, 1861, two years; disch. Ang. 1801. for disability. Hatta«, Chester H., private, l07th Inf., Co. F; enL July 28, 1862, three years; disch. June 5, 1865. ■\Varing, John, private, 189th Inf., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 18G4, one year; disch. Wheaton, Henry M., private, 189th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year ; died at City Point, Dec. 1864. Haight, Edgar S., private, 189th Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year; died at City Point of typhoid fever. Parley, Abbot, private, Gth Cav., Co. C; enl. Sept. 17, 1861, three years; disch. Dec. 16, 1863 ; re-enl. 6th Cav., Co. C, Dtc. 16, 186;i, three years ; disch. Aug. 186.5. Wemple, Ephraim V., private; 28th Bat. ; eul. Sept. 1, 1864, one year; trans, to 112th Inf, Oct. 5, 1864; disch. June 31, 1865 ; re-enlisted. Woodwurtb, Henry P., sergt., 104th Inf., Co. E; eul. Oct. 23,1861, three years; re-enl. 104th Inf, Co. E, Feb. 28, 1864, three years ; taken pris. Aug. 21, 1864 ; released March, I860 ; died at Cohocton, March, 1865. Clason, Monroe, private, 6th Cav., Co. C; three years; disch. Sept. 12, 1863, at Harper's Ferry, Va ; re-enl. 4tli H. Art., Co. L, Jan, 4, 1864, three years ; di.sch. Oct, 2, 1865. Vankleech, George, private, 104th Regt., Co. E; enl. Oct. 1861, three years; killed at 2d Bull Run. Hall, Charics E., sergt., 189th Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Stone, Cyrus HoIIiday, sergt., 189th Inf, Co. G; enl. Ang. 29, 1864, one year. Patterson, Orin James, private, IGlst Inf, Co. K ; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year; disch. July 13, 1865. Farley, Jth Inf, Co. F; enl. June 11, 1862, two years ; disch. for disability, Nov. 22,1861. Hewett, Julius A., private, 6th Cav., Co. F; enl. Sept. 24, ISGl, three years. Cole, Samuel L., private, 4th H. Art., Co. K ; enl. Dec. 7,1863, three years. Wheeler, Wesley, private; enl, March 29, 1864, three years. Day, Leehman 11., capt,, l04th Inf., Co. B; enl, Oct. 7, 1861, three years; reg. April 8, 1862. Smith, Daniel, private, 104th Inf., Co. B; enl. Oct. 7, 1861, three years. Ressicker, Andrew, private, lS8th Inf., Co. D ; onl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year. Davis, Aetna, 2d lieut., 13th Inf., Co. K ; enl. Aug. 1, 1862, two years; pro. to 2d lient., Oct.9, 1862; trans, to 140th Regt., June 20, 1863; must, out by general order 147, July 1, 1863. Randolph, William, private, 189th Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Kimball, Luther M., private, lS9tli Inf., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year; died at Eluiira, N. Y., Oct. 1864. Walder, John, p; ivate, 3.'jth Regt., Co, F; enl, June 11, 18C2, two years, Bennett, George H., private, 189th Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Carey, Albert L., private, 189th Kegt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 18G4, one year. Roberts, Lorenzo, private, 189th Inf., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Drake, Aaron P., private; enl. Sept. 9, 1804, one year. Clayton, Roswell, private; enl. Sept. 1864, one year. HuUz, Jacob, private; enl. Sept. 1864, one year. Walling, Clinton, private ; enl. Sept. 1864, one year. Weaver, Caleb W., private, 22d Cav., Co. G; enl. Feb. 12, 1864. one year. \Vilaon, Jerry, i)rivale, 3il Cav., Co. A ; enl. June 13, 1801, three years. Webster, Lynnvn, private, IGlet Inf., Co. I'*; eul. Aug. 21, 18G2, three years. Tompkins, George H., priva'e, Gth Cav., Co. C ; enl. Sept. 30, 18G1, three yeaiB; wounded in the shoulder; taken piis. and sent to Ricbniund ; rc-enl. April 22, 1864, three years. Kellogg, Murray, private, 78th Inf., Co. F; enl. March 5, 1862, three years; disch. Feb. 4, 1863, for disab.; re-enl. 14th H. Art., Co. D, Jan. 3. 186», three years; wounded in front of Petersburg; disch. at Rochester, July 13, 1865, on account of wound. Pierce, John, capt., Gth Cav., Co. F; enl. Sept. 27, 1861, three yeara; pro. to capt. Sept. 6, 1862; wounded arid taken pris. at Morton's Ford, on the Rapidan River, Dec. II, 1863; not been heard from since. Crawford, James N.. sergt., Gth Cav., Co. C; enl. Sept. 27,1861, three years; pro. to Corp., Dec. 14. 1863 ; to sergt. ; re-enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Spike, James H., 3d vorgt. ,0th Cav., Co. F; eul. Sept. 27, 1861, three years ; taken pris. June 11, 18G4 ; not been heard from since at Florence. Beckwitb, Morton, private, Gth Cav., Co. C; three years. Nichoson, Clark, private, 6th Cav., Co. C; three ycai-s; trans, to Inv. Corps. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GEORGE W. DRAKE was born in Milton, Chittenden Co., Vt., Jan. 26, 1820. He was next to the youngest in a family of ten children of Elijah and Polly (Tumbling) Drake, — the former a native of New Windsor, Conn., born in 1773 ; the latter a native of Lee, Mass., born in 1780. His father was one of the vol- unteer in the war of 1812, and was at the battle of Platts- burgh. He lived at New Haven, Conn., for many years, and carried on the tanning and currying business. During the latter part of his life he lived in Milton, Vt., and wa.s a farmer by occupation. The majority of the children were born while the family resided in New Haven. He died at the age of fifty-six. His wife survived him many years, and died at about the age of eighty-four, in Columbus, Wis., where she was residing with her youngest sou, San- ford C. Drake. George W. was only nine years old when his father died. His mother having married again, he came with tlie family to Le Roy, Genesee Co., in 1830, where he remained on a farm until 1839, when he with his older brother, Franklin N. Drake, formed a copartnership in the grocery and pro- vision business. This business was carried on successfully until 1842, when he disposed of liis interest in the business to his brother, and went to Battle Creek, Mich., and opened 250 HISTORY OP STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. a general mcrcliandisc store, whicli he continued, however, only some three years, and returned to New York. AVhile a resident of Michigan, in 1842, he married Sarah, daugh- ter of Adam Willis, of Bethany, Genesee Co., N. Y., and after his return settled in Lo Roy, and engaged with his brother in the grocery business. He was successful in Le Roy in this business, in the hardware trade, and as a farmer, until 1861, when he removed to the town of Co- hocton, and in company with Thomas Warner, now a lead- ing and enterprising business man of that place, entered into a partnership with his brother, Franklin N. Drake, in the lumber business and general merchandise. This busi- ness had been established in Cohocton by his brother in 1 854. Prior to settling in Cohocton, in 1847, his wife died, leaving him one son. Davi 1 S. Drake, who is now associated with his uncle, Franklin N. Drake, of Corning, in business, and is superintendent of the Blossburg Coal Company ; and one daughter, Mrs. John White, of A^'olga City, Iowa. For his second wife he married, in 1849, Harriet, daughter of Abial Lewis and Nancy P. Roberts, of Le Roy, Genesee Co. Of this union were born Mrs. Myron W. Harris, Louis F., Herbert W., and Charles P., of Cohocton. Mr. Drake re- mained in business in the town of Cohocton, attending to the mercantile part, until 1866, when he assumed the entire mercantile interest of the firm, and in 1867 he disposed of this to his son-in-law, Mr. Myron W. Harris, who is now a prominent and successful merchant at Liberty, and the same year disposed of his lumber interest to Thomas Warner. As early as 1865 he had taken an interest in the Bless Coal- Mining and Railroad Company, with his brother, which interest was retained until 1871, one year after his death, which occurred April 27, 1870. His wife died in the fall of 1868. He never took an active interest in political matters, but gave his whole attention to a bu-siness life. Mr. Drake was a man of remarkable bu.-5iness capacity, pos- sessed of social and marked characteristics that made him esteemed by all with whom he came in contact. He was known as a man of strict business integrity, and interested in all matters of local improvement, good society, and the education of the young. TIIOxMAS C. ARMSTRONG was born in Charleston, Montgomery Co., N. Y., March 22, 180!). His grandfather, Nathan Armstrong, was a soldier of the Ri.volutionary war, was a resident of Mont- gomery County for a few years, removed to Otsego County, town of Eutternuts, where the family lived until the year 1815, and came to Steuben County, town of Cohocton, ac- companied by his sons, Martin and James. The previous year (1814) one son, Jonathan, and two sons-in-law, Flint and Elliott, came here ; the former died the same year, the latter resided in the town until their death. The grandfather and two sons settled on one hundred acres of land on the Robert L. Bound's tract. The whole township at that time was almost an unbroken wilderness. The next year (1816) the families of Nathan Armstrong and his son Martin removed to their new home in this county. The grandfather died in 1841, caused by a fracture of his hip, his wife having died several years before. Martin Armstrong, father of Thomas C., purchased the same year he came here eighty acres of timbered land, where his son and daughter now reside, the land having been the homestead of the family for some sixty-four years. Most of this land was cleared by Mr. Armstrong, Sr. He took a deep interest in all local improvements in the pioneer days of the town, built the first school-house in his i^ ;^^^ V own district, and also the one in the district north of him. He was a Democrat, but took no active part in politics. His wife was Margaretta Onderkirk, to whom he was married Jan. 28, 1798. She died April 17, 1799, leaving one son, Nathan. His second wife was Ruth Sawdy, born Feb. 8, 1783; married March 5, 1805. Their children, born in Montgomery County, are Hiram, Margaretta, Thomas C., James, Lucia ; and in this county, one daughter, Rhoda. Only four are living, and of this family of children, only one son, James, ever married. The father was an active, thorough-going man, a repre- sentative farmer, a man of sterling integrity and large benevolence. He was one of the pioneers of the town, and met the obstacles to settlement, law, and order with manly courage. He used to market his wheat by taking it in wagons to Albany, and bringing loads back for some mer- chants of Bath, — in striking contrast with the means of conveyance for marketing produce in 1878. He died Sept. 30, 1824 ; and it is a singular coincidence that two other brothers died on the same day of the month, in different years, and all of typhus fever. His wife died June 15, 1846. Mr. Thomas C. Armstrong, with his sisters Lucia and Rhoda, still occupy the homestead settled by their father. Mr. Armstrong was one of the first advocates of the free- school system in his town, was a Democrat prior to the formation of the Republican party, and is now an unswerv- ing supporter of Republican principles. He took strong ground against human bondage, and was a supporter of the Union cause during the late Rebellion. TOWN OF COHOCTON. 251 MRS. DAVID S. WAIT. DAVID S. WAIT was born in the town of Cohocton, on the farm where he now resides, Sept. 15, 1825. His father, Duty Wait, a native of West Greenwich, Kent Co., R. I., was born March 21, 1785, and married Hannah Wells, of Peters- burgh, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., Jan. 29, 1807. She was born June 12, 1790. They resided in the town of Peters- burgh for seven years, and removed to this county, settling in the town of Cohocton, July 4, 1814, on one hundred and four acres of land, to which Mi-. David S. Wait has made additions, and now owns some six hundred acres. Mr. Wait, Sr., was one of the pioneers of the Conhocton Valley, was a farmer during the remainder of his life, and cleared off the greater part of his land. He was a man of strict integrity of character, upright in all his business re- lations, quite active as a member of the Democratic party, for several years was assessor of the town, and was respected by all who knew him. He died Feb. 25, 1855. His wife died April 10, 1858. Their children were five sons and seven daughters, of whom the subject of this narrative was the third son. He received a good education in the common school and Frank- lin Academy, and assisted his father on the farm during his minority. At the age of twenty he became a teacher, and for five terms was a successful instructor. He learned surveying in a mathematical school at Bath, taught by a cadet of West Point, and from the age of twenty-three to thirty-three was on the farm with his father, and did considerable surveying, which he continues until the present time. In 1859 he married Mary, daughter of Adin and Nancy (Kenyon) Parmenter, of Wayland. She was born Feb. 17, 1831 ; is a lady of rare intelligence, and was a successful teacher of common and select schools for sixteen terms. Mr. Wait is known as a thrifty, enterprising agriculturist of the town, and to his farming interest be has added, within the last two years, milling, which he carries on at Blood's Station. He has ever been an unswerving member of the Democratic party, and, although not solicitous of political preferment, has held some positions of trust in the town, preferring the quiet and independence of a business life. He is interested in local matters of improvement, and gives his support for every object tending to educate the rising generation, and for two years officiated as superintend- ent of common schools. His correct habits, integrity in business, conscientious regard for the right, and open, free representation of any matter with which he is connected, are patent to all who know him. Their children are Eva, Guy, Letta, Grant, Seraph, David S., Ammorilla, and Ernest Duty. CORNING. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATIOtf The town of Corning, originally township No. 2 in the first range, is situated on the eastern border of Steuben County, and is the second town north from the Pennsyl- vania line. It is bounded north by Hornby, east by Che- mung County, south by Caton, and west by Erwin. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the town is divided into two nearly equal upland portions by the valley of the Chemung River, which extends northwest and southeast through nearly the centre. This valley and the valleys of the lateral stream divide the uplands into rounded hills and narrow ridges. The principal tributaries entering the Chemung River on the north are Borden, Post, Narrows, Clump Foot, and Win- field Creeks ; and on the south. Monkey Run and Steele's Creek. The soil upon the hills is a heavy slaty loam, and in the valleys a fine quality of sandy and gravelly loam, occasionally intermixed with clay. As an agricultural sec- tion the town will compare favorably with any other portion of the county. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlements in this town were made by Fred- erick Calkins, Ephraim Patterson, and his son Ichabod, in the autumn of 1789. Mr. Calkins was a native of Ver- mont. In the summer of 1789 he had located on laud in what is now the town of Erwin, near the present Erie Rail- road bridge, across the Conhocton River, and commenced clearing a farm; but finding he was on lands which had then been recently purchased by Col. Arthur Erwin, he withdrew, and in the autumn of that year erected his cabin on the south side of the Chemung River, opposite the Chimney Narrows. The following spring he became one of the original purchasers of the town of Corning. The deed to Mr. Calkins and his associates, Caleb Gardner, Ephraim Patterson, Justus Wolcott, Peleg Gorton, and Silas Wood, from Nathaniel Gorham and Oliver Phelps, for township No. 2 in the first range, or what is now Corning, was exe- cuted May 10, 1790, and recorded in Book 2 of Deeds, page 151, etc., in 1801. All the proprietors, except Silas Wood, took possession of their lands as early as 1792. Ephraim Patterson, in 1789, settled on the west bank of Post Creek, just above the Chimney Narrows, and his son, Ichabod, upon the old Neheniiah Hubbell farm. Frederick Calkins" farm of 140 acres, upon a portion of which he erected his cabin in 1789, was situated on lot 14, on which a part of the village of Corning now stands. The village was not then thought of, and for more than forty years after its site remained an unbroken wilderness, with the exception of a portion of the farm cleared by Mr. ^52 Calkins and the Bradley farm, which were afterwards in- cluded within its corporate limits. On the 15th of March, 1792, Caleb Gardner, Ephraim Patterson, Frederick Calkins, George Goodhue, Hezekiah Thurbor, and Justus Wolcott reconveyed to Oliver Phelps 10,040 acres of the lands of the town originally purchased of Phelps and Gorham. And April 4, 1792, Pelcg Gorton reconveyed 2000 acres to Oliver Phelps, which were not to include any intervale or flat lands. PARTITION OF THE LANDS. After the purchase of the tract now forming the town of Corning, the proprietors had it surveyed by John Konkle, and apportioned among them by Brenton Paine and Elijah Buck. The apportionment was made in 1792. In 1801, it not appearing that all parties were satisfied with the division, the questions in dispute were submitted to Wil- liam Jenkins, Eleazer Lindley, and John Hendy, to arbi- trate. Their report or award was soon after submitted. It left the original division undisturbed, but awarded certain sums to be paid some of the proprietors as compensation for difference in the value of the lands. This settled forever the questions of titles as among the first purchasers. In 1793, a log grist-mill was built on Post Creek, near the house of Ephraim Patterson, by a Mr. Payne and Col. Henderson. The first store was opened by Benjamin Eaton, in 1795. It was situated in what is now the highway at the head of the street leading from Knoxville to the Corning bridge. His first stock of goods was brought from Wattle's Ferry, now Unadilla, by a man named Comstock and Samuel Cook, a lad then of sixteen, whose father settled at Painted Post in 1792. They drifted down the Chemung in a canoe to Tioga Point, then poled their boat up the Susquehanna, drawing it upon the shore at night and sleeping under the trees. In five days they accomplished their journey, and set out upon their laborious return home. Col. Williamson, in 1796, purchased a tract of land on the north side of the Chemung River, since known as the Jennings farm, and commenced the erection of a large two- story frame building on the high-road for a first-class hotel. It was commodious and well furnished for those times, and was the first two-story frame house built in the town that was clapboarded, and completed in the best style the means at hand would permit. That it was well built, is evident from the fact that for eighty-two years it has withstood the elements. It is true, some years ago Mr. Sly repaired and painted the old building, so that it gives promise of lasting another eighty years. It was long known as the Jennings Tavern, on account of John Jennings having purchased the property in 1813 from the Pulteney estate, and kept a tavern there until his death in 1834. Col. Williamson, MR. B. F. BALCOM. vxjss^-^' MRS. B. P. balcoj:. REV. BENJAMIN F. BALCOM was born in Oxford, Chenango Co., N. T., January 11, 1810. His grandfather, Henry Balcom, was born in Worcester Co., Mass., and married Keziah Stowe. In 1790 they migrated from the State of Vermont to Chenango Co., N. Y. Of this union there were seven children, — Khoda, Fanny, Francis, Lefa, Samuel, Olive, and Sally. Mrs. Balcom was an exemplary Christian, and was one of the founders of the Presbyterian Church in Oxford in 1799. Of these children, Samuel was father of the subject of this narrative, and married Polly Knapp, in the year 1800, in Oxford ; was a farmer and lumberman by occupation, and worked some as a millwright, and at one time purchased some five thousand acres of land in Steuben Co., N. Y. Their children were Judge Lyman Balcom, of Painted Post; Eliza (Widow Pearsall), of Owego, N. Y. ; Luke (de- ceased) ; Fayette, of Oxford; Benjamin F. ; Harriet (Mrs. William Rhoads), of Wisconsin ; Uri, of Chicago; Judge Eansom Balcom, of Binghamton ; and George, of Kansas. The father died at the age of seventy-five, in Oxford, in the year 1847. The mother died at the age of seventy-five, in the year 1852. Benjamin P. Balcom remained at home until he was eighteen, during which time he received onh' a limited education. In the year 1828 he came to this county, returned in the fall of the same year, and Jan. 8, 1829, married Eliza A., daughter of Russell and Charlotte Root, of Oxford, N. Y. ; she was born Sept. 13, 1810. In July of the same year he moved his goods with an ox-team through the country from Oxford, and settled at Cam]ibell, on the farm now owned by Daniel Curtis. With his father's assistance be built two saw-mills, house, and barn, and began clearing oft' the original forest. To give a narrative of facts connected with his history there would be to give a sketch of the early history of the settlement of that part of the county. Ho remained there some six years, and purchased some twenty-four hundred acres of land in the town of Addison, retaining the same only about one year, when he sold it, realizing some fifteen thousand dollars. This was a remarkable success, considering that he had only his willing hands as capital when the purchase was made. He then removed to Campbell, and remained there as a farmer until 1857, and was known as one of the best agriculturists in Steuben County. At the age of twenty-five Mr. Balcom united with the Bap- tist Church. He became a close student of the Bible, and for years made it his study. In the year 1842 he was licensed to preach by the Baptist Church of Campbell and Erwin, and was ordained aminister of the Baptist denomination in March, 184.3. Since that time he has been pastor of the church at Corning for four years ; at Bath for one year ; organized a church at Painted Post and remained for four years ; at Hornby for one year ; at Campbell and Erwin for one year ; and as an Evan- gelist in this and surrounding counties for some twenty-five years. He is widely known as a zealous worker in protracted effort in the Baptist denomination, and his work and influence will remain as a monument of one of the pioneer Christian men of Steuben County. In the year 1857 he removed to the place where he now resides in the town of Corning, and pur- chased a farm which he still carries on. During his ministry of thirty -six years Mr. Balcom has never left an appointment unfilled, and he has every year for that period been engaged in a revival of religion. Their children are Benjamin, Eliza (deceased), John, Caro- line (deceased), James, drowned at Painted Post at the age of twenty-eight; William (deceased), Luke, and Mark. Elder Balcom and his wife are now in their sixty-eighth year of age, having lived happily together nearly half a century, and at the time of writing this sketch their cards are welcome to friends and relations, children and grandchildren, to cele- brate their fiftieth anniversary by a golden wedding on the 8th of January, 1879. XC^^> la^s/v^.-^/ Hon. John McBurney, the subject of this sketch, was born in Northampton County, in the State of Pennsylvania, on the 29th day of August, 1796. He was the son of Thoiiias McBurney, who witli his motlier and her family emigrated from County Antrim, in the north of Ireland, at the close of the llevolu- tionary war, to Northampton County, and was of the famous Scotch-Irish stock that have wcm such a reputation for their stalwart, firm, and genuine fighting qualities. Their influence in this country has ever been marked. Thomas McBurney married the daughter of the late Judge Mulholland, then one of the leading citizens of Northampton County. Thomas McBurney with his family emigrated to Steuben County about 1800, and purchased a farm in Uie then town of Painted Post, which is now occupied by 1), W. Fuller. He at once became a prominent man of the county ; was appointed sheriff in 1812, and after the e.\]iiration of his term was appointed first judge of the old Court of Common Pleas in 181fj. He became wealthy, and wielded great political influence in the county. He died in 1828 on his homestead at Painted Post. With the exception of a term or two at an Eastern school, he had no other education than what could be obtained in the common schools of the town. His tastes and habits inclined him to become a farmer, and as soon as he attained his majority he married Jemima Patterson, a daughter of the late Ichabod Patterson, one of the six proprietors'of township two, in the first range, included in the old town of Painted Post. Mr. McBurney immediately moved upon the farm across the river from Corning, a part of the purchase of Patterson, upon which he spent the remainder of his life. Bv his industry and thrift upon this farm he laid the foundation of the hand- some fortune he left his family. In 1831 his wife Jemima died, leaving him three children : Mary, wife of C. K. Miller; James McBurnev, and Jemima, wife of John Dodge. In 1832 he married Almariah Knox, daughter of the late Judge Knox, of Painted Post. She lived but a few years and left one son, John Knox. He married for the fourth time Mrs. Edwards, daughter of the late Cornelius Younglove, of Hammondsport, who still lives. Mr. McBurney held various town offices. In 1832 he was elected a member of Assembly from this county and served well his constituency. In 1853 he was again elected to the As- sembh- from the Third Assembly district. It was during this session that active ettbrts were made to divide the county of Steu- ben. Mr. McBurney, who was an able advi>cate, was strongly opposed to the measure, and sought to secure the aid of as many as possible of his fellow members to defeat it. He was ever out- spoken and frank, neverconcealinghis opinionsand sentiments. It was a common saying you could always tell where to find Mr. McBurney, and know how he stood politically or socially. He continued to reside upon and .work his farm till his death, wliich occurred on the 7th day of August, 1867. He was truly and practically a farmer, for he not only worked with his hands, never engaging in speculations or venture of any kind, but steadily followed the plow,; nd by slow and sure accumulation acquired a fortune. He illustrated the fact that any farmer, however humble, if he will unchangeably and persistently pursue his calling and live within his income, cannot fail in process of time to lay by a handsome competence. Politically, Mr. McBurney from his youth up was an earnest and active Democrat. Notwithstanding, he was elected and re-elected time and again supervisor, justice of the peace, and assessor of the old town of Painted Post with a strong majority against his party. "When he administered justice, friend and foe stood equal before him. His best friend had nothing to hope and his bitterest foe nothing to fear, for he, like the goddess of justice, could see neither. It was remarked bj' the late Judge Burns, whose political and family relations placed him ever in position of hostility to Mr. McBurney, that in all his practice before justices of the peace, and it was an extensive one, Mr. McBurney was the only one who in making his decisions could rise above prejudice and dispense justice manfully and impartially. As a supervisor and assessor the public found in him a faithful and competent public officer. He was a man of good sound sense and rare integrity ; with him the oath of office was no lip service. No public plunderer dare approach him with a bribe As a friend he was true and earnest ; as a foe, stern and uncompromibing. II TOWN OF CORNING. 253 while a resident of Northumberland, Pa., in 1792, formed the acquaintance of Benjamin Patterson, the famous hunter and guide, who was also a resident of that town. The colonel saw he was the very man to run his new hotel, and at once induced him to remove to the new coun- try and open the house. In the fall of 179G, Patterson, while here, killed a large amount of game, and had sahed down a large quantity of bear meat and dried deer hams, to supply his hotel the coming season. In May, 1797, Patterson and his brother Robert, with their families and efiFects, embarked in boats and commenced the slow and toilsome voyage up the Susquehanna, from Northumber- land to Painted Post. The boats (sometimes called Dur- ham boats) were long and narrow, and propelled against the current by setting-poles, after the manner of the early voyagers on our Western rivers. A stout man on each side of the cabin, which rose slightly above the broad gunwale, with a long pole braced against his shoulder, walked steadily from stem to stern, while the steersman with his rudder kept the craft in the right direction. When the current was very rapid, the living freight went on shore, and with a long rope attached to the bow, the boat was drawn up the rapids by the crew. It has been told that the young- sters of the family enjoyed tlie voyage hugely. Early in the beautiful month of June, Patterson tied his tiny fleet to the bank just above the old Corning bridge and quite convenient to his new home. He brought with him his furniture and groceries, and was prepared at once to open his house. On his arrival he found a number of fiimilics in the valley, located as follows : David Fuller at the Conhocton ford ; Stephen Ross on the farm in Centreville, known as the old Philo Hubbell place; Eli Mead and his son Eldad on the old Judge McBurney place, now owned by Fuller ; George McCuUough, on the next farm east. His house was nearer the bank of the river, at the termination of the McCuUough lane ; Howell Bull lived near the site of the Bonham House, and Fitch Wattles just across the road ; Judfe Knox came next. Across the road was Ben Eaton's store. Mrs. Nehemiah Hubbell, then the widow of Ichabod Patterson, occupied the next farm ; Senator Bradley's farm was occupied by Jared Irwin, who planted the row of buttonwoods which skirt the highway. The old Mallory and McCuUough's lands, now the village of Corning, were then owned and occupied by Jonathan and Jeduthan Row- ley. Next below them resided Abraham and Dr. Phineas Bradley and their brother-in-law, Eliakim Jones. Enos Calkins lived just below them in a log house on the bank of the river at the turn in the road. Frederick Calkins lived near the site of the old red house, lately burned. The Grotons, Wolcotts, and Rowleys lived still farther east. Besides those named there were living in the vicinity James Turner, William Kuox, Hezekiah Thurber, Samuel Shannon, David Ilayden, Joseph Grant, Jonathan Cook, and David Trowbridge. In 1804, Patterson left the tavern and removed upon his farm two miles up the Tioga. Capt. Howell Bull was his successor, and ran the house for a year or so. Col. William H. Bull, of Bath, relates this incident as occurring while his father occupied the place. One day. Gen. Ker- nan, of Tyrone, rode into the shed in the rear of the house to hitch his horse, and discovered, not the Saviour, but the enemy of mankind, a huge rattlesnake, coiled up in the manger, taking his siesta. The general hurried into the bar-room, and with affected anger saluted the captain thus: "By St. Patrick, captain! if you entertain such customers as I find in your shed, I .shall seek other quar- ters." His snakesbip was soon disposed of, and the general appeased with a bumper of his favorite beverage. The next landlord was Jonathan Rowley, who for long years afterwards kept a hotel in Dansville. In 1813 the agent of the Pulteney estate, finding it no longer necessary or profitable to run a hotel, sold the property to John Jen- nings, then of Newtown, who, a short time previous, had emigrated from the famous Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. He occupied and kept that old tavern until his death, a period of over twenty years. John Jennings was a great wag and rare character. So much esteemed was he that men and boys from far and near called him " Uncle John " or " Uncle Johnny." He was a stout, dumpy man of about five feet eight, with a ro.sy, happy face — wrinkled like an old pippin — and double chin, bright hazel eyes, flecked throughout with brown specks, that twinkled with fun and beamed with good- humor, aided much by the many crows'-feet about them. He was portly withal and quite corpulent, making him no mean type of the dispenser of mirth and good cheer for others. In dress he was somewhat careless.* Knoxville was founded by and named after the Hon. John Knox, who came to the place about 1795, from his native State of Massachusetts. He led a distinguished and active life, reflecting the highest honor upon the commu- nity he established. His residence — in which he kept a public-house — was located upon the second lot below the Methodist church in Knoxville. It was in this house that the original Painted Post Lodge of Free and Accepted Ma.sons occupied rooms, and where it flourished till 1827. Among the old landmarks of the town were the grist- and saw-mill erected by Ansel McCall, in 1805, upon the site lately occupied by the Hammond & Johnson mills, on the south side of the river, below the canal-dam. Mr. McCall moved into the town in 1804, and occupied a log house near his mills. He was the father of Ansel J. McCall, Esq., one of the old lawyers of Bath, the late Mrs. Betsey Calkins, the late Mrs. William S. Hubbell, of Bath, the late Mrs. F. E. Erwin, and Mrs. T. Whiting, of lowa.f CENTREVILLE. Centreville formed part of the large farm of Judge Thomas McBurney. In 1824 or '25 he laid out that por- tion where Centreville is now situated into village lots, and having set up a high post, and placing upon it the likeness of an Indian and squaw painted on canvas, claimed it as the site of the original Painted Post, and named the incip- *" Article by A. J. McCall, Esq., in the Corning Journal. f On tbo Parks farm, now owned by Nelson Cowan, is still stand- ing a barn built by Justus Wolcott, in 1736. Tbe nails in it were made at Bartle's Hollow, now Bradford, and brougbt on horseback, in a pair of old-fashioned saddle-bags, by John Wolcott, a son of Justus Woleott. 254 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. ient village accordingly. It became a place of much activ- ity and attracted many enterprising men. Philo P. Hubbell kept hero a large hotel ; Fidelis Fermbaugh had a large saddle- and havness-.shop ; Z. F. Wilder carried on an ex- tensive blacksmith-shop; John Arnot and II. H. Mathews built a store; Mr. Charles L. Mills and Charles E. Osborne carried on mercantile business. It was at Centreville that the late Judge Thomas A. Johnson began his legal career, which brought him afleiTvards such high honors and dis- tinction. The first school here was taught by Ansel J. JlcCall, Esq., now of Bath. About the year 1824 the " old Mallory house" was built. For the time and general condition of tlie country it was something palatial. The spectacle it now presents of dilapi- dation and age is an eloquent reminder of those simple days when luxury was the exception and masculine severity in habits and morals the rule of life. In a wing of this house the " Bank of Corning" was first located after its establish- ment in 1839. CHEMUNG CANAL. This region had now become extensively known as a lum- ber district, the quantity and quality of which made it famous. By means of rafts and arks the lumber had been floated down the Chemung and Susquehanna Rivers to the Chesapeake Bay, where a market was found for it in Balti- more, Philadelphia, and Wilmington, as well as at the larger towns accessible along the shores of the Susquehanna. The only outlet to the Eastern seaboard being through these rivers, the markets to which they led were consequently arbitrary and unreliable. Albany and New York needed the surplus products of this region, but these cities were inaccessible. The Erie Canal was completed in 1825, and although this great avenue of commerce was opened, its distance of seventy-five miles north made transportation over the hills to reach it exceed all prospective profits. This dis- advantage-was removed by the construction of the Chemung Canal, which placed Corning at the head of inland naviga- tion, communicating with the Hudson and the Atlantic Ocean. It necessarily became the shipping-point for all the products of this fertile country ; and it is to this fact that Corning owes its growth and prosperity. The bill for the construction of the canal passed April 15, 1829 ; the work was completed in 1833. A State dam was thrown across the Chemung River at the lower end of the corporation of Corning, and a canal feeder constructed a distance of fifteen miles to Horseheads in Chemung County. ORGANIZATION. Corning was originally part of the old town of Painted Post, which was organized as a town of Ontario County in 1793, and embraced all the territory from the eastern boun- dary of what is now Steuben County to the west line of Addison. When Steuben County was erected, in 1796, Painted Post was narrowed in its dimensions, and made one of the original towns of the county, comprising the territory now embraced in the six towns of Hornby, Camp- bell, Erwin, Lindley, Canton, and Corning. The first di- vision of the town occurred in 1820, when Erwin and Hornby (embracing Campbell and Lindley) were set off, leaving Painted Post reduced to two townships, number one and two in the first range, or Canton and Corning. Canton was taken off in 1839, leaving the town of Painted Post reduced to one township, viz.. Corning, which it remained till March 31, 1852, when its name was changed to Corn- ing. We give below the civil list of Corning only from this date, as the history of the old town of Painted Post — including its ofiicers — is given in connection with that of the town of Erwin, in which the village of Painted Post is now situated. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks Collectors. 1S52. Wm. Irvine. Chas. C. B. Wiilker. Theodore J. Steele. 1853 Simeon HainmonJ. George Thorn )Son. Simeon Van Etlen. 1854. John Maynard. " " Jonathan .S. Belknap 1855. Charles Packer. Wm. W. Robinson. Wm. A. Spencer. 1866. B. P. Bailey. " .. 1857. Stephen F. Hayt. Henry T. Mclntire. Benj. C. Wilson. 1858. Chas. C. B. Walker. James K. Newell. David S. Powers. 1859. Stephen T. Hayt. Edwd. T. Rob inson. " " 1860. It li It tt it tt 1861. n tt It tt E. J. Mallory. 1S62. H It George W. Fuller. David S. Powers. 1863. it It it t it tt 1864. Nelson Cowan. Edwd. E. Rob mson. Edward R. Hatch. 1865. ti tt it t tt it 1866.- tt tt " Edward Clisdcll. 1867. Henry GoflT. Jacob H. Wolcott. George Hitchcock. 1868. " '• " ' Benj. C. Wilson. 1869. John Vischer. G. 6. Hallenbeck. Louis D. Stone. 1870. Austin Lathrop, Jr. it a Benj. F. Edgar. 1871. tt tt tt ii John Cowley. 1872. tt tt it tt G. P. Miller. 1873. it tt 0. J. Robinson. G. W. llallenbeck. 1874. tt Jas. C. Mcintosh. David S. Powers. 1875. i( tt 0. J. Robinson. Levi Cowley. 1876. " Calvin W. Sm ith. R. A. Benham. 1877. tt it Wm. E. Vand erhoff. M. T. Inscho. 1878. Nelson Cowan. J. M. Johnson Fr.ank P. Rease. JUSTICES OF THE PE.ICE. 1850. Josiah Weeks. Daniel F. Brown. 18B3. Emerson G. Edgar. Jeremiah D. Quackenbush. 1851. George N. Jlitldlebrook. David Lane. 1852. Butler S. Wolcott. 1864. AV. A. Spencer. 1853. Charles H. Thomson A. T. Payne. 1854. Daniel F. Brown. 1865. F. A. Williams. Isaac Gray. 1866. John James. 1855. Dexter Davis. 1867. James S. Robinson, 1856. David L. Johns. 1868. William A. Spencer. Oliver Peak. 1870. Henry Goff. 1857. Z. Lewis Webb. 1871. James S. Robinson. 1858. Rufus Arnold. 1872. William A. Spencer. James S. Robinson. 1873. George Hitchcock. 1859. Rufus Arnold. 1874. Henry Goff. 1860. Plina A. Rouse. 1875. James S. Robinson. 1861. Orrin Dodge. 1876. Grove P. Miller. M. F. Cooper. 1877. George Hitchcock. J. M. vSmith. 1878. Peter W. Calkins. 1862. James S. Robinson. VILLAGE OF COKNING. Just fifty years ago, when the bill for the construction of the Chemung Canal was being discussed in the Legislature at Albany, and soon after Col. Samuel Young, of Saratoga, had made his adverse report in relation to it, Capt. Vincent Conklin, of Horseheads, took his team, and with great difficulty reached Blossburg, and procured a load of the Blossburg coal, and had it conveyed to Albany, to satisfy HIRAM raiTCHAlU). Photo, by Juyaes, Corning, N. Y. I.UCINDA PRITCHARD. HIRAM PRITCHARD. Hiram Pritehard was born at Lawranceville, Tioga Co., Pa., Feb. 7, 1818. His father, Calvin Pritehard, was a native of Wyoming, Pa., and at the age of five years remembers the Indians taking his father prisoner at tlie time of the ever-memorable massacre there ; since which time he has never been heard of, and is supposed to have been killed. The mother and children es- caped, coming to Tioga Point, and subsequently settled at Lawrenceville, where they became the pioneer settlers. His father was a farmer, and lived and died on the farm where they first settled after reaching Lawrenceville. His father died at the age of seventy, about the year 1847. His mother, wliose maiden name was Anna Kennedy, died in 1840, aged fifty-seven. Their children were eight sons and two daughters, of whom the subject of this sketch was third son, and since the age of nine years has cared for himself, receiving no education from books except as he has gathered it himself as opportunity occurred. At the age of eighteen he married Lucinda, daughter of Lot and Hannali Searles, of Flemingville, Tioga Co., N. Y. Fur eiglit years after his marriage he followed milling, six years of which time being after he settled in Corning, which was in November, 1838. When Mr. Pritehard became a resident of the place there was no village, and only a few houses, one of which was framed ; hence, he has seen the entire growth of the now thriving village of Corning, and has been identified with its various interests, and is now one of the oldest residents, having lived here the longest, with a few exceptions, of any now living in the vicinity. In 1843 he opened a general merchandise store which he continued for three years, followed by four years as a clerk for Payne & Olcott. In 18-50 he took charge of an extensive lumber business in Clinton Co., Pa., for Phelps, Dodge & Co., of New York City, where he erected mills and manufactured lumber, shipping the lumber and timber to Wrightsville, Pa., headquarters of the firm for the lumber interest. He remained in this business for three years, and soon after bought three thousand acres of timber land in Tioga Co., Pa., in partnership with James A. Hayt and Aaron H. Foster. Here the firm built an extensive mill and began the manufacture of lumber. Mr. Pritehard disposed of his interest in this property after about fifteen months, and removed to Corning, and from 1856 to 1863 was a dealer in lumber, handling as high some years as ten million feet. He then purchased a one-half interest in the foundry and machine-shops at Corning, owned by Payne & Olcotts, and in 1868 disposed of this interest, which concluded his active business life. Mr. Pritcbard's is only another example of a self-made man, and of privation and necessity of economy in early life, with a will to do, resulting in a successful business career. He was a Whig until that party was merged into other parties, and has since been a Kejiublican. He has been officially connected with the interests of the village in many places of trust and responsibility ; was presi- dent of the village in 1861-62, during which time he caused permanent improvements to be made in the village, although opposed strongly by some of the citizens, which now merit the approval of all, and fully demonstrate his far seeing and sa- gacity. In the year 1873, May 28th, he was appointed by Gov. John A. Dix, with Gen. Alexander S. Diven, Lansing D. Hodgman, Casper S. Decker, and Eaton N. Frisbie as asso- ciates, a commissioner for the erection of the State Reforma- tory at Elmira, N. Y. Was trustee and president of the Board of Education for fifteen years beginning with 1861, and has liberally contributed to church and kindred interests since his residence liere. Ho was one of the organizers of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the place, and has been a member of the same since. His children are Truman S., Mrs. M. V. Sales, and Albert. Hiram W. Bostwick was boi-n at New IMilford, Conn., Aug. 28, 1802. At the age of sixteen he went to Albany, N. Y., as a clerk in a whip manu- facturing establishment. In 1820 he married Mary Rowley. In 1824 he removed to Laurens, Otsego Co., N. Y., and formed a co-partuership with his brotlicr in a general mer- chandise store, where he remained until about 1836, when he removed to Painted Post, tliis county, and engaged in lumbering at the mills now known as the " Gang Mills." Soon afterwards, as one of the Corning Company, he removed to the present site of the village of Corning, and became the general manager of that company, and so continued until its dissolution in 1855; aiid to him more tlian to any other one person was the prosperity of the village due. He was president of the Bank of Corning, of the Tioga Iron, Mining, and Manufac- turing Company, which built the railroad from Corn- ing to Lawrenceville, Pa., connecting there with the Tioga Navigation Company, owning the railroad from Liiwrenceville to Blossburg, constituting the first outlet for bituminous coal from the Pennsyl- vania mines. He was one of the chief promoters, and for a time president of the Buffalo and Conhocton Valley Rail- road. After the great fire at Corning in 1850, he, with Major Andrew B. Dickinson, built tlie " Dickinson House" and " Concert Hall," thereby stimulating others to erect many of the finest buildings now in Corning. In 18G3 he went to Nicaragua as an assistant of Major Andrew B. Dickinson, who was United States Minister to the government of that country. He returned to the United States in 1866, and established his residence at Vineland, N. J., where he died April 8, 1868. TOWN OF CORNING. 255 the incredulous that there were rich deposits of that mineral in the mountains of Northern Pennsylvania, that would come into use and set aside the charcoal so extensively used by blacksmiths and machinists ; that if they would construct the Chemung Canal, having its western terminus at Painted Post, all the vast timber and coal interest would be developed, and a country hitherto shut off from commercial centres, save by the unreliable navigation of the Chemung River, would pour its rich treasures into Albany, on the Hudson. While Mr. Conklin was thus demonstrating to the Legisla- ture the feasibility of the Chemung Canal, he had an atten- tive listener in the person of P]dwin Crosswell, Esq , senior editor of the Albany Argus. In a strong editorial Mr. Crosswell took up the line of argument as presented by Mr. Conklin and others from the Southern Tier, and advocated the passage of the bill. The bill passed April 15, 1829. Great were the rejoicings of the people in Chemung and Steuben Counties, in New York, and in Bradford and Tioga, Pennsylvania. The work was completed in 183.3. The late Erastus Corning, with his keen business fore- sight, foresaw that he who would be first to develop those rich mineral deposits at Blossburg would' reap lasting bene- fits. In consultation with Mr. Thomas W. Olcott, the great financier, it was determined to organize what was afterwards known as the Corning Company. This was in 1835. They and their associates, Joseph Fellows, Watts Sherman, Hiram Bostwick, Ansel Bascom, Bowen Whiting, Wm. A. Bradley, and Levin I. Gilliss, made a purchase of the lands of the Erwins, at Painted Post, but through some misunderstand- ing, the purchase never became valid.* Where the pros- perous village of Corning now stands was then, with the exception of some cleared farm land in the valley, in its primeval state. The company, not being able to purchase lands on the east side of the Chemung, made a bona-fide purchase of about 340 acres, embraced within the present corporate limits of Corning. Railroads were then being first constructed in America. By a careful survey the company ascertiiincd that a railroad could be constructed from their town site, at the head of canal navigation, to the coal-fields at Blossburg, cheaper than a canal, or cheaper than it could be floated down the Tioga on arks or rafts. A charter was obtained for a railroad to the State line at Lawrence- ville, where they were met by enterprising men from Phila- delphia, Messrs. James K. Wilson, Cofiin Colket, J. W. Ryerss, and others, with a charter from the State of Penn- sylvania, connecting them with the Blossburg coal region. In the year 1839 the locomotive first traversed the Tioga Valley. Then it was that Corning sprang into being. Al- though Mr. Parcell and a few families had located at Corn- ing in 1838, yet it was not until the years 1839, 184:0, 1841, and 1842 that Corning received its impetus. It was christened in 183G, but it was not until the time above referred to that signs of future life and prosperity dawned upon it. Then came the men that were to lay the founda- tion — or rather the superstructure, for the foundation was surely laid by Erastus Corning, Thomas W. Olcott, and their associates — of Coming's future greatness. The good people of Corning were apparently on the wrong side of * See Chas. H. Erwin's history of Painted Post. the river. The main stage-route from Big Flats to Bath, vin Painted Post, ran on the east side, passing the Chimney Narrows, and crossing the mouth of Post Creek. But Corning was equal to the emergency. Bridges were thrown across the Chemung two and three-fourth miles below ; roads were opened connecting them with Big Flats on the east, and Knoxville and Painted Post on the north. It might be well to here mention some of the enterprising citizens of Corning in 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, and later. Among them were Col. H. W. Bostwick, manager of the Corning Company ; Dr. W^m. Turbell, Thomas A. Johnson, Esq , Laurin Mallory, P. J. Mallory, Wm. M. Mallory, Maj. S. B. Denton, Nelson L. Somers, H. G. Phelps, B. P. Bailey, John A. Parcell, B. W. Payne, Daniel D. Com- stock, Geo. T. Spencer, E. P. Rogers, S. T. Hayt, Hiram Pritchard, William J. Arnold, and Charles Clark, besides many others, distinguished for their public spirit and enter- prise. Hotels, banks, stores, shopSj and various oflBces, after the completion of the Blo.ssburg Railroad, were im- mediately erected. A printing-ofiice was opened in 1840, and a newspaper established by Charles Adams called the Corning and Blossburg Advocate. The people of Corning had scarcely realized the completion of the Blossburg Rail- road, when, in 1840, the advance-guard of the New York and Erie Railroad made their appearance in Corning. The State of New York had loaned its credit to a.ssist the com- pany in the sum of $3,000,000, and from Piermont, in Rockland Co., N. Y., to Dunkirk, on Lake Erie, gangs of workmen were engaged in driving piles for the road-bed, and spanning rivers and streams with bridges. Corning received a considerable share of the money ex- pended by the Erie Company in driving piles, building bridges, etc. Then, to add to the general enthusiasm, the political campaign of 1840, with all its concomitant ma- chinery, made Corning, with its stirring and active popula- tion, an overflowing town, brimful of business. Specula- tion was rife. Corner lots were above par. From Chemung, Tioga, Broome, and Otsego Counties capitalists were locating at Corning, the El Dorado of the Southern Tier. Mechan- ics of all kinds were in great demand. Lumber was a cash commodity, and bill-timber of every kind brought a high price. Yet *there were thousands of feet of lumber in the log burned up by the settler who wished to clear a spot for a shop or dwelling, and could not wait to have his lumber drawn to the mills at the head of the feeder, to be manu- factured. From the incipient step, in 1835, to the first era of their progress, in 1840, all had been prosperous. From this latter year through 1841 and 1842 there followed a financial depression. Yet comparatively few of the busi- ness men of Corning were seriously or permanently crippled by the general bankruptcy which pervaded the country. 5Iany, however, suffered by the failure of the New York and Erie Railroad Company. Many of the business men and lumbermen had taken stock in part payment for timber and materials furnished, and had suffered thereby. But the recuperative qualities of Americans are proverbial ; and the citizens of Corning were not an exception. The ranks of the business men were strengthened in the intervening years, from 1842 to 1854, by a strong and active class, who look hold and gave a new impulse to business. 256 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. The Erie Railroad Company had compromised their claims, and a new set of men were at the helm, who pushed the road to completion in 1S51. At the close of 1849, it was finished to Corning. Large appropriations from the State had enabled the Corning people to improve the highway through the Narrows, and to afford better facilities for canal navigation. The Blossburg Coal Com- pany were shipping a large amount of coal from their wharves, and the lumber dealers were flooding the Eastern markets with the choicest Chemung flooring, etc. ; so that by reference to the canal reports we discover that, in 1849, Corning stood third on the list of inland shipping-ports in the State of New York. The Erie Company had located their depots and yards at the upper or west end of Corn- ing. This for a time seemed to draw business in that direction. D. A. Fuller, father of George W. and Dwight L. Fuller, of the Dickinson House, erected a hotel called the Waverly, near the present stock depot of the Erie Railway. The demand of the traveling public compelled him to enlarge his accommodations. In 1850-51 the Waverly spread into the Terrett House, Mr. Fuller continuing the lessee or owner. About this time the Dickinson House was com- pleted by the late Hon. A. B. Dickinson, of Hornby, and Col. H. W. Bostwick, of Corning. There were now four well-conducted hotels in Corning, viz., the Dickinson House, by S. B. Dennis, succeeded by Mayor Field, and lastly by the Fuller Brothers ; the Corning House, by Capt. E. Pier, and others ; the Terrett House, D. A. Fuller, pro- prietor ; and the Railroad House, by Maj. P. P. Cleaver. Foundries were established, churches were erected ; Dyer and Concert Blocks were completed ; the village through its corporate officers was making many necessary and desirable improvements. The village then contained about 3000 inhabitants, — with the town, 4372. The Corning Jovrnal had been established in 1846, by Thomas Messenger, and in the year 1851 had passed into the hands of A. W. McDowell and Dr. G. W. Pratt. Good schools were in session ; the pul- pits were filled by able ministers ; and a full corps of com- petent physicians and lawyers were located at Corning ; in fact everything that was desirable in an enterprising, first- class business town. We now approach the second era in the history of Corn- ing, — the era of tire. She had previously been visited with the element. The terrible conflagrations which occurred in the next six years are familiar to every inhabitant of the Chemung Valley. It will be recollected that the year 1852 was a comparatively mild epoch in political affairs. Few mass-meetings were held in comparison to former presiden- tial campaigns. Yet the citizens of Corning had not for- gotten the exciting times of 1840, 1844, and 1848, and were determined to keep alive the political spirit which had animated them in the early stages of their history. In the year 1850 a railroad was projected, called the Buffalo and Conhocton Valley Railroad, with such men as Hon. John Magee, of Bath, enlisted in the enterprise. By the terms of the charter, which was obtained in 1850, the southern terminus was at Painted Post. But this would benefit Corning, as it connected with the Erie. Corning was most fortunate in this new project. It would give her a thoroughfare through to Rochester and Buffalo by the Con- hocton Valley. This project was only fairly inaugurated when another, and, as it has proved, a more lasting and sub- stantial work, was to seek an outlet by the way of Corning. We allude to the purchase, by Hon. John Magee, of the interest of certain members of the Corning Company in the old Blossburg Railroad, who had became the debtors of Sir. Magee. He took possession of the road in 1851, and im- mediately made arrangements for widening the gauge, and relaying the tracks with desirable T-iron. The Pennsyl- vania stockholders consented, and during the year a sub- stantial railway, with all the modern improvements, was opened to the public. Mr. Magee had also purchased the lease of the coal-mines at Blossburg. This was tke initial step in developing the vast coal region now operated by the Fall Brook Coal Company, the Arnot or Blossburg Coal Company, and the Morris Run Coal Company. Thus it seems that every adversity on the part of Corning had been overcome through some new avenue of prosperity. About this time Corning was strengthened by the advent of two bankers, George W. Patterson, Jr., and John N. Hungerford, who came to identify them.selves with the busi- ness interests of the place. Mr. Patterson remained con- nected with the George Washington Bank, as president, till within a quite recent date. I^Ir. Hungerford is still bearing an important part in the financial transactions of the village. The Corning iSVn, a weekly newspaper, was published in 1853 by Mark M. Pomeroy and P. C. Van Gelder, and continued about a year, when it was purchased by Rev. Ira Brown, who published a paper in the interests of the farmers and horticulturists. In the mean time a lodge of Freemasons and Odd-Fellows had been established, the new lodge of Masonry taking the name of Painted Post Lodge, No. 117, and counting among its members some of the most intelligent and reliable of the citizens. Corning is now the centre of Masonic attraction, the whole upper story of Concert Block being used as lodge-rooms for the Blue Lodge, No. 117; Chapter, No. 190; Council of R. and S. M., No. 53 ; A.-, and A.-. S.-. Rite ; Lodge of Per- fection ; Council Princes of Jerusalem ; Corning Chapter Rose Croix, and Corning Consistory. Corning has many able representative men in various vocations, in whom she may feel an honorable pride : such men as George B. Bradley, S. T. Hayt, John N. Hungerford, C. C. B. Walker, Austin Lathrop, Jr., D. F. Brown, Chester S. Cole, B. Graves, William D. Turbell, C. H. Thomson, Hiram Pritchard, B. W. Payne, A. H. Gorton, Q. W. Willington, C. F. Houghton, Henry Goff, G. W. Pratt, F. B. Brown, Charles G. Denison, E. Clisdell, William Walker, C. E. Corbin, C. D. Sill, Dr. A. D. Bobbins, and numerous others deserving of mention. Corning is distant from New York 291 miles, from Buf- falo 142, from Rochester 94, from Hornellsville 42, from Bath 20, from Dunkirk 168, from Blossburg coal regions 40.48, and from Elmira 18 miles. It is a picturesque and healthy region, and surrounded by a rich agricultural and fruit country. It is the half-shire of Steuben County, the courts being held alternately here and at Bath. The present population of the village is about 7000. Her rail- X ^n TOWN OF CORNING. 257 road facilities are ample,— one branch of the Erie winding up through the rich valley of the Conhoeton to Rochester, another traversing and bringing into close communication the inhabitants and towns of the Canisteo; thence westerly to Dunkirk and Buffalo. The connections made by the Corning, Cowanesque and Antrim, Tioga and Blossburg, stretch out to the coal regions, and penetrate the agri- cultural and lumbering interest of Northern Pennsyl- vania, thus insuring connections of high importance to its permanent growth. Nearly a million tons of bituminous coal find an outlet within her limits, many thousand tons of which are rcshipped to various towns and cities East and West. INCORPORATION AND OFFICERS. The petition for the incorporation of Corning was made in behalf of the people by Horace G. Phelps, James C. Davis, and Joseph Herron on the 31st of August, 1848. The petition was granted by Hon. David McMaster, county judge, Sept. 6, 1848, he appointing S. T. Hayt, William Hood, and John P. Shapley, inspectors of election, to take assent of the electors for incorporation. The vote taken Oct. 25, 1848, showed 118 in favor of incorporation and 5 against it. The first charter election occurred Jan. 12, 1849, and resulted in the choice of the following Board of Trustees : Horace G. Phelps, Laurin Mallory, George T. Spencer, Aaron H. Foster, and James S. Robinson. At the first meeting of the board, Laurin Mallory was elected President, and Thomas Messenger Clerk. At the regular election in March following the same trustees were elected, and Mr. Mallory was re-elected President. The Board of Trustees selected their presiding officer until the charter was amended, in 1858, when the president of the village became elective by the people. The following are the names of the presidents of the village from its incorporation, and the years they served: 1849. Laurin Mallory. iSSO. G. T. Spencer. 1851. J. B. Graves, M.D. 1852. A. H. Foster. 1853. A. H. Foster. 1851. Merrill Colby. 1855. Merrill Colby. 1856. Alexander Olcott. 1857. Robert Olcott. 1858. G. D. Williams. 1859. Jacob H. Lansing. 1860. Jacob H. Lansing. 1861. Hiram Pritchard. 1862. Hiram Pritchard. 1863. Chas. G. Denison. 1861. Cyrus D. Sill. 1865. Chester S. Cole. . 1866. Auslin Latbrop, Jr. 1867. Austin Latbrop, Jr. 186S. Henry Goff. 1869. Alonzo H. Gorton. ISro. George Hitchcock. 1871. Chas. 6. Denison. 18(2. Chas. G. Denison. 187.3. Lewis C. Kingsbury, 1874. Chester S. Cole. 1875. John Hoare. 1876. Joshua B. Graves. 1877. Chas. G. Denison. 1878. Gdvrin Bannister. CORNING POST-OFFICE. About the year 1840, Mr. Philo P. Hubbell, afterwards clerk of the county, removed the " Painted Post" post-office from Centreville to Corning. Soon after the inauguration of President Harrison, in 1841, the name was changed to Corning Post-office, and Maj. S. B. Denton was appointed postmaster. Under the administration of President Polk, in 1845, Maj. Denton was superseded by the appointment of John McBurney. The successors of John McBurney were George P. Loveland, Philo P. Hubbell, W. B. Whi- ting, Thomas Messenger, and D. B. Cumpston, until the 33 spring of 1853, when George W. Dyer was appointed post- master. Mr. Dyer commenced a thorough and complete renovation of the office and its appurtenances, making it in appearance and convenience more commensurate with the progressive spirit of the village and the growing wants of the citizens. He erected the commodious building in which the office remained till 185G, putting therein 50tl boxes and drawers in place of the 190 boxes of the old office. After several other changes of location, the office was removed to its present convenient quarters in Brown Block, in 1873. The postmasters since George W. Dyer have been C. C. B. Walker, D. A. Fuller, C. H. Tomson (twelve years), George W. Pratt, and E. Ciisdell, the present incumbent. FIRE DEPARTMENT. On the 4th of January, 1851, the Board of Trustees adopted a resolution that two fire companies be formed. Jan. 10, 1S51, Rescue Fire Company No. 1, Rescue Hose Company No. 1, and Rough and Ready Fire Company No. 2, and Rough and Ready Hose Compauy No. 2, were or- ganized ; D. B. Cumpston and Thos. W. Adams, foremen of the first two, and Alexander Olcott, of the latter respect- ively. Tiie name of Rough and Ready was afterwards changed to Neptune. In 1857, Alliance Hook-and-Ladder Company No. 1 was organized, with John Bulmer, fore- man. In 1862 the fire department was incorporated with Al- fred Jones as President, and George W. Pratt, Secretary. C. H. Thomson succeeded Mr. Jones, and William Walker, Mr. Pratt. The department is now organized as Alliance Hook-and- Ladder Company No. 1, Pritchard Hose Company No. 1, Olcott Hose Company No. 2, and Sherwood Hose Company No. 3 ; A. H. Gorton, President ; C. G. Denison, Vice- President; Thomas H. Thomson, Secretary; Frank Kingsbury, Treasurer; F. W. Jeuners, Chief Engineer; H. S. Edson, First Assistant Engineer ; and R. E. Cole, Second Assistant Engineer. CANAL COLLECTORS AT CORNING. 1845-47, Thomas McBurney: 1848, A. M. Fridley ; 1849, D. D. Com.stock; 1850-51, H. Thurbur; 1852-53, Thomas McBurney ; 1854-55, E. Dodge ; 1856-57, J. S. Robinson ; 1858-59, J. H. Lansing ; 1860-61, George W. Pratt; 1862, E. P. Rogers;* 1862, Thomas McBurney; 1863-66, George W. Pratt; 1867, Luzerne Todd; 1868- 69, Frank B.Brown; 1870-71, Peter Rease; 1872-73, Truman S. Pritchard; 1874-75, Charles G. Denison; 1876-78, Nelson L. Somers. RAILROADS AND BUSINESS. The railroad and shipping enterprise of Corning is a large item in its business. The main line of the Erie Railway was completed to Corning in December, 1849, and was opened for business in January, 1850. Mr. J. A. Red- field, of this village, afterwards superintendent of the Northern Central Railroad, was the first agent. Mr. A. T. ■* Rogers was removed and McBurney appointed in his place the 25th June, 1862. 258 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Cochrane was his clerk, and in April of the same j'ear was appointed by Benj. Loder agent, and has continued to act in that c-apacity through all administrations up to the pres- ent time, — about twenty-nine years. This is the very best evidence that he has been a faithful and competent officer. In 1852 the Buffalo, Corning and New York Railroad, now the Rochester branch of the Erie, was completed to Corning, giving an outlet to a vast agricultural and lumber district. The statistics for 1873 show that Corning, ex- ceeded in tonnage any other station on the road except Jersey City and Buffalo. The tons of freight forwarded were 830,891, amounting to $503,170.20. Tons of freight received, 31,221, amounting to $122,768.96. Total freight business of the station, §625,939. 16. Passenger tickets sold, 74,506; receipts for the saiue, §72,098.46. Total business of the station, $698,037.62. Since the opening of the Syracuse, Geneva and Corning Railroad, which is now the great avenue for the transportation of coal to the New York Central and the Erie Canal, the freight of this station has materially diminished, but it is still, with its natural increase during the past four years, retained in Corning and only transferred to another oflSce. SYRACUSE, GENEVA AND CORNING RAILROAD. This road, connecting at Corning with the old " Corning and Blossburg," now the Corning, Cowanesque and An- trim Railroad, forms a continuous line from Antrim, in the coal regions of Penn.sylvania, to its connection with the four-track New York Central at Lyons, N. Y., and with the Erie Canal. The several divisions of this line are the Corning, Cowanesfjue and Antrim, from Antrim to Cor- ning ; the Syracuse, Geneva and Corning, from Corning to Geneva ; and the Geneva and Lyons road, from Geneva to Lyons, the northern terminus. This route, including branches from Lawrenceville to Elkland, Pa., and from Blossburg to Fall Brook, is owned and controlled by the Fall Brook Coal Company, which has one of its principal offices at Corning, and is operated jointly by the Syracuse, Geneva and Corning, and Lehigh Valley Railroad Com- panies, carrying the celebrated Mclntyre coal from the mines to the Central Railroad, at Lyons. The Fall Brook Coal Company deliver 400 tons per day of their own coal, and run a freight train each way daily, for general mer- chandise. The whole number of miles from Antrim to Lyons is one hundred and twenty-five ; distance from Cor- ning to Lyons, seventy-two miles. The Syracuse, Geneva and Corning Railway Company filed their articles of association Aug. 27, 1875. The first board of directors consisted of the following gentlemen : Patrick Lynch, Wm. T. Hamilton, Frank H. Hiscock, Syra- cuse, N. Y. ; Darius A. Ogden, Penn Y'an, N. Y. ; George J. Magee, Daniel Beach, John Lang, Watkins, N. Y. ; Alonzo H. Gorton, Alexander Olcott, Chas. C. B. Walker, Stephen T. Hayt, Corning, N. Y. ; Edgar Mun- son, Williamsport, Pa. ; Alexander G. Cattell, Morchants- ville, N. J. Careful surveys, and a thorough examination of eight different routes between Corning and Geneva, during the months of September, October, and November, 1875, re- sulted in the selection of the present route, which was de- cided on by an overwhelming vote of the board of directors during their meeting at Watkins, Dec. 30, 1875. It was principally due to the unanimous vote of the Corning di- rectors that this one route was selected out of the eight ; and experience has shown already that their course of ac- tion was a wise one in every respect. The work of building the road was let Jan. 14, 1876, to Vibbard, Ball & Stuart, of New York, who sublet it to different parties. Work on the whole line was commenced early in March, 1876, and continued until May 1 of the same year. Then it became evident that Vibbard, Ball & Stuart were not able to fulfill their obligations to the sub- contractors, and work was stopped on the entire line, all the foremen, laborers, teamsters, etc., were paid off by the company from funds advanced by the Fall Brook Coal Com- pany, and the whole work suspended until October, 1876. Gen. Geo. J. Magee had then decided to take himself the contract to build the road. He consequently resigned his position as director and member of the executive committee, and relet the work, mostly to the same parties who had held contracts under Vibbard, Ball & Stuart. Col. Austin La- throp, Jr., of Corning, received the contract for building the timber foundation and masonry for the Corning bridge, also for the construction of all bridges, trestles, etc., on sections 1 to 0, both inclusive. Wm. C. Gibbons, of Corning, had the contract for the earthwork of sections 1 to 6, both inclusive. During the winter of 1876-77 the work was pros- ecuted with all possible speed. Track-laying was commenced at Corning early in April, 1877. On July 4, 1877, a grand excursion from Watkins Glen to Corning had been ar- ranged, and about 500 persons enjoyed the ride over the new road and celebrated the day in Corning. July 5, the work of track-laying and ballasting was commenced at Geneva. The last rail was laid Oct. 11, 1877, and the work of ballasting progressed repidly, so that on section 3 the road could be opened for freight and coal trafiic and for passenger transportation Dec. 10, 1877. It has been in suc- cessful operation ever since, and is a grand monument to the enterprise and sagacity of the Fall Brook Coal Company.* The engineer corps consisted of the following persons : A. Hardt, Chief Engineer; R. H. Canfield, Division En- gineer, South Division ; J. G. Baker, Division Engineer, North Division, succeeded by Edward Canfield, Nov. 20, 1876. John Lang, of Watkins, N. Y., is now the Presi- dent and Treasurer of the Syracuse, Geneva and Corning Railroad ; Alexander Olcott, of Corning, its Secretary ; and J. H. Lang, of Watkins, its General Auditor. The present Superintendent is A. H. Gorton ; H. A. Horning, General Passenger and Freight Agent; G. R. Brown, Superintend- ent of Telegraph ; Michael Clancy, Track Master ; all resi- dents of Corning. The Syracuse, Geneva and Corning Railroad connects at Himrod's with the Northern Central Railroad ; at Geneva, with the Auburn branch of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, at the same point, with the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and with the Geneva and Lyons Railroad ; affording a direct route to « The tot.al cost of the road and equipments was $2,430,988.78. The capital stock of the company is $1,200,000. .'.mount of stock sub- scribed $1,193,700. dl HON. STEPHEN T. HAYT. Simeon Haite (as the name was originally spelled) emigrated from England in 1629, and Settled at Charlestown, Mass., and finally settled at Stamford, Conn. He died in 1657, leaving three sons, — Nicholas, Walter, and Benjamin. Walter removed from Stamford, Conn., to Norwalk, Conn., in 1650, and died in 1699, leaving two sons, — John and Zerubbabel, who died in 1738, leaving three sons, — Daniel, Caleb, and Joseph, the last of whom died in 1730, leaving four sons, — Zerubbabel, James, Moses, and Joseph. Zerubbabel, eldest son of Joseph, left Norwalk about 1749, and settled in Bedford, Westchester Co., N. Y., where he died in 1794, leaving four sons, — Stephen, Moses, Justus, and Zeph- aniah. Stephen served in behalf of England, in the French war, and was bom in 1730 ; married Miss Martha Els, of New Canaan, Conn., and died in 1770, leaving four sons, — Stephen, John, Samuel, and Zephaniah. Stephen, the eldest son, was bom in 1760 ; served in the Revolutionary war as private in the 2d Connecticut Regiment from 1777 to 1783, when he was discharged by order of General Washington, and was honored with a badge of merit for his six years of faithful service. He was married to Miss Hannah Delavan, of North Salem, N. Y., and died in 1834, leaving five sons, — John C, Charles, Harry, David, and William. John C. removed from Patterson to Ithaca, Tompkins Co., N. Y., in 1826, removed to Corning, Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1833, and died in 1854, having had five sons, — Samuel T., James A., Stephen T., William W., and Daniel M. Hon. Stephen T. Hayt, third son and fifth child of Dr. John C. and Martha Hayt, was born in Patterson, Putnam Co., N. Y., June 5, 1822. His father was a physician by profession, but was principally engaged in the lumber and milling business. On the 1st of May, 1833, his parents and family settled in Corning. Stephen attended the common school when young, and after- wards received an academic education. From 1840 to 1843 he was clerk in a store at Elmira, since which time he has re- sided in Corning. From 1843 to 1850 he was engaged in the mercantile business ; from 1851 to 1869, in the lumber trade, with a yard in Albany. Since 1869 he has been engaged in the manufacture of flour and feed, and has one of the most substantial mills in the county, and does an extensive business. He married Miss Margaret C, daughter of Edwin Townsend, of Palmyra, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1856. Of this union nine children have been born, namely: Stephen T, Martha T., Daniel H. C, Margaret C, Charles W., James T., Isabel W., Jessie K., and Robert 0., all of whom are now living. In politics, Mr. Hayt is a firm supporter of the principle.? of the Republican party. He has held nearly all the important offices in his town, besides county or State positions. He was elected supervisor in 1856, and re-elected several times, having served twice as chairman of the Board of Supervisors. He was elected to the State Senate in 1863 and re-elected in 1865. In 1866 he was elected canal commissioner, and served three years. At present he is a member of the Board of Education, and takes a deep interest in all that pertains to the intellectual and moral welfare of the young of Corning. TOWN OF CORNING. 259 the four tracks of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. The Syracuse, Geneva and Corninp; Raihoad has proved already a great benefit to Corning. Freights to and from New York have been reduced nearly one-half, reducing the price of a great many articles correspondingly. The Fall Brook Coal Company, who are operating the road, had to increase their motive-power and rolling-stock, and also the number of clerks, conductors, engineers, shop-hands, etc., mostly residents of Corning, adding considerable to the re- sources and wealth of this village. We may be allowed to predict here, with a fair prospect for the fulfillment of our prediction, that ten years hence the population of Corning will be at least doubled ; that under the stimulus of the newly-formed railway connection, supported by home capital and enterprise, and assisted by cheap coal of excellent C(uality, manuHictories of ail kind will spring up in and around Corning, and will make it commercially one of the most important points of Southern New York. FALL BROOK COAL CO.MPANY. The Fall Brook Coal Company was organized in 1859. Its present officers are Geo. J. Magee, President ; Daniel Beach, Secretary ; John Lang, Treasurer. The machine- and car-shops of the Fall Brook Coal Company are located at Corning. These shops were in part built by the Buffalo, Corning and New York Railroad Company in 1853. Gen. Magee afterwards added to them, making them the shops of the Corning and Bio.ssburg Rail- road while that road was under his management, and sub- sequently leased them to the Tioga Railroad Company, which occupied them ten years. The Fall Brook Coal Company took possession of them in October, 18G2. The shops occupy a lot of eight acres owned by the company at the lower end of the village, including also sixteen dwelling- houses occupied by the workmen and their families. The company has made extensive improvements and additions, among other things the erection of a new carpenter- shop, a wooden truss building, 75 by 175 feet, heated throughout by steam, a paint-shop, and a store-house for passenger cars. These shops employ 100 hands, and all the cars, rolling-stock, and equipments for the entire line of roads owned by the company are here manufactured and kept in repairs. They constitute one of the most impor- tant business interests of Corning. Mr. 0. C. Patchell is superintendent of the shops, and J. C. Dow foreman of the wood department. BLOSSBURG COAL COMPANY. The Blossburg Coal Company, having its headquarters and officers at Corning, is the successor of the " Bloss Coal- Mining and Railroad Company," whose interest it pur- chased in 1871. The company owns and controls the Tioga and the Elmira State Line Railroads, making con- nections with the Erie, Lehigh Valley, and Northern Cen- tral, and Utica, Ithaca and Elmira Railroads at Elmira. The coal is mostly transported to Elmira by the Tioga Rail- road Company, whence it is shipped by the different routes East and West. They also bring considerable coal to Corn- ing for smithing, gla.ss-works, and other purposes. The officers of the company are : President, F. N. Drake, Corning; Secretary and Treasurer, H. H. Cook, Bath; General Superintendent, D. S. Drake, Corning. The Morris Run Coal-Mining Company, of Syracuse, has a branch office in Corning, — A. Beers, agent. This company transports a large amount of coal over the Syra- cuse, Geneva and Corning Railroad. CORNING MANCFACTURES. B. W. Payne & Sons. — This firm conducts the largest foundry and machine-shop in this section of the country. The business was established in 1840 by Mills & Osborn. In 1845, Mr. B. W. Payne, of Corning, P. Judson Mal- lory, and John M. French, now of Rochester, purchased the works. In 1847, Mr. Mallory died, and Mr. French retired from the firm. Laurin Mallory and Alex. Olcott then became a.s.soeiated with Mr. Payne under the firm- name of B. W. Payne & Co. Robert and Theodore Olcott subsequently became partners, and the firm was known as Payne & Olcott till 1862, when Mr. Payne purchased the interest of the Oicotts, and took in as a partner Mr. Hiram Pritchard. They continued together till 1868, when Mr. Payne purchased Mr. Pritchard's interest and took in his two sons, Benjamin N. and David W. Payne. Benjamin N. had served his time at the trade, and David been in the United States Engineer Corps and is now superin- tendent of the works. Since the time above mentioned the firm has been known as B. W. Payne & Sons. The works occupy about an acre and a half of land near the Erie Railway tract, and employ a force of from sixty to ninety men. About 1000 tons of iron are melted up an- nually. In 1873 eighty-five portable and stationary engines were built, many of them for the Southern States, and some going as far as Texas and Colorado. The business of the establishment amounts to about $200,000 a year. Preston & Heermans. — This is another large foundry and machine-shop, younger in years than the one previously mentioned, yet it has grown into popular favor, and its business is extending far out into the surrounding counties. These shops were established in 1867 by George W. Pres- ton, a practical machinist, and George Heermans, a business man of marked ability. Their works are located on a plat of land containing thirteen village lots, bounded on three sides, by Erie Avenue on the south. Market Street on the north, and Cedar on the west. The shops are capacious and substantial. They manufacture engines, mill ma- chinery, and do all kinds of repairing, taking special pains that everything shall be done in a workmanlike manner. These shops employ about thirty men, and do a business of §60,000 per annum. Hayt's Flouring-Mill. — The proprietor of this mill, Mr. Stephen T. Hayt, has lived in Corning forty-five years — in fact, has grown up with it, and been identified with every enterprise looking to its prosperity and advancement. He built this flouring-mill in 1868. It is Co by 55 feet in dimensions, four stories high, has four run of stones, and is propelled by two fifty horse-power engines, which are not permitted to lie idle much of the time. This mill has an average capacity, or is capable of grinding per annum, pearly 200,000 bushels of grain. In 1873, 80,000 260 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. bushels of wlieat were ground, 16,500 barrels of flour packed, from 80,000 to 90,000 bushels of coarser grains ground, besides 2500 tons of plaster at the plaster-mill adjoining the flouring mill. The business of this year amounted, in gross, to $250,000. This is one of the finest mills in this portion of the State. Plasing-Mill and Sash-Factort. — This establish- ment is owned and managed by Messrs. Walker & Lathrop, in connection with their large lumber trade. Here large amounts of lumber are dressed, and large quantities of sash manufactured, giving employment to about thirty men. Tills is but one department of the business of this enter- prising firm. The amount of busine.ss done in this depart- ment reaches the sum of $75,000 annually. CoKNiNG Stone Company. — The quarries of this com- pany are located about half a mile from the railroad south- west of the village, and include about 100 acres. Many of the public and private buildings of Corning are built of the stone from these quarries, and also some of the stone for the Elniira Reformatory. Glass- Works. — -The Glass- Works of Corning are widely known. They were established in 186S by Amory Hough- ton, formerly proprietor of the Brooklyn Flint-Glass Works, Brooklyn, L. I. The works stand on a lot of six acres, north of the railroad, where their buildings are adequate to the extensive business carried on, giving employment to 120 men, and manufacturing annually $180,000 worth of goods. We have not space to describe in detail the process of manufacture, nor is it necessary in a work of this kind. We will only say that all kinds of flint and colored glass- ware are manufactured at the works, including goblets, champagne and wine glasses, decanters, dishes of all kinds, lantern-globes, caster-bottles, ink-stands, lamp-chimneys, etc. Glass Cutting and Engraving. — This branch, which is separate and distinct from the glass manufacturing de- partment, and is in itself a wonderful art, is carried on in Corning by Mr. John Hoare, who leases two floors of the main building of the Corning Glass- Works. Mr. Hoare formerly conducted the same business at the Brooklyn Flint- Glass Works, and is a workman whose twenty-five years' experience has given him great skill and knowledge in the art. In this establishment from SO to 100 skilled hands are employed, and all the finer work is done for the britannia, silver, and silver-plated ware manufacturers. Also the fine cut glass for' the Executive Mansion, at Washington. The manufactured glass for cutting and engraving is purchased of the Corning Glass- Woiks. The cutting and engraving done here amounts to $100,000 annually. business houses. Among the leading business houses of Corning may be mentioned the following : Walker & Lathrop, Hardware, Lumber, Planing-Mill, Sash- and Blind-Factory. — This firm does a business of $400,000 per annum, and carry a stock of $60,000. The business was established by Pjrastus Corning and James Horner, in 1840. David B. Campston and C. C. B. Walker bought them out, in 1848. Prom 1850 to 1857 Mr. Hor- ace Turner was a member, the firm being Walker & Turner. Mr. Austin Lathrop, Jr., became a member of the firm in 1862. Sjiith & Waite, Dry-Goods, Carpets, Oil-Cloths, Mer- chant Tailoring, etc. — This house was established in 1864. They have two fine stores on Market Street, and their busi- ness amounts in the aggregate to $60,000 per annum. GoFF & Robinson represent a large dry-goods and notion house, organized in October, 1870. Their business amounts to $150,000 annually C. R. Maltby & Bro. — This firm is carrying on a very extensive wholesale grocery trade. The house was established in 1867. It is doing an annual business of $:-}oo,0()o. E. L. Dickinson & Co. are proprietors of a large bakery and confectionery establishment, successors of Mr. E. B. Smith, who established the business, in 1865. The sales amount to $50,000 a year. F. W. Parsons, Successor of J. A. Parsons & Co. — Dry- goods, shawls, boots, and slioes constitute their principal staples. The house was established by J. A. Pansons, in 1856, and is doing a business ranging from $70,000 to $100,000 a year. 0. A. Cary, succe.s.sor to J. K. Newell, represents a large interest in dry-goods, carpets, etc. The business was established by Newell & Owen, in 1868. The annual sales of this house amount to about $75,000, and it carries $30,000 worth of stock. Turbell & Co., wholesale and retail druggists, have a large and prosperous business. Their house was the first established in Corning, by Dr. Wm. Turbell, in 1840, on a small scale, and has grown to its present importance. The sales of this house annually amount to $75,000. Pritchard, Sayles & Co., Dealers in Hardware, Stoves, and Tinware. — This firm represent a business aggregating annually about $50,000. The house was established in 1867. The present firm have been proprietors since 1868. Mr. Ciias. G. Denison is engaged in an extensive business, embracing coal, cement, salt, and pork-packing. A large amount of coal is delivered in the village for family use. The business of this house amounts to not less than $50,000 a year. S. C. Campbell, Dry Goods. — This house carries also a large stock of boots and shoes. Mr. Campbell's store is one of the finest in the village, and his annual business amounts to about $60,000. Cole & Thomson are among the leading general in- surance agents, and are doing an extensive business. This interest was established by Mr. George Thomson, in 1848. The present proprietors are Chester S. Cole and Col. C. H. Thomson. William Walker, also one of the leading business men of the place, is engaged in an extensive insurance business, in addition to the hat, cap, fur, ,ind glove trade, for which he is so extensively and favorably known. Baxter & McIntosh, Retail Druggists. — Established in 1871, formerly Baxter Brothers. The members of the present firm are D. H. Baxter and James C. Mcintosh. W. D. Todd, Hats, Caps, and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. ^ — Mr. Todd also owns a half-interest in the mer- chant-tailoring establishment of M. Sehenek & Co., located A. HOVGHTUN, Jr., VVfS. H, P. SiN'.i.AiRE, Sec'y. CORNING GLASS WORKS, CORNING, N. Y. John Hoare, Prop, of Cutting and Engraving Dept. STEAM GRANITE AND.MARBLE WORKS, CORNING, N. Y. LoVASso Field, Proprietor. ^CM-e/2&^ 7 C7-i^*<^ TOWN OF CORNING. 2G1 in tlie adjoining store on Pine Street, and a cigar-store at- taclied. His sales amount to $35,000 or $40,000 per annum. Commenced business in 1875. Douglas & Brown, Wholesale and Retail Druggists. — Tliis firm was established in April, 1878. Mr. Douglas had been previously for sixteen years connected with the drug house of W. B. Turbell & Co. A. K. Brown is the other member of the firm. There are two ready-made clothing-stores in the village, Messrs. M. P. Ansorge, doing a very large business, and J. W. Werner. C. E. CoRBiN and E. S. Barnes have each well-supplied book-stores and news-rooms on Market Street. LovAsso Field's Steam Granite and Marble- Works is a leading interest in the manufacture of all kinds of monumental and cemetery work from foreign and American granites and marbles. He runs a steam stone sawing-mill and steam-poiishing machinery, and does a large amount of business. Established in 1875. Another enterprise in the same line is the Haischer Brothers' Marble-Works. In August, 1875, Messrs. Victor and Anthony Haischer purchased the works of Mr. John Mcintosh, and 1878 erected their present new and commodious shops. They do a business amounting to from $16,000 to $20,000 a year. There are two large furniture and undertakers' establish- ments, as follows : Thomas Taylerson, established in 1858, and J. W. Darrin, established April 12, 1871. Mr. Tay- lerson came from England to Corning in 1843. In 1858 he started a furniture manufactory. In 18G2 he erected his present building, and in the same year added the under- taking department. The business was conducted by Tay- lerson & Sharpsteen, 18G9 to 1871 ; then Taylerson & Lathrop, and Taylerson & Sill, till 1877, since which Mr. Taylerson has carried on the bu.sine.ss alone. J. W. Darrin, established April 12, 1871. Mr. Dar- rin purchased the interest of John Mallory, and, in 1875, built his new and commodious store, where he now carries on a prosperous business. DICKINSON HOUSE. Among the many well-known and popular first-class hotels, the Dickinson House enjoys a reputation second to none. This is owing to the superior manner in which it ia kept by the Fuller Brothers. The house is capacious, and elegantly furnished and equipped throughout with all that can conduce to the comfort and satisfaction of guests and the traveling public. This hotel was built in 1850. In 1865, Mr. George W. Fuller, and in 1871, his brother, D. L. Fuller, became proprietors. They are the sons of an old and popular landlord, and have inherited a predilection for correct and successful hotel-keeping. Mr. John Veezie has for many years occupied the position of clerk, and Mr. Thomas Argue has been head porter ever since the house was opened. globe hotel. The Globe Hotel, a new brick building near the Erie depot, was opened in November, 1877. Charles Barry, proprietor. BANKS. Corning has two banks, which are among the sound and prosperous monetary institutions of the State. They are as follows : J. N. Hungerford's Bank, organized 1860. J. N. Hun- gerford. President ; E. C. Pond, Cashier. Q. W. Wellington & Co.'s Bank, organized 1862. Q. W. Wellington, President ; Theodore Olcott, Cashier. BUSINESS SUMMARY. The business of Corning may be briefly summed up as follows: dry goods, $445,000; groceries, $610,000; liquors, $95,000 ; hardware, $146,000 ; foundry and machine-shops, $260,000 ; planing-mill and .sash-factory, $75,000; furniture, $25,000; drugs, $100,000; confec- tionery, $60,000 ; hats and caps, $15,000 ; oil, $35,000 ; hotels, $65,000; flouring-mill, $250,000; glass-works, $180,000; glass cutting and engraving, $100,000; mis- cellaneous, $100,000 ; railway and express business, $1,000,000, making a total of $3,975,000. lawyers.* The following are the lawyers at pre.sent practicing in Corning :. Geo. T. Spencer, Geo. B. Bradley, A. S. Ken- dall, D. F. Brown, F. A. Williams, A. Hadden, E. B. Ro.ss, E. D. Mills, C. H. Thomson, John W. Brown, C. D. Baker, F. C. English, Egbert Shoemaker. SCHOOLS. Corning is celebrated for the excellency of her .schools and school buildings. From her earliest history there has been a public sentiment strongly progressive, and the unanimity with which the school officials have been sup- ported in their efforts is worthy of emulation. Education forms so important a part in the growth and progress of this enterprising village, that a brief history of the schools cannot fail to be of general interest. The first movement towards organizing a school in the then District No. 14, town of Painted Post, village of Corning, was made Sept. 2, 1839, at the house of S. B. Denton, where a meeting was held for that purpose. At this meeting H. W. Bostwick was chosen chairman. The result of the meeting was the appointment of Thos. A. Johnson (late Judge Johnson), Wm. L. Waller, and Charles Clark, trustees, and William J. Arnold, clerk. Judge Johnson was made chairman of the board, and was, therefore, the first president of* the board of school trustees in the village of Corning. A room was secured over a store, and the sum of tweuty-eiglit dollars voted for books, book-case and fuel. Comparisons are sometimes odious, and the reader will appreciate the force of the expression when it is stated that in 1840 the clerk was directed by tlie board to call a meeting of the tax-payers, to determine how the public money should be dispo.sed of, — an idea new to the present age. At this time there were two schools : ten dollars were applied to one taught by Miss Mary Bonham, and the balance, a small amount, to the one taught by Col. Jona- * See Bench anJ B:ir of the Cuiintv. 262 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. (ban Fellows. This was in 1840. Cu.stoms change. In June of the same year a proposition to build a school- house was made and favorably entertained, and ^300 voted for the purpose. At a succeeding meeting a motion to reconsider failed. Charles Clark was the architect of the now building, the plan calling for a steeple ; but thi.s latter was rejected, and two additional windows put in the building instead. The structure was 24 by 30 feet; 16 feet from bottom sill to top plate ; contained six windows, each having 24 lights, of 7 by 9 glass, and seats and desks for 40 persons. The seats were designed by Col. Fellows. The building was painted with two coats of white paint, and all finished in a workmanlike manner. The contract was let to the lowest bidder, Mr. Charles Clark obtaining it at $270. On the 1st of September, 1840, the first The building was erected on the public square. The work, however, was seriously retarded by the refusal of some to pay their tax. The trustees resigned ; new ones were ap- pointed, and finally the work was complete. In 1847, the expenses had increased to $280.20 ; P. Morse, Misses Jeruslia Cooper, Stacy, and Bliven being the teachers. In 1848, the expense had increased to $675.26, a much larger corps of teachers being necessary. The schools continued in a prosperous condition till 1850, when the free school law was enacted by the Legislature. To supply any de- ficiency a tax of $1200 was at once voted, and free-schools inaugurated. There was considerable opposition to this appropriation, and a decided effort made to reduce it ; but on motion of S. T. Hayt, Esq., it was increased to $2355, and in 1852 $800 was voted to build a wing on the cast '"'■^^>.-... CORNING FREE school-house in the village of Corning was ready for occu- pation. The first financial report was made on the 4th of Sep- tember, 1843, and showed an expenditure for the year of $73, and a balance in the treasury of 86 cents, and a float- ing debt of $30.70, all of which was provided for by tax. In 1844, the public money amounted to $89. In 1845, a proposition to build a new school-house was introduced, the trustees being at the time S. B. Denton, Bertine Pew, N. L. Somers, and E. P. Rogers, clerk. Thomas A. John- son, J. B. Graves, and P. J. Mallory were appointed a com- mittee to co-operate with the trustees. The report showed that there were about 260 children requiring education, and accommodations for only about 60. It was not until June, 1846, however, that definite action was taken, and then, by a vote of 20 to 4, $1200 were appropriated for the purpose. ACADEMY. side of the school building. The expenses this year were $1940. On the 13th of April, 1859, a special act was passed by the Legislature, " to encourage and promote education in the town of Corning," the trustees of district No. 9 being constituted a board of education. In 1862, the old Meth- odist church was purchased at a cost of $300, and became the left wing of the school building. The corps of teachers this year was enlarged to IS, under the charge of Z. L. Parker, as principal. He was succeeded in 1864 by Prof Slie, who continued till 18G6, when Prof Wildman as- sumed charge. During each year the attendance and in- terest increased, and the schools of Corning were the subject of much flattering comment, as indeed they deserved. In 1868, H. A. Balcam, M.A., a graduate of Columbia College and a leacher of large experience, was called to take charge TOWN OF CORNING. 263 of the schools. He entered upon his duties on the Slst of Aurrust, 1868, and at once inaugurated a graded school with a full academic course. The first annual commence- ment was held June SO, 1869, at which time four students were graduated and received diplomas. A cla.ss of eleven graduated in 1870. It was during this year that Prof. Balcam urged the necessity of providing better facilities forthe accommodation of pupils, and advocated the erec- tion of an academy that should be worthy of the growing and enterprising village. At his urgent solicitation a meet- ing was called and held on the 26th of August, 1870, which was attended by the tax-payers of the village. The board of education were authorized to raise by tax $25,000, with which to commence the building, — only nine di.ssenting votes being cast. The board at this time consisted of the following-named gentlemen : Hiram Pritchard, Samuel C. Robertson, George W. Patterson, Jr., Lewis C. Kingsbury, George Hitchcock, and Charles G. Denison. Such a lib- eral public spirit as was manifested at the meeting greatly encouraged the board of education, and they proceeded at once to carry into efl'ect the wishes of the people. Nine large village lots were purchased on Third Street, Walnut Street dividing them, locating four lots upon one side where the building stands, and five upon the other to be devoted to a park and play-ground. A general plan was drawn up by Prof. Balcam and Mr. Patterson, which was given to Mr. S. F. Eveleth, architect, of New York, who prepared the construction plans. The building was .so far completed as to be occupied on the 1st of September, 1873. The cost of its erection was about $70,000. We herewith append a brief description of this noble building, of which the citizens of Corning justly feel proud. It is of red brick ornamented with stone, having a very fine outside architectural appearance. The founda- tion is 70 by 100 feet, exclusive of a small wing in which are located the boiler for steam-lieating apparatus and closets. The building being located on the side-hill there is a sub- cellar basement in which is the coal-room and the furnace. Above is the basement proper, and is entered from the rear of the building, opening into a reception-room elegantly carpeted and furnished. In the rear are six rooms occu- pied by the janitor and his family. To the right of the.se is a large corridor, through the centre of the basement, 106 by 16 feet, connecting by an arch-way with two other large basement rooms, each 45 by 35, which, being heated by steam, are used for play-rooms during unpleasant weather. From the corridor are halls leading to the closets and into the wing in which is located the chemical laboratory, a room 35 by 30. Ascending one flight of stairs the visitor is ushered into, first, a hall in the tower in which the stair- ways are located, both in front and rear, except that the rear tower only rises to the second story while that in front is 102 feet from the ground to the summit. The outer doors, each having storm-doors, open into the tower halls or vestibules, and these communicate with ante-rooms, 16 by 21. From these ante-rooms the school-rooms, contain- ing 60 seats each, are entered. The first and second floors being divided precisely the same, it is only necessary to de- scribe one of them, except the seats are larger as we go from the primary through to the academical rooms. The first floor is devoted to the primary and secondary depart- ments. There are four rooms on each floor, 26 by 40 feet. Each room has two wardrobe-rooms, 8 by 8 feet. The two rooms on the ea.'it and the two on the west side of the building communicate with each other by large folding- doors. Passing to the third floor we enter the academical room, 39 by 08 feet, and containing 150 seats. From this room the principal is in direct communication with every department both by speaking-tubes and signal-bells. The school-rooms are all furnished with Chase's single desks, iron frames with folding seats, the woodwork all being of fine cherry. The flooring throughout the building is of oak, and all deadened so that the noise of one department does not disturb the exercises of another. Every room in the building contains gas-burners, 100 in all, and the school- rooms, while abundantly supplied with windows, can be darkened by the inside blinds attached to each. The vesti- bules contain seats and are warmed, so that pupils arriving early may be comfortable in the coldest of weather. All the departments are most elegantly finished and furnished, and it is altogether one of the most complete school-build- ings in the State. A large number of volumes and geolog- ical specimens have already been placed in the library and cabinet-rooms which occupy the upper floor of the building, and ascending another flight of stairs we enter the clock- room, where a tine, large clock, with four dials, occupies this story in the tower. Still another flight, and we stand by the deep-toned bell which calls the youth of Corning to these halls, and hourly, day and night, rings out the hours. This bell weighs 2500 pounds, and bears the fol- lowing in.scription, cast in the bell : "MENEELY BELL FOUNDRY, WEST TROY. CORNING FREE ACADEMY. A.D. 1873. HinASr PRITCHARD, SAMDEL C. ROBERTSON, GEO. W. PATTERSON, JR., LEWIS C. KINGSBURY, GEORGE HITCHCOCK, CHAS. G. DENISON. BOARD OF EDUCATION. JOHN N. HUNGERFORD, Treasurer ; GEO. E. EATON, Secretary ; H. A. BALCAM, M.A., Principal," It would be an act of injustice not to mention in this connection the valuable services of Mr. Geo. W. Patterson, Jr., one of the Board of Education. From the first incep- tion of the work to its completion and occupancy he gave up all other business, and devoted his whole time and atten- tion to the enterprise. Every piece of timber and every portion of the work was personally inspected by him. Hia valuable counsel and individual efibrt cannot be estimated pecuniarily. And all this without any other fee or reward than the consciousness of rendering a valuable public service. Prof Balcam remained in charge of the schools till June 29, 1876. On the 4th of September, 1876, Prof A. Gay- lord Slocum, A.B., a graduate of Rochester University, assumed charge, and is the present superintendent and principal of the academy. 2C4 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Sfafislics. — Since the establisliuiont of "llie academic de- paitment 120 have graduated, as follows: 4 in 1869 ; 11 in 1870; 17 in 1872; 22 in 1873; 12 in 1874; 18 in 1875; 27 in 1876; and 9 in 1878. Tiie assessed valua- tion of property in the district is $1,473,049. Total amount expended for school purposes for the year ending Sept. 30, 1878, ^15,599.56. Number of school age in the district, 1386. Attendants, 1076. Whole number of days taught, 115,328. The First Street School employs 5 teachers and has 387 pupils. Board of Jiistructioii, 18l8-7d. — A. Gaylord Slocum, ' A.M., Principal and Superintendent; Sanford F. Huntley, B.S., First Assistant; Miss Maggie C. Milne, Second As- sistant ; Miss Carrie W. Coates, First Grammar Department ; Miss Ella L. Mallory, Second Grammar Department ; Miss Sarah A. Ferenbaugh,* First Intermediate Department ; Miss Bessie Spencer,* Second Intermediate Department ; Miss Lucy M. Berry,* First Secondary Department; Miss Sarah A. Saunders,* Second Secondary Department; Miss L. A. Robertson, First Primary Department ; Miss Sarah S. Eaton,* Second Primary Department. First Street School. — Miss M. D. McCaffrey, Grammar Department ; Miss M. D. Clancey, Intermediate Depart- ment ; Miss M. I. Regan, Secondary Department; Miss M. C. Bergen, Primary Department ; Miss M. J. Stafford, Second Primary Department. Board of Education, 1878-79. — A. S. Kendall, Presi- dent; Geo. Hitchcock, Secretary; Q. W. Willington, Treas- urer; Chas. G. Denison, A. H. Gorton, E. D. Mills, S. T. Hayt, E. Clisdell. CORNING LIBRARY. At a meeting held on the 25th of February, 1873, the Corning Library was organized under the general law, with the following officers : C. H. Thomson, President ; George W. Pratt, Vice-President; H. A. Balcam, Secretary; J. N. Hungerford, Treasurer ; Mrs. A. B. Maynard, Librarian. A handsome one-story building, suited for the library, was erected on Erie Avenue, and the library was opened to the public on the 4th of February, 1874. Its growth has been rapid, and it is undoubtedly one of the most prosperous and beneficial institutions of the village. By the payment of two dollars per year any person can become a subscriber, which entitles him to draw from the library such books as he may desire to read, subject, of course, to the rules of the association, which are very liberal, and intended to promote reading and selfculturc among the masses of tlie people. The library now contains 6500 volumes, carefully selected for general reading, and embracing many rare and valuable books of reference. The following-named persons constitute the present board of trustees : C. H. Thomson, Wm. Walker, Geo. T. Spencer, Q. W. Willington, S. T. .Hayt, Geo. W. Pratt, Jno. N. Hungerford, C. C. B. Walker, J. B. Graves, H. Pritchard, Ales. Olcott, Geo. B. Bradley, Henry B. Noyes. The two last named having succeeded Wm. D. Turbell and H. A. Balcam, of the first board. C. H. Thom- son, President; G. W. Pratt, Vice-President; William "^ Graduates of the Corning Free Academy. Walker, Secretary; J. N. Hungerford, Treasurer; Hon. George T. Spencer, Historian ; Miss F. Maynard, Librarian. CORNING WATER-WORKS. In pursuance of a special act of the Legislature, the board of the village of Corning, in 1870, inaugurated a movement for the .supply of the village with water. At the annual election in 1871, the people authorized "the newly-elected board to issue the bonds of the village for the construction of water-works. Charles G. Denison, presi- dent of the village, and A. H. Gorton were appointed the supervising committee, who purchased a piece of land for a re.servoir, at the head of Pine Street, 210 feet above the village, and entered into a contract with the Gloucester Iron-Works, of Philadelphia, to construct the reservoir and lay the necessary pipes. The work was completed at the contract price, $20,000, in September, 1872, including the reservoir, 2126 feet of 8-inch pipe, 3225 feet of 6-inch pipe, 3434 feet of 4-inch pipe, 268 feet of 3-inch pipe, 20 branches, 22 hydrants, 12 stop-valves, plugs, caps, etc. This arrangement has been found very effective for fire purposes, the natural force of the water through an inch and a quarter nozzle throwing a stream 120 feet perpen- dicular, or five streams far above the highest building in the village. In case of a deficiency of water in extreme dry weather, a pumping apparatus has been established at a never-failing pond of beautiful clear spring water, in the lower part of the village. The reservoir on the hill is .sup- plied with water from the creek, known as Monkey Run, and is sufficient for all purposes except in very dry weather. Since the original construction of the works, about $15,000 have been expended upon them in the form of repairs and improvements, making the total cost as they now stand about $35,000. It is safe to say that Corning is favored with a system of water-works seldom enjoyed even by large cities. On the 1st of January, 1877, the village corporation transferred the Corning water-works to Messrs. H. C. Heer- mans and T. L. Lawrence, lessees, for thirty years. H. C. Heermans, Superintendent ; T. L. Lawrence, Engineer. CORNING GAS COMPANY. The Corning Gas Company was incorporated Aug. 1, 1862. The officers are L. C. Kingsbury, President; C. S. Cole, Secretary; F. D. Kingsbury, Treasurer; and R. E. Cole, Superintendent. CHURCHES. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OP CORNING. This church was organized at Knoxville, about 1810, and was originally known as the " Presbyterian Church of Painted Post." Its first house of worship was built at Knoxville in 1832, the church having up to that time held services in the school-house. The second edifice was erected in the village of Corning, and was dedicated April 28, 1842. The year following, by action of the Presbytery, the name was changed to the First Presbyterian Church of Corning, and the organization was soon after incorporated, with the following-named persons as trustees : Bradford A. Potter, James A. Hayt, and Charles R. Tisdale. W.W. WORMLEY WILLIAM W. WORMLEY. Samuel Wormley, son of John Wormley, was born in Cumber- land Co., Pa., Aug. 14, 1796, and settled in the town of Corning, formerly Painted Post, Steuben Co., N. Y., about 1815 or 1816, within two miles of the place now owned by his son, William W. He was a farmer and lumberman by occupation, and endured all the privations incident to a pioneer life. He was one of the rep- resentative farmers of his time, and owned some three hundred and fifty acres of the best land in the town. In politics he was a Jack- son Democrat. He became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church a short time before his death. He married Sally, daughter of Joseph Gillctt, In 1818. She was born Dec. 2, 1797. Of this union six children — live sons and one daughter — were horn, viz. : Henry, now in Illinois ; Joseph G., a resident of Steuben County ; Minerva, now a resident of Geneva, N. Y. J William W., the subject of this sketch ; George (deceased) ; and John G., who is living in Michigan. Mrs. Samuel Wormley died Aug. 10, 1852, and was buried in the cemetery near Corning. Mr. Wormley married a Mrs. Hannah Wolf, a resident of Seneca Co., N. Y., for his second wife. At the time of his death, and for many years previous, he was a citizen of Seneca County, within five miles of Seneca Falls. He died Feb. 14, 1868, and was buried by the side of his first wife. William W. Wormley, son of Samuel and Sally Wormley, was born in the town of Corning, Steuben Co., N. Y., July 19, 1824. He was reared on the farm, which honorable business he has suc- cessfully followed to the present time. He commenced life poor, receiving but a small sum from his father, but by untiring energy and frugality he has become one of the large and substantial farmers of his town and county. The winters have been spent lumbering ; thus his life, like many others in the county, has been farming aiid lumbering. He owns more than four hundred acres of land, the greater part of which lies along the river, in the beautiful valley below the village of Corning. His improvements are good. A view of his buildings can be seen opposite. Ho has always been a firm Democrat in politics, but of late so far favors the movements of the Greenback party as to believe it would be for the best interest of the country if the national banks were done away with, and their issue of $324,000,000 replaced by as many greenbacks as it takes bonds placed with the controller of the currency to secure the issue of said national bank notes. We would then have $360,000,000 instead of $324,000,000, thus add- ing $36,000,000 to the circulation, and saving to the country the interest on f 360,000, (X)0 of bonds. He married Mary D., daughter of Horace and Malinda Westcott, July 25, 1849. She was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., June 8, 1826, and settled in Steuben County with her parents in 1839. As the result of the above alliance three children have been born, namely, — Mandame M., who married Le Roy Miller, and now resides on a farm in the town of Corning; Prank P., who married Emma Van Kurin, and now resides on the farm with his parents ; and Miss Carrie, at home with her parents. We append the following in reference to Horace Westcott : He was a native of Connecticut, and settled when a boy in Norwich, Chenango Co., N. Y., in company with his parents, and continued to reside there till 1839, when he settled in Caton, Steuben Co., with his family. He was a farmer by occupation, and by perse- verance and frugality gained a competency. His golden wedding was celebrated several years ago by his children, grandchildren, and friends. He has three children, viz. : Mrs. Wm. W. Worm- ley, and Mrs. H. D. Smith, both of Corning; and Dr. N. S. West- cott, 360 Bleeckor Street, New York City. His widow still lives- He died Dec. 31, 1878, aged seventy-seven years. He was a tender and aftectionate husband and father, a kind and obliging neighbor, a true and warm-hearted friend, and an honest man. TOWN OF CORNING. 2(55 In 1SG7 the present beautiful church edifice was built, at a cost of $:56,000. This church, when first organized, was under the juris- diction of the Presbytery of Geneva, afterwards of Bath, then it was transferred to the Presbytery of Chemung, and is now within the bounds of the Presbytery of Steuben. It was organized by Rev. John Niies, of Bath. The first settled pastor was Rev. Clement Hickman, who was installed Aug. 25, 1812, and resigned in 1816. From that time till 1821 the church was without a pastor, but was kept alive by a few devoted and faithful Christian women, who main- tained the prayer-meeting and the Sunday-school. Among these were the late Mrs. Wm. Bonham, of Painted Post, and the late Mrs. Ann McCali, of Bath. The superintend- ents of the Sabbath-school were Mrs. Ann McCall and Miss Maria Knox, afterwards the wife of Mr. John McBurney. The successor of Rev. Clement Hickman was Rev. Thomas Lounsbury, whose field of labor embraced several settle- ments, extending from Big Flats to Campbell, and who numbered among his hearers the settlers on JMud Creek. The pastors who have served this church from the first are the following; Rev. Clement Hickman, 1812-16 ; Rev. Thomas Lounsbury, 1821-23 ; Rev. Mr. Gilbert, 1823-25; Rev. Reuben Sanborn, 1826-27; Rev. David Harrower, 1827-29 ; Rev. David Higgins, D.D., 1829-31 ; Rev. John Barton, 1832-35; Rev. John Smith, 1835-38; Rev. F. W. Graves, 1838; Rev. Samuel M. Hopkins, D.D., 1840- 42 ; Rev. Joshua B. Graves, 1842-47 ; Rev. Job Pierson, 1847-49; Rev. A. L. Brooks, 1849-51 ; Rev. Robert E. Wilson, 1851-55; Rev. Darwin Chichester, 1856-59; Rev. William A. Niles, D.D., 1859-72 ; Rev. Anson G. Chester, 1872-75; Rev. M. L. P. Hill, 1875-79. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In the spring of 1845 a second Presbyterian Church was established in Corning. The original members, numbering 46, were regularly dismissed from the old church to form the new organization, which was formed by the Presbytery of Chemung, Nov. 20, 1845. Their house of worship was built on the north side of Erie Avenue, corner of Wall Street, and was familiarly known as the Old Tabernacle. Rev. Horatio Pattengill, D.D., was the only pastor. The two churches were united on the 2d of April, 1849. CHRIST CHURCH, EPISCOPAL. The parish of Christ Church. Corning, was organized on the 2d of April, 1841, by Rev. Richard Smith. Jonathan Fellows was chosen senior warden, and John Miller junior warden, with the following vestrymen : Hiram W. Bostwick, Laurin Mallory, Thomas A. Johnson, Philander J. Mallory, Nelson L. Somers, Jonah Davis, Wm. J. Arnold, and Seely Brownell. The Corning Company donated a lot on West Market Street, on which a chapel was built and occupied for wor- ship till the present church was erected in 1854. The edifice occupies a pleasant and desirable site on the corner of Walnut Street and Erie Avenue. It is built of stone in the Norman-Gothic style of architecture, and cost, as at present completed, about $25,000. Several influential families outside of Corning are con- 34 nected with the parish. The rectors who have officiated are the following, in the order named : Revs. Richard Smith, M. A. Nickerson, Justice Field, James Eaton, G. M. Skinner, F. J. R. Lightbourn, N. Barrows, E. Z. Lewis, L. D. Ferguson, Lucius Sweetland, Wm. Montgomery, Joseph Hunter, E. S. Wilson, S. R. Fuller. Present Wardens. — Nelson L. Somers, Corning ; David Curtis, Painted Post. Vestrymen. — A. Houghton, Jr., A. Lathrop, Jr., John Hoare, William Walker, E. C. Maltby, S. B. Wellington, J. B. Maltby, Zerah Todd. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP CORNING. The first circuit preacher. Rev. Joseph Pearsall, received his appointment to Painted Post Circuit from the Genesee Conference in 1832. The Corning Circuit, including Caton, was organized in 1839, and Corning became a station in 1847. The Corning class in 1833, and for several years following, held its meetings in the school-house at Little Flats. The first church edifice was erected in 1839. It was located on the south side of First Street, a little east of where the court-house now stands, and was supplied with a bell presented by Mrs. Erastus Corning. Chandler Wheeler and Thomas S. Davis were the preachers at that time. The trustees were Jo.seph Gillett, Sr. , H. G. Phelps, B. P. Bailey, Jesse Clark, and H. W. Bostwick. Among the members were Jesse Clark, Class-Leader; Eliza Clark, H. G. Phelps, Hannah Phelps, James Lawry, Ann Lawry, Mrs. C. Wheeler, John A. Parcell, Caroline Parcell, R. W. Gladwin, Elizabeth Gladwin, Warren Starkey, Sophia Starkey, David Spencer, Grace Rhodes, B. P. Bailey, Martha Bailey, Rebecca Simpson, and later, Hiram Pritch- ard, Lucinda Pritchard, Mary Lee, Mary Phelps, Adelia Tifiany, Maria Van Deusen, Hannah Rhodes, Charles S. Bailey, Eliza Rich, and Harriet Land. The presiding elders were appointed as follows : Manly Tooker, 1832; Benjamin Shepman, 1836; Jonas Dodge, 1837 ; J. H. Wallace, 1838 ; Jonas Dodge, 1841 ; Thomas Carlton, 1844 ; William Hosraer, 1846; Nathan Fellows, 1848 ; H. N. Seaver, 1852 ; Porter McKinstry, 1855 ; S. L. Congdon, 1859 ; J. G. Gulick, 1867 ; Thomas Tousey, 1874; Luke C. Queal, 1875; E. T.Green, 1877. Ministers. — Joseph Pearsall, 1832 ; Joseph Chapman, 1833; William Hosmer and Daniel Fellows, 1835 ; Mar- shall St. John, 1835-36 ; Noble Palmeter and Ira Brown- son, 1837 ; Chandler Wheeler and Charles S. Davis, 1838 ; Ambrose Abbott, 1839 ; Charles S. Davis, 1840 ; Amos Hard and Charles L. Bowne, 1841 ; Hanford Colborn and Trowbridge, 1843 ; J. V. Mapes, 1843; E. B. Fuller, 1844 ; E. E. Chambers, 1846 ; T. B. Hudson, 1847 ; John Wiley, 1848; H. N. Seaver, 1849; Jonathan Watts, 1850 ; Theodore McElheney, 1852 ; David Nutten, 1853 ; Alpha Wright, 1855; A. S. Baker, 1856; J. Raines, 1858; J. T. Arnold, 1860; Thomas Tousey, 1862; R. Hogeboom, 1863; J. K. Tuttle, 1865; S. L. Congdon, 1866-68; C. P. Hard, 1868; Thomas Stacy, 1871 ; J. P. Farmer, 1873; A. S Durston (local supply), 1873; A. N. Damon, 1874; G. W. Chandler, 1877; J. V. Benham, 1878. In the fall of 1860 the subscription for the new church 266 HISTOEY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. was circulated by the pastor, llev. J. T. x\rnold. He was not only pastor, but the successful financier of the enter- prise. The church is a commodious briclc structure, with a capacity for seating about 700, and has recently been re- modeled and refitted at a cost of about §1200. Rev. Dr. William Hosmer, pastor of this church in 1835, has since been for many years editor and manager of the Northern Christian Advocate aud Northern Independent, at Auburn, N. Y. ST. Mary's (catholic) church. The first services of the Catholic Church were held in Corning in 1812, by Rev. Patrick Bradley, then residing at Geneva, N. Y. At that time there were not more than three or four Catholic families residing in the place. Rev. Mr. Bradley vi.sited Corning about three or four times a year, till 1S45 or 1840, when he was succeeded by Rev. John Sheridan, from Owogo, who visited the place five or six times a year, till the year 1847. From this time till 1849 services were held about once a month. The com- mencement of the Eric Railway at this time began to in- crea.se the Catholic population of Corning, but they were chiefly poor laboring men. In 1849, Rev. Mr. Sheridan commenced the erection of a small frame church, and when it was finished. Corning was visited monthly from Elmira till the year 1850, in which year Rev. John Boyle and Rev. Mr. Cunningham, of Elmira, paid visits to the parish monthly, and sometimes twice a month, till 1852. Rev. Mr. Cunningham was then appointed the first resident clergyman of Corning, and remained till December, 1860, visiting the missions at Ad- dison and Bath. During his time the little church at, Corning was considerably enlarged, and a church built at Addison. The Catholics of Corning also built a school- house during this year. In December, 1860, Rev. Peter Colgan was appointed pastor of the Corning mission, including the villages of Corning and Addison, and vicinity. He immediately took measures for the permanent establishment and effective sup- port of the Catholic school, calling a meeting Dec. 16, 18G0, at which a committee was appointed, the village divided into several small districts, and the heads of Catholic fam- ilies taxed according to their means to support the school, to which proposition the entire congregation agreed. In- temperance was also declared to be an evil which was de- stroying the peace and happiness of many families, and a temperance society was organized, Jan. lo, 1861. Also, at the same time, a benevolent society was formed. The first confirmation was held by the Rt.-Rev. Bishop, October 5, 1862, twelve adult persons being confirmed. St. Mary's Cemetery was at the same time consecrated by the bishop. Nov. 22, 1863, Rt.-Rev. Bishop Timon visited the church and confirmed 112 persons. On the 10th of June, 1866, the corner-stone of the new St. Mary's church was laid, and during the same day Rt.- Rev. Bishop Timon confirmed 203 persons. The cost of the new St. Mary's church was about $65,000, including the parochial residence. It is not yet finished in accordance with the original plan, the spire not being built at this writing (Feb., 1879). The Catholic population of Corning is about 2000 ; about 500 more are included in the country part of the parish, which embraces Big Flats, Caton, Hornby, Lindley, and part of Erwin. A large frame building has been erected for the school, which, in October, 1862, Rev. Mr. Colgan succeeded in placing under the State law, so as to entitle to a share of the State and district money.- The attendance at the school is 380 pupils, and it employs 5 teachers. In 1868, St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum was opened in a small frame building, pur- chased by Rev. Mr. Colgan, in September, 1864. The Sis- ters of Mercy, who have charge of the orphanage, are also teachers of the female department of the school. In 1873 the State Arsenal building was sold by the Slate, and was purchased by Rev. Mr. Colgan, with the site, in- cluding four acres of land, at a cost of §12,000, and con- verted into an asylum and convent, where the Sisters reside. An additional sum of $3000 was expended in fitting up the place. Ten orphans arc now in the asylum, where they are cared for till places can be had for them in good families, when they are sent out and others taken in their stead. BAPTIST CHURCH. The Baptist Church of Corning was organized Aug. 24, 1842, with 24 original members. E. D. Fish and D. Baker were chosen deacons, and J. Clark clerk. The church edifice was erected, and dedicated May 8, 1850. Since the organization of the church the following pas- tors have officiated : Rev. B. R. Swich, Rev. Luke Davis, llev. A. H. Starkweather, Rev. Charles Morton, Rev. H. F. Hill, Rev. George Starkweather, Rev. Mr. Barnes, Rev. D. Van Alstine, Rev. F. R. Fowler, and Rev. James P. Thorns, the present pastor. The present membership of the church is 137 ; Sunday- school, 139. There is also a Free-Will Baptist Church in Corning, which was organized in 1865. PHYSICIANS. The first physician who settled at Corning was Dr. Wil- liam Turbell, who is still a resident of the village. Dr. Turbell was born at Southampton, Long Island, in the year 1798, and is a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, in the class of 1826. Dr. Seely Brownell was the next physician, who prac- ticed a few years, and was succeeded by Dr. N. M. Her- rington in September, 1844. Dr. Corbett Peebles, who had formerly practiced in Knuxvillo, came to Corning about 1842. He practiced till about April 1, 1844, when he removed to Big Flats, where he has since resided. Dr. Hoffman was also an early practitioner in Corning. He practiced here a short time in 1844. Dr. N. M. Herrington, who is still in active practice in the village, came here as a physician in September, 1844. He was born in Burlington, Otsego Co., N. Y , in 1812, and graduated at Castleton, Vt., in 1837. He has been a constant practitioner in this village for more than thirty- four years. Dr. Joshua B. Graves was born in Bridport, Addison Co., Vt., Dec. 14, 1806. His father, Increase Graves, was clergyman of the Congregational Church, and for forty years was pastor of one church at Bridport, Vt., remaining there until his death, which occurred at the age of eighty years. His mother, whose maiden name was Stetson, sister of the first of the name who kept the Astor House of New York City, died at the age of upwards of eighty years at Bridport, Vt. Dr. Graves spent his minority until he was eighteen on the farm and attending common school. He received an academical education at Castleton, Vt., remaining there one and a half years. About the time of reaching his majority he entered the Vermont Academy of Medicine, under Prof. Woodward, from which he was graduated M.D. in the year 1828, having been for two years previous to his graduation assistant surgeon in the surgical and anatomical departments of that institution. Dr. Graves commenced the practice of medicine in the city of Troy, N. Y., where he remainet I.t. Cm. ; G. W. Fuller, 82°, 111. 2d Lt.Com. ; C. C. B. Walker, 82°, 111. M. of S. and G. O.; Q. W. Wellington, :'.2°, 111. G. C. ; J. H. Hitchcox, 32°, 111. G. S. and G. K. of the S. and A. ; C. S. Cole, 32°, 111. G. T. ; 1). F. 15rown, 32°, III. G E. and A.; II. T. Curtis, 32°, 111. G. M. of C. ; H. Goff, 32°, HI. G. S. L ; H. Pritchanl, 32°, 111. G. H. ; C. E. Green- field, 32°, III. G. C. of G. ; John Hoare, 32°, III. G. S. ; .]. 11. Hitchcox, 32°, Sec. of the Rite. licgular rendezvous, second and fourth ^Monday even- ings. Triennial election, Dec. 27, 1870. MILITARY RECORD OP CORNING. IVtci II. Fnro, Co. U, fitli Tav. ; cnl. July :i], 1802 ; wiuriilod ; iliscli. .lunp 27, 1864. J..lin ». Faro, Cii. I); .'illtli Kng. : cnl. An;;. 22, 1804; disch. June 14, ISC'). Isaar K. Rose, Oi>. I), 141»t Inf.; cnl, Aug. 19, 1802; wounilH iit l!l■^•acll, Ga.; disch. June Tl, ISC'). Walter A. Lnce, Co. I), Hint Inf.; enl. Aug. 31, 1801 ; dinch. Aug. 31, 1804. William Tdtti'n, C). f, 80th Inf ; enl. Aug. 20, ISOI ; re-enl. ii« vet., Dec. :)0, 180:l; died March 17,1804. Frederick Darrin, C.i. F, ;)7lh Inf. ; enl. July, 180:l ; discli. July 18, 180.'). Samuel liiirt, Co. C, I4I»1 Inf.; enl, Aug. 21, 1802; discli.Oct. !>, 1803, Alheit Trnax, C«, O, 141st Inf. ; enl. June 25, 1803; dinch. July 20, 180.5. John II. Sherwood, Co. 1, Hint Inf.; enl. Aug. 22, 1802; died at Waihington, I). C, Sept, 30, 18M. McLeod W. Cunningham, Co. I, Mist Inf. ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; pro. to «orgt,, Nov. 1804; disch, July, ISCi. Duel Taylor, Co. C, 30th Inf.; enl. Aug. 20, 1801; re-enl. Dec. .31, 1803; dincll. June 27, ISO.'). Thomas K. Pilloll, Co. C, 80th Inf ; cnl. Oct. 19, 1801 ; pro, to corp,, March, 1802 ; to com, Bcrgl., Oct. 0, 1804 ; di»cli. June 27, 180.1. Jan.in Stevens, Co. li, IH.'.th Inf.; enl. Sept. 3, ISO); discli. Juno in, ISC'). John I!rigg», Co. C, 80th Inf ; enl. Ang. 1801 ; di»ch. June 10, 18C.5. Leander Stevenson, Ci.. I, 80(h Ueyt.; enl. Pec. 4, 1801 ; wounded at Bull Rnn, Aug. 2, 1802; dlsch. JaTi. 11, 1805. Eliaa W. Palmer, Co. D, 23d Inf.; cnl. April 2n, 1801 ; di«ch. May 22, 1803. Henry Travor, Co. B, Ist Vet. Cav. ; cnl. June 10, 1803 ; ivouniled at New JlHrltel, May 1.5, 1804. Clarltson Heath, Co. II, lOCllh Inf.: enl. Ang. 22, 18G2; died In Louisiana, Feb. 1, 1803. Jacoh Chafer, Co. I, lOlsl Inf. ; enl. Dec. 31, 1803; dlsch. at Tallaliassee, Fla. Charles K. Crahani, f'o. C, 141«t Inf.; enl. Ang. 2, 1802; wounded at Peach-Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1804; disch. July, 1805. Orville I'erkins, Co, E, 14lBt Inf. ; enl. Aug. 20, 1802; pro. to Corp., Feb. 1805 ; rlisch. June 8, 1805. Benjamin Smitli, Co. K, 141st Inf.; enl. Ang. 21, 1802; pro. to Corp., Nov. 1, 1802 ; to Bcrgt,, Fclr. 22, 1805 ; diech. June 20, 1805. Alien S. Tillingliasl, Co. K, 141st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 18, 1802 ; dlsch. Juno 21, 1805. Williiiin K. Chiltcriing, Co. 1). 23d Inf.; enl. July 1, 1801 ; disch. May 22, 180:!. Nflsipli Luce, Co. D, 2,ld Inf, ; enl, April 24, 1801 ; discli. May 22, 1803. Wiiiiani Ili-niy Jones, sergl,, Co. I), 23d Inf ; enl. May i, 1801 ; wounded at An- lietani, Sept. 17, 1802 ; pro. to 2d lient.. Vet. Kcs. Corps, July 10, 180.3. Nelson Jones, Co. D, 23d Inf; enl. May 1, 1»01 ; re-eul. I4th II. Art., Jan. 14, 1804 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1805. Ztilmon R. Lovelevs, sergt., Co. D, 141»t Inf.; enl. Aug. 22, 1802; wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1804 ; dlsch. Juno 25, 1805. Iloyt C. Bisiiop, Co. F, 97lh Inf; enl. July IS, 1803. Sumner «. Sturtovaut, Co. F, 03d Inf; enl July 18, 1803; discli. June 20, 1805. Daniel Ileitis, Co. D. 80th Inf.; cnl. Jan. 4, 1802; uoniidrd at Chaiicellorsvillc, May 3, 1863. Hiram Francisco, Co. C, IClsl Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1802; trans, to navy, Sept. 14, 1804; discii. t;, S. .Ship I'orliwnilh, Sept. 9, 1805. George II, Davis, Co, K, 141»l Inf ; enl, Ang, IS, 1802 ; disch. Juno 18, 1866. nenjamin C, Wilson, 2d iieut,, Co, K, lU7lh Inf, ; enl, Aug, 9, 1862; res. Dec. 9, 1 802. Kdward Wlieeler, Co. K, ll)7th Inf. ; cnl. Aug. 4, 1802 ; discli. April 3(1, 1805. Daniel L. Inhoe, qm, sergt,. Hat. E; enl. Aug. 20, 1802; disch. at Richmond, Va., June 23,1806, Luzerne Todd, cap!., Co. D, 23d Inf.; onl. April 18, 1801; disch May 22, 1863 ; re-enl. In soili Inf,; must, Feh, IS04; pro. to muj., Jan.20, 1805; dlsch. at Kiniira, N. Y., July 4, 1806. George Leacii, Co. B. i07lli Inf.; cnl. July 10, 1802; wounded at Dalla.s, Ga.; disch. May 2:t, 1805. Wasliingtoii Van Dermark, wagoner, Co. B, 80th Inf.; enl, Aug. 14, 1801 ; ro- cnl. as vet., Dec. 1863; wounded June .30, 1804. Albert R. Davenport, Co. I>, 2.)d Inf.; enl. April 25, 1801 ; jiro. to corp , Aug. 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1803. William Payne, Co. O, 101st Inf; enl. Sept, 6, 1802; died at New Orleans, Nov. 2, 1803. William Nicliols, Co. G, 17th Inf; i-nl. Oct. 17, 1801 ; wounded at Alianta, Ga.; di'Cii. Oct. 1804. David Morrison, Co. B, 0th N. Y. II. Art.; enl. Jan. 4, 1804 ; disch. Ang. 1805. Frederick Auck, Co. A, 23d Inf. ; enl, Aug. 17, 1801 ; re-enl. in Co. C, 80tli Inf., Dec. .30, 1803 ; wounded at Sls)tlBylvaT,ia, May 12,1804; dlsch. June 27, 1805. Ludwig Auck, Corp., Co. C, 8OII1 Iiil. ; enl. Oct. 2, 1801 ; re-enl. Dec. 3D, 1863 ; wounded at North Anna River; di-ch. June 27, 1805. .lonathnn Riggs, O'.C. 107th Inf; cnl July 28, 1802 ; discli. nt Lincoln hospital, Wa.sliington, D. C. Adolpli Goodell, Co. C, 37th Inf. ; onl. Sept. 1, 1804; disch. July, 1R0.5. James H. Cochran, 201h Ind. Art.; enl. Sept. 5, 1S04 ; discli. June 20, 1865. Orazcne May, Co. 1>, 23d Inf.; cnl. April, 1801 ; won ruled at Bull Run ; discli. at Upton's Hill, Va. .loseph Barbour, Cu, 11,70th Inf.; enl. .Sept. 1803; trans, to 147th Inf.; wounded March 30, 1804; disch. July 14, 1805. Archie E.Baxter,(!o.E,141stInf.; cnl. Aug. 18, 1802; made 1st sergt. ; wounded at Resaca, Ga. ; pro. to 1st Iieut., Jan. 22, 1801 ; to capt.. Jan. 1, 1805 ; disch. June 9, 1S0.5. Jereniiali Ro;;au, Co, I), 1st Pa. Cav. ; enl. July 2, 1801 ; disabled on raid; disch. in hospital at Pliiiadeipliia, Pa,, June 1, 1804. Frank Veitli, Co. K, 2d Cav.; drafted July 10, 1803; disch. Oct. 7, 1805. William Fanclier, Co. A, 107tli Inf ; enl. .Ian. 1, 1804 ; trans, to OdCli Inf, May, 1805; disch. July 17, 180.5. Amasa L. Gorton, Co. F, 8OII1 Iiif. ; enl. Oct. 12. 1801 ; discli. April 10, 1862. Lewis Rascli, Co. K, 87th Pa. Inf. ; enl. Ang. 24, 1861 ; re-cul. Feb. 22, 1804 ; pro. to 1st sergt., Sept. 1664 ; to 1st iieut.. May '28, 1805 ; discli. July 5, 1805. Patrick Corcoran, Co. B, 14th U. 8. Inf. ; enl. April, 1802; killed at Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1802. James Murphy, Co. F, 9701 Inf ; drafled July 10, 1803; disch. July 18, 1S06. Lorin D. Voak, Co. E, 142d Inf.; cnl. Sept, .5, 1804; wounded at Chapin's Farm, Va., Oct, 27, 1S04; dlsch, June 28, 180.5. William Ileimili, Co. C, 85th Inf; cnl. Sept. 17, 1801 ; disch. Ajirii 20, 180i; le- enl.in (;<). I, lll'lh Inf, July '23, 1802; disch in Virginia, Oct. 12,1803; re. cnl. at Bullalo, N. Y., in Co. II, 49tii Inf., July 11,1801; discli. July 9, 1805. Milo A. Hastings, Co. II, lOIst Inf; enl. Aug. '22, 1802; discli. Oct. 16, 1805. Andrew Sullivan, Co. G, 101st Inf.; enl. Oct. 20, 1802; lost an arm in battle; disch. at Baton Rouge, La., April 18, 1804. AlbertC. Hudson, Corp., Co. B. .33d Inf.; enl. March 9,1801; ro-onl.a« coiT.,Co. I, 1st Cav., Sept. 18. 1803; wouniied at Cliarleslon, S. C, Aug. 2'2, 18M. Giilrert Noiris, Co. F, 188lh Inf.; onl. Sept. 16, 1S04 ; disch. July 9, 1606. Daniel Denning, Co 11, 20th V. S. Col. Inf. ; enl. Feb. 1, 1863 ; wounded at John's Island, July 7, 1804 ; disch. Sept. 18, 1865. Kdward McNally, Co. B, 6lh Cav.; enl. Aug. 7, 1802; dlsch. June 13, 1865. Thomas J. Decker, Co. D, '2.3d Inf.; enl. May 18, 1861; wounded at Antiotam, Sept. 17, 1802; disch. May 10, 180.'!. Warren L. Ilines, sergt,, Co, I), 141st Inf.; disch, June 2.3, 1805. Rockwell G. Johnson, Co. E, .52d 111. Inf; enl. December, 1801; dlsch. at Cor- inth, Miss,, January, 1803, Itenjamin Guildersleive, Co. E, Ulst Inf; enl. Ang. 10, If 02; disch. June 8, 1S05. Nelson Wheeler, Co. D, 107th Inf.; enl. Aug. 4, 1802; dlsch. at Elmira, N. V,, June 17, 1805, James Fairer, Co, G, lUth Inf ; enl, Ang, 8, 1862 ; disch. June 8, 180.5. George II. Smith, Corp., Co. K, 90th Inf; enl. Dec. 20. 1803; dlsch. Fob, 4, 1868. Lewis Weaver, Co. D, Mist Inf; cnl. Ang. 10, 1802; wounded at Peach-Tree Creek; discli, Jan, 27, 1805. Wiiiiani H. Clark, Co, F, lOlii Cav.; cnl. Dec. 13, 1801 ; must, as muslciau 1st llrig., '2d Cav. Div., Jan. 1, 1803; pro. to leader, April 13, 1863; dlsch. Dec. 12, 1804. John E. Hubliell, Co. E, 153d Inf. ; enl. Aug. 30, I8')2 ; wounded at (,'edar Creek, Va.; disih. at Savannah, Ga., Oct. 2, 1866. James A. Stall, Co. D, 12Ctli Inf. ; enl. Ang. 7, 1802; dlsch. for disability, Oct. 3, 1863. Casper Creamer, Co. G, lOlst Inf ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; pro. to coip. and to sergt. ; diseh. Oct. 28, 180.5. Wiili.im Morgan, Co. B, .5i'th Eng.; enl. June 13, 1804 ; disch. June 28, 186.5. John M. Heath, Co. D, 23d Inf ; enl. May 0, 1861 ; disch. June 22, 18«S. 270 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Garret Miihar, Co. F, SCIli Inf. ; enl. Oct. 15, 1861 ; wounded at second Bull Bun ; re-enl. Sepl. .1, 18G4, in Co. G, IGlsl luf. ; disi h. Nov. 20, ISCo. Edward L. liarnes, Co. D, 21st Inf.; enl. Slay 21, 1801 ; pro. tosergt. ; dLsch. Nov. 28, 18C1. Eli Perry, Co. B, 97tli Inf.; enl. .Tnly 10, 1803; disch. Aug. lo, 1865. Ebenezcr Martin, Cn. I), 23d Ihf ; cnl. May 16, 1801 ; di.-icli. May 20, 1803. Kobort Burton, Co. C, 80rli Inf. ; enl. Aug. 20, 1801 ; pro. to 2d lieut., June 20, 1862 ; wounded at second Bull Bun, Aug. 30, 1802; pro. to capt., July 3, I8G3; wounded at Wilderness, May 6, 1864; discb. for wounds, Sept. 27, 1864. Patrick Conley, Co. G, IClst Inf; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. Nov. 20, 1805. (3haiies H. Freeman, Co. D, 141st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; pro. to com. sergt., Sept. 17, 1802; to 2d lieut., July 29, 1803; to 1st lieut., April 1,1805; disch. June 25, 1806. Patrick Edward Fittz, Co. I, 141st Inf.; enl. Sept. 10, 1804; disch. June 22, 1866. Carlton II. Lovell, Co. F, 36th Inf ; enl. May 1, 1801; pro. to Corp., Nov. 1801 ; disch. June .6, 1863; re-enl. as 1st sergt., Co. 1), 14th Art, July 9, 1803; disch. Sept. 0, 1864. Oscar F. Junes, Co. C, 86th Inf ; enl. .\ug. 20, 1801 ; pro. to sergt.; disch. at An- napulis, Md., Dec. 13, 1802. Delos C. Steward, Co. G, 101st Inf ; cnl. Dec. 26, 1803 ; disch. Nov. 1866. Henry Reese, Co. G. 101st Inf ; enl. Jan. 6, 1804 ; died in hosp. at New Orleans, La., Sept. 1804. ■William v. Morrison, Co. G, 16Ist Inf; enl. Dec. 30, 1863; died .at Dry Tortugas, Fla., Nov. 1805. Silas B. Beelie, Co. F, 351h Inf.; enl. May 17, 1661 ; wounded at Antietani, Sept. 17, lS(i2; disch. June 6,1803; re-enl. Aug. 11, 1804, in Co. C, lOtb Vet. Res. Corps. Myron RoLbins, Co. G, 150th Inf; enl. May 17, 1862; disch. June 8, 1865. Le Grand G. Brandt, Co. G, 16Ist lur. ; enl. June 4, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 18, 1805. Eli Ames, Co. G, 101st Inf; enl. Dec. 22, ISOi; disch. Oct. 18, 1805. Fayette Thrall, Co. I, 107th Inf ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; d;sch. Juno 5, 1805. James McGloin, Co. C, 14th U. S. Inf; enl. March 3, 1802; wounded at battle of WiMerness, May 5, 1864; disch. March 3, 1805. William Willinnis, Co. D, 141st Inf; enl. Aug, 17, 1S62; disch. Feb. 17, 1864. John De Groat, musician, Co. 1, 107th Inf.; enl. Aug. 7, 1802; disch. July, 1803. William Kemp, sergt , Co. C, Otb Cav. ; enl, Aug. 14, 1861 ; pro. to Ist sergt. and to 2d lieut.; disch. Aug. 12, 180.5. Richard Connor, Co. D, 14th H. Ait. ; enl. July 24, 1803 : taken prisoner before Petersburg, Va. ; disch. as permanently disalded. Thomas Tuppcr, sergt., Co. F, ISSIb Inf; enl. Sept. 16, 1804; disch. July 11, 1S65. John T. Brown, Co. E, "8tb Iiif ; enl. Nov. 4, 1861 ; disch. July, 1866. Robert Cliristian, Co. B, 5tb Cav,; enl. Sept, 5, 1802 ; sixteen months in prison at Castle Thunder, Va,, where be died, July 28, 1804, John Tanner, Co, D, 141st Inf; enl, Aug, 14, 1802; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 14, 1803; pro, to sergt,, Sept. 1864; disch. June 28, 1805. Cornelius Gorton, Co, B, 6lUCav,; enl. Sept, 5, 1802; died at Richmond, Va., Nov. 30, 1804, Peter Caulkins, Co. D, 23d Inf.; enl. May 16, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1863. George S. Spencer, Co, B, 10th Cav, ; enl, Feb. 15, 1804; disch, July 19, ]805. Samuel Cleaiy. Co, E, 1.6th Eng.; cnl. Sept. 27, 1804; discb. June 15,1805. Alexander H. While, Co, D, Ulst Inf; enl, Aug. 20, 1802; disch, June 24, 1865. George P, Baker, com, -sergt. 801h Inf; died at Washington, D, C, Aug, 14 1802, Samuel II, Blackman, Co. F., 35th Inf; enl. May 7, 1861; wounded at second battle of Bull Run; discb. June 17, 1803; re-enl, in Co, F, 891h Inf,, Dec, 4, 1863; discb, Aug, 3, 1865, George Gorton, Co, IT, 14th Art,; enl, July, 1863. Henry Day May, A. A, surg , 5th U. S. Inf ; must. Feb. 19, 1862 ; disch. from regt. Aug, 8, IS02; must, in 145th Inf, Sept. 18, 1862; disch. Jan, 4, 1804; brevet Ciipt,, May 25, 1805, George Weekes, Co, I, lollh Inf ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; discb. June 17, 1805. Delos Parkbill, Co. E, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; wounded at Resaca, Ga.; disch. May 30, 1805, Bernard Cowley, artificer, Co. F, 50th Eng,; enl, Aug, 30, 1862; disch, June 15, 1805, Charles Lorin Weldon, Co, F, 35th Inf; enl. May 24, 1861; killed in battle at Sharpsburg, Md,, Sept, 17, 1862, Albert F, Beebe, Co, C, 10th Vet, Res, Coi-ps; enl. May 24, 1801 ; wounded at South Mountain; disch, March 2,1863; re-enl. in Co. C, lOlh Vet, Res. Corps, Aug. 30, 180-1 ; disch, Nov, 24, 1805, Frederick Stenbeck, corp., Co C, 107th Inf; enl. July 10,1862; wounded at Dallas, Ga,, May 2,5, 1804; disch. Aug. 12, 1S06. Francis Theodore Stenbeck, Co. C, 107th Inf ; enl. July 20, 1802; killed at Dal- las, Ga., May 25, 1804. David Quackenbush, Co,—, 10th H, Art,; enl, Jan, 4, 1802; trans, to Co. K, 1st Mounted Rifles; discb. Nov. 8, 1805, John Weekes, Co. D, Ulst Inf ; enl, Aug. 21, 1602 ; taken prisoner at Lookout Mountain; in prison ten months; disch. at Washington, D. C, Junes, "05. Henry Van Campen, Co, D, 23d Inf; enl. April 20, 1803 ; taken prisoner at Sul- phur Springs, Va, ; trans, to Co, B, 14th U, S, Inf, Dec, 15, 1802 ; disch. Oct. 22, 1864 ; re-enl. JIarcli 28, 1805, Dennis Cady, Co, F, 14th Inf: enl, Feb, 20, 1802; died at New York Sept 15 1804. ' ■ ' Nathaniel Wood, Co. D, Ulst Inf; enl. Aug. 16, 18C2; disch. March 13, 1864, James M, Morse, Co, D, 107th Inf,; enl, July 24, 1862; disch, June 5, 1804. Amos Miller, Co. B, .''■otb Cav ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. June 1.5, 1S6.S. Dennis Nash, Co. A, 188th Pcnnsjivania Inf; enl. Feb, 2.3, 1804; disch. July 22, 1865, Hiram Francisco, Co, C, 161st Inf; enl, Aug, 21,1802; trans, to U. S, Navy, Sept, 1. 1804. Byron W. Thrall, Corp., Co. C, Uth H. Art.; enl. July 20, 1803; disch. June 24, 1865. Simeon D. Thrall, sergt, Co. D, 107th Inf ; enl, July 29, 1802; disch. June S, '65. David T. Darrin, mu'^ician,Co, G, 86th Inf; enl, Jan. 12,1862; wounded at Bull Run, Aug, 30, 1802 ; disch. Feb, 4, 1803, Henry M, Breese, Co, G, 101st Inf ; enl, Jan, 12, 1804 ; died A:ig, 29, 1864, Win, Ellison, Co, G, 161st Inf ; enl. Sept 1, 1804 ; disch, Oct, 15, 1865. Andrew Thompson, Co, D, Ulst Inf; enl, .\ug, 22, 1802; wounded on picket, Dec, 1802; disch, March 8, 1863. George Crittenden, corp,, Co, C, 86th Inf; enl, Aug, 28,1801; re-enl. as vet; disch. July 4, 1805, Sheldon Odell, Co G, 5Uth Eng.; enl, Dec. 29, 1803; disch. June 13, 1865. William Henry Smith, Co, C, 161st luf ; enl, Jan, 4. 1804 ; wounded at Sabine Cioss-Roads, April 18, 1864; disch, Dec, 11, 1805, William V, Morrison, Corp., Co, G, 161st Inf; enl, Dec, 27, 1803; died at Dry Tortugas, Fla,, Oct, 18, 1805, John Lewis, Co, I, 16Ist Inf; enl, Dec, 25, 1863 ; died at Fitzpatrick hospital, June 18, 1804, Lioni 1 T. De Carr, Co. D, 141st Inf ; enl, Aug. 21, 1802; killed in battle at Ma- rietta, Ga., June 22, 1864. Charles W, Edger, 13th H, Art ; enl. June, 1864 ; died in hospital, Sept. 10, '64. Reuben G. Stevens, Co. B, Uth U. S. Inf ; enl. March 5, 1802; wounded at Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862; wounded at Laurel Hill, Va., May 12, 1864; disch. April 5, 1805. Milo Gorton, Co, E, 141st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 21,1802; killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1804, Peter B, Plienas, Co. F, 14th U, S, Inf ; enl, April 15, 1862 ; wounded at Bull Run. .\ug. 30, 1.'62 ; disch. April 25, 1805, Michael Harris, sergt,, Co, C, 161st Inf ; enl, Aug, 22, 1862 ; disch, Oct. 25, '65. Richard Jacobs, Co. I, 107th Inf; enl. Aug, 8, 1862; disch, June 9, 1806, Adam Tomer, Corp., Co. G, 107tb luf ; enl. Aug, 5, 1802; killed at the battle of Dallas, Ga, George Wescott, Co. I, 107th Int; enl, Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. June 9, 1865. Oi ley R, Gorton, Co, F, 60tb Eng, ; enl, Aug, 30, 1862 ; disch, June 17, 1S05, Dewitt Gorton, Co, I, 161st Inf. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1804 ; wounded at Hatcher's Run ; discb, Feb, 0, 1865, Daniel Lindsay, Co, I, 101st Inf; enl, Jan. 4, 1804; injured at White Plains Landing, and died at home. William Lindsay, Co. I, 161st Inf; enl, Jan. 4, 1804; killed at Sabine Crosa- Roads, April 8, 1864, James Lindsay, Co, I, 188tb Inf; enl. Sept 19, 1804; discli, June 28, 1805, Jerome Gorton, Co, D, 23d Inf; enl. Oct. 14, 1801 ; missing, supposed killed at Antiotam, and buried on the tield. John Baxter, sergt, Co, C',86th Inf; enl. Aug, 26, 1801 ; killed at Mine Run, Va. Edward S, Borst, corp,, Co. B, 5th Cav.; enl. Aug. 12, 1802; taken pris. Oct 17, 1803; died in Andersonville prison, Aug, 17, 1804. Wni. I, Wilson, Co, D, Ulst Inf; enl, Aug. 19, 1802; died at Corning, N. Y. .\lfred Allen, Co, D, Ulst Inf,; enl, Jan, 5. 1804; discb, June 27, 1805. Giles B. Beebe, Co, F, 35tli Inf; enl, Juno 11, 1861 ; discb, June 6, 1803; re-enl. in Co, C, loth Vet, Res, Corps, Aug, 11, 1804; discb, Nov. 2, 1805, Arthur L, Eaton, Co, I, lOlst Inf ; enl, Dec. 1883; trans, to Co, B, 111th luf, Oct. 1805; disch. Nov. 19, 186.5, at Tallalia.ssee, Fla. Frederick R. Burlising,Co. D, 23d Inf ; eul. April 20, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 28, 1802; re-enl. in Co. D, 5tb Art., Dec. 4, 1803 ; disch. July 19, 1805. Arthur A. Brown, Co. D, 23d Inf ; enl. Sept, 27, 1801 ; wounded at South Moun- tain, Sept 14, 1802; disch, Dec, 0, 1802. Jacob H. Brown, Co. D, 23d Inf ; enl. April 20, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1863. Samuel Jacobs, corp,, Co, G, 1st Lincoln Cav. ; enl. Feb. 2, 1864 ; disch. June 27, 1805, John C, Gorton, corp,, Co, D, 23d Inf ; enl. Oct 14, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1803. Augustus Dotboff, Co, E, Uth H. Art, ; enl, Jan. 5, 1864; taken pris. at Fort Steadinan ; p.iroled from Libby prison, March 25,1805; disch. June 28, 1865, at Elmira, N, Y. Augustus W. CauBeld, Co. D, 80th Inf; enl. Aug. 14, 1802; died in Libby prison, at Richmond, Va, Abraham W, McCord, Co, G. 161st Inf ; enl. Sept, 1, 1864; disch, Oct. 16, 1865, Charles W, Denning, Co, K, 25th U, S, Inf; enl. March 22, 1865; disch, at Mulligan's IJend, S, C. Daniel Denning, Co, B, 26th U. S. Inf; enl. Feb, 1, 1864; wounded at John's Island, S, C; discb, Aug, 28, 1805. John R, Updike, Co, B, 5th Cav, ; enl, Aug, 11, 1862; wounded at Hanover C. II,, Va,, June 30, 1803 ; disch, June, 1805, Charles C, Morris, Co. B, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl, Jan, 19, 1804; disch, at City Point, Va,, Nov, 29, 1865, William I, Daily, Co, — , Ulh H. Art,; enl. Jan, 5, 1804; trans, to U, S, Navy and lost at Fort Fisher, Henry Clark, Co, D, Ulst Inf ; enl, Jan. 2, 1804 ; wounded at PeacbTree Creek ; trans, to Co. A, 6th Invalid Corps; disch. July, 1865. Charles Davenport, Co. D, 6th Cav. ; enl, Aug 13, 1802 ; killed on Wilson's raid, June, 1863, Myron Davenport, Co. B, 60th Eng. ; enl. March 22, 1806 ; disch. July 10, 1866. TOWN OF CORNING. 271 Reuben H. Grant, Co. D, IGIst Inf.; enl. Jan. i, 1864; killed at Pleasant Hill, La., April 8,1864. Tiniolliy Hunt, Corp.; Co. D, 14Ist Inf.; enl. Aug. 23, 1862; promoted April 1, 1804: ilisch. June 20, 1SC5. Andrew Lewis, Corp., Co. D, 14Ist Inf.; enl. Aug. 18, 18G2; disch. at Elniira, N, y. David Van Elter, Co. D, 23d Inf.; enl. May, 18G1 ; re-enl. in Co. K, 2l8t Cat., Sept. 1803 ; died near Utica, N. Y., on the return home. Andrew Kerr, Co. K, 21st Cav. ; enl. July 28, 1802. Chester E. Kenyon, Co. K, lUStli Inf.; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; wounded at Chancel- lorsville. May 2, 1803. John Shaw, Co. F, lS8th Inf ; enl. Sept. 26, 1864. William Doolittle, Co. D, 141st Inf ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Joseph E. Barber, 188th Inf; enl. S.-pt. 20, 1804; disch. June, 1865. John Rire, Co. D, 23d lof ; enl. M.iy 22, 1801 ; disch. May 22, 1803 ; re-eul., Co. I, 107th Inf. Feb. 5, 1S04; diseh. Aug. 12, 1865. Thomas Dillon, Corp., Co. G, 101st Inf. ; enl. Sept. .1, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 25, 1805. John Murray, Co. G, 9th U. Art. ; enl. Dec. 28, 1803 ; disch. Oct. 10, 1865. Michael Acbison, Co. — , 14th H. Art.; enl. Jan. 5, 1804; wounded at Old Church, May 30, 1864. William McMahan, Co. C, 80th Inf. ; enl. Sept. 8, 1861 ; killed at battle of Wil- derness, May 12, 1861. Wm. Briggs, 8Gth Inf; enl. Sept. 8, 1801 ; died at Corning, N.Y., March, 1804. Daniel F. Brown, 1st licut. and qr..nir., 86tb Inf; enl. Aug. 10, 1862; disch. May 20, 1805. Jacob H. Landing, capt., Co. C, SOth Inf ; must. Aug. 26, 1801 ; pro. to major May 3, 1803 ; lo lietit.-col., June 12, 1863 ; wounded May 24, 1864, in en- gagenient on North Anna Uiver; to col., June 25, 1864 ; discli. Nov. 13, 18ii4, at expiration of term of service. Henry C. Oliver, Co. C, 8Gth Inf ; enl. Sept. 24, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 22, 1864. Allen N. Sill, capt., Co. K, lOTtli Inf ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- lorsville, May 3,1803; pro. to major, July 8, 1864; to lieut.-col., Sept. 27, 18G4 ; must, out with his regiment, June 19, 1805, at Elmira, N. Y. Charles E. Clnte, Co. D, 23d Inf; enl. May 16, 1801 ; disch. May, 1863; re-enl. In Co F, 194th Inf, July 2, 1804 ; disch. Sept. 1804; re-enl. in Co. D, 7th Pa. Cav., Sept. 9, 1864 ; disdi. June, 1805. Frederick Damn, Co. F,97tli Inf ; enl. July 6,1863; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Feb. 0, 1804; disch. Aug. 0, 180.5. George N. Cluto, Co. K, 2)d Inf ; enl. May 15, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1863. Alfred Brown, 451h V. S. Inf : enl. July 29, 1SG4 ; disch. Nov. 4, 1865. Thomas 0. Allen, Co. D, 8GIh Inf ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corjis, June 1,1863; disch. Oct. 8, 1804. Samuel I. Moore, Co. C, 14Ist Inf; enl. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. June ID, 1S05. Darius M. Davis, Co. D, 141st Inf.; enl. Jan. 5, 1861; disch. June 11, 1805. James Clark, Co. D, 141st Inf ; enl. .iug. 27, 180i ; disch. July, 1865. Elijah C. Row ley, Co. D, 107lh Inf. ; enl. Aug. 4, 1802 ; pro. to Corp., Dec. 1802 ; wounded at Cliancellorsville. George Seymour, Co. B, 207th Pa. Inf ; enl. Jan. 8, 1865 ; wounded at Fort Has- kell ; disch. March 23, 1865. Albert Coe, Co. D, 141st Inf ; enl. Dec. 3(J, 1863 ; wounded at Resaca, Ga. ; disch. Juno 22, 1805. Elijah Crowfoot, Co. 1, 33d Inf ; enl. July 10, 1801 ; died in hospital at New Yolk City, Aug. 15, 1862. John Thompson, Co A, 10th Cav. ; enl. Feb. 0, 1804; injured before Petersburg; discli. JuTie 2, 1805. William Tolteii, Co. C, 8Glh Inf ; enl. Aug. 26, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 30, 1863. Buell Taylor, Co. C, SOth Inf; enl. Dec. 31, 1863; disch. June 27, 1865. John Wallace, Co. G, 101st Inf; enl. Aug. 25,1862; discli. at Panoncas, Fla., Jan. 14, 1805. Thomas R. Tillott, Corp., Co. C, 80th Inf ; enl. Oct. 29, 1861 ; re-enl. as vet., Dec. 31, 1803 ; pro. to com.-sergt., Oct. 0. 1801; disch. Juno 27, 1865. John Briggs, Co. C, 86th Inf; enl. Aug. 1861 ; re-enl. as vet., Dec. 31,1863; died at Corning, Feb. 28, 1865. William Henry Jones, Co. D, 23d Inf ; enl. May 1, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Antietam ; disch. May 22, 1803 ; re-enl. as 2d liint., vet., July 10, 1808. Nelson Jones, Co. D, 23d Inf.; enl. May 1, ISOl ; disch. May 22, 1863; re-enl. Co. — , 14th H. Art., Jan. 4, 1804 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1806. George Leach, Co. B, 107th Inf; enl. July 10, 1802; wounded twice in battle of Dallas, Ga. ; disch. May 23, 1805. Washington Van Dermark, wagoner, Co. B, 80th Inf ; enl. Aug. 14, ISOl ; re-enl. Dec. 31,1863; wounded Jan. 30, 1804 ; disch. in hospital, June 4, 1805. William Slagel, Co. G, 161st Inf; enl. Aug. 27, 1862 ; taken pris. at Donaldson- ville. La., Sept. 1803 ; disch. at Elmira, N. Y. Joseph Barbour, Co. B, 70th Inf ; enl. Sept. 1863 ; trans, to 147th Inf ; wounded at Hatcher's Run, March 30, 1804 ; disch. July 14, 1805. Albert H. Henderson, Co. B, 23d Inf ; enl. May 9, 1861 ; disch. May, 1863 ; re- enl. Corp., Co. I, Ist Cav., Sept. 8, 1863 ; wounded at Charleston, S. C, Aug. 22, 1804. Charles F. Davis, leader of band, 8Gth Inf ; enl. Oct. 1, 1801 ; disch. Feb. 9, 1863. Garrett Mahar, Co. F, 8Gth Inf; enl. Oct. 15,1861; wounded at second Bull Run; discharged; re-enl. in Co. C, 16l6t Inf , Sept. 5, 1804; pro. to corp. Nov. 1801 ; disch. June 5, 1863. Carlton H. Lovcll, Co. F, 35tli Inf; enl. May 1,1861; pro. to Corp., Nov. 1861 ;. disch. June 6, 1803; rc-enl. as Ist sergt., Co. D, 14th U. Art.; disch. Sept. 6, 1864. John Tanner, Corp., Co. D, 141st Inf; enl. Aug. 14, 18G2 ; trans, to Co. G, Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 14, 1803; pro. to sergt., Sept. 1804; disch. June 28, 1865. George Erway, Co. H, G4lh Inf; enl. Aug. 10, 1864; disch. May 30, 1865. Walter C. Noble, Co. H, 3d Ohio Inf; enl. April 15, 1861 ; re-enl. Co. ll,:!d Ohio Inf. June 13, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., Oct. 1, 1802 ; re-enl. Co. G,52d N. Y. ; pro. to corp , Nov. 1864 ; pro. to color-sergt., 5Iarch,18C5: disch. June 20, 1865. John Reagan, Co. G, 101st Inf; enl. Aug. 27, 1802; died at Baton Rouge, La., July 17, 1801. Villours D. Star, Co. G, IClst Inf ; enl. Aug. 25, 1SG2; wounded and disch. at Baton Rouge, La. George W, McKinney, Co. G, 161st Inf: enl. Sept. :), 1862; disch. June, 1865. Austin Omiia, Co. G, 161st Inf; enl. Sept. 1, 1862; wounded at Donaldsonville, La., July 13, 1863 ; disch. June, 1805. Thomas Riley, Co. G, 101st Inf; enl. Sept. 29,1802; taken pris. at Sabine Cross- Road.s, La., April 8, 1864; exch. Oct. 1804; disch. at Elmira, N. Y., Nov. 1865. Michael Harrington, Co. G, 161st Inf ; enl. Aug. 23, 1862; pro. to Corp. ; disch. Nov. 1805. Thomas Muipliy, Co. G, 101st Inf; enl. Aug. 21, 1862; lost by collision of stealiilio.at on Mississippi River, Jan. 9, 1805. Henry Marshall, Co. G, 161st Inf; enl. Sept. 26, 1862; disch. Nov. 1865. Michael McGiven, Co. G, 161st Inf ; enl. Aug. 2'2, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 1805. Albert M. Harris, Co. G, 161st Inf; enl. Sept. 4, 1802; disch. with the regiment. Lewis H. Goodsell, Co. G, lOIst Inf ; enl. Sept. 2, 1802 ; disch. at Elmira, N. Y., 1865. John Hill, Co. G, lOlst Inf ; enl. Sept. 5, 1862 ; disch. at Dry Tortugas, Fla. Jtidson C. Beeman, Co. G, 16lst Inf. ; enl. Sept. 5, 1802 ; disch. at Baton Rouge, La. Terrence Collaghan, Co. G, 101st Inf.; enl. Aug. 25, 1802; disch. at Elmira, N. Y., 1805. Stephen Gill, Co. G, 101st Inf: enl. Sept. 13, 1803; died at Baton Bongo, La., July 24, 1803. Patrick Donovan, Co. G, 101st Inf; enl. Sept. 3, 1802; disch. at Elmira, N. Y., 1805. Edwin Harrison, 'iOth In J. Bat.; enl. June 0, 1803; disch. Aug. 4, 1805, at N.Y. City Bat. Barracks. George L. Barker, Co. G, lOlst Inf; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; taken pris. at Sabine Ci OSS-Roads, April 8, 1864; exch. Sept. 1864; disch. at Elmira, N. Y., 1865. Christopher Burns, Co. G, 101st Inf ; enl. Aug. '22, 1802; disch. at Fort Jefferson, Fla. Jacob Betzel, Co. G, 161st Inf ; enl. Aug. 27, 1802 ; disch. at Elmira, N. Y. William Henry Snyder, Co. C, SOth Inf JohnGilbeitGillan,Bal. B, 1st L. Art.; enl. Dec. 18, 1863; disch. at Elmira, June 21, 1865. Timothy M. Gillan, Co. F, 23d Inf ; enl. April, 1801 ; pro. to Corp., Aug. 1861 ; wounded at battle of Antietam ; died at home. May 24, 18G3. William F. Gillan, corp , Bat. B, 1st L. Art. ; enl. Nov. 1861 ; re-enl. as vet., Dec. 28, 1803, at Brandy Station, Va. ; disch. June 18, 1806. Henry Morse, Co. C, 194tli Inf ; enl. March 28, 1865 ; disch. May 3, 1805. John J. Fowler, Co. D, 144th Inf; enl. Aug. 21, 1802; taken pris. at Goose Creek, Va., Aug. 21, 1803; disch. at Washington, D. C, June 8, 18C5. Abram L. Fowler, Co. D, 141st Inf; enl. Ang. 16, 1802 ; disch. June 8, 1865. William W. Hayt, adjt., *23d Inf; enl. Apr. 18G1 ; oisch. with regt. at exp. of term of service ; re-enl. as col. of 189th Inf. ; died at City Point, Va., Nov. 3, 1864. Charles P. Snick, Co. D, 2;id Inf ; enl. at Upton Hill, Va., Feb. 13, 1802 ; disch. May 21, 1863; re-ont. Co. H, 188th Inf, Sept. 23, 1S64; disch. July 8, 1805. John Henry Moloney, Co. F, 189tb Inf; enl. Sept. 23,1864; disch. May 30, 1865. George E. Denning, Co. G, 161st Inf; enl. Jan. 2, 18G4. ■ Frederick K. Lewis, Co. G, IClst Inf; enl. Sept. 5, 1862. John M. Brown, sergt., Co. I, 107tli Inf ; enl. July 24, 1862; wounded at An- tietam, Sept. 17, 1802; disch. at Calvert Hospital, Va., April 4, 1863. John T. Bates, Co. V, 101st Inf ; enl. Sept. 4, 1862 ; disch. at Baton Kouge, La., March '27, 1803. Edward P. Graves, 1st lient.and a. q.-mast., 107th N. Y.lnf ; enl. July 18, 1802; pro. to capt, and a. q.-mast. of 1st Div. 20tli Army Corps, Apr. 7, 1804; bievetted major after the close of the war; chief quartermaster of the district of Montgomery, Ala. Israel Van Campen, sergt.. Co. B, 14th U. S. Inf; enl. Mar. G, 1802; disch. at Fort Trumbull, Conn., Mar. 4, 1805. Geui ge R. Mott, Corp., Co. F, 14th U. S. Inf ; date of enl. unknown ; killed at battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1803. Harlan Van Etten, Co. D, 107th Inf; enl. Aug. 11,1862; disch. July, 18G5. Peter McNeil, Co. D, 23d Inf; enl. April, 1801; disch. May, 1803. William Mott, Co. D, 23d Inf ; enl. May 6, 1801 ; disch. June 21, 1803 ; re-enl. as sergt., Co. F, 188tli Inf; pro. to 1st sergt. Oct. 10, 1864; disch. July 10, 1805. Elijah F. Mott, sergt., Co. F, 188th Inf; enl. Sept. 14, 1864; pro, to 2d lieut. Oct. 10, 1864; disch. Jan. 27, 1865. Albert Nixon, Co. D, 14th U. Art. ; enl. June l.'i, 1863 ; disch. April 30, 1865. George Johnson, Co. D, 23d Inf; enl. April 23, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 180:!. Alexander I. Jones, Co. D, 'iSd Inf; enl. April 24,1801; died at Fall Church, Va., Dec. 15, 1861. Ilarlow Ames, Co. D, iM Inf ; enl. April 20, 1801 ; died at Belle Plain, Va., March '24, 1803. David B. Salmon, Co. D, 23d Inf ; enl. April '20, 1801 ; disch. May 22, 1803. 272 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. William I. Palmer, Co. D, 23d Inf.; enl. Oct. 28, 1861; dIsnWeil l.y accident, Oct. 29, 1801 ; disch. April, 1S02. Dewitt C. Juhn.TOn, Cu. D, 2!d Inf.; enl. Oct. IS, 1801 ; discb. May 22, 1863. Lewis A. Dnnind, Cu. D, 23d Inf.; enl. Oct. 18, 1801 ; disch. May 22, 18G3. Charles S. Van Hon.scn, Co. E, 142d Inf.; enl. Sept. 7, 1864; wounded at Fort Fisher, Jan. 15. 1863; diach. Sept. 4, 186.5. Silas B. Decker, Co. G, 13lli 11. Art. ; enl. Feb. 6, 1803 ; trans, to Bat. M, Cth H. Art., Jan. 20, 1804; disch. Aug. 24, 1865. Frederick Oriisper, Co. P, 14th U. S. Inf.; enl. March 15, 1802; wounded at Snicker's Gap, V«., Nov. 3, 1802. Stephen D. Gorton, Co. E, Hl-st Inf.; enl. Aug. 15, 1802; killed at Resaca, Ga. Charles H. C.nnfoit, Co. C, 86th Inf.; enl. Feb. 18, 1804 ; killed at battle of Wil- derness. Daniel Oliphant (sub.), Co. I, 97th Inf. ; must. Aug. 3(1, 1803 ; died at Washing- ton, D. C, April, 1864. Isaac H. Palmer, Co. E, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 22, 1802; disch. Aug. 16, 1866. William 11. Huyck, Co. D, 141st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 22, 1802 ; disch. June 26, 1805. Pulaski DeKalb Westcolt, musician, Co. D, 141st lof. ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862; disch. June 24, 1865. Lewis A. Durand, Co. D, 23d Inf.; enl. Oct. 18, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1863. Hiram C. Tnrrell, Co. D, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862; pro. to sergt,, Sept. 10, 1802; di»ch. June 13, 1805. Cassius M. Tnrrell, Co. D, 141st Inf.; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, July, 1864; ilisch. July 3, 1865. Henry C. Bonhani, Co. E, Ulst Inf.; enl. Sept. 16, 1864; disch. June 24, 1865. Thomas Brown, Co. A, Hth H. Art.; enl. July 30, 1863; disch. July 10, 1865. Byron A. Barton, Co. K, 2d U.S. Cav. ; twice wounded at Flint Hill, Va., on reconnaissance; honorably mentioned by Gen. McClellan ; disch. July 14, 1804; re-enl. Co. K, 2d U.S. Cav., July 1.5, 1804; taken prisoner on Stone- man's raid to Richmond, Va. ; detailed at headquarters of Gen. U. S. Graut, at Washington, D. C. ; disch. at end of war. Jacob Hollenbecli, Co. F, 80th Inf. ; enl. Oct. 28, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 29, 1804. Salem Loucks, Corp, Co. L, 2d U. S. Cav.; disch. at Savaye Station, Texas, Feb. 12, 18li6. John H. Collier, Co. D, 23d Inf.; enl. Sept. 23, 1801. Henry F. I'eet, Co. — , 6th Pa. Inf.; enl. May 10, 1861; disch. May 11, 1802. Asa A. earner, Co. D, 23d Inf. ; enl. Jlay 10, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1863 ; re-enl. Co. — , 86tb Inf., Feb. 10, 1804 ; disch. July 4, 1865. Charles E. McCarty, drummer, Co. F, IStli Inf.; enl. May 14, 18G1 ; disch. May 14, 1803. George M. Clark, Co. 1, 20th Conn. Inf. ; enl. Aug. 12,1862 ; disch. June 26, '05. John Taylor, Co. M, 13th II. Art.; e?il. Sept. 1803 ; disch. July 11, 1805. John Emperor, Co. G, 161st Inf.; enl. Aug. 28, 1802; disch. Sept. 20, 1805. Reuben F. llann, Co. B, Sth U. S. Inf. ; enl. July 17, 1863 ; pro. to sergt., Oct. 1863 ; to 1st sergt., July, 1805 ; disch. Nov. 10, 1865. Samuel Starks, Co. G, 161st Inf.; enl. Sept. 3,1862; disch. June 14, 1805. Charles A. Palmer, Co. K, 132d Pa. Inf.; enl. July 26, 1802 ; wounded at Autie- taui, Sept. 17, 1802 ; disch. from wounds, Nov. 14, 1802. James .Miller, drum-major, 85th Inf. ; enl. Aug. 6, 1861 ; discli. at Washington, 1). C , April, 1802. Horace K. Runisey, capt., Co. B, 130th Pa. Inf.; oul. Aug. 0, 1802; disch. for disability, Feb. 28, 1803. Benjamin A. Cooper, Co. F, 50th Eng. ; enl. Aug. 28, 1804 ; disch. June 28, 1805. Edward Smith, Co. M, Begt. ; enl. July 17, 1863 ; disch. at Elmira, N. V., at ciuse of war. Richard Houks, Co. G, 161st Inf.; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. Oct. 28, 1865. Samuel II. Mott, Co. I, 107th Inf. ; enl. July 24, 1802; disch. July 17, 1805. Ale.vander Mutt, sergt., Co. C, 171st Inf.; enl. Oct. 25, 1862 ; di-sch. at Harris- burg, Pa. Michael O'Neil, Co. D, 07th Ohio Inf. ; enl. Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 31, 1864; re-enl. Co. D, 67tli Ohio Inf.. Feb. I, 1864 ; disch. June 18, 1805. John Gibbons, Co. D, 14l5t Inf; enl. Sept. 19, 1804; disch. June 18, 1863. Jefferson Burris, Co. F, 188th Inf.; enl. Sept. 1804; disch. July 1-2, 1805. Robert J. Buriiliam, Co. B, 71st Inf. (militia) ; enl. April 20, 1801; must, out at New York Cily, July 3i), 1801 ; re-enl. Ist liout. Co. E, 161st Inf.; disch. at Baton Kouge, La., Aug. 29, 1803. Hiram Fiancisco, seaman; trans, front IClst Inf., Sept. 14, 1864; disch. at Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 9, 1865. Lemuel Jacobs, sailor, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. William I. Daily, marine; trans, from 14th H. Art. ; lostat the storming of Fort Fisher. Delos C. Sherwood, Ist sergt., Co. D, 23d Inf.; enl. Jlay, 1801 ; discli. May 22, 1863; re-enl. private Co. G, 101st Inf., Dec. 25, 1803; pro. to 1st sergt. ; disch. Nov. 1865. William U. Lucas, Bat. L, 14th R. I. Art., and Bat. L, 11th U. S. Col. H. Art. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. JOHN N. IIUNGERFORD. The subject of this sketch is of English origin, of the seventh genenttion. His greut-grandfather, on his father's side, was Benjamin Hungerford, son of Thomas Hunger- ford, of Haddam, Conn., who was born in the year 1703 and died in 1792. His grandfather on the same side was Capt. Jacob Hungerford, of Bristol, Conn., who was born July 16, 1748, and died June 23, 1S12. The wife of Capt. Hungerford was Mary Newell, who was born- Nov. HO, 1749, and died Jan. 30, 180G. She was a daughter of Rev. Samuel Newell, who was a native of Southington, and was graduated at Yale College in the year 1739. He mar- ried Mary, widow of Timothy Root, of Farmington, whose maiden name was Mary Hart. Rev. Samuel Newell was for forty-two years pastor of the Congregational Church at Bristol, Conn. The father of the subject of this sketch was Lot Hun- gerford, who was born Dec. 8, 1777, and died Jan. 9, 1827. His great-grandfather on his mother's side was Stephen Smith, of Goshen, Litchfield Co., Conn., who was born in the year 1710, and died in 1793. His grandfather was Henian Smith, who was born in 1753, and died in Vernon, N. Y., in September, 1837. Between the years 1795 and 1800 he was three times a representative in the General Assembly of the State of Connecticut. His wife, Hannah Benhani, was born June 15, 1754, and died in 1802. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Celinda Smith, who was born in 1783 and died in the year 1868. John N. Hungerford was born in the town of Vernon, Oneida Co., N. Y., on the 31st of December, 1825. His parents removed from Connecticut to Vernon in the year 1801, performing the journey to Albany on horseback, and from Albany to Vernon with ox-team. John N. was the youngest of nine children. His father. Lot Hungerford, a farmer by occupation, reared his family to habits of industry and frugality, and died, as above stated, in the year 1827, leaving a good and honored name. John N. was reared on the farm, and attended the common schools of his district until he was twelve years of age, when he removed to Westfleld, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., to reside with his eldest brother, Hon. S. H. Hungerford, who was engaged in the mercantile business at that time. In 1838 he entered Westfield Academy, where he prepared himself for college. In the fall of 1843 he entered the sophomore class in Ham- ilton College, where he was graduated in the summer of 1846. During his residence at Westfield he was clerk for his brother, and there learned the mercantile business. From the year 1846 to 1848 he was engaged in the mer- cantile business at Oriskany Falls, N. Y., with his brother- in-law, Geo. W. Couch. For a short time following he was in the Bank of Whitestown, at Whitestown, N. Y. In May, 1848, he became cashier of the Bank of Westfield, which was established by his brother, Hon. S. H. Hunger- ford, who was president of the same. In July, 1854, he settled in Corning, Steuben Co., N. Y., and in August fol- lowing established the George Washington Bank, in com- pany with Geo. W. Patterson, Jr., son of Hon. Geo. W. Patterson, of Westfield, N. Y. Mr. Hungerford was pres- ident and Mr. Patterson cashier. In December, 1858, Mr. Hungerford sold his entire interest to his partner, George W. Patterson, Jr., and subsequently had no further connec- tion with that bank. In the spring of 1859 he established his present bank, known as J. N. Hungerford's Bauk. In his political convictions lie was a Whig, until the or- '^''""4 Sy Sam^l St"!^ TOWN OF CORNING. 273 ganizatioQ of the Republican party, since which time he has been a pronounced Republican. He has been prom- inently identified with the best interests of his town and county, and often has been chosen as a delegate to represent his constituents in district, county, and State conventions. He has held various official positions in Corning, and for four years was chairman of the Republican committee of Steuben County. He was a delegate to the National Re- publican convention at Philadelphia, in 1872, which nom- inated General Grant for President, and Hon. Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts, for Vice-President. He took a very ac- tive part in that campaign. In 1876 he was elected to the Forty-fifth Congress, to represent the Twenty-ninth District of New York, com- prising the counties of Allegany, Chemung, and Steuben, receiving 21,087 votes, against 17,973 votes for E. D. Loveridge, Democrat. In Congress he served on the Com- mittee on Education and Labor. In June, 1859, he was married, at the residence of the late Duncan S. Magee, in Corning, to Miss Mary W., daughter of the late Dr. Ten Eyck Gansevoort, of Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y., and formerly of Albany, N. Y. His wife died in the month of October, 1871. Mr. Hungerford is an active member of the Presbyterian Church at Corning, and has been a tiustee of the same for more than twenty years. He has also been for several years a trustee of Hamilton College, and of Elmira Female College. Mr. Hungerford is a man of deep and earnest convic- tions, which lead him to be firm in upholding what he be- lieves to be right, — a man of integrity and uprightness in all his relations and dealings in life, charitable in his opinions of others, as well as in his deeds, and of a social nature that attaches to him many warm friends. HON. CHARLES C. B. WALKER was born at Drewsville, a small village in Cheshire Co., N. H., in 1824. The battle of life commenced early, and he had but limited opportunities for acquiring an education. When barely six years of age, his father, through business embarrassments, was placed within jail limits, under the old law of imprisonment for debt, at Keene, N. H. He was a soldier of the war of 1812, and died at the age of forty- seven, in 1842. His mother, whose maiden name was Harriet Blake, resides with her son iu Corning, and now in her eighty-third year, is just beginning to receive the widow's pension. Thus early in life the future merchant commenced a career remarkable for its industry, perseverance, and suc- cess. His opportunities were few, his means meagre, but nothing that helped him to turn an honest penny was de- spised. Before he reached the age of seventeen he accu- mulated the snug sum of $800, which he loaned to his father. This little capital was not only the foundation of his future prosperity, but enabled his parent to lease the Eagle Hotel at Charleston, and afterward the Cheshire House, at Keene, N. H. The elder Walker was famous as a landlord throughout New England in hjs day, and was 35 the original recipient of the now common title " The Prince of Landlords." In his .seventeenth year, young Walker entered the hardware-store of W. H. Bowman, at Palmyra, N. Y., with a frugal salary ; but mindful of the early les- sons, and in deference to the wishes of his mother, who was afraid of the hotel influence, he remained seven years with Mr. Bowman, rapidly acquiring a thorough knowledge of the business, but his aspirations craving a wider field, he set out for Albany in 1848 with undefined plans, yet strong in determination to engage in the trade for himself. He boldly presented himself to the late Hon. Erastus Corning, and asked for credit, stating his desire to engage in business for himself, adding that he had saved $1500 (part of which he had earned while a lad and loaned to his father). Mr. Corning suggested that $1500 was a small sum to commence hardware business on. Walker replied if Mr. Corning did not give him credit, somebody must. This spirited answer of the young man favorably impressed the mind of that able and successful financier, and he im- mediately gave orders to his confidential clerk to give Mr. Walker all the credit he wanted. Thenceforth the most cordial relations subsisted between him and Mr. Corning, and young Walker was treated more like a son than other- wise, retaining the confidence of that gentleman ever after- wards. Soon after the above incidents, Mr. Walker, in 1848, commenced business in the village of Corning, with the firm-name of Cumpston & Walker, establishing the largest hardware business in the Chemung Valley, and placed it upon an enduring basis. In addition to this he engaged extensively in the lumber trade, which he carried on with characteristic industry. His business enterprises have been among the most intri- cate, as well as of the most varied character. Canals, rail- roads, and public buildings also engaged his attention, and the many contracts he has taken have always been per- formed to the fullest satisfaction of the authorities ; nor has he in a single instance ever failed to complete his work, — a distinction enjoyed by but few public contractors. His business operations have given employment to a large num- ber of men. In the fire of 1850, with nearly all of the business buildings of Corning, his was destroyed, and during the same year he built the store that he occupies at the present time. In 1851 he took in a partner, Horace Turner, who purchased Mr. Cumpston's interest. The new firm continued until 1857, when Mr. Walker became the sole owner of the business, which he carried on until 18G2, and associated with him in business Austin Lathrop, Jr., who is now a member of the firm. In the spring of 1856 he was appointed by President Pierce postmaster of Corning — he was entirely ignorant of the fact that a change was meditated until he received the appointment — and re-appointed by President Buchanan, in May, 1860. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention of the latter year, and warmly supported Ste- phen A. Douglas for the Presidency. During the interim betweeu the adjournment at Charleston ^nd the reassem- bling at Baltimore, an agent of the administration told Mr. Walker " he saw the President yesterday ; that the Presi- dent was not at all satisfied with his course at Charleston ; 274 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. that unless lie acted differently at Baltimore, he knew the consequences.' Mr. Walker responded that he " satisfied his constitu- ents, if not the President, and to them alone held himself responsible." He went to Baltimore and stood by his friends and by the Democratic organization. He was almost immediately re- moved. The Democratic party of the then Twenty-seventh Con- gressional District (Steuben and Livingston Counties) nomi- nated him their candidate for Congress in that campaign. The district being overwhelmingly Republican, there was no chance for his election ; yet he ran far ahead of his ticket, notwithstanding the opposition of the administration, who sought to punish him for his course at Charleston and Baltimore. It is a significant fact that, although a postmaster, he was then arrayed against the Federal oiBce-holders. He stood boldly for the rights of the people, and denounced the arro- gance of the administration which sought to enforce ob- noxious measures and defeat the will of the people through corrupt means. The following extract from an address to his constituents, shortly after the nomination of Stephen A. Douglas, will better explain the principles he advocated : " There is a principle pervading the entire Union that the people ought to be and are the depository of power, and that they are vested with the right, subject only to the Constitution, to determine for themselves and to provide by legislation, without foreign interference, what they may need or want." He was also a delegate to the National Democratic Con- vention of 1872, and was active in support of the principles of the Cincinnati platform, and the nomination of Horace Greeley, of whose talents and integrity he was an ardent admirer. In April, 1861, at the breaking out of the Rebellion, Gov. Morgan appointed him assistant quartermaster-gen- eral, with rank as colonel, and he was detailed to the ren- dezvous at Elmira. In two weeks he provided quarters for fifteen thousand soldiers. His energy and efiiciency in this work called forth special commendation from the Governor and high praise from the United States oiScers. His stay at Charleston during the convention of the previous year had given him an opportunity of judging of the people who had appealed to the " arbitrament of the sword," and he constantly urged the most vigorous prosecution of the war. In 1861, at the meeting of the Democratic State Committee, he was the only one who urged the policy of a Union ticket, for he realized what the war was, and was anxious to show the South an undivided North. When, in 1862, the President issued his call for three hundred thousand more. Col. Walker was appointed a mem- ber of the War Committee by Gov Morgan, giving his time, money, and best energies to fill the call, and it was largely due to his efforts that Col. Van Valkenburgh and Lieut.- Col. Diven marched into Washington with the first regiment raised under that call. In all the stirring incidents of the Rebellion, Col. Walker was found side by side with the most patriotic, aiding the needy families of the soldiers, and those who became the sole support of aged parents. In politics, he early imbibed those principles which had for their advocates such statesmen as Michael Hoffman, Silas Wright, W. L. Marcy, and Horatio Seymour. His ardent nature made him an effective worker as well as a wise coun- sellor. For the last twenty years he has served his party as a member of the State committee with rare fidelity and gen- eral acceptance. In 1858 he was chosen supervisor of Corning, against great odds, but his numerous cares compelled him to refuse a re-election. In 1870, Governor Hoffman appointed him a member nf the first commission for the Elmira Reformatory. He was chosen chairman, and devoted much time and study in de- veloping the policy finally adopted for that institution, and to perfecting building plans as well as the erection of the buildings. He continued a member of the commission until the Legislature changed the management of the Re- formatory to favor party friends. He represented the Twenth-ninth Congressional District in the Forty-fourth Congress of the United States, and at the time of election, although his party was in the minority of from four to five thousand, he received a majority of some three thousand ; and in his own town, of a poll of seventeen hundred, his majority was some nine hundred and eighty. He served on the committee on the Post-ofiBce and Post-roads, also that on Expenditures in the Post-ofiice Department. His course in Congress was maiked by a close and intel- ligent attention to his duties ; his decisive and complete defense of the military rendezvous at Elmira against charges of neglect and cruelty ; and for his effective sup- port of all measures for the welfare of the country, also measures for the relief of the soldiers and others whom the Federal government was in duty bound to protect. His record in that memorable Congress reflected alike honor to himself and credit to his district. The approval was gen- eral, and the expression for his re-election so universal that a public declination was deemed necessary, in which he re- iterated his feelings of two years before, intensified by an experience of two years, " that he much preferred the pleasures of home and its associations to any honors which a possible election might bring him." His whole career has been marked by his strong sym- pathy with the agricultural and mechanical interests. Farmers, manufiicturers, lumbermen, mechanics, and labor- ing men, by the hundreds, can testify to the timely aid given in the past. In the year 1854, March 2, he married Maria D., daughter of Edward S. and Maria Townsend, of Palmyra, N. Y. Her father was a native of Palmyra, and her grandfather. Rev. Jesse Townsend, was a Presbyterian minister, and among the early settlers of that place. Their children are Alvah (deceased), Mrs. James A. Drake, of Corning, Charles E., Hattie E., and Edwin S. Col. Walker, with his family, spends much of his time during the summer months at his beautiful farm residence at Palmyra, to which he intends to retire when he with- draws from active business. At present the firm of Walker & Lathrop is extensively enKaged in the lumber, manufacturing, and hardware busi- TOWN OF CORNING. 275 ness, and other enterprises which are d.'veloping the resources of Southern New York. In these pursuits Col. Walicer has achieved honor and fortune, has earned the respect of a legion of friends, and sot an example before the young men of this generation worthy to be emulated. HON. GEORGE B. BRADLEY was born in the town of Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 182.5. His grandfather, David, and his fiither, Orlo F. Bradley, were both natives of Richfield Co., Conn. David Bradley removed to Chenango County during its early settle- ment, was a farmer by occupation, and died at about eighty- four years of age. His father died in Corning in 1845. Mr. Bradley spent his time until he was sixteen on the farm, and at the common schools, and was subsequently a student at the Ithaca Academy. In 1815 he became a stu- dent of law, with Judge Monell, of Greene, N. Y., with whom he remained only a short time, and was afterwards a student with James Crombie, of Fulton, Oswego Co., N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in May, 1848. In June of the same year he settled in Addison, Steuben Co., in the practice of his profession, where he remained the balance of the year ; and after practicing for some four years in Wood- hull, in the year 1852, settled in Corning, where he has since resided, in the practice of the law. He has been a member of the law-firms of " Bradley & Brown" and " Bradley & Kendall,'' and is still a member of the latter firm. Mr. Bradley is a Democrat in politics, and holds an in- fluential position in that party. In the fall of 1873 he was elected to the Senate of the State from the Twenty-seventh Senatorial District, and served efficiently in that body during the term of 1874-75. In the fall of 1875 he was re-elected, and discharged the duties of senator during the following term (1876-77). Under the administration of Governor John T. Hofi'man he was appointed a member of the consti- tutional commission of the State of 1872-73, and in the fall of 1878 was a candidate of the Democratic party forjudge of the Court of Appeals. Mr. Bradley married, in 1850, Hannah E., daughter of John Lattimer, of WoodhuU. FRANKLIN N. DRAKE was born in the town of Milton, Chittenden Co., Vt., Dec. 1, 1817. His father, Elijah Drake, was a native of New Windsor, Conn. ; was married to Polly Tambling, a native of Lee, Berkshire Co., Mass. ; was a farmer by occupation, and died in 1829, at the age of fifty-si.^, in the town of Mil- ton. His wife was subsequently married to Christopher Cadman, and removed to Le Roy, Genesee Co., N. Y., where the smaller children, at the time of their father's death, were reared. Of eleven children, Mr. Franklin N. Drake was the ninth child. At the age of fifteen he began a clerkship in a drug-store at Le Roy, where he remained for three years, followed by one year spent in the West, and one year as clerk in the drug business in New York City. In the year 1840 he returned to Le Roy, and opened busi- ness for himself in the hardware and grocery trade, which he continued for some fourteen years. In the spring of 1854 he purchased timber-lands in Cohooton, Steuben Co., and began manufacturing lumber on quite an extensive scale, running some six mills, and shipping his lumber to various markets North, In the year 186G Mr. Drake sold his lumber in- terest in Cohocton, having previously, with seven others, purchased a tract of coal and lumber land near Blossburg, Pa., built a railroad connecting their lands with the Tioga Railroad, and developed their lands for coal and lumber purposes, under the name of " Bloss Coal-Mining and Railroad Company," of which he was general superintendent. In 18(J7, Mr. Drake removed to Corning, and the .same year the company bought the Tioga Railroad, and he was elected president of the same. In 1871 the Bloss Coal- Mining and Railroad Company sold their mine and roads to the Blossburg Coal Company, of which company Mr. Drake was elected president, and still holds the office, as also the presidency of the Tioga Railroad Co., with office located at Corning. The company, in 1876, extended their railroad to the city of Elmira. In 1870-71 he was a director of the Erie Railway. Mr. Drake has never been solicitous of any political preferment, but rather preferred a strictly business life, never accepting any office except that at one time he was supervisor of the town of Cohoc- ton, and served as auditor one term at Corning. In the year 1840 he married Abigail, daughter of Giles Man- waring, of Bethany, Genesee Co., N. Y., but a native of Lynn, Conn. She was born in 1819. Their children were three sons and three daughters, of whom only two sons reached manhood. Henry lived to the age of twenty-six, and died in 1873, leaving a wife and two children. James A. Drake, the only surviving son and youngest, married Isabella, oldest daughter of Hon. C. C. B. Walker, of Corning, and is in bu.siness with his father. ELLSWORTH DAGGETT MILLS. Ellsworth Daggett Mills, second son of Charles Lewis Mills and Maria Ann Kellogg, was born at Fairfield, Conn., May 8, 1836. The Mills family is of English origin. The first American progenitor was Peter Walter Mills, who, upon leaving England, went first to Leyden, Holland, where he was called Vondermeulen. He came to America between 1636 and 1640, and settled at Windsor, Hartford Co., Conn. Soon after his name was changed back to Mills by an act of the Colonial Legislature of Connecticut. His son, named Peter, had twelve children. Three of his sons were graduates of Yale College, and became minis- ters of the gospel. The eldest, Jedediah, was for fifty years pastor of the first church in Huntington, Conn. His wife was a granddaughter of Robert Treat, who was Governor of Connecticut for several years. His son, Elisha, lived in Huntington, and represented that town in the General Assembly of the State for thirty consecutive years. Charles L. Mills removed from Fairfield, Conn., to Steu- ben County in the year 1835, and settled at Centreville, in 276 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY. NEW YORK. the then town of Painted Post, where he engaged in mer- cantile business. He brought his family from Fairfield in 1836. He removed to Corning in 1841, where he con- tinued to reside until his death, in 184.5. He first engaged in the mercantile business, in Corning, in connection with Charles E. Osborne, and afterwards in the foundry busine.ss, to which B. W. Payne & Co. succeeded at his death, and which has been carried on so successfully since by B. ^V. Payne & Co., Payne & Olcotts, Payne & Pritchard, and B. W. Payne & Sons. The Kellogg family is of Scotch origin, the first settler in America having been Stephen Kellogg, who settled at Westfield, Mass., about the year 1700. Maria was a daugh- ter of Alexander Cyrus Kellogg, who was a grandson of Stephen before mentioned, and was a successful merchant and prominent citizen of Troy, N. Y. The subject of this sketch began his residence in Steu- ben County at the early age of six weeks, in the summer of 18o6, at Centreville, moving to Corning in 1841, where, with the exception of about seven years, he has always lived. His education was received in the public schools in Corning and the academy at Fairfield, Conn. He studied law with Hon. Geo. T. Spencer and Charles H. Thomson, then practicing law at Corning, under the firm name of Spencer & Thomson; was admitted to practice in 1857; went to New York City to reside in 1858, and remained until 1865, when he returned to Corning and formed a law partnership with Charles H. Thomson. Has since been a member of the law-firms of Thomson & Mills, Spencer, Thomson & Mills, and Spencer & Mills. He was elected district attorney in 1874, and re-elected in 1877 ; was also elected member of the board of educa- tion of the village of Corning in 1874, and re-elected in 1877. In politics he was originally a Democrat. He became a war Democrat at the breaking out of the war, and soon after became identified with the Republican party, and has acted with that organization, substantially, ever since, and was at one time chairman of the Republican county committee. He was married in 1862 to Eliza A. Wellington, a daugh- ter of Samuel B. and Amelia Wellington, who died in 1869 ; has two sons living, Charles L. and George A. He has one brother living. Dr. Augustus T. Mills, now practicing his profession at Corning, and three sisters, Mrs. Anna K. Curtis, of Ithaca, N. Y., Catharine L. Mills, and Mrs. Margaret A. Green, both residents of Corning. Mr. Mills has a good reputation as a lawyer, and is highly esteemed for his social and moral qualities. AUSTIN LATHROP, Jr. The paternal ancestor of the subject of this sketch. Rev. John Lathrop, was a native of Barnstable, England, and settled in America, at Scituate, Mass., Sept. 28, 1634. He died at Norwich, Conn., Nov. 8, 1653. The great-grand- father of Austin Lathrop (sometimes spelled " Lattrop" by many) was named Jedediah. He was a native of Stoning- ton, Conn. He had seven sons, of whom Israel, the grand- father of Austin, was the youngest, and was born in Bozra, Conn., in October, 1770, and settled in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1801. He was married to Miss Martha, daughter of John White, of Springfield, Otsego Co., N. Y. John White was a brother of Dr. Joseph White, of Cherry Valley, known far and near as a physician and sur- geon of great .skill. As the result of the above union, four children — two sons and two daughters — were born, of whom Austin Lathrop, Sr., was the eldest, and was born in Otsego Co., N. Y.. Aug. 19, 1805. His brother Delos was two years younger, and graduated at Union College with honors, became a lawyer in 1832, and settled in Bufiklo, and died in the city of Albany, in 1835. Austin Lathrop removed to Chenango County, and from thence to Lawrenceville, Pa., in 1830. He married Miss Amy, only daughter of Daniel Walker, of Lawrenceville, Pa., Nov. 5, 1832. Of this union, seven children — four sons and three daughters — were bora, viz., Margaret, Martha, Austin, Delos, Daniel, William, and Mary. Mrs. Lathrop died March 19, 1850. In 1836, Mr. Lathrop removed to Covington, Tioga Co., Pa., but at the present time (January, 1879) he is a resi- dent of Academy Corners, Tioga Co., Pa. He has spent the most of his life as a farmer and lumber- man, in Lawrence township, Tioga Co., and is now retired from business, at the age of seventy-four years. Austin Lathrop, Jr., son of Austin and Amy Lathrop, was born in Covington, Tioga Co., Pa., April 9, 1839. At the age of sixteen he left the paternal roof, and went into the busy world for himself For two years he was lumber inspector for Ballard & Sampson, of Williamsport, Pa. ; for one year a clerk in a general merchandise store, at Lawrenceville, for Mr. Ballard ; and March 30, 1859, came to Corning, and engaged as a clerk for Hon. C. C. B. Walker, in a general hardware store. June 13, 1862, Mr. Lathrop was admitted as partner, with firm-name of Walker & Lathrop, since which time, Mes.sr8. Walker & Lathrop, in connection with hardware, carry on an extensive busi- ness as manufacturers and dealers in lumber. Mr. Lathrop is a member of the Democratic party, and in matters of local interest has always been connected with such enterprises as tend to the growth and prosperity of the town and village of Corning. He was treasurer of the village for one year ; for two years following, its president ; and supervisor of the town of Corning for nine years, ending February, 1878, during which time he was elected four times as chairman of the Board of Supervisors of the county. Mr. Lathrop was connected with the fire department of the village for many years, and for some two years as chief engineer. QUINCY W. WELLINGTON was born in Moriah, Essex Co., N. Y., Dec. 27, 1832. He was second son in a family of seven children of Samuel B. and Amelia (Greene) Wellington, — the former a native of Alsted, Vt., born Sept. 7, 1805, the latter born at Saratoga, N. Y., June 29, 1813. Of the children, all are living except two. Mr. Wellington removed with his parents to Tioga in the year 1845, and in the year 1849 entered the store of U(JJ//u^^J^f^C Henry Goff was born in the town of Howard, Jan. 8, 1816. His father, William Goff, was a native of Bennington, Vt., burn in 1781 ; went to Otsego County while a young man, and married Harriet Hamilton, of the town of Butternuts, and began farming. Of this union were born in that county. Job; Mrs. Ziniri Burnham (deceased); Mrs. Nathan Goff (deceased) ; Jehial I}, (ileceased); Potter D. H., a practicing physician of Wis- consin. The family settled in the town of Howard, this county, about 1810, when Mr. Goff first purchased some two hundred acres of land on Goff's Creek, making additions thereto sub- sequently of several hundred acres. On his land was a saw- mill, and on which he built a grist-mill, the first built in that section of the county, and erected a wool-carding and cloth- dressing mill; and in 1833 he built the brick house now stand- ing in tlmt ]>art of the town, making the brick by hand. He lived where he first settled until he had erected the third grist- mill on different sites on the 'same farm. He also built a distillery which he carried on for some twelve years, and was engaged in stone-cutting. At one time when there was a scarcity of provisions, Mr. Goff brought flour from Penn Yan, paj'ing twenty dollars per barrel, and distributed it among the need}'; and during the famine, in 1816, it is said that Mrs. Goff spent a large part of one winter sifting bran, taking the finer part and mixing with flour to supply the destitute; and at a time when there was no physician near she was the ever ready physician and midwife for the settlers; such was her generosity and kindness, that her name will long be honored for her many wnmanlj' virtues. He was an enterprising, thrifty business man ; his sympathy for those around him was only limited b_v his ability to help them, and to such families as the Goffs was the establishment of schools, settlement of towns, and manufacturing interests of the early days most due. Mr. Goti' was esteemed very highly by the citizens of the town ; was supervisor for many years, and a member of the Democratic party. Although a man of little book knowledge, he possessed much native ability and sound common sense, and during the latter part of his life gave much of his time to reading, and especially to the study of the Scriptures, in which he was well versed, and believed in the final justification of the whole human race. Their children born in the town of Howard are Cameron, Henry, Washington (died young), Warren W., Hosea B., and Mrs. Alkali Bennett. The father died in the town of Howard, at the age of seventy-eight ; the mother died at the age of fifty-six, in the year 1843. Mr. Henry Goff spent his minorit}- on the farm and in the mill, receiving a fair common-school education. At the age of twenty-two he married Minerva, daughter of Reuben and Pjlecta (Loomis) Smith, of the town of Bath. Her parents soon after their own marriage settled in Howard, when there were only three families in the town, and afterwards re- moved to Bath, where they lived until they died. She was born Fell. 5, 1813. His first liusiness for himself was in the carding and cloth-dressing mill, which his father turned over to him about the time of his marriage. To this he added the manufacture of chairs, wagon hubs, etc., in which he was successful, and got a good start in business. In 1851 he engaged in the lumber business with Joseph I. Burnham, rafting down the Canisteo. For three years as a farmer, and five as a merchant, he resided in Avoca. In 1862 he opened a general merchandising store in Corning, which he carried on for seven years, and since has given his attention wholly to the dry-goods trade in that place, and is among the successful and enterprising merchants of Southern New York. Mr. Goff has always been a staunch member of the Demo- cratic party, and has been called upon by the citizens of his town to fill man}' places of trust and responsibility. Was supervisor of the town of Avoca, and for six years a justice of the peace of that town ; has been supervisor of Corning for two years; eight years justice of the peace and one year president of the village of Corning. During the excitement consequent upon the draft for Corn- ing of one hundred and forty-five men during the late Re- bellion, Mr. Goff took an active part in raising money to hire men and prevent the draft; i.nd for four days continuously was chairman of the meeting of the citizens of Corning at that time, and was a liberal contributor in supporting that suc- cessful project. His attention has been more particularly given to business, preferring that to political honor or the emoluments of office. Their children are J. Dimick, who died at the age of twenty- three ; and Mahlon D., who is now a resident of Corning. /i^/if^c William Walker was born at Sawley, York- shire, England, Oct. 11, 1827. His fatiier, Benja- min, eldest son of Eli Walker, of Haddeufield, also a native of Yorkshire, is now in Mannum, South Australia. His mother, Bridget Baldwin, second daughter of Anthony Baldwin, of Gisburn, Coates, Yorkshire, England, a captain in the royal navy, is deceased. Mr. Walker came to the United States, landing at New Orleans in 1842 ; thence up the Mississippi and to Chicago, then a small village, where he resided on a farm in the vicinity for several years. He returned to Europe in 1849, spent three years traveling through different parts of the continent, and on his return to America, in 1852, settled in New York City, where he remained for a few years and carried on quite extensively woolen manufacture in Ohio. In May, 1856, he removed to Corning, where he has since been a leading dealer in hats, caps, and gentlemen's furnishing goods ; and for several years past has done a large and successful business in fire and life insurance. During his residence in America he has made two trips to Europe, one of which was made on board a sailing vessel in fourteen days from New York to Liverpool. For several years since he came to Corning he has been a vestryman of Christ Church. He was one of the original members of the Al- liance Hook-and-Ladder Company, of Corning, and is now an honorary member of the same. He has been a trustee and president of the Corning fire department. June 16, 1859, he married Helen Comstock Bost- wick, niece of Col. Hiram W. Bostwick, of Corning. She was born in Milford, Otsego Co., N. Y., June 23, 1837. Their children are Anne Leach, William Baldwin, Helen Bostwick, Mary Louise, Fred Leach, and Edith ; of whom Mary Louise and Fred Leach Walker are deceased. Mr. Walker is identified with the Republican party, and interested in all questions aifecting local or State legislation. He is a promoter of tlic best interests of society, and gives his attention strictly to a business life. John Storms. ^iRS. John Storms Residence OF JOHN STORMS. Corning, Steuben Co., N Y TOWN OF CORNING. 277 T. L. Baldwin & Co. as errand boy. In 1851 he became a clerk in the store of J. B. Steele, and remained with him one year, when he entered into partnership with Mr. Etz, with the firm-name of Etz & Wellington. After the death of his father at Tioga, Pa., March 1, 1854, he withdrew liis interest from the firm, and came to Corning, Steuben Co., where he entered the oflBce of the New York and Erie Railroad Company, under the management and control of A. T. Cochran. On the 13th day of May, 1857, he married Matilda B., the accomplished daughter of B. C. Wickham, of Tioga, Pa. Her father, although now seventy-four years of age, is at the head of tlie banking house of B. C. Wickham & Co., and through a long life of usefulness has retained an unsullied reputation for integrity in all his business rela- tions, and is known for his manly qualities and business sagacity. In the year 1859, Mr. Wellington entered the George Washington Bank, at Corning, where he remained until September, 18(52, when he, in company with Samuel Russell, organized under the individual banking law of the State of New York, with the name of Q. W. Wellington & Co.'s Bank. After four years Mr. Russell withdrew his interest, and Mr. Wellington has since been the sole owner of the bank, giving his whole attention to legitimate bank- ing, acting in concert with, and aiding the full development of all business interests in the locality to the extent of his means, until at the present time his bank ranks financially with the strongest banking institutions in the county. This sketch gives only another illustration of the result of self-exertion by well-directed efforts, and adds another name to the list of self-made men, who, by strict attention to business, with a will to succeed, have won their way from an humble position to take rank in the best leading financial circle of the country. His children are Benjamin Wickham, Catherine Amelia, Samuel Barney, Adelaide Louise, Sarah Etz, Emily Clara, of whom Samuel Barney and Emily Clara died in infancy. JOHN STORMS Was born Jan. 31, 1814, in the city of New York. He is the son of John and Sarah Storms, who were natives of New Jersey. The family settled in New York about the year 1813, and two years after removed to Guilford, Che- nango Co., where they resided till the year 1832, at which time they took up their residence in Steuben County, town of Corning (then Painted Post). Upon his arrival in Steuben County, Mr. Storms purchased quite an extensive tract of timber-land and a saw-mill, and engaged in the lumber trade and in farming. He died Dec. 21, 1855. Mrs. Storms died on the 8th day of August, following. John Storms, Jr., was the fifth son in a family of sis children, two of whom are now living. Mr. Storms has followed farming for a business, and is one of the best farmers in the town, having a place for everything and everything in its place. He is one of the best-known tobacco buyers in the Chemung Valley, having been em- ployed, for many years, by heavy New York firms to make their purchases in this section. He has always been a Democrat, as was his father before him. He was married, February 12, 1837, to Miss Louisa Camp, daughter of Sylvester and Mittie Camp, of Owego, N. Y. She was the second daughter in a family of twelve children, ten of whom are living. The year following his marriage, Mr. Storms moved upon the flirm, where he now resides, the buildings being an old log house, barn, and wagon-shed which, if standing now, would present not a very pleasing contrast to his present elegant buildings. Mr. Storms takes much pride ip his fine stock, and is espe- cially fond of a good horse. They have two daughters, viz., Maggie, wife of Henry W. Farr, and Rachel, wife of Rufus K. Edminster, both of whom arc farmers, residing in the town of Big Flats, Che- mung Co. DANSVILLE. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This town was formed in March, 179G, and was named from Daniel P. Faulkner, an early and influential citizen, familiarly known as " Captain Dan." Parts of Cohocton and Howard were taken off in 1812, a part of Wayland in 1848, and Fremont in 1854. A portion of the town was annexed to Sparta (Livingston County) in 1822, and a part of Cohocton was reannexed April 26, 1834. Dans- ville i.s the northern town upon the west border of the county. Its surl\»ce is a rolling upland, divided into ridges by the narrow valleys of the streams, which flow both north and south into the two systems of waters which find their out- let in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Chesapeake Bay. The head-waters of the Canaseraga Creek, in this town, flow north, and the Canisteo Eiver south. The soil is sandj' and gravelly loam in the east and north, and gravel underlaid by hard pan in the southwest. SETTLEMENT. Although the town of Dansville was formed in March, 1796, the portion containing the population at that time was subsequently taken off, and that portion comprising the present town was without an inhabitant previous to 1804, at which time Isaac Sterling settled half a mile east of Burns' Station, near the foot of the hill, on the old Ark- port and Dansville road. Samuel Gilson settled next north of Sterling the same season. At that time the road ran along the foot of the east hill, avoiding a shallow lake or mar.sh, which filled nearly the whole valley for a distance of three miles. This body of water was covered with rank grasses on the west, presenting the appearance of a beau- tiful prairie, while to the westward a scraggy growth of shrubs and swamp-ash joined the pine aud maple which lined the road. It was at the outlet of this body of water that the " Arkport" of the earl}' navigators was established, and past the settlements of these early pioneers the growing travel of Dansville lumbermen and wheat-growers found an outlet. In 1806, Isaac Sterling opened the first tavern in the town, which was succeeded by others until it was said " there was a tavern at every mile on the road, and the woods were alive with the noisy ox-teamsters who hauled staves to Arkport to sell for $1.50 a thousand, and drank up the money on their way home." I Settlement had so increased in 1811 that a school was opened, and\^ames Jonesjlfather of Philander S. Jones, postmaster and mer- chant of Burns since 1845, was the first teacher. . This school was not far from Doty's Corners. In June, 1816, James Jones was married to Miss Polly Shaw, his being the first marriage in the town. Spencer B. Joijes, their son, occupies the old homestead near by. The Joneses were 278 early settlers in this valley, four brothers, John, James, Major, and Harry, coming from Penn.sylvania. In the north part of the town, on Stony Brook, is a narrow glen, varying in width from 50 to 90 feet, and 200 feet deep, down which the brook leaps in a succession of falls and cas- cades, making a descent of 150 feet in a distance of 275 yards. Half a mile above this deep, dark glen, the first saw-mill in the town, built by Rufus Fuller, was in opera- tion in April, 1816. I Mr. Fuller built a grist-mill just below the saw-mill, in 1820, taking the stones from Oak Hill. This grist-mill was carried away by high water about 1823. A general settlement was made in 1816 in various parts of the town. Among xhe first of these was Osgood Carle- ton, father of Osgood W. Carleton, who came from Maine, and settled on the State road, near Beechville, in 1815. In 1815, Jehial Gates came from Vermont and explored the new country. The next year he was followed by a number of families and young men from Addison and Rut- land Counties, among whom were Charles Oliver, Joshua Healy, Elisha and John Robinson, Joseph Phelps, Jesse Bridge, Jo.siah Pond, Joseph Cobb, Martin Smith, New- man Bell, Capt. John Bobbins, "Put" Rich, Judge David Demery, Jehial and his sons Gross and James Gates, Arad Sheldon, Silas Brookins, Isaiah Goodeno, and Venare Cook. These people located in and around Beachville. Judge Demery located south of " the corners," and his wife cooked for some of the surrounding young men, who re- turned in the winter and brought back their young wives the next spring. Elisha Robinson, father of L. K. Robinson, of Dans- ville, is still living on his first farm, at the age of eighty- three. Charles Oliver, whose -son is one of the leading men of Rogersville, organized a company of militia for " Simeon Bacon's Battalion" among his Vermont neighbors, and was commissioned April 16, 1816. Jerome B. Phelps, now one of the oldest and most re- spected men of Dansville, is a son of Joseph Phelps. A tavern was opened in this settlement in 1816, by Jesse Churchill, in a large double log house, near the Brayton place, one-half mile east of Beachville, and the country soon becoming settled, it was made for years a place of f general resort, — men meeting there Saturdays to end the week in a general frolic, — pitching quoits, wrestling, running horses, and liberally patronizing " the Deacon" — as Mr. Churchill was called — until well into the coming week. Nathaniel and Thomas Brayton, brothers, came from Washington Co. Philip, son of Thomas Brayton, lives on the old homestead, near the first burying-ground. Tisdall Haskin and Timothy Atwood, surveyor and II JOHN P FAULKNER. MRS.LUCINDA FAULKNER. JOHN P. FAULKNER. The subject of this sketch is a lineal descendant, of Dutch origin, from Capt. Daniel P. Faulkner, who was one of the very earliest pioneers of Dansville, Livingston Co., N. Y., and the one after whom the present town of Dansville in Steuben County was named. He was familiarly known as Captain Dan. He died when but thirty-eight years of age. John Faulkner was the sou of Capt. Daniel P., and was born at Milton, Pa., July, 1787 ; married Hannah T. Periue, daughter of Capt. Wm. Perine, of Dansville, N. Y. She was born September, 1787. Of this alliance six children were born, all of whom, save one son — John P., — are dead. Mr. Faulkner settled in Dansville in 1819, and con- tinued to reside there until hLs death, in March, 1863. His wife died in August, 1865. John P., only surviving child of John and Hannah Faulkner, was born in Dansville, Livingston Co., N. Y., Sept. 18, 1811. He was reared a farmer, which honor- able business he still continues to follow. When a young man he worked out by the month on the farm, and did not despise the day of small things. When but eight years of age he came into Dansville, Steuben Co., N. Y., which has since been liLs home. He married Luciuda Lemons, daughter of Maj. W. S. Lemons, of Dansville,. N. Y., Nov. 28, 1833. She was born Dec. 3, 1811. As the result of the above alliance six children have been born, viz. : Ann, Dorr, Phedova, Agnes, Kate, and John L., all of whom were born in Dansville, Steuben Co., N.Y. Dorr was a brave soldier in the war of the Rebellion ; was a member of Company B, 136th Regiment New York Volunteers, mustered in Sept. 25, 1862. He was with his regiment in many battles, and lost the use of his left arm, July 3, 1863, in the battle of Gettysburg, and was honorably discharged in December, 1863. At the present time he is engaged as postal clerk on the Erie Railroad, where he has been for several years. The other son — John L. — is at home with his father on the farm. Mr. Faulkner is one of the representative farmers of Dansville, and owns a large farm near Rogersville. He is a staunch Republican in politics, and has been honored with some of the offices of his town. His wife was and he is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Rogersville. He bought his present farm in 1861. As a citizen he is well spoken of by his neighbors. His wife died March 14, 1876. TOWN OF DANSVILLE. 279 school-teacher, settled on the Beachville fiuni, occupied by John P. Faulkner. Jared Root and his son, John Root, settled near. William S. Lenien, from Harrisburg, Pa., settled in the deep, narrow valley of Canaseraga Creek in the north, on the first land surveyed in that portion of the town. His son, James P. Lemen, who occupies the old homestead, was born March 1, 1816. Mr. Lemen was the first white child born in the town of Dansville. In the north part of the town, to the east of Stony Brook, was originally a high sandy plain, covered with a light growth of oak and yellow pine, which had been annually burned over by the Indians to make a hunting-ground. When the first settlers came there were about 1000 acres of this so open it could be seen through, and nearly level, some of the surrounding hills being also quite bare. These lands had to be plowed for the first crop, and were soon aban- doned by the first settlers as unfit for cultivation. This land is still known as Sandy Hill. In ISIU, Chauncey Day, father of Chauncey Day, — for years proprietor of the only hotel in Kogersville, — a native of Massachusetts, made (ho first settlement in that part of the town. Of the first two settlers in the town who came in 1804, Isaac Sterling was elected fence-viewer in 1805, whose award was twenty-five cents a day for actual services, and Samuel Gilson, overseer of highways, in March, 180G, before there were any other inhabitants in its present limits. The following interesting document was filed in the clerk's office of the town of Dansville, in 1811 : HANUMISSIOX FROJI .SLAVEnV. •' Knmv all men by these presents, that I, Nathaniel Rochester, of the town of Dansville, in the county of Steuben, and State of Neiv York, have, and by these presents do, manumit, and make free from slavery, my negro slave named Benjamin, about sixteen years old, and my negro slave named Casandra, about fourteen years old. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty-ninth day of .January, 1811. (Copy.) "N. RocHE.sTER." [seal,] This was certified before John Metcalf, justice of the peace. The record of a sale on file in the same oflice, in 1814, shows this property not to have been very valuable. Ann Faulkner, of the town of Bath, sold " all right, title, and interest in a little negro girl named Julia, born of her slave, Ann," in September, ISOS, to James Faulkner, for twenty dollars. In 1819, John Faulkner, a soldier of 1812, and a son of Capt. Daniel P. Faulkner, and William Perine, father of II. W. Perine, of Bath, moved into the maple-land.s, a mile south of the sand-lands. Of Mr. Faulkner's family of eight children, the only one yet living is John P. Faulkner, son of John Faulkner, and grandson of Daniel P. Faulk- ner, after whom the town was named, a leading citizen of the town, and principal occupant of the little hamlet of Beachville. Ilufus Stone was an early settler on Sandv Hill. In those early days, it was impossible to got work by the day, except around " old" Dansville. All work among the settlers was done by " bees," from house-raising to harvesting. The first barrel of salt brought into the north settlement was paid for with fourteen bushels of oats, and the first crop of wheat on the sand-hills was pulled up by the roots, as being too short to reap, and the heads cut ofl' over a •stump with a broad-axe ! The name of " The Lamp-Blacks" still clings to a portion of the old road through this part of the town where, in 1824, stood a round kiln of upright poles, daubed with mud on the outside, with a small open- ing through which the operator crawled to pile his ftit-pine faggots for burning, or to scrape the lamp-black from the sides after they were burned. Lime was burned at Rogers- ville, and potash made everywhere. Charcoal was burned at $4 a hundred weight, for the use of the blacksmiths, while " three shillings" (37 -j cents) a day was paid for chopping the wood. If pork enough was raised to last until sugar came, in the spring, the people were happy. Among the early recreations pursued by the boys might be mentioned killing rattlesnakes on the " Old Brail farm," hunting wild- cats, to see them fight the dogs, or " cooning." Raccoons were plenty, and not every family of boys could boast even a flint-lock relic of the old war, yet, with axe, and dogs, and pine torch, the dangerous sport was eagerly pursued by boys who are the gray-haired grandfathers of to-day. The last bear was killed by " Uncle Charley'^Tripp between Rogersville and Loon Lake, in 1846, while quietly feasting upon corn in a farmer's garden. The original settlers in Sandy Hill and its vicinity have given place to an industrious German population, from Prussia, on the Rhine, who have made of it the most valu- able portion of the town. Among their leading men are Alexander Leib, John Hayt, Alexander Green, Jacob Kurtz, and Jacob Kurtz, Jr. The patriarch of Sandy Hill was John Brail, a spare, gonial old man, his form bent with age, and his bald head fringed with snowy looks which fell upon his shoulders. Everybody knew him as " Grandpap Brail," and every one liked him. John Brail, who was born Jan. 28, 1771, migrated to the flats below the village of Dansville, and in 1817 bought the Brail farm, now owned by William Hall, and built a log house, into which he moved with his family of seven chil- dren, the same fall. His fireplace, occupying an entire end of the house, was an inclosure of huge stones, resting upon the ground. The chimney, commencing at the garret floor, consisted of sticks, thoroughly plastered with mud, and ex- tending just above the roof Great logs, which were shoved in on rollers by the united efforts of the family, kept the fire for six or eight days. Pitch-pine faggots furnished the only light for years. Ilis first clearing was made and sowed to rye in the fall of 1817. The next year grain was scarce, and as soon as this rye would do, a part of it was cut and shelled by hand. They put it in an old-f:ishioned Dutch oven and dried it for two days; then took it to Opp's mill to be ground. It being only half ripe and sticky, the mill- stone clogged and stopped. The accommodating miller took up the stone and gathered the grist, telling him he could boil it like rice, and eat it with milk. Cows were scarce and expensive, but money would buy a cow when it would not buy bread. He gave Jonathan 280 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Barnhart $40 for a new milch cow, and drove her home. Boiled rye and milk was the staple article of food for the winter of 1818-19. The next crop was wheat, raised on a field opposite the old buryinn;-ground. The soil was too poor to make straw, but good grain was produced in short scattering heads near the ground. This was pulled and threshed on a bed-quilt. His income while farming was produced from the burning of charcoal, in which he was an expert. The necessity of a school becoming apparent, in Decem- ber, 1818, he notified the .scattered settlers to attend a meeting which was held Dec. 25, 1818, at the house of Rufus Stone, in school district No. 8, pursuant to a notice given by John Brail, by order of Elisha W. Brockway, commissioner of common schools. William S. Lemen was chosen moderator ; Rufus Stone, clerk for the district ; Rufus Stone, Chauncey Day, and William S. Lemen, trus- tees ; David Stone, district collector. The following reso- lutions were adopted : *' lieBoived, That the forks or corners of the highway at or near the house of John Brail be the site for the school-house. " Renolved, That those persons that do not deliver their part of the lumber by the 8th day of January ne.\t at the site of the school- house that their portion of the lumber shall be assigned over to some other person by the trustees, and that the money be collected of said delinquents and paid over to the said assignee or assignees. " Renohed, That the said school-house be built of plank, twenty- one feet long and eighteen feet wide. " ReHoletdy That the trustees raise by tax $73, to be njipropriatcd to building said school-house in the aforesaid district. " lieaolved, That each person liable to pay taxes in said district pay one day's work towards building said school-house when called upon by any one or more of the trustees, and that the said ijay's labor be gratis. " Resolved, That the amount of lumber persons deliver at the site of the school-house as aforesaid shall apply towards his part of the before-mentioned tax. ^^ ReHoU-ed, That this meeting be adjourned to the 9th day of Jan- uary next, to bo holden at the same place. " [Signed,] W. S. Lemen, Modenitm: " Rufus Stone, Clerk." This meeting marked an epoch in the history of Sandy Hill. Some of the resolutions seem to be arbitrary, but in those early days everything had to succumb to the necessity of the case. On the 16th day of January, 1819, twenty- two days after the first meeting of this district, the meeting convened at the same place according to adjournment, and the first resolution passed was in these words : *' Resfdvcd, That the school-house be finished so far that there can be a school kept therein within s^'en days, aud that the school com- mence on the 2oth inst." The lumber used was only valued at $3.50 per thousand feet. A month from the date of the first meeting, Elisha W. Brockway was teaching the first three months' school, for $13 50 per month. An assessment of half a cord of good wood was made for each scholar. The walls were notched and laid up like logs, and the fireplace, like that of Grand- pap Brail, was liberal in its proportions. The windows shoved sideways ; the door, at one corner of the building, swung upon wooden hinges, and the desks were wide boards placed in a standing position against the walls. Weeks and months of labor were expended in cutting, notching, and gouging these desks full of images and strange devices. The seats were heavy slabs, with legs driven into auger holes. A water-pail, dipper, hickory- splint broom ; a high, straight-backed, splint-bottomed chair for the teacher, and a long, blackened, wooden poker for the fire, comprised the necessary furniture. In 1819, Mr. Brockway was again hired, to be paid partly in wheat at " the April price," which was about $1 per bu.shel. In 1824 wheat was hauled to Rochester and sold for forty cents per bushel. In 1825 the old fireplace gave way for a stove, which was paid for by the first tax collected by warrant. The old school-house was remodeled in 1836, after the cholera, and in 1845 abandoned for a new one. During its existence this school-house was the educational, social, and religious centre for a large scope of country. In the old burying-ground, a few rods west of where the school-house stood, where rest the remains of many of the pioneers, an inscription reads : " John Brail. Died Dec. 2, ISGO, in the 90th year of his age." Inscribed upon many of the stones are the terrible words, " Died of cholera." In 1834 the tide of German emigration turned towards Sandy Hill and the north of Steuben County. In August the families of Mr. Bolinger, Rider, Kersh, and Schu came by way of the Erie Canal to Buffalo, one of their number dying on the way of cholera. The families, num- bering 18 persons, moved into the old Brail house, and soon after ]Mrs. Brail was taken sick. The next day, August 24, she died. The doctors reluctantly admitted that the disease was contagious. The funeral, for which large prep- arations had been made, was abandoned. On Sunday morning one of the daughters died ; three of the emigrants were dead or dying. Samuel Lemen led a band of volun- teer nurses, composed of Zera Blake, Samuel G. Dorr, Mr. Driesbach, Rufus Stone, Joseph Acomb, Andrew Brail, John Brail, Jr., and others, doing all that men could do to arrest the spread of the disease. None of these ever fully recovered from the effects of their terrible watching. Mr. Blake was made an invalid for life. The rough cofiins were made in the old school-house. Mr. Blake took a load of boards back into the woods, half a mile distant, and constructed two temporary buildings, aud the two remaining sick, Mr. Bolinger and Mr. Rider, were carried thence on stretchers. Before arriving at the foot of the hill, Mr. Bolinger died ; a day or two later, one of Mr. Rider's daughters died. A strict guard surrounded the contagion, and no intercourse was permitted with the outside world. Mr. Schu was the only one who recovered. Brandy aud loaf-sugar were largely used as preventives. On the 4th of September, Simeon Decker died. Five days later his father, Samuel Decker, came down the old Indian Trail, on horse- back, to get lumber for his wife's coffin. Going home from the burial, he, too, was attacked, and died before morning. September 15, Mr. Acomb, one of the nurses, died. Andrew and John Brail, Jr., John P. Faulkner, Mr. Driesbach, and Samuel Lemen buried him in the field near the house. All night long the sentinel watched at the barn where his young wife and four children had taken refuge, passing the preconcerted signal, " All is well ! " that it might be OEA.JARVJS CASE. /^1RS.L0R£TTA CASE. JARVIS P. CASE, son of Philetus and Lucinda Case, was born in North Canton, Hartford Co., Conn., June 9, 1805. His father was a native of Simsbury, Conn.; be was the son of Amasa Case, Jr., who was the son of Amaaa Case, Sr., who was a native of Scotland. It is related that three brothers came from Scotland and settled in New England. One of these was named Amasa, from where Jarvis P. came. The parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents of Jarvis P. lived and died in Connecticut. Philetus was a farmer by occu- pation. He and his wife were members of the Episcopal Church. They reared a family of nine children, of whom Jarvis P. was the eldest. He was a respected citizen. Jarvis P. remained at home on his father's farm until he was twenty-four years of age, when he left home and was engaged for a few years as agent for the sale of clocks. In 1829 he settled in Dans- ville, Livingston Co., N. Y., where he met his wife, Mrs. Alpbeus Stout, formerly Loretta Wyatt, June 1, 1836. She was born April .3, 1804, in Seneca Co., N. Y., and settled in Dansville in 1808 or 1809, with her parents. Of this union three children were born, viz. : Lucinda C. and Henry P., died while very young; antl Henry Seymour, was born Jan. 16, 1844, and died April 18, 1857, and was buried in the cemetery at Burns. Mr. Case was living at Dansville while engaged in the sale of clocks ; he, however, sold his interest, and in 18;J2 or 1 833 bought a farm of one hundred acres, on Oak Hill, town of Dansville. He has owned some four different farrar: within sight of where they now reside. Mr. Case has been successful in his business relations, but he will be known by future generations, and re- membered by his neighbors, not by the number of acres he has owned, but by the influence of un upright Christian life. He became a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church in 1840. He has been one of the most promi- nent and useful men in the town. For more than twenty-five years he has been deacon of the church, and clerk and trustee for a great many years. For the past few years he and his wife have been members of the Pres- byterian Church at Arkport. Deacon Case has been very liberal in sup- porting the church. Among many other things he gave a bell to the church at Arkport, which will continue to call the people together for wor- ship long after he is gone. Deacon Case settled on his present place about 1867 or 1S6S, where he continues to reside. In politics he was formerly a Jackson Democrat, but of late years he has not taken an active part in politics. He has been an assessor of the town for some ten years. Mrs. Case joined the church at the same time as Mr. Case. Mr. and Mrs. Case are staunch temperance people. He has never used any ardent spirits of any kind, neither has he used tobacco in any form. The history of Deacon Case is one that might well inspire one to holy living. He is now very infirm, and ere this brief sketch shall be read in the history of the county, he will probably have passed away. We append the following as his last written testimony for the cause of Christ : " After an experience of the religion of Jesus Christ for almost forty years, I find that its excellency, beauty, and power are not in the least diminished ; I find, to the joy and delight of my inmost soul, that every- thing that I have said or done for our dear Redeemer or his cause, although said or done in weakness (great weakness), now comes back to me in an hundredfold, not in dollars and cents, but in his infinite fullness, as Christ promised his disciples in Matthew x'lx. 29. '• In a life devoted to Christ and his glorious cause there is nothing good that can be really lost, but everything that is really good is saved. "The nearer I approach the Sun of Righteousness the clearer are my religious views, the brighter is my path, the more lively my hope, the more animating my prospect, the stronger my faith, and my peace is broad and deep as the river with overflowing banks. Wod be praised forever for bringing me down to my present low physical estate of body so gently and gradually. He having given me the full and uninterrupted use and exer- cise of my reason and judgment during all of my illness and suffering. " I think that God's purposes respecting me in this life are now pretty much answered, unless it is his holy and righteous will that I suffer more here. " I think it must constitute & grand and important element of the happi- ness of Heaven to the saints there who have lived on this earth to know and to feel that by Divine Grace such was the course and conduct of their lives in this sinful and wicked world that the Lord Jesus Christ could own them as his true followers, and call them by the endearing names of 'the children of a king,' and 'the sons and daughters of the Lord Al mighty,' and prepare for them auob mansions of glory and bappiueds." .-^ y ■^^Q |vl0RGAN H. C-ARNEY. |vIrs .^loRGAN |^. Carney. JOHN CARNEY. John Carney was a native of Strabane, Ireland ; settled in Pennsylvania, near Easton, some time after the Revolution ; married Mary Heater, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom the following children were born, viz. : Betsey, William, John, Joseph, James, George, and Jane. Betsey and William were bom in Pennsylvania ; John, at Hornellsville, Steuben Co. ; and all the remainder in Sparta, Livingston Co., N. Y. John Carney, Sr., was a farmer by occupation. He was one of the very earliest settlers in Steuben County ; settled at Hor- nellsville about 1796 or 1797 ; remained a short time, when he removed to Sparta, Livingston Co., N. Y., where he continued to reside until his death. John, Jr., was born at Hornellsville, Dec. 22, 1798 ; removed to Livingston County about 1800. He was reared a farmer, which honorable vocation he continued to follow through life. He married Anna Decker, in 1822. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1800. Her parents were natives of Pennsylvania also. Of this union of Mr. and Mrs. John Carney eleven children were born, viz. : Morgan H., John, George, Alonzo, William, Joseph, Hiram H., Charles and Martha (twins), Lyman, and Homer. Mr. Carney settled in Dansville the year he was married, on the farm now owned by Washington Fritz ; remained a few years, when he settled upon the farm now owned by his son, Charles R. He was one of the large farmers of the town. He reared his large family to in- dustry, and each of them is a respected citizen of the com- munity in which he or she resides. In politics, Mr. Carney was a Democrat. He died Oct. 21, 1863. His wife died Nov. 19, 1872. They were buried in the cemetery at Doty's Comers. Morgan H. was born April 27, 1824, in Dansville, Steuben Co., N. Y. He remained on his brother's farm until his majority, then spent nearly two years in Tecumseh, Lenawee Co., Mich., and then returned home. He was married, June 2.3, 1848, to Miss Sylvina, daughter of John and Melinda Carroll, of Bums, Alle- gany Co., N. Y. She was born there April 4, 1827. Her father was a native of Pennsylvania, and settled in Bums with his father about 1806. He married Malinda Haskins, of Almond, N. Y. The paternal ancestor of Mrs. Morgan H. Carney was bom in Ireland, and her maternal ancestors were from England, and settled in New England. As the result of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Carney eight children are born, viz. : Hily A., John W., Mary J., James B., Joanna R., Kate P., Morgan H., Jr., and Charles M. ; all are living. In 1865, April 14, he purchased his present farm. He owns some three hundred and twelve acres of good land ; two hundred and forty-five is in the home farm. Mr. Carney has been a life-long Democrat ; was known as a " War Demo- crat." Mr. Carney has held various official positions in his town. He has been justice of the peace eight years, and supervisor for two terms, in all of which he gave general satisfaction to his townsmen. Mr. and Mrs. Carney are members of the Baptist Church at Canaseraga. Mr. Carney is one of the representative men of his town, and is a man respected by his neighbors. He inserts this brief sketch of his parents and grandparente in memory of them. TOWN OF DANSVILLE. 281 known they were yet safe. The kst deatli was that of Darius Decker, which occurred September 21, eighteen victims liaving fallen before the terrible scourge. On Oak Hill, the high land forming the western part of the town, a settlement was made in 1816-17 by Moses Hulburt, Joshua Williams, Daniel, George, and Hubbard Griswold, William C. Rogers, Thomas Buck, George But- ler, and Joshua Woodard. In this settlement, two miles west of Rogersville and commanding a view of some 3000 acres of cleared farms directly east, was located the old log church, where elec- tions were held alternately with the taverns at Rogersville and Beachville, and here the first couple were joined in wed- lock, — Cyril Buck, son of Thomas Buck, marrying Philena Hall, June 16, 1818. The children of this couple, D. S. Buck, Mrs. H. A. Kuder, Mrs. Edward Kridler, and their grandson, Hon. Fred. M. Kridler, are still residents of Dansville. Of the Griswold family, Laduli, grandson of Daniel Griswold, still occupies the old homestead. From the western summit of this hill, near the Methodist J]piscopal chnich, a triangular opening in the valley far below presents itself to view, surrounded by high and precipitous hills. The apex, extending four miles across the valley and pene- trating the hills on the opposite side, is occupied by the village of Canaseraga, in Allegany County. Through this valley, extending beyond the range of vision north to the old village of Dansville, and past the village of Burns, just visible four miles to the south, across the valley, once ran the main line of local com- merce before railroads were known. The old marsh has disappeared. In 1832 a ditch ten feet in width was cut from Burns to Arkport, redeeming the greater portion of this beautiful valley, which is now a level body of fine cultivated farms, only a narrow strip being still occupied by a growth of white a,sh and aquatic shrubbery. Just at the foot of the hill, two miles from Burns, at the Healy Mansion, in the Doty's Corners post-office, the first estab- lished in the town. Its former name of Dewitt Valley, given it in 1825, caused confusion in the mails, and the present name was substituted. Joshua Healy, the pro- prietor of this beautiful ftirm, is a son of Joshua Healy, one of the boys who, with Elisha Robinson and Charles Oliver, started in 1815 from the Green Mountains of Ver- mont with one horse between them, and made themselves homes in the then far distant West. The taverns are all gone, and the store, kept by an unknown adventurer in 1820, has been replaced by the little hamlet of Burns; a railroad station on the Lake Erie and Northwestern Rail- way, which is divided by the western line of the county. The post-office, store, hotel, and some twenty residences are in Steuben County, while the depot is in the county of Allegany. The post-office was established at this place after the opening of the railroad in 1850. Dr. Thomas M. Bowen, from Washington County, settled east of Beachville, on the hill, a quarter of a mile distant, in 1819, and was the postmaster of South Dansville. Eli Carrington, Timothy, Nathaniel, and Meyer Wallace, from Vermont, joined the settlement in 1820, and Arad Sheldon opened a tavern, south of Mr. Bowen's, in which election 30 was held in 1825. This soon became a business centre under the management of Aaron W., Robert, and John M. Beach, three brothers, who bought the principal inn and opened a store. In 183i, a hurricane swept over the place which destroyed buildings and did much damage. Aaron W. Beach represented his district in the Assembly, in 18-12. Beachville declined with the transfer of business to Rogersville, and now consists of some 15 houses, occupied by farmers and farm laborers, a blacksmith- and wagon- shop, and the abandoned Baptist church. A mile over the hill, to the northwest of Beachville, is Rogersville, sur- rounded on three sides by sloping hill-side farms and open to the northwest, showing the hills of North Dansville and the second range of hills far beyond in Livingston County. Choice groves of sugar-maple and old ajjple-orchards vary the scene on every side. Gently sloping down the point between Ganong and Stony Brooks, for nearly a mile, runs the main street of the village. Near the upper end of the street, on the left, is the old homestead of the Stevens family, where Hum- phrey Stevens settled in 1822. Just beyond, the crown- like dome of the Dansville academy rises above the sur- rounding maples which hide the village beyond. Beside it is the little Universalist church, abandoned years ago for more modern innovations. Passing down the broad, shady avenue, we find the academy to be a fine three-stoi'y wooden building, and beyond, on either side, a succession of fine, modern residences. Just above the hotel was opened the first store by the founder of the village, William C. Rogers, a native of Rhode Island, who opened his store in the dwelling-house of Prosper Booth, in 1829, afterward build- ing across the street, where his son-in-law, Hon. D. L. Kingsley, still continues the business. The first settlers in the village were Jonas Bridge, Pros- per Booth, and Daniel Handy, who, in company with John Miller, built the flouring-mill, in 1822. The post-office was moved from Beachville to Rogersville, and, in 1848, Mr. Rogers moved the old store down from Beachville, and opened therein a select school which soon after became the academy. In 1850, a foundry was established by R. W. & D. Dans, near the store, for the manufacture of stoves and farming implements which continued in operation seve- ral years. A cross-road, leading from Dansville to Hornells- ville, 12 miles distant, passes through the centre of the village. Just below rises the tall spire of the Methodist Episcopal church beside the fine residence of Charles Oli- ver, Esq., son of the Vermont pioneer. Farther down the street the old .stone mill stands corncrwise to the street, where the land breaks ofi" abruptly with a descent of 25 feet, the walls continuing for half a mile below as though torn out by the action of some terrible flood. Since a blacksmith with his family were swept away in his house by a flood, some years ago, this lower valley has been nearly tenantless. Rogersville contains between fifty and sixty residences, and is one of the neatest looking villages in the county. Among the business houses are two stores, an unoccupied block of stores, hotels, three blacksmith- and two wagon- shops, and broker's office, and flouring-mill. There are also 282 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. two churches and the academy in the village. A daily stage to and from Dansville carries the mails. The busi- ness depends upon the immediate surrounding country for its support. The northern part of the town is devoted chiefly to grain raising, while dairying is more prevalent in the south. ORGANIZATION. The first town-meeting of the town of Dansville, then including the present town and village of North Dansville, iu Livingston County, lield in the village of Dansville, at the house of Samuel Faulkner, April 4, 1797. There were chosen as town officers for that year, Isaac Van Deventer and James Faulkner, Overseers of Highways; David Ful- ler, Collector. At the next election on record, held in 1799, Daniel P. Faulkner was elected Supervisor; James Hooker, Town Clerk; William Phoenix, Amariah Ham- mond, James Porter, "Commissioners;" Alexander Fuller- ton, William Porter, John Phoenix, Assessors ; Frederick Barnhart, Constable and Collector; James Hammond, Path- master ; William Porter, Overseer of the Poor ; Amariah Hammond, Frederick Court, Fence-Viewers. Twenty-four votes were cast at the general election of April 30, May 1 and 2 of the same year. 1799. 1800. 1801. 1802. 18113. 1804. 180.i. 1806. 1807. I80S. 1809. 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1817. 1818. 1819. 1820. 1821. 1822. 1823. 1824. 1825. 1826. 1827. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1831. 1S32. 1333. 18.34. Supervisore, Daniel P. Faulkner. Alex. FuIlerton(v.). Jacob Vjindeventer. Ain, Hammond (v.), Samuel Faulkner. Amariah Hammond. CIVIL LIST. Town Clerks. James Hooken. L. Hammond (v.). Richard Porter- Lazarus Hammond. Richard W. Porter. John Metcalf. « U U ti Jared Irwin (v.). Samuel Cuthbertson. " " Jared Irwin. *' " Jonathan Rowley. " " Wm. B. Rochester. Tbos. MoWharton. a It tt ti James Faulkner. Joshua Heal}-. James Faulkner. Joshua Healy. Charles Oliver. Nathaniel Brayton. Aaron W. Beach. John C. Rochester. James Faulkner. Matthew Porter. Selah Barnard. John Kershner. Wyllys T. Clark. Timothy Atwoood. Wm. C. Rogers. Prentice Barrows. J. P. Brookins. P. Barrows (v.). Josiah Fisher. William C. Rogers. Aaron W. Beach. Wm. C. -Rogers. Collectors. Frederick Barnhart. Henry Cruger. Nathaniel Porter. Gwyn Wilkinson. Richard Porter. Thos. McLcm. Jas. McCurdy. Matthew Porter. Adam Lewis. William Ferine. John Miller. Thos. McWharton. Darius Hill. Thos. McWharton. Nathaniel Purdy. John Jones. Amariah Hammond. Alpha Stout. Hosea Craudall. Samuel Shannon. Gross Gates. William Doty. Gross Gates. James Gates. Solomon Scidmore. ft it Josiah Pond (v.). 1835. 18.36. 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1S57. 1858. 1859. I860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. Superrisors. Aaron AV. Beach. Joel Carrington. tt tt . Timothy Wallace. tt .1 (( tt Joshua Healy. Charles Oliver. Leeds Allen. Charles Oliver. it tt Joel Carrington. tt tt Luther AYhitc. Joel Carrington. Wm. W. Healy. Eli Carrington. Wm. W. Healy. Wui. A. Woodard. Wm. W. Healy. Cha.x. S. Ackley. (( tt Wm. W. Healy. Dyer L, Klngsley. Benj. F. Kershner. Warren Wallace. it it Fred. M. Kreidler. Morgan H. Carney. (( tt Lewellyn S. Healy. ii tt Charles Oliver. Town Clerks. Wm. C. Rogeri Alexander Kelly. John Witter. J. H. Stevens. Wm. C. Rogers. Albert Goodeno. Dyer L. Kingsley. W. C. Kingsley. Albert Goodeno. L. H.Benjamin. Geo. J. AVaggoner. D. H. Oliver. Nicholas Welter. D. Day. Daniel Eveland. Wesley Fritz. Dyer L. Kingsley. Collectors. Solomon Scidmore. Josiah Fond. Silas Cotton. Alexander Kelly. John Leonard. Alexander Kelly. Joseph Flint. tt •> Wm. A. Woodard. Thos. W. Bowen. Dyer L. Kingsley. Thos. W. Bowen. Dyer L. Kingsley. Thos. W. Bowen. Andrew W. Cook. Daniel McCoUum. Oscar Doolittle. James B. Lemon. Henry L. Jones. Chas. R. Holliday. ti it Daniel S. Blank. Andrew W. Cook. Anthony Mindnicb. Jacob Kurtz. Syrens Watkins. D. A. Babeock. -John Hflight. John Lander. tt tt Chas. R. Carney. tt tt John Haight. 1807, 1809, 1810, 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1817. 1818. 1821. 1822. 1823. 1824. 1825. 1826. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1832. 1833. 1,834. JUSTirES OF THE PI Isaac Vandeventer, I 1835. Jonas Cleland. I 1836. Stephen Haight. John Metcalfe. I Jared Irwin. 1837. Samuel Cuthbertson. 1838. W. B. Rochester. I 1839. William Anient. 1840. Selah Barnard. . 1841. Samuel Hunt. 1842. E. W. Brockway. 1843. George Reynale. 1844. Rufus Day. 1845. Thomas M. Bowen. 1846. John Williams. 1847. E. W. Brockway. Aaron W. Beach. 1848. Martin Smith. 1849. Charles Oliver, Amherst Kingsbury, Martin Smith. 1850. Charles Oliver. 1851. Aaron W. Beach. 1852. Henry Sharp, James Briggs. Peter Doty. 1853. Elnathan P. Foster. 1854. Aaron W. Beach. 1855. Thomas J. Lewis. Jonas Bridge. Anthony Hollister. Charles Oliver, James B. Cowry. Aaron W. Beach. Jonas Bridge. Charles Oliver. James B. Curry. Timothy Wallace. Joshua Healy. Charles Oliver. George G. Babeock. Lyman Norton. Amos Knowlton. Aaron Bowen. J. H. Stevens. W. H. Clark. H. Florey. Robert Brail. Nathan B. Newcomb. Lyman Brayton. William A. Woodard. 0. Mosher. George G. Babeock. John M. Roberts. Orison Mosher. Samuel Lemen. ■-k^M Phileitus Allen. Mrs./Almeda B, Allen. PHILETUS ALLEN, BOD of Leeds Allen and Polly Woodard, was born in Dansville, April 7, 1825. He is the only living son of a family of twelve children, of whom two sisters also survive. His father was a native of Massachusetts, and was born July 18, 1792, and settled in Dansville, Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1815. He married Polly Wood- ard, Dec. 30, 1819. She was born in Onondaga County, Sept. 22, 1801. Of this union twelve children were born. When Mr. Leeds Allen settled in Dansville all this town was one vast wilderness, not a house nearer than two miles, where a family by the name of Bridge lived. Mr. Allen chopped and cleared a large farm, made valuable improvements, reared a large family, and was one of the most prominent men of his day. In politics, a firm Democrat of the Jackson school. He held various town offices. He was assessor several terms, and supervisor two terms. He did not seek political honors, but was a quiet, unassuming man, preferring the surroundings of home to all official honors. He and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Rogersville, and he was very prominent in the society. He died April 30, 1865. His widow still resides on the old homestead; is hale and hearty. Philetus was feared a farmer, which honorable busi- ness he still continues to follow. He received a common- school education. He married Almeda, daughter of George and Millie Burditt, of Rogersville, Dec. 23, 1847. She was bom Nov. 9, 1830. Geo. Burditt, son of Thomas and Lois Burditt, was a native of Vermont, and settled at Rogersville in 1818. He married in 1817, and had five children, of whom Mrs. Almeda Allen is one. Geo. Burditt was a farmer by occupation ; held some town offices, and was a Demo- crat in politics. He died Aug. 14, 1851, and his wife died Dec. 4, 1839. As the result of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Philetus Allen thirteen children have been born, ten of whom are living. Their children were as follows : Mary F. and Leeds B. (deceased), Benson T., Rachel E., Wm. W., Walter L., Phebe A. (deceased), Geo. Mc, Nellie M., Homer G., James H., Clara E., and Leon D. Mr. Allen is one of the representative farmers in Dansville, and owns some one hundred and ninety-three acres of good land. In politics he has been a life-long Democrat. Mrs. Allen is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Rogersville. J.A.JONES. SPENCER B.JONES. SPENCER B. JONES. The grandfather of the subject of this brief sketch was Ben- jamin Jones, of Welsh extraction. He was born Dec. 16, 1741, in Pennsylvania; married Elizabeth, his wife, about 1770, by whom nine children were born, of whom James was one, and he was bom Dec. 4, 1779. His wife, Elizabeth, was born Oct. 24, 1746, and died Dec. 1, 1825. Benjamin was a farmer. He died Dec. 7, 1803. James Jones was a farmer by occupa- tion ; married Mary Shaw, a native of Luzerne Co., Pa., Jan. 9, 1816. Mrs. Mary S. Jones was born Dec. 18, 1800. Mr. Jones and wife had a family of eight children, viz. ; Philander S., Palmer, Mary Ann E., Spencer B., Keziah, Catharine, ElizaT beth, and Lewis M. Mr. Jones was one of the early pioneers of Steuben County, having settled in the county several years before his marriage. He settled first at Canisteo, and followed farming, lumbering, and was also engaged in rafting on the Canisteo River. He soon settled at Arkport, and was employed for a time in aware- house. Arkport wa.s the head of navigation at that time. He settled in Dansville before his marriage, in the immediate neigh- borhood, where he continued to reside till his death, Dec. 14, 1861. He settled on the farm now owned by his son Spencer B. in 1825. He had a farm of some three hundred acres at one time. He he^d some minor offices in the town. He was the first teacher in the town, having taught a school in 181 1 . He was a man respected by his neighbors, reared h'\n family to industry, and each of his children is a respected citizen of the community in which he or she resides. In politics he was a Jeffersonian Democrat. Mrs. Jones died Dec. 26, 1855. Spencer B. was born in Dansville, Aug. 5, 1824. He was on his father's farm untU he was twenty-four years of age ; then was engaged as foreman on a railroad in Ohio for one year ; then returned to his father's farm, which has been his place of residence ever since. He married Elizabeth C. Weldy, daughter of William and Elizabeth Weldy, natives of Pennsyl- vania, April 12, 1855. She was born Sept. 15, 1834, and died Oct. 18, 1867. She was a member of the Baptist Church. Of this union three children were born, viz., Addie J., Mattie E., and Carrie E. Mr. Jones married his present wife, Miss Margaret E., daughter of William and Sally Ann Woolever, of Dansville, Dec. 24, 1868. She was born April 26, 1842. They have one daughter, Ethel M. Mr. Jones is a Democrat in politics. He has held the office of assessor of the town for nine yeai-s, and is holding that po- sition now. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are worthy members of the Baptist Church at Canaseraga, Allegany Co., N. Y. He has a good farm in Dansville, situated on the road between Arkport and Dansville. The old home was the first public-house, in 1806, in the town. The farm consists of about one hundred and fifty-six acres of good land, well watered and improved. He is a respected citizen of his town, and well worthy a place in the liistory of his native county.,' TOWN OF DANSVILLE. 283 1856. Timothy Wallace. 1867. Charles It. Holliday 1857. Morgan H. Carney. 1868. Henry A. Kershuer. 1858. Lyman C. Squires. 1869. John N. Kennedy. 1859. John P. Faulltner. Charles Oliver. 1860. Thomas Cotton. 1870. Peter Krcidler. 1861 51. II. Carney. 1871. J. Beach. 1862. .Joshua Healy. 1872. A. W. Cook. 1863. Samuel Lemen. 1873. John P. Faulkner. 1S64. B. F. Kcrshner. Moses MeMaster. C. W. Stevens. 1874. Peter Kreidler. 1865. John Kenueily. 1875. Liseum Robinson. Henry A. Kershner. 1876. Henry A. Kershner. Thomas Burditt. 1877. Marion F. Watkin.s. 1866. Joshua Healy. 1878. Peter Kreidler. 1867. John \. Be.ach. THE ROGEESVILLE UNION SEMINARY. SOUTH D.INSVILI.E, STEIIBES CO., N. Y. In 1848, William C. Rogers moved a store building from Beacliville to the present grounds of the Academy, and established therein a select high school with one department. This was a private enterprise, and was supported by tuition fees, under the supervision of Mr. Rogers. Rev. J. Strough was the first principal. The present fine building was com- pleted in 1852, by subscriptions and contributions, and Jan. 28, 1853, the Rogersville Union Seminary was char- tered by the Regents of the State University, who appointed William C. Rogers, Joel Carrington, Jonas Bridge, Robert Brail, James H. Stevens, Edward Crydler, Gardner Pierce, Robert W. Davis, Samuel G. Dorr, Michael Ouston, John W. Rider, Robert Beach, John Kelly, Rev. F. G. Hibbard, Isaac Lyon, M. E. Blake, and C. S. Ackley, M.D., the first trustees of the institution. The large three-story building is finely located in a handsome grove of maples, its grounds comprising three acres of land. It contains a large chapel, four recitation rooms, a library, and forty dormitories. Faculty, 1878-79. — Lewis McHenry, Principal, Higher English, Mathematics, and Sciences ; Mrs. E. S. McHenry, Preceptress, Common and Higher English, Latin, and Ma- thematics; Dr. C. S. Ackley, President; A. W. Cook, Secre- tary. Calendar. — Fall Term opens Wednesday, Aug. 28, closes Nov. 27, 1878; Winter Term opens Wednesday, Dec. 11, closes March 12, 1879 ; Spring Term opens Wednesday, March 10 ; closes June 18, 1879. Expenses. — Preparatory, 86 ; Provisional and Normal, $7; Academic, $8; Incidentals, $1; Board at Hall, per week, $2.75 ; Room rent for student, $1.75 ; Instrumental Music, §10 ; Vocal Music, $1.50 ; Use of Instrument, $2 ; Telegraphy, $10; Drawing, $3. The following is the course of study recently established by the Regents, in compliance with an act of Legislature. Those completing this course will receive the diploma of the Regents, which entitles them to admission into any col- lege in this State: 1, Algebra; 2, Plane Geometry; 3, Physiology; 4, Natural Philosophy; 5, Rhetoric; 6, Amer- ican and General History ; 7, Chemistry. Any four of the following group : (8, Botany ; 9, Physical Geography ; 10, Astronomy; 11, Mental Philosophy; 12, Book-Keeping ; 13, Geology). Kndi any four of the following group : (14, English Literature; 15, Moral Philosophy; IG, Science of Government; 17, General History; IS, Zoology; 19, Trigo- nometry ; 20, Drawing). An equivalent amount of work and time spent on Latin, Greek, French, or German, may be substituted for Nos. 12 to 20, or any of them. Students wishing to take a longer or shorter course may do so, and will receive a correspond- ing diploma from the institution. The names of the different principals of the Rogersville Union Seminary are as follows, arranged in the order of time: 1, Rev. J. Strough; 2, Vosburg; 3, C. W. Bennett; 4, W. S. Hall; 5, E. H. Wildman; 6, Rev. J. Easter ; 7, J. W. Byam ; 8, Rev. Chas. Gifford ; 9, Rev. J. Haskell; 10, W. A. Dawson; 11, Nye R. Hill; 12, D. D. Babcock ; 13, E. L. Maxson ; 14. Barton S. Part- ridge ; 15, Lewis McHenry. CHURCHES. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first Methodist meetings in the town of Dansville were held on Oak Hill, — in the house of George Butler, half a mile north of the present church, — in the spring of 1817. Parker Buel and James Bronson were the first preachers. A class was formed immediately after, consist- ing of George Butler and his wife Abigail, Thomas Buck and his wife Abigail, and Robert Butler, brother of George, who was class-leader. The next summer, meetings were held at the residence of Thomas Buck. In 1818 there was a general revival of religion, com- mencing in August and continuing through the winter, under the preaching of Revs. Buel and Bronson, convert- ing nearly the entire population for miles around, and in- creasing the class to nearly 100 members. The walls of the first house of worship in the town — well remembered by the old families as the old log church — were rolled up in 1819, without the aid of any trustees or build- ing-committee, and occupied immediately. Mrs. Benjamin Picket, the first convert, died the day the church was raised. As cold weather came on, Cyril Buck and Philander Hitchcock secretly purchased a stove, which they put up in the church before any one knew their intentions. Early services were held in the school-house at Beach- ville, John Root being an .early worker in the church at that place. Afterwards, as the centre of population changed, a new church was built in Rogersville by Leeds Allen and William C. Rogers, Trustees, and dedicated, July 19, 1841, by Rev. Mr. Woodruff. In 18G2 a new church, costing $2200, was dedicated on Oak Hill, three-fourths of a mile west of the old log church. John Kreidler, Julius Hulburt, and Daniel Kreidler were the trustees. Mrs. Lydia Woodard is the oldest member of this church now living, having been a member for fifty- two years. The first cla,ss-leaders were Leeds Allen, Joshua Wood- ard, and Joseph Flint. The pastors have been : 1817-18, Revs. Parker Buell, James Bronson ; 1819, Thomas McGee, Elihu Nash; 1822, Asa Allen, John Copeland ; 1823, Robert Packer, Nelson Hoag ; 1825-26, John Arnold, Asa A. Call, Henry F. Row; 1828, John Arnold, Levi B. Castle; 1833, Asa B. Pickard, Samuel Salsbury; 1837, John Shaw, Andrew Pickard ; 1838, Robert Parker, Nelson Hoag, Ben- jamin Sabin, Caleb Kendall, Micah Seiger, and Chester B. 284 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Atgate ; Menzo Doud, Osa Orcott, Samuel Cliurch, and Ira Bronson ; John Shaw, Saul Church, and John Knapp have served in the old log church. Subsequently the same pas- tors have supplied all, including the following: 1847, V. Brownell; 1849, D. Ferris; 1857, J. M. Park; 1859, D. Knapp; 1861, E. D. Rosea; 1862, T. Jolly; 1863-64, R. Parker; 1865, Rev. Mr. Hall; 1866, E. T. Bliven ; 1867. Charles Bush; 18G8, J. T. Thompson ; 1869, \Vm. Haskell ; 1870, Rev. Mr. Dunkin ; 1871-72, William Has- kell; 1874-75, A. Sorenberger; 1876-77, W. W. iMande- ville; 1878, M. J. Landreth. Present trustees : Oak Hill, Lorenzo Hulburt, Harvey Cleveland ; Rogersville, Peter Kreidler, Joseph S. Flint, J. M. Hendee. Present oflScers; Daniel Kreidler, Joseph S. Flint, Lorenzo Hulburt, Class-Leaders ; Peter Kreidler, Re- cording Secretary; J. M. Hendee, Joseph S. Flint, Daniel Kridler, Newton Kingsley, Stewards. Total membership, 84. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. The first Baptist meetings in Dansville were held by a Rev. Mr. Ford, of Howard, as early as 1819, at Beach- ville, in the log school-house, on Thomas Brayton's land. Mr. Brayton, who was a deacon of the church and an elo- quent speaker, also held meetings when there was no pastor at hand, and officiated at funerals. Annual association meetings were held in barns during the summer. Among the early members were Thomas and Nathaniel Brayton, Tolman Brown, James Bryant, Robert and Jonathan Sloan, Stephen Holden, Erastus-Sexton, 3Iorton Smith, and Thos. M. Bowen. In 1852, Rev. Nicholas B. Rector came to Dansville and found the society divided into Old School and New School factions. Rev. George Dye was preaching to the New School, and Mr. Rector took charge of the Old School fac- tion, reorganizing with 24 members. Each faction occu- pied the church on alternate Sundays. Revs. Prentice, Jones, and Green succeeded Mr. Dye until the decease of Rev. Sir. Rector, in 1865, after which Rev. Mr. Thorp supplied them occasionally, for a short time, and the church was abandoned. There have been deacons : Old School, Thomas Brayton, Aaron Bowen ; New School, Robert Beach. The present trustees are Robert Beach, Philip Brayton, John P. Faulkner. The church was a fine building, but has been suffered to fall into decay. THE UNIVERSALIS! CHURCH. This society was organized at Rogersville through the efforts of Rev. Asa Upson soon after the opening of the seminary, in 1848, and in 1852 a church was built in the village at a cost of S2800. Joseph Phelps, Elisha Robin- son, and John M. Bryant were trustees. This church was dedicated by Rev. J. H. Tabor. Among the early mem- bers were John Robinson, Joshua Healy, Uriah Upson, Jerome B. Phelps, Humphrey Stevens. Pastors, O. B. Clark, Asa Upson, T. H. Tabor, Rev. Mr. Austin, E. M. Whitney, Rev. Mr. Payne. The society has ceased to exist since 1866. An evangelical society was formed in the north part of the town in 1863, and a church built on Oak Hill, which was burned soon after. A second one was subsequently erected at an expense of S900. Fred. Hanna and wife were leading members. A Roman Catholic church was built of logs in the north German settlement in 1834. These have both been merged in stronger societies in ad- joining towns. MILITARY RECORD OF DANSVILLE. George M. Morrison, sergl., Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl.Sopt. 11, 1862. William 0. Sylvester, corp., Co. F, 14l3t N. Y. Inf.; cnl. Sept. 11, 1862. Joseph C. Newcomb, Corp., Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Thomas W. Cotton, Corp., Co. F, 14Ist N. Y. Inf.: enl. Sept. 11, 1862. William B. Ames, Co, F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. George B. Burditt, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Leister B:iker, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf ; enl. .Sept. 11, 1S62. Joseph S. Flint, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Albert Goodeno, Co. F, 141stN. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11,1862. John Gnty, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Benjamin & Johnson, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Edward A. Kreidler, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. George Owston, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. M.ithias Pomroy, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1S62. Liscomb K. Robinson, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Nelson B. P.oot, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. William D. Sylvester, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Lyman Wellington, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; died in Ander- sonville, Ga., prison. Bruce Luther, sergl., Co. B, l.^eth N. Y. Inf. John C. Drehmer, sergt., Co. B, i:S6th N. Y. Inf. John C. Wheaton, sergt., Co. B, l:i6th N. Y. Inf. William L. Lookins, sergt., Co. B, 136lh N. Y. Inf. Dorr Faulkner, Corp., Co. B, l:l6lh N. Y. Inf George Dolph. Co. B, VMU\ N. Y Inf. Martin L. An.leison, Co. B, 136th N. Y. Inf. W. Seymour Babcock, Co. B, l:i6th N. Y. Inf. Aaron B. Baker, Co. B, 130th N. Y. Inf. Patrick Finn, Co. B, 136th N. Y. Inf. Baldess Foot, Co. B, 13Cth N. Y. Inf. Amariah Boylan, Co. B, 130th N. Y. Inf. Egbert Gors, Co. B, 13Clh N. Y. Inf John Heller, Co. B, 130th N. Y. Inf William Sliffy, Corp., Co. D, UlU N. Y. Art.; enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Warren Preston, Co. D, 14lh >'. Y. Art. ; enl. Sept. 12, 1863. George Cunningham, Co. D, 14th N. Y. Art. ; enl. Sept. 12, 1863. James E. Fulton, Co. D, 14th N. Y. Art ; enl. Sept. 12, 1863. William Goode, Co. D, 14th N. Y. Art.; enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Thomas Hughes, Co. D, 14th N. Y. Art. ; enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Harrison Morehess, wounded at second Bull Run. Thomas H. Levers, 130th N. Y. Inf. Joseph H. Bowen, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. David Bowen, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf Stephen B. Clark, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. Russell B. Carrington, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf. William L. Flint, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. George Frisby, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf. George Owston, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; killed. Nelson B. Root, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. Abram Russell, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. George Sherer, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. Inf. G. C. Sylvester, 141st N. Y. Inf. E. Wellington, Co. B, 13th N. Y. Inf. Fred Wellington, 13th N. Y. Inf. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. MICHAEL WEBER, son of John J. and Maria A. Weber, was born in Ger- many, March 6, 1826. He received a common-school education. He emigrated to America, and settled at Pitts- ford, Monroe Co., N. Y., in July, 1848, and remained about six months, during which time he worked on a farm; then settled in Wayland, Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1849, and worked for his cousin, Frederick Westerman, on the farm and at lumberiuE'. He then farmed on shares for some MRS.ANN-A f/IARlA WEBER. I^ICHAEL WEBER. r^^M^-^:^:':^l-7 ■'r- ' ^>t^:^y-'--' Residence of MICHAEL weber, dansville, srEuecNCo.NY Dorcas Shipimn. Isaac Shipman. .1 -j.ji . ISAAC SHIPMAN.D/*.'. TOWN OF DANSVILLE. 285 ISAAC SHIPMAN. The ancestors oF the subject of this sketch came from Germany. Mathias Shipman, grandfather of Isaac, was a native of New Jersey. He had several children, of whom one was Mathias, Jr. Mathias, Sr., died in New Jersey, where his wife also died. Mathias, Jr., was a native of New Jersey. He married Catherine Kline, who was also a native of that State. Miss Catherine Kline's grand- parents were born in Germany, and settled in Greenwich, eight years, and purchased his present beautiful home in the spring of 1863. His farm consists of one hundred and ninety acres of good, improved land, on wliich are some of the best farm buildings in this section, a fine view of which, with portraits of himself and wife, may be seen elsewhere in this work. His parents came to America and settled in Pittsford, i N. Y., in 1852. They bought a home in Dansviile, Liv- ingston Co., N. Y., the same year, and continued to reside there till their death. His father died in October, 1865, and his mother in September, 1872. They had five chil- dren, — one son and four daughters, — all of whom are liv- ing, and each of whom has a family. Michael Weber married Anna Maria, daughter of Michael and Mary Sandel, of Lehigh Co., Pa., Oct. 31, 1854. She was born Nov. 2!), 1830, and removed to Dansviile, Liv- ingston Co., N. Y., in the spring of 1832, in company with her parents, who died in that town. Mr. and Mrs. Weber have six children, viz., Julius, Mary, Elizabeth, George, William, Carrie, and Emma, all of whom are now at home. Mr. Weber was a member of the Lutheran Church in Germany, but has not united with any religious body since coming to America. Mrs. Weber is a member of the Reformed Churcli, but both are attendants on the Presby- terian Church at Arkport. Mr. Weber is a representa- tive man of the town in which he resides, and is well deserving a place in this history. He affiliates with the Democratic party in his political convictions. N. J. Mr. and Mrs. Mathias Shipman had ten children, — five sons and five daughters, — of whom Isaac was the seventh child and fourth son. He was born in New Jersey, June 8, 1802, and left that State in company with his parents and family when but five years of age, and settled in Bloom, Columbia Co., Pa., where his parents died. His father was a farmer, and Isaac remained on the farm till 1824, when he settled at Sparta, Livingston Co., N. Y., where he remained one year. He then wont to Canada, and remained about a year ; then returned to Sparta, and remained there till 1833, when he settled on Oak Hill, in the town of Dansviile, where he resided till the spring of 1870, when he settled on his present fine farm of some ninety-eight acres, a view of which, with his residence and portraits of himself and wife, appear on another page of this work. Mr. Shipman \»as engaged in a distillery some seven years after leaving his father's farm, since which he has followed farming. He married Dorcas, daughter of Isaac and Sarah Berry, of Pennsylvania, March 4, 1830. She was born Sept. 19, 1807, in Columbia Co., Pa. They have had seven chil- dren, viz., William, Elizabeth, ^Mathias, Catherine, Jack- son, Alonzo, and one who died in infancy. Elizabeth married John Lyman Wellington, of Rogersville, by whom four children were born. John L. Wellington was a sol- dier in Company F, 141st Regiment, New York Volunteers, was in several engagements, taken prisoner, and died while in prison at Danville, Va. Mathias and Catherine arc at home. Alonzo was a soldier in Company K, 1st Regiment, New York Dragoons, mustered into .service at Portage, N. Y., Aug. 20, 1862, promoted to corporal, Dec. 10, 1863, and died at Finly Hospital, Washington, D. C, Aug. 18, 1864, from the effects of a wound received at TreviJlion, June 11, 1864. He was a brave and gallant soldier and a true patriot. All the rest of the children are dead. Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Shipman are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Burns. In politics Mr. Shipman was formerly a Jack.son Demo- crat, but of late years he has been a staunch Republican. v-ft;. E R W I N. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This town lies west of Corning, and was formed from Painted Post, July 27, 1826. Lindley was taken off in 1837, and a part of Corning was annexed in 1856. The surface of the town is about equally divided between high rolling uplands, and the broad alluvial valleys of the streams. The hills rise from* four to six hundred feet above the valleys, which are from one to two miles wide. The Tioga and Canisteo Rivers unite in the southern part of the town ; the Tioga and Conliocton in the northeast part, forming the Chemung River. SOIL AND PRODUCTS. The lands of this town are divided into valleys and hills, three-fifths of which, perhaps, belong to the latter division. Nearly the whole of them in the valleys of the Conhocton, Tioga, and Canisteo are improved. The soil is a deposit of rich alluvium, well adapted to the growth of cereals, roots, and most of the choice fruits, and many of the farms are now carefully and scientifically cultivated. The hills, where the sides are not too precipitous (and this is rarely the case, though some of them reach an altitude of nearly six hundred feet above the rivers), are all tillable, and their soils of loam and clay generally produce good crops and are well adapted to fruit and grazing. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlement in Steuben County was made within the bounds of this town. In 1786, William Harris, a Pennsylvania Indian trader, established his cabin and trading-post near the north end of the bridge which now spans the Conhocton River, in the village of Painted Post. While he was in Pennsylvania on a visit, about Christmas, 1787, his house was burned. This is the circumstance re- ferred to by Judge MoMaster in the following description of Judge Baker's visit to Painted Post, with his Indian guide, from his log cabin up the Tioga River, just beyond the Pennsylvania line : " On the morning of Christmas day, in the year 1787, a backwoodsman and an Indian issued from the door of a log cabin, which stood half buried in snow on the point of land lying between the Cowanesque Creek and the Tioga River, at the junction of those streams, and set forth on the ice of the river for a journey to the settlers below. They were clad according to the rude fashion of the fron- tiers and the forest, in garments partly obtained by barter from outpost traders, and partly stripped by robbery from the beasts of the forest. Tomahawks and knives were stuck in their belts, snow-shoes were bound to their feet, and knapsacks of provisions were lashed to their backs. 286 Such was the equipment deemed necessary for travelers in Steuben County not a century ago ■' The pioneer and his savage comrade pursued their journey on the ice. The Tioga was then a wild and free river. From its source, far up in the ' Magnolia Hills' of the old provincial maps, down to its union with the equally wild and free Conhocton, no device of civilized man fretted its noble torrent. A single habitation of human beings stood upon its banks, the log cabin at the mouth of the Cowanesque. . . . But it bore now upon its frozen surface the forerunner of an unresting race of lumbermen and far- mers, who in a few years invaded its peaceful solitudes, dammed its wild flood, and hewed down its lordly forests, through which it flowed. The travelers kept on their course beyond the mouth of the Canisteo to the Painted Post. Here they expected to find the cabin of one Harris, a trader, where they might have lodgings for the night, and, if necessary for the comfort of the savage breast, a draught from ' the cup which cheers (and also inebriates).' On their arrival at the head of the Chemung, however, they found that the cabin had been destroyed by fire. The trader had either been murdered by the Indians, or de- voured by wild beasts, or else he had left the country, and Steuben County was in consequence depopulated. " Disappointed in this hope, the two travelers continued their journey on the ice as far as Big Flats. Here night overtook them. They kindled a fire on the bank of the river, and laid them down to sleep. The air was intensely cold. It was one of those clear, still, bright nights, when the moon seems an iceberg, and the stars are bright and sharp like hatchets. The savage rolled himself up in his blanket, lay with his back to the fire, and did not so much as stir till the morning; but his companion, though framed of that stout stufi' out of which backwoodsmen are built, could not sleep for the intensity of the cold. At midnight a pack of wolves chased a deer from the woods to the river, seized the wretched animal on the ice, tore it to pieces, and devoured it within ten rods of the encampment. Early in the morning the travelers arose and went their way to the settlements below, the first of which was Newtown, on the site of the present village of Elmira. " The backwoodsman was Samuel Baker, a New Eng- lander, afterwards well known to our citizens as Judge Baker, of Pleasant Valley." SURVEYORS AT PAINTED POST. That portion of the Phelps and (rorham purchase which now constitutes Steuben County was surveyed into townships by Augustus Porter, Frederick Saxton, and others, in the summer of 1789. Judge Porter, in his narrative published in Turner's History of the Holland Purchase, says with regard EOWARD TOWNSEND EDWARD TOWNSEND. Henry A. Townsend was of English origin. He settled in Bath before the year 1800, and was the second county clerk of Steuben County. He was associated with such men as Governors Clinton and Tompkins. He was a warm advocate of all the improvements; was a member of the Legislature of this State in 1809, and made his influence felt for good. He finally settled at Cold Springs, where he was engaged in the man- ufacture of paper and woolen goods. He purchased his mill property of Gen. McClure, and erected the first paper-mill in the county. He married Elizabeth MoflBt, of Orange Co., N. Y., by whom several children were born, of whom Edward was one. His wife died, and he married a Miss Elizabeth Hull, of Connecticut, by whom one daughter — Sarah — was born. He died Oct. 23, 1837. Edward Townsend, son of Henry A., was horn in the year 1799. He received an academic education, and was studying law at Albany when his health gave out, and he was compelled to seek out-door employment. He married Eliza, eldest child of Capt. Samuel Erwin, Novemljer, 1821. Miss Eliza Erwin was born Oct. 15, 1801, at Easton, Pa., and settled in Erwin with her parents in 1803. As the result of the above union, one son — Edward Erwin Townsend — was born, Jan. 23, 1825, at Athens, Pa., whither his parents had gone to reside on a farm. Edward Townsend was injured by the kick of a horse, from the effects of which he died nine days after, about 1826. Soon after the death of her husband, Mrs. Town- send left her home in Alliens, Pa., and with her little son, Edward E., came to Erwin to reside with her parents, Capt. Samuel Erwin and wife. After the death of her mother, in 1860, she settled on her farm where she now resides. Mrs. Townsend has been a member of the Presbyterian Churcii for more than fifty-five years. Edward Erwin Townsend lived with his uncle, Gen. F. E. Erwin, after the death of his father until his mar- riage to Miss Nancy L. Jerome, Sept. 7, 1848. She was born in Suffolk Co., N. Y., March 12, 1826. Of this union eight children were born, three of whom are living, viz.: F. E. and Arthur E., now residing in Cali- fornia, and Annie L., now at home with her f»arents. Mr. Townsend received a common-school and academic education. He settled on his present farm soon after marriage. He is one of the solid Republicans of Erwin. He is postmaster at present. Besides having the charge of a large farm, he has charge of the depot, which he built principally. (Chotos ev Evans ) ^y^aot. ^^ t^-,- JOHN M. PATTEKSON. John M. Patterson, son of Benjamin and Sarah Patterson, was born in Erwin, March 23, 1804. Benjamin was born in Loudon Co., Va., Sept., 1759. He was a farmer by ocoupation, and learned the trade of blacksmith when young. He served through the Revolutionary war as a soldier, and during a portion of this time he acted as a spy on the frontier, for which he received extra remuneration. Benjamin left Virginia when a very young child, in com- pany with his mother, for Bald Eagle, Pa., where Mrs. Patterson's parents ( Benjamin Boone and wife) then resided. This was Benjamin Patter- son's home till he became a resident of Northumberland Co., Pa., from wbioh place he removed to Corning, then "Painted Post," May, 1797. At the close of the Revolutionary war he returned home and remained till he was called to be a soldier under General Sullivan. He was in several battles, some of which were very severe. He was present at the burial of those who were massacred at Wyoming of historic fame. He had charge of the boats on their return to Northumberland from Athens (then Tioga Point). He married three times. First, to Jemima Price, of Pennsylvania, of whom one son, Samuel, wafl born. Second, to Mary Taggart, of North- umberland, of whom three children were born, viz., Thomas, Hannah, and Mary. Third, to Mrs. Sarah Shannon, formerly Sarah McCalla, of Bucks Co., Pa., but at this time of Northumberland Co., Pa., married in 1795, of whom three children were born, viz., Robert, Sarah, and John M. Mr. Patterson kept public house at Knoxville, town of Coming, some six years, and then purchased a farm of Hugh Erwin, in the town of Erwin, then " Painted Post," in 1803, where he continued to reside until his death, which ooonrred July 2, 1830. Mrs. Patterson died July 6, 1849. Mr. Pat- terson was closely identified with all the material and religious interests of the town in which he lived, and his home was often the resort for ministers of various denominations. He held various town offices, such as commis- sioner and supervisor of Painted Post. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his wife of the Presbyterian Society. He was em- ployed by Captain Chas. Williamson, in 1792, to conduct a company of two hundred and thirty emigrants from Williamsport, Pa., to the Genesee River, to a place now known as Mount Morris, then " Big Tree." After the Revolutionary war he was chosen captain in the State militia, and was known by some as Captain Patterson. John M. was reared among the scenes of pioneer life, receiving a com- mon-school education, with General Francis Erwin and his family, also General W. D. Knox, and Captain John P. Knox, and many other old pioneer boys and girls of whom mention is made in this history. He was reared a farmer, which honorable calling he haa followed through life. He remained at home till his father's death, when he came in possession of one-half of his father's farm. He continued to reside there till 1872, having added some two hundred and fifty acres more, besides land in other parts ; in all, he had five hundred and forty acres of land. Mr. Patterson has been quite extensively engaged as a stock-grower, and was one of the best farmers in the town. He now owns some two hundred and forty acres. He removed to Painted Post in the spring of 1872, and to the place where he now resides in 1873. In politics formerly a Jackson Democrat, of late years he sustains men rather than party. He has been for many years commissioner and assessor of Erwin. Mr. and Mrs. Patterson are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Painted Post, and have been for more than fifty years. He is a temperance man, and a liberal supporter of the society to which he belongs. He married Mary, daughter of Samuel and Temperance Cook, March 28, 1826. Mrs. Patterson waa born Aug. 16, 1807, in Painted Post, now Lindley. Her parents wore natives of New Jersey, and removed into Steuben County, while they were yet children, with their parents. Mrs. Patterson's great-grandfather came from England and settled on Long Island. Her grandfather, David Cook, served in the Revolutionary war as lieutenant ; was by occupation a farmer, and died at the age of eighty- eight. Her father, Samuel Cook, was born on Long Island, in 1779, Jan. 30 ; married Temperance Van Wey, of New Jersey, about 1803 or 1804, of whom nine children were born. He died Sept. 8, 1864, and Mrs. Cook died Feb. 9, 1843. By the union of Mr. and Mrs. Patterson six children were born, viz.. Temperance S., Sarah A., Harriet C, Robert H., Alfred D., and Samuel B. TOWN OF ERWIN. 287 to the survey, '■ While engaged in it we made our head- quarters at Painted Post, on the Conhocton River, at the house of old Mr. Harris and his son William. These two men, Mr. Goodhue, who lived near by, and Mr. Mead, who lived at the mouth of Mead's Creek, were the only persons then on the territory we were surveying." It seems that Mr. Harris did not become discouraged by the burning of his establishment in the winter of 1787, but subsequently returned and rebuilt his house, and had a comfortable place for the entertainment of the surveyors in 1789. FIRST PURCHASE OF ERWIN. Early in the summer of 1789, while the surveyors were yet at work in this vicinity. Colonel Arthur Erwin, from Erwina, Bucks Co., Pa., came to Painted Post with a drove of cattle, which he was driving to Canandarque (now Canandaigua). While resting his cattle here he employed an Indian guide, mounted his pony, and explored the surinunding country. The situation and sceneiy so delighted him that he resolved at once upon purchasing a tract of land in this vicinity. On his arrival at Canandaigua he proceeded immediately to the office of Messrs. Phelps and Gorham, inquired if the land was for .sale, and made them an offer for the land, which is now the town of Erwin. They were to take in part pay- ment his drove of cattle, and the remainder was to be paid in gold. The next morning the offer was accepted, and within twenty-four hours after the deed was signed. Colonel Eleazer Lindley arrived, and made an offer for the same township. He, however, subsequently purchased the town of Lindley. The first time the name of Painted Post appears in any record or legal document is in the deed of conveyance to Colonel Arthur Erwin, which we here copy as a matter of curious interest to the reader. It is undoubtedly the oldest deed in Steuben County. THE PEKD. " To (ill pers'iitg tn trhiim lliete presents aJmlt coitte, yreetliKj : Know ye, that I, Oliver Phelps, now of Canandarque, county of Ontario, and State of New York, Esquire, for and in consideration of the sum of £1400 lawful money of the State of New York, to me in hand paid before the ensealing hereof, by Arthur Arwin, of Bucks County, t-tate of Pennsylvania, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge, and am fully satisfied, contented, and paid, have given, granted, bar- gained, sold, aliened, released, conveyed, .and confirmed, and by these presents do freely, clearly, and absolutely give, grant, bargain, sell, alien, release, convey, and confirm unto him, the said Arthur Arwin, his heirs and assigns forever, the certain jiiece or parcel of land lying in the county of Ontario, in the said State of New York, being town- ship Xo. 2, in the second range of towns, being north of Penns^'lvania line, and si.x miles west of Massachusetts pre-emption, being si.\ miles square, containing 23,040 acres, known by the name of Painted Post, to have ayiri to hold the before-granted premises, with the appurten- ances and privileges thereunto belonging, to him, the said Arthur Arwin, his heirs and assigns, to him and his own proper use, benefit, and behoof forever more. And I, the said Oliver Phelps, do iiind myself, my heirs, and executors, and administrators do covenant, promise, and grant unto and with the said Arthur Arwin, his heirs and assigns forever, that before and until the ensealing hereof, I am the true, sole, proper, and lawful owner and possessor of the before- granted premises, with the appurtenances, and have in myself good right, full power, and lawful authority to give, grant, bargain, sell, alien, release, convey, and confirm the same, as aforesaid, and that free and clear, and freely and clearly executed, acquitted and dis- charged of and from all former and other gifts, grants, and bargains, sales, leases, mortgages, wills, entails, jointures, doweries, thirds, exe- cutions, and encumbrances whatsoever. And furthermore, T, the said Oliver Phelps, for myself, my heirs, executors, and administrators, do hereby covenant, promise, and engage the before-granted premises, with the appurtenances, unto him, the said Arthur Arwin, his heirs and assigns forever, to warrant, secure, and defend against the lawful claims and demands of any person or persons whatsoever. " hi witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this eighteenth day of July, one thousand seven hundred and eighty- nine. "Oliver Phelps. [l. s.] "Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of " Amos Hall, "John Cott." "This deed, and deed of confirmation, from Nathaniel Gorham, were recorded at Albany, Feb. 9, 1792, by request of Joseph Erwin. They were also recorded in the County Clerk's Office at Bath, Juno 4, 1870, in Book of Deeds 12S, pages 27.3-276." TOWN OF PAINTED POST. ORIGIN OF THE NAME. The name "Painted Post" originated in the erection by the Indians of a monument to the memory of the brave Seneca chief, Ca nt. JMontour. who died in the year 1779, from wounds received at the battle of Freeling's Fort. "This account," says Mr. Chas. H. Erwin, "we get from Mr. Taggart, a young man, who was at the time a prisoner under the notorious Tory Capt. McDonald, and was present at the burial." The celebrated Seneca chief, C ornplantei u being inter- viewed by Capt. Samuel Adams, in 1833, said that "a great chief and brave was there taken sick and died, and was buried under the shade of an elm, on the north side near the mouth of the Conhocton River, and that he (Cornplanter) was one of the council that placed over the grave a post stained with the juice of wild berries to mark the spot." The spot on which it stood, and remained standing for many years after the first settlers came into the country, was within a few feet of the northeast corner of the wagon- shop of Messrs. Stout & Hurd, erected in the spring of 1860, and was repeatedly identified to persons now living by such early settlers as Edmund C. Cooper, Capt. Samuel and Francis Erwin, Robert Patterson, and Samuel Cook. For many years the " painted post" was a noted land- mark throughout the frontier regions of Western New York and Northern Pennsylvania. That it was a favorite haunt of the red man long previous to its settlement by the whites, is abundantly indicated by the great number of relics of Indian occupation found scattered in and around the place. Stone hatchets, flint arrow-heads, lance-points, pottery, mor- tars, and many other mementos of the past, and curiosities of the present, have here been gathered and preserved. They are chiefly pre-historic, showing that the occupancy of the Indians must have been at a period prior to their inter- course with the whites, although at a later period it was un- doubtedly a place of rendezvous for the wandering tribes and war-parties passing back and forward through the country. The fact that it was chosen as a burial-place of the chief, Montour, shows that it must have been a place for which the Indians entertained considerable ancestral reverence. Since the white people have occupied the spot, it has not 288 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. been an uncommon occurrence, in excavating for cellars and digging post-holes, to come upon graves in which have been found the bones of Indians, pottery, arrows, and other relics. In 1847, Mr. Erwin, in sinking a post-hole on the south- west corner of his residence lot, exhumed an Indian skele- ton, and in the same grave found an arrow-point as white as marble, and pieces of broken pottery. In 1860 another Indian skeleton was unearthed, while excavating the cellar of the Bronson block, on the southwest corner of Hamilton and Water Streets. This grave contained the bones of a very large person, the thigh and arm bones being of an unusual length. It was buried in a sitting posture; in the same grave were broken but well-preserved pieces of Indian pottery and arrow-heads, showing that he had been amply provided with ammunition and cooking utensils for the long journey to the happy hunting-grounds. The old town of Painted Post was organized as a part of Ontario County in 1793, and was represented by its super- visor, Mr. Eli Mead, in the board which met at Cauandui- gua. Mr. Mead went on foot, by Indian trails, through the vast wilderness nearly seventy miles to meet his associates from the different scattered settlements at the county-seat. There was scarce a habitation on his route, and he was compellod to " take his hotel and bar in a knapsack upon his back in the daytime, and use them for a pillow at night, under the protecting roof of the dense foliage of the trees near his path." When the county of Steuben was erected in 1796, Painted Post became one of its original towns. It comprised the territory now embraced in the six towns of Hornby, Campbell, Erwin, Lindley, Corning, and Caton. The first division occurred in 1826, when Erwin and Hornby (including Campbell and Lindley ) were taken off, leaving Painted Post reduced to townships numbers one and two in the first range, or Caton and Corning. Cuton was taken off as " Wormley" in 1839, reducing Painted Post to the single town of Corning, to which name it was changed on the 31st of March, 1852. We have desired to obtain a complete list of the super- visors and other town ofiicers of Painted Post during the time it was a town of Steuben County, but owing to the loss of the records, and the absence of reliable verbal in- formation, we have been unable to do so. We find that Benjamin Patterson was supervisor of the town in 1806, and we have olitained from miscellaneous records in the county clerk's office tke following list since 1823: Thomas McBurney, 1823-24; John Knox, 1825; Thomas McBur- ney, 1826-27 ; John Knox, 1828-29 ; Henry H. Matthews, 1830-32; Daniel Gorton, 18.33-34; William Bonham, 1835; Samuel K. Wolcott, 1836; John McBurney, 1837-38; H. II. Matthews, 1839; Thomas A. Johnson, 1840-41; John McBurney, 1842-43; John Sly, Jr., 1844; Thomas A. Johnson, 1845-46; H. B. Noyce, 1847; Jonathan Brown, 1848; Benjamin P. Bailey, 1849-50 ; Daniel B. Cump,ston, 1851. PROGRE.S.S OF SETTLEMENT. David Fuller with his family settled in the town in the autumn of 1789 ; Eli and Eldad Mead, in 1790 ; Capt. Samuel Erwin and his brother Francis, David and Jona- than Cook, Capt. Howell Bull, and several others, in 1792. The first hotel, called the Painted Post Hotel or Tavern, was built by David Fuller in the spring of 1790 ; it was of round logs, one and a half stories, contained two rooms, and was located near the north end of the Conhocton bridge. Mr. Fuller was an agent and tenant of Col. Arthur Erwin, and for a long time the popular landlord of the hotel. NARR.ATIVE 01' THE LATE SAMUEL COOK. " In the summer of 1792, I came with my father and family to Painted Post. Our goods from Tioga Point were pushed in a canoe up the Chemung and Conhocton Rivers by my father, and our cattle, sheep, and hogs were driven along the banks by my mother and sister and the children. In the Chemung Narrows we were met by a large party of Indians who were going to Tioga Point to make a treaty. At first my mother was very much frightened, but the In- dians were very civil, and passed us with their friendly salutation of ' sac/wo,' how do you do ? or ' sachoo-cacho,' how are you, my friend ? We met with no other unusual incident until we reached and landed at a log tavern sit- uated on the north shore of the Conhocton River, near the end of the bridge built there that spring. This tavern was kept by David Fuller, with whom my father and family boai'ded some days, or until he found a log shanty situated near the Post Creek road, into which he moved. I was then thirteen, and now I am eighty-one years old. Jjph- raim Patterson was then living in a house on the west bank of Post Creek, just above the Chimney Narrows; Ichabod, his son, was living in another, situated upon the farm re- membered as Nehemiah Hubbell's (father of Hon. Wm. S. Hubbell, of Bath, and Philo P. Hubbell, of Winona, Minn.) ; and Frederick Calkins was then living on the south side of the Chemung River, nearly opposite the Chimney Narrows. We lived in this shanty a little more than a year, then moved up to Mr. Lindley's, who was just commencing a new settlement, and built a log house near where Col. Mor- gan now lives. In 1793 or 1794 there was a log grist-mill built on Post Creek, just above Patterson's house. " In 1795, Benjamin Eaton opened the first store in the town,* if not in the county, for the benefit of civilization. It was situated upon the ground now used for the highway, at the head of the street leading from Knoxville to Corning Bridge. A man by the name of Comstock, from the mouth of Goodhue Creek, up the Canisteo, and myself, then nearly sixteen years old, started in a canoe for Wattles' Ferry (now Unadilla) after his first stock of goods. We floated down the Chemung River to Tioga Point, then poled up the Susquehanna to Wattles' Ferry, drawing our boat upon the shore at night and sleeping under the trees upon the banks. We reached our destination in five days, where we found Mr. Eaton, who had gone by land. The stock of goods was too large for our canoe, though it was a very large one, which compelled Mr. Eaton to purchase another small one, for which he paid one gallon of whisky. We loaded the canoes, and took charge of the small one, and we started down the river on our return. The water was low and the boats heavily laden, and we were frequently compelled to unload and ' tote" the bundles past the rapids. Without * In what is now the town of Corning. C^a^^^ Phutos Sr EfAHs.CoMiiiHij n 1 ?ubly productive by his course of farming. He has made agriculture a study, and enjoys an enviable reputation as a successful farmer He has four g«od houses and ten barns, some of which are very large. He has made his farm by ditching and by the judicious use of manure and plaster. A view of his home may be seen opposite. In politics he was a Jackson Demo- crat, but later joined the Whig party, and became a Republican when that party was organized. He has heldvarious town offices both here and in Chenango County. He has been assessor several terms, supervisor of Erwin from 1871 to 1872. He has been a delegate several times to district, county, congressional, senatorial, and State conventions, and was elected to the State Legislature in 1867, and served one term. He was an associate judge of the county court from 1840 to 1846. In all his official positions he has given general satisfaction. Mrs. Balcom is a member of the Presbyterian society, and Mr. Balcom is a regular attendant of the various societies, though not a member of any. He married Miss Clarissa HoUenbeck, daughter of Abram and Margaret HoUenbeck, of Greene, Chenango Co., N. T., July 12, 1820. She was born Sept. 7, 1799, in Greene, N. Y. Of this union six children were born, viz.: Mary E., Samuel, Margaret, Charles, Su.san P., and Jane E., all living save Mary, who died July 30, 1869. Mr. Balcom has taken the premium several times for fine stock, and was president of the Agricultural Society several years ago ; also vice-jjresident. He was a director of the Steuben County Bank for several years. Mr. and Mrs. Balcom had their golden wedding July 12, 1870, at which time were gathered their children and grandchildren and other members of the family, also a very large number of their neighbors and friends. TOWN OP ERWIN. 289 serious accident, but with severe toil, we arrived safely at home with tlie first stock of merchandise." In 1801, John E. Evans came to Painted Post and boarded with Benjamin Patterson. He afterwards pur- chased a farm about a mile and a half soutli of the village, and built a house (the farm now owned by C. F. Piatt). Mr. Evans was born in the city of London, England, and came to Philadelphia in 1800. Before leaving England he had been liberally educated. He possessed those active and business qualifications which made him a leading man in the early settlement of this portion of Steuben County. He taught the first school in the town, and numbered among his pupils Robert and John Patterson, Gen. F. E. Erwin, of Painted Post; Gen. Wm. D. Knox, of Junction City, Kas. ; John Erwin, Esq., of Cleveland, 0. ; Col. F. E. Young, of Hornellsville ; Thomas Wheat, Arthur H. Erwin, John McBurney, Samuel Shannon, Philander Knox, and many other well-remembered names. During the war of 1812 he was collector of revenue, afterwards postmaster. He was the first clerk in the town of Erwin, was re-elected six times ; was justice of the peace ; and in all his public and ofiicial positions maintained a character for capacity, honor, and integrity. He died, Feb. 27, 1854, at the age of seventy, leaving his second wife and three children. In the early spring of 1803, Capt. Samuel Erwin re- moved with his family to Painted Post from Easton, Pa. His furniture and goods were carted to Wilke.sbarre, the metropolis of the far-famed Wyoming Valley, on the Sus- quehanna lliver, and there shipped on a Durham boat and brought up the rivers to Painted Post. Capt. Erwin, wife and daughter, the latter then about fifteen months old (now Mrs. Eliza E. Townsend, living with her son, Edward E. Townsend, at the " Pines," four miles south of the village), came the entire distance on horseback, he carrying the child on a pillow in front of him. The distance was about three hundred miles. After a short delay at the house of David Fuller they moved into their new residence, a log house, situated a few rods east and south of the old log barn still standing upon the farm now owned by Gen. Francis E. Erwin, about a mile and a half west of the village. They lived in that house until about 1811, when they moved into the log tavern formerly owned and occu- pied by David Fuller, where they remained till 1823. Charles H. Erwin, the youngest son of Capt. Samuel Erwin, was born in the town of Erwin, where he still resides, April 30, 1822. By this time there had been made in various parts of the town many new settlements. George Young, father of Col. Francis E. Young, and of Clement H. Young, of Corning ; Edmund C. Cooper, father of Levi C. Cooper, of Painted Post, settled in the town about 1823. Mr. Young, then a single man, was from Philadelphia. DIVISION OF THE ERWIN ESTATE. After the death of Col. Arthur Erwin his property was by allotment divided equally between his ten children, who were all then living. Of the number, Capt. Samuel, Francis, Maj. Arthur, Mrs. Rebecca McKcan, and Mrs. Mulhollon, became settlers upon their portions in the town of Erwin. The other bi'others and sisters, except Mrs. 37 Dr. John Cooper, subsequently disposed of their property in the town, chiefly to the brothers and sisters who had settled here. " Captain Sam" and " Uncle Frank," as they were usually called, came into possession of their portion, upon which the village now stands, and Maj. Arthur of the extreme southwestern portion of the town. The division was made by commissioners chosen by the heirs of Col. Arthur Erwin, pursuant to an act of the Legislature, passed March IC, 1785, consisting of John Konkle, Eleazcr Lindley, and Henry McCormick. A map of the town of Erwin, showing the several allotments made to each heir, may be found in the county clerk's office of Steuben County. THE TOWN IN 1812. In 1812 the settlement had grown to a size that required them to assist in adjusting the national difficulties with England. A day was appointed for determining, by draft, who should have the honor of defending our rights and privileges from the Tories. The draft was made in Bath, and several residing at Painted Post were chosen, among whom were Abner Trowbridge, Edmund C. Cooper, James Gillen, Thomas Wheat, and several more whose names can- not be obtained. Joseph Gillett, then living on Little Flats, below Corning, was a lieutenant in the regiment, and was wounded. Judge Thomas McBurney also held a com- mission. Edmund C. Cooper procured a substitute. Daniel Mulhollon, since removed to Jasper, enlisted twice before the draft ; the first time his father obtained a release, con- trary to his wishes ; lie enlisted again, and in one of the battles in Canada lost his left hand, or rather, had it so severely wounded that amputation was necessary. The drafted men were engaged in several battles. Lieut. Joseph Gillett was wounded, and compelled to come home. He detached from his company Sir. Trowbridge to accompany him, and neglecting to have this put properly upon record, Mr. Trowbridge was, very unjustly, put down as a deserter. Mr. Erwin, who states this fact in his pamphlet (Hist. Painted Post), says, " A truer patriot never went to war." Those who were called out upon the second draft did not reach the scene of action before peace was declared. " THE GREAT PUMPKIN FLOOD." In the autumn of 1817, the town was visited with what has been designated the " great pumpkin flood." At this time few, if any, of the settlements extended far beyond the river-flats, and the waters overflowed the banks and swept nearly all the late produce oft". The pumpkins, which upon the rich soil had grown in great abundance and to a great size, were very conspicuous, covering the face of the deep, swift current. The experience of a pioneer, which probably resembled that of many others, is given by Mr. Samuel Cook, as follows : " My father was then living in a log house, just above and on the opposite side of Tioga River from Erwin Centre. We had on the second floor, which was made of split hewn logs, some corn in the ear. The flood had driven two families to our house, and my father brought the sheep to the house in a canoe, and we shoveled the corn back, raised the floor and put the sheep in the second story. The water came in on the first floor and 290 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. then we all went up into the second story, where we re- mained until morning, — three families, eleven sheep, and the corn, with scarce room enough for either alone. " In tlie morning the waters threatened to cover the second floor, and my father took the families and the sheep out of the window into the canoe, and to the hill-side which was near by. During the day five stacks of wheat and oats floated off' and went out of sight down the river, two of which were afterwards recovered (every sheaf, I believe) ; having floated over two miles, they were found landed right side up upon the head of MulhoUon's Island, opposite Edward E. Townsend's farm. It was to the settlers in these valleys the most disheartening event that had yet occurred, coming at that season, and before the crops were all gathered. Nearly every settler in the valleys of the Tioga, Canisteo, and Conhocton was victimized, and the destruction of property was only exceeded by the dis- appointment and suffering of the hard-toiling settlers." THE INUNDATION OP 1833. In 1833 the valleys of the Conhocton and Tioga were again inundated. This flood, being in the month of May, was occasioned alone by heavy showers. It came within twelve inches of reaching the height of the great flood of 1817, and was much more disastrous. Mills, manufac- tories, dwellings, bridges, lumber, cattle, sheep, and swine, were swept away by the swollen and remorseless current. Many reminiscences of this flood, and of the exciting and often ludicrous scenes which it presented, are yet vivid in the recollection of old settlers on the lower Conhocton. Says Mr. Erwin, speaking of its effect upon the river at Painted Post: '-Timothy W. Whiting and his partner, William Boardman, in an effort to secure .some lumber that had been rafted, floated past our town on two platforms of lumber that had broken loose, without oars. The water was so high that the ' grubs' touched the Conhocton bridge, and they had barely room, by lying flat upon the platforms, to pass under it. Under the Knoxville bridge they were compelled to drop into the water and hold on to the plat- forms. They were, however, rescued below the bridge and before reaching the canal-dam, but the lumber was lost." The narrator also recollects seeing " Jacob Bullman, a well- known hunter, now living in the wilds of Michigan, ride past on three slabs with only an edging for a setting-pole, and safely step off" upon the banks not a dozen feet from the bridge." THE GREAT FLOOD OP 1857. On the 10th of November, 1857, the waters of the Chemung River and its tributaries were higher than at any time before of which any record exists. About midday on the 9th the clouds gathered ; presently the rain commenced falling, and it continued in torrents until in the night. It seemed as if the flood-gates of heaven were opened, and the people of these valleys were to share the fate of the ante- diluvians. All night men went to and fro carrying lanterns, the scene reminding one of the Dismal Swamp with its fire- fly lamps multiplied. In the morning the excitement was fearful ; the waters were pouring into the low places and many of the houses. Steadily and rapidly the waters ac- cunmlated, and increased until the waves dashed against the planks of the bridges, which stood firmly, resisting the force of trees, logs, lumber, stumps, furniture, corn, pumpkins, produce and the flood-wood hurled against them. At three o'clock P.M. the waters were observed to be at a stand ; two hours later they were visibly falling, and the people felt a sense of relief from the impending danger. The next morn- ing presented a scene which baffles all attempts at description. The waters had risen in the night and complctelj' deluged all the flat lands, so that at Painted Post boats landed at the door of the hotel, and it was a " perfect sea of water from there to the mountains on the west of the Tioga River, or where the river should be." It is impossible to convey a just idea of the mi.sery, loss, and suffering which this flood entailed upon the inhabitants who lived within the field of its ravages. ORGANIZATION. The town of Erwin was organized, and held its first elec- tion, on the 7th of March, 1826, at the house of Daniel Rooks, Jr., which stood upon the site of the Erwin House, about four miles south of Painted Post. Ethan Pier, Esq., was the presiding officer. Capt. Samuel Erwin was elected the first supervisor, and John E. Evans the first town clerk. The town officers to 1878, inclusive, are as follows: LIST OP TOWN OPPICERS. Supervisors. Town Cleiks. C.il lectors. 1826. Samuel Erwin. John E. Evans. Silas Cook. 1827. " •' « « it it 1828. It ti It K_ ^RS. Peter Coven hoven CAPTAIN PETER COVENHOVEN. Tlie ancestors of the subject of this sketch came from Holland, and set- tled in New Jersey at a very early day. The first Covenhoven was named Peter. The paternal great-grandfather of Capt. Peter Covenhoven was named Peter, also, and was a native of New Jersey. He had a eon Albert, who was bom in Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. J. He married a Covenhoven, by whom eight children — four sons and four daughters — were born, of whom John was the fourth child, and was born at Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. J., Jan. 10, 1778. He was a farmer by occupation. He married Miss Mary Phillips, a native of Germantown, about 1800. Miss Mary Phillips' parents were bom in Germantown, N. Y., and grand- parents in Ireland ; the latter lived to be more than one hundred years of age. Of this union six children — four sens and two daughters — were born, of whom Peter was the second. John Covenhoven removed to Montgomery Co., N. T., when a mere child, in company with his parents, about the year 1781 or 1782. Albert Covenhoven was an officer in the Revolution, and died while a resident of Montgomery County. His wife died there also. John Covenhoven died Ajiril 23, 1815, and his wife married Ezekiel Roberts, by whom she had four children. She died Dec. 16, 1871, in her ninetieth year. Capt. Peter Covenhoven was born in Root, Montgomery Co., N. Y., April 22, 1803. He was reared a farmer, which honorable business he has con- tinued to follow ever since. He had no advantages whatever for an educa- tion, never having atteuded a school but six months in his life, yet ho has obtained by that same indomitable energy, which has ever characterized him through life, a good, practical education, by reading and reflection. His father dying when he was but twelve years of age, he commenced to work on a farm by the year, at three dollars a month. With this he clothed himself, and at the end of the year had fourteen dollars left.. He con- tinued to work by the month and year for nine years. At the age of twenty-one he had saved some three hundred dollars. This is the beginning of one of the most successful careers in the county or State. In 1821 he visited Steuben County, remaining some six weeks, and in September, 1823, settled in Corning, and worked for Lauren Mallory, thrashing wheat with a flail and gathering corn, at ten dollars a month; to be paid in corn at thirty-seven ;ind a half cents per bushel. In October, 1823, ho (nirchased his first one hundred acres of land in Hornby, paying four hundred and seventy dollars. To this he has kojit adding until ho has owned more than fifteen hundred acres, which he paid the larger part for in cash. Beside this vast amount of land he has plenty of money at interest. To give a detailed account of this man's life would require more space than we have at our command, but sutfiee to say that no man in Stetiben County can show a more successful career. This amount of property was ail obtained by farming, no sjteculation. He has also lost some property, but in the main he has met with wonderful success. He left Hornby in 1863, and settled on his present farm of four hundred acres. In politics ho was a .lacksonian Democrat, bnt when the Republican party was organized he joined it. He has held various oflioial positions, to the general satisfaction of his constituents. Early in life he was chosen captain of a company of State militia, and is known as Capt. Covenhoven. He has been assessor of Hornby, also supervisor for two terms. He married Miss Sarah M. Rorks, March 28, 1828. She was born at Northumberland, Saratoga Co., N. Y. Of this union six children — three of whom are now living — were born, viz. : Thos. N. and Daniel R., who are farmers in Hornby; Martha J., at home with her father, in Erwin. Mrs. Sarah Covenhoven died May 19, 1863, and was buried in the ceme- tery at Hornby. She was a worthy member of the Baptist Church of Hornby. Her memory is cherished by her family. Capt. Covenhoven married his present wife, Mrs. Susan Richardson, widow of Clark Richardson, of Campbell, Dec. 24, 1864, by whom she has one daughter, — Susie D. We subjoin the following in reference to Mrs. Peter Covenhoven : Mrs. Peter Covenhoven, deceased, was the daughter of Daniel and Pru dence Rorks, and was born in Northumberland, Saratoga Co., N. Y, Her father served in the Revolution with some distinction. Her mother was a woman of deep piety and uncommon ability. Some most excellent hymns are now in the family, which she composed. Mrs. Sarah M. Covenhoven was the only daughter of Mrs. Daniel Rorks, and inherited her mother's traits of character, her main oharacteristios being Mntelfiskaets, fidelity, and 2iHriti[. She was a noble woman, physically, intellectually, socially; a true friend, a most aSTectionate and laitht'ul wife and mother. She lived with her hus- band thirty-two years on the place whore she breathed her last, rendering to him most efficient help in the accumulation of property, and in training their children in habits of industry and economy, in intellectual culture, and in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. Not only her own children, but she also took orphan children under her maternal care, and trained them as her own. They call her mother, as well they may, and most painfully do they feel her loss. But though dead, she still lives, — lives in immortal bloom, lives in her influence, lives in her children, who bear her impress and reflect her moral beauty. The funeral was at the house of the deceased, the family residence, and was attended by a large number of people, who came to sympathize with the bereaveil, and to take a last view of their departed friend and sister in the Church of Jesus. A sermon was delivered on the occasion from the Psalmist : " Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints," — Ps. 116, 15. The speaker dwelt on the character brought to view, the sol- emn scene, and the interest which God takes in the death of His people. The deceased possessed this character, and hence to her death was infinite gain. While, then, we are weeping on earth, she is rejoicing in heaven, with the innumerable company of the glorified, in the immediate presence of her Saviour. From the house of mourning we went in a long train of carriages in solemn procession to the place of burial. The coffin was lowered into a water-proof grave, beneath the radiance of the meridian sun, looking down from the skies as cheerfully as though death had never entered our world. The day was beautiful, the air was fragrant with the perfume of foliage and blossom, the birds were singing, and all nature rejoicing in newness of life. What a change is revealed by Him who has declared Himself to be " The resurrection and the life," and has said to His followers, " Because I live ye shall live also." " The storms of wintry life will quickly pass, And one unbounded Spring encircle all." May friends and relatives who read this notice of the deceased, follow her as she followed Jesus, and enjoy with her the unspeakable blessings of a glorious immortality ! TOWN OF ERWIN. 291 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1S33. 1834. 1836. 1837. 1838. 1840. 1841. 1842 1844. 1845, 1847. 1849. 1850. Supervisore. Wm. C. Bronson. Lyman Balcom. Ira P. Bennett. Chas. J. Fo.x. Francis Erwin. W. S. Hodgnian. Francis Erwiii. Town Clerks. Benjamin Farwell. Charles A. Rose. F. E. Young. P. D. Parkhurst. P. W. N. Sanderson J. Monroe Smith. Collectors. Wra. N. Howell. Greeley D. Rood. Wm. N. Howell. M. W. Hubbard. D. W. C. Erwin. E. D. Bonham. Henry D. Edwards. J. Monroe Smith. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Ansel C. Smith. Benjamin Harrower. John E. Evans. John McClure. Ansel C.Smith. John E. Evans. Charles K. Miller. Charles K. Miller. Clement H. Young. Uri Balcom. Ansel B. Wood. Roswell Enos. William Erwin. G. A. Farnum. C. F. Piatt. James Munsoll. Henry C. Willcox. C. F. Piatt. Zatter Wilder. T. E. Young. John Tiffany. John Day. Samuel Erwin. 1856. Benjamin Farwell. 1857. Emery M. Wood. John A. Shults. 1859. Samuel Adams. Francis Erwin, 1860. John A. Shults. 1861. John A. Shults. 1862. John Day. 1864. Francis Erwin. 1865. Samuel Erwin. 1866. Thomas F. Simmons. 1867. Samuel Erwin. 1868. Samuel Erwin. 1869. Andrew J. Blackman. 1870. James S. Tobias. 1871. R.H.Schuyler. 1872. Francis Erwin. 1873. A. B. Hurd. 1874. James S. Tobias. 1875. A. J. Ross. 1877. A. M. Smitli. 1878. Chas. F. Dunklee. James S. Tobias. VILLAGE OF PAINTED POST. In the spring of 1833, Capt. Samuel Erwin first laid out the village-plat of Painted Post ; that between the Hornby road and the river, and Hamilton and Steuben Streets. The plat was subsequently enlarged, — on the east by Gen. F. E. Erwin, H. P. Badger, and George W. Patterson, and on the west by Charles H. Erwin. The village was incorporated under the general law July 18, 1860. In 1840 the first church edifice was erected in the village. It is now standing, and is occupied by the Presbyterian society. In 1850 the Methodist Episcopal Church erected their edifice on the corner of Chemung and Steuben Streets. The Baptist Church was organized in 1852, and their house of worship erected in 1860. PROGRESS OF THE VILLAGE. We take the following notes showing the progress of im- provements in the village and other miscellaneous matters from the excellent little work which has been our principal authority in preparing the matter for this chapter, — Mr. Charles H. Erwin's pamphlet " History of Painted Post." " In 1822, Francis Erwin erected a two-story frame hotel, 70 by 50 feet, at a cost of $2000 ; Mr. Timothy Goodrich, architect. This was the first frame upon the site of the present village, and remained for half a century, lacking a few months, and was burned on the 29th of April, 1872. We have the original contract, in the handwriting of John E. Evans, and on the same sheet a draft of the front and rear, east and west elevations, with a plan of the ground, second, and garret floors, by IMr. Goodrich. It was purchased in 1847, by Willis J. Savory, who raised it one story. It was always used for the purpose for which it was built. Capt. Samuel Bessley (father of the wife of the architect, Mr. Goodrich, of 3Irs. George Havevling, of Bath, and of Mrs. Col. Uri Balcom, of Chicago) first, and for many years occupied it, and gained a widely-known repu- tation as one of the best of landlords. It was situated on the rortheasE corner of Water and Hamilton Streets. " The same year Capt. Samuel Erwin erected the first frame store upon the northwest corner, opposite the hotel, which was rented to the late Mr. John Arnot, of Elmira. The late Hon. William S. Hubbell, of Bath, was his clerk. The next year (1823) he erected the house we now own, where we reside, and where now (December, 1873) we are writing this article, and in which there has never been a change in the form of a room since it was first finished. Capt. Erwin occupied it until his death. It is now the oldest frame building, excepting the old grist-mill, in town. The same year he built the old grist-mill and saw-mill now owned and occupied by Warren S. Hodgnian, and his brother, L. D. Hodgnian, of Bath. John Spicer was the builder and millwright. There were four run of stones and a halfgang bolt put in the mill. " We still liave many of the old receipted bills for the materials, also the shipping bills. When these buildings were raised, the ' neighbors' from Tioga Point, Newtown, Big Flats, Lawrenceville, Lindley, Penn Yan, Bath, and intermediate places, were here to assist. The occasion was the last gala day for the old and first hotel of the town, and where all received their victuals and drink. " In 1824, Mr. John Wygant cut the sheet-iron Indian which has ever since graced the village, perched upon a painted post. This effort, taking into consideration the times and their fticilities, was quite a success ; and when looked at as in commemoration and perpetuation of the original monumental post, we can the more readily overlook all the imperfections, and better appreciate, guard, and pro- tect it as a memento. " In 1847 the bank of Cayuga Lake, at Ithaca, owned by H. J. Grant, was purchased by Asa S. Foster, of the city of New York, and Cephas F. Piatt, of Painted Post. In the spring of 1851 they removed it to this village, with a capital of $50,000. It was for several years kept in the second story of the Empire Block. In 1860, Mr. Piatt became sole proprietor, at which time its issue was over $70,000, and he occupied for some years the brick building he had erected for a bank. " In 1848, the late A. II. Erwin, Gen. F. E. Erwin, I. P. Bennett, and the late Henry S. Brooks, erected an ex- tensive foundry and inachine-.«hop, with a block of three large stores, and the largest public hall in the county, over the stores, known as Mechanics' Hall. It was completed in 1849. Some two years later the company purchased Mr. Bennett's interest, and was known as Erwin & Brooks. In 1853, Mr. David Curtis purchased Gen. Erwin's interest, and the title of the firm was Curtis, Erwin & Brooks. In 1855, Mr. Curtis gave one-half of his interest to his daughter, Mrs. Charles H. Erwin. The nest year Mr. 292 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Brooks sold half of his interest to the late Judge Wash- ington Barnes. Under the superintendence of the late James H. Simmons, of Fairport, X. Y.. and until the finan- cial pressure of 1857, it was unsurpassed by any establish- ment of the kind in Western New York, giving employment to nearly 100 men. "In the autumn of 1850 the New York and Erie Rail- road was completed between Corning and Hornellsville, passing through this village. In 1852 the Buffalo. Con- hocton Valley and New York Railroad, made a junction at this village with the Erie. The Western Union Telegraph Company completed its line along the Erie road in 1855, and along the Buffalo, Conhocton Valley and New York Railroad in 1857, putting this village in momentary com- munication with all places along the lines and throughout the country. " Empire Block was built by A. B. McCuller and Messrs. A. H. aud F. E. Erwin, in 1841 . It stood upon the south- east corner of Water and Hamilton Streets, the third story being occupied by Empire Hall. " On the evening of Sept. 2, 1850, a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons was instituted in the village. Maj. M. H. McGrath was the first W. M. The order is now in a flourishing condition. PL-iNK-ROAD. " In 1852, a company was formed under the name of the Corning, Painted Post, Cooper's Plains, and Monterey Plank- Road Company. A single track was laid from the village of Monterey (now in Schuyler County) through the valley of Mead's Creek, to Cooper's Plains, and thence to the bridge over the Chemung River at Corning, — about fifteen miles, with four toll-gates. Some six years after, the com- pany abandoned the plank-road between Cooper's Plains and Monterey, and, subsequently, by special act of the Legisla- ture, resolved itself into the Conhocton Stone-Road Company, obtaining a charter therefor for a period of thirty years. This road from the Corning bridge, through Painted Post, to Cooper's Plains, has been facetiously called a '■Jordan road,' i.e., a ' hard road to travel,' during certain portions of the year. The road is not well kept up by the company, and is a free highway only in its poorest condition." THE GAXG-JIILLS. About the year 1832. the estate of William Erwin, in this town, was purchased by Isaac Gray, and two lawyers from Owego, Messrs, Piatt and Dana, It embraced an area of some 4000 acres of land, bountifully supplied with groves of superior and valuable pine timber. They built the first mill upon the site of the establishment now known as the Gang-Mills, and after a few years sold the property to Sylvester Smith, Abram Ogden, and Col. Hiram W. Bostwick, A few years later, Judge Smith became sole proprietor, and for some ten or twelve years manufactured lumber, and improved the lands. He then sold to Messrs. John C. Cameron and James D. Weston, two gentlemen who were credited with a long experience, and a practical knowledge of the lumber business; however, these gentle- men did not long retain possession. In 1846, Rev. Norman Fox, father of A, J, Fox, one of the present proprietors, Abijah Weston, and William C, Bronson purchased of Messrs, Cameron and Weston this property. This enter- prising firm immediately rebuilt and enlarged the mill, add- ing gangs, slabbers, edgers, lath, and other improved ma- chinery, and, as the increasing demand required, added steam to their hydraulic power, new buildings, with planing and picket machines, until it has become the most extensive lumber establishment and firm in the town, county, or State, and the nucleus of perhaps the most extensive lumbering business in the United States, when aggregating the various results of the different manufactories over the widely-spread localities in which one or the other of these gentlemen are the principal owners. All of the members of this firm have their residence at Painted Post, and their mills are situated about one mile southwest of the village. They have in their possession the title in fee-simple to many hundreds of thousands acres of the best timber-lands in the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and timber-rights, licenses, or Government leases, for more than a million and a quarter acres of the very best timber tracts of Canada, They own and run seven extensive gang-mills, that average each from ten to thirty millions feet of lumber annnally, and four large planing-mills, with each a capacity of from 50,000 to 250,000 feet of dressed lumber per day, together with the immense and unknown quantities of shingles, lath, and pickets manufactured h\ them, and the number of their employees is counted by the thousands. The firm is now known as Fox, Weston & Co., Mr. William C. Bronson having sold his interest to A. J. Fox and his brother, Maj. Charles J. Fox. EXTRACT- WORKS. The Extract-Works of this village have applied a new method for the manufacture of the extract of hemlock- bark, an article of great importance to tanners and dyers, and also used in various manufactures. In 1856 the Van Orman tannery, on Chemung Street, was purchased by Harvey Bissel and William D, Farwell. These gentlemen established a successful business, which was conducted under the immediate superintendence of Benjamin Farwell, of this village. In 1859, William D. Farwell sold his interest to 3Ir. Bissel, and about 1864 Mr, Bissel sold to Cyrus Pyle & Co., of which firm N. Spencer Thomas was a member. The latter, while con- nected with this firm, successfully completed the new method for the manufacture of the extract of hemlock- bark, and is the patentee and owner of the process, as well as of numerous machines used in making it. Mr. Thomas is now a resident of Elmira. William D. Farwell is a member of the gigautic mercantile firm of John V. Far- well & Co., Chicago. 3Ir, Harvey Bissel, who spent his last years in Toledo, Ohio, was an important aid to the business interest of this village, where he resided many years, and was indefatigable in his efforts to build up and improve the place. The Extract- Works employ some twenty men ; their capacity is from 3000 to 3500 cords of hemlock-bark, and about 400 cords of barrel material per annum, there being an extensive barrel-factory attached. The establishment is I Photos ev e\>»ns . SAf^< t CX-it c<_ ^^jC<3C tJe/^^ ISAAC P. GOODSELL. The Goodsell family is of Scotch extraction. The paternal grandfather of Isaac P. Goodsell was Jacob Goodsell. He was a native of New England, and married Betsey Warner, whose father fell in the Revolution. He was a fine mechanic in all branches of iron work, and a farmer, also. He was father of twelve children. His wife died in Westmoreland, and he removed to Hornby about 1820, where he died. Sherman Patterson, maternal grandfather of Isaac P. Goodsell, was born in Cornwall, Conn., and married a Miss Beach. To them were born seven children, three sons and four daughters. He was captain in the Revolution, and was in sight of General Montgomery when he fell at Quebec. He was a farmer, and a perfect specimen of physical manhood, dying at the advanced age of ninety-two years. Isaac Goodsell, father of Isaac P., was born in Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y., Oct. 30, 1789. He was married to Anna Patterson, in Westmoreland, Oneida Co., N. Y., Aug. 23, 1810. She was bom in Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y., March 16, 1794. From this marriage came nine children, four sons and five datighters, eight of whom lived to maturity, and six are now living. About 1813 or 1814 they left Westmoreland, and moved to Susquehanna Co., Pa., where they remained till their removal to Painted Post, now Hornby, in 1824. Two of their children were born in Westmoreland, four in Pennsylvania, and the rest in Hornby. Isaac Goodsell was a farmer and blacksmith by occupation. Both himself and wife were members of the Baptist Church. Two of the children were Methodists, and six, like their parents. Baptists — one a Baptist minister. Isaac Goodsell was a staunch, unswerving Democrat, held sev- eral official positions, and was a captain in State militia. He died Aug. 25, 1841. His widow still survives, living with her children, hale and hearty, at the age of eighty-five. Isaac P. Goodsell was born in Pennsylvania in the year 1818. He was reared a farmer, and is a blacksmith. He settled in Hornby in 1824, and married Christiana, daughter of Deacon Jacob and Betsey Woodward, of Campbell, Aug. 25, 1841. Miss Woodwaid was born Nov. 14, 1819. Of this union were bom five children, namely : Byron W., Jacob L., Ella E., Dimis H., and Normah C. Jacob L. died in infancy. Mr. Goodsell learned his trade at Hornby Porks, and worked seven years in that place, which was founded by his father, who purchased a farm there and started that village. He bought his farm about 1848, moving to it the same day President Taylor was inaugurated. He owned at one time two hundred and seventy- eight acres of land. He left his farm and moved to the village of Painted Post, April 1, 1871, in consequence of his ill health, and a desire to educate his children, leaving his farm in charge of Ella E. and her husband, Orin Roloson. He has •since resided at Painted Post, engaged in selling agricultural implements, and looking after his various business affairs. Both Mr. Goodsell and wife were formerly Baptists, but for the last six years have been Methodists. Mr. Goodsell has been superintendent of Sabbath-schools, and a leading temper- ance man. He was formerly a Democrat, but at the organization of the Republican party became a member of that party, and has ever been faithful to its principles. He was postmaster at Hornby, and, by suffrage of his fellow-townsmen, held the office of justice of the peace and other town offices. PHOrOS ev EVANS. CO»N("G (f/'yvt-y^^ ^^4.-f^^yLi!!!Lc''^ ^aL,tcs2^ ^€i/^tAZ.&£^ PHILO CAMPBELL, son of Robert Campbell and Rachel Dolson, was born in Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y., Feb. 14, 1808. His grandfather was the son of Rev. Robert Camp- bell, who was born in Scotland, in 1709, and settled in Canaan, Conn., as a Presbyterian minister, in 1761, and removed to Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1762, where he was the first minister north of Albany, and where he was buried. Robert (3d) was born in 1777, at Stillwater; was educated for the ministry ; graduated at Dartmouth College. He never preached, but followed farming for a business; settled in Campbell with his father, who was named Robert (2d) also, in the winter of 1801 and 1802. He died in 1861, while residing in Michigan, where he had gone some twelve years before. His wife died some five years before, or about 1856. Philo Campbell was reared on his father's farm until he was about eighteen ; he then went to Chenango County, and learned the carding and cloth-dressing busi- ness, which he followed more or less for fifteen years. He married Calista, daughter of Solomon and Martha Cushing, of Vermont, Nov. 23, 1832. Miss Calista Cashing was born near Brattleboro', Vt., April 23, 1814. Her parents are distant relatives of Hon. Caleb Cushing (deceased). As the result of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Philo Campbell three children were bom, viz. : William Wal- lace, born Feb. 13, 1834; died June 23, 1836. Solomon C, born Jan. 9, 1836 ; married Aurelia, daughter of Benjamin and Hannah Farwell, of Painted Post, and is now one of the largest merchants in Corning; he has one son, Wallace B. Sybil H., born Nov. 11, 1838; died Feb. 3, 1842. In June, 1836, Mr. Campbell removed to Bellevue, Eaton Co., Mich. ; purchased a farm of some two hun- dred acres; remained until October, 1845, when he re- turned to Steuben County, and settled in Hornby, where he followed his trade some five years; then followed lumbering some three years on Mead's Creek, Campbell, where he settled about 1850. About 1854 he purchased his present farm in Camp- bell. He built all the buildings on his farm, which are as fine as any in the town. He left his farm in December, 1877, and located on his present place of residence in Painted Post, where he is surrounded by all the com- forts of a pleasant home. He has always been identified with the Republican party since its organization, having been a Whig pre- viously. Mr. Campbell has been commissioner, assessor three years, town clerk two years, and collector one year; also was trustee of schools. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are members of the Baptist Church at Painted Post. He is one of the temperance men of Painted Post. TOWN OF ERWIN. 293 run night and day, and is under the effioient management of Mr. Charles Iredell. The products arc shipped directly from the works to all parts of this continent, and to Europe. Since 1855, tobacco has been successfully raised in the valleys, and nearly an liundrcd acres are annually planted in the town. Calvin Lovell, Esq., residing on a farm near the Gang-Mills, is the pioneer in the culture of this lucra- tive production. About three o'clock a.m. on the morning of the 7th of May, 1860, a fire was discovered in the foundry then owned by Messrs. Curtis, Erwin, Brooks & Co. It spread rapidly and consumed the foundry block and buildings, the barn of the company, the barns, li very-stable, and market of the hotel, five dwellings and five barns on the north side of Water Street, and four .stores, wagon-, and blucksmith- shop on the south side. It was estimated that more than $50,000 worth of property above insurance was destroyed. The same year Messrs. A. Weston, Wni. C. Bronson, Charles H. Erwin, and Wnj. II. Calkins rebuilt the foun- dry and machine-shops, to which they have added at various times since. In 1865, with the addition of Maj. McGrath to the company, they erected the extensive door-, sa.sh-, and blind-factory, which flourished a few years and was then abandoned. The large three-story brick block on the corner of Ham- ilton and Water Streets was erected by Wm. C. Bronson, in 1860. In 1869, Dr. Orcott's drug-store and H. D. Edwards' jeweler-store were added. In 1870, Wm. C. Bronson and Harris C. Higman opened a bank in the Bronson Block. In 1872 these gentlemen purchased the Bank of Cayuga Lake, and Mr. Bronson the building of C. F. Piatt. Mr. Bronson immediately commenced the enlargement and rebuilding of the old bank, adding an iron and plate-glass front and another story. In January, 1873, Mr. Bronson purchased Mr. Higman's interest and became sole proprietor. In 1872, Mr. Bronson built on his lot, in front of the Erie depot, an iron-roofed, fire-proof planing-mill, and in 1873 opened, with George Dorn and Alva Bronson, an extensive lumber-yard. This mill has a capacity of 50,000 feet of dressed lumber per day. On the 28th of February, 1873, the village was scourged with another desolating fire. All the buildings between Hamilton Street and the Erie railway-cro.ssing, on the south side of Water Street, including the Empire Block, were consumed. Nearly all of these buildings have since been replaced by better structures. NEWSPAPERS. The first newspaper started in the village was the Painted Post Gazette, in the year 1846, by Sir. Fairchild. It con- tinued to be issued only a few months. In May, 1848, Messrs. Ransom Bennett and B. M. Hawley commenced the publication of the Painted Post IJeralJ, which was continued about one year. In October, 1870, Wm. C. Bronson, H. C. Higman, and S. H. Ferenbaugh began the publication of the Painted Post Times, Mr. Higman retired in 1872. The paper has lately been discontinued. PUBLIC SCHOOL. John E. Evans taught the first school in the village, or rather in the pioneer .settlement ; for it was a quarter of a century at least before the village was laid out. " The first school-house," says Mr. Erwin, " that we recollect, was situated on the site of the dwelling now occupied by E. S. Borland, which is also Messrs. Ilodgman's farm-house. This school-house was built of plank, and the rent of ground given by Capt. Samuel Erwin. The next one was built on the south side of the river, and is now used as a dwelling by Mrs. Hallack. In 1848 or 1849, the late Arthur Erwin built a large twostory frame building on the south side of the river, nearly opposite the residence of the late C. J. Chatfield. This building was rented to the district, together with two acres of ground, for SI 00 per annum, to be used for a district school. The main building was some 50 by 75 feet, with a projecting gable, supported by four large pillars in front, and a wing on the north and south sides, making a front upon the street of about one hundred feet. It was used by the district school till 1868, when the pres- ent model brick school-house on Charles Street was built, at an expense of $14,000, including the lot and furniture. William C. Bronson was the contractor, and Maj. M. H. McGrath the architect. The old building, after being abandoned for school purposes, was converted into a tobacco warehouse, and was destroyed by fire in the fall of 1871. The public school is a union free school, with an academic department. It is provided with a valuable library of mis- cellaneous books and works of reference, has a fine lot of new apparatus for performing philosophical and other experi- ments, and is received under visitation of the Regents. The school has been designated by them to instruct a teachers' class during the winter term, beginning Jan. 6, 1879, in methods of teaching, school management, and in general normal training. Board of Education. — S. B. Howell, President; E. H. Smith, Secretary ; W. H. Calkins, J. Z. Wilder, A. F. Timerman ; J. Monroe Smith, Treasurer. Facidt^.^Fj. AV. Griffith, Principal; Bell S. Arnold, Academic Assistant ; Florence E. Willson, Intermediate Department ; Minerva D. McCarty, Primary Department. Calendar. — Winter Term commences Jan. 6, 1879; closes April 4; Spring Term commences April 14, 1879 ; elo.ses June 27. Rates of Taition. — All actual residents, free ; non-resi- dents as follows : Academic Department, per term, $5 ; Primary and Intermediate Departments, $3. Attendance during the past school year, 160 ; Academic Department, 75. cooper's plains. We learn from Mr. Alson Pierce, an early resident of Cooper's Plains, that one John Williams, a " Hessian," who had been taken prisoner at Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga, settled on lands adjoining the town line between Erwin and Campbell about 1705. In 1814 part of this land was bought by Judge McBurney, and in 1815, Alson Pierce and the two Cobbs purchased most of the remainder. Mr. Pierce came from the State of Vermont, and at the time of his settlement there was a road leading from 294 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Painted Post to Bath, along the Conhocton, by which the mail was carried on horseback once a week. John E. Evans was then postmaster at Centrevilje. The Bath paper was then carried open, and thrown into the yards as the carrier passed by. The first post-office at Cooper's Plains consisted of a " shingle nailed to a tree, under which the mail was stuck by the accommodating mail rider." Judge Cooper settled in this part of the town in 1828. He was an only son, and his father resided in Easton, Pa. His mother was a daughter of Col. Arthur Erwin. His son, John Cooper, Jr., was a physician of considerable note, and the founder of the village of Cooper's Plains. About 1841, Dr. Cooper built a large residence on his farm near the junction of Mead's Creek Valley with Con- hocton, and laid out a portion of his farm into village lots. The place soon began to attract settlers. Albert Mulligan opened the first store, and subsequently Col. Uri Balcom, now a resident of Chicago, carried on lumbering and mer- cantile business, operating a saw-mill, which had been built by John Williams. An.son Buck, father of Edward Buik, Esq., of Addison, built and kept the first hotel. This house for many years after Mr. Buck left it was occupied by the late Daniel Ogden, who.se reputation as a " prince of landlords" nearly absorbed the name of the village, for it used to be more frequently said "going to Ogden's" than going to Cooper's Plains. The building was burned in 1871, and has not yet been replaced. The Rochester branch of the Erie Railway passes through and has a station at Cooper's Plains. There are a Baptist and a Methodist church, a large and commodious district school-house, a flouring-mill, steam saw-mill, chair-factory, wagon- and blacksmith-shops, one or two stores, a post-office, and some twenty-five or thirty dwellings, and the Good Templars maintain a flourishing lodge in the village. ERWIN. In the spring of 1873 a depot was built near the west line of E. E. Town.send's property, and the station was called Erwin. A post-office was established here, and Mr. Townsend was appointed postmaster. There are now three post-offices in the town of Erwin, viz., Painted Post, in the village of Painted Post; Cooper's Plains, at Cooper's Plains ; and Erwin, at Erwin. MILITARY RECORD OF ERWIN. Abbey, John, private, 74th Inf., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861, three years ; re-enl. ; lost an arm at the battle of Gettysburg ; disch. in consetiuence. Abel, Emerson W., scrgt., Hist Inf , Co. E ; enl. Aug., 1SG2, three year^. Adams, William Bradford, private, I07th Inf., Co, C; enl. July, 1862, three years. Alexander, Geo., private, 8th U. S. Col Inf. ; drafted July 17, 1863, tliree years. Araeigh, Richmond .!., private, 74tli Inf., Co. K ; enl. May 22, 1861, three years ; re-enlisted; disch. Jnne, 1865. Ames. Eli, 16Ist Inf. ; enl. Dec. 22, 1863, throe years. Andrews, Uansom Riley, piivate, 20th N. Y. lod. Bat.; enl. June G, 1863, three years; disch. Aug. 7, 180.5, Bailey, Charles .\ma^a, private, 86th Inf, Co. I; enl. Sept., 1861, three years; discb.; re-enl. same co. and regt. in 1863; wounded in battle of tho Wil- derness, May G, 1864 ; died the next day. Bailey, Sylvester. Baker, Morgan Henry, musician, .'iOth Eng., Co. F ; enl. Aug., 1862, three years ; disch. June 8, 18G5. Ball, Joseph Allen, corporal, 23d Inf., Co. D; enl. April 12, 1801 ; wounded in the battle of Antietam in the right arm, arm amputated; disch. Dec. 5, 1802. Barber, Henry C, 10th Cav.; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years. Barnett, Henry E., IGth Vet. Res. Corps; enl. July 27, 1864, three years. Baumes, Peter, private, 60th Eng., Co. F; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years. Beet^ Schuyler, artificer, 50th Eng., Co. C; enl. Aug. 31, 1864, one year; pro. to artificer ; disch. June 13, 1865. Benjamin, James R., 16th II. Art.; enl. Dec. 29, 1863, three years. Bennett, Wilson Le Roy, musician, Gth Cav., Co. L; enl. Oct. 16, 1861, three years; disch. Oct. 28, 1864. Berry, Francis, private, 50th Eng., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862. three years ; disch. June 13, 1865. Blanchard, William Alexander, private, 51th Eng., Co. F; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year ; disch. June 13, 1865. Blowers, John, 50th Eng. ; enl. .'Vpril 3, 1865, one year. Boardman, James, enl. Aug. 29, 1S63, three years ; sub. for James McGuire. Boguie, Jame^, 179th Inf.; enl. March 20, 1864, three years. Borst, Ira .\., private, lij7th Inf, Co. C ; enl. July 9, 18G2, three years ; captured Dec. 15, 1864; in Florence prison three months; exchanged; disch. June 2, 1865; died in Nov. Borst, Pbilo, corporal, 107th Inf, Co. C; enl. July 4, 1862, three years; pro. to Corp., Aug. 1, 1S62; disch. Feb. 4, 1863 ; re-enl. 50th Eng., Co. A, Dec. 19, 1863, three years ; pro. to artificer, July 1, 1864 ; to Corp., April 23,1865; disch. June 30,1865. Borst, Theodore, 50th Eng.; enl. Dec. 29, 1863, three year.<. Bor»t, Julius Rowley, .50th Eng,; enl. Dec. 19, 18G3, three years. Brimmer, Lorenzo, 50th Eng ; enl. .\pril 3, 1865, one year. Britten, William James, Jr., private, Gth Cav., Co. L; enl. Aug. 2, 1864, three years ; disch. Aug. 9, 1865. Bronson, Irving, capt., 107th Inf, Co. C; enl. July 29.1862, three years; pro. to 1st licut.. May 2, 1863 ; to capt., Sept. 20, 1805 ; disch. .June 5, 1865. Brower, Charles, private, SGth Inf Brown, Sanford Delos, corporal, 50th Eng., Co. F; enl. Aug. 22,1862, three years; disch. June 13, 1865. Brown, Gilbert La Fayette, private, 50th Eng., Co. A ; enl. Dec. 19, 1863, three years; died Aug. 6, 1864. Brown, Samuel W'atson, private, 107th Inf, Co. C; enl. Aug. 7, 1862, three years; disch. June 5, 1865. Brown, Wm. A., 50th Eng. ; enl. Aug 30, 1864, one year. Brown, Henry E., 23d Inf; re-eul. 22d Giv., Aug. 9, 1SG4, three years. Burnsides, James, drafted. Button, Miles, private, 179th Inf., Co. B ; enl. JIarch 3, 1864, three years; disch. May 29, 1805. Brockway, Andrew, private, 107th Inf, Co. C; enl. July, 1862, three years; killed in the battle at Dallas, May 25, 1864. Calkins, Milton, 2d sergt, 107th Inf, Co. C; enl. July 9, 1862, three years; disch. June IS, 1865. Campbell, William, 20th U. S. Col. Inf; enl. July25, 1864, three years. Cassida, John, 50th Eng.; enl. Aug. 31, 1861, one year. C.irman, John, enl. Aug. 23, 1864. tliree years ; sub. for Warren S. Hodgnian. Chapman, Alonzo, 179tli Inf; enl. Mar. 31, 1864, three years. Clark, John B., enl. Dec. 16, 1804, three years; sub. for .\bijah Weston. Cliristler, Charles, private, 14lst Inf; enl. Aug., 1862, three years. Chatfield, Charles James, 1st lieut., 23d Inf, Co. D; enl. April, 1861, two years; pro. to Corp., Aiig.l, ISOl ; wounded in the leg in 8ec.ond Bull Run battle, Aug. 31,1862; disch. May 22, 1803; re-enl. 10th Cav., Jan. 2, 1864, three years; must, out 10th Cav. and appointed Ist lieut. of 20th N. Y. Ind. Bat., April 4, 1864 ; disch. July 7, 1864 ; re-enl. Ist U. S. V. V. Corps, Co. H, Dec. 5, 1804, one year ; pro. to sergt., Jan. 5, 1865 ; to 2d lieut. of 2d Regt., 1st Corps, July 24, 1865; to 1st lieut. same regt., Oct 5, 1865. Cobb, Charles, private, 86th Inf, Co. I ; enl. Oct. 7, 1861, three years ; disch. and re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864, three years; taken prisoner at Gains' Farm, June 1, 1864; sent to Libby prison eight days; moved to Andersonville for ten months; paroled April 29, 1865; disch. June 28, 1865. Cobb, James Ezra, private, 3oth Inf, Co. F ; enl. for two years ; re-enl. in 20th Ind. Bat. Cobb,Wm., private, 23d Inf, Co. D, two years; re-enl. in 50thEng.,Co. A, one year. Cook, Seth Dagger, private, 107th Inf, Co. C; enl. July 5, 1802, three years; disch. Feb. 5, 1863; re-enl. in 10th Cav., Co. L, Aug. 25, 1804, one year; discli. June 28, 1865. Coolbaugh, Jerome, enl. Aug. 14, 1864, three years ; sub. for Alanson J. Fox. Coon, Jndson C, private, 50th Eng., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 28, 1862, three years. Cooper, John, surg. Fremont's staff; appointed June 21, 1801 ; must, out Jan., 1862 ; reappointed A. A. surg. U. S. A., Feb., 1862 ; must, out and reap- pointed surg., 2d La. Cav., May, 1804; disch. July 24, 1805. Cooper, Thomas Wallis, 1st liout.,7th Inf., Co. B; enl. April 19, 1861; pro. to 2d lieut.; died at St. Louis, Oct. 31, 1802. Cooper, Fredei-ick, *2d lieut., 4th Mo. Cav., Co. F; enl. Dec. 24, 1861, three years; served as vol. aide-de-camp; commissioned 2il lieut.; disch. July 19, 1862. Cooper, Benjamin A., private, 50th Eng., Co. F; enl. Aug. 27, 1804, one year. Conner, Theodore, corporal, 107tli Inf, Co. C; enl. July 7, 1802, three years; pro. in August, 1803; wounded at Chanci-llorsville ; disch. June 5, 1805. Coryell, Edward, private, 86th Int., Co. C; eul. Nov. 5, 1861, three years. Cornell, Wm. Harrison, sergt., 14l8t Inf, Co. E; enl. Aug., 1862, three years. Courtwright, John, 107th Inf, Co. C ; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Cowley, Bernard, artificer, 50th Eng., Co. F ; enl. Aug., 1862, three years. Cowley, Michael, 1st sergt., 107th Inf., Co. C; enl. July 9, 1802, three years; pro. to 1st sergt., Jan., 1863 ; disch. June 5, 1865. Creamer, Roscoe D., 16th V. R. Corps; enl. Aug. 5, 1864, three years. Dill, John H., lOtli V. E. Corps; enl. Aug. ,5, 1804, three years. Dodge, Leonard Lorycor, private, 112th Inf, Co. C; enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year; killed at Fort Fisher. TOWN OF ERWIN. 295 Durniai), Eugene C, private, 50th Eng., Co. F ; enl. March 15, 18G5, one year; di■^ch. June l:i, ISCo. Duval, Al.ram, SUtli Eng.: r-nl. Dec. 19, 18G3, three years. Edwards, Samuel P., IGth V. U. Corps; enl. July 27, 18C4, three yeais. Elwell, Thomas A., Sth H. Art. ; enl. Dec. 29, 1863, three years. Emory, George Washington, private, 50tb Eng., Co. F; enl. March 19,1864, three years ; disch. June 13, 1865. Erwin. William Wilberforce, 1st lieut., 74th Inf.,Co. K; enl. May 22, 1861, three years; sun-struck June 5, 18G2 ; resigned on surg.-general'fl certif. of these injuries, Nov. 4, I8G2. Erwin, De Witt Clinton, 2d seryt, 50th Eng., Co.F; enl. Aug. 30, 1862, three years ; pro. to 2d sergt. ; diseli. June 13, 1865. Erwin, Edward. Evans, Charles Ernest, private, oOtli Eng., Co. A ; en!. Aug. 21, 1SG2, three years; disch. Nov. 14, 1862, disability. Foster, Homer B., musitian, Hist Inf., Co. E; enl. Aug., 1862, three yeare. Fo.x, William Freeman, lii-ut.-cul., 107th Inf., Co. C; ent. July 29, 1862, three years; pro to nmjor, Feb. 3,1863; to licut.-col., Sept. 5, 1863; wounded at the batile of Antielam ; in left knee at Cbancellorsville, and again iu arm at Resacii ; disch. in eonsequence. Fox, Charles James, major, l07tli Inf., Co. C; enl. July 29, 1S62, three years; pro. to captain, Ft-b. 3, 1863 ; to major, Sept. 27, 1864 ; disch. June 5, '65. Fox, Nurman, Jr., chaplain, 77th Inf.; must. Dec. 1, 18C2, three years; diseh. Dec. 13, 1865. Freeling, Thomas, must. Dec. 16, 1864, three years; sub. for Alvah Brouson. Furgison, Michael, I79th Inf.; enl. Aug. 6, 1SG4, three years. Gilbert, lienry Krwin, private, 2 M Inf., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 23, 1861, three years ; died of congestion of the lungs, Dec. 1, 18G1. Golden, Charles, corporal, 107tli Inf., Co. C; enl. July 9, 18G2, three years; disch. June 5, 1865. Goodno, Ira A., enl. Dec. 29, I8G3, three years; sub. for Patrick Cowley, Hale, James Lemon, artificei-, 50th Eng., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 30, 1862, thi ee years ; pro. to artificer, Dec, 1862^ wounded in back by a spent ball, bi'fore Fred- ericksburg, Dec 11, 1S62; disch. June 13, 1865. Hedden, Joseph, 16th V. K. Corps; enl. July 3U, 1865, three years, llorner, Thomas, sergt., I07ih Inf., Co. C; enl. July 9, 1862, three years ; pro. to Sf rfjr., Nov., 186:^ ; disch. June 5, 1865. Honghtailing. William, artificer, 50tli Eng., Co. C; enl. Aug. 22, 18G2, three years; pro. to artificer; disch. June 13, 1865. Jenning:-, William Walbice, private, 141st Inf., Co. E; enl. Aug. 19, 1862, three years; disch. June 20, 1865. Jordan, Townsend Bartlett, private, 2iJth N. Y. Ind. Bat.; enl. March 18, 1864, three years ; disch. Aug. 5, 1865. Kirklaiid, James, private, oOth Eng., Co.F; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years; disch. June 13, 1865. Knight, John, artificer, 50th Eng., Co. A; enl. Sept. 19, 1863, three years; pro. to artificer, July 1, ISGi ; disch. June 30, 1865. Knight, Lemuel Cniter, artificer, 50th Eng , Co. A; enl. Dec. 19, 1863, three years ; pro. to artificer, July I, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865. Lewjs, Jesse B , color-sergt., 107th Inf., Co. C ; enl. July 3, 1862, three years ; pro. to color-sergt. ; disch. fur di.^ability, Feb. 10, 18G3; re-enl. Dec. 20, 18G3, 50th Eiig., Co. A, three years; pro. to artificer and corporal; disch. June 13, 18G5. Lewis, Solomon, private, 2d Cav., Co. E; enl, Dec. 20, 18G3, three years ; disch. July, 1865. Lewis, Alonzo, corporal, 107th Inf., Co. C; enl. July 6, 18G2, three years; since killed in a luuiber establishment. Manley, Jerome, 1st lieut., Gth Cav. ; enl. Oct. 8, 1861, two years ; pro. to Ist Bergt., March. 1862 ; disch. fur re-enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mann, Reuben T., 8th U. S. Col. Inf. ; drafted July 2, 1863, three years. Mathia*", Francis, private, l07th Inf., Co. C; enl. July 27, 1862, three years; wounded in right forearm at Dallas, May 25, 1864; disch. for disability, Jan. 27, 1865. Matlniis, Louis, private, 107th Inf , Co. C; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years; shot in both knees, March 16, 1865; legs amputated and died in consequence. May 6, 1865. May, Anthony, enl. Aug. 28, 1863, three years ; suli. for Lenhart May. Mayo, Thomas, corporal, 14th Inf., Co. E ; enl. June 12, 1861, two years; pro. to corporal, Dec, 18G2; disch. June 30, 18G3. McCanna, Henry, private, 23d Inf., Co. D; enl. May 6, 1861, two years; disch. May IG, 1863; re-enl. loTlh Inf., Co. C, Jan. 5, 1864, three years; trans. to 60th Inf.; disch. Aug., 1865. McGrath, Michael Healy, major, 50th Eng., Co. F; enl. Aug. 6,1862, three years; pro. to c-iptain, Co. F, Nov. 14, 18G2; brevetted major, June 10, 1865 ; wounded slightly in left knee, June 5, 1863, at Deep Run ; disch. June 13, 1865. McHenry, Matthew A., artificer, 50th Eng., Co. F; enl. Sept., 1862, three years. Mcintosh, Parker, private, 23d Inf., Co. C; enl. April, 1861, two years ; must. out May, 1863; re-enl. Jan. 28, 1865, one year. Mcintosh, Schuyler, cor|)oral, 79tli Inf.; enl. Sept., 18G1 ; disch. for disability, July. 1862; re-enl. Mcintosh, James Gay, private, 74th Inf., Co. K; enl. 1861, three yeiirs ; died of fever. Mcintosh, Alonzo, private, 14th H. Ait.; enl. Dec. 13,1863; taken prisoner near Gaines' Farm, Va., June 14, 1864 ; taken to Libby prison ; his father had a letter from him July 1, ISG4, since when he has nut been heard of or from ; supposed to be dead. McKean, De la Fletcher, private, 112th Inf., Co. E; enl. Aug. 28, 1864, one year ; disch. April 28, 1865. McKinney, Henry, 107th Inf.; enl. Feb. 29, 18G4, three years. McTigue, Thomas, 86th Inf.; enl. Dec 31, 1863, three years; re-enl. Miller, Frank, 50th Eng.; enl. Dec. 22, 1863, three years. Miller, Newman, 50th Eng. ; enl. Jan. 1, 1864, three years. Millspaugh, Frederick, IGtli H. Art. ; enl. Dec. 9, 1863, tliree years. Minier, William, 179th Inf. ; enl. March 17, 1864, three years. Moore, William Henry, drum-major, 141st Inf., Co. E; enl. Aug., 1862, three years ; disch. by special order from Sec. atanton. Morrison, Benjamin P., 2d Vet. Cav. ; enl. Aug. 2, 1864, three years. Mosher, Albert, enl. Aug. 21, 1863, three years ; sub. for George W. Coovert. Mourhess, Ferril C, IGlst Inf.; e'll. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Myres, Francis, 5oth Eng.; enl. March 17, 1865, one year. Naramore, Daniel Hubbard, private, 74th Inf., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 11, 1861, thn-e years ; wounded in the head ; disch. iu consequence. Neal, David, drafted July 17, 18ti3, three yeai*3. Northaway, Harlo, private, lOth Cav.; eul. Aug. 22, 1864, three years; disch. June, 1865. Olmstead, Ricliard, corporal, 14th Inf., Co. C; enl. March 4, 1862, three years; wounded iu the left arm and in the breast at Spottsylvania ; disch. March 14, 1865. Osborn, Lawrence W., corporal, 107th Inf., Co. C; enl. July, 1862, three years. Owen, Jas. Clark, private, 107tli Inf., Co. C; enl. Sept. 3, 18G4, one year; re-enl. Osterhout, James F., private, 107ih Inf., Co. C; enl. July 29, 1862, three years; wounded in the foot at Chancetlorsvitle ; disch. in consequence. Pace, Lewis, private, 50th Eng., Co. C; enl. Aug. 31, 1864, one year; disch. June 13, 1865. Pace, William, private, 50th Eng., Co. C; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year; disch. June 13, 18G5. Page, Sylvester Parchnst, 1st sergt., 74tli Inf., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 1, 1861, three years; wounded in the battle of Williamsburg in light knee, May 5, 18G2; again in the battle of Gettysburg, in groin; disch. Oct 11, 1864. Palmer, Joseph, private, 141st Inf., Co. E; enl. Aug., 1862, three years. Paxton, Stephen D., 179th Inf.; enl. March 31, 1864, three years. Phelps, Nelson 0., corporal, 50th Eng , Co. F; enl. Aog. 29, 1862, three years ; pro. t't corporal, 1864; disch. June 13, 18G5. Pitts, Joseph Theodore, private, 23d Inf., C-o. D ; enl. Aug. 19, 1861, twenty-one months; disch. June 20,1863; re-enl. 50th Eng., Co. A, Feb. 17, 1865, one year; disch. June 13,1865, Pitts, James, corporal, 50th Eng. ; enl. Jau. 1, 1864, three yeara ; pro. to corp. ; disch. June 13, 1865. Prouty, Lester J., 50th Eng.; enl. Aug. 31, 1864, one year. Rarric, Jacob. Rece, Edward, private, 107th Inf., Co. C; enl. July 9, 1863, three years; disch. for disability, Feb. 8, 18G4. Reese, John, bGih Inf. ; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years ; re-enl. Reilly, George, l6th V. R. Corps; enl. July 26, 1864, three years. Richards, Robert M., artificer, 50lh Eng., Co. F; enl. Aug. 30. 1862, three years. Rose, Rankin B,, musician, 86th Inf.; enl. Oct. 12, 1861, three years; disch. March, 1862; re-enl., artificer, 50lh Eng., Co. F, Aug. 21, 1862, three years; pro. to artificer; disch. June 13,1865. Rose, Mortimer Wilson, musician, 8Gth Inf, Co. I ; enl. Oct., 1861, three years; transf. to regt. band, Oct., 18GI ; disch. in March, 1862 ; died June 1, 1863, consumption. Russell, James, private, 23d Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 19, 1861, two years; disch. May 22, 1863. Rumsey, Isaac, 86th Inf; enl. Feb. 15, 1864, three years. Russell, David, private, 141st Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years ; disch. July 19, 18G5. Rus«eli, David Halsey, private, 23d Inf., Co. D ; enl. May 16, 1861, two years. Kussell, Oliver, private, 50th Eng., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years. Schuyler, Henry S., 8Gth Inf., Co. I; enl. Feb. 15, 1863, three years. Sherwood, Amos W., captain, 86th Inf., Co. I. Shotr. Peter S., enl. Aug. 27, 1863, three years ; sub. for Valentine Miller. Shults, John Addison, captain, 141st Inf., Co. E; enl. Aug., 1862, three years; pro. to captrin, March 14, 18G3; in consequence of disease in his limbs, resigned July 31,1863. Smith, John Seth, corporal, 5th Cav., Co. B; enl. Aug. 17, 1862, three years pro. to corporal, Nov. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, April G, 1863 taken prisoner and sent to Hagerstown hospital ; escaped April 19, 1863 left forearm and hand permanently disabled ; disch. April 25, 1864. Smith,Henry Albert, artificer, 50th Eng., Co. A; enl. Aug. 21, 18G2, three years; disch. June 13, 1865. Smith, Isaiah, private, 86th Inf., Co. I; enl. Oct. 26, 1861, three years; wounded at second Bull Run ; leg amputated and died next day, Sept. 10, 1862. Sprague, James R.,16th V. R. Corps; enl. Aug. 5, 1864, three years; re-eul. Stevens, Park, 13th 11. Art.; eid. Aug. 23, 1864, one year. Thomas, Stephen, 8Gth Inf.; enl. Dec. 20, 1863, three years; re-enl. Thornton, John, IGtli V. R. Corps; enl. Aug. 5, 1864, three years; re-enl. Tuttle, Iliram B., artificer, 50th Eng., Co. F; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years. Vastbinder, James M., private, 1st Rifles, Co. E; enl. Aug. 1861, three years; di>ch. for disab. Dec. 9, 1861, Walker, Henry, 16th V. R. Corps; eul. Aug. 5, 1864, three years; re-enl. Ward, Reuben Charles, private, 50th Eng., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; hou.discli. by special order from President Lincoln; re-enl. 50th Eng., Co. A, Mar. 15. 1865, one year. 296 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Ward, Albert Scott, 3d sergt., 107th Inf., Co. C; enl. July 15, 1862, tliree j-eara ; pro. to sergt., Feb, 10, 18G.'i ; wounded in ri-ilit leg at Chancellorsvillo, May 3, 1863; leg amputated below the knee: disch. July 27, 1863. Ward, Lewis, private, 50th Eng., Co. A ; enl. Dec. 22, 1863, three years; disch. June 13,1865. Ward, William Carlton, private, 97th Inf., Co. F ; drafted July 17, 1863, three years ; killed in the second day's fight of the Wilderness. Wheeler, Richard, 86th Inf. ; enl. Dec. 20, 1863, three years ; re-enl. Williams, Alwyn, private, 74th Inf., Co. F; enl. June 1, 18G1, three years; transf to Vet. Res. Corps, June 24, 1863 ; diach. June 2, 1864. Williams, Silas, private, 50t!i Eng.; enl. Aug. 7, 18G4, three years. Wilson, Andrew J., IGth V. R. Corps; enl. July 26, 1864, three years; re-enl. Winer, Pulydore B., 2d Cav. ; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years. Wood, Jerry V., 3d sergt., I07tii Inf, Co. C; ctiI. July 9, 1862, three years; was in the battle at Dallas, carried from the field with typhoid fever, and died thi- third day after. Not feeling well he had a pass from his officers, but refused to keep out of the fight. Wood, Stephen Edgar, private, 6th Cav., Co. L ; enl. Jan. 1, 1804, three years ; disch. A\ig. 23, 1865 ; died Sept. 3, 18C5. Wood, Augustus Hazen, sergt., 6th Cav., Co. L; enl. Sept., 1861, three years; disch. for rc-enl. Dec. 16, 1863, three yeara; pro. to corporal, July 4, 1864; to sergt., Dec, 1864; disch. Aug. 23, 18C5. Woodruff, Ezra, private, 8Gth Inf, Co. I; enl. Aug. 17, 18G1, three years; discb. for re-enl. Jan. 1, 1861; wounded in left thigh at Spottsylvaiiia, May 12, 1SG4, and disabled for further service; disch. May 11, 1865. Woodruff, Wilson, private, l07th Inf., Co. C ; enl. July 9, 1862, three years; wounded at Cliaticellorsville, and transf in consequence to V. R. C^orps. Woodruff, Aaron, Wolcotf, David Ferdinand, sergt., 5th Cav.; enl. March lu, 18G2, three yeare; disch. for re-enl. Mar. 13, 1864; pro. to saddle surgt., Apiil 13, 18G4 ; disch. July 19,1865. Wright, Fred. A., private, 107th Inf, Co. C; enl. July 9, 18G2, tliree years; disch. for disjtbility, 18C3. Wygaiit, John, private, 23d Inf., Co. D; enl Sept. 23, 1861, three years. Yeomans, William Corey, private, 141st Inf, Co. E; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years; wuunded in left shoulder at battle uf Peach-Tree Crt*ek, July 20, 1864 ; died in consequence, Aug. 20, 1864. LIVING IN TOWN BUT ENLISTING ELSEWHERE. Ascli, Meyer, colonel, 1st N. J. Cav.; appointed Aug. 18G1, three years; pro. to lat lieut. and adjt., Oct. 1, 18G1 ; to capt. Co. H, March, 18G2; up- pointed aide-de-camp to Maj.-Gen. Pope, July, 1862; wiih Gen. Pope — 1861 — in Dept. of the Northwest; Nov. 1863, appointed asst. adjt. -gen. to Gen. T. C. H. Smith, commanding Dist. of Wisconsin ; Jan. 7, 1864, asst. adjt.-genl. to Gen. Albert Sully, coninmnding Dist. of Iowa; Feb. 1864, chief of cavalry, Dept. of the Nnrlhwest ; March, reported to Cav. Bureau, Washington, D. 0.; April, assist, adjt.-gen. to Gen. Kautz, commanding cav., Dept. of James ; Oct., taken prisoner in front of Richmond, six months in Libhy, Salisbury, and Danville prisons; March, 18G5, ap- pointed colonel, 4tli Mo, Vol. ; disch. May, 1865. Birnes, Johu Dubois, chaplain, 13th Inf., Co. F; enl. May 16, 1861, two years ; appointed chaplain, July 4, 1861; res. on account of poor health, Aug. 6, 1862. Britton, Edward Daniel, corporal, 6th Cav., Co. L; enl. Jan. 29, 1864, three years, pro. to corporal, Jan. 1, 1865; disch. Aug. 9, 1865. Campbell, William Carlos 1st sergt., 141st Inf., Co. I; enl. Aug. 19, 1862, three years; disch. Feb. 2, 1863, disease of the lieart. Chase, Fiaucis Marion, private, 189th Inf, Co. I; enl. Sept. 9, 1864, one year; disch JuTie 10, 18G5. Cooper, Levi Cornell, musician, 6th Cav., Co. L ; cnl. Oct. 16. 1861, three years ; disch. for re-eul. Dec. 16, 1863, three years ; disch. Aug. 23, 1865. Badger, Herbert. Decker, John C, private, 50th Inf., Co. F. Dickinson, Edward, private, 20tli N.Y. Bat. ; eul. Sept. 6, 18G4, one year; disch. May 8, 1865. Erwiu, Samuel, piivate, 37th Inf., N. Y. M., Co. C; disch. Kvritt, Richard Philips, private, 86th Inf, Co. I; enl. March 22, 1862; three years; disch. July 4. 1865. Fox, George Henry, private, 77th Inf. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year; disch. Halsey, fllenzo Dw Witt, pr.vate, 2Utli Art., (.'o. E ; enl. Sept. 5, 1861, one year; transf about Sept. 20, 1864, to I4i!d Ui'gt., Co. E ; wounded in right loot in front of Richmond, Oct. 27, 1864; disch. June 24, 1865. Kimball, Floyg some eight or nine miles along the west bank of the Delaware River. During the Revolution he held a commission and served with some distinction in the American army. Soon after the close of the war he made a purchase of nearly five thousand acres of land in the Chemung Valley, near Tioga Point (now Athens), and subsequently, in the years 1789 and 1790 he purchased the town of Erwin and parts of the towns of Canisteo and Hornellsville. He was twice married, and reared a family of ten chil- dren, among whom his soiis, Capt. Samuel, Francis, and Maj. Arthur, bore a conspicuous part in the early settle- ment of this town and county. In the early summer of 1792 he visited liis possessions in this vicinity, accompanied by his two sons, Samuel and Francis, who were to remain and superintend his business here. On his return, while stopping at the house of Dan- iel McDuffe, one of his tenants, near Tioga Point, he was shot, and died within a few hours, — supposed to have been assassinated by an ejected squatter by the name of Thomas. Capt. Samuel Erwin. Capt. Samuel Erwin was born in Erwinna, Bucks Co., Pa., May 4, 1770, where he received the rudiments of an English education at the "select schools." In 1792 he accompanied his father to Painted Post, and remained in charge of his father's large possessions here till 1795 or 1796. On the 10th of January, 1799, he was commis- sioned by President Adams first lieutenant in the 11th Regiment of United States Infantry, his commission expir- ing with the President's term of office. President Jeffer- son, Feb. IG, 1802, commissioned him first lieutenant of -C^j (o^ C^'TT^^H^J « 1 TOWN OF ERWIN. 297 the 2d Regiment of United States Infantry, and he was subsequently promoted to the rank of captain. In 1801 he married Miss Rachel Heckman, of Easton, Pa., and removed from thence to Painted Post, in the summer of 1803, where he resided till his death, Nov. 10, 1836. Ho maintained, throughout his long life, a charac- ter for the highest respectability and integrity. Physically, Capt. Erwin was the ideal settler and pioneer, his height being nearly six and a half feet, and his frame erect and powerful. It is said that for physical vigor and endurance he had no equal in the county, if in Western New York. In manners he was a graceful gentleman of the old school, courteous, kind, obliging, careful for the wants of the sick or suffering, and a model of probity in all his social and business relations. " His genial and social qualities have left the most grateful recollections among those who knew him in the intimacies of friendship." In 1806, Capt. Samuel Irwin and his brother Francis were engaged in mercantile business, and continued sellin<'- goods till 1811. From some old papers it appears that Maj. Arthur Erwin was their clerk. GEN. FRANCIS E. ERWIN, the second son and third child of Capt. Samuel Erwin and Rachel Heckman, was born in the town of Erwin, Steuben Co., N. Y., May 3, 1803. He is one of a large and intel- ligent fiimily of ten children who grew to manhood and womanhood. His educational advantages were confined to the common schools of that early day, yet by that untiring energy which has been a prominent characteristic of him through life, he acquired a good practical education. He was reared a farmer, which honorable business, combined with that of lumbering and some minor interests, has con- tinued to be his occupation up to the present time. He has been successful in his financial dealings, and ranks among the solid and representative men of his native town. Gen. Erwin has been a life-long Democrat of the Jeffer- son and Jackson school. He is a firm believer in a redeem- able currency, or a currency redeemed in coin at the will of the holder. He has held many positions of trust and responsibility, the duties of which he has always faithfully discharged, and with satisfaction to his constituents. During the years 1838 and 1839 he was supervisor of his town. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842, and .served two terms. While in the Legislature he was a mem- ber of the Military committee, and during his second term was chairman of the same. The general's friends urged him to be a candidate for the third term, but he declined, preferring the quiet of home to official honors. He mar- ried Miss Sophia, daughter of Ansel McCall, of Painted Post, Jan. 23, 1827. She was born Oct. 23, 1806. Of this union, seven children were born in the town of Erwin, five of whom are still living, and are among the most re- spected citizens of the town or county. Mrs. Erwin died May 16, 1856. She was a lady highly esteemed for her excellent traits of character, and died re- gretted by those who knew her. Gen. Erwin has held all the military offices in the State militia, from the rank of corporal to that of general, save that of captain. 38 ARTHUR H. ERWIN, son of Capt. Samuel and Rachel H. Erwin, and grandson of Col. Arthur and Mary Erwin, of Scotch-Irish descent, was born in Erwin, Steuben Co., N. Y., Nov. 26, 1805. He was one of a family of nine children, all of whom lived to maturity. His early advantages for an education were chiefly confined to the common school of his town, then known as " Painted Post." When quite a young man he attended an academy at Easton, Pa., and here met Miss Frances M., daughter of William and Rebecca McKeen, his future wife. His boyhood was spent upon his father's farm, and he was also more or less engaged in lumbering. His father was engaged in the mercantile business at Painted Post ; hence Arthur also had more or less experience in the business. He was a partner with his father in the store for several years. He married, Feb. 2, 1828. Of this union twelve child- ren were born. All are living except the youngest, who died when quite young, and De Witt Clinton, who was a soldier in the Rebellion, in the 50th Engineer Corps, and was honorably discharged, and returned home to the farm, and died Dec. 11, 1873. All of this large family were born in the town of Erwin, and the larger part in the house where the widow and family now reside. Arthur H. continued in mercantile business till about 1830, when his health compelled him to seek outdoor em- ployment; hence he went on his father's farm and remained about one year, when he returned to Painted Post and re- sumed his former pursuit, continuing till the winter of 1834, when he settled on the large farm, which continued to be his home till his death, which occurred Aug. 1, 1863. During these years he was engaged in the foundry busi- ness under the firm-name, Erwin, Bennett, Brooks & Co. During Mr. Erwin's lifetime he was extensively engaged in lumbering, and was the owner of a steam saw-mill. Like many others of this community, he was engaged as a farmer and lumberman. Mr. Erwin inherited a large portion of his property ; has made great improvements upon his home- farm, which is one of the best in the town. This farm has never gone out of the Erwin family since its first purchase in 1789. In politics Mr. Erwin was formerly identified with the Whig party, but towards the close of his life he voted the Democratic ticket. He represented his town for eight consecutive years as its supervisor, and was such at the time of his death. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Painted Post, and Mr. Erwin became a member a .short time before his death. He was always a friend of educa- tion, and gave his children good opportunities for the same. He was a liberal supporter of the different churches of his town, and the poor found in him a friend indeed. He was a good citizen, a kind neighbor, a true and devoted hus- band, and an affectionate father. His name is held in grateful remembrance by the members of the family. He was buried in the family cemetery in Erwin, three and a half miles west of Painted Post. His widow still survives, and resides at the old home with her sou Winfield Scott and three of her daughtera. FREMONT. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The town of Fremont was formed from Hornellsville, Dansville, Wayland, and Floward, Nov. 17, 1854. The south end of Wayland, in township 5, was subsequently added, but a compromise was effected returning a part, leaving an addition one by two miles in extent. It is situated in the northern part of the county, near the east line, and is bounded by Dansville and Wayland on the north, Cohocton and Howard on the east, Howard and Hornells- ville on the south, and Hornellsville and Wayland on the west. It is an elevation of broken land, cut into small bodies by numerous knobs and ravines. It forms the divid- ing ridge between the Conhocton and Canisteo Rivers, and comprises, for the most part, fine grazing lands. The ridges and valleys alternate between hard pan and gravelly soil, fine wheat and farming land occurring in all parts of the town. ERECTION OF THE TOWN. Elisha J. Stephens, the first supervisor, was the principal mover in the erection of the town of Fremont. An at- tempt was being made to erect a new county, and to avoid the possibility of a more distant county-seat, Mr. Stephens mapped out a new town, which he gave the name Fremont, and procured its erection at the nest session of the Board of Supervisors, tliereb}' creating one additional vote in that board against the new county. SETTLEMENT. Mr. Stephens, a son of Capt. Nathaniel Stephens, of Canisteo, moved from that town in 1834, and entered the wilderness to operate the saw- and grist-mills of Daniel Up- son, the first mills built in the town. The .saw-mill was built in 1816, and the grist-mill in 1819. At the time of his purchase there was only a little log cabin down in the ravine by the mill, and another occupied by David Dun- ham, a preacher, who still lives there, near the present tavern. There was a small clearing, made by " Jerry" Carrington, in 1818, and all else was woods. Mr. Ste- phens repaired the mill, and added a separator and smut- mill, a new thing in those days, inducing customers to come from a long distance, and even past other mills. A black- smith was induced to locate at the mill, and a cooper came and made barrels for the flour. One hundred acres of land were cleared the first season. In 1839 a daughter of Mr. Stephens dying, was buried on the extreme corner of the clearing, and afterwards the cemetery was located at that point. The first store in the village was opened by Cor- nelius H. Stephens, in 1858, five years after the post-office was established. The Stephens Hotel was opened in 1854. The village is named Fremont Centre, but the post-oflace is Stephens' Mills. It is located upon a high bench of land 298 overlooking Stephens Creek, and extends for half a mile along the base of a knob which rises abruptly to a height of ninety feet above the level of its street. From the top of this hill may be seen level farm-lands in the distance, and fringes of low timber filling the ravines, which are too deep and dark to be worth clearing. To the east, as you look from the hill-top over the little village, is the residence of Alvin Gates, son of Salmon Gates, who made the first settlement in 181(j, half a mile to the north, where you see the old homestead. This, one of the finest farms in the town, is occupied by another son, Syphorus Gates. Levi, brother of Salmon Gates, settled just out of sight — to the west, and his son, G. W. Gates, lives in the fine house at the we.st end of the village. Just below the village, in the valley, where the grist-mill stands, were the old Upson mills, to which hard-working men came years ago with bags of corn on their backs. Close under the hill to the east, half hidden by a grove of hemlock, is the Advent church and cemetery. A few straggling houses continue to the valley beyond. Far beyond this church, where the eye rests on a broad, level hill-top, at the west line of the town, was made the first settlement in the present town of Fremont, by Job B. Rathbun, father of William B. Rathbun, the present oc- cupant, and last of the family bearing the name in this State. Job B. Rathbun came from Connecticut and settled in Dansville, where he was pathmaster as early as 1810. Moving on to the hill in the spring of 1812, he built the first house in the town, just behind the present residence. Half-way between Stephens' mill and the point of first settlement, known as Job's Corners, is an open basin a mile across, the lands gradually sloping until they join in the valley, and extending in cleared farms to the hill-tops on either side. In this valley, just beyond the old orchard on the right as you ascend the stream to the west, is the residence of the first neighbor of Job B. Rathbun, Abel H. Baldwin, who came from Otsego County in 1812, and is now the oldest man in the town, as well as the oldest settler. Mr. Baldwin was born in March, 1878, and has lived with his wife, who is still living, sixty-six years. Thomas, father of Sylvester and John A. Buck, settled just beyond the orchard, and built his log cabin on the top of the hill. They were natives of Washington County. The only other settler within six miles at that time was Job Rathbun, two miles east, over the ridge, and the road consisted mainly of white spots blazed upon the trees with an axe. They used first to carry their grists to Bath to be ground. John A. Buck married Re- becca, the daughter of his neighbor Baldwin, Aug. 24, 1815, and settled on the ridge near by. They were the first couple married in the town of Fremont, Their son, Charles E. Buck, born Nov. 12, 1816, was the first white (^^'/^ ^ Jie^Jjyy^P The subject of this sketch is of English origin. It is related that three brothers — Thomas, Richard, and Henry Stephens — came to America from Ireland some time during King Philip's war, served during said war as colonels, and afterwards settled: Thomas, in Massachusetts; Richard, in Charleston, S. C. ; and Henry, in Hartford, Conn. Elisha G. Stephens, eldest son of Nathan Stephens and Rachel Gilbert, of Canisteo, and grandson of Jedediah and Abi- gail Stephens, natives of Connecticut, was born in Addison, Steuben Co., N. Y., March 21, 1805. He is a lineal de- scendant of the fifth generation from Henry Stephens. He received a common-school education, and taught school four winters. He remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age ; then worked at the carpenter and joiner trade until he was thirty years of age. He married Sarah Bennett, daughter of William and Mary Bennett, of Canisteo, May 21, 1829. She was born at Hornellsville, April 30, 1807. Her father was a son of Captain Solomon Bennett, one of the twelve who was a purchaser of the original towns of Canisteo and Hornells- ville of Phelps and Gorham. Of this union five children have been born, — one who died in infancy. William B., who married Samantha Van Scoter, and has two living children, Floyd L. and Ira B. ; he is at home with his father, and is at present a merchant at Stephens' Mills ; Emeline, deceased ; Benton W., who is at home with his father on the farm ; and Le Roy, deceased. The first three were born in Canisteo, and the other two in Fremont. Elisha G. continued to follow his trade until Jan- uary, 1834, when he settled in the present town of Fre- mont, but at that time known as Hornellsville. During his residence in this place he has ever been the leading man, and to him more than to any other one is honor due for the growth and prosperity of the little hamlet which now bears his name. He purchased the mills known as Upson Mills, and has continued to own them ever since. He has also more than one hundred and fifty acres of land, besides the public- house of the place, which was his home at the time of the death of his wife, May 29, 1861. Mr. Stephens has been a life-long Democrat of the Jef- fersonian school. He has held various ofiices of trust and honor in the towns of Canisteo, Hornellsville, and Fremont, having served as supervisor of Hornellsville two terms and magistrate four years, and in Fremont was the first supervisor of the town after its organization for two terms, and magistrate for more than twenty years. He has often represented his town as a delegate to congressional conven- tions. Mr. Stephens belongs to one of the very earliest pioneer families of Steuben County, his father — Nathan — having settled in Canisteo as early as 1790. The names " Stephens" and " Stevens" are one and the same. As a man, Mr. Stephens is respected by all. He is now nearly seventy-four years of age, hale and hearty, and retains the vigor of youth, and does more town business than any other man. TOWN OF FREMONT. 299 cliild born in tlie town. Miss Lydia Everett taught the first school. The first death in the town was that of Mrs. Amos Baldwin, which occurred Dec. 12, 1815. Ira Travis was an early settler to the south of Mr. Rathbun, in the valley of Big Creek. Solomon and Jacob Condorinan were early settlers between Baldwin's and Job's Corners. Capt. Joseph Bartholomew, from Washington County, father of Ebcr Bartholomew, settled south of Job's Corners in the southeast part of the town. The road from Fremont Centre to Hornellsville, six miles distant, winds among numerous round knobs of cleared land, rising from twenty to eighty feet above the surfiice of the rolling lands which they obstruct, and overlooks deep, nar- row openings, dark with hemlock, or green with growing grain. Before these were cleared, they were the haunts of wolves, wild-cats, and beasts of prey ; furnishing a secure retreat from the pursuing hunter. Past these to the south, close beside a beautiful grove of beech and maple, is the residence of Morrison Harding, one of the leading farmers of the town, where Lemuel Harding, his father, settled in 181(i. Soon after, Oliver Harding, a soldier of the Revolution, who left the Wyoming Valley at the time of the massacre, moved into the place with his other sons, Oliver, Jr., Ju.s- tus, Abram, and Henry, giving the name of Harding Hill to that part of tlie town. Samuel Sharp settled west of Harding soon after. Elisha Strait, who came in 1815, was the first settler in the north part of the town, and was joined on the south by Edward Markham and Francis Drake, in 1816. Jerry Kinney and George Nutting, Barnet Bray ton, Henry Cotton, and Leonard Briggs formed a settlement at the head of the west branch of Neil's Creek, in 1819. When these settlers came, there was a camp of some 20 Indians on the Cotton place, in the valley, where they hunted during the season. Henry Cotton, who came from Washington County, still lives with his son, Samuel Cotton, on the old homestead. The first clearing in the vicinity of Haskinville was made by Alexander Kelly, father of Charles Kelly, on the Isaac Rathbone place, half a mile east. James Rider, father of L. 31. Rider, and William Has- kins came together from Saratoga County in 1818, and set- tled across the creek from Henry Cotton. William Holden made shingles in a little log house, in 1834, and had a few acres partially cleared, but soon after sold out his improvement to William Haskin, who moved there and opened the first tavern in the town, on the same ground, in 1836. The village, which has grown around the old tavern, is situated in a deep valley near the head of Neil's Creek, and consists of a store, hotel, cheese-factory, shoe-shop, and twenty residences. Half a mile above is a saw-mill. A mail-route from Wallace's to Hornellsville, by stage, passes through, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Half a mile over the hill, to the west of Haskinville, in a sheltered little valley, is the beautiful farm of Leadran 11. Benjamin, the present supervisor of the town. Here his father, Silas Benjamin, located, when ho came from Ot- sego County, in 1834. In 1820 Gideon Maynard, from Cayuga County, settled on the high dividing-ridge near the Methodist Episcopal church, making the first settlement in that vicinity, on the farm now occupied by his son, Richard Maynard. In the northwest corner of the town Stephen Holden, father of Jedediah and Stephen Holden, Jr., settled in 1816 on land still occupied by his sons. From this high divide may be obtained a most comprehensive view of that part of Steuben County west of Bath and north of the valley of the Canisteo River. The lands, which are here high and rolling, pre.sent the appearance of a general level, cut through with occasional valleys and ravines, from which show the tops of standing timber ; while beyond the view blends into a line of nearly level farms and skirts of woodland to the east. To the south and west the more distant hills of central Allegany and southern Steuben blend with the hazy skies beyond. From here, looking to the southeast, may be seen the vast level of cleared farms in eastern Fremont, at Job's Corners, where the first hardy adventurer, Job B. Rathbun, located far beyond Dansville, towards Bath, in 1812, when those two towns were the great business centres of an almost unbroken wilderne.ss. These high and airy points were selected first by the pioneers, and their trails were marked along the tops of all the ridges long before the opening of roads through the more difficult valleys. Long before these hills were bared the noblest game of the forest had fled. In 1818, Daniel Upson, the miller, killed the last elk seen in the town ; but wolves remained much later. An early settler, who penned his little flock of sheep in a high inclosure, was astonished to find two wolves with them in the morning, unable to climb the high walls which sloped inward, and too much alarmed at the situation to have a taste for mutton. Sometimes a wolf would be tracked to the " knolls" in the south part of the town, when a gen- eral hunt would be instituted, the retreat surrounded, and close figuring ensue on the division of the bounty, which was from §40 to $60 apiece on each wolf" killed in the town." It is related how a shrewd hunter for several years guarded the secret of a she wolf's retreat, stealing her young and rearing them until old enough to take a bounty, and how he trapped wolves where they were plentiest, leading them home securely tied, to kill them in his own town " accord- ing to law." Sometimes, too, these early settlers were in want of bread. Mr. Upson, the miller, relates how when he had been repairing his mill, and started it on Sat- urday night, the settlers, who were waiting with backloads of corn, forced him to grind all night and far into the Sab- bath, that their little ones might have bread. The lumbering of the town has ceased to furnish em- ployment, but little timber being left, except upon the waste land along the ravines, and some beautiful groves upon the uplands, which are reserved for tlie manufacture of maple-sugar in the spring, which is still a profitable in- dustry in favored seasons. The roads are generally superior, and the scenery varied and picturesque. Buildings are of modern construction, the open fireplace of the fathers having almost entirely disappeared. Many of the farmers of the town are engaged in active business pursuits during the winters. Four cheese-factories are in operation in dif- ferent parts of the town, located respectively on Big Creek 300 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. in the southeast, where is also a post-office ; at Haskinville, on the farm of John M. Kelly, near Stephens' Mill, and in the southwest part of the town, on Harding Hill. There are two Grange organizations in the town, and one Odd-Fellows' society. The main business of the town centres at Fremont Centre. Elisha G. Stephens, who re- sides here, has been a leader in public afl'airs of the town since its formation, and for twenty-four years has been a magistrate. He and Morrison Harding were prominent in support of the government and furnishing volunteers during the war of the Rebellion. Among the leading men of the town are William E. Rathbun, J. Jolly, L. H. Benjamin, Daniel Wainright, D. M. Page, L. n" Rider, and William B. Stephens. FREMONT CENTRE. Fremont Centre contains one store, the Methodist Epis- copal and Advent church, a hotel, shoe-, blacksmith-, and wagon-shops, cheese-factory, fiouring-mill, and thirty-five residences. Mails are received Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays by stage from Wallace Station, in Avoca, and by stage from South Dansville to Hornellsville, and return Wed- nesdaj's and Thursdays. ORGANIZATION. At the first annual town-meeting of the town of Fremont, held in E. G. Stephens' hotel, at Fremont Centre, Feb. 13, 1S55, the following officers were elected: Elisha G. Steph- ens, Supervisor; Franklin Dartt, Town Clerk ; Jason Ranger, Salmon Gates, Ebenezer H. Mason,* Justices of the Peace; Randal F. Beecher, Isaac P. Haskin, and Morrison Hard- ing,t Assessors ; Hiram Culver, Norman Eldredge, William Haskin.J Commissioners of Highways ; James R. Babcock, Collector ; Cornelius Conderman, Overseer of the Poor ; Derick Goes, Joshua YV. Palmer, Caleb Bullock, Inspectors of Election ; John Eldredge, Henry J. Pawling, George Bartholomew, Thomas McAdams, Constables; J. S. M. B. Green, Town Sealer. George Collins, Jr., was appointed Commissioner of Schools, March G, 1855. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1855. Elisha G. Stephens Franklin Dartt. James R. Babcock. 185C. tt u » « 1857. Lorenzo N. Rider. Wm. B. Stephens. Henry J. Pawling. 1858. « (( Franklin Dartt. « .< 1859. ti it Wm. B. Stephens. John B. Cummins. 1860. Jason Ranger. tt ti Stephen B. Haskin. 1861. ti It Samuel B. Hendee. John Sternburgh. 1862. Othniel Preston. Daniel Wainright. Almond T. Allis. 1863. ti t( a ti Henry Pickle. 1S6+. Samuel E. Ilaskin. Samuel B. Hendee. Syphoras Gates. 1865. Wni. B. Stephens. Daniel Wainright. Milo Canfield. 1866. " Dwight jVIanwaring Orrin L. Rider. 1867. W. 13. Rathbun. AY. A. Chapman. a 1868. Wm. B. Stephens. Calvin Bullock. Alpheus Harding. 1869. Escls Page. Orrin L. Rider. it it 1870. tt tt Daniel Wainright. It tt =s Elected in Howard, f Elected in Hornellsville. i L. M. Rider, elected in Howard, also held over the balance of his term one vear. Supervisoi?. 1871. Esek Page. 1872. " " 1873. Ira Carrington. 1S74. " " 1875. D. iMerville Page. 1876. Calvin Bullock. 1877. L. H. Benjamin. 1S78. " " Town Clerks. Daniel Wainright. Albert Good no. Daniel Wainright. Collectors. Nathan Razey. Orrin L. Rider. J. R. Conderman. it it McldoD J. Harding. it it Cameron Cotton. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. JUSTICES JasoD Ranger. Salmon Gates. Ebenezer H. Mason. L. M. Rider. E. H. Mason. George Collins, Jr. John Cole. William B. Rathbun. Charles Bullock. Esek Page. Elisha G. Stephens. Hiram Culver. Joseph J. Burnham. James Timmcrman. F. G. Allis. Esek Page. Finley McColum. THE PEACE. 1865. P. S. Burdett. 1866. Elisha G. Stephens. 1867. Martin E. Hamlin. 1868. Paul S. Burdett. Harrison Russell. 1869. George Collins. 1870. Elisha G. Stephens. 1871. Tcherick P. Vankeuren. 1872. Paul S. Burdett. 1873. George Collins. 1874. Elisha G. Stephens. 1875. Byron C. Hurlbut. Harrison Russell. 1876. Tcherick P. Vankeuren. 1877. James S. Brownson. 1878. Elisha G. Stephens. CHURCHES. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first meetings of this society were held by Rev. David Dunham, in Byron Harlow's house, in 1828, and in the Harlow school-house on Big Creek, in 1830, by Revs. John Arnold and Levi B. Castle. In 1831, Rev. Cyrus Story formed the first class. Ambrose, David, and John Dunham, and their wives, Byron Harlow and wife, Zilum Pratt and wife, Dexter Pratt and wife, John Mason and wife were first members. The first class-leader was David Dunham ; first steward. Dexter Pratt. The pastors have been Revs. Cyrus Story, John Shaw, and Andrew B. Pickard, E. Dowd ; 1864-65, M. Fillmore, Asa Story, Robert Packer, Israel Kellogg, and Gage, Ira Bronson, Nelson Hoag, Samuel P. Gurnesey, M. D. Jackson, C. G. Lowell, J. J. Turten, Daniel D. Van Allen, Eliza F. Bliven, A. S. Baker, John II. Perry, Delos Potter, L. R. Crippin, Geo. F. Cole; 1876, E. Batchelder; 1877, Aaron Sornberger; 1878-79, John Irons. The Methodist Episcopal Church of the town is com- prised in three separate classes, located on Big Creek, in the southeast, on Briar Hill, in the west, and at Fremont Centre. WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH. The first meetings were held by Rev. Stephen D. Trembley, who organized a class in the Gulf school-house, in the south- east part of the town, in 1831. Jacob Winnie and wife, Jesse Bartholomew and wife, and John Pauling and wife were among the first members. The Haskinville circuit was formed in 1855, by Rev. S. D. Trembley. A church was built by J. W. Faiden, Geo. H. Sprague, and Isaac R. Rathbun, trustees, at an expense of $1000, and dedicated Dec. 23, 1876, by Rev. L. N. Stratton. List of pastors: 1855, S. D. Trembley ; 1858, C. C. Reynolds ; 1860, G. W. Scudder; 1861, M. Q. MeFarland ; 1862, G. L. Payne; 1867, P. S. Stratton ; 1868, Henry W. Bixby; 1873, John MRS.)^ENRY COTrON. fJENRY COTTON HENRY COTTON, son of Silas and Elizabeth Cotton, was born in Hartford, Wash- ington Co., N. Y., June 20, 1798. His father was a native of Rhode Island, and settled in Washington County at a very early day. He was a farmer by occupation, and continued to reside in Hartford until his death. He reared a family of eleven chil- dren, of whom Henry was the fifth child. The grandfather of Henry was Samuel Cotton, a native of Rhode Island also, who settled in Hartford, Washington Co., about 1814, and remained until his death. Henry Cotton was reared on the farm, and has continued to follow the same until the present time. He has also been somewhat engaged as a dealer in cattle and sheep. He worked out by the month on a farm for two seasons before coming to Steuben County. He located on his present farm in November, 1819. He came here in company with Messrs. Barnard, Bray- ton, and William E. Congdon. He has made all the improve- ments on his present farm of one hundred and sixty-eight acres. Mr. Cotton is a substantial farmer and citizen, and to such men is due the credit of making Steuben County what it is today. He is highly spoken of by those who know him. He married Almira, daughter of Daniel Martin, Dec. 28, 1820. She was born Oct. 6, 1802, in Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y. Of this union five children have been bom, viz. : Silas, born June 7, 1822, married Miss Sally Ann Mack, Dec. 31, 1845, and had one son, George E. ; Silas Cotton and wife are dead ; Lydia Ann, bom Nov. 8, 1827, married George Collins, Feb. 22, 1846, and has five children ; Samuel Cotton was born Sept. 20, 1831, married Sarah Carrington, April 17, 1850, and has two children ; Daniel Cotton was born Aug. 16, 1837, married Jane Tuller, Feb. 17, 1859, and has two children ; and Juliza Cotton was born Oct. 1, 1839, and married William H. Bowen, Feb. 17, 1859, and has nine children. Mrs. Henry Cotton was a member of the Baptist Church, was a lady highly esteemed, and left a name which is cherished to-day by members of the family. She died March 6, 1857, and was buried in the BeachvUle Cemetery in DansvUle. Mr. Cotton married Miss Desdamona Phelps, a native of Vermont, but a resident of Steuben County after she was twelve years of age, Jan. 7, 1858. She was a member of the Universalist Church. She died Sept. 28, 1875. Mr. Cotton has been a Democrat the larger part of his life. He is now an old gentleman, hale and hearty, living on the same place he purchased in 1819. He is a member of the Baptist Church. He has a large and interesting family of children and grand- children, who love and respect their aged father and grandfather. Out of five couple who were married within six weeks of one another, all are now dead save the subject of this sketch ; so, one by one, the old pioneers are joining the innumerable caravan who are marching to the pale realms of shade. TOWN OF FREMONT. 301 Eandolf ; 1874, J. W. Fancher; 1878, J. H. Cook. Past elders, G. L. Pajiie, J. Bartholomew, Jacob Ward. Li- censed, Jacob McDowell. Present officers, J. H. Cook, Pastor ; George H. Sprague, Erastus Hard, Trustees ; Isaac R. Ratlibun, Clerk and Class- Leader, Haskinville ; George Bardeau, Class- Leader at Big Creek school-house. Present membership 76, some of whom live in adjoining towns. EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The first meetings of this society were missionary meet- ings, held by German preachers from Pennsylvania, in the house of Jacob Conderman, in 1828. Meetings were held here, and also funeral.s, until the building of the church near by, in 1800. The trustees were Jacob H. Conder- man, Andrew Holmer, and John Nipher. Among the first members were Jacob Conderman and wife and Mrs. Polly Helmer. The pa.stors were Revs. Jacob Rail, Henry Graves, Jacob Moose, Henry Curtiss, James F. Shults. Present Pastor, John H. Peters; Clerk, Wm. R. Babcock ; Steward, Adam Helmer. Present mem- bership, 40. The church was dedicated in July, 1860, by the Rev. John Wagner. THE FIRST ADVENT CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF FREMONT. In 1870, Rev. William A. Fenn, of Rochester, then an Advent preacher, came to Fremont in response to an invi- tation from some of the citizens, and pitched a tent on the flat south of the present Advent church, from which he commenced to preach daily. Some thirty persons were converted to his doctrine during the two weeks he remained. Among the converts were Alvin Gates and wife, George W. Gates and wife, Hubbard Head and wife, Mrs. Ruth Ship- ham, Mrs. Celia Gates, Cassius Booth, Willard Westcott and wife, Mrs. Daniel Head, Ephraim Bcntley and wife, John and Fanny Mauhart, Isaac Masterman and wife. Burton Dart and wife, Fayette Robinson and wife, and M. Carrington. After the departure of Mr. Fenn, Rev. John W. Taylor filled his place. Syphonius Gates was chosen Elder ; Burton Dart and Isaac Masterman, Deacons. In 1871, a church was built and paid for, at an expen.se of $1600. The church was dedicated by Rev. William A. Fenn. Pastors : Revs. John W. Taylor, A. G. Briggs, 0. Wendell, Seymour Moo.se, Henry Zeigiifus. Present membership, 30. Deacons : John P. Oswald, William Roberts. Trustees : John P. Oswald, Fayette Robinson, Burton Dart, William Roberts. At a meeting held at the house of Increase Miller, in the east part of the town, in 1853, George Morris was chosen Chairman, and Rev. A. S. Baker, Secretary ; Richard Maynard, Wm. Osborn, George Morris, Thomas Osborn, and David Dunham were chosen trustees, and a church was built soon after, on the land of Increase Miller, at an expense of 8900. The first class-leader was David Dunham. Present officers: Luther M. Osborn, Clerk; Russell White, Cla.ss-leader ; Russell White, Thomas Davis, John Kelly, Stewards. Present membership, 7. A church was built at Fremont Ceutre by John M. Kelly, Isaiah Ingals, and Samuel B. Hendee, Trustees, at an expense of $4000, and dedicated Oct. 8, 1874, by Rev. D. W. C. Huntington. The present officers are Russell C. White, Class-Leader ; Melvin L. Osborn, Clerk ; Caleb "Bullock, Samuel B. Hendee, John M. Kelly, Trustees. Present membership, 38. MILITARY RECORD OP FREMONT. Alexander Maynard, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. Charles Qneisser, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. Harrison Russell, privale, Co. K, lOTIli N. Y. Inf. ; cnl. Ang. 13, 1862. Samuel E. Kider, sergt., Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1802. James M. Kelly, Corp., Co. F, Itlst N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11, 1SC2. Amos D. Mason, Corp., Co F, 141st Y. N.Iiif ; enl. Sept. 1I,18C2. Eugene E. Abner, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1SC2. Harvey J. Bennett, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 11,1802. Warron Briggs, Co. P, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1802. Edgar W. Brown, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. II, 1802. Sweet B. Coburn, sejgl., Co. F, UUt N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. Samuel A. H. Conderman, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. '' Daniel C. Cook, Co. F, 141.st N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. George Coburn, Co. F, lllst N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. Orrin Conderman, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; cnl. Aug. 11, 1802. ^ Russell B. Carrington, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf.; enl. .\ug. 11, 1802. Warren A. L. Demery, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. Trumair C. Gil/ljs, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. William H. Harrison, Co. F, lllst N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. Dexter V. B. Jolly, Co, F. 141st N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. As.ael Mead, Co. F, 14Ist N. Y. Inf.; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. James H. Moore, Corp., Co. F, 141st N. Y. luf. ; cnl. Ang. 11, 1802. Albert Manliart, Co. F, 14Ut N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Aug. 11, 1SC2. Thoniiis Robinson, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Ang. 11, 1802. Franklin M. Reynolds, Co. F, Hist N. Y. Inf.; cnl. .\ug.ll, 1802. Daniel Wheeler, wagoner, Co. F, 141st N. Y.; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Edward Cole, Co. A, 25lb Cav.; cnl. Feb. 20, 1804. Thomas W. Cotton, Corp., Co. F, lllst N. Y. Inf. Leonard N. Hengenir, Co. F, 14Ist N. Y. liif. Orlando Pettis. H,arvey J. Bennett. Benjiimin S. Johnson, Co. F, Hist N. Y. Inf. Samuel A. Conderman. Orrin Conderman. Charles F. Hamlin, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. Henry Tuttle, ISOth N. Y. Inf. Lisfomb C. Robinson, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. Melanilithon Barber, piivatc, Co. D, S6th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 5, 1801. Alon/.o Davis, private, Co. D, 86th Regt.; enl. Sept. .'"), 1861. Jacob A. Duel, private, Co. D, 86lh Regt. ; enl. Nov. 2, 1861. John M. Kelly, 1st sergt., Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. Tbomas Robinson, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf Abrani Bnssell, Co. F, 141st N. Y. Inf. William E. Codington, Co. F, Ulst N. Y. luf. John Brown. Edward Brown. Steward Shinebarger. John Swain. Duane Cook, l.ith N. Y. Vol. Inf. Hendrick Ratlibun. SGth N. \. Inf. Samuel Smith, 8nth N. Y. Inf Francis Hurlburt, 86tli N. Y. Inf. James R. Stephens, ItMlh N. Y^. Inf. William B. Travis, 104th N. Y. Inf. Horatio Allen, lolth N. Y. Inf. Ira Allen, 104th N. Y. Inf Henry Head, 104tli N. Y. Inf. Sweet Brayton, 107th N. Y. Inf. Cla-k Preston. lllTth N. Y. Inf. Reuben Ziuimernian, 107th N. Y. Inf. Delos Br.iwncll, Co. K, 107th N. Y. Inf. John A. Brownell, Co. K, 107th N. Y. Inf The following men enlisted on the call of the President of Oct. 17, 1S03 : James D. Jolly, Benjamin Hnlburt, Jacob G. Winnie, George M. Saxton, Isaac W. Trowbridge, George H. Vredenbnrg, Henry Barber, John Wisler, Warren Briggs, Joseph Ueed, Henry Cohen, Charles F. Stephens, Francis Hurlburt, Silas Manning, Benjamin J. Miller, Monroe Betron, James F. Davis, Charles liladdison, Isaiah K. Martin. The following men enlisted under the last call: James Scott, George Mason. Robert D. Person, John Seaman, John S. Early, Edward Murphy, Peleg Decker, Amos H. Ercubmck, Edward Forte, Merritt Stanton, William Gorman, Edward Qninn, Daniel Wilc.ix, John Williams, Edward Willom, Oeoige Klemhany, James H.Stevens, Patrick McGuire, Thomas Crook- ■bhank, Charles H. Bonnin, George B. McClosy, Joseph Lichield. GREENWOOD. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The town of Greenwood was formed from Troupsburgh and Canisteo, Jan. 24, 1827. West Union was taken from it in 1845, and a part of Jasper was anne.xed in 1848. It lies upon the western border of the county, and is bounded nortii by Hartsville, east by Jasper, soutli by West Union, and west by the county line. Bennett's Creek runs through the east part of the town tbrougii a valley excavated from four to six hundred feet below the hill-tops. The central and western part of the town is rolling u])land of clayey loam, the valleys being loam mixed with gravel and shale. E.VRLV SETTLEMENT. Alexander H. Stephens came up Bennett's Creek from Cani.steo, in company with Anson Robinson, popularly known as " llobinson Crusoe," and commenced the first clearing in the town of Greenwood, a mile north of the present village, on the Hovey Stephens place, in the spring of 1821. Ezra Cobey, a Prussian, had previou.sly made a small clearing three miles down the creek, in Canisteo. The road had been chopped up through the valley and south to the ■ State line, by the land-office, but was not cleared. They worked hereduring the summer and part of the winter, living in a log cabin and working on their mill, Mrs. John Stephens coming up occasionally to do their cooking. The family did not move into Greenwood until the mill was running. Ezra and John H. Stephens moved up the valley first, and Phineas came soon after. The mill, to which was soon added two " run" of stones, was built near the Brundage mill, and run by an undershot breast-wheel. The outlines of the old pond are still marked by willows. This was the first mill built in the town, and was operated by Uriah Stephens until 1825, when Colonel John Stephens moved into the town. At this time there was no mill in roach of the settlements down the creek nearer than at Wombougli's, on the Tuscarora, and another north, on the Canisteo. Settlement along the creek was made very fast after the mill was built. Deacon Jacob Manning, from New Hampshire, came in 1823, his family consisting of his wife and one son, Daniel Manning. Dennis Sanford settled back on the hill, to- wards Krusin's Corners, in 1824. Eleazer Woodward came in 1823, from New Hampshire, and opened a tannery on a small stream to the east, near the mill. Sebe Norton and Stephen Powell settled in the southwest part of the town, on the ridge, and Enoch Ordway and his two sons- in-law, " Hoose" Carr and Ezra Lovejoy, Hiram Putnam, John H. Hoyt, Joseph and Josephus Bachelor, and Jacob Manning settled along and near the creek. Guy Wardwell lived on the strip of land annexed to Greenwood from Jas- per before any other settlement was made in the town. 302 Next to building a mill, the opening of a tavern and cross- roads was an alluring enterprise. In the fall of 1824, Levi Davis, of Dryden, Tompkins Co., came and bought the site of the present village of Greenwood, built a log house, and in March, 1825, moved in and opened a tavern. In one corner of the room a bar was fenced off, in which he sold goods, which consisted mainly of tea, snufF, cotton cloth, tobacco, pork, and whisky (worth twenty cents a gallon at the still ), oats, hay, and indigo for coloring cloth. This was the first tavern and store in the town. As business increased, he added a bed- room to the front stoop, and built a kitchen in the rear. Mr. Davis also commenced the manufacture of pot and pearl ashes, which he continued for thirty years. The farmers when clearing their land gathered and saved the ashes, which (hey boiled down in bad weather, selling the black ash at the store. Seven hundred bushels of ashes were re- quired for a ton of potash, which would be worth from §80 to $100. A man could make $10 a month by gathering his ashes and boiling down the proceeds. This was a cash business, the Liverpool market readily absorbing these chemicals, until (he Russians entered into competition some years later. The first post-office in the town was at this store. Joshua L. Chapman, then a boy of fifteen, carried the mails on horseback through the dense forest from Hor- nellsville to Canisteo. passing through Greenwood, the jour- ney taking him one day each way. This was in 1828-29. In 1826, Col. Ira Davenport, father of Hon. Ira Davenport, the present State senator, became Mr. Davis' partner. David Foote and Wm. Ferguson, who bought two village lots of Redmond Davis, a short distance above the store, and opened a coffin and furniture manufactory in 1830, were the next settlers in the future village. Some of their heavy carved work is still treasured by Mr. Davis, as specimens of artistic skill. In 1830, Benjamin F. Brundage moved from Bath, and erected a carding and cloth-dressing factory in Greenwood, in which he did a successful business until its destruction by fire in 1846, when it was replaced by the present ttouring- mill. Mr. Brundage has been a prominent citizen. Of his seven sons, Robert L. and Benjamin C. are prominent lawyers ; Israel M. a successful farmer, — he has for several years been supervisor of the town ; and John M. Brundage has been justice of sessions. Daniel MeCormick came from the county of Antrim in 1832, and built a grist-mill at Rough and Ready. In 1834 his brother James came, bringing his wife and two little children, arriving in the winter at New York City, where he bought a one-hor.se wagou, and started up the North River on his overland journey to his new home, which he reached about the middle of January, after twenty-four days TOWN OF GREENWOOD. 303 nf almost insufferable hardship, arrived at liis destination, and purchasing an improvement, made that summer the first three firlcins of butter for marlcet which were shipped from tlie town. He soon increased his dairy to 30 cows, and built him a house, three stories in height, on the point of a high hill overlooking the village, from which he took the name of " High Jimmy" McCormick, as he is popu- larly known throughout the surrounding country. Among the earlier settlers are also Henry Young, who came from Tompkins County in 182C, and settled where his .son William now lives. George Updike came from Seneca County in 1828; Benjamin Edwards from NewBeld, Tompkins Co., in 1880 ; Wni. Atkins from Enfield in 1832 ; Abrain Williamson and Daniel llicliey from Uly.sses in 1827, settling in the west part of the town. John J. Dutclier settled near Kruseii's in 1820. John Kogers, from Lansing, Cayuga Co., settled in the soutii part of the town, near the old Catholic church, in 1832. Hiram Bur- ger, who lives near Greenwood village, came with his father, Ezekiel Burger, from Troupsburgh, where he was born, in 1815. Enos Smith came from Seneca County in 1828, and settled on the hill west of the village. Homer Mallory, supervisor of Greenwood for the past six years, is a son of Samuel Mallory, who came from Connecticut, and settled near Kru.sen's Corners in 1838. John Balsby settled in the northwest corner of the town in 1828. Charles C, son of Ezra Stephens, was the first white child born in the town, his birth occurring in 1824. The first marriages were, on Christmas, 1828, Hiram Putnam to Lucinda, daughter of Ezra Stephens; and, June 14, 1829, Redmond Davis, son of Levi Davis, to Jane, daugh- ter of Nathaniel Porter. The first school was taught by Sarah Carr. When the first settlements were made, the valley was filled with a heavy growth of nutritious herbage, upon which cattle were driven up from the river to fatten. The first settlement south was Mr. Olmstead's, now Rexvillo. Richard Krusen came from Dryden in 1825, and opened the cross-roads, four miles west of Davis' store, towards Andover, where he kept a tavern until the country had become well settled, and railroads changed the routes of travel. Acting as a sub agent for the land-office at Bath, he did much towards attracting a good cla.ss of settlers from his native country. In 1828, the first clearing west of Greenwood was that of Jo.seph Crossing, and just beyond, on the Ridge road, lived Randal Pease and Daniel Richey, who came in 1827. The next place west, on the hill, was Aden Lewis, William Brown, and Timothy Terpeting. Then, nearly opposite each other, were James and William Bess; and back some distance from the road was John Potter. Timothy Hol- loway from Dutchess County, on the right, was the next .settler, and half a mile through the dark woods was the little clearing of Elisha Sanford. Joiniiig the Sanford place was An.son Cook, Esq. Robert Richards lived where Alva Richards, who came in 1834, now lives. Nathaniel Richards, their father, came in 1828. Enos Mead, from Newfield, Tompkins Co., made the first clearing west of Krusen's Corners, in 1827. His son, Alvin Mead, who came a few months later, brought the first wagon into that part of the town, his brothers chop- ping the road ahead ihr him to drive through. Mr. Mead contracted for 1050 acres of land, and brought several families of his relatives. The Mead settlement became a centre of improvement, and a post-office was established there in 1842, with Alvin Mead postmaster. The post- office was discontinued on the opening of another at Rex- ville, in the north part of West Union. William Burrows was an early settler still west, near the county line, and built a saw-mill in 1830. Joshua Gold- smith, a son-in-law of Derrick Krusen, the school-teacher, lived near him. Half a mile north of Krusen's Corners was the log school-house where Sophie Phelps taught school. There were many small clearings in that part of the town as early as 1830. A spring of salt water was discovered by Ezekiel Burger, a native of Delaware County, while hunting, before the set- tlement of the town. This spring was a resort for deer and elk, and was well known by the Indians, who watched for them as they came to drink its waters. Mr. Burger and a Mr. Mathews had built a couple of cabins at the spring, one roofed with elm-bark, and the other with what was called a "stake and ridered roof;" that is, built in at the top, and the I'ough-split shingles laid in courses and held in place-by logs laid over each cour.se and held in place by stakes or wooden pins. The spring was close to the creek, but a drill had been erected and a well sunk sixty-four feet by hand, when the drill was broken off in the well. Boiling was carried on in kettles until Mr. Davis bought the land, and Mr. Mathews died, when the enterpri.se was abandoned. After the well had been abandoned fijr a few days the settlers would come and pump out the water and boil down a sack of salt in Burger's kettles until they were taken away. Salt was hard to get in those days, and the well was much frequented. Afterwards, when roads were opened, salt was imported so cheaply that the well was abandoned. In 1870 a well was drilled at this place for oil to a depth of GOO feet, resulting in gas, which would burn freely for several minutes, and salt water in small quantities, with some indications of oil. The well was abandoned when the contract under which it was drilled had expired. The north part of the town, west of Bennett's Creek, is quite broken, and its settlement is comparatively recent. The western and central part, which has the appearance of high rolling prarie, is well cultivated, and the view from almost any point is magnificent. Descending into the deep, narrow valley of Bennett's Creek, in the north part of the town, the change is very abrupt. The hills on either side of the deep, narrow valley are cleared and cultivated, and a con- tinuous row of farm-houses extends along the left bank of the stream to the village, some three miles south. Follow- ing the hill on the right bank of the stream is the partially- completed grade of the Rochester, Hornellsville and Pine Creek Railroad, which was abandoned in 1875, and which has made the town of Greenwood famous for its refusal to pay its assessment of tax upon bonds issued for its con- struction. One of the principal citizens of the town, Alexander H. Stephens, the first settler, is a .son of Col. John Stephens, one of the earliest settlers of the county, and Olive Frank- 304 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. lin, daughter of Capt. John Franklin, the hero of the Wyoming massacre. Uriah F., Phineas, Elias, John H., Alexander H., and Franklin Stephens are the members of the family. Alexander H. Stephens, who was born in 1801, has been a leading spirit in the affairs of his town, from its erection to the present time. Mr. Stephens is a man of high literary attainments, and one of the most in- fluential citizens of the town. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1848, and ably represented its interests while there. His wife, Mary M. Davis, was a daughter of Levi Davis, the first merchant, and for years the leading business man of the town. James H. Stephens, son of Phineas Stephens, and Redmond Davis and John Davis, both sons of Levi Davis, have also been sent to the State Legislature from Greenwood. The village of Greenwood contains nine stores ; harness-, cabinet-, wagon-, shoe-, and blacksmith-shops ; a large steam saw-mill and flouring-mill ; the " Stage House" and Green- wood Hotel, a large three-story building ; two churches, a fine two-story school-house, and an unusual number of fine residences. Elias V. Davis has conducted a jewelry estab- lishment here since 1841, at which date there was but one store in the place. The village extends along both .sides of a single street filling the space between the hills and the creek, and a street starting from the central part of the village and continuing west, and contains about 200 inhabitants. There is a flouring-mill at Rough and Ready, a mill settle- ment in the south part of the town, where was once a post- office, named from the Rough and Ready Presidential candi- date ; and north of the village are two flouriug-mills and a saw-mill. ORGANIZATION. The first town election of the town of Greenwood was held at the hou.se of Levi Davis, March 6, 1827, when the following officers were elected : Levi Davis, Supervisor ; Anson Cook, Town Clerk ; David Murray, Randall Pease, Uriah F. Stephens, Assessors ; Richard Krusen, Uriah Ingley, Aden Lewis, Commissioners of Highways ; Jacob Manning, James Bess, Overseers of the Poor ; Abram V. Olmstead, Joseph Batchelor, Thomas Johnson, Commis- sioners of Common Schools ; Francis Strang, Josiah Hay- wood, Moses Clauson, Inspectors of Common Schools; John H. Stephens, Collector; John H. Stephens, Ira S. Mills, Constables. John J. Holt, John Stephens, Amos Lewis, Jr., Linden Lewis, Francis Pilgrim, Amos Labar, Enos Mead, John Krusen, Wm. Brown, Wm. M. Blair, Sylvanus Strang, Wm. Crampton, Joseph Davenport, Seba Norton, John Matt&son, and A. V. Olmstead were made path masters. The name of Greenwood was given it by Hon. Alexan- der H. Stephens, through whose exertions a half mile was added to the east end of the town, from Jasper. Supervisors. Randall Pease. Anson Cook. LIST OP TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. 1S27. Levi Davi3. 1828. " " 1829. " " 1S30. Thomas Johnson. 1831. Levi Davis. 1832. " Town Clerks. Anson Cook. Francis Strang. Collectors. John H. Stephens. Ira S. Mills. " Wm. M. Blair. Joseph Davenport. Joseph Deremer. John J. Holt. " " Alex. H. Stephens. " " Elijah Guyon. John Davis. Augustus Mallory. John Davis. 1833. 1834. 1835. 1836. 183r. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1X67. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. " 1877. " 1878. " JUSTICES 1830. Thomas Johnson. 1831. Sherman Brown. William Johnson. Joseph Baehelder. 1832. F. Strang. 1833. Anson Cook. Talmai Ferrell. 1834. Benjamin Smead. 1835. Sherman Brown. AVilliam Horton. 1836. Tahnai Ferrell. John H. Stephens. 1837. Benjamin S. Brundage. William M. Blair. 1838. Lulher Campbell. Philetus Farrar. 1839. Benjamin S. Brundage. 1840. Alvin Mead. 1841. Philetus Farrar. 1842. Hanford Smith. 1843. Luther Campbell. 1844. Alvin Mead. Sheppard Amidon.* Leonard Smith. '^ Town Clerks. Moses Clauson. Collectors. Ira S. Mills. Daniel Richcy. Joshua L. Chapman. A. R. Stephens. Daniel B. Closson. It It Wm. Bess (v.). Nelson Rogers. Josh'a L. Chapman. Isaac Richey (v.). S. J. Conklin. " " Oliver B. Richey. >i II II II J. B. Chapman. ** " A. K. Stephens. •* '* " '* Samuel Saston. J. L. Chapm.in. Wm. Z. Skank. Israt'l .M. Brundage. Danifl Manning. Israel M. Brundage. (< II John Davis. Homer H. Mallory. tt II R. H. Sheffield. John Davis. Israel M. Brundage. John S. Hartrura. John Davis. Merritt F. Smith. Homer H. Mallory. Benjamin Iliekctt. B. D. Conkling. M. V. B. Fisher. J, L. Chapman. De Witt C. Amey. J. W. Whiting, Jr. De Witt C. Amey. Valentine Reimann. De Witt C. Amey, Valentine Reimann. OF THE P 1S45. 18i6. 1347. 1848, 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. Alexander Todd. Homer S. Brundage. Alexander Todd. J. M. Brundage. Nelson Blair. J. L. Chapman. John iMcMinds. Valentino Reimann. Wm. Burton. Francis Updyke. , John S. Young. Mathias Pease. Levi Pease. Cornelius 0. Haryan, Freeman Rogers. Wm. 0. Swar.s. EACK. Jesse B. Smith. Sheppard Amidon. Leonard Smith.* Andrew Vansickle.* William Bess. Philetus Farrar. George W. Easterbrook. Sheppard Amidon. Thomas Strceter. Luther Campbell.* Daniel L. Starr. "^ John Brundage. B. S. Brundage. John Starr. Luther Campbell. B. S. Brundage. A. H. Bruster. Joseph B. Chadwick. A. H. Burrell. Abram Crout.^" J. H. Stephens. Edward E. Stuart. Ebenezer Northrup. Warren Houghton. * Vacancy. J^^-4^^UU^ Jesse T, Atkins was born in the town of En- field, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Jan. 29, 1820. He Avas one in a family of six children of William and Rozina Atkins. His father by a previous marriage had fifteen children, and hence was tiie father of twenty-one children. He was a native of Ciierry Valley. His parents removed from Enfield and settled in the town of Greenwood among the earlier settlers ; was a farmer during his residence here, where both he and iiis wife died. Jesse T. Atkins liad very limited opportunities for in education, as ir tiie early history of the town a pecuniary value was placed upon the time of chil- dren ; he was reared on the farm and inured to the hardships common to a farmer's life, in clearing off the forest and preparing the land for cultivation. After reaching his majority he purchased one lum- dred and ninety-five acres of land in the west ])art of the town of Greenwood, — on which his widow and family now reside, — a considerable part of which he cleared and made improvements upon of good farm buildings. July 19, 1854, he married Harriet, daughter of John and Roby Scott, of Greenwoo. B; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years; disch. before exp. of term of service on account of disability. Michels, James, private, 5th H. Art. ; enl. Doc. 1863, three years. Dexter, Wheeler 0., private, 16th H. Art.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Burger, Timothy, private ;* enl. Dec. 1863, three years ; died in the service. Smith, Johili H., private;* enl. Dec. 1863, three years; died in the service. King, Charles L., private, 16lh H. Art. ; enl. Dec. 1863, three years. Bell, Joseph S., Jr., private, 16th H. Art. ; enl. Dec. 1863, three years ; died in the service. Hush, Wm., Jr., private ;* enl. Dec. 1863, three years. McGraw, Aaron, private ;» enl. Dec. 1863, three years ; disch. before going to the front. Wand, Samuel, private, lelst Regt., Co. B ; enl. Dec. 1863, three years. Clark, Thaddeus B., private, 5th H. Art.; enl. Dec. 1863, three years. Sheldon, Gilbert W , priv., 1st Mtd. Rifles, Co. I ; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Baker, Meldin, private;* enl. Dec. 1863, three years. Freeland, Thomas, private, Ulst N. Y. Vols., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch. on account of wounds. Reynolds, Normon, private, S61h N. Y. Vols., Co. B; enl. Ang, 1861, three years ; served full term and re-enlisted. Younglove, Wm. A., recruit;* enl. March, 1864, three years. Faling, Jacob W., recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Ternyburry, Miner, recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Strait, James, recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Olmsted, Mortimer A., recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Norton, Washington, recruit, 189th N. Y. Vols., Co. I ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year. Ingley, Henry, recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Faling, Lencious J,, recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Erskin, John, recruit ;• enl. July, 1864, one year. Saxton, John, recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Savery, Edwin T., recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Hilborn, Andrew R., recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Bell, Sylvester, recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Baker, James, recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Austen, Derance, recruit ;« enl. July, 1804, one year. Stephens, Caasius M. Clay, recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Ingraham, David A., recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Bunker, Oscar, recruit, 189th N. Y. Vols., Co, V ; enl. Sept. 18, 1864, one year Bunker, G.W., recruit, 189th N. Y. Vols., Co, F; enl. Sept. 16, 1864, one year. Sherwood, Henry, recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Brush, John, recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Cassidy, William, recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Thormon, John R. D., recruit ;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Savage, William, recruit;* enl. July, 1864, one year. Mattison, Samuel, private, leist N. Y. Vols., Co. E; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch. on account of disability, Jan. 25, 1864. Krusen, James P., private, 189th Regt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 22, 1864, one year White, Philo A., priv., 14l6t N. y. Vols., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 10, 1862, three years. Mattison, Geo. Gilbert, private, Ulst N. Y. Inf., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years ; disch. on account of disability, July 20, 1866. * No record of company or regiment. Jeffers, George W., private, Ulst N. Y. Vols., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; wounded at the battle of Resaca, Ga., May 16, 1864, and died of wounil. May 18, 1804. Nearing, Addison Oscar, private, 8Cth N. Y. Vols.; enl. Sept. 1861, three years; died at Falmouth, Va., of disease, Dec. 8, 1862, and buried at that place. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. ALEXANDER II. STEI'IIENS was born in Canisteo, Sept. 8, 1801. He is a son of Col. John Stephens, and a grandson of Uriah Stephens, the first settler of the Cani,steo Valley, 178!). His mother was Olive Franklin, a native of IMiddlebury, Conn. She was taken prisoner at Wyoming, by the Indians, and kept eight days. Her mother, taken at the same time, was killed, and left in the wilderness. Col. John Stephens and his family settled in Canisteo in 1790, he having visited the valley the year previous. Their children are Mrs. Ezra Stephens, Franklin, Uriah, Phineas, Elias, John H., Alexander H., Frederick, Daniel, and Mrs. Dr. Olin. Colonel Stephens, with his family, came to Greenwood in April, 1825, built the first grist- and saw- mill in Greenwood ; the grist-mill being subsequently re- built by his son, Alexander IT., the subject of this notice, and finally disposed of by him about 1863. The family of Col. Stephens were among the earliest pioneers of the town. He died March 19, 1837. His wife died Nov. 6, 1848. Mr. Alexander H. Stephens received a good common- school education for the days of log school-houses. He was married Jan. 20, 1829, to Mary May, daughter of Levi and Mary Davis. Her parents settled in Greenwood at the same time as did Col. Stephens. She was born in 1810. After his marriage Mr. Stephens began life for him- self, clearing the forest, and preparing the land for cultiva tion, and carrying on the grist-mUl. He cleared the most TOWN OF GREENWOOD. 307 of the one hundred and fifty acres of hind received from his father, and made the first chopping in the town of Greenwood, and continued in the milling business until the sale of the mill, in 1863. He also erected the first framed house built in the town. Mr. Stephens, in middle life, was a quite active exponent of the principles of the Democratic party, and for seven years represented his town on the Board of Supervisors, and held various other town ofiices, and in 1848 repre- sented his Assembly district in the Legislature of the State. During that year, while at Albany, being handed a copy of "Noah's Weekly Messenger," he subscribed for it, and has read it for thirty years past. He and his wife were among the organizers of the Universalist Church at Green- wood, and were members of the same until her death, Sept. 9, 1866. The former is still an attendant upon its service. Mr. Stephens has lived to see fine edifices supplant the log cabin, villages grace the valleys of the county, and the original forest give place to fine agricultural fields. He is a man of sterling qualities, and endowed with the charac- teristics of perseverance, independence of thought and ac- tion, promptness in all business matters, prudence, and good judgment. Their children are Redmond D., of Iowa, Mrs. Joseph B. Woodbury, Mrs. William G. Porter, of Green- wood (living), and Mrs. Amos W. Crandall, and Merritt A. (deceased). e^^ J^^^ ASA H. STEPHENS was born in the town of Canisteo, March 14, 1820. He was the son of Ezra Stephens and grandson of Col. John Stephens, who was the son of Uriah Stephens, the first settler of the Canisteo Valley, — 1789. He spent his mi- nority on the farm at home, in the town of Greenwood, where his father settled when it was a wilderness tract of land, the same farm now being in possession of the family. In 1844, July 31, he married Charlotte, daughter of ■L/I\jl Randall and Nancy Pease, of Greenwood. Her parents removed from Dryden, Tompkins Co., in June, 1826, and settled in the town of Greenwood, where she was born, in August following ; and hence the Pesse family were among the earliest settlers of the town. His father, Ezra Ste- phens, died in Canisteo, about 1851, and his mother died about 1845, in Greenwood. After his marriage, Mr. Stephens settled on the home- stead, a part of which he had purchased from his brother, 308 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Andrew R. Stephens, and remained on the same farm during the remainder of his life. He made many improvements on the farm, erected elaborate farm-buildings, and was, in fact, a representative agriculturist of the town. He was a thrifty, active, and enterprising farmer, a man of good ex- ecutive ability, and of excellent judgment in business mat- ters. Characteristic of Mr. Stephens, as well as of his ancestors, was his fondness for hunting, and very much of his pastime was spent in pursuit of the wild game so nu- merous among the hills and valleys of this part of the county, — in his day being mostly deer and foxes. He, however, killed one bear. He was always interested in local matters, and was iden- tified with the Democratic party, as a member of which he held various town offices. He and his wife were members of the Universalist Church at Greenwood, and supporters of that and kindred interests. Their children are Randall P., who married Flavilla Porter, of Greenwood. Rozeltha (Mrs. David Panshall, de- ceased), Viola V. (Mrs. Marcus Todd), Charlotte (Mrs. George Woodward), Olive, and Mary. For many years prior to his death he was quite an exten- sive dealer in cattle and sheep, buying in Steuben and ad- joining counties and marketing in the East and New York ; and in this business, as in everything he undertook, he was successful. He died, Nov. 4, 18G6, at Unionville, Dutchess Co., — where he had gone to dispose of a large drove of cattle which he had purchased at home, — and his remains were brought back to Greenwood Cemetery, at Greenwood, Steu- ben Co., for interment. LKVI DAVLS was born in Oxford, iMass., Jan. 8, 1782. Was a lineal descendant of the sixth generation from an ancestor who emigrated from Wales. He married Mary Spurr, a native of Canton, Mass., born Aug. 11, 1782. While a resident of Ma.ssachusetts he carried on farming in Charlestown. The children born them were Redmond S., now a res- ident of Greenwood, George, who died at the age of four years, and Mrs. Alexander H. Stephens, for many years a resident of Greenwood, who died in Septenjber, ISGU. In 1815, the family removed to Columbus, Chenango Co., N. Y., and remained one year, thence to Dryden, Tompkins Co., where they resided till 1825, and then came to Greenwood (then Troupsburgh), this county, and settled, building a log house on the present site of the Ward Hotel. The incidents of a pioneer life — settling in the wilderness, the necessary economy to support a family, the struggles with poverty and privation in a new country — were all met by this family. His first purchase was 14-1 acres of land, to which he made additions subsequently of several hundred acres, and during his life had in his pos- session considerable real estate. He was an industrious, thorough-going business man, and passessed characteristic integrity in all his business relations. He was interested in the improvements of the town, and in all local matters. He was the first to e.stablish trade at Greenwood, and com- menced in a small way to supply the settlers with the necessaries of life, and from the time of his first settlement here until the present time a mercantile business has been carried on by the Davis family, it now being in the name of John Davis & Co. The other children are Levi, born in Columbus, Che- nango Co., N. Y., and John Davis, born in the town of Dryden, Tompkins Co. He also, from the time of his settlement, for many years kept a public-house in the log house first built when he settled hero, and some forty years ago built the Ward Hou.se as it now is, except the third story. Ho was also engaged for some thirty years, more or less, in the lumber business. In politics lie was a Whig, and was the first supervisor of the town of Greenwood after its erection, and held the office some two years sub- sequently. He was the first postma.st.er at Greenwood, and officiated in that capacity some twenty-five years following the establishment of the office. His wife was known as a woman of great sympathy for the needy ; was truly a helpmeet, fulfilling all the duties pertaining to a wife and mother, and did her part well, training her children in all that makes true manhood and womanhood. She died July 9, 1854, remembered for her many virtues. He survived her nine years, and died July 9, 1863. HAETSVILLE. QENKRAL DESCRIPTION. HTartsville lies on the west border of the county, south of the centre, and was erected from Hornellsville, Feb. 7, 1844. The surface is a hilly upland, broken by several deep valleys. The valley of Bennett's Creek ex- tends along the east border of the town, while Purdy Creek flows east through the north part, their valley.s being bor- dered by steep hills from four to six hundred feet high. The soil is productive, being for the most part a shaly and clayey loam. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Joseph Purdy, a native of Ireland, and for some years a prominent citizen of Steuben County, was the first actual settler in the town of Hartsville. In the year 1810 he moved up the creek which bears his name, and settled in the northwest corner of the present town, occupying a par- tially-completed cabin, which had been commenced and abandoned by a Mr. Brookins the year before. He was the sole occupant of the town until 1819, when Jesse, father of Silas Palmeter, a native of Madison County, Perry Potter, and his brother Andrew, and William D. Burdick, who was a boy of seventeen, and lived with Mr. Potter, .settled on the ridge near the head of Crosby Creek, in the northwest part of the town. William D. Burdick " booked," that is, had fifty acres reserved on the books at the land-office for his purchase, when of age, but soon aOcr traded to his brother, who lived over the line in Allegany County, for an old watch. Daniel P. Carpenter came from Orange C'ouiily with an ox-team, in the summer of 1822, and settled on the Vickers place, half a mile below Hartsville Centre, moving into an unfinished log house, that had been built in the deep woods, which almost closed together above its roof. Their only neighbor was Mr. Purdy, two and a hall' miles down the creek. In October, Fiaiil; I'cjwrll, liitlier of II. F. Powell, came from Dutcliess County, and located below, near the cemetery, living in the old Brookins cabin while building. Mr. Powell was grandfather of Nathaniel and Elisha Purdy. This valley was a famous hunting-ground, deer gathering in numbers to feed upon the mosses which clung to the trees in the shady valley. Fearful stories were related by the hunters of the Canisteo Valley, to di.ssuade people from settling here and spoiling their favorite hunting-ground. On the flat, near Hartsville Centre, were found many bent poles, which had been u.sed by the Indians in their camps, and the early pioneers plowed up mortars and other implements about the old cornfield, which was abandoned by the Indians when the white men came into the valley There were several of these cornfields along Purdy's Creek, and a large apple-tree stood for some years, below the Purdy place. While Mr. Purdy lived in the Brookins house, a fright- ened deer, chased by wolves, sought refuge in the house, and was killed by the family, at a time when they were in such want of provisions that Mrs. Purdy, who was a pious lady, considered it a special dispensation of Providence. A young man came over the hills from Allegany County at an early day, and discovering a deer-lick near the head of Purdy Creek, went down to the Canisteo, found the num- bers of the land, and continued on to Bath, in great glee, to enter the land on which to locate a salt-work. He was under age, but received a " booking," which reserved the land from entry until he should be old enough to purchase. Returning to Canisteo, he borrowed a kettle, and with ket- tle, axe, gun, and tinder, returned to the spring and boiled industriou.sly for several days, but obtaining no salt, left in disgust. This place, known as the Birch lick, was a famous place to watch for deer, which were shot in the night as they came to drink. Gravel was scattered where they would rattle when stepped upon, a gun was sighted where the deer was supposed to stand while drinking, supports were fixed under it, and the patient hunter lay in ambush with his gun "set," awaiting the time when the exciting rattle of the gravel should signal him to fire the gun, after which the deer was almost certain to be found. Later, when in the darkness an ox was shot, this risky sport was abandoned for the more laborious trail, where they would be shot while crossing at some favorite point from one hill to another. In 1823, William Hudson and John Granger located below Mr. Carpenter, on the creek. Robert G. Martin set- tled on the present fine farm of Richard F. Allison, and was married to Mary A. Gleason, a member of Mr. Powell's family, in December of 1823. This, the first wedding in the town, was quite an affair, and was attended by the en- tire population of the valley, consisting of Mr. Hudson and wife, Mr. J. M:irtin and wife, D. P. Carpenter and wife, John Granger and wife, Mary Carpenter, and Susan Nichols. Mr. and Mrs. Hudson stood up with the happy couple. The ceremony was performed at one o'clock, after which the party sat down to a hearty dinner of baked beans and sausage, and a jovial time was had until it was time to wade back home through the deep snow to do the chores. It was not considered safe to leave a house alone a great while then, lest the wooden chimney should take fire, as was a common occurrence when at home. Sarah Ann, daughter of Daniel P. Carpenter, was the first white child born in the town, her birth occurring in January, 1823. The first death was that of Charlotte, daughter of Ebenezer Martin, in 1823. In 1824, Joseph Thompson moved on to the abandoned place of Mr. Hud- 309 310 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. son, and Joseph Hood, of Yates County, father of U. D. Hood, of Corning, finished a log house, which had been partially built and abandoned, on the site of the present village near the bridge. James Thomp.son came in 1824. Mrs. Thompson was a cousin of Mrs. Carpenter, both families coming from Orange County. In 1828, James Howell and John Martin joined the settlement. In 1825, William Allison, father of Richard F. Allison, of Hartsville, and Slortimer, Lawrence, Isaac, and Oscar Allison, of Canisteo, a native of Orange County, moved from Horsehcads and settled north of Mr. Carpenter, who shared his house with him until he could build. This was a common hospitality among the early settlers. Casper Van Buskirk built a log liou.se near by and moved in the next spring. The country bad become so settled at this time that Mr. Carpenter ventured to bring in some goods and open a store, the first in the town, at bis residence. A log school-bouse was built on his land the same season, and Z. A. Purdy, daughter of Joseph Purdy, taught the first school in the town. In 1827, Mr. Carpenter built the first saw-mill in the town, on his place. Daniel P. Carpenter was one of the most prominent men of his time, and did much to advance the settlement of his town. He became interested in the land-office, and, in connection with his other business, conducted an ashery for some years. Be- fore the organization of the town of Hartsville, the first election for this part of the old town of Hornellsville was held at his house. The men came on horseback to vote, and all the women iu the neighborhood came to assist in cooking their dinner, wliich was a free lunch on a grand scale ; roast pig forming the central attraction, around which revolved numerous wholesome dishes, with a profusion of pumpkin-pie, piled high on plates, for dessert. Twenty guests came from Hornellsville, and numerous others from Almond. On removing the plates many silver coins were found by the girls, where tliey had been deposited by the grateful guests. Elections were held seven years at Mr. Carpenter's. Robert G. Martin built a mill where 11. F. Allison's mill stands, in 1832. Wm. Allison built another soon after; Mr. Whiting built one two miles above, Asher and Whiting between, and near the bridge a stave- and shingle- mill was built. All were running until about 1855, when the stock of timber began to give out, and the clearing made the .season for running water-mills much shorter by drying up the streams. R. P. Allison put up the first steam-power in the town. John Hood, an officer in the war of 1812, came from Bellona, Yates Co., in 1826, and .settled on the hill near the Allison place. Soon after be organized a company of militia under Col. Amasa Thatcher, and was made captain. Nathan Williams was lieutenant, Oliver Coon, ensign ; and Ferris Clawson, first sergeant. Joseph Lawson, Henry and Adam Acker, Silas Palmeter, Wm. Allison, Robert Martin, Hiram and George Powell, Eli.sha and Perry Potter, were members of the company, which used to assemble at Carpenter's to train. Charles N. Hart, who gave his name to the town, James Clawson, Benjamin S. and John Van Buskirk, and William Allison, were the leading business men of the town. After the lumbering ceased, farming re- ceived more general attention, and dairying became a lead- ing industry. The principal cheese-factory, on Purdy Creek, has manu- factured upwards of $10,000 worth of fine cheese during the past season, and another large factory is in successful operation in the northwestern part of the town. When Jacob Vickers came to Hart.sville in 1855 there was no store in the town. An eflbrt was made several times, but the country was not sufficiently developed to support a local store until 1868, when J. D. Russell began the present business, which has been continued by Mr. Vickers. Joseph Henry opened the Centre House, in Hartsville, in 1851. The business was first located at the present cheese-factory, a mile above the present village, and was changed to the present locality in 1858. The post-office was first at Charles N. Hart's residence, between Hartsville Centre and Canisteo. The land is all taken from the land- office. The last lot near Hartsville Centre was sold for 75. cents per acre at private sale. On the hill in the southwest part of the town, Simeon Baker settled with his three sons, James, Ephraim, and Simeon, Jr. Robert Hemphill, a native of New Hampshire, settled on the top of the dividing ridge east of Hartsville Centre, the highest land in the north part of the town, in 1835, where his son, George W. Hemphill, now resides. Benjamin and David Cook were early settlers on this ridge toward the valley east, where they went to have their bread baked by the Carpenter girls while clearing their farms and erecting their cabins. Oliver, Jonathan, and Solomon Pet- tibone settled near the Hemphill place in 1832. Mrs. Isaac Burdick, Jr., came from Allegany County, in 1826. Hiram P. Burdick, the present pastor of the Seventh-Day Church, and popular temperance worker, then a lad of ten years, was the oldest of her family. William D. Burdick was a brother of Mrs. Isaac Burdick, Jr., and married a sister of Isaac Burdick, Jr. From the high land to the west of Mr. Hemphill's may be seen a fine scope of country to the west. Just off' the highest ridge is the Seventh-Day Baptist church, and a few rods below is the residence of Rev. H. P. Burdick, the well-known temperance worker, and one of the leading men of that part of the county, who says, with pride, that Harts- ville has never granted a license to sell strong drink. Just beyond, is the oldest cheese-factory in the town. To the east, a point of high land extends northward like a gigantic wall, while to the north the view extends to Fremont and the bills about Bath. To the west, across the deep, narrow valley which beads near by, Lewis Clark, father of the pres- ent Lewis Clark, built his pioneer cabin and rai.sed his family. Near by, the land slopes smoothly to the north for a quarter of a mile, when it descends rapidly into the deep, narrow valley of Crosby Creek. A mile below in the valley, near the line of Hornellsville, lives Capt. John Hood, the oldest of the living pioneers of Hartsville. The low, sloping hill-sides on each side of the little village of Hartsville Centre are covered with well-tilled farms, an occasional sugar-bush intervening, and the vil- lage has a quiet, old appearance, which is enhanced by the numerous stone fences and an occasional old-fa.shioned TOWN OP HARTSVILLE. ^11 well-sweep beside some roadside well. The valley holds a continuous width of a i(uarter of a mile, and opens above the village into a beautiful little flat at the mouth of Donaldson Creek. Ascending Purdy Creek nearly south- west the hills gradually disappear, until the level of that stream is reached near the south line of the town. A road to the east ascends Call Hill, so named from Othniel Call, the first settler in this part of the town, who came from Tompkins County in 1828, and located at the crossing of the old road between Greenwood and I'urdy Creek. His brothers-in-law, Micah and Francis Kennedy, came the next year, and located west of Call. Aaron V., son of Micah Kennedy, occupies the old farm, and both the Kennedy brothers are still living. Joseph Alma and David Alger came next, and settled east, near where Mr. Alma still lives. This ridge contains some fine rolling farms, and is generally well settled. South of this hill, on Slate Creek, — -a stream running east half across the town, — Thomas Stout settled in 1832, on an abandoned chopping made in 1829. The settlement on this creek was first induced by lumbering. Two mills are still running on that stream a portion of the year. Daniel M. Stephens was an early settler on this stream. There are six saw-mills in the town, — three on Furdy Creek, two on Slate Creek, and one on Fall Brook. A mile above Hartsville Centre is a chee.se-factory, feed-mill, and shingle-mill. There are post-offices and trading-points near each side of the town, which absorb much of its products ; this town also furnishes the main support of two cheese-factories in adjoining towns. HARTSVILLE CKNTKE. This, the principal settlement and business centre, com- prises some forty residences, scattered along the valley of Purdy Creek, near the centre of the town. Two saw-mills, two stores, a fine new Methodist Episcopal church and parson- age, school-house, and the usual trades comprise the balance of the improvements. Most of the buildings are old, among which are scattered later and more modern ones, the finest of which are the Methodist Episcopal parsonage and the residence of R. F. Allison, one of the leading business men of the town. The lumbering of the two mills is confined to the few straggling hemlocks, oaks, and scrubby pines left as worthless by the lumbermen of thirty years ago. Mail is received daily from Canisteo by private conveyances according to opportunity, there being no contract for its regular carriage. ORGANIZATION. The town of Hartsville was formed from the southern part of Hornellsville, comprised in township No. 3, on Feb. 7, 1844, and named Hartsville, in honor of Charles N. Hart, one of the loading men of the town. A town-meet- ing was called at the house of Erastus S. Beard, on the first Tuesday in March of that year, and the poll opened by Christopher C. Purdy, Sidney Frisby, and Calvin Withy.' The ofiicers there elected were Charles N. Hart, Supervisor ; Erastus S. Beard, Town Clerk ; James Beard, Jonathan Pet- tibone, Elizur Sage, A.ssessors ; Silas Palminter, Jonathan B. Purdy, Reuben W. Millard, Henry Acker, Justices of the Peace ; Israel Adams, Edmoud Cook, Levi C. Henry, Com- missioners of Highways ; David S. Whiting, Russell Ami- don, Overseers of the Poor ; Silas Palminter, Superintendent of Schools; John Van Buskirk, Collector; Robert Hemp- hill, Calvin Withey, Inspectors of Election ; Samuel H. Burdick, Barney Hinckley, Chester F. Whiting, Con- stables ; Casper Buskirk, Sealer of Weights and Measures ; William Allison, David S. Whiting, Uriah F. Stephens, Oliver Peltibone, Nathan Neff, Peter Hinckley, Elisha Potter, David Call, Reuben IT. Millard, Burton H. Saun- ders, Ebenezer Martin, Benjamin Hall, Silas Tolls, David Alger, John Holt, and Shubad S. Fenton were elected Pathmasters. LIST OF TOWN OPFICER.S. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1348. 1849. 1850. 1S51. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1S44. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. Supervisors. Charles N. Hart. James Beard. a it Edmund Cook. Town Clfiks. Collectors. Ei-!istus P. Beard. John Van Buskirk. Sidney Frisbcy. Barney Hinckley. Richard F. Allison. Kingsley Amidon. Michael A. Howell. Barney Hinckley. " " James W. Corbitt. Erastus Beard. Francis Kennedy.* Joseph Henry. " " Sidney Frisbcy. James Beard. " " Edmund Cook. James Beard. C. C. Purdy. James M. Cook. F. n. Reynolds. Jonas Goodno. Jacob H. Stryker. Shepherd Amidon. " " Richard F. Allison. Sidney Frishey. Samuel Woolever. Aaron V. Kennedy. James Moore. John A. Farnham. James M. Henry. ti it Micah Kennedy. a a Allen C. Henry. Tisdale A. PuBer. " " A. A. McGraw. " " Dennis McGraw. « " Deforest Crane. William Hamilton. " " Dennis McGraw. " " Silas Palmer. Jacob H. Stryker. Samuel Woolever. Richard F. Allison. Henry L. Farnham. Alanson W. Almey. Lyman A. Cook. Joseph Vickers. A. W. Almey. *i ** '• " Dura Martin. Wesley Langs. John A. Farnham. Cas. M. C. Stephens M. S. Amidon. Langford Whiti'ord. Levi 0. Henry. R. F. Allison. H It James A. Almey. Joseph Vickers. James B. Hcndee. J. H. Stryker. II it Albert Amidon. Jacob H. Stryker. t> it Jonas Goodno. Langford Whitford. George R. Corbett. AV. W. Langs. JUSTICES OF Silas Palmeter. Jonathan B. Purdy. Reuben W. Millard. Henry Acker. Reuben W. Millard. Jonathan B. Purdy. David S. Whiting. Silas Palmeter. Christopher C. Purdy. Luther King. Reuben Millard. Jonas Goodno. Robert Hemphill. Luther King. C. C. Purdy (v.). C. C. Purdy. THE PEACE. 1856. Shepherd Amidon. 1857. Robert Hemphill. 1858. Luther King. 1859. C. C. Purdy. Jonas Goodno, 1860. Shepherd Amidon. 1861. Silas Palmeter. 1862. S. C. Watkins. 1863. James M. Henry. 1864. M. A. Cass. 1865. Silas Palmeter. P. D. Hinckley. William Gay. 1866. W. W. Wither. 1867. Phileman Tuller. Barney Hinckley. •Special meeting to Hll vacancy. 312 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 1868. Charles R. Amidon. James M. Henry. 1869. George R. Corbetl. 1870. Willi.im W. Willier. 1871. .T.imes M. Henry. 1872. James M. Henry. 187i?. Silas Palnieter. 1874. William K. Thatcher. 1875. Charles S. Jenkins. 1876. James M. Henry. 1877. John R. Hemphill. 1878. William K. Thatcher. CHURCHES. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF HAllTSNII.I.E. At a meeting held at the house of H. Caiiiwell, on Sat- urday before the second Sunday in November, 1838, a society was formed with ten members. Their names were Nathan Noff, Ebenezer Martin and wife, Sarah W. Turner, Rhoda Martin, Hannah Ncff, Rachel Tolls, Hiram Carn- well and wife, Robert, Hemphill. Rev. R. Clark was the first pastor, under whose preaching this class was formed. Early preaching was held in the house of F. Kennedy and the Carpenter school-house. Solomon Pettibone was made the first Deacon, and Robert Hemphill, Clerk. Pastors: Revs. R. Clark, Hiram Carnwell, 0. B. Call, C. G. Smith, Washington L. Cook, H. A. Rose, Rev. Mr. Clark, James Babcock, Roswell Corbett, Allen C. Henry, and C. K. Bunnell, present pastor. OflBcers : Joseph W. Henry, Dea- cori ; P. M. Phelps, Clerk. There are 30 members, among whom are Mrs. Angeline Martin, who with her husband, Ebenezer Martin, joined the society at its organization. Deacons: 1847, Jonathan Truman ; 1857, George Hood, Lyman Lewis, Thomas Bordeau, Alonzo Woodard. Liccn.sed : 1847, Hiram P. Burdick. Ordained: 1848, H. P. Burdick, William C. Kenyon, President of Alfred College, Darwin Maxon, D. K. Davis, W. M. Babcock. Present membership, 130. Clerk, H. G. Pope. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Rev. James Hemingway formed the first IMethodist Episcopal Church in Hartsville in June, 1825. The first meetings were held in the house of Daniel B. Carpenter ; John Hood was the first class-leader. Among tlic first members were Hiram Cornell and wife, Louis Clark and wife, Robert D. Martin and wife, Mary, wife of John Martin, Mary Carpenter, Amos Babcock, Noah Dunbar and wife. The first stewards were Robert Martin and Lewis Clark. The first Methodist Episcopal Church edi- fice was built by Eli Woodrufi", John Acker, Joseph Vickers, Charles Dutcher, and John Eels, Trustees, at an expense of 13400, and dedicated March 19, 1870, by Rev. B. I. Ives. The present membership is 67. Pastors : 1825, J. Hemingway; 1826, Eleazer Dewey; 1827, Rev. Mr. Kurzort; 1828-29, Rev. Mr. Buell ; 1830-36, Rev. Mr. Filmore, John Shaw, John Vaughn, Nathan Fel- lows, C. Storey, Jesse Bacon, Rev. Mr. Kinney ; 1837, S. Nichols; 1853, R. M. Beach; 1854-55, W. A. Bron- son; 1856-57, Chandler Wheeler; 1858, L.L.Rogers; 1860, J. J. Turton ; 1862, S. H. Aldrich ; 1863-64, Isaac Everett; 1865, N. N. Beers; 1866, Wesley Cochran; 1867, W. W. Colvin ; 1868, F. D. Blakeslee ; 1869, S. M. Dayton, Henry Goodwin; 1870, J. H. Blades; 1871-72, James Landreth ; 1873, C. E. Milspaugh; 1874, E. D. Graham; 1875-76, Maj. J. Robins; 1877, Andrew Purdy; 1878, J. J. Dayton. Rev. E. Dewy, who married a daugh- ter of Daniel B. Carpenter, died at this place in 1867. John Hood, Oliver Pettibone, Jacob Stryker, John Hopper, and the present incumbent, Joseph Vickers, have been class-leaders. Daniel Reed, Recording Steward ; W. S. Parish, Eli Woodworth, E. K. Powell, Milo Hayze, Charles Hayze, Samuel J. Zeliff, Stewards; Eli Wood- worth, Jacob Vickers, D. Reed, J Vickers, W. S. Parish, Trustees. A fine new parsonage has been built, adjoining the cluiich. THE SEVE.NTH-DAY BAPTIST CHURCH OP HARTSYILLE. In the year 1836, Hiram P. Burdick, then a boy of six- teen, started a Sabbath-school near his present residence, attending the old church in Allegany County, getting the lesson there and rehearsing it to his little class at home. His library consisted of a Bible, spelling-book. Pike's arithmetic, and a Columbian reader. Afterward, he hoed potatoes two days for seventy-five cents, and bought " Barnes' Notes on Matthew and Mark." Out of this first effort grew the organization of the church in the town of Hartsville, the same year, with 33 members, many of whom were already members of the church just over the county line, in Alle- gany County. Among the first members were Mrs. Betsey Burdick, Hiram P. Burdick, Eiisha Potter and wife, Silas Palmeter and wife, Jlrs. Harriet Pettibone, and William D. Burdick and wife. This society continued to be a branch of the Allegany Church until 1847. At a meeting called, of which George Hood was chairman, but one vote was cast in favor of building the church, two for the present site, and 30 for H. P. Burdick as soliciting committee. With the assistance of Miss Eliza Potter, $1300 were raised by sub- scription the next day, and the church was completed the next year, at an expense of $2800, and dedicated Oct. 1, 1856, by Rev. Thomas Brown. This was the first church built in the town. H. P. Burdick, George Hood, Lewis Clark, Schuyler Whitford, and Wm. D. Burdick were build- ing committee. Pastore : 1847, Hiram Cornwell ; 1848- 53, H. P. Burdick ; 1853-54, Darwin Maxon ; 1854-58, H. P. Burdick; 1858-61, Wm. C. Kenyon, H. P. Bur- dick; 1861-67, H. P. Burdick; 1868, B. F. Rogers; 1869, Jonathan Allen, president of Alford College ; 1869- 75, D. K. Davis ; 1875-77, H. P. Burdick ; 1877-78, U. M. Babcock; 1878, Ira Lee Cottrell, H. P. Burdick. MILITARY RECORD OF HARTSVILLE. Harlow Phelps, Co. A, 141st N. Y. Inf. ; en\. Sept. 11, 1862. Charles E. Hinckley, wagoner, Co. II, 141st N. Y. Inf.; cnl. Sept. II, 1862. John T. Amidon, Co. B, SCth N. Y. Inf. ; cnl. Sept. 10, 1861. Denzil Amiilon, Co. B,_80tli N. Y. Inf. ; eul. Sept. in, 1861. Alhert Amidon, Co. B,"sCth N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 10, 1S6I. Newman P. Stryker, Co. B,8Gth N. Y. Inf.; cnl. Sept. 13, 1861. Oscar Monroe, Co. B.SGth N. Y. Inf. ; cnl. Sept. 13, 1861. William II. McCane, Co. B, SOth N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. William Letts, Co. F, S6th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Daniel P. McGraw, Co. F, 8Gth N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Oct. 19, 1861 ; re-enl. in ca?alry. John Popple, Co. F, SCth N. Y. Inf. ; cnl. Oct. 21, 1861. William B.Jenkins. Co. I, ii6lh N. Y. Inf.: enl. Nov. 18, 1861. George W. I'arscls, Co. I, 861h N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Hngh Clark, Co. K, S6th N. Y. Inf.; eul. Sept. 13, 1861. Ambrose A. McGraw, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf.; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. James C. Orvis, Co, K, S6th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. William K. Orvis, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. George M. Woodworth, Co. K,86th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. Ephinetus Webb, Co. K, 86th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. John Ilemi)hill, Rev. J. J. Dayton, George Powell, William Stryker. Seymour G. Kyenvault, capt. ; pro. to maj. Newman Striker. fHOTdS e* EVAKS COffNlWCNf '^-i-<:^C-'y-lO'L€-L^ / yi ^Tm^ .=^^^^^^^ DEACON JOHN ST. JOHN, son of John, Sr., and Susannah St. John, was born at Hiibbardton, Rutland Co., Vt., Sept. 29, 1792. His parents were natives of Fairfield Co., Conn., and settled in Vermont. The St. Johns are of English origin, and John St. John's mother was of French and English descent. At the age of seven Mr. St. John commenced living with an uncle, with whom he remained till he was twenty- one. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. About 1816 he emigrated to Steuben County, and made a permanent settlement in the spring of 1817 on the farm now owned by Ira Hendrick, and has lived in this locality ever since. On Oct. 1, 1821, he married Lucinda Shumway, daughter of Elijah and Chloe Shumway, of Woodstock, Mass. Mrs. St. John was bom, Feb. 5, 1798, at Pomfret, Conn. Four children were born, viz. : Clarissa S., who married Wm. Nichols, Esq., of Bath. Minerva, who married Dr. Daniel Slauson, of Corning; they had three children, one of whom, John, lived with his grandparents and family after he was about one and a half years old, and continued to do so till the fall of 1875, when he went to Port Hudson and resided with his father until the terrible epidemic of 1878 occurred in the South, when he and his father both fell victims to the yellow fever ; the son preceded his father only three days. Francis O., another son of Deacon St. John, resides at home with his father, and his daughter, Sarah A., is living with her father and brother. In politics Deacon St. John is a Democrat. He cast his first presidential vote for President Madison when he was a candidate the second time, and has been able to vote at every presidential election since. He has been assessor of Hornby. When a young man he and Mrs. St. John joined the Baptist Church of Hornby, and for nearly forty years he has been deacon of the same. By word and deed he has tried to maintain a Christian char- acter, and has done his part to build up the cause of Christ in his community. Mrs. St. John died March 6, 1860, leaving a record of devoted ness to the society of which she was a bright and shining light. Her memory is ever green to her family. Deacon St. John is now an old man of eighty-six yeai-s, yet he is hale and hearty, of sound mind, and is surrounded by the comforts of a happy home. He is now living with his two children, Francis O. and Sarah A., who are devoted to the wants of their aged father. HORNBY. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Hornby was erected from the old town of Painted Post, on the 27th of January, 1826, and was named in honor of John Hornby, an eminent English land-holder. The town of Campbell was taken from it in 1831, and part of it was annexed to Orange, Schuyler Co., April 11, 1842. It lies near the centre of the east border of the county, and has a high, rolling surface, intersected by deep, narrow valleys, chiefly formed by Dry Run and Post and Border Creeks. Border Creek is in the southwest part of the town and flows into the Chemung, while Post Creek, in the south, enters the Chemung opposite Corning. The soil is a clayey and shaly loam of superior quality. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Asa and Uriah Nash, the first settlers in Hornby, set- tled in 1814 in the north part of the town, called Nash Settlement. Edward Stubbs, Ezra Shaw, Samuel Adams, and Jesse Underwood settled in 1815. In the same year Jesse Piatt, John Bobbins, and Amasa Stanton settled in the Piatt Settlement, in the southwestern part of the town. James S. Gardner, Chester Knowlton, and Aden Palmer settled in the Palmer Settlement in 1816. Others came near the same time, among whom were Hiram and Benjamin Gardner, John St. John, Isaac Goodell, Aaron Harwood, John Sayer, and Jacob Goodsell, with his two sons, Daniel W., aged thirty-three, and Henry, aged twenty- eight, each having families. The first tavern was kept by E. Shaw, in the Under- wood District, near the present school-house. A. B. Dick- ason, who afterwards spelled his name Dickinson, opened the first store on the old homestead about 1824. One of the first settlements was that of Levi, father of Ira Nash, the schoolmaster, near Nash Lake, a bottomless body of spring water, comprising some 60 acres, surrounded by hills and abounding with fi.sh. Nash built a saw-mill at the outlet of the lake. Isaac Goodsell kept the earliest tavern at Hornby Forks. Lorena A. Hendrick, daughter of Theodore and Char- lotte Hendrick, the first white child born in Hornby, was born Jan. 19, 1818. John Bidler and Lucy A. Piatt, the first couple mar- ried in Hornby, were married, Feb. 2, 1813 or 1814, by William Mulhollen, justice of the peace, and commenced housekeeping on Mead's Creek (now Campbell). In 1838 the farmers first commenced to break up or plow land. Most of the land was sowed on new fallows with winter wheat, but sometimes with spring wheat and oats. In no case was there a failure of a crop. To guard against wolves, Hon. A. B. Dickinson in early times built a high fence around a field to preserve his 40 sheep. Wild-cats were numerous, destroying sheep for J. H. Humphreys as late as 1859, and one was killed in 1875. Mr. St. John, a native of Rutland Co., Vt., came from Otsego at the age of twenty-four years, and located near where he now lives, in 1816, and boarded with his neigh- bor, Asa Nash, built the log house whose walls are still standing, made a small clearing, and returning brought out Theodore Hendrick, and bought the Nash place. His housekeepers locating for themselves, he again returned to Otsego, bringing his sister, who remained with him until he found a permanent housekeeper, Lucinda, daughter of Ledger Shumway, of Connecticut, and sister of Mrs. Jesse Underwood, whom he married in 1822. Mr. St. John had three daughters, one of whom was the wife of Mr. M. Nichols, Esq., of Bath. Although nearly eighty-seven years of age, he is still in good health and vigor, and well remembers the events of the early days in which he par- ticipated. He is the oldest of the early settlers remaining, and one of the few who, living in a land of game and hardy adventure, stuck quietly to his business, and made himself a home, while the early hunters of his day are " hunters" still, though less successful than in days of yore At that time a crowd of upwards of 100 would assem- ble for their annual three days' election and general holi- day, when an unusual amount of jollification took place. Wolves levied their tax upon sheep, so that it was almost impossible to keep them. Hogs fattened upon beech-nuts, which were abundant in the woods. Indians were never numerous nor troublesome, though their appearance some- times did frighten the women. In 1824 they clothed themselves in home-made and homespun wool and flax, which when made into cloth was taken to the primitive factory to be finished. The nearest store previous to Dick- inson's was Bonham's, kept, at the river, by William Bon- ham, a small, thick-set, slow and easy man, who had the general reputation of being " a good fellow." Goods were brought from Newburg, on the Hudson, in wagons, and consisted of bake-kettles and skillets, in place of the modern stoves. Ammunition was a heavy item of trade, all the boys having guns of .some kind. Tea, cofiee, and notions, which were sold in exchange for hides and grains, which were sent down the river in arks, or maple-sugar, which the teamster took North on his way after goods, many families making the greater part of their living from the sap brush. Wheat sold for five shillings and oat's one shilling a bushel. Ferenbaugh's, five and one-half miles from Corning, is in the town of Hornby, in a thickly-settled farming local- ity, four miles from Hornby Forks, on the old farm first opened by Fredalius Ferenbaugh, in 1826. The first farm on the left, just opposite the creek bridge, is that of Mr. 313 314 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Thomas Oldfield, which was the first settlement between Beaver Dams and Corning. A 3Ir. Hodge was the pio- neer ; afterwards came Martin Lane. Samuel Lilly, one of the earliest settlers yet living, resides just above on the same road. He is eighty-five years old, having been born in 1793. William W. Cole and Benjamin Lewis, Jr., were his pioneer companions. An almost continuous row of farm-houses extends from Mr. Oldfield's along the foot of the hills to the left, sur- rounded by shrubbery and fruit-trees and backed by well- tilled lands, until you pass Benedict Perenbaugh's, when the hills open to admit the beautiful valley of Post Creek, which is divided by the east line of the town and county. In 1824, the only building in this valley was a little log house, on the present Oldfield place, and Mr. Samuel Lilly came up the creek in 1822, $300 in debt, with a family of nine children, and opened a claim on the Pulteney estate, paying for it by hard labor, such as only the early pioneers of a heavily-timbered country can realize, clearing 104 acres of timber-land with his own hands. At the time of this entry the country was all a wilderness, with only an occasional small opening, teams going up the creek to Wat- kins for goods and returning via Horseheads. When up to Bath to make a payment on his lands, Mr. McCay, the agent, asked of Lilly, " How do you get along for roads?" He answered, "We don't get along at all." After he had explained the condition of things the agent informed him that if he would open a road, the work thus done should apply on payment for his lands, at the rate of 81 per rod. This report was received with incredulity by his few neighbors, but Mr. Lilly complied, making 180 rods that year which was accepted and applied, and also 89 rods the next year. This road was opened along the valley below high-water mark, and subsequently had to be moved to the foot of the hill. Before this it took two days to go to Corning. Game of all kinds was especially abundant. The first stage-route was established by A. B. Dickinson and Mr. Seymour, a tavern-keeper in Corning. Among the early settlers was Isaac Lafevre, who built the first grist-mill in town, and Jane C. Leach, who is credited with having taught the first school. George Stan- ton was the first male child born in the town. The first death was that of John Stanton. Alonzo Gaylord was also one of the first school-teachers in the town as well as first assessor. He was intimately connected with the development of the town for several years, and much of the early improvement was due to him. The late Hon. Andrew B. Dickinson became, at a later day, a resident of Hornby, and was perhaps the most re- markable and distinguished man who has ever lived in the town. Major Dickinson represented this Senatorial district for four years, and for many years was a leading and in- fluential politician. At the same time he was one of the most extensive farmers and stock-growers in this part of the State. Under Mr. Lincoln's administration he was ap- pointed minister to Nicaragua, where he displayed so much diplomatic ability that the government to which he was accredited made particular request, and offered pecuniai-y inducements, to have him returned. He finally consented, and settled in that country, purchasing a sugar plantation and living upon it until his death, which occurred April 21, 1873. ORGANIZATION. Owing to the loss of the records the list of the officers of 1826 is incomplete, but in 1827 there was a vigorous open- ing of roads, under the administration of Henry Gardner and James W. Holmes. Roads were surveyed from Elijah Robbin.s', three miles around West Hill ; from David Smith's, north, through by John Dickinson's, south and east ; three miles east from the county line ; and nearly 300 days' work laid out that year. At the three days' election held at Shaw's tavern, Knowlton's, and Dickinson's store, in 1826, the following officers were elected : Supervisor, A. B. Dickinson ; Town Clerk, Josiah Wheat ; Collector, Hiram Gardner ; Justices of the Peace, Alonzo Gaylord, Milo llurd, Jonathan Fel- lows ; Inspectors of Election, A. B. Dickinson, Josiah Wheat, Alson Pierce, Daniel Clark ; Assessors, Alonzo Gaylord, ; Commissioner of Highways, Amasa Stanton ; Constable, Hiram Gardner. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1826. A.m\. B. DickinsoD. Josiah Wheat. ll-enry Gardner. 1S27. Rice Nash. u it William Stewart. 1S2S. And. B. Dickinson. ti It Pliny Cobb. lS2il. a it it It " 1830. Daniel Clark. it tt Milo Ilurd. 1831. (. a •' ■' 1832. And. B. Dickinsun. Jonathan Kimbali. .\lanson Gibbs. IS33. " Josiah Wheat. " " 18.34. i, ti (t «i ti ti 1835. ■• " " " " 1836. a it tt It " 1837. .< it tt James Warrick. 1838. W. H. Gaylord. " " 1839. Amasa Stanton. " 0. D. Chatfleld. 1840. " Henry Gardner. John II. Gardner. 1S41. '• " a 1842. David Smith. Lyman C. Wheat. Lemuel Wcllman, 1S43. ii i> " " " 1844. U It John F. Stanton. it it 1845. Flavel W. Morrow. " Elijah S. Hill. 1846. Peter Rhoda. Philo Campbell. John M. Bixbj. 1847. " •• Darius Wellmiui. 1848. Willis H. Gaylord. F. W. Morrow. Darius L. Wellman 1849. F. W. Morrow. D. D. Slauson. Clark L. Smith. 1850. John T. Stanlon. ., it 0. L. Underwood. 1851. Peter Covenhoven. it tt Darius L. Wellman 1852. H ti .Samuel 0. Masters. Kussel Wellman. 1853. John T. Stanton. J. M. Bi.\by. a a 1854. F. W. Morrow. " it 11 1855. Wm. A. Armstrong Nial Gardner. Orlando F. Rhoda. 1856. F. W. Morrow. S. 0. Masters. Frank 0. St. John. 1857. " Nial Gardner. Charles (1. Rogers. 185S. ti it D. L. Wheat. n ii 1859. George Adams. J. Roof, Jr. Philander Wellman 1860. " John J. Hazen. Charles G. Rogers. 1861. N. B. Stanton. .. 0. L. Underwood. 1862. H (« Michael H. Sands. Silas Masters. 1863. " " it ti And. J. Hendrick. 1864. '• Joseph D. Gilbert. •' " 1865. J. H. Ferenbaugh. G. J. Murphy. Philander Wellman 1866. Asem Eddy. Henry F. Harrison U i< 1867. " John B. Smith. Charles G. Rogers. 1868. Jas. B. Humphrey. J. W. Dickinson. George V. Whiting. 1869. Saml. Easterbrooks Myron A. Eddy. Aug. J. Hathaway. 1870. " John Pitts. P. H. Wellman. 1871. J. H. Ferenbaugh. li it David N. Lane. 1872. it n L. J. Stanton. M. J. Harrison. *x *'^^*:5ar«.t y''^svifij. rHOTOi, flr £v<>HS COPN HO N Y fVIRS.S.T. STANTON. COL. N. B. STANTON. Among those whose names appear upon the pages of our county history, none have a better record of an honest, indus- trious life than the subject of this sketch. Colonel N. B. Stanton, son of Deacon Amasa Stanton and Dimmis Brown, was born in Charleston, Montgomery Co., N. Y., Jan. 29, 1814. He was the oldest of a family of seven children, all of whom save the colonel were born in Hornby, his brother George being the first boy born in Hornby. The colonel's grandfather was a native of (!onnecticut, and hence his ancestors were in America before the llevolutionary war, and undoubtedly were of English origin. The colonel's father was also a native of Connecticut, and one of the early pioneers of this county, and settled in Hornby in 1816. He cut the road through from Painted Post to his home in Hornby. He married Dimmis Brown, a native of Connecticut, who was born in 1795, and emigrated to Mont- gomery County ; married about 1813, and settled in Hornby in 1816. Amasa died in 1842, and she died Sept. 13, 1878, in Grand Rapids, Mich., and was buried in Hornby, at her request. The colonel came from one of the best pioneer families of the county. He was reared to industry and sobriety, and in youth imbibed those principles so earnestly maintained by hiii devoted parents. He was reared a farmer, which honorable occupation he sucoessfully followed. Repurchased hiw present farm about 1840, aud since has added thereto, until now the family have two hun- dred and seventy-five acres. He has made nearly all the im- provements on his farm, chopping and clearing the same. His farm was always in a good state of cultivation, and he was con- sidered one of the leading farmers in the town or county. He married Samantha Tracy, daughter of Deacon Jolin aud Polly Stanton Tracy, of Charleston, Montgomery Co., N. Y., Sept. 12, 1841. Mrs. Colonel Stanton was born July 6, 1824. The Tracys originally came from Connecticut, and settled in Mont- gomery County. Of this happy union of Colonel and Mrs. Stanton nine children have been born, eight of whom are living, namely : Au- gustus W., E.sther, Olive A. (who died at the age of seven), J. Amasa, Ophelia R., Frank P., Adelia, Charles A., and Elmer E. In politics Colonel Stanton affiliated with the Republican party from its organization, having previously been a Whig. During the war he was very active in raising troops ; was supervisor for some eight years during the war. He held various offices of trust in the town, to the general satisfaction of his constituents. In 1870 he was elected vice-president of the Agi-icultural Society, and in 1876 was cho.sen president of the same. In his official position he won the respect and confidence of a host of friends, and to him more than any other peraon is due the increased interest and membership. Colonel Stanton was identified with the State militia of his county, and has held the various military positions from private to colonel. Colonel Stanton was a man highly respected by all who knew him, and by his kind, genial disposition won the esteem of his neighbors. As a man, he was courteous and obliging ; as a husband, kind and true ; as a father, tender and affectionate ; as a son and brother, loving and sincere. He came to a sudden death, April 16, 1878, by accidentally falling into a well. He left a good name as the priceless legacy to his widow and children. He left his family in good circumstances. At the time of his death he had lived longer in town than any other man. He was a temperance man. moTos Br EvoMS.ConoiNC K.Y. DANIEL GOODSCLL ;^RS DANIEIL GOODSELL DANIEL W. GOODSELL. The subject of this sketch was born in Cambridge, Wash- ington Co., N. Y., May 14, 1788. His father, Jacob, and mother, Phebe, were natives of Litchfield Co., Conn., and soon after their maniage settled in Washington Co., N. Y. Of this union twelve children were born, of whom Daniel W. was the second child and oldest son. The ancestors of Daniel W. were of English origin, and settled in America previous to the Rev- olutionary war. Daniel W. was reared a farmer, which honorable calling he followed until advanced age compelled him to give it up. As a fanner he has been successful. In the winter of 1802 he settled in Westmoreland, Oneida Co., N. Y., in company with his parents and family. He married Miss Dinah Barker, daughter of Lawton and Hannah Cushman Barker, Oct. 8, 1812. Lawton Barker was born in Rhode Island, April 5, 1772 ; married Miss Hannah Cushman, September, 1794. She was born at Dartmouth, Mass., April 7, 1773. Of this union seven children were born, one son and six daughters, of whom Dinah Barker is the eldest. She was born Oct. 4, 1795, at Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y. As the result of this happy alliance eight children have been born, viz. : Phebe, Hannah, George, Samuel, Albert, Mary, William, and Nelson, all of whom still live, save Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Goodsell resided one year in Oneida County after their maiTiage, then removed to Choconut, Susquehanna Co., Pa. ; remained some six or seven years, and in April, 1820, settled in Hornby, on a farm near where they now reside. Mr. and Mrs. Goodsell's eldest child was born in Oneida County, the next three in Pennsylvania, and the remainder in Hornby. Mr. Goodsell has been a farmer by occupation. In politics, formerly a Jeifersonian Democrat, but later in life a Republican. He has held the office of assessor of Hornby. Mr. Goodsell united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1828, and Mrs. Goodsell with the Baptists in 1823. In 1869, Mrs. Goodsell received an injury which compelled them to give up the old farm and live with their daughter Han- nah, who married Levi Coye. Mr. Coye is a native of Auburn, N. Y., and settled in Hornby, when but eleven years of age, with his parents. Mr. and Mrs. Goodsell are now far advanced in life, having lived longer together than any other couple we know of in the county. More than sixty-six years ago they commenced life's journey together, and Mrs. Goodsell is as smart as ever, save her lameness, but age has made its mark on Mr. Goodsell. They have reared a family who are respected. Mr. Goodsell was never absent from home more than four weeks at any one time. Levi Coye was born Nov. 8, 1811, and married Hannah Goodsell, Oct. 11, 1838. Of this union four children were born, viz. : Minerva 0., Alva D. and Ahce (twins), and Emma A. Mr. and Mrs. Coye are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church of Hornby, and have been for many years. Id politics, formerly a Whig, and then Republican. Mr. Coye is one of the substantial farmers of Hornby. rfS-'-i^^' V f ■^4s'§^' GEORGE GOODSELL. f PfOTOS BY Evans. CORN'HC.N Y.) MRS. GEORGE GOODSELL. GEORGE GOODSELL. Among the most highly respected citizens of Hornby may be placed Mr. George Goodsell. He is the eldest son of Daniel W. and Dinah Goodsell, and was born in Choconut, Susquehanna Co., Pa., Feb. 17, 1817. He spent his boyhood days on his father's farm, in which, at an early age, he took a deep interest. When twenty- one years of age he commenced work for himself on forty-one acres of land in Hornby, whither he had come with his parents in 1820, when but three years old ; to this first purchase he has been adding acre after aci-e, until he has two hundred and eight acres of land, and other property. He has chopped and cleared the larger part of his home farm himself. During the winters he has for a great many years been engaged in lumbering, but of late has given up that interest. He married Miss Olive, daughter of Theodore and Charlotte Hendrick, old settlers of Hornby, and late of Orange township, N. Y., March 12, 1846. Mrs. Olive Goodsell was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Oct. 10, 1816, and removed to Hornby in 1817 with her parents. Of this union the following children were born, viz., Isabell C, born April 6, 1848 ; she married Layton Powell, of Hornby, and has three children, namely, Ellen, Clarissa, and George. Clarissa A. was born April 23, 1852, and died May 2, 1852. Delilah was born Aug. 5, 1854; married David Kiif, and now re- sides in Pennsylvania; they have one son, Arthur. Dinah E. was born March 22, 1856, and married Clay- ton Roloson, of Hornby ; and Theodore D., born Oct. 31, 1860, and died in infancy. Mr. Goodsell has been a life-long Democrat, but never takes a very active part in politics. He has held some of the minor offices of his town. He is regarded as one of the upright citizens of Hornby. Both of his parents are still living, honored and respected by all who know them. TOWN OF HORNBY. 315 Supervisors. Town Clerks. OoIIcctors. 1873. J. H. Ferenbaugh. Peter D. Rogers. M. J. Harrison. 1874. Saml. Easterbrooks. Isaac N. (Jreen. L. G. Stanton. 1875. " " Myron A. Eddy. Ricbard H. Rogers. 1876. Samuel C. Erwin. Frank Sands. P. H. Wellman. 1877. *' '' '* *' '' ** 1878. .'\lfrcd Rolo.son. Henry Wheat. David N. Lane. ISL'fi. .Milo Ilurd. Jon.it and returning in time to get supper for the men. She always used to come " light-footed," as she called it, that is, barefooted. SETTLEMENT OF THE HILLS. The earliest settlements were chiefly, if not exclusively, in the valleys of the streams, and not till within compara- tively few years — since the pines have become scarce and inferior — have the uplands been occupied exclusively, or even generally, for agricultural purposes. But within these few years wonderful improvements have been made. The smoke of the many burning fallows has not been made in vain. All the hills surrounding the village have been thickly settled, and their improvements form a large part of the wealth and pro.sperity of the town. The settlement known as Wellever Hill is situated south- east upon the dividing ridge between this town and Harts- ville. The soil on the hill is excellent both for grain and grass, and no better wheat land is to be found in Western New York. The first settler of this neighborhood was Mr. Cahran. He moved here over fifty years ago and cleared a farm, and was followed soon after by David Wellever, the father of four townsmen of that name, who came from Lycoming Co., Pa. After him came Andrew Hendershott, Samuel Hathaway, Peter Best, John Meeks, and James Spencer. Alanson Stephens made a fine clearing on the hill overlooking the village. The settlers have good houses, and the district to which they belong has a good school. The settlement is rapidly increasing in agriculture, and some have devoted considerable attention to wool-growing. Leaving Wellever Hill we come to Crosby Creek, where we find a snug neighborhood of farmers. Those familiar with this region twenty-five years ago, will be astonished at the change that has taken place. Among the earliest settlers on the creek were Leonard Drake, Jerry Davis, Wm. D. Burdick, Richard Peter.son, Samuel and Thomas Burnett, Asa Whitford, Isaiah Bartlett, and Elisha Potter; and in later years, John Stone, John Cleveland, Abraham Whitford, Samuel Olin, Edwin G. Burdick, Samuel and George Cobb, and the Wheelers. There are many fine farms, two saw-mills a short distance up the valley, erected by N. B. Haskell. Pennsylvania Hill embraces a large tract of country on the table-land northwest of the village, and contains some of the best farms in the town. Among the oldest inhabi- tants were James Dildine, James McMichael, William Emery, A. Sutton, Daniel Sutton, Ira Hyde, and Gilbert Wright. WILLIAM WOOLEVER. WTLLIAM WOOLEVER. William Woolever was born in Columbia Co., Pa., in the year 1807, Oct. 29. His grandfather was an emigrant from Genuany. His father, Samuel Woolever, was bom in Columbia County in 1779 ; married Effie Gillespie, a native of the same county. Of this union there were born four sons and three daughters, of whom William was eldest. His father died at the age of forty-five, in the same county where he was born. His mother died at about the age of forty, the next year after her husband, in the year 1825. Of the children, only a sister, Mrs. Jacob Yager, of Lycom- ing Co., Pa., besides the subject of this narrative, survives. Mr. Woolever came to Arkport, Steuben Co., first in the year 1823, with his father; stayed nearly one year, and returned to their home in Pennsylvania. After the death of both his father and mother, in the year 1826, he returned to Arkport and began work by the month for Christopher Cary. His whole capital was twelve shillings in money. In 1827 he mar- ried Mrs. Cary, and began a business life for himself. Through the assistance of the late Ira Davenport he rented a farm (Mr. Davenport's), which he carried on for ten years, and was then able of his own means to purchase seventy acres of land for himself, to which he af^rwards made additions, so that he became the possessor of several hundred acres of fine agricultural land about Arkport. His life has been one of industry, economy, and care, and it is to such men as Mr. Woolever that the rising generation ffill ever owe a debt of gratitade for their enterprise, privation, and resolution in building schools, churches, clearing off forests, and establishing law and order in society. With that public spirit that shows devotion to country and sympathy for the needy, upon the breaking out of the late Rebellion, Mr. Woolever was the first man to ofier his subscription for the care of soldiers' wives and families while they were in battle at the front. He has been an unswerving member of the Whig and Re- publican parties, and ever exercised the right of sufirage. His wife died in October, 18C9, aged seventy. HLs children were William (deceased), Mary Ann (deceased), Alexander (de- ceased), Augustus (deceased) ; James and Samuel, of Arkport ; and Mrs. AUington Ward, of Michigan. For his second wife, in the year 1870, he married Mrs. Mary Ann Cairns, widow of the late Hiram Cairns, of Allegany Co., N. Y., and daughter of Sylvester Prior, of Arkport. /"■ \ ■■• 'ty">'-^'i^<^'^t^-''yi^<^ 3^" 1864. James McWooiever. 1843. Sidney Frisbie. 1865. Hiram Bennett. 1844. John Pitts. F. Colegrove.* Nathaniel Finch.* 1866. S. M. Thacher. 1845. Hiram Bennett. S. D. Pitts.* 1846. Benjamin T. Hoyes. 1867. Stephen F. Gilbert. 1847. Ethan Coats. 1868. Homer Hollid.iy. Andrew Morris.* 1869. Kodney Dennis. 1848. John Hurlbut. Henry Howard.* Nathaniel Finch.* isro. Charles E. Beard. 1849. Nathaniel Finch. 1871. H. F. Howard. 1850. Hiram Bennett. 1872. Martin V. Doty. 1851. Andrew Morris. 187-3. Homer Holliday. 1852. William E. Haight. 1874. C. E. Board. 1853. James Atley. 1875. H. F. Howard. 1854. Hiram Bennett. 1876. Orson Mosher. 1855. Homer Holliday. 1877. Edwin J. Cox. 1856. John Hurlbut. 1878. Henry L. Walker. 1857. John M. Wisewell. VILLAGE or HOENELLSYILLE. The Tillage of Hornellsville is situated in the upper Can- isteo Valley, and at th e intersection of the Buffalo division with the main line of the Erie Railway. Its railroad facilities and advantages for manufacturing and commercial interests are second to no other place in the county. Hor- nellsville is distant from New York three hundred and thirty-five miles, from Dunkirk one hundred and twenty- eight miles, from Buffalo ninety-one miles, and from Corning forty-one miles. The population of the village has rapidly increased during the past decade, and is at present estimated at between 7000 and 8000. The history of the growth of this village from a rural hamlet presents a long period of prosperity and general improvement. But the period of its rapid growth began with the construction of the New York and Erie Railway. In 1832 the Legislature passed an act chartering this com- pany to build a railroad from some point on the Hudson River, through the southern tier of counties by way of Owego, to some point on Lake Erie. The route through this county was left undetermined. There was no clause in the bill compelling the company to construct the road by the way of Hornellsville, and the only sure thing was that it would go through the county somewhere, and perhaps up the valley of the Canisteo. Great anxiety prevailed, and when, at last, through the exertions of influential citizens, prominent among whom may be mentioned Hugh Magee, the late Judge Hawley, James McBurney, Charles N. Hart, Martin Adsit and others, the engineer decided to locate the road through this village, the joy of its citizens was unbounded. In 1841 the pile-driver, a steam-machine combining pile- driver, locomotive, and saw-mill, made its appearance upon the route. It moved upon wheels, driving two piles at a time, and sawing them off at a level as it passed along. In this section it commenced operations at the lower edge of a pine woods, which stood back of the present depot, and * To fill vacancy. moved eastward, constructing the original but long since obsolete road-bed of the great Erie Railwa}'. The traveler through the valley sees at this day the relics of this early work, and perhaps wonders for what purpose and at what period so many piles were driven into the ground. The company running out of funds, the construction of the road was for some time suspended, which was not only a serious blow to the hopes of Hornellsville, but for some time a great detriment to her business interests. The pros- pect of the road being speedily finished had stimulated un- wonted activity ; speculation had run high ; real estate had risen rapidly ; people had begun to look for " good loca- tions" and " corner lots ;" and land which had remained in one ownership since the early settlement had suddenly begun to change hands, and to be " staked out" or fenced into lots. All this was brought to a sudden stand, and, it was feared by many, to a hopeless reversion, by the suspen- sion of the building of the road. The work, however, was again resumed, and the road built through from Piermont, on the Hudson, to Dunkirk, N. Y. On Sunday, the first day of September, 1850, the first locomotive came up the valley, and stopped at this village. We need not speak of the rejoicing of the citizens, nor of their gratitude to the railway company, to whom more than to all other advan- tages the village owes its rapid growth and its present and prospective prosperity. The entrance of the road gave the place that impulse which it has ever since held, changing it from a small inland village to a prominent position among the thriving and posperous business centres of the State. The progress of the place rapidly followed. On the 19th of November, 1851, Edwin Hough published the first number of the Hornellsville Tribune, the first newspaper published in the town. The village was incorporated June 28, 1852. The branch road to Buffalo was opened the same summer. This and the following year were marked by a whirl and excitement, and fortunes were made in corner lots. Large and expensive buildings were erected, and the population increased so rapidly that buildings could not be erected fast enough to accommodate the new-comers. The Tribune of that date states that there was not a single house to let in the village. The first locomotive in Hornellsville was the "Orange, No. 4," built by the Norris Locomotive-Works at Philadelphia. She was also the first that ran to Attica, and in fact the pioneer of the entire road. Engine No. 90 was the next, and the first to sound the steam-whistle between Buffalo and Cleveland. She was taken from Boston to Piermont by N. G. Brooks and C. W. Tafts, on a schooner, then put on a scow and towed to Buffalo by the way of the Erie Canal, then located on a ship and taken to Dunkirk, and ran the first train at that end of the road. In February, 1851, C. W. Tafts was ordered to Hornells- ville from Dunkirk, to run engine No. 73, between Hor- nellsville and Andover as a construction-train. He came by stage, which took four days (instead of four hours, as at present). Jamestown, EUicottville, Little Valley, and An- gelica were stopping-places. Fare and hotel charges, $10. At that time Hornellsville contained about one hundred Walter G. Rose was born in Coventry, Conn., Oct. 2, 1814. He was second son in a family of three sons and three daughters of Horace and Marcia (Edgerton) Rose, the former a native of Coventry, and the latter a native of Lebanon, Conn. His parents removed from Connecticut and settled in the town of Hartwick, Otsego Co., N. ¥., in 1827, where they followed the occupation of farming, and for awhile his father was a merchant. There they re- mained until the year 1846, when the fomily came to Hornellsville (except one daughter, Mary Ripley Rose, who died in Otsego County), where the parents lived until their decease, the father dying in the year 18G2, at the age of seventy-four ; the mother died at the age of eighty-six, in the year 1875. Of the children, all are living except Ashley and Horace J., leaving those who survive at the time of writing this sketch, Walter G., Mrs. J. X. Brands, and Mrs. Jonathan Wyatt, of Wisconsin. Mr. Rose, after receiving a fair education at the common school, at the age of seventeen was apprenticed to learn the tinner's trade, with term of service of three and one-half years, followed with three years as a journeyman. His industry and integrity exemplified during this time won the confidence of his employer, and he was taken in as a partner in the business, which was continued for some six years at Hartwick, Otsego Co., when Mr. Rose started a general merchandise store for himself, which he carried on until 1845, and disposed of it. The same year he came to Hornellsville and purchased the property he now occupies, in connection with his father, which they took possession of in the spring of 1846. At this time Hornellsville was a small village of some two hundred and fifty inhabitants. Mr. Rose at once established a general hardware business and the manufac- ture of tinware, which was the first established in Hor- nellsville and the Canisteo Valley. This business he has increased as the growth of the village and country around demanded, until instead of a few hundred a year it now reaches as many thousand annually, and is the oldest house of the kind in the Canisteo Valley. Mr. Rose has not only been intimately connected with the growth of the village in all its improvements and enter- prises, but as well the town beside, being chosea to occupy many positions of trust and responsibility, both within the corporation and town : as trustee of the village for some three years, assessor for nine years, and supervisor for two years, all of which positions have been filled with fidelity to the citizens and credit to liim.self Upon the organization of the Bank of Hornellsville, Mr. Rose was chosen vice-president (with Mr. F. G. Bab- cock as president), which connection he still retains. He has been unswervingly identified with the Democratic party since he cast his first vote for Martin Van Buren for President of the United States, and in his party has been somewhat active and a conservative counselor. In the year 1839 he married Glovina, third daughter of Peter and Cornelia (Murray) Olendorf, of Otsego Co., N. Y. She was born March 18, 1816. Her paternal grandfather, Daniel Olendorf, was a native of Germany ; was in the Revolutionary war ; was taken prisoner with his wife by the Indians at Cherry Valley, and were prisoners some two years. Her maternal grandfather, William Murray, was a native of Bristol, England ; came to America at the age of eighteen ; was private secretary for General Washington during the war for independence. Their children are John R. and Charles, partners with their father in business. Gilbert G. died young, and Annie was drowned in the Canisteo River at the age of eighteen, in the year 1869. roo^-iy^^ CyOC James Alley was born in Moravia, Cayuga Co., N. Y., March 25, 1810. He is a lineal descendant of the third generation from his ancestor, Alley, who was of French birth, and settled in Dutchess Co., N. Y., where his father, William Alley, was born in 1763, and was married to Phebe Dusenbury, and in the year 1798 re- moved to Cayuga County, and during his life followed farming and worked some at his trade as a mason. He died in Moravia at the age of eighty-seven. His wife died at the age of sixty-seven. The family consisted of eight sons and two daughters, of whom Mr. James Alley was sixth son. Until he was eighteen he spent his time on the farm of his father and attending the common school, followed by five years as a clerk in a general merchandise store at ]\loravia, where he laid the foundation for his subsequent career as a merchant and business man. In the year 1833 he settled in the town of Howard, this county, and started mercantile business for himself, carting his goods from Hammondsport. During these days staging it to Albany was the quickest mode of transit. Mr. Alley remained as a merchant in Howard until 1849, and during that time, in the year 1836, was married to Julia, daughter of Charles Graves, of that town. By this union were born (that now are living") two chil- dren, Charles G., a lumber merchant of Whitehall, Mich., and Mrs. George M. Smith, of the same place. Upon the close of his mercantile business in Howard he removed to Hornellsville, and for twenty-one years was a dry-goods merchant of this place. Mr. Alley was also en- gaged in other enterprises while in the mercantile business here. In the year 1870 he commenced operations in the lumber business at Whitehall, Mich., purchasing at that time and since some five thousand acres of land. In this business now, which has become largely successful, he has associated his son and also his son-in-law. While a resident of the town of Howard, Mr. Alley was honored with the ofiices of clerk and supervisor several terms each, and in 1850 represented his Assembly district in the State Legislature. He was formerly identified with the Whig party, and upon the formation of the Republican party became a supporter of its principles. In the year 1877 his wife died, and in the year 1878 he married Mrs. Amanda Sweetland, of Hornellsville. Mr. Alley still retains his residence at Hornellsville, although he .spends much time in connection with his lumber business in Michigan. TOWN OF HORNELLSVILLE. 325 houses, two churches, and two school-houses. Cobb's Hotel, corner of Main and Canisteo Streets, opposite Mr. Adsit's store, was the resort of the weary traveler. One week previous to the grand opening day of the road, engine No. 73, on a gravel-train, sank in the quick- sand at Tip-Top Summit, just west of the water-tank, and it took over a week to Ret her out. She has been of great service since. THE ERIE SHOPS. The first Erie shop (or shed) was built in 1849. It was enlarged in 1850 to accommodate three engines, and ma- chinery for repairing the same. It was burned in 1856. The ground was broken for new shops and engine-house, and the foundation laid in 1854, the old shops being too small. The building was completed in 1856, and was dedi- cated by a grand ball, September 4, 1856. H. E. Bur- ringer, ticket-agent for the company at that time, sold tickets for the ball. He has remained in the company's service ever since, holding positions of responsibility and trust. The Erie shops, at Horneilsville, cover six acres of ground, including two round-houses. The latter will accommodate 42 engines. The car-.shops employ 50 men ; the machine-shops and round-houses employ 172 men ; be- sides, there are 120 engineers and firemen on the Western Division of the Erie Road, and 300 engineers and firemen on the Buffalo Division. W. H. Van Deusen is chief clerk of the shops. A. M. Rollins had charge, as general fore- man, previous to 1851 ; in that year he was succeeded by Stephen Hobbs, but was returned by Mr. Martin in 1854. John Latham served as general foreman from 1859 to 1869 ; W. E. Cooper, from 1869 to Feb. 14, 1874 ; J. W. Chapman, from Feb. 14, 1874, to June, 1878. G. H. Griggs, present master mechanic, took charge of the shops June 15, 1878. There are four yard-masters: A. A. Dudley, William Branzen, George H. Bullock, and Ami Osgood. Thomas Stoddard, baggageman ; Louis Hienderf, railway police ; J. E. Neff, night police ; A. E. Brow, chief telegraph operator. 75 men are employed in the yard, freight-hou.se, ticket-office, and around the station, under the control of the station-agent, D. K. Belknap. The railroads add about 2500 to the population of Hor- neilsville. The average monthly pay-roll of men living in the village is, for the Western Division, $23,000, and for all three divisions, $40,000. There are about 30 miles of switching in the Horneilsville yard, and from 500 to 800 cars pass through the town cacii way every day. DANIEL K. BELKNAP was born in Bethany, Wayne Co., Pa., iMar. 17, 1828. His ancestor, Samuel Belknap, emigrated from Wales, and settled in the town of Windsor, Conn., about the latter part of the seventeenth century. His great-grandfather, Abel Belknap, born in 1739, married Elizabeth Stevens, and moved to Stillwater, Sara- toga Co., N. Y., where he followed farming, and on his farm was fought the ever-memorable battle between Gates and Burgoyne, "The Battle of Saratoga." He was a .soldier of the Revolution, first ranking as ensign, and at the close of the war as lieutenant of artillery. His grandfather, Abel Belknap, Jr., was also a soldier of the Revolution, and after the close of the war moved to Cherry Valley, Otsego Co., where he became one of the early settlers. His children were five sons and three daugh- ters, of whom Horace Belknap, father of the subject of this sketch, was second, and was born at Cherry Valley, in the year 1792 ; married Susan, daughter of Joseph Skinner, of Damascus, Wayne Co., Pa. The Skinner family were de- scendants of Admiral Skinner, who was one of the first set- tlers on the Dealware River, west of Port Jervis ; was driven away by the Indians and Tories, and returned after the close of the war. Horace Belknap followed farming and lumbering; was in the war of 1812 as a musician (a fifer), lived the most of his life in Wayne Co., Pa., and died in Tioga Co., Pa., at the age of sixty-one. Of their five sons and three daughters, Daniel K. was third child. He received only a limited early education. At the age of eighteen he went into the busy world for himself, re- solved to do whatever would bring an honest livelihood. For five years he was with a company of civil engineers on the Pennsylvania coal roads, and his experience in this new business led him to desire more of a railroad life. Upon the completion of the Erie Railway he at once obtained a position, and for twenty-seven years has been connected with that great highway, in various positions of trust and responsibility. There are very few, if any, in the employ of the Erie Company who can trace their business relations with the road through all its administrations, as can Mr. Belknap. And it is said, that during its entire length, no man is better or more favorably known by all the employees of the road. For eleven years he was stationed at Deposit, N. Y., as agent, and for the past six years he has been lo- cated at Horneilsville. With all the changes in connection 326 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. with this great thoroughfare, few have retained to so full an extent the confidence of the several administrations of this road as has Mr. Belknap. In all matters of local in- terests Mr. Belknap has not shrunk from responsibility, and supports with a liberal hand and willing mind churcii and kindred interests. Since the organization of the Bank of Hornellsville he has been one of its directors. He has led a strictly business life, seeking no political preferment or official notoriety. In the year 1857, Oct. 14, he married Elvira Blizzard, of Sullivan Co., N. Y. Their children are Walter and Laura. The following is a list of station-agents at Hornellsville from the opening of the Erie Road, in September, 1850, to date: J. A. Redfield, Sept. 1850, to Feb. 1852; II. B. Smith, Feb. 1852, to Oct. 1854; J. S. Spellman, Oct. 1854, to March, 1855 ; J. S. Sheaffer, March, 1855, to Jan. 185G; H. B.Smith, Jan. 185G, to Sept. 1858; T. P. Stowell, Sept. 1858, to May, 1863; W. C. Taylor, May, 18G3, to March, 1864 ; E. Van Tuyle, March, 1864, to Nov. 1866 ; E. M. Canfield, Nov. 1866, to Nov. 1868 ; S. C. Jillson, Nov. 1868, to Feb. 1873; D. K. Belknap, Feb. 1873, to present time. The following are the master mechanics and superintend- ents of the Hornellsville shops and the Western Division of the Erie Road : Master Mechanics. — KXhevt Griswold, 1851-53; Jas. Gilraore, 1853-54; Will, Hart, 1854-56; F. P. Martin, 1856-57; H. G. Brook.s, 1857-61 ; John Durrell, 1861- 64; M. E. Cooper, J. W. Chapman, G. H. Griggs, present master mechanic. Siiperintendents.~\N . C. Taylor, 1851-53; R. N. Brown, 1853-54; J. A. Hart, 1854-56; B. Smith, 1856 -57; Charles P. Robinson, 1857-61; H. G. Brooks, 1861-64; J. S. Beggs, 1864, to present time. INCORPORATION OP THE VILLAGE. The village was incorporated, under the general law, at a court of sessions held in Bath, on the 28th day of June, 1852. The first election of ofiieers was held August 30 of the same year, at which John H. Lillie, Thomas Snell, J. T. Wilbur, Richard Durbin, and Wm. C. McCormick were chosen Trustees; George Alley, Hiram Bennett, and llufus E. Holmes, Assessors; Horace Bemis, Clerk; Mar- tin Adsit, Treasurer ; and James Fogle, Poundmaster. At the meeting of the board, John II. Lillie was chosen Presi- dent. 1853.— Col. L. D. Benton, R. Durbin, D. S. Reyno, James Alley, John J. Ely, Trustees; D. S. Reyno, Presi- dent ; H. A. Patterson, Clerk ; N. Chadwick, Treasurer. 1854.— P. C. Ward, William M. Hawley, R. L. Brun- dage, H. Bennett, J. M. Osborne, Trustees; Col. P. C. Ward, President ; Ezra Bowen, Clerk ; Martin Adsit, Treasurer. 1855.— T. J. Reynolds, J. M. Wisewell, W. R. McCor- mick, J. H. Lillie, C. E. W. Baldwin, Trustees; Maj. T. J. Reynold.s, President; M. C. Prindle, Clerk; M. E. Brown, Treasurer. 1856.— W. G. Rose, R. Pardee, William Bennett, S. Taylor, Martin Adsit, Trustees ; Martin Adsit, President ; J. R. Sheldon, Clerk ; I. E. Sharp, Treasurer. 1857. — N. M. Crane, Mark Ball, L E. Bowen, James Kinshern, Stephen Taylor, Trustees ; Col. N. M. Crane, President ; Miles W. Hawley, Clerk ; I. E. Sharp, Treas- urer. 1858. — M. E. Brown, Martin Adsit, J. P. Martin, Morris Smith, Philip Van Scoter, Trustees ; M. E. Brown, President; Miles W. Hawley, Clerk; H. Holliday, Treas- urer. 1859. — Morris Smith, Mark Ball, Philip Van Scoter, J. T. Glazier, Martin Adsit, Trustees; Morris Smith, Presi- dent; Miles W. Hawley, Clerk; R. Pardee, Treasurer. I860.— Mark Ball, Noah D. Ogden, David Conderman, James T. Glazier, Nathan Nichols, Trustees; Mark Ball, President ; Miles W. Hawley, Clerk ; I. E. Sharp, Treas- urer. 1862.— Alonzo Trumbull, Walter G. Rose, W. H. Coy- kendall, George H. Kellinger, Mark Ball, Trustees ; Alonzo Trumbull, President ; Ziba B. Guilds, Clerk ; James W. Burnhani, Treasurer. 1863. — Hiram Bennett, N. D. Ogdeu, A. Trumbull, C. L. Prindle, Trustees; Hiram Bennett, President; E. R. Reynolds, Clerk. 1864.— L. D. Pratt, Charles F. Smith, James M. Cook, Horace Bemis, E. H. Badger, Trustees ; L. D. Pratt, Presi- dent; V. B. Wetmore, Clerk. 1865.— Martin Adsit, Charles F. Smith, Mark Ball, Walter G. Rose, John R. Sbeldon, Trustees ; Martin Ad- sit, President ; John Culbert, Clerk ; Augustus McHenry, Treasurer. Since the adoption of the new charter, the following have been presidents and clerks of the village: Presidents. Clerks. 1S67 1. W. Near. J. M. Popple. ISGS R. M. Tuttle A. S. Charles. ISfiiJ Rodney Dennis. (i. W. Brigdcn. 1S70 John R. Rose. Miles W. Hawley. 1S71 .S. E. Shattuck. W. H. Van Dusen. 1872 II. E. Biivinger. 187u Horace IJeniis. A. S. Charles. 1874 James H. Stephens. A. G. Howard. 1875 Samuel Arnott. D. G. Moriarty. 1876 R. D. Jillson. M. G. Graham. 1877 Charles Adsit. G. W. Brigden. 1878 G. S. Humphrey. F. P. Rathbun. ALDERMEN. — 1878. First Ward. — Richard Stellman, J. H. Shaut. Second Ward.- — George Hollands, G. L. Boynton. Third Ward — E. I. Gilbert, J. I. Bentley. Fourth Ward. — John Sauter, David Adams. Fifth Ward.— J. W. Chapman, Thomas Kelley. Sixth Ward.— B. F. Collins, J. W. Burns. Police Justice. — George W. Brigden. Treasurer. — Charles Maguire. Collector. — Stephen Hollands. Assessors. — Edward Connoiy, Thomas Burris, Harvey Prentis. EARLY MERCHANTS AND BUSINESS MEN. Col. Ira Davenport was the first merchant in the village. He came here iu 1815 with a single wagon-load of goods, driving three hundred miles, from Harpersfield, Delaware NATHANIEL B. HASKELL was bom in the town of Wayne, Kennebec Co., Me., Dec. 3, 1811. The ancestors of the Haskell family emigrated from Eng- land, and settled in New England, in 1G26. His grandfather, Eliphalet, and his father, Jacob, were both natives of New Gloucester, Cumberland Co., Me. ; the latter was a lumber- man and farmer' by occupation ; was a captain of a company of militia in the war of 1812, and in the beginning of the present century moved to Wayne, Kennebec Co., Me. He was married to Charlotte Bennett, of which union were born four sons and three daughters, of whom Nathaniel B. Haskell was third child. Five of the children are now living. The father died at the age of sixty -five, in the year 1848. The mother died in 1831, at the age of about forty-five. Mr. Haskell remained with his father engaged in lumbering, farming, and carrying on a grist-mill until he was twenty years of age. In the year 1831 he went to New Brunswick and en- gaged as a millwright. There he remained for three years and went to Bangor, Me., where he remained for some two years, and a short time afterwards accompanied Hiram A. Pitts, the inventor of the Pitts' Separator, through New Jersey and Penn- sylvania in its sale. After one year he traveled alone, selling this machine, and it is said that Mr. Haskell bought the first machine that was sold. In 1843 he went to Penobscot Co., Me., and engaged in lumbering, which he continued until 1857. His first purchase of timber land was some seven thousand acres in that county. and his operations were somewhat extensive. Tn 1847 he mar- ried Hannah, daughter of Nathaniel Shorey, of Burlington, Me. Her grandfather lived to the advanced age of ninety-five, and died in Lowell, Me. Her father, during the latter part of his life, moved to Wisconsin, where he died in 1875. Mrs. Haskell was born Dec. 2, 1827. In 1857, Mr. Haskell moved to the village of Hornellsville, and one year and a half latsr moved on to the place where he now resides, then a woodland tract, but now by his untiring industry and enterprise a pleasant farm residence. His first purchase was some three hundred and sixty-five acres, most of which he has cleared of its original forest and erected commo- dious buildings thereon. Mr. Haskell's has been a life of active business, rewarded with merited success. For several years since he came to Hornells- ville he has been also engaged in the lumber interest in Michi- gan, and a part of the time his family has resided there. In this latter interest he was associated with William Bennett, and James and George Alley, which interest he disposed of in 1870. In 1868 he bought an interest in the lumber business in Huron Co., Mich., with Henry C. Spaulding, of Elmira, which he still retains. He was formerly a WTiig, was a delegate to the first State convention in Maine, and assisted in the organization of the Republican party, since which time he has been identified with that party. His children are Moses, Bennett, Edward M. Albert, Lizzie A., Henry Beecher (deceased), and Bell M. ALANSON STEPHENS, the subject of this sketch, was born in the town of Hornellsville, this county, Dec. 8, 1820. The Stephens family in this county is descended from Elijah Stephens, his grandfather, who settled in the town of Canisteo in the year 1789 ; he, with some six others, coming from the Wyoming Valley after the great massacre there, by the way of the Susque- hanna, Chemung, and Canisteo Rivers in boats, stopping awhile at Newtown (now Elmira), being the first white inhabitants in the Canisteo Valley. Elijah Stephens became a large land owner, owning several tiers of lots through the town. He met the trials of a wilderness life and of early settlement with that resolution which overcame difficulties, and paved the way for the prosperity of his progeny, which became quite numerous. He died at the age of about eighty, in the year 1840, leaving three sons and six daughters. His father, Benjamin Stephens, was second child of this family, was a farmer by occupation and in his day figured in the early settlement of the town ; he was married to Arthusa Hamilton, of the town of Howard. Her father, Alexander Hamilton, was a Revo lutionary soldier, was a pensioner, and lived to a very advanced age. Of this union were born five sons and two daughters, of whom the subject of this notice was the oldest. His father died in 1835, having been born in 1800. His mother died about 1840, at the age of forty. Mr. Stephens spent his early life as a carpenter and joiner, and as early as at the age of fifteen engaged in rafting lumber down the Su.squehanna River to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Port Deposit, which he carried on quite extensively, sometimes reaching as high a figure as one million feet in a year. His entire .stock of lumber was cut and sawed in the town of Hornellsville, and for some ten years and until the beginning of the war he operated on a large scale in this business ; since which time he has continued the same, but not so extensively. A part of the time he was in partnership with Mr. Barnard, of Albany, who owned some seventeen hundred acres of timber land in the town of Hornellsville. Mr. Stephens' principal occupation now is farming. In early life he was, through necessity, denied the opportunities of an education from books (as in those times a pecuniary value was often set upon the time of children), and hence during his subse- quent life be, feeling the need of the same, has done very much to confer upon others this great gift. In the Fifth Ward may be seen a fine school edifice built by him, and afterwards accepted by the people of that ward : and it may be said that nearly all of the school edifices of the village of Hornellsville bear the imprint of his hand in their construction. In this work Mr. Stephens always felt well repaid that such opportunities might be given the rising generation for an education, and never consented to receive any remuneration for his services. Valuing Mr. Stephens' experience, and knowing his warm interest in school work, for the past twelve years he has been elected President of the Board of Education of Hornellsville, and for some twelve years prior was connected with the Fifth Ward school as trustee. In his early years Mr. Stephens was a Democrat, but subse- quently has regarded principles above party, and independently favors the man who represents the principles of sound doctrine and reform. For two years he has represented bis town as supervisor. In the year 1842 he married Catherine, daughter of Christopher Doty, of Hornellsville. His wife died in 1866, leaving four sons, — Christopher B., Thaddeus A., Walter, and William B., and one daughter, Mrs. Paul Lord. TOWN OF HORNELLSVILLE. 327 Co., where he had for several years previous been clerk in a store in which his father had an interest. His first store, which he built with his own hands, was a frame building, about 18 by 20, and stood just opposite the present foundry of Messrs. Rawson & Tliacher. It was afterwards removed and converted into a kitchen of the " Black Horse" tavern, opposite. He built his next store just east of Main Street, being part of his residence, now standing, as a tenement- house, opposite Mr. Charles Hartshorn's. This hou.se was long after known as the " Eagle Tavern," kept for many years by Hugh Magee. Mr. Davenport's next store was the first brick hou.sc erected in Hornellsville, — residence and store combined, — and is now occupied by Martin Adsit, Esq. He used to haul his goods by team from Catskill, on the Hudson. Col. Davenport had stores in many other parts of tlie coun- try, and made a large fortune in mercantile business. In 1847 he removed to Bath, and there resided till his death. May 2, 1868. His nephew, Martin Adsit, Esq., succeeded him in busi- ness, and had also a bank in the same store for many years. Present locality. No. 127 Main Street. Andy L. Smith, father of Andy L. Smith, the present merchant, was the pioneer in the tanning and shoemaking business, on the site of the present tannery of Mr. William O'Connor. He commenced about 1816, and after carrying on tanning for many years, closed that business and en- gaged in mercantile pursuits. Dugald Cameron, son of the agent of the Pulteney estate at Bath, settled in Hornellsville about 1814. He occupied lands owned by his father, and carried on lumbering as his chief occupation. He was also a fanner, and at one time held the office of justice of the peace. POSTMASTERS. The first postmaster in the town was Judge. Hornell. There is an impression that he was succeeded by one of his sons, but it is uncertain. Col. Ira Davenport was the next incumbent of the office, and held it many years. He was succeeded by Dr. Manning Kelly, who resigned in 1832. John R. Morris was then appointed, and held the office nine years, when he was superseded, under Tyler's adminis- tration, by John K. Hale, who held the office during the balance of the presidential term. Under Mr. Polk, in 1845, Maj. Thomas J. Reynolds received the appointment. The election of Gen. Taylor, in 1848, changed the order of things, and upon his incoming administration Martin Adsit became the incumbent, and held the office till the adminis- tration of President Pierce, when Andy L. Smith received the appointment, and held the office for a short time, when he was succeeded by Dr. Luman A. Ward, who held the office under Buchanan's administration. He was succeeded, under Mr. Lincoln, by E. G. Durfey, who was followed by J. W. Shelly. S. M. Thacher was his successor, and re- mained in office till the appointment of the present incum- bent, F. M. Cronkrite. SCHOOLS. The first school in Hornellsville of which we have any account, was established under the patronage of Judge Hor- nell about the year 1810. It was taught by Miss Sarah Thacher, in a block-house which was then standing near the residence of Deacon Mowry Thacher, a brother of the lady. The first school-house built in the village was of hewed logs, and stood on the site of the pre.sent cabinet- factory of Messrs. Deutsch, Tschachtli & Co. It was built about 1813. Mr. Thacher remembers being at school in it when peace was declared with Great Britain, and one of the large scholars, to celebrate that event, wrote the word " Peace" in large letters, and attached the slip to his hat- band. This was the first district school, now District No. 7. The first teacher was a man by the name of Dudley Miller, who is described as a " tall and lean specimen of humanity, with military boots and little tassels hanging from the tops." It is said that he was a great gallant, but met with about as much success among the fair Katrinas of the Canisteo as his ancient counterpart, the hero of Sleepy Hollow. This building was burned down, and a small frame school-house was built on the site of what is now the Can- isteo Block, corner of Main and Church Streets. It was moved off at the time the Presbyterian church was built. Among the teachers in this building were George Hornell, Jr , Uriah Stephens, and James Osborne. Solomon Head, irreverently called " Old Head," by the boys, was also a teacher about this time, and was followed by John Hunt- ington, a brother of ex-senator Huntington, of Bath. He was succeeded by Rev. Samuel White, Mary Morris, Par- melia Stephens, and others. Deacon Mowry Thacher taught three winters, and was followed by John S. Livermore, Dr. Thomas, and Orange McCay. In 1833" the district purcha.sed the land for a school lot on the point between Canisteo and Church Streets for $40, and the " Old Red School-House " was built at a cost of about $200. The dimensions of the building were 22 by 28 feet. Ira Davenport was the architect. The first teachers who taught in it were Washington Cruger, Samuel Porter, H. V. R. Lord, and Samuel Street. The latter taught for a considerable length of time, and is better remembered than any of the early teachers by many now living, who during that period attended the district school. Many farmers' sons came in and boarded in the village, and at- tended school during the winter months. Mr. Street was somewhat severe in his government, but he possessed a kindly. Christian heart, and always commanded the respect of his pupils. He was followed by Hiram Bennett, Esq., and afterwards, Hiram Hood, John McAlmant, Orson B. Clark and others taught the school. In the summer of 1844 the new school-house, west of the park, was built. Mr. Clark finished his term in this build- ing, and was succeeded by Mr. Street, who was again em- ployed as teacher. After him came the following : E. B. Coon, A. E. Crane, Prof D. Ford, of Alfred, Myron Hurl- but, of Arkport, N. S. Scott, Horace Bemis, Mr. Merriman, Redmond D. Stephens, R. R. Rork, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Baker, Erastus Williams, J. H. Strong, Benton C. Rude, Elizabeth Bartholomew, Rev. S. D. Booram, H. J. Danforth, A. G. Harrington, Mr. Murphy, W. T. Dunmore, and D. L. Free- born. James Taggart, Asa Upson, and Stephen Coon were the first school commissioners of the town of [lornellsville. 328 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. elected in 1821. From that time till 18-44 there were 44 different persons elected to the office, and during the same period there were elected 27 inspectors ; the first of whom were A. Kennedy, Christopher Hurlbut, and George Hor- nell, Jr., and the last were J. K. Hale, Hiram Bennett, and William M. Hawley. In 1843 the Legislature abol- ished the offices of commissioners and inspectors, and created that of town superintendents. At the town-meeting of 1844, Mowry Thacher was elected to the office, being the first superintendent of common schools in the town of Hornells- ville. He had previously served ten years as inspector. The following year Samuel Olin was elected ; then Comfort E. Baldwin (1846), Samuel Olin (1847), Dr. Baldwin (1848-51), Daniel McCay (1851-54), H. A. Patterson (1854), Elon G. Durfey (1855), the last. In 1856 the Legislature abolished the office of town superintendent and county superintendent, and provided for the election of school commissioners in each Assembly district. The first for this district under the act was Wil- liam S. Hall. He was succeeded by Rev. Horatio Patten- gill, whose successors, in the order named, have been R. Dennis, A. T. Parkhill, Edwin Whiting, W. P. Todd, H. R. Williams. PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. The public schools of the village of Hornellsville, by a special act of the Legislature, are organized as a graded school and placed under the control of three trustees as a board of education, who hold office for three years, one trustee being elected each year. To the graded school an academic department, subject to the visitation of the re- gents, was added, and the first regents' examination was held in November, 1872. The buildings now occupied by the schools are as follows: No. (1) one (Park School), which contains the academic department, is on Union Street, opposite the park. The building is a substantial brick structure, two storie.s high, with no basement, and will comfortably accommodate 750 pupils. No. 1 (Fifth Ward School) is on South Canisteo Street, on the south bank of Crosby Creek. It is also a substan- tial brick structure, two stories high. The building stands upon a rise of ground, with its main entrance to the east. It is decidedly the finest school building in the village. It will comfortably accommodate 1500 pupils. No. 3 (Sixth Ward School) is situated on East Main Street. It is also a two-story building, and is the only one of the ward schools built of wood. The aggregate value of school property is as follows : Buildings nnd lots $25,000 Reference library 500 Apparatus 700 Total $26,200 Teachers. — D. L. Freeborn, Superintendent. Park or Acade.mic School. — D. L. Freeborn, Princi- pal; Miss W. E. Bray ton, /"/ece/j^ress; Miss Maggie T. Welch, First Assistant; Miss Laura La Croix, Second Assistant; No. 6, Miss Mary Reilly ; No. 5, Miss Fannie Norton ; No. 4, Miss Belle Bronk ; No. 3, Miss Belle Sim- mons; No. 2, Miss Belle Shelley; No. 1, Miss Nellie Spicer, Miss Susie Dunavon. Fifth Ward School. — D. H. Hendershott, Principal ; Miss Lizzie Graves, Assistant in No. 4 ; No. 3, Miss Alfa Gays; No. 2, Mi.ss Mary Welch ; No. 1, Miss Vandalia Varnum, Miss Ada Rockwell. Sixth Ward School. — Miss Elizabeth Bartholomew, Principal; No. 3, Miss Eva San tee ; No. 2, Miss Alice Aldrich; No. 1, Miss Eva C. Stillman. Broad Street School. — Miss Eugenia Morris. Board of Education. — Alanson Stephens, Esq., Presi- dent ; Hiram Bennett, Esq., Secretary ; Dr. J. W. Robin- son, P. P. Houck. physicians.* John S. Jameson, J. W. Robinson, S. E. Shattuck, M. J. Baker, C. S. Parkhill, S. F. Cridler, C. G. Hubbard, Samuel Mitchell, H. C. Orcutt, W. E. Hathaway. lawyers. t The present lawyers of Hornellsville are Harlo Hakes, Horace Bemis, James H. Stephens, Jr., William E. Bon- ham, I. W. Near, C. W. Stephens, H. Holliday, Wm. C. Bingham, D. L. Benton, Wesley Brown, R. L. Brundage, John M. Finch, Rodney Dennis. J. E. B. Santee, D. M. Page, C. F. Beard. Fay P. Rathbun, J. F. Wetmore, W. W. Oxx, Henry N. Piatt. the hornell library. This institution, as well as the building which it occupies, is a credit to the growing and prosperous village of Hor- nellsville. It occupies a capacious room in the Shattuck Opera House, a building which would be an ornament to a city of 20,000 population. Part of this fine building is owned by the as.sociation, and affords ample and first-cla.ss accommodations for the completion of the plan, as to cabi- nets and collections of art, which the enterprising managers have in view. The history of this library furnishes an example of what may be accomplished in the interest of literature and home culture by the united, energetic action of a few earnest spirits. In the spring of 1868 seven young men incorporated the Hornell Library Association. They had neither money nor books, but they proposed to get both, and to this end they procured and sustained a course of lectures, a masquerade or two was indulged in, festivals were held, and some money thus procured ; more was secured by the issuing of life certificates. The first books were bought June 1, 1868. Now Hornell Library has on its shelves 6000 volumes. This library was the first village library established in Western New York, and its remarkable success induced other villages to follow the example thus set. It has main- tained since its organization a successful lecture course, and we find upon its records the names of many of the ablest lecturers in the country, who have from time to time in- structed and delighted large and appreciative audiences under its auspices. During the first four years the average increase of books was 1000 volumes a year. The association is composed of 34 persons who own life certificates. They annually elect nine managers, a president, vice-president, secretary, and treasurer. The first board of * See Medical Societies, in general history. t See Bench and Bar of this county, in general history. -^^^s^-^^^ Du, John S. Jamison was born in the town of Canisteo, Steuben Co., N. Y., July 25, 1S22. His grandfather, John Jamison, born Dec. 3, 1753, in Durham, Bucks Co., Pa., was of Irish and Scotch descent. Served through the war for independence as a captain, and while in command of the garrison at Fort Washington was taken prisoner, and kept in an old hulk in New York harbor eighteen months. He settled in Canisteo in the spring of 1790. He was a farmer by occu- pation, and died March 23, 1826. His father, John D. Jamison, born in Canisteo, Aug. 10, 1797, was second in a family of nine children ; was married to Elizabeth Stearns, July, 1S21, of which union were born four sons and one daughter, of whom Dr. Jamison is eldest. His father enlisted in the war of 1812; served only a few days when peace was declared. He was a farmer: was a member of the Democratic party, and for many years served the people of his town as magistrate. He died in Canisteo, Dec. 14, 185(1. Dr. Jamison received his early education at the cumnion school, at the Clyde Academy, and the academy at Nunda. His health failing while at the latter school, he was compelled to give up his much- coveted idea of a graduating course at Union College, and for one year was a teacher in the common school, and some three years an instructor in penmanship. By the latter means he paid his way not only at school, but in his subseq^uent medical studies. In the year 1847 he began the study of medicine with Dr. D. D. Davis, of Canisteo ; attended lectures at Buffalo Medical College and Michigan University, and was graduated M.D. from the latter insti- tution in April, 1852, and has since been a member of its Alumni Society. He at once began the practice of medicine in Canisteo, but after one year came to Hornellsville, where he has remained until the present time, and during the twenty-five years he has followed his profession in Hornellsville he has retained the confidence of a large circle of the citizens of this and adjoining counties. May 4, 1861, Dr. Jamison entered the service of the array as as- sistant surgeon at the rendezvous at Elmira, and was subsequently placed in charge as examining surgeon of the vulunteer force organ- izing and quartered at that place. In the fall of the same year he accompanied the 86th New York Volunteers to Washington, as sur- geon of the regiment, with commission dated Oct. 12, 1861, remaining there until his regiment was called into active service at the battle of second Bull Run, where he was a prisoner in the Rebel lines for eleven days, and under a flag of truce released. Dr. Jamison re- mained with his regiment during his terra of service of three years, being often detached as division surgeon, spending nearly two years of his term of service as such. For his skill and medical ability, by special order? of S. Williams, A.-^sistflnt Adjutnnt-General, by com- mand of Major-General Meade, he was appointed on the Board of Examiners for the purpose of examining medical officers of the army. For these services he was complimented very highly by the medlciil director, and especially for the detailed report given of everything occurring in ihe division which in a remote degree affected the medi- cal department. Dr. Jamison, by virtue of the order of Major-Gen- eral Hancock, of April 2, 1804, as Surgeon-in-Chief of Division, was made a member of the Medical Board for the purpose of examining all applicants for leave of absence, discharge, or transfer to the Vet- eran Reserve Corps, by reason of physical disability. On account of bis large operative experience and skillful treatment of cases as surgeon-in-chief of a division of the 3d Army Corj)S Dr. Jamison, in June, 1806, was requested by George A. Otis, Surgeon and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel United States Volunteers, to contribute to bis office reports of his operations and interesting cases during the war. Upon the expiration of his term of service he returned home and resumed the practice of his profession, which he still continues. In 1873 he was appointed United States Pension Examiner at Hornells- ville, which position he still retains. Dr. Jamison has never taken an active part in politics, but has always been interested in the questions affecting any change in our nation's history. In the year 1845, May 26, he married Lavinia, daughter of Abijah Newman, of Schuyler Co., N. Y. They have an only son, Luman Catlin Jamison. Dr. S. E. Shattuck was born in'the village of Branchport, Yates Co., N. Y., May 27, 1829. He was second in a family of four children, the others' names being Darwin and Sarah (Mrs. John Town- send), of Sewell, and Rebecca (Up Degraff ) Shattuck, the former a native of Massachusetts, the latter a native of Philadelphia, Pa. His father M'as a farmer the greater part of his life, and died at the age of seventy-eight. His mother died at the age of seventy-six. Dr. Shattuck received his preliminary education at the common schools at home, and at the Franklin Academy at Prattsburgh, followed by a few terms in teaching. At the age of twenty he began the study of medicine with Dr. D. N. Newton, of Towanda, Pa., with whom he continued one year, followed by a course of study of some three years with Dr. E. Doubleday, of Yates Co., N. Y. He was for three terms a student at the Geneva Medical College and Buffalo University, and was graduated M.D. from the former institution in June, 1851. The same year (October), he came to Hornellsville, and began the practice of medicine, at which place he has since remained continuously in the practice of his profession.^ He is now a physician of some twenty- seven years' standing, a greater number than any other now a resident of the village of Hornellsville. Unassisted pecuniarily in early life. Dr. Shattuck has, by self-exertion, and that integrity of purpose characteristic of his professional and business career, received not only the confidence of the citizens as a practitioner, but has, by sagacity in ])usiness relations, accumulated a fine property. As a result of his in- dustry, may be seen on Broad Street, Hornellsville, one of the finest blocks in Steuben County. He has not been actively connected in political circles, but ever interested in the questions affecting local and national good. He was first identified with the Whig party, and upon the formation of the Re- publican party became a supporter of its principles. He has never sought political emolument or the pub- licity that office brings, yet in local matters has been once chosen as jjresident of the village of Hornells- ville, and in the spring of 1878 was elected super- visor of the town on the Greenback ticket. In July, 1851, he married Harriet, daughter of John B. Hinman, of Bradford Co., Pa. They have living an only daughter, Hattie. Ja.TYoM, Dr. Luman a. Ward was born in the town of Scipio, Cayuga Co., N. Y., July 18, 1809. He was eldest son of James Ward, who was a fiirmer by occupation ; resided most of his life in Cayuga and Allegany Counties, and died in the latter county, town of Almond, at about the age of fifty. Dr. Ward had limited opportunities for an education from books, and spent his minority with his father on the farm. At the age of twenty-four, in the year 1833, he married Hannah Maria, daughter of Peter Earll, of Lysan- der, Onondaga Co., N. Y., a lady of culture and rare excel- lence, and descended from one of the old flimilies of this State. At the age of twenty-five, Mr. Ward began tlic study of medicine with Dr. Davis, of Dansville, Livingston Co., N. Y., and after the regular course of study entered the Eclectic Medical College at Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he was graduated M.D., Feb. 27, 1839. Previous to settling in Hornellsville in 1840, Dr. Ward had practiced medicine at Dansville with his tutor, Dr. Davis, and for some nine years previous to entering college had begun practice in Hornellsville, where he met strong opposition by the profession of the old school. His new theory of medicine soon won its way into favor with the citizens of the village and vicinity, and by his undaunted perseverance and I'esolution be demonstrated, many years prior to his death, its efficiency and merited place in the records of medical history. For twenty-eight years he was a practicing physician in the village and this section of the country, and was really the pioneer of that theory of med- icine, which has come to be regarded of great value by the community at large, and by many of the learned of the present day. Dr. Ward was very much interested in questions of local and national importance, and was associated with the leaders of the Democratic party of the State. He identified him- self with the Democratic party during the days of Andrew Jackson, for whom he cast his first vote for President of the United States, and ever remained an unswerving supporter of that party's principles. He was for seven years post- master at Hornellsville by appointment of President Pierce, and although always assisting others, and a strong advocate of what he conceived to be right, he never seemed solicitous of any political emolument for himself Characteristic of Dr. Ward were his attachment to friends and support of conceded principles, his unqualified disap- proval of dishonesty, his strong opposition to those who differed with him in action or theory, his integrity in all bis business relations, and especially for his social and genial qualities at home. He died Aug. 3, 1872, having spent a life of most active labor and untiring efibrt. His children were throe sons and two daughters, of whom only one daughter, Sarah A. (Mrs. Ebenezer Ellis\ of Hornellsville, survives. ^./z^ KuFUS TuTTLE Was born at Woodbur}', Conn., April 2, 1806. He was a lineal descendant of Nathaniel Tattle, who (according to Cothran's History of Woodbury, Conn.) settled in that town in 1G80, and died August, 1721. The emigrant was William Tattle, who came from England, landed at Boston, 1C35, and moved to New Haven, Conn., 1639. He was the eldest of two sons and three daughters of Thaddeus and Susannah (Booth) Tuttle, both natives of the same place as himself. His father was a farmer by occupation, and died in the year 1815. The mother and children, left without much means of support, met their lot with a will that succeeds, "the boys" doing all they could for the support of the family. The children, by necessity, had no opportunity for education from books, yet through the kindness of their minister, an Episco- palian clergyman, learned the rudiments of an English edu- cation. At the age of twenty ho started into basine.ss for himself without capital, except willing hands to do whatever would turn an honest penny. On borrowed capital he started as a peddler, which he continued for a few years, when upon going into the State of Pennsylvania the lumbering business opened to his view, and he began rafting lumber down the Delaware to Philadelphia and other markets. After about eight years in this business, by a very heavy freshet he unfortunately lost his entire stock of lumber, valued at several thousand dollars, and was again financially where he began years before, except he had gained much experience. With undaunted perseverance, and fixed resolve to succeed (not uncommon with young men of his day), he then started as a drj'-goods peddler along the southern tier counties of New York, where, by strict attention to business, he accumulated sufficient means, so that at the end of two years he was enabled to start business for himself, which he did in 1837 as a drj'- goods merchant at Almond, Allegany Co., N. Y. There he remained for three years, when, on account of the death of his brother in Harford, Pa., he disposed of his business in Almond, and took charge of and settled the quite extensive mercantile business of his deceased brother. In October, 1842, he came to Hornellsville, where he purchased some real estate, and for several years gave his attention to its improvement, and erected several substantial residences thereon. In this business, and as a private broker, he was engaged until his death, Oct. 28, 1874. Mr. Tuttle was a man of correct habits, plain and un- assuming, temperate, industrious, and possessed of strict in- tegrity in all his business relations. In his earlier life he was a member of the Democratic party, but soon after the fornui- tion of the Republican party became a supporter of its princi- ples, and was strongly attached to the Union cause during the war of the Rebellion. He was married Dec. 1, 1831, to Ann Lester, of Mount Pleasant, Wayne Co., Pa. His wife only survived her mar- riage one year, leaving a son, Rufus W., who died at the age of twenty-eight, at Shoals, Martin Co., Ind., where he had been engaged in civil engineering on the line of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. For his second wife he married, Jan. 23, 1837, Millinda, daughter of Col. Harry Mumford, of Mount Pleasant, Pa She was born March 18, 1815. Their children are Russell M. and Carrie, who both reside at Hornellsville. The son, Uussell M. Tuttle, received a collegiate education, graduating from the University of Rochester in 18C2. A few weeks subsequently (Aug. 13), he enlisted in the 107th Regiment New York Vol- unteers. He was appointed 1st sergeant, and promoted (Janu- ary, 1863) to 2d lieutenant, and (July, 1864) to 1st lieutenant. He was brevetted captain United States Volunteers March 13, 1865. He served as Assistant Adjutant-General on staff of Gen. T. H. Ruger, and as Topographical Engineer on staff of Gen. W. T. Ward, in 20th Army Corps. Mr. Tuttle com- menced the publication of the Canisteo Valley Times at Hor- nellsville, N. v., in 1867, of which he is still one of the editors and publishers. ^ ..i /! / -^L<1^^U:>^ TOWN OF HORNELLSVILLE. 329 managers consisted of the following-named persons : I. W. Near, S. M. Thacher, N. P. T. Finch, Miles W. Hawley, J. W. Shelley, Stephen F. Gilbert, E. J. Johnson ; Charles Adsit, President ; John M. Finch, Vice-Fi-esideat ; N. M. Crane, Treasurer. By a special act passed in 1869 all the moneys received from licenses and fines for the violation of the excise laws were devoted to the purchase of books for the library. These amounted at first to a sum of from $1000 to $1500 a year. The income from this source, however, was by a subsequent amendment limited to a sum not to exceed $500 per annum, and this has since been applied to the purchase of books. The following are the officers of the association for 1878 : Cass Richardson, President; J. E. B. Santee, Vice-Presi- dent ; L. T. Charles, Secretary; C. H. Young, Treasurer. Managers. — II. M. Tuttlo, Chairman ; Cass Richard- son, C. G. Hubbard, F. M. Sheldon, F. M. Kreidler, F. F. Finch, H. E. Buvinger, F. M. Cronkrite, W. H. Johnson. BANK.S. FIRST N.4^TI0NAL BANK OF HORNELLSVILLE. The association of this bank was organized in November, 1863, by Martin Adsit, of Hornellsville, Ira Davenport, Constant Cook, Ira Davenport, Jr., and Henry H. Cook, of Bath, N. Y., who were the first board of directors, and held all of the stock. The bank commenced business May 1, 1864, in a small wooden building on the corner of Main and Canisteo Streets, with a paid-up capital of $50,000, and with liberty to increase it to $200,000. The first officers were Ira Davenport, President. Martin Adsit, Cashier. First Board of Directors. — Ira Davenport, Constant Cook, Martin Adsit, Henry H. Cook, and Ira Davenport, Jr. On the 26th of June, 1865, Ira Davenport resigned the presidency, and Martin Ad.sit was appointed in his place, and Charles Adsit was appointed cashier. On the death of Ira Davenport, in 1869, John Davenport became a stockholder and director, and the same relation was assumed by Charles Adsit on the death of Constant Cook. In May, 1875, the capital stock was increased to $100,000, and all paid in. In 1870 the bank erected a new and substantial brick banking-house, No. 117 Main Street, and removed to the elegant quarters which they now occupy Jan. 1, 1871. The banking-room is well and conveniently arranged, with first-class vault, time-lock, etc. The present officers are as follows : Martin Adsit, President. Charles Adsit, Cashier. Martin Adsit. John Davenport. directors. Charles Adsit. Ira Davenport, Jr. Henry H. Cook. Martin Adsit, the president of this bank, was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., in December, 1812, and removed to Hornellsville at the age of fourteen, in December, 1826. 42 The village at that time consisted of twenty-five houses and a grist- and saw-mill. Mr. Adsit entered the store of his uncle, the late Colonel Ira Davenport, of Bath, then the only merchant in Hornellsville, as clerk, and remained in that situation until he commenced mercantile business for himself in Hornellsville, in the year 1833. He has ever since continued in the business, in addition to his banking interest. The mercantile firm is at present Martin Adsit & Son, the latter being John 0. Adsit. bank of hornellsville. Capital, $50,000. President. — F. G. Babcock. Vice-President. — W. G. Rose. Cashier. — -W. H. Johnson. Assistant Cashier. — F. H. Furman. directors. F. G. Babcock, W. G. Rose, Chas. S. Clark, D. D. Babcock, W. H. Johnson, A. Hubbard, D. K. Belknap. N. M. crane & CO.'S BANK. President. — N. M. Crane. Cashier. — S. H. Crane. Teller.— Charha Crandall. BANDS. Hornellsville has two excellent brass bands, — the P. G. Babcock Hook-and-Ladder, No. 4, William Snow, leader, and the Ilornell Union Cornet Band, Prof R B. Perkins, leader. CHURCHES. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF HORNELLSVILLE, consisting of 28 original members, was organized on the 10th of July, 1832. Chauncey B. Smith and Mowry Thacher were ordained elders, and have continued to officiate in that capacity till the present time. Of the original members these two elders, Mrs. Harriet Bostwick and Mrs. Hannah Thacher, are the only ones who survive. The first church edifice was erected in 1834, and was a building 39 by 49 feet in dimensions. In 1862 it was enlarged, the side galleries being removed and the audi- ence-room extended 20 feet ; at the same time its lecture- room and parlors were built. In 1871 its central tower was removed, a new front erected, and an organ pur- chased. In 1875 a third enlargement was made whereby 45 additional seats were secured, so that the church is now capable of seating 650 persons comfortably. The present membership is 329. A union Sunday-school was organized by George Hor- nell, Jr., in 1820, and was maintained during the summer months only until Elder C. B. Smith became superintend- ent, in 1829, after which it continued both summer and winter. On the erection of churches of different denom- inations, the school was divided. Elder Smith continuing to have charge of the Presbyterian division till 1841. He has since that time remained in the school as teacher. The present Sunday-school has an enrolled membership of more than 500 officers, teachers, and scholars. Clergymen. — The following have served the church for 330 HISTOllY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. the years set opposite their names: George P. King, 1832- 33; Moses Hunter, 1834-35; Benjamin Russel, 1837-38; J. W. Hopkins (first pastor), 1839-41; C. B. Smyth, 1841-42; E. S. Pecii, 1842-43; F. M. Hodgman, 1843- 45 ; Foster Lilly, 1845-48; H. Pattengill (second pastor), 1849-57 ; F. W. Graves, 1857-58; Ira O. Belong, 1859- 60; Milton Waldo, 1861-71; W. A. Niles (third pastor), 1872, and still continues. Elders. — C. B. Smith, Mowry Thacher, N. C. Lockwood, Nathan Piatt, T. Scott Thacher. The annual meeting of the Young People's Christian Association occure on the evening of the first Sunday of September. The Free Reading-Room, in the Babcock Building, is open daily, except Sundays, from eight o'clock A.M. to ten o'clock p.m. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP HORNELLSVILLE was organized in 1830. Their meetings were at first held in private residences, and then in the school-house till their church edifice was erected. The ministers who have served this church are as follows : Rev. Asa Story, 1830 ; W. D. Gage, 1835 ; Robert Par- ker, Nelson Hoag, 1837 ; Ira Bronson, Nelson Hoag, 1838 ; Samuel Church, 1839; D. B. Lawton, 1840; V. Brow- nell, 1841 ; Philo Tower, 1842 ; W. E. Prindar, 1843 ; Sheldon Doolittle, 1844-45 ; W. E. Prindar, 1846 ; John Knapp, John Spink, 1847-48 ; Carlos Gould, 1849 ; S. B. Roouey, 1850; James W. Wilson, 1851; A. S. Baker, 1852 ; James Asthworth, 1853 ; N. A. De Puy, 1854-55 ; H. N. Seaver, 1856; W. C. Huntington, 1857-58; J. R. Jacques, 1859-60 ; J. Walters, J. B. Knott, 1861 ; E. P. Huntington, 1862-63; Chas. M. Gardner, 1863-66; C. P. Hart, 1867 ; Thomas Stacy, 1868-70 ; W. C. Mattison, 1870-71 ; E. Wildman, 1872; C. C. Wilburn, 1872-73; K. P Jervis, 1874-76 ; L. A. Stevens, 1877. The Y. P. C. A. meets on the first Thursday evening in each month. Christ's eplscopal church of hornellsville was organized into a regular parish on the 6th of March, 1854. Rev. James Robinson was the first rector. The war- dens and vestrymen were as follows : Aaron Morris, Charles L. Prindle, wardens ; Martin Adsit, William H. Chandler, Peter C. Ward, Charles Strawn, George Hackett, T. J. Mc- Gee, Thomas Snell, N. M. Crane, vestrymen. Rev. Mr. Robinson resigned, and on the 1st of January, 1859, Rev. Floyd Windsor became the rector. Services were held in Washington Hall till the winter or early spring of 1860, when the building was destroyed by fire. The corner-stone of the church edifice was laid in May, 1860, and was opened for public service on Christmas-day of that year. Services have been held in it ever since by Mr. Windsor, who has been rector for twenty years. At the laying of the corner-stone the rector was assisted in the ceremonies by Rev. Lewis Thebon and Rev. Robert Har- wood, of Angelica, and Rev. Horatio Pattingill, D.D., then pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Hornellsville. Hon. William M. Hawley also delivered an address. The mem- bership has increased from 38 to 170, who are now in com- munion with the church. The Sunday-school, which for many years was under the superintendency of James W. Burnham, numbers 140 scholars, 16 teachers, 2 librarians. Dow L. Sharp, Stipermte.ndent. L. T. Charles, Secretary. M'ardens. — John Badger, Martin Adsit. Vestrymen. — J. W. Burnham, Harlow Hakes, F. M. Sheldon, James Burns, Charles Strawn, E. T. Young, E. H. Badger. J. S. Jamison, Clerk. The Ladies' Parish Aid Society holds weekly meetings in the rectory. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF HORNELLSVILLE was organized on the 17th of October, 1852. The mem- bership at that time consisted of 15 persons, — 8 gentlemen and 7 ladies. Rev. Thomas S. Sheardown was pastor. During his pastorate of one year thirty were added by letter, baptism, etc. Their place of meeting was in Union hall, the third story of a brick block, opposite the Presby- terian church. Nov. 12, 1854, William Luke was called, and was ordained in December following. He closed his labors April 29, 1855, and the church was without a pas- tor till Jan. 7, 1856, when Rev. Henry A. Rose was called and remained till March 22, 1859. During his pas- torate the first meeting-house was built, — a substantial brick structure. From Aug. 2, 1859, to July 1, 1861, Rev. John B. Pittman was pastor. His successors were Rev. Jacob Gray, 1861-63 ; Rev. A. G. Bowles, 1863 ; Rev. Isaac C. Seeley, 1864-67 ; Rev. Joel Hendrick, 1867-72. On the 1st of November, 1872, Rev. D. Van Alstin, D.D., suc- ceeded Mr. Hendrick, and is the present pastor. The early membership of this church was made up almost wholly of new-comers to the place, — persons who had not made their fortunes, but were in search of them. They were thoroughly, united, willing to work, and they accomplished much. The money for the purcha.se of the lot was furnished on liberal terms by members of the Bap- tist Church of Elmira. The largest number added to the church by baptism during any one pastorate was when Mr. Hendrick was pastor, — 73 being baptized and 140 added by letter, experience, and baptism. The following who were pastors are now dead : T. S. Sheardown, William Luke, A. G. Bowles, I. C. Seeley. During the year 1873 the church edifice was rebuilt and enlarged at an expense of about $8000. It is now a com- modious and substantial house of worship. The church has enjoyed repeated revivals of religion, and the present membership is 234. Present oflScers : Rev. D. Van Alstine, D.D., Pastor. Deacons. — J. S. Haskins, A. Brown, D. B. Merriman George Lewis. Clerk.— 0. S. Palmer. Superintendent of Sunday-School. — A. S. Van Winkle. Trustees. — C. Hartshorn, J. S. Haskins, A. Brown, J. Lanphear, 0. S. Palmer, S. H. Merriman, J. W. Nichol- son, E. M. Le Munyan. ST. Ann's (catholic) church, hornellsville. In 1843, Father Benedict Bayer came here from Roches- ter, and said mass at Thomas Doorley's, at Webb's Crossing. I Chas. N.Hart. CHARLES N. HART, ESQ., was born in Stillwater, Saratoga County, N. Y., Nov. 18, 1803. In the year 1826 he came with his wife, Eliza Allen, to whom he had been married May 1, 1824, and settled in that part of Hornellsville known as Hartsville, and purchased the farm which still remains in the hands of the family. At an early day he gave his attention to lumbering, and was the first to send lumber from this place direct to the Albany market. Soon after his settlement a new town was formed, which by petition of the citizens to the county board was named Hartsville, in honor of their much respected citizen. Mr. Hart was the first supervisor of that town, and served the commu- nity for years as postmaster and magistrate. He was one of a few of his day who succeeded in the manufacturing and purchasing of lumber. It was then so thoroughly impressed upon the minds of the people that no one could succeed in this busine.ss, that at one time when Mr. Hart had not the money to purchase a few articles that he wanted, he asked the late Ira Davenport to give him a few days' credit, when Mr. Davenport immediately replied, " No sir I No man can succeed who runs a saw-mill." In the year 1847 he removed to this village, having purchased the fine property now occupied by his sons on Main Street, and for the last few years prior to his death was engaged with his sons in the care of his farm, and in the purchase and sale of cattle for the market. His finest property was a farm of some five hundred acres, situated about two miles south of the village, which he used for raising stock and hay, often cutting from three to five hundred tons, most of which he sold here to go to an eastern or southern market. It may here be mentioned that Mr. Hart brought into the Can- isteo Valley the first mowing machine in use here. He was a man of remarkable business abilities, characterized especially for per- sistent industry, energy, and sagacity. He met with a full measure of success. He enjoyed always the fullest confidence of his neigh- bors, the broadest trust of all with whom he had business relations, the esteem of the public, and the warmest love of his more imme- diate relatives. He was a man of strong convictions, impatient of sham, despising pretension, and always sternly resisted whatever he considered a public wrong, or an individual imposition. He was a friend of temperance, a liberal supporter of religion, and kind and helpful to the deserving. Mr. Hart was not much given to office seeking, was identified originally with the old Whig party, and a member of the Republican party since its formation. He died Nov. 7, 1873. Mrs. Hart died Aug. 24, 1877. She was a native of Springfield, Otsego Co., N. Y. United with the Pres- byterian Church in 1850, of which she remained a most active and consistent member. During the war she was one of the most active who took a part in procuring and forwarding supplies to our sick and disabled soldiers, and in cases of distress was never appealed to in vain. In her last days she took a deep interest in the temper- ance movement. Their children are two sons, Reuben and Henry, business men of Hornellsville ; Mrs. Charles Hartshorn, Mrs. Martin A. Tuttle, and Mrs. Sfcott Thatcher, of Hornellsville; Mrs. Daniel Reed, of Hartsville ; and Mrs. W. H. Bloomingdale, of Albany. ■^ 0m m. George W. Terry was born in the town of Pulteney, this county, Sept. 24, 1824. His father, Remus Terry, was a native of Dutcliess Co., N. Y. ; was married to Temperance Sherwood, a native of Orange County. Her parents were natives of and resided many years on Long Island. In 1816 his father settled in the town of Pulteney, and in 1828 removed to the town of Italy, Yates Co., where the family remained for four years, and the father re- moved to the State of Indiana, where he died, in 1875, at the age of seventy-eight. His mother for many years resided with and was cared for by her son, and died at his residence in Hornellsville, May, 1876, aged seventy- six. His maternal grandfather, James Sherwood, was a soldier of the war for independence, and also of the war of 1812; having entered the war of 1776 at the age of fourteen to take the place of his father, and with his brother who was killed. Mr. Terry had a brother Remus and a sister Louisa. At the age of four years he went to live with his Grand- father Sherwood in Pulteney, where he remained until the age of fourteen, when he went into the busy world for himself, and unassisted, pecuniarily, during the re- mainder of his minority laid the foundation for a suc- cessful business career. From that age until he was twenty he followed the business of a butcher and dealer in stock. In 1844 he married Henrietta Trenchard, of the town of Wheeler, who was born August, 1823. For nine years he was a farmer in the towns of Prattsburgli and Wheeler. In lsr);j he removed to Hornellsville, where he purchased .litogether some six hundred acres of land adjoining the village, thirty acres of which now forms a part of the village of Hornellsville, lying on both the east and west side of the Canisteo River. Mr. Terry has spent the most of his life as a farmer; but during the last six years, besides his farming and real estate interests, has carried on milling and lumber business. He is ranked among the thrifty, enterprising men of Steuben County, possessed of a business ability often found among men who carve out their own fortune. He has been somewhat actively identified with the Democratic party, and for three years was one of the assessors of the town. His wife died in 1870, leaving four children, — George, in business with his father, Mrs. Albert E. Hicks, Delia, and Jessie. For his second wife he married Mrs. Luciuda Tren- chard, daughter of James I. Maxfield, of Wheeler. She was born in 1838. Their children are Henry and Cora. TOWN OF HORN ELLS VILLE. 331 On that day he baptized 14 children. Three months later he came again, and said mass in Judge Thurher's old brick building. In three months he officiated again in the old school-house, where the brick school-house now stands. In 1844, Father McAvoy came and paid a visit once in three months, and continued his labors about five years. In 1849, Rev. Michael O'Brien came, and built a little brick church, 30 by 40, on Cross Street, by the railroad. The brick work was done by Adam Hill, and the carpenter work by William Mahar. Father O'Brien remained about two years, and was followed by Rev. Father McCabe, for sis months, and he by Rev. Daniel Moor, about two years, and after him Father McGlew, about two years. The next was Father Keenan, who remained eight years and doubled the size of the church by an addition. Then came Fathers Lawton and Gregg, remaining one year, and was followed by Father Story, one year. Father Creedan built the new church, situated on the corner of Elm Street and Erie Avenue, and the convent and school-house on the opposite corner. The church is a brick building, 110 by t)0 feet, with priests' residence attached. There are 13 Sisters of St. Joseph, who are teachers in the school. They were brought here by Rev. William J. McNab, who en- larged the school-house to twice its original .size. The school prior to that had been supported by the town as part of the common-school system. When the first priest came, in 1843, his parish extended from Friendship to Corning, and from Rochester to the Pennsylvania line. Cornelius Carroll, now living in Hor- nellsville, before there was any visiting priest here, went to Rochester to get his three children baptized. He went by wagon to Danville, and down to Rochester by canal, and was over a week in performing the journey.* MASONIC. EVENING STAR LODGE, NO. 44. From partial records, and the recollection of old mem- bers, we gather the following items respecting this old lodge : The lodge was organized in Canisteo some time before 1814. The first entry in the record (which has evidently lost some of its preceding leaves) is dated Jan. 17, 1814, at which time " Evening Star Lodge met for installation, and installed by brethren of Ageteen Lodge, Joel Redfield, Wonshipful Master ; William Higgins, Past Master ; John Ayers, Past Senior Warden. Brethren present, Andrew Simpson, W. M., Timothy Perry, S. W., John Stephens, J. W., James Jones, Nathaniel Thacher, William MulhoUen. Visiting brethren, Andrew Morris, Uriah Stephens, Wil- liam Hyde, Samuel 0. Thacher, Elias Perry, Samuel Lenox, and Samuel Darby. Extra lodge called, William Stephens' petition, and deposit paid ; John R. Stephen.s' petition, and deposit paid ; William B. Jones' petition, and deposit paid ; Timothy Russell's petition, and deposit paid. William Stephens balloted for and accepted. John Stephens bal- loted for and accepted. William Stephens initiated, John R. Stephens initiated, William B. Jones initiated. The lodge closed in harmony." * Items furnished by Johq Cameroq, Hgrnellsville. At the next monthly meeting a committee was appointed " to form a code and by-laws," and were instructed " to re- port of the lodge on the next regular lodge night." The lodge appears to have been financially prosperous. In the minutes of the September meeting, 1814, "one hundred dollars and fifty cents " are reported in the treasury, and the yearly dues twelve shillings. The usual fee accom- panying application for admission seems to have been $4, but we find this minute, " Samuel Head paid $8 for first degree." Also, " George Hornell's petition and deposit received." '• Voted that Brother Barnard have $10 from the funds of this lodge for the use of Brother and family." And that "all the money paid into the lodge be kept for the use of the lodge." " Voted that a box be pre- pared, and all the money put into the same, and the treas- urer keep the key." Dec. 23, 1814, Andrew Simpson was again chosen Master; John Stephens, S. W. ; John Stephens (No. 2), J. W. ; Uriah Stephens, S. D. ; Elijah Stephens, J. D. Twenty- four members present at this election. " Voted that the next stated lodge be held at the house of W. MulhoUen." " Voted that the steward furnish the lodge with the neces- sary refreshments." The records then skip to " Feb., 1817," when the lodge is duly chartered by Dc Witt Clinton, Grand Master. Rev. Andrew Simpson is still Master; William MulhoUen Sec- retary. Dec. 18, 1817, William Stephens was elected Master. The following year Elijah Andrew was engaged " to instruct twice a week for three months for $18, and a committee was appointed " to procure a suitable room in Upper Canisteo, near Hornell's, to hold Evening Star Lodge." November, 1848. — " Resolved that Evening Star Lodge ' be removed to the house of Peter Reynolds, a few rods from Davenport's." We have it from some of the old Masons at Canisteo that Evening Star Lodge was moved to Almond before it went to Hornellsville, to make room for the chartering of another lodge, and that Morning Star Lodge, No. 421 (now Morning Star Lodge, No. 65, of Canisteo), was soon after chartered. Of the old Evening Star Lodge, Andrew Simpson was the first Master, and traversed the forest twelve miles from his home in Jasper, for about four years, to be present at every meeting of the lodge. The lodges in Hornellsville and Canisteo were the only ones in the country which maintained their charter during the Morgan excitement. The anti-Masonic spirit was par- ticularly virulent in Hornellsville at that time, and some anti-Masons threw the archives out of the window of the lodge. Col. John R. Stephens, a prominent Mason at that time, happening to be passing along the street, picked them up and preserved them. Col. Stephens, Maj. Thomas Ben- nett, and Bazy Baker met under Maj. Bennett's sign-post in Hornellsville for several years, and made their returns to the Grand Lodge, thus preserving their charter intact. After meeting at Peter Reynolds' as above stated, the lodge made several other removes, each time for the better. Once, while occupying a building where Harry Johnson's house now stands, they were burned out, losing everything but the books, which were saved with risk by the late Hon. Miles W. Hawley, who was then secretary. 332 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. This lodge at one time bore the number 259, but was changed to No. 44 upon the reorganization of Masonry in the State, about 1840. Througli all its vicis.situdes and changes it has maintained an existence, and now numbers 100 members. W. W. Howell, M. ; W. Brigden, Sec. There are in Hornellsville other Masonic lodges, as follows : DE MOLAT COMMANDERY, NO. 22. Meets every first and third Thursday in each month. A. G. Howard, Sec. ; H. D. Leach, E. C. STEUBEN CHAPTER, 101. Second and fourth Thursday in each month. A.CG. Howard, Sec. ; L. S. Boardman, M. E. H. P. HORNELLSVILLE LODGE, 331. First and third Tuesdays in each month. A. G. Howard, Sec. ; G. W. Griswold, M. ETENING STAR LODGE, 44. Second and fourth Tuesday in each month. W. Brigden, Sec. ; W. W. Howell, M. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD-FELLOWS. OASIS LODGE, 251. Meets every Monday evening at Odd-Fellows' Hall, corner Main and Church Streets. MANUFACTURES. Hornellsville Tannery, William O'Connor, proprie- tor. — The large steam tannery of Mr. O'Conner was estab- lished in 1864. It is exclusively employed in the manu- fiicture of rough leather, of which 50,000 sides a year are tanned, giving employment to about 20 hands. The orig- inal part of the building was the old tannery built by Andy L. Smith, which has been enlarged, thoroughly repaired, and adapted to the extensive business carried on by the present proprietor. Mr. O'Conner, from early boyhood, resided in Hartsville. He learned his trade in Le Roy, Genesee Co., and since his residence in Hornellsville has been closely identified with the business interests of the place. The Furniture-Manufactory of Messrs. Deutsch, Tschachtli & Co. constitutes one of the leading manufac- turing interests of the village. In 1871 this firm pur- chased the building at the foot of Main Street, erected for a sash- and blind-factory by Mr. James Barclay, and con- verted it into a large steam cabinet- and furniture-factory, putting in a new 80 horse-power engine in 1873. They liave two stores and a varnishing-room near the factory, but their principal warehouse is in the Canisteo Block, half of which is owned by the firm. They make all varieties of plain and the best upholstered furniture, their upholster- ing being all done at home in their own shops. They do a large business, and give employment to about 50 workmen. The Boot- and Shoe-Manufactory of William Rich- ardson & Co. was established Jan. 1, 1872, the fine brick building occupied by the firm having been erected by them in the fall of 1871. This building is four stories besides basement, and constructed with special reference to con- venience for the large manufacture of boots and shoes carried on by the firm. Mr. Richardson belongs to a family noted for their enter- prise in this business, his brother having one of the largest shoe-factories in the State, at Elmira. Previous to locating their business in this village, the Messrs. Richardson had been engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes at Al- mond, Allegany Co., where their father had established the business in 1845. The members of this enterprising firm are William and Cass Richardson (half-brothersj. They have another factory at Andover, Allegany Co., and a tan- nery connected with it. The business of their factory in this village amounts to 150 cases of boots and 15 to 20 cases of shoes per week, and they employ 150 hands. McCoNNELL & Co., Planing-Mills, Dealers in Lumber, and Manufacturers of Doors, Sash, Blinds, Mouldings, Pickets, etc. — This is a steam-power establishment, employ- ing some 50 to 60 hands, and doing a large and successful business. It was first established by Morris Smith about 1855. In the spring of 1867, Asa McConnell purchased the premises, which have since been enlarged more than four times their original capacity, and improved by the ad- dition of all kinds of modern machinery adapted to the business carried on. They dress and manufacture into their various products about 4,000,000 feet of lumber per annum. The interest of Mr. Asa McConnell was purchased by his son, Floyd T. McConnell, in 1877, who has now associated with him his brothers, Benton and Philo F. McConnell, under the firm-name of McConnell & Co. Mr. Asa McConnell is one of the oldest settlers now liv- ing in Steuben County. George W. Terry's Flouring-Mill was built in 185G by George and James Alley and William Bennett. In 1872, Mr. Terry bought the property. This mill has a capacity of 200 barrels per day, merchant and custom flour. Rawson & Thacher are the proprietors of a large Foun- dry and Machine-Shops. HOM(EOPATHY IN HORNELLSVILLE. Homoeopathy met with strong opposition in the western part of the county during the early years of its history, and consequently its earlier advocates met with indifferent success. The first employment of homoeopathic remedies in the treatment of the sick in Hornellsville was by Mrs. 0. Sheldon, who came from Madison County in the year 1851, where she had been in active practice for some time, and to her belongs the honor of the introduction of homoe- opathy in this vicinity. By her clear perception of disease and successful admin- istration of remedies she secured a large circle of patrons and friends, doing much to overcome the prejudice existing against the system, and paving the way for its future suc- cess. For more than twenty years, and until homoeopathy was well established, she held a good practice, and retired only by reason of declining years. The next pioneer was Dr. Gray, who settled here about the year 1852, but remained only a short time. He was r^*^, "^ ' ' el/ }^ci^2i7t 'tenfLy CHAELES HARTSHORN was born in Lebanon, Madison Co., N. Y., Dec. 6, 1815. His father, Jacob Hartaborn, was a native of Litchfield, Conn., bom Oct. 27, 1777, and removed to Madison County while a young man, about 1803, in which year, August 28, he married Jeru- sha Ransom, a native of Colchester, Conn., who was born July 15, 1779. He resided on the farm, where he was one of the pioneer settlers of the town, until his death in 1850. His main occu- pation was farming, although, through his interest in the great political questions of his time, he was promiaentiy identified in politics, and gained cousiderable distinction as an advocate in justices' courts under the name of " Pettifogger." His children were Philander (deceased), Mary (Mrs. David Madale, deceased), Jane (Mrs. Orson Shelden, of Hornellsville), Dr. John R. (deceased), Charles, Minerva (Mrs. Bigelow Packer, deceased), Adelia (Mrs. Luke G. Maxson, Hornells- ville), and Ira D. (of Friendship, Allegany Co., N. Y.). The mother of these children died in 1855. Mr. Charles Hartshorn spent his minority on the farm of his father, and received the advantages only of the common schools of his day for obtaining education from books, but his subse- quent history has ftdly developed his early business ability and sagacity. His time from thirteen to fifteen years he spent with his eldest brother, who was then a merchant at Hornellsville, and at the age of twenty-three he came to the then small village of about seventy houses and three hundred and fifty inhabitants to take up his residence, and purchased a one-third interest in his brother's farm of two hundred and forty-four acres (including a portion of the present site of Hornellsville), a grist-mill, and saw-mill. Aft«r two years he became the sole owaer of the property, which he managed until 1850, the date of the com- pletion of the Brie Railway, when the growth of the village required that he should lay out a large part of his farm into village lots, which he did, and has since been largely interested in real estate transactions and building, both within the village" and in the adjoining country. In the year 1845, March 2, Mr. Hartshorn married -Cordelia, eldest daughter of Charles N. and Eliza (Allen) Hart, of Harts- ville, this county, but formerly of Saratoga County. Her father became a resident of this county in 1826. Mrs. Hartshorn was bom in 1825. They have an only son, Charles Hart Hartshorn. Mr. Hartshorn has led a strictly business life, although somewhat active formerly as a Whig, but now as a Republican, he has ever been interested in the matters of vital importance to the country. He has never been solicitous of public preferment, and has only been connected publicly as an excise commissioner under the old law, and for two terms trastee of the village. About 1852 was the first organization of the Baptist Church and Society. Mr. Hartshom, as a member of the latter, in 1856 was chairman of the building committee in the erection of the fine brick stracture of that denominatioo in the village, and foremost in support for its construction, and has since not only contributed liberally for that, but all enterprises of a kindred nature in the village. TOWN OF HORNELLSVILLE. 333 followed by Dr. Noble, duiin;;; the 3'ear 1856, who remained about two years, doiiij; more, but it seems an unsatisfactory business, for he left for more promising fields. Dr. Morj^an came here in 18(30, and secured quite a pat- ronage, which he held for several years, riding from Hor- Dellsville into the adjoining towns. His wife was an ear- nest advocate of the advantages of homoeopathy, and be- came .something of an adept in administering to the sick in the absence of her husband. J. E. Seeley, M.D., located in Hornellsville in 1866. Having graduated at Philadelphia and .spent a year or more in the service of the United States navy, he was well posted in his profession, and although young in practice, he did much to satisfy the public that homceopathy was more than a myth ; that it was in fiict founded in nature, scientific in character, successful in apjilication, and entitled to the candid consideration of an enlightened public. Dr. Seeley made many warm friends during the four years of his practice here. In 1871 he removed to Scottsville, N. Y. ^a^^ ^ (^^sS^ Dr. H. C. Orcutt succeeded Dr. Seeley. He came from Vermont, where he had been practicing honiocnpathy for the previous eighteen years. He was born in Moretown, Vermont, April 16, 1822, his father removing to Mont- pelier soon after, where he spent his boyhood days. He studied with Asa George, M.D., of East Calais, and grad- uated in medicine in October, 1845, at Dartmouth College, an allopathic institution. In June, 1846, he married Helen M. George, daughter of his former preceptor. On graduating he immediately began the practice of medicine in Troy, N. Y., following the system which he had been taught for the six succeeding years, during which time his observations of the success of a homoeopathic com- petitor led him to believe that there was real merit in the new system of medicine, and a more thorough investigation convinced him of its decided superiority, when he aban- doned the old system and, removing to Orleans County, in 1852, began the practice of homoeopathy, which he followed successfully up to the time of his removal to Hornellsville, in 1878. The marriage of his only daughter to Dr. Z. G. Bullock, of Allegany, N. Y., induced him to make this change, — that the family might not be so widely separated. During the nine years of his residence in Hornellsville Dr. Orcutt has had a full practice. In 1873 ho a.ssociated with him Dr. C. \V. Brown, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Chicago. This partner.ship existed about a year, when Dr. Brown withdrew, continuing practice a year or more, when he re- moved to Hammondsport, N. Y., and subsequently to Dansville. Dr. Orcutt continued alone in practice until the spring of 1878, when he became associated with Dr. W. E. Hath- away, which partnership still continues. Dr. Hathaway is a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia. He came to HornelLsville the latter part of 1877, from Elkland, Pa., where he had been in active practice several years. Dr. J. L. Gage, formerly of Scottsville, N. Y., came to Hornellsville some time during the year 1877, remained about a year, and removed to Baltimore, Md. He was succeeded by Dr. McPlierson, a recent graduate of the Homoeopathic College of Philadelphia. During the whole period covered by the foregoing history there has been no honucopathic physician, other than those mentioned, located within a radius of twenty miles. Ho- moeopathy rapidly gained favor during the past few years, has now its proportionate share of adherents, and its future prosperity is certain. MILITARY RECORD OF HORNELLSVILLE. Arnold, Stephen, 23d Regt. Armstrong, James, 141st Uegt.; taken pris. at Lookont Valley in Oct. 1863; exchanged ; distliarged. Armstrong, Jonathan, Itllst Regt. ; discharged. Arwin, Charles M-, record not known. Arghsinger, Moses, IGlst Uegt. ; discharged. Aiken, Edwin, 179th Ke^it.; discharged. Aiken, Alex. O. M., ITDlhltogt.; died in Feh. 1SC6. Arnold, Gnstavus, l.'itli Tav. ; discharged. Aelson, Wm. H., Adams, James D., Adams, Ed. L. ; discharged. Balton, Will. II., lIlTtli Regt. ; wonnded at Dalton. Baljcock, Enoch H., luVth Regt.; pro. to Corp. ; discharged, liatharick, Cluarles, l()7tli licgl.; iliscliarged. Barton, John, entered Hist Regt. as let lient,, Sept. 10, 1862; resigned Miiy, 18C3; re-entered as capt'. in IT'.'th Regt. in April, 1864; pro. to niiy. ; killed at mine explosion before retersburg. Bowen, Joseph H., 141st Regt. ; discharged. Bishop, George, 141st Regt.; died in 1864. Bnrt'is, Tommy, 141st Regt. ; pro. to orderly sergt.; discharged. Brown, J. W., Hist Regt. ; disch. Nov. 1S62. Brown, Chauncey, 23d Regt. ; disch. for disability. Bennett, Jolin, 179th Regt.; discharged. Bennett, Ira K., SGth Regt. ; pro. to. Corp. ; discharged. Bowen, David, 14l8t Regt. ; disciiarged. Bush, Alfred W., 14Ist Regt. ; disciiarged. Bradford, David D., — Vol. Cav. ; disciiarged. Biicklin, George, — Vol. Cav.; discharged. Barber, Perry S., 2d Cav.; discharged. Bates, Geo. T., 8Cth Regt. ; discharged. Brown, James, 16th Heavy Art. ; discharged. Benedict, Franklin, 86th Regt. ; discharged. Babcoek, George B., sergt., 23d Regiment. Baker, Arthur S., pro. to 1st lient., 86tli Regt.; assist, acting provost-marshal general. Baker, Junior C, 5th Heavy Art.; discharged. 334 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Burr, Phineaa, 50th Engineers; diacliarged. Bingham, Poi ter, 16th Heavy Art.; discharged. Brownell, David S., 107th Rpgt.; discharged. Babcuck, David A., 6th Cav.; discharged. Beei-8, llermon S., 6th Cav.; discharged. Brooks, Thoma.s S., 6th Cav. ; discharged. Benjamin, Addison P., 107th Regt. ; discharged. Patrick, John B., pro. to qni.-aergt; discharged. Brown, Thoa. J., 179tti Regt. ; discharged. Bodee, George W., 179lh Regt. ; discharged. Brannan, Patrick, 17Uth Regt.; discharged. Brown, Julin, 179th Regt. ; discharged. Bemus, Fianklin, 9th Cav.; discharged. Brown, Will., 4th Cav.; discharged. Baker, Solomon, 189th Regt.; discharged. Baker, Morgan, 189th Regt.; discharged. Bickford, George W., 50th Regt.; discharged. Baker, Olin, 15th Cav.; discharged. Burns, David, 15th Engineers ; discharged. Bnice, Philip II., 5Utli Engineers; discharged. Boston, John, 10th Cav,; discharged. Bradley, Wni. ; discharged. Brown, Marcus E., lat lieut., IGlst Regt.; discharged. Brooks, Wm. R., 161st Regt. ; died at Port Hudson, Baker, Wra. H., '^M Regiment. Bunn, John, 179th Regiment. Bellis, John H., 2:id Regt. ; wounded at Antietam, Brigdon, John T., 23d Regt. ; served two years. Burnett, James H.,2;id Regt.; detached, June 25, 1862, in the 10-lth Pa. Battery. Bennett, Olin L., 23d Regt. ; killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Brenner, Dennis, 23d Regt. ; wounded at Antietam. Bowman, Jesse J., 23d Regiment. Colony, Edwin, 23d Regt.; disch. Jan. 26, 1862. CliUbbuck, John, 2"tii Regt.; discharged. Clark, W. H., 23d Regt. ; wounded at Antietam ; discharged. Clark, Benah C, 23d Regt. ; disch. Jan. 16, 1863. Grossman, A Ion zo M,, 23d Regt,; taken prisoner at Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862; discharged, Chilson, Stephen, 23d Regt, ; discharged. Cranmer, Alfred S., 23d Regt.; wounded at Antietam; disch. Jan. 16, 1863. Collins, Brower H., coi-p., 10th Cav.; taken prisoner at Bull Run ; discharged. Crane, Kiram M., lieut.-col , 23d Regt.; discharged. Chidsey, Lucien B., q.-m. sergt., 307th Regt.; disch. for disability, Nov. 1862. Coe, Ephraim, U)7ih Regt.; discharged. Cone, George S., I07th Regt,; died at Hope Landing, Feb. 1863, Collins, W'ni. L , 179th Regt. ; resigned on account ol" ill health in Nov. 1862. Case, Heram, 14lst Regt.; discharged. Crane, Frank D., 141st Regt. ; disch. for disability, March, 1863. Corbit, Juhu, 14lst Regt. ; died at Shellmound, Tenn. Clark, Stephen, 141st Regt.; discharged. Colieru, George T., 14lst Regt.; discharged. Cilley, D. Henry, Ist III. Cav.; discharged. Cole, Sidney, 1st Dragoons ; discliarged. Cornish, David, 16th H. Art. ; discharged. Cowles, Heniy W., 50Lh Eng. ; discharged. Cummings, Geo. W., 86th Regt.; discharged. Card, Truman P., discharged. Cone, Ira, 1st lieut., 23d Regt. Carney, John B., 6th Cav. Ciirr, Charles, 179th Regt.; pro. to lieut.; discharged. Chandler, Senior, 50th Eng.; discharged. Cattens, Julius F.. 179th Regt.; discharged. Cliapman, Martin H., 6th Cav. ; discharged. Collins, Eustus, 179th Regt.; discharged. Campbell, Ebin,25th Cav.; discharged. Corcoran, Michael, 4th Cav.; discharged. Curtis, Setli, 5i)th Eng.; discharged. Campbell, H. G., 189th Regt.; discharged. Cook, Franklin, 10th Cav.; discharged. Collins, Madison M., IGlst Regt. ; pro. to Corp., Oct, 12, 1863; discharged. Dunlap, Jolir. R., 86th Regt. ; re-enlisted. Dewitt, Benjamin C, 6th Cav. ; pro. to sergt. ; wounded at Brandy Station. Doorly, Edward, 6th Cav. Doty, Levi, 14l8t Regt. ; pro. to corp. and sergt ; discharged. Derby, Jamea A., 2:Jd Regt. N. Y. S. Vols. ; wounded at Bull Run ; taken pris- oner at Curtinsville ; exchanged. Doty, Franklin B., 23d Regt. ; pro. to capt. of Co. G, 23d Regt., May 9, 1861 ; re- enl. May, 1864, in 179th Regt.; pro. to lieut.-col. ; killed before Peters- burg, Va., April 2, 186J. Doty, Martin Van Buren, 23d Regt.; discharged; re-enl. in April, 1864, as hospital steward 179th Regt. ; was pro. to capt. in 179th Regt. Duel, Lester L., 86th Regt. ; discharged. Davis, George W., 86th Regt. ; re-enlisted. Dennis, Geo. W., l6lst Regt. ; discharged. Duffy, Michael, 10th Ciiv. ; discharged. Doon, Alfred, 85th Regt.; discharged. Daerly, Alfred, 6th Cav.; re enlisted; discharged. Di.x, Thnmas, 14th H. Art.; discharged. Duffey, John, 6th H. Art. ; discharged. Donnivon, Thomas, 15th U. S. Inf.; discharged. Drew, John, loth U. S. Inf.; discharged. Derby, Stephen C, 15th U. S. Inf.; discharged. Daily, Amos, 1st U. S. Inf.; discharged . Edwards, Alonzo, 1st Vol. Cav.; discharged, Ellsworth, David S., capt., 86th Regt.; killed at Chancellorsvillo. Ellsworth, Liraa A., lt>t Vol. Cav.; discharged. Eakin, Samuel D., 179th Regt.; discharged. Ellis, B. F., 4th Regt.; discharged. Emery, Joseph \V., 141st Regt.; discharged. Evans, J. W., 189tli Regt. ; discharged. Emory, Charles, 187th Regt.; discharged. Evarts, Orrin, 15lh V. S. Inf.; discharged. Edminister, Wm. H., 2id Regt. ; wounded at Antietam ; discharged. Elliott, Geo., 23d Regt.; discharged. Edwards, Ethan A., 2'Jd Regt.; discharged. French, John F., 23d Regt.; dischirged. Fleet, David, 23d Regt. Force, Levi, 179tli Regt.; pro. to corp.. sergt., and captain; re-enlisted; dis- charged. Flinn, John. Farr, James E., 179th Regt.; pro. to lieut. Freeman, B. S., 1st Dragoons; discharged. Finch, N. P. Tal., 1st lieut., 179th Regt.; pro. to q.-m.; discharged. Farly, James, 1st Dragoons; discharged. Faster, W. H., 23d Ri-gt.; discharged. Fanton, Joseph, 179th Regt.; pro. to hospital steward ; discharged. Foreman, Henry, 189th Regt.; discharged. Fairbanks, Gardiner, oOth Eng. ; discharged. Franklin, Martin H. ,189th Regt.; discharged. Folsuser, Isaac, 50th Eng. Fander, Mirah T,, 23d Regt.; died at Fredericksburg, Aug. 7, 1862. Fulkeraoii, Joseph, Jr., Kith H. Art. Fander, Samuel G., 23d Uegt. ; discliarged. Flint, Will L., 141st Regt. Foster, Parker, 23d Regt. Fristen, George W. Foster, Henry, disch. fur disability. May, 1863 ; re-enl. March, 1864 ; discharged, Goodrich, John M., 1st lieut. ; res. Jan. 13, 1863. Gunn, Wyron, lOTtli Regt.; discharged. Granger, John M., Ulst Regt. ; discharged. Gilbert, Stephen F,, 14Nt Regt. ; discharged. Green, Sylvestei- S., 15th Cav. ; discharged. Green, Jason, Jr., 107th Regt.; discharged. Gardner, John B., 109th Regt. ; discharged. Grover, Abe, 4tli H. Art.; re-enl.; discharged. Grow, Hiram, 85tli Regt. ; discharged. Gregory, Livingston, 179th Regt,; discharged. Gregory, Daniel, 189th Regt. ; discharged. Goodno, Hiram, 189th Regt. ; discharged. Good, John, 188th Regt. ; discharged. Gillow, Hugh, 188th Regt. ; discharged, Greeno, Volney H., 12th Cav. ; discharged. Hathoway, L. D., 161st Regt. ; pro. to lieut. and capt. ; discharged. Head, Hubbard W. R., 189th Regt.; discharged. Higgins, Russell, 189tli Regt.; discharged. Higgins, Walter B., 189th Regt.; discharged. Hill, Nathan R., ISOth Regt.; discharged. Helmer, Michael, 189th Regt.; discharged. Hizer, I., lUth Rogt. ; discharged. Hadley, Henry, 179th Regt.; discharged. Haage, John, 3d Cav, ; discharged. Hizer, Cassius M., 179th Regt,; discharged. Hogarty, Michael J., wounded at Resaca, Ga. ; discharged. * Hagadorn, James B. ; discharged. Hagadorn, Tliomas R., 179th Regt.; discharged, Hickey, George H., wounded before Petersburg, Va. ; disch.; died soon after of his wounds. Hill, Austin, 179th Regt. ; wounded at Petersburg, April 2, 1861 ; discharged. Hill, Chester, wounded at Petersburg, April 2, 1861 ; discharged. Hazleton, Eugene A., 23d R.-gt. Higgins, Walter, 23d Regt.; disch. for disability. Hallett, Elijah, 23d Regt. ; corp. ; wounded at Bull Run, Aug. 3, 1863. Hallett, Theodore, 23d Regt. Hallett, Marshal, 23d Regt. Hopkins, Enoch, Jr., 10th Cav.; discharged. Haugli, Joseph, 63d Regt.; discharged. Hazleton, Leon, 86th Regt.; killed in 1864. Hough, Augustus A., 23d Regt. ; disch. for disability. Hovey, Jerome B., 50th Eng. ; discliarged. Hutchins, Wm. H., 14th H. Art.; killed in the Wilderness. Hodge, Jacob E., Jr., 16th H. Art. ; discharged. Harrison, Charles, Ist Vol. Cav. ; discharged. Howard, Alonzo B., 23d Regt. ; pro. to 1st lieut. and q.-m. ; discharged. Hunt, Charles M., 141st Regt. ; discharged. MICHAEL CROTTY. Michael Crotty was born in Gourhas, County Clare, Ireland, in 1829. His father, Michael, senior, was a well-to-do farmer of the same place, and was there born and died, being about sixty years of age. Of his three sons and three daughters, only the subject of this narra- tive came to America. In the year 1848 he emigrated to this country, stop- ping first at Elmira for a while. He then moved to Canisteo, and from there to Alfred, finding employment with Professor Kenyon, of Alfred University, where he acquired a good common-school education. In 1853 he settled in Hornellsville, and after a few years in the em- ploy of Mr. Osborne, he became the confidential clerk of Maurice Fitzgerald, by wiiom he was intrusted im- plicitly with the financial part of his business. In 1863 he j)urchased the location on Broad Street which he oc- cupied as a place of business until his death. It was in this place that he first went into business for himself, and where by judicious management he accumulated a comfortable fortune, tlie larger jjortion of which was made by operations in real-estate. Mr. Crotty was connected with the best interests of the village during his residence here, and showed that characteristic industry and integrity worthy the emu- lation of others, and by his own exertion, from strug- gling witii poverty, became one of the best financiers of Hornellsville. He is thus spoken of by the papers of the village at the time of his death, which occurred Sept. 9, 1877 : " When a man of wealth or influence passes away it is very easy to say good words for him in public, but all who were acquainted with Mr. Crotty well know that we speak only the truth when we say the highest praise that can be given to any one — that he was an honest man. And more than that, while he probably had more inti- mate dealings with more poor jjeoplc than any other man in town, no one can truthfully say that he ever in any way took advantage of that fact to advance his own interest by distressing them in any manner. Nay, more than that. When he knew a man to Ije worthy, but unfortunate, he did not even enforce his own just dues, but tided him over his difficulties by not merely passive, but active sympathy and aid. He was a man whose word was believed to have been as good as his bond. His people trusted him implicitly. The last act of his life was to make a will, bequeathing everything he owned to his wife, unreservedly and without restrictions of any kind, remarking that, as they had begun life together poor, and had toiled together in early days to gain their possessions, everything should go to her at his death." He wa-s married July 3, 1856, to Margaret O'Brien, a native of Ireland, and who came to America at the age of seventeen, settling first at Hornellsville. Their chil- dren living are Maggie and Nellie. TOWN OF HORNELLSVILLE. 335 Hatljoway, Charles, 2nd Regl. ; died of wounds received at AntietHin. Hnrtman, Michael, Hist Regt. ; diacliarged, Hough, Charlis F,, 2;id Regt.; wounded in Wildeincfa. Harrison, William H., 141st Regt. ; discharged. Hough, Lcroy S., 23d Regt. ; re-enl. in Oct. 1864; discharged. HaiTison, John D.,Hl3t Regt.; discharged. Hollie, Henry, 6th Cav. ; discharged Howley, Lester D., 2;id Regt ; served two years ; discharged. Howley, M. W., 141st Regt.; pro. to q.m.-sergt, Oct. 1862; pro. to let lieut. Jan. 18. 1864 ; discharged. Howe, Eugene E., UiTth Regt.; discliargi-d. Hamill, Oeo. W., 107th Regt. ; discharged. Jamison, John S., asst. hosp. eurg, in the State service at Elniira, from May 4, 1861 ; surg. for the 86Hi Rpgt. from Oct. 12, 1861 ; detailed surg. of Gen. Tratl's brig , in Oct. 1862 ; d'-tailed by Maj.-Gen. Stonenian surg. of tlie •M] Div. of 3d Army Corjw, Dec. 5, 1862 ; detailed by Maj.-Gen. French to the same position July 13, 1863 ; tJetailed by Maj.-Gen. Meade t«i he one of a board of three for nied, and surg. examinations of the Artny of the Potomac, Aug. 19, 1863 ; detaileri by Maj.-Gen. Ilirney to lie surg, of the 3d Div. of the 2d Army CVups, Ai)ril 29, 18C4. Johnson, Charles L., lOTth Regt. ; died in March, 1861. Jones, Wm. D., 179th Regt. Jndd, Henry J., 179th Regt. Jt-huFSton, Samuel, 50tli Eng. Jolinsston, Ed. T., 50th Eng. Jones, Elias'J., 15tli Cav. Jones, Levi J, 179th Regt. Kellison, Samuel O., 107th Regt; disch. for disability, Dec. 1863. Kemp, William, Gth Cav.; pro. to 2d lieut ; dismissed; re-enl. in 1st Conn. Cav. ; taken pris. in Wilderness ; discharged. Kelly, John, 179th Regt. ; discharged. Kizer, Cassins M., 189th Regt.; discharged. King, Charles, Ist Cav.; discharged. Kilburg, Andrew, 189th Regt.; discharged. Kennedy, Juiiies ; discharged. Lamphere, W*m. ,107th Regt; died at Wilmington, N.C. Long, Jitmes, 141st Regt.; taken pris.; exchanged; dischaiged. Lorow, David R. P., 14l8t Regt ; discharged. Lynch, John, 188th Regt ; disch. Lippincotl, Juan. Leonard, Thomas, 8th Cav. Lockwood, Bradley. Lorow, John P. Litts, David. Leader, Jesse, 23d Kegt. Loper, Henry, Gth Cav. Love, Martin M., IGih H. Art. ; discharged. Maxon, Luke G, 23d Regt. ; disch. for disability. Marra, Morgan, Ifilst Regt. ; discharged. Miner, Henry, 16l8t Ri-gt ; discharged. Mason, Reuben J., 1st Vet. Cav.; discharged. McCay, Medad, 12th U. S. Inf ; wnunded; discharged, Morse, Will A.; discharged. Miller, George W., 2.3d Regt ; pro. tosergt, Nov. 1, 1862. Millard, George, lS7th Regt.; discharged. McOmber, Walter, 189th Regt.; discharged. Mooney, Michael, 132d Regt.; discharged. Morutz, George, 2.3d Regt; discharged. Moore, George, 9th Art.; discharged. Mayliew, Philetus J., 189tli Rogt; discharged. Madison, Charles S., 160th Regt. ; discharged. McKenmi, Thomas, 25lh Cav.; discharged. McLarso, Bingham. Monroe, Will T., fifer, 23d Regt March, James, 179tb Regt Marvin, George H., 23d Regt. ; diBcharged. Morgan, Ed., 23d Regt.; dischargnd. Mouerhart, Wm. H., 23d Regt. ; discharged. McAmbler, Charles H., 2.3d Regt; disch. for disability. McKinney, Charles H., corp., 23d Regt. ; wounded at Autietam, Sept. 16, 1862 ; died Sept. 18, 1862, from the wounds. Morgan, Reviben C; pro. to curp., Aug. 1,1861; wounded at Bull Run, Aug. 1861 ; disch. Dec. 30, 1862. Martin, Julius. Martin, Francis. Morristm, William, Maynard, James. Maynaul, William. McCarthy, Michael. Miller, Frank, 179tli Regt.; discharged. MulhoUen, William, 16th H. Art; discharged. Monroe, Millroy, 11th Cav. Mason, Thomas J., 10th Cav. ; discharged. McKenmar, James, 5Uth Eng. McFall, Henry, 86tb Regt. ; discharged. McCow, Henry, 86th Kegt.; discharged. McDonald, John, Ulst Regt; discharged. McMohan, Timothy, Ulst Regt ; discharged. Morrisaey, John, 141st Regt.; discharged. Mayuord, Alexander, lllst Regt. ; discharged. Murphy, John, Hist Regt.; di.scharged. Mason, Amos D., 141st Regt ; died in Chattanooga, in 1864. Morris, Theodore F., I07rh Regt; killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Marks, Patrick, Gth H. Art Kelson, Wm.H. O'Connor, Henry, 5th H. Art. ; discharged. Osborne, Peter, 86th Regt; died. O'Day, Daniel, 141st Regt ; died at Weaversville, Aug. 1863. Ploof, Morris H., 14l8t Regt. Popple, John Jones, 86lli Regt. ; killed at Gettysburg. Partridge, Leander, Hist Regt; died in 1864. Parker, William. Patrick, Charles, lOTth Regt. Prentiss, John, 86th Regt.; discharged; re-enl. as capt. in the 179th Regt.; res. on account of ill health. Patterson, Israel, 187th Regt Prentiss, Anson, 23d Regt. Phillips, Alfred W., Ulst Regt Pettigrew, Rubert L., 179tli Regt Pettigrew, Almond, Ulst Regt. Pettigrew, John E., 179th Regt. Perrouz, Louis, loth Cav. Plimpton, Albert M., 107th Kegt. ; disch. for diisability. Peterson, Wm., 189tli Regt.; dischaiged. Pinch, James W., lo7th Regt.; pro. to sergt. ; wounded in battle; taken pris. ; exchanged; discharged. Pinch, Win. E.,50ih Eng. Pinch, Thomas H., 179tli Regt Peacock, David, Ist Dragoons. Patrick, John B , I70th Regt.; pro. to q.-ui. sergt. Prangin, John H., 179th Regt. Ploof, Franklin P.,4ib H. Art Poole, Cyrus, 160ih Art Preston, Horatio G., 179th Kegt. Pauling, John, 23d Regt ; disch. for disability. Renslow, Freeman. 23d Regt. Robinson, Robert R., 23d Regt. ; wounded July 23, 1861 ; died at home. Ready, Philander, 2d Cav. Ryan, John W., 107th Regt ; died at Harper's Ferry, Oct. 2, la62. Richardson, Joshua. Rackfellow. John, 10th Cav. Rich, Frank, 65th Regt Ryan, John, 40th Regt. Riley, John. Rick, 132d Regt. Rinea, Henry, 89th Regt. Rulison, Josiah, 12th Cav. Reynolds, Franklin M., lS7th Regt. Reynolds, Willson, 187th Regt. Reynolds, Andrew Jackson, Ulst Regt Reynolds, Henry A., 187tli Regt. Reynolds, David E., 14l8t Regt; disch. for disability. Reynolds, William H., 187rh Regt Raymond, Charles H., 111th Regt Reimas, Constantine, 50th Eng. Rowe, Edward, 50lh Eng. Richards, Elias F., 179th Regt Raymond, Spencer G., 179th Regt. Kascoe, Andrew F., 5th H. Art Reily, John, 161st Regt. Reed, William L., 50th Eng. Ready, Philander, 2d Cav.; disch. for disability. Randall, Clark, Ist Dragoons. Raas, Will. Ulst Regt Robinson. Joseph W., 179th Regt. ; entered as asst. surg. of 82d Regt, March, 1862; pro. to surg. of 141st Regt., Aug. 1862; resigned June. 1863; taken prisoner in the seven days' battles untli Regt.; discharged. Stephens, Sayles C, 179lh Regt.; discharged. Sharp, William, 179(h Regt.; discharged. Scinburt, Fiederick, C5th Regt.; discharged. Sherman, Juiin, 160th Regt.; discharged. Show, Alexander, 50th Eng. ; discharged. Shiiltz, Jeremiah, 189th Regt. ; discli.arged. Smilh, Charles H., 189th Regt.; discharged. Spencer, Jnde, 189th Regt. ; discharged. Tultle, Ruasel M., 107th Regt. ; pro. to 1st sergt., Ang.12,1862 ; pro. to2d lieut., March 1, 1863; pro. to 1st lient., Ang. 1, 1SG4; pro. to capt, Marcli l;i, 1865 ; on staff of Bi ig.-Gen. T. H. Ruger. Taylor, David S., 23d Regt. ; disch. for disability. Taylor, Will H., drnmmer, 23d Regt. Thompson, John W., 1st Vet. Cav.; discharged. Tibbits, Will. Tunis, William J. H. Thacher, Eugene, 107th Regt.; killed at Dallas, Ga. Watts, John, chaplain, SOth Regt. Wright, Gilbert, 107th Regt.; pro. to sergt.; discharged. Willor, Frederick C, 141st Regt.; pro. to 2d lieut., Dec. 1862; pro. to Ist lieut. and to capt., in 1864. Wisner, Pollldore B., Corp., 141st Regt. ; disch. for disability. May, 1S63. Washbnrne, Theodore, 1st Dragoons; discharged. Witter, Chauncey, 16th H. Art. Witter, Silas, 16th H. Art. WMlkins, Marcus, IGth H. Art. Wonlever, Lewis D., IGth H. Art. Whitford, Sylvanus, 5th H. Art. White, William H., 85th Regt. Walker, Gilbert, 85th Regt. Winter, Gustavus, 50th Eng. Williams, George, 179th Regt. Willis, George. Wakefield, Orrin P., 23d Begt.; pro to Corp., Aug. 18G1. Welch, Patiick, 179th Regt. Wilkinson, John C. Wliceler, Governor O., 189th Regt. Wells, Ansnn, 65th Regt. Wruston, George, 15th U. S. Inf. Willson, Charles, lath Cav. Williams, Myron, IStli Cav. Wheaton, Albert, 23d Regt.; wounded at Anti'-tam. Wallace, Andrew, 86tlt Regt.; disch. for di>ialiility ; re-enl. Van Scoter, William H,, 23d Regt. Van Scoter, Hudson J., 2!d Regt. Zimmerman, M. U., 23d Regt. ; pro. to sergt.. May, 186 I. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. >- ^. WILLIAM L. SUTTON was born in the town of Reading, Steuben Co., N. Y., Nov. 6, 1828. He is a descendant of William Smith on the paternal side, who was a soldier under Oliver Cromwell, the English Protector. The Sutton family are of English descent, and some of the ancestors were settlers in the Wyoming Valley, and escaped the terrible onslaught of the Indians and Tories in that massacre. His father, John Sutton, is a native of Lodi, Seneca Co., N. Y. ; married Catherine Lybolt. By this union there were born six children, of whom only three are living, the subject of this narrative being the eldest. His father is now a resident of Hornellsville. At the age of eighteen, Mr. Sutton, desirous of breaking the monotony of home-life, went to Nantucket, where he embarked on the whaling-ship Culamhia, Capt. Joseph C. Chase, and was on the sea for four years before returning, 11 Jb^'^YctP^u^^^A^- DK. CHARLES D. ROBINSON was born in Delaware Co., N. T., March 1, 1809. When only three years of age his father died, leaving his mother with her three sons (the others' names being William and Watson) in quite limited circumstances. The mother, who was a lady of consider- able culture, supported the family for a few years by teaching, and until the boys grew to be able to care for themselves. When about twenty-one years of age, Charles began the study of medi- cine wi«h Dr. Ualsey, of that county, and about the same time his mother died. At tlie age of twenty-four he was graduated JI.D. at Fairfield, N. Y., ami began the practice of his profession in the town of Burns, Allegany Co., JJ. Y. During tlie year he re- mained in that town ho was nmrried to Minerva, daughter of John Welch, of Tompkins C'lunty. She was born in Sci|iio, Cayuga Co., in 1813. Dr. Robinson was successfully' located in practice at Angelica, Almond, and Burns, and enjoyed a large business and the confi- dence of a large circle of the citizens of these places. He was not only in the foremost rank as a skillful practitioner, but held in high esteem by his fellow-citizens; for one term, 18ril-'>2, lie repre- sented them in the State Senate. In the year \V-'A lie removed to Hornellsville, where In- practiced as a physician until within a few' years of his decease, which occurred Jfov. 10, 1873. Dr. Robin- son was a man of genial disposition and characteristic kindness of heart. His early hook-education was limited by force of circum- stances, but in his later years lie was a c-ircful student of choice literature, well read in his profession, and conversant with the great political questions of his time. His political neord was first as a snp]Mirler of Andrew Jackson, subsequently ii member of (he old Whig )>arty, and an unswerving adherent of the Republican party after its formation His children were Helen Augusta, an only daughter, who died at the age of five ; and an only son. Dr. Joseph W. Robinson, now a practicing physician at Hornellsville, and ranked among the first in this part of the State in his profes- sion. He received his preliminary education at Alfred University, Allegany Co., N. T., and at Oberlin College, Ohio. After a course of study with his father, he entered BuHalo !Medic»I College, from which he was graduated M.D. in IS'IO, aubse- (|uently taking a post-graduate course at Bellevue Medical Col- lege, jS. \ lu March, 1862, he entered the army and was commissioned Assistant Surgeon, 82d Ne'.v 'i'ork Vcduuteers (2d Nev.' York Militia), of Oormua's brigade, Sedgwick's Division of Sumner's Corps. February, 1863, Dr. Robinson was, for meritorious ser- vices at the battle of White (.'aks, promoted to Suraeon 141st New York Volunteers, and while connected with this regiment held the position of brigade and division surgeon, and received honoralile mention by the generals commanding in their reports. He continued to occupy this |iosition until April, 1864, when on account of the failing health of his father he resigned liisconiiuis- sion and came home. V^ery soon, however, he returned to the army and was commissioned as Surgeon of the IT'-'th Regiment, with commission dated May 16, 1864, which position he filled until he was mu.stered out at the close of the war, under gencr:il .-irdor, June 16, 18iir). To write a liistory of Dr. Robinson's connection witli the army would bo to sketch an outline narrative of Iho manhe.s, iiri- vations, and battles of the regiments whicii he was connected with during the entire war. TOWN OF HOWARD. 337 visiting nearly all the important maritime towns of the world and making a circuit around it. For four years after his return he engaged as a machinist in Penn Yan. In the year 1854, Nov. 17, he married Mary L. Eaton, of Yates County. In 1857, Mr. Sutton learned the art of photography, and opened a gallery in Hornellsville, where, by strict attention to business, he has become not only a first-class artist, and ranks among the highest of the profession, but has won the confidence of a large circle of the best families of the sur- rounding country. In politics he is a Republican, and is identified with the interests of that party. In local matters he has officiated as trustee of the village for two terms. HOWARD. SITUATION AND DESCRIPTION. Howard lies in the interior of the county, a little north- west of the centre. It was erected from Bath and Dans- ville, June 18, 1812. A part of Avoca was taken off in 1843, and a part of Fremont in 1854. It is bounded north by Fremout, Cohocton, and Avoca, east by Bath, south by Canisteo, and west by Hornellsville. The surface of this town is elevated and rolling, forming part of the dividing ridge between the Conhocton and Canisteo Rivers. In the northeast part of the town is Ormond's Pond, and also in the extreme northeast corner is a pond from which flows a stream which connects with creeks near Goff's Mills. The soil of this town is a clayey loam ; at Howard Flats, though high, it is of great depth. South of the flats is the grist- mill of Alonzo Graves, in a deep valley surrounded by hills, the declivity of which shows the debris and outcropping of shale and slate. The streams are all small, flowing into the Conhocton and Canisteo Rivers. 43 EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlement was made in this town by Abraham Johnson in the winter of 1806. Mr. Johnson was a young married man, and brought his wife with him to his wilder- ness home. He settled in that part of Howard known as Towlesville, on the place where Eben Towle now resides. Chas. McConnell settled on the farm for many years known as the Alkali Bennett farm, a short distance from Howard village. His family consisted at that time of him- self, wife, and one child, Asa McConnell. The latter, when his father settled in Howard, was between seven and eight years of age, and is still living. He was a resident of How- ard, and lived on a farm adjoining the one his father first set- tled upon until a few years ago, when he removed to Hornells- ville, where he still resides, enjoying good health and ripe in years. Asa McConnell represented his district in the Legislature in 1843. Aaron McConnell was a member of the Board of Supervisors in 1870 and 1871. 338 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Soon after the settlement of these families, accessions were made to their number in the early part of 1809, by the arrival of Samuel Baker, who settled where J. Rice now or recently lived ; Reuben Smith, Abram Smith, Joel Bul- lard, and Abel Bullard, who settled on the road leading from Goff's Mills to the turnpike, near the old State road. Later the same year, the earliest settlers were cheered by the arrival of Daniel N. Bennett, Jacob Bennett, Job B. Rathburn, and three brothers. Daniel N. and Jacob Ben- nett settled on the beautiful plateau on which the village of Howard now stands, and it was called for many years thereafter by the name of Bennett's Flats. Job B. Rathbun and brothers settled in the northern part of Howard, and took up the land now known as the Meeks and Parkhill ftirms; also the farm known as the Job B. Rathbun farm, at Rathbun Corners, where Job B. made his home until his death. The Job B. Rathbun farm is still owned by one of his descendants (Brown Rathbun). Job B. Rathbun was a man of indomitable will and perse- verance; uniting those qualities with industry and a faculty to save, he accumulated a large property, which at his death his children inherited, leaving them, with industry and economy, a competency during their lives. These few families did not long have to contend alone with the forest. Some time in the winter of 1810, William Allen, John Hoagland, and David Smith settled in Howard. William Allen settled on the farm just east of the pond now owned by John and Lyman Shults. David Smith settled on the west side of the pond or little lake, which afterwards was called Smith's Pond. John Hoagland settled on the farm adjoining the pond, on the premises where Abraham Hoag- land lived during a long and well-spent life. The farm is now owned by his only son, George H. Hoagland. Israel Baldwin arrived in the settlement in the month of February, 1811, and settled on a farm south of the pond. The other lands in that settlement were taken up at a later date. Probably no country was ever settled by men of more worth and sterling qualities than was this little settlement. Their doors were ever open to receive the traveler and stranger. They were ever ready to contribute to the wants of the needy, and many the one left their doors with thank- ful hearts for the bounties bestowed upon them. A little before these last settlers arrived, and about the year 1809, one Henry Kennedy settled on the creek-road leading from Howard to Kanona, about three miles easterly from How- ard village. Soon after his arrival he erected the first saw- mill in the town, which was a great relief to the then sparsely-settled community, it enabling the people to get boards and slabs to cover their little log houses, and occasion- ally a settler would build a small board .shanty. The set- tlers, before the saw-mill was built, covered their cabins with slabs of split timber, with a few exceptions William Goff moved from Otsego County some time in the fall of 1812, and settled on the creek-road leading from Bath to How- ard, and about three miles from Howard village. He probably was actuated in choosing his location on account of the fine water-privilege for milling and other purposes, for soon after his arrival and settlement he built the first grist-mill that was erected in Howard. (The building was then and has ever since been called GoflF's Mills.) It was a great epoch in the history of Howard and the surround- ing countrj', and was hailed with much delight and pleas- ure, the few inhabitants having, before that event, to travel long distances with their corn, wheat, and other bread- stuffs on their shoulders to have it ground ; for very few of the inhabitants had teams with which to go to mill, and those who had rarely took them, the roads being only paths cut through the forest. The erection of the mill was not the only benefit derived by the settlement of William Goff in the new county; his and his wife's kindness and hospitality to the settlers were proverbial, and from his mill thousands of pounds of corn-meal and flour were dis- tributed to the poor, without any expectation of a return. Not only this, but during the year (as it has always been called) of famine, which looked as though the settlement of Howard must almost fail, he left his home with what means he could command, went East and purchased wheat and corn, and on his return distributed it to the almost- starving people, with no other promise than that if the settlers the next year raised sufiieient to support their families, and had a surplus, they could pay it back. By the joint efforts of William GofF and his excellent wife, the .settlers were supplied, and the year of famine piissed. They lived to rear a large and respected family. Most of the children still survive their parents, making good citizens in the communities in which they live. Russell Burlison settled in Howard in 1813, on the farm now known as the Van Wie farm, occupied by Alonzo and Henry Van Wie, his family at that time consisting of himself, wife, and two children. One of his descendants, Hiram B. Burlison, who was born in 1816, still resides in Howard, and is one of the sterling men of that town. Accessions continued to be added to their number, and be- tween 1810 and 1820 many new settlers took up lands, and made Howard their future home, among whom were Seth Rice, Jonas Rice, Jonathan Ketchum, Isaac Bennett, Benjamin Bennett, Thomas Bennett, Hamilton Parkhill, John Stephenson, David Walker, Andrew Baker, James Stewart, George Stewart, Richard Towle, Reuben Ham- mond, Joseph C. Lane, Isaac Brasted, Oliver Parkhill, R. F. Ferris, Simeon Baker, David Rathbun, Jabez Beebe, and a few others whose names the writer has been unable to obtain. Jonas Rice took up the farm now owned and occupied by Reuben F. Ferris. Seth Rice took up the farm now owned by Jacob and Aaron Lyke. Jonathan Ketchum erected the first frame hotel that was built in Howard. After he erected his hotel he built a small tan- nery, which was operated for some time. Although Ketchum built the first frame tavern it was not the first tavern built, for before that event Isaac Bennett erected a small log tavern, on the corner of the street leading to the Baptist church, where the residence erected by Barney Alden now stands. This hotel consisted of one room below and the sleeping-rooms above. About that time another log tavern was built by Benjamin Bennett, called the " Double Log Tavern." It stood on the farm known as the Philip Ben- nett farm, on the opposite side of the street, and a little east of the house. These two log hotels were kept some time before the frame hotel of Ketchum was built. Randall and Calvin Grav&s built the first store, on the a-^^-<_ Abijah B. Case was born in Westford, Chittenden Co., Vt., Oct. 12, 1803. Owing to adverse circumstances he never attended school a day till he was sixteen years old. He then attended a district school for two winter terms, during which time an unquenchable thirst for acquiring an education was imbibed. He worked out by the month, always employing his spare moments with his book, so as to enable himself to have the advantages of an education. Thus by rapid strides he received a good academical education, and subsequently, December, 1827, graduated at the medical college at Cas- tleton, Vt. Always desirous of obtaining more light, he sought and received both theoretical and practical knowledge from the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Jefferson IMedical College at Philadelphia. This thirst for more knowledge in his profession has never deserted him, and subsequently we find him attending parts of courses of lectures at Geneva and Buffalo, or giving home demonstrations to his students. He practiced medicine in Vermont about three years, a short time at Belmont, Allegany Co., and then, in 1833, located in Steuben County, where he has ever since employed his time in study, practice, and teaching of medi- cine, and in many cases by home demonstrations. Although a resident of Howard, his practice has never been circumscribed, being frequently called to remote dis- tances, and even now, in his seventy-sixth year, is still engaged in active business, and bids fair for years of use- fulness. He was married at Shrewsbury, Vt., Sept. 14, 1828, to Miss Sophrouia Pierce, who was born Nov. 6, 1 805, and died Feb. 10, 1873. Miss Pierce was the daughter of Caleb Pierce, and cousin to ex-President Pierce. He has reared three children : George F., born July 24, 1830, who became a physician, and practiced in Howard and Pulteney till his death, which occurred Sept. 8, 1875, leaving a wife and one son. At one time George F. was regimental surgeon in the war of the Rebellion. Julia, born March 14, 1833, who is the wife of Charles Forrester, a wholesale grocer at Scranton, Pa. Dighton L. was born May 17, 1838, studied medicine with his father, graduated at the Buffalo Medical College, and is practicing in Howard. Dr. Ca.se is evidently a man of mark. Without the aid of inherited wealth or social prestige he has made his way from obscurity to a high position, socially and professionally. He is not the possessor of great riches, though he has earned more money than most of his contemporaries. He is of that confiding turn, honest to a fault himself, that in outside business he has been overreached, and, too, he has always considered it " more blessed to give than to receive." So the poor have always found in him a friend indeed. He has been a member of the State Medical Society for nearly thirty years, and is perhaps the oldest practitioner in the county. i^e^ ^^ /^' CA^- Seth H. Rice was born in Steuben County, Sept. 9, 1819. He was the son of Jonas Rice, who came from Massachusetts in the year 1811, and settled one and a half miles north of Howard village, on the farm now known as the Ferris farm. In 1825 he removed to the farm near Towlesville, where he lived until his death, and where the subject of this sketch lived fifty-two years until his death, which occurred Feb. 20, 1877. Mr. Rice was married Feb. 12, 1840, to Miss Gracia Wheeler, who was born July 18, 1818. Her parents, Jeremiah and Sarah, were among the early settlers of Bath, her father being from Vermont, and mother from Washington Co., N. Y. Their children are Lydia, wife of Wm. Willis, who resides in the town of Howard ; S. L. Rice, a farmer in Howard; Martin S., who died Nov. 5, 1869, aged eighteen years ; and Floyd H., who re- sides with his mother on the homestead. Mr. Rice was a man of much prominence, and a citizen of integrity in all matters with which he was connected. He was town assessor for six years, justice of the peace some eight years, and associate judge one year. He was a man of high moral prin- ciples, a strong advocate of temperance, and a devout Christian. During the past forty years, besides acquiring an honest living for himself and family, he has accumu- lated a fair property. His whole life has been an example of indus- try, and all who were personally acquainted with him recognized in him all that was manly, true, and noble. He was a liberal contributor to church interests, and to as great an extent as any man who ever lived in the town of Howard, and for many years was an officer of and prominent in the councils of the church of his choice. TOWN OF HOWARD. 339 plat of ground now owned by Aaron McConnell. It shows the ravages of time, and before many years it will pass awaj- as have done its founders. There was great pleasure manifested by the settlers by reason of this enterprise, for until that time all the products of the soil that could be spared found a market only in Bath, or some other distant point ; but when this store was opened they found a ready exchange, and could procure the necessaries of life almost at their own door, giving in exchange anything they had to spare. This was the only store in Howard until 1831, when Calvin Whitwood, a man of enterprise, .settled there. He at once constructed the store now owned by Abel R. Hig- gins. This store for many years was called the Whitwood Store. Whitwood continued in the business some years, when he took in a partner, James Alley. They continued in business some time, when Whitwood transferred his interest to James and George Alley ; they enlarging their trade accumulated property fast, so that after a few years, by good, discreet management, they were enabled to erect a grist-mill. They erected the mill about one and a half miles east of Howard village. The erection of the mill was a much-needed enterprise, and opened up a new source of benefit to its projectors. The Alleys did not remain in Howard but a few years to enjoy the fruits of their well- earned respect and prosperity, but sold their interest in the store to Aaron McConnell, the youngest son of Charles McConnell, who continued business at the old store for many years, accumulating a competence for life. The mill property was sold to Alonzo Graves, since which time the store has been owned by several different parties, Martin V. Strait being the present owner. William Lilly became a resident in 1837, and erected the store now owned by the Henry Baldwin estate, this making the third store in the little village of Howard. The first school that was taught in town was in a little log school-house, which stood near the present residence of Aaron McConnell. This house was used for a number of years, when it was supplanted by a frame building. About the time the school was commenced in the villaire there was also a school opened in Towlesville, these two schools being the only schools taught in the town for a number of years, although after 1820 there were schools organized, and the inhabitants of Howard have always manifested a commendable zeal in promoting the cause of education. In carrying out that desire an academy was built in 1835. The academy building stood on the oppo- site side of the highway leading past the Baptist church, and a short distance above the church. One Dupark was the principal, with a corps of good, competent teachers. The school was well attended, and supported by the inhab- itants for a number of years, but it has been abandoned as a school and the building converted into part of a hotel. There are sixteen or seventeen school districts in the town, having good schools, well attended. Of the Howard village school it may be said that few towns have a more commodious school building, and their corps of teachers will rank among the first. In the early days of Howard the religious sentiment was largely composed of the Christian denomination, and their ministers were missionaries, holding their meetings in pri- vate dwellings, barns, and the little log school-houses. Elder Buzzel was one of the first ministers who preached in this town. After a few years communicants of other denominations began to supplant the Christian persuasion, and to-day there are left only a very few believers of that order. The leading denominations of Howard are the Baptists, Presbyterians, and Methodists, — there being two Baptist churches, one in Towlesville and the other in How- ard village. There is also a Presbyterian church in the village, and a Methodist church in Towlesville, all being good, active churches. The Baptist Church in the village of Howard was organized Feb. 6, 18"i6. The number of members at the time of its organization was nine, — five male and four female communicants. The number of members added to the church since their organization has been 457. Rev. B. B. Brigham was their first pastor, who commenced his services soon after the organization, and closed his labors Nov. 28, 1829. The church held its stated meetings in the different school-houses and private dwellings until 1835, when they erected their present house of worship, which they repaired during the year of 1877, making it a convenient, permanent, and beautiful edifice in which to worship. The following are the names of the pastors who served that people from the first organization to the present time: Rev. B. B. Brigham, G. Gowdy, Rufus Peet, Chas. Ran- dall, Daniel M. Root, M. Rowley, D. Carr, E. G. Spencer, C. G. Smith. Rev. E. Mosher settled March 1, 1851, and closed his labors Aug. 29, 1858. He truly was a man of God. Elder Easterbrook, Rev. Wm. I*]ntwistle, Rev. Jas. Andrews, Rev. J. B. Randall, Rev. Wm. P. Omans, Rev. A. Tilden, Rev. M. H. Dewitt, Rev. J. French, Rev. L. J. Lusk, who commenced his pastoral services April 1, 1875, and is their present pastor. The church has been blessed under his care, and he is much honored and loved by his people. No records were kept of the first officers of the church, but Reuben F. Ferris was one of the first dea- cons of the church, and he was truly a man in every way qualified for the high and sacred trust ; living and prac- ticing that which he professed. They sustain a fine Sab- bath-school of about 75 teachers and scholars. The church is not wanting in benevolence and a missionary spirit. They have a good parsonage. The church property is worth $6000. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterian Church of Howard was organized a short time before the Bapti.st Church, and built their church edifice in 1834. The church recently repaired their edifice, making it a commodious and beautiful struc- ture. This church since its organization has made good advancement, and now numbers about 100 communicants. They have been fortunate in procuring the services of able pastors, and those who have been endued with the Spirit of Him whom they sought to honor. They have for many years sustained a good Sabbath-school, the fruits of which have been visibly manifest by the addition to their church. They have a good and comfortable parsonage. The value of the church property is about $0000. The churches of Towlesville built their edifices many years after the build- ing of the church edifice in Howard village. Both 340 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUiNTY, NEW YORK. churches maintain their identity, and are looking forward to a more successful future. Sabbath-schools are well sup- ported, and the call for charity is met with a zeal and spirit that is commendable. The Methodist and Baptist church property is worth about $3000 each. The Baptist and Methodist Churches predominate quite largely over all other denominations of the town. In quite an early day there was a colony of people of Irish and Scotch descent, but mostly Irish, who settled in the southern part of the town. Upon their arrival they took up lands near together, and constituted a community by themselves ; the vicinity in which they settled was called Dublin, and that name is continued to this day. Most of those settlers took up wild lands, but they possessed the spirit of enterprise, and but a few years had elapsed before the whole aspect of that section of the town was changed from a very wild and rough state to green fields and fine dwellings. The enterprise of that community was not excelled by any other community or settlement of the town ; they brought with them the customs and religion of their fatherland. Soon after their settlement they erected a small Episcopal church and a Presbyterian church, but the communicants of the Episcopal church were but few, and stated services in their little church did not continue long. The Presbyterian Church was of the Scotch or old-school tenets, and is continued to this day. That little colony, like all others, has felt the ravages of time, and most of the old settlers have passed away, but their descendants have 'taken up the work where their fathers laid it down, except that they have most, if not all, adopted the customs, usages, and language of the adopted country; and to-day the line of demarkation of the different nationalities is swept away, and they are one people, each vying with the other in pro- moting the best interest of the whole. Howard, until the projected railways from New York City to Dunkirk and Buffalo were completed, was con- sidered to be a place of some note, and no place for many miles around had brighter prospects; for men of enter- prise and good business abilities sought it as the coming place, and for quite a number of years it was regarded as one of the best business centres of the county, and maintained its position as such until the shrill whistle of the locomotive echoed and re-echoed through the valley and over the hills. Then came a change ; the foresight of keen business men saw that Hornellsville, then a little village of but a few dwellings, not one-fourth as large as Howard, was the coming mart for trade and traffic. The business men of Howard saw it ; then came an exodus. Among the first were Col. Benton, James Alley, George Alley, Samuel Al- ley, and others ; a few years later, Henry Goff, Asa Mc- Connell & Sons ; and many others since then have sought different points to engage in business. Yet a few remained, and others have settled in Howard and accumulated a com- petency for themselves and families. Among the most suc- cessful in mercantile business since the Alleys left Howard are Aaron McConnell, Henry Baldwin, Ira Lane, Abel N. Brown, and Abel Higgins. Those in business at present are Abel N. Brown, Abel R. Higgins. Ira Lane and Aaron McConnell have retired from business, and H. Baldwin is now deceased. PHYSICIANS. Of the medical profession, the pioneer physician of the place was Dr. Baker, who settled in Howard some time in 1817. He was soon after followed by Dr. Levi S. Good- rich, who brought Dr. Wixom with him. Dr. Abijah B. Case settled in Howard some time in 1832. Dr. Robinson and Dr. Runner came in soon after Dr. Case. Dr. Isaac Rathburn commenced the practice of medicine in 1843. Austin Baker practiced a few years and died in Howard. Of the present practicing physicians there are four, — Drs. Abijah B. Case, Isaac Rathbun, Reuben F. Parkhill, and Dighton Case. The town of Howard has always had an able corps of physicians, and ever after Dr. Case settled there many students came from far and near to study med- icine under his instructions; and of late years the offices of A. B. Case and Dr. R. F. Parkhill have been well repre- sented by medical students, and those who have studied with them have usually made their mark in the world. ORGANIZATION. The town of Howard was erected from Bath and Dans- ville, June IS, 1812, and the first town-meeting held in April, 1813, at the residence or hotel of Simeon Bacon, who then lived on the Daniel Hamilton farm. Local tra- dition asserts that Thomas Bennett was elected the first supervisor. It has been impossible to obtain a list of the other town officers elected at that time, and indeed of the town officers prior to 1823, as the town records before that date have been lost or destroyed. We find, however, at the county clerk's office, in Bath, a book of records con- taining the oaths of office of certain town officers, from which we take the following list of supervisors and collectors for the years named : Supervisors. Collectors. IS2:i Israel Baldwin. Rufus Halsey. 1824 Daniel N. Bennett. 1825 '• " Alfred Rathbun. 1826 William Goff. Artemas M. Leigh. 1827 1S2S (ireen Hern. John L. Robarda. 182!) " " " " IS.iO Divniel N. Bennett. " " 18.31 " " Philip Bennett. 18H2 H. N. Rathbun. Jason Ranger. 1833 John W. Whiting. " " 1834 " 1835 William Goff. Ebenezer Bullock. 1836 " " " " 1837 Issachar Goodrich. " " 1838 C. E. Beldin. John R. Parkhill. 1839 " 1840 James Alley. " •' 1841 *' *' Hiram B. Burleson. 1842 " " 1843 Asa iMcConnell. " " 1844 John Hamilton. A. R. Stephens. 1845, " " Ira Lane. 1846 D. N. Bennett. B. S. McConnell. 1847 " " 1848 Joseph I. Burnham. *' ** 1849 Ira Lane. Ale.'cander Jones. 1850 '■ ■' " " 1851 Ansel House. Ezekiel Rice, Jr. 1852 Alkali Bennett. Anson E. Green. 1853 " " John Preston. 1854 Ansel House. Warren W. Goff. 1855 Moses S. Bennett. " '' 1856 " '' John Martin. 1857 Alonzo Graves. " " 1858 " " Lewis Hamilton. 1859 Ansel House. " " 1860 Alkali Bennett. Alanson Horton. 1861 " " David A. Franklin. 1862 A. T. Parkhill. Webster Sharp. 1863 " '• " 1864 John F. Shaver. " " 'oo^^L^ '^.^ C^Z^yT^^^-'-t^ ^(^^^ JOEL RUSSEL. Joel Russel was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., Jan. 29, 1811, being the son of Ebenezer and Sarah (Mead) Russel. When about a year old his parents moved to Seneca County ; lived there about five years, and then moved to Tyrone, Schuyler Co. Joel being the oldest of the family, and in very moderate circumstances, it became his lot .to be deprived of many of the advantages of acquiring an education which many even in those days of poor schools enjoyed. At the age of nineteen he commenced life for himself by purchasing his time of his father for seventy-five dollars, and working on a farm by the month, and when he was twenty-four years old had not only paid his father, but had saved enough to purchase ninety acres of land in Howard, which is a part of his present farm. He has constantly been adding to his farm, and now is the owner of two hundred and eighty-eight acres of excellent land. Thus by hon- esty, integrity of purpose, and untiring perseverance he has placed himself in the possession of a competency where he is enjoying life as much or more than others reared under more favorable circumstances. Mr. Russel has been a staunch Republican since the organization of the party, and during the Rebellion ever by word and action maintained our nation's cause. He cheerfully gave his sons to his country. He has been twice married. Nov. 2, 1834, to Miss Eleanor Dow, who was born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Jan. 23, 1806, and died April 17, 1856. Dec. 6, 1856, he married his present wife. Miss Sally Ann Mather, who is the daughter of Colton and Anna Mather, of Yates Co., N. Y., and was born Oct. 17, 1824. By his first marriage he had six children, viz., Lewis P. ; Harrison ; Horace, who was a soldier in the 109th Regi- ment New York Volunteers, and died at Beltsville, Oct. 27, 1862; Abrara B.,who served in the41stRegimentNew York Volunteers, and died at Indianapolis, Ind., June 18, 1865 ; Sarah Jane ; and one child who died in infancy. By his second marriage one son has been born, J. W. cSp^^ /o^J u^idCAn^ ^^^.e^ -^^^^-f^-^^i^^^^P^ JOEL BULLARD. Joel Bullard was born in the town of Barry, Mass., July 2, 1809. He is the son of Joel, and grandson of Samuel Bullard, natives of Massachusetts, and of English origin. His father was married to Hannah Brown, Jan. 31, 1 800. Soon after he removed to Vermont and stayed a year or two, returning to the town of Barry, where he remained till he moved to Howard, Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1810, and purchased and settled on the place now owned and occupied by the subject of this sketch. When Mr. Bullard arrived in Howard it was nearly an unbroken wilderness, but he contended successfully against all the hardships of a pioneer life, wild beasts included. Of his two sons, Abel and Joel, Abel died Dec. 21, 1819. Mr. Bullard died in the midst of his usefulness, April 6, 1820, aged forty-eight years. He is remembered as being forward in the development of the country, an efficient and trustworthy man. His widow resided upon the homestead till her death, June 1, 1845, aged seventy- six. Thus we find the subject of this narrative father- less at the age of eleven, in a sparsely settled wilderness country, with very little educational facilities, commenc- ing the battle of life. If the youth of to-day would but stop and consider how much has been epdured ^nd accomplished by these old pioneers, a lesson of frugality and temperance might be learned which should avail them much. He was married May 4, 1831, to Agnes Winnie, daughter of Jacob G. and Nellie Winnie, who came here, in 1816, from Rensselaer County. She taught district school several years previous to her marriage. By this union were born five children, via. : Hannah Ann, widow of Jacob R. Decker ; Eleanor F., wife of Andrew Sharp; Joel Henry (deceasetl); Hester, who mar- ried John Henry Gray, both of whom have since died, leaving one son, Willie S. Gray, who li\fes with his grand- father ; and Judith Maria, wife of John G. White. Mr. Bullard is the oldest living male settler in the town of Howard. In politics he has always been a staunch Democrat, and is a good representative of the indomitable perseverance of the pioneers of Steuben County. Still hale and hearty, he is one of the few old living landmarks, surrounded with kind', children to smooth his pathway as his time of release from earth draws near, having led a life of .sterling integrity and uprightness of character, honored by all who know him, and at the writing of this sketch bids fair for more years of usefulness. TOWN OF HOWARD. 341 Supervisors. Collectors. 1865 Alkali Bennett. Marvin Goff. 1866 " " " " 1867 A. M. Cole. B. 0. C. Sharp. 1868 Alkali Bennett. Lewis Spaulding. 1869 Aaron McConnell. Hiram (ioff. 1S70 " " Jolin Briscoe. 1871 " " Byron Bennett. 1872 John G. Sharp. John Bri.scoe. 1873 " " Philip P. Bennett. 1874 Josiah House. '• " 1875 " " " " 1876 J. C. Hoagland. " " 1877 " •' Wm. H. MeKibbin. 1878 George Bennett. P. P. Bennett. 1879 William H. Willis. MILITARY RECORD. During the great crisis that was pending before the breaking out of the Rebellion of 1861, the citizens of Howard watched with bated breath the then pending issues. They could not believe that these sister States seriously meditated on the dissolution and destruction of the nation and cradle of liberty, but thought that when the political canvass had pa.ssed, reason and justice would prevail, and peace sit enthroned, as it had for nearly a century past. They, like all others, have seen their mistake ; and when the news, wafted, as it were, by the wings of the wind, came to their ears, the hardy sons of toil came from the farm, the workshop, and in fact from every branch of in- dustry, with alacrity, in response to the nation's call ; and Howard, unlike most of other towns, filled up her ranks with her own hardy and willing sons. Howard was called upon under the difierent calls to furnish men, and the fol- lowing are the names, as far as the writer has been able to procure them : First Lieut, l^enjamin N. Bennett, Alonzo Van Wie, Martin Ilif^gins. James Van Wie, Valencourt .\Uen, Horace Bennett, David Sharp (died), H. G. Preston, Saul A. Alden, Gilbert .\lden, Im Betmott, Byron Bennett, Henry Cumiiiings, Daniel Gray, Nelson Higgin?, Joseph Hand, David Hecox, Frank Keyser, Itoltort McBeth, Horace M. Meeks, Edgar J. Phil- lips, Denzel Phillips, John Quigley (died), Lewis P. Russell, Nathaniel Searls, John Vaiicampen, Adolplius Welch, Heniy Willis, Webster W. Wagner, Chapin C. Morgan, Edward Morgan, Henry Manhart, George Elliott, Samuel Taylor, James A. Derby, Edward Graves, Wm. Patterson, Charles Hammus, Samuel Hall, Russell Taylor, Lafayette Taylor, Benja- min WiUeon, Asa Wilson, Ilendrick Rathbun, IfiJiac Rathbun, David Hamilton, Charles Alden, John Mills, Lyman Westcott, William Edson, Durand Dunton, Eugene Dunton, Gilbert Dunton, Asa Keyser, William Graves, Warren Keyser, Deloss Goff, Sidney Mesick, Abel N. Brown, Henry Palmer, Stephen Peterson, Edwin Preston, Nathan B. Graham, Biram Goff, David Wells, David Cole, John Swain, G. Searls, Austin Con- nell, Capt. Richard Towie, Dennis Morris, Henry Sprague, Andrew Sprague, William Hammond, Euos Allen, Ansel Oxx, James Cooper, Jos. Dunn, Nelson Danes, Eugene Danes, George Shearer, Robert Shearer, Stewart, William R. \Vlilte, John 0. Hoagland, William H. Marge- son, Reuben W. Van Pelt, Cranson Ilagadorn, George Norton, R. W. Welch, Patrick Dillen, Timothy Dillen, Michael Hammers, James Baker, Alvin N. Baxter, William A. Wales, Henry Johnson, Ansel T. Wilson, Patrick W^atson, David Nipher, George R. Deloss, Herman L. Allen, David Bennett, Luther Wateis, Daniel W. Sabin, Ira Stephens, Scott Mc- Kinney, Herbert M. Horton, Alanson Horton, John Swain, Alexander Magill, Sylvester Shearer, James Dempsey, Henry Brasted, James M. Willis, Henry W. Stephens, Josiah Hiler, John Cochrane, Henry Groose- phend, John Hallett, S. S. MuUiken, William Coats. William Chose, Andrew De Graff, James Cochrane, N. B. Grames, D. W. Dart, Webster Sharp, James E. Borden, James McChesney, Eraslus Hawloy, George Searls, Leroy D. Goff, John W. \Vhite, Joseph Fox, Abraham Russell, Albert Pierce, B. Rice, William Dyke, Joseph Hyler, Dennis Morris, Luther Stewart. The number of killed and mortally wounded, and those who died in the service, the writer has been unable to ascertain, but they were quite a large number. During the Rebellion, quite a number of public meetings were called to take measures for the adoption of the best measures to fill the different quotas, and make provisions for poor fami- lies whose fathers and sons went into the service. A reso- lution was passed that a committee be appointed to look after the families of the soldiers, and see that they did not suiFer for necessaries of life. The committee consisted of John R. Parkliill, Alonzo Graves, Alkali Bennett, and Andrew Stewart. The ladies of Howard, soon after the breaking out of the Rebellion, formed a Ladies' Aid Society, for the purpose of co-operating with the the Sanitary Com- mission of the nation. Not only did they aid the great commission, but they sent box after box of necessaries to the front to their fathers, sons, and husbands, to cheer and comfort them in their work. There was a War Committer appointed by the people, consisting of Aaron McConnell, Alonzo Graves, and Albert T. Parkhill, with full powers to take such measures as they deemed proper and most ex- pedient to raise money and men in the interest of the town, and how well they discharged their trust is manifest by the result. The town of Howard, during the Rebellion, raised the following sums of money as a town, by the issuing of town bonds, and private subscriptions, as soldier bounties : Amount raised in 1861 $10.00 " 1862 1674.00 •' 1863 369.86 " " 1864 650.00 " " 1865 318.86 Total amount raised by the town §3022.72 ' In addition to what was raised by the town, there was raised upon the credit of the town, in Steuben County bonds, the sum of $42,450 : Amount raised for the year 1864 $13,800 " " 1865 28,650 Total amount raised by county bonds $42,450 The interest raised on account of the Indebtedness for the Steuben County bonds was. For the Tear 1865 $1127 " "" 1866 3505 Total interest up to 1866 $4632 There was interest paid subsequent to 1866, amounting to about $1000. During the struggle to maintain the honor and integrity of the nation, the town of Howard very early in the con- test took a loyal attitude, and maintained it through the great struggle, and she will ever be ready to make any sacrifice that may be required of her to maintain the nation's honor. JASPER. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The town of Jxsper was erected from that part of Can- istco comprised in township number two, in the fifth range of the Phelps and Gorham purchase, and a part of Troups- burgh, included in the same townsliip, Jan. 24, 1827. The name was given in honor of Sergeant Jasper, the hero of Fort Moultrie and Savannah Spring, A half a mile was annexed to Greenwood from the west side, in 1848. It has Canisteo and Cameron on the north, Rathbone on the east, Woodhull and Troupsburgh on the south, and Green- wood on the west. The surface is very hilly and broken, the highest summits being over 2000 feet above tide. The streams are small, and for the most part run through deep and narrow valleys. Col. Bill's Creek rises near the resi- dence of P. Ostrander, and runs north to the Canisteo ; the head-waters of Tuscarora Creek rise near the residence of J. S. Whiteman, and run south into Woodhull. The soil of this town is chiefly a slaty, gravelly, and clayey loam. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In the fall of 1807 a person standing upon the high- land in the northern part of Jasper, and looking to the south and east, would have been greeted with a sight which, once seen, is never to be forgotton. Far off down the val- ley, the bright green tops of the tall pines floated lazily in the light breeze, their giant trunks revealed in the lowlands nearer by, then blending in the distance like the green of growing grain, covered the entire valley, extending in groups part way up the hill-sides where the yellow of the beech and maple fringed the higher land, while dark-blue strips of hemlock extended up the narrow valleys on either side and became finally lost in the golden glow of autumn, far out over the hills. Away ofi' to the south, beyond a fringe of pines higher than the rest, rises a thin blue smoke, perhaps the camp-fire of some roving hunter. Let us descend into the valley in our course towards it. On either side of the narrow ridge the ground, covered with a soft brown carpet of pine leaves, descends into the swampy level of the higher lands where the waters from numerous hill-side springs gather to form the little brook which flows down through the valley. The woods are alive with birds and squirrels. A breaking twig startles a herd of deer, and, with a snort of alarm, they rapidly dis- appear among the tall pines, their clattering hoofs breaking the stillness of the forest with a startling sound. Follow- ing the course of the little brook the sound of the wood- man's axe breaks the stillness, and leads us over a slight hill to the south. As we reach the ascent, light shines through the open trees and reveals a short distance ahead a small clearing in which a man is busily trimming the .342 limbs from a tall pine upon whose fallen trunk he stands. A few rods beyond is the little cabin. The smoke which led us here rises in lazy wreaths from a burning log, beside which stands the large old-fashioned bake-kettle perched high upon its iron legs and its lid covered with smouldering ashes. Near by stands a pail with one long stave extend- ing upward for a handle, and over the fire swings a black- ened copper kettle. ' As we enter the opening the chopper, a large muscular man with bare arms and open collar thrown away from his breast, descends from his high perch, and, bidding us welcome with a strong German accent, leads the way to his cabin. This man is Nicholas Prutsman,* and the little blackened acre, half filled with stumps and surrounded with a rude fence of logs and poles, is the firet cleared land in the town of Jasper. Nicholas Prutsman, Sr., a native of Germany, left the Tioga Valley, with his family and household effects in a wagon, in the spring of 1807, and moving down the valley and up the Canisteo to Addison, followed the course of the Tuscarora Creek, up past the Caleb Smith settlement of the year before, in Woodhull, still farther up the north branch of that stream, clearing a road with his axe as he progressed. At a distance of nine miles above the last settlement he turned to the west, and following a small tributary a mile towards its source, unhitched his team, turned them loose in the woods, and made his camp for the night under a giant oak, seven miles from the nearest habitation. Here, accompanied by his wife and children, he camped while building the little cabin which in after-years was replaced by the old homestead near Marlatt's Corners, the public highway passing under the old " camp oak," directly in front of the house. Mr. Prutsman built the first saw-mill near the Toogood place. His daughter, Sally Prutsman, who was the wife of the late Orrin Kittle, was the first white child born in Jasper, her birth occurring April 28, 1808. Adam Brotzman, his brother, came the next year and located at the " five corners," his place being a mile distant, towards the east. Andrew Craig, Sr., one of the most prominent men in the town daring his life, left Ireland during the great rebellion, at the age of eighteen, and in 1810 left his home near Philadelphia for the new Western country, and was ap- pointed a sub-land-agent for the proprietors in that city. The first night after his arrival was spent by Mr. Craig in an Indian wigwam, near the present village. His farm joined Andrew Simpson's, south, these two farms occupying what is now a beautiful village. Mr. Craig made the first butter for market, his wife going with him to Philadelphia * Nicholas spells his name Prutsman, while his brothers Abr.ain and Philip spell theirs Brotzman, their children following their exam- ple. J^Oy, roi AMOS F. WOODBURY. Ainos F. Woodbury was born in the town of Richfield, Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. 14, 1803. His fother, John Woodbury, was a native of Massachusetts, born about 1779, went to Otsego County when a young man, and mar- ried Sophia Densmore, of that county ; settled there on a farm in the town of Richfield, where he lived the remain- der of his life. He was among the pioneers of that county, and lived on the farm where he first settled until his death, at the age of eighty-six years. His wife died, leaving four children, — Amos F., Mrs. Moses Wheeler, John, and Mrs. Moore. He was subsequently married three times : first to Rebecca Blake, of which union were born two children, — George and William ; second, to Rhoda Hawkes, of which union were born four children, — Mrs. Northrop, Lydia and Laura, twins, and Daniel, on the old homestead ; third, to Mrs. Clark, who survived him some twelve years. Mr. Amos F. Woodbury was mostly at home during his minority, and like many of the boys of his day had limited opportunities for any education from books, but the neces- sary economy, and in many instances hardships endured by both parents and children, often laid the foundation for suc- cessful business lives. Nov. 16, 1823, he married Lura, daughter of Elijah and Mary (Balcom) Martin, of Richfield. For seventeen years following his marriage he resided in Herkimer Co., N. Y., and followed farming and stock dealing, and in the latter business he was quite .successful. He bought his stock mostly in this State, and marketed in New York and other eastern markets. In 1840 he removed with his family, and settled in the town of Jasper, Steuben Co., purchasing some two hundred acres of land, where he still resides, although many years ago he passed the active duties of life. To his first pur- chase he afterwards added some one hundred and eighty acres, and of all his land he has caused to be cleared about one hundred and fifty acres. On his farm he erected com- modious farm buildings, which now show the handiwork of a thoroughgoing agriculturist and business man. Their children are Amanda, died at the age of eighteen ; Joseph B., of Greenwood ; Mrs. Philip Moore, of Jasper ; James G., died in Illinois, born in Herkimer County ; and Mrs. George Dennis, born in Jasper, and now resident on and the owner of the old homestead. In politics Mr. Woodbury was formerly a Democrat, but now is a Republican, having left the old ranks to vote for Henry Clay for President of the United States. He has been called upon by the citizens of his town to hold several positions of trust and responsibility, and for some nine years in succession has officiated as assessor, and for three years represented his town in the Board of Supervisors. He belongs to that cla.ss of men who, by self-reliance, reso- lution, and industry, carve out a fortune for themselves, and through their exertions the local improvements of town and county are brought to successful completion, law and order established, and the country prepared for the enjoyment of the rising generations. His wife died Jan. 23, 1868, a woman of great kindness of heart, generous, of unsullied character, and respected by all who knew her. *^^ ,^^*^^^ss^-5 -^^ ja^^ H/u... oZ? 'X^'^-^C^.e^ ^,:^^:i^Sz2/2J^^— ALLEN DRAKE. Peter Drake was a native of New Jersey ; married Rhuhaiua llussell, also born in that State. Soon after their marriage, in the year 1813, they removed and settled in the town of Benton, Yates Co., where they remained for sixteen years and carried on farming ; and io the year 1829 came to the town of Jasper, where they purchased one hundred and fifty acres of timbered land in the west part of the town, where they lived the remainder of their days. He died in 1852, aged sixty-five. She died in 1851, aged si.xty. Their children are Allen, born in New Jersey, Sidney, Mrs. David Dennis, Mrs. Hiel Savage, Ayres, Mrs. Leler Moors, and Charles Peter. The last two were born in Steuben County ; the others, except Allen, were born in Yates County. Mr. Allen Drake received no pecuniary assistance in starting out for himself in life. His education from books was confined to the common school, but the lessons learned while at home, during his minority, of industry, necessary economy, and judicious management laid the foundation for a successful business career. At the age of twenty-four he married Priscilla Benaway, of Jasper. The children of this marriage are Siduey, Mrs. William H. Wheeler, Mrs. Andrew Murphy, and Mrs. Harrison Purdy. ]Mr. Drake began life in the log house and on fifty acres of wild land ; soon after he added fifty acres more ; after six years, in 1840, he settled on one hundred acres, where he now resides, to which he has made additions of some five hundred and sixty acres ; some two hundred acres he cleared of the original forest, and all of which he has put in a good state of cultivation, having built on the same some four dwelling-houses now occupied by his children, together with some thirteen framed barns and as many framed sheds. His farm is the largest cultivated farm in town, and possibly in Steuben County, and shows the work of a life-intere.st and care of a careful husbandman and agriculturist. Mr. Drake has given his attention mostly to dairying, sheep and stock raising, and is ranked among the most successful farmers of the county. He has ever been interested in all matters of local im- provement in town and county ; was a member of the Democratic party until the election of Buchanan, when he united with the Republican party. While a young man he officiated as assessor for several years ; since which time he has never consented to accept official honors, although often solicited to hold high places in the gift of the people. His life has been given strictly to business, yet not so closely to his own aflfairs as to neglect what duty required in his neighborhood and town. Mr. Drake is known as a thrifty, enterprising, candid man, possessed of strong resolution, quick perception, and force of character to complete whatever he undertakes. A man of correct habits and genial dispo.sition, and among his associates sociable, and especially in hLs fomily is this characteristic particularly exemplified. He is a liberal sup- porter of church and kindred interests, a staunch supporter of morality and good society. His wife died May 29, 1847. For his second wife he married, in 1847, Olive Savage, of Jasper. She died Aug. 24, 1848, leaving a daughter who lived to the age of seventeen. He married for his present wife, Nov. 19, 1848, Lucinda, danghterof Abel Andrew, of Orange, formerly in this county. The children of this marriage are Luzerne, Mrs. Harmon Huntington, Fannie, and Bertha. Mr. Drake is now in the sixty-ninth year of his age, having been born Nov. 3, 1810. For some two years past failing health has compelled him to relinquish largely the active duties of life, but he sees arouud him the fruits of his labor, and devoted children comfortably enjoying places prepared for them by him. TOWN OF JASPER. 343 to work it over into rolls. Andrew Murphy, Sr., brother- in-law of Mr. Craig, father of Andrew Murphy, of Jasper, and John and Robert Murphy, of Canisteo, came soon after and located a short distance north. Occasional settlements were made during the next de- cade, including Andrew Moore, who came in 1816, and his brother, John Moore, now one of the most prosperous and respected farmers of the town, who is still living on the place he selected south of Marlatt's Corners. When he came there, a young man, with nothing but his vigorous manhood to rely upon, his neighbors suggested placing him under bonds that he should not become a public charge. Many of those neighbors lived to see him achieve that suc- cess which commands respect and adds to the reputation of his surroundings. A few months after the arrival of Mr. Brotzmaii, Andrew Simpson, father of Alexander, John, and Herman Simpson, came from Scipio, Cayuga Co., and built his cabin where the Drake Hotel now stands, in the village of Jasper. Mr. Simpson's eldest daughter, Polly, was married to Samuel Gregg, of Elmira, soon after, that being the first marriage ceremony performed in the town. Two other sisters, Mi- nerva and Jane, were subsequently married to Col. JeflFrey and Ira Smith, pioneer settlers of WoodhuU. Ebenezer Spencer came in 1808, and located a mile and a half north of Mr. Simpson, applying himself so vigorously to the task of clearing that in 1823 he had the largest improvement in the town. In 1811, John G. Marlatt settled on the hill between Mr. Simpson's and Nicholas Prutsman's, and afterwards the place became known as Marlatt's Corners. His brothers, Abram, Gideon, and Matthias, came afterwards, and with their father, Gideon Marlatt, Sr., who died in August, 1823, and two brothers-in-law, Uzal McMinds and Thomas Fen- ton. John G. Marlatt occupied the same farm, from his purchase in 1811 to his death in 1873, at the age of eighty- . seven years. Oliver Pease made the first settlement in 1816, where WyckofF's tavern became a favorite resort, in the west part of the town, near the deep, dark ravine known as the " Gully." The old tavern has long since disappeared, and near its place rises the tall spire of the Wesleyan church. In 1823, Robert Sharp, a soldier of 1812, moved on to the farm where he still lives, at the ripe age of ninety-four years. At the loggings and rail-splittings of fifty years ago, he was known as " the man who could out-chop any man in the county." Mrs. Sharp, who is ninety-three years old, is also living where, for nearly three-quarters of a cen- tury, this aged couple have seen the progress, in rapid strides, from the unbroken wilderness to the highest civiliza- tion. The first settlement in the northwestern part of the town was made by Guy Wardwell, in 1822. William F. Gard- ner, Henry Whiteman, and Richard Winship came in 1821, and with him his brother Sylvester, father of Dr. D. C. Winship, a prominent physician of Jasper, located in the southern part of the town. Sylvester Winship, grandfather of the doctor, accompanied his sons. Here, among the pines, were the favorite hunting-grounds of a quiet race of Indians, who remained in small numbers some years after the white men had begun to clear the val- leys. Stone hatchets, arrow-heads, and curiously-wrought stones, whose use was unknown, were picked up in great numbers by the early settlers. " Nicholas," an old Indian, who used to frequent the Craig settlement long after the rest were gone, playing for hours with the children, is said to have brought lead and run it into bullets and fanciful forms for their amusement. It was believed he obtained it about the N. Prutsman farm, but he would only say, in an- swer to questions, " Plenty; not far off!" The settlements were few, and far apart. The first school, taught by Amanda Smith, was attended by children whose long walk consumed nearly the entire day ; the barefooted, tow-clad boys starting early that they might complete their tasks and return before nightfall ; their homes were scat- tered over a distance farther than the bounds of the present town. Mills were scarce and distant at first, and the ingeniously constructed " dandy rarer " cracked the corn and wheat of the early settler, in a hollowed stump. A spring-pole made fast at the root-s of a neighboring tree, swung from a fork set securely in the ground, from the end of which hung the huge pestle, with a pin run through crosswise for handles. The operator, pouring in his grain, stood upon the stump, and grasping the pin with both hands, brought down the pounder with the force of his weight. The unskilled oper- ator, who caught the pin under his chin, or in his clothing, as it recoiled from the blow, and was hurled from the stump in astonishment, still remembers how it worked. School moneys were voted each year " to the full extent of what the law allowed," and $250 a year voted for high- ways and bridges from 1827 to 1839. In the year 1846 a special town-meeting held for that purpose voted 108 to 113 against license to sell liquors. The war of 1861-65 called for special town-meetings in rapid succession towards its close. Feb. 26, 1864, a special call voted a tax of $300 for each recruit, to fill quota, 159 votes being cast for tax, and 15 against. Aug. 6, 1864, a vote of 102 to 84 increased the amount to $500 each. Aug. 26, 1864, a unanimous vote of 64 added another hundred dollars. September 23, the same year, the fifth special town-meeting, by a vote of 144 to 84, again declared in favor of a $600 bounty to re- cruits for the army. The first settlement in that part of Jasper comprising most of the northern part of the town, and known as the " Hampshire Settlement," was made by Samuel Dennis, a surveyor from New Hampshire, in the spring of 1824, three miles northeast of the village, on the divide between the Tuscarora and Col. Bill's Creek. Here he remained alone for nearly two years, clearing four acres of land, raising a crop of wheat, and building a house, with, to use his own words, " the howling of the wolves for company." In 1826 he brought his family, and was soon followed by his brother, Moses Dennis, several other families coming the next season. Ephraim Woodward made a settlement in the town two miles farther west than Mr. Dennis the same fall. He was a man of great muscular power, and an almost con- stant hunter, whose recklessness led him into many fierce encounters. On one occasion he narrowly escaped death 3M HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. in a fierce encounter with a black bear, whicb he succeeded in killing, after being lacerated in a horrible manner. His son, Alden Woodward, occupies with him the old home- stead. Deacon Joshua Sargent, Thomas Whiting, Enoch Ordway, David and Putnam Woodward, Jonathan R. and William Prentice, and his father, Henry Prentice, were among the earliest settler.s from New Hampshire. Deacon Thomas Whiting came to Jasper in 1827, bought a farm, and after a year and a half returned to New Hampshire, where he married Sarah Cram, and re- turned accompanied by Lewis Cram, who settled near him. Deacon Whiting, whose Christian worth endeared him to the community in which he lived, died in 1878, leaving one son, Oliver 51. Whiting. Numerous other families from the same State joined them during the next ten years. The descendants of these hardy New Englanders are prosperous and energetic farm- ers. Their settlement includes the best-watered body of land in the county, and though somewhat broken, is highly productive. The first church in the town was built by them, and they have always done their full .share in promoting the moral welfare of the town. The first five ballots cast in the town of Jasper for the abolition of slavery were written and voted by New Hamp.shire men of this community, among whom were Alfred Hadley, Thomas Whiting, I. K. Robinson, and Jonathan Whiting. A cheese-factory established by Samuel Dennis, son of the old surveyor, in 1874, is doing a successful business, and adds to the prosperity of the settlement. In 1877 the Hampshire post-ofiice was established at the cheese-factory, with Mr. Dennis, postmaster. Mails are received by the Ja.sper and Canisteo stage, Wednesdays and Fridays. ORGANIZATION. The first town-meeting was held at the house of Andrew Simpson, the first Tuesday in March, 1827. Stephen Towsley was chosen '• moderator" of the meeting, and the following oificers were elected : Andrew Craig, Supervisor ; William Hunter, Town Clerk ; Uzal McMinds, Oliver Peas, Sr., Samuel Dennis, Assessors ; Jonathan Schanck, Collector ; John G. Slarlatt, Elijah Peak, and Benjamin Hilliker, Commissioners of Highways ; Stephen Towsley and Ira Smith, Overseers of the Poor; Henry Phoenix, Enoch Ordway, and Joseph Dutton, Commissioners of Schools ; Ira Simpson, Jonathan R. Prentice, and William Hunter, Inspectors of Schools ; Lewis Fenton, Philip Brotzman, and Jonathan Schanck were chosen Constables, by the uplifted hand •, Pathmasters, J. G. Marlatt, Ira Smith, Barnabas Kinney, Joseph Dutton, Lsaao Wardvvell, Israel S. Osgood, Alvah June, Benjamin Hilliker, Jehial Wood, Ebenezer Spencer, Jedediah Talbot, Benjamin Woodward ; Fence-Viewers, John G. Marlatt, Stephen Towsley, and Philip Failing. Two hundred and fifty dol- lars were voted for roads and bridges. In the general election held in November, 1827, there were 67 votes cast, and Oliver Peas, Stephen Towsley, Ira Smith, and Samuel Dennis were elected Justices of the Peace. Samuel Den- nis, William Hunter, Andrew Craig, Uzal McMinds, and Oliver Pease were Inspectors of Election. LIST OP TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1827. Andrew Craig. William Hunter. Jonathan Schanck. 1828. tt ti It ti " " 1829. it n ti _ . II Hinckley Spencer. 1830. tt t( it It it a 1831. it it ti tt Darius Simpson. 1832. tt ii H. Spencer (v. . it it 1833. Stephen Towsley. it tt Allen Drake. 1S34. it it it it Jonathan AVhitney. 1835. a it tt tt , a it 1836. " " Charles Huntei . it t( 1837. William Hunter. (' " ti ii 1838. " ti It Arnold Phelps. 1839. " " J. D. Mandcvi le. " " 1840. J. R. Prentice. John McMinds " 1841. John G. Marlatt. it a Joseph Fenton. 1842. J. R. Prentice. ii tt " 1843. William Hunter. Robert Boyd. it tt 1S44. .Andrew Craig. " " a ti 1845. '• " Joseph Fenton John McMinds. 1846. William Hunter. Peter S.S.McNeal. H. C. Simpson. 1847. Alvah June. it " " 1848. U it it It Milo Chilson. 1849. " •• it •' Asa B. Mudge. 1850. •' H. C. Simpson Jedediah Stephens. 1851. " " Darius Simpson. AVm. M. AVaight. 1852. Darius Simpson. Uri W. Metcalf. Lorenzo S. Wolcott. 1853. J. R. Prentice. " a a 1854. Jesse L. Bartow. " Elias AVhittemore. 1S55. J. R. Prentice. ti a (( n 1856. Jonathan Schanck. it it a it 1857. " Ira D. Hotchk ss. John McMinds. 1858. Ira D. Ilotchkiss. Nich. B. Hilbo ne. " 1859. u Milton Timerman. AVm. T. AVoodward. 1860. Henry C. Prentice. James Outman Henry A'an Orsdale. 1861. (( it James S. Outman. Amos R. Hilbourn. 1862. " AV. E. Craig. Josiah S. Craig. 1863. AmosT. Woodbury James S. Outm an. Burnham Sargeant. 1864. " Henry Van Orsdale. it it 1865. It a Uri AV. Metcalf. C G. Hutchinson. 1866. AVillis E. Craig. J. S. Outman. Orrin Swan. 1867. Samuel F. Dennis. it n Andrew Murphy. 1868. (( ti tt ti C. B. Hilbourn. 1869. ti ti tt a Andrew Murphy. 1870. Geo. D. Woodward. " M. E. Timerman. 1871. it it " H. C. Mulhollen. 1872. Samuel Dennis, Jr. " M. E. Timerman. 1873. Willis E. Craig. " " J. B. Sargent. 1874. James S. Outman. Henry B. And rews. Charles AVhiting. 1875. AV. E. Craig. " Charles B. Hilbourn 1876. a a • Hosea P. Barnard. 1877. Asa Spencer. Willard J. Guinipp it « 1878. it ti " Andrew Hardy. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1827. Oliver Peas. 1841. Amara Merithew. Stephen Towsley. John More. Ira Smith. 1842. Darius Simpson. Samuel Dennis. 1843. Richard Sheffield. 1831. Jonathan R. Prentice. Herman C. Simpson. Joseph Henshaw. 1844. John R. Towsley. 1832. John J. Rowley. 1845. Amara Merithew. 1833. Samuel Hudson. 1846. Har fey Andrews. Peter Drake. 1847. Dennis Knapp. 1834. Darius Simpson. 1848. Johc A. Parker. 1835. Jonas Clark. 1849. Amara Merithew. 1836. Samuel Hudson. 1850. Har 'ey Andrews. 1837. John AVyckoff. 1851. R. H. Sheffield. 1838. Darius Simpson. 1852. Alvah June. Abram Butts. 1853. AVill am McLane. 1839. Richard Sheffield. 1854. Morgan M. Benaway. 1840. Henry Andrews. 1855. Joht Timerman. TOWN OF JASPEK. 345 1855. John T. Plato.* 1867. Alfred Williams. 1856. Roswcll C. Griffin. Augustus Van Orsdale. 1857. Jonathan K. Kctchum. J. M. Simpson. 1858. Solomon Countryman. 1868. Moses F. Whittemore. Oliver B. Countryman.* 1869. Adam Hardy (2d). 1859. Jona;? Tiraermau. 1870. Solomon Countryman. Moses F. Whittmorc. 1871. Andrew Murphy. 1860. Amara Merithcw. 1872. Jerome M. Simpson. 1861. Allen A. Van Orsilale. 1873. Adrian Hardy, Jr. Moses F. Whittemore. 1874. Edwin P. Spencer. 1862. Robert Murphy. ]87.'>. Allen A. Van Orsdale. 1863. Jonas Timerman. 1876. J. M. Simpson. 1864. Jonathan K. Ketrfhum. 1877. Peter Drake. 1865. Asa Spencer. 1878. De Witt C. Amey. 1866. S. Countryman. VILLAGE OF JASPER. The old business portion of Jasper, known as the Five Corners, was centered around Adam Brotzman's tavern, and had grown to contain besides the tavern a saw-mill, two stores, or places where goods were sold, and a post-office, the first in the town. William Gardner was postmaster. The post-ofiBce became an object of contention between the rival corners, and was changed to Marlatt's Corners, where John G. Marlatt became postmaster. Previous to this Harvey Phoenix came from Painted Post, bought five acres of land, and opened the first store between Bath and Knox- ville. Pa., near Marlatt's In 1826, Edward Craig began clerking for Mr. Phoenix, and in 1834 bought him out, and moved the store to the old Craig farm at the Five Corners. Nelson Johnson went to Washington, and se- cured the appointment of Andrew Craig, Sr., postmaster, and the removal of the post-office to the new store. At this time there were only the Craig house, the store, and two other houses, — one a log house near the creek, where Andrew Simpson lived, and a little plank house where his son, Carter Simpson, sold candies and notions. Nelson Johnson built the first steam flouring-mill, in 1848, and the only flouring-mill in the town. The present village of Jasper contains 260 inhabitants, and is a place of some business importance. There are nine stores here, the proprietors of which are generally descendants of the first settlers. There are also the ordi- nary trades-shops, a saw-mill, two hotels, and three churches. A beautiful cemetery is located just above the village. The buildings are neat and modern in appearance. Mails are received daily by stage from Canisteo. A post-office has also been established at Talbott's Creek, under the name of North Jasper, and the West Jasper post-office closed. The abandoned Five Corners is now a little cluster of farm-houses surrounding a large hotel recently completed, on the site of the old Swan tavern, and just across the creek from the pioneer tavern of Abram Brotzman. The old cemetery at the Five Corners contains the remains of many of the old settlers of the town, among whom are those of Barnabas Kinney, David Cook, Stephen Towsley, Uri Merriam, and Mrs. Sally Kittle, the first child born in Jasper. CHURCHES. JASPER BAPTIST CHURCH. On the 9th of February, 1817, there assembled in what was then the town of Troupsburgh, Nathaniel Seelye, Bed- * Vacancy. ford George, Charles Card, William and John George, Rebecca Seelye, Lurena Herrington, and Phoebe Card ; Charles Card was appointed clerk. Agreeing upon articles of faith, they united in forming the Troupsburgh Baptist Church. Such as had not been, were baptized. During the month of June, 1817, Rev. Samuel Bigelow baptized and received into the church 14 persons. At a meeting held at Charles Card's, July 12, 1817, which was presided over by Rev. Andrew Sherfarne, of the Massachusetts Mis- sionary Society, the name was changed to the Jasper Bap- tist Church. In 1823 the order of Freemasons became a source of much trouble in the church. The present house of worship in Jasper village was raised June 7, 1834, and occupied, as soon as inclosed, for meetings, but was not finished until 1840. The trustees were Ebenezer Spencer and H. C. Simpson. There have belonged to this society since its organization 275 members. In August, 1849, the membership was 67 ; July, 1856, it was 32. Pastor.s, 1818, Rev. David Smith; 1819, Charles Card; 1826, William Moore; 1832, John B. Chase; 1837, B. Murdock; 1839, Thomas W. Colby; 1841, David Smith, P. Colgrove; 1842, Asa Griffin; 1844, Warren Rice; 1846, William Raymond ; 1847, Warren Rice ; 1848, Levi Stone; 1854, Calvin Thomas; 1861, G. Crocker; 1863, W. Capron ; 1866, Roswell Corbett; 1868, E. T. Mallory; 1872, A. H. Todd ; 1875, E. L. Garrett, the present pas- tor. There have been licensed to preach from this church : 1817, David Smith; 1818, C. Card; 1835, E. Kittell; 1841, Asa Griffin; Ordained: 1820, David Smith ; 1862, Thomas Dunham. Deacons : 1820, Jesse Rowley ; 1829, John Kent ; 1830, E. Kittell; 1837, Hinckley Spencer, Darius Simp.son ; 1844, Adrian Hardy; 1859, Benjamin Thomas; 1860, E. C. June. Present Clerk, A. J. Spencer. Trustees, A. J. Spencer, E. C. June. The present membership is 43. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF JASPER. During the summer of 1825, Enoch Ordway organized the first Sunday-school in Ja.sper. This school met for two years in Mr. Ordway's house, then in a vacant building, and in 1828, in a log school-house on the present farm of S. T. Dennis. In 1828 a Sunday-school society was formed for the purpose of organizing Sunday-schools throughout the town. Oct. 29, 1829, the First Presbyterian Church of Jasper was formed with 25 members. Deacon Joshua Sargent, who has taught a cla.ss of men in this Sunday- school for forty-two years, was one of the first elders. Enoch Ordway was one of the first deacons. Mrs. Thomas Whiting and Mrs. S. Fry Dennis are the only original members of the church now living. Samuel Dennis and wife. Earl Stone and wife, Samuel Butler and wife, Joshua Sargent and wife, Jedediah Talbot, Cloe Lawson, Parmelia Whittemore, and Putnam AVoodward were of the first members. Wm. H. Prentice and wife added their names two days afterwards. The first pastor was Rev. Mr. Pomeroy. In 1830 meetings were held at Adam Fail- ing's house, boards were brought in for seats. The women sat in the house, and the men on the piazza and the stumps about the yard, while the minister stood in the 44 346 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. door. The womeu came with sun-bonnets, while the little girls, clad in checked-tow frocks, wore white cotton handkerchiefs around their heads, and all carried their well-cleaned shoes in their hands until near the meet- ing. They generally brought their dinners, and attended the forenoon sermon and Sunday-school before dinner, and had another meeting after, when they dispersed for their homes, following paths through the woods, by marks cut upon the trees with an axe. This church received the 100- acre gospel lot from the Pulteneys, their organization being first in accordance with the incorporate law of the State. The first church, 24 by 36 feet in size, was built on the State road, near Earl Stone's, by William H. Prentice, Karl Stone, and David Ward, committee, who commenced their work in 1844, and finished in 1846. Meetings were held in it while building. The first Sunday after its com- pletion it caught fire in the morning and was burned before service. The second building was immediately erected in the Hampshire settlement, near the Benin's place, and was dedicated in December, 1847, by Rev. G. T. Everest. Rev. G. T. Everest, Jonathan Whiting, Earl Stone, Thomas Whiting, and Sylvester Lamson were trustees and builders. This building was abandoned on the completion of a larger church in Jasper village, in 1872, at a cost of $6000, exclusive of the site, which was donated by W. E. Craig. The church was dedicated Feb. 15, 1872, by Rev. W. A. Miles. The trustees were G. D. Woodward, S. F. Dennis, 0. M. Whiting. Pastors: 1829, Rev. David Higgins ; 1830, Rev. Mr. Pomeroy ; 1835, Orrin John.son ; 1837-38, Robert Hub- bard; 1839-42, Noah Cressey ; 1843-44, T. W. Duncan ; 1847-48, G. T. Everest; 1852, Geo. Spaulding; 1854, Harvey Hyde; 1856-58, Geo. Van Deurs ; 1858-67, S. A. Rawson; 1868, Alexander Gulick ; 1869-73, Samuel A. Rawson ; 1874-75, John Beechcr ; 1876, J. H. Brown ; 1877-78, Arthur Bruen, present pastor. Officers : Joshua Sargent, Jonathan R. Prentice, J. L. Ordway, J. Sumner Sargent, Deacons ; Samuel Dennis, Clerk; Asa Spencer, Burnham Sargent, 0. M. Whiting, Trustees. Two members of this church are now laboring as foreign missionaries : Rev. Joseph Whiting, in China, and Miss Olive Whiting, in Japan. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF JASPER. The first meetings of this society, held in the town of Jasper, were under the auspices of Mrs. S. A. Grinolds and Mrs. Smith, in 1818, who are said to have been the only Methodists in the town at that date. Rev. Buel was the first preacher. As a result of his labors there was a revival, and a class was formed under his preaching, of which Uzal McMinds was made class-leader. Mrs. McMinds, Louis Hayes and wife, Samuel Cady, who became a local preacher ; Mrs. Cady, HoUis Cady and wife, Jonathan Cady and wife, Hon. Samuel Griggs, afterwards of Troups- burgh, and his wife, a Mr. Marlatt and wife, and some others, united in forming the first class. Bleetings were held in the school-house at Marlatt's Corners, and as late as 1834 were held at the present village, and at the old corners below, in the school-houses, until the erection of the present church. Revs. James Bronson, ■ Magee, . Peck, Micah Sager, and Asa Orcutt were early preachers, traveling a long circuit and meeting their appointments once in four weeks. Rev. Mr. Atchison, who preached here in 1830, is well remembered as a man of peculiarly regular habits, who allowed nothing to interfere with his fixed hours for eating, sleep, or study, no matter what the surroundings might be. Nicholas Prutsman and Miles Kinney were trustees build- ing the church, which was repaired, and a large basement constructed beneath. The church is at present a fine build- ing, standing upon a hill-side street overlooking the village and the valley to the north. The block upon wliich it stands belongs to the society, and contains also a fine par- sonage. During the pastorate of Rev. G. W. Coolbaugh, a splendid new bell, weighing over 2000 pounds, was pur- chased, and on New Year's day, 1879, it first rang, in proc- lamation of the advent of a Happy New Year. This bell is toned to the key of G,and wears the inscription, "Jasper Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. G. J. Du Bois, 1878." The total cost of the church has been $7000. The rededica- tion, which occurred after the repairs, took place in 1871, Rev. B. I. Ives preaching the dedicatory sermon. During the pastorate of Rev. G. J. Du Bois, in 1856, Rev. Michael Coyle, then a school-teacher at Troupsburgh, was converted. He is now a prominent member of the Central New York Methodist Episcopal Conference. At that time there were upwards of 150 persons added to the church. The following pastors have ofBciatcd at this charge, and preached before its organization : 1830-35, Revs. Mr. Achison, Anderson, Ashworth; 1836, I. J. B. McKinney; 1837, Waller and St. John; 1838-53, Luther Northway, M. Rogers, Huntley, C. Gould, M. H. Davis; 1854-55, C. J. Bradbury; 1856, G. J. Du Bois ; 1857, Chandler Wheeler, D. Rittenhouse ; 1858, Carlos Gould; 1859, C. J. Bradbury; 1860-61, Merritt M. Davis ; 1864, J. Powell ; 1865-66, J. J. Tur- ton; 1867-68, L. T. Hawkins; 1869, C. Dillenbeck ; 1870-72, Francis M. Smith; 1873-75, C. 6. Curtis; 1876-77, J. R. Catlin; 1878-79, G. J. Du Bois. The present officers of the society are Milton Timerman, Class- Leader ; Edwin Whiting, Recording Steward; C. B. Hilburn, J. M. Taft, Robert Hilburn, Abram Walrath, De Witt C. Amey, Stewards ; Jonathan Whiting, Andrew Savage, John N. Duncle, R. Johnson, Trustees. The present membership is 190. It is impossible to obtain a full history of this church, as all their old books of record have been destroyed. WESLEYAN METHODIST CHnRCH. The First Wesleyan Methodist Church of Jasper was organized in March, 1871, at the " Gully school-house," in the west part of the town, under the preaching of Rev. Mr. Sinsabaugh. Rev. P. D. Rathbone had preached there a short time previous. The first members were Geo. W. Sibley and wife, Tlmrlow Woodward and wife, William Drake and wife, Joseph Banks and wife. Geo. Sibley, who afterwards became a minister, was made class-leader, and Thurlow Woodward, clerk. A building was immediately commenced under the supervision of Geo. W. Sibley, Martin Campbell, and Thomas Woodward, trustees, and was dedi- Dr. Solomon Deck was born in the town of Minden, Montgomery Co., N. Y., Dec. 31, ISK!. His father, John Deck, was also a native of that county, was a wagon-maker by trade and carried on farming ; was married to Elizabeth Banter, of which union were born three children, Urial, Nancy, and John. His wife died, and for his second wife he married Catharine Failing. Their children are Solomon S., Daniel, Betsey, and Mar- garet. His parents removed and settled in Jasper, then called Troupsburgh, in 1822, then an almost entire wilderness, and a few scattered inhabitants. His father purchased three hundred and fifty acres of land, upon which he settled, and cleared some seventy-five acres prior to his death, March, 1813. His wife survived him several years, and died in April, 1861. Dr. Deck started for himself in life upon reaching his majority, received fair opportunities for an education dur- ing his minority, and was a teacher for several terms. In 1837 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Jones, of Bath, and was afterwards a student with Dr. Leaver, of Bath. He attended medical lectures at Castleton (Vt.) Medical College, from which he was graduated M.D. in 1841, and the same year settled at Jasper in the practice of his profession, where he has continually resided since. For the first twelve years he traversed this country, attending to his calls on horseback, and in no case during his active life did lie ever make a distinction with the rich or poor, but gave his services as freely when he did not ex- pect remuneration as when he would receive a merited fee. For many years Dr. Deck's ride extended distances of twenty-five miles around, and night and day he was found in the saddle, often denying himself of the rest and sleep which his mind and body demanded. Many incidents woi'thy of mention connected with his experience, depicting the suft'ering of patients and the wants of the needy, might be written, in which his .sympathy has shown his promi- nent characteristic. Dr. Deck has not only been first in his profession, and ranked among the leading physicians of the county in point of skill and medical knowledge, but as a citizen has ever been interested in all matters of a local interest. Feb. 23, 1843, he married Frances C, daughter of Joseph Wheeler, of Kanona. Her father was one of the first settlers of that part of the county, was a farmer, and kept public-house. He died in 18G0, aged sixty-one. Her mother, Sarah Kennedy, was daughter of Colonel Henry Kennedy, who was the first settler of Kanona. She died Aug. 13, 1878, aged eighty. Mrs. Deck was born Dec. 22, 1822. Dr. Deck was formerly a member of the Whig party, and is now a Republican ; has never been active in politics, but has given his whole attention to the practice of his profession. He was selected under the old law as school inspector, and subsequently was school superintendent of the town for two years. They have only one daughter, Sarah P., wife of Allen A. Van Orsdale, who for one terra was clerk of Steuben County, and for several years has ofiiciated as justice of the peace for the town of Jasper. Failing health some ten years ago caused Dr. Deck to partially relinquish his practice, since which time he has only attended calls at home and occasionally made visits at short distances, giving coun.sel when called upon. He started in life without pecuniary assistance ; but with that self-reliance and resolu- tion characteristic of him, and a good executive ability, he has .secured a fair competence, and is ranked among the men of the county who carved out their own fortune. .1 TOWN OF JASPER. 347 cated Fob. 14, 1875, by Rev. Adam Crooks, general agent of the Wesleyan connection. Pastors: 1872, P. D. Rath- bun ; 1872, Rev. Mr. Sinsabaugh, Rev. Mr. Sniffin ; 1873, Geo. W. Sibley; 1874-75, S. D. Prentice; 1876-77, G. W. Scudder ; 1878, S. W. Jennings. Membership, 27. Present officers, William Drake, Clerk ; William Root, Class-Leader ; Otis Potter, William Drake, Stewards ; Peter Drake, George Wentworth, Trustees. The church build- ing, a neat edifice costing $1800, is located on Jasper Hill, on the cast side of the deep, dark gorge called " the gully," near the highest point of land in the town. MILITARY RECORD OP JASPER. Coopor, Wm. II. II., private, IClst N. Y. Inf., Co. H; enl. Aug. 19, 18C2, three years; clisch. Sept. 20, 1805. Baroes, Nelson, private, 161st N. Y. Inf., Co. II ; enl. Sept. 5, 1861, one year; nnist, out .\ug. 17, 1865, at Elniira. WaigLt, George Wulcott, private, 101st N.Y. Inf., Co. H; enl. Aug. 21, 1864, one year; tliscli. for disability .and must, out at PhilaJelpliia, Pa. Waigbt, Franklin, Corp., IClst N. Y. Inf., Co. H; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, throe years; wounded at the liattle of Cox's Plantation. La.; disch. Sept. 20, 1805. De Witt, Lafayette Alonzo, private, SOtli N. Y. Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 14, 1861, three years ; wounded at the hattle of Chancel lorsville, Va., May .3,1863; re-enl. Dec. 20, 1863: in service tlireo years and ten months. Doty, Stephen Oliver, private, 161st N. Y. Inf. Co. H ; enl.Jing. 30, 1864, one year; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Tiinerman, Montgomery Albert, private, 161st N. Y. Inf., Co. II ; enl. Aug. 26, 1861, one year. Beneway, James Horatio, private, 101st N. Y. Inf., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; disch. Sept. 2(1, 1SG5. Beneway, George Washington, private, 161st N. Y. Inf., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Heckman, Sylvester, private, I61st N. Y. Inf., private, Co. II ; enl. Aug. 30, 1804, one year; discli. Sept. 20, 1805. Williams, Dennis, private, 85th N. Y. Inf; enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year; disch. June 27, 1805. Dennis, Moses, 2d sergt., R6th N. Y. Inf., Co. H ; died at Washington, D. C, April 0,1862, of typhoid fever. Johnson, Edgar Wallace, private, 60th N.Y. Eng., Co. F; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years; died at Washington, May 8, 1804. Banks, Ezra (2di, prive.te, 2 ft. M*ITt *tr WOOOHUtl N ^^-/^rpt^^^A^ ^:/^!^ r^-^ , 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. Dec. 21, 1803, three years ; ilieJ at Morgaiiziit, La., Oct. 15, 1861, of chronic diarrhuea. Yorke, ICIias, 1st Pennsylvania Rifles or Bnck-tail. Eves, James. 86th N. Y. Inf., Co. 1! ; enl. 1861. Quick, Richard, private, 2d Pennsylvania Cav., Co. L ; enl. July 4, 1862, three years; prisoner of war about thirteen mouths at Belle Isle, Andeison- ville, and Charleston and Florence, S. *.'. Horn, John Carpenter, private, 1st Pennsylvania Rifles, Co. E; enl. 1861, three years; disalled by sunstroke, May 7, 1862; disch. Sept. 15, 186:!. Bartoo, Eli William, piivate, 85th N. Y. Inf., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 25, 1864, one year ; disch. July 17, 186."). Bartoo, Sniitli, private, 85th N. Y". Inf., Co. A; enl. Sept. 12, 1864, one year; disch. July 17, 1S65. Vanskiver, Jonathan Peter, private, IBlst N. Y. Inf., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 8, 1804, one year. Broughton, Charlns, private, 80th N. Y. Inf , Co. G; enl. Jan. 21, 1804, tliree years ; wounded in thigh in the Wilderness, May 6, 1804 ; disch. June 27, 1865. Johnson, Daniel Rnfus, Corp., 141st N. Y. Inf., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 13, 1804, one year; si-rved in 34th N. Y. luf about sixteen mouths; trans, to 60th N. Y. Regt. ; disch. July, 1865. Dennis, George Washington, private, IClst N. Y. Inf., Co. I, thiee years; died at New Orleans, La.. Sejit. 4, 1864, of remittent fever. Springer, Eli Barnard, piivate, IClst N. Y. Inf, Co. C: enl. Jan. 1.3, 1S64, three years; trans, to Battalion A about Sept. 20, 1865, at Fort Jefferson, Fla. Van Orsdale, Allen Augustus, 2d sergt., 1st Penn-ylvania Rifles, Co. A ; enl. May 30, 1801, three years; disch. June 1, 1802. McMindes, Charles, private, 86th N. Y. Inf., Co. 11; enl. Oct. 10, ISOl, three years ; disch. Oct. 17, 1804. Hardy, George Ailrian, private, !)th N. Y. H. Art., Co. E; enl. Sept. 15, 18C4,one year; must, nut July 20, 1865. Marsh, Edward William, piivate, 161st N. Y. Inf, Co. II; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year; died Feb. 1, 1865, at New Oilcans, La., of chronic diarrho?a. Stewart, Homer, private, 179th N. Y. Inf , three years; disch. for disability, Sept. 1864. Hamill, George Wa.«hin);ton, private, 107th N. V. Inf, Co. K ; enl. July 19,1862, three years; disch. June 14, 1805. Spencer, .\8a, Corp., 13Gth Pennsylvania Inf., Co. B; enl. .\ug. 5, 1S62, nine months; must, out at Hariisburg, 1 a. Phillips, James lliiam, private, 51st N. Y. Inf, Co. A ; enl. Sept. 3, 1,S63, three years; first entered the 109lh N. Y. Inf.; trans, to 5lBt N. Y. Inf.; wounded in front of Petersburg, June 17, 1864 ; disch. .\ug. 1805. Phillip-s, George F., private, 109th N. Y. Inf, Co. B; enl. Aug. 9, 1802, three years; disch. June 8, lS6."t. Rawson, Andrew Hubbard, private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. July 23,1803, three years; pro. to q. m.-scrgt., March 1, 1864. Eawson, Edgar Samuel, private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 25, 1803, three years. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. DEA. THO.MAS WHITING was born in Lyndoboro', N. H., April 30, 1802. He was the fifth in a family of eight children of Oliver and Hannah Whiting, who arrived at maturity. Thomas was about thirteen years of age when his father died. His mother remained on the homestead, and carried on the farm until her death, at the age of .sixty. Of their children only one son is living, — Oliver, now a resident of the town of Jasper. Mr. Whiting remained at home with his mother until he reached his majority, except a year or two, when he worked out. In 1826 he came with others to the town of Jasper, Steuben Co., looking for a place to settle, and before returning purchased one hundred and sixty acres of tim- bered land in Jasper, which property he subsequently cleared and lived upon until his decease. Returning to New Hampshire he married, Oct. 16, 1828, Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Sarah Cram, both natives of Lyiideboro', N. H. Sarah Cram's mother died when she was only thirteen months old, and she resided with lier aunt, Mrs. Elizabeth Woodward, until her mar- riage. She was born June 12, 1804. Immediately after their marriage they removed to Jasper, traveUng with horses and carriage the entire distance and being fourteen days on the way, reaching their new home in Steuben County late in the fall of 1828. At this time there were only a few scattering settlers in the town, and no school-houses uor churches. Mr. and Mrs. Whiting were closely identified with all the local im- provements of the town. Most of his land he cleared and prepared for cultivation and erected buildings for farming purposes. Kiryy^C/'^ y/ d\u.OL^f^^ He was a man of reading, and well informed in the events of his time. For some three years he was school commissioner of the town, and, although often solicited tn accept public offices in the town, he preferred the ([uiet of business and its independence to political honors. He was formerly a member of the Whig party, and an active exponent of its principles ; was strongly opposed to human bondage, and was one of three in the town who first voted the Anti Slavery ticket. After the formation of the Republican party he became a supporter of its platform. Mr. Whiting and his wife were attendants of the Presby- terian Church before leaving New Hampshire, and Mrs. Whiting was a member of the same, and she was among the organizers of the Presbyterian Church at Jasper, and Mr. Whiting became a member of the same in 1832, and was ordained one of its ruling elders, Sept. 12, 1847. His real worth and close relations with tiic church endeared him to all its members. As a friend and neighbor he had but few equals; was constant, kind, and a man of correct moral habits and strict integrity in all his business relations. He died Oct. 31, 1878. His wife still survives. They reared a family of six children, three of whom are living: Mrs. William Schanck ; Oliver, who married Martha A. Prentice, of Jasper ; and Cynthia. 3$r>. L I N D L E Y. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The town of Lindley was formed from Erwin, May 12, 1837. It lies upon the southern border of the county, east of the centre, and is bounded by Erwin on the north, Ca- ton on the east, the Pennsylvania line on the south, and Tuscarora on the west. The east and west parts of Lindley are elevated and hilly uplands, divided by the deep valley of the Tioga River, which is about one mile wide, and bounded by steep hill-sides from 400 to 600 feet high. The soil on the hills is a heavy, shaly loam, and in the valleys a rich alluvium. A large portion of the surfice of the hills is still covered with forests, from which lumbering has been extensively carried on. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlement of this town was made upon the Tioga Flats, by Colonel Eleazer Lindsky, in the year 1790. Mr. Lindsley was a native of New Jersey, and had been an active officer of the " Jersey Blues" during the Revolu- tionary war. Previous to 1790 he had ridden through tlie Genesee country to find a tract of land where he might es- tablish himself and gather his children around him. The unhealthiness of the region around Seneca and Canandaigua Lakes prevented his settling in that region, and he chose a tract less promising for agricultural purposes, but one that promised freedom from the diseases to which the more fer- tile northern plains were subject. His colony consisted of about forty persons, who, with their goods, were transported to the Susquehanna. At Wilkesbarre these were transferred to boats and poled up the river, while the horses and cattle were driven along the trails or rude roads upon the banks. They arrived at their place of destination June 7, 1790. Plows were made, and the river-flats were immediately broken. These flats were covered with rank grass, bordered by higher land covered with Indian corn-hills, which had been hilled up year after year, until so prominent as to be yet seen where undisturbed. It was on these corn-lands the first crop of the pioneers was raised. The season was too far advanced for corn, but a great harvest of buckwheat was secured. Buckwheat, corn, milk, and game constituted their food the first winter. " Old Pomp," a negro belonging to Col. Lindsley, made himself useful by pounding buckwheat in the dug-out top of a stump, with pestle hung like an old-fashioned well-sweep, from the time the ice closed the river in autumn until spring removed the impediment, and allowed the trans- portation of grain in canoes to Shepard's mill at Tioga Point, fifty-two miles down the river. Old Pomp seems to have been something of a hunter as well as a miller, killing three bucks at one shot as they were feeding upon the moss in the river, and being kicked over a log and into the 350 brush and nearly killed himself, from the recoil of the gun, which he always loaded with a handful of powder, and the entire contents of the old-fashioned brass moulds, — an ounce ball and nineteen buckshot of various sizes. Colonel and Mrs. Lindsley were members of the Presby- terian Church at Morristown, N. J., and in this new settle- ment the Sabbath was strictly observed. Traveling mis- sionaries were cordially welcomed, and when none of these were present to conduct the religious services. Col. Linds- ley himself would read a sermon. In 1793 he was elected a member of the Legislature. He died at home soon after, and his remains were the first to be placed in the plat he had himself selected for the cemetery of the colony, his death taking place in June, 1794. This cemetery is situ- ated on the left bank of the river, and contains the remains of many of the early pioneers. It is known as the Linds- ley Burying-ground. His was the first death in the new colony, which lost in him an energetic and worthy founder. Col. Lindsley was accompanied to his new home in the Tioga Valley by his two sons, Samuel and Eleazer, and by his sons in-law. Dr. Ezekiel Mulford, Ebenezer Bachus, and Capt. John Seelye. David Cook and David Payne, who, in company with Mr. Bachus, built the first mill at Lindley Station, also accompanied the colony. Eliza Mul- ford, daughter of Dr. Ezekiel Mulford, was the first child born in Lindley, and first white female child born in the county of Steuben, her birth occurring Aug. 10, 1792. David Cook and Elizabeth Cady were the first couple united in marriage. Col. Lindsley, before his death, had erected a saw-mill, the irons for which he had brought with him from New Jersey, and which was in operation in 1790, being one of the first mills on the Phelps and Gorham pur- chase, and the first in the Tioga Valley. This mill was located at a fall, a short distance up Watson Creek. The first grist-mill was built soon after, between this and the river. Mrs. Lindsley, after the death of her husband, kept the first public-house between Williamsport and Bath, and entertained Col. Williamson and his crew on their early journey through the wilderness. She died in Lindleytown, Nov. 20, 1806. Many of the descendants of the Lindsley, Mulford, and Seelye families still live in the Tioga and adjoining valleys. The principal descendant of the Lindsley family is Bradley Lindsley, who occupies the original home of his grand- father, much improved and beautified, but still exhibiting the old style of liberal hospitality and welcome. Charles Ford, only son of the first merchant in the valley, and grandson of Col. Lindsley, married the daughter of Gen. Cruger, of Bath, and still lives in sight of the little ceme- tery where sleep the colonists and many of their children. A visit to his home is a rare treat to the antiquarian, the TOWN OF LINDLEY. 351 house being fillnd with many mementos of early public men, as well as of the early settlers of Steuben County. Dr. Ezekiel Muiford, the physician of the colony, was a direct descendant of John Muiford, of Maidstone, Sussex, England, who was one of the first thirty-five English set- tlers in the State of New York, he settling on Long Island in 1639. Dr. Muiford and his wife both died within a few hours of each other during the fever of 1812, leaving a family of fifteen children. Lindsley Muiford, who was the oldest of the family, became known throughout the country as a woodsman and hunter, living a life of adven- ture with a young Indian for some years ; finally settling down as a prosperous farmer, and dying at the age of eighty-seveu years. Jeremiah and Eleazer were intimately connected with the early development of Lindlcytown, which was built upon their farms, and were highly respected by the com- munity in which they lived. Eleazer Muiford, the last survivor of the Lindsley colony, who came in 1809, died in 1871, at the age of eighty-four years. In 1811 he was married to Miss Betsey Lillibridge, who had come to the settlement to teach school. John C and E. P. Muiford are the leading members of the family in the town, and prominent citizens. Lee and Uri Muiford, well-known journalists and writers in Steuben County, are of this family. Castilla was the fiither of Gen. John E. Muiford, who acquired a national reputation by his connection with the exchange of prisoners during the late war. liliza, the first child born in the colony, was the mother of Rodney Bachus, the inventor. Joseph Miller, the school-teacher of the colony, grand- father of Horace Vastbinder, informs us, in a school com- missioner's report for 1826, that " the school-books used in the four districts of the town are Webster's Spelling-book, Murray's English Reader, Murray's Grammar, Walker's Dictionary, Daboll's Arithmetic, Flint's Surveying, and Moars Geography." Charles Seelye, who occupies the old homestead of his grandfather, Capt. John Seelye, near the Lawrcnceville depot, is a son of Wm. Seelye, long a leading citizen of Lindley, and the only one left to bear the name. Col. Gabriel T. Harrower, grandson of Rev David FTar- rower, and for many years one of the leading lumbermen of Tioga Valley, served as colonel of the 161st New York Volunteers in the late Rebellion, and represented this dis- trict in the State Senate in 1871. Of the seven slaves brought by the colony from New Jersey some of their descendants are still living in various parts of the county. " Old Pomp" fell a victim to the epidemic fever after tending the sick during the terrible winter of 1813. Wm. More, one of the most extensive farmers in the southern part of the county. Col. G. T. Harrower, Hiram Middlebrook, S. M. Morgan, and Rev. W. H. Hill have been leading business men of Lindleytown for many years. T. J. Presho and S. Hammond are leading business men at Erwia Centre. Joseph Miller, one of the colony, who was in later years for a long time school commissioner, taught the first school, near the Pennsylvania line, in 1793, which shows that the first settlers of this wilderness did not remain long without the means of education for their children. Dr. Muiford located himself near the State line, and devoted himself to his profession. Col. Lindsley sold to John P. Ryer.ss a por- tion of the northeast corner of the town, and in 1804, Jas. Ford came from the East as his clerk, bringing a stock of goods and opening the first store in the valley, near the Orr place, below Cook's Creek. Amos Halsey came after the colony, and was accidentally killed in 1802. The first post-otfice was at Judge Lindsley 's house, and afterwards, in 1830, at the store of Lyon & Morgan, Albert Morgan being postmaster. Rev. David Harrower, a Scotch Presbyterian preacher, resided in Lindley, and preached in the surrounding country at that date. Joshua Russell came to Lindley in 1823, settling on the Calder farm, at the mouth of Muiford Creek. Lime was burned at this point from marl, in the hills, in 1816. Coal has been found also, on the surface among the hills on this creek, in small quantities. This was one of the heaviest timbered towns in the county, no less than fourteen miles having been located along the river within the present town limits. Robert, a brother of Ben Patterson the scout and hunter, who par- ticipated in the engagement at Freeling's Fort and other scenes of the early Indian wars, was one of the early set- tlers, removing from the old tavern at Knoxville, and locating at the mouth of the creek which bears his name, in 1804. Among the later arrivals previous to 1830 are found the names of E. F. Tremans, A. F. Lyon, A. C. and Julius Morgan, John P. Ryerss, Abner Thurber, Frederick Heckart, and Eber Scofield. Elani Watson has been jus- tice of the peace almost continuously from 1830. The Lindsley colony brought with them several slaves, who remained with their masters until years after the legis- lation abolishing slavery in New York. Death emancipated them from a not burdensome servitude. The line of road past the Patterson place was in earlier days a well-known racing-ground, and the scene of many a rural frolic among the hardy pioneers and their children. The river, which is now confined to its narrow bed, covered much of the flat with its shallow waters, and fords were convenient at each settlement. Oak timber in the flats furnished acorns to fatten the half-wild hogs, and butter- nuts covered the ground in their season. Every family had its dui'-out, and deer were shot at will in the woods or while feeding on the rich mosses in the dark shadows of the river. Col. Lindsley portioned his lands to his children and fol- lowers in long strips across the town, the old partition sur- veys still annoying their possessors by their inconvenient angles. The now rich river-flats were in many cases aban- doned by their owners for hill farms, which, when devel- oped, were vastly inferior in value to those they left. From the opening of the railroad with its wooden track and thin strap rails from Corning up the valley to the Blossburg coal-mines in 1840, the real settlement of the town outside of the valley may be said to have begun, and as the timber was taken ofi" men began to realize the possi- bility of clearing away the smaller growth and making themselves homes. Their houses were built with an eye to comfort and hospitality, having large doors, through which, in winter, the heavy logs were drawn by teams HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. and rolled from the rude sled into the huge open fireplace at one end of the large living-room. The Lawrenceville, Pa., Station, on the Corning, Cowan- esque and Antrim Railroad, is in Lindley, Lawrenceville being across the Tioga River and just over the State line. There are here, beside the depot and round-house, the junc- tion of the Elinira and State Line, and Cowanesque branch of the Corning, Cowanesque and Antrim Railroads, a large saw-mill, and fifteen dwellings. The Valley Enterprise, of Lawrenceville, was published here at the depot by Henry C. Mills a short time in 1870. Lindley Station, two miles farther down the valley, con- tains a saw- and planing-mill, two stores, furniture-shop, two blacksmith-shops, a wagon-shop, shoe-shop, hay-press, two school-houses, three churches, and thirty-four dwellings. Lindley is the first post-office established in the town, A. C. Morgan having been made postmaster in 1829. A sul- phur spring of considerable note exists near the station. Cook's, a flag station a mile from Lindley, at the mouth of Cook's Creek, consists of the large steam-tannery of Isaac H. Bary, store, and 25 dwellings. Just across the river is the Sandt Mill settlement. Erwin Centre is six miles from Corning, in the town of Lindley, on both sides of the river, and takes its name from having been the centre of Erwin before Lindley was taken off. There is here a flouring-mill, a store, saw- and stave- mill, two blacksmith-shops, a shoe-, and cooper-shop ; post- office, school-house, and Methodist Episcopal church, and about forty dwellings. Half a mile up the Clendenna Creek is a mill and settle- ment. The hills are thickly covered with farms, and dairy- ing is extensively carried on. The three bridges span the river at Lawrenceville Depot, Lindleytown, and Erwin Centre. ORGANIZATION. At the first annual town-meeting in the town of Lindsley,* held in the school-house at Erwin Centre, on the 6th day of February, 1838, the following were " duly elected officers of the said town :" Supervisor, Benjamin Harrower ; Town Clerk, Chauncey Hoffman ; Justices of the Peace, Silas Cook, William Seelye, and Jonah Davis ; Assessors, Ansel C. Smith, William Lindsley, Jeremiah Upham ; Commis- sioners of Highways, G. A. Ryerss, Thomas Clark, Benj. Patterson ; School Commissioner, Michael R. Thorp, A. B. Lindsley, James G. Mersereau ; School Inspectors, D. P. Harrower, T. L. JMersereau ; Overseers of the Poor, Ben- jamin Patterson, Jeremiah Mulford ; Constables, W. A. Lindsley, Richard Marks, Abner Collins, Royal Vamillea ; Collector, W. A. Lindsley. At this election it was voted to elect an officer to protect game, and to double the amount of school money. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks. CoUectors. 1838. Benjamin Harrower. Chauncey Hoffman. William A. Lindsley. 1839. William Lindsley. 1840. Edward H. Tremans. E. H. Tremans. Thomas Clark. A. F. Lyon. *So spelled in the record in the clerk's office. The t was dropped out in recording, making the name Lindley, as now generally spelled. Supervisors. Toi ■11 Clerks. C..llector8 1841 Silas Cook. Julius Morgan. Richard Marks. 1.S42 Ansel C. Smith. a *i ti ti 1843 " " Gabriel T. Harrower. Joseph Rorobaugh. 1844 G. T. Harrower. M. P. Orton. Richard Marks. 1845 James G. Mersereau . " 1846 " Eber Scofield. Eli Harris. 1847 Henry A.Miller. " " James Clark. 1848 Samuel J. Mersereau .Geo. Thurber (2d). Rich.ard Marks (lie) D. P. Harrower. 1849 David P. Harrower. " 1850 Gabriel T. Harrower . Eber Scofield. George McLagan. 1851 " Samuel Heckart. Robert Patterson. 1852 Ansel C. Smith (tie) " " Joseph Collins. 1853. Eber Scofield. .. 1854. Samuel Heckart. D. P. Harrower. A. J. Tillman. 1855. A. B Lindsley. M. W. Rose. Eleazer Lindsley. 1856. G. T. Harrower. Ira Lyon. Mathcw Riffle. 1857. it ti " 1858. Henry G. Harrower Charles Mulford. 1859. A. C. Morgan. Vincent Hall. 1860. " " " George Camp. 1861. Eber Scofield. William More. Phineas Burr. 1862. ti a " " William C. Brown. 1863. a It '* ** Joseph Collins. 1S64. Wiiliam More. Henry F. Hill. John C. Mulford. 1865. '• Milo W. Rose. 1S66. Eber Scofield. " " George L. Hovey. 1S67. S. M. Morgan. William More. Mathew Riffle. 1868. Eber Scofield. " *' Phineas Burr. 1869. William More. Hiram Middlebrook. I. N. Grenell. 1S70. " " George Bennett. Samuel Patterson. 1871. Mason Hammond. T. J. Presho. Ralph Cook. 1872. William More. W. H. Hill. William Cook. 1873. James C. Orr, Jr. James A. Rogers. Ira Warner. 1874. G. T. Harrower. T. J. Presho. John H. Harrison. 1875. a (. Thomas Carey. Asa C. Hill. 1876. William More. John C. Mulford. Robert Orr. 1877. T. J. Presho. Fred E. Thurber. John Brinnen. 1878. James A. Rogers. " " Mathew Riffle. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1838. Silas Cook. 1851. J. S. Stewart. William Seelye. A. C. Smith. Jonah Davis. 1852. Chauncey J. More. 18.39. Morris Johnson. Elam Watson. William Seelye. G. T. Harrower. ISIO. James G. Mersereau Benjamin Patterson. A. C. Smith. 1853. A. B. Lindsley. 1841. Abram B. Lindsley. Charles Stocum. James G. Mersereau Nelson Cr.awford. 18-12. Jonah Davis. 1854. B. L. Colwell. Eber Scofield. Ira Lyon. 1843. Elam Watson. Lewis M. Drake. William Farraod. E. Scofield. Chauncey Hoffman. 1855. Atwood Fales. 1844. Eber Scofield. Charles Stocum. Julius Morgan. William R. Seelye. 1845. William W. Miller. Hiram Colder. Eber Scofield. 1856. Ira Lyon. Julius Morgan. Abner Thurber. 1846. Rufus W. Palmer. B. S. Colwell. Silas Cook. A. J. Daniels. 1847. George Thurbur. 1857. Eber Scofield. Rufus W. Palmer. Joseph Collins. 1848. Abram B. Lindsley. 185S. Elam Watson. Eber Scofield. Eber Scofield. A. C. Smith. Thomas Clark. 1849. Stilman Smith. 1859. Elam Watson. Eber Scofield. Eber Scofield. Austin M. Smith. 1860. Ira D. Lyon. P. A. Wise. 1861. Chester P. White. 1850. A. C. Smith. James Cook. Henry A. Miller. 1862. William Seelye. Eber Scofield. Charles Stooam. TOWN OF LINDLEY. 353 1862. 1S63. 1S64. 1865. 1866. 1867, 1868. 1869. Elam Watson. Eleazer P. Mulford. Henry C. Bull. Joseph AV. Gurnsey, Eleazer P. Mulford. Charles Stocum. Elam Watson. Joseph W. Gurnsey. Elam Watson. Sheldon D. Clinton. Henry C. Bull. H. S. Payne. Henry C. Bull. Eber Scofield. William Burr. Mason Hammond. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. Charles Stocum. Elam Watson. William Burr. Edwin Temple. Isaac Sandt. Isaac Sandt. Charles Stocum. William Burr. Alexander Manley. Mason Hammond. Osceola Gilbert. Elam Watson. Robert Patterson. R. S. Stowell. Hamilton McHeury. CHURCHES. THE FIRST B.\PTIST CHURCH was organized in Liudleytown, Saturday, June 13, 1841, under the preacliinjr of Rev. Mr. Sheardown, five being baptized the next day, Sunday. Albert C. Morgan was chosen clerk. July 15 the neighboring organizations met in council, and the church was organized, with Messrs. Walker and Brady, deacons. Preaching was supplied them at the school- hou.ses until a union was cflFected with Lawrenceville, Pa., in March, 1844, llev. T. W. Colby, Rev. 0. G Stevens, and Rev. Ransom Marine oflBciating. The organization failed to appear at the annual association after 1846, and ceased to exist as such about 1SG4. THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH was organized under the preaching of Rev. John W. Saw- yer, in 1866, and a church built on the Sohofield place, at Lindleytown, in 1866 or 1867. The first trustees were Eber Scofield, Hiram Middlebrook, and John Sawyer, Class-Leader. Pastors : Revs. Welcome Smith, George Edwards, Wm. Parry, John Stacy, J. W. Sawyer, Levi Kelly, Samuel Perkins, A. W. Paul, Geo. Stoner. Rev. J. D. Osmun, the present Pastor ; Present Local Preacher, Elisha Hudson ; Class-Leader, A. H. Knapp ; Recording Steward, E. Hudson ; Stewards, Fran- cis Holbert, Ellen S. Camp. Trustees, E. Hudson, Ed- ward Camp, Lewis Wood, Justin Reed, James Harrower. The church numbers 14 members. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This church first organized at Erwin Centre, in 1850, with Rev. Clement Young Pastor and Charles Stokum, Class-Leader, — Rev. Kasimer P. Jarvis, of Painted Post, rendering great assistance by his services. Rev. Amasa English and Rev. Francis M. Smith preached afterwards. In 1861 the class was changed from the Painted Post to the Tuscorora charge until 1866, when it became a separate charge. Pastors : 1868, Rev. Peter B. Clark ; 1870, Rev. Stephen M. Dayton ; 1874, Rev. George Wilkinson ; 1875, Rev. Geo. Sherer;. 1877, Rev. Andrew Purdy ; 1878, Rev. Isaac Everett. Their church was built under the present Trus- tees, — Hamilton McHenry, Luke Gibson, George Pepper, Simon Arnold, James Cook, and Nathan Taft, — in 1875, at an expense of $3000, and dedicated Jan. 27, 1876. 45 James Orr is class-leader. Stewards : George Pepper, Ralph Cook, Hamilton McHenry. The church consists of 35 members. Another class was formed at Lindleytown, Dec. 13, 1876, and Daniel F. Merritt, David I. Jones, R. S. Stowell, Wm. More, William Burr, Thomas E. Gary, and Jas. A. Rogers made trustees. Work was iniraediately commenced on a building, and, Nov. 15, 1877, the "Centennial Methodist Episcopal Church of Lindley" was completed. Besides the trustees, the present officers are Class-Leader, Clerk, and Treasurer, John C. Mulfoi-d. The church has now about 50 members, and is a part of the same charge with the Erwin Centre Church. THE INDEPENDENT CHURCH OF LINDLEY was organized, under the preaching of Rev. L. D. Ayers, May 20, 1875, — G. T. Harrower, H. Jliddlebrook, Lorenzo D. Ayers, Elam Watson, and Isaac Sandt being the com- mittee who drew up the articles of church covenant. Forty-five names were placed upon the roll, and Isaac Sandt, Elam Watson, and Barney Griswold were made deacons. Trustees. — Robert Higgins, C. Terwillegar, Oliver Camp. Treasurer. — John C. Mulford. Secretary. — S. M. Morgan. May 22, 1877, the church was changed to The Baptist Church of Lindley, and a delegation appointed to repre- sent the church at the next session of the Baptist Associa- tion ; 51 members were retained, and E. P. Gillett, Oliver Camp, James H. Middlebrook, James Walker, and Mathew Riffle elected trustees; S. M. Morgan, Clerk; Elam Watson, H. Middlebrook, and Ann Rifle, Deacons; and Leroy Wat- son, Treasurer and Collector. The pastor, Lorenzo D. Ayers, was then regularly oidained, and a church building com- menced, which is now nearly completed. MILITARY RECORD OF LINDLEY. Harrower, G.T.,coI., IClstliif. ; enl. Sept. 0,1862, three years; res. Nov. 25, 1863. Harrower, H. C, capt., 86th Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 1801, three years; re-enl. 86th Inf., Dec. 1803, three years; pro. to col., March 3, 1804; disch. Oct. 12, 18G4. Bradley, Elijah B., private, 107th Inf, Co. C, three years. Booth, Elijah D., private, Hist Inf., Co. D; enl. An-. 14, 1852, three years; served nearly two years; mortally wounded at the battle of Resaca and died in field hospital, May 19, 1804. Booth, Geo. W., 107th Inf., Co. F, three years. Belcher, Nelson, lU7th Inf., Co. F, three years. Boyle, Edwin, private, 50th Eng., Co. F ; enl. Aug. 1, 1862, three years ; disch. June 28, 1865. Clark, James, private, 15th Eng., Co. G; enl. Aug. 22, 1804, one year; pro. to 4th Corp., Nov. 1S64; disch. June 13, 1805. Walker, Gilbert, private, 50th Eng., Co. M; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years ; pro. to first class ; disch. June, 1865. Morgan, S. M., maj., S6th Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 1861, three years; pro. to capt ■ and ass't adj.-gen., Feb. 28, 1.'4. Keville, Wm., corp., 86th Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 14, 1861, three years; disch. Sept. 30, 1864. Dougherty, John, private, SGth Inf., Co. F ; enl.Sept. 21 , 1861, Ihree years ; trans. to Vet. Res. Corps, Aug. 28, 1S63 ; re-enl. April 21, 1864; disch. Nov. 18, 1865. Vastbinder, George, private, 86th Inf., Co. C; enl. Sept. 1861. Marsh, Henry, private, 86th Inf.Co. F; enl. Oct. 13, 1861, three years; wounded at second Bull Run battle, Aug. 26, I8G2 ; disch. in consequence of wound, Nov. 27, 1862. Kinney, Henry L., private, 8Cth Inr,Co.F; enl. Oct. 18, 1861, three years ; sick, sent to hospital at Washingtim, Feb. 1862, from there to Philadelphia; disch. at the latter place, June G, 1862. Westcolt, Delos H., corp., 86th Inf., Co. C; enl. Oct. 11, 1861, three years; died in Stanton Hospital, Washington, Sept. 17, 1863. Thurber, Henry C, Ist lieut. and adjt., SGth Inf, Co. F; enl. Sept. 18, 1861, three years; pro. to seryt., Oct. 1, 1861 ; to 2d lieut., July, 1863; to 1st lieut. and adjt., Feb. 18G4 ; disch. Oct. 10, 18G4. Seelye, Myron M., private, SGth Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 27, 1861, three years. Matson, William, private, G4th Inf., Co. K; enl. July 16, 1863, three years; wounded in shoulder at Weldon Railroad, Aug. 14, 1864; died at Lindley, Oct. 14, 1864. Muggins, John, private, 68th Inf, Co. H ; drafted July 17, 1863, three years; disch. Dec. 1865. Cook, Silas, sergt., SGth Inf, Co. F; enl. Sept. 14, 1861, three years. Williams, Samuel, private, 3lPt Inf. fcol.),Co. F; enl. July 17, 1863, three years; disch. at Brownsville, Te.\., Nov. 7, 1865. CowU's, Demetrius, corp., 86tli Inf , Co. F; enl. Oct. 12, 1861, three years ; disch. for disability. Clark, Samuel, private, Ist Inf, Co. G ; enl. July 13, 1862, three years ; died at David's Inland, Oct. 7. 1862. Cowles, Henry, 1st Pa. Rifles, Co. A, three years; re-enl. in 50th Eng. Marsh, Robert, musician, 86ih Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 14, 1861, three years; died and buried at Fredericksbui g, Jan. 22, 186:i. Gordon, Amasa L., priv;ite, 8Gth Inf, Co. F ; enl. Oct. 25, 1861, three years. Miller, Thomas F., private, SGtli Inf., Co. F; enl. Oct. 26, 1861, three years. McMahon, Michael, private, SGth Inf., Co. F; enl. Nov. 12, 1861, three years. Stewart, Levi, private, S6lh Inf., Co. F; enl. Oct. 6, 1861, three years; disch. June 7, 1862. Thomas, John, private. 86Ih Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 14, 1861, three years. narrower, John G., 1st lieut, 1st Rifles, Pa. Vet. lies. Corps, Co. A; enl. April 21, 1801 ; pro. to capt. March 1, 1863; res. June 23, 1863, to accept com- mission of 1st lieut. and adjt. in 161st N. Y.Inf. ; disch. Oct. 15, 1865. Allington, Edgar, private,8Gth Inf.,Co.F; enl.Feb.3, 1864, three years ; killed at buttle of Petersburg, June 18, 1864. Campbell, William A., private, 86th Inf., Co. F; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years ; re-cnl. vet. ; disch. with regiment, July 4, 1865. Mathews, Isaac, private, 50lh Eng. ; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year; disch. June 13, 1865. Randall, Lyman, private; drafted July 17, 1863, three years. Benton, Jared, private ; drafted July 17, 1863, three years. Broi^kway, William, private; drafted July 17, 1863, three years. Mulford, Charles C, private ; enl. Feb. 1S64, three years. Miller, Jacub, private, 89th Inf ; enl. Jan. 10, 18G4, three years ; died in hospital at Folly Island, S. C, April 29, 1864. Schuyler, Henry S., private, 86th Inf, Co. I ; enl. Feb. 1864, three years; missing at battle of Spottsylvania Court-House, May 10, 1864 ; never heard from. Rumsay, Isaac, private, 86th Inf. ; enl. Feb. 1864, three years. Wheeler, Richard, private, 86th Inf.; enl. Feb. 18G4, three years. Fairbanks, Gardner, private, 50th Eng., Co. M; enl. Jan. 1864, three years; disch. Juno 26, 1865. Hawkins, Charles, private. Rupell, Orrin, Jr., private, 72d Ohio Inf, Co. F; enl. Jau. 1, 1862, three years; re-enl. Jan. 1, 18GI, three years; disch. June 9, 1865. Mulford, Lee, sergt., 107th Inf, Co. F; enl. June 6,1862; pro. to corp. in 1862; to sergt., 1863 ; disch. at end of war. Rifle, Andrew Jackson, private, 2d Harris L. Cav., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 7, 1864, one year ; disch. June 5, 1865. Walker, Robert, 89th Inf., three years; re-enl. Walker, James, private, 1st Pa. Rifles, Co. A ; enl. June II, 1861, three years; wounded through the neck at South Mountain, Va., Sept. 14, 1862; disch. March 4, 1863; re-enl. 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G, Sept. 20, 1863, three years; taken pris. Oct. 4, 1364 ; confined at Meridian, Ala., until April 26, 1865, when he was paroled; disch. April 17, 1865. TOWN OF PRATTSBURGH. 355 Eobinson, Jamps (sub.), private, 50th Pa. Inf., Co. K ; enl. March 7, 1865, one year; discli. July 30, 18C5. Robinson, Wra. (sub.), private, 50th Pa, Inf., Co. K ; enl. March 7, 1865, one year ; disch. July 3tl, 1865. Cook, Arthur, Jr., private, i:Jth 11. Art., Bat. C; disch. June 21, 1805. Demenstoy, Walton, private, 50th Eng. Carey, Thomas, private, 2d Uatris L. Cav., Co, K ; enl, Sept. 7, 1864, one year ; disch. June 5, 1SG5. Lindflley, Henry, private, 179th Inf., Co. B; enl. March 25, 1864, three years; disch, Juue S, 1SC5. Lindsley, Joseph, private, 3d L, Art,, Bat. K ; enl. Sept, 5, 1861, three years ; disch. July 1^, 1SG5, Beed, Myrun II,, enl. 1801, throe months ; re-enl. in 14th Inf,, Jan. 18C2, three years; served full term and disch, with regiment. Cowles, A. Dcmetriuj", private, 50th Eng. ; enl. three years. Cowles, Henry, 50th Eng,; enl. three yeara. Cowles, James, private, 5Uth Eng. ; enl, three years. Cook, A. Justice, private, 107th Inf.; onl. Feb. 28, 180 1, three years; dUch. Aug. 1865. Sawyer, Addison, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 21, 1861, three years. PEATTSBURGH. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. The town of Prattsburgh is centrally situated upon the northern border of the county. It is bounded north by Italy and Naples, in Ontario County, east by Pulteney, south by Wheeler and Urbana, and west by Cohocton. PHl'SICAL FEATURES. The eastern part of the town forms the highlands be- tween Keuka Lake and Five-Mile Creek ; the central, the elevation between Five- and Ten-Mile Creeks ; and the extreme western border is Lent Hill, west of Twelve-Mile Creek. The hills and valleys range generally from north- east to southwest. The hills rise from 300 to 400 feet above the valleys. The valley of Five-Mile Creek is 1400 feet above tide-water. From the hills, which gradually rise from this and other valleys of the town, the prospect is that of a beautifully-undulating table-land extending in all directions, covered originally with hard timber — -hem- lock and white pine — but at present presenting a fine rural landscape of wooded slopes and cultivated farms. The farm-buildings indicate the thrift and prosperity of the enterprising agriculturists of this .section. The soil is of gravelly and clay loam, adapted to pasturage and to the growth of cereals, fruit, and vegetables. The town con- tains 35,638 acres, of which 27,410 are improved lands, and 7578 acres are timbered lands. The value of farra- buildings ranks next to that of Bath, being 8209,610, exclusive of dwellings, to the latter $338,775. (See gen- eral tables of statistics.) EARLY SETTLEMENT. [Mrs. Anna Pratt Rice, the only daughter of Capt. Joel Pratt, and who was at the time of her death, in 1876, the oldest person and resi- dent in Prattsburgh, communicated, a short time before her decease, to William B. Pratt, Esq., the following facts concerning the early settlement of the town.] " Her father, Capt. Joel Pratt, was from Colchester, and her mother, Mary Beach Fowler, from Hebron, Conn. The children, in the order of age, were Joel, Ira, Harvey, Anna, Dan, and Elisha. Capt. Pratt and his son Harvey, with four ox-teams, six men, and one hired girl, and needful tools and provisions, came to this region in the year 1800, in the month of February, and settled on Hemlock Hill, four miles west of Pleasant "Valley, and cleared 110 acres of heavy forest, and sowed the same with wheat in the fall. They got there in the night and found the sleepers of a rude cabin torn up by the Indian.s, and were obliged to cut hemlock boughs and place them for a temporary floor. The build- ing of the cabin had been provided for the year before by Capt. Pratt when he visited the country on horseback. After the wheat was sown, Capt. Pratt and son returned to Columbia County, and the men of the company scattered in different directions. In February, 1801, Capt. Pratt and Harvey returned, and Joel also came on in time for the harvest, which was a prolific one. At this time there had not been a single tree felled in what is now the town of Prattsburgh. The grain was cut with sickles by men ob- tained from Bath and Pleasant Valley, then the only near settlements, and stored in a barn built the same season, with lumber hauled up the long hard hill from Pleasant Valley. It was thrashed the succeeding winter with flails, hauled to Bath with ox-teams, a part of it floured, and all of it stored, and the whole product floated to Baltimore in the spring of 1802, on arks, and sold for twenty shillings and fourpence a bushel.* " In the year 1800, Uriel Cliapin came also from Spencer- town with his family, settling on lands now occupied by Julius Stickney, in Wheeler. Mr. Jared Pratt also came the same year with his family, and was the first actual white settler in Prattsburgh. Both Chapin and Pratt had been on the year before alone, the latter making the first clearing in the town. There were four acres of it lying a little south of Mud Lake, on what was long known as the Beach farm. In October, 1802, Capt. Joel Pratt removed his fiimily, coming with both horse and ox-teams, and was eighteen days in making the trip."}" There was then no open road on the route they came. After getting a few miles this side of Brown's, in what is now the town of Jerusalem, the com- pany followed blazed trees a number of miles on the last * Capt. Pratt sold his wheat for something over $2.50 a bushel, and came back from Baltimore on foot with nearly $8000 in bis pocket. f From Spencertown, Columbia Co., to his new house. 356 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. of the journey, rcachinj; finally, after many tribulations, the cabin on Hemlock Hill. When within two miles of the end of their journey, they were obliged to sojourn for two days at one Deacon Bennett's till a road could be cut through ; the only open road which they had formerly traveled being up the hill from Pleasant Valley on a differ- ent route. The Aimily lived on the hill some three years, during which time there was friendly intercourse with the Chapin and Jared Pratt families, by a road opened through the dense forest. Mrs. Rice traveled the same, in one in- stance, alone, though wild beasts were numerous. The family removed to this place in 1805, into a house built of hewed logs, on the knoll occupied now by William B. Pratt. The barn had also been built, the trees being cut away to make room for it, and some of the stumps remain there- under till this day. " In the summer of 1804, Mrs. Rice kept house for her father for awhile, in a log cabin a few rods west from where L. 0. Dunning resides, while he cleared sixty acres of forest, a part of the present premises of A. H. Van Housen. It was heavy maple timber, and the labor was largely done by three men from Sherburne, they using long pikes, and throwing the trees into immense windrows. When the fo- liage was dry the surrounding forest was lighted with such a prodigious fire as is rarely seen, reducing not only leaves and limbs, but trunks also, to a large extent, to ashes. Where the village now stands was cleared subsequently by parties from Middletown, now Naples, under the superin- tendence of Uriel Chapin and William Root, of Albany, the latter being interested by purchase of lands. Seventy acres were cleared at one time, and sowed with wheat, mak- ing a luxuriant growth in the fall, which afforded fine grazing for deer, then so abundant that Joel Pratt was able, with his old flint-lock musket, to capture three in a single day. " The road to Middletown was opened prior to 1802, — a two-rod road which extended to Bath by way of the Hemlock Hill, Uriel Chapin being the contractor. At the two ex- tremes — Naples and Bath— were the only grist-mills in all this region. At this time (1805), settlers were coming in considerable numbers. Minister Niles being the first after Jared Pratt, unless we except Daniel Buel, a bachelor and expert hunter, who located his cabin on grounds now owned by W. H. Babcock, and profitably followed his chosen pur- suit. Buel subsequently wandered off to Northern Ohio, and met his death at the hands of some of the very abor- iginal race with whom he had so long fellowshiped. While making a fire in his cabin a treacherous savage stealthily entered his door, and fiitally buried his tomahawk in his back. This was the last of Buel, wFio was well esteemed by the early settlers for his simple habits, unobtrusive in- dustry, and unflinching integrity. His hold on his mother's affections was so strong as to bring her on one occasion all the way from Stockbridge, Mass., afoot, some three hundred miles to visit him. " Mr. Niles vacated the post of principal of the academy at Clinton, Oneida Co., to preach the gospel to a few scattering settlers in this then howling wilderness. His first religious services, and the first public services in the town, were held in the house of Jared Pratt, a rude log structure where Luther Wheeler's house now stands. The congregation consisted of eight persons — Mr. Niles, wife and son George, Jared Pratt and wife, Mrs. Rice and her brother Harvey, and Daniel Buel. It is to be regretted that the particular text used on the occasion is not remembered. Mrs. Rice and her mother came over from the Hill on horse- back. " The first death was that of a child of Wm. P. Curtis, where his son, Wm. B., now lives. It was a little girl, and she was found with her face in a small and shallow stream of water — dead. A tin horn was blown by the family as a signal of distress, which was heard by Jared Pratt, more than two miles distant, who sped with all haste to the scene of affliction. He was the nearest neighbor excepting Pomc- roy Hull, who then lived where Benjamin Cook now does. The child was buried near the house. Subsequently, Mr. Tuttle, father of Joel Tuttle, died, and was buried in the present grounds of Elijah Allis. In July, 1806, occurred the death of Harvey Pratt, the third in town. What is now the old cemetery-ground had been burned off and planted with corn. A road was opened through it, and the first body lowered, the late Dan Edson assisting. After- wards one acre of ground was conveyed by Capt. Pratt to the religious society for a public burying-ground, and the bodies of the Curtis child and Jlr. Tuttle were placed therein. Since then have been gathered there a great con- gregation." We have quoted the above article in full on account of its interest, although not strictly in chronological order. From it we learn that Jared Pratt, the first settler of Prattsburgh, came on and made a small clearing in 1799, and moved his ftimily to the town in the year 1800. He had then just set out in his career of life. He brought with him a wife to share the vicissitudes of pioneer life, and to soften and sweeten its adversities. The farm he first selected and continued to occupy as long as he lived is that now owned by Mr. Luther Wheeler, and he then planted a row of Lombardy poplars, which at this day marks the place of the first shelter built for civilized man within this township. " They constituted the only family in the township for about two years and a half; their hardships were many and their privations great. No neighbors within seven miles, no roads except a mere trail, and dense forests all around them. To obtain flour for their bread, Mr. Pratt would yoke his oxen, fill his bag with grain, lay it across the yoke of his oxen, and drive his team eleven miles to Naples, where was the nearest mill to his habitation, the road all the way lying in a dense forest without a habitation con- tiguous to it."* Capt. Joel Pratt first visited the country on horseback in 1799, and selected Hemlock Hill, where he had a log cabin erected that year. In the year 1800 he came on and cleared 110 acres of land, sowing the same to wheat that fall. The following season the wheat was harvested, and in the spring of 1802 was conveyed by ark to Baltimore. Capt. Pratt returned from Baltimore, and before removing his family in October of that year, entered into contract for the * Hotchkin's Hist. Western New York, p. 464. ^ /C S L:i?u^jLo^cL A_ -/O Philo K. SronnARD, M.D., was born in the town of Jerusalem, Yates Co., Sept. 28, 1825. The ancestor of the Stoddard family was of English birth, and settled in Northampton, Mast-. The great- grandfather Stoddard removed to Danburj, Conn., where he raised seven children, five of whom were sons, and fit for military duty at the time of the Revolutionary war, viz., Benjamin, Joel, Mosely, Cyrenus, and Darius. The grandfather, Cyrenus, enlisted in the war for independence, suffered from scurvy, and was for three days and nights at one time on a picket-boat on Lake Charaplain without rations, or once relieved from duty. After the war he was pensioned. He married Candacc Mix, lived in Greene Co., N. Y., and afterwards moved to Cherry Valley. Their children are Sabra, Philo, Cyrus, Benjamin, Orra, Olive, and Esther. Benjamin, father of Br. Stoddard, was born in 1796, in Cherry Val- ley, Otsego Co., and was the first settler ou lot 12 of the Green Tract, in Jerusalem township, Yates Co., and paid therefor six dollars per acre. He was then twenty-one years of age, and had in property, all told, an axe, a gun, a watch, and six dollars in money. Armed and endowed with youthful courage and a strong constitu- tion, he entered upon the work of subduing the wilderness, and earning on his land the wherewithal to pay for his title. In 181S he married Hannah Kelly, also a native of Otsego County, and few women have been a better support to a husband than she in the arduous labors of pioneer life and the care of a large family. Mr. Stoddard held a captain's commission in the 103d Regiment Infantry, granted by Gov. Enos T, Throop, in 1828, and a lieutenant's com- mission previously given by Gov. Yates. He also held several town offices. He died June 4, 1878. His wife still survives. Their children are Chester (deceased), Siirvina, Charles, Philo K., Susan Ann, Esther, and Thomas F. Dr. Stoddard received his preliminary education at the common school and at Franklin Academy. At the age of sixteen he was a teacher, by which occupation and by farm labor he acquired sufficient means to enable him to prosecute his studies. He was a teacher for six terms in the common school and one term in the Franklin Academy. At the age of twenty he began the study of medicine with Dr. Elisha Doubleday, of Italy Hill. After one year he became a student with Dr. Andrew D. Vorhees, of Prattsburgh, with whom he remained two years in the study of medicine, and also learned dentistry. He at- tended lectures at Geneva Medical College in 1845-46; subsequently at Buffalo Medical College, from which latter institution he was gradu- ated M.D. in June, 1848, and the same year settled in Prattsburgh, where ho has remained in the practice of medicine, surgery, and dentistry ever since. Solicited by the war committee at Elmira, he became a volunteer surgeon in the service of the United States immediately after the second battle of Bull Run, and was for a short time stationed at the Armory Square Hospital, D. C. In September, 1863, he received a commission as assistant surgeon in the 161st Regiment, and was with this regiment until the close of the war; was in the battles of Mans- field, Pleasant Hill, Spanish Fort, and at the capture of Mobile. Sev- eral times Dr. Stodtiard was detailed to take charge of hospitals. He had charge of Gen. Bailey's brigade hospital at Vicksburg for a short time; of smallpox hospital at White River Landing; and received several complimentary appointments from Gen. Franklin for his well- known faithfulness and sobriety, not less than for his skillful service as a surgeon, and was detailed by him to take charge of a boat-load of three hundred wounded from Grand Ecore to New Orleans, after the battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, and for a short time prior to the breaking up of the war he was stationed at the Dry Tortugas with his regiment. During his two years' service. Dr. Stoddard had for eleven months sole charge of the regiment. His faithfulness to ilutj', and his ability to discriminate between those able to do duty and those who were not was so correct that during the entire time, though he reported nine- teen hundred and twenty-nine cases of sickness and wounds, there was not a single death. At the close of the war he was honorably discharged and resumed his business in Prattsburgh, and has since continuously prosecuted not only the practice of medicine and surgery, but of dentistry. When necessary. Dr. Stoddard assumes grave re- sponsibilities without hesitation, and operates with a skill which knowledge and firm courage alone impart. As an obstetrician he has few superiors. He was the first in town to administer chloroform successfully, and has since used it in all severe operations with highly satisfactory results. He counsels freely with all honorable physicians of whatever school. Besides his professional duties, he is interested in thoroughbred stock, and four years ago introduceil the first into Prattsburgh, and now has a fine herd of Alderncy and Jersey cattle. In 1850, July 4, he married Sarah Jane, daughter of Sebastian Lewis, of Prattsburgh. (if this union was born one sod, Philo L., who received his education at the Franklin Academy, and is now in the practice of dentistry with his father. Mrs. Stoddard died July 4, four years after her marriage, and in September, 1856, Dr. Stoddard married Sarah, slaughter of Albert Cowing, of the town of Jerusalem, Yates Co. Dr. Stoddard has ever been strictly temperate in his habits, and never allowed himself to use cither liquor or tobacco. Ho is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a contributor to church and kindred interests, antl in his professional life the needy receive the same attention as those from whom he expects a fee. C^u>i^/if "/^qAu O ^U^ & '^^cU CHARLES WALDO was eighth cliild and seventli son of Jesse and Martha Waldo, born in tlie town of Prattsburgli, Nov. 2, 1805, and is said to have been the first white male child born in the town. He received his education at the common school and at Franklin Academy, and until he reached- his majority most of his time was spent at home. At the age of twenty-one he became a teacher, but only followed teaching for two terms. At the same time and place as the marriage of his brother Lucius, he married Elizabeth Elvira Par- melee, daughter of Asa Harmon and Emily Parmelee. She was born Aug. 22, 1809. For six years subsequent to his marriage he car- ried on farming on the old homestead, one-half of the time following his marriage. In 1831 he settled on one hundred and sixty acres of land, mostly timbered, where he has since resided, and to which he has made additions, so that at one time he had some three hundred acres. His main business tlirough life has been farming. He has never been actively connected with the po- litical circle, but has preferred the quiet of a business life; yet he has ever been interested in questions affecting local, State, or National legislation, formerly being identified with the AVhig party, and now an unswerving sujiporter of Republican principles. Valuing the intrinsic worth of a good education, he has through life taken a deep interest in that subject, and done all in his power to promote the progress of education in his vicinity and town, and especially, as means would afford, has he given his children the benefit of the best schools. Mr. Waldo has ever been of a studious turn of mind, and conversant with the current topics of the times. As early as nineteen years of age he became a member of the Congregational Cluirch of Pratts- burgh, was for many years connected with its manage- ment, and for the past twenty-five years has been a deacon of that church, ■\\hich office he now tries to honor. His wife died Jan. 16, 1873. She became a mem- ber of the Congregational (now Presbyterian) Church at sixteen years of ago ; was a woman possessed of rare excellence and Ciiristian virtues, devoted to her family, and especially interested in church and Sun- day-school work. In the sjjhere she was remarkably gifted in adapting herself to the capacities of children of tender age. The surviving children are Charles Dwight, of Lyons, N. Y. ; David Parmelee, of Midland City, Mich. ; William Albigense, of Prattsburgh ; Theron Linsley, a graduate in the Class of '63 of Hamilton College, and a Presbyterian clergyman ; George Har- mon, of Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Chloe Elizabeth ; and Mrs. A. J. Snoke, of Princeton, Ind. (^^tU^^^^oc^ ""Mc/c/^ o^. 'y(ytytA(0 -^^^ LUCIUS WALDO. Lucius Waldo was born in Bridgewater, Oneida Co., N. Y., June 25, 1802. His father, Jesse Waldo, was a native of Mansfield, Conn., born in 1761 ; married Martha Hovey, also a native of Mansfield, Conn., born in 1770. Settled in Oneida County, where they lived for several years, and removed to Prattsburgh, this county, and settled near the town-line of Prattsburgh and Pulteney, in July, 1805 ; took up quite a large tract of timbered land, and spent the remainder of his life in clearing oflF the forest and preparing the land for cultivation. He came into the town nearly simultaneous with Captain Joel Pratt, Pixley Curtis, and other families, numbering fourteen. For several years he was chosen as justice of the peace, and also officiated as assessor for several terms. He belonged to the old Federalist party, and consequently opposed the war of 1812. He was a deacon of the Congregational Church at Prattsburgh for many years prior to his death, which occurred in 1826. His wife was an exemplary Christian woman, and proved a helpmeet in all the duties of pioneer life, and educated her children in all that makes true manhood and womanhood. She died in 1849. Their children born in Connecticut were Mrs. Isaac Pardee, Jesse, Aaron H., Otis, Albigense ; born in Oneida County, Henry H. and Lucias; bom in Prattsburgh, Charles, Abigail (died young), and Edmund. Of these only Lucius, Charles, and Edmund survive. The subject of this sketch was only three years of age when the family settled in Prattsburgh. His education from books was attended with tfie then common obstacles of a long distance, rude school-house, and poor roads. A distance of four miles was often traveled to get to school, but his subsequent career as a business man has fully demonstrated that education does not all come from books. In the year 1828, Oct. 15th, he married Rebecca, daughter of Obed and Sibyl (Carter) Hervey, of Prattsburgh. She was born March 10, 1808. After his marriage, Mr. Waldo settled on a farm adjoining where he now resides, to which he made additions until he now occupies the same premises, as also enough more to make over three hundred acres, upon which he and his wife have resided over half a century. His life has been one of industry, economy, and self-sacilfice ; yet through his middle life, and until debarred by age and in- firmity, he was ever regarded as one of the thrifty, enterprising, and intelligent farmers of the town. Mr. Waldo was originally a member of the Whig party, op- posed human bondage, and since the organization of the Repub- lican party has been a supporter of its principles. Mr. and Mrs. Waldo have lived in an unostentatious way ; became early in life members cf the Congregational Church of Prattsburgh, and arc liberal supporters of all interests tending to aid the needy and educate the rising generations. They have lived together upwards of fifty years, but passed the day of their goWen wedding without public notice. d TOWN OF PRATTSBURGH. 357 purchase of the town of Prattsbur^'h, to which he removed from Hemlock Hill in the year 1805. ORIGINAL PURCHASE OF THE TOWN. On tlie 16th day of June, 1802, Col. Robert Troup, chief a<;ent of the Pulteney estate, entered into a contract with Capt. Joel Pratt, then of the county of Columbia, and William Root, of the county of Albany, whereof the follow- ing is the substance : I. Messrs. Pratt and Root were to take upon themselves the sale and settlement of township No. 6, 3d range of town- ships in the county of Steuben. The township thus desig- nated was afterwards organized as Prattsburgli, in honor of the founder. II. The survey was to be made in convenient lots to suit purchasers, at the expense of the said Pratt and Root, and to be made as soon as practic;ible. We learn from other sources of information that the survey was tuade by Hon. William Ker.sey. III. The third article contains the stipulation for reserv- ing 200 acres, to be appropriated forever to the use of a clergyman, who shall ultimately reside in said township, to minister to them according to the Christian faith and doc- trine. IV. The fourth article contains a charge to Messrs. Pratt and Root to exercise great diligence in the matter of effecting sales. V. The fifth article relates to the price of land, which in no ca.se is to be less than $3 an acre, and as much more as possible. An article dated 2d of February, 1803, shows that from that time lands might be sold for $2.50 an acre. VI. to XIII. The subsequent articles, to the thirteenth, contain several provisions relating to the manner of payment and the form of security to be taken whenever the lands in question were sold upon credit. The two remaining articles stipulate that Messrs. Pratt and Root should receive as a compensation for their care and trouble, and as an incitement to diligence, one moiety or half part of so much of the purchase-money as (com- puting the number of acres contained in such lots) shall exceed the sum of $2 per acre ; but with the provision that no portion of this should be paid till said Pratt and Root had themselves paid into the land-office of the Pulteney es- tate, at Geneva, the sum of $32,000. The objects of these two original purchasers were un- doubtedly dissimilar. Mr. Pratt had determined to form a church as well as a town, and it was his intention to have cast in his lot with the hardy pioneers of the new colony. Mr. Root, on the contrary, continuing to reside in Albany, looked upon the enterprise merely in the light of a hopeful speculation. Concerning the former, Mr. Hotchkin, in his History of Western New York, remarks as follows : " It was his de- termination to settle himself and family on this township, and to establish a religious society in the order to which he had been accustomed. With a view to the accomplishment of this object, he required every person to whom he sold land to give a note to the amount of $15 on each 100 acres of land purchased by him, payable within a given time, with legal interest annually, till paid to the trustees of the religious society which should be formed."* Rev. John Niles came to Prattsburgh, accompanied by his family, in the autumn of 1803. He was a licentiate of a Congregational Association, and in feeble health, for which reason he desired to combine with the ministry the invigorating labor of an agriculturist. Capt. Pratt gave him a farm of 80 acres as an inducement to settle here. It was a portion of the present farm of Israel B. Van Housen. William P. Curtis, Samuel Tuthill, and Pomeroy Hull came in the year 1804, and also, later in the same year, Salisbury Burton, who occupied for many years what used to be so well known as the Burton farm. In 180G we find a goodly array of settlers. In addition to those already named, were the following : Enoch Niles, Rufus Blodget, Jesse Waldo, Judge Hopkins, John Hop- kins, Deacon Ebenezer Rice, Robert Porter, Deacon Ga- maliel Loomis, Samuel Hayes, Deacon Abiel Linsley, Moses Lyon. Uriel Chapin, Asher Bull, Roban Hillis, Stephen Prentiss, and jierhaps others. Of the pioneers of this town, Mr. Hotchkin remarks that "almost all the heads of families who first came in were members of the Congregational Churches, and persons of more than ordinary intelligence. They were drawn hither by the expectation of enjoying good religion and civil society. They were peculiarly a homogeneous popula- tion." The plan proposed by Capt. Pratt for forming a perma- nent fund for the support of the gospel was at first adopted with great unanimity, but subsequently it became a source of dissatisfiiction, and after a few years was relinquished. It was probably continued long enough to produce all the beneficial effects its author had in view, and it was certainly an important means of drawing to this settlement an unusu- ally large number of religious and intelligent fitmilies. Capt. Pratt and his partner, Mr. Root, were not of" con- genial aims and purposes." To end the differences between them it became necessary for the former to buy out the in- terest of the latter, which was done in the year 180G by the payment to Mr. Root of nearly $8000. In the same year the original contract was rescinded between all the contractors, and a new one entered into between the agent of the Pulteney estate and Capt. Pratt, Joel Pratt, Jr., and Ira Pratt for so much of the township as remained at that time unsold. This contract, like the former one, was re- scinded about 1810 or 1811, in consequence of Capt. Pratt's inability to comply with its terms, — an inability resulting from a serious pecuniary embarrassment beyond the power of human calculation to foresee or of human prudence to overcoYiie. The first frame building erected in town was a barn built by Joel Pratt, in 1804. It stood on the rear of the lot now owned by Grandus Lewis, on Chapel Street, and was subsetjuently removed by Mr. Pinney to his farm, in the ea.st part of the town. At an early time, when families were coming in, this barn used to be a common stopping- place for them till they could arrange the rude appoint- • Hist. Western New York, p. 406. 358 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. ments of their own cabins. It was also the usual place of holding public worship. Mr. Pratt soon added to this barn a frame house, which stood on ground now occupied by the residence of Martin Pinney, and which, with important additions and improvements, is now the residence of Mr. Elias Wygant. Tiie first merchants of the town were Joel Pratt, Jr., and Ira Pratt. Aaron Bull kept the first hotel. It was built of logs, and opened in 1806 or 1807. It stood ad- joining Dr. Pratt's office, where the store of Martin Pin- ney now stands. In the year 1808 three log houses stood on the east side of the public square ; one was the resi- dence of Henry Allis, and stood on the same site as the dwelling now occupied by Elijah Allis; the second was the residence of Cyril Ward, and stood near the present resi- dence of Mrs. Rice ; the third was owned by Capt. Theo- dore Brown, and stood on the .site of the present residence of Mr. Thos. Van Tuyl. Judge Porter at that time lived in a log house which stood upon the same ground or near the present residence of John C. Higby. Add to these the first meeting-house, and you have the village complete as it was in that early day. The first burying-ground was the one on the Bath road, just south of the village. It was laid out in 1806. We have before alluded to it as receiving first the remains of Harvey Pratt, and then of three or four others, who first died in the settlement, as the forerunners of the immense multitude now resting there. Here sleep most of the pio- neers of Prattsburgh, whose names on the simple monu- ments recall to the present generation the " forefathers of the hamlet." ROAD TO BATH. The two-rod road to which reference has been made, did not continue for a long time to be the principal thorough- fare to Bath. The same road, which is usually traveled at the present day, leading to the village, was cut through a dense forest, in 1805, at the joint expense of Capt. Pratt and the Pulteney estate. It intersected the road leading to Geneva, near Brown's Hollow, but for several years was next to impassable. In 1807, two roads were cut from the village of Prattsburgh to Crooked Lake, one opening the way to West Hill. Each of these roads nearly correspond to the ones now in use. Till 1 808, Bath was the nearest post-village. During that year a post-route was established from Geneva to Bath, passing through the village of Prattsburgh, over which the mail was carried on horseback, generally, once a week. That year the Prattsburgh Post-office was established, and Joel Pratt, Jr., was postmaster. It was nearly twelve months before Mr. Pratt was put in possession of a mail- bag, the mail matter designed for this office being taken from the bag at Geneva and brought here in a separate parcel ; so, too, the mail here was made up in a separate package and deposited in the bag on reaching Bath. These were not the only difficulties. Daniel Cruger, who in those days represented this district in Congress, contrived to get the stage-route from Geneva to Bath on the east side of the lake, thus leaving Prattsburgh unprovided with mail focilitics. Mr. Pratt was obliged, under the.se circum- stances, to send mail matter to Bath as he had opportunity. and receive from thence what was in that office in the same precarious manner. On making complaint to the depart- ment of the injustice of this arrangement, he was author- ized to provide a mail-carrier for a regular weekly mail till other arrangements could be made. These were effi;cted soon after, and since that time no irregularity has occurred in the mails. Since the establishment of the railroads the citizens have been favored with a daily delivery. H0N0R.4.BLE MENTION. The first child born of white parents in this town was Marietta, daughter of Jared Pratt. It is recorded of her : " She resided here till 1830, and we know not, within the whole range of our town's history, that there ever lived among us an individual whose life better exemplified the Christian walk. She was but a little way removed from total blindness, yet, notwithstanding the loss of so impor- tant a sense, she was well educated, and lived the life of a child of God, and died in the sure and certain hope of a glorious resurrection." The first marriage celebrated in the town was between Isaac Pardee and a daughter of Deacon Waldo. The first male child born in Prattsburgh was Charles Waldo, who still resides here, and has reared a fiimily of five sons, who are all settled elsewhere. LIFE IN TIIE EARLY DAYS. " The early years of our town's history," say the local historians, " were not days of modern refinement. Those were days of patient toil and patient endurance. The pio- neers of our early history were strangers to the moderately- luxuiious appointments of our modern homes. For a few years the present residence of John C. Higby was the only hou.se which art had embellished or paint adorned, to feast the eye of the traveler throughout the whole distance of the weary route leading from Geneva to Bath, through Prattsburgh. This was called the ' Lily of the Valley.' The frugal housewives of those days knew nothing, or at least experienced none of the benefits or care of three-ply carpets, hair-cloth sofas, or marble-top centre-tables; no more did they have the tribulations of a modern party, with its knackery of ice-creams and jelly-cakes, five layers deep ; pleasure carriages then formed no part of a farmer's inventory. '■ These early settlers generally came here in the winter, and upon ox-sleds, subsisting throughout their journey upon their own provisions. Deacon Waldo and Judge Hopkins, the morning previous to their arrival, found their stores reduced to two loaves of bread, being then at Sher- man's Hollow. " In 1805, Stephen Prentiss, Warham Parsons, and Aaron Cook purchased adjoining farms in that part of the town known as West Hill. The same year Mr. Prentiss occupied his place. Mr. Parsons, the next year, settled on his form, and the year following Deacon Cook became a permanent resident, and occupied his place till the day of his death. In 1807, Michael Keith purchased and began the cultivation of a farm in Rikcr Hollow, where he lived in undisturbed .solitude till the advent of Thomas Riker and William Draie, in the year 1810. MRS. LUTHER GRAVES LUTHER GRAVES. j* ft/oros BY MA flcES ''sATrsaufTGH ) LUTHEK GRAVES was born in Whately, Mass., Jan. 16, 1794. He was the seventh child in a family of ten children — five sons and five daughters — of Israel and Anna (Brown) Graves, both of whom were also natives of Whately. His father was a farmer by occupation, and both he and his wife were members of the Presbyterian (!hurch, and educated their children in religion as well as morality, and all that makes true manhood and womanhood. The parents died at their native place at advanced ages. In 1815, Mr. Graves migrated to the then " far West" and made his first settlement in the town of Prattsburgh, this county. His first purchase was one hundred and fifteen acres west of the village, and to get there he was obliged to pass through an unbroken wilderness. He has since made additions to his first purchase, and now owns the same farm and enough more to make one hundred and fifty-five acres in all. It may be interesting to the young to read of the privations and patience of the early settlers ; hence, the writer will give an incident in the pioneer life of Mr. Graves : For several years he boarded with Josiah Allis, an early settler, the arrangement for his board being that Mr. Graves was to work two days of the week for Mr. Allis as compensa- tion for his board for the whole week, leaving him four days to chop and clear ofi" the timber on his own farm. The first rude log cabin, subsequently supplanted by a framed one, and lastly, a modern residence took the place of the second one, together with the gradual removal of the original forest and the woods, teeming with the bear, the wolf, and the deer, are all matters of interest in the life of the pioneer. In the year 1819, Oct. 20th, he married Hannah Burton, of Prattsburgh. Of this union were born two daughters, Mrs. Sidney Luce (deceased), of Brighton, Monroe Co., N. Y., and Mrs. Francis Briglin, of Prattsburgh. The mother died July 2, 1824, aged twenty-two. For his second wife he married Charlotte Cooper, of Pratts- burgh, Oct. 28, 1824. Of this union were born two sons, Martin Luther and Asher Allis (deceased), and one daughter, Jemima Elizabeth (died young). The mother died May 17, 1843. For his third wife he married, May 23, 1844, Rebecca Sturte- vant, of Prattsburgh, whose portrait may be seen above. She died August, 1878, aged seventy-eight. For sixty-three years Mr. Graves has owned and managed his farm, although for the past fourteen years he has done no labor himself on it, but has resided in the village of Prattsburgh. Born during the latter part of the eighteenth century, Mr. Graves has lived under the administration of every President of the United States. He was a member of the old Whig party, and is now a Republican. His life has been one of quiet and labor, self-sacrifice and industry. He assisted in the erection of the first school- house in - his neighborhood, in making the first roads, and in building the first church edifice, and for over half a cen- tury has been a member of the Presbyterian Church of Prattsburgh. A view of his farm-residence may be seen on another page of this work, showinsr the result of a life of toil. Farm Buildings or LUTHER &RAVt;_ Steuben County, n. y ii TOWN OF PRATTSBURGH. 359 "In 1806, Judge Porter erected wliat lias, in later years, been known as Higby's Mill, occupyinj; the mill-site at the new bridge, across the stream, east, of the present residence of C. G. Higby. At that time Mechanic Street was lined on both sides with a dense forest. The same year, and while Prattsburgh was yet included in Bath, Mr. Porter was elected justice of the peace and Esquire Curtis con- stable. The assessed taxes for township No. 6, 3d range, were $1.25, of which amount Squire Curtis paid five cents." RELIGION AND EDUCATION. We have already seen that the early settlers of Pratts- burgh made it their first care to provide for themselves the institutions of religion. When but two families composed the community the head of one was a minister of the gos- pel. A few years later almost the entire population of the town were emigrants from New England. In coming here they were influenced by the same motives which inspired their predecessors first to settle in the New World, — that is, to establish in the wilderness the institutions of religion and free government. Among such a people we should natu- rally look i'ur the .school as occupying the second place to the church. Accordingly, in this community educational matters were early thought of, and such provisions made as time and circumstances permitted in a new country. " In 1812, in advance of the act of the Legislature re- specting common schools, there were four .schools, volun- tarily established and sustained by the individuals of their respective neighborhoods. The principal one of these was in the village of Prattsburgh, — a small school-house, stand- ing hard by the church, in true New England fashion, and probably upon the precise spot of ground now occupied by Ezra Bramble's shoe-shop. Near by, and directly in front of the old church, was a clear spring of never-failing water, where these literary tyros would duck their heads and wash down their tough doughnuts. Another school-house was near the present residence ol' E. H. Hopkins, in the Waldo district, the third in the vicinity of the Bridges farm, and the fourth in what is now Wheeler. These school-houses were the private property of the inhabitants, and, like all the schools of that day, were faulty and insufiicient for what were felt to be the wants of even those times. "After the passage of the common-school act the town was divided into a number of school districts, in accordance with its provisions, and a manifest improvement in the character and teaching of the schools was the result. Still, with this measure of improvement, they were felt to be deficient, the great difficulty being to obtain qualified teachers. " The school-house which stood upon the site of the pres- ent residence of Edwin Wilson was built in 1810, and contained the village school till 1839." FRANKLIN ACADEMY. The subject of establishing an academy at Prattsburgh began to be seriously discussed as early as 1822. Sub- scription-papers were put in circulation, — one to raise the necessary means to erect a suitable building, another to create a permanent fund for the support, in part at least, of the school. In 1823 a sum deemed adequate was found to have been subscribed, and that year trustees were ap- pointed and arrangements made for the erection of the building. Considering the few inhabitants then in Pratts- burgh, the amount raised was liberal, being about S2000 for the erection of the building and between 83000 and $4000 for the support of the school. The ground upon which the academy stands was purchased of Judge Porter. The building as originally erected was 52 by 32 feet and two stories in height, surmounted by a cupola or belfry. " Who in this beneficial efibrt is entitled to the greatest share of praise would prove an invidious task to name. Judge Porter was the largest subscriber ; Dr. Niles was a liberal contributor and the most active agent; and it is but just to say that the money that was raised at that time was more the result of his untiring energy and vigilance than of any other one cause. The friends of this institution, and the community which have experienced so largely its benefits, owe to the memory of Dr. Niles a lasting debt of gratitude." The effort that built the academy was a general and united one, and the good resulting therefrom has been like the flowing of a gentle stream. The regents' charter of Franklin Academy bears date Feb. 23, 1821. Kirly in that year the building was so nearly conipleteil as to admit of occupancy, and the first academic term comnienced under the direction of Wil- liam Bjanl.sley. Since th:it time more than half a century has passed away. These years have not been years of un- interrupted prosperity in the fortunes of Franklin Academy, for, like all else, the institution has had its days of darkness. These, however, have been cumparatively few : its career has been generally prosperous ; and probably from that day to this there has not been a moment's regret, or even a dis- appointed anticipation, in the minds of any of its founders. In 1827 the fortune of this institution was deemed ade- quate, and its future success seemed to demand a .separate female department. That year witnessed this beneficial change. Upon the application of Hon. Grattan H. Wheeler, the Legislature, in 1828, made an appropriation of $2000 for the purpose of founding an academic library, which has been of great benefit to the institution and to the community. In 1868 the academy was merged in the Franklin Acad- emy and Union Free School, and has since been conducted under the provisions of the Union Free School law. It still maintains a high order of scholarship. PRINCIPALS. The following are the principals of Franklin Academy from the establishment of the institution : Election. Exitus. 1824. — Rev. William Bcardsley, A.M 1S28. 1828.— Eli Eddy, A.M 1S29. 1829. — .Seymour Oookins, A.M 1831. 1831.— Rev. Oliver S. Taylor, A.M., M.D 1834. 1834.— Rev. Samuel Schaffer, A.M 183o. 1835. — Rev. ,Iobn Humphrey, A.M 1836. 1836.- Rev. Horace Woodruff, A.M 1839. 1839.- Rev. Flavel .S. Oaylord, A.M 1845. 1846.— Curtis C. Riildwin, A.M 1846. 1846.— Hon. Scth li. Cole, A.M 1854. 1854.— Charles L. Porter 1855. 1855.— AViUiam U. Jackson, A.M March, 1858. 1858, March.— Wm. S.'Searles, A.M July, 1858. 1858, July.— Wni. Kreutzer, A.M " 1859. 360 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Election. Exitus. 1859, July.— W. D. Taylor, A. B July, 1860. 1860, " SherrilE. Smith, A.B March, 1866. 1866, March.— N. W. Ayer, A.M July, 1867. 1867.— J. C. Whiting : 1868. 186S.— G. E. McMiister 1869. 1869, August.— J. Weslev Eddy December, 1869. 1869, December.- S. F. Bagg 1871. 1871, July. — E. Wiluiot Cuuimings November, 1871. 1871, December.- Paul C. Howe March, 1872. 1872, March.— H. A. Smith July, 1872. 1872, August.— A. J. O.^born 1874. 1874.— James A. Christie 1877. 1877.— W. F. Gelslon 1878. 1878.— Frank E. Wells» ORGANIZATION. Prattsburgh was formed from Pulteney, April 12, 1813, and contained at that time half of the town of Wheeler. Subsequently half of the township adjoining on the west wa.s added to it. The half-township taken from this to form Wheeler was detached in 1820, and since then the boundaries of the town have remained unchanged. The first town-meeting was held on the 1st day of March, 1814, at which Joel Pratt, Jr., was elected supervisor. CIVIL LIST. The town records having been destroyed by fire and those in Bath being deficient, we have been unable to get a com- plete list of the town oflicers from its organization. We give below all that we have been able with the utmo.st dili- gence to find. The early rolls of those who took oaths of office at Bath are for the most part lists of names and dates, with no mention of the town attached to them. We find that Stephen Prentiss was supervisor, and Isaac Ainsworth collector, in 1824. Mr. Ainsworth was also collector in 1823. Then there is a blank, so far as Pratts- burgh is concerned, till 1827, after which the list is as follows : Supervisors. 1827. Robert Porter. . 1828. Barrage Kioe. 1829. " " 18.30. " " 18:il. 1832. " " 183.3. " " 1834. 1835. Daniel Burroughs 1836. 1S37. Aaron Pinney. 1838. " " 1839. " " 1840. J. H. Hotchkin, J 1841. John L. Higby. 1842. " 1843. " 1844. " " 1845. John F. Williams 1846. John C. Higby. 1347. " 1848. " " 1849. Aaron Pinney. 1850. " " 1851. Joseph Lewis, 1852. John Anderson. 1853. John F. AVilliams 1854. Joseph Lewis. Justices. (No record.) Collectors. Sylvester Alderman. a it Jacob Wilson. S. A. Johnson. Harry Clark. (No record.) S. A. Johnson. (No record.) W.VanValkenburgh Thomas W. Bailey. Aaron Pinney. E. B.Woodworth.Jr. Marcus T. C. Higby. r. (No record.) Ezra Chapin. Seth Miner. John Smith. Abner P. Lyon. Isaac Vermilya. J. F. Williams. (No record.) H. B. Eddy. J. F. Williams. Asa Hopkins. Wm. E. S. Noble. Orris Briggs. Jerry Allis. Josiah Allis. Jerry AUis. Supervisors. Justices. Collectors. 1855. G. Denniston. John Smith. Henry Nefif. 1856. " ' J. K. Fenton. it a 1857. it ' C. J. Clark. David Smith. 185S. John F . Williams. H. B. Eddy. ti it 1859. " " D. N. Aldrich. Hiram Wygant. 1860. " " J. C. Clark. J. W. Williams. 1861. " " Harvey AVeld. Erastus B. Miller. 1862. " " H. B. Eddy. " " 1863. " it Jasper Partridge. it it 1864. William B. Pratt. George McLean. John W. Williams. 1865. " Daniel D. Waldo. " 1866. ti George McLean. ti ,( 1867. it Ephraim Kidder. E. C. Eddy. 1868. " Daniel D. Waldo. John W. Williams. 1869. " George McLean. Bcnj. B. Austin. 1870. H. B. Williams. (No record.) Edwin Wilson. 1871. D. W. Baldwin. Ephraim Kidder. Charles F. Greoell. 1872. Martin Pinney. (No record.) William Cook. 1873. " " Diiniel D. AValdo. " 1874. a it (No record.) Jas. A. Middleton. 1875. '• It James Bennett. John A. Bonney. 1876. Henry A. Hopkins. Charles Shults. A. E. Green. 1877. " " Elijah Allis. Charles H. Briglin. 1878. Martin Pinney. Daniel D. Waldo. C. J. Clark. CHURCHES. Garrett Winnie. * All the above, with three exceptions, are college graduates ; but we are not able to give the proper titles of the last eleven. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF PRATTSBURGH. The first religious service ever held in the town was by Rev. John Niles, at the house of Jared Pratt, in the year 1803. Mr. Niies became a resident of the town in the autumn of that year, and held his first religious service on the Sunday following his arrival. From that day to the present the people have never been without the preaching of the gospel. The barn erected by Jarcd Pratt in 1804, and which was the first frame building in the town, was used as a place of public worship until the erection of the first meeting-house. The following is the record of the organization of the first church : "Bath, June 26, 1804. " On this day and year of our Lord I, Timothy Field, Pastor of the First Congregational Church in Canandaigua, organized a Church of Christ in the district of Bath, at the house of Mr. John Niles. " TiMOTHV Field." The conclusion of the articles of organization of the church reads : " In testimony of our assent to the above Confession of Faith and Covenant, we have hereunto subscribed our names, at Bath, this twenty-si.xtb day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and four. "Joel Pratt, Martha Tuttle, John Niles, Dorcas Niles, Samuel Tuttle, Mary Hull, Pomerov Hull, Han.nah Niles, Salisbcky Burton, Sarah Curtiss, William P. Curtiss. " The following persons not being able to attend when the church was constituted, subscribed the Confession of Faith and Covenant a few days afterward : "LvDiA Beach, Olive Burton, Marv Pratt, Almira Tuttle." John Niles and Capt. Joel Pratt were chosen to attend the Association of Churches of Ontario at Middlesex, June 10, 1806, and unite with that association. In the years 1806 and 1807 a large number of settlers came, most of the ^^t^c-tyt^^ Joseph G rover Sturhevant was born at Caldwell, N. J., Feb. 25, 1807. He was a descendant of John Sturdevant, son of a London silversmith, who in colonial times emigrated from England to Con- necticut. The line of descent is 1st. John; 2d, James; 3d, John; ■1th, Joseph G. The great-grandfather and grandfather were both fanners. The former died in Connecticut; the latter, in Pennsylvania. John, father of Joseph G., was born in Norfolk, Conn., April 12, 1776. He was the seventh son in his father's family of twelve chil- dren. Physically he was more delicate than his brothers, yet possessed of patient, quiet industry and perseverance. That, joined with his poetical tastes and love for intellectual pursuits, enabled him, despite unfavorable circumstances, to obtain a very good education. This he turned to successful account as teacher from time to time during his varied and eventful life. His wife, formerly Mrs. Crane, daughter of Joseph Grover, a Pres- byterian clergyman and missionary in Western New York, was born in Parsippany, N. J., Jan. 2, 1777. Their three children were also born in that State, — Harriet (now Mrs. Eleazer Ililer, of Michigan), in 1,104; Joseph 6., in 1S07 ; and Miss Abbv Sophia, of Prattsburgh, in 1815. John Sturdevant served in the war of 1812-14 as a colonel of the United States troops quartered at New York, in which city he was for several years a merchant, also a marshal, and keeper of a State prison. He removed to Virginia; afterwards to Bristol, N. Y'. ; and from thence, two years later, to Prattsburgh, where he purchased a saw- mill and seventeen acres of land. To this himself and son made additions from time to time until his death, which occurred Sept. 22, 1854. His wife died in Ohio, at the residence of her son, Zenas Crane, March 22, 1802. Joseph 6. Sturdevant failed to receive the more liberal education of a college course, which, providentially denied to the lather, the father most naturally craved to enjoy in his son. The lad of seventeen, when his father settled in the wilderness of pines then bordering Prattsburgh Creek, was, like many another son, not the exact type of his father's desires, yet none the less a real and creditable type, and the headstrong, micbanical genius of a boy who slighted college tutors proved himself a ready and apt pupil of life's finest masters, — experience, obj-ervation, energy, and conscientious- ness. His nature was at home among the hills and jiines and invig- orating hardships of a jdoncer life, none of which he feared or shunned. Socially fond r»f questions and argument, lie was well kno^\n in all the local debating schools of the period, and, as his sister often told him, would "always be on the opposite side, anyhow." Later he became a constant reader not only ed" the current news of the day, but .also of universal history, and njuch of the best literature, past and present. Few are blessed with a heller memory, or more clear, general intelligence, which he could al will bring to hear with much humor and force. Possessed of much constructive ability, he enjoyed nothing better than a rush of business, with a generous force of men at his command, and whose confidence and affection he always won. Most stubborn when driven, but gentle when led. He also had a keen relish for, and judgment ot most of the tine arts, of which he was an excellent critic. He was married in Ohio, Aug. 29, 1833, to Rebecca, daughter of Robert and Esther (Carlin) Mahan, born in Washington, Pa., Nov. 15, 1811. For many years they lived on their farm, erecting fine buildings, and gradually fitting it for agricultural purposes, though his main business was manufacturing lumber from the pines. In early times he often obtained but five dedlars per thousand for best lumber. This had to be hauled by the wagon load over rough roads, mostly to Canandaigua and Geneva; later it was shipped by way of Keuka Lake and Erie Canal to Waterloo and Seneca Falls. Their children were seven in number: Mrs. W. A. Farris, of Cin- cinnati, Ohio; Robert Austin, of Prattsburgh, in jiossession of the homestead and mill; John; Harlan P.. of Blufl' Point, who served for thiee and a half ycais as a Union siddier in the late Rebellion, passed unwounded through many severe battles, and was honorably discharged after being a prisoner at Libby and Millan,and having sev- eral months of experience with the terrors of Andersonville ; Milton G., who died June 11, 1870; Ella 11., wife of Mortimer Blood (de- ceased), of Italy ; Miss Samantha, of Prattsburgh ; and Celia D., a lovely child, who died at eight years of age. In politics Joseph G. Sturdevant was a Democrat, and earnest sup- porter of the Union. Though often neiuiinalcd for a leading office in his town, he never consented to serve more than one term. He was modest and unostentatious in all his ways, and many remain who could testify to his high sense of justice, his jicrsistency in what he considered right, his strict integrity and unselfishness in all business transactions. In religion, though nominally n Ba|itist, his simple, yet broad Christian faith made him remarkably tre e fre.m all sectarian |ireju- dices : he seemed rather possessed with a feeling of brotherhood, good-will, and benevolence towards all branches, and every good cn- terjirise of the great Christian Church. A few months before his death he purehaseel and fitted up a house and lot in Prattsburgh village for a home of retirement in declining years. This he deeded to his wcll-bcloveei wife who survives him, and where', with her daughter and his sifter, she continues to reside. There, in the stillness, linked about by long arms of ancient apple-trees, life's evening shadows gathered very soein. As an old tree cannot always endure transplanting, so to him the relief anil removal from life-long see nes of labor anel care filled his heart with homesickness, which he was too brave to admit but which, doubtless, in part induced the prostrating fever that cneled his life. Aug. 25, 1872, his waiting spirit calmly returned to God who gave it and the home prepared beyond. TOWN OF PRATTSBURGH. 361 heads of families being members of the Congregational Church, drawn thither by the expectation of a good re- ligious and civil society, and forming a homogeneous popu- lation. I have but to mention a few of them that you may see that they gave shape and tone to the future of the church and town : Robert Porter, Abiel Linsley, Jesse Waldo, Sam- uel Hayes, Elias Hopkins, John Hopkins, Gamaliel Loomis, Elam Bridges, Aaron Cook, James F. Judson, Ebenezer Rice. The names of Burton, Hubbard, Prentiss, Johnson, and others also now appear in the roll of the church. The first of these, Robert Porter, probably did more for the church and town than any other man, excepting Capt. Pratt. He was a graduate of Yale College in 1795, and studied for the ministry, and from 1803 to 1806 was prin- cipal of Hamilton Academy (afterwards Hamilton College), Clinton, N. Y. His brother was the celebrated Dr. Noah Porter, of Farmington, Conn. The others were originally from Connecticut, of the best Puritan stock. '• There were giants in those days." " As might have been expected from such people as the pioneers of Prattsburgh, they early set about erecting a house for their public worship. So they resolved in 1806. " The site selected, and afterwards built upon, was upon the public square, and near the southeast corner of it. At first they determined that this house should be constructed of hewn logs, a plan particularly displeasing to Capt. Pratt. At his suggestion the constituents of what was afterwards the Prattsburgh Religious Society met to review their pre- vious decision, but after interchanging their own views, they came to the same conclusion. Mr. Pratt retorted upon this embryo society the anathema pronounced against those who dwelt in ceiled houses, while the temple of the Lord laid waste. Then this people met for a third time, and for the third time agreed to build a log church. Capt. Pratt cut short the proceedings of this meeting by seating himself at a table and drafting a paper, in form as follows : "'Bath, Feb. 23, 1807. "'We, the subscribers, being desirous of erecting a house for the purpose of accommodating the society for public worship, do promise to pay unto Capt. Joel Pratt the sum opposite to our names ; to be paid on the completion of said house, in case there can be a sufficient sum subscribed. Said house to be .32 by 22 feet. " To this 416 added his name, and the sum of $20, and before twenty-four hours had run round, he presented the paper, and had actually obtained a subscription in a greater or less sum from the head of every family within the town- ship, when the aggregate sum of $220 was found to have been subscribed, which was considered adequate, and which built the first Congregational church of Prattsburgh. Two years later this house was found too small to accommodate the congregation assembled each Sabbath ; then it was lengthened bj' adding 18 feet to its east end, making its proportions 22 feet by 50 feet, with upright timbers possibly 9 feet in height. " This church was never, either in its exterior or interior appointments, much of a feast to the lover of fair architec- tural proportions. Painting never adorned it. It had an entrance at each end, by what was at first centre doors, but afterwards they were pu.shed to one side ; entering from the west end, one passed about one-third the length of that 46 •50 feet aisle, when he would reach the space occupied by the pulpit, which was then stuck to the northern wall like a bird's nest ; nor was this church ever in one stead for a great length of time. In 1820 it was sawn asunder from the ridge of the roof, and the one half of the building was moved 11 feet north, and the intervening space built up anew ; so it remained till 182S, when it was superseded by the completion of the present church edifice." The religious society was not organized properly till Nov. 16, 1807. The following is the article of incorporation : "To all to whom it may concern, be it known that after legal noti- fication had been given for the purpose of forming a religious society in the sixth township, third range, in Steuben County and State of New York, the inhabitants of said township met at their place of public worship on Monday, the 16th day of November, 180.7. " By the unanimous voice of the meeting, Deacon Enoch Nilcs and Deacon Abiel Linsley were chosen Inspectors. " Voted, secondly, that the society be called Prattsburgh, and that six trustees be chosen, who are ever after to be known by the name of the Trustees of the Prattsburgh Religious Society. And, fourthly, that Enoch Niles, \Vm. P. Curtiss, John Hopkins, Jesse Waldo, Josiah Allis, and Joel Pratt, Jr., be the trustees of said society. " Be it known that we, the inspectors of the election above recited, do certify that the above is a true statement of the proceedings of the meeting. In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals. "Abirl Linst.ey, "Enoch Nii.es." Then follows the permission of Judge James Faulkner for the recording of the above articles, dated April 18, 1808, and the certificate of the county clerk. The record continues : " The trustees of Prattsburgh Religious Society met the 18th day of May, 1808, at Ira Pratt's house, and considering it necessary for the welfare of the society that a regular system of proceedings be ob- served in all affairs relative to the society, have instituted the following articles as their guide : Article 1. Whenever any person shall make application for uniting with the society, he shall be accepted by paying into the society's fund a sum that the trustees shall consider proportionate to his property and privileges. Articles 2, 3, and 4 refer to the fund notes. Article 5 reads, ' The money arising from the use of the fund shall be appropriated only for the support of the gospel ministry of the Presbyterian or Con- gregational order.' " It will be seen from this that either of the above forms of church government were included in the original plan of the founders of the church, the Presbyterian being named first. The following resolution brings to light the fact that the fiithers kept Saturday night : " Voted, Oct. 11, 1808, that the members of the church will not attend raisings, or other similar associations, on Saturday in the afternoon." Deacon Loomis was diligent in prosecuting all who traveled on Sunday in the township. For many j'ears the religious aspect of the town formed its most distinguishing feature. " Previous to the organization of the church, Mr. Niles led in the public worship. After its organization he was elected its standing moderator, and more frequently preached. His 362 HISTOKY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. health became in a great measure re-established, and he re- ceived ordination June 11, 1806, from the Ontario Asso- ciation. He was employed as a stated supply for one-half of the time at Prat.tsburgh and the other half at Bath, till the spring of 1808, when he received a call to settle at Bath, and removed there with his family. From this time until the next April the church was mostly without preach- ing, when Eev. James H. Hotchkin visited them by re- quest, and received an unanimous call for settlement, and was installed pastor Aug. 16. 1809. The membership of the church novr reached 61, — 52 having been received by letter and 9 on profession of faith. With the installation of Blr. Hotchkin began a new era in the church. A pastoral relation which continued thirty years and nine months is an uncommon event, and brings with it a long train of blessings. I should judge from the minutes that Mr. Hotchkin was a very prudent man and an organizer as well as an able preacher of the gospel. His formative influence may be seen down to the present. time. Oct. 2, 1812, " It was voted that in view of the church it is expedient that the ministers and churches in this county become connected with the Presbyterian Church of the United States, provided the churches may be allowed to tran.sact discipline in the congregational way ;" and at a meeting of the church, April 12, 1813, the delegate to the association was authorized to vote for the dissolution of the association, with a view to a connection with presbytery, and provided this was done, to request Geneva Presbytery to take this church under its care. At a meeting of the Presbytery of Geneva in April, 1813, the following minute was adopted ; " The presbytery are of the opinion that a union with the ministers and churches of the Ontario Association is highly important, as it will combine their influence in pro- moting the great interests of the Redeemer's kingdom ; and they cordially invite the said ministers and churches to unite with the presbytery by adopting the confession of faith and form of government of the Presbyterian Church. But should any of the said churches find it most for edifi- cation to continue the practice of receiving and rejecting members by vote of the brethren of church generally, in- stead of a session of ruling elders, the presbytery do not consider that any bar to the contemplated union, and are willing they should continue the practice as long as they shall deem it expedient." On the 25th of May, 1813, the aissociation met in Pratts- burgh and adopted the following resolutions; '* Whereas, It appears from Itie Holy Scriptures of imraen.riTH and Jas. H. Hotchkin, Jr. "On reading and filing the petition of Bishop Smith and Jas. H. Hotchkin, .Jr., residents of the territory hereinafter mentioned and described, for the incorporation of saitl territory as a village, by the name of the Village of Prattsburgh, which territory is bounded and described as follows, viz. : Beginning at the southeast corner of lot No. 53, in township No. 6, in the third range of townships, in said county of Steuben ; thence west 60 chains; thence north 106 chains and 66i links; thence east 00 chains; and thence south 106 chains and 66i links, to the place of beginning, containing one square mile. And on sufficient proof, showing that the act passed by the Legislature of the State of New York, on the 7th day of December, 1S47, entitled 'An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Villages,' has in all respects been duly complied with, so as to entitle the said territory to be incor- porated as a village — " Ordered, That the said territory be, and the same is, incorporated as a village, by the name of the Village of Prattsburgh, if the electors thereof shall consent thereto, according to the provisions of the act so passed by the Legislature of the State of New York, aforesaid, and that Addison Ainsworth, Abram I. Quackenbush, and Whitman Smith, three of the Inspectors of election of the town of Prattsburgh, in which the said territory is situate, be, and they are hereby appointed In- spectors, to hold and preside at an election, which is hereby ordered to be held within said territory, for the purpose of obtaining the assent of the electors of the said territory for the incorporation thereof as a village, by the name of the Village of Prattsburgh, according to the provisions of the net aforesaid; and they are ordered and directed to perform all the duties required of them by the pro- visions of said act. "Dated this 8th day of November, 1848. *' D. McMaster, Judge. " H. L. COMSTOCK, ) r ,. . t' *'A. D. Read, J "STEirBEN COUNTV, 8S : *■ I certify that I have examined the certificate and notice of the holding of said election, and the affidavit of the posting of such notice, and am satisfied that all the proceedings in respect to notify- ing and holding the meeting therein mentioned, canvassing the votes given thereat, and making such certificate, are legal. '' D. McMaster, Coimti/ Jiu/rivate ; enl. Jan. 20, 18G4, three years. Brown, Albert C, private; enl. Jan. 20, 1864, three years. Galagan, Francis, private ; elil. Jan. 23, 1804, three years. Ballard, Cyrus, private, S6th Regt. ; enl. Jan. 19, 1804, three years. Tlinmpson, Isaac, private: enl. Jan. 19, 1864, three years. Kinsman, William J., private, SGth Regt.; must. Jan. 19, 1864, three years. Dreniard, John C, private; enl. Feb. 11, 1864, three years. Austin, Charles C, private; enl. Jan. 19,1864, three years. McCain, William, private; enl. Jan. 23, 1804. Liirins, John, private ; eid. Jan. 19, 1864, three years. Vaughn, Dallas, private; enl. Feb. 1, 1804. Guy. Benjamin, private, SGtli Regt., Co. I; etil. March 6, 1864, three years; killed at the battle of Plymouth and buried on the field. Conner, Andrew R., private, 85th Regt., Co. I ; enl. March 6, 1864, three years. Waldo, William Alby, private, lS9lh Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year. Chase, Jefferson J., private ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year. Adams, Isaac, private; enl. Sept. 10, 1864, one year. Lines, Reuben R., private, 189th Regt., Co. II ; enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year. Price, Blathew H., private, 161st Regt., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year. Retan, Nelson, private, 161nt Regt., Co. A; enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year; disch. Aug. 28, 1865. Morrow, Robert D., private, 189th Regt., Co. H; enl. Sept. 10, 1804, one year. Cole, George B., private, ISOth Regt., Co. H; enl. Sept. 10, 1SG4, one year. Spears, J.acob, private, 34th Regt., Co. I; enl. May 22, 1861, two years; re-enl. 189th Regt., Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864, one year: disch. for disiibility. Taylor, Isaac A., private, 189th Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year. Guy, James Alva, private, 34th Regt., Co. I; enl. May 22, 1861, two years; re-enl. I89th Regt., Co. U, Sept. 3, 1804, one year. Prentiss, John, private, 101st Regt., Co. A; enl. Sept. 3, 1S64, one year; disch. (by general order of May 20, 1805) at Tallahassee, Aug. 28, 1865. Moon, Owen G., 189tli Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year. Dunn, Jephtha, private, ISOIh Regt , Co. H ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; died in Stanton hosp., AVashington, D. C, of disease. Prentiss, E. Angelo, private, lOlst Regt., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year. Brush, William H., private, lS9lh Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 3, 18G4, one year. Mahan, William J., private, 161st Regt., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year. McCorncIl, James H., private, 161st Regt., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804. one year. Roberts, Thomas S., privale, 189th Rigt., Co. II; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; disch. before leaving the barracks at Elmira. Burch, Delos H., ISOth Eegt. ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year. Lee, Erastus David, private, 101st Eegt., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; disch. Aug. 28, 1865, at the e-\piration of enlistment. Green, Daniel H., ISOth Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year. Willit, Almerou, private, ISOth Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year. Knapp, Lewis, enl. Sept. 24, 1864, one year. Barron, James, enl. Aug. 24, 1864, three years; sub. for Mathias Bedell. McCullun, John, enl. Sept. 1, 1864, three years ; sub. for Delos R. Bedell. Hess, Heiiiy Reuben, private, 16!st Regt., Co. A ; enl. August, 1863, three year.". Tripp, George, private, 161st Regt., Co. A; enl. Aug. 23,1862, three years; died at Elmira, Nov. 23, 1862. McConnell, Joel Aiusley, private, 161st Regt., Co. A; enl. Sept. 1,1862, three years. Brady, James Robert, private, 23d Regt., Co. A ; enl. Apiil, 1861, two years. Gibson, John, 1st lieut., leUt Regt., Co. A; enl. Sept. 1862, three years; severely wounded at Sabine Cross-Roads, La.; must, out at expinition of term. Dart, Henry, private, 34th Regt., Co. I ; enl. May 8, 1861, two years; slightly wounded at Gaines' Hill ; diich. May 8, 1863. Smith, Henry, private, 161st Regt., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 25, 1862, three years ; disch. for permanent illness, Feb. 1864. TOWN OF RATHBONE. 381 Simerson, Bariiet, private, 189tli Inf., Co. H; enl. Nov. 3, 18C4, one year; diecli. June 9, ISGo. Hill, Peter AiMlorson, priv;tte, IGl^t Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 1802, three years; died Sept. G, ItsGi, in liosp., :thd whs buried nt Baton Itouge, La. Retnn, Sylvester L.. privute, 161st InC, Co. A ; oiil. Aug. '^2, 1SG2, Iliree ye.ire. Ketao, Anson, private, 161st Inf., Co. A; enl. Aug. 28, 18G2, three yearns; shot through the heart at the siege of Port Hudson, May 29, 18G3; buried in the woods near Port Hudson. Shuart, Bradley King, private, 161st Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 21,1862, three years; died in general hosp., May 31, 18G4, and buried in the hospital biirying- gi-ound at Baton Rouge. Dunn, George Cam, private, 161st Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 30, 18G2, three years; disch. Sept. 21, 18G5. Finegan, David, private, 34th Inf., Co. I ; enl. April 19, 1861, two years; disch. June 30. 1SG3; re-eni. sergt., 2ath Cav., Co. M, July 1, 1863, three years. Finegan, John, sergt., 34th Inf.; enl. April 21, 18G1, two years; wounded at Antietam and Fredericksburg; pro. to sergt , Oct. 1S02; disch. April 18, 1863, by reason of wounds. Harris, Nathan, private, IGlst Inf. ; enl Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch. June 6, 1863, protracted illness the cause. Lee, James E., private, lUlst Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22,1862, threo years; died in New York City, Dec. 3, 18G2; buried in Pultenoy. Clark, Lewis, private, 161st Inf., Co. A; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; died at Baton Rouge, in general hosp., Jan. 13, 1863; and buried in hospital buiying-ground at Baton Rouge. McCarrick, James R., private, 34th Inf.; Co. I ; enL May 3, ISGl, two years; disch. from service on account of protracted illness, April 27,1863. Lamphear, John Armstrong, private, IGlst Inf., Co. A; enl. Aug. 1862, three years. Russel, William, private, 161st Inf ,Co. A; enL Aug. 30, 18G2, three years; trans. to Washington, D. C, June 6, 1SG4. Babcock, John, private, 161st Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, throe years; died of sniallitux. Den.2S, 18G2; buried in Pultenoy. Godfrey, Charles Dwight, curp., IGlst Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22, 18G2, three years ; died of tvphoid fever, Nov. 28, 1862. Whitehead, Aaron, Jr., private, 1st Art., Co. E; enl. Sept. 22, 1861, three years ; disch. Oct. 11, 18G2, at Lniory Hospit.il, Washington, I). C, by reason of disability. Sinsebox, James W., private, IGlst Inf., ('o. A ; enl. Aug. 25, 18G2, threo years. Brown, Charles W., private, IGlst Inf., Co. A; enl. Aug. 30, 1862, three years; died of typhoid fever, Dec. 3, 18G2. Spears, -Alonzo, private, 148th Regt, Co. I ; must. Sept. 5, 1862, three years. Spears, Andrew, private. Pierce, Oluey, private, l^jth Regt., Co. I ; must. Sept. 15, 18G4, one year ; disch. July 1,1865. Drumm, Esbon, private, 188th Regt., Co. B; enl. Sept. 23, 18G4; disch. July, 1865. Gload, James Deles, private, ISSth Regt., one year; disch. July 1, 1864. Pierce, Jesse B., private, 15th Eng., Co. I ; cnL Aug. 29, 1864, one year; disch. June 29, 1865. Pierce, Charles Ithiel, private, 50lh Eng., Co. A ; enl. Feb. 22, 1864, three years ; died- Aug. 15, 1S04, in hosp. at Washington. Pierce, Peter Cashing, private, 50tli Eng., Co. A; enl. Jan. 1864, three years; disch. June 28, 1865. Pierce, Albert, private, 141st Regt., Co. H; enl. Aug. 1862; wounded at battle of Peach-Tree Creek ; died July 21, 1864. Ellis, Robert (alias Robert Dunn), private, 21st Cav., Co. E ; enl. threo years, Lounsberry, William, jirivate. Davis, William Edward, private, IClst Regt , Co. A ; enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Eggelston, William, private, 34lh Regt., Co. I; enl. April 21, 1861, two years ; re-eol. sergt. 161st Inf., Co. A; Aug. 25, 1SG2, three years; severely wounded in the neck at Sabine Cross-Roads. Wagstaff, George Henry, sergt., IGlst Inf., Co. A; enl. Aug. 21, 1SG2. threo yeai-8 ; died at Baton Rouge, Feb. 26, 18G3. Seeley, Benjamin Franklin, private, 161st Inf., Co. A; enl. Aug. 25, 18G3, three years; disch. Aug. G, 1SG3; died Aug. 20, 1863. Ho rton, Joseph Robert, private, IGlst Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22, 1SC2, three years ; trans, to Washington, D. C, into thi Vet. Res. Corps. Pinneo, Charles Adelbert, private, 2d Mounted Rifles; enl. Jan. 18G3, three years. Rarick, Abel, private, 161st Inf., Co. A; onl. Aug. 21.1862, three years; disch. on surg. certificate of permanent tlis:ibility, Jan. 23, 18G3. Prentiss, William Augustin, private, IGlst Inf., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; wounded at Spanish Fort ; disch. at Elmira, Sept. 8, 18C5. Prentiss, George Stanly, corporal, IGlst Inf.; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; pro. to sergt.; to 2d lieut., Jan. 1,1865 ; wounded severely at Saldno Cro.'is- Roads; also wounded in b-ft hand by collision on the Mis>issippi; disch. at Marine U. S. A. general huspital, March 28, 18G5,by surgeon's certifi- cate of disability. Neagns, Wilson, private, IGlst Inf.; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; must, out Sept. 20; disch. Oct. 16, 1865. Fay, James, private, 34th Regt., Co. I; euL April 22, 18GI, two years; disch. by must, out, June 15, 1863. Lounsberry, Jolin, private. ( Ransom, Peter, private, 161st Regt., Co. A ; enl. Aug. 22, 18G2, three years ; disch. Oct. 17, ISGo, at Tallahassee, Fla. EATHBONE. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The town of Rathbone was formed from Addison, Cam- eron, and Woodhull, Mar. 28, 1856. It lies in the interior of the county, south of the centre ; its surface consisting of high, rolling upland, broken by the valleys of the Can- isteo River and a branch of Tuscarora Creek. The upland is from three to four hundred feet above the valleys. In some places, naked and precipitous ledges of rock crop out on the sides of the declivities, but the soil is chiefly a clayey and shaly loam, with alluvium in the valleys. SETTLEMENT. The first settlement in the town of Rathbone was made by William Benham, a mile above the ea.st line of the present town, on the left bank of the Canisteo River, in 1793. James Hadley is also said to have settled farther up the valley, near the west side of the town, about the same time. Samuel Benham entertained travelers on the Benham place as early as 1804. Abel White, who was for many years known as the most successful trapper and hunter in the town, settled on the flat, a mile above the village of Rathbone, on the right bank of the river, in 1804, and on the 24th of June his son, Luther White, the first white child born in the town, and now a leading citizen of Cam- eron, was born there. Far from neighbor.-*, the early set- tlers were subjected to hardships which made an encounter with wild beasts an affair of little importance, if victory was gained by the hardy pioneer. The river was alive with fish, which gathered in shoals at the riffles, and were easily caught. Shad ascended the river annually in large num- bers. At night, two men, one with a torch and the other with a rude spear, would take in a short time as many fish as they could carry away. It was easy enough to live, but bread had to be earned. For this purpose small clearings were made, while the remaining land was left for years covered with the original growth of the forest, affording protection to wild beasts, who gathered nightly around the little clearings and made the night hideous with their calls. In 1806, Solomon, brother of Isaac Tracy, and Benjamin Rin-ira made the first improvement in Rathboneville, by 382 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. building a double log house in what is now the east end of the village, where they lived together while clearing the upper portion of the flat, near the bridge. Across the river, Lsaac and Jonathan Tracy built the first saw-mill in the town, a few rods from the mouth of the stream which bears the name of Traey Creek. In 1816, Mr. Tracy added what was then a grist-mill, but is spoken of by the old men of to-daj* as a corn-cracker of doubtful capacity. Mrs. Tracy was a sister of Jeremiah Baker, of Canisteo. The earliest marriage recorded is that of Peleg Cole to Polly, daughter of Isaac Tracy. Martin Young, a native of Germany, was an early settler in the Canisteo Valley, joining the Addison line. In 1814 his son, Peter Young, located a mile below Rathboneville. At that time his grandson, Martin B. Young, who is still living, was ten years of age. Moses Powers settled two miles above Tracy's, on the left bank of the river, and, in 1815, taught the first school in the town. Jacob Cook lived near the present flouring-mill of Rathboneville in 1810. Zephaniah Townsend and Thomas Maybary were early settlers in the west part of the valley, near the bluff" known as " The Narrows," where he kept " entertainment," as did nearly ail the early settlers along the river-valley. Abner Chase, the pioneer preacher, who visited the valley, for the first time, in 1812, relates that in making his first trip up the Canisteo, through an almost unbroken forest of pine and hemlock, intermingled with oak, he inquired at a little log cabin if he could be kept for the night, and was answered that they were in the habit of entertaining travelers. They pro- ceeded to turn his horse upon the grass down by the bank of the river. A few minutes after a peddler, who was passing through the country exchanging his goods for furs and deer- skins, drove up, and also stopped for the night. Before they lay down for the night the family informed them that they might hear the howling of wolves or screech of a panther during the night, but not to be alarmed, as they could not break in. They also informed them that rattlesnakes some- times crept up from under the floor, but they might sleep upon the crossbeams, upon which was laid a piece of rude flooring overhead, supporting a pallet of straw, upon which they were to sleep, out of reach of the snakes. Zeno Sellick occupied the valley farm joining the west line of Rathbone, in 1825. His son, John Selleek, was an early .settler in the Northrup Settlement. John Helmer, who was the first settler above the May- bery place, gave the name of Helmer Creek, which flowed through his farm and emptied into the Canisteo River from the north. Just out of sight from the river, on Helmer Creek, is the only cheese-factory ever erected in Rathbone, under the management of the proprietor, John Adamson, whose father settled on the river below, in 1845. This fac- tory was first opened in 1875, and has been steadily increas- ing its business since its erection. A short distance above the cheese-factory may be seen the foundation of a large shingle-niill long since burned. Cameron Mills, five miles above Rathboneville, was so named by the post-oflBce department when a portion of the old town of Cameron, and when transferred to the new town of Rathbone still retained its old name, although causing much confusion in the mails thereby. This place was first known as Hubbardville, Daniel Hubbard, an enterprising man from Broome County, having erected and operated the first flouring-mill in the town, near the present mill, and also opened a store. This place has received many additions, and is at present a beautiful little hamlet, containing, besides the mill, two blacksmith- and wagon-shops, a store, saw-mill, a fine hotel near the neat little depot, a school-house, located in a fine grove of oak and pine, which has been reserved and fitted for a park and picnic ground, and seventeen fine residences. Wm. Crawford, whose residence, just opposite the depot, overlooking the river, is the most prominent, is the son of an early settler, and the merchant of the place. John Toles is a prominent business man of the place. Below, towards Helmer Creek, Jonathan Rowley was an early settler. Among the early settlers was also Benjamin Northrup, located on the high, rolling land in the west part of the town north of the Colo school-house, in what is now popularly known as the Northrup Settlement, previous to 1829. His sons, George, Mo.ses, James, Peter, and Norman, and their descendants, are leading citizens in that part of the town. Thomas Allen, from New Jersey, a man of remarkable mathematical capacity, but without education, at an early day lived on the town line of Cameron and WoodhuU, and moved out of town, into another room, when displeased with the action of the assessors. Col. Franklin B., and his brother, Chauncey P. Hubbard, built a water-mill in the heavy, unbroken forest, on the north branch of Tuscarora Creek, and opened roads in 1829. Their near neighbors to the north were Isaac Merrill and Benjamin Norttirup. The Cole school-house was built on the land of Jacob Cole, who settled early on the hill, four miles south of Rathboneville. The first schonl-house, built of logs, was replaced by the present red school-house, about 1852. Re- ligious meetings were held on this ground as early as the first school, and have been continuous. When Jacob E. Cole, who still occupies the old homestead, came, in 1847, there were but few paths, and' much of the original forest was still untouched. Stephen Gloyd, who had recently came from Massachusetts, settled near the Cole school- house, where his .son, Delos Gloyd, lives, in 1846. He was one of the first elected justices of the town of Rath- bone. Harvey Fultz was an early settler between the school-house and Woodhull village. Most of these hill lands arc covered with hard timber, while the ravines and lower lands back from the river were large bodies of hemlock, much of which is still standing. The higher bluffs along the river were the home of the whortleberry, which lay in rich blue clusters under tha straggling chestnut pines, where resorted the dangerous rattlesnake, both snakes and berries disappearing together as the land became more generally cleared. The hardy lumberman, living in his temporary hut with his companions, working in midwinter with bared arms, and the collar of his red flannel shirt turned back from his muscular neck, clambering over logs and through the knee- deep snow, cutting logs for thirty or thirty-five cents per thousand feet, and spending his money with a recklessness e(iual to that with which he dares the falling trees or flying limbs, has given place to the quiet farmer, perhaps his son, TOWN OF RATHBONE. 383 and in his old age sits quietly by the fireside, or attends to feeding the stock of the farm during the long, idle winter months. Rail-making is almost entirely abandoned ; the broad zigzag lines of fence, which have since the early set- tlement furnished the growing-place for raspberries and blackberries, are fast rotting down, and being replaced by more modern fences of wire or boards. There are four saw-mills in that part of the town south of the river, one of which contains a planing-, lath- and shingle-mill. Seth Cook, the proprietor of this mill, is one of the earliest settlers, and one of the oldest lumber- men in the town. The gospel lot of one hundred acres, donated by the Pulteney estate to the first religious organ- ization in the original town of Woodhull, is in Rathbone, joining the Woodhull line, and is farmed by the society, thirty acres of wheat having been grown on the newly- cleared portion in 1878. The early elections were held on Bonny Hill, at the May- bery tavern, which was a prominent place of gathering for years, and at Addison. The first bridge was built on the old county road, but after being carried off by a flood, the crossing was changed to Baker's, in Cameron. This made it inconvenient for teams in liigh-water, but a man on horseback could still follow the old way of crossing (with knees in the saddle), or lead the horse behind a canoe. There are four river-bridges in the town. EATHBONEVILLE. As seen from the east, towards the cemetery, the village of Rathboneville, the principal settlement of the town, presents an individuality of appearance characteristic of the enterprise of its citizens. From the church on the right, which stands out in bold relief against the only cleared slope in sight, a succession of large business houses extend across the narrow valley to the river's bank. First, just beyond the church is seen the little brown depot, beside which rise the tall wooden structures comprising Burgett's Hotel and Burgett's business block, extending across the west end of the public square, each three stories in height, and hiding completely the street on which are the remainder of the buildings comprising the village. To the left of this street, near the river, rises the first brick block in the vil- lage, and one of the finest in the county. Tiiis block, built in 1876, is occupied.by Whitmore Brothers & Co., of whom Orman S. and Keyes Whitmore, who commenced business here in 1845, were the original members. A few rods farther down the river the large flouring-mill built by Henry Rathbone, in 1855, occupies, with its out-buildings, the south side of the square. On the bluff acro.ss tlie river, and nearly 500 feet above, the farm-buildings of Kitchell Lyon are visible over the mill. Upon the street beyond the square are located the remainder of the business houses, and beyond, the few fine residences comprising the remain- der of the village, shaded by closely set maples 40 feet in height, and extending to the bridge, a quarter of a mile distant, which leads to the saw-mill and farm houses whore once stood the Tracy mill of 1806. Surrounding the vil- lage is a circle of hills, too steep to be cleared, and covered to their tops with a growth of young pine and bare walls of rock. Upon their summits are fi,ne faiming lands, well tilled, and occupied by an industrious and hardy people, who have for the second time removed the pines from some of their lands, where lumbering first began fifty years ago. A road was opened up the valley at an early day, and its few citizens led an idle life, or worked hard for pleasure rather than profit, until about 1828, when it began to be learned that some gain might be had in rafting the logs cut from trees near the banks of the river to the nearest mills down stream, or selling them to some speculator as they lay upon the banks. The work of cutting logs was hard, but when they lay upon the skidways it required but little ready cash to buy them. The first real business of the town began with the advent of Gen. Ransom Rathbone, who came in 1842 and engaged in lumbering, opening the first store in the town on the ground now occupied by Burgett's Hotel. He also opened the first hotel in the place, which was kept byCjohn R. Jones. } A post-office was opened, and received the name of Rathboneville. Business activity began to be manifest on every hand. Lumbermen came into the valley, and joined those who already resided there in the ta.sk of re- moving the forests of pine, felling the tall trees in almost inaccessible positions upon the face of the bluffs, where (when once fallen and cut into logs) it required strong hands and brave hearts to unloose them and send them thundering into the valleys below. High upon the hill-tops, too, were cut thousands of logs, which had to be placed in the valley. Bare, smooth roads, descending in straight lines and bordered by thick young pines, mark the path followed by these logs as they were rolled off at the top, and hurled with terrific force down the steep hill-side, wear- ing away the solid rock to a depth of several feet, and striking with such force as to split logs two or three feet in diameter, or send them spinning across the frozen river in a manner as dangerous as startling to the beholder. Among the prominent men of those days were Martin B. and Capt. James Young, James H., Isaac, and John Mills, Joseph Loughry, A. H. Kinney, a merchant of the town, and first station-agent, Whitmore Brothers, Henry Rathbone, and F Goff, farmer and lumberman. It was Maj. Rathbone, a citizen of this town, who received the assassin's knife, while intercepting the murderer of President Lincoln. The people of the surrounding country came into the Canisteo Valley to buy and to .sell, and in this valley were collected the popular gatherings of the day. The boisterous revelry of travel up and down the valley added to the tumult, and furnished the groundwork for a name of law- lessness which attaches to new settlements. Yet this valley was remarkably free from crime. The earliest meetings were held here ; and in Rathbone, Cameron, and all the valley towns from Corning to Arkport and Dansville, relig- ious services were held as early as settlement was made. Of the early .settlers, men of hardihood, whose physical natures were developed by the surroundings with which they battled, many were early recorded as members of Christian churches, and those still living are respected members of society. The only destructive fire which has visited the village burned the store of H. W. Rathbone and the Good Templars' Hall. in 1853. But little shipment of butter was made at this station previous to 1860, since which date it has been a 384 HISTORy OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. constantly-increasing product of the surrounding farms. Much of the products of Jasper and WoodhuU find an out- let through this village, which contains a fine church, about 120 inhabitants, and seven stores, besides the usual trades. In 1874 a fine cemetery was laid out, half a mile below the village. These grounds were donated to the Methodist Episcopal society by Stephen Mead, and were dedicated by the burial of Ella C, daughter of John H. Hasten, — a leading member of the Methodist Church and business man of the village. ORGANIZATION. The town of Rathbone was formed March 28, 1850, and on the 6th day of May a special election was held at the house of David A. Fulnier.«, for the election of town officers. The town was named in honor of General Ransom Rath- bone, father of the first supervisor, and the ofiicers elected were William R. Rathbone, Supervisor; George W. Young, Town Clerk; Israel Horton, Stephen Gloyd, Justices of the Peace; Edmond L. Peckham, Superintendent of Common Schools; Lucius Parker, Commissioner of Highways; Geo. Northrup, Jonathan Bromley, Uri Scofield, Assessors ; Geo. Barber, George Harrington, George B. Davis, Charles Rey- nolds, Timothy T. Brooks, Constables; Abram Rodgers, James Northrup, Overseers of the Poor ; Seth Whitmore, Ira Boyer, William P. Barron, Inspectors of Election ; Samuel Edmonds, Collector ; Samuel Mitchel, Town Sealer. There were 243 votes cast at this election. William C. Cummins was appointed assessor to fill vacancy of Uri Sco- field, who declined to serve. The town board at this election were C. H. Cool, George C. Lloyd, George W. Young, and Seth Whitmore, Jr. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1856. Wm. R. R,athbone. George W. Young. Samuel EJmonds. 1857. Curimander H. Cole tt tt William Young. 1858. AVm. R. Rathbone. tt It James Crawford. 1859. George Northrup. James B. Y'oung. " 1860. it tt George W. Y'oung. Samuel Pha?nix. 1861. A. H. Kinney. tt tt •' 1862. George C. LloyJ. tt tt tt tt 1863. " tt tt tt t. 1864. (( u tt It tt 1865. John Miles. tt tt Israel Horton. 1866. George W. Young. Aug. F. Timernmn. William Y'oung. 1867. " " " Dan'l J. Chittenden 1868. " " James B. Y'oung. Charles H. Wattles. 1869. t* n Aug. F. Timerman. Franklin Harder. 1870. tt It Northrup V. Young. William H. Warner 1871. " " (t tt ii tt 1872. 1. Ira Stevens, Alanson Planchard, Darwin A. Cole. Edson Ripley, 23d N. Y. Inf ; died in service. Israel Washburn, 23d N. Y. Inf John Boothe, 23d N. Y, Inf Eugene Martin, 23d N, Y, Inf, Elijah Monroe, 23d N, Y, Inf "William H. Warner. THURSTON. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Thitrston, formed from Cameron, Feb. 28, 1844, is an interior town, sitnated sonthcast of the centre of the county. Its surface consists of high, rolling upland, chiefly, forming the dividing ridge between the Conhotton and Canisteo Eivers. The streams are Stockton Creek, in the northwest part of the town, and Michigan Creek, in the south, flowing in deep, narrow ravines, bordered by steep hill-sides. The soil is chiefly a shaly and gravelly loam. EARLT SETTLEMENT. In the northwest corner of the town of Thurston rises a high ridge of hills, north of Stocking Creek, and occupying a portion of the town, comprising sis square miles, separated from the remainder of the town by a deep, narrow ravine, known as the Gulf This gulf is impassable, except at a single point at the south, where is a flat of some six acres, occupied by the steam saw-mill of A. E, Tost, and the usual accompanying residences. The Gulf above is narrow and dark, from 300 to 400 feet deep, and filled with the original growth of hemlock and hard timber. The hill is high and quite broken. It was on this high land that Luke Bonny and William Smith made the first settlement in the town, in 1813, Mr, Bonny received much encour- agement from the land-ofiBce, and was awarded the job of cutting a road from Bath south, through the town, crossing Otter Creek at Eisingville, The hill on which he settled still bears his name. In 1823 his widow was living in the valley below, where ho bad previously died. Anderson Carpenter, brother of Timothy Carpenter, settled near the Methodist Episcopal church, in the north- west corner of the town, in 1S13, and he, too, died almost alone in the wilderness. He was killed by the fall of a tree, in 1817. Amos Dickinson, whose sons, David, Samuel, and Amos Dickinson, are well-known residents of the town, settled near Anderson Carpenter, in 1S14, moving from Bath to that place. Joseph Fluent joined them in 1S17, and the next year (1818) was married to Fanny Dickinson. These were the first persons married in Thurston. David Smith, brother of William, and father of Mrs. Gay, came in 1S22. In 1826, Harvey Haliiday, Jacob Parker, John and Boanerges Fluent, and John Stocking had joined the settlement on Bonny Hill. The first school was taught by Caroline Vinan, in 1818, near the present school-house. A school-meeting was called in 1S2S, and SlOO were appropriated to build a frame school-house, 20 by 24 feet in size. In December, at a special meeting which was called to buy a stove, it was 386 " voted that all hardness and quarreling in this district shall cease from this date, and we shall live in peace, as neighbors ought to do," This frame school-house was the old red school-house, still standing near the church, in which the early meetings were held, and which was re- paired and painted red in 1848, Harlow Smith, for many years a prominent and highly- respected citizen of Thurston, came from Hector in 1826 and settled on Bonny Hill, His son, Pitt M, Smith, the only remaining member of the family, still lives in the town, near the old Bonny place. Moses D. Depue, father of John S, Depue and A, R, Depue, now of Bath, but for many years leading citizens of Thurston, fettled on Bonny Hill in 1830. Stephen Aldrich, with his sons. Warner M., Thomas S,, Stephen, and George, — one of whom, Warner, was mar- ried, — came from Rhode Island and located in the south part of the town in 1822, Thomas Aldrich still occupies the old homestead between Risingville and the little sheet of water known as Friends' Pond, so called from the fact that these early settlers were of the Society of Friends, Rev. Mr. Tripp used to come from the East to preach with them at the settlement The older members of the family are still respected members of the Society of Friends and leading citizens. Leonard Aldrich, who was elected asso- ciate judge in 1S7-, is a son of Warner M. Aldrich. Stephenson Pugsley settled half a mile southwest of Ste- phen Aldrich. From this high rolling land may be seen the cleared hills beyond Merthautville and Risingville, and the still higher lands of Bonny Hill, to the northwest. William and James Jack, from Cecil Co., Md., were also early settlers near the Friends. AVilliam Jack still lives on the farm where he first cleared an acre of land in 1822, and returned to Maryland for his family, moving with slow- going oxen and camping at Campbelltown while he cut a road to his form. James >«', Jack, the veteran school- teacher of the town, and Christie A, Jack, who occupies the old homestead, are his sons. Samuel Fisk, who came in the same year, occupied the joining lot towards the east. Amos, Ethias, and Boralis Fisk lived at Merehantville, Ethiiis building his house where Deacon Wm. Merchant lives, next to the old store, and the two others below. There was no one living south between the Friends' Set- tlement and the river, Seth Cook and Arnold Payne, both natives of Rhode Island, were early settlers near Thomas Aldrich, The Goodhue Pond, near this settlement, — which was called New Michigan, — is a deep body of pure water, 1200 yards in length and half as wide, and lying in the southern part of Thurston, northeast coruer of Cameron, TOWN OF THURSTON. 387 and northwest corner of Addison, and is well stocked with a variety of fish. It has alwaj's been a favorite resort. Early settlers came from the north of the town to catch fi.sh in this pond, and pickerel weighing upwards of 100 pounds have been taken from it. It is fed by a subterra- nean spring, and is surrounded by steep hills, upon which are fine farming-lands. This lake was stocked with bass by the fish commission in 187.3. The Cranberry or Friends' Pond, to the west, near the south line of the town, is a bottomless spring, half a mile across. It is located on the top of the dividing ridge, a mile or more from the Canisteo Kiver and five hundred and fifty feet above the river-valley, and is surrounded by rolling lands, which are now well-improved farms. It is filled with pickerel and perch — which are the natural fish of the pond — and is remarkable for the coolucss of its waters. The early settlers resorted here to gather cranberries, which grew in great abundance upon the soft, boggy lands sur- rounding it. M. 0. Keith, who came from Massachusetts in 1834 and settled a mile south of Risingville, near Mr. Jack, was the father of Albert W. Keith, the proprietor of the Merchant- ville mill and a prominent citizen of the town. John Vanderwarker and Henry Forburg made a clearing between Risingville and Merchanlville in 1820, and planted an orchard, which was abandoned, and, growing up to pines, was forgotten. In 1876 lumbermen, cutting this second growth of heavy timber, discovered a part of the apple- trees standing at regular distances from each other. William Hawley settled on the Phillips place, near Mer- chantville, in 1820. Fenner Eddy came from Rhode Island, and in 1832 opened a custom-tannery a short distance below, on the place now occupied by his son, Jeremiah F. Eddy. In 1836, Stephen Aldrich and Fenner Eddy were mentioned often on the town clerk's books as receiving wolf-bounty certificates. The first saw-mill was built by Paris Wheelock, on Otter Creek, near the east line. Lifus Fish was an early settler in the northeast, on a branch of the Conhocton. John Corbett settled on North Hill, near him, and was for years well known throughout the town. Many marshes, or bodies of level, wet land, were found upon the hill-tops in the southern part of the town, some of which still exist, while most of those cleared have been drained, and are rich bodies of land, though small in extent. The lands furnished a variety of timber. The early settlers chose that covered with hemlock, beech, and maple, avoiding the pine lands until lumbermen came in and bought the lands they had rejected, because of the stumps, which never rotted. When these lands were found to be valuable, they were already taken up. Going to Bath to buy goods, or make payments and con- tracts with the land-office ; to Erwin's mill to trade, and to Cameron Corners to attend election and town business; or training at Troupsburgh, were the only pleasure excursions of fifty years ago ; but a variety of occupation was to be had at home, — hunting, fishing, and clearing new land, or searching the deep woods for stray cattle. Edwin Merchant came from Herkimer County, in 1841, and purchasing at the land-office the site of the present village, opened a blacksmith- and wagon-shop in the woods between Wni. Hawley's farm and Fenner Paddy's tannery. In 1845 he built the saw-mill. The opening of the lum- bering settlement at Risingville increased the business of this place, and in 18.54, Alvah Carpenter and 0. P. Alder- man purchased the store of Harley Sears, who moved from Risingville the year before. From that time Merchantville has been a trading-point and business centre. A daily mail is received from Camp- bell, continuing through to Ri.singville, three miles above, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. There arc here four stores, a saw- and shingle-mill, two blacksmith-shops, a wagon- and a paint-shop ; Methodist Episcopal church and parsonage, Christian church, school-house, and twenty- six dwellings. It is located along the north bank of Otter Creek, and is an old-looking village, though neat in appear- ance. To the south, a quarter of a mile distant, a steep hill, extending past the village, rises to the height of one hundred and fifty feet, covered with the debris of fallen timber from which the valuable portion has long since been removed. The surrounding country, though rough and broken, affords a liberal support to the business of the place. In the year 1852, Josephus Turbell, of Goshen, Orange Co., and Charles Osborne, of Corning, bought a large tract of heavy pine timber in the eastern part of the town, and erected a large mill in the valley of Risingville. At this time there was a clearing of some 15 acres in the valley, upon which were two houses, one of which was occupied by Noble H. Rising, and an old seedling apple-orchard, which for the inferiority of its fruit was unrivaled. Campbell — a store, tavern, and platform beside the Buffalo and Corning Railway, seven miles distant — was the outlet. Three miles towards Campbell, in the eastern part of Thurs- ton, was Merchantville, where was a saw-mill, the Eddy tannery, Mr. Merchant's wagon-shop, half a dozen houses, and a school-house, in which meetings were held. The Risingville mill was a leading institution of its kind. Two 40-horse power engines furnished the power. An old- fashioned gate, with a single saw, cut all dimensions of lum- ber to order ; a second cut the sides of the log into boards, leaving the flat body to be fumed down and run through the 30 saws of the " gang," which left it a pile of finished boards, ready to be .stored in the mill-yard, or hauled on wagons to Campbelltown for shipment. A shingle-mill, a picket-saw, a wood-saw, and an " edger" completed the equipment. Some thirty hands were required in and about the mill. A blacksmith-shop was a necessary adjunct. A large boarding-house was built near the mill for the single hands, and dwellings were erected along the road for the families of the married ones. The old Rising House was turned into a boarding-house for the teamsters and choppers in the woods, and large barns were built for the accommodation of their teams. A store, the first in the town, was opened near the mill by Harley Sears. Nineteen houses were erected in the settle- ment, and men began to buy forms and improve them in the immediate surrounding country. A school was estab- 388 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Hshed, and meetings were regularly held by the ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and occasionally by Rev. 0. P. Alderman. A Sunday-school was also opened with a large attendance. A Masonic lodge was established, E. P. Mulford being the first Worshipful Master. Good Templars held their sessions in the same hall, which was in the upper story of the boarding-house, and the " Know Nothings," who were traced to the bushes under the large apple-tree in the front yard, were said to have also held their meetings there. A post-office was opened in 1853, and Noble H. Rising was made postmaster. The white-pine edgings, which accumulated rapidly at the mill, were run out on an elevated railway and thrown upon the ground, until the pile was high enough to extend the temporary track upon its top. When a mound had been formed some 40 feet in diameter, the railway was removed and the pile was fired, to destroy the encumbrance of so much wood. While it was building, the whole settle- ment supplied their fires with fuel from this pile. The business of the town centred at Risingville for several years, through the influence of lumbering, and the yellow paper money of the Bank of Goshen, familiarly called " butter money," with which the hands were paid, became well known throughout the town. Turbell & Co. had some 2000 acres of heavy pine lands, which were gradually made into small farms after the lum- bering ceased. The settlement was finally abandoned, and the old buildings have been removed or fallen into decay. The old mill was destroyed by fire, and has since been replaced by a small grist-mill, the first in the town, which was erected by Eber Fi.sk, in 1874. The principal occupant and present owner of the valley which comprised this settlement is James Jerry, a native of Berthier, Montreal, Canada, who came to the settlement as a sawyer in the mill, but is now one of the most influ- ential citizens and a leading dairy farmer of the town. His residence, on the site of the old house where the log teamsters boarded and held their boisterous carnivals, is one of the finest in Thurston. The family of Thomas Spencer, who came from Springwater in 1853, occupies the Noble Rising place, and a neat little church has been added to the settlement, which also contains a school-house, two stores, and five other residences. Mr. Carty Wright, a farmer, a short distance below the grist-mill, and William and James Hanrihan, who settled in the southwest corner of the town, first came to work in the Turbell mill. John Richtnjyer settled a mile north of Risingville, in 1848. His son, William Richtmyer, is a prominent farmer, and has been supervisor of the town. H. G. Willard was one of the earliest settlers on the hill to the east. There are two cheese-factories in the town, one on Bonny Hill, and another opened in 1875, by John Adamson, in the southwest. Leonard Aldrich and Lyman H. Phillips, residents of Merchantville, have both filled the office of justice of ses- sions. ORGANIZATION. This town was named in honor of William B. Thurston, a member of the Society of Friends or " Quakers," and one of the principal land-owners of the town. At the first annual election of the town of Thurston, held in the house of Joseph Cross, on the present Beaton place, on North Hill, April 2, 1844, the following officers were elected : Joseph Cross, Supervisor ; Noble H. Rising, Town Clerk; John S. De Pue, Henry Briggs, Peter D. Edsell, Arnold Payne, Justices of the Peace ; Henry Rising, James L. Ostrander, Fenner Eddy, Assessors ; William Jack, Amos Fluent, Jared Goodsell, Commissioners of Highways ; Stephen Wakeman, Abijah Youmans, Overseers of the Poor ; John S. Eddy, Collector ; Oliver Stewart, Oliver Baker, James A. Booth, Jefierson Moore, Nathan Stephens, Constables ; Warner A. Aldrich, Samuel R. Creveling, Aaron R. De Pue, Inspectors of Election. LIST OP TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1844. Joseph Cross. Noble H. Rising. John S. Eddy. 1845. Fenner Eddy. " " Bliph.as Fish. 1846. " " Sam '1 R. Crev eling. Stephen Wakeman. 1847. " " " tt it 1848. " tt ' Oliver Stewart. 1849. John S. De Pue. Noble H. Rising. tt It 1850. " " ,i .lohn Roj'ce. 1851. Noble H. Rising. Thomas P. Aldrich. " " 1862. Cornelius Bouton. ' •' .( it 1853. <• it Sam 1 R. Crev eling. Lewis Sears. 1854. John Rojce. Sch- yl'rD. Jo anson John A. Stocking. 1855. " Edwin Merchant. " 1856. John S. De Pue. (( " Clark Babcoek. 1857. H li William Merchant. " " 1858. it li ' tt it it 1859. " " Edwin Merchant. it it 1860. it tt " " tt tt 1861. ti u tt It tt it 1862. It tt " tt tt tt 1863. tt tt It tt tt it 1864. tt tt " " tt tt 1865. tt It It tt Andrew Shauger. 1866. Oliver P. Alderman " " " 1867. Alva Carpenter. Harmon Stevens. James Medowell. 1868. James Jerry ."■^■" Edwin Merchant. Andrew Shauger. 1869. Alva Carpenter. 0. F . Corwin. " 1870. tt tt Smy r A. Whitcomb. •' " 1871. tt tt ." " Seward Aldrich. 1872. Lewis Masters. It " Hen. Knickerbocker 1873. it tt tt (( it it 1874. Lyman H. Phillips. tt tt it it 1875. James Jerry. Orlando F. Corwin. " " 1876. " Kzrn iM. Royee. it it 1877. William Richtmyer tt tt John A. Filkins. 1878. •' " Orlando F. Co rwin. Josiah R. J. Johnson B. F. Stamp. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1844. John S. De Pue. 1851. B. B Bancroft. Henry Briggs. 1852. J. S. De Pue. Peter D. Edsell. 185.3. Eleazer P. Mulford. Arnold Paj'ne. 1854. H. P Clark. 1845. Edwin Merchant. 1855. B. B Bancroft. Warner M. Aldrich. 1856. Jcrrad H. Goodsell. 1846. Joseph Cross. 1857. Schuyler D. Johnson. Abijah Youmans. John Conner. Peter D. Edsell. Henry Briggs- 1847. Benjamin B. Bancroft. John S. De Pue. 1848. John S. Do Pue. Henry Briggs. 1858. H. P J. S. . Clark. De Pue. IS49. Henry Briggs. 1859. Henry Briggs. 1850. Warner M. Aldrich. Jamea N. Jack. * At the regular election Alva Carpenter and Leonard Aldrich, can- didates for supervisor, received a tie votej and James Jerry was elected at a special election. TOWN OF THURSTON. 389 I860. John S. De Piie. 1868. 1861. John Kichtmyer. 1869. 1862. Leonard Aldrich. 1870. 1863. Orson D. Davis. 1871. 1864. John S. De Puo. 1872. Orson D. Davis. 1873. 1865. Andrew Shauger. 1874. 1866. Ljman Phillips. 1875. Leonard Aldrich. 1876. 1867. Orson D. Davis. 1877. Hervey Halliday. 1878. CHUR OHES. Charles E. Richtinyer. Lyman Philli|)S. Leonard Aldrich. Z. S. Helm. Charles E. Richtmyer. Lyman H. Phillips. Leonard Aldrich. Zachariah S. Helm. Charles E. Riolitmyer. Lyman II. Phillips. Henry Morrison. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Rev. Buel Parker is said to have preached in Tliurston in 1814. Meetings were held on Bonn)! Hill in the old log school-house, and in the school-house which stands near the church, soon after its erection in 1S2G. Harlow Smith, Amos Dickinson, and their families, were among the early members. Joseph Marrow was the first class-leader. Mrs. Gay, daughter of David Smith, one of the first settlers on the hill, is the only original member living. The organization was a partof that of Bath for many years. Rev. Charles Brun- dage came from Allegany County in 1842, and through his exertions the church was erected, and made a free church for all Christian denominations. This church was built by Moses Dudley and Harlow Smith, trustees, on land donated by Rev. Mr. Brundage, and dedicated by Rev. ■ Bab- cock, presiding elder, in February, 1843. Rev. Mr. Brun- dage delivered an anti-slavery lecture in the church soon after its erection, making himself .somewhat unpopular thereby, and causing much local confusion and discussion, which extended to the meeting of the next annual con- ference. The present officers of the church are Pitt M. Smith, Recording Steward ; Joseph Marr, Fred. Keyser, Benja- min Van Gelder, Stewards ; F. Keyser, P. M. Smith, Henry Sprague, John Adams, D. H. Dickinson, Trustees. Revs. Buel Parker, Wm. Henry, Asa Story, Cyrus Story, McElheny, Hoag, Parker, and Ev- erett were early preachers in this part of the town. Present pastor, Rev. M. Davison. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP RISINGVILLE. Meetings were held on the hill near Risingville in the old red school-house, previous to 1841, the pastor supply- ing the congregation alternately with that at some other school-house. There are no reords of a class having been regularly organized previous to 1850. A three days' quar- terly-meeting was held in the Turbell mill, in the summer of 1855, and was largely attended. Services were held in the old Sears store, and in the Aldrich school-house, a mile south, until the mill settlement was partially aban- doned. Afterwards, as the country around became more improved, a permanent organization was effected by the farming community, and in 18G4 a fine church building was erected by Alex. Sutton, Thomas Spencer, McCarty Wright, James A. Booth, A. Shauger, C. W. Martin, and Wm. R. Richtmyer, trustees. Rev. D. W. T. Huntington preached the dedicatory sermon. The following pastors have preached to this class : Wm. Arnold, Cyrus Story, 1852, Wm. E. Pindar; 1853, Day; 1854, A. F. Morey ; 1855, C. Gould; 1856, Sey- mour G. Ryenvault; 1865, W. Woalgemath ; 1866, L. S. Grandon; 1868, D. W. Gates; 1878, J. Knapp ; 1879, John Stevens. Class- Leaders : 1850, John Richtmyer; 1858, Thomas Spencer, and McCarty Wright, present leader. Stewards : 1853, E. P. Mulford, John Richtmyer; 1878, Charles H. Martin, who is also clerk. The present Tru.stees are Au- gustus Tompkins, David Wright, Robert Heckman, Isaac Warrick, Wm. White, McCarty Wright, and Oscar W. Sutton. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP MERCHANTVILLE. A Methodist Episcopal class was organized at Merchant- ville, previous to 1850, by Rev. Wm. Arnold, and consisted of 11 members, among whom were Anthony Collson and wife, John W. Collson, Emma Collson, Clark Babcock and wife, William Merchant and wife, and Annette Terry. A church was built in 1801, during the pastorate of Rev. J. W. Brown, and dedicated by Rev. Mr. Congdon, Presiding Elder. The first Trustees were John Brock, Anthony Collson, H. G. Willard, Eber Fisk, and John W. Collson. Anthony Collson was first class-leader and steward. The pa.stors have been Revs. Wm. Arnold, Charles Bush, 3Ierritt, Countryman, John Knapp, W. W. Mandeville, L. L Grandon, Bronson Covey, Cook, John Knapp, John Stevens. The present officers of the church are Albert W. Keith, Recording Steward ; Lewis Curtis, Class-Leader ; J. W. Collson. N. Sterling, L. H. Curti.s, A. W. Keith, Trustees. There are 20 members in good standing on the church roll. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF THURSTON. This church was first organized at Smith's school-house, in the town of Bath, March 26, 1836, by Rev. G. A. Hen- drick. Afterwards the increase of membership from the south caused a change from Bath to West Hill, in the cen- tral part of Thurston, which occurred March 20, 1842, during the pastorate of Elder E. Fleming. Among the first members were Robert Colyer and wife, Jared Goodsell and wife, Fanny Folsoni, Mahetibal Havens, Adaline Gris- wold, Lydia J. Goodsell, and Harlcy Sears and wife. While Elder Hendrick labored with this church, 44 were baptized and 50 admitted to membership. During this re- vival, Chester D. Kinney and William D. Rutherford were converted. Afterwards they were ordained and became eminent ministers of the Christian Church. Attempts were made to have the place of worship at Bath, on the division of the school district in 1844, which deprived them of a place of worship. In that year Rev. Oliver P. Alderman, who had become a resident of Merchantville, awakened a new interest in the church, making many addi- tions to its membership. The fellowship meetings were then changed to the Aldrich Settlement, then known as '■ New Michigan." In the winter of 1846-47, Elders Kinney and Rutherford held meetings at Merchantville, then called Otter Creek, converting large numbers, and making that the centre of the church in Tliurston. The Merchantville church was commenced in April, and 390 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. was dedicatod June 27, 1852. After the dedication ser- vices were coDcludud, Mr. Oliver Burley aud Miss Jane Hall stood up in the crowded assembly and were united in marriage. The church was built at an expense of $600, by Edwin Merchant, Marias O. Keith, and John Royce, Trustees ; Edwin Merchant donating the grounds. The building was made free for all denominations when not in use by the society. Among the early members here were also Deacon John Rutherford and wife, Levi Peters, Isaac Dewitt, Levi Peters and wife. B. Simmons and PI Merchant were early deacons. The church now comprises 92 members. The present officers are Edwin Merchant, Treasurer and Deacon ; 0. P. Corwin, Cleric ; John F. Keith, Edmond Jones, p]dwin Merchant, Trustees. The following-named pastors liave preached in the church of Thurston, Rev. Oliver P. Alderman, a prominent mis- sionary preacher of the Tioga River Christian Conference, supplying the pulpits of Thurston and Cameron when vacant, since 184-1: : 1836, Gideon A. Hendrick ; 1842, E. Fleming, James M. Westeott; 1844, Jabez Chadwick ; 1846, Chester D. Kinney; 1847, William D. Rutherford; 1848-55, Oliver P. Alderman; 1856, W. D. Rutherford, A. Burlingame ; 1857-64, 0. P. Alderman ; 1865, Bryant R. Kurd ; 1866, Abner J. Welton ; 1867, B. II. Kurd ; 1869--70, Henry C. Wilber; 1871, Wm. K. Stamp ; 1872, Henry Leonardson ; 1873, John H. Carr; 1874, Lewis C. Palmeteer; 1875-77, A. J. Hammond; 1878, Oliver P. Alderman, the present pastor. MILITARY RECORD OP THURSTON. Colconl, Albert, private, 78th Rogt., Co. K; enl. July 9, 1863, threp years. Dickinson, David Harrison, private, 2M Regt., Co. A; enl. May IG, 1861, two years; re-enl. 22d Regt., Co. G, Jan. IG, 1864, three years; disch, Aug. 9, 1865. Dickinson, Francis Asbury, private, 23d Regt., Co. A; enl. Blay IG, 1863, two years; re-enl. 16lh Regt., Co.'C, Dec. 2.S, 18G4; discli. Aug. 25, lS6,i. Stockings, Alva Joliu, private, 161st Regt., Co. F; enl. Aug. 25, 1863, three years. Sliauger, Andrew, 3d sergt., 80th Regt., Co. B; enl. Aug. 18, 1861, three years. Wright, Robert, private, Ist Regt., Co. E; enl. Aug. 22, 1864, one year. Speusl)e, Frank, private, 9Stli Regt., Co. A; enl. Aug. 10, 1864, three months. Booth, Frank, private, 8Gth Regt., Co. B; enl. Aug. 14, 1861, three yeara; disch. by vvonnil. Croas, Mitcliel Fitch, private, 189lh Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year. Stevens, Ilarinun, private, 107tli Regt., Co. F; enl. Aug. 3, 18G2, three years. Bailey, Alexander, Corp., 111st Refit., Co. E; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, th-ee yeara. Downing, TlionuLs William, 2d sergt., 86tli Regt ,Co. B; enl. Aug. 14, 1861, three J'eai-s. Piatt, Willis, priv:it6, 189th Regt., Co. A ; enl. Dec. 1, 1864, one year. Piatt, George, private, 2 id Regt , Co. D ; enl. May 16, 1861. Piatt, Legrand, private, S6lh Regt., Co. C; enl. Aug. 14, 1861; killed at Gettys- burg, July 2,1863. Phillips, Ljman, Corp., 141st Regl., Co. E; enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Gleason, Ezra, 2d lient., 107th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 6, 1862, three years; wouniled at Ant.etani, Sept. 17, 18C2; disch. Nov. 2, 1862. Taylor, William, private, 189th Regt., Co. H; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year. Edsell, Peter Harmon, private, 50th Regt., Co. E; enl. Sept. 2, 1861, three years; re-enl. Dee. 26, 1S61; pro. to sergt., 7th of April; disch. June 13, 1865. Tillett, Richard Thomas, private, 86th Regt., Co. C; enl. Oct. 19,1861, three years; re-enl. Dec. ;;l, 18 i3; pro. to com. -sergt., Oct. 6, 1864; disch. June 27, 1865. Youngs, Blakesley Rufus, private, 23d Regt., Co. D; enl. Sept. 23, 1861, twenty months. Johnson, AlonziJ, private, 107tli Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 1862, three years; wounded at Antietim, Sept. 17, 1862; died and buried on the field. Benedict, Erasmus David, private, 50lh Regt., Co. A ; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, tln-ee years. Sagar, William, private, 107lh Regt., Co. G ; enl. .\ug. 6, 1862, three years. Goodsell, Jerrod Isaac, private, 50lh Regt., Co. E; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years, Johnson, Elijah Anson, private, 189th Regt., Co. H; enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Thompson, Francis Willianj, 141st Regt., Co. E; enl. Aug. 29, 1862, three years; pro. to corp , Dec. 16, 1861 ; died at Chattanooga, Teun. Jack, Washington John, private, 9oth Regt., Co. H; drafted July 1, 1863; taken pris. May 20, 1864, near Fredericksburg; taken to Richmond, then to Andersonville, where lie died, Sept. 2, 1864. Jack, Brownel Uby, priv.ate, 86th Re^'t., Co. B ; enl. Sept. 1, 1861 ; died at home. Jack, Boman, private, 86th Regt., Co. B ; enl. .Aug. 30, 1861. three yeara. Jack, Amur, private, lilst Regt., Co. E; enl. Aug. 19, 1S62, three yeara. Heekmm, Lafayette, private, 1st Regt., Co. E; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year. Keith, ftlerifield Merrel, private; enl. Aug. 29,1864; died at post hosp., City Point, Va., Nov. 21,1864. WiUhelm, Benjamin George, private, 50th Regt., Co. F; enl. Aug. 24, 1864. Royce, Ezra Mirvin, private, 2 td Regt., Co. D; enl. April 1, 1861, two years ; pro. to Corp., July 10, 18 it; taken pris. at .\ntietara; taken to Richmond, put in Libby prison ; exch. ; sent to regt. Nov. 10, 1862. Royce, Matthew, private, 'Gth R!.5t., C ■. H ; dr.ifted July 1, 186!, three years; taken pris. at battle of Wilderness; died in Florence, S. C, Nov. 6, 1864. Elzy, Richard, priv.ite, 3 1st R^^t., Co. II ; enl. D ic. 10, 18G4, three years; sup- posed to lie killei at Petersburg, Jum' 6, 1S64. Burgett, Wilhelin, private, 107th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 1, 1862, three years. Wales, Andrew, private, 107th Rogt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862, three years. Chapman, Baldwin Amos, private, 3J Regt., Co. H; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Diniuny, Emery George, private, 1st Regt., Co. A ; enl. July 1, 1863, three years. Eddy, Fenner Jerry, priv.ite, 189th Regt., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year. Vare, Aden, private, 189th Regt., Co. A; enl. Sept. 1,1864, one year; pro. to sergt., Co. A, 189th Regt., 2iith of March. Babcock, Benjamin Merchant, private, 141st Regt., Co. H; enl. Aug. 20, 1862, three years. Babcock, Hamilton Edgar, private, 189tli Kegt., Co. A ; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year. Caleon, Ezra, private, 3d Regt., Co. H; enl. Dec. 28, 1861, three years ; wounded by accident, April 28, 1864. Youngs, Harrison W., private, 8Cth Regt., Co. I; enl. Oct. 24, 1861, three years. Youngs, John, private, 86th Regt., Co. I ; enl. Oct. 28, 1861, three years. Gleason, D.ivid, private, 107th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 6, 1862, three years, Lovell, James, private, 107th Regt., Co. G ; enl. .\ilg. 6,1862; died of fever at Hope Landing, Va. Smalley, Samuel Stewart, private, 76th Regt., Co. H; enl. Sept. 14, 1862. three years ; taken pris. near the Rapidan ; died in Florence prison. South Car- olina, Oct. 1,1864. Martin, Oscar Eugene, private, 141st Regt., Co. E ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Sears, Edward James, private, 141st Regt., Co. E; enl. Sept. 10, 1862, three years ; died Dec. 8, 1863. Stomp, Frank Benjamin, private, 3d Regt., Co. H; enl. Dec. 28, 1863, three years. Stomp, Aaron John, private, 107th Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 6, 1862, three years; taken prisoner. Beten, Sullivan George, private, 189th Regt., Co. H ; enl Aug. 22, 1864, one year. Beten, Dingley William, private, 78th Regt., Co. F ; enl. Jan. 22, 1862, three years ; killed in Georgia while with Sherman, near Gouldsboro', March 24, 1865. French, Frazier Lewis, private, 111th Regt., Co. I; enl. Aug. 25, 1864, one year. Corbitt, Gilbert Thomas, private, 50th Regt., Co. E ; pro. to Corp., May 1, 1864. Layton, Philip, private, lOTtli Regt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862, three years; wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864. Green, John, private, 107tli Kegt., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862, throe years ; pro. to Corp., Jan. 1, 1865 ; wounded March 16, 1865, at Averysboroilgh, N. C. Demick, Hiram Harrisnn, private, 50th Regt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 6, 1864, one year ; died of chronic diarilioea, Farmersville, Va. Helm, Selah, private, 5iith Regt., Co. E; enl. Sept. 14, 1861, three years; re-enl. 50tli Eng,, Co. E, Dec. 25, 1863, three years; pro. to Corp., 1863; to sergt., April 1, 1864; must. June 13, 186.5. Helm, Ziicliariali Schoumaker, private, 50th Eng., Co. E; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years ; pro. to Corp., Jan. IG, 1802 ; re-enl. SOtli Eng., Co. E, Dec. 25, 1863, three years; pro. to sergt.. May 1, 1864; must, out June 13, 1865. Helm, Jasper Semon, private, 50th Regt., Co. E ; enl. Aug. 30, 1861 ; re-enl. 50th Regt., Co. E, Dec. 25, 1863, three years ; wounded on picket, Aug. 13, 1864, near Petersburg; must, out June 13, 1805. Helm, Henry Montraville, private, 50th Rogt, Co. E; euL Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Helm, James Vangerder, private, 141st Regt., Co. E; enl. Aug. 19, 1802, three years. Felkius, John, private, lS9th Regt., Co. A; enl. Sept. 2, 1864, one year. Skinklc, George, private, 501h Regt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year. Aldricli, Stephen Mifflin, private, 141st Regt., Co. E; enl. Aug. 20, 1862 ; wounded in bead at battle of D.iUas, May 4, 1864. Aldrich, Seward, private, 141st Regt., Co. E; enl. .^ug. 20,1862; wounded in leg. Booth, Levy John, private, 86th Regt., Co. B ; enl. Aug. 27, 1861, three years; pro. to 2d lieut., March 22, 1863; Ist lieut., July 4, 1863 ; died March 31, 1865. Thorp, Charles, private, 107th Regt., Co. C; enl. Aug. 2,1862, three years. Linn, Gidding Lewis, private, Ulth Regt., Co. I; enl. Aug. 22, 1864, one year; disch. at end of war. Linn, John, private, 1st Regt., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 22, 1864, one year ; taken sick at Fort Woodbury, and died Nov. 24, 1864. TOWN OF THURSTON. 391 Bowtrs, Isaac, [irivHtc, Mist Regt., Co. E; eril. Sept. 10, 18G2; taken sick May 2, 1804. Vase, Mann Aaron, privati>, 14Is( Kegt., Co. E ; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, lliree years. Edsell, Edwin Thon ius, private, 7Stli Kcat. ; enl. March, 18G.i, tliree years; died of disease at Fall.s Cliurcli, Aug. 30. 1862. Eiisell, Samuel John, 141st Regt., Co. E; enl. Aug. 1862. Sanford, Drew David, private, lOTth Regt., Co. G; enl. Aug. 6, 1862, three years. Prowty, Grifflth John, private, 14l6t Regt, Co. E; enl. Aug. 26, 1862, three years; died of disease, Nashville, Term , March 3, 1864. Carter, John, private, 21il Regt., Co. G ; enl. Feb. 12, 1804, three yeare ; taken pris. in Georgia ; taken to Andcrsonville prison ; died in prison, Aug. 24, 1805. Dinghy, Roger William, private, 50th Regt, Co. E; enl. Jan. 20,1864, three years. Edsell, William, private, 07th Regt., Co. C; enl. Sept. 19, 1861, three years; died of fever at Alexandria, Ya., July 7, 1862. Dusenbury, De Witt, private, .^Oth Regt.,Co.E; enl. Jan. 14, 1804, three years. Gilkins, John A., private, ISOth Regt., C^o. A ; enl. Sept. 2, 1864, one year; must. out by gejieral order of Sec. of Wai-, May 30, 1865. Beach, C.iriell Williaui, private, Odlh Regt., Co. A ; enl. Jan. 4,1864, three years. Nogar, Henry John, private, 94th Regt., Co. II ; enl. Aug. 14, 1804, three years. Alderman, Melviii, |uivate,4tli Regt., Co K; enl. April 6,1863, three years; wounded in right arm, May 19, 1804; pro. Aug. 1, 1SC5. Kclley, Andrew Jackson, private, 3d Kegl,, Co. U ; enl. Dec. 25, 1S64, three years. Kelley, Abel t, private, 3d Regt., Co. H ; enl. Dec 23, 1864, three years. Vangtdder, Rol)ert, taken prisoner and died. Vangelder, Clinton, private. Peters, David. Harford, Seymour, piivalc, lOtli Regt., Co. G ; enl. Nov. 16, 1801, three years. Colcord, Amos Dickinson, private. Ackermon, John, llorton, Tliomus. BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCH. JUDGE L. II. PHILLIPS. Vulkert Phillips, son of John Phillips, was born in Otsego Co., N. Y. His father was probably born in Hol- land and .settled very early in this country, in Otsego County. He was a farmer by occupation. Vulkert Phil- lips followed farming principally. He married Ruth Hun- gerford, daughter of Rev. James Hungerford, of Ontario Co., N. Y., by whom he had nine children, of whom eight are still living. He settled when a young man in the town of Campbell, and was engaged in working farms on shares. In 1841, he purchased the farm now owned by his son, Lyman H., in the town of Thurston, of Judge Lyman Balcom, of Erwin. In politics he was formerly a Whig, but when the Republican party was formed he became a member of the latter organization. He and his wife were members of the Christian Church of Thurston. He died in 1867, his wife in 1869. Lyman H., youngest son of Vulkert and Ruth Phillips, was born in Campbell, Sept. 15, 1837. He was reared on the farm, and was also engaged in the lumber bu.-iness more or less during the winter. At the age of twenty-one he commenced teaching, i^^ ^^;.a^4/.-^-/C and taught nine winters. He enlisted Aug. 21, 1862, in Company E, 141 st Regiment New York Volunteers. He served till the close of the war. The history of the battles and marches made by his regiment can be seen by referring to another part of this work. He was honorably discharged with his regiment, at Elniira, N. Y., in 1865. He had two brothers in the army, John and James ; both went from the West. Mr. Phillips is a staunch Republican, and has held various ofiBcial positions. He was elected in 1866 as justice of the peace, and still continues to hold that ofiBce. In 1874 he was elected supervisor of his town. In 1876 he was elected Justice of Sessions and served two terms. He married, March 22, 1871. Olive M. Booth, widow of Lieut. John L. Booth (see Jlilitary Record), who died from a disease contracted while in the army in the spring of 1865. Olive M. is the daughter of Ansel J. and Jlliza Parker, and was born at Bath, Nov. 16, 1845. Since re- turning from the army, Mr. Phillips has resided on his present farm of one hundred and twenty acres. Mr. Phil- lips is one of the representative men of Thurston. He takes an active interest in wiiatever pertains to the material or educational interest of his town. TROUPSBUEQH. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. Troupsburgh lies upon the southern border of the county, west of the centre, and is bounded north by Jasper, east by Woodhull, south by the Pennsylvania line, and west by West Union and part of Greenwood. PHYSICAL FEATORES. The surface of this town is principally a hilly upland, broken by the deep valleys of small streams. The higliest summits in the county are in this town. They reach an alti- tude of twenty-five hundred feet above tide-water. Troup's Creek, flowing south, is the principal stream. The soil, which is productive, is chiefly a slaty and clayey loam. EARLY SETTLEMENT. An old citizen has given us the following account of Troupsburgh and some of its early settlers : " In 1808 there was no road on Bennett's Creek, nor on Crosby Creek, nor Big Creek, nor indeed on any creek except Col. Bili'.s Creek. Up this creek, and running to and through Troup.sburgh to Cowanesque, Pa., was a road called the State road, which had been opened by the Pulteney estate, for the purpose of settling their lands. The towns of Woodhull, Troupsburgh, Jasper, West Union, Greenwood, Hartsville, and with very small exceptions, Canisteo and Hornellsville, were an un- broken wilderness. The State road passed up the creek seven miles, following its bank to a place then called Hog- back Hill. It ascended a ridge between Col. Bill's Creek and a small rivulet coming in from the left. Running up the point of the ridge, which was very steep, the summit was gained by no small effort, and the road was on the very verge of a precipice. Whether this peculiar shape of the ridge gave it the name of Hog-back, I never learned. From this point to the settlement in Troupsburgh was eight or nine miles, making the distance from Col. Bill's some six- teen miles of as dense a forest as thousands of years of un- disturbed growth could make it. Here nature had a park of almost boundless extent, into which she had gathered a menagerie which was always on exhibition, and without the usual vexation of a gate or door fee. That old forest chief, the noble elk, still stood at the head of his race ; the lesser lights of the same family were almost without number ; the black bear was everywhere to be found crossing the path of the traveler; wolves in droves sent forth their discordant notes from every part of the wilderness. The panther, wild- cat, and fox seemed to regard the new animal, man, with idle curiosity, and roamed over this magnificent hunting- ground as though the new-comer was an accession to their list of friends. " The first family then on the road was that of Andrew Simpson. He lived in a new log house on the bank of a 392 little stream a short distance north of what is now Jasper Corners, and did a little at blacksmithing in a small way for the settler.s, who were then only a few families. The farm then owned by Sir. Simpson is now a very valuable property. He had several sons, among whom were John, Hiram, and Darius, and a daughter, Minerva, who married Hon. Jeff'rey Smith. " Ebenezer Spencer lived a little off the State road, a short distance before reaching Simpson's. He lived to see the forest become a fruitful field, and bequeathed to his pos- terity not only the fruits of his arduous toil, but, what was vastly better, a name without reproach. He had several children : one of the daughters married Smith Hayes. Spencer soon had a neighbor near him by the name of Wooley. After leaving Simpson's the next house was that of a good-natured, generous-hearted old Dutchman, by the name of Brutzman — they called him Uncle Nicholas ; he had a brother by the name of Adam, who lived a little east of him, at a place afterwards called the Five Corners. Uncle Nicholas had one or more sons, and four or five daughters. The eldest son, John, when I last knew him, was a young man of good habits and much promise. The whole family have passed now beyond my knowledge. "Andrew Craig, in 1810 or 1811, settled a little above Simpson's, on the opposite side of the road, and soon made a splendid farm at or near the site of the present village of Jasper. Mr. Craig was an energetic, enterprising man, and soon began to develop the resources of the region of country where he had located his home. He was the first to introduce the making of butter as an article of com- merce in that town, or in all that part of the country. It soon became a very remunerative business, in which his neighbors rapidly joined. Mr. Craig for some time did the main part of the marketing, by taking the butter for him- self and neighbors in the fall or winter to the Philadelphia market by team. In after-years he was engaged quite ex- tensively in droving, and at one time nearly lost his life b}' the falling of a bridge with himself and drove of cattle upon it. Mr. Craig came out alive, but was ever after, I think, a cripple. He lived to see the third generation of his posterity. Two of his grandsons are largely engaged in the mercantile business in the village of their own making ; one of them (Willis E. Craig) was sheriff of the county in 1867-68. Two of his daughters were the wives of Hon. William Hunter, and one was the wife of Dr. Charles Hunter. " Old Mr. Marlatt soon followed Mr. Craig, and settled a little above him on the same side of the road. Mr. Marlatt had several sons, of whom were John, Abraham, Joseph, and Gideon. John, the oldest, located farther on, near Uncle Nicholas, the Dutchman's. He began in the midst of the cJ^. ^^^^ &*-^^^^ SAMUEL GRIGGS. Samuel Griggs wat' born a! Uootor, Tompkin.- Co., N. \., Feb. 10, l?94. His father, John Grigga, was of Welsh origin, a Revolutionary soldier, taking ]>art in the battle of Bunker Hill, In the retreat after that action he carried Benjamin Chamberlain, a wounded comraile, three-quarters of a mile to safety. This generous action injured his health so seriously that he never after was a well man. By his first wife he had twc children, .Seth and Anna. For his second wife he married Mrs. Tho»ias, whose maiden name was Mary Smith. She was b«>rn Dec. 13, 1756. Of this union were born Samuel, Polly (Mrs. Razey Baker), Caleb, Abigail, and Klijah. Mrs. Griggs survived her husband (who died about 1800, in Elkland, Pa.) many years, marrying a Mr. Smith. She died Dec. 6, 182G, aged seventy years. Samuel Griggs was brought up by his brother-in-law, Samuel Cady, who married Sally Thomas, from the age of nine. Mr. Cady resided in Trciups- burgh. In 1814, Mr. Griggs, accompanied by his brothers Caleb aud Elijah, went to Cincinnati, Ohio. Caleb was soon drafted as a soldier against the English, and Samuel, under the rigid laws of Ohio, was ajt- prenticed to a baker who supplied the array with " hardtack." After two years ho returned to Troupsburgh. where he purchased the farm — one hundred acres — now owned by Philander Wilco.x. He married Amy Church, Oct. I.'i, 1819. She was born in Hillsdale, Columbia Co., N. Y., Feb. 27, I80;i. This union was blessed with twelve children : Sabrina (deceased), born May I, 1820; Harriet (deceased), ,Iune 8, 1821 ; William N., Feb. 8, 1823; Amy Caroline, .Ian. .".0, 182f>; Samuel W., Feb. 20, 1827; Luthor C. (deceased), Dec. 8, 1828: Kho.la P., March 2., 1830; John E. (deceased), Jan. 7, 1832; Wilson S., Deo. 7, 1833; Mary Jane, Nov. 16, 1835; Martha M., Dec. 19, 1837; and Emma Minerva (deceased), Aug 31, 1839. Mr. Griggs had very limited opportunities for education, being selfedu- itated, pursuing his studies at night by the light of pine-knots that he gathered iu the day, and in this, as in other directions, showed the force of his character, qualifying himself, under these disadvantages, as a teacher, and teaching several terms. From his marriage ho employed himself in agriculture, clearing about four hundred acres of its heavy timber. In 1836 he engaged in merchan- dise at Troupsburgh Centre, and in company with his son, W. N., con- tinued in tnidc until his death, which occurred Jan. 9, 1864. Mr. Griggs was a man of marked char.acter, and would have been suc- cessful in any avocation. He amassed a fine proj-erty, giving hi? children the opportunity of commencing life in a different manner from the pri- vations of his early life, when for many days the chief sustenance of the family was " bran bread." Of large business capacity and thorough honesty, he had the entire confidence of the community, and wa** en- trusted with ofiice from his first vote. He held at various periods every office in his town : was supervisor for six years; wa5 elected member of Assembly in 1837, serving with honor to himself and satisfaction to his district. Mr. and Mrs. Griggs joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1828, and never ceased their allegiance to that faith. Hand in hand for many years they walked, giving their personal influence and pecuniary assistance un- sparingly to the cause of religion, and much of the f>uccess of Methodism in this locality is due to their eSbrts. From his lirst connection with the church until his death, Mr. Griggs was steward or cla.«s-leader. Mr. Griggs was greatly interested in the cause of education. He was the father of Triiu]i.sbHrgh Academy, to which he contributed eighteen hundred dollars, and he had the satisfaction of seeing his children well educated, his sons holding various positions of honor and trust, and all, sons and daughters, consistent Christians. His son, William N., is now (1879) the supervisor of the town, which oflice he has heid two terms. Politically, Mr. Griggs was an active Democrat, believing the perpetuity of the Republic depended on the carrying out of the principles of that party, aud that every dovialion from its teachings brought danger to the laud. His sons are also true to their allegiance to the ..-ame principles. Luther Church, father of Mrs. Griggs, was of English descent, and born in Barrington, Mass., in April, 1781. He removed to Madison Co., N. Y., thence to Troupsburgh in 1816, where he died March 28, 1858. He mar- ried Rhoda Darrin in 1802. She was born November, 1784, and died Jan. 17. 1861. This union resulted in fourteen children, Mrs. Griggs and her brothers David. Ira, Luther, and Sylvester now surviving. Mrs. Griggs is, at the age of seventy-six, hale and hearty, carrying her years lightly, and waiting patiently the call to meet her departed husband in the " Better Land." TOWN OF TROUPSBURGH. 393 forest without means, and by perseverance and industry worked himself up to competence and wealth. Two of his sons also engaged in mercantile business successfully. Be- tween old Mr. Marlattand his son John were located Fenton, the carpenter, and McMindes, the tailor. Judge Mallory lived east on the State road, and I think just on the edge of what is now WoodhuU. The judge was one of the earliest settlers ; at what date he settled I am not sure, but he was there in 1808, how much before I do not know. The judge was a man of fine, commanding appearance. Intelligent, social, and generous, he was highly respected, and his influ- ence was felt far beyond the locality of his own neighbor- hood. His three sons — David, Nathan, and Amos — early settled in that part of Troupsburgh known as the West Set- tlement, or oftener, Mallory's Settlement. They were ener- getic, enterprising men, and soon made themselves most desirable and elegant houses in the best j^art of the entire town. The descendants are many of them still there, in some respects filling the places made vacant by their fathers. A daughter of the. judge was the wife of Alan.son Perry, who.se sons are occupying places in society of responsibility and usefulness, among whom Dr. Perry holds a conspicuous place. Alanson Perry settled here in 1808. Near Judge Mallory lived a family by the name of Tubbs. It was the family to which Rev. Robert Hubbard so kindly ministered in the time of the memorable epidemic of 1813. Caleb Smith also then lived in that neighborhood, who had three sons whom I recollect, — Amzi, Ooriiell, and Jeff'rey. The latter of these acquitted himself with honor in the State Legislature from Steuben County, in 184-1, and was a man of influence, respectability, and moral worth in the commu- nity where he lived. The elder brothers, if living, have passed beyond my knowledge. There may have been other children in this family, of whom honorable mention might justly be made, but the writer's acquaintance was at so early a period that he may have inadvertently forgotten them. " After passing our worthy friend. Uncle Nicholas, the next house on the State road was built by Nathaniel Thacher in 1808.* A description of this house will fur- nish a picture of a large class of houses in that wild region at that day. Bear in mind that this was sixty years ago.f There were no saw-mills within five and twenty miles of this settlement ; the roads were over mountains rough and high, and through sloughs and creeks unbridged. It was therefore no small affair to get a thou.sand feet of boards from Tuscarora (now Addison) or Canisteo to Troupsburgh. Besides the pioneers were generally, if not altogether, men of small means, who were braving all the hardships of pio- neer life to make themselves a home in the wilderness. Well, then the house, the model house : " The road runs here nearly north and south, and the house was built on the west side of the road, the ground gently falling to the east and south. It was, I judge, about 20 by 24 or 26 feet; the walls were of round logs, cut within a stone's throw of the site of the building, notched (or ' saddled,' in settler parlance) together at the ends, and thus raised to the height of ten or twelve feet. The beams * Father of Deacon Mowry Thacher, now living in HornoUsville, and the author of these reminiscences. * f Now seventy years, as the above was written in 1868. to separate the stones were of the satpe material, round logs. Rude rafters, made of poles and flattened on one side, were notched into the top logs and pinned together at the top to support the coming roof. Across the rafters were pinned ribs made of round poles, flattened on one side, and sometimes strips split out for the purpose from bass- wood logs or other timber. Upon tlie.se ribs were laid the .shingles for the covering. The shingles were out of the nicest pine, and were some three feet in length. Upon each course were laid large-sized poles to hold the shingles in place. These poles were kept in place by short billets of wood lying between the poles that held the roof down. And now the house is covered and inclosed. The floors were made of bass-wood planks split out from the trunks of the trees, and made as smooth as they well could be on one side by hewing ; doors and partitions of boards ; the chim- ney of rough stone gathered from the adjoining grounds, and made sufficiently wide and deep to admit a log six feet long and two feet in diameter. The house had a very pleasant outlook towards the south, and must needs have a piazza. This was made by extending the beams a few feet beyond the walls and carrying the roof to the outer ends of the beams, and flooring the piazza with the inevitable bass- wood. Such, dear reader, was the home of many a back- woodsman at the day and in the place of which I am speaking, but it was home nevertheless, with its peculiar attractions, though destitute of refined polish or even com- fort. " This farm afterwards became the property of Dr. Charles Hunter, who lived but a few years to enjoy it. A little beyond, and adjoining this farm, lived Jesse Lapham, a good, kind-hearted, and, of course, honest Quaker, with his gentle dame, his son Porter, and his daughter Ruth. I think they remained but a single year, and the premises were soon after occupied by Philip Cady. It became a beautiful farm many years after, in the hands of John Simpson, of whom I have before spoken. From this farm you ascend what used to seem to the writer a very long hill, upon the summit of which, and on the left of the road, lived Elijah Hance. It was, I think, nearly opposite where the cemetery now is (or was forty years since). Of this ftimily I have long since lost all knowledge. I only recol- lect he had one son named Lyman and one John, and one daughter named Cynthia. A little east of Hance, and on a branch road, were Reuben Stiles and Dan Martin. Mrs. Ann Stiles is still living (1879) in Troup.sburgh, at the great age of ninety-five years. " Nearly opposite the cemetery grounds was the firet school-house in Troupsburgh. In the winter of 1809, the school in this house was taught by Abner Thomas ; in the summer following, by Sarah Thacher. In a little valley not far beyond the cemetery, lived an old patriarch, Elihu Cady, a tall, noble figure, and apparently a man of great physical power, but through whose locks, like Schanado's, ' the snows of nearly fourscore winters had already passed.' His companion, too, a healthy, light-hearted, social old lady, had apparently loft her threescore and ten considerably in the distance behind her. This aged couple had entered the wilderness in their old age, with a large family of grown-up children, and endured all the hardships and privations of a 394 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. rough country, lljat they might enjoy the pleasures and privilege of living and dying with their children. They lived several years after this, and were, I suppose, like Ahrahani, buried by their sons. Maj. Samuel Cady, whom the old man used to call his baby, as I suppose he was the youngest, lived a little farther on. upon the rise of ground on the right-hand side of the way. The major stood in the front rank, if not in advance of his contemporaries. He was a man of a good deal of tact and energy, and had be- gun to make ' the wilderness blossom and bring forth fruit for the eater.' There were three other sons in this family, — Peter, Curtis and Philip, — whether any daughters 1 do not recollect. None of that family, I think, remain in Troupsburgh. The farm owned by Maj. Samuel, soon after the time of which I ara speaking, came into the hands of the late Hon. Samuel Griggs, who made of it a most beau- tiful and desirable home. Mr. Griggs, though a few years younger, was really contemporary with the earliest settlers. His home, for a long number of years, was on the Cady farm, though this was only a part of the large landed estate of which he was proprietor. At an early period he entered also into mercantile business, and kept a small, but steadily- increasing stock of goods, till he became a well-known and respectable merchant. He often represented his town as supervisor, and was for many years an acting magistrate, and was at one time one of the representatives from Steuben County in the State Legislature (in 1838). He was modest and retiring in his manners, and yet he was a man of ex- tensive influence in the town where he lived. He was for many years an esteemed and active member in the Methodist Church. One of the sons of this excellent man is now a prominent and successful merchant in his native town. One of the daughters is Mrs. H. Reynolds. There were several other children in this family, some of whom have gone to the land whence none return, and some remain, it is hoped, to fill the place of an honored father. " Andy B. Reynolds, son of Squire Reynolds, occupied next to Mr. Griggs, on the opposite side of the road, and only a short distance beyond. He was a man of consider- able prominence in his early life, being both justice and supervisor for many years. Squire Reynolds was one of the settlers of 1808 or 1809, and located in the hollow, a little off the State road, on the right, upon the road now running from the State road to Troupsburgh Centre. His family consisted of five sons and three daughters. The eldest of the daughters, Martha, married Lewis Hayes, a very worthy man, and also a settler of 1809. From this worthy pair sprang a numerous and respectable family, many of whom are still occupying respectable and useful positions in society. Another of the daughters became the wife of John Simpson. She died in early life, and left several children. One of the sons, I think, is a clergyman, and another a man of extensive business engagements. The third daughter is Mrs. Orange Perry, whose husband is one of the most extensive and successful agriculturists in that part of the county, and whose sons are distinguish- ing themselves iu the same department of usefulness. Of the sons of Squire Reynolds, the oldest, Lent Reynolds, is now dead, and the place is occupied by his son, George Reynolds. Of the sons of Lent Reynolds, five in number, two are clergymen, two have followed merchandise, and the fifth is an agriculturist, and remains at the old home. A daughter is the wife of a clergyman. Harry B., another of Squire Reynolds' sons, was for many years proprietor of the mills at Troupsburgh Centre, a man of respectability and good business talents. He is still living, at an advanced age. Of his family, or of his brother Frederick's, the writer is unable to speak. " Jonathan Rogers was a neighbor of Squire Reynolds, living just across the way. He was a quiet, good citizen, and left a large family, some of whom are still occupying the place of their father, who is gone. " Capt. George Martin, who was also one of the first settlers, located at what is now the Centre, and a few years after commenced the erection of a grist-mill on Troup's Creek, which is something of a stream where it passes the Centre. Martin's means were very limited, and the mill was a rude structure, built of round logs. It was a lame apology for a mill, but it was in good time, and certainly in a good place, as any one would be likely to think who had tlie e.xperience of carrying a bushel of corn twenty miles on horseback to get it ground. In after-years it became the property of Mr. H. B. Reynolds, and was rebuilt and re- modeled, and became an important fixture for the enter- prising owner, and not less so for the many who had, by bitter experience, learned the way to Judge Hornell's mill, in Upper Canisteo. This fine property passed into the hands of Mr. Mallory (son of Nathaniel), and now, with steam added to the water-power, makes an establishment second to few in the country. Upon this original Martin farm stands the very pleasant little village of Troupsburgh Centre. " Upon a pleasant little eminence just above the village and overlooking it stood a very nice and comfortable academy building, a monument of the taste, culture, and sacrifice of the few for the benefit and future good of the many. Great credit is due to Prof. N. Reynolds, of Wellsborough, for laying the foundation out of which grew this enterprise, so much to the credit and honor of his native town. In his first vacation after receiving his degree of A.B. he started a select school near the Centre, which so increased in pop- ularity and numbers that an academy became a necessity. A few generous-hearted men put shoulder to the wheel and consummated the enterprise. The building was burnt a few years ago. "The Mallory Settlement was so called from the three Mallory brothers, who first broke the wilderness in that part of the town and made there as beautiful farms as could be desired in that region. They made for themselves, and left to their children, a competence of worldly goods and the better iiiheiitanco of a good name. There is a place there still known as Mallory's Corners, where a considerable business has heretofore been done in merchandise. Mr. Lewis Biles, of Bath, was about the first in that business at this point. It was afterwards occupied by Lent Reynolds and later by Lewis Bowen, still later by Bowen & Bassett ; but I think it is now abandoned as a place of trade. " On the road running from the Centre to Mallory's Corners lived that well-known and estimable man Zadoc Bowen, father of Mr. E. Bowen, of Hornellsville. Mr. TOWN OF TROUPSBURGH. 395 Bowen, though not the earliest, might yet well be consid- ered as belonging to the pioneers, as but little had yet been accomplished to soften the privations and discomforts of a beginning in the wilderness. The place then occupied by Mr. Bowen is now a fine farm, and was made so, very much if not altogether, by his own persevering toil and industry. He h;is some years since rested from his labors. " Farther on, near the Corners, and nearly contemporary with the Mallor3's, was Elder David Smith, — then compar- atively a youtig man, — who seemed to have entered the wilderness with the double purpose of making a home for himself and rising family and of preaching the gospel to the then almost entirely destitute of that and the surrounding towns ; and in a most praiseworthy manner he accom- plished both objects. Under his persevering industry and skillful management the forest gave way, and in its place arose a most beautiful farm clothed with verdure and flocks. During the six days of labor his hands ministered to his own and others' wants, and the Sabbath generally found him at some destitute point, ready to break the bread of life to the famishing. The forest and field furnished his study, the Bible his library, the whole surrounding country his parish, and his salar}- was the result of his own toil. I think the first church organization in that entire region was the result of his labors. He also preached at all points along the river. At Cameron was quite a church gathered by him, and he often preached in what is now Horuells- ville, and for nearly or quite a year steadily. He finally ■left that part of the country and located in Bath, — a few miles from the village, — where I suppose, if living, he still resides. " Alanson Perry also lived on this road, and had a fine farm not far from Zadoc Bowen's. " Returning, now, and gaining the State road near Squire Reynolds', and going still towards Cowanesque, we come to Richard Philips, who was among the first settlers, but did not remain long in that neighborhood. Near and next to him were two brothers by the name of Lord, who were early settlers, and this was the end of the settlement in that direction. The early settlers forming the nucleus of the Chenango Settlement were James Carpenter, John Miller, and others.* " The early settlers of this region were drawn hither by all the variety of motives which in all parts of the country induce the pioneer to seek the frontier ; but the great pre vailing motive was cheap land and long payments. The Pulteney and other estates were crowding their lands upon the market, and inducing settlement by low prices and long credit. Twenty shillings cash or three bushels of wheat per acre was the standard price of the land, with ten years, or longer if desired, for payment. After 1809 the migration was quite rapid and the lands were rapidly put under contract, the settlers finding it about all they could do to support their families and pay (as they were obliged to do) the taxes, and very few of them did more. Most of them were compelled to let the interest accumulate year after year, till payment of principal became nearly an impossibility,* and after long years of hard toil, privation, ■ See biography of James Carpenter. and suffering, found themselves worn out, loith a family but without a home. Very few, indeed, of the original contractors ever had a deed. They labored truly, and other men entered into and enjoyed the fruits of their labors. The pioneers were a hardy, industrious, energetic classof men, who could endure almost everything to accomplish the great object of their desire, to maket hemselves a home ; but it took the full length of an ordinary lease of life to disrobe the lands of such a forest as covered the hills of Troups- burgh in 1800. Squire Reynolds and his boys used to clear twenty acres a year of this immensely heavy forest, and put it into winter wheat, but he never had a deed, as I think. ' Little Bobby Sharp,' as they used to call him, who lived on the State road near Spencer's, a little bit of humanity, chopped with his own hands more than a hundred acres of those overgrown hemlocks, maples, beech, and elms, the ashes of which would now be worth more than the original price of the land. But I think he never had a deed, at least not of the original purchase. He would clear off quite a farm, sell out the improvements, and begin in the woods again. But the scene after a long half-century has most agreeably changed. The old pioneers have nearly all' gone the way of all the earth. In many instances their descend- ants are enjoying the fruits of their toil and privation. Everywhere in that region is seen the appearance of comfort and thrift. Fine, well-improved farms, comfortable and tasty dwellings, good outbuildings and orchards, all unmistakably tell that, whatever else is or was, Troupsburgh is not a failure." ORGANIZATION. The town of Troupsburgh was formed from Addison, then known as Middletown, and Canisteo, Feb. 12, 1808. Green- wood, then including a part of West Uniou, and a part of Jasper, were taken off in 1827, and the greater part of Woodhull in 1828. The name was given in honor of Robert Troup, Esq., of New York, who succeeded Col. Williamson ;us agent of the Pulteney estate, in 1802. At the first annual election, held at the house of Danie Johnson, near the present village of Woodhull, in March, 1808, the following ofiicers were elected: Daniel Johnson, Supervisor ; Samuel B. Rice, Town Clerk ; Stephen Dol- son. Brown Gillespie, Elijah Cady, Assessors; Uri Martin, William Wooley, Nathaniel Slallory, Commissioners of Highways ; Rezen Searse, Constable and Collector ; Daniel Johnson, Poormaster; Elijah Cady, Second Poormaster ; Caleb Smith, Fence-Viewer; and Domady Prisor, Peter Cady, Overseers of Highways. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supen isore. Town Clerks. Collectore. 1808. Daniel J ubiison. gamut IB. Rico. Rezen Searse. 1809. tt " tt " it tt 1810. " it " " Lemuel Benbam 1811. it " ■' it tt 1812. a " ti tt Charles Card (v.). Wm. Card (v.). 1813. " ti it u tt 1814. u tt tt Square Kcynolds ISlJ). " tt tt Kufus Gilbert. 1816. '< " tt Calvin Serl. 1817. tt tt •' Samuel Cady. 1818. " tt tt it tt 1819. " •' " Samuel Griggs. 396 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 1820. 1821. 1822. 1823. 1824. 1825. 1826. 1827. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1831. 1832. 1833. 18.34. 1835. 1836. 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1S6S. 1869. 1S70. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. Supervisors. Samuel Cadv. Adna B. Reynolds. ii <( Ashcr Johnson. tt «i Samuel Griggs. William Card. Joshiui Slujter. William Card. Orange Perry. tt K Alexander Tucker. Levi Grinolds. Town Clerks. Samuel B. Kice. u tt Samuel Griggs. William Card. Collectors. B. Reynolds. Adna B. Reynolds. tt tt Lent Reynolds. Harry B. Reynolds. Jeffrey Smith. Wm. Slayter. Harry B. Reynolds Ezra Bowen. Chas. Hunter (v.). Griffin Rogers. Samuel Griggs. Bradshaw White. Nathaniel Mallory. Alexander Tucker. Levi Grinolds. tt tt Wm. Ten Broeck. It It Levi Grinolds. tt tt Wm. Ten Broeck. ti tt James B. Murdock. a tt (t it tt it Eleazer Fenton. a It Samuel Olmstcad. Wm. Carpenter. Eleazer Fenton. «f it James B. Murdock. Eleazer Fenton. John G. Lozier. it it li ft a it it it W. N. Griggs. ii K Nathaniel M. Perry it a Willis White. ti It W. N. Griggs. Fred. S. Reynolds. Griffin Rogers. Elijah C4riggs. Samuel Olmstead. Wm. N. Griggs. n ii Richard Capwell. Matthew Rogers. it ii Sol. F. McFarland. Matthew Rogers. (i tt Nelson Card. Byron Jones. Matthew Rogers. Iselton Wilcox. tt it George C. Blake. Matthew Rogers. Henry Simpson. J. F. Brooks. George C. Blake. Matthew Rogers. Willis White. James F. Brooks. Byron Seely. , Marsena Cummings. Wm. Sluyter. Seiluthan Loomis. Lyman Dodge. Griffin Rogers. Charles Fay. Lewis Edwards. Hiram S. Hayes. Emerson D. Shaw. Lewis E. Bowen. Henry Rude, Sr. Harvey S. Webster. Henry Rude, Sr. Benj. Grinolds. David Nucl. Erastus T. Mallory. II tt Leonidas Works. Levi W. Grinolds. Wm. 0. Sluyter. Orson McFarland. David Church. Geo. H. Williams. Eleazer Fenton. Henry Brutzman. Leicester B. Lewis. Eli Bates. Eleazer Fenton. N. Vickery. R. Bates. Wm. W. Card. James Bouton. JtJSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1827. Asher Johnson. Samuel Griggs (4 years). 1836 William Card (3 years). 1837 Joshua Sluyter (2 years). 1830. Samuel Griggs (1 year). 1831. Joshua Sluyter. 1838 1832. Jesse Weldon. 1S39. 1S33. William Card. 1834. Harry B. Reynolds. 1840 1835. Edmon W. Rolison. 1841 Abram Marlatt. 1842 Orrin Shaw. Abram Marlatt. Joshua Sluyter (2 years). Abram Marlatt (3 years;. Levi Grinolds (4 years). , William B. Miller. Thomas W. Bailey. Lyman Dodge (2 years). , Noble D. Ormsby. Levi Grinolds. Cyrus Van Wrakel. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 185L 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855, 1856 1857, 1858. 1859, Stephen Phetaplace.^" Joshua Sluyter."^'' Thomas W. Bailey. Harry B. Reynolds. Levi Grinolds. Lyman Dodge.^= Lyman Dodge. Jonathan K. Ketchum. Harry B. Reynolds. I. W. Bailey .« Rufus Fuller. Parlea B. Miller. J. K. Ketchum. Levi Grinolds.*^' Thomas W. Baily. Griffin Rogers. Alanson Wilson. Stephen Oatman. Levi Grinolds. William 0. Sluyter. Orson L. McFarland. Asa Ward."^ Seymour Sanford. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 18C9. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. Levi Grinold. J. W. Bailey.* W. Wheaton. S. L. McFarland. E. T. Mallory. John G. Lozier. S. W. Wheaton. 0. L. McFarland. H. Simpson. J. G. Lozier. Amos Turner.* Jerry G. Smith. 0. L. McFarland. James Bouton. Eleazer Fenton. Urial Atwood. Isleton Wilcox. 0. L. McFarland. James Bouton. John G. Lozier. W. J. Miller. James D. Bennett.' CHURCHES. REGULAR BAPTIST CHURCH. The first steps were taken towards organizing a church May 5, 1835, at a meeting of the .surrounding Baptist Churches, in a conference held at the house of Rufus Fuller. Rev. Edward Murdock acted as moderator, and Rufus Fuller was chosen clerk. The early record is lost, but the name of Lucinda Harrington is still remembered as one of the first members, and a leading spirit in the church. In 1836 a council was held in a barn, Rev. J. B. Chase being moderator, and David Simson clerk. This meeting re- sulted in the church being accepted by the Association. Bradshaw White was the first deacon ; Rufus Fuller, clerk. The pastors of this society have been : 1836-45, Edward Murdock ; 1845-47, Rev. Byron Hunt. Afterwards, Rev. J. M. Wade, Rev. Edward Murdock, 1866-68 ; Rev. Ira Thomas, 1868-72; Rev. W. P. Omans, 1872; to the present time. Rev. Hudson Seeley. E. J. Hunt and Joshua Murdock were ordained deacons in 1868. Present officers : E. C. Picket, Clerk ; Joshua Murdock, E. J. Hunt, and Bradshaw White, Deacons. Of the 115 present members, the greater portion live in the town of Troupsburgh, together with all the officers named, but the new church is located just over the line, in Pennsylvania. The country having become more generally settled soon after, meetings were also held in the " Chenango Settlement," in the east part of the town, at the house of John S. Miller and others, until 1839, when the school-house was built in District No. 4, and occupied by the society. April 7, 1855, a meeting was held at the school-house, with Elder Warren Rice, Moderator, and Ami Hayes, Clerk, at which it was resolved to organize a separate society, to be celled the EAST TROUPSBURGH BAPTIST CHURCH. Wm. Holmes and Parley B. Miller, father of the present clerk, were appointed deacons. Among the first members were Warren Rice and wife, Wm. Holmes, Parley B. Miller and wife, Peter Dodge and wife, Thomas Musto and wife, * Vacancy. /4r/^,0^v>y Nathaniel M. Perry was bnrn in the town of" Troups- biirgh, Feb. 26, 1817. His ancestors were originally from England, from whence they came to Rhode Island ; thence to Connecticut, where Elialcim, the paternal grandfather of the subject of our sketch, was born. The celebrated Oliver H. Perry was of another branch of this family. Eliakim Perry emigrated from Connecticut to Middletown, Kutland Co., Vt., where he married a Miss Downer. He was a farmer, and a soldier in the Kevolutionary war. Of this union were born five children, three sons and two daughters. Nathaniel Mallory, the maternal grandfather of Dr. Perry, and from whom he received his name, was born in Vermont, about 1752. He Was an ardent patriot, serving in the battles of the Revolution, and was wounded in the service. He mar- ried Keziah Pray, from whom descended Dr. Perry, and the union brought forth three children, all daughters. He mar- ried a Miss Wood for his second wife, whom he also survived, dying in 1828, aged seventy-six years. Alanson Perry, the fourth child of Eliakim Perry, was born in Middletown, Rutland Co., Vt., about 1782. He spent his youth with his father on the farm, married Rachel Mallory in 1806, and in 1808 the young couple came to Troupsburgh, then a forest wilderness, to struggle with others amid toil and great privations until a home was carved from the primitive woods. He did well his part; was a hardy ])ioneer farmer, ever alive to the improvement and best interests of his town, and in his old age enjoyed the result of his youthful toil and the esteem of his associates. In politics he never wavered, holding to the principles of Democracy as enunciated by Thomas Jeffer- son. To this couple were born seven children : Hrunette, in 1807; Harriet, in 1809; Lloyd, in 1811; Nathaniel M., in 1817; Teresa, in 1819; Melissa, in 1821; and Emily, in 1824. All save Brunette were born in Troup.sburgh. Mr. Perry died in Troupsburgh in March, 1849, aged sixty-six years Mrs. Perry died in 1842, aged fifty-seven years. The subject of our. sketch remained with his father engaged in farming until his twenty-first year, receiving his early education at the primitive country schools. At that time he went to study at Middlebury Academy, in Wyoming County, wliere he remained several terms. His school-days over, he commenced the study of medicine with William Hunter, M.D., of Jasper. Graduating at Geneva Medical College in 1845, he commenced practicing his profession in his native town, where he still attends to an extensive practice. He is a mem- ber of the Steuben County Medical Society and Elmira Acad- emy of Medicine, and the only physician in the town. His children are William H., born May 7, 1850 (who was married Aug. 21, 1878, to Addie, daughter of Hon. J. B. Murdock) ; Maria, born Sept. 8, 1852 ; and Kirke, born May 21, 1866. Dr. Perry has always been a friend of jirogress, improve- ment, and educati, at Camp Pmtt, West Ya., by gen.ord. No. 83, A. G, A. Glover, George W., Corp., 96th Regt., Co. H ; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years ; pris. three days; paroled ; disch. Feb. 6, 18G6. IJober, Simeon B., private, 101st Regt., Co. I; enl. March 28, 1804, three years; disch. July 8, I860, by general order No. 77, A. G. A., April 28, 1865. Reunett, Norman, private, 14th II. Art., Co. G ; enl. Jan. 1, lt)64, three years; wounded between C*)ld Harbor and North Anna ; disch. Sept. 6, 1865. Dunham, James M., private, 8Gth Kegt., Co. K ; enl. Aug. 27, 1861, three years ; died at Camp Goodhope, May 19, 1802. Sfaaut, Norman, private, 101 st Regt., Co. 1 ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; taken pris. at Sabine Cross- Roads, April 8, 1804 ; taken to Tyler, Tex. ; exchanged Oct. 23, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 2(1, 1805. White, Inman Bl., private, 861h Regt, Co. F ; enl. Oct. 25, 1801, three years; disch. Dee. 19, 1863; re-enl. SOth Regt., Co. F; Dec. 19, 1863, three years; taken prisoner at the Wilderness, May 6, 1864; taken to Andersoiiville; moved to Florence, Sept. 13, 1864, w here he was last seen in a dying con- dition from starvation. Shaiit, Epliraim, private, 141st Regt., Co. 11 ; enl. Sept. 22, 1804, one year; disch. June 18, 1805, at Washington, D. C. Brooks, John Nelson, private, 14th U. Art., Co. G; enl. Dec. 31, 1863, three years; killed June 17, 1864. Wilkinson, Clarence, private, sub., 120th Regt., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Uct. 27, 1804; disch. Feb. 27, 1865. Miuard, Joseph B., private, 76th Regt., Co. E; enl. Oct 14, 1801, three years; wounded at Sabine Cross-Roads, April 8, 1864 ; died of wounds. Picket, Charles E., private, 179tli Regt., Co. C ; enl. March 31, 1864, three years ; . disch. June 7, 1865, at Fairfax, Va. Murdock, Henry M., private, 17Ulh Regt., Co. C; enl. March 31, 1864, three years ; disch. for di^abil ty, Sept. o, 1804. Abby, George W., private, 189th Regt., (;o. F; enl. Sept. 22, 1864, one year; disch. May 17, 1865, at Elniira, N. Y. Clark, Charles, pr.vate, 1^9tll Kegt., Co. F; enl. Nov. 21, 1864, one year. Allager, John M., private, 74tli Uegt., Co. C; enl. MaicU 28, 1861, three yeais; wounded Slay 5, and died May 7, 1862. Watkins, William R., private, 97th Regt., Co. G ; dr.ilted May '28, 1804, three years; taken pns., March 31, 't>o ; paroleil .\pril 2, '05; d.sch. Blay 25, '65. Thomas, William B., private, loth 11. Art., Co. A ; enl. Jan. 4, 1865, three years; disch. Aug. 21, 1805. Forgerson, Julius W., private, IGlst Regt., Co. H ; dralted Jan. 22, 1864, three yeais; disch. Nov. 12, 1865. Ililbnrn, William H., private, 80th Regt., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 7, 1801, three years; wounded in thigh, also in the head ; died Dec. 12, 1863. Hill, Ilezekiah, private, I9th Regt., Co. I; enl. April 29, 1861, two years; disch. June 2, 1863. Tobias, Jacob, private, liJth Regt., Co. I ; enl. April 29, 1801, two years ; taken I>ris. at Mai tinsburg, Va ,and sent to Richmond ; died in prison, Sept. '61. Steel, Harrison Otis, pi ivate, 101st Regt., Co. H; enl. Aug. IS, 1862, three years ; disch. March 15, 1805. Cummings, William E., private, 161st Regt., Co. H; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; died of disease at Baton Rouge, Aug. 5, 1863. McFall, Uenry, private, 80th Regt., Co. H; enl. Jan. 14, 1864, three years; wounded in shoulder at Petersburg ; disch. for disability, July 26, 1865. Stiles, Reuben, private, 86tli Regt., Co. E ; enl. Aug. *29, 1861, three years ; disch. Sept. 5, 1865, at Elmira. Haxton, Henry John, private, 189th Regt , Co. F; enl. Sept. 8, 1864, one year; disch. June, 1805. Brown, Ira, private, sub., 76th Regt., Co. I ; enl. Sept. 19, 1863, three years ; wounded at Wilderness, May 8, 1864; died of wounds, May 3, 1864. at Lincoln Hosjiital, Washington, D. C. Mack, George \V., private, 0th N. Y. H. Art., Co. I; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years; wounded at Petersburg, June 17, 1864; disch. Miiy 15, 1865. Holt, Joseph F., private, S6th Regt., Co. II; enl. Oct. 1861, three years; wounded at second Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862; died of wounds, Sept. 16, 1862. Hill, George, private, 70th Regt. ; dnifted July IS, 1803, three years ; taken pris. Oct. 1, 1S64, and sent to Salisbury, N. C. ; paroled March, 1865; died at Elmira, March 25, 1865. Hillyer, William H., private, lS9th Regt., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 22, 1864, one year ; disch. Way 3, 1805, near Washington, D. C. Holt, WHIiani Amos, sergt., SOth Regt., Co. H ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863, three years ; wounded and taken pi is., May 10, 1804 ; paroled Aug. 12, 1804 ; exchanged Dec. 25,1864; returned to regt., Feb. 14, 1865 ; pro. to sergt., April 1,1865; disch. June '27, 1805. White, William C, private, 86th Regt., Co. H; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years; died Sept. 1863, at Station hospiuil. White, Edward BI., private, 86th Regt., Co. U ; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years ; disch. May, 1862. Morton, Lewis B., Corp., 86th Regt., Co. F; enl. Oct. 25, 1861, three years: Wounded at second Hull Run ; died Aug. '30, 1862. Morton, Hiram, private, 189th Regt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 23, 1804, ono year ; difch. May 30, I.SO.'., near Washington, D. C. Potter, Darling, private, 80th Regt., Co. H ; enl. Sept. 2, 1864, one year; disch. May 7, 1865. Nudd, David, private, 189th Regt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; disch. May 30, 1860, near Washington, D. C. Lozier, Ilyron J, private, 86lh Regt., Co. K ; eul. Ang. 29, 1861, three years; died at Elmira, N. Y"., Nov. 2, 1861. Finch, Philander W., private, l'2'2d Regt., Co. E; enl. July 18, 1863, three years; disch. J 3, 1805. Heeley, Richard I,., private, ngth Regt.,Co.C; eul. March 31, 1864, three years; wounded at Petersburg. Bailey,Steplion A., sergt., 80th Regt., Co. H; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years; pro. to sergt.. May 7, 1862; disch. Dec. 30. 186:i; re-enl. 86th Regt., (U>. H, Dec. 31, 1803, three years; pro. toltt sergt., Aug. 6, 1864 ; to 1st lieut., Dec. 23, 1804 ; wounded at Petersburg, March 25, 1865 ; died of wounds, April 9, 1805. Jordan, Elias P., private, 86th Regt., Co. H; enl. Jan. 3, 1864, three years; killed at Wilderness, May 10, 1864. Gardner, Benjamin 0., private, SOth Regt., Co. K; enl. Dec. 31, 18C1, three years ; died of disease, April 13, 1802, at Washington, D. C. Houghtaling, George R., private, 188lh Regt., Co. K; enl. Sept. 15, 1804, one year; disch. May 19, 1865. Whipple, E. S., private, 14th N. Y. II. Art., Co. H ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years. Brooks, James F., private, 90lh Regt., Co. A; enl. Oct. 31,1861, throe years; wounded in right side at Donaldsonville; taken pris. to Baton Rouge; disch. March 8, 1804. Brooks, John L., private, 90th N. Y. Vols., Co. A ; enl. Nov. 8, 18C1, three years ; died of yellow fever, Oct. 2, 1862, at Key West, Fla. Seeley, Horace B., capt., 8Gth N. Y. Vols., Co. K ; enl. -Aug. 29, 1801, three year- ; pro. to 2d lieut., Dec. 9, 1862 ; to 1st lieut., July 2, 1863 ; taken piis. at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863; pro. to dipt., Jan. 2, 1805 ; released from prison March 1, 1865. Gilkey, John W., private, SOth Regt., Co. K ; enl. Sept. 5, 1861, three years ; de- tailed in ainl-ulauce corps, Oct. 3, l-'<'62; disch. Dec. 31, 1864; re-enl. SOth Regt., Co. K, Dec. 31, 1864, three years; served in ambulance corps; disch. June 27, 1805. Gilkey, Franklin E., sergt., S6ih Regt., Co. K ; enl. Aug. 29, 1861, three years; wounded at C'liancellorsville ; disch. Sept. 9, 1864. Darien, Nelson B.. private, 3d N. Y. Art., Bat. I; enl. Sept. 8, 1804, one year; disch. July 29, 1865. Bowers, Charles A., priv.tte, 161st Regt., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862, three years; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Cook, Thomas M., private, 1st N. Y. Cav., Co. F; enl. Aug. 27, 18C4, one year; disch. June 8,1865. Cook, Rufus, private, ISOlh Pa. Inf., Co. D ; enl. July 27, 1862, nine months; disch. for disab., Dec. 31, 1802 ; re-enl. 1st N. Y. Car., Co. F, Aug. 27, 1864, one year; disch. June 8, 1865. Thomas, Sylvenus, private, SOth N. Y. Eng., Co. I ; enl. Aug. 27, 1804, one year ; disch. June 13, 1865, at Fort Barry, Va. Potter, Newton, private, .'iOth N. Y. Eng., Co. I; enl. Aug. 27, 1864, one year; disch. June 13, 1805, at Fori Barry, Va. Mulkins, Charle.s, private, 136lh Pa. Inf., Co. D ; enl. Aug. 9, 1SC2, nine months ; died at Mount Pleasant hosp., Washington, D. C, Oct. 11, 1862. Labar, George, private, 4tli Pa. Cav., Co. I; enl. Oct. 21, 1864, one year ; disch. Dec. 5, 1864, at Camp Biddle. Everet, James S., private. Cist N. Y. Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 16, 1864, one year ; died of disease, Sept. 28, 1864. Jordon, Sipiire J., private, SOth Regt., Co. K; enl. Sept. 9, 1861, three years; died of disease, Feb. 1, 1864, at Brandy Station, Va. Carpenter, Henry B.,corp.,1881h N. Y. Inf., Co. E; enl. Sept. 12, 1804, one year. wounded at Petersburg; disch. June 2, 1865. Hallock, Abram, private, 5Uth N. Y. Eng., Co. K ; enl. Aug. 29, 1304, one year; disch. June 13, 1865. Williams, William H., private, 3d N. Y. Art., Co. I ; onl. Sept. 8, 1804, one year ; disch. July 8, 1S05. Williams, Alfred, Corp., 188th Regt., Co. E; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year; disch. July 10, 1805. Minard, John II., Corp., 76th N. Y. Vols., Co. E; enl. Sept. 17, 18C1, three years; wounded at Winchester ; disch. Nov. '25, 1864. Minard, James I., private, 3d N. Y. Ait., Bat. I; enl. Aug. 31, 1864, one year; disch. July 8, 1865, at Syracuse, N. Y. Minard, Isaac A., private, Sd N. Y. Art., Bat I; enl. Sept 8, 1864, one >ear; disch. July 8, 1865. Stephens, William O., private, S6th Regt., Co. II ; onl. Jan. 14, 1864, three years ; lost an arm at Spoltsylvania Court-House; disch. Sept. 20, 1864. Stone, George, private, Ist N. Y. Cav., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864, one year ; disch. June 8, 1885. Dennin, John F., private, 2d N. Y. Cav., Co. G ■ enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year; disch. Aug. 2;i, 1865. Rowley. Daniel F., private, 86lh Regt., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 1862, three years ; sup- posed to have been killed at Wilderness. Houghtaling, Alfred, private, 2d N. Y. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 5, 1864, one year. Ketchum, Thomas T., private, 188lh Regt., Co. E; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year; disch. July '27, 1865. Lathrop, Matthew (suh.), private, llllh Regt., Co. I ; enl. Aug. IS, 1864, one year; disch. June 4, 1865. 400 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Marlatt, Georgo F., private, 161st Kegt., Co. I ; enl. Jan. 18, 1864, three years; disch. Nov. 12, 1865. Bailey, Charles B., private, 85th Regt., Co. A; cnl. Sept. 14, 18G4, one year; disch. May 1, IS6.i, at Mosley Hiill, N. C. Haxton, Alonzo H., private, 15lh H. Art., Co. G ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years ; disch. June 20, 18Gj. Webster, Jay, Corp., 76th N. Y. Vols. ; enl. Sept. 18, 1861, three years ; wounded in left knee at Fredericksburg; wounded at Falls Church; disch. on ace. of wound, Oct. 22, 1862, at Philadelphia, Pa.; re-enl. 14tli H. Art., Co. K, three years; trans, to 9Gth Regt, Co. K ; pro. to 2d lieut., March 24, 1SG4 ; died of disease at Petersburg, Aug. 4, 1864. Webster, Chauncey, private, 14th H. Art., Co. H ; enl. Nov. 9, 1863, three years; disch. Aug. 26, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Wilber, Henry Eowley, John W., private, 179th Regt., Co. C; enl. March 31, 1864, three years; wounded on picket, June 25, 1864; disch. Dec. 4, 1864, by gen. ord. No. 422. Skiner, Ebenezer, private, 3d N. Y. Art., C,, pilvate, 144th Inf., Co. C; enl. Oct 2, ISM, oiio year. Aldrich, James H., private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 3, 18G3, three years. Smith, .Andrew J., private, Hist Inf., Co. C; enl. Oct. 2, 1804, one year. Leniuiiyan, Jo.soph A., private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. Sept. 1803, three years. Taft, Orrin B., private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 0, 1804, one year ; disch. Aug. 23, 1865. Taft, William F., private, 2d Vet. Cav,, Co. G ; enl. Sept. 0,1864, one year ; diach. Aug. 23, 1865. Albee, Eugene, Corp., J89lh Inf., C). F; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; pro. to 4th Corp., Oct. 15, 1804; disch. Sept. 11, 1865. Kathbun, Orsemus, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. M.ay 28, 1801, two years; wouiided at battle of Gettysburg ; diach. ; re-enl. July 10, 1803, in 2d Vet. Cav.; disch. Nov. 8, 1865. Rouse, Williard D., piivate, I07th Inf ; enl. July 28, 1862. Carr, William R., private, 107th Inf, Co. F; enl. July 2«, 1862, three years; disch. for disability. Patchall, John B., private, .34tli Inf, Co. E ; enl. Jlay 28, 1861, two years ; disch. at expiration of service. Smith, Charles, private, 1st N. Y. Inf ; enl. June 7, 1802, two years; disch. for disability. Lemunyan, Edwin M., sergt., 34lh N. Y. Inf, Co. E; enl. May 28, 1862, two years; wounded, and disch. for disability. Coou, Daniel II., Corp., 34th Inf, Co.E; enl. May 28, 1861, two years; disch. June 30, 1863. Coon, Julius S., private, 141st Inf , Co. G; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years. Tillman, Henry, artificer, 60th N. Y. Inf; enl. three years. White, Dennis, private,lst N. Y.Inf., Co.G; enl. Jan.l3, 1862,eighUon months. Wilson, William, private, 4th N. Y. Art.; enl. Sept. 28, 1802, throe years. Wliitehead, Joel, private, 1st Pa. Rifles; enl. April 14, 1801, three years. Orr, Oliver, private, 15th N. Y. Eng., Co. I; enl. Sept. 12, 1804, one year. Degroat, Charles, private, 15lh N. Y. Eng., Co. I; enl. Sept. 12, 1804, one year. OiT, Ira, private, 16th N. Y. Eng., Co. I; enl. Sept. 12, 1804, one year. Orr, John, capt, lOitli N. Y.Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 13, 1862, three years; entered ord.-sergt. ; pro. to 2d licut.. May 1, 1803; to 1st lieut., June 2,1863; to capt., Sept. 14, 1864 ; disch. June 6, 1805. Clinton, Charles, sergt., 107th Inf, Co. F; enl. Aug. 13, 1862, three years ; disch. June 5, 1865. Boyer, Israel, sergt., 141st luf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years; discU. Sept. 10, 1805. Orr, George Henry, private, Co. F; enl. Aug. 13, 1862, three years; disch. for disability. Boyer, Andrew J., private, .34th N. Y. Inf, Co. E; enl. May 1, 1861, two years; discli. at expiration of service, June 30, 1803. Suell, Hiram Henry, private, 141st N. Y. Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years ; disch. under order 77, May 12, 1805. McTamany, Patrick, private, 188th Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year; disch. July, 1S05. Sprague, William F., private, 141st Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; wounded at battle of Resaca, May 15, ISOl; disch. June 8, 1865. Tinney, Silas, private, lltli Vermont luf ; enl. .Aug. 13, 1802, three years. Swan, David, private, 141st N. Y. Inf ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862, two years; disch. for disability. Van Vliet, Albert, private, 1st N. Y. Inf ; enl. two years. Dickei-sou, Mark, private, 107th Itif, Co. F; enl. Aug. 4, 1802, three years. Aldrich, Levi Henry, private, 3d Vt. Inf; enl. Nov. 27, 1803; wounded in arm. McPhe, George, 1st sergt., 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years ; disch. June 30, 1863. McPhe, John, 1st sergt, 141st Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 22, 1803, three years; pro. to 2d sergt., Nov. 1, 1804; to 1st sergt., Feb. 28, 1804; disch. Juno 8, 1805. Scully, EdWiird, Corp., 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. Sept. 9, ISO), three years; pro. to Corp., Sept. 1, 1S04 ; disch. Nov. 8, 1805. Barron, William, private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. Jan. 4, 1803, three years; wounded; disch. Aug. 1865. Bessie, Henry W., blacksmith, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., Co.G; enl. Sept. 17,1863, three years; disch. under order 77, June 8, 1865. Hill, William Henry, private, 1st Pa. L. Art., Bat. H; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years ; re enl. for three years, Jan. 30, 1804 ; disch. June 27, 1805. Bates, Richard, private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. Sept. 7, 1864, one year; disch. Aug. 23, 1805. Aldrich, Truman, private, 141st Inf., Co. G; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year; disch. June 8, 1805. Aldrich, Garner A., private, 141st Inf, Co. G ; enl. Sept. 2, 1864, one year ; disch. June, 1805. • Carr, Amos, Jr., sergt., 2<1 Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years ; pro. to 5th sergt., March 31, 1804 ; disch. Nov. 8, 1865. Herrington, Michael, Corp., lOIsl Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug 23, 1862, throe years; pro. to Corp. ; wounded at Fort Donelson ; disch. Sept. 20, 1805. Bogardus, Henry E., sergt., 31Ih Inf, Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years; wounded in battle of Antietam, June 30, 1803. Albee. Emerson, Corp., 34th Inf, Co E ; enl. June 14, 1801, two years. Snyiler, David, private, 4th N. Y. Art., Co. I ; enl. Juno 4, 1864, two years; dUch. Oct. 20, 1804. Masco, Ebcnezer, private,14l8t Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 22, 1802, three years ; disch. Jan. 10, 1S65. Aldrich, Adin T., private, 34th Inf, Co.E; oul. May 18, 1801, two years; disch. for disability, Aug. 15, 1801. Colgrove, William R., private, 34lh Inf., Co. B; enl. May IS, 1861, two years; wounded; disch. June 3*J, 180.3. 406 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Baker, John Austin, private, 141st Inf., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 27, 18G2, three years; wounded at haltlo of Kpsaca, Ga. Casson, Mordecai, Jr.,corp.,2d Vet, CaT., Co. G; enl. Aug. 27, 1SG2, thrre years. Mourhes, George Wasliington, private, 141 st Inf. ; enl. Aug. 23, 1802, three years ; disch.; rccnl. Aug. 13, 18G4,in 5mhN. Y. Eng. Mourliea, Levi IJ., private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. Sept. 2, 1864, one year. Manley, M. V. M., private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 29, 18C3 ; three years. Kowley, William K., private, 141st Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 22, 1802, three years; wounded May 15, 1.SC4; disch. June 30, 18C5. Duly, John G., private, lllth Inf.; enl. Sept. 1, 1804, one year. Strait, Loren, private, Ist Inf.; enl. March 3,1802. two years; djgch. for disabil- ity, Aug. 8, 1802. Rowley, Cliarles H., capt., 141st Inf., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 24,1862, three years; pro. to capt, Dec. 1-5, 1803 ; disch. April 4, 1865. Parish, Daniel, private. Hist Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 22,1862, three years; disch. June, 1865, in Kentucky. Weaver, Caleb, private, 22d N. Y. Cav.; enl. three years. Raxter, Harvey Aaron, sergt, 2d Pa. Cav. ; enl. Oct. 8, 1861, three years. Baxter, Henry L., qm.-st-rgt., If-t N. Y. Cav.; enl. Aug. 1S61, tliree years. Simpson, llalstead, private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav.; enl. July 26, 1863, three years; disch. Nov. 8, 1865. Dininny, Churles Henry, private, 2d Pa. Cav.; enl. Oct. 10,1864, one year; disch. fur di^^ability, Sept. 1805, at Philadelphia, Pa. Vanderlin, Bullock, private, 86th N. Y. Inf. ; enl. Aug. 13, 1861, three years. Egbert, Bullock, private, 86th Inf.; enl. Aug. 15, 1861. three yeitrs. Baxter, George Fiauk, private, 84lh Inf ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861, two years; disch. Feb. 1803 ; re-eul. as corp. in 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav. ; pro. to sergt., March, 1804; disch. J.in. 5,1805. Young, J(din P., private, l.-^t N. Y. Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 1862, sixteen months ; disch. May 25, 18—. Young, Edward, Corp., 34tli N.Y. Inf.Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two years ; pro. to Corp., June 2, 1862; wounded twice; disch. June, 1863. Webb, Elbert C, private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862, three years. Thomas, Charles, private. Elliott, William Jobn, private; died at home after leaving service. Gordon, Whitman, private; discli. Aug. 8, 1802. Dickinson, Arnold, Itt N.Y.Inf, Co. G ; disch. May 31,1863; re-enl.in 2d N.Y. Vet. Cav., Aug. 13, 1863. Greene, George, private, Ist N. Y. Inf., Co. G ; disch. Nov. 24, 1802. Belcher, Nelson, private, 107th Inf, Co. F. Carl, Lorenzo Dow, piivate, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 1862, three years. Dates, Joseph Benjamin, private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. July 20, 1863, three years; disch. June, 1805. Greene, Daniel M., private, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav,, Co. G. Lowry, Chailes L., private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G. McColuni, Jacob, jirivatp, 2d Vet. Cav. McCastlin, Jacob E., private, 2d Vet. Cav. Montgomery, Addison, private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G. Spicer, Michael, blacksmitb, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 1863, three years ; died at larrjicks hospital, New Orleans. La., May 28, 1864. Lyman, Thomas, private, 2d Vet. Cav. Cliapman, Silas. Albee, Elezer, private, 50th Inf., Co. A; enl. Aug. 9, 1864, one year ; pro. to coi-p., Oct. 15, 1804 ; disch. Sept. 11, 1805. Moore, Willis, private ; enl. Sept. 5, 1804. Moore, Lester, private ; enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Demun, John F., private ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Greeley, Jonathan, private ; enl. Sept. 12, 1804. Uoughtaling, Alfred H., private; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Temple, Daniel, private, 2d N. Y. H. Art.; enl. Sept. 1863. Fcnton, Amos, private, 2d Vet. Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864, one year; disch. Aug. 23, 1805. Burt, Sylvenus Tursby, private, 188th Inf , Co. F; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year; disch. July 1,1865. Crow], George W., corp., 64th N. Y. Inf., Co. A ; enl. April 21, 1862, three yeai-s ; pro. to sergt., Oct. 10, 1804; disch. Crowl, Willard 11., private, 50th N.Y. Eng., Co. H ; enl. Aug. 29, 1S04, one year; disch. Juno 8, 1805. Schoonover, Benjamite, private, 141st Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862, three yeare; disch. June 8, 1865. Mcintosh, Wisfley, sergt., 86th N. Y.Inf, Co. C ; enl. Sept. 23, 1861, three years; pro. to Corp., May 18, 1802 ; to sergt., Jan. 1864 ; disch. June 13, 1865. Hamilton, Albert S., sergt., 141st Inf., Co. G ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years- pro, to 1st sergt., Nov. I, 1804; wounded ; disch. Feb. 13, 1865. Simons, Caleb, private, 4tb N. Y. H. Art., Co. I; enl. Jan. 1, 1864, three years- disch. Sept. 20, 1805. Swan, David, private, 141st Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 2ti, 1802, three years ; disch. Jan. 28, 1803. Smith, Joshua C, 3d sergt, 14l8t Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 20, 1863, three years- pro, to 3d sergt, March 1, 1865; wounded ; disch. June 26, 1865. Benedict, George H., ord.-sergt., 2d Pa. Cav., Co. L ; enl. Sept 25, 1861, tliree years; pro. to ord.-sergt., Oct. 1862; taken prls. at Kicbmond ; impris- oned at Andersonville, and there died. Brood, Lester E., com.-sergt., 2d Pa. Cav., Co. L ; enl. Sept. 25, 1861, three years ; disch. July 20, 1865. Weeks, James, private, Hj7tli Inf., Co. F; enl. Aug. 4, 1862, three years; disch. July 17, 1865. Orvis, Emerson, musician, 103d Inf., Co. C; enl. June 25, 1802, three years; dif^ch. Jan. 25, 1864; re-enl. Jan. 26, 1864; disch. Dec. 1865. Orvis, Seymour F., drnnimer, 141st Inf., Co. I ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years ; disch. June 8, 1865. Hurd, Sherman, private, 1st N. Y. Inf., Co. G ; enl. Jan. 13, 1862, sixteen months ; disch. May 25, 1863. Reynolds, Edwin M., i>rivate, 107th Inf, Co. F; enl. July 26, 1862, three years; died of disease in Antietam hospital, Nov. 20, 1862. Burt, Benjamin Franklin, private, 34th Int., Co. E; enl. May 18, 1861, two vears; pro. to Corp.; disch. with his regiment, June 30,1863 ; re-enl. Sept 2, 1864, at Avon, N. Y., for one year; disch. with regiment, July 1, 1865. Mudgelt, David Benjamin, private, 34th Inf, Co. E; ent. June 20, 1861, two yeiirs; disch. with rejziment, Juno 30,1803 ; re-eul. Sept 2,1864, at Avon, N. Y., for one year; taken prisoner at battle of Weldon, Va. ; in Lihby prison two montlis; disch. July 27, 1805. White, George Washington, private, 2d N.Y. Art.; enl. June, 1863, three years; taken pris.; tupposeil to have died in Libby prison. Smith, Samuel A., private, 141st Inf.; enl. Oct. 2, 1864, one year. Aldrich, Mijamin, private, 141st Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 1862, three years; killed in battle. Sept 15, 1803. Lacquay, Benjamin, private, 34th Inf, Co. E ; enl. May 27, 1861, two years; killed at battle of Fair Oaks, May 28, 1862. Orr, William, private, 50th N.Y. Eng.; enl. Jan. 1, 1864; died in hospital at Washington, Sept. 23, 18G4. Wbitehead, Hiram J., private, 141st Inf ; enl. Sept. 9, 1862, three years ; wounded at batile of Lookout Mountain, and died at Atlanta of such wounds. Fay, Thomas E., private, 141st Inf., Co. G; enl. Aug. 26, 1862, three years; disch. April 11, 1804 ; died Aug. 3, 1864. Van Vliet, Isaac Henry, private, Pa. Bucktails; enl. April 15, 1861, two years; missing at battle of Fredericksburg. Van Vliet, Deluss, private, 2d Vet Cav., Co. G ; enl. Feb. 1803, three years; died in buspitai at New Orioans, Aug. 29, 1863. Carr, James R., Ist lieut., 34th Inf., Co. E ; enl. May IS, 18G1, two years ; died Oct. 4, 1861, ill hospital at Danistown. Mead, Ebenezer, private, 8Gth Inf.; enl. Aug. 14, 1801, died in hospital at Troy. Coon, Jumes G., private, 34th Inf, Co. E; enl. May 18,1801, two yoiirs; mortally wounded and died in hospital in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 17, 1803. Myers, Martin J., private, 80Ih III. Inf; enl. Oct. 8, 1864. Mack, William Jefferson, qm.-sergt., 2d Vet Cav., Co. G ; enl. Sept 1803, three years; died of sickness, at Baton Rouge, Aug. 16, 1864. Benedict, George H., capt., 2d Ta. Inf; enl. Oct 1862; died Nov. 11, 1864, at Andersonville. Prentice, Martin S., private, 141st Inf ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862; Kalarama Hospital, D. C, Dec. 9, 1864. Schoonover, Thomas, private, 14l8t Inf, Co. G ; enl. Aug. 21, 1802, three years ; wounded at battle of Peach-Tree Creek; died at Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Cummings, Daniel, private, lu7th Inf.; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; died in hospital at Aquia Creek. Hurd, B,vrun B., private, 141st Inf.; enl. Sept 10. 1802; mortally wounded in battle of Ret^acji, Ga. ; died in hospital at Chattanooga. Wriyht, Lyniiin, private, 141st Inf.; enl. Sept 10, 1862; killed in battle. May 15, 1804, at Res.ica, Ga. Aldrich, James, private, 188th Inf ; enl. Sept. 27, 1864, one year ; wounded be- fore Petersburg, and died of his wounds at Alexandria, Va. Lemunyan, Milo D., sergt., 34th Inf, Co. E; enl. May 28, 1861, two years ; re- enl. in 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., Co. G; pro. to ord. -.sergt. ; died of disease at New Orleans, March 8,1864. White, Daniel, private, 34tli Inf, Co. E; enl. May 28, 1861, two years; killed at battle of Antietam. Grey, Peter, private, 2d N. Y. V.t. Cav., Co. G; enl. Sept 3, 1864, une year; died in hospital, Jan. 24, 18G5. Buck, John B., private, 34lh Inf, Co. E; enl. May 27, 1861, two years; died on David's I>laud, N. Y., June 9, 1862, of wound.s received in battle. Plemly, David S, private, 2d N.Y. Vet Cav., Co. F; enl. Jan. 1863, three years ; died Oct. 28, 1864, at New Orleiins General Hospital. Pensioner, Lewis, prvaite, 34ih Inf., Co. E ; enl. May 28, 1801 ; two years. Hatch, William, private, lo7tb Inf, Co. F; enl. July, 1863, three years; killed in battle of Chancellorsville. Bills, Abel, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. Oct 1861 ; killed on picket duty near Alexandria. Manley, Lutlier B., private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. two years. Cummings, Richard, private, 34tli Inf, Co. E ; enl. July, 1801 ; disch. June 30, '63. Gibbs, Albert V., private ; enl. June, 1801, two yenr^ ; disch. June, 186.3. Mack, Clark Eugene, private, 34th Inf, Co. E; enl. May 22, 1861, two years ; died of disease in hospital at David's Island, N. Y., July 22,1862. Wright, Edsou, private, 141st Inf.. Co. G ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch. for disability, Sept. 19, 1804. Weeks, Alva, musician, 2d Pa, Vet. Cav., Co. G; enl. Jan. 2, 1862, three years ; disch. Dec. 16, 1863; re-enl. Dec. 16, 1803. Trim, George, private, 34th Inf., Co. E; enl. July 29, 1801, two years; disch. at expiration of service. Fenton, Jesse Warren, private, 2d Vet. Cav,, Co. G ; enl. Dec. 1863, three years ; disch. Nov. 8, 1865. Shumw;iy, Uri, wagoner, 86th Inf; enl. Aug. 17, 1801, three years; disch. May 30, 1804. Butler, George, private, 2d Vet Cav., Co. G; enl. Sept. 2, 18'j4, one year; disch. Aug. 23, 1865. U B B A N A. GEOaaAPHICAL SITUATION. The town of Urbana is situated near the northeast part of the county, in latitude 42° and 30' north, and about 15° west from the meridian of Washington. It is bounded north by Pulteney and Prattsburgii, east by Wayne and Bradford, south by Bath, and west by a part of Bath and the town of Wheeler. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the town is divided into two nearly equal ranges of highlands by the valley of Keuka Lake and Pleasant Valley, which lies at its head. The lake and valley are skirted by hills which rise at fir.st quite abruptly, and then more gradually, until at a distance of from one to three miles they attain an altitude of nearly a thousand feet. The lake is twenty miles in length from Penn Yan to Hammondsport, from half a mile to a mile in width, and lies in a northeast and southwest direction. There is also another head to this lake at Branchport, six miles dis- tant from Penn Yan ; this branch lies nearly north and south, and is about eight miles long and half a mile wide. It is bordered by the same abrupt hills on each side, and is divided from tlie foot fork of the lake by Bluff Point, which, at or near the point, attains the width of a mile and gradually widens to two or a little more, and rises to tlie height of the corresponding hills on either side of the lake. The extreme elevation of Bluft' Point is reached about half a mile from the point which divides the waters of the lake, and is .seven hundred feet high ; yet the slope is so gradual, not only of Bluff Point, but of all the lands skirting the lake, that it is tillable to the water's edge. Pleasant Valley is bordered by the same range of high hills, which make a turn at the head of the lake, .so that the valley lies nearly east and west. At the head of the lake it is only half a mile wide, but gradually opens to a mile and a half at a distance of three miles up. The land of this valley is an unbroken level of heavy clay, but upon exposure to the atmosphere and frost slakes into a fine dark mould or loam. It is very strong and productive cither under the plow or for meadow-land, for which it is mostly used. The lands of this town have ever been celebrated for their very fine quality of winter wheat, and not only the certainty of a crop, but the extraordinary high flavor and perfection of almost all kinds of fruit. Both tlie soil and climate of this peculiar lake-basin, especially on its northern rim, render it emphatically a fruit section. The sloping lands on the north side of the valley and lake are the favored localities of the grape. The soil is a loose, gravelly loam, with a slight mixture of clay. In some places the gravel is round and clean, mixed with coarse sand and a slight portion of lime, which often adheres to the sand and gravel till the whole becomes a solid mass of concrete. The land is extremely dry, loose and porous, and without any hard pan, resting upon a slate rock formation. This rock occasionally crops out upon the surface, but is generally covered with several feet of the porous soil, which is ad- mirably adapted, not only to the growth of the vine, but to the perfect ripening of the most valuable varieties of the grape. The climate is mellowed by the cold, deep, and pure waters of the lake, and by the particular form and lieight of the hills, which so break up and destroy the currents of cold, swi«ping winds, that so cripple everything in their onward sweep over the more elevated and exposed localities not far distant. The average temperature of the thermometer is several degrees higher here than at any other locality in this county, and will compare favorably with that of the city of New York. Fog, also, which is the great enemy of the vine, as well as of the grape, is not known in this locality, while almost every clear morning its distant line is easily traceable along the valley of the Con- hocton River, only eight miles distant. This is probably caused by the fact that the lake and its tributaries are fed almost exclusively by clear, cold spring water. Cold Spring Brook, which forms its inlet, flows mostly from a limestone rock, and gushes up pure, cold, and sparkling. It is only five miles long, and yet it has been sufficient to propel two 1-un of stone almost constantly for over seventy years. It u.sed to be celebrated for its fine speckled trout, till the line of the angler had so thinned their ranks that few have been taken of late years.* EARLY SETTLEMENT. In the spring of 1793 the first permanent settlers came to Pleasant Valley, — William Aulls and his .son Thomas, from Reading, Pa., — and .settled on the south side of the valley, and about one mile up from the lake. They cleared a piece, put it into corn, and raised sixty bushels from a single acre, being the first land cultivated in this valley. In the fall, Mr. Aulls returned to Reading, and brought his family via Blossburg, Lawrenceville, Painted Post, and Bath, with a two-horse wagon, following the road then just being cut through the forest. The same fall, Mr. Aulls was followed by Samuel Baker, Richard Daniels, and Amos Stone. The last three were actually the first who pitched their tents, as they had made their purchases before Mr. Aulls came. Richard Baker, Samuel Daniels, and Amos Stone were originally from the vicinity of Hudson, on the North River, • See history of grape culture, in general chapter. 407 408 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. as it was then called. They settled at or near the mouth of the Cowanesque River, in Pennsylvania, only a few miles south of our State line, in 1787. The land on which they settled had not yet come into market, and they chose to change their location rather than risk further improvements when any doubt rested with the title. 3Ir. Daniels was of Dutch origin, small of stature, but tough and hardy, while his wife (whose name was Hoose) was tall and erect, and carried a mark of dignity in her every movement. Mrs. Baker was a daughter of Mr. Daniels, and the very image and pattern of her mother. Samuel Baker was a native of Connecticut. Wlien fif- teen years of age he was taken by the Indians, and re- mained a prisoner till released by the surrender of Bur- goyne at Saratoga. He afterwards enlisted in Col. Willett's corps, and served for a time in the army. He was a large man, not particularly tall, but his shoulders were high, and a large head set on a short neck, so that he was generally called a tall man. In his more advanced years he became corpulent, and his weight was something over two hundred pounds. They reared a family of six sons and six daughters, all of whom married and reared families. One son, Thomas, stood six feet four inches in his stockings, with the same high shoulders of his father, and when in tolerable working condition weighed two hundred and fifty pounds. Amos Stone was unmarried when they settled on the Cowanesque, but soon after married a Miss Ives, of New- town. These three men and their wives all lived past ninety years, except Mrs. Stone, who died about thirty years after their settlement in this valley. All these first families occu- pied the farms on which they first settled until they died. Samuel Baker died in 1842. He was prominent in the early settlement of the county, and for several years held the office of associate and first judge of the county court. Mr. Daniels took the farm on the north side of the inlet, at the head of the valley ; and Mr. Baker on the south side adjoining, while Mr. Stone took the next farm below Mr. Baker, on the same side of the stream ; Mr. Aulls next below Mr. Stone. This location had been selected by Judge Baker, while on a trip to Canandaigua, which he made through the woods by following the township line, which line, in crossing the valley, now forms the western boundary of the Hammondsport corporation. These were soon followed by William and Eli Read, Capt. John Sheathar, John Faulkner, and James and Abram Brundage, all of whom became fixtures except Capt. Sheathar, who located on the lake, and soon after gave place to Lazarus Hammond. Mr. Faulkner sold to Cornelius Younglove in 1807, and took a new farm about midway between the lake and Bath, on the Two- Rod road. This was a road cut as nearly in a direct line as the land would allow from Bath to Pratts- burgh. Capt. Stone paid for his farm in cutting this road. The most of the farms of those above mentioned are yet in the possession of their descendants. This is quite un- usual ; for men who settle a new country are more inclined to fall in love with the excitements attendant upon early settlements and follow their drift, than to tame down and run into the quiet habits and plodding way of the everyday old country farmer. Capt. John Sheathar was the original purchaser and first settler on lands where the village of Hammondsport now stands. He bought of Charles Williamson 145 acres, de- scribed as follows : " Beginning at a post on the bank of the inlet of Crooked Lake ; thence north two degrees east one hundred and sixty perches to a post ; thence west one hundred and forty-four perches and five links to a post; thence south two degrees west to a thorn-tree on the bank of the inlet ; thence down along said inlet of the lake to the place of beginning." The deed of conveyance from Charles Williamson bears date Sept. 25, 179C. Capt. Sheathar also bought at the same time a portion of land adjoining this, in what is now the town of Wayne, which he conveyed to his son, James Sheathar, Feb. 20, 1800. The premises on which Capt. Sheathar lived were sold at sheriff's sale, and Sheriff Wilson conveyed the same to William Root, of New York, in a deed bearing date Oct. 30, 1802. The premises are described in the deed as "All that plantation or farm on which the said John Sheathar now resides, being partly in township number five in the second range and partly in town.ship number five in the third range." This place, containing 170 acres, and described as " all that part of lot number twelve in the tenth range of lots west of the inlet of Crooked Lake," was conveyed by William Root to Lazarus Hammond, June 9, 1807. Mr. Root did not complete his title, but sold his interest in the premises to Mr. Hammond for "ten dollars, lawful money of New York." Mr. Hammond completed his title to the above land, and 50 acres in lot twelve in the eleventh range of lots, Aug. 18, 1826. Capt. Sheathar, like most of the first settlers in this sec- tion, had been a Revolutionary soldier. He held a com- mission as captain of dragoons, and had the reputation of being an excellent officer and a favorite with Gen. Wash- ington. He lived on his farm at the head of Crooked Lake in good style, and fared sumptuously. He was a generous, hospitable man and a true patriot. He was a stout, portly figure and made a fine appearance on horseback, dressed in his Continental regimentals, as he used to appear on all celebration occasions. Some of the early settlers still living at Hammondsport have a distinct recollection of him, or of the desciiptions given of him by their parents and those who were his contemporaries. For many years the settlement in Pleasant Valley was the most prosperous, and one of the most important, in the county. The soil was very productive and yielded a supply for the inhabitants, and furnished much food also for the less fortunate inhabitants of the Pine Plains, as Bath was called. An old settler of Pleasant Valley gives the follow- ing account of the relation of the valley to Bath in those early days : " If it had not been for the valley the pine plains would have been depopulated. After court had been in session two or three days, you would see a black boy come down here on a horse, and with a big basket, foraging. He would go around to all the farms to get bread, meat, eggs, or any- thing that would stay life. Bath was the hungriest place in all creation. You couldn't trust a leg of mutton to any- body but the land-agent." The Brundages were early settlers in Pleasant Valley. c^/ Dr. M. T. Babcock is a Dative of Washington County, born April 30, 1825. He is the son of Oliver and Chloe Babcock. His ancestors on the paternal side were for several generations residents of Vermont ; on the maternal side, of Connecticut. His father took up his residence in Washington County about 1820, where he was married. About 1829 the family settled in Steuben County, in what is now the town of Read- ing, Schuyler Co., and a few years later removed to the town of Jerusalem, Yates Co., where the parents died. Dr. Babcock was reared on the farm, and attended district school until he was sixteen years of age, followed by several years as a student at Franklin Academy, and a teacher in Steuben and adjoining counties. He read medicine with Dr. P. K. Stoddard, of Prattsburgh, and during the same time learned dentistry. In 1852 he was graduated M.D. at Geneva JMedical College, having been admitted to the lecture courses of that institution the year previous. The same year of his graduation he established an office in Hamniondsport, and during the winter of 1854-55 attended a course of lectures at the Butfalo Medical College. After three years' practice in Hamniondsport he attended a second course of lectures at Buftalo, and resumed his practice of medicine, which he continued until the fall of 1862, when he was ap- pointed assistant surgeon in the 141st Regiment New York Volunteers, which position he held until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged. The following bears testi- mony of his valuable services as a surgeon : Headqu.\kters 1st Division, 20tii Ahmy Coni'S. Office Subgeon-i.v-Ohief, Near Washingto.v, D. C, May 30, ISfiS. To all whom it may concern : Assistant Surgeon Moses T. Babcock, lUst Regiment New York Vol- unteers, has been on duty at division hospital since July, 1864, and has shown marked fidelity in the performance of his duties as a medi- cal officer. In operative surgery he has been very successful, both in amputa- tions and in e.xcisions. During the long and arduous campaigns of Savannah, and from Savannah to Goldsboro', his services at divisidn hospital were regarded as indispensable. Always on duty, he has ever been ready to second and assist in carrying out any suggestions of the surgeon in charge. H. Z. GILL, Sdrgeoit V. S. Volunteers, Brevet Lt.-Col. and CniEF 1st Div., 20th Army Corps. Field Hospital, 1st Division, 20th Army Corps. Near Washington, D. C, June 4, 1865. To whom it may concern ; Assistant Surgeon M. T. Babcock, 141st New York Volunteers, at present on duty at hospital, 1st division, has been connected with said hospital during the campaigns of Atlanta, Savannah, and Oolds- boro*, during which time he has given gratifying evidence of his skill as a surgical operator by the success which followed. As a surgeon in charge of wards he always showed marked fidelity in administer- ing to the wants and comfort of the sick, and always prompt in the performance of his duties. His wards were always in a first-rate con- dition. Always on duty, and ever ready to promote and assist in the welfare of the sick and the duties which were required at a general field hospital, he was regarded as one of the most valuable officers. P. F. FLOOD, Surgeon 107th New York Volunteers, Formerly in charge Field Hospital, 1st Div., 20tii Army Corps. At the close of the war he resumed his practice in Ham- niondsport, and has a large ride in this and adjoining counties. Since 1805 he has been associated with his brother, Dr. O. H. Babcock, who is a graduate of Buffalo Medical College, but gives his attention largely to the practice of dentistry. Dr. Babcock has been a member of the County Medical Society for many years, and was elected president of the same in 1877, which position he held for one year. He has been an outspoken Republican since the organization of that party. I I John W. Taggart was born in the town of Middleburgh, Schoharie Co., N. Y., in 1811. His grandfather, William Taggart, resided at Newport, R. I., during the Revolutionary war ; was married twice, his wives being sisters — McComber. His children were thirteen, nine by the first wife and four by the second. One son was killed in the war for independence. His father, Henry Clark Taggart, was born Jan. 27, 1786, and was youngest of the children; was married first to Miss Williams, of Newport, R. I. His second wife was Catharine, daughter of William Almy, of which union were born one son, John W., and two daughters, Mrs. H. N. Walter and Mrs. Bennett. Mr. John W. Taggart settled in Steuben County forty-five years ago, and since his r&sidence here has filled many places of trust and responsibility witli integrity, and ranked among the staunch citizens of the town of Urbana. His occupation during the most of his life has been that of a farmer. For some four years he has rep- resented his town in the Board of Supervisors of the county; has been president of the Steuben County Agricultural Society, and in 1863 repre- sented the First Assembly District of the county in the State Legislature. He has been twice married. Of his first mar- riage there were born three daugliters, — Elizabeth, Catharine (deceased), and Cynthia. His second wife, Ella, is the daughter of Martin Browneli, of Bath, and was a widow of the late Erastus Farr. Their marriage occurred Oct. 23, 1877. Her children by her first marriage are John, James, and Ella ; by her present marriage with Mr. Taggart, one son. 11 TOWN OF URBANA. 409 The original Brundagc family in tliis country came from Wales and settled in Pennsylvania, near Wilkesbarre. In the year 1799, James and Abram Bruiidage came with their families to this county, and located at Painted Post, taking up their abode in a double log house, where they lived four years, when they removed with their families to Pleasant Valley, in this town, arriving there in April, 1803. James, the elder of the two, located where is now the residence of his youngest son, James M. Brundage. Abram Brundage settled about two miles farther up the valley, on what is now the farm of his son, Hiram Brundage. About the year 1807, Benjamin Brundage, the father of James and Abram, came from Pennsylvania to visit his sons, and while here died and was buried in tiie cemetery in Pleasant Valley. The family of Abram Brundage consisted of his wife, whose maiden name was Polly Sims, and ten children, as follows: Benjamin, William, James, Jesse, Charles, Mat- thew, Hiram, Alfred, Almira, and Abram S. Of these there are still living James, Charles, Matthew, Hiram, and Abram S., all residing in this county. Abram Brundage, Sr., was born in 1775, and died in September, 1861. During the war of 1812 and 1814, at the head of an independent company, organized in his im- mediate vicinity, he entered the army, and served during the greater part of the war on the northern frontier, and a por- tion of the time in Canada. During the remainder of his life he was familiarly known as Capt. Brundage. Of the descendants of Capt. Brundage who served during the late Rebellion were AddLson Brundage, now of Cold Springs, in Urbana, who enlisted in Co. G, 22d New York Cavalry, in November, 1863, and served until the close of the war. Monroe Brundage enlisted on the 23d of April, 1861, as a private in what was afterwards known as Co. I, 34th Regi- ment New York Volunteers, to which further reference is made in this work. The family of James Brundage consisted of his wife (whose maiden name was Mary Hoffman) and fourteen children, as follows : Philip, John, Abraham, Benjamin, Polly, Sally, Henry, Samuel, George S., Catherine, Eliza- beth, Daniel, James M., and Anna. Of whom there are Still living Sally Read, in Seneca Co., Ohio ; Anna Acker- man, in Waterloo, N. Y. ; James M. and Daniel, on the old homestead ; and George S., on an adjoining farm. The elder James Brundage was born in 1765, and died in 1839 ; his wife died in 1815 ; he subsequently married Love Blakeslee, who survived him. Philip Brundage served during a part of the war in the company of which his uncle, Abram, was captain ; he Wiis taken sick, and re- turned home, — his death following in a short time. Abra- ham Brundage (second) was drafted towards the close of the war, and the company to which he was assigned was ordered to Buffalo ; but by the time they reached Dansville the war came to a close, and the command was returned home and disbanded. Azariah C. Brundagc, son of Abraham Brundage (second), enlisted on the 25th of April, 1861, in what was Company T, 34th Regiment of New York Volunteer Infantry, and on the organization of his company wa.s elected a corporal, which pcsition he held 52 until the battle of Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, in which engagement he was wounded by a bullet in his neck, which he still carries. In consequence of this wound he was dis- charged from the service on the 30th of July, 1862. In the year 1877 he was elected to the Legislature from the First district of Steuben, and in the following year was re-elected by an increased majority. Cold Spring Valley was occupied by Gen. George McClure in 1802. Ho erected mills, and kept them in operation till 1814, when Henry A. Townsend took possession of the valley, and resided in the " Cold Spring House" till his death, in 1839. Mr. Townsend removed from Orange County to Bath in 1796, was elected county clerk in 1799, and continued to hold the office till 1814. He was one of the most respected, useiiil, and influential of the early citi- zens. Upon the organization of the town of Urbana, in 1823, he was elected to the office of first supervisor, and by successive elections held the office till 1832. Mr. Lazarus Hammond, the founder of Hammondsport, removed from Dansville to Cold Spring in 1810. He after- wards settled at Hammondsport, where he resided till his death. He was the first town clerk, elected upon the organ- ization of the town in 1823. He was sheriflF of the county in 1814, and afterwards associate judge of the county court. The first white child born in the town was that of Samuel Baker, Jr. ; the first marriage was that of Jonathan Barney and Polly Aulls, in 1794 ; the first death was that of John Phillips, in September of the same year. Eliphalet Norris taught the first school, at Pleasant Valley, in 1795. Caleb Chapman kept the first tavern at North Urbana, and Henry A. Townsend the first store at Cold Spring in 1815. Capt. John Sheathar built the first .saw-mill in the town, in 1797, and Gen. George MoClure the first grist-mill, at Cold Spring, in 1802. Elder Ephraim Sanford preached the first sermon, at the house of Judge Baker, in 1795. Darius Read was one of the first settlers at the head of Pleasant Valley, on the road towards Wheeler. On the 20th of January, 1870, the following facts were elicited before a commission at Hammondsport, appointed by Hon. Guy H. McMaster, to inquire into the lunacy of said Read. A jury of twelve citizens was summoned by the sheriff, and Mr. Read, on examination, said that ho was eighty-one years old last August. He moved on the farm where he now resides in 1793 ; he had not been off the farm during the last fifteen years, nor to the village (three miles distant from his residence) since May, 1851, nearly nineteen years. Mr. Read has enjoyed almost uninterrupted good health, and called his neighbors by name as readily as though he had been meeting them frecjuently in the daily round of business, and yet many of them he had not seen during the past twenty years. One in particular had gone through all the changes from a school-boy to a silvery-bearded and bald- headed man, and had acquired a corpulency which an alder- man might envy, yet he was as readily recognized as if he had retained the freckled face and fla.xen hair of boyhood. Mr. Read's ideas were remarkably clear and his words well chosen ; in early life he had acquired a good common-school education, and had also had some experience in teaching. The jury refused to ajiply the word lunalic to his case, but, in accordance with his own wi.sh, recommended the 410 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. appointment of a committee to see to liis affairs, he having a voice as to who the committee sliould be. Mr. Read liad spent most of his time for the last twenty years reading, and mo.st of his reading had been from the Bible. He had steadily avoided intercourse with his neighbors. His wife died in 1868, old but active to the last for one of her years. Daniel Bennitt, father of Benjamin and Samuel B. Bennitt, settled in Urbana, three miles north of Ham- moodsport, in 1796. He purchased land in what is known as the Schermcrhorn tract. Abram De Puy, David Hutches, Samuel Drew, Derrick Brink, Jo.seph Rosenkrans, Jonathan Easton, Henry Schoonhoven, John Daniels, and Samuel Townsend were some of the pioneers. Among the early settlers were John Phillips, Obediah Wheeler, John Walters, Cornelius Younglove, Reuben Hall, Andrew Layt«n, Henry Griffith, Daniel Kingsley, Caleb Rogers, Noah Griffith, Robert Harrison, Isaac Noble, Isaiah and Erastus Webster. Caleb Chapman settled on the place now occupied by Mr. Gleason, in North Urbana, where he first kept a log hotel. The first log tavern, where the " Urbana House" now stands, was kept by a man by the name of Hull. John Walters was the first settler on the farm now owned by James Brundage. Obediah Wheeler was several times supervisor of the town, was one of the early justices of the peace, and held the office as late as 1861. Israel R. Wood, father of Jonathan Wood, settled in North Urbana in 1813. ORGANIZATION. Urbana was formed from Bath on the 17th of April, 1822 ; a part of it was re-annexed to Bath, May 3, 1839. At the same time a part of Wheeler was annexed to Ur- bana, and a part of Pulteney, April 12, 1848. In pursuance of the organizing act, the first town-meet- ing was held at the school-hou.se in Pleasant Valley on the fourth Tuesday in Blarch, 1823, and Henry A. Townsend was elected Supervisor ; Lazarus Hammond, Town Clerk ; Andrew Layton, H. Griffith, and Abraham Brundage, Assessors ; Obediah Wheeler, Reuben Hall, and Abraham Brundage, Commissioners of Highways ; Caleb Rogers, Collector; Caleb Rogers, Daniel King.sley, and William II. Ennis, Constables ; Samuel Baker and William Read, Overseers of the Poor ; William Read, Edward Townsend, and Franklin Baker, Commissioners of Schools. The following, in the order named, were elected Over- seers of the twenty-one road districts into which the town was divided : Abraham Brundage, Samuel Baker, John Walters, Cornelius Younglove, William Read, John Brun- dage, Noah Griffith, Robert Harrison, John Daniels, Reu- ben Hall, Simon I. Jacobus, John Plane, John Richardson, Andrew Layton, Isaac Noble, Stephen Douglas, Isaiah Webster, Erastus Webster, John Loder, Simon Ingersoll, James Harrison. John Walters, Abraham Brundage, and Reuben Hall were chosen Fence- Viewers, and William Baker, Pound- Master. At this meeting a tax of $50 was voted for the support of the poor, and also to raise as much money by tax on the town as is received by the town from the State for the .sup- port of schools. At the general election, Nov. 3, 1823, Robert McCay received 67 votes for Senator ; James Norton, 59 votes ; John Bowman, 25 votes ; and James McCall, 18 votes. For member of Congress, Daniel Cruger received 69 votes, and William Woods, 25 votes. Grattan H. Wheeler ran against four other candidates for Assembly, the vote being, George McClure, 21 ; Elisha Hanks, 35; William H. Bull, 30; Ichabod Andrews, 13; Grattan H. Wheeler, 68. Edward Town.send, Franklin Baker, and William Read, commissioners of schools, laid out seven districts in the town in 1823. The boundaries of District No. 1 were as follows : " Beginning at the southeast corner of Seth Read's lot, and running north to the north line of said town ; thence west along the said town-line to the town of Wheeler ; thence south along the line of the said town of Wheeler to the bounds of Cornelius Younglove's lot ; thence west along the said town-line to the town of Wheeler ; thence south along the said town-line to the corner of the .said town of Wheeler on the old Town road ; thence east to the bounds on Richard Daniels' lot ; thence along the north lines of the said Daniels', Younglove's, Eli Read's, and Lazarus Ham- mond's lands to the place of beginning." Those familiar with the " old landmarks," or who can trace the boundaries of this district on a map, can see what District No. 1 in the town of Urbana was 56 years ago. District No. 4 was called " Mount Washington District," and No. 7, '' Pleas- ant Valley District." On the 25th of May, 1827, the commissioners of schools reported $59.76 received from the State for the support of schools, and the same amount collected by tax from the town. This sum was divided among the districts as fol- lows: District No. 1, $12.08; No. 2, $5; No. 3, $9.61 ; No. 4, $19.21; No. 5, $16.91; No. 6, $14.98; No. 7, $33.05 ; No. 8, $8.08. In 1840, the amount received from the State for the support of schools was $229.62, and an equal amount raised by tax upon the town. The sum, being $459.24, was ap- propriated as follows : $367.39 for teachers' wages, and $91.85 for libraries. The number of children over five years of age and under sixteen, in the town, was 590. Three years later the number had diminished by 16, being 574, and in 1848 was reduced to 550. After this there seems to have been a steady increase of the juvenile popu- lation. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors. Town Clerks, CoUectors, 1S23. Henry A. Townsunil. Lazarus Hammond. Caleb Rogers. 1824. " •' " " " " 1825. " " " " " '■■ 1S26. " " William Hastings. " " 1827. " " William Baker. " " 1828. " " " " " " 1829. " " Stephen S. Havens. " " 1830. " " " '■ " " 1831. " " " " " •' 1832. John P. I'oppino. '■ " Daniel C. Miller. 1833. William Baker, " " " " 1834. " " " " " " 1835. John J. Poppino. .Samuel Brundage, '* " 1836. ■' •' Jacob Larrowe. Daniel W. Wheeler. Ig37^ I. II « UV THE PEOPLE."' 1827. 1830. 1831. 1832. 1833. 1834. 1835. 1836. 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. Isaac Noble. Obediah Wheeler. John Powers. Matthew Brink. .Tohn J. Poppino. Obediah Wheeler. Morgan L. Schermerhorn. Stephen S. Havens. Abraham Brundage (2d). Jacob Larrowe. Jacob Larrowe. Dryden Henderson. John Randel. Meredith Mallory. Peter Houk. Jacob Larrowe. Abraham Beales. John Randel. Obediah Wheeler. Monroe Gillett. Harlowe L. Comstock. Dyer Cranmer. Anson Coggswell. Joseph S. Finton. Joseph S. Finton. Harlow L. Comstock. Dryden Henderson. James Ennis. Dyer Cranmer. Thomas White. Dyer Cranmer. Delanson Latimer. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1S61. 1862. 1863. 1SG4. 1865. 1866. 1807. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. Matthias Clark. Benjamin Bennitt. Ephraim Sanford. Stanley B. Fairchild. Dyer Cranmer. Oliver D. Tobias. John R. Brown. Benjamin Bennitt. Obediah Wheeler. Oliver D. Tobias. David Wortman. Daniel B. (Tarleuhousc. Edmund P. Smith. Azariah C. Younglove. M. M. Clark. Andrew A. AVhite. Edmund P. Smith. Benjamin Bennitt. Oliver H. Wheeler. Wiliiiim Wright. Benjamin F. Drew. Abijah Palmer. Jacob W. Wheeler. Benjamin Bennitt. Samuel C. Haight. Charles L. Bailey. Benjamin F. Drew. Orin E. Loveridge. David Casterline. Benjamin Bennitt. Benjamin F. Drew. * Law passed April 7, 1827. VILLA(;K of HAMMONDSl'Oirr. This village is situated at the head of Crooked Lake, or, as the Indians called it, Lake Keuka. This lake is a beau- tiful sheet of clear water, fed by springs and the rain which falls upon the surface of the slopes and surrounding hills. It has no streams of any considerable importance entering it, except Cold Spring Brook, at Hammnndsport, and ]ja- zalier Creek, at Braiichport. The valley in which this lake is situated is an excavation of more than tliree liundred feet in depth, through the shales and grits of the Erie group of rocks. The hills rise on the west shore from three to four hundred feet above the water, and on the east shore from two to three hundred feet ; the surface of the lake itself being two hundred and seventy-one feet above that of Seneca Lake. It is navigable for steamboats and barges from Ham- mondsport to Penn Yan, a distance of twenty miles, and also, on its west branch, to Branchport, in Yates County. One of tlie mo.st singular features of Lake Keuka is its division into two branches by a bold and beautiful promon- tory, called Bluff Point, which thrusts itself like a blunt wedge between its beautiful, clear waters, and is itself an object of attraction amidst the surrounding scenery. The soil upon this bluff, and upon the highlands on either side, extending far away into the surrounding country, is pro- ductive farm-land, and well cultivated, while along the slopes and abrupt declivities which border the lake are the finest vineyards to be found in the country. The fruit of this peculiar region, as well as that of Pleas- ant Valley, at the head of the lake, has received appropriate attention in an earlier part of this work. The importance of Lake Keuka for navigation, and for the transportation of the products of a large extent of country to market, attracted attention to Hammondsport at an early day. Before the construction of the Jlrie Canal, most of the products of the Genesee country passed south- ward, by the Susquehanna and its tributaries, to markets in Harrisburg, Columbia, Baltimore, and Philadelpliia. They were hauled to the nearest places accessible by arks on the Canisteo, Tioga, and Conhocton, loaded aboard of these rude crafts, and when the rivers were at a suitable piteli in the spring, run down to the markets along the Susquehanna and on the sea-board. From the first settlement of the country till 1825, or during the first quarter of a century, these arks were the only means of transportation to market, except by teams, over long and almost impassable roads. "Wheat, flour, pork, venison, staves, and lumber of all kinds found their way to market in this manner. Col. Williamson, during his administration at Bath, ivas indefatigable in having the streams cleared of their ob- structions and opened to this kind of navigation. Mud Creek was explored and made navigable to its confluence with the Conhocton, and arks were first run down from Bath and Bartles' Hollow, and then from Arkport on the Upper Canisteo. It was ascertained that, by improving the streams, the produce of tlie country could be carried to Baltimore, a distance of three hundred miles, in the spring of the year, for a mere trifle. Gen. Geo. McClure was one of the earliest and must enterprising men in demonstrating the practicability of this kind of transportation for grain and lumber. In the spring of 1795 he ran the first ark 412 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. loaded witli staves down the Conliocton from Bath ; in 1800 he removed to Dansville, opened a store, and during the winter took in 4000 bushels of wheat and 200 barrels of pork, whieh he shipped in the spring on four arks from Arkport, on the Cauisteo, to Baltimore. In 1802 he pur- chased the Cold Spring mill-site, half-way between Bath and the head of Crooked Lake, of one Skinner, a Quaker, with 200 acres of land, and also purchased, from the land- office and others, about 800 acres to secure the whole priv- ilege. Here he erected a saw-mill, flouring-niill, fulling- mill, and carding-machine. The fluuring-mill, with two run of stones, was completed in the best manner in three months. Gen. McClure's design in building this mill was to convert as much as practicable of the wheat of the farmers into flour, it being safer to ship over so dangerous a navigation than the wheat in bulk, which was sure to be Crooked Lake, notwithstanding the famous embargo of President Jefferson. This, however, turned out a fruitless enterprise, as the farmers usually did not thrash their grain and get it ready fov market till winter, and then the lake was frozen over and the schooner could not sail. We have thus given the history of the first commerce on Lake Keuka, and the first commercial enterprise at Hammondsport. From this time forward till 1825, the place exhibited nothing beyond the ordinary routine of farm-life. Capt. John Sheathar, as we have .seen, was the first settler, in 1796. The land originally purchased by him became the property of Judge Lazarus Hammond, in 1807. Several years after, Judge Hammond became a resident of the place, and built his house on the site of the present residence of Deloss Rose, Esq., on Sheathar Street. He laid out a portion of his farm into lots and streets, o&tzzS^ lost should tlie ark be wrecked on tlie passage. He sent hand-bills into all the adjoining country, offering liberal prices for wheat delivered at his mills or at his stores in Penn Yan, Pittstown, or Dansville. He received during the first winter 20,000 bushels of wheat, two-thirds of which he floured and packed in barrels at his mills, and in the winter built eight arks at Bath and four on the Canisteo, and in the spring ran the flour to Baltimore and the wheat to Columbia. He cleared enough in that one year's operations to pay all the expenditures and improvements on his Cold Spring property. While operating at Cold Spring, Gen. McClure erected the first store-house at Hammondsport. He also built the first vessel on the lake, the schooner Salli/ of about thirty tons burden, for the purpose of carrying wheat from Penn Yan to his store-house at the head of the lake. This was in 1803. He advertised his vessel as a regular trader on and gave the public square to the village. William Hast- ings was the first merchant, and built the first store, in 1825. Lemuel D. Hastings came in that year and entered his brother's store as clerk. He remained in that capacity till 1835, when he embarked in mercantile business for himself, and has continued in it ever since. In the fall of 1825, Ira G. Sniith, of Prattsburgh, came and erected a store ; and about the same time a few others put up build- ings about the public square. The construction of the Erie Canal, at this period, changed the entire route of transportation for the pro- ducts of the country, — sending them north to that great thoroughfare, and thence eiist to the seaboard, instead of southward by the waters of the Susquehanna. Crooked Lake became the most available route to the Erie Canal for the products of all this section of country, and gave to Hammondsport, at the head of the lake, a new '-'^- ..^IT' 7^- (Jf-^^^/A. m^^^^^ BEiNJAMlJSI MYKTLE was born Dec. 29, 1814. Married Arabella Smith, Nov. 16, 1838. Born and lived in Wheeler until Oct. 6, 1857, when he moved to Hammondsport, where he now lives. His children were Arabella, now wife of Dr. C. S. Stoddard, of La Crosse, Wis. ; Van Buren, now of Wellsboro', Pa. ; and Maggie, wife of O. H. Young- love, of Pleasant Valley. He is one of fifteen children of Philip Myrtle, who was born in Bucks Co., Pa., in 1773. Married Rebecca Walters in 1795. The two yeare succeeding he lived on a small island in the Susquehanna Eiver, named " Hill Island." In 1797 he moved with his family to Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y. This proved a tedious and laborious task, and re- quired six weeks to reach Painted Post. He moved up the river in a canoe, and at night hauled the craft and turned it bottom up to shelter the family. At Painted Post he left the family and proceeded to Bath on foot, with his axe and gun. On his way he had the good fortune to kill a large black bear. A por- tion of the meat he sent back to his family by tlie mail carrier, and sold the skin for five dollai-s. This proved a godsend, as his funds \yere entirely exhausted. At Bath he engaged with John Wilson, sheriff of this county, to manage a distillery, which he did for three years. After a few days he returned to the Post for his family, and took- them to Bath, where he remained until he purchased forty acres of land in the town of Wheeler, where he built a log house to which he moved his family in 1800, and lived fifty years, until his death. This forty acres he purchased at two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and for which he paid with seven years' continuous hard labor. This was the nucleus about which clustered the old Myrtle homestead of six hun- dred acres, mostly cleared, and much of it in a high state of cultivation, and all paid for at the time of his death. The trials and hardships of the early pioneers seem more like a fable than reality. He found it no fiction. He was obliged to winter his cattle by cutting trees for them to browse. No hay, and grain scarce. The shoes for himself and family were made from deer-skin which he dressed himself. The nearest mill was at Bradford, and required three days with ox-team and sled to make the trip. He raised a family of twslve children (losing three in infancy), all of whom are now living. Ail are married, and all raised families except one. It is now seventy- three years since one of these children died ; of the girls five are now widows. There are about sixty grand- children, nearly all of them living. Three sons and nine daughters are now living, and about the same num- ber of great-grandchildren. TOWN OF URBANA. 413 importance. The agent of the Pulteney estate, taking wheat and produce in payment for lands, made this the shipping-point by barges on the lake to Penn Yan, whence it was hauled by teams to Dresden. The farmers gener- ally, for several counties around, disposed of their surplus products through the same channel. In this way a large amount of grain and produce was handled for several years, and all that was wanting to make Ilamniondsport the head of navigation, connected with New York and all interme- diate cities by a continuous line of boats and barges, was a canal connecting Crooked Lake with the Seneca. The "Albany Regency," seeing the importance of this project, got a bill through the Legislature establishing the Crooked Lake Canal, in 1830. In 1831 the enterprise was com- pleted, and at once Hammondsport became a city of " great expectations." While the canal was in prospect a new impulse had been given to the place ; lots were laid out and sold ; new buildings were erected ; the population con- siderably increased ; and the business, by no means small before, was rapidly augmented. Messre. Olcott and Ger- inaiti, of Albany, Judge Whiting, Charles Butler, and Mr. Dezeng, of Geneva, known as the Hammondsport Com- pany, came and purchased of Judge Hammond and Wil- liam Ha.stiugs all their land which remained unsold. The progress of building received a rapid impulse ; all the large warehouses and stores now in the village were erected during this rapid period ; many speculators and capitalists were attracted to the place, and many investments made which subsequently proved profitless. At this time neither the Chemung nor the Genesee Val- ley Canal had been constructed, and Hammondsport was really the shipping-point for the entire extent of country embraced in Allegany, the southern part of Livingston County, a large part of Chemung, .Steuben, and Tioga County, Pa. Situated at the head of navigation for all this extent of rich agricultural and lumbering country, and with direct communication by boats with the city of New York, the expectation was not unnatural that Ham- mondsport was destined to become a large place ; and this expectation was in a measure realized till the Genesee Val- ley Canal cut off a large portion of her tributary territory ; and even after that she enjoyed a good degree of prosperity as the exclusive shipping-port of Steuben County till the opening of the great Erie Railway, in 1850, and the Corn- ing and Rochester branch, in 1852. Immediately after the opening of the Crooked Lake Canal, a number of new merchants came in from Geneva and Ithaca. The first steamboat, the Keuka, was built and put upon the lake by the company in 1835. A. M. Adsit and John Gregg built another boat to run in com- petition with the Keuka, and sold it to Capt. Allen Wood, who ran the boat, and also a small " propeller," for some six years. The Yates, now running on the lake, was built by Holmes & Co., of Penn Yan. Capt. Wood sold his boats to Holmes & Co., who own and run the Steuben and the Yates. The Lvlu, a small boat recently started, was built by Sanders & Hall, of Hammondsport, in 1878. A. M. Adsit was one of the leading merchants of the village, with Deloss Rose and William Hastings & Co. ; and after the opening of the canal did a large business in the transportation of grain. Adsit & Co. were proprietors of a line of deck-boats which made regular trips from New I'^ork City to Hammondsport. J. W. Taggart, of Cold Spring, and Dugal Cameron, of Plea.sant Valley, were Adsit & Co.'s agents in New York. A. M. Adsit was succeeded by J. W. Davis ; Deloss Rose, William Hastings & Co., by L. D. Hastings and G. W. Nichols. These merchants were also dealers in lumber and wool, which at one time were large interests, and a large amount of money was an- nually paid out by them to the fiinncrs for their produce. In 1831, Gen. George McClure built a saw- and plaster- mill at Hammondsport. He also built a house, and resided here up to the time of his removal to Illinois. John Ran- del came here from the city of New York, in 1833. He was born in that city, in 1801, and had been a merchant there. On his arrival in Hammondsport he opened a store on the corner where the Steuben House now stands. In 1852, he built the brick store which is now a part of the Railroad House, on Water Street. Mr. Raudel was in business as a merchant in Hammondsport about twenty- three years, and was justice of the peace in 1838 and 1842. The Mallory stone mill, which still stands as one of the prominent landmarks, was begun by Meridith Mallory, of Yates County, in 1835, and finished in 1836. About $30,000 were invested in the engineering and construction of the mill, which were entirely sunk, as the enterprise never paid a cent on a hundred dollars. The mill is four stories in height and was supplied with three overshot wheels, one above another ; the water, which had an im- mense fall, was brought from the "Gulf Stream," in a canal or race dug along the side-hill. John Capell, of Peim Yan, was the master millwright, and Mr. Van Autrick, a son-in- law of Mr. Mallory, the engineer. The mill was a first- class merchant- and custom-mill, with four run of stones, and finished in splendid order. Had the expectations of Mr. JIallory been realized, it no doubt would have been a fine property. Mr. Mallory came to reside here, and was elected justice of the peace in 1838. Previous to coming here he had been elected member of Congress in Yates County. The first school-house in the village was built in 1827. It stood on the site of the present St. James (Episcopal) Church. The present large stone building was erected for an academy in 1858. J. W. McLaury was principal, and had the charge of the school about six years, while it con- tinued an academy. He was an excellent teacher, and lefl the impress of his influence and character upon the com- munity. He removed to the West, and is now a resident of the State of Iowa. The present public school employs three teachers, — four during the winter season. An effort is being made to change it into a union free school, under the manage- ment of a board of education, which will soon be success- fully accomplished. Steamboats make regular daily trips between Hammonds- port, Penn Yan, and all intermediate points. During the spring and summer of 1878, a small steamer has also made trips to Eranchport and other landings along the lake. Hammondsport is also connected with Bath by a narrow- eauf'e railroad, which was commenced in 1872 and opened 414 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. in 1874. The town of Urban.i w,is bonded for $40,000, and the corporation of Batli for $30,000, to build the road, wliieh was expended in grading and laying the ties. It was then leased to Capt. Allen Wood, who ironed it, furnished the rolling-stock, and now operates the road as lessee of the company. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Ezekiel B. Pulling was one of the early physicians of Hammondsport, and a man of considerable eminence in his profession. He died at Batli from the effects of poison received in making a post-mortem examination. Another of the early physicians was Dr. Amasa Church. The present physicians arc Dr. C. E. Campbell, Dr. Moses T. Babcock, and Dr. Oliver H. Babeock. Three lawyers reside and practice in the village, viz., Benj. Bennitt, Benj. F. Drew, and Monroe Wheeler, Esqs. URBAN.A. LODGE, NO. 459, F. AND A. M. Chartered June 17, A.D. 1859, a.l. 5859. The first officers were Clark Bell, W. M. ; J. B. Van Auken, S. W. ; Peter Marsell, J. W. Bank of Hammondspout; Ainsworth & Co., Bankers; e.stablished as a branch of Mr. Ainsworth's Bank of Pratts- burgh, in 1878. — The building, formerly a law-office, has been fitted up in good style for banking purposes, and the institution seems to be entering upon a career of prosperity. incorporation and officers. On the 16th of June, 1850, an order was entered in the Court of Se.ssions of Steuben ('ounty, incorporating the village of llaniniondsport under the general law of the State. The petitioners were Delos Rose, S. B. Fairchild, William Hastings, S. Waterous, Henry Benham. and Ben- jamin Bennitt. The corporate limits of the village, as defined in the articles, were as follows : " Beginning at the northeast corner of lot number ten in the twelfth range of lots in township number five in the second range of town- ships; thence south four and a half degrees west twenty chains and sixty-four links to the centre of the Inlet Bridge, on the road crossing the valley ; thence north eighty-four and a half degrees west nine chains and fifty links to 0. Shepherd's line ; thence north six degrees west fourteen chains ; thence north eighty-five and one-half de- grees west nineteen chains, hitting the .south end of 0. Shepherd's shed or stable ; thence north four and one-half degrees west six chains and twenty-four links ; thence south eighty-four and one-half degrees east eight chains and fifty links to the west line of said township ; thence north four and one-half degrees east on said township line twenty-six chains and twenty-eight links to the northwest corner of said lot number ten ; thence .south eighty-four and one-half degrees east forty-two chains and fifty links, along the north line of said lot number ten, to the place of beginning ; constituting one hundred and seventy-one acres and seventy-nine one-hundredtlis of an acre, and no more, into a village by the name of Hammondsport." The population included within these limits, at the date of incorporation, was 530 inhabitants. The vote was taken on the 29th day of June, 185G, and stood 47 for incorpor- ation and 34 against it ; 81 being the whole number of votes cast. The first election for officers was held on the 22d of November, 1856, when the following were elected : Trustees, William Hastings, John Randel, J. N. Crane, J. W. Davis, Clark Bell ; Assessors, Orlando Shepherd, Ben- jamin Bennitt; Collector, Lewis Wood; Treasurer, John Waterous ; Clerk, B. Frank Drew. 1857. — Trustees: William Hastings, John Randel, J. N. Crane, J. W. Davis, Clark Bell ; Assessors, Henry Benham, Orlando Shepherd, Benjamin Bennitt ; Collector, Lewis Wood ; Treasurer, John Waterous ; Clerk, F. P. Wisner. 1858. — Trustees: John Randel, William Hastings, J. W. Davis, E. P. Smith, T. H. Bacon ; A.ssessors, Henry Benham, Orlando Shepherd, B. Bennitt ; Collector, Lewis Wood ; Trea.surer, John Waterous ; Clerk, F. P. Wisner. 1 859. — Trustees : Eber B. Van Keuren, J. J. Buchanan, Benjamin Myrtle, Deloss Rose, E. P. Smith ; Assessors, Orlando Shepherd, Lester Lee, J. B. Van Auken ; Treas- urer, Samuel Waterous ; Collector, Lewis Layton, Jr. ; Clerk, Hubert D. Rose. I860.— Trustees: G. W. Nichols, B. Bennitt, J. H. Keeler, O. D. Tobias, M. T. Babcock ; A.sses.sors, J. B. Van Auken, D. Henderson, N. V. Wintermute ; Treasurer, Samuel Waterous; Collector, Peter Marccll ; Clerk, Thomas H. Bennitt. 1861. — Tru.stees: Moses T. Babcock, B. Bennitt, Oliver D. Tobias, Lewis Layton, Jr., Henry 0. Fairchild ; Asses- sors, Salmon P. Garey, Orson C. Mattison, N. V. Winter- mute ; Treasurer, Samuel Waterous ; Collector, Peter Mar- .sell ; Clerk, Thomas H. Bennitt. 18G2. — Trustees: Benjamin Myrtle, Moses P. Babcock, John W. Davis, G. W. eIwcII, Thomas H. Bennitt.; As.ses- sors, Edwin P. Smith, John H. Keeler, N. V. Wintermute ; Treasurer, Samuel Waterous ; Collector, Oliver I). Tobias, Clerk, Thomas H. Bennitt. 1863. — Trustees : Benjamin Myrtle, J. W. Davis, A. J. Switzer, G. W. Elwell, D. Cameron ; Assessors, G. D. Mitchell, D. Henderson, H. 0. Fairchild ; Treasurer, E. B. Van Keuren ; Collector, B. M. Coggswell ; Clerk, T. Mit- chell. 1864. — Trustees: John Randel, Eber B. Van Keuren, Deloss Rose, Walter L. Moore, Benjamin Myrtle; Assessors, Alfred Brundage, Charles Harvey, Dryden Henderson ; Treasurer, Samuel Waterous ; Collector, A. B. Stoutenbui-gh ; Clerk, H. D. Rose. 1865.— Trustees: G. W. Nichols, J. H. Keeler, R. H. Green, Henry Benham ; Assessors, E. P. Smith, J. R. Brown, S. W. Barrett ; Treasurer, Samuel Waterous ; Col- lector, O. D. Tobias ; Clerk, De Witt Bauder. 1866.— Trustees: M. T. Babcock, W. L. Moore, S. S. Fairchild, A. J. Switzer; Assessors, E. P. Smith, A. H. Morris, D. Cameron, Jr. ; Treasurer, Samuel L. Waterous; Collector, O. D. Tobias; Clerk, A. A. White. 1867.— Trustees: M. T. Babcock, S. S. Fairchild, W. L. Moore, G. W. Nichols, L. I. Rose ; Asses.sors, H. Ben- ham, J. R. Brown, Drew Glann ; Treasurer, Samuel Wate- rous; Collector, 0. D. Tobias; Clerk, A. A. White. 1868.— Trustees: Grattan H. Wheeler, Hessel Smith, Matthew Hetterman, Jacob Frey, S. S. Fairchild ; Assessors, Robert Snow, Drew Glann, James Smith ; Treasurer, ..^s^'^:^?*-*. David Bailey |VIrs. David Bailey. m: y£ :^ V\ ;# RESIOtIl_,. ADSIT BAILEY, URBANA, ST£U8£N CO..N.Y. i TOWN OF URBANA. 415 Samuel Waterous; Collector, Frank Covert; Clerk, Win. W. Wrigiit. 1869. — Trustees : Nelson Jewell, Matthew Hefferman, Jacob Frey, Ed. W. Cotton, Bela K. Streety ; Assessors, Jlobert Snow, A. A. White, David Costerline ; Treasurer, Peter Morsell ; Collector, Frank M. Covert ; Clerk, James Donnelly. 1870.— Trustees : Jacob Frey, Allen Wood, Deloss Rose, G. W. Nichols, B. Frank Drew ;• Assessors, Grattan H. Wheeler, John Randel, ]>enjau]in Myrtle ; Treasurer, J. S. Thorp; Collector, Francis M. Covert; Clerk, William W. Wright. NEW CHARTER. At a special election, held on the 24th day ol' January, 1871, it was determined, by vote, to reincorporate the village under the general law pa.ssed April 20, 1870. Thirty-six votes were cast, 33 of wliicli were in favor of the change, and the new charter was accordingly adopted. The officers elected March 21, 1871, were, Absalom Hadden, President; George W. Nichols, Allen Wood, and Walter L. Moore, Trustees; Benjamin P. Drew was chosen Treasurer; and George C. Wise, Collector. At the first meeting of the board, William W. Wright was chosen Clerk ; David Burch, Police Constable ; and J. B. Van Auken, Chief Engineer of the Fire Department. The president was authorized to procure a seal and an order-book for the village, and the regular meetings were appointed for Tuesday evening of each week. At the following meeting, March 28, 1871, David Costerline was appointed Street Commissioner. The following have been chosen presidents of the village under the new charter : Absalom Hadden, 1872; Grattan H. Wheeler, 1873; B. R. Streety, 1874; S. S. Pairchild, 1875; 0. H. Babcock, 1876; Grattan H. Wheeler, Jr., 1877; Trevor Moore, 1878. The following have served as trustees of the village for the years named : George W. Nichols, Allen Wood, Wal- ter L. Moore, 1871 ; Grattan H. Wheeler, Allen Wood, George W. Nichols, 1872; S. S. Fairchild, G. E, Rosen- krans, Allen Wood, 1873 ; Robert G. Snow, John W. Davis, David Costerline, 1874 ; Jules Ma.s.son, Patrick York, David Costerline, 1875 ; Jacob Frey, Jules Masson, Patrick York, 1876; Patrick York, John R. Brown, Jacob Frey, 1877; George E. Rosenkrans, John R. Brown, Patrick York, 1878. The treasurers under the new charter have been Ben- jamin P. Drew, 1871-76 ; James S. Thorp, 1876 ; Henry C. Ainsworth, 1877 and 1878. The collectors under the new charter have been George C. Wise, 1871; Addison Damoth, 1872; Francis M. Covert, 1873-75; John Wager, 1875; Jabez C. Mills, 1876; Daniel Damoth, 1877 and 1878. Hobart J. Moore has been regularly appointed corpora- tion clerk, and has served in that capacity since 1872. In April, 1871, the fire department was reorganized un- der Jacob B. Van Auken as Chief Engineer, Almon H. Eggleston, First Assistant, and Wm. Benner, Second As- sistant; 25 members were added to the company, and the board made an appropriation for the repairs of the en- gine and engine-house. Improvements have gone steadily on ; the creek, known as the Gulf Stream, has been sub- stantially walled at considerable expense, and sidewalks laid and kept in good repair in every part of the village. It would be difficult to find a village where the effects of good corporation regulations and careful enterprise on the part of the board are more apparent than in Hammondsport. CHURCHES. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. HAMMONDSPORT. The Presbyterian Church of Hammondsport was organ- ized Sept. 14, 1831. A committee of the Presbytery of Bath, consisting of Rev. Isaac W. Piatt, Rev. S. White, Mr. Elam Bridges, and Mr. Baueliman, the two latter rul- ing elders, met at Hainniondsiiort for the purpose of or- ganizing a Presbyterian Church, at which time the follow- ing persons, members of different Presbyterian Churches, presented letters of dismission from their respective churches, namely : Samuel A. Hastings, Lucinda Daniels, Eliza C. Flagler, Augustus Moody, Thomas Judd, Thomas White, and Stephen K. Tourtellot, whereupon the committee or- ganized them into a Presbyterian Church. The church then elected Samuel A. Hastings a ruling elder, and he was set apart to his office in the usual way, the exercises being concluded with prayer. Judge Hammond gave the lot upon which Wm. Hastings built the first house of worship, and gave it to the society. This is the house now occupied as the Catholic church. Hammondsport then gave promise of becoming a large place, a centre of business enterprise and trade, being largely patronized by the surrounding country and towns. Many people moved in during that year. It was a year of great revivals in many places, and also in this place. Meet- ings were held by Rev. Mr. Finney with great success. Rev. Mr. Flagler was the first pastor of this church, remaining one year and a half, during which time 43 were added. Arrangements were made for holding a series of meetings, but failing to do so they were afterwards con- ducted by Rev. Mr. Ordway and Rev. Mr. Rudd, of Pratts- burgh. These meetings resulted in many conversions. The second pastor was Rev. Mr. Adams, who remained a year and nine months ; 24 were added during his minis- try. That year, especially the fall of 1834, was a sad time for Hammondsport. A terrible fever prevailed, which was also prevalent in many other places that season, causing many deaths. So general and so fatal was this fever that many became disheartened, and quite a number removed from the place. Rev. Mr. Delevan was the third pastor. He was a young man just entered upon the ministry ; was married while here, and his wife died here. He stayed with the church three-fourths of a year, during which time 40 were added. The fourth pastor was Rev. R. E. Wilson, whose minis- terial labors were also begun here, and for fourteen years- he continued the faithful shepherd of his flock, "leading them into green pastures and beside the still waters." During his ministry 133 were added. During the winter and spring of 1843 there was an interesting series of meet- ings, Mr. Wilson being assisted by Rev. IMr. Minor, of Penn Yan. The present house of worship was dedicated in 1847. The society purchased the parsonage in 1849. In the win- 416 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. ter and spring of that year there was "a series of revivals, in which Mr. Wilson was assisted bj Rev. Mr. Hawley, of Penn Yan. The fifth pa.stor, Rev. S. Mills Day, was a young man of much talent and ability, just from the seminary. He remained five years, and received 44 members into the church. Then came Rev. S. Vorhis, who was the sixth pastor of the church. He held protracted meetings in the winter and .spririj:, resulting in quite an extensive revival. As the fruit of his labors 42 were added. Mr. Vorhis was radical in politics as in religion, and it was during his ministry here that the late war was begun and ended. The church was united in sustaining him ; its doors were thrown open fur war-meetings, and whatever pertained to the interest of our soldiers and the Union. Four young men of this society were sacrificed upon the altar of our country, — Willie Vorhis, the eldest son of the pastor, whom many remember as a young man of great promise ; Solomon Clark, son of Matthias Clark, a former elder of the church ; George K. Benham, and Daniel S. Layton. The first died in Libby prison, Richmond ; the others were killed upon the field of battle. Rev. 0. H. Seymour was the seventh pastor. Forty- eight were added under his ministry, — 32 at one time, — mostly young people, who were converted during the re- vival in the winter of 1866. Rev. D. Chichester succeeded him, and remained over six years. Eighteen were added during his ministry, which was suddenly terminated by death, in January, 1876. He was a man to whose sterling worth and genial social qualities the church and the county will ever delight to bear testimony. He had arranged, previous to his death, for a series of meetings to be held during the " week of prayer," which were afterwards ably conducted by Rev. Mitchell, of Lakeville, with a deep religious im- pression upon the community. After the death of Mr. Chichester, the church was with- out a settled pastor for some time, although never without church services. A part of the time the church was ably supplied by Rev. Mr. Townsend, of Attica, N. Y. Rev. B. Bosworth commenced preaching for the church on the first Sunday in November, 1876, as a stated supply, and was subsequently chosen pastor, in which capacity he still ofiiciates. The elders of the church have been Samuel A. Hastiuas, Dr. N. Stebbins, William Brewster, Elijah Judd, Matthias Clark (deceased), Allen Dunning (deceased), Aaron Rosen- krans, Solomon Clark, L. D. Hastings. The Sabbath-school was organized five years before the formation of the church, exercises being held in the old school-house. It has ever since been maintained with interest. The early members are now widely scattered, — some among the living, others among the dead. China holds the dust of one young man, Frederick Brewster, who went from this Sabbath-school, and died upon the mission- ary field. To many it is still a place of sacred memories, around which cluster the familiar faces of teacher, pastor, classmate, friend, — a dear remembered group, now widely separated by distance, perchance by death. This church was early in unison with the temperance movement, and was instrumental in bringing about a better state of things in regard to the drinking and sale of in- toxicating liquors in this village, resulting in the total abolishment of it from the dry-goods stores, in all of which it was previously sold the same as any other article of mer- chandise. ST. JAME.S' CHURCH. St. James' Church, Hanimondsport, was organized June 15, 1829, by Rev. William W. Bostwick. The following were the first officers certified to in the instrument of incor- poration : Henry A. Townsend and John Powers, Wardens ; Lazarus Hammond, Cornelius Younglove, Ezekiel B. Pull- ing, Israel R. Wood, John Mitchell, Jr., and Zelotes Knapp, Vestrymen. Said certificate was signed and sealed in the presence of Mrs. Elizabeth H. Townsend and Charles N. Tuttle, by Rev. William W. Bostwick, John Powers, and H. A. Townsend. During Mr. Bostwick's rectorship, in 1832-33, the first church edifice — which is still standing, although removed to give place to the new one — was erected, and was con- secrated by Bishop Onderdonk, Aug. 27, 1833. At this time 25 communicants were reported. The lot on which the old church stood, and where the new church now stands, was given by Messrs. Germain and Whiting, and deeded by them Sept. 24, 1836. The building committee of the old church were Lazarus Hammond, Ira G. Smith, and John J. Poppino. Nathan Taylor was the builder, and the cost was $1600. Rev. Mr. Bostwick retained the rectorship some fourteen years, residing at Hanimondsport all the time. Up to 1833, when the church was conse- crated, his services were given to several places ; but from 1833 to 1840 his time was divided equally between Bath and Hammoudsport. Then for two years he gave part of his time to Wayne and Hornellsville instead of Bath. In 1842 he resigned his rectorship and soon went West, where he died Oct. 5, 1845, in the forty-ninth year of his age and the twenty-first of his ministry. In the spring of 1835 a bell was procured for the old church, of Lewis Aspinwall, of Albany, N. Y. It cost $119, and is now used temporarily in the new church. An organ was also procured of Thomas Wagstaflf, in 1846, costing $300. After Mr. Bostwick, Rev. Philemon Coe officiated awhile in 1842-43. Then for some six years Rev. Erastus Spald- ing had charge of the parish, up to 1849. For some time in 1849-1850, Rev. Loren Ru.ss was minister in charge. The next rector was Rev. Charles Woodward, who remained from November, 1850, to some time in 1852. After Mr. Woodward, Rev. (now Dr.) Parke officiated from 1853 to 1855. All those following Mr. Bostwick held short rector- ships. Then came Rev. Daniel E. Trowbridge, who was rector fifteen years. After 1870, when Mr. Trowbridge resigned. Rev. James Stoddard was in charge about three years. Then, with some vacancies. Rev. Mr. Cushing officiated about one year, and was succeeded by the present rector. Rev. H. V. Gardner, who entered upon his duties July 1, 1875. The corner-stone of the new church was laid by Bishop Coxe, April 18, 1876. It was consecrated by the same June 12, 1877. The new church, valued at 110,000 and complete in all its appointments, is of a style and workman- TOWN OF URBANA. 417 ship that will bear examination. The windows, by Mr. Samuel West, of Boston, are valued at $1000, and the organ, by Steer & Turner, of Westfield, Mass., at $1200. Washington Irving Tillotson, of Oneida, N. Y., was the architect, and Jacob Allington, of Penn Yan, the builder. The building committee was Rev. H. V. Gardner, John W. Davis, Deloss Rose, T. M. Younglove, D. Bauder, and Charles L. Bailey. The parish has a rectory and glebe valued at $3000. The present number of families is about 00, communicants 100, and the parish is in a flourishing condition. MILITARY RECORD OP URBANA. Babcock, Hlopes Treat, nsst. sur., lilst Inf. ; must. Sept. IS, 18tJ2, three years. Charles Marion Brace, btigl er, 21 st Cav., Co. K ; enl. Oct. 25, 18G3, three years ; taken prisuner at Winchester, also wounded in left leg below knee. Harrison, Lysander Woodard, corp., 76th Inf, Co. E ; drafted July 13, 1803, three years; pro. to Corp., July 1, I8(>4 ; trans, to 91st Kept., N. Y. Vnla. Henry, Noble Faircliild, private, 22d Cav., Co. G ; enl. Dec. ll,18G3, three years ; taken prisoner on Wilson's raid, June 29, 1864; taken to Bichraond, from thence to Andersonville, whore he snfTered the barbarities of the rebel Wirz; prisoner five months and seventeen days. Carr, John, private, 22d Cav., Co, G; enl. Jan. 5, 1864, three years; taken pris- oner on Wilson's raid, Jnne 2D, 1864 ; exchanged April 28, 1865. Donelly, James, private, 34th N. Y. Inf., Co. I; enl. May, 1861, two years ;disch. Jnne 30, 1863; re-eol. as corp. in 22d Cav., Co. G, Nov. 12, 1803, three years; pro. to sergt., July 1, 1865 ; disch. Ang. 1, 1865. Warren A. Royke, bugler, 22d Cav., Co. G; enl. Nov. 26, 1863, three years; disch. Ang. 1. 1865. Benham, Frank Henry, private, 22d Cav., Co. G ; enl. Nov. 14, 1863, three years ; taken prisoner at Cedar Creek, Nov. 12, 1864; exclianged March 1, 1865. Addison, Brundago, private, 22d Cav,, Co. Ci ; enl. Nov. 29, 1863, three years; taken prisoner on Wilson's raid south of Petersburg, June, 1864; disch. July. 1865. Ousteront, Abrani, private, 34th Inf., Co. I; enl. May 1, 1861, two years; disch. June 30, 1863. Stratton, Isaac, private, 22d Cav., Co. G; enl. Dec, 15, 1863, throe years; taken prisoner on Wilson's raid, June, 1864, and taken South, where he died of starvation, Oct. 1864, at Andersonville. Brundage-, Azariah Conger, corp., 34th Inf., Co. I; enl. April 25, 1861, two years; wounded at Fair Oaks in the neck by musket-ball, in consequence of which he was disch. July 30, 1862. Ousteront, Cornelius, private, 161st Inf., Co. A ; enl. Ang. 20, 1862, three years; died Nov. 21, 1864, of chronic diarrhoea and quick consumption at homo, Morrison, Hiram, private, 22d Cav., Co. G ; enl. Feb. 29, 1864, three years ; disch. about Aug. 1, 1805. Jacobus, Henry, corp., 34th Inf., Co. I; must. Jnne 15, 1861, two years; disch. June 30, 1863. Jacobus, Jesse, private, 34th Inf., Co. I ; must. June 15, 1861, two years ; was wounded in thigh at Fair Oaks; had an amputation, and died Jnne 4, 1862 ; buried on or near battle-field. Bardeen. Lewis, private, 22d Cav., Co. G; enl. Nov. 16, 1863, three years; was wounded in the head at Smithfield. Barrett, George, private, 22d Cav., Co. G; enl. Dec. 12, 1S63, three years; disch. about Aug. 1, 1865. Church, Amasa Edward, private, 22d Cav., Co. G; enl. Nov. 11, 1863, three yeai's ; served as clerk for Medical Director; disch. Aug. 1, 1865, Carr, Henry, private, 22d Cav., Co. G; enl. Nov. 13, 1863, three years; disch. Aug. 1, 1865. Stone, James Madison, drummer, 34th Inf., Co. I ; enl. May 3, 1861, two years; disch. June 30, 1863. Carrigan, Avery, private, 22d Cav., Co. G ; enl. Nov. 14, 1863, three years ; disch. Aug. 1,1865. Wright, William Wilson, 1st Heut., 102d Inf., Co. F; enl. Feb. 3, 1862, three years; pro. to eergt., March 26, 1862; to orderly-sergt, May 21, 1862; to 2d lieut., April 4,1863; to 1st lieut., Aug. 1, 1864 ; to capt., Nov. 26, 1864. but not mustered; enl. in 7Sth Regt.,but trans, to 102d N. Y. Vols.; wounded and taken prisoner at Cedar Mountjiin, Ang. 9, 1862 ; exchanged at Aiken's Landing, Nov. 6, 1862 ; wounded again at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Harrington, James Clement, private, 34th Inf., Co. I; enl. April 19, 1861, two years; disch. June 30, 1863; re-enl. in 22d Cav., Co. G, Nov. 12, 1863, three years; pro. to sergt., Nov. 18, 1863; to com.-sergt., June 1, 1865; disch. Aug. 1, 1865. Coats, Philander, private, 22d Cav., Co. G ; must. Feb. 2, 1864. Edgerton, Harris, private, 22d Cav,, Co. G ; enl. Nov. 13, 1863, three years ; disch. from hospital (can ascertain nothing more). Simmons, George B., private, 194th Inf., Co. C; enl. March 11,1865, three years; did not go to the front, and was must, out soon after enlisting. Goff, Wm. Henry, private, 34th Inf., Co. 1 ; enl. May, 1861, two years ; disch. June 15, 1863; re-enl. in 22d Cav., Co. G, Dec. 12, 1803, three years; pro. to sergt. ; disch. Aug. 1, 1865. 53 Woodniff, Sanitiel, private, 22ii Cav., Co, G; piil. Dec. 18G3, three years; wa.s taken prisoner on Wilson's rai ,, d the J^eace. " W. R. Hill, ) "At a meeting of the Town Board, held October 6, 1 864, in the office of the Town Clerk, for the purpose of authorizing the Super- visor to make a contract for a sum not exceeding $700 in bonds to any ])erson or persons responsible for such sum, as contracted by him, the said Supervisor, to obtain volunteers or substitutes to exonerate this town from the draft under the late call of the President for 500,000 men, it was unanimously agreed upon to give him, the said Supervisor, full power to enter into any such contract as above specified. "jAilES P. Cl.1RK, Siipci-viaor. "Nirn. Zimmermam, Tuicit Clerk. " W. R. Hill, " J. E. Adams, " H. S. Rosenkrans, JitBticen of the Peace. "On the 14th of November, 1864, it was decided by the Town Board of the town of Wayland, in full meeting at the Town Clerk's office, that the local bounty of $700, as formerly decided upon, be paid to each individual of the town having furnished a substitute to serve for three years in the United States service under the last call of the President for 500,000 men, which substitute has been duly ac- credited to the town of Wayland. "Jasies p. Clark, Sitperviaor. " NicH. ZiMMERSiAN, Town Clerk. "James E. Adams, 1 Juatices of " H. S. Rosenkrans, J the Peace." January 11, 1865, James P. Clark, Supervisor, pre- sented the provost-marshal's certificate showing that the quota of the town of Wayland (55 men under the call of July 18, 1864) was filled. VILLAGE OF WAYLAND. The village of Wayland is situated upon the Corning and Rochester branch of the Erie Railway, fifty miles east of Rochester and thirty-six miles west of Corning. It con- tains two churches, five hotels, two dry-goods and stores of general merchandise, two drug-stores, two hardware-stores, one harness-shop, six groceries, one clothing and merchant- tailoring establishments, two boot- and shoe-shops, two furniture and undertakers' warerooms, two meat-markets, one jeweler-store, two millinery-stores, two printing-offices and weekly newspapers, two wagon- and carriage-shops, four blacksmith-shops, one plaster-mill, sash- and blind-factory and planing-mill, two saw-mills, one furniture-manufactory, one steam-power cider-mill, two grain-warehouses, one cigar- manufactory, and one gun-shop. The post-office handles a large amount of mail matter for a country village. The fire department has a chartered hook-and- ladder company. The place supports a brass band, two justices of the peace, three physicians, and one dentist. The district school is graded, and employs three teachers. We give the statistics as follows : DISTRICT NO. 1 — -W.iTL.iND. Principal, John P. Brown ; Intermediate, Miss C. N. Ferguson ; Primary, Miss Jennie Carr ; Trustees, B. M. Morris, James 0. Cook, Andrew A. Granger. Children in the district, 248 ; average attendance, 147 ; TOWN OF WAYLAND. 423 assessed valuation of district property, .?l()4,00fl ; value of school property, $4G00 ; total expenditure for school pur- poses, $998.53. There is a large establishment in the village for pressin" hay and straw by horse-power. Morris iV Kinmiel have a large steam-mill for the manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, and mouldings, and for grinding plaster. The business was establislied in 1875. They also own a steam saw-mill near the village, and there is another owned by the Bennet Brothers. The population of the village within the corporation of one mile square is between 600 and 700. WAYLAND DEPOT POST-OFFICE. This post-office was established in 1852. John Hess was the first postmaster, and was succeeded by the following- named persons : James G. Bennett, 1853 ; Dexter S. Jolly, 1858 ; Benjamin B. Hess, 1861 ; Solomon F. Hess, 1863 ; Thomas A. Abrams, 1865; William Northrup, 1867; Henry Schly, 1875. INCORPORATION. The village of Wayland was incorporated under the gen- eral law in April, 1877. The first meeting for the election of officers was held May 22, at which the following-named persons were chosen : H. S. Rosenkrans, President ; N. N. St. John, Guy B. Bennett, Henry Schly, Trustees ; Torry S. Beeman, Collector ; George W. Morehouse, Treasurer. At a meeting of the board held on the 25th of May, 1877, C. C. Tinker was appointed clerk. On the 4th of June, following, the board passed the first of the village ordi- nances, which have since been added to from time to time. At the election of March 19, 1878, G. B. Bennett was elected Trustee, Charles H. Fowler Treasurer, and Alanson Southwick Collector ; C. C. Tinker was reappointed Clerk. The village of Wayland is a thriving business centre for a considerable portion of the surrounding country. CHURCHES. There are seven churches in the town of Wayland, situ- ated and named as follows: 1, Lutheran Church, Perkins- ville; 2, Catholic Church, Perkinsville; 3, Methodist Epis- copal Church, Loon Lake ; 4, Union Church, School Dis- trict No. 11; 5, Evangelical, School District No. 8; 6, Methodist Episcopal, Wayland village; 7, Christian Church, Wayland village. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AT PERKINSVILLE was built by Nicholas Morch and Jacob Smith, in 1850. The wife of Jacob Smith, who died in January, 1850, was the first person buried in the Catholic cemetery at this place. The school was first taught in the church by Nicholas Zimmerman, in 1851, and in 1853 the school- house was built by Rev. J. M. Steger. The church was first organized with 15 or 20 members ; it is now sup- ported by about 200. It is incorporated under the gen- eral law of the State, Peter Engel and Joseph Keltgen, Trustees. The Union Church building (School District No. 11) was erected by contributions of difierent denominations. The Christian minister preaches here occasionally. Durin" the past three years the ministers of the Evangelical Asso- ciation have held regular services once in two weeks. It is at present under the charge of Rev. J. H. Peters, who holds services also at East Wayland, in the school-house of District No. 6. The church is a frame building, 30 by 40, and the congregation averages about 150 persons. THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH (GERMAN), ill District No. 8, was built about 1808. The present pastor, Rev. Mr. Damm, resides at Groveland, Allegany Co., and holds services in this church once in two weeks. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF WAYLAND. The Christian Church of Wayland was organized in tlio year 1864. Ministers at present. Rev. G. H. Hibbard and A. J. Welton. The principles of organization were no creed but the Bible, no name but Christian, and no test of fellowship but Christian character. Believing the Bible to be divinely inspired, it became — and is still — a perfect rule of faith and practice, which all men have an equal right to read, understand, and practice for themselves. Among the charter members may be found the names of Simon Harris, Oliver A. Harris, Calvin Green, Lovina Magee, A. J. Welton, Lucy Welton, and Ida L. Welton. Rev. A. J. Welton became their first pastor and Simon Harris deacon and clerk. The Christian chapel was built the same year, before the organization of the church, by the untiring efforts of A. J. Welton, who solicited all of the funds and took charge of the whole matter until it was dedicated and deeded to the society organized to receive the same. Rev. J. D. Childs preached the dedicatory sermon, after which the house was dedicated to the worship of God the Father and His Son Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the world. Note. — Of the Methodist Churches at Wayland and Loon Lake we have been unable to obtain any history. MILITARY RECORD OF WAYLAND. Eawber, Nicholas, Jr., private, 13tli N. Y. Inf., Co. B; enl. April 28, 1861, two years; disch. Oct. 23, 18G1, at Arlington Heights hospital; rc-enl. 188th N.y. Regt., Co. U, Sopt. 18, 1864, one year; wounded in the hand; disch. July 27, 1865. Eneller, Jacob, private, KUth Regt., Co. D ; enl. Doc. 13, 1861, three years ; disch. Jan. 14, 1S63, at Belle Plain; roenl. Dec. 23, 1863, in 21st N. Y. Cav., Co. K.; disch. July 21, 1865. Eneller, Michael, Jr., private, 13th N. Y. Regt., Co. G; enl. Sept. 1861, three years; wounded in the breast by a cannon-ball, and died about June 20, 1862. Eneller. John, private, 188th N. Y. Regt., Co. D, one year. Smith, John Joseph, private, lllth Pa. Inf., Co. B; enl. Aug. 10, 1861, three years; disch. Dec. 15, 1863; re-enl. in the siinie regt. and co. for three years the same day ; disch. July 18, 1865. Swingel, William, private, 28th Art., Co. B; enl. Aug. 30, 1862, three years; disch. July 31,1865. Fronk, Joseph, private, 28th Art., Co. B; enl. Aug. 30, 1862, three years; disch. July 31, ISe.'). Conrad, Pliilip, private, 13th Inf , Co. B ; onl. April 17, 1861, two years ; disch. May 14, 1863. Gurgin, Jacob, private, 28th Art.,Co.B; enl. Aug. 2.5, 1862, three years; disch. July 30, 1805. Norris, George, private, 179th N. Y. Inf, Co. 1!. Sutten, Joseph, private, 13lli N. Y. Regt., t.'o. U ; enl. Sept. 1S61, eighteen months; wouodod ; disch. May, 1863. 424 HISTORY OP STEUBEN COUNTY. NEW YORK. Lane, George Washington, private, 141st N. Y. Inf., Co. C; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year; discli. June 8, 1865. Earl, George Elisha, private, 141st N. Y. Inf., Co. C; enl. Aug. 28, 1864, one year; iliach. June 8, 18(>5. Secley, Permellon, private, 141st N. Y. Inf., Co. C; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year ; iliach. June 8, 1805. Brownell, George EdmonJ, piivate, 35th N. Y. Inf., Co. F ; enl. June, 18G1, two years; disch. June 5, 1863. Herrin, Theodore Berleyton, private, 141st Inf., Co. F; enl. Sept. 5, 1804, one year; disch. June 10, 1865. Herrin, Joseph Tilley, private, 14l6t Inf , Co. F; enl. Sept. 5, ISOo, one year; disch. June 20, 1865. Herrin, Amos, private, 141at N. Y'. Kegt., Co. F; enl. Sept. 6, 1864, one year; disch. June 26, 1865. Tompkins, William Harrison, private, 2Sth Art., Co. B; enl. Aug. 22,1862, tliroo years ; disch. July 31, 1865. Hill, Dewitt Warner, sorgt., 28th Art., Co. B ; enl. Aug. 20, 1802, three years ; disch.Jnly 31, 1865. Thompaon, Thomas C, private, lat N. Y. Dl-agoona, Co. K ; enl. Aug. 15, 1SG2, three years ; diach. July 19, 1865. Kice, Seth Zera, private, 28th Kegt., Co. B; enl. Aug. 30,1862, three years; pro. to Corp., May, 1864 ; disch. July 31 , 1865. Rice, Thomas Bradey, private, 2Sth Regt., Co. U; enl. Aug. 30, 1SG2, three years; pro. to sergt., July, 1864; disch. July 31, 1865. Wheeler, Clayton Marcellus, private, 28th N. Y. Art., Bat. E ; enl. Aug. 25, 1862 ; three years; disch. for disah , March 13, 1863. Earles, William, private, 7Gth N. Y. Inf., Co. F; drafted July 14, 1863, three years; wounded in the hand; disch. July 24, 1805. Pinchin, Waldo, private; drafted July 14, 1863, three years; taken prisoner; sent to Libby prison, Va.; has not been heard from since. Thompaon, John Austin, private; drafted July 14, 1803, three years; disch. and removed to Iowa. Bill, John Nicholas, private, HOth N. Y. Inf., Co. C; enl. March 31, 1804, three years ; disch. June, 1805. Lane, Samuel, Jr., private, 179th Inf., Co. D ; enl. May 20, 1863 ; died at Way- land, N. Y., Jan. 19, 1865, while on a furlough home, of chronic diarrht.ca. McDowell, Simon Victor, private, 28th N. \. Art., Co. B ; enl. Jan. 2, 1SG4, three years; disch. July 31, 1865. Hess, Charles Denes, bugler, 28th Art., Co. B ; enl. Jan. 5, 1864, tlirce years ; disch. July 31, 1865. Parsons, George W.lahington, private, 28th N. Y. Regt., Co. B; enl. Aug. 22, 1.902, tlirce years; disch. July 31, 1865. Ferney, Frank, private, 14th U. S. Inf. ; enl. Oct. 28, 1864, three years ; substi- tute for N. Zimmerman. Tichenor, Lewis James, private, 28th N. Y. Art., Oat. E ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862, three years; disch.Jnly 31, 1865. Pettis, Orlando, private, 141st N. Y. Inf., Co. F ; enl. Sept. 1, 1804, one year ; disch. June 8,1805. Huflf, James Dennis, private, 141st N. Y. Inf, Co. C; enl. Sept. 1864, one year; died, Doc. 9, 1804, of typhoid fever. Yoakhen, Peter, private, 281h Art., Co. B; enl. Aug. 28,1802, three years; disch. July 30, 1.S65. Kester, Tunis, private, 107th N. T. Inf., Co. I ; enl. Aug. 2, 1802, three years ; disch. June 0, 1865. McDowell, Alexander, private, 28th Art., Co. B ; enl, .\ug. 30, 1862, three years ; disch. July 31, 1865. Martin, Phineas Isaac, private, l.SOth N. Y. Kegt., Co. K ; enl. Aug. 14, 1802, three years; diach. July 17, 1805. Morehon.se, Clark, private, 18th Regt. Youngs, George, private, 107th N. Y. State Militia, Co. I ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862, three years ; disch. Jan. 1863, for disability. Ingrabam, Charles Byron, private, Soth N. Y. Inf., Co. B ; enl. Sept. 1801, three years; re-enl. May, 1804; died, Aug. 1804, in -^.nde^8onvillB prison. Glover, Melvin, private, 28th N. Y. Art., Co. B; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years; disch. July 31, 1805. Hoag, Nathan, private, 28th Regt., Co. B; enl. Jan. 2, 1864, three years ; disch. July 31, 1865. Paine, Alonzo, private ; drafted July 14, 1803 ; diach. Swingel, Jacob, private; drafted July 14, 1863. Werdine, Adolph, sergt., 109th N. Y. Inf, Co. I; enl. Aug. 4, 1862, three years; disch. J.in. 17, 1805. Swingle, Jacob John, private, 147tli N. Y. Inf, Co. A; drafted July 18, 1803, three years; disch. July 9, 1805. Hendrick, William, private, 107th N. Y. Vol. Inf., Co. I ; enl. July 23, 1802, three yeara^ disch. July 7, 1864. Van Riper, Jerry, private, 28th Art., Co. B ; enl. Jan. 5, 1863, three years ; discli. July 31, 1865. Van Riper, Norris, private, 104tb N. Y. Inf, Co. I); enl. June 1.5, 1802, three years ; died at Salisbury prison, N. C, Dec. 3, 1864. Conrad, John, private, 104th Inf, Co. D; enl. June 15, 1862, three years; died in Salisbury prison, N. C, Jan. 14, 1805. Evingham, Warren, private, 104tll Inf, Co. D ; enl. Juno 15, 1862, three yeai-a ; died in Salisbury prison. Dunton, Levi, private, 13th N. Y. Inf, Co. G; enl. Oct. 10, 1801, three years; disch. May 20, 1863. Pfaff, George, private, 104th N. Y. Inf., Co. D ; enl. June 20, 1862, three years ; disch. Dec. 24, 1802, for disability. Fuller, Chester, private, 107th N. Y. Inf., Co. I; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; disch. 1865. Bill, Henry, private, 28th N. Y. Art., Co. B; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years; disch. July 30, 1S6S. Olayson, Robert Halsted, private, 28th N. Y. Art., Co. B; eul. Aug. 23, 1864, one year; disch. July 30, 1805. Fish, Harvey, private, 179tli N. Y. Inf, Co. A; enl. Feb. 1804, three years; taken pris. at Petersburg; died at Andersonville, about July 24, 1805. Fox, George, private, 0th Art., Co. B; enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years ; disch. Aug. 24, 1805. Fox, Charles, private. Martin, Wesley, private, 189th Inf., Co. G; enl. Sept. 1, 1864, one year; disch. June 9, 1865. Curtis, Albert Dewitt, sergt., 161st Inf., Co. I ; enl. Aug. 22, 1S62, three years ; disch. Sept. 20, 1805. Pierce, Henry Clinton, Corp., lOlst Inf, Co. I; enl. Aug. 25, 1802, three years ; disch. Sept. 20, 1865. Tripp, Christopher C, private, 161st Inf., Co. I ; enl. Aug. 28, 1862, three years; died ot chronic diarrhoea while on a furlough home, about Oct. 25, 1864. Werermiller, Christian J., Corp., 28th Art.; enl, Aug. 1802, three years ;'disch. July 31, 1865. Werermiller, Henry, private, 2Stii Art.; enl. Jan. 1864, three years; disch. July 31,1805. Mehlembacker, Chriatopher, Jr., private, 28th Art. ; enl. Jan. 1864, three years ; disch. July 31, 186.5. Sick, Philip, Jr., 28tb Art,; enl. Aug. 1862, three years; disch. July 31, 1865. Moon, Koynolds, private, 86th Inf, Co. D; enl. Aug. 14, 1802, three years; disch. June 2, 1865. Fox, John George, private, 104th Inf., Co. B ; enl. March, 1862, three years; wounded. Frister, Charles. Uenny, Michael, 28tb Art.; enl. Oct. 4, 1864, three years; substitute for Jaraea Redman. Doughty, John, private, 28th Art. ; enl. Aug. 28, 1862, three years; disch. July 21,1865. Perkins, .lames, Jr., Corp., 28th Art. ; enl. 1862, three years; disch. July 12, 1865. Schutz, William, private, 97th Inf., Co. B; drafted July 24, 1863, three years; disch. July 18, 1865. Beck, George John, piivate, 107th Inf, Co. I; enl. July 30, 1802, three years; disch. April 20, 1803. Bill, John Nicholas, private, 28th Eegt. ; enl. Aug. 30, 1862, three years; disch. Aug. 1865. Gross, Joseph, private, 188th Inf, Co. C; enl. Sept. 20, 1864, one year ; killed at Hatcher's Run, Feb. 6, 1865. Huffman, Joseph, private, 188th Inf, Co. G. Didas, Peter, private, lS81h Inf, Co. G ; enl. one year. Didas, Peter, Jr., private, 188tli Inf, Co. E ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864, one year; disch. June 12, 1865. Hess, Alfred Marion, Corp., lS9th Inf, Co. G; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year; disch. June 8, 1865. Conrad, George, private, 18Sth Inf., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year ; disch. July 1, 1865. Roth, Stephen, private, 6th N. Y. Inf, Co. E; enl. Dec. 27, 1863, three years ; disch. Aug. 24, 1865. Ranber, Nicholas, private, 188th N. Y. Inf, Co. E ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864, one year. Booth, John, private, 188th Regt.; enl. Sept. 8, 1864, one year; disch.Jnly 1, 1805. Brown, Benjamin, private, 188th N. Y. Inf ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864, one year ; disch. May 9, 1805. Conrad, Christian, died -\pril, 1805, at City Point, of typhoid fever. Woolfango, Nicholas, private, 188th N. Y. Inf, Co. D; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year; disch. July 1, 1865. Yoakhen, Nicholas, private, 188th N. Y. Inf, Co. D ; enl. Sept. 2, 1804, one year; diach. July 10, 1865. Holaer, Frank, private, 188th N. Y. Inf, Co. E ; enl. Aug. 3, 1864, one year. Knhn, Jacob, private, 188th N. Y. Inf., Co. E; eul. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; diach. July 12, 1805. Kuhii, William, private, 188th N. Y. Inf, Co. E; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year; disch. July 12, 1865. Grine, Christian, private, ISSth N. Y. Inf, Co. D; one year; disch. July 10, 1865. Yoakhen, Mathew, private, 188th N. Y.Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 2, 1864, one year; disch. July 10, 1865. Schwingel, Philip, private, 188th N. Y. Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 3, 1864, one year; died Nov. 24, 1864, at City Point. Morehouse, Clark, private, 188th Inf, Co. G; enl. Sept. 19, 1864, one year; disch. Aug. 11, 1865. Miller, Peter, private, 188th N. Y. Inf., Co. E; enl. Sept. 1,1864, one year; disch. July 1, 1865. Miller, Nicholas, private, lS8tli N. Y. Inf, Co. E; enl. Sept. 10, 1804, one year; discli. July 1, 1865'. Madoun, Clayton Augustus, private, 104th N. Y. Inf, Co. D ; enl. Feb. 1, 1862, three years; disch. Dec. 3, 1662. Brown, Waldo, private, 18Sth N. Y. Inf, Co. H ; enl. Sept, 9, 1864, one year. Brown, David, private, 188th N. Y. Inf., Co. H; enl. Sept. 9, 1864, one year; wounded in tlie hand; hospital discharge. McDowell, Clayton Augustus, sergt., 188th N. Y. Inf, Co. D ; eul. Sept. 9, 1804, one year; disch. July 11, 1805. JoelWixson. rHOras BT an l FRONT OF HUUSE. ^ RESIDENCE OF JOEL WIXSOM. Wa, i Co, N. Y TOWN OF WAYNE. 425 Glover, Geo., ISStli Inf., Co. D ; eril. Sept. 9, 1804, one yoir ; disch. July 1. 1865. Dye, Iiii, ISStU N. Y. Inf., Co. D; enl. .\ng. 18G1, one year ; rtiscli. July 1,1863. Avery, Chauncey Stilman, Corp., 18StU N. Y. Inf.. (^o. II; enl. Sept. l>, 18G4, one year; disch. .Inly 1, 1865. Cole, Ilenian, private, 1st Dryer Cav., Co. G; enl. Aug. 4, 1862, three years; disch. Dec. 28, 18G3, for disability. Dildine, Eugene, private, 188tli N. Y. Begt., Co. E; enl. Aug. 30, 1864, one year; disch. July 9, 1863. Bjbor, William, priv.ate, 183tK Regt., Co. B; enl. Sjpt. 3, 1804, one year; disch. May 22, 1865. Smith, Wendell, private, ISSth Inf., Co. D; enl. Aug. 5, 1864, one year; died of typhoid fever, Jan. 20, 1865, at City Point. Shutes, Jacob, private, 188th Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 0, 1864, one year; disch. July 11, 1805. Smith, Peter, private, ISSth Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, one year; disch, July 11,1865. Kirch, John Nicholas, private, 89th Inf., Co. D ; enl. Fob. 5, 1804, three years ; disch. Aug. 3, 1800. Steinhart, Henry, private, 188th Inf., Co. D; enl. Sept. 12, 1804, one year; died of typhoid fever at City Point hospital, Jan. 29, 1805. Knoodle, Jolin, sergt., 161st Uegt., Co. I; enl. Aug. 31, 1862, three years; wounded and taken prisoner; disch. March 4. 1863. Jewell, lUiarles Collus, sergt., 154th N. Y. Begt., Co. C; enl. July 20, 1802, three years; digcli. June 11, 1865. Thompson, Georen Ehrbu, coip., 188th N. Y. Begt., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 7, 18&4, one year; disch. July 1, 1865. Thompson, Elisha Fleyley. private, ISStll N. Y. Begt., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 7, 1864, one year; disch. .July 1, 1865. Gianger, Andrew Andei-son, private, 188th N. Y. Begt., Co. E; enl. Sept. 3, 1804, oue year; disch. June 24, 18G3, List of the names of the persons who enlisted in the service and credited to the town of Wayland: Jacob Wyond, Peter K<'therled.i, J.icob IIollz, Lewis Ceckwith, Hoisted Clayson, Christian Oonidt, Klartin Dye, Melviii Glover Geo. H. Granger, Mathiiis Hock, A. M. Hess, James Harris, Frank Jencks, Jerome Kingslcy, Wendell Smith, Frederick Sick, Nicholas Sclmr, John Wurmiller, John Yocutn, Alex. .McDowell, Simon .McDowell, Charles D. Hess, lieuben Stetson, Merett Markliam, Joseph liorron, Albert Cory, Westley Martin, Lewis Bennett, George Hartwcll, Wni. H. Somniers, Orlando Pettis, Simon G. Avery, Cliauncey S. Avery, John G. Beck, UcnJ. Brown, Wm. M. Booth, John Booth, Wm. Baker, Irii W. Cliace, Henry Dye, Peter Ditas (1st). Peter Ditas (;d), Henry W. Dyer, David Forester, John Foot, Almond J. Abranis, Andrew A. Granger, Gideon S. Granger, Pery Hoago, Joseph HofTnian, John H. Hunter, Frank llolser, William Johnson, Wm. S. Kellogg, Augustus Keruchtou, Win. Knhn, Michael Morch, Daniel Magee, Wm. Kanber, I'eter Smith, Albert Sedgwick, Philip Schwingle, Andrew Totlon, Lorenzo Wodkins, Nicholas Yocum, Christian Yocnm, John Youngs, Chester llittus, Adolphus Werdine, Tlioniiie Kester, Bc.imun, George Youngs, Orleans W. Day, Joseph Smith, Jacob Smith, Orin Van Valkenburg, Martin Guglo, Conrad Deiter, George Fuller, Adam Foot, Micliael Albright, .John B. Kruchlen, Peter Newnuan, Christian Grim, John Grim, Levi G. Uunton, Joseph Sutton, Cornelius Dcnjerest. Claysou Wlieoler. Eiduted in Buffalo.— T\tM\i:ia Brown, Matthias Ilowet, Harry G. Osgood, Charles Lewis, John Taylor, John Hardlor, Oscar Canhnm, John Doyle, William Dowl, John aiaker, Albert Kise, Watson Sharp, John Pyle. Enlisted in i?oc/(tf«t«r.— George Simpson, Dick Green. Muslered in iil £/mmi.—Wra. Clark, John Wall, John Lawless, John Cokeloy, Howard Buchanan, John Lewis, Alexander ('ollins, Fr.ink Tinna, John Brown, Johani Karl, Thoma.s Cowen, .\lbort Smith, Wm. 3Ioon, W. C, Johnson. WAYNE. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. This town is situated upon Lake Keuka, on the east border of the county. It is bounded north by Lake Keuka, east by the county line, south by Bradford, and west by Urbana and a portion of Lake Keuka. The town is about nine miles long by four wide, and the north end terminates in a point upon the lake. PHTSICAL FEATURES. The surface of this town is a rolling upland, from four to five hundred feet high, forming a plateau of rich and well-cultivated farms, and descending abruptly to the lake on the west and north. The northern end of the town along the lake-shore, being opposite the high lands of Pulteney, and sheltered by them from the northwest and west winds, is peculiarly adapted to fruit, and contains some of the fine.st vineyards in the grape-growing section of this county. Peaches are also successfully raised in this locality. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam, resting upon a subsoil of hard-pan. Lake Wanota (Little Lake), lying upon the east border, is a beautiful sheet of clear water, three miles in length by half a mile in width. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlers in the present town of Wayne were Zephaniah HoflF, Henry Mapes, Widow Jennings, and Solo- 54 mon Wixsoii, in 1791. Enos, Joseph, and James Sil.sbee, Abraham Hendricks, Joshua Siuitii, John Holdridge, Elijah Reynolds, and Kphraiiu Tyler were also among the pioneers. The first birth was that of Elizabeth Wisson, Nov. 6, 1793; the first marriage was that of I'^phraim Sanford, Jr., and Julia Hoft". Nathaniel Frisbie taught the first school in 1797. Ephraim Sanford, who had been a soldier in the Revo- lution, came from Luzerne Co., Pa., and settled, in 1793, within the present boundaries of the town of Wayne. He bought of Jacob Hallctt, of the city of New York, 1864 acres of land in and around said town for £4(50 in 1793. A portion of the laud he afterwards sold for eighteen pence an acre. He first settled on the farm where his grandson, Russel Sanford, now lives. Wolves and bears at that early day were a source of frequent annoyance. He immediately gave his attention to clearing land, and as the settlement grew in numbera he became also a pioneer worker in the religious cau.se. He was an earnest member of the Baptist ministry, doing his work always from the conscious- ness of duty, and never accepting any pay for his services. He was identified with the building of the Baptist church on the Salter corners in 1794, wliich at that time belonged to the Chemung Association. In 1802 he prospected in Allegany County, and in 1804 he moved his fiuuily there, and .settled in the town of 426 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Oramel. He helJ at his house the first religious meeting in that town. His daughter Betsey was the first child born in the town of Oramel. He afterwards returned with his family to his former place of settlement, in the town of Wayne, where he died in the care of his son James, in the eighty-ninth year of his age. His children were James, Sallie, Betsey, John, David, Ephraim, Densey, and Wil- liam, all of whom died in the town of Wayne ; Irena, died in Banington. James died with his son Russel, on the farm of his father, Jan. 31, 1842. Russel Sanford has two children. Enos Silsbee was born in 1765, in the Stato of Pennsyl- vania. In 1794 he came with his wife and children, John, James, and Deborah, settled, made the first clearing, and erected the first building on the farm near the Hunter school-house, where his grandson, Isaac Silsbee, now lives. He toiled early and late to clear his farm. He kept the first hotel in the territory embraced by the town of Wayne. He built the first ashery, which he ran for a number of years. Farming, however, was his principal vocation. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church. He died on the form he settled, in 1830. His daughter, Sarah, was born in the town of Wayne. John Silsbee, the oldest son, settled on the form where Samuel Bailey now lives ; he there built and ran the first saw-mill in the town of Wayne. He afterwards moved on the form his father settled, and tliere reared the following family, viz : Sobrina, who died in Yates County ; Joshua,* who died in California ; Calvin, who now lives in Michigan ; Angeline, who lives in Tyrone ; Francis, Arminda, Martha, and Isaac, who now live in Wayne. James Silsbee, the son of Enos, in company with Fitch, ran the first store in Wayne, near the Hunter school-house. He built the first tannery, and ran the first grist-mill by horse-power. It had one run of stone, consisting of two cylindrical stones lying horizontal and parallel, and revolving towards each other. He finally moved to Avoca. Anthony Swarthout came from Seneca County and set- tled the Asa Swarthout farm, on the banks of Keuka Lake, near Keuka, about 1806. He made a clearing, and built a log house and log barn. Around him was a howling wil- derness. He lost eighteen sheep in one night by the wolves. A village of Indian wigwams stood on the beach of the lake, just below Mr. Swarthout's house. His relations with the Indians were always friendly. Ho often enjoyed with them their hunting and fishing sports. He was a suc- cessful farmer, and a member of the Baptist Church. He died on the farm he settled. His children were Ezekiel, John, Henry, Caleb, George, Andrew (who was elected three years supervisor without opposition), Asa, Catharine, Anna, Elizabeth, and Mary. Abram Hendricks was the first settler at Keuka, on about one hundred acres of land. He was succeeded by Jabez Hopkins, who kept the first hotel at Keuka, in a log and frame building ; he also kept the first store at Keuka. He was an active business man, engaging in farming and cattle- * Joshua Silsbee was one of the most noted comedians of his age. He was the first to introduce the Yankee character on the American stage, in Philadelphia, and acquired the sobriquet of " Yankee Sils- bee." buying. Reverses, however, overtook him in later life, and he finally died with his daughter Huldah, in the town of Bath. His children were Charles, Harry, Huldah, and Betsey, the last of whom married Henry Houck. The next man at Keuka was Aaron Olmstead, who was an early blacksmith in the town of Wayne. He made axes and scythes by horse-power ; he built the second warehouse at Keuka, and was also innkeeper. His children were Eliza, Hanford, Julia, Charles, and Mary. Thomas Bennett and Parker were the first occupants on the Goblc form, just below Keuka. They became somewhat notorious in counterfeiting the metallic currency of their day. Bennett was arrested and sentenced to State-prison, after five years was pardoned, and died within one year thereafter. Parker escaped the officers in pursuit by swing- ing his horse across the lake at Three-Mile Point. John Goble was the first permatient settler on the same premises. He was a good man, and died in the faith of the Baptist Church, leaving his son, Gersham, who also died on the same farm. The children of Gersham were Jonathan (who married Eliza Weeks, and went to Japati as a missionary), Rachel, Jennie, Henry, Rebecca, and Mary. Thomas Margeson came from Essex Co., N. J., and set- tled on the Sutter form, in 1806. He was the first shoe- maker in the town. He devoted his time to his trade and forming. He was for many years a member of the Baptist Church. He died in the town of Wayne, in 1827. The following were his children : John, Thomas, Charles, Ben- jamin, Job, Israel, Caleb, Cornelius, Elizabeth, Susannah, Hannah, and Mary, who now lives in the town of Wayne with her nephew, Israel. Henry Houck came from Germany, and "married Polly Bell, an English lady, in the city of New York, and set- tled in the town of Wayne, in an etirly day, on the farm where Joseph Rote now lives, where he made the first clearing and built the first house ; he was a farmer and be- longed to the Presbyterian Church. His children were Andrew, Nellie, Peter, Henry, Sallie, Abel, John, and Joseph ; the last of whom married Maria Rarrick, and settled on the farm where his son, J. E. Houck, now lives. He died in 1828, and left his wife amid the hardships of that early day with a family of little children, of which the following were members : Henry, Van Rensselaer, Betsey, Luenna, Matilda, Catherine, Caroline, Polly, and Joseph E. The grandchildren of Henry Houck, the pioneer, now number thirty-seven, and his great-grandchildren, seventy- two. Israel R. Wood was born in 1790, moved from Orange County to Steuben in 1814, settled, and made the first clearing on the farm where his son Jonathan now lives, in 1816. The next spring he built a log house near the old orchard now growing on the same farm. By hard and vig- orous work the heavy timber on his land gradually faded away, and lot after lot was made suitable for the plow, until he had the satisfaction of seeing his form .sufficiently cleared. He then gave his attention to stumping until these incum- brances were nearly all removed, and he had seven miles of stump-fence on his iarm. In order to improve the productive- ness of his farm, he for a third time worked over it in the way of ditching. He was a very successful farmer, and a member t^ w ■, M.VKNAPP MRS M.V. KNAPP. M V. KNAPP, W/AYNE, Steuben Co.n TOWN OF WAYNE. 427 of the Episcopal Church. He died in possession of about 500 acres of land in 1SU8. His children were Abram Fleet, Jonathan, and Andrew (the last two now live in the town of Wayne), Ida, Joel P., Emily, Jane, William, Israel, Henry S. (who died a soldier in Virj^iiiia), Mary Ann, Dru- silla, and John. Joseph Bailey, a soldier of the llevolution, came from Orange County and settled in Wayne, on the farm where Henry Houck lives, about 1799. His title proving de- fective, he then settled the Cornelius Bailey farm, which he cleared and improved. He raised his family there, and being remote from grist-mills he burned a hole in the top of a stump in whicli to pound grain for his family's use. His meat consisted of deer, many of which he caught in the lake after the dogs had run them in. His children were John S., Cornelius, Samuel, Jemima, Nathan, and Elizabeth. John S. Bailey, the first of the above children, settled and cleared the Grove Spring farm. He died in the town of Wayne, with his son Samuel, in 1875. George Hunter was the first settler on the farm where D. nice now lives. He was a prominent citizen, with de- cided traits of character. He was supervisor of his town, and always interested in public affiiirs. At the election in 1840, he, being a conservative, refused to vote because he did not want to deposit his ballot with Democrats and Whigs; finally he deposited his vote in a box made for the especial purpose of receiving it. He died on the same farm, in 1845. He married Deborah Silsbee. His sons were Harvey, Harrison, Horatio, Horace, and Henry ; the last of whom studied law with Judge Walles, of Penn Yan, and practiced at Rochester, where he was city attor- ney, and where he died. The daughters were Maria, Julia, Emily, Sallie, Mary, and Eliza, who married the Rev. Daniel Russell. Solomon Wixson settled in 1791, on the farm where his grandson Solomon now lives. He built his first house on the banks of the lake; he was a farmer by occupation, al- though he served his town as justice of the peace. He lived and died on the same farm he settled, surrounded by the fruits of his labor. His children were Joseph, Joshua, Reuben, John, Daniel, James, Solomon, Elizabeth, Polly, Clary, and Jllijah, who died on the same farm in 1878. John Earnest settled in the town in the fall of 1817, near where Wni. 0. Baile}' now lives. He was an early blacksmith in the town ; he made axes for which people came thirty miles ; two years after he moved to Avoca. At one time, while bringing a load of salt from Geneva to that place, when within two miles of home, he was confronted by a panther in the road ; his wagon got fast in a mud-hole, and while he was unhitching his team they broke loose and ran away, and left Mr. Earnest to face his merciless enemy alone ; finally a dog drew his attention and Mr. Earnest escaped, and ran till he fell with terrible fright in his own door. He afterwards returned to the town of Wayne, where he became a member of the Presbyterian Church. He lived in the town the remainder of his life, and died with his son John in the eighty-fifth year of his age. His children were Julia Ann, John J., Mary J., Lsaac, Alexander, George W., Eliza, and De Witt. His son John has always lived in the town of Wayne- He has been engaged in wagon and carriage makins, wool, sheep, and cattle buying. He wa.s supervisor and assessor in his town, and has been prominently identified with it.s interest. He has always been an earnest worker in the temperance cause, even when it required courage to do so. The first school-house in the town of Wayne was a log building, and stood on the Salter corners. William Brewer was an early shoemaker in the town. He practiced law somewhat in justice courts. He bought Jo.seph Wedge's wife for a pair of boots, with whom he lived till he died. Fitch & Silsbee were the first storekeepers. Dr. Wells and Dr. Comstock were the first physicians. The Stubbs family were among the early .settlers of Wayne. Simeon Sackett was the first settler on the farm now owned by James Smith. He was a farmer by occupation. He died on the same farm with a disea.se called by the early settlers " the cold plague." John Teeple made the first clearing in the south part of the town of Wayne, on the Teeple farm, about 1800. He was the first surveyor in the territory now known as Wayne ; he was a good farmer and built and ran a distillery. In his neighborhood belief in witchcraft at one time was quite prevalent. It was believed his daughter Polly was bewitched. An image was formed of dough made of flour and the blood of the person bewitched, and shot with a silver bullet, believing that they would thereby kill the witch, Mrs. Slooum. He died on the same farm. His children were George, Jacob, Margaret, and Polly. John B. Mitchell, Sr., was born in England in 1772, and came to this country when a young man. He stopped in New York City for a few years, where he married Ann O'Roark ; moved to Paterson, N. J., and stayed there a year or two, and then went to Utica, N. Y., where he remained till the close of the war, in 1814. He then removed to Wayne with his family. He brought a stock of goods with him, and upon his arrival opened a store, which he after- wards sold out to Silsbee & Fitch. He had eight chil- dren, — Ann Eliza, John B., Maria, George D., Thomas, Mary Ann, Joseph, and Richard. None are now living ex- cept Maria McDowell and Joseph, who reside in Wayne. He died in 1841. John B. Mitchell, deceased, was born in the city of New York, May 14, 1802, of Engli.sh parentage. In his infancy his father moved to Utica, and about seven years later emi- grated to Frederickstown, Steuben Co., which embraced what is now Bradford, Tyrone, Wayne, and Barrington. He resided with his father, John B. Mitchell, Sr., who was engaged in farming and distilling up to 1825-26, with the exception of a short time while a clerk in the store of John II. Gan- sevoort, at Bath. Shortly after this he commenced the mercantile business in a small way for himself at Wayne, increasing his business from year to year, until he estab- lished a branch store at Bradford, where he bought wheat and other, produce, and shipped it down the river in arks to Baltimore. Abandoning business at Bradford, he and Michael Willour (now deceased) started the first store at Watkins, and continued in business there for several years. 428 HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. He then established a second store at Wayne. Then he re-establi.shed a more extensive business at Bradford, deal- ing largely in lumber and shingles, shipping to the Eastern cities by the Crooked Lake and Erie Canals. He built a commodious warehouse on the shore of Keuka (Crooked) Lake, where he bought and shipped large quantities of grain. He was one of the largest contributors to the Crooked Lake Canal in grain, timber, lumber, shingles, etc., owning and running several canal-boats. He then built a foun- dry and machine-shop at Wayne, and afterwards a steam saw-mill, and operated them successfully. He dealt largely in cattle and sheep, and drove them to Philadelphia market. He bought and sold timber and farm lands, own- ing eight and ten farms at once. Necessarily trusting to others in the management of such an extensive business, together with the failure of his brother, for whom he in- dorsed largely, he was obliged in the summer of 1851 to submit to the galling necessity of seeing his property, which he had been twenty-five years in accumulating, by incessant toil both day and night, sacrificed under the sheriff's hammer, the mere pittance which it brought satisfying but a small portion of the demands, leaving him to struggle to the end of his life under a burden that hung like a " mill-stone about his neck," with a young family of children to main- tain. Ambitious and energetic beyond most men, he made desperate struggles to free himself from his indebtedness in an honorable way, hoping that some time in the immediate future he would be able to do it, and assume his position as one of the foremost business men of the country, when he hoped to carry out the cherished projects of his earlier and more prosperous career. But the task was greater than he could accomplish, stripped and hampered as he was, with one exception. He had the gratification of knowing that the Episcopal Church, of which he was a member, and which he labored so long to establish, would be completed. In politics he was a Whig and Republican. Wheu his town was Democratic he was elected supervisor two years by large m.ijorities, and declined to take it a third time. He was bold and fearless iil the expression of his ideas, and unyielding in his convictions. He died on the 14th day of January, 1873, in the seventy-first year of hi.s age. Matthew McDowell was born March 28, 1798, at the foot of Lake Keuka, on the east bank of the outlet. His father, John McDowell, and his mother, Catherine Par- kinson, came from New Jersey in 1794, with Col. William- son. He married Maria Mitchell, June 21, 1827. Hecame to Wayne wheu a young man, and located on the fiirm where his son Frank now resides. He has four children, — Ann E. (who married Samuel Hallett), Francis M., Marie Louise (wife of Gen. N. M. Crane), and George W., all of whom are now living in Steuben County. Mr. McDowell was supervisor for several years, and justice of the peace for a long time. He was always a Democrat. He died June 2G, 1864. GRAPE INTEREST. The first vineyard in the town of Wayne was set in 1863 by John Grace, on the property now owned by the Keuka Vineyard Company, at Keuka, who are the largest grape- growers on the lake, their vineyards embracing more than 100 acres. The second vineyard was set on the lot where Prudence Houck now lives at Keuka by James or Norman Sunderlin. At the time these vineyards were set there was some doubt as to whether the grapes would ripen as well on the east side of the lake as they would on the west side. It has been demonstrated, however, that they not only do as well, but as a matter of fact they ripen a few days earlier. There is at the present time about 300 acres of bearing vineyard in this town, consisting principally of the follow- ing varieties: Catawba, Delaware, Diana, lona, Isabella, Concords; other varieties do equally well. The average yield of these vineyards is about one and a half tons per acre, and the average price about $100 per ton. It has been demonstrated that the peach can here be successfully cultivated ; there are a few fine orchards now growing, with an average yield of about 150 bushels per acre. ORGANIZATION. Wayne was formed as " Frederickstown," March 18, 1796. Its name was changed, April 6, 1808, in honor of Gen. Anthony Wayne. Reading, Schuyler Co., was taken ofi' in 1806, Orange, Schuyler Co., in 1813, and Barring- ton, Yates Co., and Tyrone, Schuyler Co., in 1822. A part was annexed to Tyrone, April 17, 1854. In 1801 all the votes cast for Governor in the town of Frederickstown were 26. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS.* Supervisors. Town Clerks. Collectors. 1801. Benjamin Wells. Joshua Smith. (No Record.) 1802. « it " Lorin Francis. 180.3. a a '* " Simeon Sackett. 1804. John Dow. ti it it tt 1805. Jacob Teeple. u t. .1 it ISOfi. It It n a a it 1807. It it u u it it 1808. John Teeple. Benjamin Sackett. tt (1 1809. tt ti ti tt tt it 1810. " " u u tt it ISll. ti it it ti James Sanford. 1812. it it John Silsbce. Matthew Knapp. 1813. H ti Benjamin Sackett. James Silsbee. 1814. tt It if ti Matthew Knapp. 1815. ti tt tt tt Jabez Hopkins. 1816. it tt it ti Jacob Hoagland. 1817. William Kernan. a tt Reuben Nixon. 1818. " " it it Joseph Hause. 1819. John Teeple. it *i Alexander Patten. 1820. " Enoch Decamp. William Tompkins. 1821. it it it t. George W. Teeple. 1822. David Hall. it tt Julius Eaton. 1823. William E. Wells. George Hunter. Oliver Rice. 1824. (t it ti it it ti 1820. a a tt a it tt 1826. ft It David Hall. it it 1827. George Hunter. a it James B. Curry. 1828. it i( Enoch Webster. it it 1829. tt it " '* Wm. R. Holdridge. 1830. William Birdseil. ti a it it 1831. it it Orlando Comstock. Benjamin R. Sweek 1832. George Hunter. . « " Joseph Coykendall. 1833. 11 ti it it John Degraw. 1834. Mathew McDowell. . It ti Edward Richmond. 1835. tt i. ti ti Rice Tompkins. ■ No records were kept in the town previous to 1801. FRANCIS M. McDowell was borii at Wayne, Steuben Co., N. Y., on tlie 12th of June, 1831. He was the eldest son of Matthew and Maria McDowell, and was educated in the common school, with the exception of a few terms at an academy. He developed a great taste for reading when a boy, giving up all his leisure to it, from which he derived a great fund of information. During the fall of 1851 he went to Adrian, N. Y., and soon after became interested with Mr. Samuel Hallett in the lumber business. When tlie Bank of Hornellsville was organized, in 1854, he was elected cashier. In January, 1857, the firm of Samuel Hallett & Co. was formed, of which he was a member, and he removed to New York and took charge of the business during Mr. Hallett's two years' absence in Europe on important railroad negotiations. During the next few years Mr. McDowell visited Euro[)e several times in the inter&st of the firm, and while there traveled extensively in England and on the continent. He was married in London, in October, 1861, to Sarah Josephine Spang, daughter of Charles F. Spang, of Pittsburgh, Pa., who died abroad in 1868, where she had been some years for her health. In 1863 he was one of the firm who took the contract to build the Union Pacific Railroad, Eastern Division, now known as the Kansas Pacific, and had charge of their office in New York. Owing to difficulties with Gen. John C. Fremont, this firm was dissolved, and the construction of the road was continued by Mr. Samuel Hallett until his death . During the winter of 1867-68 he was one of seven gentlemen who founded the order known as the Patrons of Husbandry. Soon after he was elected treasurer of the National Grange, which office he still holds. This order has a larger mem- bership than any order ever organized in tlie United States, — and probably in the world. For many years he has lived at Wayne, N. Y., and has been extensively engaged with others in growing grapes on the shores of Lake Kiuka. They have at this time the largest vineyards in tliis section. In December, 1874, he married Eva, daughter of Wm. M. Sherwood, of Woodhull, N. Y. He has sincfi resided on the old homestead, which has been occupied by the family for over fifty years. Mr. McDowell has great perseverance, and there are few his superiors in geniality of temper and ability to make friends. il TOWN OF WAYNE. 429 1836. 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1840. 1847. 1848. 1849. lS,iO. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. Snpervisore. Orlando Comstock. it n John P. Lozicr. Henry Chichester. Orlando Comstock. Jacob Teeple. Levi Knox, Town Clerks. Geo. G. lloldridge. Rice Tompkins. William T. Hastings. Williiim Birdscll. Shclden W. Mungar. Horatio Hunter. Collectors. Kice Tompkins. James Covert, Jr. Keubcn Smith. Daniel W. .Sundcrlin. William H. Doughty Harsey Hill. " " An