LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. / ^ aOiJOTo^ MINING DISTRICT ^\Guide Bookph BilSCDM A, STEPHENS; QtiuaTDii, RmzaNiL. 1834, TUCSON: CITIZEN PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY. iaa4. ':....'^^ Ti^ |r,,-jch ji,,-. WVlu.lesulodeuier in imii . end Produce, ^ fr,,^^vv,, a rfl . VV. -BLlcOllalll^ in aU branchea. No- 205 Congress Ht., i A IHj^UII, A* A. PIfllEEB MS DEPOT OF miML Established 1.S70, by 9 & 11 CONGRESS STREE r, TUCSON, A. T. NEWEST BOOKS, LATEST PERIODICALS, STATIONERY, TOYS, STATUARY, YANKEE NOTIONS, ETC. A CIRCULATING LIBRARY IN ENGLISH, SPANISH AND GERMAN. A. QOLDSOHMIDT. J. S. MANSFELD. Qaijotoa. Tucson. J,S. MANSFELD&CO., QUIJOIOA, ARIZONA, BRANCH NEWS STAND. Everything in our line kept here. /I AY 6 ^084 IV. ADVERTISEME^■TS. Jaees il. Toole. Ohaeles Hudson. HUDSON & CO., SUOCESSOKiS TO SAFFORD, HUDSON & CO, BANKERS. TUCSON and TOMBSTONE Draw Bills of Exchange AND MAKE TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS OF MONEY Ou all the principal points in Europe andihe United States DECEIVE DEPOSITS, PURCHASE OR MAKE ADVANCES ON JA Territorial and County Bonds and Warrants, approved Commer- cial Paper, etc., and Transact a General Banking Business. Deposila of Bullion made with us or shipped to Anglo-California Bank, San Francisco, for our account, can be checked against immedi- ately. CORRESPONDENTS: NEW YORK J. & W. SELIGMAN & CO. SAN FRANCISCO ANGLO-CALIFORNIA BANK. LOS ANGELES FIRST NATIONAL BANK. ST. LOUIS BANK OF COMMERCE. CHICAGO MERCH ANTS' SAVINGS, L & TRUST CO. BOSTON MASSACHUSETTS NATIONAL BANK PHILADELPHIA CENTRAL NATIONAL BANK. VI, ADVERTISEMENTS. CELEBRATED SCHLITZ'S e Export Beer! Bottled at Milwaukee. CZ3 OS CO £3.. C3 CO O) CO CD .A. Oa,rci! CD p., CD C ^■D- 0' To ■whom it may Concern; This iB to certify Mint VOKCHTING, SHAPE & CO., are the Sole and Only bot- tlers of our ExPOKT Bkei{ in Milwaukee, bottling the same on OUR premises. Tins justly celebmted Export Beer is brewed by us expressly for VOECHTING'. SHAPE & CO.. of the choicest Hops and Malt, and is guaranteed by us to be purf;3 and adulterated. jOS. SCHLITZ BREWING CO.. I call the attention of the trade to the above card of the Joeeuhi Schlitz Brewing company, and that the beer bottled by Voechtihg , Shape & Co., and reprepresented by me in this territory, is the oalv/ beer they certify to as being pure aud unadulerated, being bottled^ oni their premises and consequently does not sulier deterioration by traas- tation as it does in kegs. The trade siipplie.1 by M. DANNHEIM, Tucson^ A ^. First Niitioiial Baa J- ''. Hwdy, Pres't. B. M. JacobF, (lasli'r. N TucKOii, A.T. Designated Jjepsitory: ^^Sst'd^l^otKMi'lof IHe United Stetes. Vlll. ADVERTISEMENTS. EARLL, SMITH, CAMPBELL & STEPHENS, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Office — Pearaon block, up-ntairs, Tu cbod, Arizona. THOS. D. SATTEKWHITE WILSON W. HOOVEB. HOOVER & SATTERWHITE, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS, No. 6 Camp ^trppt. - . . . Tucson. Arizona. ■ M. LOVEIilj. B. H, HEREFOED. HEREFORD & LOVELL, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW, No. 8 Camp street, .... Tucson, Arizona. WILLIAM J. OSBORN, Attorney at Law, Notary Public and Conveyancer. Special assist- ance priven in obtaining patents for mining and pre-emption claims, and also title to land under the desert and timber culture laws. Office at the court house, Tucson, Arizona. J. T. GRIFFITH, Justice of the Peace and Notary Public. Logan avenue, Logan City, Ariz 'ua. General Collection, Com mission and Real Estate. EUGENE W. ARAM, Attorney at Law and Notary Public, Logan Avenue, Logan City.. A. T. Will practice in all courts. Special attention given mi ning cases. F. A. ODERMATT, Operative and Prosthetic Dentist, 213 Penning street (up-stairs), Tucson, Arizona. ~ GLASSMAN & CO., Logan Brewery. Beer, Ale and Porter. "Wine Liquors and Cigars. Logan avfe'nue, Logan City. Arizona. PIONEER LODGING HOUSE, Logan avenue, Logan City. M. L. Wurts, proprietor. Good com- fortable beds. NEW VIKGINL4 BILLIARD HALL, I. A. Rose, proprietor. Corner Main and B streets, New Virginia, Arizona. Fine brands of Wine, Liquors and Cigars always on hand. MELSTED'S CHOP-HOUSE, BAKERY AND RESTAURANT, Logan avenue, Logan City, Arizona. J. Melsted, proprietor. Open day and night. Everything in the eating line, from a cup of coffee, to a square meal, at mode rate pric a. LOUIS E. SCHOLL, Dealer Ui Cigars, Tohaceo, Ciiti.ery, JVotions, Etc., Logan Avenue, - - - Qnijotoa, Arizona. W. B. WALKER, Assayer, Loiran avenue, Logau City, Arizona. Silver and gold, $'2; copper, .f3; lead, SS. A reduction oq three or more a.'^says. Special terms, to mining companies, Prompt attention given samples from a distance. ADVERTISEMENTS. IX. Livery and Feed Stable, F. L. ELY, Prop. Logan av enue, Logan City, A. T. JOHN C. CROWELL, Main Street, New Virginia. Arizona Territory. WILLfAM SELLER, Oon-t"rgLO"bor a^nci Biailcier. Office — Head of S hotwell aventie, Logan City. JOHN H. WEBER, Oon"Lra.G"tor a^ndL Biailcier, . [11:;^° Wi th Prince Bros. Logan Avenue. PAUL PLUMMER. J"e"weler and 0"p"tioia.n. Thoeo who c>innot see gold in the rocks s^hould send to me for glaesee which will he!p them to see the metal. Tucson Arizona, F. Y. HAUCK, Blacksmith. Horsfshoeing and General Blacksmith Work. New Virginia, op posite Virginia Corral. L. & E. JONES, Corral a^nci Livery S^alole, Logan Avenue. L. ENGLISH & CO., Xjiamloer "Ya-rci Logan avenue. J, P. Johnson, agent. M. RISINGER, CorLtra-otor a^nci B-U-ilcier^ Logan avenue, Logan City, A. T. P. HASSETT, Bakery and Groceries. Lotran avenue. Fresh Bread Daily. Pies and Cakes, Flour, Barley, Potatoes and general ^'roceries. ' PROCTOR & CO., " Wholesale and Retail. Logan avenue. P. GAIJTRIAUD& CO. GBOCBBIES AND PIWVISIONS. Groceries and provisions, liquors and^gfirs. M ain St., New Virginia HIBBARD &l:^ASANEGArProps; HEAJJO UABTEliH SALOO .T. Sohlitz Milwaukee Beer. | Logan avenue. X. ADVERTISEMENTS. J. R HAYTER, Attorney aud Coxiuselior at Law. Notary Public. Connected with New Virginia Townsite company. IL^ 'Oifice with company, New Virginia. PALACE HOTEL, TLTCSON, ARIZONA, - - - GEO. RAYFIELD, PRO. Coach from all trains to hotel free of charge to gneeis. Charges, $2.50 to S5 per day, according t> loc^ation of room. Day board, $7 per week. Special terms to families or parties desiring to stay a certain length of time HEADQUARTERS SALOON, Third Street, .... New Virginia, Arizona. Only the best brands of Beer, Wines, Liquors and Cigars. No poison sold here. A. J. FRAZER, Proprietor. C. S. SHOTWELL, Groceries and Oenere! ierchaodise, Logan Avenue, ... - Logan City, Arizona. MALONEY & CO., Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Lo^an Avenue, - - Logan City, Arizona. (E^^Reading Room. The finest place in town. NEW VIRGINIA CORRAL, J\''ew Virginia, Arizona. KNOX & SEAT, Propbietors. The Largest corral in tbo camp. Saddle horses for hire. STAGE LINE, From Tucson to Oracle and American Flag, M. a. SAMANIEGO, . . - . Proprietor. saddle"" SHOP, Cor. Jackson and Meyer Streefs, Tiieson, Arizona. All kinds of work done in my line. M G. Samaniego, Pro. ADVERTISEMENTS. XI. THE NEIW VIRGINIA TOWNSiTE COi^PaNY, OFFICE- ON THIRD 8TRKET. Following is a dias:ram of a block m New Virginia: N W 26 25 •24 23 1 2 8 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 56 21 20 19 14 Fourteen-foot alLdys run north and south throiigh each block. Liot8 running north and south are 30x100 feet; lots running east and •west are 30x120 feet. The townsite is most beautifully located on the eastern slope of the Quijotoa mountains, and has splendid drainage. All streets are eighty feet wide. Those running east and west are numbered; those running north and south are lettered. Especial attention to visitors. Strangers invited to call and ex- amine maps and plats. Terms reasonable. Correspmdence solicited. Address, New Virginia Toavnsite Company. Quijotoa, Arizona. QUIJOTOA MINING DISTRICT GUIDE BOOK. BASCDM R, STEPHENS; gUUDTDA, R-RIZDNR. 1BB4. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1884, by BAscoM A. stephf:ns. In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. \ X PREFACE, Even a guide-book must have a preface. I have been cognizant of the Quijotoa boom for the past ten months, and have watched each step, and am person- ally acquainted with the Arizona men who have fig- ured principally therein, and also with Messrs. Man- love, Tozer and Hughes, whose testimony in regard to the bonanza mines is here published, and may be relied upon in every particular as the truth. These conservative o-entlemen have carefullv drawn their reports, a little, if anything, under the reality, for fear, perhaps, of being disbelieved. The informa- mation concerning the other mines comes from the owners or interested friends in every instance, and must be taken accordingly. The latest news to date of the principal mines of Quijotoa district and Pniia county have been incorporated in this book. This little work is sent forth with the hope that the m- iormation it contains may be like good seed sown in fruitiul ground bearing a hundred fold, in that many of those who read may come with their wealth of brain and brawn and bank and assist in developing the un- limited resources of the full embrja) ic State of Ari- zona. Bascom a. Stephens. Tucson, April 14, 1884. QUIJOTOA "The wealth of the world will yet be found in Arizona and New Mexico."— Baron Humboldt. ■f UIJOTOA is the name of a rancre of inoim- I) tains in Southern Arizona, some twenty ^ miles in length, and lying just west of the H2th meridian of longitude. They have a general altitude of 4,000 feet, and derive their name from their principal peak, which the Papago Indians, the aborig- inal tribe of Christianized Pimas,call Kee-ho-toe-ah,or basket-mountain, from the resemblance of its outlines to a basket, such as is made by the Papagos. Kee-hoe means basket and toe-ah an eminence. This peak is shown in the left-hand corner of the frontispiece. Quijo-toa is simply the Sjmnish orthography of the Papago word. The rest of the mountain to the right, as shown in the picture, the Papagoes call Gah-kotkh, which means crooked. When one looks at the moun- tain, and sees the steep palisades, which constitutes its surrounding walls, and which in some instances are over 1,000 feet in height, the Indian name seems to be very appropriate. Various names, as the Peer mountain and Ben Nevis, have of late been bestowed upon it, but none is so natural as that given by the "oldest inhabitants." The name of Ben Nevis was given to the major portion of the mountain b}^ S. A. Manlove in honor of Alexander McKay, the wiry Scotchman, and first white man who ever scaled its 18 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. rugged and precipitous heights. The uauie is pure Anglo-Saxon, and a striking aj^pHcation suggetsts it- self in configuration and surroundings to its celebrated namesake, of which the poet Keats, thus writes in one of his sublime sonnets: BEN NEVIS. We climb, we pant, we pause; again we climb. Frown not, stem mountain, nor around tliee throv Thy mist and t-torm; but look with cloudless brow O'er all ihy siaut progeny sublime. While toiling- up the immeasurable heipht We climb, we pant, we pause; tlie thickening gloom Hath palled us in the darkness of the tomb. And on the hard-worn summit, sound nor sight Salute us, save the snow au'i chilling blfiet. And all the guardian friends of v inter's throne. Such, too, is life, ten thotisand perils passed, Our fame is vapor, end our mirth a groan. But, patience; the veil be rent away, And on our vision flash celestial day. These mountains, as all ranges are in Arizona, stand unconnected with other chains. They rise ab- ruptly from the plains, run a few miles, and disap- pear. No forests clothe their sides, or streams of living w^ater flow down the gulches of the Quijotoas. The diminutive mesquitr, of the locust family, and the still smaller palo verde (green wood), a species of trees peculiar to the southwestern part of the United States, grow on their foot-hills. The giant cactus, and a hundred smaller species, stand ready from base to summit to attack the defenseless prospector. If every rose has a thorn; it is evident in Arizona that every thorn does not have a rose. In the heat of summer a species of these cactus afford sufficient moisture to save life. On the mountain summits great ledges occnsionalh^ show themselves, sometimes containing only "barren" quartz, or possessing simply an "iron cap," or again exhibiting, as in the Crocker QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 19 claim, on the summit of Ben Nevis, horn-silver and even the virgin stuff itself. Here and there are basins in natural rock and soil, which the summer and winter rains fill to the extent sometimes of many thousands of gallons. These de- pressions, whether in rock or earth, on mesa or mountain, full or empty, are called "tanks." When first filled by the refreshing showers their water is comparatively pure, but it soon becomes sta^-nant. In the Santa Rosa valley, east of the Quijotoa mountains, are some tanks which contain more or less water the year around. On their banks are located Papago villages. Their huts are built of frames of ocatilla (a species of cactus), and thatched with wild grass, and have a low, narrow opening on one side. In the very dry seasons the villages are moved to the larger tanks. Till the authorities of Pima county dug at Covered Wells a few years ago, these tanks were the only source of water-supply for the prospector for many miles around. A knowl- edge of their location and supply is still valuable. The plains surrounding the Quijotoa mountains are well wooded with mesquite and palo verde, and are covered with a luxuriant growth of grass, called sacatone by the Mexicans. Cattle thrive upon it, and, whenever the aqueous resources of this country shall be sufficiently developed, these valleys will sustain a great number of cattle. To one accustomed to for- est scenery this country looks fiat, stale, and uninvit- ing. To the cattle man and the miner it is a very paradise. From September till May the climate rivals that of Italy or California in their finest seasons. Extra 2" 20 QUIJOUOA GUIDE BOOK. clothing is not required. Earthquakes and hurri- canes have never been known, and do not exist even in the traditions of the native Papago. The mer- cury notches about 60 ° on an average. The winter rains, generally light, come in December or Jan- uary. The native grasses and flowers spring to life, and the countr}^ appears as green as Erin. Snow melts as it falls, and only falls on the mountain tops, and remains, if at all, a very short time. The sunnner rains are ahvays very heavy, and fall in July and August. They are accompanied by thunder and lightning. It is during this season that the terrific "cloud-burst" occurs, when the "windows of heaven" literally open, and it seems as if every cubic foot of cloud- vapor suddenly became a gallon of water. What was previously a dry wash through the plain is quickly filled with a mighty torrent, which the Great Eastern could safely navi- gate. If the precipitation occurs on a mountain thousands of tons of earth and boulders are carried down to the plain, and placers and ledges are uncov- ered. Afterwards the prospector may find the "float" rock and track it to its "mother ledge." It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. Travelers over the plains during this season frequently meet great riv- ers, which they cannot cross. Not a cloud will be visible, the waters coming from some mighty down- fall that occurred a few hours previously on some dis- tant range. Without doubt all the valleys of Ari- zona have been filled and the mountains worn off by these tremendous atmospheric spasms. And light- ning stroke, and thunder crash have aided Nature's hydraulics in ages past to tear down the covering of QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 21 earth from the form of old Bun Nevis and expose the massive riches of Crocker, Peerless and Peer. From May till September it cannot be denied that the weather is warm. In Tucson the United States signal service observations never registered in the summer time above 110 degrees in the shade, dur- ing a period of eight years. This compares favorably with the temperature of the San Joaquin and Sacra- mento valleys of California, where the mercury for weeks at a time during^ the summer notches 114 de- grees and is frequently at 120 degrees in the shade. This difference favors Arizona; the climate is so dry no dew ever falls except it be a very little in the early part of the spring. Dry heat is endurable and uninjurious to a high degree, as was demonstrated by the French philosophers. The continued heat of four months is the only real drawback to Arizona climate, but what country does not possess its drawbacks ? "The trail of the serpent is over it all." People from abroad, who have experienced Arizona climate for any considerable period, know that, while it has dis- advantaofes, it has a less number of them than the climate from whence the observers came. In fact^ the serpent did not trail here any more than in other countries. The Quijotoa mountains are not a new mining region. From a Spanish manuscript, said to have been discovered by A. H. Hanson, in an old mission church in Lower California, while visiting the placers there last summer (1883), it is learned that ore was shipped from this region in 1774, to Muleje, Lower California, for reduction. In the Horseshoe Bend, four miles north of the town of Logan, are evidences 22 QUIJOTOA CxUIDE BOOK. of old Mexican mining. Who mined there the pres- ent generation have no knowledge. In these placers numerous pits and shafts are sunk down through the red earth. They occupy a space of country about half a mile wide and two miles long. The shafts go down to a strata of hard, white cement. These holes average from five to fifty feet deep. This kind of work is known among miners as "coyoteing." The Ortega mine, on the west side of the Quijotoa moun- tains, nearly opposite the Horseshoe, is an old Mexi- can mine, which in the years gone by has yielded many tons of petanque. About sixty jniles west of Quijotoa is the world renowned Ajo copper mine, which was long worked by Mexicans. In 1854 Col. Charles D. Poston or- ganized a company in San Francisco to work these mines, and as late as 1857 L. J. F. Jaeger freighted its ore to Yuma, on mule back, at a cost of $105 per ton. The ore was then shipped per steamer to San Francisco, and thence by sailing vessel around Cape; Horn to Swansea, Wales, and then paid ! In answer to a request the following memorandat has been given: The Ajo Copper Company was formed in Sara Francisco in 1854, with Major General Robert Allen,,, U. S. A., president, and Edward E. Dunbar, super- intendent. The members were Fred. R. A. Rohn- stadt, Charles Schuchard, Charles O. Haywood., Peter R. Brady, Jo. Yancey, and many others who are' dead and forgotten. L. J. F. Jeager, at Yuma^ first packed the ore on mules. Then Tomlinson came^ from California with a train of wagons and Kentucky mules. The secretary went to London and brought out a "steam traction engine," and that finished the QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 23 business. These companies always manage their bus- iness witli prudence and ficonomy? Charles D. Poston. The Picacho mine is in the Cababi mountains, twelve miles east of Quijotoa. If anything, this mine was worked a longer time by the Mexicans than the Ajo. The period when this was done may be judged by contemperaneous events. In 1748 work was com- menced on the Baboquivari gold mines. In 1820, when the Apaches compelled suspension, a depth of three hundred feet had been attained. The Pi- cacho mine was probably worked about this time. The ore w^as worked in arastras at Fresnal, some twenty miles south of the mine. In 1878 the Gunsight excitement broke out, and the country between there and Tucson was prospected, resulting in many locations being made in the Quijo- toa mountains. At the west base of Ben Nevis, Alexander McKay discovered an iron-capped ledge, which at the time he did not think was of much value. He tells the story of the discovery as follows: ''I was m that country in February, 1879, and saw some pretty good mineral indications, but could find noth- ing without it was some iron. I did not make any locations till Weldon had seen Governor Tritle's cop- per mine, the United Verde in Yavapai county; then he came back and located the Emerald. I would not locate in because I thought it was nothing but iron. Weldon went to work, and found beneath the iron capping lots of copper, which carried a large per cent- age of silver. I then put my name in three good loca- tions. I would not put my name on the Emerald. While doinof the assessment work on the Wadsworth 24 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. I had been threatening for a long time to go on top of the mountain. The boys would laugh at me when- ever I spoke of it. As often as the time came to go something would keep me back. Finally one day I went up. I prospected around and filled my sack with good specimens, from what is now the Peerless and Peer ground. I went as far down the mountain side as I could on my return, but missed my way and fired off my pistol. The boys, working on the Emerald, ran out down on the hill-side below, and looking up, saw me on top of the clifi", hundreds of feet above them. I had to go back up the mountain and seek another place of descent. I finally got down with a large lot of ore. Roark said, 'What luck?' I replied, 'The Com- stock of Arizona is on top of that mountain.' The entire ledge on top showed the same kind of ore as at the bottom of the hill. A week afterwards we went up to make locations. There were Albert Weldon, James A. Poark, George Teitsworth and myself We made these locations May 11, 1883. We also located in W. C. Davis and Martin Medley. We took some of the rock to Tucson, and it assayed $1,500 to $4,500 per ton. We got $2,500 for five tons shipped to the Benson smelter. "George Teitsworth climbed with me part of the way, and then went off down towards the Otter Slide where he saw some mountain lions, while I con- tmued up to the top of the mountain. When I re- turned he had been down sometime. The next week we all went up together." From May till December, the time of the sale a force of men, sometimes as many as twenty was kept constantly at work. Lowering works were con- QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 25 structed to let the ore down over the bluffs on the east side of Ben Nevis, and hoist the supplies. Con- siderable ore was taken out, and shipped with profit to the different smelters. The Lofran well was com- menced and sunk to a depth of 110 feet. The mine paid from the start. The discovery made quite a stir in mining cir- cles, and gradually began to attract the attention of San Francisco capitalists, prominent among whom was W, S. Lyle, Without letting anyone know of his coming, he suddenly appeared one October day on top of the Peer mine, and surprised all hands by his presence. He sampled the claims, and bonded them for fourteen days for $450,000. From Tucson Mr. Lyle telegraphed Messrs. J. C. Flood and John Mackay the results. J. B. Low, of Virginia City, Nevada, was sent down, and after examining the mines reported favorably. In answer to telegrams W. C. Davis and Alexander McKay went to San Francisco, and held an interview with J. C. Flood. At the latter's request Hank Smith and W. H. Pat- ton returned with Davis and McKay and made a final examination of the mines. On their return to Tucson from the Quijotoas the bargain was closed by tele- graph. This was on December 7 , 1883. One week after the Peer, Peerless Weldon and Combination mining companies were incorporated in San Francisco for the purpose of mining for precious metals and re- ducing ores in Pima county, Arizona, with the prin- cipal place of business in San Francisco, and terms of existence fifty years. The capital stock for each of such companies is $10,000,000, divided into 100,000 shares each, at a par value of $100 per share. The 26 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. board of directors for each company are James L. Flood, president; George R. Wells, secretary; R. H, Follis, J. B. Low, and George Frier. Following is the stock actually subscribed for each company: K. H. Folli 5 shares James L. Flood 49,090 George R. Wells 5 J. B. Low 5 " George Frier 5 " James C. Flood 49,990 THE CROCKEH Was located, as the south extension of the Peerless, on May 12, 1883, by D. H. Crocker, F. A. Adams, F. Litchfield, M. m'. Bruce and H. B. Tenney. The ore croppings show plainly the length of the whole claim, averaging in width from ten to fort}^ feet, and assaying from $25 to $855. In some places great reefs of solid ore rise up to a height of thirty feet. An abundance of horn and native silver is in all the crop- pinjijs. August 1, 1883, Crocker sold his undivided one-fifth interest to Aaron Mason for $500. January 11, 1884, the owners sold their entire interests to P. P. Cunningham for $120,000. He ^transferred the same to James L. Flood, January 16, for $10 and other valuable considerations, and Flood in turn sold it for the same on January 22, to the Crocker Mining Company. This incorporation was effected January 17. The directors are: William S. Lyle, president; George R. Wells, secretary; R. H. Follis, Charles H. Fish and George Frier, who each subscribed 20,000 shares at $100 per share. The entire purchase made by the bonanza com- panies are as follows: The Crocker consists of the QUIJOTOA C3UIDE BOOK. 27 mine of that name. The Peerless includes the Peerless, Shield, Good Cheer, 5:20 and Intervener. These mines are on the east side. In the Peer incorporation are the Peer and Wide West, on the west side, and the Ibex, Outlet, Little Cholla and Horn, on the east. The Weldon consists of the Wadsworth, Cholla, Wedoje and Cliff; while the Combination in- cludes the mine of that name and the Josh Billings, on the west side. For all of which they paid the munificent sum of $570,000, of which the locators took 32 per cent in stock, and a very large cash con- sideration for the remaining 68 per cent. Since then the original locators have unloaded a portion of their stock at an average of $7.50 per share. The compa- nies to date (April, 1884) have kept their stock locked up. The amount of stock subscribed for each of the five companies is $10,000,000. As the shareholders in each mine are the same, the mines located nearl}'^ in a body, and all under one supervision, they may be looked upon as une company, representing $50,000,000 capital stock. This may be said to be one of, if not now, the heaviest mining corporations on the Pacific coast, or the whole United States, or for that .iiatter in the world . W. H. Smith was appointed agent for all the five bonanza companies in Arizona, and at once be- gan work, A good horse trail was constructed from Logan up to the Otter Slide on the east side, and two foot-trail? were dug on the west side of Ben Nevis, and about the middle of January, 1884, the first actual prospecting' was begun by the driving of tiiree tunnels into the bowels of Ben Nevis, with a view of ascertaininof: 28 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 1st. — If the bonanza vein goes down. 2d. — To discover other bodies of ore that may exist. 3d. — To make room for the employment event- ually of a large force of labor. The next month (February) a tunnel was com- menced on the east side of the Crocker, and a winze on the Peerless. The Prospector says : By favor ot Hank Smith we were shown some assays from the Peerless winze, taken from near the surface. The figures were $584.49, $507.18 and $184.77. The latter was a peculiar looking red rock, apparently a sort of spar, wiiich one would hardly expect to assay anything. This was also Mr. Smith's opinion, and he had several assays made to verify the above figures. We took a sample of this ore with us. Two later assays from this winze at a depth of 14 feet, gave $244.10 and $322.40. An average of thirty to forty pounds from near the surface yielded $203. G2. From a four foot cut on the Peerless, Mr. Smith got an average assay of $1,500. Several as- says have given from $2,000 to $3,000. This is a splendid showing. If such a grade of ore in the quantity which is visible on the surface, should ex- tend to any depth, the Quijotoa mines will prove themselves to be the grandest deposit of silver ever discovered." A mill assay of Peer and Peerless ore was made in San Francisco last January, (1884), by J. C. Flood, under his personal supervision, and showed no bases of any kind. The ore is a carbon- ate and sulphide of silver, mostly the latter, with horn silver runninef all through. QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 29 Samuel A. Maulove, then editor of the Arizona Daily Citizen, published at Tucson, visited the bonan- za mines in October, 1883, and wrote as follows: "What I am now about to write, though for publication as a newspaper report, it is not as such reports are usually made. During the past six years I have, perhaps, examined as many mines for parties with a view to purchase, and have traveled over as many miles by team, stage, and railroad, as almost any one in the territory, and have, I think, condemn- ed as many mines in Arizona and Sonora as any one who ever went in search of properties for legitimate investment; and, while I am not begging for believ- ers, I think that those who know me will at least give me credit for stating facts, as they appear. It will, perhaps, be best for me to describe MOUNT BEN NEVIS, Through which the principal lodes extend. This mountain is one of the Quijotoa range, though com- pletely detached on the southeast, and is only con- nected with a low range of hills to the northwest. In reality, Mount Ben Nevis is a distinct mountain, 1,500 feet higher than the neighboring plain, and about seven claims, or 10,500 feet in length. It may be cut anywhere at the base by a tunnel a quarter of a mile in length, and in my judgment can be so cut at a depth of from 500 to 800 feet below the outcrop on the top of the ridge with a tunnel from 300 to 500 feet in length; and at one point immediately south of the house, near the dividing end line of the Peer from the Peerless, either lode can be cut at a depth of 500 reet with 100 feet or less of tunneling, and a -30 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. tunnel of 300 feet will pierce the mountain through at the same depth. The average width of the ridge is about 300 feet, though it varies, and at some places is not more than 100 feet wide. The first 800 feet from the base up is at an angle of about forty-five de- grees, and from this point up to the apex of the ridge it is nearly perpendicular. The opposite side of the Peer and the north half of the Peerless is even more pre- cipitous, and the precipice is nearly or quite 1,000 feet high; but at the southeast end of the Peerless nline the cliff seems to have broken down, and it is at this point that the foot trail leads up on the west side of the mountain. From here southeast to the end •of the mountain, a distance of over a mile, the palisade is broken dovvn, leaving; a rouo^h surface, which can be scaled only with great difficulty. • It is, as near as may be judged, 4,000 feet above sea level, and one of the most rugged spots 'in Arizona, With this prelim- inary description I will endeavor to carry the reader with me down to the lowermost point that can be reached on the northwest end of the Peer mine,where there is a short cut in the solid rock about 300 feet Jong and about 50 feet wide, which assumes the form of a miniature canyon where it jumps the precipice, which is believed to be about 1,000 feet high. There we began the examination of the PEER MINE, On the brink of the precipice, where it shows a ledge four feet wide. At this point it is 200 feet below the apex of the ridge. The lode runs right up the point of the ridge, passing on the west side of the same for a distance of 600 feet; here it runs along the west QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 31 side of the precipice, where a cut is beintr run and some fine ore is being taken out. The outcrop of the ledge, from the northwest end to this point, is regu- lar and strong; it varies, as near as can be determined from a surface examination, from four to six feet in width, but at the cut above referred to the ore vein is five feet wide and not yet cut through. The cut is about twelve feet deep. Assays from the breast of this cut gave $361.20 in silver per ton. "The lode continues, near the west brink of the precipice, to the southwest end line, where the Peer- less ground begins. The lode the entire length, from the bep-innino; at the northwest end to the end line of the Peerless, is continuous, and good ore can be broken off almost anywhere along the outcrop that will go from $50 to $4,000 in silvei per ton. "the peerless mine. "This mine, which begins where the Peer ends — as will be seen by the diagram— has two distinct lodes- at the northwest end, varying in width from four to six feet, and two smaller ones from 20 inches to three feet, embraced within a width of sixty feet. About 1,000 feet from this point all of the lodes seem ta come together, forming one large lode that continues good and strong to southeast end of the claim. There being no work done on this portion of the claim it is impossible to give the accurate width of the vein after the lodes unite, but from the surface indications it must be six feet or more. It was here that Mr. McKay's hat blew off, one day last August, and fell down the side of the precipice and lodged in the bram- ,bles some seventy feet below. Not relishing the idea 32 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. of going bareheaded during the somewhat warm days of an Arizona summer, Mr. McKa}^ insisted on going down after his hat, so the boys let him down with a rope and he recovered his hat. But not satisfied with recovering his head gear, he insisted on doing a little prospecting while suspended in mid-air. H'e broke a piece of rock from the wall of the precipice and then called for the boys above to "pull away." On arriving at the surface they found it to be good ore, had it assayed and the figures were $3,600 per ton in silver. Three open cuts are being run at the northwest end, near the rope tramway. Two of them are on the east lode which are but a few feet deep. The other is on the west lode, and is down on the breast about fifteen feet, showing a vein between four and five feet in width of excellent ore. I took samples from the breast of this cut which assayed $359.72 in silver per ton. *.Ai. Jf, 41, .11, •7T" •TV* •TV" "TV* "The owners of the Peerless group of mines have had forty-two assays made of ore from the mines, of every species of ledge matter, embracing all kinds of ore to be found in the mine in order tliat they might Isnow what the different grades of ore wouldgo, as a ;guide in assorting the ore, and the average of the forty-two assays was $471 in gold and silver. Usually no gold is found, but in some places it runs as high as $30 per ton. ^ ^ ^ Passing down on the west side of the moun- tain, is the ChoUa, Wadsworth and Josh Billings, promising silver prospects, and the Wedge, Emerald and Murray copper mines, which, as will be seen by referring to the plat, lie between the Cholla, Wads- QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 33 worth and Josh Bilhngs, and the Crocker and Moun- tain Goat which are continuations of the Peer and Peerless mines. It is certainly a strange freak of nature to find a vein of copper between two silver veins, yet it is so, and what is more, it is a very promising vein of copper ore. My examinations were chiefly confined to the EMERALD COPPER MINE, which is the best developed, and one of the hand- somest mines I have seen in Arizona. There are two open cuts on the north end; the lower cut is in about fifteen feet, breasting up about twelve feet in depth, showing a most beautiful vein of solid ore eight feet wide, that will go from 15 to 20 per cent in copper and about $60 in silver per ton. About 150 feet higher up is another larger cut showing up a twelve- foot vein of similar ore which goes a little less in cop- per, but yields a higher rate of silver. Messrs. Mc- Kay, Weldon and others who own the Emerald, are of the opinion that it will run to silver, and that the copper will give out as depth is attained. In view of its location in the midst of silver mines, this theory may prove correct; but whether it does or not, it is a prospect worth holding onto, and if it goes down as it has begun, will prove a very valuable property. St. 4t. -Ur -it '* -TT TV- -TV" CONCLUSION. *'No man can tell what is under the ground. One man can see as far into rocks as another, and while the judgment of some men in mining mat- ters is better than others, we have learned that all 34 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. are liable to err; and that the best mining experts are often at fault. So after all, we can only speak of what is in sight and let future developments tell the rest. The formation of the Quijotoa mines is in por- phyry, which splits vertically showing but few hori- zontal fissures; the lodes are in place with a slight dip to the east; the mineral is found in quartz, spar and porphyry; the capping is quartz; much of it has the appearance of conglomerate, which is caused by oxydation. The mineral belt is extensive, the ore is free and there is every reason to believe that the mines will go down. As will be seen from the plat all lodes run to the Peerless mine, and the same kind of ore is found at the base of the mountain on the Cholla, that is found on the Peerless over 1,000 feet above. I do not believe in mountains of ore; I have never yet seen one, but Mount Ben Nevis comes as near to it as I ever expect to see. The Peer and Peerless, have more ore and of higher grade, than I have before seen on the surface, and it will be strange indeed if it does not go down. I am of the impression that a great mining camp will spring up here, but the time has not yet come for people to go in. AN expert's opinion. Col. Chas, W. Tozer, a well-known mining ex- pert of the Pacific coast for the past twenty-five years, says of these mines: "They are situated on an isolated mountain composed of porph^-ritic rocks Avhich rise abruptly to heights varying from 1,600 to 1,800 feet. Along this ledge extends the principal ore channel. It is a free milling ore, and can be QUIJOTOA (iUIDE BOOK. 35 worked by ordinary processes without washing. The ores contain silver, carrying a small percentage of gold. From the limited amount of work done upon the mines, and which work was confined to the Peer and Peerless locations, being the property recently purchased by Mr. Lyle for himself and others, I may sa.y, in general terms, that tlie principal vein is from sixteen to twenty feet wide, and in places wider, and never in the course of my observation on the Pacific coast have I seen a more promising prospect. That may seem to be strong language, but it is true, and I repeat it, I never in Arizona or on the coast saw anything like it. Nobody can possibly believe it till they have seen it with their own eyes, as I have. My individual opinion of the future of the property is that it will take rank among the great mines of the country; I was going to say in the world, but people abroad will dislike to believe that. The croppings are strong and prominent for three thousand feet, and FOR THE ENTIRE DISTANCE carry ore of sufficiently high grade to pay fair profit for mining and milling. In many places quite large bodies of high grade ore appear. 1 was among the the first on the ground at Tombstone. In strength of lodes and richness of ore the surface of the Quijo- toa mines compare favorably with the Tombstone mines in their early history. At the same time the geographical formation in which the Quijotoa mines occur indicate to me, as did the Tombstone mines, both permanency and value. The character of the ores at Quijotoa is identical with that of mines else- where, in this and other countries, which have proved 3 36 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. permanent to a de[)th which human ingenuity could devi.se means to explore. The geological forma- tion in which the ores are found is identical with the formations surrounding the most permanent mines in the world. Experts have examined the Quijotoas that have visited the richest and oldest mines of Mexico, Europe and South America, mines that have been worked for centuries, and never gave any indi- cation of exhaustion, and these experts pronounce the Quijotoas their equal." A THIRD EYE-WITNESS. L. C. Hughes, editor of the Arizona Daily Star, visited tlie Quijotoa mines last February (1884) and wrote as follows: "The mines are located on Mount Ben Nevis, which, on the east side, rises almost perpendicular out of the valley about 1,200 feet. The summit is over 6,000 feet long, lying north and south. The west side has more of a terraced form, with various perpendicu- lars of from fift}^ to two hundred feet. The south end is also perpendicular almost 1,400 feet. The north and has a more gradual slope, but is too steep and rugged for ascent. In cloudy weather the summit buries itself in the clouds, and during the afternoon the gulf breeze wafts across its crest. To climb to the summit is now comparatively easy, inasmuch as there is a good trail cut on both the east and the west sides of the mountain, windinaf around at easv irrades. The east trail being the most accessible foom the camp, is the most popular. The journey by this route is made generally on horseback up as far as the Otter Slide, and within sixty feet of a swag in the ridge of QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 37 tli'e mouiitaiii, which is overcoine by ladders. It is wear this point, on the summit, tlie quartz ledge conies lULjd on the south end of the Crocker claim, which was a-eeently purchased by the bonanza people for the snug ssiiOiof $120,000. A few days since, in company with Mank Smith, the superintendent, we made the trip hy (the route designated, for the purpose of forming .^ome idea of tlie extent and general appearance of tfche Quijotoa group of mines. The Crocker is the .southern claim in the great vein. Here the ore crop- jsings show plainly the full length of the mine, aver- jftging in width from ten to forty feet, and samj)led all the way from $25 to $855. Some places the vein rises up a great reef of solid ore. The Peerless adjoins tthe Crocker, and shows almost a mountain of ore. On this tliei^ are six different cuts and openings, showing lbeautil pipe water from Baboquivari. There will be no lack of water. WOOD. The mesquite furnishes the best of wood-fueL The supply is inexhaustible. The palo verde also ex- ists in unlimited quantities. Wood is delivered at $5 per cord. TRANSPORTATION. At present the majority of freight goes fronu Tucson to Quijotoa at a cost of from 1 to 2 cents per pound. A considerable quantity is also hauled fronii Casa Grande. When the mills shall begin to run^ fares and freights will justify the building of a noj.- xow gauge railroad from Tucson. 64 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. ^ K- ^ ij JV O O t£ m ^ < o ;< o S t^ > < 1 ^ o ■s^ K» m H I— I m "^ t^ o Eh H P^ O pin <1 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 65 THE TOWNSITES. LOGAN CITY. With the discovery of the mines on Ben Nevis last summer the Logan brothers (J. T. and W. R.) com- menced digging a well on the east side, and as this is a favorable location a little camp began to grow. Gen- eral Allen, now on the west side, first located here, but afcerwards sold his lumber and fixtures to W. C. Davis, who also assisted in digging the well, which at the time of the sale was down 110 feet. A location of seven mining claims was made August 4, 1883, by W. R.JJand J. T. Logan, and J. H. Shotwell. The Losfan City townsite was surveyed thereon byGeorge J.jRosk- ruge. The owners have leased lots for temporary occu- pation. Streets running east and west are 66 feet wide; those running north and south are fifty feet wide. Alleys, twenty feet wide, run Qiist and west through each block. The blocks are 300x260 fest. Lots are 30x100 feet and 30x120 feet. The townsite embraces half a square mile, and is situated on the eastern slope of Ben Nevis, and consequently has the finest drainage of any town on the Pacific coast. The princijial streets are cleared of brush. In January, J. M. Quiggle took personal supervision of the boring of Logan well. April 8, 1884, water was found in abundance at a depth of 452 feet. The well had been sunk through a hard, flinty formation. The history of Logan embraces an account of the "boom." In December last, after the sale, people began flocking in and purchasing lots. The first few 6G QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. sale sbrought $250 per lot. Six weeks after the same lots commanded $750 and $1,000, making it a para- dise for real estate dealers. People were warned against the *'rush." W. H. Patton, the general super- intendent, announced through interviews in the local papers that the companies would not be prepared to employ labor for six months or a year to come, and these interviews were reproduced by the Pacific press generally. Mr. Patton represented that the com- panies intended to first prospect the interior of the mountain by tunneling, and that the wood, water and transportation questions must also be settled before they could justly employ any large force of men. Al- though the press disseminated this information abroad it had little or no influence with a large, un- unthinking mass, who swarmed in at the rate of twenty to fifty per day till within six weeks after the sale there were over seven hundred laboring men in Logan, and without employment. The saloons were full of idle men from day to day. They had heard that Mackay and Flood had purchased the Quijotoa mines at a bio;- fioure, and that was sufficient cause for them to come. Privation forced the majority to seek other fields that gave promise of more immediate remunera- tion. Some remained and prospected, and have good claims. The result of the exodus has caused a tempo- rary lull. Meanwhile, Logan and New Virginia have built up into a solid mining camp. Logan avenue, which emerges into Main street in New Virginia, embraces three-quarters of a mile of finely-built one-story wooden houses, including half a dozen good-sized adobes. Messrs. Teitsworth & Ruftner have built an QUIJOTOA (UIIDE BOOK. 67 adobe store, the second story of which is a lodge hall for Masons, Odd Fellows, Pythians, etc. The adobes made here are of a j)ecuHar red earth that is ot tirst- class material. At present there are nearly two hun- dred houses in cauij), includinjj^ the four adjoining townsites, and building has not slacked from the first. Every day sees the foundation of a new house laid. Living is as cheap in Quijotoa as in any other place in Arizona. Meals are from 25 cents to 50 cents, and and drinks 12:^ cents. Water is brought from Covered Wells and the west side of the mountains. The Pa- pagos supply milk and hay abundantly. Wood is to be had for the cutting, and costs, delivered, about $5 per cord. Wild game, such as the mountain sheep, antelope, quail, rabbit, and the mammoth buro-deer, are abundant. The health of the camp is excellent, and the one physician, Dr. J. B. Grady, late of San Diego, Cal., but fornierly of Philadelphia, who has been there from the first, has had more time to devote to mines than to materia medica. The order of the camp has been perfect. A few "rustlers," who came in to spy out the land, were at the first given to un- derstand that the Logan townsite was at too high an elevation for their health. The first offender was corralled by that brave officer, Thomas D. Casanega, deputy sheriff. J. T. Griffith, justice of the peace, administered an allopathic dose of law, and for want of a jail the prisoner was chained to a ]>alo verde all night till the departing stage the next morning took him to Tucson. In February, 1884, Mr. Harry Brook, formerly connected with the Pinal Drill and San Francisco Wasp, began the pul)lieation of the Quijotoa Pros- 5 68 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. pector, which has attained a good circulation, and is a faithful chronicler of Quijotoa history. Among the first to put up a neat business house on Logan avenue was J. S. Mansfeld, the pioneer newsdealer of Arizona, and thus offered the new camp as complete a repository of literature as can be found in the cities of centuries in growth. The newest books and leading periodicals on news, commerce, min- ing, manufacture, science, etc., are to be found on his counters. Mr. Mansfeld was a former resident of the Comstock, and came to Tucson in 1870, and has built up a business that fully and satisfactorily fills the growing field. In February, 1884, Alfred Gold- schmidt entered into partnership with him in the branch store at Quijotoa. C. S. Shotwell, who was the pioneer of Galey- ville, was also among the first here and has an excel- lent grocer}^. Hon. Douglass Snyder, member of the Legisla- ture from Pima county, was one of the first to plant his tabernacles in Quijotoa. His store has a large stock of general merchandise. The office of the Ari- zona telegraph compan}' is at his place. Mr. Snyder also has commercial interests at Tucson. NEW VIRCxINIA. December, 1884, the New Virginia Townsite Company took up their present townsite, which em- braces a quarter section immediately adjoining Logan Cit}' on the east, and is on the lower portion of the eastern slope of the Quijotoa Mountain. The com- pany consists of U. Johnson, manager; J. R. Hayter, assistant manager; Nixon Palmer, A. J. Frazer, E. QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 69 W„ 13obbs, and Isidor Meyer. The town has fifty-six tblocks. Each block has a fourteen-foot alley running inorth and south. The streets are all of the even Nwidith of eighty feet. Those running north and south iar<3 (Called after the letters of the alphabet. Those iru.imiiiig .-east and west are numbered. The principal •streets have been cleared of the luxuriant growth of inaJtive brush, which pioved the fertility of the soil. Xote .running north and south are 30x100 feet, and tthose running east and west are 30x120 feet. The itowmsite company have a fine wooden office on Third :street, where either Mr. Johnson or Mr. Hayter, an ;attoriiey at law, can always be found, ready to show itke ^visitor their plats and take him over their grounds. 'jNew '^''irginia is already a lively town, having a fair ;share of stores, saloons, nearly all the blacksmith ;shops, bakeries, corrals and hotels. Here, on the cor- nier 30, 35, 81 arid|105feet deep respectively. From one^ of them sixteen barrels per day are hauled arouiidl through the south pass to Logan City, a distance of six miles. The 1 05-foot well was recently dug by General J. B. Allen, and has an abundant water supply. He proposes to sink this well still deeper. At pres- ent there are but half a dozen houses and a few tents- on the west side. The boom started on the east side- because of its nearness to Tucson, but will eventually come this far. The most ot the bonanza's claims are here. The townsite is excellent. A laro;e number of men will be employed in working the mines, and' here is where they will live as it is nearer their work.. Hence, there is bound to be quite a town on "Allen's side," as it is popularly called. General J. B. Allen, or "Pi«" Allen, as he is better know^n, is a pioneer of Arizona and a native of the state of Maine and is now sixty-six years old; and is hale and hearty. His eye-sight is undimmed and his strength has not failed. He was a resident of Tucson for twenty-two years. Six years he w^as^ Territorial treasurer, during which time he also acted as auditor,^and left the Territory only three hundred dollars in debt. In 1868, he built the first steam flour mill in Altar, Sonora, which yet runs. He early emigrated to California, and was once owner of a large ranch at Old Gilroy, and has been the pioneer of Tombstone, Bisbee, Gunsight and Quijotoa City, His hotel sets one of the finest tables, and his bar con- tains choice liquors. His theory is that in Southern Arizona water is found on the western slopes, citing the Chiricahua, Dragoon, Whetstone, Santa Rita QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 73 and Baboquivari mountains as examples. Accord- ingly he selected the west side of the Quijotoas as his hotel site, and it seems he has not been mistaken. No traveler, who visits here, should fail of going over to "Pie" Allen's camp. A horse trail leads around the north end of Ben Nevis; distance, three miles; or a wagon road goes through south pass; distance, six miles. The scenery on this side is worth viewing. To the southwest are the Nariz (nose) moun- tains where the Nariz Papagos live. West of Ben Nevis, in the fiir distance, appear the Gunsight and Ajo ranges. The intervening space is covered with cactus and greasewood. ARIZONA TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Recognizing the necessity of Quijotoa having electric communication with the outside world, Messrs. James H. Toole, Charles R. Drake, Don A. Sanford, Robert E. Kearon, Samuel Hughes, T. L. Stiles and Maisch & Driscoll, all of Tucson, in January, 1884, incorporated the Arizona Telegraph Company, an op- position compan}^ having monopolized the desirable title of Quijotoa. A contract was let to R. A. Starr and J. A. Biowder, who immediately began the work of construction, and finished April 2, 1884. The poles and wire are the same as used by the Western Union. The line leaves Tucson at the foot of Con- gress street, crosses the bottoms of the Santa Cruz river to the west, passes north of Warner's mill over a low hill, and through the pass between Sentinel peak and Fort hill; thence over some low hills through Boulder or Browder pass into the Papago valley. 74 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. Thence it runs straight to Coyote pass southwesterly, and thence goes across the Coyote valley to the Como- babi mountains. From the Indian village the line scarcely changes its direction. Its Quijotoa office is in the store of Hon. IJouglass Snyder. Commercial messages are ten words for 50 cents; press rates 2| cents per word in sums not less than 50 cents. Al- ready the line has paid expenses. The cost of con- struction Was $1 6,000. The length uf wire is 72 miles. The Tucson office for the present is at 18 Congress street. The officers of the company are: J. H. Toole, president; 1). A. Sanford, vice-president; R. E. Kea- ron, secretary; Chas. R. Drake, treasurer; and Messrs. Toole, Sanford, Drake, Driscoll, Stiles and Kearon, directors. THE PROPOSED WORKINGS. BY J. D. POWER. "Of the bonanza camp of Quijotoa so much of a desultory descriptive nature has been alreadypublished that it would just now seem a superfluity to refer to it, except in general terms, or do more than illustrate the workings on the hill. On the annexed diagram are shown the lines of the present and proposed de- velopment, with those now under way toward the lode, which will form connecting links in and through the lode with each of the tunnels, whose name, number, depth below out-crop of lode, and distance driven into the hill are given on the diagram and reproduced as follows: Peerless tunnel. No. 1, east side of hill, 450 feet, vertical, below apex of clift', and driven 138 feet; Peerless No. 2, west side of hill, 200 feet below sum- QUIJOTOA (JUIDE ROOK. 75 250 ft. g '— )- Winze, 450 feet. O H O > o 3 H-^- 200 ft. a 2. ^-^ Winzp. 400 ft. ^ Z p -a IS o s - y e ? ^ 76 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. niit, and driven 129 feet in; Peer tunnel, No. 3, west side of hill, 400 feet (^own on slope and driven 123 feet toward the lode; Crocker tunnel, No. 4, east side of hill, 250 feet below crest and 120 feet in, and the horse-mouth cut, No. 5, or rather adit on the lode, north face of mountain, at a point 150 feet down its slope, and 25 feet in fine ore, at present writing. Four of the above are lateral intersecting- tunnels, and the fifth is a lineal one driven on the lode, and in ad- dition to these there is a winze on the top of the hill now over 80 feet deep in phenomenally rich ore, and being driven downward to intersect Peerless tunnel No. 1, at a point between the latter and Crocker tunnel No. 4, Let the reader draw upon his imagin- ation, and he will have the mountain 1,250 feet ver- tically from base to apex presented to his mind, as viewed from the east side. "In the diagram are also shown the course and distances of the proposed internal winze, upraise and drift connections, whose united distances approximate to 3,300 feet, and to the early completion of these proposed connections, to give air and facilitate eco- nomical exploration, the bonanza compan}^ will devote its energies under the direction of Superintendent Hank Smith. For several days quite recently the writer subjected Mount Quijotoa and its sur- roundings to a careful personal examination, and from what came under his observation he has drawn deduc- tions that promise a long and prosperous life to min- ing in the Quijotoa country The structure and geological characteristics of Mount Quijotoa strongly favor this conclusion, and assure the presence and permanent descent of large and rich ore bodies in QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 77 more or less broken continuity to profound cleptps. But should the future prove otherwise then a fig for analogical reasoning, "indications," and for the lessons of practical experience. Upon these, and upon the teachings of geology and mineralogy, but chiefly upon the three former, are capable mining operators and honest experts wont to predicate their judgments of the value of mining ventures of the character of those inaugurated on the flanks and crown of Mount Qui- jotoa. It was apon them that Mr. Lyle, president of the Crocker company, based his opinion of their value for a mining proposition of magnitude when he first- saw the outcroppings and the ore from them, * # # * # IN CONCLUSION, It is as well to remark that the merest tyro in the art of mining is competent to tolerably and accurately judge of how long it will take to complete the pro- posed connections shown on the diagram elsewhere alluded to, and not until these are well under way will the real boom take place at Quijotoa; but it is sure to come." COVERED WELLS. This is an important mining center 8 miles north of Logan, and is a good chloride camp. Three wells here furnish a great quantity of water. A townsite has been laid out here and is owned by M. M. Rice^ M. Redding, J. M. Kinley, R. D. Ferguson and M. J. Walsh. THE ROUTES. The Southern Pacific railroad, from Yuma to 78 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. San Simon, is the "great artery of travel" through Southern Arizona. A wagon load has been marked out from Maricopa, due 70 miles north of Qui- jotoa. A tri-weekly line of stages is running from Casa Grande, due 63^ miles northeast of Quijotoa. 'Tucson ia almost due east of Quijotoa G8|^ miles. These figures are taken from the maps in the Sur- veyor G( neral's office. Two lines of stages leave Tucson for Quijotoa every day, includmg Sundays, at 7 a. m.; fare, $10 and $8. Both make the trip in eleven hours. The relay stations are to be seen in the map. The dis- tances on the stao-e road are: MILES. Tucson to Aguirre's 13 Aguirre to Bowley 14 Bowley to Dobbs 11 Dobbs to Quinlin 8 Quinlin to Haynes 12 Huynes to Quijotoa 18 Total 76 From Tucson the road leads out past beautiful Silver Lake, with its magnificent new two-story wooden hotel. Then it plunges into the dark woods of the San Xavier reservation. A little ways beyond the ruins of an old Mexican smelter, the road emerges from the mesquite forests, and passes out between some low hills into Papago valley. To the left can be seen the old San Xavier church, with its •gray walls rising in the distance. At Aguirre's sta- tion, which is a dry camp, horses are changed. Straight across the valley is Bowley station, an eating station that gives a good meal. Near by is Bobles', QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. 79 or Spanish ranch. To the south Baboquivari peak is a prominent landmark. The Papaga valley is level as a floor. The road all the way ta Quijotoa is magnificent. From Bowley's the road leads up and around through Coyote Pass to Dobbs', or the Half- Way House. Dinner is taken here on» the return, and it is always a good one. E. W. Dobbs is proprietor. From Dobbs' the road leads around the skirts of the hills past the Papago village of Coyote to Quinlin's, a relay and water station. Thence the road goes straight across Coj^ote valley to the Comobabi mountairis, which it crosses at an In- dian village. From Haynes' well, at the western base, the road goes almost straight across Santa Rosa val- ley to Quijotoa. From the Comobabi the first glimpse of Ben Nevis, in all its greatness, is to be had, with Logan and New Virginia nestling on its side. CASA GRANDE. The distances on the stage route from Casa Grande to Quijotoa are about as follows: Casa Grande to Loss' station, 15 miles; to Jack Rabbit, 10; to Half-Way House, 7^; to Misers, 25; to Logan, 7|> total, 65 miles. It is an easy, good and smooth road. THE PHENIX AND QUIJOTOA ROAD. The route of the new road from Logan City,. Quijotoa, to Maricopa, on the Southern. Pacific rail- road, is as follows: Turning off about one and one-half miles east of Logan around point of mountain to the north and going in a northerly direction 1 7 miles to- Santa Rosa village. The Santa Rosa tank lies one mile east of the road, with plain wagon track to it. 80 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. and is marked by a guide board. Thence north 4 miles there is another tank, about 100 yards east of the road, which is marked by a guide board. Thence north 13 miles to a point opposite the Christmas Gift mine there is a tank one mile east of the road. Another large tank 2^ miles east of the road is marked by a guide board. Thence 3 miles north to Woodward & Wilson's well, now being sunk. Thence in a northerly direction 23 miles to Maricopa station on the Southern Pacific railroad. This road lies across a mesa country and will not be subject to overflows during rainy weather. It has now been chained throughout its length and open for travel, being well marked with guide boards. Lincoln Fowler, for committee of Phenix and Quijotoa road. Wm. Kuff, J. M. Gregory, A. Golding, Com- mittee. NOTES. As an evidence of the thoroughness with which the Quijotoa mming oistrict is being prospecced, it niav be mentioned that somethinof over 1,500 loca- tion notices have been filed within the past six months. While some of these are merely "ground" locations, it is reasonable to believe that a large majority have a fair showing of mineral. At present there are no mills or smelters in the district. The bonanza companies will put up mills as soon as the requisite amount of water is obtained. There is a rich field for a custom mill or smelter at Covered Wells. Hundreds of small claims in the immediate vicinity can easily furnish an unlimited QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. amount, of ore. It is generally believed that a mill and concentrator will do better. Many of these mines are now being worked. The high grade ore ($400 to $1,000 rock) is beino; shipped to the differ- ent smelters, while the low grade ($300 to $50) is dumped for future work at the mines. The bringing of water from Baboquivari will cause the placers to be worked, which will make a bigger and more gratifying excitement than Coeur d' Alene. Some beautiful specimens have been brought from the placers. PATENT YOUR MINES. The actual cost of obtaining a United States patent to a mine in Pima county is $360. This in- cludes everything, The law prescribes that $500 worth of improvements shall have been expended on a claim before a patent can be granted. We venture to say that there are more than 500 claims in this county on which the necessary amount of work has been expended, and yet it never enters the owner's head to apply for a patent. Year after year they will pay out $100 in assess- ment work on each claim, often leaving this to be done by sharpers, who will "coyote" on the claim and dig holes where it can be done with the least exertion. Thousands of dollars are yearly wasted in this wa3^ It takes skill, systematic work and good judgment to show up a claim to advantage, and it is only in exceptional cases that assessment work will accomplish this. When a patent is issued to a claim, the owner can work his mine or not work it, to 82 QUIJOTOA GUIDE BOOK. suit his convenience. There is another feature which must not be^lost sii>ht of. Blackniaihn."i!i.{ e f-Hiixh line from bottom read "em*^'-^ . ...c." Page 62, line G, for "$1.50 gold," read "$12.50 gold." ADVERTISEMENTS. 91 Bay state Iron Works, Erie, Penn, NOBLE & HALL, Manufacturers of Stationary and Portable ENGINES 1 SOILEilS, Stamp Mills and Smelters, Single and Double Keversible Hoisting Machines, Mining Machinery and Supplies. General Southwestern Agents : Blake Crusher, Blaker Blower, Ingersoll Bock Drill, Bussell & Co.'s Circular Saw Mills, Knowle's Steam Pumps, Improved Howe Scales, National Tube Works Co , Boeb- lings' Sons Steel Wire Bope, SAFES, IRON ROOFING, Iron Turbine and Eclipse Windmills, Warrior Mow ers and Barbed Wires. ESTIMATES FUBNISHED. ■ S. ©. II4LL, Mamger, Branch House, Tucson. Arizona. 92 ADVERTISEMENTS. Virginia City and Brooklyn Quijotoa Mining District, Pima County, fl. T, The townsite of Virginia City adjoins the townsites of Logan an-^ New Virginia on the south and that of Brooklyn on the north. Both are desirable location-*, enpecially Virginia City, The lots and streets are the SHiue size as in the adjoining townsites. Virginia City is on a smooth iricliue to the east. The diainagt is excellent. Here will be eventually the terminus of the QXJIJOTO.A. PtJ^ILPtO^^ID, And the loeatiou of the Bona^nza. Oom.;pa.ny's DVCills Here is plenty of room for all. LOTS ARE DESIRABLE AND CHEAP. Corrflspondence is solicited before buyini? elsewhere. L. D. CHILLSON, U. 8 Mineral Surveyor. Quijotoa, Arizona. W. J. DOHERTY, Tucson, Arizona. W. R. GLEASON, Tucson, Arizona. ADVERTISEMENTS. 9-^ Logan Townsite Company The Townsite is located on the eastern side of Ben Nevis. Streets running east and west are 66 feet wide, and those running north and south are 50 feet wide. The blocks are 300x360. Lots are 30x100 and 30x120 feet, and are only leased for purpose of tem- porar}^ occupation. The townsite embraces one-half square mile. W. R. LOGAN, J. H. SHOTWELL, Estate of J. T. LOGAN, Deceased, Proprietors. "94 ADVERTISEMENTS. ARIZONA BREWERY, LOGAN AVENUE. JIEIi3IAXW LEI'TIEX, - - mOPBIETOR, Fresh Beer on Draught All the Time. FINE WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS. DRINK LEPTIEN'S BEER AND GROW FAT. B. ROBLES, U- S. Daily Mail Stage Line Between Tucson and Quijotoa. J. A. BROWDEE, AGENT, 18, CONGRESS TUCSON. D. SNYDER, AGENT, LOGAN AVENUE, QUIJOTOA. PORTER'^S^ HOTEL, At the Railroad Depot. The Best Hotel in Arizona. ENTIRELY NEW. Thirty new roome added. BlHck Wsluut Fninitnre. BatLrooms and clo-ets for t-'n^^lt^- B( aid b^ tbe Dby, ^ e* 1< atd INJr rib. The Itnge^t Mild most pit af-ant Diiniig-R((iru of any Hotel in Ari- zona. A tboronyb ventilation in all rooms secuieB a c< ol and even temperature. 3IBS. A. A. JPOliTEIi, Vropvietress JOHN LAWRENCE & CO., Proprietors. TVCSON BEEli DErOT. Lo^an avenue. | Logan City, A. T. ADVERTISEMENTS. 05 C. SELIGMAN &C0., Wholesale dealers ia GROCERIES A.ND PROVISIONS. A full assortmeut of Fine, Fancy Groceries, Wionsaud Liquors kept in stock. No. 24., Meyer St. Tujsoa, Arizona. HO! FOR QUIJOTOA! THE OASA GRANDE AND QULJOTOA STAGE LINE Leaves Casia Grande Daily for the QuiintOHS, via. (Christmas Gift, Vekol, Reward aad Cop >8rosity Miniut; Oa ops -tiirou^h iu 12 hours. Casa Grande is the Riilrond Station for the above-named camps and Ouijotoa. Good road, good horses and fine coaches. E. A. SAXE, Supt. DENTIST. 316 Congress street, Tucson. Has had 25 years experience. LOGAN AVENUE. General Merchandise. Miners Supplies, Cry Goods, Groceries, Liquors, Tobacco and Cigars^ J. B. ALLEN. - - PROPRIETOR, QUIJOTOA CITY. West side Peer mountain. The Best of Bed and Board, Wines,. Liquors and Cigar.-i. Travelers over the hill will find excellent accom- modations here for man and beast. MEALS 75 ots | DRINKS 25 cts*. Palace Lodging House, LOGAN AVENUE. JOHN LEWELLEN, - PROPRIETOR.. Lodging 50 cts. and Sl.OO. Special rates by week or month. First class room and bed. ^___ O. O. -Allien Assayer, Logan avenue, next to Lewis house, Logan City, A.T. "96 ADVERTISEMENTS. Pedro Aguirre & Co. Daily Stage Line Between Tucson Qiiijotoa, Calabasas, Arivaca, Oro Blanco, Esperanza and Sombrere- tilio. Good coHches, quick time. Leave Tucsoa every day, including Sundays for Logman City, at? a. m. Ketiirniuw, leave Lo^rHn at fi a. m. Leave for ('alabanas, Arivaca Oro Bl inco, E-