Qass LJiJtL Book hi U UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS, WASHINGTON, D. C. INDEX / OF I V AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, BEING FARMERS' BULLETINS 558, 560, 563, 570, 575, 581, 584:, 590, 598, 60^4, 611, 615, 620, 629, 641, 645, 651, 665, 672. PREPARED BY CHARLES H. GREATHOUSE, IN CHARGE OF INDEXING, DIVISION' OF PUBLICATIONS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. . . 4- D. of D. FEB 13 1916 NO INDEX Farmers' Abattoirs Bulletin No. Page. Argentina, classes, output, 1904-1912, etc 581 34, 35 Argentina, control by Cliicago packers 581 31 public, need in United States 560 24 Africa — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 21 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 corn cultivation, extent, distribution, acreage, etc., discussion. 581 4 flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 29 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 25 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 575 43 Agricultural — forecast, September 1, 1913 558 6-7 forecasts, review, October 1, 1913 560 1-15 products- acreage, production, and value, 1912-1914 645 4, 24-36 See also Farm products, and under names of animals, grains, etc. progress, importance of taking pains; article by Dr. T. N. Carver 629 15-17 Agriculture — Department, cooperation in employment service for farm labor. . 665 9-13 International Institute, value in crop reporting service 581 50 Alabama — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 8 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 See also under name of specific product, by States. Alberta — acreage and production of principal crops, 1913 581 15, 20,22, 24, 28 wheat crops, 1911, 1913, acreage and production 575 41 Alfalfa- crop condition — June 1, 1914, by States 604 15 July 1, 1914, by States 611 32 August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 September 1, 1914, by States 620 3 hay, price averages, 1914 651 27 production — and comparisons, 1914, by States 620 28 1913, by States 558 17 value for cattle in Argentina 581 33 Alfalfa seed — farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States 641 36 November 15, 1914, by States 645 41 December 15, 1914, by States 651 26 February 15, 1915, by States 665 26 March 15, 1915, by States 672 26 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 21 March 15, 1914 590 20 April 15, 1914 598 20 May 15, 1914 604 20 June 15, 1914 611 37 July 15, 1914 615 35 August 15, 1914 620 33 September 15, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1914 641 38 3 AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Alfalfa seed — Continued. price averages — continued. November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 prices paid by farmers — February 15, 1914 March 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15, 1914 June 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 prices paid by producers — October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States February 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States yield and production — 1913, by States 1914, by States ' Algeria — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production... citrus fruits, crop condition, 1914, consular report, corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production. . . . flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production. oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production... wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production... Almonds — crop conditions in California, 1913 crop conditions in California, 1914. Farmers' Bulletin No. 645 651 665 672 584 590 598 604 611 615 620 629 641 645 651 665 672 641 645 665 672 Andrews, Frank — article and statistics on "Relative production of apple varieties" article on ' ' Corn from Argentina " article on ' ' Oats from Canada " article on ' ' The cotton crop surplus " article on ' ' The sugar siipply " article on ' ' "Wagon hauls for farm products " preliminary estimate of sugar plants, 1914 Animal products — consTimption on farm, percentage value, 1913 value, 1914 ." waste on farm, causes, etc Animals — and animal products, value, 1879-1914, by years domestic. See Live stock. farm. See Live stock. meat — ; losses from disease and exposure, 1913 price averages, 1911-1913 560 629 581 629 581 581 581 581 575 f558 560 563 598 604 611 620 629 641 641 581 581 641 672 672 641 570 570 645 560 645 590 560 43 27 27 27 21 20 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 27 27 27 37 42 26 26 11 24 21 13-14 5 29 16 25 43 14 8 7 14 8 11 5 12 6 16-17 6-9 17 9-12 5-6 11-14 4-6 2 2,6, 16-17 6 27 INDEX. Antihog-cliolera serum — directions for use discovery by department, value, etc reliability, importance "Apple barrel law," text of Sulzer law Apple crop — condition, 1913 estimates, September 1, 1914 forecast, 1914 forecasts from condition, 1914 marketing, discussion, and outlook movement, 1913 movement by geographic divisions, 1914 * movement, shipments out of counties where grown, 1914 relation of commei'cial crop Apples — cold storage- December 1, 1914 ■ February 1, 1915, in relation to market March 1, 1915 April 1, 19J5 crop condition — June 1, 1914 Julv 1, 1914... August 1, 1914 September 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 distribution in foreign countries, publications on, list . . . exports — 1913 effect of European war farm prices — August 15, 1913, by States Sei)tember 15, 1913, by States October 15, 1913, by States November 15, 1913, by States September 15, 1914, by States October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States February 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States nionthly, 1910-1914 handling for market, suggestions marketing under Sulzer law, advantages movement — February 1, 1915 March 1, 1915 picking for market, suggestions price averages — February 15, 1914 March 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15, 1914 Junel5,*1914 July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 Farmers' illetin No. Page, 590 3-7 558 4-5 590 3-4 620 21-22 558 2-3, 19 620 15 615 14 641 4 620 16-22 570 22-23 604 23-24 672 6 604 23 645 14-15 651 10-12 665 13-14 672 19-20 604 16 611 33 615 31 620 2,3, 29,30 629 2,25 620 20 570 19 620 16-17 558 18 560 12 563 13 645 9 629 30 641 3,30 645 39 651 24 665 24 672 24 645 10 620 17-19 620 16 651 11 665 13-14 620 17-18 584 21 590 20 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 651 27 665 27 672 27 AGBICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Apples — Continued. Farmers' production— Bulletin No 1899-1914 1914 1 1913, by States I 1914, by States 1914, estimates shipments — percentage moved in carload lots out of county where grown, 1913 varieties, relati ve production yield, production, and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 Appropriation, hog cholera eradication Apricots, crop conditions in California — September 1, 1913 October 1, 1913 May 1, 1914 June 1, 1914 July 1, 1914 September 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 Argentina — beef export trade, development, and extent cattle — hides, exports and imports, 1912 industry, conditions, management number, 1888-1913, by years quality, number, improvement, etc., 1888-1912 corn — crops 1911-1913, acreage and production exports to United Kingdom, value per bushel imports, quality, composition, etc.. production, development, and increase, discussion exports of meat animals and packing-house products 1895-1912, discussion and tables flaxseed crops, acreage and production flour exports, 1912-1914 food production and requirements, percentages foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production sheep industry, decline, note weather conditions, uncertainty, effect on cattle industry, note . wheat — acreage, 1914, decrease acreage, production and exports, 1912-1914 crop, 1914 crop, abandoned acreage, causes, etc crops, 1912-1914 | crops, 1913, 1914 crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production ' Argentine beef, imports, world trade, extent of industry, etc Arizona — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 See also under name of specific product, by States. Arkansas — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 losses from hog cholera, yearly average See also unier name of specific product, by States. 615 14 615 14,32 629 3 560 12 563 13 641 17-18, 19,30 645 9 620 2 615 14 570 22-23 641 16-19 641 2 558 5 558 14 560 8 598 14 604 8 611 11 620 5 629 12 581 30-31 615 20 581 32-34 615 21 581 31-32 581 5 581 7 581 9-12 581 2,6-7 581 35-38 581 27,28 645 17 641 21 641 22 581 15 581 24 581 33 581 34 641 7 645 16-17 575 43 645 17 629 6 641 9 598 5 575 41 581 30-40 615 615 590 10 9-10 2 INDEX. 7 Farmers' Asia^ Bulletin No. Page, barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 571 20 Central, wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 42 corn crop, 191 1, acreage and production, by countries . .... 581 5 corn cultivation, extent, distribution, acreage, etc., discussion. 581 4 flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production _ 581 29 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 25 rye crop, 1911, acreage and production, by countries 581 23 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 575 42 Asses, tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 Australasia — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 21 corn crops, 1911-1913, by countries 581 5-6 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries.. 581 25 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 23 Australia — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 21 cattle, number, 1890-1912, by years 615 21 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by provinces. . 581 5-6 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and- production 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by provinces. . 581 25 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by piovinces 581 23 wheat crop, 1914, decrease 641 7 wheat crop, 1914, production 575 43 wheatcrops, 1912-1914 | ^J ^ wheat crops, 1913, 1914 598 5 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by provinces.. 575 43 Austria — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 Austria-Hungary — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 20 cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 20 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 5 cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 641 12 flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries 581 28 food production and requirements, percentages 641 21 foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 22 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production by countries 581 15 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 24 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 22 Barley — acreage and production, 1913 581 20 acreage, condition, forecastj and price, June 1, 1914 604 14 acreage, yield and production — 1913, estimates | 1914, estimates 620 2 acreage, yield, production, and value — 1913 570 8,32 1914, by States 645 4,22,29 consumption on farm by various animals, quantity and value . 629 8-9 crop — condition at harvest, 1914, with comparisons 620 2 forecasts from condition, 1914 641 4 558 10-11 560 4 8 AGBICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Barley — Continued. Farmers' crop — continued. Bulletin No. world, importance, distribution, international trade, etc., discussion .581 crop condition and prices — September 1, 1913, by States 558 June 1, 1914, by States 604 July 1, 1914, by States 611 August 1, 1914, by States 615 September 1, 1914, by States 620 crops, England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. . 620 farm prices^ September 1, 1913, by States 558 October 1, 1913, by States 560 December 1, 1913, by States 570 March 1, 1914, by States 584 April 1, 1914, by States 590 May 1, 1914, by States 598 October 1, 1914, by States 629 November 1, 1914, by States 641 December 1, 1914, by States 645 January 1, 1915, by States 651 April 1, 1915, by States 672 price averages — 1913 558 October 1, 1913 560 November 1, 1913 563 December 1, 1913 570 August 1, 1914 615 October 1, 1914 629 November 1, 1914 641 December 1, 1914 645 January 1, 1915 651 February 15, 1915 665 March 15, 1915 672 production and value, comparisons, 1913 570 production in leading five States, 1914 645 seed, preparation for sowing, directions 584 seeding, quantity sown per acre, by countries 672 shipments — from California to eastern markets, by water 645 out of county where grown, by States 584 smut, treatment of seed for prevention 584 stocks on farms, March 1, 1914 584 stocks, prices and movement, March 1, 1915, by States 665 value — comparisons, 1914 with other years 651 per acre, with comparisons, 1914 645 weight per bushel, by States j g^-, yield — and production, 1913 563 and production, 1914 < g.-,g f 598 1 914, by States, estimates from crop conditions < n-,-, [ 615 peracre, 1903-1913 1 ^^^ production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 production and quality, 1913, by States 560 production and quality, 1914, by States 629 Barrel, standard for apples, Sulzer law 620 18-21 16 14 29 25 24 16 16 10 32 15 18 18 21 33 29 20 22 10 4 2 8 2 3 38 23,43 27 27 27 10 5 7 11 13 15 7 2,15 2,18 8-9 23 12 29 2 2 3 21 21 38 36 7 18 2 10 21 21 INDEX. Beans — Farmers' crop condition— Bulletin No September ] , 1913, by States July 1, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, by States crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production, farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States February 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States Lima, crop condition — June 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States yield and production, 1914, by States price averages — February 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15, 1914 June 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 ; September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 production, 1913, percentage by States soy. See Soy beans, velvet. See Velvet beans. yield and production, 1914, by States Beef— Argentine, imports, world trade, extent of industry, etc consumption, 1900, 1909 exports, 1913 imports — discussion effect on cattle industry, discussion production , decline tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 Bees — colonies and condition. May 1, 1914, by States condition, number of colonies and outlook on specific dates. . . . honey production of colony in Porto Rico Beets, sugar — acreage and production, 1913, by States acreage and production, 1914, estimates acreage, 1914, by States acreage planted and harvested, 1914, by States acreage, production and prices, 1913, by States acreage, yield, and production, 1914, estimates acreage, yield, production and value, 1913 acreage, yisld, production and value, 1914, by States < compo lition, by States crop condition — September 1 , 1913, by States October 1, 1913, by States November 1, 1913, by States June 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1914, by States 8214—15 2 558 20 611 34 615 33 620 31 620 16 641 35 645 40 651 25 665 25 672 25 604 17 611 34 615 33 629 26 584 21 590 20 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 651 27 665 27 672 27 560 14 629 26 581 30-40 575 24,25 570 19 560 19-20 560 26 560 18 575 29 598 17 598 8-9 620 6 570 13 615 15-16 611 10-11 611 11 598 10 620 5 570 8 641 4-5 645 4 672 3 558 20 560 15 563 13 604 15 611 37 10 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Beets, sugar — Coiitiuued. Farmers' crop condition — continued. Bulletin No. August ] , 1914, by States 615 15- September 1, 1914, by States 620 October 1, 1914, by States 629 price averages paid to producers. 1913 611 price averages, December 1, 1913 .570 prices, 1914, note 672 production, 1913 629 production and value, 1913 570 production by States, 1914 672 production, 1915, forecast 629 production in leading five States, 1914 645 yield and quality, averages, 1914 641 Beets, yield of sugar, by States I />y9 Beet-sugar factories — number, output, consumption of beets, etc., 1914, by States. . . 672 number, output, length of campaign, 1913, by States 598 Belgium — barley crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 cattle hides, imports, 1912 615 cotton imports from United States, 1914 .- 641 flax and flaxseed crops, 1912, acreage and production 581 foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 oat crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 rye crop, 1913, acreage and ]iroduction 581 wheat crop, 1913 575 wheat crop, 1914 641 Bell, G. A., article on "Effect of war on exports of horses" 651 Blackberries, crop condition — June 1, 1914, by States 604 July 1, 1914, by States 611 August 1, 1914, by States 615 Blue-grass seed — crop condition, 1913 558 crop condition, August 1, 1914, by States 615 production and comparisons, 1914, by States 620 Bosnia-Herzegovina- — barley crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 corn crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 flax and flaxseed crops, 1912 581 oat crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 rye crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 wheat crop, 1913, acreage and production 575 Bran — prices paid by farmers- February 15, 1914 584 March 15, 1914 590 April 15, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 June 15, 1914 611 July 15, 1914 615 August 15, 1914 620 September 15, 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 November 15, 1914 645 December 15, 1914 651 February 15, 1915 665 March 15, 1915 672 prices paid bv producers- October i5, 1914, by States 641 November 15, 1914, by States 645 December 15, 1914, by States 651 16,33 31 27 11 8 4 11 12 3 11 5 2 10 3 3 10-11 20 20 12 28 22 15 24 22 42 9 3-4 16 33 31 14 30 28 20 5 28 15 24 22 41 21 20 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 27 27 27 37 42 26 INDEX. 11 Bran — Continued. • Farmers' prices paid by producers — continued. Bulletin No. ge. February 15, 1915, by States 665 26 March 15, 1915, by States 672 26 Brand, Charles J.— article on "Marketing by parcel post" 611 16-22 report of 1914 conference on the cotton marketing situation 620 8 Brazil — cattle liides, exports, 1912 615 20 cattle, number 615 21 wheat production, note 645 15 Breeding sows, number, by States, percentages 590 17 British Columbia, potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 24 British India. See India, British. British ports, shipments from Pacific coast by Panama Canal, time of passage 665 7 Broom corn — crop condition — July 1, 1914, by States 611 35 August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 September 1, 1914, by States 620 3,31 farm prices — ■ November 15, 1914, by States 645 40 December 15, 1914, by States 651 25 February 15, 1915, by States 665 25 March 15, 1915, by States 672 25 price averages^ February 15, 1914 584 21 March 15, 1914 590 20 April 15, 1914 598 20 May 15, 1914 604 20 June 15, 1914 611 37 July 15, 1914 : 615 35 August 15, 1914 620 33 September 15, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1914 641 38 November 15, 1914 645 43 December 15, 1914 651 27 February 15, 1915 665 27 March 15, 1915 672 27 production, 1913, percentages by States 560 15 yield, 1914, by States 629 27 Buckwheat — acreage, 1914 629 2 acreage and production, 1914, by States 615 26 acreage, production and value, 1914 645 4 [ 5G0 5 acreage, yield, and production, 1913 1 563 4 [ 570 8, 34 acreage, yield , and production, 1913, by States 570 34 acreage, yield, and production, 1914, estimates 620 2 acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914, by States 645 22, 31 crop condition — and price, August 1, 1914, by States 615 26 and price, September 1, 1914, by States 620 2, 26 and price, October 1, 1914, by States 629 23 September 1, 1913, bv States 558 16 October 1, 1913, by States 560 11 October 1, 1914 629 2 crop estimate, acreage, and prices, 1913 ■ . . 558 11 crop, forecasts from condition in specific months 641 4 crop, production, value, leading States, 1913 570 15 crop, value comparisons, 1914 with other years 651 8-9 crop, value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 23 farm prices — November 1, 1913, by States 663 11 December 1 , 1913, by States 570 34 12 AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Buckwheat — Continued. * Farmers' farm prices — continued. Bulletin No. Page. March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 April 1, 1914, by States 590 18 May 1, 1914, by States 598 18 June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 October 1, 1914, by States 629 23 November 1, 1914, by States 641 28 December 1, 1914, by States 645 31 January 1, 1915, by States 651 20 March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 April 1, 1915, by States 672 22 price averages — September 1, 1913 558 11 October 1, 1913 560 5 November 1, 1913 563 2,4 December 1,1913 570 8 Augustl,1914 615 2 November 1, 1914 641 38 December 1, 1914 645 23, 43 January 1, 1915 651 27 February 15, 1915 672 27 production in leading five States, 1914 645 5 yield and production, 1913 563 2 yield and production, 1914 < ^oq q f 611 38 yield, 1914, by States, estimates from crop conditions < 615 36 I 620 34 yield, production, and quality, 1913, by States 563 11 yield, production, and quality, 1914, by States 641 2, 28 B lildings — ■ farm, investment, total and average, per farm, 1910 570 2 maintenance, cost on farms, average, 1910 570 3 Bulgaria — barley crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 20 corn crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 5 flax and flaxseed crops, 1912, acreage and production 581 28 oat crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 15 potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 24 rye crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 22 wheat crop, 1913 575 42 wheat crop, 1914 641 9 B shel— grain, weights, by States 641 29 weights of grain by States ; 563 12 B itter— farm prices — • March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 April 1, 1914, by States 590 19 Mav 1, 1914, by States 598 19 June 1, 1914, by States ' 604 18 August 1, 1914, by States 615 34 September 1, 1914, by States 620 32 October 1, 1914, by States 629 29 November 1, 1914, by States 641 38 January 1, 1915, by States 651 21 March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 April 1, 1915, by States 672 23 importations, quality, effect of new tariff law, etc 575 15 marketing by parcel post, practices 611 19 price averages- November 1, 1914 641 38 December 1, 1914 645 43 January 1, 1915 651 27 March 1, 1915 665 27 April 1, 1915 672 27 in No. Page. 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 39 645 44 651 28 665 28 672 28 575 15 611 10 620 7 575 29 INDEX. 13 Butter — Continue d . Fai mers prices at market centers — l^ May, 1914 June, 1914 July, 1914 August, 1914 September, 1914 October, 1914 November, 1914 December, 1914 January, 1915 March, 1915 April, 1915 production, 1909 receipts at principal markets — June, 1914, comparisons August, 1914, comparisons tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 Cabbages — acreage, yield, and production in States of surplus production, 1913, 1914 645 11.12 crop condition- in Florida, March 1, 1914 in Florida, April 1, 1914 in Florida, May 1, 1914 in Florida and California, March 1, 1915 in Florida and California, April 1, 1915 September 1, 1913, by States June 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, by States farm prices — November 1, 1913 October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914," by States'. December 15, 1914. by States February 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States price averages^ December 15, 1913 Februarv 15, 1914. i March 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15. 1914 June 15. 1914 •. July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 Februarv 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 ". yield and production, 1913, by States -j yield and production, 1914, by States California — barley shipments to eastern markets by water beet-sugar industry, 1912-1913 beet-sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 crop conditions — November 1. 1913 December 1, 1913 584 22 590 10 598 14 665 5 672 7 558 19 604 17 611 34 615 33 520 31 563 6-7 641 3'5 645 40 651 25 665 25 672 25 560 8 584 21 590 20 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 651 27 665 27 672 27 560 14 563 6-7 629 26 645 13 570 13 598 10 563 7 570 21-22 14 AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. California — Continued . Farmers' crop conditions— continued. ■ Bulletin No. Page. March 1, 1914 584 22 April 1, 1914 590 10 May 1,1914 598 14 June 1. 1914 604 8 Julyl,1914 611 11 August 1,1914 615 11 November 1, 1914 641 6 crops, production, 1912-1914, percentages 645 10 fruit crop, condition, December 1, 1913 570 21-22 fruits and nuts, crop conditions, October 1, 1913 560 8 See also under name of specific product, by States. Calves — farm prices — ■ March 15, 1914, by States 590 19 April 15, 1914, by States 598 19 May 15, 1914, by States 604 19 June 15, 1914, by States 611 36 October 15, 1914, by States 641 34 November 15, 1914, by States 645 38 December 15, 1914, by States 651 22 February 15, 1915, by States 665 23 March 15, 1915, by States 672 23 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 21 April 15. 1914 598 20 May 15, 1914 604 20 June 15, 1914 611 37 July 15, 1914 615 35 August 15. 1914 620 33 September 15, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1914 641 38 November 15, 1914 645 43 December 15, 1914 651 27 February 15, 1915 665 27 March 15, 1915 672 27 receipts at principal markets, 1900-1913, yearly 575 12 receipts at principal markets, 1900-1914, yearly 615 22 slaughter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 18 Canada — apple crop, 1914, condition 615 22 barley crop, acreage and production, 1914 ■. 629 15 barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces. . 581 20 barley production, 1912, 1913 560 6 cattle, number, 1891-1913, by years 615 21 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces.. 581 5 crops- acreage, vield, etc., 1914 629 14-15 principal, 1914 641 14-15 flaxseed — • acreage and production, 1913 581 27, 28 acreage and production, 1914 629 15 production, 1912, 1913 560 6 food production and requirements, percentages 641 21-22 foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 22 grain acreage, 1914 604 9 oat crop — 1913, acreage and production 560 4 1914, acreage and production 629 15 1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces 581 15 oats production, distribution, comparisons, etc 581 18 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by Provinces. . 581 24 rye crop, acreage and production, 1914 629 15 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces 581 22 . rj^e production, 1912, 1913 560 5 INDEX. 15 Farmers' Canada-Continued. . Bulletin No. Page. wheat crop, 1914, acreage and production 629 15 wheat crops- ^^^ ^ 1911, 1913 1 575 41 / 629 6 1912-1914 ( (541 9 Canadian peas. Sec Peas. Cane, sorghum. See Sorghum. Cane, sugar — ■ amount used for sugar in Louisiana, 1914 • 641 5-6 crop condition — October 1, 1913 560 8 July 1, 1914, by States 611 35 August 1, 1914, bv States 615 33 September 1, 1914, by States 620 31 October 1, 1914, by States 629 27 October 15, 1914, by States 641 31 Hawaii, acreage — ■ production and yield of sugar, 1911-1913, by divisions 598 12 production and yield of sugar, 1912-1914, by divisions 665 6 production, yield, and sugar production, Louisiana, 1913 590 11-12 yield of sugar in Louisiana, 1913, 1914 645 10 Cane-sugar factories— in Hawaii, cane composition and sugar output, 1911-1913 570 14 in Hawaii, number, output, 1914 665 6 in Louisiana, cane consumption and sugar output, 1911-1913... 570 13 in Louisiana, cane consumption and sugar out]>ut, 1911-1914. . . 672 4 Cantaloupes — crop condition — June 1, 1914, by States 604 17 July 1, 1914, by States 611 33 August 1, 1914, by States 615 31 September 1, 1914, by States. 620 3, 30 crop conditions, Florida and California — May 1,1914 598 14 June 1,1914 604 8 July 1, 1914 611 11 September 1, 1914 620 5 Cape of Good Hope, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 25 Car supply, movement of wheat crop of 1914, relation 611 23-26 Carleton, M. a., article on "The preparation of seed grain for spring planting " 584 6-7 Carload, wheat 611 24 Cars, freight, number owned by railroads 611 24 Carver, Dr. T. N., article on "Taking pains" 629 15-17 Cattle- Argentina, industry, quality, numbers, etc., 1888-1912 581 31-34 condition, 1910-1915 672 19 condition, April 1 , 1915, 10-year average, by States 672 17 consumption of feed crops, quantity and value of various crops. . 629 8-9 decline in production 560 18 decrease in number, causes < r-r 9 fi_7 distribution by geographic divisions, percentages 575 10 dutiable, imports, July-September, 1913 575 27 England and Wales, number, 1911-1914 620 16 export trade, decline 560 18-19 farm prices — January 1, 1914, average and increase 575 3 March 15, 1914, by States 590 19 April 15, 1914, by States 598 19 May 15, 1914, by States 604 19 June 15, 1914, by States 611 36 July 15, 1914, by States 615 34 September 1, 1914, by States 620 32 16 AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Cattle — Continued. Farmers' farm prices — continued. Bulletin No. October 1, 1914, by States 629 October 15, 1914, by States 641 November 15, 1914, by States 645 February 15, 1915, by States 665 March 15, 1915, by States 672 farm value," January 1, 1914, note 575 hides. See Hides. imports, by countries from which consigned, 1912-1913 575 in certain countries in specified years 615 increase on farms, January 1, 1915 651 losses from disease and exposure, 1913-1914, by States 590 losses from disease and exposure, 1913, condition, etc 590 marketings, 1900-1914 / ^^? { boi number- — and value, 1910-1914, with comparisons, by States 575 1899-1914, by years 615 comparison with population 575 numbers and values on farms, January 1, 1915, by States 651 on farms, 1840-1914, census years 575 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 April 15, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 June 15, 1914 611 July 15, 1914 615 August 15, 1914 620 September, 15 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 November 15, 1914 645 December 15, 1914 651 February 15, 1915 665 Marchl5,1915 672 raising in Argentina, conditions and management 581 receipts at principal markets — decline, statistics 615 1900-1913, yearly 575 1900-1914, yearly 615 slaughter in Argentina, 1904-1912, numbers and classes 581 slaughter Tinder Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 See also Calves: Cows. Caucasia- barley crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 corn crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 flaxseed crops, 1910-11, acreage and production 581 oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 Cauliflower, crop condition in California — March 1, 1914 584 April 1, 1914 590 May 1, 1914 598 March 1, 1915 665 April 1, 1915. 672 Celery, crop condition in California — March 1 1914 584 April 1, 1914 590 March 1, 1915 665 April 1^ 1915 672 Central Asia— barlev op 911, acreage and production 581 1 in_iQi 1 acreage and production 581 M Page. 28 34 38 23 23 5-6 27 21 1 15 7 18 3 5-6, 34-35 21 7-8 17 21 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 22,27 27 27 32-34 21 12 22 34-35 18 29 20 5 29 16 25 22 42 22 10 14 5 7 22 10 5 7 21 29 INDEX. 17 Farmers' Central Asia-Continued. Bulletin No. Page. oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 16 rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 23 Cereal crops— . rro r, on condition, September 1, 1913, with companaons 558 7- JO production, 1909-1913, and average, note 563 4 production and value, 1913, comparisons, etc 570 15-16 yields, areas, and prices on specific dates 560 2-6 Cereal exports, countries prohibiting 665 8 Cereals, stocks, March 1, 1915, by States 665 15-18 Cheese- prices at New York— May,1914 598 20 June, 1914 604 20 July, 1914 611 37 August, 1914 ■ 615 35 September, 1914 620 33 October, 1914 629 30 November, 1914 641 39 December, 1914 645 44 January, 1915 651 28 March, 1915 655 28 April, 1915 672 28 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 Chestnuts- — farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States 641 37 December 15 1914, by States 651 24 price averages- October 15, 1914 641 38 November 15, 1914 645 43 December 15, 1914 651 27 Chickens^ farm prices- — March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 April 1, 1914, by States 590 19 May 1, 1914, by States 598 19 June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 August 1, 1914, by States 615 34 September 1, 1914 by States 620 32 October 1, 1914, by States 629 29 November 1, 1914, by States 641 33 November 15, 1914, by States 645 39, 42 December 15, 1914, by States 651 23 Januarv 1, 1915, by States 651 21 March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 April 1, 1915, by States 672 23 price averages- November 1, 1914 641 38 December 1, 1914 645 43 January 1, 1915 651 27 Marchl,1915 665 27 April 1,1915 672 27 Chile- corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 China, buffalo hides, exports, 1912 615 20 Cholera, hog — effect on meat supply 560 24 epidemics, extent and ravages, by States 590 1-3 prevalence, losses, preventive measures, etc 558 4-6 f 558 5—6 preventive measures s ^qq ^_'j studies and work of department 558 4-5 8214—15 3 18 AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Citrus fruits — Bulletin No. crop conditions in foreign countries, consular reports, 1914 629 crop conditions, October 1, 1914 629 Mediterranean region, crop conditions, 1914 629 See also Grapeiruit; Lemons; Limes; Oranges. Clover — crop condition — June 1, 1914, by States 604 July 1, 1914, by States 611 hay, price averages, 1914 651 seed — crop condition- September 1, 1913, by States 558 October 1, 1913, by States 560 September 1, 1914, by States 620 October 1, 1914, by States 629 farm prices — August 15, 1913, by States 558 October 15, 1913, by States 563 October 15, 1914, by States 641 November 15, 1914, by States 645 December 15, 1914, by States 651 February 15, 1915, by States 665 March 15, 1915, by States 672 growing in Oregon, crop condition, production, etc 615 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 Aprill5, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 June 15, 1914 611 July 15, 1914 615 August 15, 1914 620 September 15, 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 November 15, 1914 645 December 15, 1914 651 February 15, 1915 665 March 15, 1915 672 price average paid by farmers — February 15, 1 914 584 March 15, 1914 590 April 15, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 June 15, 1914 611 July 15, 1914 615 August 15, 1914 620 September 15, 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 November 15, 1914 645 March 15, 1915 672 production, percentage, 1913, by States 563 yield and production, 1914, by States 641 yield, production and quality, 1913, 1914, by States 615 Coffee, imports, value 641 Cold storage, apples, March 1, 1915 665 Colombia, cattle, number, 1896, 1909 615 Colorado — beet-sugar industry, 1912-13 570 beet-sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 598 crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 See also under name of specific product, by States. Connecticut. See under name of specific product, by States. Cooperative marketing of cotton 641 CoRBETT, L. C, article on condition of the potato crop, August, 1913. 558 Page. 12-14 14 12-14 15 32 27 20 11 27 24 20 14 31 38-43 26 26 26 16 21 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 27 27 27 21 20 20 20 37 35 83 30 37, 38 42,43 27 14 31 29 22 13-14 21 13 10 10 14-16 3-4 INDEX. 19 Corn — Farmers' acreage— BuUetin No. 1914 629 and production, 1913 581 and production, 1914, by States 611 production and value, 1912-1914 645 production and value, 1913, comparisons, leading States, etc. 570 yield, and price, 1913 560 yield, and production, 1913, by States 570 yield, and production, 1914, estimates 620 f g20 yield, production, and price, 1914 < g29 yield, production, and quality, 1913 ■ 563 yield, production, and value, 1899-1914 645 yield, production, and value, 1913 570 yield, production, and value, 1914, by States 645 Argentine — discussion, statistics, etc 581 first cargo to Montreal in 1914, freight rates, quantity 611 imports, quality, composition, etc 581 weevil infestation, note 581 consumption on farm by various animals, quantity and value . . 629 crop — • condition and price — • July 1, 1914, by States 611 August 1, 1914, by States 615 September 1, 1914, by States 620 October 1, 1914, by States 629 estimates and prices — September 1, 1913 558 October 1, 1913, by States 560 November 1, 1913, by States , 563 July, 1914, by States 604 August, 1914, by States 611 September, 1914, bv States 615 October. 1914, by States 620 estimates fn.m condition — September, 1914 615 November, 1914 641 foreign countries, 1913 560 impurtance, world acreage, home demand, etc 581 cultivation in United States, extent, distribution, acreage, etc., comparison with foreign countries 581 domestic, C' .mparison with Argentine corn 581 exports, 1913 1 570 exports to United Kingdom, value per bushel 581 farm prices — September 1, 1913, by States 558 October 1, 1913, by States 560 November 1, 1913, by States 563 December 1, 1913, by States 570 March 1, 1914, by States 584 April 1, 1914, by States 590 May 1, 1914, by States 598 June 1, 1914, by States 604 July 1, 1914, by States 611 August 1, 1914, by States 613 September 1, 1914, by States 620 October 1, 1914, by States 629 November 1, 1914, by States 641 December 1, 1914, by States 645 January 1, 1915, bv States 651 April 1, 1915, by States 672 freight rates, ocean and rail over different routes 581 imports, 1909-1913 581 Page, 2 5 26 4 6 2 24 2 2 2-3 2,3,4 22 8,18 24 6-9 22 9-12 11 8-9 26 23 22 19 9,15 9 2,9 21 38 36 34 23 4 2 1-2 1-2 6-8 19 7 15 9 9 24 13 18 18 18 37 35 33 3 25 24 27 22 8-9 20 AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Corn — Continued. Bulletin No. merchantable, per cent of crop, by States 584 old, on farms, November 1, 1913 563 pop- farm prices, December 15, 1914 651 price averages, 1910-1914 651 price avera2;es — September 1, 1913 558 October 1, 1913 560 December 1, 1913 570 November 1, 1914 641 December 1 , 1914 645 December 15, 1914 651 February 15, 1915 665 April 1,1915 672 prices at market centers — May, 1914 598 June, 1914 604 July, 1914 611 Aiigiist, 19] 4 615 September, 1914 .- 620 October, 1914 629 November, 1914 641 December, 1914 645 Jamiarv. 1915 651 March,' 19] 5 665 April, 1915 672 prices of United States prodiict in British market, 1909-1913. . . 581 prodiiction and exports, 1909-1913 581 production in leading five States, 1014 645 purchasing power of 1 acre, ] 899-19] 3 645 region, weather conditions and progress ot crops, diagrams 615 regions, weather conditions and progress of crops, 1914, by weeks. 629 seed — preparation for planting 584 selection, testing, shelling, etc 584 shipped into cotton States, quantity and value, by States im- porting 645 shipped out of county where grown, by States 584 stocks on farms — March 1, 1912-1914 584 March 1, 1915 665 March 1, 1913, 1914, by States 584 stocks, prices, and movement, March 1, 1915, by States 665 value comparisons, 1914 with other years 651 value per acre with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 world crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 yield — and production, 1914, estimates 615 per acre, 1903-1913 558 production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 production and quality, 1914, by States 641 Cotton: acreage — 1913 563 1914 629 1913, by States 560 1914, by States 611 and yield, 1913. by States 598 and yield, 1914, by States, with comparisons 629 production and value, 1914 645 yield and production, 1913, by States 570 yield, production and value, 1913 570 yield, production and value, 1914 645 yield, production and value, 1914 by States 645 13 9 25 27 9 2 8 38 43 27 27 27 20 20 37 35 33 30 39 44 28 28 28 7 7 5 21 39-41 34-35 4-5 4-5 13 13 1-2 2 13 16 8-9 23 5-6 2 7 2 25 5 2 7 7 13 10 4 30 8 22^ 36 INDEX. 21 Farmers' Cotton— Continued. Bulletin No. Page. British India, acreage, 1912-1914 •.--.-•-- 629 11 colonial, production, efforts of European cotton associations, resxilta, etc 581 40-43 consumption, United States and Canada, note 651 13 cost of production, investigations and results, and items, by States. . 641 12-14 crop condition — acreage, prices, and amount ginned by States, 1913 558 13 September 25, 1913, by States 560 6-7 May 25, 1914, by States 604 22 June 25, 1914, by States 611 6-7 July 25, 1914, by States 615 13 Augi-.st, 1914 620 3-4 September 25, 1914, by States 629 10 September 1, 1914 620 2,3 October 1, 1914 629 2 domestic consumption, changes, imports, etc 641 11 exports — 1913 570 19 1913,1914 611 11 November, 1914 641 11 1911-1914, by coTintries to which consigned 641 12 value, eSect of Exiropean war, etc 620 8-9 farm prices — September 1, 1913, by States 558 13 October 1, 1913, by States 560 7 November 1, 1913, by States 563 5 December 1, 1913, by States 570 30 March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 April 1, 1914, by States 590 18 May 1, 1914, by States 598 18 June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 August, 25, 1914, by States 620 4 September, 25, 1914, by States 629 10 November 1, 1914, by States 641 33 December 1, 1914, by States 645 36 January 1, 1915, by States 651 21 March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 April 1, 1915, by States 672 22 foreign markets 641 12 ginned prior to — November 1, 1914 641 11 September 1, 1913, by States 558 13 September 25, 1911-1913, by States 560 7 November 1, 1913, by States 563 5 grading by producer, advantages 641 15 growers, currency for warehouse receipts, plan 620 11-14 imports, 1881-1913 641 11 marketing, cooperative 641 14-16 marketing situation, conference, discussion, etc., 1914 620 8-15 middling, decline of price, September 15, 1914 620 15 mills, spindles, world distribution 620 8-9 price averages — December 1, 1913 570 8 November 1, 1914 641 38 December 1, 1914 645 23,43 January 1, 1915 651 27 March 1,1915 665 27 April 1,1915 672 27 production — ■ 1870-1913 581 43 1914 651 12-13 and value, 1913, comparisons, leading States, etc 570 6-7 consumption, exports and imports, 1881-1913 641 11 in leading five States, 1914 645 5 22 AGRICULTUBAL OUTLOOK. Cotton— EX. 27 Employment — application blanks for Labor Department, 1915 offices, Labor Department branches, 1915 service. Labor Department, aid for farm England — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production crops, 1913, 1914 (with Wales), acreage and production oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production live stock (with Wales), 1911-1914 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production ._ shipments from Pacific coast by Panama Canal, time of passage . wheat crops, 1913, acreage and production EsTABROOK, Leon M., article on — farm expenses, receipts, etc., 1913 "Live Stock in the United States" crop yields, prices, etc>, review, 1913 Europe — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production by countries. . . corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries corn cultivation, extent, distribution, acreage, etc flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries wheat crop, 1914, condition, etc wheat crop, 1914, shortage wheat crops, 1911^1913, acreage and production, by countries. . wheat crops, 1912-1914, by countries Exports — agricultural products, 1913, value dm-um wheat, 1910-1914 horses, effect of European war oats, 1906-1913 wheat, by decades Factories, cane-sugar, in — Hawaii, number, output, etc., 1911-1913, by divisions Louisiana, number and output, 1911-1913, by parishes Farm animals — estimates, articles tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 See also Live Stock. Farm- buildings, investments, total and average per farm, 1910 570 expenses — 1913 itemized, total and average per farm, 1910 help, application for, blank implements, investment, total and average per farm, 1910. . investment, total and average per farm labor — employment service, establishment in 1915 hours, requirements in different States wages — 1915, by States with and without board, 1893-1913, by States products — cash sales for 1913 condition at harvest consumption on farms, percentage crop condition and prices, by States Farmers' Bulletin No. Page. 665 10-13 665 13 665 9-13 581 20 620 16 581 16 620 16 581 25 665 7 575 42 570 1-5 575 1-5 560 1-15 581 20 581 5 581 2-3 581 28-29 581 15-16 581 24-25 581 22 598 .5-6 641 9 575 41 629 7 570 19 615 15 651 3-4 581 18 611 4 598 12 590 11-12 575 5-23 575 29 570 21 570 3-4 665 10 570 2 570 2 665 9-13 584 9-10 665 8, 20-21 584 16-17 570 2 629 3 570 2 620 1-3, 22-29 28 AGEICULTURA.L OUTLOOK. Farm — Continued . products — continued. Farmers' farm prices— Bulletin No. October 1, 1914 March 1, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, bv States October 1, 1914, by States November 1, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States January 1, 1915, by States February 15, 1915, by States March 1, 1915, by States April 1, 1915, by States hauling, average distance and trips per day 1913, monetary value and production national surplus, discussion price averages — February 15, 1914 March 15, 1914 April 1, 1914 May 15, 1914 June 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 price range at market centers — 1914 1915 { prices — tendencies, discussion trend — 1914. 1915 { purchasing power of 1 acre, 1899-1913, table, compari- sons, etc sales, total, per farm, and per capita of rural population, 1913 transportation, concentrating and storage-in-transit arrange- ments value^ — 1913...^ 1914 ^ wagon hauls, comparisons, size and value, time, cost and distance yield and production, 1914, estimates Farmer, need of local market for Live stock 629 3 584 20 615 34 620 32 629 28-29 641 33-38 645 38^2 651 20-21 665 23-26 665 22-26 672 22-26 672 11 570 5-17 570 18-19 58 i 21 590 20 590 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 665 27 672 27 620 33 629 30 645 44 665 28 672 28 570 17-18 584 10-11 590 12-13 598 7-8 604 10-11 611 12 615 16-17 620 4-5 629 14 641 7 645 12 651 10 665 6-7 672 7 645 19-22 645 6 672 15-16 570 2 645 6,7 672 12-13 629 3 560 20-21 INDEX. 29 Farmers' Farmers— BuUetin No. cooperation in marketing live stock, suggestions 560 labor income, receipts and expenses 570 purchasing power 645 supplies, quantity purchasable ■with products from 1 acre, 1899- 1913, table, comparisons, etc 645 Farms, number and — average acrr age, 1910 570 income, 1913 570 Feed crops- consumption on farms, quantity and value 629 disposition 629 distribution by value on farm 629 prodiiction, averages for five years 629 use on farms, value and average per farm, 1910 570 Fertilizers, cost, total and average per farm, 1910 570 Finland- barley crops, 1911-1913 581 cattle hides, imports, 1911 615 oat crops, 1911-1913, production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912 ...../. 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, production 581 wheat crops, 1911-1913 production 575 Fish, production, imports and exports, value 641 Flax, acreage — 1914 629 yield and production, 1914, estimates 620 Flax crop- — condition— S pteraber 1, 1914 620 Spt^mber 1, 1913, by States 558 Octobfr 1, 1914 629 c\iltural ra'^thods 581 straw, utilization 581 world — acr ag" and production of seed and fiber, by countries, 1912. 581 importance, distribution, caltoral methods, etc 581 yield — 1913 { '^l [ 604 by States, 1914 \ 611 I 615 Flaxseed — acreag'^ and— pric^s, 1913 558 production 581 production, 1914, estimates 611 acreage, yield — and production, 1913 560 production and value, 1914 645 4 production, value, and price, 1913 570 crop condition — October 1, 1913, by States 560 S^pt'-mber 1, 1914, bv States 620 Octobor 1, 1914, bv States 629 crop condition and price — July 1, 1914, by States 611 August 1, 1914, by States 615 Page. 21 2-A 18-23 19-20, 21 2 2 8-9 8-9 9 5 3 3 20 20 15 24 22 42 22 2 2 2 16 2 26 26-27 28-30 26-30 7 18 21 38 36 12 27,28 29 6 , 22, 35 8,33 11 23 20 29 28 30 AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Flaxseed crops- — Farmers' farm prices— BuUetin No. November 1, 1913, by States March 1, 1914, by States December 1, 1913, by States April 1, 1914, by States May 1, 1914, by States June 1, 1914, by States October 1, 1914, by States November 1, 1914, by States December 1, 1914, by States January 1, 1915, by States March 1, 1915, by States April 1, 1915, by States forecasts from condition in specific months price averages — September 1, 1913 October 1, 1913 December 1, 1913 August 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 December 1, 1914 January 1, 1915 March 1, 1915 April 1, 1915 production in — foreign countries, 1913 leading five States, 1914 value — comparisons, leading States, etc., 1913 comparisons, 1914, with other years per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 world crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by coim tries... yield — by States, 1914 production and quality — averages, 1914 1913, by States 1914, by States • yield and production — 1913 1914 1 Fleeces, weight, 1914, by States Florida — crop report, 1915, with comparisons crops, production, 1913, percentages crops, production, 1914, percentages losses from hog cholera, yearly average See also under name of specific product, by States. Flour, Argentina, exports from, 1912-1914 Fly, Hessian. See Hessian fly. Food- perishable, shipping by parcel post, management production and requirements — of various countries percentages Foodstuffs — foreign countries, production, exports and imports, value production, imports and exports, value Foot-and-mouth disease, relation to number of live stock Forage — crop estimate and prices, 1913 crops. See Alfalfa; Clover; Kafir corn; Millet; Timothy. Foreign countries — barley — crop, 1913 production, 1913 563 2, 4, 11 584 20 570 33 590 18 598 18 604 18 629 3,20 641 28 645 35 651 21 665 22 672 22 641 4 558 12 560 6 570 8 615 2 641 38 645 23,43 651 27 665 27 672 27 581 27 645 5 570 15 651 8-9 645 23 581 28-30 620 33 641 2 563 11 641 28 563 2,4 615 2 629 3 611 35 665 5 563 7 645 10 590 2 645 641 641 641 641 651 558 558 560 17 611 19-20 20-22 21 22 22 4-5 12 10-11 4-5 INDEX. 31 Farmers' Foreign countries — Continued. Bulletin No. corn crops, production, 1913, comparisons, etc 560 crops, sources of information 581 oats, production, 1913 i cgQ rye crop, 1913 | gg^ wheat crop — 1913 558 ( fii 1 1914, outlook, discussion < „, ^ wheat production, 1913 560 See also under name of specific crop, by countries. Formosa — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 France — barley crops, 1911-1913. acreage and production 581 cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 com crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 641 crop reporting system 581 flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 food production and requirements, percentages 641 foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 wheat — • acreage, 1914 604 crops — 1912-1914 641 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 Freight rates — corn — Argentina to — Chicago 604 Montreal 611 ocean and rail, over different routes 581 ocean, wheat from New York to Liverpool, variations 645 Fruit crops^- conditions in California and Florida — September 1, 1913 558 October 1, 1913 560 November 1, 1913 563 December 1, 1913 570 production — 1913, percentages by States 560 1911-1913, yearly percentages 563 1912-1914, yearly percentages 641 See also Apples; Blackberries; Cranberries; Grapes; Peaches; Pears; Prunes; Raspberries; Strawberries. Fruits — crop condition — September 1, 1913, by States 558 July 1, 1914, by States 611 August 1, 1914, by States 615 September 1, 1914, by States 620 October 1, 1914, by States 629 production, imports and exports (with nuts), value by countries. 641 subtropical. See Apricots; Grapefruit; Lemons; Limes; Olives; Oranges; Pineapples. Georgia — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 See also under name of specific product, by States. 2 43-50 10 4 11 5 8-9 5-6 11-13 3 20 42 20 20 5 12 45-47 28 21 22 15 25 22 f 9 42 11 22 8-9 7 14 8 7 21-22 12 3 3 18 33 31 30 25 22 32 AGRICULTTJKAL OUTLOOK. Farmers Germany — ^ barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 food production and requirements, percentages foodstuffs production, imports and exports, value oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production potato — crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production production, discussion rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production Goat meat — consumption, 1909 consumption per capita, 1909 Goats — slaughter under Federal inspection, 191 0-1913 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 Grain — crop conditions — and prices, September 1, 1913, by States December 1, 1913 crops of the Northern Hemisphere, yield per acre, 1914, averages, edible, production, imports and exports, value by countries. . . seed, preparation for sjiring planting shi] ment from county where grown, increase, tendency, etc stocks on farms — March 1, 1914 March 1, 1915 weight per bushel, by States < See also Barley; Corn; Oats; Wheat; Etc. Grapefruit — crop condition in Florida — September 1, 1913 October 1, 1913 November 1, 1913 December 1, 1913 March 1, 1914 •. April 1, 1914 May 1 , 1914 June 1, 1914 July 1, 1914 Sej^tember 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 March 1, 1915 April 1, 1915 production and quality, 1912-1914, in Florida, percentages. . . . Grapes — crop condition — September 1, 1914 September 1, 1913, by States October ], 1913, by States July 1, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, bv States October 1, 1914, by States in California — September 1, 1913 October 1, 1913 November 1, 1913 December 1, 1913 June 1 , ] 914 September 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 November 1 , 1914 tin No. Page. 581 20 615 20 641 12 641 20-21 641 22 581 15 581 25 581 23-24 581 22 575 42 575 24 575 25 560 18 575 29 558 15-16 570 19-20 645 8 641 22 584 6-7 584 3^ 584 1-2 665 1-2 5G3 12 641 29 558 14 560 8 563 7 570 22 584 22 590 10 598 14 604 8 611 11 620 5 629 12 641 6 665 5 672 7 645 10 620 3 558 18 560 12 611 33 615 31 620 30 629 25 558 14 560 8 563 7 570 22 611 11 620 5 629 12 641 6 INDEX. 33 Grapes — Continued . Farmers' farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States production — 1913, percentage, by States *- 1914, 1 ercentagGS, by States Grafis croys, condition, Sei tember 1, 1914, by States Great llritaln — crop re; orting system wheat cro} s, 1 914 | Greece — citrus fruit, crop conditions, 1914, consular report hides, im;[ orta into, 1912 potato crop, ] 912 wheat crop, 1913, production Harding, W. G. P., ] Ian for issuance of notes by warehousing firms. Hartley, C. P., article on "Irei aring seed corn for i lanting"' Harvest — labor, wages, with and without board, 1913, by States wages, tendency wheat — duration in Northern and Southern Hemispheres, move- ment, etc world's ] rogrcos Hauling, farm products Hawaii — cane-sugar } reduction, com| arisons, etc sugar cro;', i9i4 sugar I reduction, factories, yield of cane, etc., 1913, by divisiona. Hay — acreage, 1914 acreage, yield and \ reduction — 1913, by States 19-4, estimates acreage, yield, i reduction, and value — 1913 1914 19:4, by States. alfalfa, ] rice averages, 1914 clover, 1 rice averages, 1914 condition and } rice, June 1, 1914, by States condition, Se; tember 1, I9M consum; tion on farm by various animals, quantity and value. . crop condition and i rices — Julv 1, 1914, by States August ] , 1914, by States crop, condition, comparison, etc., 1914 crop estimate and prices, ] 913 crop, forecasts from condition, August-September, 1914 crop, 1 roduction and value, comparisons, leading States, 1913.. farm | rices — December 1, 1 913, by States March 1, ] 914, by States Airil 1, 19:4, by States October 1, 1914, by States November 1, 1914, by States December 1, ] 914, by States January J , ] 915, by States March 1, 1 915, by States April 1, 1915, by States 8214—15 5 in No. Page.- 641 35 645 39 651 24 563 13 641 30 620 28 58] 47 629 7 641 9 629 13 615 20 581 25 575 42 620 13-14 584 4-5 584 17 584 8 645 15-16 604 10 672 11-14 570 14 665 5-S 598 12 615 2d 570 25 620 2 570 8 645 22 645 4,34 651 27 651 27 601 15 620 3 629 8-9 611. 32 615 29,30 598 6 558 12 641 4 570 7 570 25 584 20 590 18 629 3 29 641 33,36 645 34,41 651 21,23 665 22.24 672 22, 24 34 AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Hay — Continued. Farmers' prairie— Bulletin No. Page. farm prices, February 15, 1915, by States 665 24 price averages, December 15, 1914 651 27 price averages — September 1, 1913 558 12 December 1, 1913.... 570 8 January 15, 1914 651 27 November 1, 1914 641 38 December 1, 1914 645 23,43 Januarv 15, 1915 651 27 February 15, 1915 665 27 March 15, 1915 672 27 prices — Sej)tember 1, 1913 558 17 November ], 1913 563 2 August 1,1914 615 2 September 1, 1914 620 27 prices at Chicago — May 15, 1914 598 20 June 1,1914 604 20 July 1,1914 611 37 August 1,1914 615 35 September 1, 1914 620 33 October 1, 1914 629 30 November i, 1914 641 39 December 1, 1914 645 44 Januarv 2, 1915 651 28 February 1, 1915 665 28 April 1,1915 672 28 production in leading five States, 1914 645 5 shipment into cotton States, quantity and value, by States im- porting 645 13 stocks on farms, and prices. May 1, 1914, by States 598 6, 16 value comparisons, 1 914 , with other years 651 8-9 value per acre, with comparisons, 1914 645 23 various kinds, farm prices, November 15, 1914, by States 645 41 yield — 1903-1913 { If, ''II and production, October, 1 913 563 2 and 1 reduction, August 1, 1914 615 2 and iroduclion, October 1, 1914 629 3 June, 1914, bv States, estimates 598 16, 21 July 1, 1914, by States, estimates 604 21 August ], 1914,' by States, estimates 611 38 production and quality, averages, 1914 641 2 production and quality, September ], 1914, by States 620 27 Hemp — crop condition, 1913 558 14 yield, 1913 560 8 yield and production, averages, 1914 , 641 2 Hessian fly- description, habits, occurrence, etc 611 12-14 '' flaxseed ' ' stage, appearance, period, etc 611 13-14 life history, distribution, effect on wheat, and preventive meas-. ures 611 12-16 Hickory nuts — farm prices- October 15, 1914, by States 641 37 November 15, 1914, by States 645 39 December 15, 1914, by States 651 24 February 15, 1915, by States 685 24 price averages — October 15, 1914 641 38 November 15, 1914 645 43 December 15, 1914 651 27 February 15, 1915 665 27 INDEX. 35 Farmers' 2i(Jes Bulletin No. cattle, imports, 1914, by countries from which consigned 615 cattle, supi ly, discussion, statistics, etc 61 5 exports and imports, 1912. 61 -5 imports, discussion and statistics 615 Hog cholera — ef idemics, extent and ravages, by States 590 See also Cholera, hog. Hog lots, sanitation, relation to hog cholera 590 Hogs — condition — April 1, 1914, by States 590 September 1, 1914, by States 620 April 1,1915 672 April 1 , ] 91 5, 10-year average, by States 672 England and Wales, 1914 620 farm i rices — March 15, 1914, by States 590 A] ril 15, 1914, by States 598 May 15, 1914, bv States 604 June 15, 1914, by States 611 July 15, 1914, by States 615 September 1, 1914. bv States 620 October 1, 1914, bv S'tatea 629 October 15, 1914, by States 641 November 1 5, 1914, by States 645 Decemoer 15, 1914, by States 651 February 15, 1915, bv States 665 March 15, 1915, by States 672 increase on farms, January 1 , 1915 • 651 losses from disease and exposure 672 losses? from disease, 1913, by States 590 marketing, 1 900-1914 651 numbers and values on farms, January 1, 1915, by States 651 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 April 15, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 June 1 5, 1914 611 .July 15, 1914 615 August 15, 1914 620 Se] tember 15, 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 December 15, 1914 651 February 15, 1915 665 Marchl5,1915 672 prices at Chicago — March 15, 1 914 598 June 1, 1914 604 July 1 , ] 914 611 August 1 , 1914 615 August 15,1914 • 620 Sei;tember 15, 1914 629 November 1 , 1914 641 December 1, 1914 645 Januarv 2, 1915 651 February 1, 1915 665 April 1, ] 915 672 receipts at principal markets, 1913 575 slaughter under Ferleral inspection, 1913 560 stock, supply, condition, etc 558 supply, situation, September 1, 1915 620 See also Pigs; Swine. Pag*. 18-19 17-22 20 17-20 1-3 5-6 17 28 19 17 16 19 19 18 36 34 32 28 34 38 22 23 23 1 18 1-3, 17 3 19 21 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 27 27 27 20 20 37 35 33 30 39 44 28 28 28 12 18 13 15 36 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Holmes, George K. — artide on "Argentine l:eef" article on "Colonial cotton" article on "Supply of cattle hides " Honey — comb and "chunk," decrease of supi^ly, 1914, note crop, per cent in comb, extract, and chunk, by States, 1914. farm prices — OctolerlS, 1914, by States Noveml er 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States ■ '. lebruary 15, 1915. by States March 15, 1915, V y States farm receipts from (with wax), total, and average per farm. . price averages— < f ebruary 15, 1914 March 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15, 1914 June 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 Septeml er 15, 1914 Octol er 15, 1914 Noveml er 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 production, outlook — condition of nectar-bearirfg plants, etc discussion, 1914 yield per colony, 1914, by States Hop crop, production, value, leading States, 1913 Hops — consumption and movement — 1913, yearly \ 1914. ......'. ' crop condition — July 1, 1914, liy States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, by States ■ exports — [ 1913. • and imports, 1914 farm prices — November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States February 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States price a^ erc'ges — iune 15, 1913 October 15, 1913 r March 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 : ■ . August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 • October 15, 1914 '■ ■ November '5, 1914 December 15, 1914. .- ' ' February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 Farmers' Bulletin No. 581 581 615 620 620 641 645 651 665 672 570 584 590 598 604 611 615 620 629 641 645 651 665 672 598 620 620 570 563 641 611 615 620 570 641 645 651 665 672 611 563 590 598 604 614 620 629 641 645 651 665 672 Page. 30-40 40-43 17-22 6 7 35, 38 40.43 25,27 24 25 3 21 20 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 27 27 27 8-9 6-7 7 15 34 33 31 19 6 39 24 25 25 37 6 20 20 20 35 33 30 38 43 27 27 27 -1 INDEX. 37 Hops — Continued. Farmers' prices at New York— Bulletin No April, 1914 ^ May, 1914 '.'.... June, 1914 August, 1914 1 September, 1914 November, 1914 December, 1914 January, 1915 April, 1915 yield and quality — 1913, by States 1914, by States Horses — condition — April, 1914, by States March, 1915 April, 1915 ,. consumption of feed crops (with mules), quantity and value of various crops exports, effect of war farm prices — January, ] 914, average and increase May 15, 1914, by States June 15, 1914, by States July 15, 1914, by States Sei>teml er 1, 1914, by States Qgtober 1, 1914, bv States •October 15, 1914, by States Novem) er 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States Fel;ruary 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States increase on farms, January 1, 1915 losses — 1913, condition, etc •. from disease, 1913 from disease, 1914 (with mules), by States number, January 1, 1915 number and value, 1914, comparisons, etc number per capita price averages — February 15, 1914 March 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15. 1914 June 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 .' September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 > o ember 15, 1914 Decem^-er 15, 1914 Fe' ruary 15, 1915 March 15. 1915 production and breeds, effect of automobile industry tariff rates before and after Octoler 4, 1913 value on farms, January 1, 1914 •Hungary — ' " l:arley crop, 1013, acreage and production corn crop, 191T, acreage and production flax and flaxseed crops, 1912, acrea'^e and production oat crop, 1913, acreage and production potato crops, '1910-1 912, acreage and production rye crop, 1913, acreage and production 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 80 641 39 645 44 651 28 672 28 560 15 629 27 590 15 672 19 B72 17 629 8-9 651 3-4 575 2 604 19 611 36 615 34 620 32 629 28 641 34 645 38 651 22 665 23 672 24 651 1 590 8 672 18 590 15 651 3,14 575 2,8, 21,38 575 22 584 21 590 20 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 651 27 665 27 672 27 575 21 575 29 575 21 581 20 581 5 581 28 581 15 581 24 581 22 38 AGRICULTXJEAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Hungary — Continued , Bulletin No. wheat acreage and production, 1913 575 wheat, aerea'^e and production, 1914, forecast 611 wheat crops, 1914 629 641 Idaho — beet sugar, production, factories, etc., 1913 598 beet-sugar industry, 1913 570 crop conditions, changes, etc. . July, 1914 615 See also under name ofspccijic product, by States. Illinois^ crop conditions, changes, etc.. July, 1914 615 See al-o under name of specific product, by States. Immiaration Bureau, share in farm labor employment ser\ ice 665 Implements, farm investments, total and a , erage per farm, 1910 570 Imports — • hides, discussion and statistics 615 meat and meat animals, 1912, 1913, by countries from which con- signed 575 meat and meat products. October to January, 1914 581 meats and meat products under Federal inspection, October- December, 1913, by countries from which consigned 575 oats from Canada and other countries. 1906-1913 581 potatoes. 1909-1913 '. 575 India, British — barley crop, 1911, acreage 581 cattle liides, exports and imports, 1912 615 corn crop, 1911, acreage 581 cotton acreage, 1912-1915 629 cotton production, 1890-191 3 581 flaxseed crops, acreage and production, 1910-1912. 1913 581 f 598 wheat crops, 1912-1914 J ggg i 641 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 Indiana — crop conditions, changes, etc.. July, 1914 615 See aho under name of specific product, by States. Inspection, meat imports, note 575 International Institute of Agriculture — r 641 crop report, 1914 < 651 I 665 report on — barley production, 1913 560 corn production, 1913 560 flaxseed production. 1913 558 oats production, 1913 560 rye production. 1913 560 wheat crops of foreign countries, 1913 558 wheat production, 1913 560 ■\ alue in crop reporting ser , ice 581 Iowa — crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 hog cholera epidemic, losses in 1913 590 See also under name of specific product, by States. Ireland- barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 flax crops. 1910-1912, acreage and pioduction 581 oat crops. 1911-1913. acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 Italy — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreacre and production 581 cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 Pag«. 41 6 7 9 10 13 10-11 5-6 9-13 2 17-20 20-27 38-39 28 18 31 20 20 5 11 43 27,29 5 8 6 9 42 5 27 23 29 4 2 12 4 5 8-9 3 50 6 2 20 29 16 25 42 20 20 INDEX, 39 Farmers' Italy— Continued. Bulletin No. Page. corn crops. 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 flax and flaxseed crops. 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 oat crops, 1911-1913. acreaQ;e and production 581 15 potato crops. 1910-1912, acrea5;e and production 581 25 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 wheat crop, 1914 611 5 f 575 4^ wheat crops, 1911-1914, acreage and production { 629 7 [ 641 9 Japan — barley crops, 191 1-1913, acreage and production 581 20 cattle hides, imports into, 1912 615 20 corn crop, 1911 . acreace and production 581 5 cotton imports Irom United States, 1911-1914 641 12 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 rice production, 1913, 1914 < ^^^ 23 wheat crops, 1912-1914 641 9 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 JapaiT^se Empire, wheat crop". 1911-1913. acreage and production. . 575 42 Kafir corn — crop condition — September 1, 1913, bv States July 1, 1914. by. States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914 September 1, 1914, by States production, 1913, percentages, by States I production, 1 914, percentages, by States yield and production. 1914 Kansas — corn crop, 1913, sliortage, effect on wheat consumption crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 wheat consumption by li, e stock, 1913 wheat fed to li\ e stock, percentage of crop See also under name of specific product, by States. Kentucky — crop conditions, chanres, etc., July, 1914 hemp production, yield. 1913 See nlso under name of specific, product, hy States. Korea, cattle hides, exports from. 1912 Ivabor— Department — branch office for employment service estal)lishment of farm labor employment service in 1915 farm — hours required at different seasons, by States total expense and cost per farm, 1910 wages — a^ erages discussion and statistics for men. March 1, 1915, by States in 1914-1915 variations, 1893-1913, by States with and without board, 1893-1913, by States requirements in different States income, farmers, 1913, receipts and expenses Lambs- farm prices- — October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States ' 558 611 615 620 620 560 563 629 641 611 615 611 598 615 560 615 17 32 30 3 28 11 14 24 32 20 665 13 6G5 9-13 584 19 570 3 570 20-21 584 7-9 665 20-21 665 8 584 18 584 16-17 584 9-10 670 2-1 641 34 645 38 40 AGRICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. \ Lambs— Continued. Farmers' farm prices— continued. Bulletin No. L>e: ember 15, 1914, by States 651 February 15, 1915, by States 665 March 15, 1915, by States 672 losses from disease and exposure, 1911-1914, by States 590 price averaQ;es — February 15, 1914 584 March 15, 1914 590 April 15, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 June 15, 1914 611 July 15, 1914 615 Aus^ust 15, 1914 620 September 15, 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 November 15, 1914 645 December 15, 1914 651 February 15, 1915 665 March 15, 1915.. 6^ 2 Land, improved, area and acreage, per fai'm, 1910 570 Lard, consumption, 1900, 1909 575 Leather industry, supply of hides, note 615 Lemons — crop condition — September 1, 1914. 620 crop condition in California — September 1, 1913 558 OctDber 1, 1913 560 November 1, 1913 563 Mar-^h 1, 1914 584 April 1, 1914 590 May 1, 1914 : 598 June 1, 1914 : 604 July 1, 1914 611 October 1, 1914 629 November 1, 1914 641 March 1, 1915 665 April 1, 1915 672 production and quality in California, 1912-1914, percentages.. .< p^K Lettuce, shipping by parcel post, experiments 611 Lima beans — crop condition — • June 1, 1914, by States 604 July 1, 1914, by States 611 September 1, 1914, by States 620 yield and production, 1914, by States 629 Limes, crop condition in Florida — September 1, 1913 558 October 1, 1913 560 November 1, 1913 563 March 1, 1914 584 April 1, 1914 590 May 1, 1914 598 June 1, 1914 :.....-.... 604 July 1, 1914 611 September 1, 1914 620. October 1, 1914 629 November 1, 1914 ■ 641 March 1, 1915 665 April 1, 1915 672 1911-1913, perrentaQ:es 570 1912-1914, production and quality 645 Page. 22 23 23 16 21 20 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 27 27 27 2 26 22 14 8 7 22 10 14 8 11 12 6 5 7 22 10 20-21 17 34 31 26 14 8 7 22 10 14 8 11 5 12 6 5 7 22 10 INDEX. 41 Farmers' Livestock— Bulletin No. breeding females, per cent of total 575 condition, April 1, 1914, by States 590 distribution, by geographic divisions 575 farm receipts from, total and average per farm, 1910 570 in United States, number, value, prices, etc., discussion and statistics 575 local markets, need, discussion 560 losses— and condition, April 1, 1915, with comparisons 672 1913, causes, etc 590 from disease and exposure, 1913 672 marketing, 1900-1914 651 number^ — and total value on farms, January 1, 1914 575 and value per capita, 1914 575 on farms, January 1, 1915 651 relation to foot-and-mouth disease 651 on farms, 'number per capita, 1840-1914, census years 575 receipts at principal markets, 1900-1913, yearly 575 1913, value 570 values, January 1, 1915 651 variation in numbers, monthly and seasonal 590 See also Calves; Cattle; Hogs; Horses; Lambs; Mules; Sheep, Etc. Live-stock industry — factors in economical meat production, suggestions, etc 560 relation of tick eradication 560 Louisiana — cane used for sugar, yield, etc., 1914 641 cane-sugar industry, 1912-13, factories, production, value, etc.. 570 crop conditions, changes, etc, July, 1914 615 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 BUgar cane, yield of sugar, 1913-14 645 sugar crop — 1913 590 1914 672 See also under name of specific product, by States. Luxemburg, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 Maine — losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 See also under name of specific product, by States. Malta, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 Manitoba — • barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 flaxseeil crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 wheat crops, 1911, 1913, acreage and production 575 Maple sin.p — farm prices — Febn.arvlS, 1915, by States 665 March 15, 1915, by States 672 price aA'err,ges — March 15, 1913 590 April 15, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 h ne 15, 1914 611 Fehniary 15, 1915 665 March 15, 1915 672 Page. 24 15-17 8-11 3 1-5 20-23 16-17 1-7 18-1& 3 22-23 3 1-2 4-5 8 12 22-23 26 5-6 13 8-9 2 10 11-12 4-5 25 25 20 28 15 24 22 41 25 25 20 20 20 37 27 2? 42 AGKTCULTUBAL- OUTLOOK. Maple sugar — farm prices — Febniary 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States , price aA^erages — March 15, 1914 April 15, 1914 May 15,1914 June 15, 1914 Februarv 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 Market — apple, relation of cold-storage holdings receipts, live stock, 1900-1914 Marketing — by parcel post cotton — cooperative study of situation live stock, commercial, fluctuations, etc., discussion parcel-post, standardization of products, prices, etc Markets, local for live stock, need, discussion Marvin, C. F. — article on weather conditions in relation to crops, August, 1913. discussion of weather condition in relation to crops Maryland — Crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 See also under name of specific product, by States. Massachusetts. See under name of specific product, by States. McAdoo, Secretary — call for conference on cotton marketing situation, 1914 plan for currency issue on warehouse receipts for cotton and tobacco Meadows, condition — Mav 1, 1914, by States in Florida, 1914 Meal, cottonseed. See Cottonseed meal. Meat animals — Argentina, exports from imports, 1912, 1913, by countries from which consigned losses from disease and exposure, 1913 losses on farm, causes, suggestions, etc price averages — 1911-19] 3 October 15, 1913 price tendencies prices, trend, etc. — 1913 1914...... prices, variations, note shortage, causes value, increase, causes See also Caivea; Cattle; Chickens; Hogs; Lambs; Pigs; Sheep. Meat — consumption — 1900, 1909 per capita, decline, etc • distribution, methods, relation to meat production exports, 1900, 1909 "extra edible parts," amounts, 1900, 1909, 1914 imports — October-January, 1914 from Argentina, October-January, 1914 under Federal inspection, October-December, 1913, by countries from which consigned Farmers' Bulletin No. Page. 665 25 672 25 590 20 598 20 604 20 611 r>7 665 27 672 27 651 10-12 651 3 611 16-22 641 14-16 620 8-15 575 11-12 611 17-18 560 20-23 558 1-2 560 16-17 615 620 620 11-14 598 16 584 22 581 37-38 575 26-27 590 8 560 27 560 1 563 I 570 17 560 1 604 11 641 7 575 4 575 4-5 575 24 560 17 575 25, 26 560 24 575 24 575 25 581 38-39 581 38-39 575 28 INDEX, 43 Farmers' Meat— Continued. . BuUetin No. Page. prices, retail, suggeetiona for lessening 560 24 production — and consumption, statistics, and discussion 575 25-29 1900, 1909, disposition, etc 575 23-24 imports and exports, value by countries 641 22 on farm, increase, suggestions 560 27-29 outlook, discussion 560 17-29 per capita, 1900, 1909, decline, etc 575 25, 26 products, imports — October-January, 1914 .' 581 38-39 from Argentina," October-January, 191 3, 1914 581 38-39 under Federal inspection, October-December, 1913, by countries from which consigned 575 28 supply — influence of farm, discussion 560 27-29 maintenance, stiggestions to farmers 560 28-29 of United States, future, disctission 560 23-26 slaxighter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 18 Meats — imports, 1912, 1913, by countries from which consigned 575 27 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913_. 575 29 Mediterranean region, citrus fnuts, crop conditions, 1914 629 13-14 Melons. See Cantaloupes; Watermelons. Mexico — barley crops, 1911-1913, production. 581 20 cattle hides, exports, 1912 615 20 cattle, mimber, 1902 615 21 com crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 flaxseed crops, 1910-1912 581 28 oat crops, 1911-1913, production 581 15 potato crops, 1910-1912 581 24 rye crops, 1911-1913 581 22 wheat crops, 1911-1913 575 41 Michigan — beet-sxigar — industry. 1912-1913 570 13 production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 598 10 crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 6 losses fi'om hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 See also under name of specific product, bi/ States. "Middlemen," control of markets and prices, remarks 570 5 Milch cows. See Cows. Milk, tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 Millet- crop condition- September 1, 1913, by States 558 17 July 1, 1914, by States 611 32 August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 September 1. 1914. by States 620 28 seed production — ■ 1913, percentages by States 560 11 1914, percentages, by States 629 24 Minnesota — losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 spring wheat, production, jdeld and prices, 1914 665 5-6 See also under name of specific product, by States. Mississippi — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 8 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 See also under name of specific product, by States. Missouri — wheat consumption by live stock, 1913 611 4 wheat fed to live stock, percentage of crop 598 4 See also under name of specific product, by States. 44 AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Bulletin No. Mohair, farm receipts from, total and average per farm, 1910 570 Montana — crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 See also under name of specific product, by States. Montenegro, wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 MooMAW, Clarence W., article on — ' ' Apple cold storage holdings and the market " 651- "Marketing the apple crop " 620 Mules — farm prices, average and increase 575 increase on farms, 1914 651 number and value — census vears, 3840-1914 575 January 1, 1915 ■ 651 on farms — January 1, 1914 575 January 1, 1915, by States 651 with comparisons, by States, 1910-1914 575 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 Mutton — consumption— 1900, 1909 575 per capita, 1900, 1909 557 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 Murray, Nat C. — article and statistics on — ■ food production and requirements of various countries 641 ' ' Pm'chasing power of farmers " 645 article on — • condition of cereal crops, September 1, 1913 558 "Cost of producing cotton" 641 "The wheat crop of 1913-1914" 629 statement on — "Disposition of feed crops" 629 "Wheat supplies and requirements " 629 statistics on ' ' Agricultural products sliipped into cotton States ' ' . 645 Natal, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 Nebraska — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 wheat consumption by live stock, 1913 611 wheat fed to live stock, percentage of crop 598 See also under name of specific product, by States. Nectar plants, condition, May 1, 1914 598 Netherlands — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 oat crops, 1 911-1913, acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 wheat crops, 191 2-1 914 641 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 Nevada — crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 See also under name of specific product, by States. New Brunswick — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 New England, crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 New Hampshire^ losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 See also under name of specific product, by States. Page. 3 10 42 10-12 16-22 2 1 1,15 22 15 39 29 24 25 29 20-22 18-23 7-20 12-14 4-5 8-9 5-6 12-13 25 7 4 4 20 20 28 15 25 22 9 42 10 20 15 24 41 3 INDEX. 45 Farmers' New Jersey- Bulletin No. crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 See also under name of specific product, by States. New Mexico — crop conitions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 See also under name of specific product, by States. New South Wales — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 corn crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production 581 oat crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 New York — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914..' 615 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 See also under name of specific product, by States. New Zealand — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 cattle hides, exports from, 1912 : . 615 cattle, number, 1891-1911, by years 615 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 oat crops, 1911-1913 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 wheat crop, 1914 598 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 Newfoundland, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 North America — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. 581 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 575 North Carolina — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 See also under name of specific product, by States. North Dakota — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 spring wheat, production, yield, and prices, 1914 665 See also under name of specific product, by States. Norway — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 cattle hides, imports into, 1912 615 oat crops, 191 1-1913, acreage and.production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 wheat crops, 191 1-1913, acreage and production 575 Nova Scotia, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 Nuts- crop conditions in California, September 1, 1913 558 crop conditions in California, November 1, 1913 563 farm prices, October 15, 1914, by States 641 See also Almonds; Chestnuts; Hickory nuts; Pecans; Walnuts. Oat crop — 1911 581 1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc 570 Oats — acreage and production, 1911-1913 581 acreage, 1914, by States . 604 acreage, yield, and production, 1913, by States | ^^^ 3-4 10 21 5 16 25 23 43 3 2 21 20 21 6 16 25 23 5 43 24 20-21 5-6 28-29 15-16 24-25 22-23 41 6 2 4-5 20 20 15 25 22 42 24 14 7 37 17 7 15 13 3-4 28 46 AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Oats — Continued. acreage, yield, and production, 1914, estimates acreage, yield, production, and value, 1913 acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914 acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914, by States area and production, various countries, 1911-1913 Canadian, imports, production, sm'plus, etc., discussion consumption on farm by various animals, quantity and value. . crop condition and price — June 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1913, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, by States crop condition at harvest, 1914, with comparisons crop condition, September 1, 1913, by States crop estimates, and prices, September 1, 1913 crop forecasts from condition in specific months crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. . crops, 1 906-1913, yearly exports, 1906-1913 farm prices — December 1, 1913, by States April 1, 1914, bv States May 1, 1914, by States November 1 , 1914, by States December 1, 1914, by States January 1, 1915, bv States April 1, 1915, bv States imports, 1906-1913. ." price averages — December 1, 1899-1914 September 1, 1913 October 1, 1913 December 1, 1913 September 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 December 1, 1914 January 1, 1915 February 15, 1915 April 1, 1915 prices — November 1, 1913 August 1, 1914 at Chicago, December 1, 1913 at market centers — May 1, 1914 June 1, 1914 July 1, 1914 August 1, 1914 September 1, 1 914 October 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 December, 1914 January 2, 191 5 March 1, 1915 April 1 , 1915 September 1, 1913, by States October 1, 1913, by States March 1, 1913, 1914, by States October 1, 1 914, bv States March 1, 1915, by States ; production in leading five States, 1914 seed, preparation for sowing seeding — increase in cotton States, 1915 quantity sown per acre, list of countries rmers' letin No. l^age. 620 o 570 8 645 4,22 645 28 581 15-16 581 17-18 629 8-9 604" 13 611 28 615 25 620 24 620 2 558 16 558 9-10 641 4 620 16 581 18 581 18 570 28 590 18 598 18 641 33 645 28 651 20 672 22 581 18 645 23 558 10 560 4 570 8 620 2 641 38 645 43 651 27 665 27 672 27 563 2 615 2 581 17 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 39 645 44 651 28 665 28 672 28 558 16 560 10 584 14 629 21 665 17 645 5 584 7 651 8 672 11 INDEX. 47 Oats — Continued. Farmers' shipped — BuUetin No into cotton States, quantity and value, by States importing. out of county where grown, by States smut, treatment of seed for prevention stocks — on farms — March 1, 1914 March 1 , 1914, by States March 1, 1915 prices and movement, March 1, 1915, by States value — comparisons, 1914 with other years per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 weight per bushel, by States < world — crop, distribution, production, etc., discussion crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . . . yield and production — 1913 1914 1914, estimates yield — averages, 1903-1913 | 1914, by States, estimates I production and quality — averages, 1914 1913, by States 1914, by States Ohio— beet-sugar — industry, 1912-1913 production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 See also tmder name of specific ■product, by States. Oil, cottonseed, exports, 1913 Oklahoma — crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 wheat — consumption by live stock fed to live stock, percentage of crop See also under name of specific product, by States. Olives — crop condition in California — • September 1 , 1913 October 1, 1913 .- November 1, 1913 June 1 , 1914 Julv 1, 1914 September 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 November 1 , 1914 production — in California, percentages, 1913-1914 in California, percentages, 1913 Onions — acreage, yield, and production, 1913, 1914, in States, of surplus production crop condition — September 1, 1913, by States June 1, 1914, by States 645 13 584 14 584 7 584 2 584 14 665 2 665 17 65] 8-9 645 23 563 12 641 29 581 12-16 581 15-16 563 2 629 3 615 2 558 7 570 18 598 21 604 21 611 38 615 30 641 2 560 10 629 21 570 13 598 10 615 5 570 19 615 9 611 4 598 4 558 14 560 8 563 7 604 8 611 11 620 5 629 12 641 6 645 10 570 22 645 558 604 11 19 17 48 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Onions — ^Continued. Farmers' crop condition — continued. BuUetin No. Page. July 1, 1914, by States 611 34 August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 September 1, 1914, by States 620 31 farm prices — November 15, 1913, 1914, by States 645 40 October 15, 1914, by States 641 35 December 15, 1914, by States 651 25 February 15, 1915, by States 665 25 March 15, 1915, by States 672 25 price averages — September 15, 1913 560 8 February 15, 1914 584 21 March 15, 1914 590 20 April 15, 1914 598 20 May 15, 1914 604 20 June 15, 1914 611 37 Julyl5,1914 615 35 August 15, 1914 620 33 September 15, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1914 641 38 November 15, 1914 645 43 December 15, 1914 651 27 February 15, 1915 665 27 March 15, 1911-1915 672 27 yield and production — 1913, by States 560 14 1914, by States 629 26 Ontario — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreageand production 581 15 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 41 Orange Free States, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 25 Oranges — crop conditions in Florida and California — September 1, 1913 558 14 October 1, 1913 560 8 November 1, 1913 563 7 March 1,1914 584 22 April 1, 1914 590 10 May 1,1914 598 14 June 1,1914 604 8 Julyl,1914 611 11 September 1, 1914 620 5 October 1, 1914 629 12 November 1, 1914 641 6 March 1, 1913-1915 665 5 April 1, 1913-1915 672 7 production and quality, 1912-1914 in Florida and California, percentages 645 10 Oregon — clover-seed growing, crop condition, production, etc 615 16 crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 11 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 See also under name of specific product, by States. Pacific coast, shipments to England , time by Panama Canal 665 7 Packing-house products, Argentina, exports from 581 37-38 Panama Canal, Pacific coast to England, trip time 665 7 Paraguay, cattle, number, 1899-1912, by years 615 21 INDEX. 49 Parcel post— Farmers' marketing— Bulletin No. Page. article by Charles J. Brand 611 16-22 promotion by post office at Washington, D. C. , methods 611 17 shipment, packages, limits, requirements, etc 611 21-22 Parcel postage, rates in local zones 611 21 Pasturage, farm, for meat production, suggestions, etc 560 21-22 Pasture- condition- May 1, 1914, by States 598 17 June 1,1914, by States 604 15 July 1,1914, by States 611 32 August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 1914. comparisons, etc 598 7 in Florida — Marchl,1914 584 22 April 1.1914 590 10 April 1, 1915 672 7 lands, utilization of waste areas, suggestions 560 21-22 Peaches — crop condition- September 1, 1914 620 3 June 1, 1914, by States 604 16 July 1, 1914, by States 611 33 August 1, 1914, by States 615 31 September 1, 1914, by States 620 30 in Florida — Aprill,1914 590 10 May 1,1914 598 14 April 1, 1915.. 672 7 crop conditions in Florida and California — June 1,1914 604 8* Julyl,1914 611 11 September 1, 1914 620 5 farm prices, October 15, 1914, by States 641 35 price averages — July 15, 1914 615 35 August 15, 1914 620 33 September 15, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1910-1914 641 38 production, 1913, by States 558 18 Peanuts — crop condition^ September 1, 1913, by States 558 20 October 1, 1913, by States 560 15 July. 1914, by States 611 34 August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 September 1, 1914, bv States 620 31 October 1, 1914, by States 629 27 farm prices — October 15, 1913-1914, by States ' 641 32 November 15, 1914, by States 645 39 December 15, 1914, by States 651 24 February 15, 1915, by States 665 24 March 15, 1915, by States 672 24 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 21 March 15, 1914 590 20 April 15, 1914 598 20 May 15, 1914 604 20 June 15, 1914 611 37 Julyl5,1914 615 35 August 15, 1914 620 33 September 1, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1914 641 38 50 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. PeanUiS — Continued. Fanners price averages — continued. I November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 15,1915 production, 1913, percentage, by States yield, production, and quality, 1914, by States Pears — crop condition^ — September 1, 1913, by States June 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914 September 1, 1914, by States October 1, 1914, by States crop conditions in — California — June 1, 1914 July 1, 1914 September 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 Florida- April 1, 1914 May 1, 1914 April 1, 1915 and California — June 1, 1914 July 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 farm prices- — August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States production- — and quality, 1914, by States 1913, percentage by States I Peas — Canadian — crop condition — June 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, by States production of forage and seed, 1914, percentages, by States. . crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. . field, crop condition, August 1, 1914, by States See also Canadian peas; Cowpeas. Pecans — farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States price averages — October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 Pennsylvania- crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 .* See also under name of specific product, by States. tin No. Page. 645 43 651 27 665 27 672 27 563 14 641 32 550 18 604 16 611 33 615 31 620 3 620 30 629 25 604 8 611 11 620 5 629 12 641 6 590 10 598 14 672 7 604 8 611 11 641 6 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 651 24,27 641 35 645 39 641 30 560 12 563 13 604 17 611 32 620 28 629 24 620 16 615 30 641 37 645 39 651 24 641 38 645 43 651 27 615 3-4 INDEX. 51 Farmers' Persia, wheat- ' BulletmNo. crop 1914 604 crops 1911-1913, production o7b Peru— cattle hides, exports, 1911 o-"-^ cotton production, 1900-1910 581 wheat production, note 645 Philippine Islands, corn crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 Pickens, James M., article on "The meat situation " 560 Pigs— England and Wales, 1911-1914 620 losses at farrowing, causes 560 raising near creameries, economical feeding, etc 560 Pineapples, crop conditions in Florida — March 1, 1914 584 April 1 , 1914 590 May 1, 1914 598 June 1, 1914 604 July 1, 1914 611 March 15, 1915 665 April 1, 1915 672 Planting, spring, progress — May 1, 1914, by States 598 remarks 598 Plowing, spring, progress — May 1, 1914, by States 598 remarks 598 Plums. See Prunes. Poland — * barley crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 flaxseed crops, 1910-1911, acreage and production 581 oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 wheat Crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 Pop corn- farm prices — November 15, 1914, by States 645 February 15, 1915, by States 665 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 November 15, 1914 645 March 15, 1911-1915 665 Pork- consumption — 1900, 1909 575 per capita, 1900, 1909 575 exports, 1913 570 production on irrigated farms, suggestions 560 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 Porto Rico- exports of honey and beeswax, 1914, increase, remarks and statistics 620 sugar production, 1912, 1913 611 Portugal — cattle hides, imports, 1912 615 citrus fruits, crop conditions, 1914, consular report 629 corn crops, 1911-1913 581 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 Postal routes, rural free delivery and star routes, mileage 615 Potato crop — forecasts from condition in specific months 641 outlook, September 1, 1913 558 1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc. . . 570 world, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries 581 Page. 8 42 20 43 15 5 17-20 16 27 29 22 10 14 8 11 5 7 17 7 20 29 16 25 22 42 40 25 21 43 27 24 25 19 29 29 6 22 20 13 5 42 22 4 3-4 9 24-25 52 AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Bulletin No. Page. Potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 Potatoes — acreage — 1914 629 2 and production, 1914, estimates 611 31 production and value, 1912-1914 645 4 yield— and production — 1913, by States 570 29 1914, estimates 620 2 production and value — • 1899-1914 645 22 1911-1913 570 8 1913, 1914, by States 645 32 condition in Florida — March 1,1914 584 22 April 1,1914 590 10 May 1,1914 598 14 June 1,1914 604 8 March 1,1915 665 5 April 1,1915 672 7 crop condition — October 1, 1914 629 2 and prices — September 1, 1914 620 2 September 1, 1913, by States 558 19 July 1, 1914, by States 611 31 August 1, 19 W, by States '. . . 615 27 September 1, 1914, by States 620 25 October 1, 1914, by States 629 22 crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. 620 16 farm prices — October 1, 1914 629 3 October 1, 1913, by States 560 13 November 1, 1913, by States 563 10 December 1, 1913, by States 570 29 March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 April 1, 1914. by States 590 18 May 1, 1914, by States 598 18 June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 November 1, 1914, by States 641 26 December 1, 1914, by States : 645 32 January 1, 1915, by States 651 20 March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 April 1, 1915, by States 672 22 imports, 1909-1913 575 31 price averages — October 1, 1913 560 8 November 1, 1913 563 2 December 1, 1913 570 8 August 1,1914 615 2 November 1, 1914 641 38 December 1, 1914 645 23,43 January 1, 1915 651 27 March 1,1915 665 27 April 1,1915 672 27 prices, March 1 and December 1, 1914, by States 651 6-7 production — 1912, 1913, by States - 560 13 comparison with imports 575 31 in leading five States, 1914 645 5 stocks on hand and value, 1910-1914, by States 575 40-41 INDEX. 53 Potatoes— Coutiuued. .,^5P^*''It stocks on hand- S'^^^*"' No. January 1, 1914 575 January 1, 1915, by States 651 relation to prices, discussion 575 sweet. See Sweet potatoes. value — comparisons, 1914, witli other years 651 per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 world crop, distribution, comparisons, etc., discussion 581 yield — and production — 1913 1914, estimates. 563 615 629 f 604 1914, estimates by States j gjg I 620 558 570 641 563 641 629 641 641 641 560 560 570 570 per acre, averages, 1903-1913 \ production and quality — averages, 1914 1913, by States 1914, by States Poultry — consumption of feed crops, quantity, and value of \'arious crops. . foreign countries, production, imports and exports, value production — imports and exports (with eggs), value imports, by countries on farms, economic importance situation, note value and average per farm, 1910 • products, 1913, value See also Chickens; Turkeys. Powell, T. F., article on "Concentrating and storage-in-transit arrangements in transporting farm products " Prairie hay. See Hay. Prices- agricultural products — at market centers, 1912-1914 . 1914, by States March 1, 1914, by States. June 15, 1914, by States. . August 1, 1914 August 1, 1914, by States. December 1, 1899-1914.. . farm, agricultural products — October 1, 1914 April 1, 1914, by States... May 1, 1914, by States. .. June 1, 1914, by States. . . farm products — averages — March 1, 1914 April 15, 1914 March 15, 1915 May 15, 1914 June 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 672 30 5-7 29-30 8-9 23 23-25 2 2 3 21 38 36 34 7 18 2 10 26 8-9 22 22 22 29 25 3 16 15-16 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 641 39 61l/ 26-29, ^^^\31-32, 36 584 20 611 36 615 2 615 23-29 645 23 629 3 590 18-19 598 18-19 604 18-19 584 21 590 20 672 27 604 20 611 37 615 35 54 AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Prices — Continued . farm products — continued. Farmers' averages — continued. Biiiletin No July 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 March 1, 1914, by States Julv 15, 1914, by States August 15, 1914, by States October 1, 1914, by States November 1, 1914 , by States November 15, 1914, by States January 1, 1915, by Statas February 15, 1915, by States March 1, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States April 1, 1915, by States range at market centers — 1914 1915 tendencies, discussion trend, 1914. groin, September 1, 1913, by States vegetables, September 15, 1914, by States Prince Edward Island, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and pro- duction Prunes, crop condition in California — September 1, 1913 October 1, 1913 June 1, 1914 July 1, 1914 August 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 Prussia — grain crops, production, 1914 wheat crops, 1912-1914 Quebec — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production corn crops, 1911-1913, acreaga and production flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production o?t crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage an;l production rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production Queensland- barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production corn crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production. potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production rye crops, 1911-1913, production wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 665 27 584 20 615 34 620 32 629 28-29 641 33-38 645 38^2 651 20-21 665 23-26 665 22 665 22-26 672 22-26 620 33 629 30 645 44 665 28 570 17-18 584 10-11 590 12-13 598 7-8 604 10-11 611 12 615 16-17 620 4-5 629 14 641 7 645 12 665 6 672 7 558 15-16 629 26 581 24 558 14 560 8 604 8 611 11 620 5 629 12 641 23 641 9 581 20 581 5 581 28 581 15 581 24 581 22 581 21 581 5 581 16 581 25 581 23 575 43 INDEX. 55 Farmers' Kaspberries, crop condition— BuUetin No. Juns 1, 1914, by States ^1/4 July 1, 1914, b V States 611 August 1,1914, by States ---. v.V- En Kawl, B. H., article on " Nee1 for local markets for live stock 660 Reexports, agricultural products, 1913, value 570 Rhole Island. See under name of specific product, by States. Rice — acreage— 1914 629 and production, 1914, estimates 611 production, yieli, and value — 1913 570 1914 _. 645 4, yieli and production — 1913, by States 570 1913, note 560 1914, estimates 620 crop — estimate and acreage, 1913 558 forecasts from con litions, November, 1 914. 641 1913, pro luction and value, comparisons, leading States, etc . 570 crop condition — September 1 , 1913, by States 558 October 1 , 1913, by States 560 Julv 1, 1914, by States 611 August 1, 1914, by States 615 September 1 , 1914, by States 620 October 1, 1914, by States 629 exports (with rice flour, etc.), 1913 570 farm prices — December 1, 1913, by States 570 September 1, 1914, by States 620 December 1, 1914, by States 645 price averages — December 1, 1913 570 December 1, 1914 645 production in lea 'ing five States, 1 914 645 value comparisons, 1914, with other years 651 value per acre, with comparisons, 1914 645 yiel I and pro luction, 1914 — estimates 615 note 629 yield, 1914, by States, estimates 604 611 615 620 Rommel, George M. — article on "The influence of the average farm on the meat supply " 560 remarks on sheep raising on the farm 575 Roumania — barley crop, 1913, acreage and pro luction 581 corn crop, 1 913, acreage an 1 pro 'uction _ 581 flax an I flaxsee 1 crops, 1912, acreage and production 581 hi es, imports, 1911 615 oat crop, 1913, acreage an 1 pro luction. 581 potato crop, 1912, acreage an I pro luction 581 rye crop, 1913, acreage an I pro luction - . 581 wheat acreage, 1914 , 604 wheat crop, 1914 641 wheat crop, 1913, acreage an 1 pro luction 575 Russia — barley crop, 1911 , acreage and pro luction, by countries 581 cattle, number, 1899-1911, by years 615 Page, 16 33 31 20-23 19 2 30 22,36 32 5-6 2 12 4 14-15 16 11 30 28 2,26 2,23 19 32 26 36 23 5 8-9 23 2 3 21 88 36 34 27-29 18-19 20 5 28 20 15 25 22 9 9 42 20,21 21 56 AGRICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Russia— Continued. BuUetiaNo. corn crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 cotton imports from United States, 1914 641 cotton production, 1913 581 farm wages, increase, etc 584 flax seed crop, 1911, acreage and production, by countries 581 food production and requirements, percentages 641 foodstuffs, pro-luction, imports and exports, value 641 grain crops, production, 1914 641 hiies, exports and imports, 1912 615 oat crop, 1911, acreage anl production 581 potato crop, 1912, acreage an 1 pro Juction 581 rye crop, 1911, acreage and pro luction 581 wheat crop — 1911, acreage and production 575 f 611 1914, acreage, etc { 629 I 641 Rye- acreage and produ etion, 1913 581 acreage in fall of 1914, by States ■ 672 acreage, production, yield, and value — 1913 570 1914 645 acreage sown — 1913, by States... 570 1914, by States 645 acreage, j'ield, and production — 1913, note - 560 1913, by States 570 acreage, yield, production, and prices, 1914 620 acreage, yield, production, and quality, 1914, by States 615 acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914, by States 645 average quantity sown per acre. List of countries 672 condition and price — June 1, 1914, by States 604 April 1, 1915, by States 672 crop condition — 1914, comparisons, etc 598 December 1, 1913 570 December 1, 1913, by States 570 April 1, 1914, by States 590 May 1, 1914, by States 598 July 1, 1914, bv States 611 December 1, 1914, by States 645 crop estimate, acreage, and prices, 1913 558 crop, 1913, production and value, comparison, leading States, etc .- 570 crops, world, 1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 farm prices — December 1, 1913, by States 570 March 1, 1914, by States 584 April], 1914, by States 590 October 1, 1914, by States 629 November 1, 1914, by States 641 December 1, 1914, by States 645 Jamary 1, 1915, by States 651 March 1, 1915, by States 665 price averages — September 1, 1913 558 October 1, 1913 f60 December 1, 1913 570 November 1, 1914 641 December 1, 1914 645 Page 5 12 43 9 29 21 22 23 20 10 25 22, 2;^ 42 5 7 22 21 34-35 37 5 31 2 26 22,30 11 15 21 6 20, 34-35 34-35 14 15 26 8,37 11 14 21-23 31 20 18 3,29 33 30 20 22 11 5 8 38 23,43 INDEX. 57 Rye — Continued. Farmers' price averages— continued. BuUetin No. Page. January 1, 1915 651 27 February 1, 1915 665 27 March 1, 1915 672 27 prices — November 1, 1913 563 2 August 1, 1914 615 2 prices at Chicago — May 1,1914 598 20 T 1 iQiA / 604 20 June 1, 1914... | g^^ 37 August 1, 1914 615 35 September 1, 1914 620 33 October 1, 1914 629 30 November 1, 1914 641 39 December 1, 1914 645 44 Januarv 1, 1915 651 28 Febn,ary 1, 1915 665 28 Aprill, 1915 672 28 prices, August 1 , 1914, by States 615 26 production in leading five States, 1914 645 5 value comparisons, 1914, with other years 651 8-9 valu e per acre, 1914, with comparisons 645 23 yield — 1914, by States, estimates j gQ^ 21 per acre, 1913 558 7 per acre, 1913, average 570 18 production and quality, average, 1914 641 2 yield and production — 1913 563 2 1914 629 3 1914, estimates 615 2 Saskatchewan — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and produ ction 581 24 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 Sausage, tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 Scotland — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 Seed- alfalfa. See Alfalfa seed, clover. See Clover seed, corn. See Corn seed, cotton. See Cotton seed, feed crops, requirements, quantity and value of various crops. . 629 8-9 quantity sown per acre in Europe and America 672 9-11 timothy. See Timothy seed, wheat. See Wheat seed. See also under name of specific plant. Seeding, fall, in cotton States, 1914.... 651 7-8 Serum, antiliog-cholera — directions for use 590 3-7 value and distribution 558 4-5 Servia — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 58 AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Servia — Continued. Bulletin No. Page. flax crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 29 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 23 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 Sheep — advantages as farm animal 575 18-19 condition — 1910-1915 672 19 April 1, 1914, by States : 590 16 April 1, 1915, with 10-year average, by States 672 17 consi mption of feed crops, qnantity and val: e of various crops. . 629 8-9 distribution, by geographic divisions, percentages 575 11 dutiable, imports, July-September, 1913 575 27 farm prices — January 1, 1914, average and decrease 575 3 March 15, 1914, by States 590 19 April 15, 1914, by States 598 19 May 15, 1914, by States 604 19 June 15, 1914, by States 611 36 July 15, 1914, by States 615 34 September 1, 1914, by States 620 32 October 1, 1914, by States 629 28 October 15, 1914, by States 641 34 November 15, 1914, by States 645 38 December 15, 1914, by States 651 22 February 15, 1915, by States 665 23 March 15, 1915, by States 672 23 imports, 1912, 1913, by countries from which consigned 575 27 increase on farms, January 1 , 1915 651 1 losses and condition for specific periods, by States 590 16 losses from disease and exposure, 1913, condition, etc < ^-9 -lo losses from disease, 1912-1913, by States 590 16 marketings, 1900-1914 651 3 number — and value, 1910-1914, with comparisons, by States 575 36 and value on farms, January 1, 1915, by States 651 18 January 1, 1914, decrease, etc 575 2-3 distribution by geographic division, etc 575 17-19 in England arid Wales, 1911-1914... 620 16 on farms, 1840-1914, census years 575 8 on farms, decrease, causes, etc 575 15-16 per capita in United States, 1840-1914 575 17 price averages — November 15, 1913 645 43 February 15, 1914 584 21 April 15, 1914 598 20 May 15, 1914 604 20 June 15, 1914 611 37 Julv 15, 1914 615 35 August 15, 1914 620 33 September 15, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1914 641 38 December 15, 1914 651 27 February 15, 1915 665 27 March 1.5, 1915 672 27 prices, decline, causes 575 16 production, decline, note 560 25 raising by farmers, suggestions 560 28-29 raising on the farm, discussion 575 18-19 receipts at principal markets, 1900-1913, yearly 575 12 slaughter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 • 560 18 tariff rates l^efore and after October 4, 19 r3 575 29 Sec also 1 ambs. INDEX, 59 Siberia — ^ barley crop, 1911, acreage and production flaxseed crops, 1910-1911, acreage and production oat crop, 1911, acreage and production rye crop, 1911, acreage and production wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production Singapore, hides, exports and imp ^rts, 1911 Sirup — maple. See Maple sirup. sorghum, yield of cane per acre, 1914, by States Slaughterhouses. See Abattoirs. Smut, grain, treatment of seed for prevention, directions Sorghum — crop condition — September 1, 1913, by States October 1, 1913, by States July 1, 1914, bv States August 1, 1914,' bv States September 1, 1914, by States October 1, 1914, by States yield of sirup — • per acre, 1914, by States 1913, percentage by States Sorghums, gram, preparation of seed for planting South Africa, British, cattle hides, exports, 1912 South America — corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production by countries. oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . wheat crops, acreage and production, 1911-1913, by countries. . South Australia — • barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production South, beef production, advantages South Carolina — crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 See also under name of specijic product, by States. South Dakota — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 sprmg wheat, production, yield and prices, 1914 See also under name of specific product, by States. Sows, breeding — condition and number, April 1, 1915, by States number, April 1, 1914, percentages by States percentage by States, comparisons, 1913 Soy beans — farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States February 15, 1915, by States price averages — February 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 Spain — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production citrus fruits, crop conditions, 1914, consular report corn crop.«, 191 1-1913, acreage and production Farmers' ulletin No. Page. 581 21 581 29 581 16 581 23 575 42 615 20 641 31 584 6,7 558 20 560 15 611 35 615 33 620 31 629 27 641 31 563 14 584 7 615 20 581 5 581 28 581 15 581 24 575 41 581 21 581 5-6 581 16 581 25 581 23 575 43 560 29 615 4-5 615 7 665 4-5 672 17 590 17 558 13 641 36 645 41 651 23 665 24 584 21 641 38 645 43 651 27 665 27 581 20 629 12-13 581 5 60 AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 672 672 , Farmers' Spain— Continued. Bulletin No corn production, 1914 hides, exports, 1912 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production. rice production, 1914 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production wheat crops, 191 2-1914 | wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production wine production, 1914 Spillman, W. J., article on "Futuie meat supply of the United States " Spring plowing and planting, progress, May 15, 1914, remarks Spring wheat. See Wheat, spring. Storage, cold. See Cold storage. Storage-in- transit, farm products, practices Strawberries — ■ crop condition in Florida — April 1, 1914 May 1, 1914 April 1, 1915 production, 1914 shipping by parcel post, tests Subtropical crops. See tinder name of specific crop. Sugar, beet — European, 1914 production — ■ and value, 1913-1914 and yield of beets, 1914 1912, 1913, by States 1914, by States factories and yield, 1911-1913, by States yield, 1913, factories, etc Sugar beets. See Beets, sugar. Sugai campaigns — Hawaiian, 1912-1914 Louisiana, 1911-1913, length, factories", and production Sugar, cane — production — in Hawaii, comparisons, etc., by divisions in Louisiana, 1911, 1912 in Louisiana, 1913 in Louisiana, 1914 of Louisiana, 1911-1 914 '. yield per acre in Louisiana Sugar cane. See Cane, sugar. Sugar- crop, Hawaiian, 1913-1914 factories, Hawaii, number, output, etc., 1914 Hawaii, production, factories, yield of cane, September 30, 1913. etc. , by divisions - _ imports from foreign countries and insular possessions maple. -See Maple sugar. Porto Rico, production, 1912, 1913. prices, 1915, comparison with previous years production— and value, 1913-1914 consumption and sources of supply, 1913 continental United States, 1914 imports and exports, 1913, value Louisiana, 1911-1913, by parishes supply- article by Frank Andrews sources "• 641 23 615 20 581 16 581 25 641 23 581 23 629 7 641 9 575 42 641 23 560 23-26 598 7 15 590 10 598 14 672 7 611 33 611 20 570 12 641 5 570 13 672 3-4 598 10 598 9-11 665 6 590 12 570 14 570 13 590 11-12 641 5-6 672 4 672 4 665 5-6 665 6 598 12 672 5-6 611 22 672 6 570 12 598 11-12 672 5 641 22 590 11 672 5-6 598 11-12 INDEX. 61 Sugar — Continu ed . yield — of beets, 1913 of beets, by States of cane in Louisiana, 1911-1914 Sulzer apple barrel law, text Sweden — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production cattle bides, exports and imports, 1911 flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and pioduction potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production rje crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production Sweet potato crop — forecasts from condition in bpecific months 1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc.. . Sweet potatoes — ■ acreage — 1914 and production, 1 914, estimates production and value, 1912-1914 yield and production, 1911-1913 yield and production, 1913, by States yiebl and production, 1914, estimates yield, production, and value, 1899-1914 yield, production, and value, 1913, 1914, by States crop condition — September 1, 1913 October 1, 1914 and prices, July 1, 1914, by States and prices, October 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1913, by States August 1, 1914, by States forecast and price, September 1, 1914, by States farm prices — October 1, 1914 October 15, 1913, by States December 1, 1913, by States July 15, 1914, by States November 1, 1914, by States December 1, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States February 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States price averages — December 1, 1913 February 15, 1914 March 15, 1914 April 15. 1914 May 15, 1914 June 15, 1914 Julv 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 .*- December 1, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 April 15, 1915 production in leading five States, 1914 production, 1913, percentage by States value compai'isons, 1914, with other years value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 Farmers' Bulletin No. Page. 629 11 598 10 (J45 10 620 21-22 581 20 615 20 581 29 581 16 581 25 581 23 575 42 641 4 570 10 629 2 611 31 645 4 570 8 570 33 620 2 645 22 645 33 620 2 629 2 611 31 629 22 558 19 615 27 620 25 629 3 563 10 570 33 615 27 641 27 645 33 651 25 665 25 672 25 570 8 584 •21 590 20 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 645 23 651 27 665 27 672 27 645 5 560 13 651 8-9 645 23 62 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Sweet potatoes — Contiuued. Farmers' yigl(J Bulletin No. Piige. and production, 1912, 1913 563 2 and production, 1914. 029 3 and production, 1914, estimates G15 2 r 611 38 1914, bv States, estimates \ 615 39 [ 620 34 production and quality, 1913 563 10 prcduction and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 2 production and quality, 1914, by States 641 27 Swine — consumption of feed crops, quantity and value of various crops. 629 8-9 distribution by geograpliic divisions, commercial movement, etc 575 20 distribution by geographic divisions, percentages 575 11 farm price, January 1, 1914, average and increase 575 3 number — and value, 1910-1914, with comparisons, by States 575 37 January 1, 1914, increase, etc 575 3 on farms, January 1, 1914, average weight and value 575 19 on farms, 1840-1914, census years 575 8 per capita, variation, 1840-1914 575 20 slaughter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 18 tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 See also Hogs. Switzerland — cattle hides, exports, 1912 615 20 potato crops, 1910-1912, production 581 25 wheat crops, 1911-1913 575 42 wheat crops, 1912-1914 641 9 Tariff rates on animals and animal products before and after Octo- ber 4, 1913 575 29 Tasmania — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 21 oat crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 23 Avheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 43 Taxes, farm expenses, total and average per farm, 1910 570 3 Taylor, William A., remarks on condition of the apple crop, August, 1913 558 2-3 Tennessee, crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 8 See also under name of specific product, hi/ States. Texas- cattle, increase in numbers, causes 575 6-7 crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 9 losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 See also under name of specific products, by States. Tick, cattle, eradication, effect on live-stock industry, possibilities. . 560 26 Timothv, condition — July 1, 1914, by States 611 32 August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 September 1, 1914, by States 620 27 Timothy hay. See Hay. Timothy, seed — » farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States 641 36 November 15, 1914, by States -645 41 December 15, 1914, by States 651 26 February 15, 1915, by States 665 26 March 15, 1915, by States 672 26 price averages — February 15, 1914 584 21 March 15, 1914 590 20 April 15. 1914 598 20 INDEX. 63 Timothy seed— Continued. „ ^f.'^^'x^T price averages-continued. Bulletin No. May 15, 1914 ^04 June 15, 1914 611 July 15, 1914 615 August 15, 1914 620 September 15, 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 November 15, 1914 645 December 15, 1914 651 February 15, 1915 665 March 15, 1915 672 prices paid by farmers — Februiuy 15, 1914 584 March 15, 1914 590 April 15, 1914 598 May 15, 1914 604 June 15, 1914 611 July 15, 1914 615 August 15, 1914 • 620 September 15, 1914 629 October 15, 1914 641 November 15, 1914 645 February 15, 1915 665 prices paid by producers — October 15, 1913, 1914, by States 041 November 15, 1913, 1914, bv States 645 December 15, 1914, by States : 651 February 15, 1915, by States 665 March 15, 1915, by States 672 Tobacco — acreage — 1914 629 and production, 1914, estimates 611 1914, by types and districts 611 production, vield, and price, by types, 1910-1913 570 yield, and production, 1911-1913 570 yield and production, 1913, by States 570 yield and production, 1914, estimates 620 yield, production, and value, 1899-1914 645 yield, production, and value, 1912-1914 645 yield, production, and value, 1913, 1914, by States 645 crop — forecasts from condition in specific months _. 641 production and value, 1913, comparisons, leading States, etc 570 crop condition — September 1, 1913, by States 558 October 1, 1913, by States 560 July 1, 1914, by States 611 July 1, 1914, by types and districts 611 August 1, 1914 615 September 1, 1914 620 October 1, 1914 629 October 1, 1914, by States 629 forecast and price, September 1, 1914, by States 620 farm prices — December 1, 1913, by States 570 October 1, 1914 629 December 1, 1914, by States. . . ._ 645 growers, currency for warehouse receipts, plan 620 price averages — December 1, 1913 570 December 1, 1899-1914 645 prices, by types, 1910-1913 570 production in five leading States, 1914 645 value comparisons, 1914, with other years 651 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 27 27 27 21 20 20 20 37 35 33 30 38 43 27 37 42 26 26 26 2 30 7-10 11 8 30 2 22 4 35 9-10 20 15 30 7-10 28 2 2 23 26 30 3 35 11-14 23 11 5 ?-9 64 AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Farmers' Tobacco — Continued. Bulletin No. Page. value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 23 yield and production, 1912, 1913 563 2 yield and production, 1914 629 3 yield and production, 1914, estimates 615 2 f 604 21 yield, 1914, by States, estimates I 611 38 i 615 36 yiel 1 p3r acre, 1933-1913 | l^^ ^l yield, production and quality, 1913 563 5-6 yield, production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 2 yield, production and quality, 1913, by States 563 12 yield, production and quality, 1914, by States 641 29 Tomatoes — crop condition — September 1, 1913, by States 558 19 July 1, 1914, by States 611 34 August 1, 1914, by States 615 31 September 1, 1914, by States 620 30 in Florida^ April 1, 1914 590 10 May 1, 1914 598 14 June 1, 1914 604 8 March 1, 1915 665 5 April 1, 1915 672 7 farm prices, October 15, 1914, by States .• 641 35 price averages — July 15, 1914 615 35 August 15, 1914 620 33 September 1, 1914 629 30 October 15, 1914 641 38 production, 1913, percentage, by States 560 12 yield and production, 1914, by States 629 26 Trade reports, consular, aid in crop estimation 581 49 Transcaucasia^ barley crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 21 flaxseed crops, 1910-1911, acreage and production 581 29 oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 16 rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 23 wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 42 Transportation, farm products, concentration and storage-in-transit arrangements 672 15-16 Transvaal, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 25 Tunis- barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 21 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production^ 581 16 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 Turkey — citrus fruits, crop conditions, 1914, consular report 629 13 wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 42 Turkeys — farm prices — • October 15, 1914 641 38 November 15, 1914 645 43 December 15, 1914 651 27 October 15, 1914, by States 641 34 November 15, 1914, by States 645 42 December 15, 1914, by States 651 23 Turnips, farm prices — February 15, 1914 584 21 November 15, 1914 645 43 December 15, 1914 651 27 November 15, 1914, by States 645 40 December 15, 1914, by States 651 25 INDEX, 65 Farmers' Turnips, farm prices— Continued. Bulletin No. Page. February 15, 1915, by States 665 25 February 15, 1915 565 27 Union of South Africa — barley crops, 1911-1913 581 21 corn crops, 1911-1913 581 5 oat crops, 1911-1913 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, by Provinces 581 25 wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 43 United Kingdom — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. 581 20 cattle hides, exports and imports 615 20 cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 641 12 food production and requirements, percentages 641 20 foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 22 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 16 potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 25 rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 23 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries . . 575 42 wheat imports into, 1914, by countries from which consigned. . . 611 23 Uruguay — cattle hides, exports from, 1910 615 20 cattle, number, 1900, 1908 615 21 corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 Utah- beet sugar industry, 1912-1913 570 13 beet sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 598 10 crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 10 See also under name of specific product, by States. Veal, consumption, 1900, 1909 575 26 Vegetable crops — condition, 1913 588 14 production — 1913, percentage by States 560 13-14 1911-1913, yearly percentage 563 3 Vegetables — crop conditions — September 1, 1913, by States 558 19 August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 September 1, 1914, by States 620 30 1913, on specific dates, notes 560 7 production — 1912-1914, percent^e of full crops 641 3 imports and exports, value, by countries 641 22 yield and production, 1914, by States 629 26 See also Besins; Cabbages; Cauliflower: Onions; Potatoes; Sweet Potatoes; Tomatoes. Velvet beans — crop conditions in Florida, 1914 production, 1914, in Florida, percentage Venezuela — • cattle hides, exports from, 1912 cattle, number, 1909 Vermont. See under name of specific product, by States. Victoria — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production.. corn crops, 1911-12, acreage and production 604 8 611 11 620 5 629 12 641 6 645 10 615 20 615 21 581 21 581 6 66 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Victoria — Continued. oat crops, 1911-12, acreage and production. potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production Virginia — crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 See also under name of specific product, by States. Wages — farm — 1914-15 March 1, 1915, by States in terms of farm products increase in foreign countries increase, variations, tendencies, etc rates by divisions rates for different sections variations, 1893-1913, by States with and without board, 1893-1913, by States harvest, with and without board, 1893-1913, by States Wagon loads, farm products Wales — • barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production crops, 1913, 1914 (with England), acreage and production. live stock (with England), 1911-1914 oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production. potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production Walnuts — crop conditions in California— 1913. 1914. in Florida and California, 1914. June 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1914, by States August 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1914, by States. Farmers' uUetin No. Page. 581 16 581 25 581 23 575 43 615 Walnuts, black — farm prices — October 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States February 15, 1915, by States price averages — October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 War, European — effect in prohibiting cereal exports 66b effect on exports of horses 651 Washington — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 See also under name of specific product, by States. Watermelons, crop condition — 665 8 665 20-21 570 21 584 9 584 7-9 570 20-21 584 8-9 584 18 584 16-17 584 17 672 12 581 20 620 16 620 16 581 16 581 25 575 42 558 14 560 8 563 7 604 8 611 11 620 5 629 12 641 6 641 37 645 39 651 24 665 24 641 38 645 43 65] 27 665 27 665 8 651 3-4 615 11 598 14 604 8 611 11 620 5 604 17 611 33 615 31 620 3,30 INDEX. 67 Weather conditions — cotton, corn, and wheat regions, diagrams * in relation to crops, discussion relation to crops, August, 1913 Webster, F. M., article on "Hessian fly" West Virginia — ■ crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 See also under name of specific product, by States. Western Australia — barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production , corn crop, 1911 oat crops, 1911-12, acreage and production potato crops, 1910-12, acreage and production rye crops, 1911-1913. acreage and production wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production Wheat- acreage— abandoned, 1913-1914 1914, by States of world, 1915, article by Charles M. Daugherty production and condition, 1913-14 production and value, 1912-1914 , reduction in countries at war sown, autumn, 1913, by States yield and production, 1913 yield and production, 1913, by States yield and production, 1914, estimates yield, production, and value — 1911-1913 1899-1914 1913, 1914, by States condition — and forecast. May 1, 1914 ■ and price, April 1, 1915 and price, June 1, 1914, by States and price, April 1, 1915, by States consumption by live stock, factors influencing, outlook consumption, monthly, July, 1913-July, 1914 crop — condition — and outlook, 1914 and prices. May 1, 1914, by States September 1, 1913, by States December 1, 1913, acreage, etc, discussion December 1, 1913, by States April 1, 1914, by States July 1, 1914, by States December 1, 1914 December 1, 1914, by States 1913-14, consumption, movement, stocks, etc estimates and area sown, September 1, 1913, prices, etc... 1913, estimates and forecasts, by States 1914, export supply, demand, etc forecasts from condition in specific months foreign outlook, 1914 movement, cars required 1914, movement, relation of car supply of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production, of the Southern Hemisphere 1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc 1914, surplus, estimates .-i Farmers' Bulletin No. Page. 615 37-41 560 16-17 558 1-2 611 12-16 615 581 21 581 ■ 6 581 16 581 25 581 23 575 43 590 10 672 21 672 7-9 590 10 645 4 672 8 570 34-35 560 3 570 26-27 620 2 570 8 645 22 645 25-27 598 1-3 672 1-2 604 12 672 21 629 5-6 629 5 611 3-5 598 15 558 15 570 19-20 570 34-35 590 14 611 27 645 7-8 645 37 629 4-5 558 7-9 560 9 611 4-5 641 4 598 4-6 604 8-9 611 5-6 615 11-13 611 24 611 23-26 620 16 645 15-17 570 7 629 5 68 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Wheat — Continued. Farmers crop — continued . r world, 1914 f world, 1914, shortage, demand, etc crops — 1912-1914 { acreage and production, 1911-1913 world , 1891-1913 world, acreage and production, 1911-1913, by countries durum — exports, 1907-1912 exports, 1910-1914 movement, 1912-13 receipts at important markets, 1910-1914, yearly receipts at principal markets, 1907-1912, yearly exports— 1901, 1913 March 1 to July 1, 1914, comparisons monthly, July, 1913-July, 1914 to United Kingdom, 1914, during specific periods 1913 (with flour) farm prices — November 1, 1913 December 1, 1913, by States April 1, 1914, by States May 1, 1914 August 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 November 1, 1914, by States December 1, 1914, by States January 1, 1915, by States fed to live stock, relation of failure of corn crop, etc food requirements, per capita and' total, by States foreign crops, estimates for 1913 harvest, duration in Northern and Southern Hemispheres, movement, etc , hdi'vest, world's progress, monthly in interior mills and elevators, March 1, 1912-1914, by States. . movement, monthly on farms, March 1 to July 1, 1910-1913, disposition, accuracy of estimates, etc percentage of crop shipped out of county where grown, March 1, 1913-1914, by States price averages — September 1, 1913 October 1, 1913 December 1, 1913 September 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 December 1, 1914 December, 1899-1914 February 15, 1915 March 15, 1915 April 15, 1915 prices — at market centers May 1, 1914 at market centers, June 1, 1914 at market centers, July 1, 1914 - at market centers, August 1, 1914 at market centers, September 1, 1914 at market centers, October 1, 1914 at market centers, November 1, 1914 at market centers, December 1, 1914 at market centers, January 2, 1915 at market centers, March 1, 1915 tin No . Page, 629 6-7 641 7-9 629 6 641 9 575 41 575 31-32 575 41-43 570 23 615 15 23 615 15 570 23 629 6 665 3 629 5 611 23 570 19 563 2 570 26-27 590 18 598 3 615 2 629 3 641 33 645 2^27 651 20 598 3^ 629 18 558 8-9 645 15-16 604 10 584 12 629 5 584 584 2-3 12 558 8 560 3 570 8 620 2 641 38 645 43 645 23 651 27 665 27 672 27 598 20 604 20 611 38 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 39 645 44 651 28 665 28 INDEX. 69 Wheat — Continued. Farmers' prices— continued. Bulletin No. at market centers, April 1, 1915 672 September 1, 1913, by States 558 October 1, 1913, by States 560 March 1, 1914, by States 584 August 1, 1914, by States 615 September 1, 1914, by States 620 October 1, 1914, by States 629 variations, note 598 production — and consumption, average annual 611 Argentina, Chile, and Australia, 1913-1914 665 forecast, 1913 590 in leading five States, 1914 645 movement to increase 672 outside of Europe, 1912, 1913, 1914 629 per capita, 1911-1913 604 purchasing power of 1 acre, 1899-1913 645 regions, weather conditions and progress of crops, 1914, by weeks 629 regions, weather conditions and progress of crops, diagrams 615 requirements for food, 1914-15 629 seed — preparation for sowing 584 quantity required, 1914-15 629 treatment for prevention of smut, directions 584 seeding, increase in cotton States, 1914 651 seeding, quantity per acre, list of countries 672 shipped into cotton States, quantity and value by States importing 645 sowing to avoid the Hessian fly, time, seed bed, etc 611 spring — acreage — 1914, 1915 672 1914, by States 604 condition and prices, June 1, 1914, by States 604 yield, and production, 1913 560 yield, and production, 1913, by States. 570 vield, production, and value— 1911-1913, 570 1912-1914 645 1913, 1914, by States 645 condition and outlook, 1914 611 crop condition — and forecast, September 1, 1914, by States 620 at harvest, 1914, comparisons 620 July 1, 1914 611 crop estimate and area sown, September 1, 1913 558 estimates and forecasts, 1913, by States 560 farm prices — October 1, 1914 629 December 1, 1913, by States 570 forecasts of production from crop condition in specific months 641 price averages, December 1, 1913 570 prices, October 1, 1914, by States 629 production by varieties, 1914 665 production in leading five States, 1914 645 yield — and production, 1914 i g2Q and production, 1914, estimates 615 June 1, 1914, by States, estimates 598 July 1, 1914, by States, estimates 604 August 1, 1914, by States, estimates 611 September 1, 1914, by States, estimates 615 production, and quality, 1914, by States <)29 15 9 12 23 22 19 3 4 6 10 5 7-8 . 6 11 21 34-35 39-41 5 6 5 6 8 11 13 14-16 8-9 12 12 3 26-27 4 26 6 23 2 27 3 26-27 20 4-5 5 24 3 2 21 21 38 36 20 70 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Wheat— Continued. Farmers stocks — B movement and position, monthly, July, 1913-July, 1914 . . . on farms, crop condition and prices, July 1, 1914, by States. . on farms, March 1, 1914 on farms, March 1, 1915 on farms, March 1, 1914, by States prices and movement, March 1, 1915, by States supplies — and requirements March 1, 1915. on farms and in commercial channels at first of month surplus and deficiencies, 1909-1915, by States value comparisons, 1914, with other years value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 weight per bushel, by States < winter — acreage sown, 1914, by States production in leading five States, 1914 world crop — acreage for 1915, effect of European war, discussion per cent and amount harvested each month shortage world crops, 1912-1914, by countries yield — and production, 1912, 1913 and production, 1914 < June 1, 1914, by States, estimates July 1, 1914, by States, estimates per acre, 1903-1913 per acre, averages, 1903-1913 per acre, 1866-1870, 1909-1913, averages, comparisons production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 White, G. C, article on "Car supply in relation to marketing the wheat crop of 1914" Winter wheat. See Wheat. Wisconsin — beet sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 See also under name of specific product, by States. Wool- farm prices — March 15, 1914, by States April 15, 1914, by States May 15, 1914, by States June 15, 1914, by States November 15, 1914, by States December 15, 1914, by States Febniary 15, 1915, by States March 15, 1915, by States farm receipts from, total and average per farm, 1910 price averages — February 15, 1914 : April 15, 1914 Mav 15, 1914 June 15, 1914 July 15, 1914 August 15, 1914 September 15, 1914 October 15, 1914 November 15, 1914 December 15, 1914 February 15, 1915 April 15, 1915 ;in No Pafje. 629 5 611 28 584 1 665 1 584 12 665 15 629 5-6 665 2-3 629 5 629 18 651 8-9 645 23 563 12 641 29 645 37 645 5 641 7-8 604 10 641 9 641 9 563 2 615 2,24 629 3 598 21 604 21 558 7 570 18 620 15 641 2 611 23-26 615 6 590 19 598 19 604 19 611 35 645 38 651 22 665 23 672 24 570 3 584 21 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 38 645 43 651 27 665 27 672 27 INDEX. 71 Wool — Continued . prices at market centers — May 1, 1914 June 1, 1914 July 1, 1914 August 1, 1914 September 1, 1914 October 1, 1914 November 1, 1914 December 1, 1914 January 1, 1915 March 1, 1915 April 1, 1915 piices, range for different grades, at Boston, 1899-1913 production, 1913, value and comparisons Btock in manufacturers' hands, January 1, 1915 tariff rates before and after December 1, 1913 weight per fleece, 1913, 1914, by States World crops — barley crop, importance, dihtribution, international, etc., dis- cussion • bailey crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries flax crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, by countries oat crop, distribution, production, etc., discussion oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . rye crop, importance, distribution, etc., discussion rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries wheat crop, 1914 wheat crops, 1912-1914, by countries Wyoming — crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 losses from hog cholera, yearly average See also under name of specific product, by States. o Farmers' Bulletin No. Page. 598 20 604 20 611 37 615 35 620 33 629 30 641 39 645 44 651 28 665 28 672 28 575 16 570 17 665 7 575 29 611 35 581 18- -21 581 20-21 581 5-6 581 28- -30 581 28- -30 581 12 -16 581 15 -16 581 23 -25 581 21 -23 581 22 -23 629 1 6-7 641 9 615 10 590 2 U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ::ons from Various Bureaus of the Department September 11. 1913. AGmCULTURAL OUTLOOK. WEATHER CONDITIONS DURING THE PAST MONTH WITH RELATION TO CROPS. The severe heat that had prevailed over the middle western dis- tricts during the latter part of June and nearly the Avhole of July was maintained with but slight breaks throughout August, and durmg the first week of the present month, with even more severity than duruig July. For the month of August as a whole the average temperature was above the normal over the entire country save at a few points along the Atlantic coast and in the lake region, where the averages were normal or slightly less. In the great central valjeys the temperature averaged abnormally high, the excess above the normal in Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma and portions of surrounding States ranging from 6° to 10° per dav. In the central portion of the excessively heated area, afternoon temperatures of 100° or higher were of almost daily occurrcjice during the month, and occasionally they rose to 110°, especially in Kansas and Oklahoma, exceeding in some cases the severe heat wave of the summer of 1901 in the same region. Durmg the night hours the temperatures frequently did not go below 75°, and occa- sionally not below 80°, thus adding greatly to the discomfort of both human and animal life. Over the outlyhig districts temper- ature extremes were not unusual, the month as a whole bemg mod- erately cool over the Atlantic coast districts. Precipitation during August was deficient over nearly the entire country and especially over the corn and cotton growing districts. In the great corn and cotton growing States of the trans-Mississippi region the precipitation was greatly deficient, the amounts over por- tions of Kansas, Oklahoma, and surrounding States, where excessive heat prevailed, being but a few tenths of an inch, and at some points no appreciable precipitation occurring during the entire month. Over the eastern portions of the cotton belt and the southern portion 8841°— Bull. 558—13 1 2 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 558. oi the corn belt to eastward of the Mississippi there was likewise a large donciency in the precipitation. For the first week in September heat and drought conditions con- tinued unabated throughout nearly the entire corn and cotton grow- ing districts, the heat being even more excessive than for any previous week of the summer and the precipitation as a whole probably the least for any smce the beginning of the season over the principal crop-growing districts. As a result of the extreme heat and lack of rainfall over such an important portion of the agricultural districts of the countiy there has been a great reduction in the crop prospects over large regions between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, and a material reduction in many districts to the eastward. The corn-crop prospects as a whole have been greatly reduced; not since the great drought of June and July, 1901, has there been such widespread injury to that crop, and it is probable that the damage from the adverse weather of the present season will finally exceed that of 1901. In the same region grass and other forage crops have been greatly injured, and the feeding of stock has already become necessary, with prospects of an insufficient supply for the coming winter. In the cotton region the weathei- during August and the first week of September has been unfavorable over much of the region to west- ward of the Mississippi, but to the eastward it has been moderately favorable. In the spring-wheat region the weather during the past month has been exceptionally favorable, and the wheat crop was harvested under favorable conditions ; thrasliing has Ukewise proceeded without serious interruptions. As a result of the deficiency in rainfall the water supply, both for domestic use and for stock, has become gi'catly reduced, especially in the Middle and Southern Plains States and portions of Missouri and Iowa, and it has seriously diminished the supply in some of the more eastern portions of the country, especially in the southern drainage of the Ohio River and in central New York and northern Pennsylvania. C. F. Marvin, Chief Weather Bureau. APPLE OUTLOOK. Tne outlook is distinctly for an "off year" crop of apples. This is to some extent an effect of the generally abundant crop of 1912 in the more important commercial districts, which interfered with the formation of fruit buds in orchards where full vigor of growth was not maintained by adequate cultivation, fertilization, and spraying. AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 3 Untimely frosts and in some sections excessive rains at the blos- soming time reduced the set of fruit on important commercial varieties in practically all the important districts, both east and west. East of the one-hundredth meridian the prolonged high temperature and deficient rainfall, which in considerable portions of the territory still continue unbroken, have prevented that development of large-sized fruit which sometimes occurs in a light crop year. In scattered localities and limited districts the conditions are more favorable than throughout the country generally, and where thor- oughly efficient culture and spraying have been practiced the pros- pective yield and quality of certam varieties are promising. This is the case with Greenings and Spys in the Lake Region, York Impe- rial in southeastern Pennsylvania, Pippins in the Blue Ridge section of Virginia, and Jonathan in portions of the Ozark region. Baldwin and Ben Davis, which are the varieties most largely represented in the older orchards of the "barrel" apple territory, are generally reported light in yield. The Rocky Mountain and Pacific apple districts, which constitute the distinctive box apple territory, generally report the crop condi- tion as considerably lower than last year. The largely increased area of orchard now coming into bearing age each year in the Pacific Northwest tends to counterbalance this, however, so that the outturn of fruit in that region is likely to be heavier than the condition figures would indicate. Reports regarding the apple crop in foreign countries indicate greatly reduced yields in Canada and in Great Britain, France, and Germany. The outlook for export demand for merchantable apples is excellent. Present indications are that the entire product of sound and clean fruit of good keeping quality will be needed to meet the consuming demand. Long continuance of high temperatures or of moisture deficiency beyond September 10 would be hkely to cause a material lowering of both quantity and quality of apples in barrel districts. William A. Taylor, Chief Bureau of Plant Industry. POTATO OUTLOOK. The heavy hold-over crop from last season, the low prices, and general demoralization of the potato trade last autumn caused a sHght shrinkage in acreage, especially in the late-potato districts. This, together with the adverse climatic conditions which have prevailed during the early growing season in portions of the territory, 4 FARMEES' BULLETIN 558. will tend to reduce the crop Ijelow the yield of last 3^ear and slightly below the 10-year average. The superlative condition of the crop in certain areas will tend to counteract this condition, but most of the areas that promise bountiful harvests this season gave large yields last season. It must be remembered, however, that in early September the crop is not yet made and a short period of cool, favor- able weather may cause a great improvement in areas where the condition of the crop is backward. On the contrary, a period of adversity may greatly reduce yields in areas giving great promise at this time. The present outlook is for a sufficient supply for the normal needs of the country, but the total harvest will undoubtedly be much less than last season. The crop in Maine promises the largest harvest yet recorded; the conditions in Mchigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota are normal, while the conditions in portions of Colorado are much better than at this time last year. Present indications are that the T^nelds will be light in ^lassachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Ohio, and as a large percentage of the aggregate crop is produced in this territory, the result will be felt in the markets of the East. The areas promising normal or shghtly increased yields will without doubt make up any deficiency that might result from a short crop in the North Atlantic States, so that for the country as a whole the crop promises to be ample. Stated in percentages, the average con- dition of the crop is 10 per cent below the 10-year average, but about 10 per cent above the condition for the same season in 1911, L. C. COEBETT, Assistant Chief Bureau of Plant Industry. HOG CHOLERA. Hog cholera has existed in the United States for 75 3^ears, and it is safe to say that in each of the last 25 years the farmers of this country hare lost millions of hogs from this disease. It is estimated that during the year 1912 approximately $60,000,000 worth of hogs died of hog cholera. The United States Department of Agriculture has been engaged continuously for more than 25 years in endeavoring to discover some method of preventuig or curing hog cholera. As is now quite generally known, these experiments of tlie department finall}' resulted in the discover}^ of a serum that will prevent the disease when properly prepared and administered. The results of these experiments of the Department of Agriculture were brought to the attention of the authorities in all of the States, and as a result approximately 30 different States are engaged in the distribution of antihog-cholera AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 serum to farmers. This work has undoubtedl}^ resulted m a great savmg to the individual farmer, but it has not resulted m the eradi- cation or noticeable dimmution of the disease in the country as a whole. The Department of Agriculture believes that, w^ith this serum to use as a basis, a country- wide campaign looking to the elimination or control of hog cholera should be undertaken. Congress has recognized the importance of such work by an appropriation of $75,000, wdiich became available on July 1 of this year. This ap- propriation authorizes the Dej^artment of Agriculture to demonstrate the best methods of controlling hog cholera and the work thus authorized has already begun, although, owing to the small amount of money available, it is necessarily restricted to a few localities. The United States Department of Agriculture believes that success in any attempt to eradicate hog cholera will depend upon the estab- lishment of efficient organizations by the State and Federal Govern- ments, which will work together. Tliey must, however, have the full cooperation and support of the farmers. With the organizations perfected the idea is that when hog cholera breaks out on one farm it will be the duty of those organizations then and there to restrict the disease to the one farm where it already exists by instituting suitable measures of quarantine and also by the administration of the protective serum to the droves on adjoining farms. As already indicated, the department is now testing out in a few counties this method of combating hog cholera. In the meantime, while the necessary information preliminary to a general campaign against hog cholera is being secured, farmers may do much to protect themselves and help to restrict the disease hj a careful observance of a few simple rules, such as the following: (1) Do not locate hog lots near a public highway, a railroad, or a stream. The germ of hog cholera may be carried along any one of these avenues. (2) Do not allow strangers or neighbors to enter your hog lots and do not go into your neighbor's lots. The germ of hog cholera may be readily carried in a small amount of dirt on the shoes. (3) Do not put new stock, either hogs or cattle, in lots mth the herd akeady on the farm. Newly purchased ho^s should be put in separate inclosures well separated from the herd on the farm, and kept under observation for three wrecks, because practically all stock cars, unloading chutes, and pens are infected with hog cholera and hogs shipped by rail are therefore apt to contract hog ciiolera. (4) Hogs sent to fairs should be quarantined for at least three weeks after they return to the farm. (5) If hog cholera breaks out on a farm, separate the sick from the apparently healthy animals and burn aU carcasses of dead ani- mals on the day of death. Do not leave them unburned, for this will endanger all other farmers in the neighborhood. Dogs, crows, or buzzards may transport particles of flesh from dead hogs and thus carry the disease. g FARMERS BULLETIN 558. (6) If after the observance of all possible precautions hog cholera appears on 5^our farm, notify the State veterinarian, or State Agri- cultural college, and secure serum for the treatment of those not affected. The early application of the serum is essential. The Department of Agriculture does not distribute tliis hog-cholera serum direct to farmers. The department produces only such serum as is required for its own experimental work. Farmers, therefore, should appeal to their own State officials. Marion Dorset, Chief BiocJiemic Dividon, Bureau of Animal Industry. AGRICULTURAL FORECAST. GENERAL REVIEW. By September 1 the crop season is usually sufficiently advanced to enable one to form a reasonably accurate estimate of the final out- turn, whether above or below average. On September 1 of this 5-ear the composite average condition of all crops was 10.1 per cent below the average of the 10 years 1903-1912, and indicates smaller yields per acre than in any one of these 10 years. The month of August was unusually unfavorable, for conditions on August 1 were only 6.1 per cent below the average level. Compared with a year ago prospects are now about 12.2 per cent poorer. Last year crop prospects improved steadily as the season advanced, final outturn being the largest on record; this year, on the other hand, from the beginning of the season to September 1, prospects have tended downward as the season has advanced. The aggregate acreage of all crops does not usually vary much from one year to another. This ye-ar the aggregate is about 1 per cent more than last year (the increase being due to a smaller amount of winterkilling of wheat this year) and about one-half of 1 per cent more than the acreage in crops tv/o years ago. Coincident with the decline in crop prospects during the past month, prices for staple crops made an unusual increase. Usually the average of prices received by producers for crops decreases during August, the average decrease in the past five years being 4.4 per cent; but during the past month the average level increased 8.7 per cent. In August of 1912 the price level decreased about 7 per cent. The price level on September 1 was 0.9 per cent lower than a year ago, 3.8 per cent lower than two years ago, and 0.3 per cent higher than the average September 1 prices of staple crops of the past five years. Prices of meat animals decreased slightly from July 15 to August 15 (0.7 per cent), compared with an increase of 3.6 per cent in like month of last year and an increase of 6.2 per AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 7 cent two years ago. The level, however, is stiU unusually high, the index price of meat animals on August 15 being 9.S per cent higher than on August 15 last year, 22.7 per cent higher than two years ago, and 8 per cent higher than three years ago. Table 1.— General condition of all crops, by States, as reported Sept. 1; comparisons are icilh aggregate average crop prospect on Sept. 1 of recent years (mostly 10 years). States or Territories. llaino Now Uampshire Vermont Massachusetts Khode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida 10- 1913 year aver- age. 95.3 100 88.0 100 9 CO I-, il 0"^ o C3 Z> 2^ Maine Acres. 16 22 46 48 11 01 527 270 1,M)3 197 677 1,980 732 2,836 1,992 4,C60 675 3,994 4,898 10,551 1,641 1,632 2,357 9,947 7,393 341 2,620 7,609 7,424 3, 636 3,365 3,244 3,230 1,931 7,081 5,176 2,500 31 18 420 87 17 9 1 12 34 21 45 P.cl. 05 72 80 76 81 73 07 84 81 80 81 85 84 87 86 87 92 81 81 62 80 94 95 76 41 87 78 37 10 59 65 78 81 85 78 39 71 90 89 70 61 85 88 92 96 86 96 78 P.ct. 10 03 .CO Si si . CO li 02 sfe P.ct. 97 91 93 84 80 80 86 80 83 78 79 84 84 84 88 83 p.ct. 95 92 92 92 88 88 87 ■ 85 86 84 84 80 84 80 80 84 82 82 78 78 81 83 81 81 73 77 80 7? 05 77 82 84 79 79 69 60 76 90 93 89 86 94 97 97 92 88 87 86 Cts. 54 58 57 54 '"ss" 47 47 46 50 46 51 52 ofi 68 64 67 39 38 39 39 37 35 36 44 32 34 40 45 52 52 64 64 57 43 44 51 39 47 49 49 55 38 55 34 40 40 55 Cts. 60 62 59 62 56 61 51 55 50 46 50 55 56 63 70 69 75 40 37 37 41 41 35 33 39 38 35 35 41 52 51 68 05 58 49 41 54 47 56 53 56 83 51 82 45 48 45 55 p.ct. 91 91 91 p.ct. 93 89 92 cts. 79 90 92 Cts. 84 86 86 p.ct. 93 91 87 83 p.ct. 91 93 92 89 P.ct. p.ct. P.ct. p.ct. N. Hampshire. Rhode Island 77 66 81 79 86 84 84 83 80 92 86 85 88 88 88 87 87 89 86 86 73 78 New .Tcrsey . . . Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland 85 87 63 66 87 88 88 92 70 68 61 72 . West Virginia. 80 82 82 88 86 83 87 86 Ohio 72 51 53 78 90 87 83 56 72 70 70 54 66 76 80 80 82 70 50 77 88 92 76 76 85 94 96 96 92 102 70 70 69 79 82 80 78 78 78 71 64 00 40 87 80 83 84 90 84 85 81 84 83 75 79 75 63 85 86 54 50 49 59 55 53 54 "'49' 51 43 50 75 70 65 61 61 65 66 56 57 73 54 56 48 50 73 83 75 78 78 77 89 87 80 55 85 85 84 84 86 85 86 8-1 Michigan 87 81 86 43 73 68 74 00 85 83 86 74 North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska 79 85 74 60 87 82 85 73 Kentucky Tennessee..:.. Alabama Mississippi . . . Louisiana 76 90 85 85 87 90 86 87 89 90 69 40 75 09 04 67 88 58 Oklahoma Arkansas Montana AVyoming Colorado New Mexico . . Arizona Utah 63 70 86 88 90 90 80 84 90 94 96 96 91 92 66 91 93 91 85 95 96 96 92 88 87 85 49 86 56 59 67 47 85 53 50 55 66 -0 74 60 66 82 57 92 57 61 62 66 84 88 , 55 Nevada Washington. . . Oreeon California 95 United States 74.0 79.3 39.3 40.7 73.4 81.1 55.2 59.7 75.4 87.0 88.0 89.2 74.9 SO. 9 1 AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 Table 7. — Hay and forage crops: Forecast based upon returns to Sept. 1, with details, by States. Hay (all tame). Alfalfa, produc- tion.! Kc fir Mil con tiL let.. States and Tcrri- Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted). Quality. Price. com, con- dition. (li- n. S co| S.3 cJ <0 2« o> (- he 22 CO > U (S QJ i-< Oa §2 CO > Tons. 1.00 l.(X) 1.28 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.14 1.30 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.27 1.21 1.31 1.16 1.36 1.30 1.30 1.00 .98 1.05 1.C2 1.50 1.48 .60 1.14 1.20 1.34 .90 .87 1.21 1.36 1.33 1.50 1.16 .80 1.42 1.80 1.90 2.05 2.08 4.00 2.33 2.75 2.80 2.30 2.10 1.50 Tons. 1.12 1.10 1.31 1.25 1.1-6 1.17 1.23 1.34 1.35 1.41 1.29 1.23 1.31 1.47 1.33 1.52 1..38 1.37 1.33 1.31 1.32 1.51 1.57 1.44 1.24 1.28 1.32 1. 43 1.37 1.31 1.46 1.63 1.61 1.79 1.48 1.23 1.44 1.82 2.21 2.34 2.38 .3.22 2.95 2.61 2.93 2.28 2.10 1.83 Tons. 1,194 491 1,280 577 69 432 5,327 471 4,146 94 475 922 875 384 225 321 57 3,848 1,690 2,388 2,464 3,755 2, 492 5,287 1,702 386 552 1,541 1,230 024 1,031 284 270 224 427 308 398 1,152 902 1, 765 393 496 867 054 1,977 1,803 1,642 3,562 Tons. 1,428 626 1,515 596 66 436 5,600 521 4,537 96 575 889 1,028 381 223 316 54 4,020 2,582 3,266 3,185 3,600 2,541 4,952 4,143 510 672 1.552 2,440 1.002 1, 154 261 297 234 542 481 352 1,210 859 1,905 436 384 1,023 (■«1 1,938 1,707 1,738 3,825 96 95 97 94 96 94 92 92 92 90 87 90 88 90 88 90 91 91 84 88 93 92 92 97 79 89 92 91 81 81 89 eo 85 CO 84 75 84 94 99 94 93 91 92 97 92 95 95 95 P.ct. 95 Dolls. 14. 70 Dolls. 13.97 p.ct. P.ct. P. CI. P.ct. p.ct. 82 75 87 78 80 79 75 81 84 81 84 87 88 85 86 84 p.ct. 90 New Hampshire 95 16.30 15.80 96 13.70 13.22 94 20. 10 [19. 86 96 22.50 22.10 94 :is.50 20.07 SO 14.00 14.40 00 ilS.OO 16.80 90 |13.70 14.44 88 ll5.00 13.79 87 12.20 15.60 87 14.00 15.21 86 14.20 !l4.68 88 15.50 1 15. 55 88 17.80 17.00 89 18.00 17.14 87 17.00 16.47 92 89 89 Rhode Island 96 84 91 91 100 84 95 92 100 105 85 89 New York eo 89 88 91 86 86 87 85 87 87 84 New Jersey 85 Pennsylvania 87 82 Virginia 84 West Virginia 83 Nortli Carolina 86 South Carolina 82 Geon^ia 86 Florida Ohio 90 11.10 89 12.40 92 113.30 92 !l2.60 93 llO. 10 92 ! 6. .50 94 i 9.00 89 [13.20 91 5.20 92 5.90 92 7.50 91 |12.70 87 15.90 87 115.70 88 :14.50 88 12. 10 90 12.60 12.18 11.56 11.70 12.33 12.46 7.84 8.62 9.41 5.78 0.26 7.21 7.17 13.28 13. 67 13.41 13.36 11.74 10. 30 6.98 10. 85 9.94 9.10 9.65 10. 62 10. 58 7.95 9.79 7. 63 11.81 9.43 10.24 94 90 91 89 100 98 96 73 110 94 79 60 75 77 78 82 82 80 60 80 97 100 88 91 105 91 102 100 99 97 96 87 88 89 87 88 88 89 87 86 86 84 84 86 88 85 82 85 78 81 86 96 94 89 90 92 91 97 95 94 94 95 ...., 81 7S 70 85 94 91 90 49 79 77 62 27 67 68 SO 81 76 70 62 72 80 90 70 05 96 99 91 97 89 97 88 86 60 81 85 Michigan 84 94 85 Minnesota 87 Iowa 86 53 82 82 North Dalcota 80 South Dakota 85 54 39 85 82 84 77 Kentucky 84 Tennessee 87 Alabama 86 Mississippi 85 Louisiana Texas 87 88 88 94 96 91 90 92 95 96 96 94 95 94 11.00 10.40 12.00 8.40 7.50 8.40 13.00 11.50 8.50 9.00 0.90 10. 20 8.40 13. 30 75 50 75 78 82 SO 74 Oklahoma 76 81 Montana 88 Wyoming 87 74 64 90 78 79 92 80 Utah 92 Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California 85 90 92 United States. 1.31 1.43 63, 460 72,691 91.7 91.7 11.89 11.49 83.3 90.0 57.9 81.8 62.6 81.8 8841°— Bull. 558- i Production compared with a Ml crop. -13 2 18 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 558. Table S. — Fruit crops: Forecast based uj)on returns to Sept. 1, ivith details, by States. Apples. Pears, con- dition. Peaches, production.! Grapes, condition. Cranb coudi erries, States and Territories. Condition. Price. tion. .CO Is sl < t£53 cS at . CO Or —1 ^1 2§ . CO 1 O 2S 1- s P.cf. 4i 42 24 55 72 67 35 55 43 39 40 33 12 36 29 45 P.ct. 64 62 65 02 62 64 58 60 59 63 65 58 54 60 57 56 Cts. 65 95 110 105 92 75 72 73 80 GO 70 60 100 73 115 96 Cts. 79 74 80 85 120 80 65 70 65 50 50 42 48 65 87 68 P.ct. 65 75 69 90 96 93 81 57 60 25 40 29 15 30 36 39 38 50 07 66 70 90 P.ct. S2 S3 81 7S 81 81 70 68 68 61 66 57 57 59 64 62 01 C4 57 43 67 56 P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. 71 67 p.ct. 79 75 70 79 72 87 88 83 65 78 01 76 01 74 53 80 78 78 78 81 83 78 80 82 84 79 82 79 78 71 SO 77 80 80 70 94 81 67 42 41 38 40 24 12 26 30 30 45 32 09 74 54 50 50 61 58 57 51 41 52 50 46 58 61 62 67 42 43 37 54 80 88 85 78 70 76 76 85 86 77 30 03 CG 52 88 97 74 38 46 46 40 55 59 69 51 47 OS GO 61 SO 65 70 59 00 C5 05 70 58 84 135 99 50 5S SO 81 78 93 86 86 0*< 78 78 77 SO 82 81 75 72 80 77 75 81 75 78 78 65 44 35 40 79 72 28 34 85 56 24 55 42 44 53 60 50 42 55 81 90 69 70 78 S3 09 73 79 00 54 48 52 53 55 54 55 60 61 54 84 75 68 66 76 76 75 76 80 70 81 100 80 100 70 65 85 98 105 110 93 75 125 150 82 105 160 100 18-5 92 95 85 90 127 85 60 56 49 & 87 92 110 78 70 106 77 63 44 82 77 79 77 84 77 65 82 80 78 71 68 78 71 76 73 78 73 67 70 58 32 46 37 48 62 71 54 40 48 70 48 50 53 50 60 56 65 62 54 49 80 35 25 65 38 38 51 59 43 40 60 35 40 45 47 56 56 60 59 60 56 85 139 200 89 "'ioo' 80 80 85 50 66 81 74 70 s:? 78 80 73 57 71 83 67 57 75 82 79 83 30 49 81 79 80 71 81 74 05 53 56 72 70 56 02 73 70 76 7S 84 92 92 85 94 90 95 79 77 3 84 86 Utah 86 88 90 89 United States 47.7 54.4 75.2 67.5 59.1 05.3 47.6 53.6 75 &3.3 76.3 77.1 i_ Production compared with a full crop. AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 19 Table 9. — Vegetable crops: Forecast based upon retxirns to Sept. 1, tvitli details, by States. Statos and Territories. Condition. p.3 Pric\ a.2 Sweet potatoes, condition. ft2 Tomatoes, condition. Cabbages, condition. P,C3 Onions, condition. ftOJ Beans (dry), condition. C3 to Maine N. Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts. Rhode Island . Cormecliciit. .. New York New Jersey. .. Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryhnd Virginia West Virginia. Norlh Carolina South Carolina (Jcorgii Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Mi-'higan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma. . .. Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico . . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington... Oregon California P.ct 91 75 83 71 73 69 63 68 73 73 66 84 67 79 76 76 87 59 48 44 73 S3 83 57 47 78 76 53 46 51 66 77 76 75 60 60 74 84 92 7S 49 75 88 96 88 85 93 P.ct. 86 84 83 81 81 79 United States 69.9 Cts. 58 85 83 91 81 87 92 70 81 72 71 76 90 71 140 114 124 96 90 90 63 45 41 89 97 54 72 85 96 90 82 109 99 81 92 93 88 05 110 78 150 163 56 85 53 58 55 65 a.?. 67 83 88 89 92 93 90 7G 84 78 73 76 87 79 116 113 128 88 88 84 71 67 63 83 85 73 80 87 96 81 78 107 109 92 112 112 95 91 117 99 120 130 70 115 65 69 69 79 P.ct. P.ct 75.3 80.2 81.4 86.2 92 P.ct. 82 85 81 82 86 84 76 86 81 80 77 84 83 85 81 83 81 83 70 62 83 91 90 78 40 81 73 53 26 05 68 80 84 74 75 40 70 83 97 85 72 94 93 90 87 90 94 85 P.ct. 89 87 88 86 84 88 86 82 83 77 78 80 82 82 81 85 P.ct. 82 78 85 75 80 6. 2 81. 2 P.ct. 80 70 83 73 78 76 73 83 84 81 P.ct. 88 85 SO 82 81 83 84 85 86 85 84 87 88 88 85 87 P.ct. 83 85 88 85 87 80 72 P.ct. 88 87 87 83 79 84 85 86 83 85 81 82 82 85 85 82 77 80 82 79 77 85 86 84 82 82 75 68 76 £2 92 86 83 82 84.2 20 FARMERS BULLETIN 558. Table 10. — Miscellaneous crops: Forecast based upon returns to Sept. 1, xcith details, by States. Clover seed. Broom Peanuts, Sugar beets, condition. Sorgl mm. Tobacco, State.s and Terri- o 3 Condition. Price. dition. condition. condition. condition. u ■ "•2 > sis .CO ■"6 &§ ^ a, 1-1 CO 1 s 2 S si T-i CO Maine 100 P.ct. P.ct. 95 $10. 80 12. 00 9.00 P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. p.ct. 85 75 75 93 Vermont. 100 93 95 S13. 00 83 Massachusetts 92 Rhode Island Connecticut 100 90 87 85 90 90 100 87 102 115 92 "jo' 77 70 79 66 88 88 90 87 92 86 82 78 86 81 84 86 88 88 87 " 12.33" "ii.'og" 10.00 12.00 11.38 12.67 10.81 7.00 75 72 93 New York 84 SO New Jersey Pennsylvania C9 SS Delaware : Maryland 80 89 70 86 87 85 90 68 04 62 80 12.10 12.00 11.89 11.40 12.71 11.00 82 81 78 90 80 S3 86 87 84 87 88 83 75 63 81 91 90 84 48 81 84 84 82 86 84 85 84 84 83 West Virginia 80 North Carolina. . . 86 85 85 89 82 82 87 88 79 South Carolina 80 Georgia 12. 00 89 Florida 87 Ohio 125 112 110 100 97 95 110 105 110 100 100 105 92 95 200 105 100 120 90 107 110 95 110 105 105 92 88 83 78 83 88 90 89 71 "92" 78 81 74 77 90 79 "'71' 74 78 83 78 85 85 83 82 91 91 87 84 85 86 89 87 91 SO 8.85 8.63 9.17 9.52 9.46 10.02 9.92 10.11 ""7." 56" 11.33 8.67 10.84 10.94 9.67 8.71 9.10 9.85 7.89 9.00 S.87 10.00 12.00 80 81 86 83 81 90 88 90 87 86 ""se" 87 88 88 80 Indiana S3 Illinois 66 80 SO Michigan Vv'isconsin 87 87 86 S4 80 84 Minnesota 80 48 86 79 Missouri 45 82 North Dakota South Dakota 75 59 38 69 71 81 81 84 75 48 72 Nebraska 11.20 9.73 10.94 11.80 eo 37 68 67 70 70 83 77 84 84 83 89 70 58 89 83 85 84 84 87 84 82 89 SO 84 82 Kansas Kentucky 61 67 87 "82" 65 80 Tennessee 69 84 84 85 73 55 74 84 87 85 90 SO 74 81 83 Alabama 87 Mississippi 83 Louisiana :::::::::::: 84 Texas 66 46 68 78 75 87 82 Oklahoma 11.00 9.67 Arkansas SO 100 101 100 97 88 93 96 87 8.62 70 81 Montana 94 95 89 84 92 90 96 97 95 98 88 94 Wyoming 95 Colorado 62' 65 S3 92 80 86 97 77 66 93 85 84 81 88 93 New Mexico 53 95 74 88 Arizona .♦. . Utah 101 96 97 95 97 92 92 11.50 Nevada 9.90 10.00 12.00 7.50 Idaho 96 85 95 80 94 96 89 96 8.20 91 91 91 91 W ashington Oregon California 90 91 91 United States.. 104.2 81.3 80.7 9.37 9.80 48.5 78.7 85.1 84.2 88.1 90.0 69.6 83.8 74.5 81.5 Nat C. Murray, Acting Chief Bureau of Statistics. o WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1913 U.SDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 560 Contributions from Various Bureaus of the Department. October II. 1913. THE AGFdCULTURAL OUTLOOK FOE MEAT PRODUCTION. AGRICULTURAL FORECAST. GENERAL REVIEW. The combined condition (or estimates of yields) of all crops on October 1 was about 13.6 per cent lower than their condition on October 1 last year and about 9.7 per cent lower than the average condition of crops on October 1 of recent years (mostly 10-year averages). As conditions on September 1 were 12.2 per cent lower than on September 1 last year and 10.1 per cent below the average year, it is seen that the month of September, as afFectmg crop pros- pects, was somewhat more favorable than the average September, though less favorable than September, 1912. Very good crop yields are indicated in Florida, Wisconsm, Mmnesota, and Ai'izona, and very poor yields m Illmois, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Kentucky, and Oklahoma. The general level of farm prices of staple crops increased about 2.1 per cen^from September 1 to October 1. This is an unusual increase, for during each September of the past five years the level of prices declined during September, the average decline for the five years bemg 3.8 per cent. The average level of prices of crops on October 1 was 8.1 per cent higher than on October 1 last year, 0.8 per cent higher than two years ago (a year of short crops), and 6.3 per cent higher than the average of the past five years on Octo- ber 1. The average farm price of meat animals on September 15 was about S7.15 per 100 pounds, which compares with $7.20 on August 15, 16.74 on September 15 a year ago, $5.87 two years ago, and $0.92 three years ago. From August 15 to September 15 the price level decreased 0.7 per cent, which compares with an increase of 2.7 per cent during the same period a year ago, unchanged two years ago, and an increase of 3.7 per cent thi'ee year,3 ago. 12646°— BuU. 560-13 1 TARMEKS' BULLETIN NO. 5G0, General conditions of all crops, by States, as reported on Oct. 1 and Sept. 1. 100 represents the aggregate average crop prosjKcts {not normal) of recent years {mostly 10 years). Maine New Hampshire ^'e^mont Massachusetts.. Rhode Island... Connecticut.... New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . Delaware Maryland Virgmia West Virginia. . North Carolina. Soulh Carolina. Georgia Florida Oct. 1, Sept.l, 1913. 1913. 96.7 95.3 87.9 8S. 90. 3 90.1 94.9 100.2 99. 1 97.2 93.9 90.7 90.2 90.7 97.3 90.4 95.3 90. 2 92.0 92.0 90.7 90.4 101.6 102.1 8S.5 S9.5 100.1 lfr2. 1 100.1 100.4 1 99.7 98. 107.3 101. 7 State. Oct. 1, 1913. Sept.l, 1913. Ohio 95.0 93.5 78.1 91.9 107.9 112.9 99.6 67.5 91.3 83.2 74.1 58. S 70. G 83.8 95.5 95.1 97.2 93.5 93.7 78.0 92.4 108. 106. 6 101.9 65.1 95.4 87.1 72.8 58.7 74.9 83.5 92.4 92.9 97.2 Indiana Illinois Mishigan AVisconsin Minnesota Missouri North Dakota.. South Dakota.. Nebraska Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana State. Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Me.xico. . . Ari;;ona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington... Oregon California United States. Oct. 1, 1913. 98.5 64.8 91.9 95.3 92.4 90.2 83.6 11G.4 89.9 104. 4 100.8 101. 4 102. 9 87.7 Sept. 1, 1913. 95.1 63.7 92.3 95.1 91.0 89.9 83.5 114.3 88.5 103.5 100.2 102.7 102.8 84.7 THE CEREAL CROPS. CORN. The information gathered by the bureau indicated that the condi- tion on October 1 was 65.3 per cent of a normal, compared ^\dth 82.2 in 1912 and a 10-year average of 80.6. Tliis is an improvement of 0.9 per cent over the condition last month, and justifies a forecast of 22.2 bushels per acre, whicli compares ^vith a yield of 29.2 in 1912 and an average of 26.5 for the years 1908-1912. This indicates a total production on the estimated area of 106,884,000 acres, which is only 0.2 per cent less than last year's record acreage, of approximately 2,373,000,000 bushels, compared with 3,124,746,000 in 1912 and 2,531,488,000 in 1911, being the lowest since 1903. While generous rains have finally visited the drought-stricken portion of the corn belt, the moisture came too late te materially affect this year's crop. The average price paid to producers on October 1 at local markets and shipping points was 75.3 cents, compared with 75.4 on Septem- ber 1, 70.2 on October 1, 1912, and 67.3, the October 1 average for the five years 1908-1912. The International Institute of Agriculture, on September 19, esti- mated a total production for 1913 of 2,766,000,000 bushels in nine countries, including those named below, being 22.4 per cent less than was produced in the same countries last year: United States, Hungary proper, Italy, Russia in Europe, Bulgaria, and Spain, the names being given in the relative order of importance in production. The crop of Hungary is estimated at 184;758,000 bushels; that of Italy at 98,422,000. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. g. SPRING WHEAT. The estimated yield per bushel based on the information gathered October 1 confirms the September 1 forecast of- 13 bushels, which is much below the heavy jdcld of 17.2 last year, but only slightly under the five-year average of 13.3. Upon the previously estimated area of 18,663,000 acres, which is 3 per cent less than that of 1912, this indicates a production of 242,714,000 bushels, agamst last year's record crop of 330,348,000, and 190,682,000 m 1911. WINTER WHEAT. The winter wheat crop was estimated by the bureau on August 1 to be 511,000,000 bushels, the largest of record; the yield being 10.5, slightly exceeded by the record yield of 16.7 in ICOO, and the acreage 30,938,000, which is 16.4 per cent greater than last year and second only to the acreage of 1903. ALL WHEAT. Combining the fair crop of spring \vheat just harvested with the record winter-wheat crop gives a total production of 753,233,000 bushels, the largest ever grown in the United States, following a large crop of 730,267,000 in 1912, and a moderate crop of 621,338,000 in 1911. The estimated area devoted to the crop was 49,001,000 acres, exceeding the 1912 acreage by 8.3 per cent, and being the largest since 1901. The average yield is 15.2 bushels per acre, being 0.7 bushel below the 1912 yield but 0.7 above the average for the five years 1908-1912. The average price paid producers October 1 was 77.9 cents, com- pared with 77.1 September 1; 83.4 on October 1, 1912; and 90.1 for the October 1 five-year average. The International Institute of Agriculture on September 19 estimated the total production in 19 countries, the principal ones being mentioned below in order of importance of production, at 3,330,000,000 bushels, 4.1 per cent more than was produced in the same countries last year: Russia, United States, Ffance, India, Canada, Italy, Hungary, Spam, Prussia, Roumania, Bulgaria, England and Wales, Algeria, Japan. The Canadian Government's estimate of production, issued Sep- tember 15, gives 192,517,000 bushels of sprmg wheat and 18,481,800 of fall wheat, a total of 210,998,800, compared with 199,236,000 in 1912 and 215,851,000 in 1911. The yield of sprmg wheat is placed at 21.41 bushels per acre. OATS. The yield of oats, according to the information gathered October 1 , is 29.3 bushels per acre, much below last year's record yield of 37.4, but only slightly below the average of 29.7 for the years 1908-1912. 4 FAKMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. This indicates a total production on the previously estimated acreage of 38,341,000 acres, v/hich is 1.1 per cent greater than last year and the largest ever devoted to this crop in the United States, of 1,122,139,000 bushels, compared with 1,418,337,000 last year and 922,298,000 in 1911. This year's crop, while modest compared with the extraordinary crop of last year, is the third largest in our history, the crop of 1910 holding second place. An improvement of 5.4 per cent in prospective yield over that indi- cated by the condition reports of September 1 reflects the favorable weather conditions accompanying the harvesting of the crop and the frequent testimony to yields heavier than anticipated. The average price paid producers October 1 w^as 39.6 cents, com- pared with 39.3 on September 1, 33.6 on October 1, last year, and an average of 40.1 for the same date in the 3^ears 1908-1912. The International Institute of Agriculture estimated on September 19 a total production of 3,426,000,000 bushels in 17 countries, the important ones being named below in order of production, which is 5.9 per cent less than Wiis produced in the same countries last year: Kussia, United States, Prussia, Canada, Hungary, England and Wales, Denmark, Belgium, Italy, Roumania. The Canadian crop was estimated by the Dominion Government on September 15 to be 395,341,000 bushels, against 361,733,000 in 1912; the yield being 40.98 bushels per acre and the area 9,646,400 acres. BARLEY. The indicated yield of barley, from the information collected by the bureau October 1, is 23.9 bushels per acre, which, while much below last year's figure of 29.7, which was the liigh record, is but slightly under the five-year average of 24.5. This average yield, on the previously estimated area of 7,255,000 acres, which is 3.7 per cent less tiian the 1912 acreage, indicates a total production of 173,301,000 bushels, against 223,824,000 in 1912 and 160,240,000 in 1911. This is an improvement of more than five million bushels over the forecast based on September 1 conditions, due partly to favorable weather conditions in the heavy barley region of the Da- kotas, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa and partly to a better out- turn at the threshings than was generally anticipated and reported at tliat time. The average ])rice paid producers on October 1 was 56.8 cents, compared with 55.2 on September 1, 54.8 on October 1, 1912, and an average of 60.3 on the same date for the years 1908-1912. The International Institute of Agriculture on September 19 esti- mated the total production of barley in 17 countries, including the important ones named below in order of importance of production, at 1,225,000,000 bushels, which is 1.2 per cent more than was pro- THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK, 5 duced in the same countries last year: Eiissia, United States, Japan, Prussia, Hungaiy, Spain, Algeria, England and Wales, Canada, Eoumania, Denmark. The Canadian Government's estimate of September 15 gives an average yield af 31.05 bushels and a total production of 44,440,000 bushels, compared with 44,014,000 bushels in 1912. RYE. The yield of rye, previously estimated, is 16.3 bushels per acre, the area 2,134,000 acres, and the total production 34,789,000 bushels, against 35,664,000 bushels in 1912. The average price paid producers October 1 was 64.8 cents, com- pared with 63 cents September 1, 70.1 on October 1, 1912, and an average of 73.9 on that date for the years 1908-1912. The International Institute of Agriculture, on September 19, esti- mated a total production in 14 countries, includmg the important ones named below in order of relative production, of 1,496,000,000 bushels, which is 6.7 per cent less than was produced in the same countries last year: Russia, Prussia, Hungary, France, United States, Spain, Belgium, Denmark. The Canadian report of September 15 gives 2,425,000 bushels on 127,200 acres, against 2,594,000 last 5^ear. BUCKWHEAT. The information gathered by the bureau, October 1, indicates a condition of 65.9 compared wdth 89.2 in 1912, and a 10-year average of 84.2, which justifies the forecast of a yield of 16.5 bushels compared with 22.9 in 1912 and 21 in 1911. This indicates a total production on the planted area of 841,000 acres (which is the same as last year) of approximately 14 million bushels, the smallest crop since 1900, fol- lowing the record croj) of 19 million in 1912 and the large crops of almost 18 milUon in 1911 and 1910. This shows a decrease during September of 6.7 per cent in the pros- pects of total production of this crop, following a similar decrease of 11.8 per cent during August, due in August to drought and in Sep- tember to killing frosts during the second week of the month, in the heavy producing States of New York and Pennsylvania. The price paid producers October 1 was 74.1 cents, compared with 70 on September 1, 69.7 on October 1, 1912, and a five-year average on that date of 72.6. RICE. The information gathered by the bureau on October 1 shows a condition of 80.3, compared with 89.2 in 1912 and a 10-year average of 87.5, which justifies the forecast of a yield of 30.9 bushels per acre, compared with 34.7 m 1912 and 33.7 iu 1911, and a total production 6 ^ TAEMEES BULLETIjST NO. 580. iipon the previously estimated area of 824,100 acres, whicli is the largest yet planted and an increase of 14 per cent over the area m 1912, of approximately 25 million bushels, about equalmg last year's record crop and bemg 2 million larger than in 1911. This promised pro- duction is 2 million bushels, or 7.4 per cent, less than forecasted September 1, the loss during September being due to rain and flood damage in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, particularly in the latter State. The International Institute of Agriculture gives the estimated production for Japan at 16,662,000,000 pounds, an increase of 5.1 per cent over the crop of last year. FLAXSEED. The information gathered by the bureau shov/s a condition October 1 of 74.7 per cent, compared with 83.8 in 1912 and a ten- year average of 78.5, justifying the forecast of a yield of 8.7 bushels per acre, which is below the 9.8 yield of 1912 but above the five-year average of 8.2. This indicates a total production upon the previously estimated area of 2,425,000 acres, which is 14.9 per cent less than the area in 1912, of approximately 21 million bushels, against the large production of 28 milhon in 1912, the low production of 19 million in 1911, and the very low figure of 13 million in 1910. The average price paid producers October 1 was $1.23, compared with SI. 28 on September 1, $1.48 on October 1, 1912, and a five-year average of $1.63. The Canadian crop is reported at 15,168,000 bushels, against 21,681,500 bushels in 1912, The' Russian crop has not yet been estimated, but is generally reputed to be somewhat less than that of last year. The British Indian crop for 1913 is reported by the International Institute of Agriculture as 83.4 per cent of the crop of 1912. OTHER CROPS. COTTON. The condition of the cotton crop September 25, viz, 64.1 per cent of normal, was the lowest condition estimate for that date with one exception (1909) in the past 10 years. It has been reported lower than this amount five times in the past 30 years. From August 25 to September 25 the condition declined from 68.2 per cent of normal to 04.1 per cent of normal, or 4.1 points. This compares with an average decUne from August 25 to September 25 in the past 10 years (1903-1912) of 6.1 points; that is, from 74.7 per cent of normal August 25 (1903-1912) to 68.6 per cent of normal September 25 (1903-1912). Thus the condition, which was 91.3 per cent of the 10-year average condition on August 25; was 93.4 per cent of average condition on September 25. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 1 During August the drought which was so disastrous to conditions previously was completely broken. Rains have covered the entire- cotton belt, but too late in many sections to be of much, if any, benefit to the crop; indeed various comments indicated some damage result- ing from the storms, the rainfall being excessive in some places. Par- ticularly, the grade of the staple has been adversely affected in the eastern part of the belt more than usual. Complaint of damage from anthracnose was made. The condition on September 25 was such as to indicate smaller total production than in 1911 and 1912, but, owing to the large acreage, larger production than in any year preceding these two years, with. the probable exception of the crop years of 1904, 190G, and 1908. Cotton: Acreage, condition, price per pound, and amount ginned. State. Pre- limi- narj' area 1913 (000 omit- ted). Condition Sept. 25. 10- year aver- age. Con- dition Aug. 25. Price per pound Oct. 1. 0-year aver- age. Price per pound Sept. 1. Ginned prior to Sept. 25 census (000 omitted). 1913 1911 Virginia North Carolina. Sou til Carolina. Geoigia Florida Alabama. . . Mississippi . Louisiana . . Texas Arkansas. . Tennessee. . Missouri . . . Oklahoma. California . . Acres. 50 1,.W0 2,716 5,330 230 3,.S04 3,045 1,160 .11,732 2,117 S23 113 2,910 14 P.Ct. 75 70 71 72 78 67 C3 CO 63 63 cs 64 42 100 P.Ct. 70 70 68 65 Co CS C3 C9 75 68 6S 72 69 90 P.Ct. 76 73 72 72 71 69 07 63 66 69 74 76 69 93 P.Ct. 80 78 77 76 81 72 69 67 64 72 SO 72 45 96 Cents. 13.2 13.3 13.3 13.7 13.3 13.3 13.1 13.3 13.2 13.4 13.0 13.1 Cents. 11.1 11.3 11.2 11.1 13.5 11.1 11.4 11.2 11.2 11.4 11.3 11.3 11.1 Cents. 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.2 14.2 11.2 11.5 11.1 11.2 11.4 11.2 11.1 11.0 Cents. 11.8 11.7 11.7 14.0 11.0 12.0 11. S 11.9 11.7 11.8 11.0 11.7 Bales. Bales. Biles. 60 192 491 16 323 120 77 1,727 70 IS 102 174 272 10 74 2,003 41 156 338 760 22 3C0 97 89 1,668 44 10 lib- United States 35,022 69.6 68.6 68.2 13.3 11.2 11.3 11. S 3,238 3,007 3,677 VEGETABLES. Although the breaking of the drought by general rains during Sep- tember helped late vegetables in the Central States, general prospects have not been materially changed during the month. The potato prospect has been reduced slightly, from 325,000,000 bushels indi- cated on September 1 to 319,000,000 indicated on October 1 ; this reduction is due mostly to damage from frost in New York. All sur- plus potato States except Maine and Colorado indicate materially smaller production than last year, the total crop indication being about 25 per cent less than last year. Onions and cabbages abo will be materially less than last year, particularly in the surplus States. Last year prices for these products had a sagging tendency as the season advanced. So far as supply is a factor, much higher prices might be expected this year. This crop season is somewhat com- parable ^vith the crop season of 1911, when production was also short. 'S PARMEES' BULLETIN HO. SSO, Estimated average prices to producers of ike United States on dates indicated. Year. Potatoes, per bushel. Onions, per bushel. Cabbages, per 100 pounds. Oct. 1. Jan. 1. Apr. 1. Sept. 15. Dec. 15. Mar. 15. Sept. 15. Dec. 15. Mar. 15. 1911-12 SO. 88 .51 .74 SO. 85 .51 SI. 17 .50 $1.04 .89 1.04 81.13 .84 $1.67 .77 SI. 94 1.25 1.79 SI. 83 1.15 S2.88 1912-13 1.03 1913 . SUGAR CANE. The condition of this crop on October 1 was estimated at 85.3 per cent of normal, compared with 84.9 on September 1, 78.9 on Octo- ber 1 last year, and 86.3, the average of the past 10 years on October 1. It thus appears that the prospect is moderately below average. This crop is confined almost entirely to Louisiana. The growth of this crop is confined mostly to central Kentucky, in which State the production is estimated at 55 per cent of a full crop, or about 69.1 per cent of an average production of recent years. The yield per acre is estimated at 855 pounds, against 950 pounds last year. SUBTROPICAL FRUITS AND NUTS. The condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California declined slightly during September and promises on the whole below average production. Prospects m Florida, however, are good. Condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California and Florida on Oct. 1, California. Florida. 1913 1912 1911 1913 1912 1911 Apricots ' . ....... 61 53 63 73 75 76 75 83 76 65 80 83 88 74 S6 87 89 87 87 89 75 65 80 90 86 83 87 88 93 94 Prunes ' Olives Grapes: Winei Raisin Table S8 82'" 88 100 95 100 92 75 73 56 78 Lemons Grapefruit Limes 1 Production compared with a full crop. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 9 Corn and luheat crops: Estimates and forecasts based iqyon returns October 1, ivith details, hij States. State. Condi- tion. >^ Production (in millions). Price. Spring wlieat. Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted). AU wlieat. Production (000 omitted). Qual- ity. Price. Maine N. Hampshire Vermont Massacliusetts llhode island Connecilcut.. New York. .. Now Jersey . . Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland . Virginia... West Virginia fj. Carolina. . S. Carolina... Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan AVisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi . . . Louisiana Texas Oklahoma. . . Arlvansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico.. Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. . Oregon California U.S... P.c 62 Go 70 72 S2 75 58 83 78 79 SO 85 81 85 85 87 98 SO SO 61 SO 94 99 7' 44 90 79 10 60 C6 78 81 84 78 38 70 90 90 66 61 79 92 98 90 SO 95 P.c. 83 85 84 80 90 88 80 84 84 86 85 85 82 84 82 86 86 84 So 84 82 84 83 82 80 77 84 78 GO 8G So 86 83 S2 73 67 80 84 Sfi 82 82 88 92 91 91 88 Bu. 0.5 .7 1.5 1 2 13.8 9.7 55.0 5.9 23.4 50 22.0 53.2 34.0 56.8 9.3 147.6 175.1 2S4.3 54.0 63.9 90. 323.0 122.3 9.8 70.6 102.8 23.8 74.5 66.9 48.3 56.5 39.9 155.3 64.2 45.7 .9 .4 7.4 Bu. 0.6 1.1 1.8 2.1 3.0 19.8 10.4 61. C 6.6 24.5 47.5 24.5 51.1 34.3 54.0 8.5 174. 4 199. 4 426.3 55.2 58. 3 78.2 432.0 243. 9 8.8 76.3 182. G 174.2 109.4 88.3 54.2 50.8 .32. 5 153.3 101.9 50.5 .0 .4 8.7 2.1 .5 .3 .4 .8 .6 1.9 65.3 80.6 2,374.1 3, 124. 7 75.3 84 80 99' 93 851 83 82| 67 82 GO 110 r 100 ll.s 63 80 Bu. 24.6 Bu. P.c. 94 103 lai . 961 95. so; 88 1. 72| 71 1 . 71 08. 6,700 1,408 21,862 1,03S 8. 073 10, 0G4 2,95 7,055 972 5,360 1,462 22, 320 1,942 8, 985 8,596 3, 378 5,322 727 1.732 1,228 34,323 9,760 39,534 10,080 41,903 9,819 18.6 16.2 17.0 16.3 13.4 14.7 1,916 67, 959 5,644 1,868 67,038 5,950 10.5 9.0 12.0 8.5 11.8 12.0 12.8 10.8 79, 095 33, 075 3, 576 442 143,820 52, 185 4,202 840 12, 714 3, 665 07, 959 13,460 39, 586 79, 695 33, 075 G1,GS2 86, 957 9,755 8,208 374 126 21.5 25.0 21.0 19.0 24.5 28.0 31.0 28.0 19.0 19.5 25.2 25. 8 25.2 21.4 25.1 2G.9 29.5 24.6 19.6 17.9 7,762 1,200 5,670 494 49 2,156 775 4,984 23,161 4,056 7,708 1,285 6,240 572 56 2,219 725 4,952 26, 459 4,134 11,812 16,380 1,262 21,023 2,000 10, 122 1,219 913 6,066 1,097 14,053 52, 159 15,6 3,822 13.0 13.5 242, 714 330,348 753,233 7,000 3, 564 67,038 12, 850 23,750 143,820 52, 185 55, 052 92, 290 6,860 7,077 318 96 11,025 20, 096 940 19,346 2, 181 10, 968 1,2.32 70' 6,059 1,13-^ 14,566 53,728 21,018 6,290 730,267 100 S9| 84 91 88 90 95 91 96 90 104 86 121 87 121 88| 89 87] 87 901 85 70 95 65 93i 71 95 73 92 91 90. 2j77. 9 100 99 93 100 93 102 102 109 126 95 92 100 85 80 81 92 75 72 74 77 120 129 100 92 83 77 89 91 631 62 76 74 80 94 70 106 66 71 73 88 83.4 1 Forecast based upon condition report Oct. 1. 12646°— Bull. 560—13 2 10 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 5G0. Oats and barley crops: Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, ivilli details by Stales. states. Maine N. Hampshire Vermont.. Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut.. New York . . . New Jersey . . Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland . . . Virginia AV. Virginia. N. Carolina. S. Carolina.. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin... Minnesota... Iowa Missouri N. Dakota.. S. Dakota... Nebraska... Kaiisas Kentucky.. . Tennessee... Alabama Mississippi.. Louisiana... Texas Oklahoma... Arkansas Montana AVyoming.. . Colorado New Mexico, Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Oregon California . . . U. S.. Oats. Yield per acre. Bu. 40.0 34.8 38. 5 35.0 26.0 28. 33.5 29.0 31.0 30.5 28.0 21.5 24.0 19.5 23.5 22.0 18.0 30.2 21.4 23.8 30.0 36. 5 37. H 34.5 21.2 25.7 26. 5 26. 19.5 19.8 21.0 20.5 20.0 22.0 32.5 20.0 26.5 43.5 38.0 35.0 30.0 43.0 46.0 43.0 46.5 47.5 42.3 31.6 Prod-uction (000 omitted). Bu. 37.5 34.2 37.2 33.5 29.0 32.8 31.8 29.5 30.3 23.6 25.9 19.3 22.8 IC. 1 19.0 17.2 14.4 33.5 29.7 31.8 .30.8 32. 9 31.4 30. 8 24.4 2,8.8 29 2.i, 24.0 21.8 20 17 17 1.8.5 29.6 26. 2 2l!3 44.6 35. 6 37.6 31.9 3(;. 43.2 39.9 43.1 47.8 32.8 33 Bv. 5, 440 418 3,042 280 52 308 43,114 1,972 35, 774 122 1,260 4, 020 2,664 4,251 8,225 8,970 810 55,055 37,471 102, 435 45,450 83, 708 112,531 168, 326 26, 246 57, 928 42,294 00, 288 36, 894 3,128 6,069 5, 863 2, 600 748 29, 250 20,000 5,088 22, 359 8, 5SS 10, 570 1,680 258 4,094 430 16,182 13, 775 1.5, 186 0,257 Bu. 4, 002 408 3,311 272 57 338 36, 714 1,849 36,377 122 1,350 3,885 3, 108 3, 794 0,966 7,571 740 03, 280 79, 799 182, 726 51,826 84, 746 122, 932 217,818 37,125 95, 220 52, 390 55,510 55,040 4,035 5,599 5,200 1,966 70 31, 140 23, 494 3, 4.82 22, 848 8,569 12,412 1,8.39 268 4,222 400 17,01 13,689 13, 714 7, 800 :9.3 29.8 1,122,1391,418,337,89.187.139.6 33.6 23.9 Quality Price. CIS. 54 58 58 5G 45 57 47 46 47 46 46 51 52 61 68 65 67 40 39 39 41 39 34 36 43 32 34 38 46 52 5; 67 62 56 48 46 6; 34 43 45 75 55 39 47 41 40 35 55 Barley. Yield per acre. C/s. Bu. 52 28.5 54 28.0 57 32.0 29.0 26.0 68.. 73 .. 33 24.0 30 25.0 30 26.0 24.8 2.5.0 24.0 25.0 22.0 Bu. 29 3 23.4 31.5 26.0 28.6 26.8 27.5 25.9 29.0 25.1 2.8.0 24.8 26. 22.9 20.0 21.7 17.5 16.0 8.1 26.6 25.0 31.0 31.0 32. 5 24.0 39.0 38.5 41.0 42.0 40.0 35.0 26.0 23. 22.7 19.3 24.5 23.3 Production (000 omitted). Bu 114 28 416 2,056 182 116 260 456 200 1,378 2, 108 20, 075 33, 984 11,050 132 22, 340 10, 765 1,760 1,426 80 50 1,333 372 2,470 72 1,.326 962 533 6,930 7,400 4,130 32,578 Bu. 2,132 192 620 266 1,796 2, 262 24,843 42, 018 14, 570 149 35, 162 23,062 2, 486 4,136 78 52 160 1,424 374 2,964 70 1,440 1,125 492 6, 916 7, 869 4,2,84 41,760 25. 5 173, 301 223, 824 86. 4 87. 56. 8 54. 8 Quality P.c 94 91 93 Price. P.c. Cts. 93 81 91 90 93 82 as. 75 93 92 51 55 45 73 74 54 74 60 55 56 69 THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. H Miscellaneous grain crops: Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, u'ith details hy States. Buck- wheat. Flaxseed. Rice. Clover -seed. Alfair I seed Kafir coin. Miliet. State. Condi- tion Oct. 1. Condi- tion Oct. 1. Condi- tion Oct. 1. Condi- tion. Yield per acre. Produc- tion.' Produc- tion.' Produc- tion of hay.' Produc- tion of seed.' Ci t> be 1 CO en m en 1 o CO n CO CD St Me P.ct. 85 84 78 71 P.ct. 89 91 89 86 P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. 100 85 100 68 Bu. Bu. P.ct. p.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. 75 S3 90 S3 82 83 67 66 74 76 81 82 84 86 85 84 P.ct. 88 82 91 88 P.et. P.ct. N. H Vt Mass R.I Coim 77 52 80 G8 bO 80 82 80 85 90 83 83 85 84 88 87 SO 90 SO 81 80 55 70 C5 75 82 84 92 80 88 86 80 83 83 86 81 85 N. Y 78 89 89 03 63 80 100 84 79 82 84 85 77 81 N.J 100 92 86 Pa 77 Del Md 73 Va 3.5 3.5 82 80 83 00 79 W. Va.... 83 N. C 80 80 81 88 83 7S 86 85 84 S.C 80 Ga 75 82 Fla Ohio 74 80 SO 75 84 81 SO 57 83 S3 85 80 82 84 83 83 80 80 C9 82 S3 83 85 C5 8(1 79 75 70 73 72 80 SO 92 90 SI 71 87 97 90 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.5 2.5 3.6 2.5 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.9 5.0 3.2 2.3 4.0 2.6 5.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 5.S 90 82 80 90 87 85 90 79 100 90 100 95 85 80 100 92 50 75 85 75 98 SS 80 85 88 87 95 88 90 80 82 89.4 82 83 84 82 79 82 80 80 99 81 80 73 78 92 105 89 40 85 81 82 100 93 CO 88 90 83 95 90 100 97 90 84.2 75 70 64 ■ 84 % 89 85 47 80 80 62 30 66 65 78 85 84- 65 57 70 95 SO 70 67 90 82 84 84 86 82 84 85 8G 82 78 84 82 78 83 ,So 85 82 "72' 75 78 89 86 81 ' 94' 77 73 65 81 92 82 85 42 75 75 61 50 64 04 77 70 80 58 53 74 100 85 70 60 100 90 79 Ind 79 111.. 68 84 82 Mich 76 Wis 87 7S 89 47 74 70 80 67 85 82 SO 74 70 83 85 71 81 Minn 81 Iowa 82 Mo 53 82 77 N. Dak. . . 74 S.Dak.... 80 Nebr 5S 69 85 78 48 35 81 84 79 Kans 72 Ky 77 Term 7G 87 79 Ala 87 81 80 79 84 82 87 90 78 Miss 82 La 2.5 4.5 3.7 2.4 4.4 3.7 3.8 4.0 5.0 5.5 2.0 5.7 3.2 1.4 4.3 4.2 3.2 0.0 5.6 7.0 Tex 07 52 75 76 81 78 69 Okla 68 78 72 Ark 85 90 76 Mont 80 80 61 Wvo 78 Colo 48 80 68 100 89 78 89 75 N.Mex... Ariz Utah 100 98 93 95 95 95 76.1 97 ■ 5.0 4.3 4.2 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.3 5.S Wash... Oreg Cal 95 87 55.1 91 83.0 01.8 80.9 U.S.. 65.9 84.2 74.7 78.5 80.3 87.5 4.2 4.0 62.1 76. G » Production compared with a full crop. 12 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. Fniil crops: Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, with details hy Slates. Apples, Pears. Grapes. Cranberries Tomatoes. State. Condition Oct. 1. Pr ice. Condition Oct. 1. Condition Oct. 1. Condition Oct. 1. Produc- tion.! 'iB c^ 0) > o5 1 < g a to H 1" 2 > < P.ct. 47 40 24 55 72 70 34 57 43 40 41 34 12 35 30 45 P.ct 75 75 74 76 63 65 73 47 £3 70 70 85 89 74 62 60 P.ct. 66 61 63 64 61 63 59 57 61 61 Co 58 55 57 56 53 Cts. 75 96 105 100 100 60 75 63 78 55 100 65 105 75 115 85 Cts. 55 65 60 80 100 72 50 60 56 55 50 42 41 65 100 80 p.ct. 65 75 80 91 98 95 83 58 57 27 35 29 12 31 34 42 38 49 65 64 68 84 P.ct. 77 81 82 76 78 76 74 08 70 65 67 59 62 59 66 63 62 65 62 47 68 56 P.ct. 70 69 72 86 S3 S3 60 74 55 68 60 68 40 76 77 78 P.ct. 93 89 85 83 79 79 83 84 78 81 78 75 69 78 75 77 P.ct. 73 P.ct. 74 P.ct. 83 76 70 79 81 80 68 86 SO 87 80 84 83 80 81 84 89 77 71 61 82 89 90 70 40 85 75 54 40 04 69 81 80 77 70 41 73 92 102 91 75 93 93 100 87 85 96 84 P.ct. 86 New Hampshire 88 Vermont eo Massaclansett^ Rhode Island 76 85 68 62 61 73 74 SO 79 75 87 89 90 87 85 Pennsylvania Delaware S3 79 Maryland 78 80 West Virginia S3 North Carolina 82 South Carolina 79 G eorgia 83 77 Ohio £9 CO t;o 49 88 100 C9 35 .59 48 48 78 50 20 75 47 45 40 56 60 69 52 46 95 60 60 50 55 60 eo 63 55 64 70 50 65 116 87 48 50 76 78 71 93 93 86 62 78 77 77 78 79 79 79 71 85 80 77 81 Illinois 87 75 82 72 73 85 Wisconsin 86 Minnesota 84 Iowa 70 41 40 46 89 Missouri 79 North Dakota 74 South Dakota 83 49 29 51 42 46 50 60 52 43 58 77 90 75 71 75 82 75 69 79 55 60 63 71 70 80 61 60 68 76 73 73 90 100 70 65 85 91 95 94 89 94 86 72 54 47 49 51 53 50 52 58 60 52 86 80 70 61 70 77 75 80 78 78 SO 93 85 110 65 75 76 100 100 110 100 80 100 100 85 60 56 55 84 91 140 100 78 76 80, 65 68 45 78 72 74 82 81 74 63 78 82 73 68 74 68 71 68 74 71 65 68 :;:::;i::::: 80 Nebraska 57 34 45 32 46 59 70 48 38 48 80 55 53 54 51 58 57 64 61 53 48 81 80 Kansas 73 87 Tennessee 84 Alabama 84 Mississippi 82 Louisiana 73 Texas 70 Oklahoma 63 Arkansas 76 Montana 77 Wyoming 80 Colorado 85 100 190 85 180 85 87 84 100 88 100 204 75 110 SO 65 73 70 58 70 81 75 72 79 78 82 70 65 72 81 72 69 77 82 80 83 72 83 90 90 90 95 88 90 79 76 71 82 89 76 87 88 88 89 77 New Mexico 75 Arizona 88 Utah 89 Nevada 84 Idaho &3 Washington 79 Oregon 84 California 90 United States.. 46.6 67.8 54.1 76.5 62.2 58.1 66.5 73.3 83.3 71.5 74.1 77.0 81.7, 1 Production compared with a full crop THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 VegeiaUe crops: Edimates and nd forecasts based upon returns Oct. 1, xvith details hj States. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connect icu New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware 5?, S2 £4 71 83 85 e.F 81 81 TC 87 85 122 81 84 fi-) S3 85 1?0 89 89 SR 73 81 .';4 C9 79 C4 £9 81 41 35 31 ,=3 67 82 08 46 78 32 43 58 74 47 77 ()9 67 83 05 S3 05 79 84 'H 81 82 KC. 85 86 Ill 68 71 107 50 76 92 71 78 rg CO 1C4 101 43 75 4f. 4-' 38 71 86 93 £1.1 80.1 83.1 14 PAEMEES' BULLETIN KO. 560. Vegetable crops: Estimates and forecasts hased upon returns Oct. 1, tvith details hy States — Continued. Cabbages. Onions. Beans. State. Yield per acre. Production.! Yield per acre. Production.' Production.J 1913 1912 1913 Aver- age. 1913 1912 1913 Aver- age. 1913 Aver- age. Tons. 6.8 6.5 4.8 6.S 6.8 0.7 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.0 3.5 2.7 4.0 2.7 2.8 3.9 Tens. 8.0 7.2 5.7 7.0 8.5 7.5 10.0 6.0 5.5 4.5 4.1 2.5 4.5 3.0 3.0 2.9 P.ct. 80 77 80 84 78 85 60 80 73 82 73 75 79 78 82 78 87 68 63 60 78 84 83 57 34 90 70 45 40 55 €5 80 80 80 77 38 69 91 90 88 80 90 87 94 91 85 91 85 P. cl. 86 85 90 86 84 87 82 81 77 74 74 78 82 78 80 80 78 83 79 80 80 82 82 79 71 72 79 75 71 79 82 82 77 76 67 56 72 90 85 87 79 87 89 89 90 84 89 91 Bush. 328 300 270 310 250 190 207 175 160 160 170 110 175 95 110 90 Bush. 210 239 300 340 300 260 245 240 200 200 180 100 100 100 125 100 P.ct. SO 80 78 71 73 74 83 83 90 84 88 89 87 87 88 P. ct. 86 87 85 81 79 83 84 83 84 85 83 86 87 87 85 84 P.ct. 83 79 75 84 85 78 65 87 78 P.ct. 84 86 i 86 82 81 85 82 82 81 76 77 82 84 85 82 80 80 81 81 78 Georgia 82 Ohio 4.5 3.9 2.9 4.6 9.0 6.8 2.9 1.2 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 4.1 3.6 4.0 1.2 2.5 6.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 6.8 5.7 5.3 5.2 4.2 5.5 5.2 4.1 4.0 5.7 9.2 10.5 5.0 2.5 2.4 7.0 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 2.1 5.5 5.0 6.5 4.0 5.5 7.0 7.0 5.5 6.7 5.8 7.0 180 200 115 200 205 180 115 60 150 140 90 75 100 100 110 90 150 98 65 105 180 190 200 130 140 225 140 170 190 215 215 275 275 100 225 210 210 150 105 150 150 130 130 100 110 100 90 140 120 90 120 175 210 225 145 1.50 260 200 230 230 220 150 75 72 66 84 81 88 06 54 90 80 60 58 81 81 83 85 88 78 62 78 90 90 80 83 87 94 95 90 86 92 86 85 85 86 SO 84 84 82 80 74 83 78 77 87 89 86 85 82 77 74 84 91 85 89 82 89 92 91 94 89 91 91 75 64 57 77 86 90 73 30 90 80 75 50 56 50 70 70 74 67 80 78 80 Michigan 78 84 82 Iowa 84 75 North Dakota 74 South Dakota 82 79 73 Kentucky 82 83 80 Mississippi 79 81 70 60 98 91 85 69 88 74 Montana 89 93 Colorado 87 New Mexico .. 79 88 Utah Idaho 96 89 95 80 88 86 89 California 88 United States 4.9 6.7 71.2 79.5 171 200 77.6 84.2 75.7 80.9 1 Production compared with a full crop. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 Miscellaneous crops — Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, uith details by States. Tobacco. ' Sorghum. ^"^f! LCGIS. Peanuts. ^;-- Hops. Co.-pcas. States and Ter- riiorie.3. Condition Condition Oct. 1. Oct. 1. Condition Oct. 1. Condition Oct. 1. Troduc- tion.i Yield per acre. Cmlifv Condition tn 1 < OS 60 O i> < m o > < o 1 1 1 > < CS 1 > << ri i < Maine P.ci P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. Lbs. r Lbs. P.ct. 1 P.ct. P.ct. i p. a. New Hampshire.. 90 79 84 95 92 91 1 1 Vermont 1 1 Massachusetts 1 [ 1 Rhode Island \ 1 ■ • 1 Connecticut 85 60 94 88 1 1 New York i ■ oSOi 577; SO I 85 New Jersey 88 80 88 81 85 84 80 74 80 89 82 85 86 80 81 Pennsvlvania 70 89 ":::rv.\ 1 i j Delaware i 1 1 Maryland 82 88 75 84 84 91 88 67 72 65 83 83 84 78 80 89 91 84 ra 86 .:.::! .i:: 84 84 87 83 87 90 81 78 05 83 86 84 80 85 80 8fi 85 84 86 79 West Virginia North Carolina. . . 84 82 85 90 81 82 ^6 8> 77 South Carolina. . . 74 80 Georgia Florida Ohio So 87 81 73 69 71 88 83 £■5 S2 Indiana 1 Illincis -ill tend to keep up prices. It must be remembered, too, that this foreign l^eef is not up to the standard of quality of our corn-fed beef. In y\e\v of the present meat situation at home and abroad, it is unhkely that our cattle raisers will have much to fear from foreign beef. James M. Pickens, Bureau af Anmial Industry. NEED FOR LOCAL MARKETS FOR LIVE STOCK. Before the days of the packing house each locality produced its own meat. The packing house, with artificial refrigeration, made it possible to ship dressed meat long distances. Live stock produced on the range and fuiished on cheap corn supplied the packers vdXh cheap meat, vni\\ which they soon captured the markets of the country. The local butchers stopped butchering and began to handle the pack- ers' meats. This destroyed the local markets for live animals, and as a result the production of beef in the older farming sections was prac- tically discontinued and the production of other meat animals was greatly reduced. In recent years the high price of corn and the reduction in the area of the range has v/rought a great change in the live-stock situation. At present the meat supply is decreasing and the consumption is increasing. This situation has forced upon us a problem which can be met in but one way, and that is more live stock must be produced upon farms. Two thmgs are necessary to induce the farmer to produce live stock: First, he must have a ready market for his animals, whether few or many; and, second, he must be able to rcahze a profit on their pro- duction. MARKETS FOR LIVE STOCK. Farmers will not produce to any extent a crop for which there is not a ready market. Except in the vicinity of some of the larger cities, the older farming sections have very poor markets for animals on the hoof. Often there is no market at all for animals in small lots, and tliis is the only kind of market that is worth much to the farmer. If beef is ever produced extensively on the farm.s, it prob- ably will be as a side Hne and not as the main product. In this case cattle in large numbers wiU never be produced by one man, as in the West. Therefore, the central market which suits the rancher and feeder does not suit the farmer. He needs some kind of a local market. Of course when meat production in a community becomes estab- lished, buyers will come in and pick up the small lots, put them THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 21 togetlier and sliip tliem to the central markets. But at present in many farming communities which are producing practically no meat, there are some farmers who would, if they had a market, begin to produce some live stock, because they think they'can do so mthout much additional labor or expense. But where is the beginner in such a community going to find a market? He alone can not find it; he must have the assistance of some of his neighbors. By co- operating, several farmers in a neighborhood can plan to raise the same kind of animals, have them ready for market at the same time, and ship in carload lots. This wdll make it possible for a few farmers in any community to secure a ready market at aU seasons. How- ever, until the spirit of cooperation becomes stronger among our farmers, this plan will not be regarded as furnishing very ready markets. In communities where a large quantity of Uve stock is produced, the farmers can, under fair competition, cooperate and slaughter it themselves for local consumption, if they wish to do so. When the farms become the main source of our meat supply, as seems inevitable, much economy will be gained where each commu- nity produces its own meat supply. Under such circumstances local slaughtering of some sort on a scale sufficiently large to be done economically seems essential to the greatest economy. This would tend to steady the market as well as to increase the economy of pro- duction, slaughtering, and marketing. At present, however, the important consideration is a good market for animals in small num- bers. It is useless to expect the farmers to become interested in live- stock production until there is a ready market. ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF MEAT. At present the most fundamental factor in profitable meat produc- tion is the cost of pasturage and feed. The ranges of the West are falling off in meat production because their areas are decreasing. The farming sections have more surplus feed than the ranges, but they have not the pastures. If this falling off in the range pasturage were replaced by pasturage of better quality on the farms, and if suitable markets for the farms were created, is it reasonable to con- clude that the normal production of live stock would be restored? That will depend very largely upon the cost of the farm pastures. FARM PASTURES. Except on the level prairie lands, almost every farm contains some land that is too rough for cultivation. In the mountainous and semi- mountainous regions the percentage of such land is very liigh. There are also many farms that contain fields which are subject to frequent overflow. These rough lands and overflow lands, while often very 22 TARMEKS' BULLETIN HO. 560. rich, are usually not profitable for cultivation. There are many mil- lions of acres of such lands in the United States, now lying idle or being cultivated at a loss, that could be made into excellent perma- nent pastures. In many cases it will require considerable work to improve these pastures, but once it is done little will be recjuired to keep them up. The small farmer can devote his spare time to this work, and by improving a few acres each year add materially to the permanent value of his place. Few farmers are improving these v/aste lands as pastures. Furthermore, little is known as to the best methods of improving them. There are many difficult problems involved, as, for example, how best to remove or destroy the brush, what is the best treatment of the soil for grass, the best mixtures of grass for certain conditions of soil and climate, the best systems of grazing, the best way to prevent the growth of weeds, etc. These and similar problems must be solved for each locality, and in but few places have they received much attention. A large amount of information is needed but little is available, since but few investigations in this line have been made. As to the possibility of converting a very large per cent of these waste lands into permanent pastures, there is little doubt; but as to the cost of doing it little is known. However, it is reasonable to suppose that if the developing of these pastures were thoroughly understood the cost Avould not be prohibitive, particularly when the permanency of the pasture is considered. The establishment of these pastures seems to be a necessity in order to put the live-stock industry of this country on a sound basis. This is particularly true in the case of the meat-producing animals. Dairy cattle, which have a greater earning capacity, can be kept on much higher priced land and, under some conditions, without pasturage. FEED. A large percentage of the farms containing rough land suitable only for pastures are devoted to general farming and produce large quan- tities of feed. Often much of it is wasted; but with proper care such farms usually can have enough to winter a certain number of animals. It is upon this type of farm that live stock can be kept most econom- ically, because with a good pasture on the waste land and a careful utilization of forage, such a farm can be made to carry some live stock without materially affecting the other activities of the place. THE NEEDS OF THE SITUATION. There are many minor factors that have an important bearing on the live-stock industry; such, for example, as the control and eradi- cation of contagious diseases, the skill of the farmer in handling THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK.; 23 animals, the kind of animals used, the eradication of the cattle tick in the South, etc. But with all these factors properly adjusted, the meat problem can not be solved until improved pasturage and cheap feed make economical production of meat on the farms possible and until the farmers are supphed with good markets for live stock. The making and maintaining of cheap pastm-es is a subject for extensive investigations. The subject of live-stock marketing also requires study; and smce cooperation is the best solution, it is impor- tant to teach the farmer how to cooperate. The efficiency of any methods that may bo developed by investi- gations must stand the practical test with animals. Therefore such tests should begin at once. There are a few farmers in almost every locality who are mlhng to help make such tests vnth various lands of live stock. They are willing to furnish the land and tho animals and do the work if they are given some assistance by a sldlled live- stock man. Such tests will have more educational value in solving the problems of profitable production and efficient marketing than anything else that can be done. The farms of this country have almost unfimited possibiUties for live-stock production. If the farmers can be shown how to produce live stock at a reasonable profit and how to get a ready market for it when it is produced, they \\dll furnish all the meat that is needed. B. H. Rawl, Chief of Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. FUTURE MEAT SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES. The question naturally arises wdiether we have reached the era of permanent scarcity of meat which comes sooner or later to all densely populated countries, or whether, by adopting suitable measures, we can for a period increase supplies to meet the needs of our increasing population. Whether this can be done depends on the underlying causes of the present shortage and the possibility of remedying them. It is clear that the farmer is not making exorbitant profits from live stock and its products. If such were the case he would produce more instead of less of them. Except on the ranges, beef cattle have always been produced at a very small average profit, frequently at a loss. Farmers have produced beef mainly because they have been taught that live stock in some form is necessary to the conservation of soil fertility. We are now begmnmg to learn that this is not nec- essarily true, so that farmers no longer feel compelled to keep unprofit- able animals merely for the manure they produce. This, in part, accounts for the decrease in beef cattle, and this factor will increase rather than decrease in importance as time goes on. 24 PARMEF.S' BULLETIIT KO. 580.- METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION.' An important reason why farmers produce less meat than formerly is to be found in the sj^stem of distribution from producer to con- sumer that has grown up in this country. In most of the countries of Europe public abattoirs have been constructed to which farmers ma}^ consign theu" fat stock, the meat from which is then sold to the consumer without passing through the hands of an mtermmable line of middlemen each of whom takes his toll. In this country the farmer receives only a small fraction of the price paid by the consumer. Enormous packing establishments have monopolized the busmess, and there is little or no competition in buying the farmer's stock. The enormous fortunes that have grown up in this business in recent years show that the farmer has not been gettmg his full share of the profits. Again, the retail meat business as at present conducted in cities renders enormous profits necessary. Numerous small groceries, each v/ith its independent deliver}?^ system, clerks, fixtures, etc., each serve a few patrons scattered over considerable overlapping areas. Better organization of the retail business, whereby it shall be conducted in larger units, with well-systematized methods of delivery, are seri- ously needed. Such organization should greatly lessen the retail price of meats and at the same time permit the farmer to receive bet- ter prices. This would encourage greater production. Private organ- izations for the systematizing of the retailing of meats, without public supervision, will not meet the situation. Such organizations have already grown up in the retail milk business, but instead of cheapening the product to consumers, or increasing the price to producers-, they have converted the saving thus effected into exorbitant profits. Public abattoirs, with public sale of the meats of animals slaughtered at them, have become a crying need in this country. EFFECT OF HOG CHOLERA. The onl}^ meat-producing animal that has been distinctly profit- able to the farmer during the past decade is swine. But these have not increased in numbers, because of the danger from hog cholera. There is every reason to believe that the elimination of this disease would result in an immediate marked increase in the number of these animals. This would soon lower the price to the farmer sufficiently to check the increase, so that there is little chance that the deficiency in meat would be entirely met from this source. Besides, pork products would not serve the purpose of beef in our dietary. There is now a preventive serum for hog cholera, the use of which may result in an important increase in the supply of pork products. THE AGEICULTTJEAL OUTLOOK.; 25 FUTURE SUPPLY OF SHEEP. Sheep are not generally profitable to the farmer. Their numbers are slowly decreasing nearly everywhere except on the ranges, and the latter are so fully stocked that not much increase is to be looked for in that du*ection. There is no probability of any considerable future increase in the number of these anknals. POULTRY. Most of the poultry products of this country are produced on farms under conditions that render the cost of production nominal. Much of the food consists of waste grains, insects, etc., which cost nothing. Most of the labor requhed is done at times that would not otherwise be profitably employed, or by members of the house- hold who would otherwise be earning nothing. The farm price of poultry products is largely fixed by this nominal cost of production. Under such conditions, it is only the exceptional individual who can make poultry profitable as a major enterprise. There is, therefore, no prospect of increase m products of this class in greater ratio than the increase in population. DECREASE IN BEEF CATTLE. While many causes have contributed to the amazmg decrease m the numbers of beef cattle in this country in recent years, the decrease m the number of cattle on the ranges of the West and the recent marked increase in the price of corn without a corresponding increase in the value of beef cattle on the farm are the prmcipal ones. During the last census period corn increased in value at the farm 80 per cent, while steers increased in value only a small fraction of this amount. Steer feeding was not highly profitable even under the old conditions. Under the new conditions the business was conducted at a loss for several years. But cattle have been higher and corn lower in price since 1910, until the drought of this year. Even now, with corn selling at a dollar a bushel in some western beef-feeding sec- tions, the price of cattle at the farm is little higher than before the effects of the drought were noticeable. The ranges were long ago quite fully stocked. In recent years much of the best of the range has been converted to dry farming. The poorer ranges, suitable only for sheep, have not been so much occupied by farmers. Hence cattle have decreased while sheep were slowly increasing on the range. A flurry of high prices for range cattle a few years ago caused many cattlemen to dispose of a large propor- tion of young female stock, thus leading to later decrease in the size of their herds. Since a large proportion of the cattle fattened in the corn belt come from the ranges, there has been in recent years a notable shortage of feeders. 26 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. POSSIBILITIES OF INCREASE IN CATTLE. There are several possibilities of increase in the number of beef cattle. In the first place, young cattle have increased greatly in price with the prevailmg shortage of feeder stock. This tends to make profitable the growing of young stock of the beef breeds on farms that could not afl'ord to do so formerly. Any considerable- increase in the price of beef cattle at the farm would probably result in a few years in a marked increase in the rearing of calves on farms, if not on ranges. It would also tend to stop the slaughter at birth of male calves of the dairy breeds, as well as to decrease the number of calves of both sexes now made into veal. There can not be a great mcrease in cattle on the ranges, for reasons already given. The elimmation of the cattle tick in the South, thus removing the danger from tick fever, will undoubtedly have an important bear- ing on the future supply of beef cattle in this country. The South, with her short, mild wmters and her abundance of good grasses, can grow young cattle cheaper than the North, though she can not fatten them so cheaply as can the corn-belt States. With the tick elimi- nated, the South could thus produce millions of feeders which could be fattened in the North, to the profit of the southern farmer and the advantage of the northern corn grower and the consumer of beef as well. The eradication of the cattle tick thus rises to the dignity of an important national problem. Already more than one-fourth of the infested area has been cleared, and the work is progressing rap- idly under the joint auspices of the Nation and the States concerned. But it has requhed seven years to remove ticks from one-fourth of the area. This work should be pushed more vigorously. FOREIGN SUPPLIES. The importation of beef from Argentina has already begun. What proportions this trade may assume and what effect it may have on domestic supplies and prices can not be fully foreseen. It seems probable that, with meat scarce and dear in Europe, it can hardly become plentiful and cheap in this country as the result of importa- tions which are free to enter the markets of England. If importa- tions should reduce the price of cattle on the farm the domestic supply wall undoubtedly decrease, but this does not appear to be likely. The foreign supply seems hardly sufficient to supply both Europe and America with cheap beef, unless it be of very poor quality. W. J. Spillman, Agriculturist in CJiarge, Office of Farm Management, Bureau of Plant Industry. IHE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 THE INFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGE FARM ON THE MEAT SUPPLY. The question lias been asked, "Wliat is feasible to increase the output of meat on the average farm ?" The output of meat on the average farm can be increased (a) by the prevention of waste, (b) by the use of more economical methods, and (c) by the increase of production. (a) The amount of waste in animal production reaches very large totals. For example, it is estimated that 15 per cent, or $45,000,000, of the annual value of our egg crop is lost on account of improper methods of handling. Of this amount, one-third, or $15,000,000, is due to "blood rings." Blood rings are dead embryos, and an embryo can only develop in a fertile egg. Hens which do not run with male birds do not lay fertile eggs, but they lay just as many eggs as if the males were with them. The presence of male birds, and that alone, causes all the blood rings in the eggs of commerce. Practically all of these eggs are produced on farms, and farmers can, therefore, add $15,000,000 to their income annually and to the national food supply by eliminating the fertile eggs from trade. A much more important waste is the unnecessary loss of young animals. Take pigs, for example. Wlicn a sow farrows from 5 to 10 pigs, the owner does not grieve if three or four of them die. Prob- ably 30 per cent of all pigs farrowed alive die shortly after birth from various causes. If the litter does not number more than 10, the sow can readily raise them all. Why, then, allow four or five pigs to die from lack of attention or suitable quarters? Most little pigs die because they become chilled at or soon after birth. Sows should therefore have dry quarters for farrowing, sheltered from winds, with plenty of bedding. Thi^ does not mean expensive quarters, but dry and protected ones. Such shelters can be built at very little expense. Although the domestic animals of the United States arc doubtless quite as healthy as those of any other country, the waste from dis- ease and parasites is enormous. Attention has frequently been directed to the condemnation of carcasses and parts of carcasses in Federally inspected abattoirs. Large as is this direct loss in our meat supply, it is insignificant when compared with the actual losses on farms. Hog cholera, Texas fever, tuberculosis, infectious abortion, scabies and other parasites cause losses amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars annually, not only directly in the deaths of animals but indirectly in diminished vitality and feeding value of those which do not succumb. The eradication of these diseases and parasites is commanding the extensive use of public funds. Their prevention is a matter of sanitation, largely in the hands of the average farmer. (6) The use of more economical and rational methods of breeding, raising and feeding live stock is imperative for the maintenance of the 28 FAEMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. industry on high-priced lands. Grain can no longer be fed to meat animals with a lavish hand. Hay, fodder, silage and pasture are the cheapest feeds and will carry animals along with a minimum of grain. The use of straw and roots is coming. The farmer v>'ho keeps the frames of his young animals developing on these cheap feeds, with- holding the full-grain ration until the finishing period arrives, will profit by such a practice. The education of the farmer, to appreciate duly the importance of live stock in the maintenance of soil fertility, also deserves attention. The English and Scotch system, to feed for the manure, is sound. If farmers in those countries break even on theu' feeding, without calculating the value of the manure made, they rightly regard the feeding as profitable. Finally, feeding will not be profitable unless laid upon a foundation of rational breeding, which resolves itself into the well-known slogan ''Kill the scrub." The scrub is unprofitable. Consistent line breed- ing, using males of the same breed in succession, will give animals in a few generations of breeding up from native females, which are practically purebred, which are uniform in appearance and in feeding qualities and which are more salable on account of this uniformity. (c) Our meat supply can be maintained or even increased in the following ways : (1) By the revival of bBcf cattle raising in the corn belt and its extension in Eastern States. Up to the time of the rapid increase in the price of farm lands, farms in the corn belt where beef cattle were raised were common. The rise in value of land and the increase in the price of corn caused pastures to be plowed up and the beef cows disposed of. A reaction is now setting in which promises to become important. A similar movement is noticeable in the Eastern and New England States. Success depends on tile utilization of pastures and cheap roughage. (2) By the use of dual-purpose cows. In strictly dairy sections, especially those producing market milk, the dairy cow is the only one to be considered. Her calf is an incident — a necessary evil. The production and marketing of milk is the dairy farmer's business, and he can not afford to let his attention be diverted from the main matter in hand. On thousands of diversified farms, however, especially where cream is sold to "centrahzod creameries," only a few cows are kept, and they are only part of the farmer's business; the milk is but one of several sources of income. In such cases the covv's should produce calves that will make profitable feeders. (3) By raising sheep more extensively in the corn belt and in eastern vStates. The importance of the wool industry causes farmers to overlook the value of sheep for mutton and as weed destroyers. A small flock of sheep of one of the mutton breeds should be kept on every farm to graze tlie roadways, the stubble fields after grain is THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 cut, and the corn fields after the corn is full grown. Both wool and lambs are saleable. One of the best opportunities for sheep feeding will be found in the irrigated West. Proximity to the range and the great value of alfalfa hay for fattening sheep make this business attractive. (4) By increasing hog production on the irrigated farms of the West and by making pork production an adjunct of the creamery wherever conditions permit. The irrigation farmers have a splendid opportunity for the profitable production of pork of the highest quality. Pigs can be raised at a minimum cost on alfalfa, and should then be finished on grain, such as barley and peas. A brood sow can be wntered on alfalfa hay and a few sugar beets daily, mthout grain. At creameries, where no use is made of skim milk or buttermilk, pig feeding should be an important side line. Corn and milk make an economical ration for fattening, and one which produces pork of excellent quality. (5) By increasing the production of beef cattle and hogs in the South. The South is the only section of the United States where cattle can still be raised, fed, and sold at a profit at from 5 to 6 cents per pound. The tick has been almost the only drawback to cattle production in the South, but its passing is simply a question of time and industrious perseverance. The hog is the beef steer's boon companion. lie is increasing in numbers in the South, and southern farms will in time supply the j3ork eaten by southern farmers, and perhaps a good deal for the market as well. The wonderful development of the boys' corn clubs is now being supplemented by the organization of boys' pig clubs. The boys of the South have been shown how to grow corn; they are now being shown how to feed it to hogs. (6) By increasing the poultry output of the farm. Poultry and poultry products have a profound influence on the meat supply, but less attention is probably paid by farmers to the breeding of farm poultry and their care than to an}'- other animals. With easy pos- sibilities for rapid improvement by the use of purebred males, our farm flocks still remain, as a class, decidedly underbred. Almost every section of the country can produce chickens. Every farm could maintain a larger and a better flock. The South offers unusual opportunities for the production of poultry on the farm, on account of the early laying season, and the girls' poultry clubs now being organized as supplements to the canning clubs promise to become an important factor in the increase of the farm poultry industry, not only in the South, but in other sections of the United States as well. George M. Rommel, Cldef of Animal Hushandry Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. o WASHINQTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ontribution from the Bureau of Statistics November, 11. 1913. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CROP PRODUCTION IN UNITED STATES. The figures given in this report are estimates based upon informa- tion from the most reliable sources obtainable and are believed to be as nearly accurate as can be expected without an actual enumeration. A general summarization of crop }aelds per acre in the United States indicates a combined estimated average of about 13.1 per cent smaller than last year and about 6.3 per cent smaller than the esti- mated average yields of the last 10 years. The final outcome of crops appears to be somewhat better than the earlier condition figures indicated. It is estimated that the general level of farm prices of staple crops decreased 3.7 per cent from October 1 to November 1. Almost every year there is a reduction in the price level from October 1 to Novem- ber 1, the average reduction during the period of the preceding five years having been 4.4 per cent. The average level of prices of crops on November 1 was 13.2 per cent higher than on November 1 last year, 1.8 per cent lower than two years ago (a year in which crops were smaller than this year), and 9.5 per cent higher than the average of the last five years on November 1 . The estimated average farm price of meat animals (beef cattle, veal calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, and chickens) on October 15 was about $7.12 per 100 pounds, which compares with $7.15 on September 15, $6.86 a year ago, $5.58 two years ago, and $6.80 three years ago. From September 15 to October 15 the price level decreased 0.5 per cent, which compares with an increase of 1.8 per cent during the same period a year ago, a decrease of 5 per cent two years ago, and a decrease of 1.7 per cent three yesbvs ago. The estimated average of yields this year of all crops combined, duly weighted by States, compared, first, with last 3^ear and, second, with the average yields of recent years, is given on page 2. 17016°— 13 2 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 563. Estimated average of yields of all crops combined, by States. States. Production, 1913, com- pared— States. Production. 1913, com- pared— States. Production, 1913, com- pared — With 1912. With aver- age. With 1912. With aver- age. With 1912. With aver- age. Maine P.ct. 101 77 85 91 103 94 87 95 90 89 87 107 78 102 104 107 104 P.ct. 102 89 98 96 101 96 91 101 98 97 93 107 93 104 106 104 111 Ohio P.ct. 91 93 73 93 101 98 S3 66 70 73 83 55 82 89 99 101 104 P.ct. 97 95 80 94 110 115 102 71 98 82 78 61 83 88 101 99 102 Texas . P.ct. 95 57 95 91 96 91 86 109 91 92 97 96 91 90 P.ct. 103 New Hampshire. . . Indiana 62 Vermont Illinois 95 Massachusetts Michigan 94 Rhode Island Wisconsin Wyoming 92 Connecticut Afinnesota 89 New York Iowa New Mexico 84 New Jersey Missouri 116 Pennsylvania North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Utah 92 Delaware 105 Maryland 102 Virginia Kansas Washington 101 West Virginia Kentucky 105 North Carolina Tennessee 88 South Carolina United States. Georgia Mississippi Louisiana 87 94 Florida The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Statistics (agricultural forecasts) of the United States Department of Agriculture estunates, from the reports of the correspondents and agents of the Bureau, as follows : ' Preliminary estimates for the United States of products of important crops in 1913, with comparisons. Crops. Yield per acre. 1912 10 years. Production (000 omitted). Price Nov. 1. 1913 1 1912 > Com bushels. Buckwheat do. . . Potatoes do. . . Sweet potatoes do. . . Flaxseed do. . . Tobacco pounds. Wheat bushels. Oats do. . . Barley do. . . Rye do... Hay tons. 23 17 89 95 8 790 15 29 24 16 1.31 29 23 113 95 10 786 16 37 30 17 1.47 27 20 96 91 9 824 14 30 26 16 1.43 2,463, 14, 328, 55, 19, 9a3, 753, 1,122, 173, 34, 63, 3,124,746 19, 249 420,647 55,479 28, 073 962, 855 730,267 1,418,337 223,824 35,664 72,691 70.7 75.5 69.6 118.7 77.0 37.9 54.7 63.2 12.26 58.4 65.5 45.5 133.4 33.6 53.8 11.80 > Hay, dollars per ton; other products, cents per bushel. The production of various products, expressed in percentages of a "full crop" in the past three years, is estimated in the table on page 3, from reports of agents and correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics (agricultural forecasts). THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Estimated production of miscellaneous crops, three years, expressed in percentages of full crop. Crop. Fruits. Apples Apricots (California). Blackberries Cantaloupes Cranberries Gjapefruit (Florida) . Grapes Lemons Limes (Florida) Oranges Peaches Pears Pineapples (Florida). Prunes (California)... Raspberries Strawberries Watermelons Vegetables: Beans- Dry Lima Cabbages 1913 1912 1911 45 70 62 61 80 75 75 72 68 78 80 78 70 79 71 80 ia5 57 73 88 82 65 95 91 90 75 75 82 102 84 48 68 44 57 74 71 88 92 75 6.3 88 80 73 77 72 74 89 69 76 81 80 76 88 77 77 83 78 71 91 73 Crop. Vegetables — Continued . Cauliflower (California) Celery (California) Onions Tomatoes Miscellaneous: Alfalfa Alfalfa seed Almonds (California)... Broom corn Clover hay Clover seed Hemp Kafir corn — Grain Forage Millet hay Millet see"d Olives (California) Peanuts Sugar beets Sugar cane Walnuts (California) . . . 1913 1912 90 90 92 96 78 91 " 85 S3 94 89 84 50 81 50 83 81 83 81 75 55 77 .53 1.56 55 89 62 86 62 80 76 64 84 82 S9 101 85 76 77 86 1911 79 71 64 87 81 100 97 The information gathered by the bureaa November 1 justifie.s the preliminary estimate of a yield of 23 bushels per acre on tne planted area of 106,884,000 acres, whicli indicates a total production of 2,463,017,000 bushels, which, while approximately 660,000,000 bushels less than last year's record crop and the lowest since 1903, is but 60,000,000 bushels less than the short crop of 191 1 . The yield per acre is 6.2 bushels less than last year, 0.9 less than 1911, and the lowest since 1901, when it touched 16.7, the record low jdeld. A gratifying development is the increased yields over propects a month ago, reported quite generally for the main com belt outside the seriously drought-stricken districts and reflected in the substan- tial gain of about 90,000,000 bushels over the production indicated October 1. While the present production, compared with that of last year, is only about one-seventh in Kansas, slightly over half in Missouri and Oklahoma, nearly two-thirds in Nebraska, Illinois, and Kentucky, and four-fifths in Iowa, Ohio, and Tennessee, farther north in the Central States and throughout the South Atlantic and Gulf States the pro- duction was as large or larger than last year. The percentage of the heavy crop of 1912 remaining on farms November 1 is estimated at 4.4 per cent (137,972,000 bushels) against 2.6 per cent (64,764,000 bushels) of the light crop of 1911 on farms on November 1 last year, and a 10-year average of 3.8 per cent. The quality is estimated at 82 for the United States, compared with 86 in 1912, 81 in 1911, and a 10-year average of 86; ranging from 47 in Kansas, the State most injured by drought, to 94 in Min-' nesota. 4 FARMEES BULLETIN NO. 563. Farm prices were higher than last year in all important com States, being 71 for the United States, against 75 October 1, 58 November 1, 1912, and a five-year average of 60. In the central corn States, which suiTered from drought, prices range from 60 in Iowa to 79 in Kansas, against 50 or slightly over in 1912. BUCKWHEAT. The information gathered by the bureau indicates a yield per acre of 17 bushels, agamst 23 in 1912 and a 10-year average of 20, which would give upon the planted area of 841,000 acres (same as 1912) a total production of 14,455,000 bushels, against 19,249 in 1912, being the smallest since 1907, a result of dry weather and early frosts in New York and Pennsylvania. The price paid producers November 1 was 75.5, compared with 74.1 October 1, 70 September 1, 65.5 November 1, 1912, and a five-year 'average that date of 70.6. FLAXSEED. The bureau estimates a yield of 7.9 bushels against 9.8 in 1912 and a 10-year average of 9, indicating a total production on the 2,425,000 acres planted of 19^234,000 bushels, against 28,073,000 in 1912. The acreage is estimated at 15 per cent less than last year. The average price paid producers November ' was 1.19 compared with 1.23 October 1, 1.33 November 1, 1912, and a five-year average of 1.64 on that date. TOTAL UNITED STATES PRODUCTION OF CEREALS. The comparative production of edible cereals for several years is ishown below, reduced to pounds for the purpose of securing an aggregate: Co7nparative production of edible cereals in United States, five years, and average in millions of pounds. Cereal. 1913 1912 1911 1910 19091 Average. Corn 137, 929 45,194 35,908 8,318 1,948 1, 125 694 177,980 43,816 45,387 10,744 1,997 1,127 954 141,703 37,280 29,514 7,692 1,855 1,032 842 161,531 38, 107 37, 963 8,344 1,954 1,103 845 142, 923 41,001 32, 228 8,319 1,653 1,097 713 152, 426 Wheat 41,080 Oats 30, 200 8,683 Rye 1,881 Rice 1,097 804 Total 231,110 282,011 219, 978 249,847 227,934 242, 171 1 Census. COTTON. The Department of Agriculture makes no report in November on cotton condition or production. An estimate of this years' produc- tion will be issued on Friday, December 12. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. The following table gives the price per pound paid to producers on November 1 of recent years and the census report of the quantity <;iniied prior to November 1 of the last four years, by States: Cotton acreage, price and quantity ginned as of dates indicated. Virginia North Carolina. Soutli C arolina. Georgia Florida Alabama. . . Mississippi. Louisiana.. Te.xas Arkansas. . Tennessee. , Missouri. . . Oklahoma. California. . United States . Prelimi- nary area, 1913 (000 omitted). Acre.s. 50 1,560 2,716 5,336 230 3,804 3,045 1, 166 11,732 2,117 823 113 2, 916 14 35, 622 Price per pound Nov. 1. 1912 1911 Cts. 13.1 13.5 13.4 13.5 15.3 J3.4 13.5 13.2 12.5 12.9 13.5 11.5 12.5 Cts. 11.0 10.7 11.0 10.8 15.0 10.7 11.3 10.3 10.8 11.2 11.5 9.0 10.6 Cts. 12.3 S.7 9.4 9.2 8.7 9.1 9.0 9.5 8.9 S.9 o-year aver- Cts. 11.6 11.2 11.3 11.3 15.0 11.2 11.6 11.1 11.1 11.4 11.3 10.5 10.8 Price Oct. 1, 1913. Cts. 13.2 13.3 13.3 13.7 13.3 13.3 13.1 13.3 13.2 13.4 13.0 13.1 Ginned i)rior to Nov. 1, riuming bales, counting round as half, 000 omitted; from census. Bales. Bales. 385 861 1,602 47 1,013 568 222 2,950 431 174 568 536 8,836 497 731 1,112 35 810 512 262 3,710 440 118 512 599 Bales. 598 1,023 1,909 56 1,089 584 232 3,212 441 211 584 555 &,971 Bales. 386 729 1,242 39 749 577 155 2,405 325 130 577 585 TOBACCO. Preliminary estimates indicate a total production of 903,875,000 pounds of tobacco, which is 59,010,000 pounds, or 6.1 per cent less than last ^fear's estimate. The States producing cigar tobacco, with the exception of Georgia and Florida, show a falling off in both yield per acre and total production. Serious loss was suffered from an early frost in Ohio, New York, and the northern counties in Penn- sylvania. Of the States which produce che\\nng, smoking, snuff, and export types, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee show an increased yield per acre; all the others show a falling off. The average quantity for the entire crop is 85, compared with 88 last year and a ten-year average of 87. In the important States producing cigar tobacco the quality is inferior to the 1912 crop. Of the States gro"wang chewing, smoking, snuff, and export types, Vir- ginia, South Carolina, and Louisiana show higher quality than last year. North Carolina 'and Tennessee show the same, while all others show lower quality. Dr}" weather prevailed during most of the growing season in the New England States, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, West A'irginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, making the yield per acre below the ten-year average and below last year's in all except Tennessee, where last year's yield was unusually light. In western Kentucky 6 PARMEES BULLETIN NO. 563. and Tennessee late August and September rains caused rapid im- provement in the crop, resulting in a better yield than usual. The Maryland crop suffered from drought during the early summer months, but the dry condition was relieved in time to make a good yield. In Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida con- ditions were favorable for a good yield. "Wisconsin suffered from dry weather in the early part of the growing season, causing the crop to get a late start. Conditions later were favorable, but the crop did not fully recover from early damage. HOPS CONSUMPTION. The total hop movement of the United States for the past 7 years is shown in the following table. The figures on the quantity con- sumed by brewers have been compiled from records of the Treasury Department. Hop consumption and movement in years indicated. Consumed by brewers. Exports. Total of brewers' consump- tion and exports. Imports. Net domestic movement. Year ended June 30— Domestic. Foreign. 1913 . ... . Pounds. 44,237,735 42,436,665 45,068,811 43,293,764 40,813,804 42,988,257 44,294,839 41,620,172 Pounds. 17,591,195 12, 190, 663 13, 104, 774 10,589,254 10, 44b, 884 22,920,480 16,809,534 13,026,904 Pounds. 35,859 35,869 17,974 14,590 26, 197 94, 631 8,714 32, 454 Pounds. 61,864,789 54,663,197 58,191,559 53,897,608 51,286,885 66,003,368 61,113,087 54, 679, 530 Pounds. 8,494,144 2,991,125 8,557,531 3,200,560 7,386,574 8,493,265 6,211,893 10,113,989 Pound*. 53,370,645 VA2 51, 672, 072 1911 49, 634, 028 1910 50, 697, 048 1909 43,900,311 1908 57,510,103 1907 54,901,194 1906. 44,565,541 The production of hops in the United States this year is somewhat larger than last year, but, owing to a shortage in Europe, prices are ruling as high as a year ago. On October 15 the average price paid producers in the United States was about 21 cents a pound. CABBAGES. The marked shortage of the cabbage crop in the surplus sections of the northern States is already reflected in the high prices pre- vailing. Special reports from producing regions of New York, the largest producing State, indicate that the ruling price recently was about $19.40 per ton, whereas a year ago, with an oversupply, the price averaged only about $4.10 per ton. .These special reports indicate that the yield per acre is only about 6 tons as against 13.5 tons last year, on about 15 per cent smaller acreage. In Ohio the yield is about 6.4 tons, against 13.5 tons last year, on a moderately reduced area; the price is about $18 per ton, against about $4.70 a year ago. In Michigan the yield per acre is about 6.7 tons, against 10.9 last year, on about 10 per cent smaller area; price about $13.30, THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 agaiiist $6.20 a year ago. In Wisconsin the }aeld per acre is about 10.1 tons, against 12.8 last year, on a moderately reduced area; price about $13.70, against about $5 a year ago. In Minnesota the yield per acre is about 10. S tons, against 12,2 tons last year, on about the same acreage; the prevailing price is about $15.90 per ton, against $4.40 last year. It thus appears from these special reports that the surplus supph'' is only moderate, and that prices are well maintained. SUBTROPIC*AL FRUITS AND NUTS. ^he prospects for subtropical fruits and nuts improved slightly in California during October; they are, however, much below the aver- age. Prospects in Florida have not changed materially during the month and generally are good. Condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California and Florida on Nov. 1. Crop. California. Florida. 1913 1912 1911 1913 1912 1911 Almonds i 50 76 79 84 80 6.5 81 72 86 88 89 90 92 62 90 80 82 92 93 94 Olives Walnuts 1 Grapes: Haisin > Table 88 80' 90 100 90 95 85 75 Lemons 73 Grapefruit 62 Limes 83 1 Production compared with a full crop. FAEMEKS' BULLETIN NO. 563. THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 Co'ni crop: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, ivith details by States, with com- parisons. States. Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted). Old com on farms. S S Qual- ity. Maine New Hampsliire Vermont , Massacliusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania , Delaware Maryland , Virginia , West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota... Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado , New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon., California , United States . Bu. 608 814 1,702 1,944 402 2, .348 15,020 10,665 56,326 6,206 22, 341 51,480 22, 692 55, .302 38,844 63,023 10, 125 149, 775 176, 328 284, 877 54,974 00,096 94,280 338, 198 129, 378 9,821 00,810 114,135 23,757 74, 538 68, 982 5(i, 121 64,000 42, 482 169, 944 56, 936 47,500 976 522 6,300 1,610 476 306 34 384 952 598 1,485 Bu. 640 1,058 1,800 2,115 456 3,000 19,763 10, 374 61, 582 6,630 24,455 47, 520 24, 505 51, 106 34,278 53,958 8,515 174,410 199, 364 426, 320 55,250 58,262 78,177 432, 021 243, 904 8,758 76,347 182, 616 174, 225 109, 440 88,298 54, 180 56, 840 32,490 153, 300 101,878 50,490 612 368 8,736 2,083 528 270 30 394 030 1,924 Bu. 792 1,035 1,886 2,068 495 2,862 20,405 9,936 63,858 6,630 24, 455 47,520 18, 170 49,680 32, 578 59,072 9,286 150, 540 174,600 334,950 55, 770 58,080 74,140 305,350 192, 400 7,250 50,820 155,925 120, 150 93, («0 91,120 54,000 54, 150 33,300 69, 350 36, 888 49, 712 530 195 5,222 2,322 495 280 30 330 855 570 1,836 2,463,017 3,124,746 2,531,488 P. a. 1.4 1.5 2.4 2.1 4.5 2.2 2.4 5.0 4.0 4.0 2.7 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.0 1.7 0.5 4.5 5.5 5.7 3.5 3.6 3.3 5.5 6.5 1.0 3.5 3.6 5.3 5.0 3.7 1.8 1.4 4.0 2.3 1.6 3.5 3.0 .5 3.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.0 .4 1.8 1.5 1.5 Bu. 11 13 45 21 18 37 367 447 2,554 192 514 1,426 382 1,590 1,108 1,241 56 4,215 4,889 10,383 1,673 1,162 n2, 224 8,855 4,618 72 762 2,495 2,523 3,089 2,734 1, 620 812 666 416 309 1,044 3 2 52 28 5 83 81 77 86 82 87 80 100 93 94 100 101 102 102 102 108 108 113 101 77 114 105 91 57 86 91 100 99 92 99 90 96 106 102 98 106 106 102 105 103 96 Cts. 90 83 84 80 106 103 96 SO 72 71 71 71 63 61 53 61 71 79 86 84 99 85 82 82 75 80 05 70 75 110 100 CIS. 81 83 81 82 107 84 80 57 68 78 81 90 102 93 82 64 64 64 70 60 53 00 75 47 58 68 79 65 76 69 120 64, 764 95.8 70.7 10 farmers' bulletin no. 563. Potatoes: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, with details by States. Potatoes. Sweet potatoes. States. Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted). 1 1 S 4.3 a Price. Yield per acre. 1 Production (000 omitted). 3 L ftg 13 Price. > 3 CO o o I? o 1? > 1 03 . ® 2 >»© o CO s CO 10 Bu. 220 120 127 105 125 92 74 95 88 87 87 94 82 79 80 82 76 67 53 46 96 109 110 48 39 85 78 48 40 49 64 84 82 70 52 60 72 140 140 115 68 75 180 160 170 123 135 115 Bu. 199 123 119 111 124 100 94 100 87 90 86 82 88 76 82 76 88 87 83 83 93 95 94 88 77 96 86 78 68 79 75 78 88 67 64 66 72 149 141 125 86 120 152 153 160 143 118 133 Bu. 26, 840 2,040 3,175 2,730 625 2,208 27, 454 8,930 23,320 957 3,480 9,400 3,936 2,370 800 984 912 12, 462 4,558 6,256 33,600 32,046 26, 730 8,256 3,666 4,080 4, 602 5, 664 2,800 2,450 2,432 1,260 820 1,470 2,704 1,800 1,872 5,040 1,540 9,315 544 75 3,240 1,760 5,440 7,257 7,290 7,360 Bu. 23, 166 2,380 3,640 3,380 565 2, 461 38, 160 9,936 28,885 1,100 4,144 8,265 5,264 2,550 900 936 1,023 20,832 9,918 13,837 36, 750 34,920 33, 075 18,966 7,980 6,656 6,510 9,440 5,740 5,151 3,344 1,215 890 1,460 3,276 1,740 1,750 6,105 1,540 8,075 900 125 3,515 2,136 6,475 11,356 10, 075 10, 140 102 100 108 105 103 99 100 97 106 102 98 101 93 101 103 100 103 93 85 79 102 107 107 84 73 102 99 89 86 81 89 98 100 94 94 Cts. 50 79 67 80 90 82 77 76 80 70 69 68 95 77 126 116 122 88 85 84 55 56 49 82 94 52 62 74 90 94 98 107 104 110 11? cu. 41 61 50 63 77 72 47 58 51 65 53 68 66 68 119 96 126 53 45 57 35 31 26 39 68 25 34 49 . 69 67 67 98 91 75 105 98 96 38 58 50 114 133 40 69 34 35 36 63 Cts. 68 75 68 82 100 96 74 102 85 130 91 96 108 105 122 119 150 79 76 79 52 48 49 63 98 52 62 87 104 113 107 122 117 113 138 124 119 70 142 80 100 170 74 83 65 72 64 85 Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Cts. Cts. New Hampshire. . New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware 138 110 135 141 108 91 100 92 87 110 90 78 70 119 101 116 114 96 95 94 85 85 111 101 98 101 3,174 110 675 1,128 3,564 182 7,400 4,508 7,221 2,310 90 78 560 2,760 120 600 1,000 2,970 230 6,750 5,040 7,290 2,352 118 116 784 103 101 104 103 102 100 101 100 99 100 100 94 94 63 102 44 50 70 95 63 75 76 80 110 100 105 90 97 65 Maryland Virginia 70 72 West Virginia North Carolina. .. South Carolina Georgia 90 70 76 75 Florida 83 Ohio 100 Indiana 89 Illinois 97 80 56 90 96 160 280 180 528 98 83 103 115 105 Missoui'i 100 "so 75 80 95 98 85 80 64 90 92 100 86 85 84 90 87 79 95 85 250 675 1,520 5,985 5,194 4,930 2,960 256 1,530 495 810 1,800 6,200 5,044 4,704 2,700 368 1,584 82 93 93 99 100 92 100 93 101 150 95 94 76 72 70 110 110 94 110 Kentucky Tennessee 80 77 77 Mississippi Louisiana 74 72 120 Oklahoma Arkansas 98 104 95 1 98 100 97 99 104 96 91 9f 103 103 99 99 103 92 56 79 61 110 160 57 75 49 58 i 52 1 68 Wyoming 151 153 154 165 196 Utah Washington California 170 135 1,020 936 99 125 9» United States. 89 96 328,550 420, 647 99 [69.6 45.5 76.3 95.0 91.0 55, 760 55,479 99 78.0 79.9 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. H Buckvjheat and flaxseed: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. J, tvith details by States. Buckwheat. Flaxseed. States. Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted) "S It P & Price. Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted) Price. CO > 03 . o CO n > o 02 > C9 . 6 CO 05 CO > Maine Su. 31 32 25 17 Bu. 30 24 24 19 Bu. 403 32 196 34 Bu. 412 31 240 42 100 90 93 SO Cts. 77 "'87' 100 Cts. 75 75 100 Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Cts. Cts. New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts. . . Rhode Island . . . Connecticut 17 14 22 19 17 17 23 2V 19 18 21 20 20 20 18 18 20 16 51 4,004 264 5,716 68 198 531 738 174 62 6,593 2G4 7,405 64 210 516 888 175 82 90 98 98 98 90 99 100 100 100 80 71 71 "75' 81 78 82 100 62 71 63 75 70 84 69 92 New York New Jersey Pennsylvania... Delaware 1 Maryland [ Virginia 1 West Virginia. . . 1 North Carolina. . South Carolina. . Georgia Florida Ohio 19 19 17 15 17 17 14 11 19 17 18 15 16 16 15 16 352 74 68 960 297 99 98 22 410 95 88 1,088 289 126 133 30 94 91 93 101 103 103 99 99 77 85 92 68 71 61 83 92 65 86 110 62 72 60 80 100 Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa 14.0 9.3 9.4 5.0 7.4 7.2 7.5 6.0 13.1 10.0 10.7 7.0 8.7 9.1 8.9 6.9 126 3,311 329 50 7,563 3,564 15 276 125 4,121 402 72 12,086 5,323 19 300 97 99 101 94 101 99 94 97 118 123 117 102 120 118 110 112 '"izh 142 Missouri North Dakota... 132 South Dakota 133 Nebraska 21 10 17 15 21 10 18 16 101 87 130 153 Kentucky Tennessee 15 16 45 54 102 75 71 Alabama Mississippi Louisiana.. . Te.xas Oklalioma 7.0 9.8 7 9 105 Arkansas Montana 9.0 10.7 3,933 5,520 106 114 Colorado 5.0 7.3 60 96 New Mexico Arizona . Utah Nevada Idaho Washington . . Oregon California United States. 17 20 14,455 19, 249 95.5 75.5 65.5 7.9 9.0 19,234 28,073 101.8 118.7 133.4 12 farmers' bulletin no. 563. Tobacco crop and weights of grain: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, with detail* by States. Tobacco. Grain, weight per bushel. States. Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted.) Quality. W 1913 leat. Oats. Barley. 1913 10-year average 1913 1912 Per cent of average 10-year average 1913 10-year average 1913 3-year average Maine Lbs. Lbs. Pounds. Pounds. Bu. 60.5 Bu. 60 Bu. 34.3 32.0 32.7 32.5 30.0 30.7 32.4 30.0 32.0 30.0 31.0 31.2 31.2 31.9 32.0 31.8 28.5 31.0 28.5 29.0 32.0 33,2 33.0 32.0 28.8 34.6 33.2 32.0 29.7 30.9 30.7 31.5 31.5 33.0 31.0 .30.0 31.7 38.0 38.8 36.2 34.5 36.0 37.5 38.0 37.0 34.5 37.6 33.0 Bu. 33 32 31 31 31 30 32 29 31 29 30 31 31 31 31 31 30 31 30 30 31 31 31 31 30 33 32 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 31 38 38 37 34 36 37 37 37 36 36 34 Bu. 49 48 48 Bu. 49 New Hampshire. 1,650 1,550 1,550 1,696 1,687 1,654 165 155 9,455 i76 170 9,860 102 98 98 47 Vermont Massachusetts... 59.0 57 46 Rhode Island Connecticut 1,550 1,020 1,664 1,205 28,520 4,386 29, 750 5,200 95 85 New York New Jersey 59.5 59.0 59.7 58.5 59.5 59.5 59.0 59.5 .59.5 58.8 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 58 48 47 Pennsylvania.... Delaware 1,200 1,333 46, 680 64,090 91 48 47 Maryland Virginia 740 770 680 670 760 1,000 1,000 750 750 700 668 735 742 632 742 744 808 875 839 765 18,500 151,228 10,200 135,541 33,288 1,800 4,000 61,425 11,925 560 17, 160 112,200 12,008 110,980 24,500 1,162 2,604 79, 304 14, 960 684 97 102 100 106 109 105 99 100 97 96 48 48 45 46 West Virginia. . . North Carolina.. South Carolina. . Georgia Florida Ohio 59.0 58.5 59.0 58.8 58.9 57.0 58.3 59.2 58.0 58.0 59.6 58.1 59.0 59.0 58.5 58.3 '58.6' 57.0 58.5 60.1 60.2 59.4 59.5 61.0 61.6 60.3 59.9 59.0 60.1 58.0 58 58 58 58 57 55 57 58 56 56 58 58 58 58 58 58 57' 58 58 60 59- 59 60 60 60 60 60 59 60 58 47 48 45 48 47 46 46 46 Indiana 46 Illinois 47 Michigan 46 Wisconsin Minne.sota . 1,180 1,228 50, 740 54, 438 96 46 46 Iowa 47 Missouri 650 827 3,315 6,000 86 North Dakota... 45 45 46 44 48 45 45 Nebraska 45 Kansas 43 Kentucky 760 720 700 833 754 519 271,472 59,400 210 343,980 72,600 225 93 94 105 46 450 600 484 640 270 120 150 140 115 100 Texas Oklahoma 47 43 46 47 650 629 520 520 106 Montana 50 51 48 51 48 50 49 49 48 49 47 52 50 50 New Mexico 51 Arizona. 50 Utah 49 Nevada 46 Idaho 49 Washington 47 Oregon 46 California 47 United States. 790 824 903, 875 962,855 97 58.7 57.8 32.1 31.5 46.5 46. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 13 Fruits: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, with details by States. Apples. Pears. Grapes. Cranberries. Sugar beets. States. Production.! QuaUty. Price. Produc- tion.! Produc- tion.' Produc- tion.' Condition. CO 2S OS O CI C 05 • a 2^ H 1 03 2^ 1 Me P.ct. 39 35 20 50 70 70 33 56 39 33 35 30 9 30 27 40 P.ct. 72 85 73 69 58 57 75 47 49 80 70 88 89 78 64 60 P.ct. 64 62 65 58 57 57 57 56 59 61 64 53 53 56 56 52 P.ct. 85 75 72 83 84 85 73 80 76 78 82 70 67 65 60 70 P.ct. 87 91 88 88 84 85 85 76 80 88 88 87 90 80 76 77 Cts. 96 105 100 125 100 79 89 78 80 90 75 73 110 86 125 102 Cts. 60 65 65 75 99 73 50 63 60 68 60 50 50 73 100 95 P.ct. 65 P.ct. 72 P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. 70 90 p.ct. 76 73 p.ct. P.ct. N. n vt 92 97 96 84 57 60 22 32 22 12 25 32 42 35 50 73 64 69 85 70 71 68 67 65 64 63 67 57 51 58 64 61 58 60 60 50 66 64 80 90 82 58 73 55 68 55 60 41 n 78 80 74 76 69 79 83 77 79 77 74 68 77 76 77 76 88 75 100 59 75 73 78 83 73 R I Conn.. N. Y... N.J. . Pa Del Md.. Va W Va N.C . s. c Ga Fla Ohio 24 59 62 42 90 108 68 34 98 87 48 30 50 37 42 48 50 45 45 59 82 93 70 73 72 82 72 79 70 82 47 53 38 44 82 48 44 16 83 44 43 38 55 58 66 50 44 67 72 68 74 87 95 76 56 97 87 67 56 65 64 63 63 70 72 66 65 90 99 85 85 85 88 90 87 87 88 80 86 71 74 85 81 85 73 76 "'so' 80 77 79 84 75 78 75 79 79 70 95 103 82 87 100 91 97 96 94 96 91 100 6.i 65 60 68 70 80 73 90 115 90 100 75 99 100 100 95 124 110 85 120 138 100 115 190 74 165 105 90 80 100 60 6.5 68 43 80 100 92 45 50 77 82 63 92 88 88 69 76 76 74 76 76 75 73 68 84 84 82 91 85 89 87 88 Ind Ill 90 . 78 '" 88 Mich Wis Minn 80 78 70 78 90 88 88 85 46 50 44 Mo N. Dak S. Dak.. 61 60 75 70 83 58 59 68 72 75 75 90 120 70 89 110 100 120 100 100 100 90 69 54 46 46 47 51 49 50 56 57 49 84 90 65 66 75 78 71 79 78 76 78 100 78 57 60 63 75 86 100 105 88 80 75 90 60 38 40 35 45 53 68 48 36 38 75 ""49" 51 52 46 57 57 60 63 58 51 83 76 73 46 80 78 74 75 75 67 60 76 68 71 65 . . . Nebr 80 60. 90 TTs^ns , , . , 84 Ky Tenn Ala La Tex 73 62 84 72 66 63 Okla.. .. Ark Mont 95 95 90 93 Wvo 97 Colo 97 105 196 91 115 85 65 59 75 62 71 82 70 66 68 78 73 72 80 90 95 77 70 83 87 91 N. Mex. . Ariz 90 96 97 98 94 95 87 Utah 97 Nev Idaho .... 82 80 81 72 76 83 80 76 87 91 90 79 86 88 88 87 90 Wash 90 Oreg Gal.. 92 92 U.S. 45 70 52 70 83 86 61 59 64 73 81 70 75 89 91 1 Production estimates expressed in percentages of a full crop. 14 farmers' bulletin no. 563. Miscellaneous crops: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, ivith comparisons by States. Clover seed. Kafir com. Peanuts. Cowpeas. Sorghum. States. Produo- ,tion.i Price. Production of grain. 1 Produc- tion.!. Production of grain. 1 Production of forage. I Yield of sirup. 53 OS -JO) O '-'ilM o 5> s CO s 2 II I on 2S Me P.ct. p.ct. Dolts. Dolls. P.ct. p.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. p.ct. p.ct. P.ct. Galls. Galh. N.H Vt 1 Mass R. I 1 N. Y 85 82 62 58 61 77 67 85 90. 90 81 92 90 90 93 85 9.93 i6.97 65 75 75 78 74 76 81 68 69 11 80 66 60 80 SI 81 88 33 95 85 90 80 ^ 65 88 65 73 75 81 80 84 79 80 80 74 87 80 $4 90 88 89 72 N.J Pa 7.23 9.50 Del Md 82 1 84 83 1 67 Va 9.00 10.00 8.90 11.03 9.00 10.67 84 67 94 95 W. Va 85 80 83 84 86 85 73 69- 70 95 78 75 50 100 94 69 80 82 84 90 86 83 75 86 "'76' 87 101 N.C 83 85 86 91 83 85 84 88 93 88 S. C 92 85 Ga 80 71 ! 106 89 Fla 160 1 150 Ohio 84 80 70 92 m 84 89 66 91 90 84 72 75 78- 81 89 65 73 69 73 S8 82 76 69 96 81 70 64 74 82 80 90 6.47 6.49 7.20 6.90 6.90 S.(X) 6.90 8.30 10.00 8.98 8.98 9.90 X.76 9.70 9.49 9.13 78 90 Ind 89 98 m 75 . 91 Mich Wis 85 95 .80 100 95 t 90 90 1 96 Mo 44 84 63 1 9.1 N. Dak S. Dak 60 35 50 86 Nebr 8.70 8.00 8.00 9.00 9.83 8.62 9.97 10.67 45 22 85 85 50 35 64 60» 70 68 50 65 39 50 120 95 100 60 100 93 75 70 81 78 72 76 84 75 SO 73 "95 80 100 50 44 73 69 74 74 54 72 53 62 90 95 98 80 100 95 81 72 90 85 78 80 80 80 100 70 81 Kans 83 Ky 91 Term 74 84 82 82 78 63 75 90 89 84 _ 82 82 117 81 82 1 92 Ala 90 87 92 Sd La 100 85 56 84 104 Tex 81 40 76 85 300 85 84 Okla 72 88 75 95 88 100 81 Ark 83 Mont Wyo Colo 90 99 75 70 125 100 105 110 95 80 95 90 119 106 N. Mex 80 102 90 100 107 Ariz 118 Utah 90 126 Nev Idaho 101 95 96 90 100 98 101 95 7.00 S3 86 93 95 98 90 93 95 94 90 90 92 98 93 96 99 Wash 5.90 8.90 Cal 83 91 98 95 U. S 80 74 7.00 9.37 53 156 84 82 80 89 ' Production estimates expressed in percentage of a full crop. Leon M. Estabrook, Chief Bureau of Statistics. o U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts). December 27. 1913. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. INTRODUCTION. The figures given in this bulletm are all estimates, but are believed to be the best obtainable. The estimates of production of the differ- ent crops and the prices of same on farms are based on reports from five independent som'ces of information, namely, (1) approximately 30,000 township correspondents, (2) approximately 2,800 county correspondents, (3) 45 State statistical agents, (4) 19 special field agents, and (5) approximately 111,700 aids reporting to the State and special field agents, individual farmers, and special correspondents, or a total of approximately 144,564. Estimates from these sources are received monthly at the Washington office, where they are tabu- lated and the totals by crops and by States are passed upon by a Crop Reporting Board which is composed of four bureau officials, two* special field agents, and an advisor\" member from the Bureau of the Census. The members of tliis board base their estimate of what the total crop production will be upon the data obtained from the source? named, their judgment and experience as to the relative value of eack source, the historj' of the crop during the present season, the weather conditions as reported by the Weather Bureau, and such other information as may be obtained from State and commercial organiza/- tions, daily market reports of quantities received and sold, and prices quoted at principal markets. The fmal estimates of the Crop Reporting Board are also checked, so far as practicable, against the totals reported b}" State assessors and against the statistics of acre- ages, production, and values published by the Bureau of the Census^ Estimates of farm prices are averages of reports from a large number of regular correspondents, who base their reports upon actual sales at local markets and shipping points. The estimated total production and value of farm crops and live stock, when assembled for the whole United States, is so large that 22306°— Bull. 570—13 1 2 farmers' bulletin 570. if allowed to stand aloue without explanation it is apt to be mis- leading. To be of value, the totals showing such enormous produc- tion of wealth must be considered in connection with the amount of capital invested, the cost of production, and the number of adults employed and living on farms. In round numbers, it is estimated that the total farm value of all crops for 1913 is $6,100,000,000. The total farm value of animals sold and slaughtered and of animal products is $3,650,000,000, making an estimated total of the gross value of farm products in 1913 amounting to $9,750,000,000. It is roughly estimated that of the 1913 crop, valued at $6,100,- 000,000, approximately 52 per cent wiU never be sold, but will remain on the farms where it was produced, leaving only 48 per cent which will be sold for cash. This will reduce the estimated cash sales of farm crops to $2,929,000,000. Of the total animal products, valued at $3,650,000,000, it is esti- mated that 20 per cent mil be consumed on the farm and that approximately 80 per cent will represent cash sales, which wUl amount to $2,919,000,000. It would appear, therefore, that the total net cash sales of both crops and animal products for the current season will be approxi- mately $5,847,000,000, which will represent the total cash income of all farms in the United States. The total number of farms as reported by the Bureau of the Cen- sus for 1910 was 6,362,000, which was an increase of 11 per cent over 1900. Assuming the same rate of increase since 1910, the present number of farms will be approximately 6,600,000. The average cash income per farm would, on this basis, be nearly $900. This does not represent net income, for out of this amount the farmer must pay for fertilizers, hire of help, stock feed, maintenance of fann equipment (including farm tools and machinery), and taxes. Statistics of farm values of crops and animal products, as published by the Bureau of the Census for 1910, and the expenses of farm opera- tion, were analyzed in Circular No. 132 of the Bureau of Plant Industry,^ pages 3 to 7, inclusive, as shown by Table 1. Table 1. — -Labor income of farmers in the United States. 268 269 276 277 277 Item. TotaL Number of farms Improved land acres. Total farm investment Investment in farm buildings Investment in implements and machinery 6, 361, 502 478, 451, 750 S40,991,440,Of)0 $6,325,451,528 $1,265,149,783 Amount per farm. 138.1 acres.3 75.2 acres. .«6,443.67. $994.33. S198.S8. > Issued July 19, 1913. - Abstract of the Thirteenth Census. ^ Average total area per farm. THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Table 1. — Labor income of farmers in tite United States — Continued. Receipts. 318 ,S52 352 ;i55 355 356 358 358 370 379 383 388 397 373 Item. Dairy products (excluding milk and cream used at home) Wool Mohair Eggs produced Poultry raised Honey and wax Domestic animals sold Domestic animals slaughtered Total value of all crops $5, 487, 161, 223 Corn $1, 43.S, 553, 919 Oats 414,697,422 Barlev 92,458,571 Hay, etc 824,004,877 Total value of crops used for feeding 2, 769, 714, 789 Feed sold 509, 253,522 Net value of crops fed 2, 260, 461, 267 Net value of crops Total gross farm income Total. S596, 413, 463 65,472,328 901,597 306, 688, 960 202,500,272 5,992,083 1,562,936,694 270, 238, 793 3,226,699,956 6, 237, 850, 146 Amount per farm. S93. 75 10.29 .14 48.21 31.83 .94 245.69 42.48 507. 22 373 373 373 Labor , Fertilizers Feed Maintenance of buildings (at 5 per cent) i Maintenance of implements and machinery (20 per cent) Taxes (0.6 per cent) Total Miscellaneous expenses (15 per cent of other exx>en3es) . . Total expenses 86.51,611,287 $102. 43 114,882,541 18.06 299,839,a57 47.13 31G, 272, 576 49.72 253,029,956 39. ;8 245,948,694 38. 06 1,881,581,911 295. 78 282,237,736 44.37 2,163,822,647 340. 15 Total gross income. Total expenses Net farm mcome Interest on investment (at 5 per cent) Labor income ^ Interest on mortgage (SI ,715 at 6 per cent) Available for purchase of live stock and for family living. $6, 237, 850, 146 2, 163, 822, €47 4,074,027,499 2,049,572,454 2,024,455,045 $980. 55 340.15 640. 40- 322. 18 318. 22 102.90 537. 50 1 4i per cent in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin; 5 per cent in Vir- ginia, West Virginia, IllinoLs, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebra.-^ka, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Ohio, and Indiana; 5^ per cent elsewhere. 2 Includes unpaid family labor and all the farm furnishes toward the family living except milk and cre.am. Does not include income from outside sources, and the amount paid for live stock bought must be deducted from this sum. The foregoing table indicates roughl}^ the .distribution of net cash income from sales of farm products, and shows very clearly that this income is not profit. The estimated total cash sales of farm prod- ucts and the estimated cash income per farm and per capita in 1913 varies widely in different sections of the country, as shown by Table 2. FARMERS BULLETIN 570. Table 2. — Estimated value, of sales of crops and live-stock products, total, per furm and per capita rural population, by divisions. Estimated value, in millions of doUai's of farm sales from . 1913 crop. Esti- mated value of total sales per farm. Esti- mated total sales per Division. Crops. Live- stock prod- ucts. Total. capita rrn^l popula- tion (ex- cluding towns). New England S1S6 570 410 956 615 191 $374 186 701 934 449 275 8560 756 1,111 1,890 1,064 '466 $836 657 950 1,629 516 1,195 $100 97 152 273 South Central . 92 155 2,928 2,919 5,847 892 139 It will be noted that the smallest average cash income per farm and per capita is obtauied in the South central division, which mcludes Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Olda- homa, and Arkansas, where the labor of a relatively laige number of adults and children is required to produce the crop. The largest average cash income per farm and per capita is shown in the North central, west division, including tlie States of Minnesota, Iowa, Mis- souri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska. It is evident from the foregoing analj^sis of farm expenses and the variation of cash income per farm in different sections that the enor- mous aggregates of farm production and values as estimated for the whole United Statss in 1913 do not mean that the average farmer is realizing any material profit over and above what might reasonably be expected from his labor and investment. On the contrary, if cash income per farm and per capita alone is considered it would appear that ill many sections farmers and their families do not make wages comparable with wages received in other occupations reciuirmg an equal degree of experience, intelUgence, and skill. Furthermore, the average farm income as estimated herein is by no means certain, all farm products depending upon many uncertain factors, such as unfa- vorable weather conditions, the depredations of insects, and the ravages of numerous plant and animal diseases, while the only certainty regarding farm prices is that they will be far below the retail prices paid by consumers. The uncertainty of the farmer's cash income, however, is more than offset by the certainty of a livelihood and the sense of permanent security afforded by ownership or a long-term lea,..e of the farm and equipment, and the fact that he is his own employer and does not have to make cash payments at frequent inter- vals for his house rent, water, fuel, and a large part of the food of his family, which are supplied by the farm. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. ^ O However doskable increased production on farms may appear to be from the consumer's standpoint, it does not follow that such increased production would result in any increase in the cash income per farm or per capita of farm population, or that prices paid by con- sumei"s would be any lower. The estimated total farm production in 1913 is less than in 1912, yet the estimated gross and net cash returns to farmers are greater than in 1912. Had the total production in 1913 equaled or exceeded the 1912 production, it seems probable that the cash income per farm would not have been greater and might have been less than in 1912; but it is extremely doubtful whether the cost to the consumer would have been any less, because retail prices are promptly raised on a prospect of underproduction, but are very slow to decline if there is overproduction. The long liiie of distributors and middlemen between tlie farmer and tlie consumer are in a posi- tion to take advantage of the market, and to a certain extent con- trol the market, in both directions, because they are better organized to keep informed of crop and market conditions, and to act promptly, than either farmers or consum.ers, who are not organized, and as individuals are lielpless. The high prices paid by consumers, ranging from 5 to nearly 500 per cent, in some cases, more than the farmer receives, indicate that there is plenty of room for lowering the cost of farm products to consimiers and at the same time largely increas- ing tlic cash income per farm without increasing farm production. This, condition is undoubtedly a marketing problem, which will have to be solved by better organization of farmers and unproved methods of marketing. Wlien as the result of such organization and improved methods the price of farm products can be maintained at a higher level mthout increasing the cost to consumers, farmers will be justi- fied in increasing tlie output of their farms with a fair prospect of realizing a reasonable profit on their investment of time, labor, and money, which in tlie aggregate is enormous. Leox M. Estabrook, Cliief, Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts). ESTIMATED FARM PRODUCTION OF 1913. TOTAL VALUE BREAKS THE RECORD. In monetary value of products the farms of the United States have broken the annual record, although the volume of production, as indicated in the Secretary's report, was m.aterially below the average. The total value for 1913 is $9,750,000,000, nearly one-half a billion dollars above the value for 1912, which was itself a record year. This amount is composed of estimates for the items that make the census total of farm products. It is far from being equiv- alent to the total sales of farm products, but its items are the values 6 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 570. of farm crops, of farm aiiimak sold and slaughtered, and of farm- animal products. A sum of such elements is to be accepted as an index number, useful for comparison with numbers similarly made for other years. If the value of the products of the farm for the census year 1909 is regarded as represented by 100, the correspond- ing value for 1913 is represented by 115; or, if 100 represents the value of farm products for the census year 1899, the index number for 1913 is 207, indicating more than tmce the value of the former year, 14 years earlier. The crops of 1913 have an estimated value at the farm of $6,100,- 000,000, and this amount has never before been equaled. In 1909 the value of crops was about 5f biUions, and in 1899 it was 3 billions of doUars, or less than half of the crop value of 1913. The estimated value of farm animals sold and slaughtered and of farm-animal products for 1913 is $3,650,000,000, or $100,000,000 above the amount of the record year 1910. It compares with 3 billion doUars for 1909 and with more than If bilUon dollars in 1899. Within the last few years the value of farm animals sold and slaughtered and of farm-animal products for one year has tended to increase in a somewhat greater degree than that of farm crojjs. PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF CROPS. A summary of the acreage, production, and value of the crops of 1913, 1912, and 1911 may be found in Table 3. The value of the corn crop of 1913 is far above that of any other crop. It is estimated at $1,692,000,000, and has not been equaled by the corn crop of any pre- vious year. This amount is 28 per cent of the estimated value of all crops, and is over 12 per cent above the average value of the five pre- ceding corn crops. The estimated corn production of 1913 was only 2,447,000,000 bushels, on account of a prolonged drought throughout the corn belt. This quantity has been exceeded a dozen times and is 11 per cent under the average of the preceding five years. The loss of production was more than counterbalanced by the increase in price. On December 1 the farm price for corn per bushel was 69.1 cents, a figure that has not been equaled, by 5.5 cents, since the department's record began in 1866. Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana are the leading corn States in 1913 in the order mentioned. The estimated area of this crop in 1913 was 105,820,000 acres, a decline of over 1 per cent below 1912. COTTON. The cotton crop now seems to be established in value as next in order after corn. The lint of this crop in 1913, at the price of Decem- ber 1, had an estimated value of $798,000,000, and this was not THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 equaled in any former year. It is 14 J per cent above the average of the preceding five years. The estimated number of bales of 500 pounds gross weight in this crop is 13;677,000; consequently this crop has been exceeded in quantity by the crops of 1911 and 1912. If the estimated value of the cotton seed is added to that of hnt, the total farm value of this crop amounts to $945,000,000, an increase of 16 per cent oyer the average of the previous five years. Texas usually produces from one-fourth to one-third the cotton crop of the United States. The cotton crop of the United States in 1913 covered 36,011,000 acres, it is estimated, an increase of 5 per cent over 1912. HAY. Tlurd in order of value is the hay crop, worth at the farm at the price of December 1, $797,000,000, according to the estimate, an amount nearly 9 per cent alcove the average of the preceding five years, and exceeded in value by the crop only of 1912. In estimated quantity this crop amounted to a Uttle over 64,000,000 tons in 1913, an amount shghtly under the average of the previous five years, and exceeded by the crops of four years. In the order named, New York, Iowa, and Pennsylvania are the leading hay States in 1913. The crop of this year was cut from 48,954,000 acres, according to the estimate. The largest crop of wheat ever raised in tlus country was that of 1913, being over 763,000,000 bushels, valued at $610,000,000. Of course these are estimates. Two former wheat crops have been more valuable. Compared with the average of the five preceding years this crop is 4 per cent greater, and 14 J per cent more valuable. The high production of this year is due to the extraordinary size of the winter wheat crop, which consideral)l3^ exceeded the liighest previous production, and amounted to nearly 524,000,000 bushels. In the production of wheat in 1913 the leading States are Kansas, North Dakota, and Minnesota in the order named. The estimated wheat area, this year, was 50,184,000 acres, an increase of nearly 10 per cent over 1912. OATS. The estimated crop of oats in 1913 was exceeded in quantity by that of two preceding years and amounted to 1,122,000,000 bushels, har- vested from 38,399,000 acres. This was 5 per cent greater than the average of the preceding five years. The value of the crop was 6 per cent greater than the average of those years, and amounted to $440,000,000, which was exceeded only by the value of the crop of 1912. The principal States in production of oats in 1913 in the order named are Iowa, Minnesota, and Illinois. FARMEKS' BULLETIN 570. Table 3. — Crop areas, yields, emu values, 1913. Acreage. Production.! Farm v alue, Dec. 1. Crops. Per acre. Total. Per bushel. Total. Corn: 1913 ACTCS. 105,820,000 107,083,000 105,825,000 31,699,000 26,571,000 29,162,000 18, 48-5, 000 19,243,000 20,381,000 50, 184, 000 45,814,000 49,54:3,000 38,399,000 37,917,000 37,763,000 7,499,000 7,530,000 7, 627, 000 2,557,000 2.117,000 2,127,000 805,000 841,000 833, 000 2,291,000 2,851,000 2, 757, 000 827,100 722, 800 696, 300 3,068,000 3,711,000 3,619,000 625,000 .583,000 605,000 48,954.000 49,530,000 48, 240, 000 1,216,000 1,226,000 1,013,000 36,011,000 34.283,000 36, 045, 000 577, 000 555,000 474,000 299,433,000 294,764,000 297,167,000 Bushels. ■23.1 29.2 23.9 16.5 15.1 14.8 13.0 17.2 9.4 15.2 15.9 12.5 29.2 37.4 24.4 23.8 29.7 21.0 16.2 16.8 15.6 17.2 22.9 21.1 7.8 9.8 7.0 31.1 34.7 32.9 90.4 113.4 80.9 94.5 95.2 90.1 2 1.31 2 1.47 2 1.14 <784.3 4 785.5 * 893. 7 U81.9 4 190. 9 < 207. 7 2 10. 11 29.41 2 10. 68 Bushels. 2,446,988 000 3, 124, 746, 000 2, 531, 488, 000 523,561,000 399, 919, 000 430, 656, 000 2.39,819,000 330,348,000 190, 682, 000 763,380,000 730,267,000 621,:338,000 1,121,768,000 1,418,337,000 922,298,000 178,189,000 223,824,000 160, 240, 000 41,381,000 35,664,000 33,119,000 13,833,000 19,249,0 905,109,000 6 13,077,000 6 13, 703, 000 6 15,693,000 2 5.834,000 25,224,000 2 5, 062, 000 Cenls. . 69.1 48.7 61.8 82.9 80.9 88.0 73.4 70.1 86.0 79.9 76.0 87.4 39.2 31.9 45.0 53. 7 50. 5 86.9 63.4 06.3 83.2 75. 5 66. 1 72.6 $1.20 81.15 SI. 82 85.8 93.5 79.7 08.7 50.5 79.9 72.6 72.6 75.5 3 $12. 43 ■=$11.79 3 $14. 29 •■ 12. 8 MO. 8 '■9.4 ■'■ 12. 2 Ml. 9 5 8.8 3 $5. 90 3 $5. 82 3 $5. 50 Dollars. 1,692,092,000 1912 1,520,454,000 1911 1,565,258,000 V/iuter wheat: 1913 433,995,000 1912 . 32:<,572,00O 1911 379,151,000 Spring wheat: 1913 176,127,000 1912 . 231,708,000 1911 163, 912, 000 All wheat: 1913 610,122,000 1912 •5.55,280,000 1911 ... 543,063,000 Oats: 1913 439,596,000 1912 452, 469, 000 1911 414,663,000 1913 95,7.31,000 1912 112,957,000 1911 . . 139, 182, 000 26,220,000 1912 23,036,000 1911 27, 557, 000 1913 . 10,445,000 1912.. . 12,720,000 1911 12, 735, 000 Flaxseed: 191,3 21,399,000 1912 32,202,000 1911 35, 272, 000 Rice: 1913 22,090,000 1912 23,423,000 1911 . . 18,274,000 1913 '. 227,903,000 1912 212.550,000 1911 233, 778, COO 1913 42,884,000 1912 . 40,264.000 1911 41,202,000 Hay: 1913 797,077,000 1912 856,695,000 1911 784, 926, 000 1913 122,481,000 104.063,000 1911 85,210,000 1913 797,8^11,000 1912 781,806.000 1911 660, 506, 000 1913 34,420.000 30.406,000 1911 27,843,000 1913 4,940,301,000 1912 4, 758. 925, 000 1911 4,589,529,000 1 Bushe's of weight. < 2ToR,s(2,000lbs.). e Potuids. Per pouiiil. Bales of 500 sounds, gr( )ss weight, cxc! adiug lui ters. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Potatoes stand fiftli among tlic crops in order of estimated value, the amount for 1913 being $228,000,000, an amount tiiat was ex- ceeded in only one year, and was 13^ per cent above the average of the precedmg five years. From 3,668,000 acres, estimated, the estimated production was 332,000,000 bushels, which was below the five-year average and was exceeded by the crops of four other years. On ac- count of the low production, the price December 1, 68.7 cents, was exceptionally high and has been exceeded in but few years as far back as 1866. The leading States in the production of potatoes this year in the order named are Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. TOBACCO. Tobacco follows next below tlie potato crop in order of value im 1913, The average farm price of this crop, 12.8 cents per pound, is the highest since 1864. The tobacco crop of 1913 is the most valu- able one ever raised in this country and exceeds in value by over 36 per cent, the average of the preceding five years. The quantity of the production, however, is slightl}' under that average and has been exceeded by three former crops. The final estimate of tlie production of tobacco in 1913 is 953,734,- 000 pounds, compared with 962,855,000 pounds in 1912, a reduction of 9,121,000 pounds, or less than 1 per cent. The average price per pound on December 1 was 12.8 cents, against 10.8 cents December 1 last year, an advance of 2 cents. The December 1 value is estimated to be $122,481,000, compared with $104,063,000 in 1912, an advance of $18,418,000, or 17.7 per cent. Cigar tobacco. — The leading States m the production of this crop in 1913 are Kentucky, North Carolina, and Virginia in the order named. The total production of cigar tobacco is estimated at 183,35O,00G pounds, or 17.0 per cent less than last year, with a total value of $24,075,000, or less than m 1912. In Georgia and Florida the yield per acre is better than last year, and quahty is the best for several years. In aU the other districts the yield per acre is less than last year and quality not up to the usual standard of a good crop, except in the Miami VaUey of Ohio, where the cured product, while of smaller growth than usual, has otherwise fine quality. The New England crop shows a smaller percentage of wrapper than usual. Quality m Pennsylvania is inferior to that of 1912. In Wisconsin, while quality is better than it was last year^ the crop is not fuie. Yield per acre is less and price higher than in 1912. Cheming, smohing, snuff] and ex/port tobacco. — The estimated total production of chewing, smoking, snuff, and export tobacco is 763,124,000 pounds, compared with 733,070,000 pounds last year, aE 22306°— Bull. 570—13 2 10 PAEMEES^ BULLETIN 570. increase of 30,054,000 pounds, or 4.1 j^er cent. The total value is $97,466,000, while last year's was $75,926,000, showing an increase of $21,540,000, or 28.4 per cent. The largest increase is in the bright districts of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, where a larger crop has brought a higher price. The Burley district has a smaller production with poorer quality than last year, but shows an advance in price. The sun-cured district of Virginia had a fiLne crop when harvested, and curing was about jSnished in good condition when a week or 10 days of hot, damp weather in October did serious damage by causing leaf to mold whUe hanging in the barns. What promised to be a fine crop was much reduced in quality and value. In the dark district of Vii-ginia a part of the tobacco has good quality, but a large per cent was damaged by a hail and wind storm early in September. The yield per acre is higher than last year, while the price is low. In the old belt of Virginia and North Carolina, quaUty is much better than last year, except for a part damaged by hail and wind during the latter part of harvest. Less color is shown than last year, but otherwise quahty is fine. Yield per acre is better, while the price is the highest for many years. In the new belt of North CaroUna and South Carolina yield and quahty are below last year. Price is higher, and in eastern North Carolina is the highest ever reahzed. The Maryland and eastern Ohio export district shows better yield per acre and better price than last year, with quaUty about the same. The perique of Louisiana shows better yield and quahty, but lower price than in 1913. BARLEY. The barley crop of 178,000,000 bushels as estimated has been exceeded twice in quantity and is 1 per cent below the average pro- duction of the preceding five yea,rs. The estimated value of this crop, $96,000,000, has dechned in greater degree than has the production. Four barley crops have exceeded this one in value and it is 11 per cent below the average value of the crops of the preceding five years. The principal barley States in 1913 are Minnesota, C^ahfornia, and North Dakota, in the order named. SWEET POTATOES. Sweet potatoes have recently been added to the list of crops for which quantitive estimates are made. Tliis crop had a production of 59,000,000 bushels in 1913, with a farm value of $43,000,000, and the figures for both production and value are larger than those for 1912. In the order named. North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama are the leading States in the production of sweet potatoes in 1913. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 3 lO C JMt^iO B-S £0 ,s 'T C^ Oi Ol l^ CD p^ O -^ Ol »0 O l>i , iQ --O »0 tM »0 t^ to O (M O O C^ OS ;^ to UD (M C^ »-H 03 . 0> lO 00 I— 00 o oi CO >o -*• r^ c« CO P-^ iQ ;D -^ (M Ca »-i . CO lo r-< 05 C3 go o:, CO CO O »^ 00 05 ;^ O lO O T-* o t^ jS 00 n-^^T^ ^H IQ CO C^J IC »H 2 O CO CJ 00 t-^ cj ^CO -^ lO 00 o o 2c>ooJi^oo6 ^ (M rt i-H CC O O^-w CO "-0 ^ cr. c-1 o -^ -^ i-. kJ oTo'-^'co'-^'co ^ CO O u^ iO lo -^ o a: o o . O: 00 O} ■«< -1< O ^ CI CO cS ^ l^ GO ^ CO -^ CO iO ■ oic s o oo s: c^ ■•o o o •« oD ^ l~ CI "O 00 O '^ CI o o o o r>- to CO CO C^ CO tC C-1 ^COCO 1>OiC) o> ^^-^-^- ^- O O O O t^ o CI 05 cr. 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OOM f~00 00 oioo lO co»o i-O l^"0 O 1:^ t^ •"*« >cq • t^co OOOO QOO a> CI i-o C4 o lo o OS rH CO C4 CJ r-t 00 O --H CO 1-1 ■^ -S=. .COOOOOOC ) C) CO '-D O -H c oo o o ooo lO -n^ O GO O Ci o t^ t* CO I-* o »-* o t^ O CO *-( I -^0 CO »0 to »0 I-H t^ to CI rM ^ ^ t^ QQ m 3 «=a fH •3^ f^.2 d 3 a O— 'S eg ^ te te a o o t- CO -^ ■*-»-H ^ c n fe a .53 .2 .y as?St§ .a ° » a "^ >a a o Pa o <» (-< fc- W-i — fTl O O M < .. - -^ s 3 ^o-S H ; C3.2 >>- =^ &: ■ •= •= -w S O o .a.Sx;o ^ CO cy.S B O d c3 ci O = ,SaS SPhc 12 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 510. The production of sugar beets for sugar making is found chiefly in half a dozen States, which have the following order in quantity of be-ets produced: Colorado, California, Michigan, Utah, Idaho, and Oliio. The estimated quantity of beets grown in 1913 was 5,834,000 short tons, a figure that has not been reached in any former year and which exceeded by 34J per cent the average quantity of the five previous years. The estimated value of these beets at the factory was over $34,000,000, an amount which was higlier than that of any former year and was 48 per cent liigher than the average of the preceding five years. Sugar cane had an estimated production of about 8,150,000 short tons, a quantity that has been exceeded half a dozen times, as has also the estimated value of this cane, $21,000,000. About 5,000,000 tons are grown for sugar making, almost exclusively in Louisiana, and the balance of the crop is used for seed and for making shup. The beet and cane sugar industries combmed will have produced 1,081,000 short tons of sugar by the end of the campaign of 1913-14 with a factory value of $87,000,000, according to the estimates. If the by-products are added, the estimated value of the products of these two sugar mdustries will amount to $119,000,000. The product of sugar by these two industries in 1913-14 is larger than ever before, but the value has been exceeded m one previous year. The industry of making sugar from beets will have produced by the end of the campaign of 1913-14 about 727,000 short tons of sugar, practically all refined. This is a preliminary estimate and is to be accepted only tentatively, but it mdicates considerably the largest production of beet sugar m one year that tliis country has had and is 33 per cent above the average of the precedmg five years. The estimated value of this sugar is 13 per cent above the average of those years and amounts to about $61,000,000, but this value has been exceeded m two former years. The beet pulp, molasses, and other by-products of this industry, added to the value of the sugar, make a probable total of $63,000,000. Returns from about three- fourths of the beet-sugar factories mdicate a larger area and produc- tion of sugar beets m the United States in 1913 than last year. The estimates of acreage and production of beets for 1913, and of produc- tion of sugar for the campaign of 1913-14, in Table 5, are based upon conditions existing in the first part of the campaign and are subject to correction when later and more complete returns are available. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 13 Table 5. — Area and production of sugar beets, and production of beet sugar in the Unitid States, 1912-13. Beets used. State. Area. Production. Sugar macie. 1912 1913 (pre- liminary). 1912 1913 (pre- liminary). 1912-13 1913-14 (prelimi- nary). California Acres. 111,410 144,999 19,952 124,241 27,062 37,000 90,630 Acres. 120,000 157,000 22,000 113.000 27,000 40,000 98,000 Short tons. 1,004,328 1,641,801 170,619 838, 784 263,005 445, 130 860,050 Short tov^. 1,094,000 1,800,000 244.000 937,000 234,000 507,000 1,018,000 Short tons. 158,904 216,010 24,761 95,049 28,. 503 59,571 109, 758 Short tons. 160,000 215,000 Colorado Idaho Michigan 119,000 27,000 57 000 Ohio . . Utah.. Other States 117,000 United States. 555, 300 577,000 5,224,377 5,834,000 692,556 707 000 LOUISIANA CANE-SUGAR INDUSTRY. The cane-sugar industry by the end of the campaign of 1913-14 will have produced, as a prehminary estimate, 354,000 short tons of sugar, a production that has been exceeded half a dozen times. Its value is estimated at $26,000,000, and if the by-products of the industry are added, the total becomes about $40,000,000, wliich has been exceeded haK a dozen times. From conditions existing up to November 20, it is estimated that about 5,000,000 tons of cane (Table 6) wiU be used for sugar in Louisiana in the current campaign (1913-14). This total is based upon reports for 158 operating factories and upon estimates for 5. At least 26 sugar factories are not in operation this season. No estimate of sugar production is made at this time, but in the early part of the campaign the average yield of sugar per ton of cane wvls not far from normal. Results of the last two campaigns, with prcHmiiuuy data for 1913, are shown in Table 6. Table 6. — Cane and sugar in Louisiana. Year of cane harvest. 1911 1912 1913 (preliminary- estimate) Number of sugar fac- tories in operation. 188 126 163 Cane used for sugar. Short tons. 5, 887, 292 2, 162, 574 5, 067, 000 Sugar made Total. Average per ton of cane. Pounds. 705, 74S, 000 317,146,000 Pounds. 120 142 14 PARMEKS BULLETIN" 570. HAWAHAN SUGAR AND CANE PRODUCTION. Although Hawaii is outside of the territory covered by the agri- cultural estimates usually made by the Bureau of Statistics (Agri- cultural Forecasts) , inx^ormation recently received from the Hawaiian sugar factories is here inserted as pertinent to the general subject of cane and sugar production (Table 7). The Hawaiian cane-sugar production for the year ending Septem- ber 30, 1913, amounted to 551,000 short tons, the lowest since 1909-10, when 517,090 short tons were produced. The crop of 1910-11 was 566,821 tons, and the succeeding crops are shown below. In 1912-13, the average yield of sugar per ton of cane was 244 pounds, and the cane itself averaged 39 tons per acre. Of the four islands represented in these returns, Hawaii produced 197,000 tons of sugar; Kauai, 105,000; Maui, 125,000; and Oahu, 124,000 tons. Table 7. — rrelbninary returns of the Hawaiian cane-sugar campaign ending Sept. 30, 1913, and coinparison with two jyreceding years. Factories in opera- lion. Sugar made. Cane used. Area of cane used. Year ending Sept. 30 — Total. Average per ton of cano. Total. Average yield per acre. 1911 50 51 50 Short tons. 574, 478 595,038 551,000 Pounds. 238 249 244 Short tons. 4,83.5,000 4,774,000 4,517,000 Short tons. 41 42 39 Acres. 117,000 1912 113,000 1913 (preliminary) . . 115,000 Rye is a crop that has occupied a rather stationary place in the estimates of the bureau for many years, but a marked extension of area and appreciable increase of production developed in case of the crop harvested in 1913. This is a fall-sown crop and its increase in acreage in 1913 was due largely to its greater utilization for pas- turage in autumn and spring in the States extending from Ohio west- ward to the plains States. The estimated production in 1913 was over 41,000,000 bushels, making this cro23 easily the largest one ever produced in this country, and over 25 per cent greater than the five- year average. The estimated value of this crop, $26,000,000, was exceeded by the crop of only one former year and is greater by 9 per cent than the five-3^ear average. Chief among the r3"e States in the order mentioned are Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan. The estimated rice crop of nearly 26,000,000 bushels, or more than 1,158,000,000 pounds of rough rice, in 1913 is the largest one ever raised in this country and exceeds by 11 per cent the average of the previous five years. In estimated value this crop ranks second, THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 the amount being over $22,000,000, or 20 per cent above the five- year average. This crop has ahnost become extinct in the Atlantic States, where it once had commercial importance, and the commercial crop is now produced almost entirely in Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. FLAXSEED. The production of flaxseed dechned considerably in 1913, and was over 15 per cent below the five-year average. This crop's value is estimated at more than $21,000,000, or 32 per cent below the five-year average. The crop of this year has been exceeded many times in both quantity and value. Chief among the States that produce flaxseed are North Dakota, Montana, and Mimiesota, in the order named. The estimate of the hop crop is over 56,000,000 pounds, valued at less than $15,000,000. The production has been exceeded in two years and is 18 per cent above the average of the previous five years, while the estimated value of the crop has been exceeded only once and is over 42 per cent above the five-year average. BUCKWHEAT. Buckwheat, with an estimated production of nearly 14,000,000 bushels, has been exceeded in production many times and is nearly 19 per cent below the five-year average. Its value is estimated at over $10,000,000, and in this respect also the crop has been exceeded m^any times, and it is nearly 1 1 per cent under the five-year average. Chief among the buckwheat-raising States are Pennsylvania, New York, and Michigan, in the order mentioned. TOTAL CEREAL PRODUCTION AND VALUE. The cereals are all expressed in bushels and, although these bushels differ in weight and the cereals differ in their characteristics, the sum of the cereals for a series of years indicates in a comprehen- sive way the drift of production. In 1913, 4,591,000,000 bushels of cereals were produced, it is estimated, a quantity that has been exceeded in thi-ee years and that is 3 per cent under the average of the previous five years. On the other hand, the estimated value of the cereals of 1913 is $2,896,000,000, which is nearly 5 per cent above the highest figure yet reached b}^ them and is almost 9 per cent above the average of the preceding five years. Nearly the entire amount of the increase in value of the cereals above their value in 1912 is due to the increase in value of the corn and wheat crops of this year over those of last year. 16 FARMEES' BULLETIN 570. PRODUCTION AND VALUE COMPARISONS. In quantity of estimated production, the record has been broken by wheat, rye, rice, sugar beets, beet sugar, and the total of beet and cane sugar. Of the remaining crops, oats, barley, cotton, and hops have been exceeded tv.ice in production. The estimated production of the other crops of which separate account is made was relatively low. The value of the crops of 1913 is high. A new high record in esti- mated value is made by the total of all cereals, and separately by corn, cotton, cotton seed, tobacco, and sugar beets. Only once has there been a higher estimated value for oats, rye, rice, potatoes, hay, hops, and the total of beet and cane sugar. Only twice has the esti- mated value of wheat and of beet sugar been exceeded. If comparison be made with the average of the preceding five j^ears, estimated production is lower for barle}", buckwheat, corn, flaxseed, hay, potatoes, and tobacco, and estimated production is higher for oats, rice, rye, wheat, cotton, cotton seed, sugar beets, and hops. A better showing is made for the estimated values of these crops. Compared with the five-year average, lower values are estunated for barley, buckwheat, and flaxseed, whereas higher ones are estimated for corn, oats, rice, rye, wheat, cotton, cotton seed, sugar beets, hay, potatoes, tobacco, and hops. The estimated value of all crops for 1913 is nearly 11 per cent above the five-j'ear average. The crops for which acreage and quantitative estimates of produc- tion are made annually by the Bureau of Statistics represented in 1913 nearly 85 per cent of the value of all crops in 1909 and over 88 per cent of all crops in 1899; or nearly 92 per cent of the value of crops having census reports of acreage in 1909, and nearly 96 per cent of the value of such crops in 1899. From the aspect of acreage these crops represent about 97 per cent of all crops having census acreage reports in 1909, and 98 per cent in 1899. Detiiils b}^ States for acreage, production, and value of all crops for which cpiantitative estimates are made for 1913 may be found in Tables 11 to 25. ANIMAL PRODUCTS. It is estimated that the farm annuals sold and slaughtered during the year had a farm value of $2,206,000,000, or more than 20 per cent above the five-year average, although the number of these ani- mals sold and slaughtered remained about the same as the five-year average. The dairy products of 1913 are estimated at more than $814,000,000, or nearly 6 per cent more than the average for the preceding five yeai's. The eggs produced and fowls raised have an estunated value of more than $578,000,000, or more than 4 per cent above the five- year average. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 'J?he wool production of 1913, estimated at 304,000,000 pounds, was over 3 per cent under the average of the five preceding years, and its estimated value at a low average price was over $51,000,000, or over 11 per cent below the five-year average. PRICE TENDENCIES. The common phenomenon of record yield and crop value below the record, and of record crop value with low production is presented by more than half a dozen of the crops of 1913. If the farmer gets a high price, perhaps a very high price, per bushel or other unit of quantity in case of a crop of low production, on the other hand he usually gets but low prices for the crops which he produces in abun- dance. The prices of 14 principal crops average about 20.2 per cent higher than a year ago and 4.6 per cent higher than two years ago. Their total values average about 3.8 per cent higher than a year ago and 7.6 per cent higher than two years ago. Hence aggi"egate production averaged about 13.6 per cent less than a year ago and 2.9 per cent more than two years ago. FARM PRICES OF STAPLE CROPS. The general level of farm prices of staple cro]>s decreased approxi- mately 0.9 per cent from November 1 to December 1 . Last year from November 1 to December 1 there was a decline in price level of 6.8 per cent, and for the last five years there has been an average decline in price level from November 1 to December 1 of 2.9 per cent. The average level of prices on December 1 was about 20.3 per cent higher than on December 1 hist year, 0.3 per cent lower than two years ago (the year in which crop production was smaller than this year) , and 9.3 per cent higher than the average of the last five years on Decem- ber 1. FARM PRICKS OF MEAT ANIMALS. The average price to producere of meat animals (beef cattle, veal calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, and chickens) on November 1-5 was about $6.94 per 100 pounds, which compared with $7.12 on October 15, $6.45 on November 15 a year ago, S5.45 two years ago, and $6.47 three years ago. The decline of 2.5 per cent in price level from October 16 to Novem- ber 15 compared with a decline of 5.9 per cent in the same period last year, 2.4 per cent two years ago, and 4.8 per cent three years ago. FARM PRICES OF MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS. Prices at the farm have hocn reported monthly for the following commodities beginning with 1908: Corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, flaxseed, potatoes, hay, cotton, butter, eggs, and chickens. 22306°— Bull. 570—13 3 18 farmers' bulletin 570. From December 1, 1912, to December 1, 1913, the pries of chickens per pomid increased from 10.8 to 11.4 cents; the price of eggs in- creased from 29.7 to 33 cants; the price of butter increased from 25.8 to 29.2 cents; the price of cotton increased from 11.9 to 12.2 cents; of hay, from S11.79 to $12.43; of potatoes, from 50.5 to 68.7 cents; of flaxseed, from 114.7 to 119.9 cents; of buckwheat, from 66. 1 to 75.5 cents; of barley, from 50.4 to 53.7 cents; of oats, from 31.9 to 39.2 cents; of wheat, from 76 to 79.9 cents; and of corn, from 48.7 to 69.1 cents. In tha meantime the price of rye dechned from 66.3 to 63.4 cents. The above prices are those paid to producers. TENDENCY OF YIELD PER ACRE. The yields per acre of 10 principal crops have been converted to index numbers, in computing which 100 represents the average yield per acre of the 10 years 1903-1912; and the index numbers for these 10 crops have been consolidated into one series of index numbers. The results may be found in Table 8. A glance along the line for 1913 at once discovers that this year was one of low estimated production per acre. The only crops of the 10 that are represented by a number greater than the average are wheat and ry?. The 3 3'ears 1904-5-6 were ones of high estimated production per acre for the combined 10 crops and these were followed by years of low estimated production per acre until 1912, when the highest production of the combined 10 crops for the 11 years embraced in the table is exhibited. The index number for 1913 for the combined crops is only 93 and the only year of the 11 with a lower estimated production per acre is 1911, represented b}^ 90. Table 8. — Index figures of yield per acre of 10 products, 100 representing the average yield per acre of the 10 years, 1903-1912. Year. Corn. Wheal. Oats. Barley. Pota- toes. Hay. Cotton. To- bacco. Flax. Rye. lOcroyS com- bined. 1912 1911 1910 vm 1003 1907 !oon 1S 1 Dom. 1,562 45, 959 80, 621 139, 135 5,564 3,636 22, 803 91, 704 72,04S 22,389 216, 574 44,740 49, 987 1,119 Dolls. 1 397 North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 50, 373 69, 963 105,266 3 980 Florida Mis.souri 3,014 10 416 Alabama 77 r.8l Mississippi Louisiana ... . 12.6 i 12.3 11.7 1 115 61,037 20 678 Texas 11.5 11.4 n.6 13.0 11.5 11.3 12.3 268, 883 55,241 46, 627 Oklahoma Arkansas California United States. 36,011 34,283 182 191 13,677 2 13,703 12.2 11.9 797,841 2 781, 806 1 Bales of 500 pounds gross weight. 2 Includes "AH other." Table 19. — Tobacco: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. States. Acreage. Yield per acre. Total produc- tion (000 omitted). Price per pound Dec. 1 to pro- ducers. Value based on prices Dec. 1 to producers (000 omitted). 1913 1912 l-tl3 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 New Hampshire . . Vermont .4crfs. 100 100 6, 100 18,400 4,300 38,900 25,000 200,000 15,000 250,000 43, SOO 1,800 4,000 81,900 15,900 800 43,000 5, 100 370,000 90,000 300 600 200 800 A cres. 100 100 5,800 17,500 4,000 44,200 26,000 187,000 15,800 179,000 35,000 1,400 3,100 86,200 18,700 900 42,200 6,000 441,000 110,000 300 500 200 800 Lbs. 1,6.50 1,.5.50 1,550 1,5,50 1,020 1,200 740 770 680 670 760 1,000 1,000 750 750 700 1,180 650 760 720 700 450 600 650 Lbs. 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,.300 1,450 sso 600 760 620 700 830 840 920 800 760 1,290 1,000 780 060 750 300 700 650 Lbs. 16.5 155 9,455 28,520^ 4,386 46,680 18, ,500 1.54,000 10,200 167,500 33, 288 1,800 4,000 61,425 11,925 500 50.740 3,315 281,200 64,800 210 270 120 520 Lbs. 170 170 9,860 29,750 5,200 64,080 17,160 112,200 12.008 110,980 24,500 1,162 2, eat 79,304 14,960 684 54,4.38 6,000 343,880 72,600 225 150 140 520 Cts. 18.0 18.0 21.0 21.0 12.2 7.5 9.3 13.9 12.0 18.5 13.8 31.0 31.0 11.4 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.7 10.0 8.4 25.0 25.0 22.0 16.4 CIS. 18.5 18.5 23.9 24.1 12.6 8.5 8.0 12.0 11.0 16.0 10.9 30.0 30.0 9.1 9.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 8.7 7.1 35.0 30.0 17.5 18.0 Dollars. 30 28 1,986 5,989 5.35 3.501 ];720 21,406 1,224 30,988 4,594 558 1,240 7,002 1,312 64 6,089 421 28, 120 5,443 52 68 26 85 Dollars. 31 31 Massachusetts Connecticut New York Pennsylvania Maryland 2,3.57 7,170 655 5,448 1,373 Virginia 13,464 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina — l.,321 17,757 2,670 349 Florida 781 Ohio 7,217 Tndiaiiq . 1,-346 Illinois 62 Wisconsin 5,988 Missouri 720 Kentucky 29,926 TennpssiRR 5,155 Alabama 79 Louisiana 45 Texas 24 Arkansas 94 United States 1,216,100 1,225,800 784. 3 785. 5 953,734 962, 855 12.8 10.8 122,481 104,063 THE AGBICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 33 Table 20. — Rye: Estimates of acreage, production, mid value, 1913 and 1912. States. ^>rmont Massachusetts Coimectieut Kcw "i'ork Me'iV Jersey , Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland , Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Geoi'gia Ohio. Indiana liircois Michigan Wisc^onsin Mhuicsota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky.. Te.inessee Alabama Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyommg Colorado Utah Idaho Washington Oregon Califo.Tiia United States . Ad-eage (000 omitted). 1 3 7 133 70 280 1 27 58 17 46 3 13 97 103 49 375 425 300 60 16 125 50 120 45 22 17 1 2 5 1 10 4 20 12 2,557 A cres. 1 3 7 128 72 282 1 27 48 17 44 3 11 57 64 370 341 262 35 15 48 16 55 30 21 17 1 2 4 1 10 3 25 6 Yield per acre. 2,117 Bti. 18.0 IS. 5 19.3 17.2 18.0 17.5 14.0 14.4 12.3 13.5 10.3 10.5 9.5 16.5 15.2 16.5 14.3 17.5 19.0 18.2 15.0 14.4 13.2 14.5 14.0 12.4 12.0 U.O 15.0 9.5 11.5 21.0 19. 17.0 17.0 22.0 21.0 17.5 15.0 1912 16.2 Bu. 20.0 18.5 17.5 16.5 17.5 17.5 14.0 15.5 12.5 13.0 9.3 9.5 9.2 15.5 14.5 16.0 13.3 IS. 3 23. 19.0 14.8 IS.O 19.5 16.0 15.9 13.0 11.5 11.5 16.6 12.0 10.5 23. 5 19.0 19.-5 15.0 22.0 20.0 16.0 17.6 16.8 Total produc- tion (COO omitted). 1913 Bu. IS 56 135 2,288 1,260 4,900 14 389 713 230 474 32 124 1,600 1, 506 808 5, 362 7, 438 5,700 1,092 240 1,800 660 1,740 273 204 11 30 48 12 210 76 340 204 G6 168 350 120 41,381 1912 Bu. 20 56 122 2,112 1,260 4,935 14 418 600 221 409 28 101 884 768 4,921 6,240 6,026 665 222 864 312 880 477 273 196 12 33 48 10 235 57 488 90 66 180 352 141 35, 664 Price per bushel Dec. 1 to pro- ducers. 1913 as. 90 74 79 76 81 87 98 150 135 69 62 65 62 57 48 60 .45 50 60 75 87 99 140 101 86 95 55 64 60 60 58 60 63.4 Cts. 90 100 92 76 79 77 81 SO 85 105 145 140 75 98 134 110 87 105 60 65 55 68 60 65 70 90 Value based os prices Dec. 1 U. producers (OOf omitted). 1913 Dollars. 16 55 124 1,716 1,008 3,626 11 296 578 200 465 48 167 1,104 971 525 3,324 4,240 2,736 655 180 810 330 1,044 472 233 202 15 30 41 11 116 49 204 122 38 101 262 90 26,220 Dollars. If' ii: 1,605 995 3,800 11 334 510 429 41 141 663 631 538 3,199 3, 800 3,013 412 178 406 162 493 321 240 192 16 36 42 10 141 37 268 61 4C 117 246 127 23,636 32 FARMERS* BULLETIN 570. Table 21. — Barley: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, WIS and 1912. states. Maine , New lianipshiie.. Vermont New York Pennsylvania Maryland Virginia Ohio Indiana lUinais . Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri Nort'.i Dakota South Dakota Nebraslia Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Texas Oklahoma Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States. Acreage (000 omitted). A crcs. 5 1 12 77 5 11 40 8 54 85 725 1,450 400 5 1,275 958 110 240 3 2 7 7 60 13 100 4 38 30 12 180 180 120 1,275 7,499 Acres. 4 1 13 82 845 1,490 470 C 1,176 887 113 176 3 2 6 8 39 11 76 2 36 25 12 159 183 119 1,392 7,530 Yield per acre. Bu. 28 28 32 27 26 29 26 24 25 26 25 25 24 25 22 20 18 16 8 27 25 24 9 31 30 32 24 39 38 41 42 40 35 . 26 Bu. 26 28 35 26 28 27 25 31 30 32 26 29 28 31 25 30 26 22 24 26 26 29 20 36 34 39 35 40 45 41 44 43 36 30 Total production (000 omitted). Bu. 140 28 384 2,056 182 145 286 900 200 1,404 2,108 18,125 34, 800 10,000 110 25,500 16,765 1,760 1,944 80 50 168 63 1,860 396 3,250 96 1,482 1,155 492 7,560 7,290 4,200 33, 150 178,189 Bu. 105 28 455 2,132 192 108 250 020 266 1,796 2,262 24, 843 42,018 14,570 149 35,162 23,062 2,486 4,136 78 52 170 KU) 1,424 374 2, 964 70 1,440 1,125 492 6,916 7,869 4,284 41,700 223, 824 l^ricc per bushel Dec. 1 to producers. Os. SO 80 80 69 71 64 70 58 50 57 60 60 48 55 60 40 46 49 55 53.7 CIS. 77 84 SO 68 68 68 75 55 60 53 65 55 41 52 50.5 Value based on prices Dec. 1 to producers (GOO omitted). Dolls. 112 22 307 1,419 129 93 200 557 100 800 1,265 10, 875 16, 704 5,500 66 10, 200 7,712 862 1,069 62 35 136 50 893 242 1,820 69 1,082 635 443 3,629 3,791 2, 310 22,542 95,731 DolU. 81 24 364 1,450 131 73 188 341 160 952 1,470 13, 664 17, 227 7,576 12, 307 9.686 1,044 1, 654 58 42 137 80 755 232 1,482 50 1,253 664 428 3,527 4,171 2,356 29,232 112,957 Table 22. — Rice: Estimates of acrcarje, production, andvahic, 1913 and 1912. States. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total produc- tion (000 omitted). Price per bushel Dec. 1 to producers. \'alue based on prices Dec. 1 to producers (000 omitted). 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 NortlrCarolina South Carolina Georgia Acres. 300 4.900 500 400 200 1,.500 405, 500 3&3, 000 104, 700 6, 100 Acres. 400 8,000 900 600 300 2,200 352. 600 265, 600 90,800 1,400 Bu. 24 30 32 25 22 28 29 32 36 48 Bu. 25 25 30 25 30 35 34 36 38 50 Bu.^ 147 16 10 4 42 11,760 9,696 3,769 293 Bu. 10 200 27 15 9 77 11.812 9,429 3,405 70 Cts. 80 90 as 60 60 70 84 86 90 100 Cts. 90 93 90 90 90 90 93 94 94 01 DolU. 6 132 13 6 2 29 9,878 8,339 3,392 293 Dolls. 9 186 24 Florida 14 Alabama 8 Mississippi Louisiana 69 10,985 8 863 Arkansas 3,201 64 United States . 827, 100 722,800 31.1 34.7 25,744 25,054 85.8 93.5 22,090 23,423 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 Table 23. — Sweet potatoes: Esiimutes f>/ acreage, produclion, and value, 1913 and 1912. States. Acreage (000 omitted). 1 Yield per a.cre. t Total product ion (000 omitted,!. Price per bushel Dec. 1 to producers. Value based on prices Dec. 1 to producers (000 omitted). 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 New Jersey Pennsylvania Acres. 2.H 1 5 8 33 2 80 50 83 21 1 1 8 2 6 5 9 20 70 55 60 50 6 20 Acres. 23 1 5 8 33 • 2 75 48 81 21 1 1 8 2 6 5 9 20 62 52 56 36 4 18 6 Bu. 138 110 135 141 ■ 108 91 100 92 87 110 90 78 70 80 56 50 75 80 95 98 85 80 64 90 170 Bu. 120 120 120 125 90 115 90 105 90 112 lis 116 98 90 88 99 90 90 100 97 S4 75 92 88 156 Bu. 3,174 110 675 1.128 3,564 182 8,000 4,600 7,221 2,310 90 78 560 160 336 250 675 l,(i00 6.650 6,390 6.100 4,000 384 1 1,800 1,020 Bu. 2,760 120 600 1.000 2,970 230 6,750 5,040 7,290 2, 352 US 116 784 ISO 528 495' 810 i 1,800 ' 6.200 , 5,044 4.704 2,700 368 1,584 936 Cts. 78 90 60 60 70 100 61 75 68 75 106 103 106 1.50 105 110 94 80 67 62 70 95 104 80 100 Cts. 84 75 68 63 75 90 62 68 66 73 87 89 95 108 95 103 85 72 71 62 65 104 109 90 94 Dolls. 2,476 99 405 677 2,495 182 4,880 3, 450 4,910 1,732 95 80 594 240 353 275 634 1,280 4,456 3,342 3,570 3,800 399 1,440 1,020 Dolls. 2,318 90 408 630 Virginia 2,228 "West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 207 4,185 3,427 4,811 1,717 103 Ohio Indiana 103 Illinois 745 Iowa 194 Missouri 502 Kansas 610 688 Tennessee 1,296 Alabama Mississippi 4,402 3,127 3,058 2,808 401 1,426 Texas Oklahoma A rkansas California 880 I'nited States. 625 5.S3 92.5 95.2 5>t,057 55, 479 1 72.6 72.6 42, S84 40,264 Table 24. — Flaxseed: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. States. 1 Acreage (000 omit- ted). i Yield jior | acre. | 1 Total produc- tion (000 omit- ted). 1 Price per bushel Dec. 1 to producers. Value based on prices Dec. 1 to producers (000 omitted). 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 j 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 Wisconsin Minnesota... Acres. \ Acres. 9 ; 10 350 1 404 28 : 35 10 12 1,000 i 1,246 425 ; 619 9 1 2 50 1 50 1 1 Bu. 14.0 9.0 9.4 5.0 7.2 7.2 6.0 6.0 Bu. 12.5 ! 10.2 1 11.5 6.0 1 9.7 8.6 9.5 6.0 , 9.0 Bu. \ Bu. 126 1 125 3,150 4 121 Dolls. 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.15 1.21 1.20 1.10 1.16 Dolls. 1.27 1.20 1.24 1.10 1.14 1.13 1.28 1.30 1.38 Dolls. 155 3,874 323 58 8,712 3,672 59 348 Dolls. 159 4,945 Iowa 263 50 402 72 498 79 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma 7,200 3,060 54 300 '3,' 600 50 12,086 5,323 19 300 9 5,520 96 13,778 6,015 24 390 12 Montana Colorado 400 460 10 12 9.0 12.0 5.0 8.0 i.io 1.12 11.15 1.25 4,140 58 6,182 120 United States 2,291 1 2,851 7.8 9.8 1 17,863 28,073 ' 1.20 ; 1.15 1 i 21,399 32,202 34 FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 570. Table 25. — Buckwheat: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. States. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Totalproduction (000 omitted). Price per bushel Dec. 1 to producers. Value based on prices Dec. 1 to producers (000 omitted). 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 1913 1912 Acres. 13 1 8 2 3 280 10 280 3 11 23 38 9 18 5 4 60 18 6 6 2 1 1 3 Acres. 14 1 8 2 3 277 12 306 4 12 24 37 10 21 6 4 64 17 6 7 2 1 1 3 Bu. 32.0 31.0 25.0 17.0 17.0 14.3 22.0 18.5 17.0 16.5 23.1 21.0 19.3 18.0 18.5 17.0 15.0 16.5 16.5 14.0 11.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 Bu. 29.4 31.0 30.0 21.0 20.5 23.8 22.0 24.2 16.0 17.5 21.5 24.0 17.5 19.5 19.0 22.0 17.0 17.0 21.0 19.0 15.0 18.0 16.0 18.0 Bv.. 416 31 200 34 51 4,004 220 5.180 ' 51 182 531 798 174 324 92 68 900 297 99 84 22 20 10 45 Bu. 412 31 240 42 62 6,593 264 7,405 64 210 516 888 175 410 95 88 1,088 289 126 133 30 18 16 54 Cts. 56 66 80 80 95 81 76 73 69 75 80 78 78 76 75 80 70 69 64 81 85 79 80 75 CU. 70 72 72 85 88 04 72 64 66 71 75 75 85 70 73 80 05 66 65 75 95 90 78 78 Dom. 233 20 160 27 48 3,243 167 3,781 35 136 425 622 136 246 69 54 630 205 63 68 19 16 8 34 Dolls. 288 New Hampshire.. 22 173 Massachusetts Comiecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delavvare 36 55 4,220 190 4,739 42 149 387 West Virginia North Carolina Ohio 060 149 287 69 70 Michigan 707 191 Minnesota 82 100 28 Nebraska 16 Kansas Tennessee 12 42 United States. 805 841 17.2 22.9 13,833 19,249 75.5 66.1 10, 445 12, 720 Table 26.- — Winter wheat and rye: Estimates of acreage planted autumn, 1913, and condition Dec. 1, with comparisons. Winter wheat. Rye. Area sown. Cond tion Dec. 1. Area sown. Condition Dec. 1. States. Au- tumn 1912, re- vised (000 omit- ted). Autumn 1913. 1913 1912 10- year aver- age. Au- tumn 1912, re- vised (000 omit- ted). Autumn 1913. 1913 1912 Com- pared with 1912. Total prelim- inary (000 omit- ted). Com- pared with 1912. Total prelim- inary (000 omit- ted). 10- ycar aver- age. Vermont Acres. P.ct. Acres. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. Acres. 1 4 8 140 78 292 "l 28 68 18 54 3 14 103 110 P.ct. 101 101 102 100 101 100 99 100 100 99 102 103 100 92 95 Acres. 1 4 8 140 79 292 1 28 68 18 55 3 14 95 104 P.ct. 92 98 98 97 96 97 96 95 97 94 97 97 93 97 97 P.ct. 99 97 98 96 97 97 95 93 91 89 93 96 95 93 94 P.ct. 95 96 96 New York 347 83 1,326 116 621 794 243 621 82 144 2,017 2,228 105 100 101 100 ino 100 99 101 100 100 105 113 364 83 1,339 116 621 794 241 627 82 144 2,118 2,518 98 95 97 95 95 95 95 95 95 92 99 38 94 98 95 94 93 92 91 92 94 94 95 93 95 93 91 90 89 87 87 89 91 92 86 87 95 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware 95 92 92 Mary'anl 90 Virgiiiia 88 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 89 90 93 94 Ohio 89 Indiana 92 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 35 Table 26. — Winter wheat and rye: Estimates of acreage planted mitumn, 1913, and condition Dec. 1, with comjjarisons — Continued. AV inter wheat. Rye. Area sown. Condition Dec. 1. Area sown. Condition Dec. 1. States. Au- tumn 1912, re- vised (000 omit- ted). Autumn 1913. 1913 1912 10- year aver- age. Au- tumn 1912, re- vised (000 omit- ted). Autumn 1913. 1913 1912 Com- pared with 1912. Total prelim- inary (000 omit- ted). Com- pared with 1912. Total prelim- inarv (OiiO omit- ted). 10- year aver- age. Acres. 2,286 874 91 .50 406 2,350 P.et. 115 103 98 90 105 110 Acres. 2,029 900 89 45 4S9 2,585 P.ct. 99 95 94 92 96 98 P.ct. 94 90 S3 P.ct. 87 89 94 Acres. 53 399 447 312 62 18 132 54 124 48 31 24 2 P.ct. 99 95 100 95 99 115 108 105 95 115 100 105 105 Acres. 52 379 447 296 61 21 143 57 118 55 31 25 2 P.ct. 97 96 96 93 97 99 91 87 86 99 99 97 95 P.ct. 95 91 95 92 95 94 86 89 95 95 85 88 90 P.ct. 93 91 "\V isconsin . 95 Minnesota 92 Iowa 93 95 93 89 96 92 North Dakota 90 South Dakota 100 3,189 7,500 763 723 33 1 876 1,882 103 516 42 211 41 31 219 18 326 1,271 005 429 80 102 111 100 100 103 100 130 135 105 98 102 100 110 105 105 105 106 99 105 100 80 3,253 8,325 763 723 34 1 1,139 2,541 108 506 43 211 45 33 230 19 346 1,258 635 429 80 86 100 98 96 92 91 102 103 99 91 97 91 98 96 96 99 97 93 100 100 91 96 92 85 89 88 85 83 92 91 95 95 97 88 99 96 99 96 100 97 91 94 89 87 88 92 90 86 85 86 96 96 92 93 Kansas 91 Kentuckv 87 Tennessee 90 91 Mississippi Texas 2 6 1 11 4 22 102 150 105 95 108 96 2 9 1 10 4 21 101 105 100 95 98 89 81 90 94 95 98 94 87 88 Arkansas Montana 86 95 97 Colorado 93 New Mexico Arizona Utah 95 97 97 94 96 91 13 no 14 97 97 98 Nevada daho 3 9 21 11 9S 101 100 96 3 9 21 11 96 97 100 100 98 99 99 93 97 AVashington Oregon 97 07 California 94 United States 33, 618 108.6 36, 506 97.2 93.2 89.2 2,731 98.9 2,702 95.3 93.5 92. 7 o U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 575 Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) February 7, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. LIVE STOCK OF THE LNITED STATES. INTRODUCTION. The contents of this bulletin relate principally to estimates of the supply of live stock of specified classes on farms in the United States on January 1, 1914, the average farm price per head, and the esti- mated total value of each class. These estimates are based upon reports and estimates from 22 special field agents, 47 State statistical agents, 1,S67 county correspondents, 15,542 township correspond- ents, and 1,782 special live stock correspondents. The results of these estmiates have in every case been compared with the estunates by this bureau for the past three years, with the census of 1910, and with the totals shov/n by the records of tax assessors in the various States so far as ihoj are available for the past three years. Wliile the totals and averages set forth herein are purely estimates, it is believed that they are as nearh^ accurate as it is possible to make them without an actual enumeration, such as was made by the Bureau of the Census in 1910. The statistics of farm animals and animal products are admittedly most unsatisfactory. A mass of statistics are available as to receipts and shipments of live stock at some of tho great central markets of the West and Middle West, as to the number of animals exported and imported, and as to the average weights a.nd prices quoted at central markets; but aside from the census no accuj'ate statistics as to the number, sex, age, weight, annual increase or decrease, or cost of production, are available from year to year in the United States. Accurate statistics do not exist for the present year as to the number of local slaughtering houses in the United States, the number of meat animals slaughtered therem, cost of slaughtering, or tho quantity of meat and by-products pro- NoTE. — The next regular report of tlie Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Fore- casts) will relate to corn, Avheat, oats, and barley, and will be issued at 2.15 p. m._, March 7, 1914. 27649°— 14 1 2 FAKMEES BULLETIIST 575. duced; nor are statistics to bo had j^oarly of tl^e cost involved in hand- ling meat animals at the great central slaughtering and packing estab- ILsliments of the West and Middle West. The best information ob- tainable on the numbers and values of live stock, including meat animals, is that collected decennially by the Bureau of the Census and the annual estimates of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) of the Department of Agriculture. An anal3^sis of the yearly estimates of numbers of live stock in former years by this bureau indicated that there was a tendency to underestimate the correct number, which became apparent when such estimates were checked against the actual enumerations made by the census. This year certain improvements and checks were used in making the estimates, which it is believed will correct this tendency to underestimate. The estimates for January 1, 1914, indicate that there are 20,962,000 horses and 4,449,000 mules in the United States, an average annual increase of about 1.4 per cent over the number shown by the census of 1910. It is estimated tliat the average farm price of horses has increased from S108.03 in the census year to $109,32 in January, 1914, and in the case of mules from $120.20 to $123.85 in the same period. On this basis the total farm value of horses is $2,291,638,000 and of mules $551,017,000. The total estimated farm value of these animals is therefore $2,842,655,000, which is an increase of $194,082,000 over the census year and represents an annual increase of wealth from these sources of $48,520,000. The estimates indicate a slight increase in the number of milch cows since the census year, equivalent to an increase of about one- half of 1 per cent, the estimated number now being 20,737,000. On the other hand, the average farm price of milch cows has increased from $35.29 in the census year to $53.94 in January", 1914, or an increase of 50.7 per cent. On this basis the farm value of milch cows now in the United States is estimated at $1,118,487,000 as com- pared with their estimated value in the census year of $727,802,000, which is an increase of $390,685,000, or an average annual increase for four years of $97,671,000. With regard to meat animals, that is, "other cattle," sheep, and swine, the estimates indicate a steady and faiidy uniform decrease in the number of cattle and sheep, a slight increase in the number of swine, and a consideralJe inci'ease in the average farm price of cattle and swine since the census year of 1910. In the case of cattle the number has decreased from 41,178,000 in the census year to 35,855,000 in January, 1914, v/liich is an average annual decrease of 1,330,000, or about 3.3 per cent. In the case of sheep the number is estimated to have decreased from 52,448,000 in the census year to THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 49,719,000 in January, 1914, which is an average annual decrease of 682,000, or about 1.3 per cent. In the case of sv/ine, the Bureau of the Census reported 58,186,000 on April 15, 1910; on January 1, 1914, it is estimated that tliere were 58,935,000 in the United States, wiiich is an increase of approximately 747,000, or 1.3 percent, for thefoui years. As compared with the census year of 1910 it is estimated that the farm price of cattle other than milch cows has increased from $19.07 to $31.13, or 63.2 per cent, which is an average aimual increase of over 15 per cent. The price of sheep has decreased from an estimated average farm value of $4.12 in 1910 to $4.04 in 1914; swine increased from $9.17 to $10.40 per head in the same period, or 13.4 per cent. The estimated total number of these three classes of meat animals on January 1, 1914, is 144,507,000 as compared with 151,812,000 in the census year of 1910, or a decrease of 7,305,000 ardmals; but because of the higher prices the present farm value of these animals is estimated at $1,930,087,000 as compared with §1,534,600,000 in the census year, or an increase in valuation of $395,487,000. NUMBEl? AND VALUE OF FARM ANIMALS COMPARED WITH POPULATION. The report of the last census shows a total population in 1910 of 91,972,000, and estbnates an annual increase subsequent to 1910 that would make the populatitm in 1914 equal to 98,646,000. Tliis would indicate that the per capita number of farm animals has decreased sbice 1910. Relatively to the population there is an accumulated short- age in the four years of 3.5 per cent in the number of horses and 9.8 in the number of mides, or approximately 740,000 horses and 483,000 mides. In the case of milch cows the accunndated shortage amounts to 965,000, or about 4.4 per cent; that is, in order to have the same number of milch coavs for every 100 inhabitants in January, 1914, as there were in the last census 3'^ear woidd require a total of 21,702,000, which is 965,000 more than the leturns from the various correspond- ents throughout the United States indicate. With regard to meat animals, our estmiates indicate an accu- mulated shortage since the census year of approximately 19.2 per cent, or 8,536,000 head, of cattle; 11.6 per cent, or 6,509,000 head, of sheep; and 5.2 per cent, or 3,214,000 head, of swine. The indicated total shortage of meat animals since the census of 1910 is therefore approximately 18,259,000 head, or nearly nme beef cattle, seven sheep, and over three hogs for each 100 of the total estimated popidation m January, 1914. Notwithstanding this tremendous shortage in the number of meat anmials in the past four years, a shortage of over 7,000,000 animals, the estimated farm value of the cattle, sheep, and swine, on fanns on January 1 was $395,487,000 greater than the estimated vahie of these animals in the census year of 1910. 4 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 575. SOME CAUSES OF THE SHORTAGE OF MEAT ANIMALS AND INCREASE IN THEIR VALUE. The shortage of meat annuals is probably dne to a number of contributing causes, such as the encroachment of farms upon the range territory; absence of a proper range-leasing law permitting economical management and utilization of ranges; the shortage in the corn and forage crop due to the severe drought in Kansas, Ne- braska, and Oklahoma in 1913, which caused the farmers in those States to dispose of their meat animals; the increase in the value of land and the increased cost of labor and stock feed, resulting in greatly increasing the cost of production; the decline in stock raising on farms in the East and South because of poor marketing facilities resultmg from many local slaughtering establishments having been driven out of business by the competition of the great central slaugh- tering establishments of the West and Central West; the temptation to sell live stock at the prevailing high prices rather than to continue to carr}^ them with high-priced stock feed, possible loss from disease or accident, and uncertain prices the following year; increased tendency to operate farms under short-term leases, with no incentive to maintain soil fertility through stock raising; possession of leased farms changed at wrong season of year for handling stock economi- cally; enormous losses from cholera in swine; and the competition of higher prices for other farm products. These are some of the causes which are mentioned to account for the apparent shortage in meat animals; but the extent of their influence, singly or combined, is not definitely known. They will undoubtedly be considered by the committee which was recently appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture to investigate the economics of the present meat situation, of which Dr. B. T. Galloway, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, is chairman, and Dr. H. J. Waters, president Kansas Agricultural Col- lege; Prof. C. F. Curtiss, director Iowa Agricultural College; H. W. Mumford, professor animal husbandry", Urbana, 111.; Dr. A. D. Melvin, chief Bureau of Animal Industry; and Dr. T. N. Carver, director Rural Organization Service, are members. The large increase in the value of meat animals on farms is prob- ably accounted for by the increased cost of production and the in- creased consumption or demand arising from the fact that production has not kept pace with the increase in population, and in the case of cattle and sheep has actually declined. This unprecedented increase in the average value of meat animals does not necessarily mean that farmers or stock raisers are making mor-e, if any, profit. On the contrary, the cost of production has probably increased more rapidly than the increase in the selling price of live stock. It is well known that producers of farm products are the last to receive any benefit from higher prices paid by consumers, 3"et they are prompt to increase THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 production if there is a prospect of realizing better retinns. The very fact that there is a present shortage of nearly 19,000,000 meat ani- mals in the United States since the census of 1910 indicates clearly that the business is not profitable to producers; otherwise every farmer and stock raiser in the country would have increased his herds of meat animals. It should also be borne in mind that the estimated average value of meat animals shown in this bullethi is their value on the farm, and not the vvholesale or retail value. The farm value, or average ]3rice received on farms, is much less than the wholesale prices, which in turn are considerably less than the retail prices to consumers. Just what the difference is between the price at the farm and the cost to the ultimate consumer is n.ot definitely known, partly because the animals sold from the farm lose their identity in the process of manu- facture into meat which is purchased by the consumer. The total cost to the consumer is made up of the cost of production of the live stock (farm price), the cost of marketing and transportation of the live animals, the cost of manufacture into various kinds of meats, and the cost of marketing and distributing the manufactured products to the consumer. This is an immense business in itself and the indi- cations are that the profits are correspondingly large to every one concerned, between the original producer and the ultimate consumer. Leon M. Estabrook, Chief, Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts). ESTIMATES OF FARM ANIMALS. CATTLE OTHER THAN MILCH COWS. NUMBER. The estimated munber of cattle on farms other than milch cows January 1, 1914 was 35,855,000. The number enumerated in the census of 1910 for April 15 was 41,178,000, from which number there was an unbroken decline year by year to 1914. The decline from the census number is 12.9 per cent, and from the number for 1913, 0.5 of 1 per cent. VALUE. In estimated average farm value per head, cattle other than milch cows have made an enormous gain since 1910. The average for January 1, 1914, is S31.13, aU ages being included in this average. The average for January 1, 1910, as established by this bureau, was $19.07; for the same month 1912 it was $21.20; and for 1913, $26.36. The increase for 1914 is $4.77, or 18.1 per cent, over the average price for 1913, and $12.06, or 63.2 per cent, over the average price for the census jcar 1910. 6 FARMEKS BULLETIN 575. In consequence of tlio oxtraordmary increase in the farm value per head of cattle other than miich cows, the total value of this class of anhnals has increased in a large degree from 1910 in spite of a dimin- ished number. Tne total value of this class of animals for 1910, established by muitipiymg the number of animals as determined by the census by the average value per head as determined by this bureau, was $785,261,000; the total value for January 1, 1912, as established entirely by this bureau, was $790,064,000; for 1913, the total estimated value was $949,645,000, a gain of 20.9 per cent over 1910; and the value for January 1, 1914, is $1,116,333,000, again of 42.2 per cent over 1910, of 41.3 per cent over 1912, and of 17.6 per cent over 1913. A tabular statement of the number of cattle on farms other than milch cov/s and their value per head and total value, mth details for the States, may be found in Table 12. CAUSES OF DIMINUTIOX OF NUMBER. The diminution of cattle other than milch cows on the farms of the United States in 1914 as compared with 1913 was caused mairdy by the high prices of feed, the drought of the summer of 1913 extending from New Eiigland westward to the Rocky Mountains, and by the high pric(^s at which the cattle of this class, bad as well as good, could bo sold. West of the Missouri River so deficient were the corn crop and summer forage that a large portion of the cattle were hurriedl}'- and permaturely sold at prices much lower than farmers paid for cattle in th(i folio wmg autumn when they began to restock their pastures. The price of corn rose so high in the autumn of 1913 as to make the profitable feeding of cattle for beef unpromising. In some parts of the drought area, bankers who had advanced money to fai-mers for feeding beef cattle were afraid that feeding would be unprofitable and forced farmers to sell prematurely. In March, 1913, a blizzard killed m.any thousands of cattle in Nebraska. In the Gidf States from Florida to Louisiana, in the autumn of 1913, buyers from Texas and parts of the region to the north bought all of the cows that they could obtam, even scrubs, for stocking and restocking pastures on farms and ranges, for breeding purposes. In a part of Mississippi the poor cotton crop compelled farmers to sell cows to pay debts. For several years the number of cattle other than milch cows had decreased in Texas, mitil the droughts of recent years stopped the sale of cattle ranges in the western portion of the State for use as farms, which had been the main cause of the former reduction in number of cattle. The mcrease of cattle in 1914 was caused by importations from Mexico since the new tariff act went into effect October 4, 1913, permitting the entry of cattle duty free. Wlnle it THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 7 is true that a large fi-action of the cattle impoi'ted from ]SIexico goes directly to the slaughterhouses, it is also true that considerahle num- bers of them, have been sent to pastures in the western portion of Texas, where the grazing, because of abundant rams, has for several months been as fine as was ever known. In other parts of the State some of thase cattle are pastured on winter wheat and oats. In California the day of stock cattle is rapidly passing. The ranges are becoming smaller, and the number of range cattle becomes less every year. The cattle on farms, other than milch cows, are now al)()ut tlu'ee times their number in 1850. Tlie census of that year reported 11,394,000. The number increased to 17,034,000 in 1860, but the losses of the ( ivil War had not been replaced by 1870, in which year the census disclosed a dechne to 14,885,000. Then followed the great extension of settlement on new pubhc and raihoad lands west of the MLssissi])pi River, north and south, and this caused an enormous expansion of the raising of cattle for beef. By 1890 the number of these cattle Had increased to 34,852,000, and the culmination of the hicrease was reached at about the time when the <'ensus of li)00 was taken, when the number of these cattle was 50,584,000. Then follov/ed the exhaustion of the supply of public and railroad lands for gi'azing purposes, the encroachment of settlers upon the ranges, the '^ no-fence law," the practice of diy farming, and the upward movement of the general price level in which farm animals, produ<'ts, and land moved upward in price in greater degree than most other products and property did. The upward movement of pri('(^s, especially of corn and land, greatly increased the cost of making beef; and, although farmers rece.iv?d high prices for beef cattle, these piices often brought little or no profit. F'armers have never regarded themselves as having a mission to supply the pubhc with beef at a low price. They have naturally treated this industry pm-ely from an economic viewpomt and when- ever they, have found that they could make more profit or prevent loss b}' premature selling of cattle, or by seiUng some of their pro- durtion stock, or by selling calves, they have done so. The raising of beef cattle on old-time ranges, on cheap pastures, and on low- priced com has ceased, p*nd well-mformed men percsive that the raising of beef cattle must be estabhshed largely on new foundations. From the highest point reached m number of cattle on farms other than milch cows about 1900, when the number was over 50,000,000, the number declined to 41,178,000 m 1910, and to 35,855,000 in 1914. COMPARISON WITH POPULATION. It \n\\ help to understand the import of these numbers if they are compared with the pt)pulation of the years mentioned. The animals FAEMEES' BULLETIN 515. imdci' consideraiioii are cattlf^ on farms other than milch cows. There was 0.49 of 1 animal per capita of tlie population in 1850, and 0.54 of 1 animal in 1S60. This average was not surpassed until 1S90, when the per capita ratio was 0.55 of 1 animal. The highest point reached, as far as is knovv'n, is 0.67 of 1 animal per capita of tlie po]>ulation in 1900, from which time the ratio declined rapidly and strikingly to 0.45 of 1 animal per capita in 1910, and 0.86 of 1 anim.al in 1914, or hut little more than half as much as the I'atio of 1900. The figures may ho found in Tahle 1. Table 1. — Numher and per capita number of horses, mules, cattle, sheep, and sivine on farms, according to the census June 1, lf^40 to 1900, and April 15, 1910, and Depart- ment of Aejriculture estimates, January], 1914- Nl'MBER OF ANIM.\LS. Year. Horse."!. 1840.... 1850.... 18(50.... 1870.... 1880.... 1890.... 1900.... 1910.... 1914.... 14,335,609 4,330,719 0,249,174 7,145,370 10,357,488 14,969,407 18,267,020 19,8.S3,113 20,962,000 Mules. 559,331 1,151.148 1,125,415 1,812,808 2,295,5.32 3.264, (il5 4,209,769 4,449,000 Cattle. Total cattle. 14,971,586 17,778,907 25,620,019 23,820,608 35,925,511 51,303,572 67,719,410 61,803,866 Milch (dairy) cows. (3) 6,. 385. 094 8, 585, 7.35 8,935,332 12, 443, 120 16, .511. 950 17,135,633 20.625,432 56,592,000 ! 20,737,000 other cattle. (=) 11.393.813 17,034,284 14,885,276 23,482,391 34,851,622 .50, .583, 777 41,178.4.34 35, 855, 000 Sheep (not including spring lambs 1840 to 1890). 19, .31 1.374 21,723,220 22,471,275 28,477,951 35,192,074 35.935,364 61.-503,713 52,447,861 49,719,000 Swijie, 26,301,293 30,354,213 33,512,807 25,134,569 47,681,700 57,409,583 62,868,041 58,lS5,67(i 58,933,000 PER C.\PIT.\ NUMBER OF .\NIM.\LS. 1840 18.50 1860 . 10.25 .19 .20 .19 .21 .24 .24 22 lii (=) 0.02 .04 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .0.3 0.88 .77 .81 .62 ..82 .89 .67 0.28 . 27 !23 .25 .26 .23 !21 0.49 ..54 .39 .47 . 55 .67 .45 . .36 1.13 .94 .7! .74 .70 .'si .57 ..50 1.54 1.31 1.07 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 :95 .91 .m . 63 1914 . 60 1 Including mules. 2 Included v.Ith "Horses." s Xot giA-en separately, GEOfiRAPHIC REDISTRIBUTIOX. The westward movement of the industry of raising beef cattle gave predominance to the South Central States west of the Mississippi River as the leading geographic division in this industry as early as 1.S60, and this relative position was not lost until 1880, wdien it passed to the North Central States west of the Mississippi River, which, as a group, still hold the leading place in this industry among the nine geographic divisions into which the United States is now commonly divided by the Bureau of the Census and hy the Depart- ment of Agriculture. From 1850 to 1910 the fraction of the Nation's cattle on farms other than milch cows possessed by New England continuously declined THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 9 from 7.6 to 1.2 per cent, but- slight evidence of recovery appears in 1914, when New England's fraction appears to be 1.4 per cent. In the Middle Atlantic States the relative position of cattle on farms other than milch cows, in comparison with other geographic divisions, is Jiearl}^ the same as in New England, except that the Middle Atlantic States have alwavs had a larger number of animals than New England. In 1850 the Middle Atlantic States had 14.6 per cent of the Nation's cattle on farms other than milch cows, and the fraction declined to 4.0 per cent in 1910. followed by a perceptible increase to 4.4 per cent in 1914. The fractions are of similar import for the South Atlantic States, which had 25.7 per cent of these cattle in 1850, followed by a decUne to 6.0 per cent in 1900, after which tliere was a gain to 8.1 per cent in 1914. This group of States had more of these cattle than any other in 1850. In the North Central States east of the Mississippi River these cattle were 18.9 per cent of the national total in 1850, and the fraction increased to 21.3 per cent in 1870, after which the decline was steady to 12.1 per cent in 1910. A perceptible tendency toward recovery is indicated for 1914, for which 3'ear the percentage is 12.8. The South Central States east of the Mississippi River had a larger percentage of the Nation's total cattle on farms and ranges other than milch cows in 1850 than they have since possessed. Their percentage for 1850 was 17.8, from which there was a steady decline to 4.8 per cent in 1900, followed by a rise to 5.6 per cent for both 1910 and 1914. The year 1850 practicalh- antedated the settlement of the Mountain States by white people, and at that time the farm and range cattle other than, milch cows were only 0.3 of 1 per cent of the national total. After 1870 the fraction increased rapidly to 1 1.0 per cent in 1900 and continued to increase in 1910 and 1914, being for tlie latter year 14.1 per cent. The Pacific States have remained in nearly a stationary position relatively during the last 50 years. Their fraction of the national total of these cattle in 1850 was 2.5 per cent. It rose cpiickly to 6.4 per cent in 1860, from which figure it fell to 3.8 per cent in 1870. Subsequenth^ the increase has been slow and has reached the fraction of 5.8 per cent in 1914, somewhat less than that of 1860. At the present time the North Central States west of the Missis- sippi River possess 27.7 per cent of the farm and range cattle other than milch cow^s and the South Central States west of the Mississippi River 20.1 per cent. The States next in order are the Mountain States with 14.1 per cent, sUghtly below which is the fraction of 12.8 per cent for the North Central States east of the Mississippi River, 8.1 per cent for the South Atlantic States, 5.8 per cent for the Pacific 27(;49°— 14 2 10 FARMERS BULLETIN 575. States, .5.6 per cent for the South Central States east of the Mississippi River, 4.4 per cent for the Middle Athmtic States, and 1.4 per cent for New England. The Atlantic States, altogether, possess 13.9 per cent of the national total; the Central States east of the Mississippi River possess IS. 4 per cent, the Mountain and Pacific States possess 19.9 per cent, and the Central States west of the Mississippi River possess 47.8 per cent, or nearly half of the enth-e number. The estimates of the number of these animals in the nine geographic divisions for 1914 indicate that a redistri])ution of relative numbers has ]:>egun geographically. All geographic divisions east of the Mis- sissippi River have begun to increase their fraction of the national total except the South Central States east of the Mississippi River, where the fraction appears to be stationary since 1910. The Moun- tain States are increasijig their fraction, and the Pacific States are apparently holding a stationary position relatively. The prominent beef-cattle producing region for many years, between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, has begun to lose its relative stand- ing in favor of less prominent geographic groups of States. These changes in relative standing, however, are due to ]>eef-cattle reduc- tions in the great cattle region above mentioTied more than to gains in beef cattle elsewhere. An analysis of the i-elative distribution of the faj-m and range cattle, not including milch cows, throughout the geographic divisions of the country' may be found in Table 2. Table 2. — Percentage of lire nlock in each geographic divisioii of the I'nitcd States. MILCH cows. Year. New England. Middl3 Atlantic. South Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. East South Central. West ^,. ,„ Sooth 1 ^°Pf- Central. 1 **"*• 1 Pacrfto. 1840 1 1850 9.5 7.9 7.2 6.0 5.0 5.2 4.1 24.8 22.6 24.5 19. 6 15.3 15. 2 12. G 12. 3 19.5 14.4 11.2 10.3 8.3 8.1 8.8 8.7 20.2 22.7 25.2 24.0 22 7 23^1 23.4 23. 6 4.3 7.1 11.7 19.4 27.2 26.4 25. 8 25.7 14.7 11.1 9.3 9.2 8w0 7.4 7.9 7.4 6.5 10.5 7.4 8.1 9.2 9.6 10.9 10.6 0.3 .6 .9 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.5 3.1 0.2 1860 3.1 1870 1880 2.6 2.4 1890 1900 3.0 3.1 1910 4.0 1914 4.0 4.0 OTHER CATTLE. 1840 2 . 10.3 7.6 5.3 4.8 .3.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.4 22.1 14.6 10.0 9.4 7.9 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.4 2.3.4 25.7 15.9 13.0 11.0 7.2 (i.O 7.3 8.1 17.9 18.9 19.6 21.3 19.8 15.2 13.0 12.1 12.8 3.1 5.7 7.9 12.7 22.5 31.7 30.8 29.9 27.7 19.4 17.8 12.6 10.1 8.3 7.2 4.8 5.6 5.6 3.8 6.9 21.8 23. 7 18.1 18.3 24.8 20.6 20.1 1850 0.3 .5 1.2 5.3 9.6 11.0 13.5 14.1 2.5 1860. . .. 6.4 1870 3.8 1880 3.9 1890 4.7 1900. . 4.0 1910 5.8 1914 5.8 1 Not separately stated. 2 Total cattle. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. n Tabi.k 2.- -Perce}itage of live stock in each geographic division of the United States — Continued. SWINE. Year. New England. Middle Atlantic. South Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. Ea.st South Central. West South Central. Moun- tain. Pacific. 1840 . . 2.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 o.s 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 13.9 7.6 6.0 6.1 4.5 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.5.0 24.7 21.5 15.3 11.9 8.9 8.8 10.2 11.2 21.2 21.5 25.5 28.8 28.5 26.1 25.5 24.9 25.7 5.2 6.7 10.6 16.2 29.5 39.4 38.9 36.6 33.4 29.1 31.2 23.7 20.7 14.2 11.4 10.6 9.3 9.9 2.7 7.0 9.5 9.5 8.7 7.6 10.2 12.1 11.7 1850 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.5 0.1 1860 1.6 1870 2.3 18.'(0 1.7 1890 1.5 1900 1.7 1910 2.0 1914 2.4 SHEEP. 1840 19. 8 10.4 7.9 5.1 3. 9 2.6 1.4 0.8 0.8 36.8 2.5.0 19.5 14.4 10.3 8.9 5.0 3.2 3.5 13.6 13.7 11.3 7.4 7.2 6.8 4.3 3.9 4.5 16.6 31.4 30.7 39.2 30.0 26.3 17.3 16.5 16.9 1.9 4.2 5. 5 8.7 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.9 10.0 10.6 11.9 10. S 7.8 6.6 6.4 3.7 3.8 4.6 0.7 1.4 .5.1 3.5 7.9 10.9 4.6 4.2 4.9 1850 1860 1.8 3.9 2.9 10.3 17.5 45.1 49.2 43.3 0.2 5.3 ISU) U.O 1880 1890 190<1 15.7 12.6 10.7 lOiO 191' 9.5 11.5 rOMMEROIAL MAKKKTIXGS. The commercial marketings of cattle remain to be considered. The receipts of cattle, ircluding- dairy cows but not including calves, have been aggregated for Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Sioux City, St. Joseph, and St. Paul, for each year from 1900 to 1913. The cattle received in these seven great markets in the calendar year 1900 numberd 7,179,000, and the number steadily increased to its highest point, 9,591,000, in 1907. In the three years following 1907 the marketings of cattle averaged more than 9,000,000, but in 1911 the decline became sharp, and in 1913 the marketings had the total of only 7,905,000 cattle. If the high average marketings of the 10 years 1901-1910 are regarded as 100, the marketings for 1907 reached the high point of 107. G, from which, with fluctuations, the relative number declined to 88.7. The marketings for 1900 and 1901 were lower than this. The marketings of beef cattle, as above mentioned, are to be under- stood in the light of the attendant circumstances. From 1900 to the present time there has been, more or less, a marketing of breeding stock of beef cattle as well as of steers, calves, and aged cows. For the marketing of calves a separate statement can be made for five of the great markets above mentioned. In 1902, 518,000 calves w^ere received at these markets, and the number increased to 981,000, or nearly double, in 1910, and subsequently sharply declined to 741,000 in 1913. From 1905 to the last year the marketing of calves has largely represented the sale of production stock. 12 FARMERS BULLETIN 5 /.J. For the results of tlie com})iIations of the marketings of cattle and calves, see Table 3. Table 3. — Yearlij nuulrltii'js o/livi' sloclc, [Combined receipLs at Chicago, Kajisas City, Omaha, St. T,oiiis, Sioux City, SI. .loseph, and St. Paul.] Year. Xumber. Index nOO=voarlv average, 1901-1910). Cattle. Calves.' Hogs. Sheep. Cattle. I Calvc5.' Hogs. Sheep. 1900 7,179,344 7,708,839 8,375,408 8,878,789 8, 690, 699 9,202,083 9,373,825 9,590,710 8,827,360 9,189,312 9,265,408 8, 768, 456 8, 159, 888 7, 904, 552 2 304,310 2 356, 952 517,702 550, 559 513,034 730,639 796, 793 834, 781 854, 687 868, 564 981,309 975,176 909,526 740, 662 18,573,177 20,339,864 17,289,427 16,780,250 17, 778, 827 18,988,933 18,682,370 19,029,775 22.334,445 18,420,012 15,347,791 20,453,530 20,265.667 19,924,331 7,061,466 7, 798, 359 9,177,050 9,6.80,692 9,604,812 10,572,259 10, 864, 327 9,857,877 9,833,64^1 10, 284, 858 12,407,418 13,556,107 13, 755, 579 14,037,8:30 80.6 86.5 94.0 99.6 97.5 103.3 105. 2 107.6 99.1 103. 1 104.0 98.4 91.6 88.7 2 43.4 = 51.0 73.9 78.6 73.2 104.3 113.7 119. 2 122.0 124.0 140.1 139.2 129.8 105.7 100.4 110.0 93.5 90.7 96.1 102.6 101.0 102. 9 120.7 99.6 83.0 110.6 109.5 107.7 70.6 1901 77.9 1902 91.7 1903 96. 7 1904 96.0 1905 105.6 1906 10S.6 1907 98.5 190S 98. 3 1909 102.8 1910 124. 19n 135. 5 1912 137. 4 1913 140.3 iReoeipts at Chicago. Kansas (^itv, SI. .Toseph, St. Paid, and Sioux Citv. No returns for Omaha and St. Louis. 2No data for Sioux (Mty. MILCH (DAIRY) COWS. XI'MBER. According to the estimate of this bureau, the number of milch cows on farms January 1, 1914, Avas 20,737,000. This is a slight increase, 0.5 of 1 per cent, over the number as enumerated in the census of 1910, and is 1.2 per cent above the estimate of this bureau for 1913. Various causes contributed during 1913 to prevent a larger increase in the number of milch cows on farms than is indicated. In Xew England and westward across the pMucipal dairying States, the w^ork of cow-testing associations has resulted in eliminating many cows that were kept at a loss and these cows were shiughtered. Along the Gulf States from Florida to Louisiana many cows were bought for transportation to pastures in Texas and States to the north to take tlie place to some extent of cows sold during the severe drought of the summer, because of shortage of pasture and forage. The high prices paid by slaughterers for beef animals . Ohio fine, unwashed. Ohio XX, washed. Ohio Delaine, washed. Fine selcctpd Territory, staple" .scoured. Fine medium Territory, clothing scoured. Fine free fall, Texas scoured. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. IjOW. High. Low. High. Cts. CIS. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. CIS. Cts. Cts. Cts. 1899 16 18 16' 19 20 21 23 26 26 194 23 25 25 30 25J, 27' 26 27 30 32 34 38 38 28 32 35 36 37 27 211 274 28" 334 34 36 40 40 30 35 37 38 40 42 49 43 48 52 50 65 75 74 50 50 60 70 78 38 45 35 42 50 50 60 62 62 44 50 58 68 72 30 40 36 38 44 44 54 52 1900 55 1901 42 1902 48 1903 48 1904 56 1905 63 190G 24 25 19 23 20 28 28 27 28 28 334 33 30 34 30 36 35 35 38 38 35J 36 31 37 34 374 39 39 42 40 70 70 53 62 60 78 75 72 80 80 65 66 43 60 54 70 73 62 72 68 58 50 42 45 48 63 1907 62 1908 53 1909 62 1910 62 1911 18 22 27 32 29 34 53 62 51 60 41 50 1912 21 25 28 33 30 35 60 67 48 .59 42 48 1913. January 24 24 32 32 34 34 66 67 57 59 47 50 Febiuarv 24 24 32 32 33 34 63 65 57 58 49 50 Mai'fh 23 24 29 32 30 34 57 65 54 58 47 50 Anril 21 20 231 21 27 29 28 29 27 31 30 55 55 60 56 51 49 55 53 45 45 48 May 46 Juno 20 21 27 27 27 28 55 56 49 50 45 46 July 20 21 27 30 27 28 55 56 49 50 45 46 August 20 21 26 30 27 28 54 55 49 50 45 46 Septeml)er 20 21 25 26 27 28 53 55 48 50 45 46 Octo))er 20 21 25.4 26 27 28 53 54 46 50 43 46 November 20 21 254 20 264 28 53 54 46 48 41 45 December 20 21 25J 26 26 27 61 53 43 48 41 43 The year. 20 24 25 32 26 34 51 67 46 59 41 50 1 In spite of the decline in the number of sheep, then- value per head has increased 10 cents ^vithin a year and was S4.04 January 1, 1914. This, however, is a decline of 1.9 per cent from the price of January 1, 1910. The total value of all sheep v.n farms January 1, 1914, was -1200,803,- 000, a decline of 1 per cent from 1913 because of the decline in the number of sheep, and a decline of 7 per cent from the total for 1910 because of a decline in both number of sheep and value per head. THE AGRICULTUBAL OUTLOOK. 17 Details for immbor and value of ^illeep in the various vStates may be found in Table 14. Since 1900 sheep keeping has been declming in this countr}^ to a very marked degree. The number of sheep in that year was 61 ,500,000, while the present number is 19.2 per cent less, with a pros- pect of further diminution unless sheep are to be raised primarily for meat with wool jus a by-product. I'ER CAPITA OF TifK POPCLATIOX. The number of sheep in this country per capita of the population was 1.13 accordmg to the census of 1840. The number diminished to 0.57 of 1 sheep in 1890. During this period the census excluded spring lambs from enumeration. These were included in 1900 and subsecpiently. In 1900 the ratio per capita of population was 0.81 of 1 sheep and the ratio declined to 0.50 of 1 sheep in 1914. Details of figures may be found in Table 1 . CEOfiliAPJIIC CHAXC.ES. The most striking geographic rcdiv^tribution of a. class of farm animals from the earliest census to the present time is perhaps afforded by sheep. In 1840 the Middle Atlantic States had 36.8 per cent of all sheep on farms and New England was second with 19.8 per cent. The third place was held by the east North Central States with 16.6 per cent, while next in order were the South Atlantic States with 13.6 per cent, the east South Central States with 10.6 per cent; the west North Central States M-ith 1.9 per cent, the west South Central States witli 0.7 of 1 per cent, and no sheep at all, as far as the census ascertained, in the Mountain and Pacific States. Now New England and New York occupy the lowest and next to the .lowest place, respectively, in the possession of sheep on farms, and a little less than 5 per cent of the national total i^ possessed by each of the Sle than others. No infallible cure for stomach worms is known, but it is possible to control them economically by keeping the lamba away from the ewes except when nursing, and by a system of jaasture rotation. Unless a farmer is willmg to take precautions in the management of the flock he should nut raise sheep. Second. Cur dogs are almost as great a hindrance to the sheep industry as parasites. The only protection against them is to keep the flock during the day where it can be watched and to put it into a dog-proof inclosure at night. An authentic case has recently been reported from Michigan where a flock of more than 200 head were all run to death in one night by two cur dogs. Dog-tight night folds can be built of woven wire at small expense,' Third. Farmers have not generally recognized the proper place of the sheep in agriculture in tJie settled regions. Too much importance is placed on wool. Except on the range, where land is cheap, the wool should be regarded as an incidental— a side luie to help defray the cost of handling. Raising sheei> for wool alone does 1 Spl' Bull. 20, U. S. Dept. Agr., for details of sheep management. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 not pay on farms, and the atiempts ot fanners to make it pay is nndoubtecTly largely responsible for tlie prevailing opinion (hat sheep are not profitable on expensive land. Sheep are raised in England on some of the most expensive land in the Kingdom, but they are raised as meat animals and not as wool producers; tlie wool is a by-product, as it sliould be iu farm flocks. If o]iiy 25 per cent of the farms on which there are now no sheep should ha-\-e a flock of not over 25 or 30 ewes, managed with reasonable care and protected against dogs, not only would fann revenues be materially increased but a decided step in advan.e wonld be taken toward the solution of our meat-supply problem. SWINE. ^ythoiig;h the estimated number of swine on farms January 1, 1914, 5^,933.000, was 1.3 per cent more than the census number for 1910, tlie decline from 1913 was 3.7 per cent. This decline is partly accoimted for by the extensive prevalence of hog cholera, by high- priced c(^rn, by the deficient production of 1913 because of a severe long-continued and extensive drought and because of the high prices of swine for slaughter. Notwithstanding the high price of hogs for slaughter, farmers found that they could not profitably feed the high-])riced corn. At the same time, the price of hogs per hundred pounds was high relatively, although not as high as corn. In this situati(u\ hogs were often sent to market undersized. AVKnA(;ii: wkight of noes ox thk f.^km. The average size of hogs on the farm Janujiry 1 has never be^n directly ascertained, but it may be computed from the average price per head divided by the average price per liuudivd pounds, as ascer- tained by this ])ureau. As a result of this operation, the average weight of a hog on the farm January 1, 1914, was 145 pounds; in 1913 it was 144 pounds; in 1912, 140 pounds; and hi 1911, 131 pounds. The marketing of low-weight hogs, which has been frequently com- mented upon in live-stock and commercial papers during the last three years, is apparent m the foregoing average weights, which are appai-eutly high l^ecause the lighter hogs have been sokl off. Tiie average value of swine oit farms per head January 1, 1914^. was $10,40, or 5.5 per cent above the average value of January 1, 1913, an.d 13.4 per cent above that of 1910. In consequence of the increased value of swine per head, the total value of ail swine on fai-ms is esthnated at $612,951,000, or a gain of 1.6 per cent over 1913 and 14.9 per cent over 1910, The diminution of swine January 1, 1914, was more than counterbalanced by the increased price per head of those that were on hand. Particulars for the number and value of sv>dne are presented in Table 15 for the various States. 20 FARMEES' EX^LLETIN 515. I?ELATIOX TO POPULATION. Swine are quite as cousjjicuoiis as sheep in exliibiting a declining per capita ratio. At the time of the census of 1840^ the number of swine per capita of population was 1.54. vSteadily the ratio declined to 0.65 of 1 animal in 1S70, but from that low average there was recovery to 0.95 of 1 animal in 1880. After that year the decline was steady to 0.60 to 1 animal per capita of population in 1914. These figures may bo found in Table 1 . CHANCiES IN- (JEOORAPHIC IMPOKTANCE. Great changes have taken place in the geographic redistribution of swine since 1840, when the East South Central States led the geo- graphic divisions of the country in the possession of number of swine. The fraction of the national total in that division was then 29.1 per cent. Next in order at that time was the South xVtlantic group Avith 25.0 per cent; so that the South, east of the Mississippi Kiver, pos- sessed 54.1 per cent of the swine of the country at that date. In 1914 the leading division is the West Nortli Central States, while the division second in importance is the East North Central States. Altogether, these divisions have 59.1 per cent of the Nation's swine, or i\ little more than the South east of the Mississippi Kiver possessed in 1840 as a fraction of the Nation's total. In 1914 the division that is third in importance in the possession of swine is the West South Central, \\dth the fraction of 11.7 per cent of the Njition's swine. After tliis follow in order the South Atlantic States with 1 1 .2 per cent, the East South Central States with 9.9 per cent, the Middle Atlantic States with 3.5 per cent, the Pacific States with 2.4 per cent, the Mountain States with 1.5 per cent, and New England with 0.7 of 1 per cent. Details of tlie geogi'aphic distribution mav be found in Table 2. COMMERCIAL MOVEMENT. Hogs are more i^roUfic than any other farm animal and conse- quently contribute a larger number to slaughter than any other class. In seven markets the receipts of hogs from 1900 to 1913 may be found expressed in Table 3. Swine have the ability to recuperate in num- bers after extraordinary losses more quickly than any other class of animals . For illustration, it may be observed that in 1 908 an extremely large number of hogs were received at these seven principal markets, and that w\as the year when there was a large slaughter of production stock. The marketing of the two following years indicate as much, but in the third year thereafter there had been recuperation. In 1013 the hogs received at these markets numbered 19,924,331, which was somewhat under the 20,265,667 received in 1912. The receipts in 1913 at these seven markets have been exceeded in 1901, 1908, 1911, and 1912. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. . 21 HOKSES. XUMBKK MAINTAINED ACAJNST OBSTACLES. In the days of the bicycle's rapid increase iu popularit}'^, it was sup- posed that the horse would be considerably displaced by that machine. Then came the use of electric power for urban and suburban street cars, and this was in turn followed by the automobile, which, in pop- ular belief; is pushing the horse toward extinction. A little-noticed competition to the horse is the increasing use of farm tractors, most of whicli receive their power from gasoline. In spite of every thmg that has been threatening, the hoi'ses of the census of 1910, which numbered 19,833,000, have increased to 20,902,000 January 1, 1914, or 5.7 per cent. The increase over 1913 is 1.9 per cent. Although the horses are maintauiing their numbers and, indeed, are increasing, the relative importance of breeds is changing. The au- tomobile is having the effect of diminishing the number of light driv- ing horses, and, notwithstanding the increased use of autotrucks, the iiumber of heavy draft horses has much increased in importance. The old-time prairie ponies have been substantially pushed aside by the better-bred horse. In Texas, for instance, these ponies have been mostly eliminated with the disappearance of ranches and the develop- ment of agriculture, which demands horses of better blood and liigher value. On the otlier hand, there is a decUnc in tlie number of horses in California, owing to an unusually extensive and general use of auto- trucks and traction engines. The value of horses per head January 1, 1914, is $109.32, a decrease of 1.3 per cent from 1913, but an mcrease of 1.2 per cent over 1910. As a result of a larger number of horses in 1914 than in 1913, although the value per head is lower, the total value of all horses on farms January 1, 1914, is $2,291,638,000, or an increase of 0.6 per cent over 1913 and of 7 per cent over 1910. The value and number of horses on farms January 1, 1914, was thehighest ever reached hi this country. Details for number and value of horses in the separate States may be found in Table 16. The average value of horses per head is based on horses of all ages and breeds. In connection with this average, m recent years, it may bo mentioned that this bureau recently ascertained that the cost of raismg a horse until 3 years old, as a general average for the United States, was $104.05, from which should be subtracted the average value of the work done, $7.52, leaving the net cost at $96.53, which, at the time when the cost was determined, was 70.9 per cent of the 22 farmers' bulletin 575. farm value of a 3-year old. The most imporkxnt element in the cost of raismg a horse was the cost of feed, which amounted to 54.1 per cent of the total cost. PER CAPrrA OF POPULATION. The number of horses on farms can be better understood if they are compared with population. In 1850 there was 0. 19 of 1 horee per cap- i(a of population, and the ratio remained about the same until about 1890 and 1900, when the ratio was 0.24 of 1 horse. After 1900 the ratio dechned to 0.21 of 1 horse in 1914, or to as high a ratio as existed before 1890 and to a higher one than existed before 1880. For figures relating to the per capita ratios, Table 1 may be examined. MULES. NUMBEK AND VALUE. Mules as well as horses have been more than maintained in iiumber. From the census number of mules m 1910, the increase is to 4,449,000, the ]iumber for January 1, 1914, or 5.7 per cent, and the increase in 1914 over 1913 is 1.4 per cent. There has been a slight falling off in the average value of farm mules per head January 1, 1914, as compared with the preceding year, and the latter value, $123.85, is 0.4 of 1 per cent lower than the former, but the increase over 1910 is 3 per cent. In consequence of the increased number, in spite of the diminished value per head the total value of all mules on farms reached the heretofore luiequaled total of $551,017,000 January 1, 1914, which was an increase of 11 per cent over 1913 and of 8.9 per cent over 1910. State details of number and value of mules are given in Table 17. The mule is the only farm animal covered by this report which has increased per capita of population. The ratio in 1850 was 0.02 of 1 jnule per capita of population and the ratio remamed substan- tially at 0.04 of 1 mule from 1860 to 1900, after which it rose to 0.05 of 1 mule per capita of the population. The uicreased use of mules has followed the expansion of cotton growing and perhaj^s this fact more than anything else has caused the increase of number and of per capita number of mules. SUMMAEY OF NUMBER AND TOTAL VALUE. It remains now to aggregate the farm animals for number and total value. The cattle of January 1, 1914, according to the esti- jiiates, had a total of 56,592,000 head, and this was an increase of 0.1 per cent from 1913 and a decrease of 8.4 per cent from 1910. The aggregate value, however, on account of the great increase in the average valiie per head, became $2,234,820,000 for January 1, 1914, for all cattle, or an increase of 19.4 per cent over 1913 and 47.7 j^er cent over 1910. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 23 Although difforhig widely in the uses and valiits per head, the farm animals covered by this report, namely, horses, mules, niileh cows, otlicr cattle, sheep; and swine, are aggi-egatcd for aeveral years for the purpose of a rough comparison. Tlie total aggregate number of these six classes of animals, as determined by the census of 1910, was 196,480,000 head. In 1913 the number was estimated bytliis bureau v.t 194,140,000, and the estimate of January 1, 1914, is 190,655,000 head, a decrease of 1.8 per cent from 1013 and of 3 per cent from 1910. On the other liand increases, are found in aggre- gate values. For 1910 the value of these six classes of farm animals was $4,910,975,000; tor 1913, $5,501,783,000; and for 1914, $5,891,- 220,000, or an increase of 7.1 per cent over 1913 and of 20 per cent over 1910. BKEKDIXC FP^MALKS. An important change occurred in the relative number of the breed- ing females in the case of cattle and sheep from 1900 to 1910. In 1900 the cows and heifers were 53 per cent of j;11 cattle, but the per- centage increased to 65 in 1910, showing how much more clbselv the other members of the herds had been sold off. The com|)Utatlon for owes shows that tliey were 52 per cent of all sheep in 1900, but had become 60 per cent in 1910. The explanation is doubtless the same as the one for cattle. MEAT PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION. A NATIONAL PROBLEM. Four distinctive classes of meat animals su])ply nearly the enth'e meat production of this country. These are milch cows, other cattle, slieep, and swine. Milch cows have maintained a substan- tially uniform number since the census of 1910 and then declined relative to population. There has been a decided absolute dechne in the number of other cattle and a considerable decHne of sheep, with the prospect of continued decline until the sheep industry can be established primarily on a meat basis with w^ool as a b}^-product. Swine have declined dunng tlie last three years, but still the number is absolutely larger than in 1910, althotigh the per capita number is di- miiiisliing. In view of these circumstances, a statement of wluit is known with regard to the production and consumption of meat in this country must be of national interest. AMOUNTS EXPRESSED IN DRESSED WEIGHT. It lias been estimated by this bureati that the production of meat in 1900 amounted to 16,052,000,000 pounds, as customarily ex- pressed in dressed weight, but including lard. This does not include the extra edible parts, sucli as lieart, liver, tongue, etc. 24 FARMERS BULLETIN 515, Of this production; 2,433,000,000 pounds were exported, so tiiat the consumption amounted to 13,619,000,000 pounds, di'essed weight. The consumption of ])eef in 1900 disposed of 5,853,000,000 pounds; of veal, 758,000,000 pounds; total beef and veal, 6,611,- 000,000 ])Ounds; of mutton and lamb, 587,000,000 pounds; of pork excluding lard, 5,405,000,000 pounds; of lard, 1,017,000,000 pounds; total pork, including lard, 6,422,000,000 pounds. An estimate of the production of meat in 1909, partly resting on the method previously adopted by this bureau, but takhig advantage of additional information provided by the census, Avas made by Mr. John Kol)evts, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and published in the annual report of that bureau for 1911. In this estimate the production of meat in 1909, on the basis of dressed weight, including lard, was 16,863,000,000 pounds, or 811.000,000 pounds more than in 1900. The exports, however, declined to 1,263,000,000 pounds, or almost exactly one-half the exports of 1900, and the meat remaining for consumption, as expressed iji dressed weight, was 15,600,000,000 pounds, or 1,981,000,000 pounds more than in 1900. Tlie consumption of beef increased durhig the nine years to7,27'6,- 000,000 pounds, or 1,423,000,000 pounds mors than in 1900, but the consumption of veal fell to 683,000,000 pounds, or 75,000,000 be- low the amount of 1900. The mutton and lamb co]isum]:)tion in 1909 is estimated at 596,- 000,000 pounds, or an increase of 9.000,000 pounds above the con- sumption of 1900. The pork and lard consumption for 1909 presents an .increase of 612,000,000 pounds for 1909, as compared with 1900, and amounted to 7,034,000,000 pounds. An estimate of ihe consumption of goat meat in 1909 results in 11,773,000 pounds. PER CAPITA RATIOS. Still bearing in mind tliat tlie foi'egoing figures stand for dressed meat weight and exclude the many extra edibl(> parts that .go into consumption, a comparison of 1909 with 1900 ma}^ be made with regard to per capita production and consum})tion of meat that is embraced in the description '^ dressed weight." By a rough and very imperfect computation, the production and consumption of meat in 1914 an estimated and these estimates in per capita form of expression are inti'oduced foi- expanding the com- parison. The per ca])ita production of dressed weight meat dechned from 211.2 pounds in 1900 to 186.2 pounds in 1909 and to 160.6 pounds for 1914, and the per capita exports of meat declined from 32 pounds in 1900 to 14 i:)ounds in 1909, and to 8.7 pounds in the fiscal year 1913. ,' THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25 Tlie oonsiimptioii of meat, dressed weiglit, per capita, declined fi-om 179.2 pounds in 1900 to 172.3 pounds in 1909, and then to 151.9 pounds for 1914. Comparison of 1909 with 1900 witli regard to different kinds of meat is not extended to 1914. For beef there was an increase of per capita consumption fi'om 77 to 80.3 pounds, but the consumption of veal declined from 10 to 7.6 pounds, so that the per capita con- sumption of beef and veal increased almost 1 pound, or from 87 to 87.9 pounds. The per caj^ita consumption of mutton and lamb fell from 7.7 pounds to 6.6 pounds from 1900 to 1909, and the per capita con- sumption of pork, including lard, declined from 84.5 to 77.7 pounds. Goat meat wus consumed to the extent of 0.13 of 1 pound per capitsv in 1909. DRESSED WEIGHT AND EXTRA EDIBLE PARTS. The foregoing numbers refer to meat production and consumption in terms of (hessed weight and are faiily comparable with similar numbers for foreign countries. The dressed w(4ght basis is the one commonly adopted. There is a large, production of meat, however, which has been termed " extra edible parts." These are not included in dressed weight. This bureau has estimated the production of meat embraced within the description of "extra edible parts" for 1900, and a similar estimate has been made by Mr. Roberts, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, for 1909; a very rough and imperfect calculation of this production has been added for 1914. Tlie years 1900, 1909, and 1914 may now^ be compared with one another with regard to the production and consumption of all meat; tliat is, tlie dressed-weight meat, plus the extra edible parts. The extra edible parts contributed 2,601,000,000 pounds of meat to the dressed weight in 1900 and 2,366,000,000 pounds in 1909, so that the per capita consumption of meat in dressed weight was increased on this account by 34.2 pounds in 1900 and by 26.1 pounds in 1909. The per capita consumption of meat, including extra edible parts, was 213.4 pounds in 1900, 198.4 pounds in 1909, 160.3 pounds for 1914; and the total consumption was 16,220,000,000 pounds in 1900, 17,966,000,000 pounds in 1909, and, as roughly estimated, of 15,810,- 000,000 pounds of meat in 1914. The total production of meat, including extra edible parts, was 18,653,000,000 pounds in 1900, or 245.5 pounds per capita; it was 19,229,000,000 pounds in 1909, or 212.3 pounds per capita; and the estimate for 1914 is 16,675,000,000 pounds, or 169 pounds per capita. During the nine years from 1900 to 1909 the total meat production, including extra edible j^arts, increased 576,000,000 pounds, or 3.1 per cent; but from 1900 to 1914 the meat production decreased 1,978,000,000 pounds, or 10.6 per cent. The total meat consump- 26 FABMEES BULLETIK 575. tiou, including extra edible parts, incre.used 1,746,000,000 pounds, or 10.8 per cent, from 1900 to 1909; but from 1900 to lOU tho estimate indicates a decrease of 410,000,000 pounds, or 2.5 per cent. The exports of meat decreased 1,170,000,000 pounds, or -IS.l per cent, from 1900 to 1909, and the decrease from 1900 to the fecal year 1913 was 1,068,146.000 pounds, or 64.5 per cent. The population increased 19.2 per cent from 1900 to l!>09, and the estimate of increase for 1914 over 1900 is 29.8 per cent. Finally, it may be stated that the per capita consumption of meat, including the extra echble parts, decreased 7 per cent from 1900 to 1909, and 24,9 per cent from 1900 to 1914. The production and con- sumption of dressed-weight meat are expressed in tabular form in Table 5. Table 5. — Estimated iotnl nnd per cupiUi. produrtioti and consumption of meet. 19 7, with specification of the countries from which the imports were consigned. The meats are expressed as fresh and fi'ozen beef and veal, mutton, and pork; canned beef and veal, and other meats; cured beef and pork; sausage; oleo-stearin, and other meat products. The total number of pounds of meat and meat products imported and not coiulemned in October, 1913, was 6,000,735; in November, 11,820,889; in December, 16,074,520 jwunds; total, three months, 33,896,144 pounds. The condemned meat of the three months weighed 17,493 pounds. 28 FAKMEKS BULLETIN 575. The principal countries contributing to the total were, in order of magnitude of contributions, Argentina, Canada, and Australia. Table 7 may be examined for further d(^tails. Tablk 7. — Iniporlal meat and principal meat products from, principal countries, in- spected by the Bureau of Animal Industry, October to December, 191S. Moil 111 unci couniry from which eoTi signed. i Total not con- demned. Fresh and frozen. Canned. Beef and veal. Mutton. Pork. Beef and veal. other meats. 1913. ©clober: Pounds. 2,115,864 807, 604 2,501,108 15,272 559, 843 1,044 Pounds. 2, 069, 794 653, 145 2, 337, 272 5,357 559, 843 Pounds. Po2mds. Pounds. Pounds. 2,179 958 9,915 152, 280 25,3.38 5,942 30 Total 6, 000, 735 5,62.5,411 13,052 5,942 177,648 November: Ar},'pn(inu. 4, 093, 836 1,917,538 5,625,402 40, 8,58 143,255 3,98.8,898 1,681,156 4,811,998 27.073 179 10,204 31,025 230,571 36, 778 5,811 Canada 5, 708 13,785 1,000 174,019 2,376 1,499 175 Total . . 11,820,889 10,509,304 30,697 174,019 299,873 8,362 Decem))er: 10,354,674 1,8.54,895 2,601,273 477, 2f.6 129,279 25,417 ■194,454 137,262 9, 440, 488 1,289,143 2,057,481 237, 422 80,918 8,254 1.30,176 483,894 8,366 8S0 132,243 1,644 293 25,417 494,454 545 54 13,360 4, 673 Total 16,074,520 13,307,276 326,648 132,243 636,341 7,197 Month and oountrv from Cui •ed. Pan sage. Oleo .stearin. Other meat products. Con- which consi.Laied. Beef. Pork. demned. 1913. October ; Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 46,070 Pounds. Pounds. 795 8, 575 114,214 3 8,806 3,870 25 250 764 1 Total 8,575 114,464 767 46,070 8,806 4,690 November: 63, 709 4f,2 658 114, 130 170 458,417 16, 191 90S 13,371 21,068 13,049 110,670 IS Total 114,300 474,608 14,279 174,379 21,068 14,187 December: 546,588 i 816 60 2,545 i 149,004 929 70 198, 164 1 43,572 1 11,723 476,337 24,638 103, 733 1... .:.:....: 1 21 1 4,9-33 7,300 j 53, 163 36, 205 22,000 ; 507 Total 157,303 j 275,965 142,543 1,044,925 44,079 17, 493 THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 OLD AND NEW TARIFF RATES. For its bearing on the siij^ply of meat and meat products from other countries a concise statement of the old and new tariff rates on meat animals and some of their products and on dairy products ]ias l)een prepared and m-ay be found in Table 8. It mil be observed tliat tlu> meat animals may be imported free of duty and also all me;'.ts. whereas formerly rates of duty were provided. Taulk S. — Old iiml uen: tariff rates on nuat animals and on principal meat and meat- animal products. Commodity. Before Oct. 4, 191.3. Oct. 4, 1913, and after. Animals: Asses. (ioais. . Horses. Mules. .Sheep. .Swine Dairy products Butter Cheese Cream Milk Hides and skins, raw. Meat: Beef and ven!. . . . Mutton and lai)ib Pork .Sansage . Wool.... Breeding purposes and team.s of immi.ia'ants free; all other, 20 per cent ad valorem. Breedins purposes and teams of immigrants, free: all other: Less than 1 year, S2 per head; all other, worth not over SH, .$.3.75 per head; worth over S14, 274 per cent ad valorem. 20 per cent ad valorem Breeding purposes and teams of immigrants, free: all other: Worth ^\M or less per head, S30; worth over $1.50, 2.5 jjer cent ad valorem. Same as horses Breeding purposes, free; all other: Less than 1 year old, 75 cents per head; 1 year old and over, .?1..^0. Breeding i^urposes, free; all other, Sl.OT per head <) cents per pound do ."i cents per gallon Fresh, 2 cents per gallon; condensed and evapo- rated. 2 cents per pound. Free Fresh lieef, U cents per pound; other beef, 2.5 per cent ad valorem; veal, li cents per pound. lA cents per jiound Fresh, lA cents per pound; bacon and hams, -t cents ])er pound; other pork, 25 per cent ad valorem. Bologna, or frankfurter, free; other sausage. 25 per cent ad valorem. Class 1 . clot hing, etc., wools: Unwashed, 11 cents per pound; washed, 22 cent.s; scouretl,33 cents. Class 2, combing, etc., wools: Unwashed, 12 cents per pound; washe cents. C'lass 3: Valtie not over 12 cents per pound, 12 cents; over 12 cents, 21 cents. Breeding purpo.ses and teams of immigrants, free; all other, 10 per cent ad va- lorem. Free. Free. Breeding purpo.ses and teams of irrimigrants, ft-ee; all other, 10 per cent ad va- lorem. Same as horses. Free. Free. 2'. cents ])er potmd. 23 per cent ad valorem. Free. Free. Free. Free. I- ice. Free. Free on ;inroducers on December 1 and the following March 1, in th<^ important po tato-gro \sdng States. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 31 OOMPAUISON WITH IMPORTS. The relation between imports of j)otatoes and production in this countiy may be observed in Table 9. In this table it appears at a glance that the extraordinary importation of nearly 14.000,000 bushels of potatoes, in the year beginning July 1, 1911, was in consequence of the extraordinaiy low production of that year. When an unusually large crop was harvested in the following year, the imports fell to only 337,230 bushels. It is apparent, also, that the imports of potatoes already received in this fiscal year are un- usually large in comparison with the crop of 1913, which may be rated as low medium. Table 9. — Imports of potatoes. Year bc^iimiiiiK .lulv \- 1009 1910 1911 1912(prelirainaiv). 1913 MONTH, I'.tVi. July August September , October . . . Nuveiuber. Imports. 353. 208 218,984 13, 734, t;95 Si-. 230 5.310 10,411 8,100 472. 052 764,829 Value. United States prodiKtiou in calendar year. ?306, 815 235, 847 7,10.=.,(;27 303, 214 4,314 7,768 5.61G 202, 356 346.079 Bu^shels. 389.195,000 349,032,000 292.737,000 420.(J47,0(K) 331.525,000 WHEAT CROP OF THE "WORLD." NOW EXCEEDS 4,000,000,000 BUSHELS. A full Statement of the estimated area and production of wheat for 1913 and also for the preceding two years, for aU countries of the world for which information is obtainable, may be found in Table 19. Estimates of tliis sort have been made b}' the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) for many years. The numbers expressmg total production for these years have ])een assembled in Table 10. It appears that the world s production of wheat, as far as ascertain- able, was 2,432,000,000 bushels in 1S91; that the number reached 3,000.000,000 in 1902, when the total was 3,090,000,000 bushels; and thai 4,000,000,000 was reached in 1913, when the total was 4,126.000,000 bushels. B2 FAEMERS BULLETIN 575. Table 10. — TvUd production of wheat in i-ountrles named in Tabic 19. Yew. 189L 1892. 1«93. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. JOOL 1902. Pjodiiction. BusheU. 432, 322. 000 481,805,000 550,174,000 660,557,000 393,312,000 500,320,000 230, 268, 000 948,306,000 783,885,000 640,751,000 955,975,000 090,116,000 Year. Production. 190;? 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Busheh. 189,813,000 163,542,000 327,084,000 434,354,000 133,905,000 182,105,000 681,519,000 575,055,000 538, 794, 000 877,087,000 125,658 000 CROP-VALUE COMPARISONS. The estimated total value of corn, wheat, oats, bailey, rye, buck- wheat, flaxseed, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, hay, tobacco, and lint cotton are given in Table 1 1 ; values are farm values on December 1 as estimated by the Department of Agriculture, except for cotton. For cotton^ values for 1909 and 1911 are those given by the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, for lint from the crops ginned in 1909-10 and 1911-12, respectively; for 1912 and 1913 the December farm price for cotton was applied to the Department of Agriculture's preliminary estimate of the production of lint cotton in 19r2-1.3 and 1913-14, respectively. Tablk U. Kffi'niuiti'd riiiac in 1913 of crops considered by the United Slates Department of Afjricnlture, iritk comparisons. Value of crops enumerated (000 omitted). 'I'exas Iowa Illinois (Jeorgia Ohio Minnesota Indiana Missouri Pennsylvania.. Nebraska Alabama Wisconsin North Carolina New York South Carolina. S400, 231 327. 996 295,046 217, 753 212,434 194,178 185,917 174,620 108, 998 162, 078 166, 175 155, 465 160, 203 148, 767 139. 076 1912 S409, 974 284, 589 290, 071 164.573 190, 821 160,615 153,750 197, 470 176,365 141, 634 132, 752 139, 032 132, 580 152, 533 116,020 .•iS287, 2S7 279, 238 318.000 199'. 669 215, 866 176, 759 179, 556 187,302 164, 083 153, 336 135,083 161,419 122, 613 161,785 121.244 1909 (census). Value of all crops, 1£09 (census). (000 omit- ted) $244, 721 287, 065 342, 861 176,959 197, 288 168, 706 181,234 188, 524 130, QIO 173,512 108, 095 121.048 102, 783 132. 620 109. 690 .15298, 133 314, 666 372, 270 226, 595 230, 338 193, 451 204, 210 220, 664 166, 740 196, 126 144, 287 148, 359 142, 890 209, 168 141,983 Value of enu- mer- ated crops, 1909, com- pared with value of all crops. P.ct. 82 91 92 78 86 Hank of Staie. Enumer- ated crops. All crops. Vahip. 1913 com- pared with 1912. P.ct. -2.4 + 15.3 + 1.7 + 32.3 + 11.3 +20.9 + 20.9 -11.6 -4.2 + 14.4 + 17.6 + 11.8 + 13.3 — 2. 5 + 19.9 1913 com- pared with 1909. P.ct. +63.5 + 14.3 -13.9 + 23.1 + 7.7 + 15.1 + 2.6 -7.4 +.30. -6.6 + 44.5 + 28.4 + 46.1 + 12.2 + 26.8 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 33 Table 11. -Estimated value in 1913 of crops considord by tJie Unihd Slates Department of Agricull are, viik coinparisous- -( 'outimied. State. Mississippi Kansas Michigan Tennessee Oklahoma Xcntucky North Dakota . . Arkansas Virginia South Dakota. . i^alifornia Louisiana Washington Colorado ■\Vest Virginia. . Montana Oregon Maine Idaho Maryland New Jersey Vermont Florida Comieotieut. . .. Massachusetts.. ITtah Wyoming NcAV Hampshire Nevada New Mexico Arizona ])elavvare Rhode Island... United States Value of I rops enumerated, omitted.) 1913 130, 622 124, 136 122, 555 114, 249 111,532 110,654 105, 356 103. 132 100,807 94, 397 88, 897 73, 335 73, 2i6 43,149 42, 213 41,214 40, 069 35,553 35,294 35, 089 30, 33 24,332 19, 68K 18,930 18, 432 17,698 12,851 11,201 9, 980 9,01 8,818 7,810 2,451 4,905,881 ] 14, 609 182, H-:i 116,209 107. 490 123, 733 116,848 155, 110 97,312 81,476 99, 600 101.609 64,658 68, 279 38,846 41,865 40,419 41,3 35,573 33, 499 35, 83 29,782 26, 70 16,99' 21,543 19, 555 17,446 13. 732 11,9.38 9.009 7, 840 7,511 7,971 2, 327 4,735,425 103, 565 1.56, 713 149, 148 111,646 8S, 674 110,159 130, 664 92,421 75, 613 60,659 105, 304 58, 091 75, 458 35, .309 31, 139 40,207 40, 691 39, 670 40, 019 34,569 28, 19:-! 21, 158 18, 203 20,1 SI 17,771 15,969 14,t)69 11,977 9, 257 11,138 7,448 8,357 2, 461 1 4,632, 740 1909 (census). Value of all crops, 1909 (census). (000 omit- ted.) 107, 054 189, 091 114,808 93,341 112,344 114,202 168, 292 86,611 71.153 109, 3.53 71,994 47,577 64, 340 31,416 27, 749J 22, .394 33,140 27, 836 28, 816 31,454 23, 396 18,5 14,9.32 14,872 14,916 13, 6,82 7,508 9, 233 4,082 5,591 3,993 6,543 2, 030 24,357,595 147, 316 214, 860 162. 005 120. 706 1.33, 454 1.38, 973 180. 636 119; 419 100, 531 125, .507 153,111 77, 336 78, 92 50.975 40,375 29, 715 49,041 39,318 34,358 43, 920 40, .341 27,447 36, 142 22, 488 31, 948 18,485 10, 023 15,976 5,924 8,922 5,49' 9,122 3,93' 5, 486, 615 Value of enu- mer- ated crops, 1909, com- pared with value of all crops. P.ct. 73 ,S.8 71 Enumer- ated crops. All crops. 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 3 38 39 40 I 4ll 42| ■43 44 45 46 47 47 44 48 48 1913 com- pared with 1912. P.ct. -t-14.0 -32.1 -t- 5.5 -f 6.3 -12.0 - 5.3 -32.1 -t- 6.0 + 23.7 -5.3 -12.5 -t-13.4 -f 7.3 -fll.l + 0.8 1913 com- pared with 1909. P.ct. +22.0 -34.4 + C.7 +22.4 - 3.1 -37.4 + 19.1 + 41.7 - 13.7 + 23.5 + 51.1 + 13.8 + 37.3 + 52.1 + 2.0+ 81.0 3. 2 + 2i). 9 0.1+ 27.7 + 5.4 + 22.5 - 2.11+ 11.6 + 1.9+ 29.7 - 8.9+ 31.0 + 15.8+ 31.9 -12.1+ 27.3 - 5.7+ 23.6 + 1.4 + 29.4 - 0.4 + 71.2 - 6.2+ 21.3 + 10.8+144.5 + 15.0+ 61.3 + 17.4 - 2.0 + 5.3 + 3.6 + 120.8 + 19.4 + 20.7 + 12.6 ' Includes $800,000 for cotton in Arizona, California, Kansas, Kentucky, and New Mexico, not distributed by States. 2 Includes $150,00;} for cotton in Arizona, California, Kansas, Kentuckv, and New Mexico, not distributed by Stales. G. K. Holmes, Bureau of Statistics {AgncuUural Forecasts). 34 FAEMEKS BULLETIN i>75. Table 12. — Cattle other than, milch cows: Estimated iiumher on farms, and value, Jan. 1, 1914, with comparisons, by States. state. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts. . . Rhode I'iland . . . Connecticut New York New Jersej" Pennsj'lvania.. . Delavi'are Maryland Virginia West Virffinia... North Carolina. . South Carolina.. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan AVisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. . . South Dakota... Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana AVyomtug Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon Californifi United States Numlj Dakota ■South Dakota Ne))raska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi lyouisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkausas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States Number fOOO omitted). Jan. 1, 1914 (e-st.) Perct.i 95 92 95 90 100 97 100 99 97 100 99 98 96 9S 98 99 95 94 95 99 96 100 100 95 95 104 98 100 90 94 97 105 96 105 95 84 100 96 92 102 99 102 101 101 101 98 Total. 177 39 111 31 20 875 31 839 8 223 735 788 177 33 166 118 3,263 1,238 984 2,118 789 570 1,249 1,568 278 617 374 316 1,267 124 202 180 2,052 124 4,293 4,472 1,668 3,036 1,601 1,970 1,517 2,981 50(1 2,670 2,551 49,719 Jan. 1, 1913 (est.). 186 42 117 34 21 875 31 865 225 750 821 ISl 34 169 119 3,435 1,317 1,036 2, 139 822 570 1,249 1,650 293 593 382 316 1,320 724 132 208 171 2,073 71 130 5,111 4,472 1,737 3,300 1,570 1,990 1,487 2,951 501 2,644 2,603 61,482 Apr. 15, 1910 (cen- sus). 206 44 119 33 22 930 31 883 8 237 805 910 214 38 188 114 3.909 1,337 1,060 2. 306 930 6:58 1,146 1,811 293 611 294 272 l,3ti3 795 143 195 178 1,809 62 144 5,. 381 5,397 1,426 3,347 1,227 1,827 1,155 3,011 470 2, 699 2,417 52,448 Value per head, Jan. 1- «4. .30 4.40 4.80 5.30 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.60 4.90 5.10 5.00 4.50 4.30 3.20 2.60 2.10 1.90 4.30 4.90 5.00 4.60 4.70 4.40 5.30 4.20 4.20 4.00 4.50 4. 50 4.20 3.40 2.40 2.30 2.20 2.90 4.00 2.60 3.70 4.10 3.70 3.00 3.60 3.90 4.50 4.20 4.40 3. 90 3.80 4.04 S4. 20 4.90 4.60 4.80 5.10 5.20 5.00 5.30 5.00 4.70 4.60 4.00 4.30 3.10 2.80 1.90 2.10 4.10 4.60 5.10 4.30 4. .50 4.40 5. 10 4.20 3.90 4.10 4.40 4.00 4.00 3.10 2.10 2.20 2.00 2.90 3.60 2.40 3.70 4.10 3.60 3.10 3.70 4.10 4.00 4.00 4.20 3.80 3.70 $3.70 3.70 4.00 4.20 4.20 4.70 5.00 5.20 4.80 4.60 4.70 3.90 4.30 2.60 2.40 2. 20 2.00 4.80 5.20 5.:30 4.70 4.50 4.00 5. 30 4.40 4.00 4.00 4.40 4.70 4.00 3.40 2.00 1.90 1.90 2.90 3.30 2.30 4.20 4.40 3.80 2.90 3.70 4.10 3.70 4.70 3.90 3.70 3.30 Total value, Jan. I (000 omitted;. $761 172 533 164 38 108 4,725 174 4,111 41 1,115 3.308 3,388 566 86 349 224 14,031 6,066 4,920 9,743 3. 708 2, 508 6, 620 6,586 1,168 2, 468 1,683 1,422 5,321 2,339 298 465 396 5,951 300 322 15,884 18,335 6,172 0,108 5,764 7,683 6, 826 12, 520 2,226 10,413 9, 094 4.12 200,803 8781 206 538 163 36 109 4, 375 164 4,325 38 1,035 3,000 3,530 561 95 321 250 14, 084 6, 058 5, 2S4 9,198 3. 699 2, .508 6,370 6,930 1,143 2,431 1,681 1,454 5,280 2,244 277 458 342 0,012 256 312 18,911 18,335 6,253 10, 230 5,809 8,159 5,948 11,804 2,104 10,047 9,t>31 202, 779 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. - Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 37 Table 15. — Su-int: Eatimaled number on. /amis, and lalin comparisons, by States. Jan. 1. 1914, icith Statp. Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Conneoticiit Hew York New Jersey Pennsylvania... Dclav.are Mary land Virginia West \irginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia . Florida. . Ohio.... Indiana . lULnois. . Michigan.. Wisconsin. Minnesota. Iowa Missouri... North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee. . Alabama. . . Mississippi. Louisiana . . Te.xas Oklahoma.. Arkansas Montana Wyoming. . . Colorado New Mexico . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Ore;;on California. . . Number (ndO omitted ). Value per head, Jan. 1 Jan. 1, 1914 i (est-)- I Jan. 1, 1913 (est.). Per ct.i Total United States. 96 98 99 92 100 99 99 99 100 100 99 104 103 102 102 103 103 102 107 101 100 101 84 80 104 8.5 90 92 03 102 99 99 105 102 9S 120 125 100 108 105 105 104 108 97 51 lOG 106 14 753 158 1.130 58 332 869 367 1,362 780 1,945 904 3, 467 3,969 4,358 1,313 2.050 1,430 6,976 4,250 428 1,039 3, 228 2,350 1,507 1,390 1,485 1,467 1,398 2,618 1,352 1.498 184 51 205 56 24 85 33 252 110 284 112 300 97 I 797 96.3 58,933 101 52 107 115 14 58 761 160 1,1.30 58 335 836 356 1.335 765 1,888 878 3,399 3,709 4,315 1,313 2,030 1,702 8,720 4,087 366 1,181 3,798 2,611 1,638 1,495 1,456 1,482 1,412 2,493 1,325 1,529 153 41 205 2:j 81 32 233 258 268 822 Apr 15, 1910 (cen- .sus) Tolal value, Jan. 1 (000 omitted). 61, 178 87 45 95 103 14 tiGn 147 978 49 302 798 328 1.228 665 1.784 810 3, 106 3,614 4, 686 1,240 1,809 1,520 7, 646 4,438 332 1,010 3,436 3,000 1,492 1,388 1,267 1,292 1,328 2,336 1, 519 99 34 179 46 17 64 23 $15. SO 14.80 14.10 14.50 15.20 16.30 14. 50 13.60 13. 80 10.30 10.50 8.30 10.10 206 218 767 $12. 90 12.70 12.20 13.00 14.50 14.00 12.60 13. 00 12. .50 11.20 9.80 7.00 9.00 58, 186 9.00 7.70 9.10 8.50 8.20 7.10 6.00 5.90 11.30 10.80 10. .30 9.80 10.80 10.50 12.30 10.80 13. 00 11.60 14.00 12.70 12. 60 12.00 8.50 8.50 13.20 13. 70 11.30 11.00 11.80 11.40 10.00 10.40 7.70 7.10 8.50 7.40 8.50 6.80 8.10 6.90 8.00 7.fX) 8.60 8.40 8.40 8.90 7.40 6.70 11.90 11.90 12.40 11.00 10.50 11.00 10.10 9.60 9.60 11.50 10.90 11.00 12.60 11.00 10.70 10. 30 12.70 11.30 11.00 9.50 10.50 9.20 10.40 9.86 S11.50 11.60 10.00 11,50 12.50 12.50 11.. 50 12.00 9.60 8.70 8.90 6. 50 7.70 7.20 7.20 7.00 4. 80 10.70 10.00 10.90 10.50 11.80 11.50 11.30 7.90 11.00 11.10 11.00 10.00 6.80 6. .50 6.00 5. .50 5.50 6.60 7.70 4.80 10/10 8.50 9.50 8.50 9. ,50 9.00 9.00 8.70 9.40 8.20 8.20 .«1.533 '755 1,495 i;537 213 929 10,918 2,149 15. 594 597 3.486 7,213 3, 707 12,258 7,098 15,94(> 5, 424 39,177 40,881 47,066 16. 1.50 26, MO 20,020 87,898 36, 125 5, 650 11,741 38,090 23,500 11,604 11,815 12, 622 ll,8.s:i 11,184 22, 515 11,357 11,0N5 2, 190 632 2,152 566 230 926 416 2,696 3,607 3,300 8,368 9.17 612,951 $1,303 j 660 1,305 1,495 203 812 9,589 2,080 14,125 650 3.283 5,852 3,204 10,280 6,502 13,405 5,180 36, 709 36,. 348 45,308 14,180 23,548 21,615 104,640 34, 740 5,014 12,991 43, 297 27, 154 11,630 11,063 9,901 10, 226 9,884 20, 941 11,792 10, 244 1,821 451 2,256 499 264 891 362 2,400 2,915 2,546 7,562 19102 $1,000 518 950 1,184 175 050 7,659 1,764 9.291 426 2, 088 5,187 2,526 8,842 4,788 12,488 3,888 33,234 36,140 51,077 13, 083 21,340 17,480 85,270 35, 060 3,652 11,211 37, 796 30,000 10, 146 9,022 7,602 7,106 7,304 15, 418 14,160 7,291 1,000 289 1,700 391 162 576 207 1,549 1,9.36 1,788 6,289 533,309 ' Compared v.ith Jan. 1, 1913. * 15a?ed on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agi'ieulture's estimated farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. 38 farmers' bulletin 575. Table Hi.— Horses: Estimated numhcr on farms, and value, Jan. 1. 1914. ^cith comparisons, by States. Nivmlser (000 omiltedj. Maine New Hampshit'e Vermont Massachusetts... Rhode island . . . Connecticut... . New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . .. Dciu r/are Maryland Virginia West Vii-ginia... North Carolina . . South Carolina. . Georgia . Florida . Ohio.... Indiana . Illinois.. Michigan... Wisconsin . . MLniiesota.. Iowa Missouri . . . Novlh Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Jan. 1, 1914 (est.). Per ct.i 111 102 10.^ 101 103 100 101 101 101 102 101 103 103 102 102 102 104 101 101 101 102 102 103 101 101 lOo 104 102 101 100 Tennessee 99 Alabama 102 Mississippi 102 Louisiana 102 Texas 103 Oklahoma . Arkansas... Montana . . Wyoming. Colorado . . New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada , Idaho Washirigton. . Oregon California United States. 101 101 ia5 109 105 103 104 104 102 105 102 103 99 111 47 .S8 65 10 47 (il5 91 584 35 165 350 190 180 901 854 1,497 847 1,584 1,095 748 730 1,048 1,110 443 34C. 149 241 191 1,216 766 273 372 171 340 197 112 140 305 301 498 Jan. 1, 1913 (est.). Apr. 15 1910 (cen- sus). 110 46 84 64 10 47 609 90 578 34 163 340 184 176 83 125 53 892 846 1.482 640 665 822 1,568 1.084 712 702 1,027 1.099 443 350 146 236 187 1,181 758 270 354 157 324 191 108 135 75 223 299 292 503 20,567 108 46 81 64 9 46 591 89 550 156 330 180 166 80 120 46 910 814 1.453 610 615 753 1,492 1,073 651 669 1,008 1.147 443 350 136 216 181 1,170 743 255 316 156 294 179 100 116 68 198 281 272 469 Value per head, Jan. 1. $150, 00 137. 00 129. 00 161.00 156.00 153.00 145. 00 157. 00 139.00 106, 00 119.00 114. 00 122. 00 139. 00 144. 00 131.00 122. 00 132. 00 116.00 113, 00 139. 00 136. 00 '•25.00 118.00 98,00 112.00 m. 00 94. 00 93.00 103.00 116.00 113.00 95.00 85.00 80.00 85. 00 93.00 102, 00 79. 00 83,00 55.00 73.00 91.00 78.00 96. 00 lot'). 00 96. 00 100. 00 19, 833 1913 .$139. 00 123.00 127. 00 14(3.00 144, 00 141. 00 137, 00 147, 00 133.00 i02, 00 116.00 ID6. 00 116.00 128.00 140. 00 123.00 118.00 130. 00 117.00 120. 00 137. 00 131.00 123.00 120.00 101.00 124.00 105. 00 101.00 103.00 104.00 115.00 106.00 92.00 87.00 82.00 84.00 80.00 93.00 76.00 87.00 58.00 78.00 93.00 87.00 100, 00 110,00 99,00 109.00 Total value, Jan. 1 (000 omitted). 1910 110. 77 $125.00 103. 00 106. 00 128, 00 129. 00 123.00 125. 00 134. 00 132. 00 106. 00 108. 00 i07. 00 112.00 121.00 127.00 125. 00 109. 00 129. 00 122, 00 124, 00 126. 00 121.00 111.00 120.00 103.00 114,00 105.00 108. 00 107.00 105.00 112.00 95.00 85.00 79.00 7:5.00 81.00 82.00 80. 00 83.00 85,00 47.00 62.00 8-5. 00 78.00 102, 00 108. 00 103.00 105. 00 $16, 650 6,439 11,. 352 10, 465 1.560 7,191 89. 175 14, 2S7 81. 176 3,710 19, 635 39, 900 23,180 25,020 12, 240 16, 768 6, 710 118. 932 99, 064 169, 161 90,767 92, 208 105, 875 186,912 107,310 Si. 776 70, 080 98,512 103, 230 45,629 40,136 16,837 22, 895 16, 235 97, 280 65,110 25.389 37, 944 13, 509 28, 220 10, 8:55 8,176 12,740 5,928 22, 464 32, 330 28,896 49, 800 2, 291, 638 $15,290 5,658 10,668 9,344 1,440 6,627 83,433 13.230 76, 874 3,468 18, 908 36,040 21,344 22, 528 11,620 15, 375 6,254 115,960 98, 982 177,840 87,680 87,115 101,106 188, 160 109, 484 88, 288 73. 710 103, 727 113, 197 46, 072 40, 250 15,476 21,712 16, 2G9 96, 842 63, 672 24,030 32, 922 11.932 28, 188 11.078 8,424 12, 555 6,525 22, 300 32, 890 28, 908 54, 827 2, 278, 222 $13, 500 4,876 8,588 8,192 1,161 5,796 73,875 11,925 72,600 3, 498 16,848 35,310 20,160 20,086 10, 160 15,000 5,014 117.390 99,308 180, 172 76,860 74, 415 83.58:3 179, 040 110,519 74, 214 70,245 108, 864 122,729 46, .515 39,200 12,920 18,360 14,299 85, 410 60, 183 20,910 25,280 12,948 24,990 8,413 6,200 9,800 5.304 20, 196 30,348 28,016 49,245 2,142,524 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. 2 Based on Census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of .Vgriculture's estimated faim value per head Janl. 1910. THE AGBICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 39 Tahlk 17. — Mules: Estimated number on farms and value, parisons, by States. Jan. 1, 1914. with com- Nuruher (000 omitted). Jan. 1, 19U (est.). I Perct.t Total Maine New Hampsliire . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Jan. 1, 1913 (est.). Vahie per heaii Jan. I. Total vahje, Jan. 1 (.000 omitted). Apr. 15,1910 (cen- sus). 1914 I 1913 Connecticut... New York New Jersey . . . Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia . . . Florida... Ohio Indiana... Illinois Michigan.. Wisconsin. Minnesota. Iowa Missouri. . . North Dakota. South r'ukola. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee. . . Alaliama Mississippi. . Louisiana.. . Texas Oklahoina. Arkansas. . Moiituna... Wyoming.. Colorado. .. New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Oregon California. . . United States 102 102 102 103 103 102 100 103 102 103 104 100 102 99 102 100 102 102 100 103 102 100 100 100 98 103 102 99 104 100 101 101 105 102 100 111 100 no 104 103 104 100 4 4 45 i> 24 «1 12 192 171 319 27 24 8fi 148 4 3 () 8 14 84 222 229 270 278 286 132 75:j 269 235 4 4 4 44 23 00 12 180 108 310 20 24 84 149 4 3 50 326 8 14 84 222 229 276 270 280 133 724 269 233 4 2 17 23 60 12 175 156 295 23 23 82 148 343 8 12 8:j 276 247 25(> 132 676 222 4 2 15 15 4 2 .3 4 12 10 70 $154. 00 177.00 148.00 126.00 143.00 130. 00 131.00 100.00 167.00 161.00 168. 00 132.00 121.00 121.00 133. 00 135. 00 134. 00 123.00 112.00 130.00 110.00 105.00 105.00 118.00 127 00 135. 00 115.00 128.00 109.00 104.00 114.00 106.00 113.00 101.00 92.00 144.00 82.00 79.00 103.00 116.00 107.00 120.00 S157.0O |$132. 00 169. 00 t 155. 00 149.00 I 145.00 125. 00 125. 00 4,380 4,210 123.85 142. 00 128. 00 120.00 148.00 171.00 151.00 152. 00 131.00 122.00 131.00 139. 00 131.00 128.00 124.00 117.00 141.00 118.00 112.00 114.00 120.00 129.00 131.00 114.00 127.00 110.00 107.00 115.00 109.00 109.00 104.00 90.00 119.00 92.00 95.00 108.00 117.00 107.00 130.00 124.31 1.30. 00 130.00 120. 00 137. 00 158.00 157.00 155.1)0 125. 00 126.00 131.00 122.00 115.00 114. 00 123.00 119.00 130.00 121.00 119.00 116.00 118.00 123.00 122.00 113.00 116.00 99.00 lOo.OO 109.00 102. tK) 106.00 105.00 79.00 108. 00 80.00 79.00 116.00 121.00 108.00 122.00 120.20 S616 70S 6,660 756 3.432 8,290 1,572 30, 720 28,557 51,359 4,530 3, If* 10,406 17,908 532 405 804 7,011 36, 512 1.040 1,540 8, 820 23,310 27,022 34,290 37,530 32, 890 16,8<>6 82,077 27,976 26,790 424 226 1,717 1,.380 864 164 237 412 1,624 1,070 8,760 551,017 S628 676 6.556 7.50 3,260 7,080 1,512 27,. 528 28, 728 Hi, 810 3,952 3,144 10,248 19,519 550 .393 768 0,944 38,142 1,128 1,652 9,408 2.i, 308 27,480 35,()04 35.370 31,920 16,891 79,640 28,783 26, 795 4.36 218 1,768 1,350 595 184 285 -432 1,6.38 1,070 9,490 545,245 S528 620 6, 380 750 2,990 7,800 1,440 23,975 24.648 46,315 3,565 2,875 10, 332 19,388 488 345 684 6,888 40,817 1,040 1,452 9,877 24,128 26, 550 33,948 30, 134 28,928 15,312 66,924 26,985 24, 198 408 212 1, 575 1,185 432 160 237 464 1,452 1,080 8, .540 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. 2 Based on Census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. 40 FARMERS BULLETIN 575. Table 18. — S'tocks of potutois, Jan. 1, 1914. state and vear. New England: 1913-14 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10. . . . Now York: 1913-14. . . . 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-U.... 1909-10 Pounsylvania: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10. . . . New Jer.sov: 1913-14 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10.... Ohio: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12 1910-11.... 1909-10. . . . Indiana: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-1.1 1909-10. . . . IHinoLs: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10.... Michisan: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11 1909-10.... Wisconsin: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10.... Minnesota: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10.... Iowa: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10. . . . Nebraska: 1913-14.... 1912-13.... 1911-12.... 1910-11.... 1909-10.... Total produc- tion, bushels (000 omiited) Stock in growers' hands, Jan. 1. Per cent of crops. Bushels (000 omitted). 17, 874 17,084 14,844 21,772 20, 623 14,630 17, 935 9,712 19, 339 20,897 8,854 9.532 3,478 7,986 6,522 534 1,292 308 1,188 1,611 2, 652 6, 459 3,088 0, 199 6, 503 1,200 3,075 l,i;5G 2, 770 3,117 1,218 2, 352 1,380 3,066 3, 650 16.964 18,742 12,718 15, 802 19, 604 17,066 14,809 12,018 12, 768 14,386 11,174 13, 561 8,280 4,563 12, 061 1,440 5,879 1.931 2,477 4,560 1,539 3, 021 1,508 2, 070 2, 679 Stock in dealers' hands, Jan. 1. Per cent of crops. Bushels (000 omitted). Total stock, bushels (000 omitted) 4,388 2,491 1,856 5,024 2,887 1,064 1,526 1,388 2,417 3,402 2, 563 2,311 756 2,420 1,739 178 298 245 457 483 1,020 2,500 864 2,411 2, 439 640 1,.5S7 515 1 . 304 1,425 290 1 , 522 1.035 1 , 533 1,825 4,032 4,042 3,102 4,410 4, 207 3,220 3, 841 3,573 2,926 3,197 3,926 5,161 3,105 2, 013 2,680 144 2,845 1,288 1.4,86 2,206 456 755 603 828 1,218 22, 262 19, 575 16, 700 26, 796 23,510 15, 694 19,461 11,100 21,7,56 24,299 11,417 11,843 4,234 10,406 8, 261 712 l,,-)90 613 1,645 2,094 3,672 8,9.59 3.952 8,610 8,942 1.840 4,662 1,6.^2 4,074 4,542 1,.508 3,874 2,415 4,. 599 5, 475 20,996 22, 784 15, 820 20,212 23,811 20, 286 IS. 6,50 15,. 591 15,694 17,583 15,100 18, 722 11,385 6, 576 14,741 4,320 8,724 3, 219 3, 963 6, 706 2,095 3,776 2,111 2,898 3, 897 Price per bushel-- Dec. 1. Cents. 61 59 82 47 53 58 90 48 50 8') 57 93 52 65 82 66 105 THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 41 Tablk is. — Slocks of poialors, Jan. 1. 19U — ( ■oiuiimed. State ;ni(.l year. Kansas: 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 1909-10 Colorado: 1913-1-! 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 1 S, 1999- U) ! 11, Total above: 1 1913-11 ' 23S, 1912-13 1 304, 1911-12 : 217, 1910-11 1 261, 1909-10 1 298, Total produc- ' tion, bushels (000 omitted). Stock in groTrers' hands, Jan. 1. Stock in dealers' hands, Jan. 1. Per cent of crops. 60 45 50 48 42.1 39.8 33.1 40.2 41.2 Bushels (000 omitted). 290 1,091 194 654 1,129 5,060 4,845 1,418 4,:500 5,655 100, 495 119,678 72,072 104,954 122, 997 Ter cent of crops. 6 8 10 8 9.5 9.8 S.6 10.9 9.9 Bushels (000 omitted). 232 804 123 374 734 644 484 232 860 942 22, 797 167, 149 18,706 28, 457 29,:5S1 Total stock, bushels (000 omitted). 522 1,895 317 1.028 1, 853 5, 704 5, .329 1,670 5,160 6,597 123, 292 149, 845 90,778 1.33, 411 142,381 rrice per bushel — Dec. 1. Cents. 91 73 106 90 79 65 41 99 55 66.2 48.6 77.6 49.5 50.0 Mar. 1. Cents. 76 132 92 85 43 100 61 59 47.7 101.4 40.9 47.3 Tabt.e 19. — Wheat crop of countries named, 1911-1918. ( oiiulvy. Area. Production. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1012 1913 NORTH AMKRICA. United .Stales A cres. 49, .543,000 Acres. 4.5,814,000 Acres. 50,184,000 Buslielx. 621,338,000 Bushels. 730,267,000 Bushels. 763,380,000 Canada: 13,000 941,000 2, 980, 000 4,705,000 1,617,000 121,000 (') 0) (') 2,804,000 5,720,000 1,512,000 979,000 270,000 19, 252, 000 (iO, 275, 000 97, 665, 000 36,143,000 2,313,000 (') (') 53,331,000 121,559,000 Ontario Manitoba (') Alberta 34,372,000 22, 455, 000 Other Total Canada... 10,377,000 10,997,000 11,015,000 215,918,000 224,159,000 231,717,000 0) 0) (') 12,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 Total 849,256,000 966,426,000 1,005,097,000 SOUTH AMERICA. Argentina Chile. 15.452,000 968,000 637,000 17,042,000 1,093.0(X) 799,000 17.096,000 ■ (') C) 145,981,000 18,184,000 6,009,0€0 166, 190, 000 22. 468. 000 8, 757, 000 198,414.0(X) 21 000 000 Uruguay.. 9, OW), 000 Total 170,174,000 197,415,000 2''8 414 000 EUROPE. Austria-Hungary: Austria " Hungary proper. . . Croa'tia-Slavonia. . Bosnia-Herzego- vina 3,003,000 8,:354,000 808,000 218,000 3,114,000 8.748.000 833; 000 247,000 2,998.000 7,813,000 837, 000 0) 58,865.000 174,889,000 15,188,000 2,941,000 69,712,000 173, 328, 000 11,314,000 2,993,000 00.123,000 149,774,000 16,899,000 2, ,572, 000 Total Austria- Hungary 12,3,83,000 12,942,000 251,8&3,0OO 257.347,000 229,368,000 ' No data. 42 EAKMEBS' BULLETIN 575. Table 19. — Wheat crop of countries nav:ccl, 1911-1913 — Continued. Country. Area. Production. 1911 1012 1913 1911 1912 1913 EUROPE— continued. Belgium Bulgaria Acres. .399,000 2,761.000 2 100,000 (1) 15.897,000 4; 878, 000 0) 11,741,000 (1) 142, OiX) 2 12.000 1.211.000 4,709,000 Acres. (') (') 0) (') 16,238,000 4, 759, 000 {') 11.751.000 (') 143,000 (') (0 5,114,000 Acres. ^^ (') (') 16,169,000 4,878,000 0) 11,842,000 0) 140, 000 (■) (1) 4,011,0!X) Bushels. 15, 745, 000 48,295,000 4,466,0i» 125.000 315,126,000 149,411,000 8,000,000 192,395,000 200,000 5,.511.000 271,000 11.850.000 93,724.000 Bushels. 15, 348, 000 45.000,000 3,604,000 130,000 336,284,000 160, 224, (X» 7,009,000 165,720,000 200,000 5,604,000 332. 000 7,. 500. 000 88, 924, 000 Bushels. 15,042,000 46, OSiO. 000 Deiiinark Finland 4,463,000 130, (KK) Fran'^e 321, 571, (.'OO 171,075.000 7,0G0,0(K) Italv 214,405,000 Moiitj.negro Nethfilands Norwav 200,000 4,77:5,000 300. 000 Portugal 5, ,500, 000 Eoumania 83,236,000 Kussia: Russia proper Poland . . .52,557,000 l,2iw,000 9,908,000 346.-372,000 24,129,000 76,-537,000 1 Total Russia (European) 63,720,000 3 71,302,000 »74,512.000 447,038,000 3 805,255,000 3 962,587,000 Servia 955,000 9, 706. 000 251,000 (') (') 956,000 9.625,000 (I) (') (') 0) 9,414,000 15,312,000 14S,495,0»:) 7,945,000 3,524,000 20, 000, 000 16,351,000 109,783,000 , 7, 832, 000 3, 178, 000 18,000,000 11,000,000 Spain Sweden 110,097.000 7,800,000 .3,500,000 18,000,000 1'urkey ( liuropean) . . . United Kingdom: England 1.804,000 ,38,000 64,000 45,000 ' 1,822,000 41,000 62, 000 45,000 l,064,Ot10 38,000 60, 000 31,000 60,729.000 1.118.000 2,786,000 1,056,000 .54,001,000 1,123,000 2,471.000 1,. '^.64, 000 53, 731 , 000 1,075.000 Scotland 2, .335, 000 Ireland 1,295,01XJ Total United Kingdom 1,951,000 1,970,000 1,796,000 66,289,000 59, 162, 000 68,4-36,000 Total 1,805,605,000 2,112,778,000 2,273,483,000 A.'5IA. British India, includ- ing such native states as report 30,505,000 0) 31,141,000 0) 29,569,000 (I) 375,629,000 2,394,0(K) 370, 515, 000 2,071,000 358,388,000 2, 100, 000 Japanese Empire: .Tapan l,22:3.0i'X) 13, 40;) 1.216,000 1,226,000 25,6-45,000 138,000 26, .514. 000 140,000 27,000,000 140, 000 Total Japanese Empire 25.783,000 26, 654, 000 27,140.000 Persia (1) (1) (') 16,000,000 16,000.000 10, 000, 000 Russia: Central Asia (4 governments of). Siberia (4 govern- ments of) Transcaucasia (1 govenunentof).. 3,616,000 5,888,000 11,000 52,557,000 1.255.000 9,908,000 1 [ Total Russia (Asiatic) 9, 515, 000 {') {') 6:3,720.000 (<) (<) Turkey (Asia Minor only) (') (>) (') 35,000,000 .35,000.000 35,000,000 Total 518,520,000 450. 240, 000 438, 628, 000 1 No data. 2 Census of 1907. 3 Tncludss 10 governments of Asiatic Russia. * Included under total Russi;i (European). ( THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 43 Table Id.— Wheat crop of counh-us named, 1911-1913 — Continued. Area. Production. Country. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1912 1913 AFRICA. Acres. 3,554,000 1.285,000 1.401,000 (1) Acres. 3,014,000 1.332,000 1,263,000 0) Acres. 3,448,000 1,331,000 1,235,000 (0 1 Bushels, 35,874,000 38,046,000 8,635,000 6,034,000 Bushels. 27,172,000 30.903.000 4. 225, 000 2 6,034,000 Bushels. 36,8^8,000 K.^'VP" 30.900.000 5. 500, 000 Union of South Afika. 2 6, 034. 000 Total 88, 589, 000 08,334,000 79.282,000 AUSTRALAISIA. Australia: (juppnsland. Nev.' South Wales. Victoria 107, 000 2,129,000 2, 39S, 000 2, 105, 000 582,000 52, COO 43,000 2,381,000 2,164,000 2.191,000 612, 000 37,000 125,000 2,231.000 2, 0S5, 000 2,080,000 793, 000 25,000 1,055,000 28, 793, 000 35,910,000 25,112,000 6,083,000 1,156,000 294,000 25, 879, 000 21,. 550, 000 20,994,000 4, 496, 000 681,000 2, 038, 000 .33,499,000 27, 050, 000 South Australia... 'V est em Australia . Tasmania 22,174,000 9, 457, 000 650,000 Total Australia.. 7,373,000 7.428,000 7, .3.39, 000 98,109,000 73,894,000 94,868,000 New Zejland 322,000 215,000 190,000 8,535,000 8,000,000 5,886,000 asia 7, 695, 000 7,643,000 7,529,000 106,644,000 81.894,000 100,7.54.000 3,538,794,000 3,877,087,000 4,125,658,000 1 No date. 2 Cen.sus figures for the year 1911. Note. — The above figures for European and Asiatic Russia incli'de 72 governments only: the area and production in the whole Empire in 1911 wore S0.08('),000 acres and 563,485,000 bushels. New wheat crop Southern Hemisphere. A c-ablegram from the Intcriiutioiial Institute ol Agriculture, llome, Italy, received by the United States Department of Agriculture Feb- ruary 3, contains the following statement of estimated wheat produe- tit>n of the crop of 1913-1914, harvested prhicipally in December tiiid January, of the two principal ]>roducing countries of the Soutlieru Hemisphere. Preliminary estimate of })ro(ku'tiou of ;dl wiicat in Austi'alia, 113,344,000 bushels. Preliminary estimate of total production of all wheat in Argentina and Australia, 244,533,000 bushels. o U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 581 Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) and Bureau of Plant Industry, March 18, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CORN. — World acreage and production. Imports from Argentina. OATS.— World acreage and production. Imports from Canada. BARLEY, RYE, POTATOES, AND FLAX.— World acreage and production. BEEF.— Imports from Argentina. COTTON. — Recent developments in colonial production. Crop Reporting Systems and Sources of Crop Information in Foreign Countries. THE WORLD CORN CROP. By Charles M. Daugherty. Indian torn, or maize, although the last of the great cereals to be discovered, is now groAvn over a broader extent of the earth's surface than any other grain, excepting wheat. Originally merely the primitive food grain of the aborigines of tropical and semitropical regions of the Western Hemisphere, its cultivation has within a few centuries extended to all Continents; the exceptional produc- tivity of the plant, in both corn and fodder, and the manifold uses made of grain, stalk, pith, leaves, and cob have won for it the fame of being America's most valuable contribution to agriculture. In so far as can be determined from existing statistics, the world's recorded corn acreage amounts at present to approximately 170 million acres. As, however,' no figures are extant respecting the area planted in many of the smaller producing States of Central and South America, Asia, Africa, and numerous islands, the recorded acreage doubtless falls short of the actual by several million acres. The bulk of the world's crop, as is well known, is grown in America, where the plant is believed to have originated. Roundly 130 million acres are planted annually in the principal producing countries of America; of this upward of 105 million are in the United States, over 13 million in Mexico, 10 million in Argentina, and ahnost a million acres in Uruguay, Canada, and Chile combined. In the United States corn, measured by the surface devoted to its culture, is far and away the leading crop; the annual acreage is more exten- sive than the total surface under all other cereals. The annual yield 32786°— Bull. 581—14 1 2 farmers' bulletin 581. in good 3^ears surpasses in magnitude the combined wheat and barley crops of the whole of EurojDe. Doubtless the most strikmg feature of the crop, however, is that the enormous production is absorbed almost in entirety by the home demand. In spite of an increase since 1897 of 25 million acres in the area planted, exports, which in that year attained the maximum of 189 million bushels, have since almost steadily declined, and in 1913 amounted to only 45 million bushels. The tremendous increase in domestic consumption suggested by these facts is further emphasized by the incident that during 1913 over 5 million bushels were added to the home supply by imports from Argentina — a movement probably due in part to the coincidence of a change in fiscal regulations governing importa- tion of corn into the United States with a heavy shortage in the domestic crop, the 1913 yield being only 2,445,000,000 bushels, com- pared with 3,125,000,000 bushels in the precedmg year. To compare the vast extent of land under corn in the United States with that in other countries serves little purpose other than to illustrate the heavy monopoly of this industry by the United States. Mexico is second among all corn-growing countries in point of acreage. The production (although, the tortilla, a food made from parched com, constitutes the chief subsistence of the masses) is insufficient for domestic needs, and several million bushels annually are imported from the United States. In Argentina corn culture has in recent years made great strides. From 3 million acres in 1900, plantmgs have been rapidly extended, and a recent estimate of the Argentine Department of Agriculture puts the land seeded for the crop maturing in the spring of 1914 at 10,250,000 acres. A clistmctive feature of corn growing in Argentina is that the bulk of the crop is raised for export. Preeminently a pastoral country, the vast fields of alfalfa, and a mild climate that permits grazing in a great part of the pastoral zone practically the year round, minimize the demand for corn as an ani- mal food; considerably less than 100 milhon bushels meets annual domestic requirements for all purposes. As during the past two years the production has amounted^ respectively, to 296 million and 197 million bushels, Argentma has figured as the most important single source of supply for the great importing nations of Europe. Exports to all countries out of the banner crop of 1912 amounted to 190 million bushels. If the present rate of increase in culture be maintained, the Republic would doubtless be in a situation eventually to supply single handed the entire import demand of all European States. Much of the Argentme corn is of the flint variety. In the Eastern hemisphere the principal maize-growing regions are southern Europe, Asia, the Mediterranean countries of Africa, and the Union of South Africa. In southern Europe the crop is grown for the grain on an expanse of territorv extending from west to east THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 across the entire continent and reaching northward from the Mediter- ranean and BUick Seas to latitudes includmg Switzerland and a small part of southern Germany. The value of the luxuriant semitropical foliage of the plant has, moreover, extended its cultivation for fodder into countries where the seasons of warm sunshine are too short for the grain to mature, and hence maize is gro\\ai for forage to a greater or less extent in many countries of northern Europe, even as far north as Scotland. In southern Europe the crop is cultivated for gram on an aggregate of about 30 million acres, the total annual produc- tion usually ranging between 600 million and 700 million bushels. The variety raised is for the most part the small-grained yeUow flint, designated by English-speaking people as "round maize" in distinc- tion from the "flat" or large-grained dent variety, consistmg of white and yellow mixed, wliich reaches European markets from the United States. In Portugal, corn, kno-v^Ti in the vernacular as milho, is cul- tivated on a much larger scale than any other cereal and constitutes, among other uses, the chief food of the peasant class. Spain and France have each over a million acres under maize. Concentrated in the northern part of the former country and southern part of the latter there are extensive districts where it is the chief grain cultivated and the principal reliance of the peasants for human food. Granoturco, the Italian name for com, is grown annually in Italy on an extent of about 4 million acres, and in two provinces, Lombardy and Venetia, on a somewhat more extensive scale than is wheat; polenta, a dish prepared from corn, is in parts of the Kingdom the staff of life of the masses. Upward of a million bushels are raised annually in Greece, and in 1910 the annual output of European Turkey was officially returned at 22 million bushels. Corn culture in Europe, however, is largely centralized in a group of countries comprismg Austria- Hungary, Roumania, Scrvia, Bulgaria, and in the southern govern- ments of Russia. In this territory upward of 20 million acres are planted annually and the normal yield is approximately 500 million bushels. The important position the crop occupies in the agriculture of these countries is indicated by the fact that in Hungary proper, the principal corn-growing country of Europe, and in Bulgaria the acreage is second only to that of wheat, while m Roumania, where the grain is known as "porumb," and in Servia, where it is called "cucurza, " it is more extensive than that of any other cereal. Exccptmg Austria-Hungary, whose annual production is a few million bushels short of domestic requirements, corn is grown in the rest of this territor}^ in surplus quantities. Aggregate exports usually ranging between 50 million and 80 million bushels a year, are made from Roumania, Bulgaria, Servia, and Russia to Austria- Hungary, Italy, Spain, and, chiefly, to the nonproducing States of north Europe. 4 FAKMEKS BULLETIN 581. Outside of America and Europe the most extensive corn-growing area in the world is in Asia, notably in Turkey, southern Asiatic Russia, British India, French Indo-China, the Philippines, China, and Japan. Although the crop in none of these countries attains the proportions of a principal one, there are localities in most of them where its culture is of great local miportance. In Asiatic Turkey an official report indicated over 900,000 acres under cultivation in 1910, and in 1911 a small area of 150,000 acres was returned in Asiatic Russia — in Ferghana, Samarkand, and Syr-Daria. In British India, where in some districts food made from corn is the chief article of native diet, over 6 million acres are planted yearly. An annual area of over one million acres is grown in the Philippmes and upward of 130,000 acres ui Japan. Statistical record of the area and j^ield in Chma and Indo-China is nonexistent. It is known, however, that the grain is grown to a considerable extent in parts of Chma, and in the northern part its value as a human and animal food is supplemented by the general use of the stalks as fuel. In the French colony, Indo- Chma, the growmg popularity of the culture is indicated by the fact that the annual imports mto the mother country from this possession increased from 571,000 to 3,710,000 bushels durmg the period 1906 to 1911. Corn is grown quite generally on the Contment of Africa, but, excepting that it is an important article of food among the native tribes of the central colonies, definite mformation respectmg the extent of its culture is limited to the countries along the Mediter- ranean and to the Union of South Africa. In Egypt, the principal producing country, the area (about 1,900,000 acres) is more extensive than that of cotton; the gram constitutes the chief food of the Egyp- tian fellah and enters almost wholly into domestic consumption. Small areas are also cultivated m Tunis, Algeria, Tripoli, and Morocco. In the Union of South Africa the raising of ''mealies," the local name for corn, has in late years been attracting much attention; the acreage, notably in Natal, has been much extended and, at the taking of the census of 1911, the total South African production was found to have increased to over 30 million bushels. In normal years a few million bushels are now available for export. Corn, it may be added, is grown on a small scale in the northern latitudes of Australia and New Zealand, and in many islands throughout the world for which few statistics are extant. The world's corn production, in so far as accurate estimates are obtainable, is in magnitude practically equal to, and in one year at least has exceeded, that of wheat. The importance of the part taken by the United States in the industry is indicated by the fact that in 1911 the crop produced was upward of 72 and in 1912 over 71 per cent of the world's recorded production ; m 1913, with a shortage of almost 678 million bushels in the domestic outturn, as compared with the previous THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. year, the domestic crop represents 68 per cent of the recorded crop of the world. Details, by countries, of the area and production of specified countries in 1913 and preceding years are given in Table 1: Table 1. — Corn crop of countries named, 1911-1913. Algeria Egypt Union of South Africa AUSTRALASIA Australia: Queensland New South Wale: 1 Less than 500 acres. 2 Estimate for 1910. 5 No official statistics. 4,601,000 3,752,000 7,833,000 I 4,049,000 * Includes Asiatic Russia (10 Governments of). 6 Census figures of 1911 repeated. farmers' BULLETIiSr 581. Table 1.— Corn cro}^ of countries iianud, 1911-1913 — Continued. Country. Area. Production. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1912 1913 AUSTRALASIA— continued . Australia— Continued. Victoria Acres. 20,000 A ores. 18,000 Acres. (') Bushels. 1, 013, 000 1,000 7,000 Bushels. 818,000 Bushels. (1) (•) South Australia 1,000 n 2,000 Total Australia 415,000 340, 000 315,000 13,455,000 9,221,000 8,620,000 New Zealand • 13,000 6,000 5,000 478,000 278, 000 220,000 Total Australasia 428,000 346,000 320, 000 13, 933, 000 9,499,000 8,840,000 Grand total 3,479,991,000 4,362,288,000 3,007,359,000 1 No ofEcial statistics. « Less than 500 acres. Table 2. — Total production of corn in countries named in Table 1, 1894-191-3. Year. Production. Year. Production. 1 Year. Production. Year. Production. 1894 1895 1890 1897 1898 Bushels. 1,671,307,000 2,834,750,000 2,904,435,000 2,587,200,000 2,082,019,000 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 Bushels. 2,724,100,000 2,792,561,000 2, 366, 883, 000 3,187,311,000 3, 000, 500, 000 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 Bushels. 3,109,252,000 3,461,181,000 3,963,045,000 3,420,321,000 3,606,931,000 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Bushels. 3,503,226,000 4,031,630,000 3,479,991,000 4, 362, 288, 000 3,007,359,000 CORN FROM ARGENTINA. Bv Frank Andrews. RECENT IMPORTS. In September last a large increase occiiiTed in tlie relatively small imports of corn into the United States, the new traffic coming chiefly from Argentina. Occasional imports had been made in former j^ears. In the year ended June 30, 1909, the United States imported 258,000 bushels, of which 195,000 bushels came from Ai'gentina. The imports declined to about 118,000 in the next fiscal year and to 52,000 in the year ending Jane 30, 1911, increasing to about 53,000 in the follo^\dng year. The imports during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, amounted to 903,000 bushels, of vrhich 880,000 came from Argentina. The imports in September, 1913, amounted to 522,000 bushels; in October, 473,000; in November, 1,633,000, and m December, 2,343,- 000 bushels. Of these amounts, Argentina furnished in September, 499,000 bushels; in October, 421,000; in November, 1,509,000, and in December, 2,173,000 bushels. Compared mth the production of the United States these imports are relatively smaU. The entire crop of Ai-gentina, ranging from 175,090,000 to 300,000,000 bushels annually, is onl}^ about 10 per cent of the average consumption in the United States. THE AGKICULTUEAL OL^TLOOK. Corn production and exports of Argentina and the United States are shown in Table 3. Here is ilkistrated the fact that the Argentine crop goes chiefly to foreign countries, while the United States crop, in still greater proportions, is consumed at home. Table 3. — Comparison of Argentine and United States corn os to production, exports, and average value. Year. Argentina. United States. Average value ' of corn imported into the United Kingdom from 1909-1913. Production. Exports.2 Production. Exports,* year l)egin- ning July 1. Argentina. United States. 1909 Bushels. 177,155,000 175,187,000 3 27, 675, 000 295, 849, 000 4 190,642,000 Bushels. 89,499,359 104,727,358 4, 928, 362 190,459,100 4 190,000,000 Bushels. 2,772,376,000 2,886,260,000 2,531,488,000 3, 124, 746, (XK) 2,446,988,000 Bushels. 38,128,498 65,614,522 41,797,291 50, 780, 143 Cents per bushel. 74 64 63 71 68 Cents per bushel. 77 1910 73 1911 63 1912. 83 1913 63 1 The values of articles imported into the United Kingdom include the value in the country of origin, plus all costs of delivery to the I'nited Kingdom. Hence, the two columns are comparable, "since both apply to values in same country of destination. 2 Including com meal reduced to terms of corn. - Crop failure, due to drought. . Preliminary. CORN PRICES. Comparing values of Argentine with United States corn in the British market for the past five years, it is found that in three years out of the five United States corn is valued considerably higher than Ai'gentine. But in 1911 and in 1913 the average values of the con- signments from each of these countries were the same in the British markets. A considerable part of the corn imported into the United States from Argentina is received at New York, and it was sold in that city in November and December, 1913, at prices ranging from 73 to SO cents a bushel, or several cents under the prices of the No. 2 yellow grade of United States corn in that market. A comparison of prices of Argentine corn with other corn at New York, with the contract grade at Chicago, with the average farm price in the United States of all lands of corn, and mth the average export value in Argentina of the corn imported here from that country, is shown in Table 4. It is to be understood that the imports for these last months of 1913 consisted of old corn, which was harvested m the winter or spring of 1912-13. Attention is invited also to the marked fluctua- ^tions in the import values of this Argentine corn, ranging from under 60 cents in September to over 80 cents a bushel in October; falling to 72 in November, and further to 62 cents a bushel in December. FARMERS BULLETIN 581. Table 4. — Com parativc cash prices in the United States of Argentine and domestic corn, September to December, 1913. [Cents per bushel.] Average import value of Argen- tine com.i Average farm price of corn in U.S. on 1st of month. Wholesale price at Kew York, X. Y. Wholesale prices at Chicago, 111., "contract'' grade com. Year and month. Xo. 2 yellow corn. Argentine com. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. 1913. Cents. 59.7 Cents. 75.4 75.3 70.7 69.1 Cents. 79.5 76.0 79.0 73.0 Cents. 86.2 80.2 85.0 85.0 1 Cents. Cents. Cents. 71.5 68.0 71.5 65.5 Cents. 78.5 October November December 80.3 72.0 62.2 73.2 77.5 73.2 sao 76.2 78.5 1 Average declared wholesale value in Argentina of corn imported into the United States from that country. OCE.4N AND R.VILR0.4D FREIGHT RATES. During the last three months of 1913 the rates paid for full cargoes of corn from Argentina to New York were from 6 to 7§ cents per bushel when shipped from San Lorenzo, an upriver port on the River Plate, and from 5 to oh cents when shipped from Rosario, a port farther down that river. Rates to Galveston ranged from 5 to 7^ cents, and one rate was c^uoted to San Francisco from Buenos Aires at about 9J cents per bushel. The rates on corn to New York from Chicago, over the cheapest routes for a number of years, have not been far different from the rates of the last few months of 1913 to New York from San Lorenzo, and have been a cent or two higher a bushel than the rates from the lower River Plate. In fact, corn is shipped from Rosario, .Argentina, to New York for about the same rate as is charged by rail from Buffalo to New York. However, the lake rate from Chicago to Buf- falo is frequently as low as 1 cent per bushel, and rarely averages 2 cents for a season. To Galveston the rates of the last few months of 1913 were con- siderably lower from the upriver ports of Argentma than from Kansas City. The rate from Kansas City to Galveston in 1913 was 9.8 cents per bushel, while 3 out of 4 rates from Ai'gentina to Galveston were less than 7 cents, one of them being as low as 5.1 cents per bushel. The ocean rates cjuoted in this article apply to full cargoes; that is, where a ship is chartered to carry corn only. Regular lines of steamships, where smaller lots than full cargoes are carried, often charge lower rates than are paid on full cargoes of corn. The freight rates on gram from the Atlantic coast of the L^nited States westward are considerably higher than for the eastbound traffic, since relatively small lots of grain are shipped westward. Corn shipped hj rail from New York to Chicago would be charged 14 cents per bushel. Hence it would cost from 19 to 21^ cents per bushel THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 9 to pay the freight on corn shipped from Ai'gentina to Illinois, by way of New York, at the rates quoted at the close of 1913. This cost applies only to ocean freight from Argentina plus railroad freight in the United States and excludes any costs of transfer. Ocean freight rates on corn to Liverpool from Buenos Aires were from 6 to 10 cents per bushel and from San Lorenzo from 8 to about 12^ cents a bushel for the last few months of 1913. Early in Octo- ber, 1913, two vessels were chartered to carry corn from Rosario — one to New York and the other to Liverpool. The cargo for New York was charged at the rate of 5.4 cents per bushel and the cargo for Liverpool at the rate of 6 cents per bushel. The time from Buenos Aires to New York is about the same as from Buenos iUres to Liv- erpool. Fast steamers often make the voyage over either route in 24 days, while some of the slower ones require 10 to 15 days longer. Of 10 different vessels arriving at New York \\ith corn in November and December, 1913, 3 vessels brought more than 260,000 bushels each and all but 2 brought more than 100,000 bushels each. The largest cargo of these 10 consisted of 285,200 bushels. The two smaller loads were brought by ships wliich carried a large assort- ment of other cargo. One of these ships, wliich arrived on December 6, brought about 61,000 bushels of corn in about 24,000 bags, and the cargo included also nearly 11,000 quarters of beef, 4,100 car- casses of mutton, besides wool, sheepskins, tallow, liides, corned beef, miscellaneous meat products, etc. ARGENTINE CORN. By W. J. T. DuvEL, Crop Technologist. Witliin the last few years increasing Cjuantities of corn have been imported into the United States from the Argentine, most of which has been consigned to the Corn Products Refining Co., of New York, for manufacturing purposes. The importations, however, of the 1913 crop have exceeded those of former years, the total importations from July 1, 1913, to February 13, 1914, as reported by Bradstreet's, being 7,132,980 bushels, approximately 85 per cent of which was dis- charged at Atlantic ports, and the remainder at Gulf ports. The Argentine being the corn belt of the Southern Hemisphere, the crop matures approximately six months in advance of corn in the United States, so that export shipments begin during the early part of June. The duration of the voyage from the Argentine to the United States under favorable conditions is approximately 30 days. While the total production of corn in the Argentine under the most favorable conditions is considerably below the production in the State of Illinois, less than half of the Argentine crop is consumed within the Repubhc, so that the Argentine exports have greatly exceeded those of the United States during the past few years. 32786°— Bull. 581—14 2 10 FAEMERS BULLETIN- 581. The Argentine corn is liancUcd in burlap bags containing from 130 to 135 pounds, in contrast to the corn from the United States, which is exported mainly in bulk. The most common method of discharg- ing cargoes at United States ports is to hoist with crane and tacklo from 12 to 15 bags at a time and shift them to barges or hghters alongside the vessel, where the corn is inspected as the bags are opened. From 7 to 15 days are usually required to unload a cargo, depending largely on the condition and quantity of the corn and the weather. QUAILITY AND CONDITION OF ARGENTINE CORN. Corn as grow^n in the Argentine consists almost exclusively of tho hard, flinty varieties with medium to small kernels, mostly yellow in color. The character of the corn, having both small cobs and small kernels, results in a much lower moisture content in the Argen- tine shelled corn than is normally contained in the large dent varie- ties of the United States. As a result of the small size of the kernels, the Argentine corn can not carry, without increased danger of dete- rioration, as high a percentage of water as the larger dent corns of the United States. On the other hand, tho hard and firm texture of the Argentine corn is such that it can be "conditioned" to much better advantage than our dent corns. During the summer of 1912, through the courtesies of the Corn Products Refining Co. and the grain-inspection department of the New York Produce Exchange, several cargoes of corn from the Argentine were examined at the time of discharge at the port of New York. The average results of mechanical analyses on 157 samples from four of the cargoes, representing a total of 638,000 bushels, are contained in Table 5. The data shown in this table represents new corn of the crop of 1912, Table 5. — Average qualitj and condition of four cargoes of Argentine corn, crop of 1912, as discharged at Neiv York. Steamship. Date of arrival at New- York. Days in transit. Number of samples taken. Bushels in cargo. Moisture content. Weight per bushel. Soun;! corn Dirt, chaff, cob, etc. A 1912 Oct. 19 July 8 Aug. 4 Aug. S 35 27 45 34 55 48 28 26 180,000 260, 000 66,000 132,000 Per cent. 14.55 14.80 17.02 15.43 Pounds. 60.87 60.10 57.75 60. 01 Per cent. 93. 84 95. 2S 63.74 90.02 Per cenL 0.10 B .17 C .28 D .17 Total 157 638, 000 Average of 4 15.10 60.05 90. 50 .19 From Table 5 it will be seen that the average moisture content of the total 638,000 bushels was 15.1 per cent, the weight per bushel more than 60 pounds, the percentage of sound corn. 90.5, and the dirt, chaff, cob, etc., approximately one-^ixth of 1 per cent. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 11 During tlie months of December, 1913, and January, 1914, sam- ples to the number of 591 were socurod from 16 different cargoes of Argentine corn as discharged at New York and at Gulf ports. The average moisture content of these samples (old corn of the 1913 crop) was 13.7 per cent, or 6.6 per cent less than the average m.ois- ture content of corn shipped from country stations m central lUuiois durmg December, 1913, and January, 1914, the latter bemg new corn of the 1913 crop. From the standpoint of moisture content alone this represents a difference in value of approximately 5§ cents per bushel, based on a New York price of about 70 cents per bushel, not giving consideration to the increased danger of deterioration of liigh-moisturo corn. V\liLle the average moisture content of the Argentine corn is low, a considerable quantity is damaged, musty, sour, and heating when discharged. This Is evidenced by the fact that of the 591 samples previously referred to, the maximum mois- ture content was 41.6 per cent, the mininuim being 9.2 per cent. Attention is also called to the distinct 1}" inferior quality and con- dition of the corn from steamer C as shown in Table 15. This ship was tvdce delayed during transit as the result of accident, and some of the corn vras in the ship more than 60 days, and some of it had become sea damaged and ship damaged. Excluding three samples which shov.'ed a moisture content of 32.7, 34.8, and 37 per cent, the average for the cargo would be 14.9 per cent. WEEVIL IN AHGSNTINE COEN. A considerable quantity of Argentine corn is ]ikev.'Lso infested with weevil. Samples of screenings from practically all of the cargoes have been submitted to Dr. F. H. Chittenden, in charge of Truck-Crop and Stored-Product Insect Investigations of the Bureau of Entomology, but no new species have been found. CHEMICAL COlVfPOSrriON. A wide diversity of opinion exLsts as to the chemical" composition of Argentine corn as compared with the dent varieties of the United States. While the data available are not sufficient to justify the drawing of aii}^ definite conclusions, the results of the chemical analyses of a limited number of samples of Argentine corn as dis- charged at New York indicate that the Argentine corn is superior, from the standpoint of chemical composition, to our dent corn as loaded for export at our Atlantic and Gulf ports, as shown in Table 6. Table 6 shows the average results of the chemical analyses of 98 sam- ples of Argentine corn, representing 4 cargoes with a total of 638,000 bushels of the crop of 1912, as discharged at New York, together with the average of the anal3i^ses of 129 samples of North American corn, representmg two cargoes of the 1910 crop and two cargoes of the 1911 crop with a total of 910,146 bushels as loaded for export. 12 FAEMEBS' BULLETIN 581. Tabls G. — Chemical composition of four cargoes of Argentine fl,int corn as discharged ai New York and of four cargoes of North American dent corn as loaded for export, calculated to a water-free basis.^ Item. Argentine corn crop of 1912 as imported at New York. North American corn crops of 1910 and 1911 8S loaded for export. Per cent. Ash 1. 72 Ether extract (oil) ! 5. 52 Protein 1 1. 01 Crude fl ber I 1 . 99 Pentosans i (5. 02 Invert sugar ! .30 Sucrose ' 1. 08 Acid calculated as acetic ! .33 Undetermined I 72. 03 Per cent. 1.43 4.07 9.81 2.18 6.19 .38 1.13 .28 74.53 1 Chemical analyses of the individual samples made by Cattle Food and Grain Laboratory of the Bureau of Chemistry. From Table G it will be seen that the ether extract or oil was approximately 1.5 per cent greater in the Argentine corn than in the United States corn, while the protein was 1.2 per cent greater. In the consideration of thes? analyses it is necessary to note that they represent commercial corn and are therefore not comparable with the analyses shown in textbooks, which are based on selected, hand- shelled samples. THE WORLD OATS CROP. By Charles M. Daugherty. The cultivation of oats on an extensive scale is an industry con- fined almost exclusively to the northern and central states of Europe, to the North Atlantic and Xorth Central States of the United States, and to the Dommion of Canada. Of the 144 million acres which, as nearly as can be estimated, constitute the world's oats area, upward of 85 per cent is in the above-named territory. Elsewhere than in Europe and North America the cereal is not extensively produced. No statistical account exists of its culture in Asia, excepting in Asiatic Russia, where about 6 million acres a year are raised, and in Asiatic Turkey, where in 1910 about 300,000 acres were reported. In Africa, the crop flourishes only in Tunis, Algeria, and the Union of South Africa; in the two fii-st-named colonies the total surface under this grain is only about a haK mil- lion acres annually; in the last named, the census of 1911 returned an outturn of 9,661,000 bushels. In Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, the onty South American states that report crop acreages, the 3'early sowmgs cover an extent of little more than 3 million acres. In fact, no country of the Southern Hemisphere figures pre- emmcntly as an oats grower; the area in the Australasian colonies even, where conditions might seem favorable to the development of THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 the industry, aggregates little more than a million acres. It is note- worthy, however, that lately its exploitation has attracted tmusual attention in the Provmce of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Since 1908 seedings have expanded from less than a million to over 3 million acres; production, from 33 million bushels to 69 million in 1912 and to IIG million in 1913. As the grain is raised almost solely for ship- ment abroad, this single Provmce has suddenly taken rank second only to Russia as an exporter, 61 million bushels having been em- barked thence in 1912 and 59 million m 1913. The distribution of the oat area of the two principal producing Contments is about 85 million acres annually m Europe, 38J million in the United States, and 10^ million iia Canada. In Europe the oats belt lies almost wholly in latitudes north of those of upper Hungary, farmers to tho south as a whole paymg little attention, compara- tively, to the crop. Of the entire European acreage, over 75 million acres lie north of the parallels above referred to, while in the southern countries, i. e., Portugal, Spam, Italy, Greece, Hungary, Roumania, Bulgaria, Servia, and Turkey, an annual total of less than 8 million acres is sown. Causes contributing to the partial centralization of tho industry m north and central Europe are obvious. Summer oats, the prmcipal variety sow^n, is peculiarly adapted to the shorter seasons of warm weather characteristic of northern latitudes. From time immemorial the grahi has been in the more northerly parts of that Continent the favorite cereal food for animals, especially for horses. In addition to hay, barley, pulse, and the various root crops — swedes, turnips, mangolds, and potatoes — which are dug and fed there by millions of tons each year, oats has been, especially ua winter, an indispensable article of provender. Increasing demand was a constant unpulse to extension of native production. In mod- ern times the anmial ration has been modified, particularly in coun- tries bordermg on the English Channel, by extraordinarily heavy unports of oil-cake (includmg oil-seeds from which cake is manu- factured), barley, locust beans, etc. Maize, though not so popular as an anunal food, especially for swine, as m the United States, is also unported in great volume. Oats, however, has retamed its tradi- tional rank as a stock food and the tendency in many countries has been toward an expansion rather than a contraction of its culture. Moreover, the great European oat belt lies almost wholly m latitudes where maize will not mature, and hence tho smaller grain occupies to some extent an economic position there as an indigenous live- stock food smiilar to that held by corn in the United States. Of the 85 million acres of oats in Europe, about 43 million are in Russia, 11 million in Germany, 10 million in Franco, 5 milhon in Austria, 4 million in the United Kingdom, 3 million in the Scandi- navian states— Sweden, Norway, and Denmark — and 1 million in 14 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 531. Belgium and Netherlands combined. Relative to other grain cultiva- tion, the crop in eoxdi of these countries presents features suggestive of dietary, economic, and commercial customs of the people. In the United Kingdom, Scandinavian states, and Austria a wider extent of land is devoted to oat cultivation than to any other cereal. The short growing season, the universal use of porridge as a breakfast dish in countries north of the English Channel, and the marked preference for the grain and straw as a food for some species of animals, have all contributed to give its cidture a preeminent place in the agriculture of these countries. Production in the United Kingdom even then does not suffice for domestic needs. From 50 million to 60 million bushels a year are drawn from foreign sources. The French, the greatest consumers of wheat per capita in Europe, in efTorts to make native supplies meet domestic requirements, devote a larger area to wheat than to any other cereal, vnth. oats second. In each of the great rye-consuming nations, Germany and Netherlands, the surface annually under oats ranks next in breadth to that of their great bread grain. The premier oat-producing country of the w^orld, however, is Russia; though the area is much less extensive than that of rye or wheat, it represents annually about half the entire European acreage under this cereal. The production, enormous in volume, is consumed for the most part by the native live stock, as is the case in most coun- tries. Annual exports during the past few years have ranged be- tween 58 million and 96 million bushels, consigned in the order of their importance as jjurchasers to the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Ger- many, France, and to other European countries. On the North American Continent oats, measured by the extent cultivated, is the third cereal in importance in the United States and the second in Canada. Though the acreage in the United States is not so extensive as that of the Russian Emphe, the total yield is superior, thercb^^ gi^iiig the Republic rank by a small margin as the leading producer of the world; the normal annual output of each country is upward of a billion 32-pound bushels. In late years the Canadian acreage has increased rapidly and is now almost equal to that of Germany; the increase, however, has been mostb/ in Saskatchewan and Alberta; in the Maritime Prov- inces and Manitoba the industry has made but moderate progress. Almost the entire North American crop is consumed on that conti- nent. Excepting exports of 33 million bushels in 1912 from the United States, the quantities annually shipped abroad have never exceeded from 1 to 2 million bushels and imports have been of like negligible proportions. The lecord exports from Canada were lO^^ million bushels in 1912-13; imports are practically nil. In 1913 the so-caUed world's crop amounted to 4,672 miUion bushels, over 53 million more than that of the preceding year and the THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 largest ever harvested. In every producing country of notevv'-orthj importance as a producer, yields were heavier than in 1912, except- ing a falling off of near 300 million bushels in the United States. Table 7 gives the details of area and production for the past three years in ail countries for which estimates are available. In making comparisons between certain countries it might be noted that in the case of a few— notably Austria, Denmark, France, Roumania, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand — production is stated in bushels of measure, for other countries in 32-pound bushels. As the measured bushel of oats — particularly in northern Europe — v/eighs on an average 39 pounds, the crop of a country measured by that standard would not show its real magnitude when compared with that of another country estimated in bushels of 32 pounds. Original statis- tics, in units of weight, however, are not obtainable for ail countries. Table 7. — Oat crop of countries learned, 1911-1913. Country. NORTH AMERICA. United States Canada: New Brunswick. Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan. . . Alberta other Total Canada. Mexico Total.... SOUTH AMERICA. Argentina. Chile Uruguay . . Total., ELfROPE. Austria-Hungary : Austria ". Hungary proper Croatia-Slavonia Bosnia-Herzegovina. . . Total Austria-Hun- gary Belgium Bulgaria Denmark . . . Finland France Germany. . . Italy Netherlands . Norway Koumania. . Area. A cres. 37, 763, 000 A crcs. 37,917,000 208,000 1,430,000 2,806,000 1,308,000 2,333,000, 1,221,000 325, 000 195,000 1,296,000 2,785,000 1,348,000 2, 556, 000 1,461,000 325, 000 9,631,000 9,966,000 (') 0) 1,980,000 58, 000 29,000 4,641,000 2,653,000 247,000 229,000 7,770,000 2,548,000 6'J, 000 86, 000 4,613,000 2,473,000 239,000 203,000 ,528,000 Production. A Crcs. 38,399,000 195,000 1,303,000 2,814,000 1,398,000 2, 755, 000 1,639,000 330, 000 Bushels. 922,298,000 5,986,000 37,500,000 84,860,000 60,037,000 107,594,000 59,034,000 10,168,000 10,434,000 365,179,000 (•) 17,000 1,287,494,000 2,946,000 (') 47,192,000 1,861,000 590,000 49,643,000 Bushels. 1,418,337,000 5,607,000 33,516,000 97,053,000 57,154,000 117,537,000 67, 630, 000 13, 132, 000 391,629,000 17,000 1,809,983,000 69,169,000 3,380,000 1,825,000 74,374,000 4,707,000 2,866,000 256,000 (') 135,143,000 89, 656, 000 5,554,000 5,405,000 235,758,000 146,376,000 76, 768, 000 3,311,000 4,766,000 231,221,000 Bushels. 1,121,768,000 5,946,000 39,025,000 105,159,000 56,759,000 114,112,000 71,512,000 12,126,000 404,669,000 17,000 1,526,454,000 115,879,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 121,879,000 160,091,000 96,634,000 6,163,000 5,981,000 268,869,000 1 No official statistics 2 Area in 1C07 (census). 16 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 581. Table 7. — Oat crop of countries named, 1911-191.J — rontinued. Country. Area. Production. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1912 1913 1 VOROPE— continued . Rus.sia: Russia proper Poland A errs. 3S,:39,H,000 2, 894, 000 1,311,000 Acres. Acres. Bushels. 690,753,000 78,465,000 23,681,000 Bu.3hcls. Bushels. '.: .' ".:'.\..:v:.:v: Total Russia (Eu- 42,603,000 145,785,000 147,512,000 792,899,000 972,111,000 11,169,490,000 259,000 1,268,000 1,952,000 262,000 1,279,000 (=) (2) 1,351,000 C-) 5,050,000 33,858,000 63,462,000 5,477,000 23,035,000 75,900,000 6,8.89,000 Spain 25,333,000 Sweden 86,000,000 United Kingdom: 1,841,000 200, 000 964, 000 1,040,000 1,806,000 207,000 956, 000 1,046,000 1,772,000 202,000 938,000 1,049,000 74,119,000 7,087,000 36,751,000 59,207,000 68,431,000 7,040,000 37,928,000 66, 867, 000 70,387,000 "Wales 6,981,000 Scotland 37,148,000 Ireland 66,610,000 Total, United King- dom 4,051,000 4,075,000 3,961,000 177,164,000 180,206,000 181,126,000 Total 2,3.53,295,000 2, .584, 171, 000 2, 960, 929, 000 ASIA. Cyprus r-) (=) (2) 466,000 419,000 500,000 Russia: 1,024,000 3,9.53,000 2,000 12,197,000 53,272,000 37,000 Siberia . Total Russia (Asiatic) 4,979,000 (') (') 65,506,000 95,473,000 (^) Total 1 65,972,000 95,892,000 AFRICA. 434,000 148, 000 (2) 476,000 124,000 (2) 539,000 (=) (2) 11,520,000 4,650,000 9,661,000 12,351,000 2,007,000 < 9,061,000 17,973,000 Tunis 4,134,000 Union of South Africa 4 9,061,000 Total. .... 1 25, .831, 000 24,079,000 31,768,000 AUSTRALA.SIA. Australia: 2,000 78,000 393,000 78,000 62,000 64,000 1,000 71,000 302,000 108,000 84,000 51,000 4,000 C') C-) 156,000 (2) (2) 52,000 1,756,000 10,005,000 1, 172, 000 801,000 2,128,000 6,000 1,191,000 4,730,000 1,392,000 992,000 1,552,000 85,000 New South Wales Victoria South Australia AVestern Australia Tasmania 1,726,000 Total Australia 677,000 617,000 874,000 15,914,000 9, 863, 000 16,625,000 New Zealand 303,000 404,000 387,000 10,412,000 20,282,000 14,013,000 Total Australasia 980,000 1,021,000 1,261,000 2ti, 326, 000 30,145,000 30, 638, 000 3,808,561,000 4,618,644,000 4,672,168,000 1 Includes Asiatic Russia (10 Governments of). 2 No official statistics. 3 Included in European Russia. * Repetition of 1911 census figures. Table 8. — T'otal production of oats in countries named in Table 7, 1895-1913. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Production. 1895 1896 1897.^ 1898.. 1899 Bushels. 3,008,154,000 2,847,115,000 2,633.971,000 2, 903; 974, 000 3,256,256,000 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Bushels. 3,166,002,000 2,862,615,000 3,626,303,000 3,378,034,000 3,011,302,000 1905 1900 1907 1908 1909 Bushels. 3,510,167,000 3,544,961,000 3,603,893,000 3, .591, 012, 000 4, 312, .8.82, 000 1910 1911 1912 1913 • Bu.'ihcls. 4,182,410,000 3,808,501,000 4,618,044,000 4,072,108,000 THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 17 OATS FROM CANADA. By Frank Andrews. The increased importation of corn from Argentina has ])een accom- panied by an unusual importation of oats from Canada into the United States. Rehitively small consignments were received in July, August, and September, 1913, and with October a larger movement began. In that month the total imports of oats into the United States amounted to about 2,525,000 bushels, in November to 5,132,000, in December to 5,578,000, and in January, 1914, 2,959,000. AH but a very smaU proportion of these imports was received from Canada, the amounts from other countries being but a few hundred bushels at the most in a month. The total imports during the four months endhig January, 1914, amounted to over 16,000,000 bushels, or more than the total imports during the seven years jjeginning July 1, 1906, and ending June 30, 1913. The m- creased importation followed a short harvest. The oat crop of tlie United States in 1913 was 297,000,000 bushels under the crop of 1912, which, however, was the largest on record, and from which nearly 34,000,000 bushels were exported from the United States. In 1911 the short crop of 922,000,000 bushels was foUowed by an importa- tion, ^chiefly from Canada, of 2,622,000 bushels. The crops, imports, and exports for a series' of years are shown in Table 9. The average farm price of oats in the United States on December 1, 1913, was 39.2 cents, or 7.3 cents per bushel above the corresponding price December 1, 1912. For the month of December, 1913, the cash prices of contract oats at Chicago ranged from 37f cents to 40J cents per bushel and in the corresponding month of 1912, 31 ^ to 33| cents per bushel; the increase in price in December, 1913, was approxi- mately the same both on the farms of the United States and at Chi- cago, the increase being not far from 7 cents per busliel. In 1910, when the crop was about 5 per cent greater than that of 1913, the price at Chicago in December ranged from 31 to 32 J cents per bushel for contract oats, or about the same as in 1912, and the average farm price for the United States December 1, 1910, v/as 34.4 cents, or 2.5 cents above 1912. The 1910 crop was not low enough to invite im- ports to any extent, the total receipts from foreign countries in the 12 months following July 1, 1910, being slightly over 107,000 bushels. In the following year, however, when production dropped below 1 billion bushels, the farm price on December 1 rose to 45 cents per bushel, or about one-third more than in the preceding year; and the Chicago prices were from 45f to 47f cents per bushel, while the imports in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1911, rose to 2,622,000 bushels, the high- est figure for 3 years, 32786°— Bull. 581—14 3 18 FABMEK.S' BULLETIN 581. It is apparent, therefore, that the short crop and the large imports of oats for 1913 were not attended by a great increase of price in the United States. Table 9. — Production, exports, and imports of oats, for the United States, 1906-1913. Trod net ion. Exports (domestic), 12 months beginning Julyl. Imports, 12 months beginning July 1. Year. From Canada. From other countries. Total. 1906 Bushels. 964,905,000 754,443,000 807,156,000 1,007,129,000 1,186,341,000 922,298,000 1,418,337,000 1,121,768,000 Bushels. 4,014,042 1,158,622 1,510,230 1,685,474 2,044,912 2,171,503 33, 759, 177 BiLshels. 72, 707 273,826 5,047,636 946, 479 97, 062 2, 609, 307 708,033 Bushels. 1,845 90, 481 1,619,353 88, 032 10, 256 13,050 15,866 Bushels. 74, 552 1907 364,307 1908 0,666,989 1909 1,034,511 1910 107, 313 1911 2,622,357 1912 723,899 1913 1 The oat crop of Canada in 1908-1912 averaged 328,000,000 bush- els a year, of which 2 per cent was exported. Hence the average yearly surplus of Canada was equal to only 0.6 of 1 per cent of the average crop of the United States. More than one-half of the Canadian production of 1908-1^)12 was harvested in the region extending from the crest of the Canadian Rocky Mountains to Lake Superior, and embraced in the Provinqes of Alberta, Saskat- chewan, and Manitoba. The crops of the Province of Ontario also were large ones, usually exceeding those of any single province except Saskatchewan; hence, the principal oat-producing regions of Canada border on the United States from eastern New York to western Idaho, and are connected by convenient rail or water transportation with most of the leading grain markets of this country. OTHER WORLD CROPS. By Charles M. Daugherty. THE WORLD BARLEY CROP. Barley has a remarkable adaptability to different environments. It is a favorite grain in a number of subtropical regions; is the sec- ond most important grain in Japan, and continues to hold its place in the countries of the ancient civilizations in western Asia and bordermg the Mediterranean. Its cultivation in western Asia is mentioned in very ancient writmgs, and a wild, two-rowed barley is still found m Palestme that has been claimed to be the parent of ths cultivated variety. Notwithstandmg its apparent southern origin, it is grown more successfully than any other gram in extreme northern latitudes, being often the leading grain crop in such regions, THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 particularly in northern Enropc and in Iceland. It grows also at very high elevations. W^iile barley is used large!}' for malting purposes, it forms the prmcipal dependence for stock feed in northern regions not suitable for the growing of crops more generally appreciated as food for live stock. Its excellence for this purpose also assists to maintain its importance in the more southern latitudes. Similarly, its use as an important human food, which in ancient times was very general, still persists in Japan, in western Asia, and in north Africa, while in districts of the north of Europe, where climatic conditions are too rigorous for other cereal crops, barley becomes the main dependence for bread, as does rye in the less ex- treme northern latitudes. Its use elsewhere is general, but not large, being most commonly utilized in the form of "pearl" barley for soups, etc. Though the production of barley in this country, excepting that grown in the Pacific Coast States, is at present miportant only in those States settled largely by farmers from the northern regions of Europe familiar with the cultivation of this grain in their former home lands, it is a crop suitable for a large portion of the country, includmg the Southern States. The production in the United States is increasing more rapidly than any of the other leading cereals. From 1870 to the banner cereal year 1912 it increased ninefold, agamst fourfold for oats, threefold for corn and wheat, and twofold for rye. The international trade in barley is nearly one-third as large as that in wheat, but is material only for a few countries, almost two- thirds of that exported coming from Russia, and considerably more than half of the total imports being taken by Germany. German imports m 1913 were close to 150 million bushels, and those into Great Britam over 50 million. Exports from both countries are insignificant. The Netherlands imported over 40 million bushels, which, coupled with exports almost as great, show the movement to have been largely through, rather than merely into, that country. Belgium imported over 17 million bushels. Imports into other countries are of little moment. Kussia's contribution of about 177 million bushels to the inter- national trade, in 1913 was supplemented by exports of about 30 million from the Netherlands, 17 from Roumania, 14 from Canada, 12 from the United States, 12 from Hungary, and 10 from India, v/ith relatively small exports from other countries. 20 FARMERS BULLETIN 581. Table 10. — BurJeij crop of countries named, 1911-1913. Couutry. Area. Production. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1912 1913 NORTH AMERICA. United States Acres. 7, 627, 000 Acres. 7, 530, 000 Acres. 7,499,000 Bushels. 160, 240, 000 Bushels. 223,824,000 Bushels. 178,189,000 (Canada: New Bmnswick Quebec 3,000 100, 000 520, 000 448,000 274,000 164,000 13,000 3,000 94,000 512,000 481,000 292, 000 187,000 13,000 2,000 89, 000 485,000 496,000 332, 000 197,000 12,000 79,000 2,271,000 13, 722, 000 14,949,000 8,661,000 4,356,000 377,000 74,000 2,226,000 15,093,000 15,826,000 9,575,000 6,179,000 405, 000 74,000 2,263,000 14 589 OOO Ontario Manitoba 14,305,000 10,421,000 6 334 000 Saskatchewan Alberta Other '333^000 Total Canada 1,522,000 1,582,000 1,613,000 44,415,000 49, 378, 000 48,319,000 Mexico (') (') (1) 6,500,000 6,500,000 7,000,000 Total 211,155,000 279,702,000 233,508,000 EUROPE. Austria-Hiingarj- : Austria 2, 710, 000 2, 736, 000 158, 000 180, 000 2,634,000 2,603,000 156, 000 220, 000 2, 699, 000 2, 866, 000 158,000 (') 69,383,000 73,596,000 2, 640, 000 2,970,000 74,145,000 70, 140, 000 1,978,000 2,857,000 75 923 000 Hungary proper Croatia-Slav onia Bosnia-Herzegovina 75,845,000 2,956,000 3, 904, 000 Total Austria-Hun- gary 5,784,000 5,613,000 148,589,000 149,120,000 158,628,000 Belgium 83,000 621,000 2 578,000 (') 1,908,000 3,917,000 612, 000 09, 000 2 89, 000 1,253,000 84,000 (') (') 0) 1,877,000 3, 928, 000 604, 000 66,000 (') 1,235,000 84,000 (') (') (>) 1,890,000 4, 087, 000 620, 000 66, 000 (') 1,390,000 4, 445, 000 12,390,000 21,016,000 6,631,000 47,631,000 14.5,132,000 10, 882, 000 3, 416, 000 2, 550. 000 26, 157, 000 4, 316, 000 10, 000, 000 22, 872, 000 6, 759, 000 49, 079, 000 159, 924, 000 8, 403, 000 3, 364, 000 3, 086, 000 21,295,000 4, 142, OOO 10 000 000 Bulgaria Denmark 23, 000, 000 Finland 6, 368, 000 48,370,000 188 709,000 France Germany Italy 10, 803, 000 3,296,000 Ketherlands Norway 3 202,000 Roumania 27, 339, 000 Russia: Russia proper 23,013,000 1,240,000 3, 836, 000 320,959,000 27, 938, 000 55, 296, 000 Poland Northern Caucasia Total Russia (Euro- pean) 3 2S, 089, 000 ■> 28, 873, 000 ^31,197,000 404,193,000 i 464, 200, 000 4 574,118,000 Servia 255 000 '^f'' 111 (') 3,869,000 4 609 000 4 "■■^ 111 ' 3, 445, 000 68 772 000 Spain 3, 567, 000 446,000 3, 298, 000 (■) 86, 792, 000 13, 725, 000 59, 994, 000 13,660,000 Sweden 17 000,01X1 United Kingdom: England 1, 337, 000 87,000 174,000 158, 000 1,365,000 92, 000 192, 000 165, 000 1, 470, 000 90, 000 198,000 173, 000 43, 378, 000 2,729,000 6, 489, 000 7, 039, 000 42, 897, 000 2, 839, 000 7,117,000 7, 259, 000 49, 337, 000 2, 788, 000 7, 598, 000 8, 004, 000 Wales... . Scotland . ; Ireland • Total United King- dom 1,756,000 1,814,000 1,931,000 59 695 000 fin 119 nnn 67, 727, 000 Total 997,853,000 1, 040, 961, 000 1,214,919,000 ASIA. Briti.sh India 7, 840, 000 (') (') (') (■) (') (') 2, 229, 000 0) 2, 049, 000 (I) Cyprus 2 100,000 Japanese Empire: Japan 3, 173, 000 3,000 3, 132, 000 (') 3, 296, 000 (') 86, 468, 000 46, 000 90,559,000 45,000 101 073,000 Formosa 46,000 Total Japanese Em- pire 86, 514, 000 90, 604, 000 101,119,000 > No official statistics. * Area in 1907 (Census). 3 Exclusive of winter barley. * Includes Asiatic Russia (10 Governments of). THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 21 Table 10. — Barleij crop of countries named, 1911-191-3 — Continued. Area. Production. Country. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1912 1913 ASIA — continued. Russia: Acres. 420, 000 451,000 2,000 Acres. Acres. Bushels. 5,694,000 4, 300, 000 27,000 Bushels. Bushels. Total Russia( Asiatic)!. 873,000 (2) r-) 10,021,000 12,263,000 (.-) Total 98,764,000 104,916,000 103.219.000 AFRICA. Algeria Tunis 3,320,000 1,193,000 V) 3,430,000 1,119,000 (3) 3, 152, 000 47,588,000 13, 319, COO 1, 359, 000 32, SS7, 000 3. 070, 000 * 1,359,000 50,031,000 6, 400, 000 Union of South Africa 4 1,359,000 Total 62, 266, 000 37,316,000 57.790.000 AUSTRALASIA. Australia: 6, 000 7,000 53, 000 34,000 3, 000 5,000 2,000 11,000 53, 000 41,000 4,000 6,000 9,000 (') (■■') 69,000 (') 86, 000 85,000 1,383,000 562, 000 35, 000 147,000 16,000 133,000 1,057,000 725, 000 38, 000 153,000 151,000 New South Wales ^133,000 M, 057, 000 Western Australia Tasmania 1,360,000 5 38, 000 6 153,000 Total Vustralia 108, 000 117,000 2, 298, 000 2, 122, 000 2, 892, 000 New Zealand 34,000 32,000 37,000 950,000 I, 296, 000 1,420,000 142, 000 149,000 3,248,000 3,418,000 4,312,000 1, 373, 286, 000 1; 466, 313, 000 1,613,748,000 .v\.' . - 1 Exclusive of winter barley. - Included in European Russia. ' No official statistics. 4 Figures for 1911 repeated, s Figures for 1912 repeated. Table 11. — Total production of barley iti countries named in Tabic 10, 1S95-191S. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Production. 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 Bushels. 915,504,000 932, 100, 000 864,605,000 1,030,581,000 965,720,000 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Bushels. 959, 622, 000 1,072,195,000 1.229,132,000 1,235,786,000 1,175,784,000 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 Btishels. 1, 180, 053, 000 1,296,579,000 1,271,237,000 1,274,897,000 1, 458, 203, 000 1910 1911 1912 1913 Bushels. 1,. 388, 7.34,000 1, 373, 286, 000 1,466,313,000 1,613,748,000 THE WORLD RYE CROP. The surface annually sown to ryo in the world amounts approxi- mately to 108 million acres; of this the heavy proportion of 95 per cent, or 103 million acres, is in Europe, the continent where the plant is believed to have originated. Native to the territory between the Black and Caspian Seas, its cultivation has expanded, partly because of an exceptional i)ower of resistance to the damaging effects of rig- orous winters, over large areas of central and northern Europe In Russia, Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands the grain is grown over a broader extent of land than any other cereal, and to the great mass of the population of these countries the "black bread" made 22 FARMERS BULLETIN 581. from rye flour is the cliief article of food. Other States in the rye belt — Denmark, Sweden, and Norway — though cultivating oats more than any other grain, give second place to rye. Rye cakes, especially in Sweden, are the great staple of consumption. In the restriction of its culture on an important scale to a few European nations, rye is, among the great food grains, unique. In the countries mentioned above an aggregate of over 94 million acres are now sown annually, while in all other Europe the total area each year is less than 9 million. The cultivation on other continents is of small comparative importance. So far as statistics show, less than 3 million acres arc grown in Asia, none in Africa, excepting about 20,000 acres in the Union of South Africa, only a few thousand acres in South America and Australia, and a total of loss than 3 million acres in the United States and Canada. Table 12. — Bye crop of countries named, 1911-1913. Country. Area. rroduction. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1912 1913 NOEXn AMERICA. United States Acres. 2,127,000 Acres. 2,117,000 A cres. 2,557,000 Bushels. 33,119,000 Bushels. 35, 664, 000 Bushels. 41,381,000 Canada : Quebec 13,000 97, 000 5,000 2,000 14,000 (') 11,000 93,000 5,000 3,000 15,000 (1) 10,000 85, 000 5,000 3,000 16,000 (') 200,000 1,728,000 104,000 61,000 394,000 5,000 173,000 1,711,000 105,000 57,000 377,000 5,000 156,000 1,567,000 103,000 Saskatchewan 68,000 Alberta 398,000 other 8,000 Total Canada 131,000 127, 000 119,000 2,492,000 2, 428, 000 2,300,000 Mexico (=) (') 0) 70,000 70,000 70,000 Total 35,681,000 38,162,000 43,751,000 EUROPE. Austria-Hungary : 4,995,000 2,557,000 176,000 30,000 5,021,000 2, 660, 000 188,000 41,000 4,853,000 2,677,000 167,000 105,269,000 47,782,000 2,541,000 379,000 119,629,000 49,000,000 1,350,000 450,000 109,099,000 Hungary proper Croatia-Slavonia Bosnia-Herzegovina 52,256,000 2,553,000 066,000 Total Austria-Him- 7,758,000 7,910,000 155,971,000 170,420,000 164,574,000 Belctium 648, 000 545,000 3 682, 000 2,902,000 15,161,000 302,000 557, 000 3 37, 000 326,000 (^) (^) I') b) 2,969,000 15, 489, 000 305, 000 564,000 265, 000 (2) (^) i') (») 2, 958, 000 15,849,000 307, 000 562, 000 (2) 224,000 24,360,000 8,992,000 19,286,000 10, 153, 000 45,894,000 427,776,000 5,297,000 16,110,000 948, COO 4,989,000 21,342,000 10,000,000 IS, 473, 000 12,344,000 48, 890, 000 456,600,000 5,285,000 16, 094, 000 1,042,000 3,583,000 21,385,000 Bulgari a 9,000,000 Denmark 18, 736, 000 Finland 12,104,000 France 52, 677, 000 Germany 481,169,000 Italy 5,. 589, 000 Netherlands 15,265,0100 Norvv'ay 973,000 Eoumania 3,711,000 Eussia: Ivussia proper 65,0.-8,000 5, 258. 000 520, 000 e-!2, 173, CrOO 95, 453, 000 4,739,000 Poland Northern Caucasia. . Total Russia (Euro- pean) 70,836,000 < 72, 933, 000 « 74, 990, 000 742,365,000 1,011,029,000 U, 002,468,000 1 Less than 500 acres. 2 No offlcial statistics. 8 Area in 1907 (census). * Includes Asiatic Russia. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 23 Table 12. — Rye crop of countries named, 1911-1913 — Continued. Area. Production. Country. 1911 1912 1913 1911 1912 1913 EUROPE— coutinued. Servia A ores. 123,000 1,987,000 989, 000 55,000 A cres. 123,000 1,944,000 Q) 62,000 Acres. (') 1,917,000 C) 58,000 Bushels. 1,711,000 28,897,000 23,825,000 1,750,000 Bushels. 1,748,000 18,867,000 23,323,000 1,500,000 Bushels. 1,378,000 Spain 27,916,000 Sweden 22,000,000 1,750,000 Total 1,518,324,000 1,820,540,000 1,840,695,000 ASL\.. Russia: 241,000 2,113,000 1,000 587,000 19, 086, 000 13, 000 Total Russia (Asiatic) 2,355,000 (=) (2) 1" 19,686,000 32,953,000 C) AUSTRALASU. Australia: C) 1,000 (*) C) 2,000 59,000 34,000 8,000 6,000 24, 000 * 2,000 Victoria 4,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 26, 000 10,000 7,000 3,000 13,000 50,000 25,000 South Australia 10,000 8,000 Tasmania 2,000 15,000 10,000 6,000 133,000 59,000 110,000 4,000 6.000 (') 1 109,000 90, 000 90,000 14,000 1 12,000 242,000 1 149,000 200,000 1,573,933,000 1,891,804,000 1,884,646,000 1 No official statistics. 2 Included under European Russia. 3 Less than 500 acres. * No oflicial statistics of area. Table 13. — Total production of nje in countries named in Table 12. 1S95-1913. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Production. 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 Bushels. 1,468,212,000 1,499,250,000 1,300,645,000 1,461,171,000 1,583,179,000 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Bushels. 1,557,634,000 1,416,022,000 1,047,845,000 1,659,961,000 1,742,112,000 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 Bushels. 1,495,751,000 1,433,395,000 1,538,778,000 1,590,057,000 1,747,123,000 1910 1911 1912 1913 Bushels. 1,673,473,000 1,573,933,000 1,891,804,000 1,884,646,000 THE WORLD POTATO CROP. Table 14 gives as near!}" ajs possible the area under potatoes tlirougli- out the world in 1910, 1911, and 1912, and the world's production for the same years. The areas and production for 1913 are available for a few countries, but their total would not be comparable to the totals of the preceding years. The most strildng fact exhibited in the table is the immense preponderance of Germany in the produc- tion of this crop. Out of a total of 5,945,846,000 bushels, tho world's crop of 1912, Germany produced 1,844,863,000 bushels, or 31 per cent. It is remarkable that the immense Russian Empire, with 8,291,429 square miles, produced only about three-fourths the quantity of potatoes that Germany produced on her 208,780 square 24 PARMERS BULLETIN 581. miles, while the United States, with 3,026,789 square miles, produced not quite one-fourth the German crop, although the area under potatoes in the United States was nearly half the potato area of Germany, and the Russian potato area exceeded that of Germany by nearly 3,000,000 acres. The explanation is to be found in the j^act that only 28 per cent of the German potato crop is used for human consumption, while the rest is used in the arts and for stock food. For the last-named purpose nearly 42 per cent is used, show- ing that Germany, with a very limited area of pasture land, has to depend largely on garnered produce to feed her live stock. The steady increase of the German potato crop, with a practically sta- tionary acreage, shows the possibilities of intensive cultivation. By comparing the production of 1911 with that of 1912, for the principal countries, it is seen that the former was a lean year, the latter a fat year,' representing an advance not only over 1911 but in most cases over earlier years, the German production of 1912 b&ing the highest on record. The United Kingdom is an exception, its production in 1912 having been the lowest since 1908. Table 14. — Acreage arid production of potatoes, 1910-1912. Country. Area. Production. 1910 1911 1912 1910 1911 , 1912 NORTH AMERICA. Tnited States (contigu- ous) Acres. 3,720,000 Acres. 3,619,000 Acres. 3,711,000 Busliels. 349,032,000 Bushels. 292,737,000 Bushels. 420,647,000 Canada: Prince E dward Island . . Nova Scotia 31.000 31,000 40,000 125,000 158,000 26,000 24,000 20, 000 11,000 31.000 31,000 41,000 124. 000 157,000 26,000 30,000 24.000 15,000 33,000 32,000 43,000 116,000 158,000 27,000 31,000 27,000 17,000 4,203,000 3,582,000 5,228,000 15,548,000 17,295,000 2,866.000 2.917.000 2,. 340, 000 1,631,000 5,581,000 5,641,000 8,826,000 15,763,000 16,043,000 5,490,000 5,510,000 4,600,000 3,778,000 6,741,000 9,447,000 New Brunswick Quebec 7,-558,000 15,945,000 Ontario 22,090,000 Manitoba 6,182,000 Saskatchewan 6,552,000 Alberta 5,775,000 British Columbia 3,995,000 Total Canada 466,000 479,000 484,000 55,610,000 71.238,000 84,885,000 (1) 0) 0) 0) 924,000 1.542.000 924,000 1,533,000 924,000 Newfoundland 1,524,000 Total 407.108.000 366,432,000 507,980,000 SOUTH AMERICA. 127,000 53,000 267.000 68,000 (1) 66,000 44.564.000 7, 862, 000 18,923,000 7,440,000 50,000,000 Chile 9, 656, 000 Total 52,426,000 26,363,000 59,656,000 EUROPE. Austria-Hungary : 3,069,000 1,508,000 193,000 97,000 3,108,000 2,666,000 190,000 49, 000 3,092.000 2,659,000 240,000 62,000 491,126,000 176,974,000 28,490,000 5,048,000 426,406,000 163,067,000 23,138,000 2,329,000 460,821,000 Hungary proper Croatia-Slav onia Bosnia-Herzegovina 199.017,000 22,997,000 3,472,000 Total Austria -Hun- gary 4,867,000 6,013,000 6,053,000 701,638,000 614,940,000 686,307,000 Belgium (■) 7,000 134,000 (') 387,000 8,000 134,000 (') 151,000 (') 104,719,000 432,000 30,517,000 17,386,000 100,9.34,000 511,000 29.523.000 22,691,000 100,000,000 Bulgaria 500,000 Denmark 28. 889, 000 Finland 23, 488, 000 I No official statistics. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Tab.k U.^Acreage and production of potatoes, ,o,o-L9.. -Continued. 25 Country . EUROPE— continued . France Germany Greece Italy... Luxemburg Malta Netherlands Norway Roumania: Potatoes alone Potatoes among corn. Total Roumania | Russia: Russia proper Poland .-•• Northern Caucasia. Total Russia (Euro- pean) Servla Spain Sweden Switzerland Unitetll^'ingdom: England Scotland Wales Ireland Total United King- dom Total. Japan . Russian Asiatic Total Algeria Union of South Africa: Capo of Good Hope... Natal Transvaal. Onuigc Free btatc. Acres. 3 SL'a.OOO S. 145, 000 702,000 3(5,000 4,000 401,000 102,000 2.5,000 50,000 Aaes. 3 853,000 8,207.000 (') 712,000 36,000 4,000 411,000 102,000 30,000 01,000 Acres I Bushels. 3,863,000 313.189,000 8 2.57,000 1,597,1/4,000 C) 712,000 37,000 (') 426,000 102,000 30,000 60,000 331.000 56,563,000 5,085,000 054,000 88,377,000 22,398,000 3,847,000 999,000 4,846,000 8,059,000 2,. 586,000 202. 000 10.Si7,000 28,000 79S, 000 377,000 0) 8,166,000 2,606,000 203,000 377,000 137, 000 26,000 593,000 10,975,000 31,000 378, 000 (1) (') 0) (') 898. 152, 000 400, 234. 000 15,637,000 5,669,000 Bushels. 552,074,000 1,844,863,000 551,000 56,313.000 8.683.000 2 834,000 121,878,000 29,825,000 3,748,000 1,084,000 4,832,000 C) 632,000 0) 0) 403,000 143,000 27,000 591,000 437,000 150,000 26,000 595,000 ,314,023,000 XllO^OOO 91,014,000 66,855,000 46,712,000 1.113,099,000 1,356,824,000 851,120,000 925,775,000 078 3(;-9,000 411.281,000 13 670,000 I 19,768,000 2,154,000 92,000,000 58,391,000 2 46,712,000 1,133,000 1,164,000 1,208,000 92 108,000 1 99,858,000 32' 790 000 36,107,000 4 915 000 6,547,000 107' 178 000 137,941,000 2,134,000 93,089,000 65,765,000 2 46,712,000 78,961,000 35,041,000 4,704,000 95,077,000 236,991,000 |^0J5M00_|_213^783^ rm0l4y000'J4, 323, 270^i 5^;^g^^^ Australia : Queensland New South Wales. Victoria South Australia.. Western Australia. Tasmania. Total Australia. New Zealand . Total Australasia.. Grand total. 1 No official statistics. 32786°— Bull. 581-14 4 2 Data for 1911. i;^i^8,000 14,799,807,000 5,945,846,000 3 Census figures for 1911. 26 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 581. THE WORLD FLAX CROP. Pre\ious to the invention of the cotton gin, the flax plant was tire chief source of raw material for the textile industries and for the spinning and weaving handicrafts that were an essential feature of every household. Excepting in Europe, its culture for fiber during the subsequent century practically ceased, and an extensive industry — confined almost exclusively to certain parts of the laiited States, Canada, Argentina, and British India — has been developed in the cultivation of the plant for its seed, the straw with a few miimportant exceptions being treated as a cumbereome waste. The seed is utilized almost entirely for the extraction of linseed oil, valuable because of its exceptional drying properties, in the manufacture of paint, linoleum, patent leather, printer's ink, and soap; the residue, linseed oilcake, because of its high nitrogenous content, is one of the most valuable of cattle feeds. Modern flax culture therefore serves two important purposes; of the 19 milhon acres which approximately represent the total area sown in the world, upward of 5 million acres (of which 3^ million acres are in Russia) arc devoted primarily to the production of fiber; the remaining 14 million acres are cultivated almost exclusively for the seed. Cultivation differs somewhat according to the purpose for which the product is designed. In fiber production the sowing of from 2 to 3 bushels of seed per aci'e, and the careful pulling and handling of the straw by hand, has for its chief object long straight and silky fiber; the yield of seed, partly because the plant is usually cut a little before maturity, is generally small. The seed, however, constitutes a product of valuable secondary importance, especiall}^ in Russia, where the enormous acreage, even with a small }deld per acre, gives the country rank as one of the largest producers. In other fiber- producing countries the saving of the seed is of minor importance and in Iieland it is neglected altogether. In the culture of flax for seed, on the other hand, the common cus- tom is to sow only from 2 to 3 pecks per acre. The result is a short straw and a coarse fiber, and the effect of the subsequent thrashing of the seed by machinery is to destroy whatever value the straw may have had for textile purposes. In no country where flax is grown exclusively for the 'seed does the straw to any great extent serve manufacturing uses; probably the most successful example is the manufacture in a small way of binder twine, though many efforts have been made to use it for paper stock and some other purposes. In this connection it may be of interest to note that, after the close of the Civil War, when flax growing for seed in the United States was largely concentrated in southern Oliio, quite an extensive industry sprang up there in the manufacture of cotton bagging from the THE AGPilGULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 2-7 coarse fiber obtained from the stmw, an otherwise vahaeless product. The removal of the customs duty on the competing prockict, jute, together vnih other causes, soon annihihited the industry. Fhixseed cultivation in its migratory movement northwestward to its present center in the Dakotas and western Canada has since increased in mammoth proportions, but the industry of utilizing the fiber in the manufacture of cotton bagging has never been resumt^d. Of the four countries which produce flax for the seed alone, Argen- tina in the winter of 1913-14 produced, according to the preliminary estimate of the Argentine Department of Agriculture, 38,974,000 bushels from 2,614,000 acres. Canada's crop in the fall of 1913 was 17,539,000 bushels from 1,552,800 acres; the 1913 crop of the United States was 17,583,000 bushels from 2,291,000 acres, and that har- vested in British India in the spring of 1913 was 21,428,000 bushels. The total 1913 product of the four countries which, excepting the crop of Russia, constitutes the commercial crop of the world, was almost 98 million bushels, as compared with 102 million bushels in the previous year. Table 15 is a detailed statement of the area and pro- duction of flaxseed and flax fiber for the years 1912, 1911, and 1910 for all countries for which figures are available. 28 FARMEES BULLETIN 581. •^ ^ 0000 .— ri 000000 -3 cm" <20 ^— t^-a< « CO 1^ -H -H I.-3 e ">C^C^o 00 c^ Oi 6 0, 1 li 00 CD>O^00 Cd -V C>J i 0000 -, 000000 0000 000000 0000 000000 1 oe^ oc ot^^ocToTo' ■^ CO ^ C^l t-- r^ CM Ol-n< 0000 OOJO Oi ?J s o a 30 •rTc'o-j^ a, 1 ^^ CS 'f OJ 0000 ""^ 000000 0000 <3 0000 a 000000 8 o rt CM coo ocTocoooo 05 Ci T" CM 00000 co^ s 3 rH-*-,0 OC Ot^rt OC-lTt< 3 c .2 a, 00 XrH r^ 00 CO -^^ -^ —1 r- CM CO rH o 3 00000 a Q oc c 0000 c 000000 h s 00000 c p 0000 c 000000 Ph 0,-O 00000 1 ° 00 0000 c 000000 e^ oc CO Tj) C^ oTcm'^o oT c •> fc§ 00 c: c £ cs -^ oC^CC ^C^^ CM CO t^ H ^cs cs •* 1 0000c c oc 000 000000 000 0000c oc oo^o^ 000000 S3 rH 0> C-5.1~- e- to"- io"^t-^ cT-^-o-rcM-CTrcM" o OOOCO i—O- 01 C^l ^ ^ ^ ifr CM CO *o tM c St- »■-■ oc t^ ■«', '^C) co~ OOOOC c 1 c 1 000 00000 c <3 OOOOC c 00000 c 3 ^ (-- .-102 w ;= -1 :0 --H 00^ -h'^cm crTcrT J. CC CO oco C5C ■;^ ic CM ei CO < JJ «-> ^ ■0 . u- i-oC ^c co~ 1 1 •i d > ^ i 1 a; 5 i~ M s -< <1 C t J a & !i O c T 14 i~. -i '^ > i $ C c 2^t p,(3 S 1 ns {. xkS ^ 73 " mada: Quebec Ontario Manitol Saskatc — c C r e t > '1 ustria-Hu Austria Hungar C'roatia- Rosnia- 1 2 5 ;6 -11 aj Is < < ffl ^ £ z « THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 ££ "^ : £ 8 o : 1 : r^ ^£ ^ • o • o : ° : ° ooc o '■ i : ££S o" S § O • t-' -^ o oo o coo o o o c-forf c>f— "oT o ! ££8 £ o • o ■ o : ° i '~ i s s o o (M O C^ CM CO o o o cs 8 o co" o" ■-0 to"" o oc ooc ooc 1^ CO c C0 05 t S 8 = o o ■ o ■ 8 g O o in ii^" 1 to" o 8 oo o ooc ooc cc'iTc -* ^ c to i 8 s o ■5 —1 ;S : • o • . ;§- : o o ^ cvT o e.' • CO C^l o .^ 1 o o OOC ooocc 5 O f o" CO o o o o o o : i §s§ -■ ill o . — a :e cfl 3 o C s 3 & M 3 "o ^1 MM a ; :3 : . :^ . •< : .a i "H •a w 1 < 3 (U .2 1 ■B •i 3 1 o 1 o ■4 u < s 3 "3 c 3 2 o 30 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 581. Table 16. — Total production of Jlax (seed and fiber) in countries named in Table 15, 1S96-1912. Year. Production. Year. Production. Seed. Fiber. Seed. Fiber. 1S9G Bushels. 82,684,000 57,596,000 72,938,000 66,347,000 62,431,000 72,314,000 Pounds. 1,714,205,000 1,498,054,000 1,780,693,000 1,138,763,000 1,315,931,000 1 . 0.^iO. '260. 000 1905 Bushels. 100,458,000 >i^, 165, 000 102,960,000 100, 850, 000 100, 820, 000 85,053,000 101,118,000 126,200,000 Pounds. 1,494,229,000 1,871,723,000 1897 1906 1898 1907 2, 042, 390, 000 1899 1908 1,907, .591, 000 1900 1909 1,381,524,000 891,112,000 1901 1910 1902 :. 83,891,000 i;5(i4;846i600 110,455,000 1,492,383,000 107,743,000 1.517.922.000 1911 1,284,607,000 1903 1912 1904 , ARGENTINE BEEF. By George K. Holmes. MOST PROMINENT NEW SUPPLY. Chilled and frozen beef is coming from Argentina at a rate of 9,000,000 pounds monthly, and the importations are exciting con- jectures concerning their importance in the supply of dressed beef for consumption in the United States. In October last this country received from Argentina 2,069,794 pounds of chilled and frozen beef; in November, 3,988,898 pounds; in December, 9,440,488 pounds; in January, 8,935,797 pounds; or, in the fom' months, a total of 24,434,977 pounds. Argentina, hov\'ever, contributed 58 per cent to the total imports of chilled and frozen beef during the four months, the remainder cofuing from Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay, Canada, and Mexico. Argentina is far in the lead as a source of imports of dressed beef into this countr}^, and has future possibilities of enormous increase, and therefore an examination of the factors of the situation is timely. RISE OF THE ARGENTINE EXPORT TRADE. Many years ago Argentina established an export trade in salted beef, at a time before fresh beef was preserved by freezing or chilling, and years ago also live cattle were exported, chiefly to England. In the com'se of time Argentine cattle became infected with the foot and mouth disease, and the British Government, to protect home cattle, prohibited the importation of live cattle from Argentina. Argentina, however, had become too imi3orta,nt a source of fresh beef to the United Kingdom to be lost, and consequently British and other companies cstabHshed slaughtering and freezing works in Argentina knd exported the frozen beef, mostly to England. A revolutionary element was introduced into the Argentme ex- portation of frozen beef by the diminishing per capita supply of beef in the United States, which rapidly led to the extinction of the ex- port trade of this country in refrigerated beef. This beef had mostly THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 31 gone to tlie United Kingdom. Four of the great slaughtering com- panies of Chicago and other cities bought or built slaughtering and chilling or freezing establishments in Argentina and speedily domi- nated the business of slaughtering beef animals there for export. In 1911 the seven freezing companies then operating in Argen- tina made a combine Hmiting in a certain degree the exportation of chilled and frozen beef. In April, 1913, one of these companies, which in the meantime had passed into the control of a Chicago com- pany, expressed a desire to increase its shipments because of the in- creased capacity of its works, but this proposition was not agreed to by the other companies and the agreement of 1911 was not renewed. Of the seven companies, two were Argentine, three English, and two, although registered as Argentine companies, belonged to Chicago companies. At the present time there are nine establishments for slaughtering, chilUng or freezing, and exporting beef, located in or near Buenos Aires, and five of these companies are owned or operated by Chicago slaughtering and packing houses. These 'five do by far the ^ajoi portion of the entire business. NUMBER OF CATTLE IN ARGENTINA. In a census taken in i\j"gentina in 188S it was ascertained that there were 21,961,657 cattle iii that country, and that of these cattle 17,574,572 were natives, 8,388,801 were grades, and only 37,858 were purebreds and crossbreds. Not included in the foregoing classes were 960,426 milch cows and work oxen. By the time of the national census of 1895 the number of cattle in Ai'gentina had slightly declined, and the total was 21,701, *26. The native cattle had absolutely and relatively declined very considerably and the grades and piu'ebreds had increased correspondingly. In 1908 there was a live-stock census which ascertained that the number of cattle in Ai'gentina was 29,116,625; this number was larger than for any year either subsequently or j^efore. The improve- ment in the beef qualities of the cattle continued, and the census found 10,785,280 natives, or only about one-third of the total number of the cattle; it found 14,027,207 grades, or nearly one-half of the total number of cattle; and it found also 918,749 purebreds and crossbretls. The improvement of iirgentine beef cattle has been speedily" and intelligently performed. Argentine cattle owners have been the readiest and best buj'^ers of the British pure-bred beef cattle, and have bought them in large numbers. So rapidly have the Argentine cattle herds been improved in beef quaUties in recent years that they are now producing export beef that is not excelled by that of any other country at present exporting in large quantities. S2 FARMERS BULLETIN 5S1. In consequence of drought, the estimated number of cattle in Argentina, December 31, 1909, was 27,824,509, a. reduction of 1,300,000 cattle from the number of 1908. There was some recovery in 1910, for which year the estimate was 28,827,900, and the cattle hardly maintained their numbers in 1911, for which year the esti- mate was 28,786,168. The last estimate received in this country is that of December 31, 1912, which gave to Argentina 29,016,000 cattle, a number shghtly under that of the census of May 30, 1908. The figures may be found in Table 17, and an analysis of the cattle of 1908, as determined by the census, with distinction of breed, sex, and age, by groups, may be found in Table 18. Table 17. — Xumbcr of cattle in Argentina, lSSS-191^. Classes. , (Ceiisus.)i 1895. (Census, May 10. )2 1908. (Censas, May 30. )3 1909. 1910. ("Estimate, (Estimate, Dec. 31. )< 1 Dec. 31. )^ 1911. 1912. (Estimate, (Estimate, Dec. 31.)!i Dec. 31.)« Cattle: Natives 17,574,572 14,197,159 4, 678, 348 72, 216 fl, 800,799 \ 953,004 10, 785, 280 14, 027, 207 918, 749 2,163,900 1,221,489 , 3,388,801 37,858 } 960,426 Purebreds and cross- breds Work oxen j Total 1 1 1 21,961,657 21,701,526 29,116,625 27,824,509 28,827,900 28,786,168 29,016,000 ' The Animal Industry of Argentina, by Frank W, Bicknell, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Bui. 48, p. 57. ' Segmido Censo de la Republica Argentina, 1895, vol. 3, pp. 200, 204. 3 Agricultural and Pastoral Census of the Nation, 1908. Stock-breeding, vol. I, pp. 202, 310. * La Argentina Agricola, 1911-1912, p. 105. ' Boletin Mensuel de Estadistica Agricola, December, 1912, p. 14. « Boletin Mensuel de Estadistica Agricola, May, 1913, p. 6. Table L'^. — Number of cattle in Argentina distinguished by breed, sex, and age groups, census of May SO, 1908. Classes. Total. Calves, male. Calves, female. BuUs. Steers. Cows for breeding. Milch cows. Work oxen. Natives ■13,071,282 1,668,165 1 .111 9.^0 517,562 276,052 15, 424 77,412 1,533,655 5 .W4 9fiS 1,230,621 866,579 5,504 55,196 1,049,381 166,660 862 4,586 Grades Purebreds Crossbreds ....15,060,446 112, 786 .... 872,111 2,009,691 1,' 881^339 13,241 12,434 129,346 106,709 3,027,143 0,832,982 15, 189 50, 132 111,040 387,822 Total ....129, 116, 625* 1 3,820,443 13,511,412 886,4.50 4,687,027 12,825,904 2,163,900 1,221,489 CONDITION OF THE CATTLE-PRODUCING INDUSTRY. The conditions under which beef cattle are kept and the essential facts relating to the beef-animal j^roducing industry have been under observation by three noted experts of this country, one of them as special agent of the Tariff Board in 1911. The Argentine beef, both for home consumption and for export, is not corn fed. Part of it is the product of native pastures, but the best of it is fed on alfalfa. In the Province of Buenos Aires, reports the special agent of the Tariff Board, "the land is worth too much money on the market to be profitable with cattle or sheep grazing. The summer droughts THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 make it hard to grow cultivated grasses. Alfalfa is a success in every part of the country." ''Agriculture is coming in rapidly and lands are constantly being subdivided into farms. Never, so far as was noted, do the farmers keep live stock on their farms more than the animals needed for work, or perhaps some cows for dairy use, or a few sheep bought for food to be killed off one at a time as needed." One-third of the cattle of the Republic are in this Province. Ranchmen very often lease lands to the farmers or colonists, usually for wdieat growing. This withdraws the land from stock growing for three to five years, wdien it is sown to alfalfa and returned to stock again, while the colonist moves on to develop another piece of land from wildness to wheat and to leave it later in turn to alfalfa. " The Province of Entre Rios," says the special agent, "is fully occu- pied and fully stocked with sheep and cattle. It is a land wdiere peren- nial grasses are not much seen, and those found are of hard, coarse kinds, of little use. The nutritious grasses are mostly annuals, and annual clovers abound. The Province is going rapidly to agriculture." Concerning the Province of Corrientes, the special agent writes that "it is a great cattle country, but many of the herds are of the unimproved native stocks, with wide horns and huge bony frames. They go to the salting works at about five or six years of age. Good cattle tlii'ive in southern Corrientes and some day doubtless will over all of the Province." "There is no probability of much immediate development of the live-stock industry" in the Province of Chaco. In the Province of Santa Fe "the number of cattle, now 2,639,480, will increase, no doubt, owing to the laying down of lands to alfalfa." "In Pampa Central the 5,000,000 sheep are decreasing, due to the coming in of agriculture. Cattle, on the other hand, are likely to increase, as it is a great alfalfa-growing region." In summing up the results of his observations in Argentina, the special agent of the Tariff Board states that in his opinion "there is no doubt that sheep breeding in Argentina has passed its meridian and is now on the decline. This is because of the large immigra- tion to Argentina and the continually laying down of lands to agriculture." "Contrasting cattle breeding wath sheep breeding, the production of good cattle on alfalfa will no doubt increase in Argen- tina as time goes on, especially if prices for beef remain good. It is probably the most marvelous place for cattle breeding in the world. This is especially true of the regions where alfalfa is grown. In Argentina cattle seem to bloat very little on alfalfa pasture. They run in thousands on the alfalfa pastm-es, which are perennial, and in winter eat r.lfaKa hay from ricks piled up for them, without men taking the trouble, as a rule, to take it out for them." 34 FAEMEES BULLETIN 5S1. It is important to remember, however, that the great defect in Argentina is the weather, w^hich is most imcertain. Rains may come at any time of the year or they may not come at all. Some- times a region will be without much, if any, ram for one, two^ or thi-ee years. The rainfall in normal years is just sufficient for the grasses and crops. In exceedmgly rare seasons it is excessive. Per- haps in half the years it is too light. One year in seven, more or less, it is withheld. In 1830 nearly aU the cattle, horses, and sheep of Ai'gentina j^erished for want of water, "but no doubt the losses were much more severe than they could be to-day, for weUs and windmills abound on every hand." SLAUGHTER OF COWS. STEERS, AND CALVES. 'Estimates of the slaughter of cows, steers, and calves in Argentina have been compiled from trustworthy sources, with results that may be found in Table 19. Tliere are three classes of slaughtering estab- lishments, namely, the chilling and freezmg establishments of the exporters, the salting establishments, and the public slaughter- houses, which slaughter for domestic consumption. Although the total number of cattle in the Republic declined after 1908, and had not recovered the decrease by the end of 1912, it will be observed in this table that the cows slaughtered in the public slaughterhouses increased from 382,114 in 1908 to 948,088 in 1912; that the slaughtered steers increased from 445,487 in 1908 to 665,296 in 1912; and that the slaughtered calves increased from 194,774 in 1908 to 316,878 in 1911, the number for 1912 not being obtainable. In the salting cstabhshments also the slaughter of cows and steers increased in large degree from 1908 to 1912. There is little or no calf slaughtering m these establishments. As might be expected, the increase of slaughter in the chilling and freezing establishments has been enormous. For cows, the increase was from 16,452 in 1908 to 122,929 in 1912; for steers, the increase vras from 709,498 in 1908 to 1,245,091 in 1912; and for calves, the increase was from 7,835 in 1908 to 18,626 in 1912. Upon consohdating the slaughter of the three classes of establish- ments it appears that the slaughtered cows increased from 426,321 in 1908 to 1,155,985 in 1912, or 171 per cent; the slaughtered steers increased from 1,375,406 in 1908 to 2,225,497 in 1912, or 62 per cent; and the slaughtered calves increased from 202,609 in 1908 to 340,158 in 1911, or 68 per cent. To show hov/ the increased slaughter has counted against the restoration of the number of cattle of 1908, the percentage of increase of slaughter in the two years 1911 and 1912 over that of the two years 1909 and 1910, when the number of cattle was considerably diminished below the number of 1908 on account of drought, has been computed. The slaughter of cows increased 79 per cent, of steers 36 per cent, and of calves (to 1911 only) 29 per cent. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 35 Very evidently, future increase in the supply of beef from Argen- tina must depend on a slaughter that is below the natural increase of the herds. The report of the slaughter for 1913 has not been received, but it is a matter of general knowledge in Argentina that cow slaughter was overdone during the year; and, if so, this over- slaughter of breeding stock has postponed to that extent an increase of beef production out of the natural increase ot the herds. Table 19. — Number of cattle slaughtered in Argentina in chilling and freezing, salting, and public slaughterhouses, 1904-1912. [1904-1911 from La Argentina Agricola, 1911-1912; 1912 from Meraoria presentada al Congre.?o de la Naci6n por el Ministro de Agricaltura, Dr. Adolf Mugiea, 1912.] Year. Total. Chilling and freezing establishments. Cows. Steers. Calves. Cows. Steers. Calves. 1904 359,307 283, 437 305, 279 426, 321 564,023 799, 680 1,278,328 1, 155, 985 988, 811 1,290,707 1, 280, 309 0) 1,375,406 1,487,507 1,584,495 1,952,053 2,225,497 108, 454 106,697 119,960 (') 202, 609 224, 622 301,095 340, 158 1,476 2,527 954 (') n 16, 452 39,935 108, 338 150, 245 122,929 306, 352 517,036 583,517 709, 498 758,782 852, 150 1,094,906 1,245,091 1905 1906 1907 (') 1908 7,835 1909 9,989 1910 12, 917 1911 23,280 1912 18,626 Year. Salting establishments. Public slaughterhouses. Cows. Steers. Calves. Cows. Steers. Calves. 1904 22, 781 28, 329 39,975 (•) 27, 755 53,515 114,381 86, 871 84, 968 212,959 304,930 245, 103 (1) 220, 421 287,981 318,757 300, 741 315, 110 335,110 252,581 264,350 382, 414 382, 114 470, 573 576,961 1,041,212 948,088 469,500 468,801 471,689 452, 780 445,487 440,744 413,588 556, 406 665, 296 108, 454 1905 106, 697 1906 119,960 1907 ('; 151,955 1908 194, 774 1909 214,633 1910 2,118 286, 060 316,878 1911 1912 (I) 1 Number omitted from sources of information. 2 Data incomplete. EXPORTS OF MEAT ANIM.iLS AND PACKING-HOUSE PRODUCTS. A full statement of the exports of meat animals and packing-house products from Argentina has been compiled for each year from 1895 to 1912, with results that may be found in Table 20. The exports of chilled beef did not begin until 1908, when 13,783,159 pounds were exported. The amount increased to 55,624,263 pounds in 1912, and to a much higher quantity in 1913. Argentine chilled beef is rapidly disj^lacing Argentine frozen beef in the British market, a change promoted by the Chicago interests that have become pre- dominant in, the Argentine chilling and freezing establishments. The frozen beef exported from Argentina in 1895 weighed 3,498,870 pounds, in 1908 it weighed 384,841,590 pounds, and in 1912 it weighed 700,225,052 pounds. The exports of chilled and frozen beef increased 90 per cent from 1908 to 1912. 36 TARMEES BULLETIN 581. The exported live cattle numbered 408,126 in 1895, and has not smce been equaled in any one year. The number fell to as low a figure as 60,916 in 1908, and the largest number since 1905 was reached in 1912, when it was 261,416. Prohibition of imports into the United Kingdom, on account of foot-and-mouth disease in Argentina, account for the great decline in exports of cattle. The jei'ked-beef trade was at one time very large and the exports amounted to 121,450,000 pounds in 1895. In 1912 the exports of this beef had dwindled to 19,453,390 pounds. The frozen-mutton trade reached its height in 1904, when 195,365,000 pounds were exported. Fluctuations mark the exports of subsequent years, and in 1 91 2 the exports were 1 54,707,805 pounds. Argentina's exports of live meat animals and of packing-house products may be consolidated into a total if expressed in value. For 1895 the combined values amounted to $18,746,218; in 1908 the amount was $37,912,228; and in 1912 it was $67,252,319. A study of Table 20 discovers that foreign inducements to increase the exports of chilled and frozen beef have met with large responses from Argentina, so largo indeed in the most recent years that this trade is retarding the natural increase of herds, if not almost preventing it. The cause of retardation next back of this is the cessation of the exports of chilled beef from the United States, which has thrown upon Argentina the principal portion of the task of continuing the export supply to the United Kingdom and other countries. The imports of dressed beef from Argentina into the United Kingdom are increasing, yet they were a diminishing fraction of the total during the past three years. They were 83 per cent of the total in 1911, 82 per cent in 1912, and 78 per cent in 1913. Table 20. — Exports of meat animals and packing-house products Jronl Argentina, 1895- 1912. Year. Total value, all articles named. Live meat animals. Total value. Cattle. Sheep.! Swine. 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 Dollars. 18, 746, 218 17, 280, 712 14,534,644 18,019,144 16.361,677 16, 702, 051 19, 205, 726 26, 412, 782 26, 759, 552 26, 051, 900 38, 613, 362 29, 988, 482 32, 485, 349 37, 912, 228 45, 541, 069 53, 220, 701 65, 913, 927 67,252,319 Dollars. 8, 064, 703 7, 800, 538 6, 310, 204 9. 103. 268 8, 185, 623 4,123,855 1,990,197 3,112,473 4, 768, 520 2. 836. 269 5, 332, 703 1,922,510 2,310,413 2, 112, 362 4, 202, 302 4, 137, 910 8, 236, 100 9, 124, 118 Number. 408, 126 382, 539 238, 121 359, 296 312, ISO 150, 550 119,189 118,303 181,860 129, 275 262, 681 71, 106 74, 841 60, 916 132, 450 89, 733 184,112 261,416 Dollars. 6,758,117 6,314,526 4, 842, 584 7,421,284 6, .585, 170 3, 549, 415 1,911,059 2, 748, 749 4,282,110 2, 752, 971 4, 979, 866 1, 617, 480 1,990,206 1,811,131 3, 944, 746 3, 914, 474 7,915,654 8, 820, 177 Number. 429, 949 512, 061 504, 255 577, 899 543, 462 198, 102 25, 749 122, 503 167, 747 28, 128 120, 166 102, 916 110,567 103, 792 88, 636 77, 180 110,690 104, 898 Dollars. 1,247,103 1, 482, 403 1, 460, 047 1,673,487 1,, 573, 964 573, 861 75, 519 355, 763 485, 628 82, 241 351, 462 304, 321 320, 091 300, 478 256, 601 223, 436 320, 448 303, 680 Number. 5, 572 374 666 587 1,8.30 40 250 532 54 73 95 49 4 26 33 Dollars. 59, 483 3,609 7,573 8,497 26,489 579 3,619 7,961 782 1,057 1,375 709 116 753 955 58 261 1 Including some goats. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 37 Table 20. — Exports of meat ani/nals and pacJdng-house products from Argentina, 1895- 1012 — Continued. Year. 1895. . 1896.. 1897. . 1898.. 1899. . 1900. . 1901 . . 1902.. 1903.. 1904 . . 1905 . . 1906.. 1907.. 190S. . 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. Packiug-tiouse products. Total. Dallurs. 10,681,515 9,480,174 8,224,440 8, 915, 876 8,176,054 12,578,196 17,215,529 23,300,309 21,991,032 23,215,637 33, 280, 659 28,065,972 30,174,936 35,799,866 41,338,767 49,082,791 57,677,767 58, 128, 201 Beef, frozen. Pounds. 3, 498, 870 6, 606, 278 9,350,000 12,935,000 20,016,000 54,212,000 98,996,000 154,363,000 179,721,000 215, 489, 000 336,988,542 339,087,321 304,724,221 384,841,590 461,720,401 540,715,628 656,393,195 -00,225,052 Dollars. 01,260 115,668 163, 706 226, 467 350, 431 2, 372, 894 4, 333, 281 6, 756, 769 7, 866, 638 9, 432, 252 14,750,694 14,842,566 13,338,386 16,845,293 20,210,525 23, 668, 248 28,731,709 30,650,28' Beef, chilled. Beef, jerked. Pounds. 13, 783, 159 2,694,021 18,609,029 33,280,642 55,624,263 603,300 117,921 814,588 1,456,768 2,434,812 Pounds. 121,450,000 101,208,000 79,891,000 49,035,000 42, 249, 000 36,264,000 53,563,000 49,172,000 28, 640, 000 25,851,000 55,749,925 10,251,390 23,476,785 14,661,681 25,622,886 20, 816, 823 26,720,519 19,453,390 Dollars. 4,077,529 3,104,927 2, 379, 992 2,042,392 1,967,069 1,910,272 2,778.674 2,554,789 1,488,047 1,343,213 3,607,598 575,760 1,136,824 745,770 1,278,676 996, 864 1,603,458 1,351,722 Blood, dried. Pounds. 3,086,000 2,701,000 2,370,000 1,806,000 933, 000 797,451 2,209,935 2,039,000 3,027,000 2,557,000 6,981,968 7,140,699 7,200,224 9,089,217 9,444,506 10,831,200 14,175,578 13,333,421 Dollars. 67,541 59, 115 51,859 39,520 20, 427 17,453 48, 366 44,652 66, 243 55,953 152, 799 156,285 157,565 212,055 206,699 237,069 310,248 291,834 Packing-house products— Continued. Year. Bones. Cracklings. I Hoofs. Horns. Intestines, salted and dried. Tons. Dollars. Pounds. Dollars.] Pounds. Dollars. Tom. Dollars. Pounds. Dollars. 1895 43, 565 477, 875 1,524,963 30,0,38 1,336,151 8,773 2,514 123,236 991,028 21,120 1896 20,093 183,976 1,533,491 30, 205! 1,154,671 7,581 1,951 95, 626 966, 098 20,527 1897 40,201 399, 239 1,555,315 30, 636i 1,424,812 9,354 1,977 96,931 1,688,965 36, 419 1898 34, 943 445,078 1,247,695 24,576 1,772,679 11,640 1,658 81,310 2,616,271 56, 761 1899 20,658 257,385 1,530,722 30, 150 1,507,924 9,901 1,673 82,046 2, 609, 785 56, 724 1900 25,030 337, 068 1,704,940 37,314 1,651,738 9,038 1,440 112,980 2,955,563 64,247 1901 27,068 306, 593 2,515,463 55, 052 1,650,250 9,030 1,874 146,997 4,384,014 95, 163 1902 34, 505 329, 771 2, 388, 380 52,270 2,409,365 13, 182 2,436 191,058 5,112,615 110,640 1903 31,002 284, 438 1,982,021 43,379 1,942,000 10,629 1,546 121,250 4,130,712 89, 152 1904 25,036 243,418 2,385,044 52,200 2, 126, 137 11,633 1,896 148, 668 13, 673, 247 105,325 1905 60, 185, .580 964, 890 3,255,158 71,243 2, 493, 403 13,647 5, 416, 702 182, 050 6,947,953 151,602 1906 51,814,714 826, 200 3,227,534 70,634 1,933,434 10,580 5,103,649 169, 750 7, 758, 146 120,809 1907 54,643,216 1,070,608 3,727,979 81,595 2, 438, 288 13,338 4,459,906 148,357 6,396,415 139, 197 1908 57,537,855 1,356,86S 4,171,103 91,278 2, 372, 150 12, 976 4,929,486 164,000 7, 202, 292 156, 634 1909 57,811,226 1,293,-331 5, 859, 827 128,252 2,696,226 14,746 6,080,287 202, 282 8, 189, 871 177,813 1910 65,011,449 1,397,946 6,382,317 139, 663 2,153,894 11,781 7,064,720 234, 700:10,475, 931 227, 778 1911 90,020,432 59, 078, 522 2,364,213 7, 433, 911 162,716 3,511,928 19,217 6,313,974 210,055113, 417, &33 292, 467 1912 914,275 7, 220, 433 158, 026 3,013,238 16, 487 6,272,634 208,67115,104,804 328, 018 Year. Packing-house products — Continued. Meat extract. Meat, frozen, n.e.s. Meat preserved. Mutton, frozen 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904, 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 Pounds. 328, 173 1,076,307 405,922 667,474 843, 823 253,990 477,951 653, 335 764,093 456,564 960, 048 928, 293 1,974,852 1,521,121 2, 979, 504 3, 358, 355 1,136,641 1, 349, 061 Dollars. 201, 105 659, 565 248, 750 5.84,329 738,711 222,351 418,414 571,952 668, 913 399, 691 840, 46" 812, 66' 1. "728, 869 1,331,654 2, 608, 383 2, 940, 046 995,064 1, 181, 025 Pounds. 888, 460 1,333,963 1,537,885 2,140,553 2,033,000 2,401,000 3,109,000 5,556,000 6, 918, 000 9, 235, 000 12, 085, 617 13,575,927 15, 269, 060 25,112,599 22,019,545 24, 475, 048 32,114,538 34,520,241 Dollars. 15,556 23,357 26, 926 37,480 35, 573 68, 319 88, 440 158, 086 196, 834 262, 777 343, 829 386, 265 434, 441 714,506 626, 484 696. 361 913,719 982. 362 Pounds. 2,035,424 4,504,349 2,538,100 3,577,963 4,004,000 3,097,000 2, 085, 927 3, 624, 487 8, 248, 677 5,-355,000 5,485,045 2, 775, 591 3,515,834 3, 808, 283 14,087,667 26, 635; 688 33, 980, 230 39,019,215 Dollars. 89, 094 197, 162 111,098 156,614 175,244 135, 563 91,402 158, 650 301,059 2-34,361 240, 117 121,501 153, 895 166, 696 616, 648 1,165,900 1,4.87,380 1,707,930 Pounds. 92,334,000 99,439,000 112,202,000 131,909,000 124,841,000 124,367,000 138, 920, 000 176,531,000 172,271,000 195,365,000 172, 732, 615 148, 563, 585 153,848,011 173, 823, 892 146,594,877 165, 569, 869 1.89,410,414 1-54,707,805 Dollars. 1,016.638 1,741,058 1,904,526 2,309,590 2,185,792 4,355,019 4,.S04,587 6,181,601 6,033,140 6,841,162 6,048,677 5,202,368 5,387,3-84 6, 086, 919 5, 133, 426 5,797,848 6, 632, 720 5, 417, 482 38 EAKMEES^ BULLETIN 531. Table 20. — E.vports of meat animals and ■paching-house products from Argentina, ISCo- 1912— Continued. Packing-house products— Concluded. Year. Oils, animal. Tallow, pressed. Tallow and fat, melted. Tongues, preserv- ed and salted. All other. 1895 Pounds. 945,633 773, 143 842,607 650,950 593, 442 689, 520 327, 426 381,863 .538, 755 428, 938 731, 416 648, 424 490, 601 760, 735 811,227 76.5, 774 926,011 1, 182, 400 Dolls. 33,067 28, 527 28, 082 24, 015 25, 840 31, 195 14,697 19,698 28,190 20, 097 47, 699 44, 150 36, 972 39,917 46, 930 52,834 (il, 320 81,339 Pounds. 18,929 8,360 778 2,210 Dolls. 580 257 24 58 Pounds. 89,481,000 75,272,000 69, 529, 212 64,685,212 53,242,000 54, 756, 000 73, 564, 000 108,236,000 80,603,000 80,070,000 100, 878, 087 55, 778, 585 68, 155, 209 96,951,694 119,764,895 128,761,868 168,482,146 166, 570, 75S Dollars. 3, 674, 480 3,068,050 2, 563, 086 2, 762, 324 2, 128, 397 2, 707, 141 3,766,120 5,991,722 4, .589, 134 3,871,660 5, 134, 881 3,708,038 4, 638, 596 5,819,530 7,308,167 9, 202, 897 11,356,988 10, 918, 713 Pounds. 1,755,717 1,410,801 1,244,644 1,23.5,062 1,284,406 1,500,750 1,522,885 1,244,394 1,046,177 1,392,602 1, 143, 559 670, 194 1, 669, 032 1,925,780 2,648,796 2,089,612 1,573,716 1, 392, 745 Dolls. 153,349 123,501 108, 302 108, 122 112,364 197,049 19S, 332 161,979 137, 194 182, 771 150, 168 88,008 219, 170 252, 886 347,828 274,400 206,6,55 182, 890 Dollars. 30,274 1896 21,072 1897 5,510 1898 5,600 1899 1900 9, 575 12, 436 113, 904 204, 263 187,373 53,448 155, 356 218, 668 99,950 293 381 3,490 6,259 5,742 1,839 4,760 6,700 3,062 :::::::::: 1901 1902 1903 533 1904 4,7U 578, 479 1905 1906 925, 631 1907 1,483,039 1908 1,196,521 1909 1,020,656 1,223,585 1910 9,235 283 1911 873, 064 1912 1,302,322 IMPORTS OF MEAT INTO THE UNITED ST.\TES. Although the United States exported 1,143,357,441 pounds of meat and meat products dm'uig the fiscal yca,r endmg June 30, 1913, and is still exporting large amounts, mostly pork and pork products oleo oil, and tallow, large imports of beef hare been received since October, 1913, nearly three-fifths of it from Argentina. In October, 2,069,794 pounds of fresh and frozen beef were received from Ai'gen- tina and passed inspection by the Bureau of Animal Industry; in November, 3,988,898 pounds; in December, 9,440,488 pounds; and in January, 8,935,797 pounds; and the total for the four months is 24,434,977 pounds. During the same time from other countries were received 17,729,621 pounds of fresh and frozen beef, and the total from all countries thus becomes 42,164,598 pounds. During the four months the imports from Argentina included also 537,943 pounds of fresh and frozen mutton, 177,801 pounds of canned beef, 1,268,887 pounds of oleo stearin, and 470 pounds of edible tallow. The total meat and meat products imported from Argentina during the four months and not condemned weighed 26,420,078 pounds. Only 1,278 pounds of Argentine beef were condemned as unfit for consumption. Tlie details of the imports of meat and meat products into this country from Argentina and from all countries in tlie aggre- gate during the four months from October to January just past may be found in Table 21. Two-fifths of the imports of fresh and frozen beef during the four mcnths came from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, and Uruguay. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 39 The present beef production of this country for one year, it is esti- mated, is somewhat less than 7,000,000,000 pounds, and the imports of fresh and frozen beef from all countries at the recent rate would amount to about 2 per cent of the national production; the imports from Argentina for a year at the present rate would be about 1.3 per cent of the national production. Table 21. — Meat and vieat products imported from Argentina and all countries ana inspected by the Bureau of Animal Industry, October, 1913, to January, 1914. All countries, 4 months. ^Vrgcntina. rommodity. Total. Argentina. other countries. October, 1913. Novem- ber, 1913. Decem- ber, 1913. January, 1914. Kot condemned. Flesh and frozen: Beef Povnds. 42,104.598 215.061 967,564 1,364 ■ 4S8.761 Pound.?. 24,434.977 Pounds. 17,729,621 215.061 429.621 1,364 488-, 761 Poun.d. .32,120 345 123 27, 126 2,515 .33,. 359 340 133 29,215 3,;;04 :)0,946 348 202 46, 121 5,502 40, .303 443 196 39,641 5,S02 45, 252 3fi4 162 .38,207 4,315 31,221 379 438 .53,912 5,001 29, 594 411 527 53,813 6,400 28, .551 392 601 06 078 America 5 0.56 Asia 29 733 Europe 975 Oceania 1 043 Total .30,209 •55, 859 63,473 64,015 92, 565 31,221 74,5C0 89,445 89,657 102, 890 ' Exports. 2 Year preceding. 3 Production. * New Caledonia alone, without Tahiti production. 6 Imports into Portugal. In connection wiili the foregoing study of possible ncv/ sources of supply it will be helpful to refer to the present principal sources of world supply of this crop. In Table 23 is given such a statement, with comparisons, so far as available, for decennial periods back to 1870. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Table 23. — Prodvxtlon cf cotton. 43 Year. United States. Egypt. British India. Piussia. rem. P70 4,021,527 6, 3.5ft, 998 8,562,089 10,206,527 12,005.688 15,692,701 13, 703, 421 13, C77, 000 Bales. 408,350 575, 307 843, 877 1,124,617 1,548,713 1,514,730 1,538,395 1,530,922 Bales. Bales. Bales. 880 . soo 1,099,582 2,471,449 3,600,837 3,284,519 2,751,464 3, 677, 824 9()0 1633,065 2 1,02C,570 2 981,921 2 1,135.137 2 1, 053, 845 a, 000 OK 70, 869 1911 . .. 912 . . . .. • Not including Khiva and BolAara. - I:icluding Khiva and Bokhara. CROP REPORTING SYSTEMS AND SOURCES OF CROP INFORMATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Tappr read by Charles J.[. D.\UGnF.ETY before a recent meeting cf spfcial field agcnl.s at the U. S. Department of Agriculture.] Government crop reporting, or crop estimating, as distinct from census enumeration, has been a development, in all countries where it is practiced, of the past 50 years; and hence has been coincident mih the marvelous expansion of the Vv'orld's cultivated land, with the multitudinous improvements in farm methods and agricultural ma- chmery, and with the wide extension of the means of transport and communication which have characterized that period. Even before steamship, railway, and telegraph had promoted rapid and voiumi- Qous mterchange of commodities among nations, it had been rccog- aized that a prompt, even though approximate, knowledge each year of the areas under the great food crops, of the condition of the plants at intervals during the growing season, and of the final results of the thrashings would be of great economic and commercial value; and although some tentative efforts were m.ade earlier in the century, Qotably in England and France, to devise some trustworthy scheme of crop estimatmg, no satisfactory system of acquiring and popular- izing such knowledge was evolved until the adoption in the United States of the crop-reporting system, which has now been m operation for the past 48 years. In France, it is true, the French Department of Agriculture in its yearbook publishes a continuous record of the acreage and production of wdieat and potatoes each year since 1815, the year of Waterloo, to the current date. Up to 1882, however, tihe figures are decennial estimates for census years, and for the mtercensal years merely office estimates, not based upon actual Investigations in the field. Estimates of the French Department of Agriculture, based on the crop-estimating system proper, date only iirom 1882. In Great Britain the official record of the area annually devoted to certain cereals, as estimated by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, extends back to 1866, but estimates of yields only to 1884. The 44 FAEMEES' BULLETIIST 581. official figures, it may be added, are often supplemented hy the private estimates of Sir John Lawes, who from experiments conducted at his experimental farm at Rothamsted and other data had worked out estimates of the annual area of wheat in the United Kingdom from 1852 to 1866 and of the annual production from 1852 to 1884. Com- bining the official and private estimates we have a continuous record of the surface under wheat and the yield in the United King- dom from 1852 to date, but annual estimates bearing the sanction of official authority exist for acreage only from 1866 and for production from 1884. The science and practice of crop estimating may therefore be said to have had its origin in 1866 in the United States. Within the next half century organizations for prompt estimation of areas, yields, and other valuable economic facts respecting agriculture were established in practically all the more progressive and commer- cially important countries of the world. Every nation of Europe, excepting Turkey, now publishes annual official estimates of the yields of a greater or less number of its crops. In Asia crop reporting systems gather more or less comprehensive data in Asiatic Russia, British India, Japan, and even in a few Provinces of China. In Africa the result of an estimating system is now available annually for Egypt, Algeria, Tunis, and two or three States of the Union of South Africa. On the Western Hemisphere annual estimates rela- tive to the more important crops are made in Canada, the United vStates, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, and official reports are issued annually respecting the cereal crops of each State of Aus- tralia and in New Zealand. As a rule the official crop-reporting organizations in the different foreign countries are under the control and form an integral part of the respective Departments of Agricul- ture, and though the methods of collecting the information and working out the results vary to some extent in the various Govern- ments it is notable that the same fundamental principle underlies all systems, i. e., periodical reports made either directly or indirectly to the central Government by authorized voluntary correspondents resident in each of the smaller political divisions of a country and thoroughly familiar with local conditions. The reports are made on schedules formulated and furnished by the central Government. The correspondents in the political subdivisions usually consist of one or more local administrative officials and a small number of other competent persons, distinguished as being representatives of agri- cultural societies or as being closely identified with the actual tilling of the soil. Separate corps of correspondents analogous to the township and county correspondents and State and special agents of the United THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 45 States Department of Agriculture, do not exist; in other words, wlien in tlie prosecution of an inquiry several sets of schedules are returned to the department here one set is returned to the central offices abroad. To generalize respecting details of the various methods of collecting data in countries where the political organization of each differs from the others in the classification and nomenclature of its political subdivisions is, however, practically impossible. It would probabl}^ be of more interest to describe briefljT" the system of a single country — France. In France the oflicial crop-reporting organization consists, on the one hand, of an administrative bureau in the Department of Agricul- ture, and, on tlie other, of what may for convenience be called a corps of croj) correspondents resident in each political subdivision of the country. The functions of the administrative bureau, in so far as crop re})orting is concerned, are the preparation and mailing of sched- ules and the tabulation and publication of the results. The functions and organization of the crop correspondents, as compared with those of our own countiy, are somewhat peculiar. The political subdivi- sions of France, ranging from the smallest to the largest, are com- munes, cantons, arrondissements, and departments. No exactly corresponding subdivision of the territory of the United States exists, the nearest approach being townships, counties, and States. With the before-mentioned political subdivisions of the country in mind, the organization of the crop correspondents may be described as follows: In eacli rural commune (there are 36,222 rural and urban) is maintained an organization known as the communal statistical com- mission, consisting of the chief administrative officer of the commune, one member of the municipal council, and not less than three nor more than five farmers. In each rural canton, the next hn'gest administrative unit, and of which there are 2,911 (urban and rural) in France, is a similar organization, known as the cantonal statistical commission — members, the chief administrative officer of the canton, the justice of the peace, other cantonal functionaries, and from three to seven prominent farmers. Each arrondissement, the next largest unit, is represented in this crop-reporting system by officials known as special professors of agriculture, and the departments by depart- mental professors of agriculture; both classes of professors have access to and a deliberative voice in the sessions of the communal and cantonal commissions, where their functions are largely of an advisory and supervisory character; both, in the crop-reporting sys- tem, perform the same supervisory functions in the arrondissements and departments as do the cantonal commission in the cantons. 5 For any periodical inquiiy respecting areas or production, schedules prepared by the bureau above mentioned are transmitted through 46 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 581. the chief officers (prefects) of the 86 departments to each of the four classes of bodies which constitute the crop-reporting service of the Kepublic; i. e., to the communal commissions, to the cantonal com- missions, to the special professoi*s of agi'iculture in the arrondisse- ments, and to the professors of agi'iculture in the departments. The most important duties relative to collecting the data and filling out the schedules now devolve upon the communal commissions. By the aid of communal cadasters — that is, permanent revised registers kept in the archives of each commune, showing the actual distribution of the surface of the commune among various crops, woodland, the average yield per hectare, etc., in a selected or cadastral year — the commissions fill out the schedules for their respective communes and return them to the prefects of the departments. The cadaster, it may be noted incidentally, is in many European countries a fundamental element in making estimates of both area and production ; it enables an almost exact enumeration of areas to be made and, partly because of the rigid system of crop rotation followed, pemiit a very satis- factory estimate of ^'ields. It is partly due to the cadaster that crop estimates in European countries are rarely, if ever, adjusted to census figures. The prefects, as rapidly as the completed schedules are received from the communal commissions, arrange them in groups by cantons and refer them to the respective cantonal commissions. The pro"vince of any given cantonal commission is to re"vdse and, if necessary, to correct the communal schedules and to combine the data they contain into a recapitulative schedule for the entire canton. The work of verifying and correcting the communal schedules is dis- tributed among the members of the cantonal commissions in such a way that to each member is assigned those communes with which he is most familiar. He has the right to demand enlightenment on doubtful points from the communal commissions and to appeal to competent authorities for complementary information. The recapitu- lative schedules when completed for the cantons are forw^arded through the prefects of the departments to the special professors of agriculture in the several arrondissements b}'' whom they are in turn corrected, revised, combined into a recapitulative schedule for the arrondissements and forwarded through the medium of the prefect to the departmental professors of agriculture. Recapitulative sclied- 'ules for the departments are then made up and submitted to the central bureau, where they are tabulated for the whole of France and published. The results of all investigations as soon as available are published in the official Journal of the Republic, issued dail}'', and later in the Bulletin of Agricultural IntelHgence (monthly) published by the Ministry of Agriculture. The final and revised figures on the area and production of about 40 crops appear hy departments in THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 47 the yearbook of the Ministiy, published about 15 to 18 months after the harvest of the crops to which the figures relate. The French system of estimating area and production, it is appar- ent, is one where the data gathered by a corps of reporters, most nearly resembhng our corps of towaiship reporters, are successively corrected, approved, and indorsed, before they reach the central office, by the crop reporters of each of the larger subdivisions of the Republic. The figures are always under the control of official bodies presided over by an official of the various poHticai subdivisions ol the country, and the process of arriving at a fhial result may be described as a cumulative one. Perhaps after all the radical differ- ence between this system and that in force in the United States is that in France the correctional and revisional functions performed by the cantonal commissions and the professors of agriculture in the arrondissements and departments devolve in our country upon the Crop-Reporting Board, and that the final tabulation of the schedules, after they reach the Ministry of Agricidture, is more simple, since only one schedule from each of the 86 departments remains to be tabu- lated. The French system is in a broad sense typical of that prac- ticed in some other foreign countries, particularly in countries having cadasters, but it lias been cited here not so much from that fact as to illustrate the variations in crop-estimating systems wliicli may arise from dift'erences in the pofitical constitutions of governments, from geographical and cfimatic causes, and even from the mental attitude of a people toward government and economy. In Great Britain, for instance, the schedules prepared in the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries are primarily turned over to the Board of Trade. Agents of the last-named board, known as collectors of inland revenue and stationed throughout the various counties, mail them to the farmers in their respective jmisdictions. When filled out the schedules are collected by these agents, and through the Board of Trade returned to the Board of Agriculture for the elaboration and pubhcation of the data. In xVi-gentina estimates of the Depart- ment of Agriculture on production of wheat, flaxseed, oats, and barlc}' are made from returns of thrashing-macliine operators, but the figures of nontlu-ashable farm products are collected by means of crop cor- respondents. In Sweden the preliminary estimates of the yield of wheat and other cereals are based on the natural increase from the seed; i. e., without reference to acreage, the total }deld is estimated to represent an increase of fifteenfold, seventeenfold, twentyfold, etc.,. of the seed sown. In the work of the United States Department of Agriculture the foreign crop statistics, used mostly in compiling estimates of the so- called vrorld's crop, in answering verbal and other inquiries, and in 48 farmers' bulletin 581. varied research work, are for the most part the final esthnates emanat- ing from and published by the crop-reporting bureaus of foreign Departments of Agriculture and other official organizations, whose functions embrace that class of work. Although identical data, excepting for the great food crops, are seldom in existence for all countries, and although there is great variation in the number of crops reported on by the different governments, the estimates, as a whole, cover a wide range; and embrace areas sown, quantities of seed sown per unit of surface, areas destroyed by winter kill and other causes, area>5 harvested, periodical condition of the crops, total and per capita production, in terms both of units of measurement and weight, average yield per unit of surface, percentage of loss due to drought, hail, floods, vermin and other causes, total and per capita consumption, cost of production, average monthly and annual prices of farm produce, and other data. The estimates used are pref- erably the final ones pubhshed in the yearbooks of the respective governments: for the smaller divisions and islands of the great Empires — British, German, French, and Dutch — the figures are usually taken from the Statistical Abstracts and other publications of the mother countries. The larger divisions of the British Empire — Canada, Australia, and British India — it may be noted, have crop estimating organizations of their own and issue yearbooks and other periodical publications relative to the crops of their respective terri- tories. The yearbooks of many foreign countries, however, are not published until from several months to two years after the crops to which they relate have been harvested. In such cases it is neces- sary to utilize for current data preliminary and sometimes even unofficial estimates. Preliminary estimates, of cereal crops especiaU}^, are made by practically all countries that have crop-reporting organizations. These are made and published in some countries before harvest and in others as soon after as possible. In those countries which publish an official daily gazette — as, for example, the Journal Oflficiel in France, the Reichsanzeiger in Germany, the Wiener Zeitung in Austria, the Pester Lloyd in Hungary, and the Journal of Industry and Commerce in Russia — these prehminar}^ figures, immediately after they are compiled, are made available to the general pubhc through the medium of an official organ. In some other countries they are first disseminated through small leaflets and afterwards published in greater detail in the succeeding issues of monthly or other periodical official bulletins such as are exemphfied in the monthly Technical and Economic Bulletin pubhshed by the Depart- ment of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture in Italy, the monthly bulletin of Agricultural Intelligence by the department of agriculture in France, and the Bulletin of Agriculture, Mines, and Iilountaius by THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 49 the Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works iu Spain. Of course the official data, as soon as released, are widely copied by the unofficial agricultural and trade journals of the various countries, but in the careful work done by this Department it is required that in all possible cases the actual official figures only must be used. In the foreign-crop work of the Department the presumably more accurate figures of agricultural censuses are of course utiUzed when- ever available. Circumstances, however, hmit their use within a narrow range. In some countries, among which populous British India is a notable example, no agricultural census has ever been taken; even in Great Britain none exists excepting that of 1908. In some other countries the intervals between census takings are of extraordinary duration, having extended in Argentina from 1895 to 1908; the last one in Russia was taken in 1S97. Decennial censuses are taken regularly in France, Germany, and some other countries; in the quinquennial censuses of Denmark and Norway the areas returned under the various crops are utilized unchanged in estimating the crop production of intercensal years. From a statistical point of view it may be said in general that in most foreign •countries the value of their agricultural censuses, particularly in tneir relation to the great food crops, is chiefly historical, but for the minor crops they constitute in countries which make no estianates respecting«such crops the only existing official data. As has been previousl}^ stated, the annual estimates made b}^ the crop-reporting systems abroad are seldom adjusted to census figures. Other valuable sources of information on foreign crop statistics are the voluminous reports made to the Department of Commerce and published under the title of ''Daily Consular and Trade Reports." Reports similar in character, but published less frequently, are made by the consuls of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria, and other nations to their respective home governments. These reports — all of which are on file in the bureau library — contain, among other data, statistical information often not to be found in the official publications of the countries to which the respective consuls are accredited — information which, though it may not have the stamp of official authority, often constitutes the latest or perhaps the only data extant upon a given subject. In a recent report of a Hmigarian consul, for instance, appeared an estimate of the wheat crop of Brazil, a country for which neither official nor "imofficial esti- mates have been heretofore available. For countrie,s which have no official crop-reporting systems or for which no recent census figures are available, the consular reports constitute a prime authority. The daily, weekly, and monthly trade and agricidtural journals of the various countries are also fruitful sources of statistical mfor- mation, especially respecting current market conditions, trade move- ments, etc. A few of them — notably the Times of London, the 50 farmers' BULLETIX 581. Marche Fran^aise of Paris, and the Journal of Commerce and Industry of St. Petersburg — make and publish detailed annual estmiatea respectmg the cereal crops of their respective countries which, in some quarters and on some occasions, meet with as much or more faith than do the ofhcial estimates. A feature of.some of the great commercial journals, such as those usually referred to as " Broom- halls," "Beerbohms," and '' Dornbusch," is the publication of a compilation each autumn or early winter, giving the world's wheat crop of the current year by countries of production. These, of course, antedate all official compilations on this subject, and, though not suitable for permanent record, give the earliest mdica- tion of the probable supply as compared with previous years. Foreign crop statistics, it may be added, when considered with refer- ence to single countries separately, present a valuable record of the agricultural resources of each, but when the attempt is made to consider them totally as a unit, a lack of uniformity in crop-reporting systems, and differences in the methods of expressing the results, detract in some cases from their value. A striking illustration is found in the statistical statements of various countries respecting the condition of the crops during the growing season. In the crop report- ing system of England an average condition is expressed by 100, and variations from the average by proportionate figures above or below 100. In Sweden an excellent condition is expressed by 5; variations fi'om that standard are expressed on a descending scale from 4.9 to 1. In Germany an exactly opposite significance is given to the same figures, excellent being expressed by 1, good by 2, fair by 3, and so on. In some other countries the condition reports are exj^ressed in descriptive terms, i. e., as excellent, good, fair, etc. The lack of uniformity, as illustrated by this example, detracts to some extent from the value of comparisons in other instances. The defect has attracted widespread attention. For manj^ years the International Statistical Institute has at each of its triennial sessions passed resolu- tions advocating a concerted movement among the nations for uni- formity. Manj^ commercial and agricultural organizations have repeatedly indorsed the proposed movement, but having no power to put theif desires into execution nothing tangible has ever been effected. The establishment in 1908 of an International Institute of Agriculture at Rome, where are assembled in continuous work dele- gates from all the great agricultural countries of the world, has now created a center from which, it is expected, powerful influences will constantly be exerted for improvement of crop-reporting services, for their extension to all countries, for imiformity of statistical state- ments, and for a general unification of methods of statistical work throuo-hout the world. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PITRLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FRdM THE SUPER INTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 5 CEKTS PER COPY V U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) and the Bureau of Plant Industry. March 23. 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. ]';ige. Stocks of Grain on Farms March 1 1 Acciiracy of Estimates of Stocks of Grain 2 Sliipments of Grain out of Counties where Grown 3 Preparing Seed Corn for Planting (by C. P. Hartley) 4 The Preparation of Seed Grain for Spring Planting (hy M. A. Carleton) 6 V\'ages of Farm Labor 7 Hours of Farm Hired Labor 9 Trend of Prices of Farm Products JO Value per Acre of ("'rop Production 11 Sjoecial Florida and California Crop Report 22 STOCKS OF GRAIN ON FARMS MARCH 1. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricul- tural Forecasts) estimates, from reports of correspondents and agcnits, that the amoimt of wheat on farms March 1, 1914, was about 151,809,000 bushels or 19.9 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 156,483,000 bushels or 21.4 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913, and 122,025,000 bushels or 19.6 per cent of the 1911 crop on farms March 1, 1912. About 53.9 per cent of the crop will be shipped out of the counties where grown, against 61.6 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 56.1 per cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. The amount of corn on farms March 1, 1914, was about 866,392,000 bushels or 35.4 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 1,289,655,000 bushels or 41.3 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913, and TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF APRIL CROP REPORT. On Tuesday, April 7, at 12 noon (^^'asllington time), the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) of the United States Department of Agriculture will issue a report upon the condition on April 1 of winter wheat and rye. Details by States, v.'iih comparisons, will appear in the April issue of the Agricultural Outlook. This nundjer (April) of the Agricultural Outlook will also give estimates of the condition on April 1 and losses during the year from diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, and swine; losses from exposure of cattle and sheep; and the number of breeding sows on April 1, 1914, as compared with April 1, 1913, in percentages. 34516°— 14 1 2 farmers' bulletin 584. 884,069,000 bushels or 34.9 per cent of the 1911 crop on farms March 1, 1912. About 17.2 per cent of the crop will bq shipped out of the counties where grown, against 21.8 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 20.5 per cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. The proportion of the 1913 crop which is merchantable is about 80.1 per cent, against 85 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 80.1 per cent of the 1911 crop. The amount of oats on farms March 1, 1914, was about 419,476,000 bushels or 37.4 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 604,216,000 bushels or 42.6 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913, and 289,988,000 bushels or 31.4 per cent of the 1911 crop on farms March 1, 1912. About 26.5 per cent of the crop will be shipped out of the counties where grown, against 30.9 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 28.8 per cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. The amount of barley on farms March 1, 1914, was about 44,126,000 bushels or 24.8 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 62,283,000 bushels or 27.8 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms Mai'ch 1, 1913, and 24,760,000 bushels or 15.5 per cent of the 1911 crop on farms March 1, 1912. About 48.4 per cent wiU be shipped out of the counties where grown, against 53.7 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 57.2 per cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. Details by States are shown in the tables on pages 12 to 15. ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES OF FARM SUPPLIES OF WHEAT. In years past there has been some disposition to question the esti- mates made on March 1 each year by the Department of Agriculture of the stocks of wheat held on farms as being too low, giving as a reason that the apparent supplies on July 1 plus the apparent con- sumption, for one-third of a year (March 1 to July 1) and exports from March 1 to July 1 gave a figure larger than the estimate of the Depart- ment of Agriculture as to the stocks on farms. During the past four years these estimates have been checked against data, collected after the close of the season, of the marketings of wheat by farmers, sup- plies on July 1, and the amount used for seed. Table 1 shows the apparent stocks on March 1 of each of the past four years, based upon the stocks on farms July 1, the marketings between March 1 and July 1 , and the amount used for spring seeding. Table 1. [In millions of bushels.] On farms July 1 Spring seeding Marketed Mar. 1 to July 1 by farmers Apparent farm stock Mar. 1 Equal, in per cent of crop Stock on farms Mar. 1 as reported Equal, in per cent of crop 1913 1912 33 24 24 2o 95 80 154 21.1 156 21.4 129 20.8 122 19.6 163 25.6 1910 34 36 27 25 109 94 170 156 26.8 22.8 160 23.4 THE AGEICULTXJEAL OUTLOOK. Considering the difliculty involved in securing accurate data of supplies, there is reasonable consistency in the figures above. The total supplies of wheat in the country at any one time are made up of that held on farms, that held in interior mills and elevators, and that held in primary markets. Stocks held at primary markets and a comparatively few interior points of lai-ge accumulation can be counted and are called ''visible" stocks, and the amount so held is reported each week in trade journals as visible stocks of wheat. But no such data are collected concerning stocks held in the vast number of small mills and elevators scattered tliroughout the comitry. Soon after harvest farmers market their grain much faster than the receipts of grain at ''primary" or "visible" supply points indicate, suppUes then being accumulated in the uncounted interior mills and elevators; as the season advances, the movement from farms slackens, but the supplies at primary or "visible" points continue to be sup- pUed largely by the interior "invisible" points. In other words, in the first part of the crop season the marketings of farmers are relatively greater than the receipts at primary or "visible" points, but in the latter part of the crop season, from March 1 to July 1, the marketings b}^ farmers are relatively less than the receipts at primarj^ or "%dsible" points, the interior "invisible" points being the intermediate reservoir. Those who have criticized the estimates of the Department of Agriculture have evidently overlooked tliis difference in the relative marketings by farmers and the movement to primary points. The unaccounted stocks on ^larch 1 are held not so much on farms as in the interior mills and elevators. SHIPMENTS OF GRAIN OUT OF COUNTIES WHERE GROWN. In this issue of the Outlook (pp. 12 and 13) are published estimates of the percentage of the wheat and corn crops wliich moves out of comities where grown. Inquiries on this subject have been made yearly since 18S3, about 30 years; the estimates indicate approxi- mately the portion of the crops which enters commercial channels; that is, wliich is shipped by railroads or boats. The figures indicate that there has been a gradual increase in the portion of both the corn crop and the wheat crop so handled. For, by dividing the 30 years into three periods of 10 years each, it is observed that in the eighties 55.1 per cent of the wheat crop moved out of counties where grown; in the nineties, 55.7 per cent; and in the last decade, 58.1 per cent. So, in the case of corn, in the eighties 16.9 per cent of the crop moved out of counties where grown; in the nineties, 19.2 per cent; and m the last decade, 21.9 per cent of the crop. farmers' bulletin 584. This tendency of an increasing part of the crop to be carried by raih-oads is undoubtedly a result of the area of production moving westward faster than the movement of the consuming area. The East and Southeast have become more and more dependent upon the West for their grain supplies, and thus more and more of the crop is represented in interstate commerce. PREPARING SEED CORN FOR PLANTING. By C. P. Hartley, Phi/siologisl in Charge of Corn Investigations, Bureau of riant Industry. In general, better seed corn is now being used than was planted years ago. Experience is teaching the importance of good seed selection and proper care. Every spring there is a scarcity of good seed corn in some sections of the United States, and often the defi- ciency can not be suppUed from other sections because the seed is not suitable. This scarcity of good seed corn can be prevented if farmers will properly save enough seed for several years' planting. When the crop is good and the corn matures perfectly, sufficient seed for two or three years' planting should be saved. The past year was unusually favorable in some States, and in those States seed should be retained for 1915. The exercise of such foresight from year to year is greatly improving the general quality of the seed corn planted. Farmers in several States which, because of severe drought last summer, -averaged but very few bushels of corn per acre are now very much better supplied with acchmated seed corn than they would have been years ago under like circum- stances. SHOULD OLD OR NEW SEED BE PLANTED? Many inquiries have been received in regard to the comparative values of the seed corn of 1912 and 1913. Other things being equal, new seed should be planted. If, however, the season of 1913 was unfavorable to production or the proper maturing of the corn, while the season of 1912 was more favorable, the old seed will produce the better. Wlien selected early, promptly dried, and properly cared for, seed corn retains its vitaUty and productivity for several years. SHOULD THE GERMINATING POWER OF EACH EAR BE TESTED.' If from corn that matured well, seed is selected from standing stalks as soon as matured and is then promptly dried and kept dry, it will germinate all right. Test 50 or 100 ears. Use the rag-doU method, a box of damp sawdust or sand, or any of the methods that have been so often THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 5 described. The testing can be done in the kitchen. It is merely necessary to keep the seed moist and warm for about six days. During the day the kernels should be fully as warm as a comforta- ble living room. It is not necessary to keep them at a uniform temperature, but they should not be allowed to become heated or to freeze. If the selected ears aU germinate well the remainder of the supply that has been equally well cared for need not be tested. No farmer can afford to plant an ear that is weak. It will i:)ro- duce weak, unproductive, and unprofitable stalks. Corn smut can not be prevented by ^treating the seed corn. A PRACTICAL METHOD OF GRADING SEED CORN. Seed corn can not be successfully graded by the ordinary fanning mill or seed grader. It can, however, be successfully graded before the kernels are removed from the ears. All farmers realize the advantage of a uniform stand of stalks. Xo corn planter will drop the same number of kernels in every hill unless they are uniform in size and shape. Before shelling, the ears should be divided into two classes — those having medium-sized kernels and those having large- sized kernels. SHELL THE SEED CORN BY HAND. The members of the staff of the OfRcc of Corn Investigations have used shellers of many makes, sizes, and patterns, and are agreed that it is advisable and profitable to shell seed corn by hand. The first operation consists in removing from the ears and discarding all kernels of poor size, shape, or appearance. The small, partially developed kernels from the tips of ears produce small, unproductive, and barren stalks. An ear is then shelled into a sieve, thus separating the chaff from the kernels. By this means the kernels from each ear can be inspected, and if in any way objectionable they can all be easily discarded. This opportunity is lost if ears are run tlii'ough a sheller, and shellers usually break or crack some of the kernels. TESTING THE DROP OF THE CORN PLANTER. Corn kernels are larger some seasons than others. The proper planter plates should be chosen, tested, and tied to the sack con- taining the kind of kernels which they drop satisfactorily. It is important to have these preliminaries well attended to early, so that delays will not occur when the soil is in good condition for planting. 6 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 584. THE PREPARATION OF SEED GRAIN FOR SPRING PLANTING. By M. A. Carleton, Cerealist, Bureau of Plant Industry. CLEANING AND GRADING. Seed grain should be carefully cleaned and graded before sowing. This work is ordinarily done with the fanning mill, the light kernels and some of the trash being blown out by a current of air, while the small kernels and most of the weed seeds are removed by means of screens. Many of the light or small kernels will not germinate at all, v/hile others will produce only weak plants which mature little or no seed. The removal of the weed seeds helps to prevent the spread of weeds and favors the growth of the grain crop. The cleaning and grading process is also of assistance in preventing disease, as it removes many smut balls and diseased kernels. The proportion of the seed which should be removed depends very largely on its quality. If it is poor, light, or chaffy, a much larger propor- tion should be taken out than if it is plump and heavy. To prepare seed wheat for sowing two precautions are to be observed: First, run the grain through a fanning mill in order to obtain a uniformly good grade of seed. The wind will remove prac- tically all smut balls and light weed seed, while the heavier small seeds of weeds will pass through the sieves. Second, all seed wheat should be treated for the prevention of bunt or stinking smut and other preventable diseases. The following method of seed treatment, if carefully applied, will give satisfactory results: Prepare a solution of formalin by adding standard commercial formalin to water in the ratio of 1 pint to 40 gallons. Pour this solution into a tank of convenient capacity, say 24 cubic feet, until the tank is half full. Add grain to the amount of 10 bushels, and stir with a long-handled shovel or hoe. This V\dll float smut balls to the surface for removal. Allow the solution to act 20 to 30 minutes. Then draw off the solution into another tank or barrel and shovel the grain into sacks if it is to be sown the same day. Otherwise wash the treated grain with pure water and spread out to dry. It has been found that those wheats most easily injured by the thrasher are most susceptible to injury b}" formalin or bluestone treatment. Therefore to reduce this seed injury to a minimum it is advisable to wash the treated grain as suggested. Loose smiit of wheat can be prevented, but the method is not easily practicable. THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 7 OATS. To prepare oats for planting, run seed through the fanning mill to remove bits of straw, weed stems, and foul seed. Then treat with a 1-40 solution of formalin in the following way: Put grain to be treated in coarse bags and immerse for 20 muiutes in the formalui solution. Lift out of barrel and allow to drain. If it is not convenient to sow on day of treatment, the seed should be dipped in pure water to wash off the remaining formalin. This treatment, if ])roi)erly carried out, will prevent oat smut. BARLEY. In preparing barley seed for planting, the same methods should be employed as those recommendetl for oats. Barley, being somewhat more susceptible to formalm injury than other grains, should be treated 10 minutes with a 1-50 solution followed b}' washing in pure water. This treatment will prevent covered smut of barley and materially check the ravages of the leaf-stripe disease. FLAX. Thoroughly clean all seed before sowing. To prevent flax wilt and other preventable diseases, pile the seed to be treated on a clean, tight floor and apph^ a 1-40 solution of formalin at the rate of 2 quarts to the bushel. This will not cause the seed to mat, but is suflicient to moisten it thoroughly. GR-VIN SORGHUMS. The seeds of kafir, milo, feterita, etc., intended for plantmg this spring should be carefully examined for quality. Prolonged summer drought in 1913, aided by chinch bugs and grasshoppers m some sec- tions, injured these crops quite seriously in a considerable part of the sorghum belt. Much of the seed harvested from such fields was immature or shrunken and will give only poor stands if planted. Some seed which was of fairly gofxl quality when harvested has doubtless been injured by being allowed to heat in the bin after thrashing. Careful germination tests will help to show the planting value of the seed in hand. It should be remembered, however, that poor seed usually does not germinate as well in the fields as in tests made in the house. WAGES OF FARM LABOR. The money wages of farm labor increased about 2.5 per cent during the past year and about 1 1 per cent during the past four years. Since 1902 the increase has been about 36 per cent. These estimates are based upon reports of correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) of the Department of Agriculture. 8 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 584. Wages of farm labor tended upward during the decade of the seventies, they were ahnost stationary during the eighties, and dechned from 1892 to 1894, since which time they have steadily tended upward. Farm wages now, compared with wages during the eighties, are about 55 per cent higher; compared with the low year of 1894, wages are now about 67 per cent higher. The current average rate of farm wages in the United States, when board is included, is, by the month, $21.38; by the day, other than harvest, $1.16; at harvest, $1.57. "VMi en board is not includ cd the rate is, by the month, $30.31; by the day, other than harvest, $1.50; by the day at harvest, $1.94. The premium of harvest wages over ordinary day wages on the farm is gradually lessening. Thirty years ago wages at harvest averaged nearly 60 per cent higher than wages at other than harvest time; 20 years ago the premium was about 42 per cent; 10 years ago, about 35 per cent; and last year, about 32 per cent. Perhaps this is due in part to improved labor-saving harvest machinery and in part to an improved system of farming by which the labor demand is more evenly distributed through the year. The money wages, when board is furnished, is about 30 per cent less than when board is not included; that is, nearly one-third of w^hat a man earns is charged to board. This ratio has not changed materially in the past 30 years. Wages in different sections of the United States vary widely, averag- insr highest in the far Western States and lowest in the South Atlantic vStates. For instance, tlie monthly rate, without board, is $56.50 in Nevada, $54 in Montana, and $51 in Utah; but $17.90 in South Caro- hna, $19.60 in ;Mississippi, and $20.20 in Georgia. The highest State average, $56.50, is thus seen to be 3.2 times higher than the lowest rate, $17.90. This wide difference in the wage rates in different sections of the United States is gradually lessening. In seven investigations made between 1866 and 1881 the average of wages of farm day labor (with- out board) in the far Western States (where wages were highest) was about 160 per cent higher than in the South Atlantic States (where wages were lowest) ; whereas in seven investigations made since 1898 the Western States averaged about 110 per cent higher than the South Atlantic, and in the past year they were only about 90 per cent higher. The money w\ages of farm labor have increased relatively more than wages for labor in city manufactories during the past 20 to 30 years. A comparison of the average of wages per emplo57'ee in manufacturing industri(^s, as reported by the censuses of 1910, 1900, and 1890, indi- cates that the wages of such employees increased 22 per cent in 10 years (1900 to 1910) and increased only 23 per cent in the 20 years; THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 tlio increases in farm-labor wages were approximately 37 per cent in the 10 years and about 55 per cent in the 20 years. This relative gain of rural upon urban wages tends to check automatically the movement from country to cit)- . Wages of farm labor have been increasing rapidly, not only in the United States, but in most, if not all, other countries of the world. In the central agricultural region of Russia the wage per day paid to male labor for the years 1901-1905 averaged 34. kopecks (17.5 cents) at sowing time, 50 kopecks (25.7 cents) at hay harvest, and 54 kopecks (27.7 cents) at wheat harvest. By 1910 these wages had increased to 55 kopecks (27.8 cents), 73 kopecks (37.6 cents), and 87 kopecks (44.8 cents), respectively. In Hungary the wages of agri- cultural laborers increased about 60 per cent in the 10 years from 1897 to 1907. In Denmark, from 1892 to 1905, wages of farm labor, with board, increased about 30 per cent, and without board 22 per cent. In Sweden wages of agricultural laborers increased 38 per cent in the 10 years from 1898 to 1908. For Norway we have data show- ing the wages in country and in towns, wherein is shown tliat wages with board increased 19 per cent in country and 15 per cent in towns during the 10 years, 1895 to 1905, thus showing a greater gain in country than in town wages. In Japan, where economic conditions have been changing raj^idly, the yearly money wages of agricultural la])or more than doulded in the 14 years from 1894 1o 1908 and increased 43 per cent from 1898 to 1908. Although farm wages in the United States increased about 37 per cent from 1900 to 1910, land values nearly doubled in the same time, indicathig that in the distribution of the proceeds from farming- operations a larger proportion now goes to capital account and less to labor account than formerly; the interest rate of return on the cap- italized value of land, however, is probably less now than 25 or 30 years ago. The value per acre of crop production increased about 50 per cent from 1900 to 1910. A detailed statement by States of wages is shown on pages 16, 17, and 18. HOURS OF FARM HIRED LABOR. The average length of time per day required of hired labor on farms of the United States during the spring season is 9 hours 54 minutes; during the summer season, 10 hours 54 minutes; fall season, 9 hours 52 minutes; winter season, 8 hours 33 minutes. The average for the four seasons is 9 hours 48 minutes. These estimates are based upon reports of correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts), Department of Agriculture, shown in detail on page 19. The State having the longest working time in the spring season is North Dakota, 10 hours 50 minutes; followed by Wisconsin, 10 hours 34516°— 14 2 10 farmers' bulletin 584. 40 minutes; and Minnesota, 10 hours 30 minutes. The shortest working day in the spring is in Utah, 9 hours; followed by Arizona and Nevada, each with 9 hours 30 minutes. In the summer season Maryland has the distinction of the longest working day, 11 hours 45 minutes; followed by Oklahoma, 11 hours 25 minutes; and Minnesota, 1 1 hours 20 minutes. Utah again has the shortest working day, 9 hours 30 minutes, followed by Nevada, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, each ^^ith 10 hours. The time required of farm labor in the fall is longest in North Dakota, 11 hours; followed by Minnesota, 10 hours 25 minutes; and South Dakota, 10 hours 15 minutes. The shortest period is in Utah, 9 hours; followed by Delaware, 9 hours 25 minutes; and Nevada, 9 hours 30 minutes. In the winter season a day's work is longest in Florida, 9 hours 20 minutes; followed by Vermont, 9 hours 15 minutes; and New Hamp- shire, 9 hours 10 minutes. The shortest period in winter is in Utah, 7 hours 55 minutes; followed by North Dakota and Indiana, each with 8 hours 5 minutes; and Wyoming and Idaho, 8 hours 10 minutes. By combining the sepai'ate estimates of the four seasons, we find Wisconsin ranking first, 10 hours 16 minutes; Minnesota and North Dakota close behind, each with 10 hours 15 minutes; followed by Maryland, with 10 hours 7 minutes; and South Dakota, 9 hours 59 minutes. The shortest period is credited to Utah, 8 hours 51 minutes; followed by Nevada, 9 hours 21 minutes ; Arizona, 9 hours 26 minutes ; Ohio, 9 hours 30 minutes; and Wyoming, 9 hours 31 minutes. It thus appears that farm hired labor is required to work longest in the section including Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North and South Dakota ; and shortest in the Rocky Mountain States, including Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and Wyoming. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the prin- cipal crops increased about 1.3 per cent during February; in the past six years the price level has increased during February 1.7 per cent; thus, the increase this year is less than usual. On March 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 18.1 per cent higher than a year ago, but 7.5 per cent lower than two years ago and 4.8 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on March 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals increased 3.1 per cent during the month from Januaiy 15 to February 15, which compares with an increase of 4.7 per cent in the same period a year ago, an increase of 1.8 per cent two years ago, a THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 decrease of 3.4 per cent three years ago, and an increase of 0.6 per cent four years ago. It thus appears that the advance in prices in meat animals in the past month this year has been greater than usual. On February 15 the average (weighted) prices of meat animals, hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens, was $7.27 per 100 pounds, which is 8.6 per cent higher than the prevailing price a year ago, 31.3 per cent higher than two years ago, 17.5 per cent higher than three years ago, and 8.4 per cent higher than four years ago on February 15. A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 20 and 21. VALUE PER ACRE OF CROP PRODUCTION. The value per acre of crop ])r()ductiou in 1913 is estimated as approximately $16.31, which is the highest average that has been recorded in any year since such (estimates have been made, viz, 1866, and compares with $15.96 similarly estimated for 1912 crops, $15.51 for 1911, $15.52 for 1910, and $16.02 for 1909. Crop yields in 1911 were very short and in 1913 below average, whereas 1912 crops were unusually large; but, by reason of high prices w^hen production is short and low prices when production is large, the vahu^ per acre in these years lias differed but slightly. In particular States, however, there have been considerable varia- tions. Value per acre was lowest this year in Kansas, $7, due to the severe drought last summ(>r; the year before Kansas crops were worth $10.60 per acre. On th(> other hand, Iowa crops in 1913 ($17.01 per acre) were worth more than in 1912 ($14.30). A detailed statement by States for the ])ast five years is given on page . These estimates are based upon data ) 536 0) 3,571 0) 898 1,547 (1) (1) (') 0) 871 (') 3,480 (') 1,504 2,160 (') (') (') (') 97 101 94. 103 95 100 102 N.J 104 Pa 6,021 7,595 KB Del 361 1,620 1,720 714 1,325 140 168 415 2,228 2,428 868 1,688 264 301 98 95 100 101 110 124 117 100 101 106 102 111 115 121 las Md 103 Va 107 W. Va N.C 106 115 s. c 1?? Ga ^K Fla Ohio 28 20 17 26 36 29 26 IT 19 27 22 12 13 16 15 17 13 11 22 34 34 32 16 21 25 25 18 12 18 10 12 28 22 19 27 32 28 32 19 22 25 26 18 17 20 19 22 9,828 7,960 7,123 3,328 1,332 19, 720 4,264 6, 732 14,991 9,180 13, 706 10, 440 1,287 1,344 60 1,666 1,313 1,078 1,540 1,224 22, 780 4,096 3,808 30, 198 13, 050 13, 775 16,614 828 1,278 30 12 7,947 6,970 5,921 4.024 1,052 16,851 3,282 5,108 19, 708 9,799 11,838 12,875 1,485 1,545 82 13 44 52 53 40 24 59 58 43 .68 65 62 54 25 28 3 27 40 52 36 21 62 58 53 73 70 69 69 29 28 4 1 44 50 53 41 17 67 39 48 75 72 66 71 31 30 3 4,212 4,773 3,770 1,789 476 8,845 1,312 5,542 8,674 6,795 6,856 6,959 1,972 1,428 1,464 1,210 982 980 463 10, 726 1,928 4,275 24, 449 8,350 4,955 8,306 1,166 920 (•) 6,154 5,848 7,140 2,590 651 5,707 1,590 6,137 9,516 1,776 4,576 4,626 2, .574 1,245 (') 92 91 87 92 83 83 79 87 SO 78 74 79 97 103 122 102 98 94 101 82 79 79 95 74 75 73 77 101 107 118 103 Ind 101 Ill ... . 98 Mich. 100 Wis 93 Minn 94 Iowa . . 88 Mo 98 N.Dak S. Dak Nebr 90 89 85 91 Ky... 103 Tenn 108 Ala 114 Miss La Tex 10 8 24 23 31 21 15 12 28 28 19 12 11 13 12 13 17 27 35 19 15 10 32 29 25 14 13 13 11 13 23 26 31 24 IS 12 31 28 22 14 14 10 1,360 1,400 312 4,761 682 2,328 180 108 1,792 308 . 2,679 6, 396 1,320 2,613 1.53 5,211 770 2,090 180 70 1,952 319 3,650 7 .=;is 938 2,266 238 2, .597 486 1,987 178 69 1,570 240 2,783 5,927 2,226 883 48 60 14 55 25 55 15 10 28 20 54 75 58 48 50 68 13 49 20 48 13 5 35 20 58 79 65 61 32 62 8 37 9 49 8 7 35 14 63 77 59 61 2,320 1,575 Si (>) (') (') (') (') (') 9,594 (1) (•) 1,764 3,215 (') (■) (0 (') (>) (') (') (') 0) 16,118 0) (1) 1,056 900 0) 0) (1) (') (>) (') (1) (') 0) 9,633 0) 0) 90 80 87 65 73 75 92 100 75 91 67 80 96 93 80 90 66 91 73 87 118 76 101 68 80 90 104 Okla 9'? Ark 97 Mont 83 Wvo 97 Colo 86 N.Mex Ariz 107 114 Utah S3 Nev 106 Idaho Wash 79 85 Oreg 1 727 "> 7.^n 88 Cal '546 819 99 U.S 19.9 21.4 22.3 151,809 156,483 149,024!53.9i61.6'58.1 1 111 98, 505 118, 400 95, 71C ,83.1 80.6 93.1 1 Not estimated separately, but included in total. THE AGEICULTTJEAL OUTLOOK. 13 Table 4. — Com. — Estimated stocks on farms and price per bushel Mar. 1, percentage of crop which mores out of county -where groicn, and percentage of crop vhich is of mer- chantable quality, by States, and for time indicated. Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts . . . Ehode Island Connecticut . . New York New Jersey. . . Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina . Georgia. Florida. Ohio.... Indiana . Illinois . . Michigan . . AVisconsiu . Minnesota . Iowa Missouri... North Dakota : South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee . Alabama. . Mississippi . Louisiana . . Texas Oklahoma. Arkansas. . Montana . . Wyoming. Colorado. . . New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Per cent of crop on farms Mar. 1 — P.c 17 21 24 28 47 30 23 44 3S 43 42 44 33 4S 53 53 42 37 37 36{ P.c. 21 30 28 34 48 32 33 40 39 41 46 42 34 45 50 42 34 44 44 45 32 38 37 3 35| 42 37 45 22l 40 P.c 22 30 31 33 41 32 31 40 36 41 41 41 31 46 52 44 37 39 40 43 34 32 35 43 38 20 32 41 34 39 42 43 43 38 31 28 38 19 21 28 20 16 20 Quantity on farms Mar. 1, in thousands of bushels, i. e., 000 omitted. Bu. 102 168 408 532 188 690 3,450 4,796 21,698 2,666 9,282 22,660 7,491 26, 544 20, 405 33,390 4,242 54, 131 ()5, 208 101,592 17,952 24, 716 33,600 125, 171 28, 402 2, 100 20,863 27,408 1,404 25, 432 28,854 26,038 30,240 15, 884 48,960 9,396 16,920 252 85 2,016 288 80 Bu. 126 330 504 714 240 960 6,534 4,160 24,024 2,706 11,270 19,950 8,330 22, 995 17,150 22,680 2,890 76, 73( 87, 73( 191,835 20, 976 20,405 32,844 194,400 97,560 1,760 27, 468 73,040 62, 712 45,948 40, 018 24,390 25,5t;0 12, 025 52, 122 31,589 19,695 180 140 3,219 441 S5 00 gS Bu. 153 304 610 06 184 899 6, 372 4,081 20, 594 2,467 9,362 19,361 6,380 21,38 15,32 22,915 2,925 60, 145 71,904 157, 795 18,931 17,054 23,605 146,983 SI, 105 1,127 18,684 75, 316 53, 899 36,998 35, 464 20, 436 20,419 12, 650 39, 785 24, S54 19,048 71 40 Per cent of crop shipped out of county where grown. P.c. 1 1 1 2 15 379 71 53 1,581 15 P.c.\P.c. Per cent of crop mer- chantable. P.c. 65 64 61 72 71 73 59 88 p.c 80 76 70 82 S( 84 73 90 86 29 80 lOi 84 5 811 4 87 3 9l! 24 81] 321 M 89 91 71 ]\ 87 87 55 71 80 86 89 83 78i 81 861 S3 65| 81 50| 74 66i 70 81 87 85 70 74 Price per bushel to producers Mar. 1— "* o 05 as. Cts. 85 m 80 65 74 66 79 68 85 77 66 80 m 77 64 71 63 70 54 68 .56 83 70 86 68 93 83 101 90 93 85 81 87 63 49 61 46 ()0 46 t)6 52 59 48 50 38 ,56 39 72 48 57 49 54 37 (iO 43 71 47 79 61 82 65 93 79 81 75 79 75 87 69 75 49 82 70 92 75 50 68 46 77 77 108 V.V) 74 72 73 76 71 82 86 83 69.1 52.2 Cts. 74 73 71 73 72 75 70 69 69 62 65 75 76 85 91 86 87 57 54 53 59 57 48 48 57 58 47 48 54 67 83 79 73 75 59 74 98 62 64 93 110 77 Idaho Washington . Oregon California 40 150 78 252 52 1.52 78 266 40 114 218 78 8' 80 83 80 81 90 89 United States. 35,4 41.3 39, o! 866,392 1,289,655 l,072,S,S517,2i21,S 14 FARMERS BULLETIN 584. Table 5. — Oats. — Estimated stocks on/arms and price per bushel Mar. 1 and percentage of crop vhich moves out of county where grown, by States, and for time indicated. State. Maine New Hampshire . Vermont Massachuset ts Rhode Island Coimecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States . Per cent of crop on farms Mar. 1— 1014 1913 r.c. r.c. m 32 28 35 :« 39 24 35 27 32 27 24 43 43 35 31 42 42 25 25 26 25 .30 29 28 30 20 19 18 18 19 15 15 11 36 41 29 36 37 41 39 42 45 49 44 47 40 47 28 37 47 58 43 52 38 44 23 39 23 28 26 24 14 13 16 14 15 14 22 22 25 32 27 21 46 50 35 45 35 35 20 24 23 13 32 40 31 27 32 38 33 30 33 31 15 14 37.4 42.6 1909- 1913 aver- age. P.c. 31 32 37 32 32 26 41 38 40 26 Quantity on farms Mar. l" in thousands of bushels, i. e., 000 omitted. Bu. 2,016 112 1,178 72 81 18, 361 700 15,036 25 338 1,260 784 900 1.530 1,748 1.35 19. 584 10. 556 38,517 17,550 37,3.50 49,544 67,300 7.420 27,166 18, 103 22, 648 7, 8S9 736 1.638 938 448 150 7,150 4,625 1,728 10, 028 2,940 3.7-15 300 69 1,312 155 4,832 4. 686 5,016 990 Bu. 1,472 175 1,287 105 32 72 15, 781 589 15,288 25 350 1,131 930 722 1,260 1,140 77 38,253 28, 728 74,907 21,756 41.503 57,763 102. 366 13, 727 55,216 27,248 24,420 21,450 1,120 1,344 676 280 98 6,842 7,520 735 11.450 3, 870 4.340 432 39 1.680 108 6,460 4,110 4,247 1,092 37.1 419,476 604,216 396,230 1909- 1913 aver- age. Bu. 1,480 140 1,033 ss 24 92 15,863 735 12,966 29 313 1,097 675 732 1,143 1,123 104 22, 759 17,. 302 50,209 17,548 31,722 34, 168 63, 152 9,677 25,159 14,301 22,0.89 13,485 928 1,396 684 340 109 3,661 4,627 1,042 6,503 1,936 3,026 278 35 1,215 87 3,817 3,228 3,248 862 "Per cent of crop shipped out of county where grown. P.c. 2 3 1 1 P.c. 2 1 4 13 10-yr. aver P.c. 2 1 1 7 12 7 10 12 7 3 3 3 3 3 31 44 51 26 18 29 39 16 16 27 34 14 Price per bushel to producers Mar. 1 — 1914 Cts. 60 57 50 52 Cts. 50 49 46 46 1909- 1913 aver- Cts. 56 55 55 55 60 55 49 49 50 45 49 58 56 65 68 74 43 41 41 43 41 38 37 44 38 37 38 44 54 56 68 65 62 57 51 60 46 52 50 60 71 51 63 42.6 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 Table Q.—Bar\ey.~-Estimated stocks on /amis and price per bushel Mar. 1 percentane of crop which moves out of county where grown, by States, and for time indicated State. Percent of crop on farms Mar. 1— 1914 Maine 30 New Hampshire 20 Vermont 25 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . . Delaware 1913 P.c. 23 25 25 Quantity on farms Mar. 1, in thousands of bushels, i. e., 000 omitted . P.c. 21 27 28 Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina. iia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska . . . . . Klansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi.... Louisiana Texas 20 Oklahoma. Arkansas. . Montana . . Wyoming. . Colorado . . . New Mexico. Arizona... Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Oregon California... 23 2."-, 23 20 21 24 15 16 United States.. 24.8 27.8 Bu. 23 100 259 44 393 527 5,981 10,788 2,300 22 6,885 3,856 370 486 6 3 19 282 289 123 1,739 1,677 882 4,972 Bu. 21 112 Per cent of crop shipped out of countj' where grown. Price per bushel to producers Mar. 1 — P.c. 1 1 400 "(58 192 90 684 621 8,184 14, 280 4,234 35 10,912 5,775 775 1,804 52 30 "ism 180 1,050 12 336 319 150 1,725 1,580 1,032 60 34 285 308 2,926 4,760 2,200 25 3,690 825 182 320 6 17 10 10 '"'385' 100 315 15 195 150 125 900 1,040 780 4,466 P.c. 1 1912 P.c. 2 44,126 62,283 24, 760 48.4 53.7 Cts. 77 90 80 62 70 68 51 55 66 I 1909- 1913 aver- age. Cts. 63 65 68 71 64 65 70 57 62 54 61 74 16 farmers'' bulletin 584. Table 7. — Wages of male farm, labor. Per month with hoard. Pei month without board. State and division. 1913 1909 1899 1893 1913 1909 1899 1893 Maine .$25. 50 24.70 26.30 25.50 25.00 23.90 25.50 21.20 20.60 17.20 17.30 16.10 21.20 15.90 13.40 14.30 17.90 22.70 22.30 2.5.30 24.90 28.10 28.90 30.70 21.60 31.00 30.00 26.90 24.00 17.40 15. 80 14.40 13.60 14.00 19.20 20.00 17.00 37.20 34.70 29.10 24.80 35.00 38. .50 39.70 36.00 33. 20 31.00 35.10 21.38 $26. 71 25.18 25.93 26.52 24.62 24.61 24.78 20.50 19.69 17.12 15.96 15.00 20.33 14.05 11.96 13.21 17.86 21.35 21.40 24.52 24.36 27.52 28.30 28.14 20.56 32. 33 30.38 27.50 25.21 17.13 14.98 13.19 14.21 13.94 18.47 20.87 16.31 38.05 34.53 31.53 25.62 35.28 40.77 40.30 39.38 35. 43 33.11 34.17 20.01 $18.00 18.48 18.74 18.32 18.35 17.52 17.52 15.19 14.32 11.98 11.53 10.43 13.55 8.56 7.34 8.05 11.32 15. 27 15.45 17.76 16.95 19.20 19. 98 19. 32 14.57 21.82 20.41 18.87 17.46 12.24 10.33 S. 63 9.27 10.30 12.94 14.52 10.54 32.12 29. 64 23.23 18.45 28.23 25.72 31.76 28.13 25.06 22.89 25.64 13.90 $18. 20 18.96 18.20 18. 55 19.14 18.21 18.91 14.74 14.19 12.23 11.77 9.84 12.82 8.62 7.92 8.99 11.67 15.40 15.69 18.08 17.54 18.58 18.78 19.46 14.56 22.27 20.24 17.96 16.27 11.98 10.10 9.12 9. 78 11.44 13.58 14.85 11.56 32. 09 30.48 23. 42 18.76 26.12 24.65 30.58 27.28 24.11 . 21.99 26.37 13.85 .$36.00 38. 60 37.00 42.00 39.40 39. .30 36.20 .35. .50 32. 00 2(i. 00 26. 50 23.50 30. 50 22. .30 17.90 20.20 26.70 32. 20 30.20 33. 30 35.00 39.80 41.00 40.20 29.40 42.50 43.00 38.40 33.70 24.00 22.30 20.30 19.60 20.70 27.50 29.10 24.50 54.00 49.20 44.. 30 36.00 48. 50 51.00 56.50 50.00 48.40 44. .50 50.70 30.31 .137. 38 37.92 36.51 41.40 43.11 36. 92 33.64 32. 01 29.45 26.14 23.82 21.11 28.05 19.55 15.71 18.33 26.64 28.84 27.91 31.31 32. 96 36. 92 38.90 .36. 19 27.74 45.96 40. 75 37.98 34.79 22.38 20. 36 18.63 19.79 19. 54 25.14 28.70 22.68 53.32 43.98 45.59 34.17 48.24 56.12 54.95 51.64 48. 54 43.98 4 7. .30 27.43 .$26. 58 28.22 27.49 31.25 30.56 30.28 24.88 25.30 22.71 18.55 17.92 14.82 19.85 12.39 10.06 11.38 17.40 22.14 21.87 24.34 24.12 27.68 29.46 27.09 20.44 32.84 .30. 58 27.40 25.24 16.64 14.21 12.56 13.17 14.88 17.98 21.55 15.09 42.78 42.54 34.36 25.22 38.26 34.43 45.10 39. 39 36.77 31.23 36.87 19.97 $26. .39 New Hampshire 28.72 25.55 Massachusetts Rhode Island 31.15 30.58 .32.32 26.64 24.83 Pennsylvania Delaware 22.84 19.54 18.30 14.40 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 19.06 12.56 10.96 12.54 Florida 18.24 Ohio 21.99 Indiana 21.87 Illinois 24.79 Michigan 25.13 26.96 27.81 27.16 20.57 North Dakota South Dakota 33.28 29.17 26.27 Kansas 24.00 Kentucky 16.67 Tennessee 14.02 13.05 Mississippi 13.54 Louisiana 15.96 Texas Oklahoma 18.96 21.47 16.86 Montana 45.17 43.03 Colorado .35. 18 New Mexico 27.47 38.88 Utah 33.29 43.33 37.76 Washington. . . . 35.43 30.58 California 38.25 United States 19.97 North Atlantic South Atlantic North Central South Central Western 23. 45 15.88 25.56 16..70 33.52 23.26 14.42 24.66 15.91 34.44 16.60 9.26 17.36 10.97 25.19 17.10 9.37 17.16 11.01 24.48 35.29 22. 62 .35.23 23.85 48.17 33.68 20.13 32.90 21.85 47. 24 25.44 13.35 I 24. 75 1 15.47 ' 35. 64 26.11 13.57 24.40 15.45 35.32 THE AGKICULTLTEAL OUTLOOK. Table S. — Wages of male farm labor. 17 Slate and division. Per day at harvest with board. Per day at harvest without board. Per day other than hai'vest ; with board. Per day other than harvest without board. 1913 1909 1893 1913 1909 1893 1913 1909 1893 1913 1909 1893 Maine SL71 1.70 1.71 l.Gl 1.53 1.5,5 1.80 L78 1.53 I.JO 1 30 .81. 63 1.71 1.73 1.60 1.50 1.44 1.77 1.71 1.42 1.38 l.-^l SI. 20 1.29 1.60 1.31 1.07 1.35 1.45 1.58 1.19 1.12 1.15 .95 .98 .80 .09 .76 .75 1.21 1.29 1.33 1.33 1.27 1..56 \ 1.33 1.10 1.73 I 1.57 1.13 1.15 1.11 .93 .71 .62 .79 .93 ' .94 1 .84 1.61 1.57 1 1.23 j 1.01 1.54 1.22 1.56 1.55 L50 1.42 [ 1.C9 $2.12 2.15 2.0<^. 2.08 2.00 1.95 2.30 2.25 1.94 1.74 LC5 1.52 1.73 1.40 1.29 1.38 1.40 2.23 2.20 2.33 2.37 2.36 2.83 2.62 1.95 3.35 2.96 2. 68 2.48 1.68 1.47 1.20 1.16 1.28 1.03 2.00 1.53 2.90 2.54 2.27 1.74 2.31 2.37 2.75 2.76 2.90 2. CO 2.48 S2.02 2.12 2.14 2.03 1.94 1.85 2.07 2.08 1. S2 1.61 1.54 1.37 1. .^3 1.20 1.06 1.12 1.46 2.02 1.97 2.11 2.13 2.19 2.59 2.43 1.81 SI. 46 1.64 1.90 1.71 1.49 L75 1.74 1.98 1.49 1.38 1.42 1.18 1.20 .95 .81 .90 .98 1.44 1..53 1.60 L62 1.56 1.87 1.64 1..33 'si.35 1.39 1.31 1 1.39 j 1.25 1 1.25 1.41 1.23 1.17 j .94 .91 .86 L04 .83 .73 .82 .98 1..33 1 1.25 1..39 1.41 j 1.46 1 l.t,7 ! 1.70 1.08 1.85 1.69 1.57 L.35 .87 .81 .83 .85 .85 L08 LIO .92 1.76 1.59 1.36 L13 1.46 1.75 1.65 1.72 1. 67 1.48 1.44 $L28 1.31 1.21 1.04 1.12 1.14 1.20 1.09 1.04 .95 .90 .74 .89 .70 .60 .71 .86 1.18 1.13 1.33 1.26 1.35 1.53 1.53 1.00 1.66 1.69 1.58 1.44 .82 .74 .I'S .75 .79 .93 1.12 .83 1.68 1. .'•:4 1.44 1.06 1.35 1.61 1.42 1.70 1. 66 1.42 1.43 $1.00 1.02 1.05 1.08 .91 .99 .99 .98 .81 .71 . 64 .49 .62 .46 j .44 ! .49 .71 .85 .M .91 .93 .96 I 1.02 ' 1.00 .68 1.13 1.11 .93 .85 .59 .51 .51 ..';2 .62 .72 .71 . .',6 1.29 1.18 1.00 .85 L02 ; 1.06 1 1.14 1.14 1.08 .96 L05 SI. 74 1.79 1.65 1.87 L72 1.75 1.82 1. 67 1.58 1.19 1. 22 l!ll 1.36 1.06 .91 1.04 1.30 1.71 1. 59 1.73 L82 1.93 2.14 2.13 1.39 2.,-0 2.22 2.06 1.75 1.13 1.03 1.0-1 1.08 1.10 1.34 1.47 1.18 2.52 2.22 1.95 L53 2.00 2.15 2.38 2.32 2.20 1.98 2.01 $1. .59 1.70 1.54 1.69 1.60 L54 L.59 1.47 1.41 1.14 1.17 .96 L18 .89 .71 .91 1.21 1.47 1.38 1.56 1. 62 1.70 1.88 1.82 1.27 2.14 2.19 1.94 1.73 LOO .92 .87 .96 1.00 1.16 1.37 1.05 2.31 2.04 1.87 1.39 L74 2.07 2.22 2.25 1.79 1.94 .?1. 25 1 31 Vermont 1.26 1.41 1.28 Connecticut 1.34 1.27 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland 1.30 1.09 .92 .89 Virginia L25 1 1.12 1.31 1 1.21 1.13 1.01 1 03 1 -94 .68 .82 North Carolina South Carolina .58 .52 Georgia 1.10 L12 1.81 1.80 1.93 1.94 1.90 2.43 2.25 1.57 2.70 2.37 2.19 2.14 1.30 1.18 1.00 .93 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.24 2.21 1.94 1.75 1.37 l.SS 1.9G 2.05 2.31 2.41 2.09 1.97 .90 1.00 1.67 1. 66 1.84 1.75 1.79 2.23 2.08 1.50 2.58 2.38 2.22 2.17 1.31 Lll .89 .89 .92 1.20 1.61 1.11 2.23 1.99 1.80 1.28 1.73 2.00 2.04 2.17 2.34 2.06 2.01 .60 Florida .87 1.07 1.01 1.14 1.19 1.24 1.26 Io\va... 1.29 .89 3.17 2.11 1.46 South Dakota Nebraska. 2.82 2. .59 2.43 1. 50 L34 1.12 1.13 1. 16 L44 1.81 L37 2 58 1.92 1.46 1.44 1.34 1.08 .86 .75 .95 1.11 1.18 1.04 2 04 1.42 1.20 1.10 Kentucky .76 Tennessee Alabama .64 .62 Mississippi •. Louisiana Texas .64 .80 .90 Oklahoma 93 .73 1 76 Wyoming Colorado 2. 33 2 26 1.93 1 l,Q 1.56 1.39 New Mexico 1.62 L33 2.13 ; L91 2.38 ! L48 2.40 i 2.11 2.72 \ 1.75 2. 58 1. 87 2. 29 1. 79 2. 31 2. 08 1 1.11 Arizona Utah 1.37 1.28 Nevada 1. 60 Idaho Washington 1..J4 1.51 Oregon . 1.29 L47 United States 1.57 1.43 1.07 1.94 1.71 1.30 1.16 1.03 .72 : LSO 1.29 .92 North Atlantic South Atlantic 1.07 1.16 2.00 1.21 2.02 1. 62 1.03 1.87 1.10 2.02 1.36 ! .83 i 1.2S 1 .84 1.48 2.12 1.45 2.42 1. 51 2. 53 1.98 1.25 2.21 1.34 2.51 1.68 l.GO 1. 55 1.01 l.SG 1.30 .85 1.42 .93 1.52 1.16 .73 1.32 .82 1.48 .95 ; .50 ; .89 S .57 L02 1 1.71 1.C9 L83 1.18 2.07 1.53 .93 1.G2 1.02 1.97 1.24 .64 1.13 South Central .72 V/estern 1.39 18 FAEMEES BULLETIN 584. Table 9. — Percentages of increase (or decrease ichere indicated) in wages of male farm labor in periods indicated. Slate and division. Month, with board. Month, with- out board. Day, har- vest, with board. Day, har- vest, without boai-d. Day, not harvest, vvith board. Day, not harvest, without board. 1909 to 191.S 1899 to 1913 1893 to 1913 1909 to 1913 1899 to 1913 1893 to 1913 1909 to 1913 1893 to 1913 1909 to 1913 1893 to 1913 1909 to 1913 1893 to 1913 1909 to 1913 1893 to 1913 Maine 12 1 14 2 13 3 3 5 ,s 4 13 12 8 6 4 3 2 2 2 9 o 14 1 1 12 15 2 G 9 14 4 14 4 12 18 13 11 iC 12 19 16 16 3 42 34 40 39 36 30 46 40 44 44 50 54 56 86 83 78 58 49 44 42 47 46 45 59 48 42 47 43 38 42 53 67 47 36 48 38 61 16 17 25 34 24 50 25 28 32 35 37 40 30 44 38 31 31 35 44 45 41 47 64 65 84 69 59 53 47 42 40 42 51 54 58 48 39 4S 50 48 45 56 58 39 22 41 35 47 16 14 24 32 34 56 30 32 38 41 33 14 2 1 1 19 6 8 11 9 11 U 9 14 14 10 12 8 6 6 8 5 11 6 18 6 1 1.3 10 9 11 6 9 1 8 1 12 13 5 19 3 13 1 7 36 37 35 34 29 30 46 40 41 40 48 59 54 80 78 78 53 45 38 37 45 44 39 48 44 29 41 40 34 44 57 62 49 39 53 35 62 26 16 29 43 27 48 25 27 32 42 38 36 34 45 35 29 22 36 43 40 33 45 63 60 78 63 61 46 46 38 34 39 48 47 48 43 28 47 46 40 44 59 56 45 30 45 36 45 20 14 26 31 25 53 30 32 37 46 32 5 11 11 1 2 8 2 4 8 1 11 12 8 12 10 22 6 8 8 5 11 6 9 8 5 5 11 11 4 6 12 4 9 8 11 12 11 12 13 7 9 1 2 6 3 2 12 42 32 7 23 43 15 24 13 29 25 13 32 34 41 49 45 49 50 40 45 46 50 56 (i9 43 56 51 94 86 22 27 41 50 27 40 70 48 37 24 42 36 22 61 31 49 61 47 17 5 1 14 2 3 5 11 8 7 8 7 11 13 17 22 23 14 10 12 10 11 8 9 8 8 6 5 4 2 8 10 12 3 10 13 10 12 12 9 7 8 15 2 12 14 7 13.5 45 31 8 22 34 11 32 14 30 26 16 29 44 47 59 53 43 55 44 46 46 51 51 60 47 59 54 84 72 25 36 46 55 35 47 70 47 42 32 34 31 21 60 30 58 55 45 19 6 6 8 34 12 10 12 13 12 11 1 16 17 19 22 16 14 13 11 4 12 I 'I 11 1? 16 ■ 6 10 22 13 8 16 12 11 5 3 16 7 8 9 16 1 1 4 1 35 36 25 29 37 26 42 26 44 32 42 76 68 80 66 67 38 56 54 53 52 52 64 70 59 64 52 69 59 48 59 63 64 37 50 55 64 36 35 36 33 43 65 45 51 55 54 37 9 5 7 11 8 14 14 14 12 4 4 16 15 19 28 14 7 16 15 11 12 14 14 17 9 17 1 6 1 13 12 20 12 10 16 12 9 9 4 10 15 4 4 12 11 4 16.3 39 New Hami)shire.. . 37 31 33 Rhode Island 34 31 New York 43 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware 28 45 29 Marvland 37 Virginia . . fi3 66 83 South Carolina Georjria 73 Florida 49 Ohio 60 Indiana 57 Illinois 52 Michisian 53 Wisconsin 56 Minnesota 70 Iowa 65 Missouri 56 North Dakota 71 56 Nebraska 72 Kansas 59 Kentucky 49 Tennessee 61 Alabama 68 Mississippi 69 Louisiana 38 Texas 49 Oklahoma 58 Arkansas 62 Montana 43 AVyoming 42 Colorado 40 New Mexico 38 Arizona 46 Utah... . 68 Nevada 49 Idaho 51 Washington 46 Oregon 54 California 37 United States 6.8 53.8 54.4 10.5 51.8 51.8 9.8 46.7 49.2 12.6 61.1 63.0 North Atlantic South Atlantic 0.8 10.1 3.6 5.0 12.7 41.3 71.5 47.2 .52.2 33.1 37.1 69.5 49.0 51.7 36.9 4.8 12.4 7.1 9.2 2.0 3S.7 69.4 42.3 54.2 35.2 .35.2 66. 7 44.4 54.4 36.4 3.1 12.6 7.0 10.0 22.8 39.8 56.2 44 36.5 7.1 16.0 9.5 12.7 0.8 26.2 45.0 56.1 49.5 36.0 12.0 16.4 7.6 13.4 2.7 .36.8 70.0 59.6 63.2 49.0 11.8 17.2 13.0 15.7 5.1 37.9 70.3 North Central 61.9 Western 03. 9 48.9 1 Decrease, per cent. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 19 Table 10. — A verage length of time required of hired labor. [Estimates based upon reports of crop correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics ( A.uricultural Forecasts).} St;vie and division. Maine New Hampsliire . . . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey I'ennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia Norvh Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kan.sas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado Ne'w Mexico jVrizona Vtah Nevada Idaho Wasiiington Oregon California United States.... Divisions: N. Atlantic S. Atlantic N. Cent. Eastern. N. Cent. V/estern S. Central Far West Spring. Fall. Winter. Average, four seasons. Relative rank of States. 20 FARMERS BULLETIN 584. Table 11. — Prices of agricultural products, Mar. 1, 1914 and 1913. [Prices of wheat, corn, oats, and barley are given on pages 12 to 15. Butter, chickens, cotton, rents per pound; eggs, cents per dozen; hay, dollars per ton; others, cents per bushel.] State. Eye. Buck- wheat. Pota- toes. Hay. Fla.x. Cotton. Butter. Eg gs. Chick- ens. 1 19141913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 CIS. 26 26 25 31 32 29 25 29 23 20 21 18 2( 17 20 19 24 20 18 19 22 20 19 17 17 22 18 17 16 16 16 17 18 19 17 17 17 33 31 23 26 32 23 37 28 25 23 20 1914 1913 Me Cts \Cts 1 100 Cts. 63 Cts. 80 71 94 70 Cts. 52 76 89 90 84 78 88 81 100 70 82 98 85 130 117 116 S3 84 87 53 55 55 93 97 61 69 84 98 104 109 124 115 115 111 113 110 69 75 60 115 152 66 72 52 60 SO 90 Cts. 45 72 68 71 74 84 63 71 62 78 58 75 68 SO 145 100 122 58 54 62 38 32 28 50 71 30 43 52 76 67 82 110 113 104 123 99 107 45 62 43 86 105 43 53 2? 31 35 54 DoJs.Dols. 13.30 14.30 Cts. Cts. Cts. CIS. Cts. 32 33 33 36 35 34 32 34 32 34 29 27 28 24 25 25 34 24 26 29 27 25 25 24 22 23 21 22 28 22 22 25 35 33 29 34 38 30 35 30 33 33 29 Cts. 31 34 34 3b 35 36 33 37 33 28 28 25 26 24 26 32 28 25 28 32 30 2S 23 25 25 23 24 21 20 22 23 28 23 22 24 35 31 30 33 41 29 40 32 34 32 35 Cts. 31 32 31 35 3S 36 32 33 2s 2S 25 24 26 21 22 2.5 25 23 25 2S 26 25 22 23 26 22 22 21 22 20 20 19 21 18 20 20 33 30 25 32 27 32 27 26 25 25 Cts. 15.5 15. S 13.9 16.5 17.0 17.6 15.1 17.3 14.0 14.5 15.3 14.5 1.3.1 11.9 12.6 12.9 15.7 13.2 11.9 11.5 12.5 11.4 10.4 10.7 11.5 10.6 9.0 9.9 10.6 11.6 11.8 12.4 12.3 14.7 9.7 10.4 11.0 12.6 12.0 13.0 13.0 19.5 12.3 22.5 10.1 14.5 13.5 14.9 Clsl 14.2 14 N.H 93 73 17.00ll6.00 13. sol 12. 70 Vt 87 85 13 4 Mass 96| So 19.20 20.00 20.90 15.40 18.20 14.10 15. 60 15.10 15.50 16.40 17. 70 18. 30 18.70 18. 30 12. 30 13.00 14.00 12.30 10.00 6.80 9.50 14.40 6.00 6.40 8.40 12.40 16.90 17. 80 15.90 13.50 13.60 11.80 11.60 14.90 9.70 11.00 11.50 14.50 15. 50 10.00 10.70 8.20 11.00 9.20 11.50 20.70 22. 70 21.60 13. 60 15. 90 14.80 14.50 12.80 14.50 14.20 16. 30 IS. 90 17.10 17.30 11.40 10. SO 12.30 11.00 11.00 5.90 8.70 9.90 5.30 6. 30 8.00 7.80 13.80 15.10 14.20 13.70 12.70 11.50 7.70 12. 90 8.40 7.10 8.30 9.40 11.00 8.30 9.50 7.40 10.60 8.30 14.80 15 5 R.I 16.3 14 8 Conn 95 7i 73 70 71 81 86 97 180 115 87 73 69 74 72 82 82 101 125 140 97 80 SO 70 75 75 84 SO 80 76 67 73 63 75 65 81 /3 86 N. Y 14 4 N.J 15 9 Pa 13 Del 13.0 Md 14 Va 13.2 12.0 1'' 6 W. Va 12.2 N.C s.c 12.5 12.7 1' 6 12.0 12.0 11 R 10.4 11 1 Ga 12 6 Fla 17 oll'^ .'i 14 4 Ohio 67 62 61 61 54 48 62 70 45 55 56 69 100 97 140 66 64 70 59 50 50 64 81 47 54 53 69 87 91 148 87 80 6S 74 61 S5 73 ioo 62 64 60 75 92 11 7 Ind 11 Ill 11 Mich Wis ""i49 136 120 1.35 131 ■■■i2i "130 118 110 125 125 110 121 122 11.3 11 Minn 9 6 Iowa 10.0 Mo 11.6 9.0 10.4 9 1 N. Dak S. Dak 8 9 Nebr 82 9.4 Ivans 9 2 Ky 10 'i Tenn Ala 75 70 12.3 12.5 12.0 11.6 11.1 11.0 11.0 11.5 12.0 n.l 11.6 11.4 12.1 10.3 11 7 Miss 11 5 La 12 5 Tex 102 85 91 67 63 52 9 '\ Okia 80 84 70 55 55 9 1 Ark 9 5 Mont 127 115 13.4 Wvo P 5 Colo 13 1 N. Mex 13 9 Ariz '» Utah 06 19 7 Nev 19.5 Idaho 75 58 70 11 n Wash 50 90 95 1'> 5 Ores; 12.2 Cal 12.0 13 6 U.S 1 61.9 03. 2 75.1 j7. 70.7 52.0 12.37 11.34 132.5 119.0 12.6 11.8 26.0 27.5 24. 2 19.4 12.1 n.i THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 21 Table 12. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Hogs per 100 lbs. Beef cattle per 100 lbs. , Veal calves per 100 lbs . Sheep per 100 lbs. Lambs per 100 lbs. Milch cows per head . Horses per head . Wool, unwashed per lb. Honey, comb per lb. Apples per bush. Peanuts per lb . Beans, dry per bush. Soy beans per bush . Sweet potatoes per bush. Turnips per bush. Cabbages per 100 lbs. Onions per bush. Clover seed per bush. Timothy seed per bush. Alfalfa seed per bush . Broom corn per ton. , Pop corn per bush. Cotton seed per ton. Prices paid by farmers: Bran per ton. . Clover seed per bush. Timothy seed, .per bush. . Alfalfa seed per bush. . February 15 — 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 26.91 9.59 2.92 8.19 25.32 11.62 2.47 9.60 79 61 07 01 15 40 00 .163 .140 .988 .047 .38 .935 16, 28.62 S7.04 4.57 6.38 4.34 5.44 44.48 144.00 .173 .133 1.19 .050 2.23 .816 1.48 1.04 8.37 4.51 80.00 25.' ei 25.27 197. 00 27.00 January 15- 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 26. 53 9.50 2.87 8.41 5.40 7.06 4.35 6.03 49. 51 140. 00 .186 .139 .743 .046 2.26 .837 .496 1.26 .816 9.41 1.79 7.66 49.00 1.47 21.98 25.24 11.39 2.51 8.25 $5.74 4.46 6.06 3.89 5.22 42.89 134.00 .162 .138 .927 .043 2.38 .869 1.89 1.17 10.89 6.99 100.00 'i6.'57' 27.39 S7. 76 4.71 6.41 5.63 5.82 41.18 140.00 .245 .135 1.06 .049 2.23 .748 L87 .944 8.26 00 35' 24.92 190.00 26.20 Table 13. — Aggregate value per acre of crop production. [The tabulation below gives the average value per acre of 12 leading crops (corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, hay, flaxseed, cotton, rice, and tobacco) which represent more than 90 per cent of the total area of all crops, and which closely approximate the value per acre of all cro])S. For compari- son the value of all crops wliich had acreage reports in the census 01 1909 are also given.] Value per acre of 12 crops combined. Census, all crops. State and division. 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 with acreage reports, 1909. Maine 23.72 20.44 20.78 32.34 32.25 37.63 19.33 29.02 21.34 18.47 18. 85 23.69 21.67 24.84 25.18 20.80 17.,S5 19.29 17.28 14.87 16.83 19.41 14.26 17.01 12.29 23.43 21.51 22.61 34. 38 30.62 43.01 20.04 28. 70 22.41 19.00 19.55 19. 58 21.57 22.35 21.35 16.42 14.41 17.75 14.97 15.37 16.42 17.63 11.80 14.30 13.98 26.24 21.77 20.47 31.59 32.81 40. 69 20.80 26.67 21.11 19.82 18.97 18.31 16.79 20.82 22.55 19.52 15. 70 19.45 16.69 15.99 19.89 20.64 13.16 14.13 13.24 23.35 21.41 18.39 29.94 29.04 37.77 19.51 26.59 20.60 18.17 19.52 19.18 18.51 21.46 24.59 19.47 15.58 16.89 14.88 14.30 16.39 15.10 12.96 12.22 13.84 20.91 19.53 17.61 30.89 29.01 35.16 18.39 26.31 18.16 17.00 18.66 17.63 16.71 18.62 22.48 19.32 15.06 19.07 17.29 17.56 16.85 16,54 13.72 14.40 14.16 19 80 New Hampshire . 19 29 Vermont 18 17 Massachusetts 41.33 Rhode Island 40.50 Connecticut 35 84 New York 20 80 New Jersey 33 19 Pennsylvania 18 90 Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina 19.36 20.54 20.31 17. 67 22 28 South Carolina Georgia 26.45 22 20 Florida 21 54 Ohio 18 83 Indiana 17 07 Illinois 17 88 Michigan 17 32 Wisconsin 15 77 Minnesota 12 61 Iowa 14 94 Missouri 14. 25 22 FARMEES' BULLETIN 584. Table 13. — Aggregate value per acre of crop j.roduction — Continued. Vr .lue per acre of 12 crops combined. Census, all crops. State and division. 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 with acreage reports, 1909. North Dakota 8.15 9.48 10. 85 7.00 1.912 18.01 20. 00 19.62 19.05 18.52 10.06 18.66 16.07 15.37 18.88 22.26 38.85 21.66 32.30 19.93 20.00 18.67 20.25 11.49 10.21 9.80 10.60 20.14 17.36 17.45 17.01 17.76 19.50 11.34 17.93 16. 24 17.74 17.41 19.45 38. 52 23.14 29. 93 19.04 18.78 18.66 21.84 9.13 6.29 10.59 8.94 18.81 17.40 17.32 15.39 15.80 13.97 7.93 16.68 20.41 21.11 17.02 28.78 39.62 22. 37 34.93 23.47 21.42 19.24 21.86 4.55 10.12 9.95 9.95 20.25 17.61 18.56 20.48 16.08 17. 87 14.02 19.40 18.78 2.5.88 19.96 22. 81 29.67 24. .58 37.12 21.86 19.65 21.88 18.82 12.36 12.05 12.36 11.25 20.68 15.81 15.89 17. .59 15. 60 15.50 11.80 16.61 20.45 16. 52 20.50 19.05 29.77 23.25 26.30 22.15 21.11 18.59 19.51 11.35 South Dakota 10.17 Nebraska. . 11.19 10. 6< Kentucky 20. > J Tennessee 17.(5 Alabama 18.^7 Mississippi 22. 59 Louisiana 20.36 Texas 15.62 Oklahoma 10.95 Arkansas. 20.34 Montana 15.4) Wyoming 12.4 5 Colorado 17.52 New Mexico . 12.76 25.97 Nevada. ... 23.15 14.73 Idaho 19. .• •> 20.fJ Oregon 18. .M 20.39 United States 16.31 15.96 15.51 15.52 16.02 16. 30 Divisions: North Atlantic 21.80 22.54 17.07 11.52 17. 45 19. 59 22.75 19.31 16.22 11.91 17.31 19.55 22.39 19. 80 17.95 11.08 14. .55 21.43 21.24 20.47 15.30 10.67 17.79 20.63 19.61 19.10 17.57 12.96 15.75 20.39 21.55 South Atlantic 22.23 North Central, East 17. .5"^. 12.2 I South Central 17. Oi Far West. 18.73 FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 14 shows the crop situation in Florida and California on March 1, 1914, with comparisons, based upon reports received from agents and correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics (Agriculture 1 Forecasts) : Table 14. Item. Orange trees (condition) Lemon trees (condition) Lime trees (condition) Grapefruit trees (condition) Pineapple plants (condition) Tomatoes (condition) Cabbages (condition) Ceiery (condition) Cauliflower (condition) White potatoes i (condition) Spring pasture (condition) Spring plowing (per cent done) . Spring planting (per cent done). Meadows (condition) Florida. 1914 1913 1912 94 92 100 98 82 72 71 California. 1914 1913 1912 85 1 The acreage planted to white potatoes is about 10 per cent larger than last year's acreage. o WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PEINTT.NG OFFICE : 1914 U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. April 23. !914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTwS. Page. Losses of live stock 1 Losses of hogs 1 How to use anti-hog-cholera serum 3 Losses of cattle, sheep, and horses 7 ^lonthly variation in numbers of farm animals 8 Winter wheat forecast 10 Florida and California crop report 10 Louisiana sugar crop of 1913 11 Trend of prices of farm prod nets 12 LOSSES OF LIVE STOCK. The Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Agriculture li-.is re- ceived estijiiates from its correspondents and agents concerning losses of live stock from diseases and from exposure during the past year, and their relative condition on April 1, from which the following summary is made: LOSSES OF HOGS. The losses of swine from disease are estimated at 119 to every 1,000 hogs in the country, which exceeds last year's heavy loss of 110 per 1,000, and the average yearly loss in the preceding 10 years of 54.9 per 1,000. Probably more than 90 per cent of the loss was from cholera. The percentage of loss applied to the estimated number of TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF MAY CROP REPORT. A summary of the May crop report of the Bureau of Statistics will be issued on Thurs- day, May 7, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time). The report will give an estimate of the acreage of winter wheat remaining on May 1 to be harvested; the condition on May 1 of winter wheat, rye, meadow mowing lands, and pastures; farm supplies of hay on May 1; the per cent done on May 1 of the total spring plowing contemplated, and the per cent of spring planting done on May 1, 1914, with comparisons. 39357°— 14 1 2 FARMEES' BULLETIISr 590. hogs on January 1 indicates a total loss of 7,005,000 head, which, at $10.40, the value per head on January 1, indicates a loss of S73,000,000. The aA^erage weight of a hog on the farm is about loO pounds, there- fore more than one billion pounds of hog meat were destroyed by dis- ease, mostly cholera. A billion pounds live weight produce nearly 800,000,000 pomids of dressed meat and lard. This amount would be sufTicient to furnish every family of the United States (average, 4^ persons) about 40 pounds. If there had been no such loss, prob- ably increasing scarcity of meat would have been largely prevented. THIRD EPIDEMIC OF HOG CHOLERA. The country is passing through the third serious epidemic of hog cholera of the past 30 years. The first period reached its climax in 1886 to 1887, when the loss amounted to about 134 per 1,000 head in one year. The second outbreak developed in 1894, and reached its climax in 1896 to 1897, when losses amounted to 144 per 1,000 head. The present extensive epidemic of hog cholera began to be serious m 1911; during the 10 prior years the loss of swine ranged from 45 to 58 per 1,000 per ye^ir; in 1911 it jumped to 89, then to 110 in 1912, and to 119 last year. It has thoroughly ravaged the heart of the hog- producing belt during the year just past. In the State of Iowa alone, losses amounted to nearly 1,800,000 swine, over a fourth of the entire number in the State. In many counties over half were lost, and in some townships over nine- tenths. LOSSES OF SWINE USUALLY HEAVIEST IN SOUTHERN STATES. The losses of swine from disease are usually heaviest in southern States and lightest in northern States. Estimates of losses have been kept for 30 years. The States showing the heaviest average yearly loss in these 30 years are, in their order, Ai-kansas, ,119 per 1,000; Louisiana, 110; Florida, 109; the States sliowmg the lightest losses are, Mame 19, Wyoming 19, New Hampshire 22. In Georgia the average is 94, in Alabama and Mississippi each 92; in Texas 66; whereas in New York the average is 26, in Michigan 34, in Minnesota 46, m North Dakota 31, and in Washington and Oregon 26. HOG CHOLERA LOSSES HEAVIEST IN NORTHERN STATES IN 1913. The epidemic has abated somewhat in the past year, as compared with the preceding year, in most southern States, but has increased greatly in the northern States. Thus, in Florida the loss has de- creased from 170 per 1,000 in 1912 to 150 in 1913; in Georgia from 165 to 90; in Alabama from 110 to 100; in Mississippi from 154 to 104; in Kentucky from 95 to 90; in Missouri from 175 to 90; whereas in Iowa the loss has increased from 160 per thousand in 1912 to 255 per thousand in 1913, in Minnesota from 55 to 214, in Nebraska from 110 to 175, in South' Dakota from 38 to 230, and in North Dakota from THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 6 20 to 75. The tendency of the three epidemics mentioned appears to have been, in a general way, to move as a wave from south and east to north and west. CONDITION OF SWINE, APRIL, 1914. The condition as to healtlifulness of hogs on April 1, 1914, was given as 91.6 per cent of normal, which compares with 91.4 per cent given a year ago and 94.4, the average of the past ten years. The number of breeding sows in the United States on April 1 is estimated to be about 101 per cent of the number held a year ago, and about the same number as were held two years ago. HOW TO USE ANTI-HOG=CHOLERA SERUM. At a recent conference of Federal and State officials in charge of hog-cholera work the methods of applying the serum in practice were considered. There are two methods. In one the serum alone is used, producing immunity lasting from 30 to 90 days ; in the other the virus of hog cholera and the serum are injected simultaneously — that is, virus at one point and serum at another. This latter is known as the ''simultaneous method" and wall produce active or lasting immunity. If the serum used in this simultaneous treat- ment is not good, or if the mode of apphcation is faulty, disease may be set up in the treated herd. For this reason it was the gen- eral consensus of opinion at the conference that the simultaneous method should be used only by those who have had special train- ing, and it was agreed that the ideal arrangement would be to allow its use only by Federal and State veterinary officers. The serum-alone treatment, on the other hand, may be given by anyone without danger of causing hog cholera. If the serum is good the farmer may give it to his hogs without fear, provided it is administered in the proper way. Wliile it would no doubt be best to have even the serum alone always administered by a skilled agent, farmers may obtain good results if proper care is used. The farmer should remember that the serum-alone treatment is very dif- ferent from the simultaneous treatment. The following advice re- garding the use of serum is offered for farmers who can not obtain the services of a skilled agent: USE OF RELIABLE SERUM IMPORTANT. All serum can not be depended upon and farmers are cautioned against putting implicit confidence in a serum merely because it is labeled "Anti-Hog-Cholera." The serum must be prepared right in order to protect hogs. Farmers shoul'd use every efi^ort to get a good reliable serum from the State college or from a rehable dealer. 4 FARMERS BULLETIN 590. Anti-hog-choleia serum is most effective when used as a preven- tive. It will also cure a large number of hogs in the early stages of the disease. It is of much less value, however, for hogs that are visibly sick. The farmer should make careful preparations before beginning the inoculation. Hogs that are sick should be separated from the well and marked so as to distinguish them. The pen or inclosure where the injections are made should be clean and free from dust. HOW TO ADMINISTER SERUM. The serum is administered by injecting it deep under the skin with a hypodermic syringe. Before beginning the injection of a herd, care must be taken to see that the syringes and needles are not only absolutely clean but that they have been previously boiled in water for 10 or 15 minutes. The purpose of the boiling is to kill the germs that may be on the instruments. Therefore, both needle and syringe should be kept clean and not allowed to become soiled during use, as by being laid on a dirty plank, dropped on the ground, or touched with dirty hands. It is a good idea to spread a clean towel on the plank or table where the work is being done. Before using, the serum should be poured into some receptacle with a cover (as a jelly glass mth a tin top), both the receptacle and cover having been sterilized by boiling in water before use. The glass should be allowed to cool before the serum is poured into it, and should be always covered except when serum is being taken from it. The serum is injected directly into the tissues on the inner side of the thigh or, better, into the loose tissues between the foreleg and the bod}^. The needle is inserted into the skin perpendicularly to a depth of from one-half to 1 inch, depending upon the size of the hog. Before the injection is made the sldn of the hog over the point selected for injection should be thoroughly cleansed by washing with soap and water, and the surface then scrubbed with some reliable disinfectant, such as compound solution of cresol (U. S. P.). Tliis disinfectant can be procured at drug stores, and should be diluted before use by adding 1 part of it to 30 parts of soft water. CARE AS TO THE DOSE. Care should be used in estimating the weight of hogs, because the amount of serum required depends upon the size of the hog injected. The usual dose is commonly given on the package in which the serum comes. Be careful not to underestimate. Overestimate rather than underestimate, and thereby be sure of giving an ample dose of serum. After the injections are made, the hogs should be turned into a clean yard, free from mudholes and excessive dust. The hogs should be kept in this inclosure for several dsijs at least after the injection, to THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 5 enable the puncture wounds to heal thoroughh\ Tliey should be given soft, easily digested food. Every farmer should keep an accurate record of the injections he makes, so that he will know what success has attended the treatmejit. He should make a record of the number of hogs that died from hog cholera before treatment, the number sick and the number apparently well at the time of treatment, and he should later keep a record of the number of sick and well ones that died following treatment. Keep- ing these records may enable him to determine whether or not the serum he used was good, and it may also show whether or not the work was properly done. If any hogs develop abscesses at the point of injection, a note should be made of the fact, keeping account of the number. Abscesses indicate that the serum was not right or that the Avork was not properly done. SANITARY PRINCIPLES MUST BE OBSERVED. The proverb that ''An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure " is especially aj)plicable to hog cholera, and cooperation among faimers in combating the disease is very important. Wlieii hog cholera breaks out on a farm the farmei-s in the neighborhood should join in a strong effort to confine the disease to the one farm where it already exists, by instituting a strict quarantine, and also, when possible, by the administration of the protective serum to the droves on adjoining farms. It is a mistake to neglect timely sanitary precautions and to rely wholly on the use of serum. The serum is useful not so much for curing hogs sick with the disease as for pre- venting other hogs from taking it. Every farmer should make absolutely certain that no dirt or implement is brought from an infected hog lot into another hog lot. Hog cholera can be carried in dirt on shoes, on wagon wheels, or on the feet of dogs. It has been proved that a pen of hogs infected with hog cholera can be kept within 10 feet of a well herd without communicating the disease, provided no dirt or implement or other object is moved from the former to the latter pen. If, however, the pen with the uninfected hogs should be cleaned vdih a hoe or shovel that has been used in the infected pen, the weU herd would be almost certain to get the disease. Dogs, crows, and buzzards can transport particles of flesh from dead hogs and thus carry the disease. The following precautions are recommended for keeping the contagion from an uninfected drove: (1) Do not locate hog lots near a pubhc highway, a railroad, or a stream. The germ of hog cholera may be carried along any one of these avenues. (2) Do not allow strangers or neighbors to enter your hog lots, and do not go into your neighbors' lots. If it is absolutely necessary 6' FARMERS BULLETIN 590. to pass from one hog lot into another, first clean your shoes carefully and then wash them with a 3 per cent solution of the compound solution of cresol (U. S. P.). (3) Do not put new stock, either hogs or cattle, in lots with a herd already on the farm. Newly purchased hogs should be put in separate inclosures well separated from the herd on the farm and kept under observation for three weeks, because practically all stock cars, unloading chutes, and pens are infected with hog cholera, and hogs shipped by rail -are therefore apt to contract hog cholera. Freight cars and other conveyances which have carried infected stock should be properly disinfected after unloading. (4) Hogs sent to fairs should be quarantined for at least three weeks after they return to the farm. (5) If hog cholera breaks out on a farm, separate the sick from the apparently healthy animals, and burn all carcasses of dead animals on the day of death. Do not leave them unburned, for this wiil endanger all other farmers in the neighborhood. The prevailing practice of rushing sick herds to market should be discouraged. Treatment with the serum should be tried instead. (6) If, after the observance- of all possible precautions, hog cholera appears on your farm, notify the State veterinarian or State agri- cultural college and secure serum for the treatment of those not affected. The early application of this serum is essential. The United States Department of Agriculture does not distribute serum direct to farmers. Some of these precautions may seem unnecessary and troublesome, but they do not cost much, and they are very valuable preventive measures. At this time it is impracticable to treat every hog in the United States with the antihog-cholera serum. In many States the authori- ties can not supply enough serum to treat the infected and exposed herds, to say nothing of making immune all herds that are not affected. When an outbreak is located, the most effective plan is to treat immediately all the well hogs in the infected herd, as well as the hogs in herds located immediately adjoining the seat of the outbreak, so as to prevent the wider spread of the disease. At the same time, neighboring farmers should keep away from the infected farm, and the owner of the diseased hogs should be careful not to go into other farmers' lots. When the cholera has abated, the yards in which the sick hogs were kept should be thorouglily cleaned and disinfected. Where serum is not available, the simple precautions above given will, in many cases, prevent the spread of the contagion. These pre- cautionary measures should be used even w^here serum can be ob- tained, because it is far better to keep hog cholera out of the drove than to rely on the use of the serum after the disease has appeared. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 Hog cholera, in the epidemic of 1913, caused an estimated loss for the year of about $65,000,000. No other animal disease produces such a loss. It is estimated that in 1913 there were 107 hogs lost per 1,000 from cholera, and indications point to a further increase in this dis- ease unless preventive measures are used. Such 'enormous loss of a valuable food animal is nothing short of a calamity. To combat tliis there must be honest and earnest cooperation between all the interests involved, including the scientists and vet- erinarians, farmers, common carriers, and packing interests. State and Federal authorities must work in absolute harmony, and all concerned must endeavor to suppress personal opinions on relatively unimportant matters and aid in the adoption of uniform methods throughout the entire country. The control and final eradication of hog cholera will depend largely on the education of farmers to the importance of observing sanitary principles. LOSSES OF CATTLE. Losses of cattle from disease during the past year are estimated to be 19.8 per thousand head, which compares with 20.5 similarly esti- mated last year and 20.5, the 10-year average of such losses. Losses from exposure are estimated to be 10.9 per thousand, which com- pares with 14.1 similarly estimated last year and 16.5, the 10-year average of such losses. The total losses per thousand, from both disease and exposure, if applied to the estimated number and value of cattle on January 1, would indicate a loss of about 1,737,000, at $39.50 per head, a total of $68,611,000. The condition as to healthfulness of cattle on April 1, 1914, was given as 96.5 per cent of normal, which compares wdth 96 similarly estimated a year ago and 94, the average for 10 years. LOSSES AND CONDITION OF SHEEP. Losses of sheep from disease during the past year are estimated to be about 21.7 per thousand, which compares with 24.6 similarly esti- mated a year ago and 25.2, the 10-year average of such losses. Losses from exposure are estimated to be 21 per thousand, which compares with 25.1 similarly estimated a year ago and 32.8, the 10-year average. The year is thus seen to have been favorable. The total losses per thousand from both disease and exposure, if applied to the approxi- mate numbers and values on January 1, would indicate a loss of about 2,124,000 head, at $4.04, a total of $8,581,000. The condition as to healthfulness of sheep on April 1, 1914, was given as 96.6 per cent of noniial, which compares with 96 similarly estimated a jcar ago and 94.8, the 10-year average. 8 FARMERS BULLETIN 590. LOSSES OF MEAT ANEMALS. It may be obsorv(Hl from the figures given above that the losses of cattle and sheep, both from disease and from exposure, were less than normal. However, the total losses of meat annuals, cattle, hogs, and sh^ep combined, from disease and exposure, are enormous. On the basis of farm values January 1 the losses from disease of cattle, hogs, and sheep aggregated in value about $122,000,000, and losses from exposure of cattle and sheep about $28,000,000 — a total loss in meat animals from disease and exposure in one year of about $150,000,000 — an amount which would have been more than sufficient to furnish a normal year's supply of meat to the entire populati(ui of the New England States. LOSSES AND CONDITION OF HORSES. The losses of farm horses and mules from disease during the past year are estimated to be about 20.6 per thousand, which compares with 22.6 similarly estunated a year ago. If the estmiated loss of 20.6 per thousand be applied to the numbers and values of horses and mules on farms January 1, it would indicate a total loss of approximately 523,000 head, at $113 per head, or a total of $59,100,000. The condition as to healthfuhiess of horses and mules on April 1, 1914, is estimated as 96.4 per cent of normal, which compares with 96.7 similarl}^ estimated a year ago and about 96, the 10-year average. Detailed estimates by States of losses and condition of live stock are given on pages 14-17. MONTHLY VARIATION IN NUMBERS OF FARM ANIMALS. The number of animals on the farms of the country is by no means uniform tlii'oughout the year, but varies from month to month. The bulk of the animals are born in the spring months; but their sale or slaughter is more general in the fall and winter months. Therefore there is a normal seasonal variation in the total stocks on hand, just as there is of crops which are gathered in the fall (when supphes are large) and marketed through the year. The extent of this variation has recently been investigated in the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) . This seasonal variation in numbers is greatest among swine. The number of swine in the country is usually smallest in the latter part of February or early March. During ]\Iarch, April, May, and June more hogs are born than are slaughtered, and consequently the number steadily increases, the increase from March 1 to July 1 being about 45 per cent. During July and August more hogs are slaugh- tered than are born, and consequently there is a slight decline in numbers. Autumn litters cause an increase in numbers in Sep- THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, - 9 tember and October. The maximum number of the 3'ear is reached about October 1, when there are about 47 per cent more hogs in the country than on March 1. In consequence of the seasonal variation in the supply of live stock the results of a census of live stock would be affected considerably by the particular time of year when the enumeration is made. The census of 1910 related to numbers on April 15; the census of 1900 related to nvimbers on June 1. There are normally about 18 per cent more hogs in the country on June 1 than on April 15. If an enumer- ation wei'o taken in the autumn, the numbers as compared with April 1 5 would appear to be about 21 per cent more. The seasonal variation in the supply of sheep is almost as great as of swine. The low ebb of supplies is about February 1 ; spring lamb- 3 !i^ ^70 !i. es ^_^ V / ^ y \ / r \ \ A-' — •* ^^■»^ 'x^ S'-f^: •''■£ "-.. \ \ BM — \J 4'\ / 'n ^^>^ ^H, '* "**'*» — ^^ >» I Nl I diagram showing the approximate number of cattle, hogs, and sheep on farms of the United States on the first of each month, expressed in millions of head. ing, beginning in February, causes a steady increase in numbers during February, March, April, and May. About June 1 the number is at the maximum of the year; the lambing period is over, and the slaughter of spring lambs as well as of sheep results in a steady decline each month until the following February. The maximum number, about June 1, is nearly 41 per cent greater than the minimum on February 1. The numbers on June 1 arc estimated to be nearly 20 per cent more than on April 15. There is less variation among cattle than among swine and sheep. The minimum number is about February 1 ; from then the increase is constant until about July 1, and then the decrease is constant until the following February. The maxunum number (July 1) is about 14 per cent more than the minimum (Feb, 1). The number on June 1 is estimated to be about 5 per cent more than on April 15, 39357°— 14 2 10 FARMERS BULLETIN 590. WINTER- WHEAT FORECAST. The condition of winter wheat on April 1 — viz, 95.6 per cent of jior- mal — is 11.6 per cent higher than the average of the past 10 years. The yield per acre in the same 10 years averaged 15 bushels; an in- crease of 11.5 per cent to this average would be 16.7 bushels. The acreage planted last fall was estimated at 36^506,000 acres. Sixteen and seven-tenths bushels applied to this acreage gives 609,- 650,000. But there is always some of the planted area abandoned before harvest; the average of such abandonment in the past 10 years has been about 9.7 per cent of the area planted. If this aver- age of abandonment be deducted from the estimated planted area and 16.7 be applied to the remaining amount, a production of about 551,000,000 would be indicated. The wheat plant wintered unusually well and it is not to be ex- pected that the 10-year average of abandonment has occurred this year. On the other hand, a crop that is in very high condition on April 1, as is the case this year, is more susceptible to depreciation later in the season than a crop having a lower condition on April 1. The final estimate of production of winter wheat in 1913 was 523,561,000 bushels (the largest ever recorded), and in 1912 was 399,919,000 bushels. Details by States of condition on April 1 of winter wheat and rye are given on page 14. FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROPS. The condition on April 1, with comparisons, of the principal crops ^n Florida and California, on the basis of 100 representing a normal, is shown in Table 1 . Table 1. — Florida and California crop reports. Florida. California. Item. Apr. 1. Mar. 1, 1914. Apr. 1. Mar. 1, 1914 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 1914. 0rana;e trees 102 95 103 92 95 100 90 95 95 88 95 87 90 91 94 97' 96 90 98 94 90 Lemou trees 85 Lime trees 100 101 80 85 82 90 87 82 80 92 100 97 92 88 79 90 95 92 87 95 Grapefruit trees j Pineapples Peaches 1 Pears Strawberries Pasture 87 88 85 88 1 Cabbages Tomatoes 1 White potatoes ■ 1 Celery 196 94 1 92 i 1 96 94 OS 94 Cauliflower 94 1 Production compared with a full crop. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 11 LOUISIANA SUGAR CROP OF 1913. The sugar made iii Louisiana from the crop of cane harvested in 1913, according to an enumeration just completed by the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), amounted to 292,698 short tons of 2,000 pounds each. The average yield of sugar was 139 pounds per ton of cane crushed, or about 3 pomids less than iii 1912. The total sugar made was somewhat less than double the amount in 1912, but about 60,000 tons less than in 1911. The low production in 1913 was due largely to shortage in the yield of cane, which became appar- ent towards the middle or end of the harvest season. About the middle of November, 1913, indications pointed to a total of over 5,000,000 tons of cane being ground for sugar. This amount proved to be too higli, the actual amount crushed for sugar being about 4,214,000 tons. The average yield of cane per acre m 1913 was about 17 tons. The average in 1911 was 19 tons, and in 1912, owing to floods, the average reached the abnormally low figure of 11 tons per acre. The length of the 1913 campaign was, on an average, 45 workmg days, or 50 per cent longer than in 1912. A few factories, however, extended their operations considerably longer; a number of them worked for m.ore than 60 daj's each. The number of factories which made sugar in 1913 was 153. At the beginning of the campaign 10 more were reported to l)e engaged in sugar making, but of this number several made sirup only, and others were not m operation. Details concerning the production of sugar and the quantity of cane used are given in Table 2, which shows results for pruicipal parishes. Table 2. — Cane-sugar production of Louisiana, 1911, 1912, and 1913. Factories in operation. 1911 1912 1913 Sugar made. Quantity. 1911 1912 1913 Average per short ton of eane. 1911 1912 1913 Cane used for sugar. Ascension Assumption Iberia Iberville Lafourche St. James St. John St. Martin St. Mary Terrebonne West Baton Rouge.. Lafayette and Ver- milion Otheri Total, Louisi- ana No. 23 13 18 16 20 S 4 26 14 10 5 24 No. 7 16 9 11 9 10 5 3 15 14 10 6 11 No. 4 17 10 14 13 17 8 3 22 13 10 Short tons. 14, 496 35, 950 29, 949 23, 759 42,001 20, 760 14, 935 13,719 57, 602 27, 462 17,235 23,480 31,526 Short tons. 8,342 14,457 10, 999 7,942 11, 728 9,368 11,289 5,382 25, 597 14, 463 9,328 14,547 10,131 Short tons. 10, 808 28, 664 15, 925 19, 187 35, 021 19, 970 13, 596 8,114 54, 689 24, 631 15,305 23, 104 23, 684 Lb.i. 124 107 129 99 119 115 108 139 133 124 110 140 119 2,6.5. 134 119 156 112 122 97 140 173 176 150 147 177 158 Lbs. 133 124 156 122 131 122 115 157 165 140 136 168 134 Short tons. 234,719 673, 263 464, 491 481,545 707, 764 361,53 275, 536 197,614 866, 744 442,218 314, 472 336, 427 530, 962 Short tons. 124, 934 243, 864 140, 932 141, 581 191,714 192, 537 161, 790 62, 165 291,387 191,984 127, 196 164, 580 127, 910 Short tons. 163,000 462,000 204,000 315,000 535, 000 327, 000 236, 000 103, 000 663,000 352, 000 225,000 276,000 353, 000 153 352,874 153,573 I I 120 5,887,292!2,162,574 4,214,000 1 Avoyelles, Rapides, St. Landry, East Baton Rouge, Pointe Coupee, West Feliciana, Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, and St. Charles. 12 FARMERS BULLETIN 590. The average results per acre and per factory are shown m Table 3. It will be seen that the average amount of sugar made per acre of cane was higher in 1913 than in either of the two preceding years. This sugar represents mostly raw sugar, averaging roughly 96 de- grees polarization, of which grade 100 pounds are regarded as equiva- lent to about 90 pounds of refined sugar. The approximate average yield of refined sugar per acre of cane crushed would be equivalent to about 2,000 pounds in 1911 and 1913 and 1,300 pounds in 1912. The average yield of refined beet sugar in the United States m 1911 and 1912 was 2,400 pounds per acre of beets, or about 400 pounds more sugar per acre than cane sugar in Louisiana in 1911 and 1913. The average sugar made per factory in Louisiana was larger in 1913 than in either of the two preceding years, while the cane crushed for sugar averaged less per factory in 1913 than in 1911. Louisiana cane-sugar factories in 1911 and 1913 produced each an average of about 1,900 short tons of raw sugar, wliich is equivalent to about 1,700 tons of refined. The average output per factory in the beet- sugar industry m the United States was 9,100 tons of refined sugar in 1911 and 9,500 in 1912. Complete official returns of the Texas sugar output have not been secured for 1913, but the total production is probably less than 9,000 short tons, and possibly as low as 5,000. Some of the Texas sugar factories are located in the region extend- ing from Houston on the east to Victoria on the west, and reachmg southward to the Gulf; most of the other factories are in the lower part of the Rio Grande Valley. Table 3.- -Avcrage results per acre and per factory, and average length of campaign in the sugar industry of Louisiana, 1911-1913. Number of fac- tories. Average yield of cane per acre.i Average sugar made per acre of cane.i Average per factory. Average length of cam- paign. \ ears. Sugar made. Cane used for sugar. 1911 188 126 153 Short tons. 19 11 17 Pounds. 2,200 1,500 2,300 Short tons. 1,877 1,219 1,913 Short tons. 31,315 17,103 27,542 Days. 1912 30 45 1913 1 Includes only cane used for making sugar. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops increased about 0.3 per cent during March; in the past six years the price level has increased during March 1.8 per cent; thus, the increase this year is less than usual. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 On April 1 the index figure of crop jmces was about 18.1 per cent higher than a year ago, but 12.5 per cent lower than two years ago and 3.2 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on April 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals increased 1.3 per cent dm-ing the month from February 15 to March 15, which compares with an increase of 5.7 per cent in the same period a j^ear ago, an increase of 2.7 per cent two years ago, a decrease of 1.7 per cent three years ago, and an increase of 10.1 per cent four years ago. It thus appears that the advance in prices in meat animals in the past month this jear has been less than usual; from January 15 to February 15, however, the advance was somewhat greater than usual. On March 15 the average (weighted) prices of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens— was $7.37 per 100 pounds, which is 4.1 per cent higher than the prevailing price a year ago, 29.5 per cent higher than two years ago, 21.1 per cent higher than three years ago, and 0.3 per cent lower than four years ago on March 15. A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 19-20. 14 farmers' bulletin 590. Table 4. — Winter ivhe-at and rye — Condition on Apr. 1, 1914, loiih companions. Winter wheat. R re. Condition. Condition. State and division. Apr. 1. Dec. 1, 1913. Apr. 1. 1914. 1913. 10-year aver- age. 1914. 1913. 10-year aver- age. Dec. 1, 1913. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. 98 96 94 94 91 94 Per ct. 93 94 96 91 96 95 Ptr ct. 94 92 96 90 92 90 Per ct. 92 98 98 95 91 93 91 97 96 88 90 88 98 95 97 97 96 97 93.3 95.4 88.1 97.1 93.6 • 94.1 90.0 96 9 91 93 95 94 92 89 91 98 96 97 91 95 89 «1 '. 90 89 89 86 91 88 88 95 95 95 95 95 95 92 90 91 95 93 92 89 92 96 97 94 91 92 90 92 91 91 89 88 90 88 90 96 Maryland 95 97 West Virginia qi 97 South. Carolina 97 Georgia 93 93.2 95.7 88.8 94.8 93.0 93.3 90.4 96.3 Ohio 96 97 98 92 85 91 91 93 83 86 80 81 84 84 90 99 98 99 95 94 96 96 97 91 87 92 92 94 86 88 84 87 90 87 92 97 97 Illinois 97 96 Wisconsin 96 North Central Ea.st 96.4 90.6 82.0 98.2 90.6 88 2 88.6 96 2 Minnesota 83 95 98 92 96 98 88 93 96 87 88 92 95 82 92 93 83 83 90 92 89 94 89 '"gi""' 90 86 93 90 93 89 85 97 99 North Dakota 91 South Dakota 87 93 96 80 S() 100 87 Nebraska 92 90 89 85 86 99 North Central West 95.6 91.1 85.9 96.3 89.6 84.7 88.0 91 9 Kentucky 96 97 93 95 92 97 95 92 93 94 89 88 94 90 85 88 89 87 81 82 87 98 96 U2 91 102 103 99 94 93 91 89 89 91 85 88 89 99 Tennessee ... 97 Alabama 95 Mississippi 81 97 93 86 93 87 79 85 87 101 Oklahoma 105 Arkansas 100 South Central 95.7 92.3 83.7 101.0 93.6 90.3 86.1 98 6 Montana 93 94 94 94 95 99 95 98 97 102 95 93 93 94 80 96 95 95 94 94 90 72 ■■■-■■■ 92 93 88 91 97 91 98 96 96 99 97 93 100 100 94 97 92 95 96 93 96 94 88 95 W yoming 98 Colorado 89 New Mexico Arizona ........ Utah 96 93 98 97 Nevada Idaho 97 100 98 100 94 96 94 85 98 94 97 92 96 Washington 97 Oregon 100 California 100 Far Western 97.0 90.4 92.3 95.3 96.3 92.7 94.2 97.8 United States 95.6 91.6 85.7 97.2 91.3 89.3 89.2 95.3 THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 Table 5. — Condition of horses and mules and of cattle Apr. 1 , and estimatrd losses during the year ending Mar. 31, 1914, with comparisons. State. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Comiecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States Horses and mules. Losses from disease. la 20 221 26 15l 20 14l 17 16 21 22.6 25 221 No, 2,200 900 1,400 1,600 200 900 14,200 1,500 13,800 900 3,200 8,200 3,400 7,400 6,100 11,200 2,500 21,300 24,400 46, 100 12,500 12,300 14,500 31 , 200 34,100 12,900 11,200 21,500 17,300 14,800 14, 800 10,700 14, 200 9,700 41,300 16, 600 11,200 5,600 2,400 5,700 24 4, 200 33i 3,000 221 2, 800 24 1,700 4,800 4,800 5,300 10, 300 522, 800 Condition Apr. 1. P.C. 98j P.c. 97 96 96 96 96 95 95 P.C. 96 98 97 96. 4 96. 7 Cattle. Losses from Losses from disease. exposure. 18 19 22; 23 17i 22 21: 23 20' 30 2o| 22 20' 25 19j 17 20 21 25, 26 30 33 28; 45 16; 16 19 18 151 3 1 18 18 19 IS 22 22 19 24 16 20 18 11 12 18 12 19 15 22 181 16; 20 22 12i 11 20.5il0.9 20 23 50 36 5 5 7 24 11 15 27 22 24 301 24 30 33| 26 35 23 14 21 10 14 17 18 ll! 15 17! 24 (.<•) Number. 4,700 3,400 9,500 6,100 Condition Apr. 1. P.c. 98 9' 3,600 58, 500 4,500 39,400 1, 400; 7,500' 24,600i 16, 900; 21,600, 16, 2001 49, 000 34,900 15,100 18,400 14,400 7,400 14,700 57, 700 53, lOOj 96 67, 300; 94 36, 2001 9^" 35,000| 97 73,700;" 97 31,0001 97 51,1001 98 .53, 700 98 85, 900 98 54, 400, 94 17, 800] 30, 600; 72,400 49,800 30, 900 28, 800 44, 200 47, 4001 39, 100 237, 000 P.c. P.c. 93 98 98 97 97 39, 500 96 34. 000 94 24.0001 98 20,000 100 49, 900 97 98 96 95 96 93 94 93 94 92 91 91 90 96 95 92 95 96 92 98 98 98 98 98 1,737,400196.5,96.0 97 95 98 96 97 961 94 98i 94 98! 96 97i 95 971 94 96 92 92 90 90 90 91 92 90 93 96 95 92 90 96 95 94.0 a Losses per 1,000 head. 16 FARMERS BULLETIN 590. Table 6. — ('oiuJltlon of sheep Apr. 1 and estimated losses of sheep and lambs during year ending Mar. SI, 1914, uith comparisons. Sheep. Lambs. State. Losses from ease. dis- I,osses from posure. ex- Losses Condition .^pr. 1. Losses from dis- ease and expo- • sure. 1914 1913 10- year aver- age. 1914 1913 10- year aver- age. ease and e.xposure. 1914 1913 10- yeai aver- age. 1914 1913 1912 (a) 25 20 20 17 25 10 24 15 30 30 21 35 35 24 21 25 25 29 32 28 26 16 20 25 24 19 17 16 15 33 28 35 37 25 20 12 22 16 15 21 25 25 18 2:5 18 15 13 17 («) 25 19 20 24 23 20 24 21 27 30 26 37 37 2<) 23 38 40 30 34 28 28 22 20 25 26 20 20 16 19 39 34 35 41 35 21 14 23 20 16 27 30 16 23 20 22 21 25 23 (") 2i; 24 22 19 16 23 24 23 26 26 26 35 32 24 26 34 35 28 32 26 29 22 21 24 28 20 22 22 16 36 32 34 41 33 25 23 26 23 25 24 24 20 30 21 19 19 26 (") ,s 6 3 2 2 5 8 4 12 10 10 20 21 19 15 20 15 11 12 12 .s 5 s s 12 15 10 20 9 19 20 44 35 30 16 8 15 15 32 50 55 35 30 50 20 10 16 20 (") 6 6 4 4 2 5 10 12 11 17 15 IN 18 28 .30 15 Hi 12 13 9 9 15 20 19 41 35 19 25 29 44 40 21 9 22 35 37 32 50 21 33 42 25 20 20 22 6 11 5 2 3 13 13 17 21 19 21 26 35 37 14 15 10 12 9 12 11 17 35 24 27 16 25 25 31 47 38 28 20 25 49 61 45 45 40 38 41 35 26 27 39 Xuniber. 5,800 1,000 2, 600 600 200 300 28,000 600 35. 200 300 6, 900 40, 400 44,100 7,600 1,200 7,. 500 4,700 130,.5W) 54.. 500 39, 400 72,000 16, 600 16, 000 41,200 oti, 400 9,400 16, 700 13,. 500 7, 600 65, 900 33, 000 9, 800 14,. 500 9. 900 73, 900 1,500 4, 600 133, 100 210, 200 118, 400 242, 900 96, 100 41,400 110,700 113, 300 12,600 77, 400 94,400 P.O. 98 99 99 99 99 98 97 96 95 97 95 93 91 94 92 93 97 95 94 95 96 97 97 97 93 98 98 96 94 93 94 93 95 93 96 97 92 99 100 97 92 97 98 98 98 100 99 98 P.c. 96 98 98 95 97 98 97 97 97 95 96 94 93 95 94 91 95 95 94 96 95 96 97 97 93 98 97 96 95 93 93 93 90 92 94 95 94 96 99 97 95 98 97 95 98 97 96 98 P.c. 98 98 98 97 98 98 97 95 95 94 94 92 92 91 91 91 92 94 94 96 95 96 96 97 93 95 96 96 95 91 91 92 88 92 94 92 91 94 96 95 93 92 97 97 90 97 96 96 44 36 38 25 29 30 45 27 50 39 44 60 65 46 38 40 50 50 60 47 40 35 34 47 47 37 30 35 30 75 55 55 60 60 43 22 36 40 39 55 74 55 51 65 63 25 35 55 (a) 47 36 30 40 28 38 38 28 41 32 44 62 55 45 38 55 80 63 65 60 61 45 33 51 59 45 40 45 50 65 62 48 75 50 37 25 50 65 30 60 72 35 60 80 65 49 60 67 (a) 44 New Hampshire. . 40 50 ilassachuselt.s Rhode Island Connecticut Xew York New Jersey rennsylvania Delaware 35 33 35 53 35 53 40 Maryland 50 72 West Vir.ginia North Carolina South Carolina... 65 40 40 72 86 Ohio 65 83 SO Michigan 68 "Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa 50 40 60 Missouri 94 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas 28 47 68 50 Kentucky Tennessee 100 75 65 Mississippi Louisiana Texas 78 75 68 Oklahoma Arkansas 55 44 70 Wyoming 175 218 New Mexico 60 150 Utah 45 Nevada 60 Idaho 65 Washington 50 45 California 65 United States. 21.7 24.6 25.2 21.0 25.1 32.8 2,124,400 96.6 96.0 94.8 49.0 56.5 81.0 a Losses per 1,000 head. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 Table 7. — Condition of sivine and number of breeding sows Apr. 1, and estimated losses of s wine during year ending Mar. 31, with comparisons. Swine. Lasses from disease. Condition Apr. 1. Breed- ing sows.o 1914 1913 1912 1911 10- year aver- age. 30- year aver- age. 1914 1913 1914 1913 10- year aver- age. Maine m 60 35 30 45 25 35 32 50 42 60 78 46 47 50 65 90 150 85 135 140 62 50 214 255 90 75 230 175 58 90 110 100 104 125 75 70 125 30 20 25 21 55 32 35 50 20 20 53 C) 28 25 19 40 25 30 30 40 43 50 90 48 73 58 75 165 170 86 150 140 40 28 55 160 175 20 38 110 120 95 99 110 154 110 45 81 160 20 IS 100 27 13 24 21 37 22 30 50 15 20 39 35 18 48 29 40 37 80 75 40 41 44 60 90 100 70 125 215 40 28 30 80 160 15 38 60 132 70 70 65 75 100 34 145 140 19 12 20 16 12 16 24 14 22 16 25 U') 20 20 19 21 22 28 25 30 30 33 32 35 25 40 47 57 75 51 62 60 35 23 29 43 48 17 42 36 40 50 47 41 52 68 30 32 68 15 10 15 25 19 17 22 19 17 18 32 C) 15 18 19 24 21 26 23 29 30 46 43 43 36 60 61 71 85 49 75 77 32 24 32 65 84 17 51 66 58 63 62 64 74 90 38 65 101 20 18 29 20 27 21 22 18 18 17 36 19 22 23 23 22 27 26 33 33 51 54 66 49 79 78 94 109 54 82 91 34 38 46 91 93 31 65 88 68 79 89 92 92 110 66 57 119 28 19 29 31 30 26 29 28 26 26 45 Number. 5,800 1,800 3,200 4,800 400 2,000 24,100 7,900 47,500 3,500 25,900 40,000 17,200 68,100 50,700 175,000 135.600 294^700 535,800 610, 100 81,400 102,500 306,000 1,778,900 382,500 32,100 239,000 564,900 136,300 135,600 152,900 148,500 152, 600 174,800 196,400 94,600 187,200 5,500 1,000 5,100 1,200 1,300 2,700 1,200 12,600 5,700 6,000 42,200 Number. 2,800 1,300 2,000 4,600 400 1,800 22,800 6,400 48,600 2,900 30,200 40, 100 26,000 77,400 57,400 311,500 149,300 292,300 556, 400 604, 100 52,500 56,800 93,600 1.395,200 715,200 7,300 44,900 417,800 313,300 155,600 148,000 160, 200 228,200 155,300 112, 200 107,300 244,600 3,100 600 20,500 1,400 300 2,000 700 8,600 5,700 8,000 41, 100 P.c. 97 93 97 97 96 96 96 96 95 90 93 94 96 93 91 95 93 91 91 92 93 97 88 89 89 94 90 89 91 90 89 92 95 S8 94 91 89 97 101 98 97 96 97 99 95 99 100 97 P.c. 97 95 99 95 97 97 98 97 96 92 94 95 94 94 90 92 92 94 89 91 94 96 96 89 84 98 95 93 91 90 89 92 91 88 94 88 • 87 97 100 94 97 98 99 98 96 98 98 97 P.c. 98 98 99 97 98 99 98 97 96 96 94 94 95 94 93 94 92 94 93 95 96 97 97 ■96 91 98 96 96 94 92 93 94 93 91 95 91 89 98 99 98 95 96 98 98 98 98 98 97 P.c. 98 New Hampshire. . ^'er^lont 98 100 M assachuset t s Ilhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Penns3-lvania Delaware 105 102 103 105 104 103 102 Mrjyland 107 Virginia AV est Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 102 105 102 100 105 Florida 103 Ohio 105 Indiana 109 Illinois 106 Michigan.. 104 Wisconsin Iowa 103 84 93 104 North Dakota South Dakota 120 86 90 92 Kentuekj' Tennessee Alabama. . . . 100 99 103 Mississippi Louisiana 110 99 Texas 105 Oklahoma Arkansas 102 105 Montana 135 Wyoming 120 Colorado 109 New Mexico no no Utah no Nevada . . 105 Idaho 120 Washington 113 108 California 99 United States. 118.9 110.1 89.2 44.8 60.1 76.4 7,004,800 6,738,300 91.6 91.4 94.4 100.8 a Number compared with Apr. 1, 1913. b Losses per 1,000 head. 18 farmers' bulletin 590. Table 8. — Prices to producers of agricultural products April 1, 1914 and 1913. [Cotton in cents per pound; hi^, dollars per ton; other products, cents per bushel.] State. Corn. Wheat. Oats. Barley. Rye. Buck- wheat. Pota- toes. Flaxseed. Hay. Cotton. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Me Cts. 84 76 75 79 93 79 77 77 74 70 74 85 85 94 98 94 86 64 61 64 64 59 52 59 74 51 57 63 73 81 82 93 82 77 88 74 82 81 88 71 72 112 73 112 76 71 70 83 70.7 Cts. 68 67 67 69 89 69 64 64 61 55 58 73 71 83 89 90 92 51 4S 47 51 49 41 41 •50 47 39 44 48 64 67 79 75 79 69 50 72 59 62 53 81 95 70 80 89 78 53.7 Cts. 100 120 101 Cts. 116 104 100 Cts. 58 53 53 56 Cts. 49 48 46 46 Cts. 80 "87 Cts. 72 95 85 cts. Cts. Cts. 65 75 89 86 Cts. 70 75 95 72 80 100 67 82 66 Cts. 55 81 76 85 95 81 85 83 81 105 72 85 ins Cts. 40 65 63 70 80 V- 5i 67 61 81 59 75 73 91 128 125 126 56 53 58 36 31 28 61 74 31 39 53 77 66 75 118 116 115 109 91 102 62 80 41 103 95 44 45 24 20 36 45 50.3 Cts. Cts. Dols. 12.80 16. SO 14.90 20.50 21.80 20.00 14.80 18. 70 14.50 16.00 15.50 16.80 16 30 18.50 18.30 18.20 17.30 12.20 12.70 13.90 12.00 10.30 6.40 9.80 14.20 5.80 7.00 8.50 12.10 17.20 17.40 16.20 13.50 13. 40 13.10 11.50 15.20 8.00 8.60 9.80 14. 50 12.00 10.00 10.00 8.00 11.60 9.00 11.00 Dols. 13.70 16.10 14.10 10. SO 24.00 20.80 12.90 17. SO 13.50 14.50 12.00 15.60 13.20 16.30 19.00 17.60 17.30 10.30 10. SO 12.00 10.70 10.60 6.50 9.60 9.40 5.20 5.60 7.20 7.60 14.10 15.10 14.20 12.70 12.30 Cts. Cts. N. H.. . 115 70 93 107 80 72 75 76 75 74 84 87 98 175 115 "97 Vt Mass R.I Conn 50 s? 48 40 50 55 56 62 67 65 64 39 39 38 40 37 32 34 46 32 33 37 46 54 56 67 62 58 50 48 54 33 46 46 40 67 41 50 34 41 40 52 39.5 41 43 42 42 40 45 54 51 62 64 64 68 33 32 31 32 32 26 29 37 23 26 31 40 49 54 58 61 55 44 39 55 39 46 37 39 SO 42 52 35 41 41 61 33.1 91 73 70 74 76 78 82 84 103 150 150 90 81 75 73 N.Y 97 97 95 97 95 101 101 112 116 122 101 100 101 99 100 106 104 118 124 122 70 69 N.J Pa 65 68 Del Md 65 72 65 75 80 86 83 85 "82 73 Va 1? ?, W. Va N.C 90l 90 12.6 12.6 12.8 15.6 n s. c 123 115 150 80 83 91 50 53 53 93 99 57 75 94 98 103 112 116 113 108 113 109 114 60 70 59 113 150 62 64 55 42 43 73 70.0 n n Ga 134 11 q Fla 1? 4 Ohio 93 91 88 92 82 83 79 86 81 79 75 80 98 101 119 99 97 90 99 82 76 79 95 72 73 74 78 103 107 106 89 57 50 55 64 52 45 52 39 44 52 57 72 82 95 50 65 54 63 50 43 51 60 34 41 40 42 82 75 68 63 62 60 55 51 62 74 48 51 57 6.5 84 102 150 72 67 71 57 56 49 60 78 47 57 56 67 88 100 150 80 85 100 68 72 62 84 96 68 "93 64 64 62 81 98 Ind Ill Mich Wis 140 136 120 145 137 132 130 113 110 112 106 114 Minn .. Iowa Mo 11.6 9 fi N. Dak.... S.Dak Nebr 75 .... Kans 133 130 Kj- Tenn 73 75 12.0 12.6 12.2 11 7 11 <» Ala 11 9 Miss 11 9 La 11 <) Tex 95 81 88 71 86 78 79 109 73 90 68 80 86 97 84.2 93 77 94 65 94 77 72 101 72 101 73 80 79 95 79.1 63 68 68 50 104 93 65 61 64 50 110 87 95 68 70 49 laeo'ii.o 7. 40 11. 2 14.40 11-3 11 8 Okla 11 5 Ark 11 8 Mont 52 70 60 79 79 50 77 48 50 62 66 51.7 48 80 44 48 77 53 88 49 50 5S 64 48.5 123 129 9.70 6.80 8.30 11.30 15.00 9.00 11.00 7.50 10.50 8.30 14.00 Wvo Colo N. Mex.... Ariz Utah 55 67 Nev Idaho 90 60 85 110 63.0 69 57 73 86 62.9 Wash Oreg Cal.^. 11.9 1? 5 76.9 68.3 U.S... 132.8 113.6 12.20 11.15 11.8 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 19 Table 9. — Prices to producers of agricultural products on dates indicated, by States. [Butler, chickens, and wool in cents per pound; eggs, cents per dozen; live stock, dollars per 100 pounds.] Apr . 1. Mar. 15. State. Butter. Eggs. Chickens. Hogs. Beef cat- tle. Veal calves. Sheep. Wool. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 $3.90 5.00 4.30 '5.' 50 6.60 4.60 4.50 5.10 6.20 5.50 4.50 5.00 4.60 5.00 4.20 6.20 1914 1913 Cts. 31 32 31 34 33 34 29 33 30 32 29 26 28 25 27 25 33 26 23 25 26 27 25 24 23 20 21 21 22 22 21 21 24 29 22 21 23 32 31 28 36 35 29 38 28 29 31 28 Cts. 31 33 35 36 34 37 34 37 33 25 29 26 27 28 26 25 35 27 24 27 29 31 30 29 23 23 24 23 22 20 21 22 27 23 21 23 34 35 30 33 39 28 38 30 34 33 34 27.6 Cts. 22 22 22 27 26 26 22 26 22 18 18 18 21 17 21 20 22 17 16 16 19 17 16 16 16 16 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 20 15 15 16 21 21 21 25 23 17 30 17 19 20 19 17.6 Cts. 21 22 22 27 24 22 20 21 18 17 17 15 17 15 19 17 23 16 16 16 19 17 16 15 15 17 15 15 14 14 14 15 15 18 14 13 15 25 27 20 27 25 17 28 21 18 17 18 16.4 Cts. 14.5 13.6 13.2 17.2 18.0 16.6 15.8 17.9 14.6 14.5 16.2 14.5 13.4 11.7 13.5 13.2 15.2 13.1 12.0 12.1 13.0 11.3 10.8 10 9 11.8 10.2 8.8 10.7 10.5 11.7 11.7 12.2 12.5 13.5 9.9 10.1 10.6 13. 3 12.7 12.6 13.2 15.8 13.0 22. S 11.0 14.5 13.8 15.2 12.3 Cts. 13.4 15.0 13.6 15.7 16.5 18.0 14.9 17.0 14.0 14.3 15.3 13.6 11.9 10.8 11.9 12.7 15.0 12.3 11. S 11.4 12.3 11.8 10.3 10.3 11.1 9.8 8.9 9.7 9.5 11.4 11.1 11.7 11.8 12.7 9.3 9.4 10.0 13.7 13.5 13.2 12.1 20.0 12.3 S8.20 8.20 8.10 9.00 9.60 9.80 S.40 9.80 8.70 8.60 8.10 8.10 8.10 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.10 8.30 8.30 8.10 8.00 8.00 7.70 8.10 7.80 7.10 7.60 7.80 7.90 7.80 7.50 7.10 6.40 6.30 7.30 7.50 6.30 7.50 7.90 7.60 7.50 7.70 7 ?n S7.90 7.80 7.90 9.00 8.70 8.20 8.00 8.70 8.00 8.50 7.80 7.50 7.90 7.10 7.30 6.70 6.20 8.40 8.40 8.10 8.00 8.00 7.80 8.10 7.70 7.20 7.60 7.80 7.80 7.50 6.90 6.80 6.10 5. .SO 7.20 7.50 6.00 7.40 7.30 7.50 7.30 7.30 S7.50 7.00 5.70 6.20 7.00 8.80 6.20 7.50 7.40 6.20 7.00 6.40 6.90 5.00 4.40 4.50 5.20 7.10 6.80 7.00 6.50 5.70 5.80 7.40 6.80 5.60 6.60 7.10 7.10 6.20 5.80 4.20 4.20 5.10 5.50 6.10 4.80 6.90 6.80 6.70 6.30 6. .50 $7.50 6.10 5.10 7.00 7.30 6.50 5.40 7.00 6.60 6.40 6.30 5.50 5.90 4.20 4.30 3.80 4.50 6.70 6.50 6.80 6.00 5.60 5.80 7.10 6.50 5.20 6.30 6.90 6.70 5.80 4.90 3.50 3.60 4.30 4.90 5.60 4.20 6.80 6.10 6.30 6.00 5.50 6.10 88. 70 8.80 7.60 9.00 9.50 10.20 9.60 10. 30 9.60 10.60 9.70 8.30 8.60 6.10 5.20 5.30 6.60 9.20 8.10 8.30 8.80 8.10 7.30 8.20 7.60 7.30 7.50 8.40 8.20 7.60 6.90 4.90 5.80 5.90 6.30 7.40 6.50 8.80 9.00 8.60 R. 10 7.80 9.60 7.80 8.50 8.20 7.90 7.60 7.92 $8.00 7.80 7.10 8.80 8.30 8.50 9.00 8.60 8.40 9.70 9.00 7.90 7.W 5.00 5.10 5.00 6.00 8.80 8.20 8.00 8.20 8.40 7.30 7.60 7.30 6.80 6.90 7.80 7.90 7.10 5.50 4.20 4.40 4. SO 6.80 6.90 5.20 9.10 8.50 8.30 S.OO 6.50 8.30 8.10 7.80 8.60 8.00 7.00 7.49 84.80 6.60 4.10 '4." 50 6.00 4.50 '5." 70 5.10 5.00 4.40 4.70 4.30 5.10 4.50 7.20 Cts. 20 17 18 '"it 22 18 20 20 21 ""26 20 19 16 20 18 19 19 17 19 18 15 17 18 15 15 15 16 19 18 15 16 14 14 15 16 18 15 17 13 17 15 14 16 15 15 12 Cts. 23 New Hampshire . Vermont 20 21 Massac.hiisetts Rhode Island Coimecticut Nev.' York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia 23 22 18 22 "23 21 '■'23 West Virginia North Carolina... South Carolina. . . 24 •20 14 21 Florida 23 Ohio 4.60; 4.90 4.30; 4.60 4.50 5.10 4.70 5.00 4.20 5.10 4.30J 4.90 4.50; 5.30 4. 70i 5. 10 22 Indiana.......... 22 lUinois 21 Michigan 20 Wisconsin Minnesota 20 19 20 21 North Dakota — South Dakota Nebraska 4.80 4.80 6.40 5.60 3.90 3.80 4.30 4.00 3.60 4.70 5.40 3.80 5.50 5.20 5.10 4.50 3. SO 5.20 5.40 4.70 5.20 4.30 4.90 4.80 4.90 5.90 6.10 3.60 3.60 3.20 3.80 3.00 4.70 4.90 3.80 5.10 5.50 5.40 4.70 4.10 5.10 5.40 5.30 5.60 5.10 5.10 16 17 19 Kentucky Tennessee 23 20 18 Mississippi Louisiana Texas 19 13 14 Oklahoma Arkansas Montana 19 17 19 Wyoming 16 15 New Mexico Arizona 15 16 Utah 6. 70; 6. 10 14 19.8 9.40 10.9 7.50 8.60 6.60! 7.50 Idaho 6.90 7.70 7.50 6.90 6. .30 6.50 6.70 6.80 5.90 6.90 6.60 6.70 17 Washington Oregon 13.9 12.5 13.5 7.70 7.50 8.00 ■"is California United States.. 24.9 11.6 7. SO 7.62 6.28 5.88 4.77 4.97 16.4 18.4 20 FAEMEES^ BULLETIN 590. Table 10. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Lambs per 100 lbs.. Milch cows per head . . Horses do Honey, comb per pound . . Apples per bushel . . Peanuts per pound.. Beans, drj' per l)ushel.. Soy beans do Sweet potatoes do Cabbages per 100 pounds.. Onions per bushel. . Clover seed do Timothy seed do Alfalfa seed do Broom corn per ton. . Cotton seed do Maple sugar per pound. . Maple siiup per gallon. Hops Paid by farmers: Bran per ton., Clover seed . . .per bushel. Timothy seed do Alfalfa seed do Mar. 15— 19U 1913 1912 1911 1910 $6.31 59.23 138.00 .137 1.29 .047 2.05 .873 2.03 1.55 8.61 2.51 6.81 91.00 23.60 .124 1.099 .205 27. 58 9.75 2.95 8.15 $6.56 54.00 146.00 .139 .824 .047 2.10 10.42 1.72 8.19 57.00 21. 55 .126 1.065 24. 9G 12.30 2.33 9.78 $5.38 44.00 140.00 .139 1.035 .05 2.42 1.024 2.88 1.67 12.89 7.33 99.00 18.21 .111 1.051 .401 29.15 .873 1.26 1.05 8.56 4.93 25.49 $7.37 41.75 150.00 .136 1.14 .05 2.17 .80 2.14 .925 8.15 24. 94 27. 00 Apr. 15- 1913 1912 $6. 59 55. 34 148. 00 .141 .85 .048 2.11 .943 1.15 .79 11.00 1.74 8.36 58.00 21.89 .13 1.098 .150 24.69 12. 90 2.43 9.99 $5.98 45.14 142. 00 .138 1.149 .049 2.37 1.174 3.17 1.75 12.91 7.27 101.00 18.62 .125 1.082 29.73 Feb. 15— 1914 1913 1912 $6.18 59.00 139.00 .137 1.23 .047 2.09 1.80 .861 2.07 1.41 8.79 2.45 6.84 95.00 23.37 26.91 9.59 2.92 8.19 $6. 34 51.42 146. 00 .139 .784 .045 2.19 .87 1.17 .775 10.28 1.78 8.15 56.00 22.00 .122 1.059 .169 25.32 11.02 2.47 9.60 $5.15 43.40 137.00 .14 .047 2.38 .935 2.24 1.40 12.22 7.26 86.00 16.81 .388 28.62 Table 11. — Range of prices of agricultural jtrodurts at marJcet centers. Products and markets. Apr. 1, 1914. Mar., 1914. Feb., 1914. Mar.. 1913. Wheat, per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. I>oiiis No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter, New York i Corn, per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mi.xed. New York' Oats, per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Hye, per bushel: No. 2, Chicago Baled hay, per ton: No. 1 timothy, Chicago. Hops, per pound: Choice, New York Wool, per pound: Ohio, fine, unwashed, Boston Best, tub washed, St. Louis Live hogs, per 100 pounds : Bulk of sales, Chicago. Butter, per pound: Creamery, extra, New York Creamery, extra, Elgin Eggs, per dozen: Average best, fresh. New York Average best, fresh, St. Louis Cheese, per pound: Colored,^ New York •M). 93 -.SO. 93 . 921- . 93^ 1.05 - 1.05 . 69 - . 69 . 66.'r- . 67 .691- -70 .40- .40 .3SJ- .381 . 62 - .62 15.00 -16.00 . 42 - . 44 .22 .29 .55 .24i- .211- .17.S- .10"- .29 8.65 .26 .17'. .$0.92 -$0.96 1 .92 J- .963 1.05 - 1.06 . 65 - .72 . t>3 - .70 .681- ."2| .38^ .43 .371- .39^ ..594- .63 14. 50'-16.00 . 42 - . 45 . 22 - .22 . 28 - .29 8. 20 - 9. 00 .24i- .32 .25- .30 .21 - .36 .17^- .27 .16.'.- .17^ SO. 91 -SO. 954 .93J- .97J 1. 01 - 1. 054 . 64 - . 664 . (il - . 634 . 68 - . :0'i .39»- .43 .3S.^- .394 .60J- .64" 15. 00"-16. 00 . 43 - .46 .21- .28 ■ 8. 20 .22 .28 8.90 •SO. 97.^-$l. 12 l.Ol"- 1.08 1. 094- 1. 12 .49 - .541 . r^ - . 53| .554- .58^ .32- .34 .31g- .331 . .58 - . 62i 13. 00 -16. 50 . 21 - .27 . 23 - . 24 . 33 - . 35 8.75- 9.50 .26J- .32 .264- .30 . 29 - .40 .214- .28 .16|- .17i .354- .34"- .20- .31 . 16 - .19 .16- .171 1 F. o. b. afloat. 2 September colored, September to April, inclusive; new colored, May to July, inclusive; colored, .\ugust. o WASHixirrox : covEnxMEXT rnixTiNO office ; 1914 US.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), Leon M. Eslabrook, Chief. May 22, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Page. Winter wheat condition and forecast, Ma> 1 1 Wheat fed to li ve stock 3 Outlook for 1914 foreign wheat crop 4 Rye condition and forecast 6 Hay condition and stocks •• - - 6 Pastures condition 7 Spring plowing and planting 7 Trend of prices of farm products 7 Honeybees *^ Beet sugar in the United States, 1913 9 Sources of sugar supply 11 Hawaiian sugar campaign, final returns for 1912-13 12 ii creage and yield of cotton in 1913 13 Bn^is for interpreting crop condition reports 13 Crop conditions in Florida and California 14 The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on June 1 21 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF JUNE CROP REPORTS. A rej-jort regarding the condition of cotton on May 25 will be issued on Monday, June 1 , 1914, at noon (eastern time). A summary of the June grain report will be made public on Monday, June 8, at 2.15 p. m. (, eastern time). This report will give the preliminary estimate of the acreage of spring wheat, oats, and barley, and the condition on June 1 of winter wheat, spring wheat, oats, barley, rye, and hay. A supplemental report vvill be issued, covering the following items: Condition on June 1 of clover, alfalfa, pasture, bluegrass (for seed), sugar cane, sugar beets, hemp, applet', peaches, pears, blackberries, raspberries, cantaloupes, watermelons, Canadian peas, f.ima beans, cabbage, onions, and the acreage compared with that sown last year of clover and sugar cane. WINTER. WHEAT CONDITION AND FORECAST, MAY 1. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Esti- mates), United States. Department of Agriculture, estimates, fi'om the reports of correspondents and agents of the bureau, as follows : On May 1 the area of winter wheat to be harvested was about 35,387,000 acres, or 3.1 per cent (1,119,000 acres) less than the area 44132°— Bull. 598—14 1 2 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 598. planted last autumn, but 11.6 per cent (3,688,000 acres) more than the area harvested last year, viz., 31,699,000 acres. The average condition of ^^inter wheat on May 1 was 95.9, com- pared v/ith 95.6 on April 1, 91.9 on May 1, 1913, and 85.5, the average for the past 10 years on May 1. A condition of 95.9 per cent on May 1 is indicative of a yield per acre of approximately 17.8 bushels, assuming average variations to prevail thereafter. On the estimated area to be harvested 17.8 bushels per acre would produce 630,000,000 bushels, or 20.3 per cent more than in 1913, 57.5 per cent more than in 1912, and 40. 3 per cent more than in 1911. The outturn of the crop will probably be above or below the figures given above according as the change in conditions fi-om May 1 to harvest is above or below the average change. A combination of the largest acreage ever recorded with a promise of the largest yield per acre ever recorded makes the present report on the condition of \^dnter wheat noteworthy. If the jwesent proi; r be maintained until harvest, the yield per acre, estimated to hi' bushels, will compare with an average for the past 10 years bushels, the highest yield for the period being 16.7 bushels in i ^J0o and the lowest yield being 12.4 bushels. During the past 20 years there has been a gradual tendency toward an increase in jdoid i'^t acre. One feature of the situation is that there is not a single Si.. which the winter-wheat prospect is unfavorable. Last fall was favor- able for wheat seeding and an unusually large area was seeded. The condition of the crop on December 1 was given as 97.2 per cent of normal, the highest figure of the past 10 years, 89.2 being the average for the period. It is thus observed that the crop entered th< n - <<■ with a very good start. The winter proved to be almos' i' .•■«! Practically no complaints have been made of ice smothering, heaviii out from fi-eezing and thawing, etc. During the severe part ( ' 'irJi ■■ the crop was well protected b}' snow, and since the breaking < ( •. .iuc. the temperatm-e has been cool, and moisture sufficient to main tail the crop in almost normal condition. The forecast from the acreage and condition report as of May ' , OoH milUon bushels, compares with 524 millions, the final estiniat.j of last year's crop, wliich exceeded any previous crop. The lar; ? esti- mated production before last year was 493 milUons, estimate" 19'6. The smallest crop of the past 10 years was that of 1904, vnth 33 millions. No human agency can foretell what will befall the crop b( ^ ^ It gathered; the present forecast is based upon the experier - • >( t. past. If conditions continue very favorable, the final out ■ i ; THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 be larger than the amount forecast, or conditions can arise which wonkl result in a decidedly smaller outturn than the present forecast. Interpretations of crop condition figures have been made for three years. Last year the May 1 condition of winter wheat was inter- preted as forecasting a yield of 16.6 bushels per acre; the final esti- mate was 16.5, a reduction of less than 1 per cent. In 1912 the May forecast was 14.4 bushels per acre, the final estimate 15.1, an advance of 5 per cent. In 1911 the May forecast was 15.6 bushels and the final outturn was 14.8, a reduction of 5 per cent. The average price of wheat in the United States on May 1 was 83.1 cents a bushel, a decline of 1.1 cents smce Apiil 1; the price on May 1 last year was 80.9 cents, two years ago 99.7 cents, and three yeai-s ago 84.6 cents. The price is generally lower than a year ago east of the Mississippi River and higher than a year ago west of the ]\Iissis- sippi River. A report upon spring wheat will not be made until June. The production of spring wheat in 1913 was 240 million bushels; in 1912, 330 million; in 1911, 191 million; in the past five years, an annual average of 250 miUion. This figure added to the forecast of winter wheat, namely, 630 millions, makes 880 milUons, which may be con- sidered as a theoretical forecast of total wheat crop. Although a large crop is forecast this year, the amount of carry-over from the 1912 crop will probably be small because of the unusually large amount of wheat used as animal feed during the past season. Details by States are given on page 15. WHEAT FED TO LIVE STOCK. The wheat crop of 1913 in the United States was estimated at 763 miUion bushels, as compared mth 730 millions in 1912 — an increase of 33 miUion bushels. The amount of old wheat carried into the crop year of 1913 was approximately 90 million bushels, as compared with 78 milhons in the preceding year, or 12 millions more. Thus, the apparent supply for the 1913 crop season was 45 million bushels more than for the preceding season. Notwithstanding this apparently larger supply of 45 million bush- els, the est' aated stocks of wheat on March 1 last were about 32 mil- iioD bushels less than on March 1, 1913, farm stocks on March 1 being estimated at 5 million bushels less, in interior mills and ele- vators 20 millions less, and commercial visible stocks 7 millions less than in the preceding year. That is, comparing the two crop seasons, the 1913 season appar- ently had 45 million more bushels than the 1912 season; but on March 1 of the 1913 season there appeared to be 32 milUon bushels 4 farmers' bulletin 598. less on hand than on March 1 of the 1912 season — a difference of 77 million bushels to be accounted for. Increased exports can account for 7 milhons of the above 77 mil- lions; normal increase of consumption from natural growth of the country can account for about 11 milhons; an increased amount of seed used for seeding the enlarged winter wheat area can account for 5 milhon bushels — a total of 23 milhons accounted for, leaving 54 millions unaccounted for. This difference may result from inaccuracy in some of the estimates, from an increase in the per capita con- sumj^tion, or from some unusual use made of the crop. An unusual feature of the past season has been a lai^e wheat j)ro- duction coincident with a practical failure of the corn crop in Kan- sas and adjacent States. In Kansas the v/heat production last year was 87 milhon bushels, compared with an average of 71 millions in the preceding four years; whereas the corn production was only 23 millions, as compared with an average of 15G millions for the preced- ing four years. The price of wheat and corn in Kansas has been about the same during the past season, and in many counties wheat has been the cheaper; normally wheat is 30 to 35 cents per bushel dearer than corn. In consequence of the relative plentifulness and cheapness of wheat, and the scarcity and dearness of corn, much more wheat was used on farms for animal feed than usual. The ex- tent of such use is not definitely known. Ordinarily about 2 per cent of the entire wheat crop is estimated to be fed to animals. Recently the county correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) in Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Missouri were requested to estimate the percentage of the wheat crop of the past year that would be consumed on farms as feed. The Kansas corre- spondents estimated 12.6 per cent, Nebraska 14.7 per cent, Oklahoma 21 per cent, and Missouri 14.4 j^er cent. Applying these percentages to the wheat production of these States gives a total of 29 milhon bushels; these States produced 206 millions of last year's total crop of 763 millions for the United States. If 29 million bushels of wheat were fed to live stock in these four States, whereas in a normal year only 4 or 5 milhon bushels would be so fed, it is reasonable to esti- mate that this year in the entire United States about 40 to 45 milhon bushels more than the normal amount of wheat were fed to hve stock. This would leave 9 to 14 millions not otherwise accounted for, which, however, is a small difference. THE OUTLOOK FOR THE 1914 FOREIGN WHEAT CROP. At the beginning of May the general wheat prospect abroad pre- sented few features materiaUy different from those of ordinary years. In the Southern Hemisphere, where each calendar year the first of THE xiGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 5 the world harvests take place, the two principal producing coun- tries, Ai'gentina and Australia, have given a total yield of 231,685,000 bushels against 293,295,000 bushels the year before. The distribu- tion of production between the two countries was: Argentina, 117,758,000 (revised) in 1914 against 198,414,000 bushels .in the preceding year, and, by the same comparison, Australia 113,927,000 bushels against 94,880,000. In both countries seeding is now in progress under fairly favorable conditions for next winter's har- vest. There have, however, been complaints at times of excessive rain, deleterious ijarticularly to the ripened maize crop in Ai'gentina. Some increase is expected this year in each country in the total acreage under all crops, but none is anticipated in the wheat area. The 1914 wheat crop of New Zealand has also been a good one, the yield being officially put at 200,000 bushels above that of the pre- vious year. In British India, where occurs, annually, the first important wheat harvest north of the equator, the acreage now being cut has been officially estimated at 25,500,000 acres, con> pared with 29,716,000 acres last year, a decrease of 3,822,000 acres, or 13 per cent. Harvest, though at times disturbed in parts by heavy rains, has, for the most part, been durin;T proj^itious weather. No quantitative estimates of jdelds are yet available, but it is nota- ble that exports thus far are very limited. Spring seeding in Can- ada seems to have been retarded by wet weather in April, and indi- cations are for no extension of the spring wheat area over that of last year. The prospects for the European wheat crop are, as a whole, fully up to the standard for the season. The total acreage, owing to increased sowings in Russia and Roumania, is expected to exceed that of last year, and the general appearance of the fields in almost all countries is reported to be of good promise. In Great Britain there has been an increase of about 4 per cent in acreage. The con- dition of the plants is, for the most part, satisfactory. In France an unusually large proportion of the winter wheat has been frozen out, and as the weather has not been altogether favorable to spring sow- ings the acreage is expected to be less than that of either of the past two years. The appearance of vegetation, particularly in the north, is not all that is desired, though it improved greatly in April. The popular belief is that France will at the best not produce a large crop this season. The acreage under wdnter wheat in Italy is normal and in Spain 3^ per cent less than last year. Excepting some local com- plaints of dry weather, the present outlook in both countries is satis- factory. In Belgium, Denmark, and Germany the growing crops receive favorable mention, though a rather dry April now makes felt in many parts urgent necessity for additional rain. In central and southeastern Europe the only discordp^nt notes in a general harmony of favorable crop reports are complaints of an unsatisfactory condi- FARMEES BULLETIN tion of the growing Hungarian wheat and a decrease, owing to unfa- vorable weather last fall, in the sowings of Bulgaria. Although there are no definite official reports from Russia, the tone of local and com- mercial reports is very hopeful, and the present popular expectation seems to be, if present conditions are maintained, for a yield exceed- ing that of any previous year. RYE. The average condition of rye on May 1 was 93.4, compared vnih 91.3 on April 1, 91 on May 1, 1913, and 89.4, the average for the past 10 years on May 1. The condition of the crop is high in every State. A condition of 93.4 may be interpreted as forecasting a yield per acre of about 17.1 bushels, which compares with a fuial estimate of 16.2 last year, 16.8 two years ago, and 16.2, the average of the past 10 years. The yield per acre of rye has not varied widely from year to year, the lowest yield per acre since 1900 being 15.1 bushels (in 1900), and the highest 17 bushels in 1902. An estimate of the acreage to be harvested, to which to apply the forecast of yield per acre to ob- tain a total production figure, has not been made. The acreage planted for grain l^st fall was 2,702,000 acres, compared with 2,731,000 sown in the fall of 1912. During tlie past five yeare the estimated area harvested has been 8 per cent less than the estimated area sown for grain. A yield per acre of 17,1 bushels on 8 per cent less area than sown for grain last fall would produce 42,-500,000 bushels, which compares mth last year's final estimate of 41,381,000 and the estimate two years ago of 35,664,000. Details by States are given on page 15. HAY. The average condition of meadow (hay) lands on May 1 was 90.9, compared with 88.5 on May 1, 1913, and a 10-year average on May 1 of 88.1. A condition of 90.9 on May 1 may be interpreted as forecasting a yield per acre of about 1.46 tons, which compares with a final estimate of 1.31 tons produced last year and an average yield in the past 10 years of 1.40 tons. The hay prospects on May 1 were more or less promising in every State. An estimate of the acreage will not be made until August. The stocks of old hay on farms on May 1 are estimated as 7,832,000 tons (12,2 per cent of the crop), against 10,828,000 tons (14.9 per cent) on May 1, 1913, and 4,744,000 tons (8.6 per cent) on May 1, 1912. The average price of hay, $12.32 on May 1 this year, $11.13 last year, and $17.64 two years ago, reflects this difference in stocks of hay on hand. Details by States are given on page 16. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. PASTURES. Pastures, although above average condition on May 1 for the entire United. States, are not so uniformly favorable iii the different States as are wheat, rye, and meadows. In 17 of the 48 States the condi- tion figure was more or less below the 10-year average, in 4 States the condition is the same as the 10-year average, and in 27 States the condition was above the 10 -year average. Wliere the conditions are lowest, generally m the Atlantic Coast States, the cause is the late sprmg and consequent late startmg of grass. Conditions are particularly good m the Pacific Coast States. Details by States are shown on page 17. SPRING PLOWING AND PLANTING. So much plowmg was accomplished last autumn that, notwitli- standmg the tardmess of spring, the total amount of plowing and planting for sprmg-sown crops by May 1 was slightly more than the average. About 70.9 per cent of the plowmg was completed by May 1, compared with 67.2 per cent on May 1, 1913, and a 10-year average on May 1 of GO. 6. Of spring j)lanting, 50.4 per cent Wtis completed up to ISIay 1, compared with 57 per cent on May 1, 1913, and an S-year average on May 1 of 54.6. This work is generall}- backward in the North Atlantic Coast States and down to South Carolma, also ui the North- ern States, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, but about up to the average or somewhat better m nearly all other sections of the United States. Details by States are printed on page 17. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops increased about 1.3 per cent during April; in the past six years the price level has increased during April 3.2 2)cr cent; thus, the increase this year is less than usual. Since December 1 the index figure of crop prices has advanced 2.4 per cent; during the same period a year ago the advance was 5.3 per cent, and the average for the past six years has been an advance of 11.1 per cent. On May 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 17 per cent higher than a year ago, but 18.3 per cent lower than two years ago and 1.3 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on May 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals increased 0.4 per cent during the month from March 15 to April 15, which compares with, an increase of 3.7 per cent in the 8 farmers' bulletin 598. same period a year ago, an increase of 10.7 per cent two years ago, a decrease of 4,7 per cent three years ago, and an increase of 4.8 per cent four years ago. From December 15 to April 15 the advance in prices for meat animals has been 8 per cent; whereas during the same period a year ago the advance was 14.5 per cent, and tv^^o years ago 17.3 per cent, while three years ago there was a dechne in price of 6.6 per cent during this period. On April 15 tlie average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens^ — was $7.40 per 100 pounds, wliich is 0.7 per cent higher than the prcvaihng price a year ago, 17.5 per cent higher than two years ago, 27.6 per cent higher than three years ago, and 4.4 per cent lower than four years ago on April 15. A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 18-20. HONEYBEES. The Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) on May 1 made an inquiry regarding the number of colonies of honeybees, their condi- tion, and the condition of the principal nectar-bearing plants. The inquiry covered the additional subjects of the principal nectar-pro- ducing i)iants in the different sections and the approximate dates of nectar flow of each. As this is the first inquiry on this subject, and no comparisons exist based on j^revious inquiries by the Bureau, it is difficult to draw conclusions, except in a most general way. The number of colonies of bees in the United States this year, spring count, appears to be about 4 per cent above the number last year, and 2 per cent above recent years. Decreases compared both with last year and recent years are reported in the New England States, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Missis- sippi, Louisiana, and California. The loss in California and in a majority of the other States named was due to a seA^ere epidemic of foul-brood disease. Increases are particularly marked in the Korth Central, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific Coast States, except as already noted. The condition of the colonies is reported to be about 98 per cent of a normal, taking the United States as a whole. The condition is about 5 per cent above normal, however, in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States. The condition of colonies compared with last spring is about 4 per cent better, being reported as inferior only in Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Virginia, West Virginia, Georgia, Ohio, Indiana, Ilhnois, Kansas, Kentucky, and Mississippi. It is genei-ally better than last spring in the North Central States, and very much better in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 9 The condition of nectar-bearing plants averages about 99 per cent of a normal for the Uiiited States as a whole, ranging in the neighborhood of 95 in all the country east of the Rockies, excepting Texas, where it is 115, and about 105 per cent in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States, being highest, 120 per cent, in California. Compared with, last 3^ear, the condition of nectar-bearing plants averages 3 per cent higher for the United States, being generally slightly below last year east of the Rockies, except in Texas, where it is 50 per cent better, and decidedly better in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States, reaching the very liigh figure of 175 per cent compared with last year in California, where moisture conditions in the white-sage country presage a bountiful nectar flow. In the important honey-producing States of Texas, Colorado, and California the outlook is very promising, showing numbers of colonies compared with recent years of 115, 115, and 85, and compared with last year of 112, 120, and 93 per cent, respectively; colony conditions compared wdtli normal of 115, 110, and 107, and compared with last year of 120, 110, and 125 per cent; and condition of nectar-producing plants compared with normal of 115, 107, and 120, and compared with last year of 150, 107, and 175 per cent, respectively. The number of colonies in the white-clover belt of the North Cen- tral States is at least 5 percent above the number last year, and, taken as a whole, the condition of the colonies is equal to that of last year; but the condition of nectar plants in these States is reported as not quite so good as last 3"ear, due partly to a late spring and partly to loss of clover fiom the drought in some sections. An inquiry will be made in July regarding honey production, and another inquiry on the same subject will be made later in the season. It is hoped in the meantime to secure the agreement of a large number of experienced and up-to-date beekeepers to furnish reports on the honey crop in order that the estimates may be approximately correct and therefore of real value to honey producers and others interested. Details b}^ States are given on page 17. BEET SUGAR IN THE UNITED STATES, 1913. The beet-sugar output of the United States for the campaign beginning in the fall of 1913 was the largest on record. It amounted to 733,401 short tons, which was 40,845 in excess of the large yield of 1912. There were 71 factories in operation in 1913-14, or two less than during the preceding campaign, while the aver-age length of the campaign was 85 days in 1913-14, practically the same as in 1912-13. The beets used in the factories in 1913-14 amounted to 5,659,462 tons, and were grown upon 580,006 acres. The average value of the 44132°— Bull. 598—14 2 10 FARMERS BULLETIN 598. beets per ton was $5.34, and the total amount received by farmers for this product amounted to $30,222,000. In the preceding cam- paign, 1912-13, the farm value of the beets used for sugar amounted to $30,406,000, the average price being $5.82 per ton. Details of the beet-sugar cami:)aign for the past three years in each principal wState and in the United States are shown in Table 1. Table 1. — Sugar-beet and bert-sugar production in the United States, 1911-1913. Fac- torie.s iu oper- ation. Aver- age length of cam- paign. Sugar made (chipfiy refined). Beets used. Analysis of beets. Average ex- traction of sugar. State, and year of beet harvest. Area. Aver- age yield per acre. Produc- tion. Aver- age price per ton. Per- cent- age of su- crose.' Pu- rity coeffi- cient.2 Per- cent- age of beets. Per short ton of beets. California: 1913 1912 1911 Colorado: 1913 1912 1911 Idaho: 1913 1912 1911 Michigan : 1913 1912 1911 Ohio: 1913 . . . Nn. 12 11 10 14 17 14 4 4 3 15 16 17 5 5 7 6 6 4 4 4 10 10 12 Daus. 99 90 98 96 91 63 77 64 91 82 74 122 80 91 90 97 96 57 91 106 68 78 83 Tms.s 171,208 1.58, 904 161,300 229,274 216,010 124, 800 29,620 24,761 26, 730 122, 424 95,049 125,500 28, 687 28, 503 57,231 59,571 57,280 12, 5.53 23, 260 23, 640 82, 404 86,498 80, 250 Acres. 127,610 111,416 99, 545 168,410 144,999 86,437 22,497 19,952 17,052 107,965 124,241 145,837 30, 661 27,062 39, 472 37,000 33, 950 11,800 20,172 23,241 71,591 70, 458 67,815 Tom. 3 8.92 9.01 10.42 10.93 11.32 11.07 9.90 8.55 12.11 8.85 6.75 9.90 7.84 9.72 12.21 12. 03 13.03 9.66 10.27 11.02 9.31 9.28 10.61 Tons.^ 1,138,003 1,004,328 1,037,283 1,840,653 1,641,861 957, 142 222,612 170,619 206,367 955,242 838, 784 1, 443, 856 240, 435 263,005 481,863 445, 130 442,310 114,000 207,085 256, 124 666,654 653,565 719, 251 Dnlls. 6.10 6.46 5.54 5.67 5.96 5.55 4.99 5.18 5.02 5.93 6.69 5.74 5.34 5.31 4.81 4.90 4.81 5.80 5.84 5.51 5.66 5.82 5.48 P.cl. 18.04 18.79 18.95 14.92 16.19 15.44 16.24 17.37 16.65 15.82 14.72 14.59 14.46 13.95 15.07 16.37 15.98 14.10 15. 10 14.23 14.99 16.37 1.5. 16 P.ct. 86.26 83.99 82.04 84.01 84.81 81.22 86.35 88.01 88.26 82.61 83.75 80.00 82. 95 81.36 83.86 86.29 86.10 'si'si' 81.00 81.89 83.89 84.51 P.cl. 15. 05 15.82 15.55 12.46 13. 16 13.04 13. 31 14.51 12.95 12.82 11.33 8.69 11.93 10. 84 12.08 13.38 12.95 11.01 11.23 9.23 12.36 13.23 11.16 Lhx. .301 310 311 249 283 261 266 290 259 256 227 174 239 1912 .-. Utah: 1913 1912 1911 Wisconsin: 1913 1912 1911 Other States:* 1913 1912 .-.. 1911^ 217 242 168 259 220 225 185 247 265 22i United States: 1913.. 1912 1911 71 73 66 85 86 94 733, 401 692, 556 599, 500 580,006 555,300 473, 877 9.76 9.41 10.68 5, 659, 462 5,224,377 5, 062, :333 5.34 5.82 5. .50 15.78 16.31 15.89 83.22 84.49 82.21 12.96 13.26 11.84 259 265 237 1 Based upon weight of beets. 2 Percentage of sucrose (pure sugar) in the total soluble solids of the beets. 3 Short tons (2,000 pounds). « The 10 factories in "Other States" in 1912 and 1913 were located as follows: Indiana, 1; Illinois, 1; Min- nesota, 1; Iowa, 1: Nebraska, 2; Kansas, 1; Montana, 1: Nevada, 1; and Arizona, 1. 5 Including Ohio iu 1911. About 2,500 pounds of refined sugar are yielded on an average by an acre of beets, and for each ton of beets the average for the past three years has ranged from 237 to 265 pounds of refined sugar. Sugar beets yielded during the past three years from 9.41 to 10.68 short tons per acre, and were worth from $52.12 to $58.74 per acre. The average output per factory increased from 9,083 short tons of sugar in 1911-12 to 10,330 short tons in 1913-14. The average quan- THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 titj of beets used by each factory ranged from 71,567 to 79,711 tons, and the area from which each factory drew its supply of beets ranged from 7,180 to 8,168 acres. Table 2. — Average re^sults per acre and per factory in the beet-sugar industry of the United States. 1911-1913. Average yield, beets per acre. Avemge^sugar ^^^^^ p„ ,,,,,^^. ! Avera^ejarm value Year of beet harvest. Per short ton of beets. Per acre of beets. Areahar- Beets vested. used. S ^>rt<.n. Per acre. 1913 Tons.i 9.76 9.41 10. 68 Pounds. 259 265 237 Pounds. 2,517 2,496 2,529 Acres. 8,168 7, 607 7,180 Tons.^ 79,711 71,567 76, 702 10,330 9, 4S7 9,08:} Dollars. 5.34 5.S2 5. .50 Dollars. 52. 12 1912.. 54.77 1911 58.74 1 Short tons (2,000 pounds). SOURCES OF SUGAR SUPPLY. The total amount of sugar produced within the United States proper from the crops of 1913 exceeded 1,000,000 tons. In the previous year, owing to tlie crop failure in Louisiana, the sugar pro- duction of the United States proper was only about 855,000 tons, and two years ago this production amounted to 960,000 tons. The average consumption of sugar in the United States for the two fiscal years beginning 1911 and 1912 was about 4,000,000 short tons. Of this amount 45 per cent in the first year and 55 per cent in the second consisted of foreign sugar, while 30 and 24 per cent, respec- tively, represented sugar received from Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands; the sugar of domestic production constituted 25 and 20 per cent, respectively, of the total supply. Domestic beet sugar constituted in 1911-12, 15 per cent of the total supply, and in 1912-13, 16 per cent, while Louisiana cane sugar was represented in the former year by 9 and in the latter by 4 per cent of the total supply of all sugar in the United States for those years. Taking the total domestic production as a basis, beet sugar con- stituted, in 1913-14, 71 per cent and cane sugar 29 per cent. In 1912-13 and 1911-12 beet sugar formed 81 and 62 per cent, respec- tively, of the total domestic production, while cane sugar formed 19 and 38 per cent, respectively. Of the total domestic production of the past three years, 71 per cent consisted of beet sugar and 29 per cent cane. It is to be understood that in this paragraph domestic production refers to the United States proper and does not include any of the insular possessions. 12 FARMERS BULLETIN 598. Table 3. — Quantity and sources of the sugar supply of the United States. [In tons of 2,000 pounds.] Domestic production. Year beginning July 1. 1913 1912 1911 Beet sugar (chiefly refined). Tons. 733, 401 692, 556 599,500 Cane sugar (chiefly raw). Louisi- ana. Texas.' Total do- mestic pro- duction. Tons. 292, 698 153,573 352, 874 Tons. 7,000 9,000 8,000 Tons. 1,033,099 855,129 960, 374 Received from Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Philippine Islands ^ (chiefly raw). Ton^. 1,018,979 1,178,058 Imports from foreign countries, less exports (chiefly raw). Tons. 2,346,027 1,792,646 Retained and re- ceived for consump- tion. Tons. 4,220,135 3,931,078 1 Estimate of AVillet and Gray. ' Less shipments (chiefly refined sugar) from the United States to these possessions. FINAL RETURNS FOR THE HAWAIIAN SUGAR CAMPAIGN OF 1912-13. The production of sugar in Hawaii during the year ending Septem- ber 30, 1913, amounted to 546,524 short tons, which was about 49,000 less than the year before and 28,000 less than in 1910-11. The average }deld of cane per acre was the lowest in the past tliree years, amounting, however, to 39 tons; and the total cane crushed for sugar equaled 4,476,000 short tons. The area harvested in 1912-13 was greater than in the preceding year, but less than in 1910-11. In Hawaii about 18 months are usually required for a crop of cane to mature. The average yields per acre in the sugar-crop reports of this Bureau apply only to areas whose crops were used in sugar making in the campaign to which averages refer. Table 4. -Final returns for the Hawaiian sugar campaign ending Sept. 30, 191.3, and comparison with two preceding ca7npaigns. Facto- ries in opera- tion. Average length of cam- paign. Sugar made (chiefly raw). Cane used for sugar. Average extraction of sugar. Island, and year ending Sept. 30. Area har- vested. Average yield per acre. Produc- tion. Per cent of cane. Per short ton of cane. Per acre of cr,ne. Hawaii: 1913 *.. 1912 1911 No. 24 24 26 9 9 9 7 7 10 10 8 Days. 170 204 Tons.^ 197,212 209,914 198, 830 100, 340 96,845 100,667 124,820 148,740 139, 894 124, 152 139, 539 135, 087 Acres. 53, 600 52, 900 53,400 20.800 18,900 21,200 19,700 19,400 22, 500 20,500 21,800 19,900 32 34 33 42 43 43 47 55 50 49 50 52 7'ows.i 1,703,000 1,799,000 1,744,000 841,000 807,000 919,000 929,000 1,074,000 1,133,000 1,003,000 1,094,000 l,a39,000 Per cent. 11.58 11.67 11.40 11.93 12.00 10. 95 13. 44 13. 85 12. 35 12. .38 12.75 13.00 Pounds. 232 233 228 239 240 219 269 277 247 248 255 260 Pounds. 7,364 7,936 7,447 Kauai: 1913 1912 1911 198 206 9, 605 10,248 9,497 Maui: 1913 1912 1911 152 192 12,684 1.5,334 12,435 Oahu: 1913 1312 1911 157 200 12, 153 12,802 13,577 Territory of Hawaii: 1913 1912 1911 50 50 50 169 200 546, 524 595,038 574,478 114,600 113,000 117,000 39 42 41 4,476,000 4,774,000 4,835,000 12.21 12. 40 11.88 244 249 238 9,. 544 10, 532 9,820 1 Short tons (2,000 pounds). THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 13 ACREAGE AND YIELD OF COTTON IN 1913. The Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, has made a revision of its preUminary estimates of cotton acreage last year (1913), based upon results of a special investigation and the report of the Bureau of the Census of the quan- tity of cotton ginned in the past season. The revision indicates that the area planted to cotton (in cultivation at the end of Juns, 1913) was about 37,458,000 acres, instead of 35,622,000 as reported last July. The revised estimated will be used by ths Bureau of Statistics as a basis in making its cotton acreage estimates this year. The yield of cotton per acre in 1913 is estimated at 182 pounds, as compared with 190.9 pounds in 1912, 207.7 pounds in 1911, 170.7 pounds in 1910, and 154.3 j^ounds in 1909. The area picked in 1913 was about 37,089,000 acres. Details by States for 1913 are given in Table 5, as follows: Taj3LE 5. — Cotton acreage and yield per acre, 191.3, hy States. Area planted I (in eultivii- 1 tion end of i I June, 1913), revised. Area picked, 1913. Yield per acre, 1913. Virginia North Carolina South Carolina . . . . Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas Tennessee Missotu"! Oklahoma California United State; Acres. 48.000 1,. 589, 000 2, 798, 000 5,345,000 192, 000 3, 798, 000 3,117,000 1,263,000 12, 686, 000 2, 527, 000 866, 000 113,000 3, 102, 000 14,000 37, 458, 000 Acres. 47,000 1,576,000 2, 790, 000 5,318,000 188,000 3, 760, 000 3,067,000 1,244,000 12,597,000 2,502,000 865, 000 112,000 3,009,000 14,000 Pounds. 240 239 235 208 150 190 204 170 150 205 210 286 132 500 37, 089, 000 182.0 BASIS FOR INTERPRETING CROP CONDITION REPORTS. The equivalent of 100 per cent of a normal condition in terms of prospective yield per acre, for crops in the United States, is esti- mated as follows, tlie figures being based primarily on averages of the last five years, with modification where such averages are un- duly influenced by abnormal 3'ears. The approximate yield per acre indicated by tlie condition report of any month is obtained by multiplymg the equivalent of 100, as given below, by the condition percentage. For example, if the condition of corn on October 1 be reported 75 per cent of normal, the indicated yield per acre would be 14 FARMERS BULLETIN 598. 35X0.75 = 26.25 bushels. A brief statement relating to the inter- pretation of crop condition figures was published in the Crop Re- porter for July, 1911. Table 6. — Estimated equivalent in yield per acre of 100 condition. Estimated equivalent in prospective yield of a condition of 100 (normal) on — May 1. June 1. July 1. Aug. 1. Sept. 1. Oct. 1. Corn bushpls.. 31.8 19.7 16.6 18.6 37.1 ,30.2 18.5 3:;. 5 34.7 35.0 W inter wbeat do.... dc... l!> 6 19.5 15.3 18.0 35.4 28.6 18.4 17.4 18.0 All wheat do.... Oats do.... 37.9 31.3 38.4 31.9 Barley do .. Rye do.... do.... 18.3 Buckwheat 23.8 124 1,006 10.6 38.5 1.65 234 24.7 129 1,021 11.0 38. 8 25.6 Potatoes do.... 115 965 10.1 38.5 1.70 232 132 Tobacco pounds. . 1,004 Fla.v bushels.. 11.3 Bice do.... 39. 2 Hay tons . . l.fi2 232 Cotton pounds 260 280 FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 7. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. Florida. California. Crop. Condition May 1— Condi- tion Apr. 1, 1914. Condition May 1 — Condi- tion 1914 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 Apr. 1, 1914. Pineapples 80 95 95 90 89 96 90 90 98 85 60 80 86 84 80 102 "'""ioo' 101 85 82 Oranges 95 92 70 5e 92 90 98 Lemons 94 Limes 95 96 80 55 86 85 80 90 88 70 48 90 84 81 Grapefruit Peaclies Pears Strawberries i AVatermelons Cantaloupes Apricots 80 89 96 61 48 90 78 92 90 Almonds Cauliflower i Velvet beans 86 77 90 85 85 Tomatoes 81 87 87 83 87 80 84 83 80 Cabbages i Potatoes 92 Cowpeas Production compared with a full crop. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 Table 8. — Winter wheat and rye; acreage, condition, forecast, and prices on dates indicated. Winter wheat. Rye. Acreage. Condition May 1. B " a It? £S 11 _§ .5 Price May 1. Condition May 1. < 1 § Price May 1. State. S o S3 ' 0; isl hi < •7* a: S %. as c3 a en bi 01 1. v. M 1 ■* S Vermont P.c. p.c. P.c. Bush. Bush. Cts. as. P.c. 95 95 94 92 93 94 90 92 94 93 92 89 90 95 95 96 93 92 93 96 95 92 93 92- 95 95 93 90 P.C. 91 91 94 88 92 90 91 91 91 90 91 87 89 85 88 90 86 91 89 93 90 87 91 90 87 88 88 87 P.c. 98 96 94 94 91 94 90 91 95 93 92 89 92 96 96 97 91 87 88 93 96 87 88 92 95 94 93 91 Cts. Cts. Ma-ssachusetts.. 94 100 75 76 75 76 70 83 82 99 172 122 71 62 63 62 55 49 61 70 42 53 56 70 82 94 129 63 Connecticut 88 New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . Delaware Maryland Virguiia West Virginia.. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia Ohio 1.0 4.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.0 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.3 5.0 8.0 2.0 1.4 360,000 - 79,000 1,312,000 114,000 612,000 779,000 236,000 611,000 80,000 140,000 2,090,000 2,485,000 2,576,000 879,000 85,000 41,000 479,000 2,549,000 95 93 94 94 94 95 95 92 88 90 96 98 97 92 89 89 95 99 92 95 94 95 95 95 92 93 84 89 91 91 94 83 89 87 90 90 91 91 91 88 90 8.5 87 80 81 8:3 80 88 7,500 1,400 23,400 1,900 9,900 10,000 3,200 6,500 900 1,600 38, 900 45,500 47.500 15. 800 1,600 6,800 1,408 21,862 1,6.38 8,113 10,608 3,055- 7,078 972 1,708 35.100 39, 775 41.888 12, 770 1,749 810 10,530 39,586 99 101 96 96 94 101 100 112 125 122 92 91 86 90 84 8;3 80 86 101 96 100 100 103 105 105 113 122 120 102 97 93 100 82 80 80 95 73 75 77 69 72 81 89 96 181 120 69 Indiana Illinois 62 58 Michigau Wisconsin Minnesota 56 54 51 Iowa 93 95 89 86 11,100 44,200 64 Missouri North Dakota.. 77 47 South Dakota.. 14.0 4.0 4.5 2.3 2.0 8.0 15.0 5.0 3.0 2.5 5.0 4.0 8.0 7.0 5.0 3.0 4.5 2.0 4.5 2.0 5.0 69,000 3,123,000 7,950,000 745,000 709.000 31,000 1,000 1,082,000 2,405,000 105,000 481,000 41,000 194,000 42,000 31,000 223,000 18,000 339,000 1,201,000 622,000 408,000 88 94 96 98 97 92 90 90 96 97 96 96 95 93 94 99 97 99 98 102 95 900 58,125 86,515 9,860 8,400 374 14 13,650 17, .500 1,313 12,288 1,000 4,220 651 928 4,600 368 8.494 32, 400 12,305 4,200 76 75 80 96 102 123 92 93 83 89 73 80 78 92 112 77 91 73 80 82 93 76 74 79 102 107 112 54 Nebraska 97 91 91 92 90 90 78 89 95 92 97 94 85 90 90 90 95 95 92 62 87 82 87 88 88 86 79 82 87 94 94 90 ■93" 98 96 94 96 80 63.100 132,000 10,200 8,600 400 "i5,'666" 35,500 1,300 12,900 1,100 4,800 900 900 5,500 400 10,100 33,000 15.200 7,800 53 65 Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi 87 100 101 Texas 90 78 92 68 85 73 90 115 77 100 73 79 77 94 88 97 96 97 97 94 78 84 87 96 96 91 81 97 93 94 97 92 99 80 89 75 60 67 102 Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico 70 cQ 62 55 54 Arizona Utah 97 96 96 55 60 Nevada Idaho . . 98 98 100 100 96 94 96 88 97 100 98 100 75 ""so' 92 73 Washington Oregon . 55 75 California 90 United States 3.1 35,387,000 95.9 91.9 |85.5 630,000 523,561 8.3.9 80.9 93.4 89.4 91.3 62.9 62.4 16 FAKMEES BULLETIN 598. Table 9. — Hay — Stock and price of old crop, condition and forecast of meadows. May 1; amount fed on farms where produced, 1914, with comparisons. Hay. State. Quantity on farms May 1 (000 omitted). Price May 1— Per cent fed to stock owned on farms pro- ducing it. Meadows: Condition May 1. Yield per acre. 1914 1913 1912 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 (indi- ca- ted). 1913 (fi- nal). 10- year aver- age. Maine.... New Hampshire P.ct.^ 11 10 10 11 18 12 12 17 16 14 12 12 10 14 18 22 17 12 13 12 12 15 13 13 8 13 13 10 6 13 15 17 17 14 16 7 13 18 12 12 9 10 8 13 9 10 10 11 Tons. 131 50 128 63 12 52 643 80 663 13 59 114 92 59 44 77 11 462 234 294 302 577 324 577 144 50 72 168 81 88 163 49 50 34 74 27 50 214 109 219 36 54 73 84 184 179 173 396 Tons. 186 88 182 77 8 57 826 83 817 16 92 107 144 53 38 54 7 684 465 523 541 504 407 891 704 82 114 202 317 180 219 47 56 33 70 58 67 170 146 286 57 27 102 123 194 171 209 344 Tons. 148 47 92 41 5 25 337 41 242 4 20 36 18 43 46 52 7 196 146 191 222 243 142 200 123 51 11 49 66 80 111 44 48 23 30 13 41 109 34 110 51 8 61 68 208 231 192 438 4, 744 Dolls. 14.00 17.50 14.40 20.70 21.00 20.00 15.00 19. 00 15.00 16.70 16.00 15.50 16. 30 18.30 18.60 18.50 17.00 12.80 13.40 14.00 12.40 10.50 6.70 10.00 14.50 6.50 6.60 8.50 12.30 17.10 18.00 16.20 13.70 12.60 12.00 11.50 14.80 7.90 8.00 9.50 14.00 8.50 9.20 9.60 7.90 11.90 9.60 10. 50 DolU. 13. 90 16.00 13. 50 20.00 21.40 20.70 13. 20 18. 00 13. 40 14.00 11.80 14.50 14.20 16. 70 20.00 18.70 18.50 10.70 10.40 11.60 9.60 10.30 6.50 8. 90 9.70 5.70 5.70 7.40 7.50 14.00 14.80 14.60 11.30 12.00 11.10 7.50 12.80 8.90 6.80 8.30 11.70 11.00 9.00 10.00 7.00 12.00 8.30 15. 90 P.ct. 78 88 89 86 85 82 73 70 71 75 74 81 85 87 83 85 85 67 71 75 70 77 72 80 80 78 85 SO 80 77 76 81 85 70 74 70 75 60 70 66 58 67 74 65 59 62 68 48 P.ct. 73 85 85 80 85 84 73 70 69 75 71 80 81 84 83 85 78 63 66 68 67 81 75 80 73 75 82 80 77 71 74 81 80 75 75 73 75 68 70 63 50 67 72 60 55 66 67 54 P.ct. 93 91 95 89 94 92 88 90 89 86 87 88 92 87 85 86 84 92 91 88 85 91 89 91 88 86 90 93 85 93 93 88 89 90 94 86 91 93 98 96 94 100 98 97 98 99 99 100 P.ct. 94 91 94 91 90 91 88 90 88 88 86 87 89 88 86 88 85 86 • 87 ' 88 84 87 85 88 88 82 84 88 86 89 89 86 87 89 85 87 89 92 95 93 88 92 95 96 95 94 96 86 Tons. 1.12 1.11 1.33 1.20 1.18 1.20 1.20 1.33 1.34 1.33 1.30 1.23 1.29 1.30 1.19 1.38 1.30 1.44 1.34 1.25 1.28 1.55 1.56 1.46 1.14 1.29 1.35 1.40 1.28 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.56 1.71 1.41 1.08 1.36 1.86 2.25 2.30 2.54 3.50 2.94 2.91 3.04 2.38 2.23 2.05 Tons. 1.00 1.00 1.28 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.14 1.30 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.31 1.16 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.00 .98 1.05 1.62 1.50 1.48 .60 1.14 1.20 1.34 .90 .87 1.21 1.36 1.33 1.50 1.16 .85 1.20 1.80 1.90 2.05 2.08 4.00 2.33 2.75 2.90 2.30 2.10 1.50 Tom. 1.12 1.11 1.32 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York 1.23 1.17 1.17 1.22 New Jersey Peimsylv;mia Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.30 1.22 1.30 1.44 1.30 1.50 1.36 1.36 1.28 1.25 1.28 1.48 1.54 1.41 1.14 1.27 1.29 1.40 1.30 1.25 1.42 1.59 Mississippi 1.57 1.74 Texas. . 1.41 Oklahoma 1.18 Arkansas 1.40 1.80 AVyoniing 2.18 2.29 New Mexico 2.35 3.27 Utah 2.89 2.57 2.94 Washmgton 2.27 2.11 1.77 United States 12.2 7,832 10,828 12.32 11.13 72. 2 71. 2 90.9 88.1 1.46 1.31 1.40 1 Per cent of 1913 crop. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 17 Table 10.- -Condition of pastures, and percentage of plowing and planting done hij May 1, 1914, and condition of honeybees 1914, with comparisons. State. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina G eorgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska — Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah :... Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States .. Spring pasture, condition May 1. 1914 1913 P,c. 90 87 92 87 86 84 82 86 85 83 85 84 91 84 82 86 84 90 90 87 82 91 87 90 86 SO 88 89 80 89 91 87 89 91 94 So 90 91 98 94 90 92 98 97 97 99 100 101 88. 3 P.c. 90 96 91 93 93 92 89 93 89 91 90 88 85 84 83 85 87 87 89 10- year aver- age. 87.1 P.c 93 85.6 Spring plowing, percentage done by May 1. Spring plant- ing, percentage done by May 1 1914 P.c. 55 32 50 30 40 29 41 52 51 61 59 75 60 76 82 1913 70.9 P.c. 28 35 53 43 52 39 58 68 73 67 68 86 78 81 82 84 90 62 52 45 43 65 68 58 56 46 60 53 62 72 10- year 1914 aver- age. P.c. P.c. 22 3 26 4 38 4 32 12 47 28 37 15 45 9 64 39 71 25 74 30 76 27 81 45 72 36 84 58 85 75 83 74 77 80 66 32 56 37 54 43 44 33 61 43 56 60 63 56 61 50 43 45 61 62 61 52 6S 55 70 40 74 54 81 74 78 72 86 73 90 75 S4 73 76 64 67 59 64 45 67 56 72 61 81 84 75 7S So 70 73 70 77 81 82 76 83 85 66.6 56.4 1913 year aver- P.c. P.c 6 12 16 21 42 Honeybees. Number of colonies comijared with— Last year. 99 96 98 96 99 92 103 103 98 101 100 100 101 103 100 98 103 108 115 100 103 105 105 115 93, 105 115 97 90 110 115 105 95 96 112 110 100 110 110 120 115 110 105 105 130 105 108 93 Usu- al. Condition of bees compared with — Last year. Nor- mal. Condition of nectar plants compared with— Last year. 18 farmers' bulletin 598. Table 11. — Prices to producers of agricultural products May 1, 1914 and 1913. [Cotton in cents per pound; other products, cents per tushcl.] State. Cora. Oats. Barley. Buck- wlieat. Potatoes. Sd^ ! cotton. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1013 Cts. 79 80 77 78 109 SO SO 80 75 72 73 87 87 96 100 95 87 68 64 63 6^ 01 54 59 76 56 57 65 75 82 84 95 83 81 89 84 Cts. 68 70 68 66 100 63 66 66 65 00 61 75 71 84 92 94 93 53 51 51 ■■4 52 45 45 55 49 43 47 52 66 69 84 79 79 69 52 74 58 50 70 100 69 78 75 80 CtB. 58 55 54 50 32 50 49 50 47 60 51 53 50 63 66 64 69 40 3S 37 41 37 32 34 45 30 34 37 45 54 55 66 59 59 50 48 53 39 50 49 60 65 40 52 35 40 38 52 Cts. 50 50 50 49 32 44 44 42 45 40 46 52 51 59 61 63 70 34 33 31 34 33 28 30 39 2j 29 33 39 48 51 59 62 Cts. 80 "87' Cts. 80 90 85 Cts. 61 75 86 86 Cts. 70 75 80 77 Cts. 64 85 77 96 93 89 82 82 85 99 88 99 97 131 119 139 83 84 89 57 52 51 93 101 60 90 101 104 115 118 112 100 119 107 111 75 78 57 110 1!5 60 78 48 42 Cts. 40 73 67 75 76 59 69 53 73 53 74 69 83 145 104 129 52 48 60 32 28 26 49 72 28 36 53 72 65 83 115 105 110 108 89 97 44 70 30 70 m 43 35 30 39 Cts. CU. Cts. Cts. New Hampshire 100 100 83 81 74 70 76 87 78 80 100 71 72 70 "ss' 76 92 73 72 65 60 63 69. 60 67 12.5 11.9 12.6 12.7 12.9 15.0 11.2 11.7 11 7 Florida 14.0 Ohio 61 53 51 57 53 44 49 60 61 45 62 50 42 51 76 85 100 67 72 70 73 65' 81 85 67 64 60 85 110 129 138 120 120 136 125 120 124 138 116 130 120 112 117 117 1-/5 11.5 9.5 37 45 51 55 62 82 36 42 41 40 70 85 Tennessee 75 73 12.3 12.7 12.5 11.9 11.6 11.9 54 43 43 52 41 38 39 40 70 44 58 34 41 42 52 34.2 11.8 11.6 10.9 11.3 11.8 Texas 75 60 45 11.5 Oklahoma,. . 11 2 11.7 65 70 59 "67" 57 71 47 55 55 56 49.3 49 70 51 44 75 52 86 50 45 56 63 48.3 113 68 100 115 70 112 76 76 69 89 Utah . . 37 S 20 65 42 1 i 1 1 77.3 71.4 United states 72.1 56.8 .39.5 71.4 48.2 134. 7 114. 3 12.2 11.6 THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 19 Table 12. — Prices to producers of agricultural jxroducts on dates indicated. [Butter, chickens, and wool, in cents per pound; eggs, cents per dozen; livestock, dollars per ICO pounds.] State. Maine New Hampshire . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New \ork New Jersej- Pennsylvania Delaware Mainland Virginia "West Virginia North CaroUna. . . South Carolina... Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana IlUnois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nel)raska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alal>ama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana AVyoniing Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States. May 1. Butter. Eggs. Chickens. 23.8 Cts. 31 32 35 36 38 38 33 36 33 2 28 25 26 24 26 25 35 26 24 26 1913 Cts 22 23 20 26 21 25 20 21 18 IS 17 16! 18! 16; 20 18 22' 17 16 16j 18 17 16' 16i 16 14 15 15i 15j 15 15 16 15 1 14l 15 18' 19{ 191 1914 1913 Cts. Cts. 20 15.0 20 15.9 13.8 17.6 17. 17.2 16.0 17.1 14.8 14.5 16.1 15.0 13.4 12.5 15.0 13.7 16.0 13.2 12. 12.2 12.8 12.5 11.0 10.7 12.2 10.2 9.3 10.6 10.7 12.0 12.0 12.5 12.5 12.9 10.0 13 10.4 14 10.8 22 1.3.0 20 11. 18j 12.8 19' 1.3.8 17.0 13.1 22.0 19 10.1 19 14.6 20 13.9 18 15.0 16.8 16.1! 12.5 Cts 14. 15.2 13.4 17.5 18.0 17.0 15.0 17.4 14.0 16.0 16.0 14. 4 12.2 11.0 12.7 12.7 15.6 12.5 11.7 11.7 12.1 11.7 10.2 10.4 11.5 10.0 9.0 10.1 10.4 11.4 11.6 11. S 11.8 12.8 9.0 10.0 10.0 13.9 12.3 13.0 12.2 15.4 13.5 22.5 Apr. 15. Hogs. 1914 $7.90 9.20 7.90 8.70 9.60 9.60 8.00 9.0O 8.70 8.60 8.10 7.00 8.00 S.OO 7.80i 1913 11 14.2 12 13.9 11. S 58.00 8.50 7.90 9.10 8.30 8.50 8.20 8, 8.50 8.80 8.50 7.80 8.00 7.70 7.60 7.80; 7.10 6. 10 5. 60 8. 30; 8. 70 8. 40 8. 70 8.10 8.50 8.10 S.OO 7.80 8.10 7.80 7.20 7.60 7.90 7.90 7.80 7.30 7.20 6.40 6.50 7.30 7.60 6.40 7. CO 7.70 7.70 7.90 7.70 7.10 8.90 .50 7. .50 S.OO 8.50 8.30 8.10 8.50 8.10 7.40 8.00 8.20 8.30 7.80 7.10 7.00 6.20 5.40 7.30 8.00 6.20 7.90 7.40 7.90 8.10 7.50 7.30 8.90 7.50 8.10 7.70 7.20 7.94 Beef cattle. Veal <3..,„^„ calves. Sneep. $7.00 7.60 5.50 6.90 8.50 6.60 5.40 7.50 7.40 6.40 7.20 6.30 6.60 5.00 4.70 4.50 4.70 7.10 7.00 7.00 6.40 5.70 6.00 7.40 6.90 S7. 60 $7. 80 S8. 40 6. 90 8. 50 8. 10 5.00 7.40 7.00 6.00 9.10 9.00 6.8010.00 8.30 1914 $4.50 5.90 3.90 1913 $4.20 5.70 4.10 8.OO1IO.OO1 9.00 6.00 4.30 4.60 5.80 4.80 6.90 7.20 6.10 6.50 6. 00 6.00 9.70 8.80 9.70 8.90 8.20 8.00 4.40 6.00 4.30 5.50 4.10 4.20 7.00 6.70 6.80 6.40 6.00 5.90 7.40 6.90 5.70 5.30 6.60 6.40 7.001 6.90 7. lOl 7. 10 6.40 6.00 5.70 5.10 4.30 4.40 5.10 5.70 3.50 3.80 4.10 5.20 6.10 5.90 4. 90 4. 20 6. 30| 6. 70 6.901 S-'^O 6.90 6.50 6.50 5.90 6. 20 6. 00 6. 10 6. 00 6. so] 8.00 6. 50 6. 10 6. 80 6. 70 6. 70 6. 80 6. 8O] 6. .50 6.29, 6.08 9.50 8.60 10.00 7.40 4.80 6.00 5.40 5.40 9.50 5.50 4. 7.90 4.70 4.60 7. 90 4. 70 4 5.40 4.20 4.90 5. 401 5. 10, 5. 10 5.40 5.OOI 4.50 4.30 5. 90i 5. 20 8. .50 8.60 7. SO 7. 70 8.20 7.()0 8.20 7.80 7.50 8.20 7.60 8.20 7.50 7.40 7.:30 7.30 6. OOl 6. 10 4.70 5.20 4.50 4.60 4. 70 5. 10 4.90 5.40 4. 70i 5. 20 4. 70 5. 00 5.00 5.30 4. 70 5. 00 7. 50 6. 60 4. 70 7. 60] 7. 10 5. 00 8.40 7.90 8. lOj 7. 70 7. 501 6. 80 6. 50 6. 00 5. 10 4. 70 5.50 4 6.30 4.00 6.30 6.30 5.70 5.90 5.30I 6.20 4.OOI 4.00 3. .SO 3 3. SO 4.00 4.00 3.90 5.90 4.00 4.90 4.40 7. 50 6. 90 5. 10 5. 20 6. 40! 5. 70 3. so' 3. 80 8.80; 8.00; 5. OOi 6.00 10.00 9.00| 5.80 5.80 8.70 8.80 5.50 6.00 7.60 7.001 5.50 7.20 7.50 4.20 8. 40 10. 00 5. 20 8. 10 10. 00 5. OO 7.50 7.90 7.50 7.40 3.90 4.20 5.60 5.50 8. 30 4. 50 5. 40 8. 60! 5. 401 5, 8. 20] 5. 101 5. 20 7. 20 5. 00- 5. 30 7.68] 7. 3Si 4.96 5.16 Wool. 1914 ! 1913 Cts 19 17 IS Cts. 21 21 19 25 22 18 20 18 23 20 19 22 20 2;} 20 23 19 21 15 14 19 21 21 20 IS 15 20 16 IS 17 19 IS 19 16.8 17.7 20 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 598. Table 13. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Products. Hogs per 100 pounds. Beef cattle do. . . Veal calves do. . Sheep do. . , Lambs do.. Milch cows per head Horses do.. Honey, comb per pound Apples per bushel Peanuts per poiuid Beans (ch'y) per bushel Sweet potatoes do. . Cabbages per 100 pounds Onions per bushel AVool, unwashed, .per pound Clover seed per bushel Timothy seed do.. Alfalfa seed do.. Broom corn per ton Cotton seed do. . Maple sugar per pound Maple sirup per gallon Hops .per pound Paid by farmers: Bran per ton Clover seed per bushel Timothy seed do. . Alfalfa seed do. . April 15. .29 .68 96 47 60 00 137 37 049 11 92 23 60 168 06 28 77 00 17 125 10 206 28.50 9.84 2.95 8.17 1913 1912 S7.94 6.08 7.38 5.16 6. .59 55.34 .48. 00 .141 .85 .048 2.11 .94 1.15 .79 .177 11.00 1.74 8.36 58.00 21.89 .1.30 1.10 .150 24.69 12.90 2.43 9.99 29.73 .17 74. 00 26.12 .182 25.48 204.00 .204 26.58 May 15. 1913 1912 24.59 12.90 2.40 9.75 30.18 March 15. 1914 1913 1912 27.58 9.45 2.97 8.01 24.96 12.30 2.33 9.78 $5.94 4.75 6.11 4.12 5.38 44.00 140.00 .139 1.04 .050 2.42 1.02 2.88 1.67 .169 12.89 7.33 99.00 18.21 .111 1.05 .401 29.15 Table 14. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. Products and markets. Wheat per bushel : No. 2 red winter, St. Louis ... No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter, New York i Corn per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mi.xed, New York ' Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, Chicago Hops per pound: Choice, New York.. AVool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston Best tub washed, St. Louis Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per pound: Creamery, extra. New York Creamery , extra, Elgin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh, New York . . . . Average best fresh, St. Louis Cheese per pound: Colored,'^ New York May 1, 1914. .94 -$0. .941- .04-1. .70 - .67 - .\pril, 1914. .40 .37 .63 . 00 -16. .39 .22 .30 8. 25 - 8. 35 .2.54- .23'- .23 - .ISi- ,13J . 92 -$0. .92^- . .03-1. .68^ .04 - .71 - .38i- .37 - . .60 i. 00 -17. .39 .22 .29 90 955 .05 .71J .694 8. 00 - 8. 95 .24|- .23^- .20 - .17 - .16J March, 1914. . 92 -SO. .92J- .05-1 .65 - .63 - .681- .371- . 50 -16. ,42 April, 1913. 8. 20 - 9. 00 .244- .25'- .21 - . 17^- 81. 04 -$1. 121 1.02 - 1.09i 1. 12 - 1. 154 . 54 - 60^ . 54 - .57 .57i- .64 .32J- .35 . 34 - . 351 . 60 - .04 14.00 -17.00 . 21 - .23 .21 - .23§ . 28 - ,33 .301- .37 . 30 - . 35 .20 -• .15J- .15-1- .i6f April, 1912. . 02 -SI. 21 .99 - 1.17 . 06i- 1. 23J - . 76 - .83 .74 - .81i .79i- .801 . 55 - .59 .544- .581 .91'- .96i . 00 -26. 00 .40- .55 .204- .21 .30"- .33 ,60 .05 .30^ .35J . 30 - .32 .21 - .25 .17^ .191 ,15J- .191 1 F. o. b. afloat. - September colored- August. -September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored — THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 21 EQUIVALENT IN YIELD PER ACRE OF 100 PER CENT CONDITION ON JUNE 1. Table 15. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on June 1 in each State. states and Territories. Winter wheat. Spring wheat. Oats. Barley. Rye. Hay. Cotton. Bushels. Bushels. 26.0 Bushels. 40.0 38.0 41.0 37.0 32.0 34.0 35.0 34.0 35.0 35.0 32.0 24.5 27.5 21.0 25.5 23.0 20.0 40.0 36.0 40.0 36.0 38.0 36.0 36.0 32.0 31.0 31. 30.0 .34.0 26.0 25.0 22.0 22.5 24.5 39.0 3.5.0 27.0 48.0 37. 5 42.0 37.0 45.0 48.0 45.0 47.0 50. 38.0 41.0 Bushels. 30.0 28.0 33.0 Bu.shcls. Tons. 1.18 1.21 1.40 1.32 1.24 1.30 1.33 1.60 1.55 1.65 1.60 1..50 1.50 1..55 1.40 1.65 1.55 1.65 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.60 1.60 1.55 1.45 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.45 1.45 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.80 1.50 1.25 1. .50 1.90 2.25 2.40 2.70 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.10 2.40 2.25 2.05 Pounds. 26.0 19.5 18.5 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut 20.0 19.1 18.8 18.0 16.0 16.7 14.0 14.0 11.0 11.5 10.6 New York 22.5 19.5 19.0 18.0 17.5 13.7 14.4 11.6 12.9 12.6 29.0 Pennsylvania 28.5 32.0 30.0 250 West Virginia 285 South Carolina 280 240 145 Ohio 19. 9 19.0 19.8 10.7 22.0 31.0 30.5 31.0 28.5 30.0 27.0 28.0 27.0 23.0 24.0 24.5 23.0 29.0 28.5 19.0 18.0 19.5 16.7 19.0 21.5 20.0 17.0 19.2 19.5 18.5 17.5 1.5.0 13.3 12.7 Illinois Michigan 19.5 16.5 17.2 Iowa 24.8 18.0 Missouri 350 North Dakota 12.5 13.5 1.5.5 15.0 South Dakota Nebraska 22.5 19.0 14.5 12.7 13.4 14.9 Kansas Kentucky Tennessee 247 Alabama 225 Mississippi 240 Louisiana 230 Texas 16.4 17.0 13.1 29.0 30.0 27.0 24.3 32.0 25.3 25.3 30.2 28.4 24.6 20.5 30.0 30.0 36.'6' 33.0 38.0 34. 41.0 42.0 41.0 43.0 42.0 36. 5 33. 17.5 15.0 12.7 23.0 22.0 19.5 212 220 Oklahoma 240 Montana 26.0 28. 26.5 24.0 27.0 30.0 31.0 28.0 21.0 20.0 Colorado New Me.xico Arizona Utah 19.5 ■ Nevada Idaho 23.0 22.0 17.8 19.0 "Washington Oregon California United States. . .. 19.5 1.5.3 35. 4 28.6 18.4 1.62 231.9 o U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. June 23, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Page. General rcA-iew of crop conditions, June 1, 1914 1 Crop conditions in Florida and California 8 Outlook for the 1914 foreign wheat crop 8 Progress of the world's wheat harvest 10 Trend of prices of farm products H Acreage, condition, and forecast of specified crops (tables) 12 The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on July 1 21 Cotton condition May 25 22 Apple movement, 1913 23 GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS, JUNE 1, 1914. The composite condition of all crops of the United States on June 1 was about 2.2 per cent above their 10-year average condition on that date. Last year the June 1 condition of all crops was 1.2 per cent below the 10-year average, but prospects declined as the season advanced, the November, or final, reports last year being 6.7 per cent below the 10-year average. Consequently, present conditions are about 9.5 per cent better than the outturn of crops last year. TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF JULY CROP REPORTS. The Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), Department of Agriculture, will issue on Wednesday, July 1, at 1 p. m. (eastern time), a report upon the acreage in cotton this year, and the condition of the cotton crop on June 25. On Wednesday, July 8, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), the bureau will issue a summary of the acreage, condition on July 1, and forecast of corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rice, flax, and tobacco; the condition and forecast of winter wheat, spring wheat, oats, and 1)arley; the condition of rye, hay, and apples; and the amount of wheat on farms on July 1. A supplemental report will be issued upon the following crops: The acreage, com- pared with last year, of sweet potatoes and sorghum; the average weight per fleece of wool; the condition on July 1 of timothy, clover, alfalfa, millet, Kafir corn, pasture, blue-grass for seed, tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans (dry), lima beans, peaches, grapes, pears, blackberries, raspberries, watermelons, cantaloupes, oranges, lemons, pineapples, limes, grapefruit, hemp, broom corn, sugar cane, sorghum, sugar beets, hops, and peanuts. Details by States for all crops investigated will be published in the July Agri- cultural Outlook. 48538°— Bull. 604—14 1 2 FARMEKS' BULLETIN 604. North Atlantic States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were 102.2 per cent of the average, being 105.0 in Pennsylvania, 103.1 in Rhode Island, 102.9 in New Jersey and Maine, 102.7 in New Hampshire, 102.0 in Massachusetts, 100.6 in New York, 100.3 in Vermont, and 98.7 in Connecticut. The month of May was generally cold, with light showers during the first half, delaying planting and germination of spring crops. The latter half was favorable, with a tendency toward droughty con- ditions toward the end, a condition relieved by early June rains. Conditions have been favorable for winter grains. The dry weather toward the close of the month was too late to injure wheat and rye, and the Hessian fly, reported fi'om many sections, will probably do little damage because of the advanced growth and vigorous condition of wheat. The backward, wet spring, delaying farming operations, shortened somewhat the acreage of oats and barley. Although spring grains are short in acreage and a little late, condition generally is fair to good. Apple trees blossomed very heavily during a period of warm, dry weather, very favorable to activity of bees and other pollenizing insects, except in Pennsylvania, where some wet weather interfered. Insect pests are killing many old orchards in New England, and dam- age from tent caterpillars was common from Maine to New York. Peach blossoms were largely winterkilled throughout most of the North Atlantic States, and prospects for crop are very poor. Injury to peaches and pears was less severe in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Severe winter injured new meadows, but ample moisture, until recently, gave veiy good condition notwithstanding. Clover condi- tion is fine. Alfalfa is increasingly popular and its cultivation is extending, even into Maine in an experimental way. Pastures have been good until lately. Vegetables are backward. Berry plants suffered somewhat from winterkill. South Atlantic States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were about 96.4 per cent of average, being 106.4 in Maryland, 106.1 in West Virginia, 103.9 in Delaware, 98.8 in Georgia, 96.7 in Virginia, 95.9 in Florida, 93.3 in North Carolina, and 91.2 in South Carolina. The weather has been extremely dry, practically no rain having fallen smce early May in the more northerly States of the group, and none since the middle of April in Georgia. Recent rains have occurred in the northern portion of the group, greatly relieving con- ditions there. Wheat and other faU-planted cereals have been Httle injured, but the late-sown grains have suffered and in some counties in the south- ern States of the group are almost a faUme. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 Tlie forage crops have been injured from Maryland to North C^aro- Hna and are very poor farther south. Late rains in the former States have somewhat improved the situation. Farther south the important hay crop — cowpeas— is not yet planted. Alfalfa is reporte4 fah, though in need of moisture. xipples show a fine outlook, and a heavy yield is indicated in Mary- land and North C'arolina, and a good crop in South Carolina and Georgia. The peach crop promise is excellent, with a bumper crop indicated in West Virginia and a very large one in Georgia. The pear crop in Maryland, Delaware, and Yhginia was injured by late frost, and indicates a light yield. Despite droughty conditions, melons promise an average production in Maryland, but a poorer one farther south. West Vhginia has suffered httle from drought, and conditions there are generally reported excellent. For the date of May 25, the reports are that cotton planting was somewhat delayed by the late sprmg and subsequently the onset of droughty conditions interfered with the completion of plantmg and the late-planted seed was in many instances reported as dormant, awaiting rain. The cool nights and extremely dry weather, no rain having fallen for from four to six weeks in most of the area, have re- sulted in small growth. The plant, while small, appeal's to be strong and healthy and the dry weather has permitted clean cultivation of the fields. Practically all of the cotton that is up has been chopped; further development waits on needed moisture. North Central States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were 103.8 per cent of average; being 122.9 in Kansas, 111.3 in Nebraska, 106.5 in Michigan, 105.4 in South Dakota, 104.8 in Wisconsin, 103.6 in Minnesota, 103.5 in Ohio, 103 in Indiana, 100.8 in Iowa, 100 in North Dakota, 92.9 in Illinois, and 92.2 in jVlissouri. The cool, wet spring continued into May in the northern tier of States. Ample moisture is reported in the Dakotas, Mmnesota, and Wisconsin. Elsewhere the need of rain was beginning to be felt at the close of the month, especially in central and southwestern Ohio, southern Indiana, tliroughout Illinois and Missouri, and most of Kansas. In these States west of the Mississippi conditions are excep- tionally fine, except in Missouri. The cool, moist weather has been ex- tremely beneficial to cereals and forages and the fair weather with occasional showers, in the last half of the month, favorable to farm work and rapid plant germination and growth. The condition of winter wheat in this grand division is exception- ally good, excluding Illinois and Missouri, where drought and insects have done considerable damage. Throughout the area the crop 4 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 604. seems assured and in the southern portion the harvest is now in progress. The Hessian fly is reported principally in southwestern Ohio, south- ern Indiana, southern and southwestern Illinois, and throughout Missouri, and extends into southwestern Iowa, southeastern Ne- braska and northeastern Kansas. While the damage from this pest is considerable, the condition of the crop in most of the States enu- merated continues to range from good to phenomenal, being particu- larly fine (98 per cent) in Kansas. Chinch bugs and also army worms are reported from southwestern Illinois and from Missouri. These pests, with the lack of moisture in Missouri and southern Illinois last year and the deficiency during the present season, have reduced the crop there to about an average. Spring-wheat plantings were delayed and the acreage slightly reduced by the cold, wet spring. Some sections in the spring- wheat belt are decreasing the acreage in favor of feed crops to care for the rapidly increasing number of live stock. The coolness was favorable to root development and the fine growing weather of the last half of the month has allowed the plant to develop rapidly to a condition above the average, while the ample ground moisture gives good promise for its future. Oats were generally seeded late, but have made very satisfactory progress because of the same reasons favoring spring wheat. The shortage of moisture in the southern portion of these States has reduced the condition there. But oats have not suffered so severely as wheat in Missouri and Illinois. A tendency to decrease barley acreage because of low jjrices was partly offset by the late spring, which compelled the planting of a quick-maturing crop. Its increase in North Dakota is for stock feed, particularly in sections unfavorable to corn. It has prospered Avith the other cereals by reason of the favorable growing weather. Rye is generally late but good. Apples promise a good crop in the States east of the Mississippi, having blossomed freely. Some injury was suffered in Indiana and Illinois from a late freeze. An unusual crop is promised in Michigan. Conditions west of the river are unfavorable, the vitality of the trees having been greatly reduced by last year's drought. The trees also suffered there from late spring frost. Insect injuries are reported, particularly in Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. The peaches do not promise well, being cut short by the late frost; southern Kansas alone reports good prospects. Hay in the southern portions of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois has suffered from need of rain. In the northern tier of States it is reported as fine, but in the remaining prairie States and in Missouri it is some- what thin and weedy because of damage from last year's drought THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 and overpasturing, this being particularly true of the native wild prairie grasses which are the principal dependence for hay in some of these States. Much new clover was winterkilled in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois^ but in the dairy belt of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota the new planting did very well and acreage is increasing. Alfalfa acreage is increasing rapidly throughout this grand division. Its condition is generally reported as favorable, except where suffering from lack of rain. Vegetables are backward, but otherwise give satisfactory promise. Soutli Central States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were about 98.7 per cent of average, being 108.9 in Mississippi, 104.6 in Alabama and Kentucky, 102.2 in Louisiana, 101.6 in Oklahoma, 99.7 in Arkansas, 97.1 in Tennessee, and 86.5 in Texas. The States east of the Mississippi have all suffered from dry weather, practically no rain having fallen during May and in many cases since mid- April. West of the river, conditions are reversed, Texas having suffered severely from excessive rains. There is some ftxcess of moisture in northern, and deficiency in southern, Louisiana. In Arkansas, moisture conditions are generally satisfactory, with some excess in the southwest. Southern Oklahoma has had an excess of moisture. The unusual rainfall has been very beneficial in the west- ern portions of Oklahoma and Texas, where a deficiency is the rule. The temperature over the entire South Central division was unusually cold during the first part of the month. Reports for May 25 state that the cotton plant has not made sat- isfactory growth in this grand division, partly because of the cold, wet spring. Tliis delayed plantings somewhat east of the Mississippi River; and in some portions west of the river, owing to continued excessive precipitation, perhaps 30 per cent of the intended acreage was still to be planted on May 25. The cool weather of the first half of May has continued to retard the growth of the plant in all sections, and the dry weather east of the river has delayed germination of much of the late-planted seed. The plant in the eastern sections, while small and about 10 days late, appears to be strong and healthy and the stand, while somewhat imperfect in Alabama and Tennessee, is very satisfactory in Mississippi, particularly in the delta lands and the northern portion of the State. West of the river the plant is from two to four v/eeks late, and from central Texas and Oklahoma to southwestern Arkansas and northwestern Louisiana much replantuig has been necessary, o^ving both to the rotting of seed because of unfavorable weather conditions and to the low vitality of the seed itself, which suffered from adverse conditions at harvest time last year. In this portion of the cotton belt the fields are foul with weeds, involving a vast amount of future work to rescue the crop and nee- 6 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 604. essarily interferiiig seriously with the completion of planting and the necessary replanting where the crop has been killed out. Should dry weather follow in this belt, the abundant soil moisture may prove an asset of great value in view of the tendency to summer droughts in the States affected. The last few days of the period (report relating to May 25) in the States west of the Mississippi River were favorable, with warmth and sunsliine, and great activity was witnessed in the cotton fields. The conditions in the western portions of Texas and Oklahoma are exceptionally favorable, the unusual moisture being a blessing for those sections. The wheat crop (report relating to June 1) matured in fine condition east of the Mississippi River in time to escape injury from the dry weather. The crop in Texas is also reported as fine, notwithstanding the excessive rains, and it is an extra fine crop in the northwestern portion of the State. The condition in Oklahoma is reported as almost ideal, with ample rainfall and little insect damage. There are a few reports of rust. Conditions in Arkansas are not so good, some insects being reported and some complaint being made of dryness in the wheat section. The winter oats east of the Mississippi River are in fair condition, especially the early fall sown, but the spring sowings are poor, owing to dry weather. Similar conditions exist in Arkansas. In Texas the acreage is somewhat reduced by winter killing of the fall-sown crop and the condition is somewhat lowered by excessive moisture. There is some rust. In Oklahoma the condition of oats is generally good, but not equal to that of wheat, and the acreage is restricted by the big wheat and hay acreage in that State. East of the Mississippi River the hay crop has suffered, although early cuttings were very good. Much of the hay in this section (cow- peas particularly), follow oats and other early crops, and owing to the dry condition of the soil, planting is being delayed. The condi- tion in Arkansas and Louisiana is very good, but in Oklahoma, while the growth is fine, the meadows are very weedy on account of last year's drought. An increase in clover and alfalfa acreage in northera and central Alabama and Mississippi is noted, many farmers having abandoned cotton for these forage crops. Alfalfa in Oklahoma was set back by freezes and the first cutting was poor. Tree fruits are good to poor, having suffered from late freezes. The dry weather has done little damage. The peach crop, accord- ing to the reports, wiU be very small, except in isolated sections. Satisfactory crops of early vegetables were secured, but the late crops are suffering from lack of rain east of the Mississippi River and from excessive rain in Texas, In Oklahomii, Arkansas, and Louisiana, vegetables are good, being favored by sufficient moisture THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 in most sections. BeiTies are generally poor, having suffered from freezes or drought. The acreage of sugar cane has been very markedly reduced generally ixi the commercial sugar-producing sections. The condition is poor, owing to cold and dry weather, except in Texas, where the small acreage shows a good condition. Western States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were about 106 per cent of average, being 114.1 in California, 108.2 in Colo- rado, 107 in New Mexico, 105.9 in Utah, 104.5 in Nevada, 103.8 in Oregon, 103.4 in Idaho, 103.2 in Wyoming, 102.6 in Arizona, 100.4 in Washington, and 98.9 in Montana. The Rocky Mountain States have been blessed with an unusual amount of moisture as a result of heavy snows and late wmter rams. The weather is frequently mentioned as ideal. The irrigated sections have ample water supplies impounded, and the areas devoted to dry- land crops have exceptional supphes of gi'ound moisture. This con- dition has resulted in increasing the acreage devoted to dry-land crops. The growing weather has been good, particularly for grains. Fruits and tender plants have been somewhat injured by late frosts* Winter wheat is generally very good. Some sections of Montana have had dry weather, %vith some resulting deterioration to the plant, but elsewhere moisture is ample and prospects are for fine and ex- ceptional crops. The spring- wheat acreage is increased, owing to favorable conditions for planting and the advantage of an tmusual supply of ground moisture in the dry-land areas. The condition is recorded generally as very good to excellent. The oat acreage is also increased and the condition is superior for the same reasons. This is true also of barley and rye. The value of barley as a staple feed crop for live stock in the States of high altitude or latitude with a short growing season is being more and more recognized. The hay crop throughout this grand division is reported as extra good, this applying to both the seeded forage crops — clover and alfalfa — and to the native grasses on the open range. Grass is superabundant. Clover acreage is increasing rapidly in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, both for forage and seed production. Colorado promises one of the finest apple crops in the State's history, with like favorable prospects for peaches and pears. Fruit prospects for all the remaining States of this gi^and division are above average. Some damage has been suffered from late frosts, but this is offset by bumper crop prospects in other sections. The condition of the hardy vegetables is reported as fine, but the tender plants have suffered generally from frosts. The condition of sugar beets is almo&t normal, or 99 per cent. PAEMEES BULLETIN 604. GENERAL SUMMARY CONDITIONS, BY CROPS. Ta3le 1. — Condition of the various crops on June 1, expressed in percentages of their lb-year averages {not the normal), on June 1. Winter wheat. 114. 7 Apples 110.8 Alfalfa 108.6 Sugar beets 106.5 Barley 106.0 Hemp 104.8 Pears 104. 7 Kye 104.3 Peaches 104.2 Raspberries 103. 7 Cantaloupes 102.6 Spring wheat 102. Lima beans 101.7 Hay (all) 101. 5 Oats 101.0 Blackberries 100. 5 Pasture 99.8 Onions 98. 3 Cabbages 97.5 Watermelons 96. 6 Sugar cane 95. 5 Clover 95.0 Cotton 92.4 Average, all 102.2 FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 2. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. Florida. California. Crop. Condition June 1— Condition Condition June 1— Condition 1914 1913 1912 May 1. 1914 1913 1912 Mayl. 75 82 90 90 94 •90 90 85 87 80 S3 89 83 80 95 Oranges 92 87 70 60 90 88 95 92 86 84 72 7o 76 68 96 82 eo 45 80 80 95 96 80 55 85 80 85 80 95 96 80 65 92 85 86 65 71 82 84 60 73 87 55 77 87 89 91 91 85 88 92 85 88 Pears Apricots 80 89 Walnuts 82 78 72 85 86 88 89 76 90 91 82 93 87 1 Production compared with a full crop. OUTLOOK FOR TRE 1914 FOREIGN WHEAT CROP. In early June prospects for the Northern Hemisphere wheat crop were, excepting a few countries, fully normal. In Asiatic countries immediately north of the equator, notably southern China, British India, and Persia, wheat harvesting was finished. The yield of British India is officially estimated at 313,000,000 bushels, against 358,000,000 bushels in 1913, a decrease of 45,000,000 bushels. Unoffi- cially the Persian crop is put at 14,000,000 Imshels, a deficient yield compared with that of the previous year. In countries along the north coast of Africa, next in harvest suc- cession, prospects as a whole are less promising than a year ago. The Egyptian wheat, though good in general, has been injured in the Province of Menufia by storms and in upper Eg}q)t is reported below average. In the eastern and coast regions of Algeria drought in March did much irreparable damage, but in other regions the plants THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 wore widely revived by April rains. Prolonged drought has also seriously affected the small crop of Tunis. Throughout the Continent of Europe wheat seems in general to have made the progress toward maturity to be expected at this season, notwithstanding wide-spread apprehension at times of deterioration in some countries from lack of sufficient rainfall and unseasonably low temperatures. In the United Kingdom the former fine prospect was reported in late May as well maintained, though cool weather was then retarding growth and rain was needed in some places. The total area under winter and spring wheat in France on May 1 has been officially returned as 16,045,000 acres, as compared with 16,175,000 acres last year and 16,179,000 in 1912. The month of May was characterized by violent changes of weather, and it is now reahzed that a satisfactory outcome of the French crop depends upon continuous favorable weather until after harvest. In Spain, Italy, and Portugal the ripening grain gives general promise of bountiful yields, excepting in southern Italy, Sardinia, and Sicily, where drought is said to have seriously curtailed the output. The States of north-central and south-central Europe, as a whole, report prospects about normal. In the Scandinavian countries, Germany, and Austria vegetation is somewhat backward, because of dry and cool weather, but no actual damage has resulted. In Hungary, the former discouraging outlook for a full crop shows considerable improvement compared with a month ago, and in Roumania the fears aroused by a prolonged drought have been dis- sipated by general rains. The Roumanian wheat area has been officially returned at 4,832,000 acres, compared with 4,011,000 acres in 1913 and 5,114,000 in 1912; a fair yield on the present acreage now seems assured. The scant reports from the Balkan States indicate conditions of growth differing in no important respect from those of ordinary years. A semiofficial report from Russia states that the condition of winter wheat there was "good" in 66, and spring wheat "good" in 65, out of 72 governments. Late in May copious rain feU in nearly aU districts; the benefit to crops, which in some places were beginning to show the effects of drought, was inestimable. The total area under grain in Canada is provisionally returned as follows: Wheat, 11,203,800 acres, or 188,800 acres more than in 1913; oats, 10,811,000 acres, compared with 10,434,000 acres last year; barley, 1,604,000 acres, or 9,000 acres less than a year ago; and rye, 111,070 acres, against 119,300 acres in 1913. The condition of spring wheat June 1 was 93, winter wheat, 79. 48538°— Bull. 604—14 2 10 FAEMEES^ BULLETIN 604. PROGRESS OF THE WORLD'S WHEAT HARVEST. The proportion of the world wheat crop which is harvested each month has been estimated in the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) to be approximately as follows: Table 3. — Wheat harvested each month, per cent and millions of bushels. Month. January . February March . . . April May June July Per cent. Million bushels. 187 38 113 262 150 562 1,312 Month. August September. October . . . November. December.. Total Per cent. 100 Million bushels. (1) 113 3,750 1 Less then 1 per cent — practically none. The proportion of the crop harvested in any month varies from year to year according as the season is early or late, and also as the yield is relatively large or small in the different latitudes. The figures given are merely approximations; the percentages have been applied to the average yearly world production of the past five years, in round numbers, to obtain the quantities harvested. From the figures shown it appears that the world harvest season begins in December, when operations start in Australia and South America, enlarge in January, and practically end in February. India then commences, and increases in activity through March and April. In April harvesting operations begin in such countries as Persia, Asia Minor, and Mexico. In May activity is lessened, for then the Indian harvest has been about completed and the harvest season is crossing the Mediterranean from north Africa to southern Europe, where harvests do not become general until June. In June, July, and August, about 75 per cent of the crop is harvested, the season progressing steadily northward during these months. By September harvest operations are nearly completed; Scotland, northern Russia and Siberia, and Canada having a little left over from August. Prac- tically no harvesting of wheat is done in October, and very little in November. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops increased about 2.1 per cent durmg May; in the past six years the price level has increased during May 3.5 per cent; thus, the increase this year is less than usual. Since December 1 the index figure of crop prices has advanced 4.6 per cent; during the same period a year ago the advance was 9.9 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 per cent, and the average for the past six yeai-s has been an advance of 15.0 per cent. On May 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 14.5 per cent higlier than a year ago, but 17.5 per cent lower than two years ago and 0.1 per cent lower than the average of the past six years on June 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals decreased 1.4 per cent during the month from April 15 to May 15, which compares with a decrease of 3.7 per cent in the same period a year ago, an increase of 1.5 per cent two years ago, a decrease of 4.5 per cent three years ago, and a decrease of 4.8 per cent four years ago. From December 15 to May 15 the advance in prices for meat animals has been 6.5 per cent; whereas during the same period a year ago the advance was 10.3 per cent, and two years ago 19.1 per cent, while tlii'ee years ago there was a decline in price of 10.8 per cent during this period. On May 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.29 per 100 pounds, which is 3.1 per cent higher than the prevailing price a year ago, 14.1 per cent higher than two years ago, 31.7 per cent higher than three years ago, and 1.0 per cent lower than four years ago on May 15. A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 18-20. NOTES. Early in May, 1914, transportation charges on corn from Argentina to Chicago were reported as follows: Ocean freight, Argentina to Montreal, 7^ cents per bushel; transfer at Montreal from ocean vessels to local steamers, 2 cents; freight by water, Montreal to Chicago, 2^ cents, making a total of 12 cents per bushel. The freight rates by water fluctuate with changes in demand and supply of vessels and of available cargo. The average production of wheat per capita in the United States in 1911-1913 was 7.4 bushels; in 1891-1893 it was 7.8 bushels. 12 farmers' bulletin 604. Table 4. — Wheat: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price, June 1, with comparisons. Winter wheat. 'Spring wheat. All wheat. State. Condition Jime 1. Con- di- tion May 1, 1914. Fore- cast 1914 from condi- tion. Five- year aver- age 1909- 1913, final esti- mates. Acreage. Condition Junel. Fore- cast 1914 from cond i- tion. Five- year aver- age 1909- 1913. final esti- mates. Price June 1. 1914 Ten- year aver- age. Per cent of 1913. Total, 1914. 1914 Ten- year aver- age. 1914 Five- year aver- age. P.c. P.c. P.c. Bu. (000 om Bu. itted.) P.c. 97 93 Acres.'^ 3 1 P.c. 97 85 P.c. 98 96 Bu. Bu. (000 omitted.) 76 77 22 24 Cts. 100 110 98 98 97 100 96 100 100 111 126 115 92 92 88 93 84 84 81 86 81 81 77 81 98 101 126 92 89 83 91 70 76 77 96 150 79 101 71 76 79 97 Cts. Vermont 122 95 87 93 94 93 88 92 89 82 88 91 90 82 92 92 89 91 80 86 90 89 89 89 89 87 88 82 86 78 77 78 78 87 88 81 95 93 94 94 94 95 95 92 88 90 96 98 97 92 89 89 95 99 7,695 1,340 2.^,183 1,929 9,960 9, .391 3,126 6,308 846 1,552 37, 848 42,494 41, 824 15,931 1,759 'io.'sio 36, 706 6,793 1,475 21,290 1,817 9,290 9,171 2,952 5,936 760 1,382 29, 238 30, 668 33, 640 14,220 1,591 2 810 6,272 31,048 107 New Jersey 111 Pennsylvania.. 107 109 109 Virgin ux West Virginia. 113 112 120 123 Georgia Ohio 128 108 106 101 Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota 106 96 97 96 99 4,026 331 93 96 95 93 93 94 1,795 63, 772 5,408 1,719 59,859 5,548 97 98 93 103 North Dakota. 97 95 98 115 7,285 3,491 343 63 94 98 97 96 94 94 88 76 85,59S 46, 1S.5 5, 157 907 90,231 38, 768 3,687 618 95 South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee 85 93 98 96 96 88 90 95 100 91 93 95 98 100 93 101 96 99 94 98 97 82 72 83 86 81 84 74 72 84 93 93 87 82 95 94 93 76 88 94 96 98 97 92 90 90 96 97 96 96 95 93 94 99 97 99 98 102 95 "65 ,'349 148,029 10,370 8,644 365 14 16,858 41,905 1,252 12,973 1,168 5, 133 1,021 923 5,698 437 10, 136 32, 062 14,995 8,113 2 900 45,392 73, 676 9,037 7,718 297 59 8,863 17,224 999 7, 636 654 3,762 530 642 3,311 317 8,600 24,609 12, 955 7,047 94 90 95 109 113 Alabama 119 Mississippi Texas 98 107 97 103 Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico... Arizona Utah 110 110 105 104 120 105 118 105 98 101 429 55 273 31 68 27 210 1,078 177 95 98 98 98 92 100 97 98 94 96 . 96 97 93 89 92 96 97 96 94 92 10,596 1,509 7, 089 729 2,040 812 5,762 21,280 3,398 5,618 1,019 5,266 477 3 48 1,853 568 4,483 22,227 3,399 91 101 94 105 115 93 Nevada Idaho 121 87 Washington. .. Oregon 92 92 106 United States.. 92.7 80.8 95.9 638,147 441,212 97.3 17,990 95.5 93.6 262,135 245,479 84.4 98.6 1 000 omitted. 2 1913 only. 3 Four years. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 Table 5. — Oats: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price June 1, with comparisons. Oats. State. Acreage. Condition June 1. Foreca*;! 1914 from condi- tion. Five- year averasre, 1909-13, final estimates, Price June 1. Percent of 1913. Total 1914. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 5-year aver- age. Per ct. 101 100 100 99 100 99 94 96 93 97 96 98 96 100 102 102 90 94 96 99 101 102 102 101 98 103 101 99 102 96 98 108 106 108 98 103 101 106 110 103 102 110 103 110 102 99 101 105 Acres. 141, 000 12,000 79, 000 9,000 2,000 11,000 1, 198, 000 67,000 1,073,000 4,000 43,000 191,000 110,000 230, 000 367, 000 428,000 45,000 1,692,000 1,632,000 4, 331, 000 1,515,000 2,320,000 3, 040, 000 4,929,000 1,225,000 2,318,000 1,606,000 2, 228, 000 1, 795, 000 154,000 294, 000 351,000 148. 000 49, 000 980,000 1,061,000 242,000 530, 000 242, 000 314,000 51,000 8,000 93,000 12,000 332,000 207,000 364, 000 220,000 Perct. 95 96 94 96 95 88 88 84 84 84 S3 73 81 76 74 73 67 76 80 80 92 97 96 97 71 93 99 97 92 77 76 86 86 91 85 90 85 94 99 98 96 96 100 96 98 97 97 99 Perct. 96 94 95 94 94 96 92 89 89 87 86 84 87 86 83 87 80 87 85 86 87 93 93 93 79 94 93 88 73 83 86 87 86 87 78 71 83 96 97 93 89 91 96 97 96 96 95 84 Bush. (000 on 5,358 438 3, 045 320 61 329 36, 898 1,013 31,546 118 1,160 3,416 2, 4.50 3,671 6,925 7,186 603 51,437 47, 002 138,592 50, 177 85,515 105,062 172, 121 27,832 66, 828 49, 288 64, 835 56, 148 3,083 5, 608 6,641 2, 864 1,092 32, 487 33,422 5,057 23,914 8, 984 12, 924 1,812 346 4,464 518 15,292 14,404 13,417 8,930 Bush. litted.) 5,029 430 2, 869 284 57 342 39,681 1,090 34,404 119 1,285 3,839 2, 558 3,740 7,053 7,810 701 65, 129 54, 666 144,625 47,021 74,644 96, 426 166,676 29,307 57, 063 37, 027 54, 828 39,612 3,422 6,126 5, 157 2, 146 746 22,651 18,467 4, 569 18, 878 6,399 10,397 1,415 242 3,825 376 14,061 13, 493 12,906 6,624 C(s. 57 56 57 54 50 49 49 48 46 53 55 57 63 66 65 62 40 39 38 42 37 33 35 46 33 34 38 4fi 56 57 64 60 56 49 47 r)9 38 43 51 53 80 45 64 35 39 38 45 Cis. 60 60 Vermont 60 59 Rhode Island 61 Connecticut 56 54 55 54 53 Maryland 54 59 60 67 69 Georcia 69 Florida 72 Ohio 46 Ind iana 43 43 Michican 47 44 39 Iowa 39 46 North Dakota 41 South Dakota 40 40 48 57 Tennessee 58 Alal>ama 67 66 Louisiana 62 Texas 57 52 Arkansas 61 53 Wvomine 56 57 New Mexico 61 Arizona 70 Utah 60 65 51 54 52 61 United States 100.0 38,383,000 89.5 88.6 1,216,223 1, 131, 175 40.0 45.3 14 rARMEBS' BULLETIN 604. Table 6. — Barley: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price June 1, with comparisons. Barley. State. Acreage. Condition June 1. Forecast 1914 from condi- tion. Five- year average, 1909-13, final estimates. Price June 1. Percent of 1913. Total 1914. 1914 10- year aver- nge. 1914 5-year aver- age. Per ct. 100 98 100 98 95 98 101 98 105 101 102 98 95 96 100 104 94 103 100 105 100 109 105 110 107 1(B 108 98 105 105 103 101 102 110 Acres. 5,000 1,000 12,000 75, 000 7,000 5,000 11,000 39,000 8,000 55, 000 87.000 696,000 1,378,000 384,000 5,000 1,326,000 901,000 113,000 240,000 3,000 2,000 8.000 7,000 66.000 14,000 103,000 4,000 37,000 32.000 13,000 185,000 182, 000 122. 000 1,402,000 Part. 95 95 95 89 91 91 90 88 90 95 93 9<) 96 9t) 89 92 97 98 87 94 92 92 98 96 98 98 98 95 99 99 99 95 97 98 Pcrct. 96 92 95 91 89 91 91 88 86 93 88 93 93 94 87 93 93 89 74 86 86 86 73 95 97 92 91 92 97 96 96 95 94 81 Bush. (000 on 142 27 376 1,936 182 116 297 1,064 220 1,620 2,306 20,045 35,718 10,322 120 28,058 20, 975 2,713 4,802 82 52 221 206 2,281 453 3,&36 133 1,441 i,3;n 528 7,875 7,262 4,319 45,341 Bush. lit ted.) 118 25 372 2,081 179 121 263 664 242 1,603 2,216 21,351 34,044 12,394 140 22,700 17,368 1,981 2,921 76 62 127 156 1,189 327 2,530 65 1,294 1,006 467 5.905 6, 522 3,673 37,090 CIS. 82 95 80 70 70 65 74 58 54 57 61 52 43 52 38 45 51 55 80 70 73 ""'48' 72 61 45 "'55' 93 55 51 61 54 CIS. 93 88 89 83 71 73 Ohio 72 Indiana Illinois 68 67 Michigan n 71 67 67 81 North Dakota. 50 65 57 Kansas 62 Kentucky 77 84 Tpxns 82 Oklahoma 61 72 75 71 69 &3 Utah 68 Nevada 91 1 Idaho 67 67 71 - California 75 United Ptn^tes 100.4 7, 528, 000 9r>. 5 90.1 206, 430 181, 881 49.1 68.1 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 Table 7. -Hmf, pasture, and rife: Condition June 1, tvith comparisons: price of hay and rye, and acreage of clover in percentage of last year. Hay (aH tame). Clover. Alfalfa. Pastore. Hay (all). Rye. State. Condition June 1. '•3 g "S o %, . © CO MO & i < Condition June 1. Condition June 1. Condition June 1. Price June 1. Condition June 1. Price Jime 1. 55 > ^ > bt ha r > S > U tJJ > C3 . en > Si •A Mfr P.c. 90 97 m 94 95 92 91 85 90 81 83 68 82 75 73 69 70 8(> 82 70 89 97 95 87 65 93 99 98 82 75 70 74 82 90 95 89 85 96 102 100 93 95 97 100 99 96 97 98 p.c 96 94 9f. 93 92 92 90 84 85 80 78 78 81 80 85 86 86 82 84 84 87 91 90 90 82 90 90 89 84 83 84 88 87 89 84 84 8.5 97 98 92 88 92 92 95 95 95 94 80 P.c. 93 91 95 m 92 88 90 89 86 87 88 92 87 85 86 84 92 91 88 85 91 89 91 88 86 90 93 85 93 93 88 89 90 94 86 91 9a 98 96 94 100 98 97 98 99 99 100 P.C no 108 100 102 98 93 100 101 103 102 104 100 102 105 100 P.c. 99 98 93 92 94 82 89 84 91 85 86 70 S3 78 82 75 p.c. 95 94 95 92 93 93 91 84 86 82 79 80 86 87 87 89 P.C. p.c p.c. 94 95 94 95 94 94 94 88 92 82 84 70 82 74 68 68 71 90 89 75 93 98 96 92 70 94 99 96 86 82 75 78 84 92 99 87 89 98 104 101 96 90 101 101 98 97 98 104 p.c. 94 94 96 92 92 93 92 88 88 84 82 ?4 87 88 87 88 86 89 Boh. 13. 60 16. 80 15.00 21.20 21.20 20.10 15.20 18.60 14.80 13.00 15. 40 15. 50 16. 80 17.90 18.40 18.20 18.30 12. SO BoJs. 15.16 16.92 14.60 19. S2 23.28 21.38 15. SS 20. 22 16. 72 18.30 17.42 16.50 16.16 16.68 19.20 19.00 17. 38 P.C. P.C Cts Cis. N. H 93 71 95 Vt 93 97 93 93 88 R.I Conn 93 91 94 95 94 94 90 92 89 87 85 95 88 94 92 90 91 90 91 92 87 89 92 72 75 77 74 71 86 82 96 200 121 87 N. Y 93 93 93 88 90 85 88 84 81 78 92 88 90 87 86 86 90 87 89 90 84 N.J 80 Pa 82 Del Md 74 78 Va 84 W.Va N. C 87 101 S. C 160 Ga 143 Pfe Ohio 97 88 76 96 101 104 97 78 105 101 96 82 89 90 105 107 110 110 100 100 105 105 100 108 "164' 102 115 102 108 124 86 80 68 89 97 95 90 65 96 98 94 82 80 74 80 86 90 97 90 87 100 102 97 98 78 101 99 100 98 99 101 83 83 85 88 91 91 90 84 89 92 90 85 84 87 91 89 93 89 85 88 96 96 93 95 94 95 98 97 97 96 91 92 90 89 93 93 97 95 85 97 101 105 96 90 87 92 89 91 95 91 S9 98 102 103 95 96 95 99 99 99 95 100 86 86 87 88 90 91 92 87 92 92 91 84 88 89 90 90 90 86 87 89 96 97 91 90 93 89 95 94 96 94 93 14.70 13.86 13.42 14.38 93 92 91 93 94 93 95 92 91 96 98 9S 94 93 79 86 86 89 87 91 90 93 88 93 93 89 80 87 88 88 68 63 64 63 56 52 64 75 50 58 60 70 83 93 126 SO Ind Ill 89 13.50 89 14.20 89 12.60 91 10.60 75 77 Mich Wis . . 74 74 91 7.40 8.04 92 10.40 9.98 86 15.30 10. S6 70 73 Mo 81 N. Dak.... S. Dak Nftin- 90 92 88 86 87 6.50 7.10 8.0G 11.10 17.80 7.02 7.36 8.66 8.36 15.64 15.72 67 68 67 Kans Ky 76 89 Temi 90 18.30 91 16.40 95 Ala 116 Miss 90 13.80 12.60 La 93 12.40 90 12.30 88 10.60 92 14.20 96 ; 7.70 99 1 8.10 93 10.10 85 '13.00 88 12.50 94 9.20 11.48 11.34 8. 12 12. 58 10.46 10. 54 11.92 11.48 11.90 10.56 11.70 9.22 13. 96 10.86 11.88 Tex 86 100 91 98 97 99 79 79 87 96 96 92 95 75 80 66 70 62 101 Okla 78 Ark 89 Mont 76 Wvo 78 Colo 74 N. Mex Ariz Utah 102 96 75 72 Nev 96 98 96 96 88 8.00 8.00 12.30 9. ,50 8.80 Idaho Wash Oretr 98 97 99 101 97 96 94 84 67 70 83 95 76 92 96 Cal 86 U. S... 88.7 87.4 90.9 90.4 81.4 !(5.7 98.9 91.1 89.8 90.0 12.34 12.90 93.6 S9.7 64.4 76.8 16 FAEMEES BULLETIN 604. Table 8. -Apples, peaches, pears, and berries: Condition June 1, with comparisons and prices of apples. Apples. Peaches. Pears. Black- berries. Rasp- berries. State. ' - - Condition June 1. Price May 15. Condition Jime 1. Condition June 1. Conditioa June 1. Condition June 1. en > 03 > 1^ , C3 0) > 00 Tt< l-i (>0 r Maine P.ct. 98 86 95 92 90 78 88 88 86 84 80 70 80 7S 68 70 P.ct. 91 86 88 86 87 87 84 72 72 69 66 58 58 59 60 58 as. 130 140 "i75" 145 140 130 125 175 "iso' 200 120 200 170 Cts. 100 124 103 125 165 "ioe' 93 97 102 104 119 118 184 P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. 94 80 88 82 85 78 73 83 76 30 69 60 60 73 68 60 70 65 61 62 SO 85 p.ct. 91 86 88 83 84 87 80 67 65 53 58 51 48 54 60 56 57 56 57 50 73 71 p.ct. 91 87 90 90 87 93 87 90 88 78 88 85 91 90 78 7S p.ct. 92 92 90 90 92 95 91 88 88 87 88 91 91 93 89 91 P.ct. 91 86 88 90 87 91 88 90 90 84 89 82 91 88 75 76 P.ct. 91 New Hampshire 15 68 90 Vermont 89 25 43 45 20 85 60 70 72 67 73 83 77 80 72 59 62 68 52 68 69 69 63 64 58 59 59 52 S3 56 65 66 73 48 54 49 61 89 Rtiode Island 89 Connecticut 91 New York 90 86 Pennsylvania 87 81 Maryland 85 87 West Virginia 86 89 83 South Carolina 90 Florida Ohio 71 56 50 84 79 73 53 69 59 61 58 76 78 78 66 56 175 130 124 100 140 "ieo' 160 110 128 132 S4 120 169 138 120 87 89 81 90 96 92 90 86 87 88 86 86 85 83 82 82 87 86 81 90 94 89 87 83 85 85 83 Michigan 86 Wisconsin 84 84 75 67 37 46 70 60 49 43 78 78 North Dakota South Dakota. . . 79 70 60 73 71 65 58 60 62 60 77 95 98 97 87 75 98 80 85 88 86 81 80 67 60 59 54 58 56 60 69 66 63 90 84 75 67 65 79 66 88 89 84 81 200 240 190 160 165 196 126 142 162 164 87 80 80 91 86 85 85 85 80 76 89 97 97 98 92 85 97 97 98 95 96 94 84 Nebraska 50 70 78 68 58 61 52 01 20 55 42 48 54 53 62 64 64 62 62 65 62 70 68 5? 47 60 55 50 30 55 95 48 50 52 46 52 53 59 61 56 • 50 86 80 81 95 SO 86 88 90 84 79 90 94 80 81 90 94 92 90 89 82 82 89 78 77 Kentucky 85 Tennessee 86 86 125 100 155 190 180 100 275 150 230 310 120 210 110 130 175 140 95 "'ies' 151 144 142 86 Louisiana 80 80 Oklahoma 76 84 Montana 90 Colorado 160 "iis' "'i28' 115 122 125 90 75 81 98 90 73 65 76 85 50 54 63 66 55 58 71 68 76 95 83 79 89 90 80 S3 75 80 58 62 74 70 '"so" 87 80 79 98 91 88 96 100 97 94 96 95 83 '"'96' "'92' 95 96 94 84 New Mexico Arizona Utah..; 89 Idaho 93 95 94 California 94 United States 73.7 66.5 146.4 122.5 61.7 59.2 68.4 65.3 87.5 87.1 89.0 85.8 THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. lY Table 9.- -Melons, cabbages, onions, beans, beets, peas: Condition June 1, with comparisons. Water- melons. Canta- loupes. Cabbages. Onions. Lima beans. Canadian peas. Sugar beets. State. en 1 a^ > CO 03 > 00 C3 en 1 ^ OC' C3 ■ p 00 S >-.2 00 03 P.C. 94 80 75 95 SO 85 80 82 85 84 78 74 78 74 74 70 76 80 SO 81 90 88 92 90 79 90 93 89 ?^ 73 79 79 73 79 94 91 90 86 91 95 98 94 89 90 95 P.C. ""82 79 77 79 78 78 78 81 78 82 83 79 88 80 83 84 82 85 76 ""84 79 80 81 81 77 78 78 78 75 88 ""87 83 90 84 ""89 88 88 88 P.C. 94 85 70 92 85 88 88 80 85 SI 80 75 79 74 72 68 68 84 80 80 91 92 93 90 85 87 93 87 87 80 74 75 77 82 7-i 74 79 94 95 93 86 89 95 100 90 93 94 96 P.C. ""so J6 91 87 85 80 80 78 78 78 78 81 78 80 79 80 79 80 83 84 83 86 77 ""87 83 79 78 80 80 75 78 78 78 75 84 ""ss 84 90 82 ""so 87 88 89 P.C. 91 91 91 90 94 88 89 83 87 89 86 78 84 75 70 69 82 84 83 78 93 93 91 92 79 90 92 94 85 85 79 77 77 86 82 86 84 95 95 94 91 86 97 98 98 91 94 96 P.C 95 93 94 88 91 94 90 85 85 88 84 87 86 88 85 88 90 86 86 86 86 89 88 91 82 87 88 87 82 87 89 87 85 83 80 80 82 94 94 89 86 90 91 95 95 92 93 91 P.C. 92 88 92 88 94 89 85 90 91 89 91 83 88 82 74 76 P.C. 91 92 90 90 90 90 89 88 90 88 90 91 91 92 88 89 P.C. 98 89 100 95 90 93 83 83 88 76 86 78 86 76 67 69 P.C. 93 93 82 90 89 81 83 80 78 84 85 86 83 88 P.C. 97 97 99 95 100 94 90 91 91 92 75 70 92 75 75 69 P.C. 96 P.C. P.C. New Hampshire. . . Vermont 95 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York 92 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware SO 77 Maryland Virginia ' "'1 West Virginia 86 85 S2 1 ■■ North Carolina " "i South Carolina Georeia Florida 1 Ohio 88 85 82 92 93 93 94 84 92 96 96 93 89 86 83 85 87 86 93 91 96 98 96 90 90 99 98 97 91 94 96 90 88 91 86 90 90 94 87 91 91 89 87 92 93 92 90 87 85 87 90 92 95 92 91 94 94 94 95 92 93 92 86 82 91 88 100 91 84 83 100 93 91 83 75 72 82 89 86 91 87 98 94 97 85 90 98 94 98 97 98 98 85 82 84 85 88 89 88 85 ""85 85 85 87 88 86 87 81 79 83 ""96 80 85 82 95 95 98 92 85 98 92 "si 88 89 94 90 89 81 85 85 95 91 89 90 96 86 Illinois £0 Michigan ... 86 Wisconsin 91 Minnesota Iowa 89 92 Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 97 90 90 Kansas 90 80 82 79 76 85 So 90 86 97 103 97 92 "'S2 90 Kentucky Tennessee . Alabama Mississippi 1 Louisiana 86 79 1 Texas Oklahoma Arkansas 99 "■94 86 95 96 97 90 95 Wyoming 94 91 New Mexico Arizona 88 93 Utah 92 102 99 95 96 90 100 99 91 Nevada Idaho 96 90 90 93 100 94 97 92 95 96 93 89 93 Washington 95 94 91 California United States. 77.9 79.7 82. 1 80.0 86.5 86.8 88.2 89.7 84.8 84.4 95.3 89.5 18 FAKMEES BULLETIN 604, Table 10. — Prices to producers of agricultural products, June l.\ [Prices for wheat are given on page 12, oats on page 13, barley on page 14, hay and rye on page I5.] Corn. Potatoes. Buck- wheat. Flaxseed. Ccftton. Butter. F'ggs. Chickens. State. -r • > «3 03 05 10 03 • > lO 03 -f S U5 S 01 a> 03 ' > •O 03 CO 01 IH ■ Cts. 84 82 7S 85 95 75 81 80 77 79 77 89 89 97 101 98 88 70 07 (VS 07 02 55 a3 78 00 59 67 77 87 &S 90 88 87 91 79 88 Cts. 79 78 76 80 90 78 7/ 74 74 /o ^4 84 94 99 97 94 60 62 01 00 61 54 56 00 63 55 50 62 76 79 92 90 83 82 07 83 102 68 71 9!.' lir S3 Cts. 60 82 72 96 103 .100 81 Bi 87 «0 81 94 92 136 119 120 80 88 92 60 53 53 89 105 01 70 92 99 109 109 109 100 101 115 115 113 65 67 59 134 135 63 55 51 4C 40 60 Cts. 70 82 77 96 98 93 72 89 78 88 80 84 87 97 131 121 121 76 78 89 57 55 61 76 95 72 82 89 111 100 97 112 111 96 104 121 106 88 104 SO 119 126 81 105 75 78 81 102 Cts. 61 '"'S9 95 Ctg. 81 76 89 88 CIS. Cts. CIS. Cts. Cfs. 29 30 27 33 32 34 27 31 26 27 25 23 23 23 20 25 33 22 21 23 00 h 24 24 20 20 22 20 20 20 IS ^1 22 29 21 20 22 30 28 25 35 34 28 32 20 2f 28 20 CU. 29 29 29 32 33 33 28 32 27 25 25 23 22 23 25 23 32 22 21 23 23 25 25 23 20 22 22 20 21 20 18 20 21 26 20 20 21 31 29 27 32 34 29 34 27 28 29 28 Cts. 22 24 22 26 25 26 21 23 19 20 IS 17 IS 17 20 18 21 18 17 17 18 17 16 16 16 14 10 15 15 16 15 16 16 18 14 14 15 19 21 19 26 25 19 28 IS 20 19 22 Cts. 21 22 20 27 20 25 20 23 19 19 IS 17 17 16 18 IS 21 18 17 17 IS 17 10 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 15 15 16 14 14 15 23 22 20 22 28 IS 29 21 22 21 21 as. 14.4 14.7 14.0 17.4 18.0 16.5 15. 7 17.6 14.8 15.0 16.5 14.9 12.8 12.9 13.5 14.0 15.4 13.0 12.0 12.5 12.9 12.5 10.6 10.8 12.0 10.2 9.4 10.] 10.6 ir.§ 12.4 13.0 13.0 12.9 10.4 10.0 11.2 14.0 12.0 13.0 1.5.0 18.7 13.2 19.3 11.2 14.6 14.1 15.6 CIS. 15.1 New Hampshire. 14.6 13,1 10.0 17.2 80 85 S9 75 70 80 89 84 87 93 84 73 79 85 82 79 86 16.0 14.8 17.4 13.4 14.7 14.9 13.0 12.3 14.2 11.9 13.0 13.1 13.3 15.0 12.4 12.0 12.6 16.3 11.9 11.9 13.1 Florida 13.8 Ohio 77 68 100 71 70 74 75 79 79 95 74 76 74 90 98 11.9 11.3 11.2 11 ? 148 139 120 120 137 135 179 17S 171 150 181 178 153 104 11.4 9.8 9.9 Missouri 12.0 10.9 10.8 North Dakota 9.7 South Dakota . 8.7 9.4 110 9.5 11.2 Tennessee 80 80 12.0 12.9 12. 5 11.9 11.0 11.2 11.8 12.1 12.4 12.4 12.3 12.0 11.4 12.0 11.5 11.6 Misassippi 11.9 1.3.0 Texas 9.2 9.3 9.9 139 125 122 193 14.5 95 71 82 130 14.4 Colorado 12.6 New Mexico.. 12.7 10. 6 Utah . 12.8 21.6 Idaho.. 7f 70 89 92 93 93 93 12.0 Washington 11.1 12.0 California. 14.4 United States. 75.0 67.9 71.3 74.7 79.0 76.6 136. 8 179.7 12.4 12.3 22.8 23.4 17.3 17.0 12.5 11.5 1 Corn, potatoes, buckwheat, and flaxseed in cents per bushel; cotton, butter, chickens, cents per ijound; eggs, cents per dozen. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of agricultural products May 15. 19 Hogs. Beef cattle. Veal calves. Sheep. Wool. Milch cows. Horses. State. C3 lb o 5s. ^ S? S) =3 g-.s ■ > 01 1 > ^ 03 •^ U4 • ^ be oj a C3 si, a: C3 tJ3 • > -f :3 Me N.H Vt D(fls. 7.80 9.30 7.70 8.40 9.80 10.00 8.00 8.50 8.30 8.50 8.40 7.yo 7.90 7.-50 7.30 7.70 7.00 8. 00 8.00 7.80 7.80 7.90 7.70 7.80 7.60 7.10 7.50 r.m 7.70 7.50 7.30 7.00 6. .50 6.50 7.20- 7.30 6.50 7.60 7.50 7.70 7.70 8.00 7.00 8. .50 7.40 7.80 7.50 7.90 Dols. 7. 75 7.90 7.10 7.83 8.07 8.67 7.48 8.75 7.85 7.70 7.50 7.20 7.40 7.40 7.65 7.32 6. 98 7. .50 7.42 7.32 7.42 7.28 7! 02 7.20 7.02 6.98 7.05 7.08 7.12 7.02 6.75 6.75 6.30 6.08 6.65 6.88 6.00 7.68 7.5.5 7.30 7.65 7.77 7.25 7.90 7.50 8.02 8.18 7.38 DoU. 6.90 7.20 5.40 7.10 7.00 8.0O 6.00 7.00 7. .30 6.50 7. .50 6.40 6.tj0 5.20 4.70 4.70 5.00 7.10 7.0O 7.10 6.50 6.00 6.20 7. 30 6.90 5.90 6.70 7.00 7.10 6.30 5.70 4.40 4.60 5.30 5.60 6.00 4.80 6.70 7.00 6.90 6.90 6.20 6.00 6.80 6.20 7.00 6.60 6.60 Dols. 7. 4S 6.58 5.12 8.73 5. 55 6.08 6.42 5.63 5. 6.5 5.28 5.32 4.25 4.15 4.20 4.72 5.98 5. 50 5.75 5. 45 4.,S.5 4.78 6.02 5.58 4.65 5.45 5.95 5.82 4.85 4.45 3.22 3.82 4. 38 4.58 4.82 3.78 5.92 5.42 5.90 5.38 5.73 5.55 6.17 O.40 5.68 6. as 6.00 DoU. 7.80 8.90 7.10 9.00 10.00 9.60 8.40 9.80 8.80 9.70 9.10 8.20 8.00 6.00 5.30 5. .50 6.60 S.20 7.70 8.20 7.90 7.80 7.40 7.80 7.70 7.40 7.60 8.00 7.90 7.30 6.30 5.20 5.90 5.80 6.00 6.70 6.00 8.70 9.80 9.00 8.90 8.00 8.10 8.30 7.60 7.70 8.30 7.40 DoU. 7.42 7. .58 6.40 S.33 9.33 7.10 8.02 7.48 8.47 8.25 7.00 6. .38 4.88 5.0O 4.75 5. 63 6.88 6.42 6.52 6.68 6.25 6.00 6.15 6.08 5.85 6.00 6.52 6.35 6.05 5.32 4.08 4.45 4.98 5.32 .5.90 .5.18 8.0O 8.27 7.63 7.10 '8." 22' 7.97 6.85 8.55 7.65 6.50 Dols. 5.00 5.00 4.20 Doh. 4.70 5.03 4.40 Cfn. 19 20 20 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 21 20 16 19 19 21 20 18 21 19 17 18 19 16 16 16 16 21 IS 14 16 "'1.5' 15 15 17 16 16 14 14 15 14 17 16 17 15 Cis. 22 22 21 '"26' 19 22 21 22 22 22 18 24 20 20 20 20 20 19 18 17 20 17 18 15 16 22 21 19 19 18 16 16 18 18 18 16 14 14 17 16 16 14 DoU. 57.00 58.00 58.50 70.00 75.00 70.00 62.50 75.00 62.40 54.20 60.00 4S. 40 59.00 39.60 41.40 37.90 43.80 63.20 57.20 64.70 60.70 70.00 60.60 63. 40 60.00 64.60 67.70 67.50 62.70 52.50 48.20 39.10 40.90 36.70 53.60 56.20 44. 30 83.30 77.70 68.60 62.80 100. 00 70.40 68.70 79.20 77.70 69.10 70.00 DoU. 50.30 54.30 48.78 DoU. 225 172 190 246 DoU. 198 175 163 B.I 5.20 6.00 4.10 4.80 5.40 5.10 5.00 4.50 4. .50 4.00 4.90 4.40 5.20 4.50 4.40 4.70 4.60 5.10 4.60 4.80 4.60 4.90 5.00 5.70 5.30 4.00 4.00 3.70 4.60 5.10 5.00 .5.00 3.90 5.30 5.70 6.00 4.80 4.00 5.50 5.20 4.40 5.10 4.50 4.90 "i.'ss 4.77 5.08 5.30 4.95 4.45 4. .50 i.-iO 5.20 4.72 4.27 4. .52 4.40 4.72 4.75 4.70 4.52 4.90 4.72 4.82 4.92 5.55 5.28 3.90 3.88 3.42 3.80 3.83 4.35 .5.12 3.88 5.55 5.17 5.20 4.85 "5.' 62' '5."i2' .5.48 5.35 5.00 Conn 60.67 54.02 57. 98 49.68 45.83 38.72 38. 78 41.08 33. 30 36. 15 34. 10 37.82 40. 65 46. ,32 51.70 46.25 40. 48 44. 55 49. 95 47.12 47.08 47.18 48.40 49.52 40.78 37.92 31.15 31.20 32. 72 43.35 45.08 31.:38 59. 12 58. 15 53.90 53.90 52."25" 55.'38" 61.40 .51.52 .54.15 200 175 180 180 135 150 147 150 160 170 156 146 1&4 147 149 174 180 155 155 124 1.38 125 126 120 126 141 138 119 85 95 100 103 139 86 102 70 117 126 122 116 127 101 129 217 N. Y N.J 178 192 Pa Dei Md Va 179 15.5 145 146 W. Va N.C S.C 144 149 178 Ga Fla 160 150 Ohio 172 Ind 158 lU 154 Mich W is . 172 166 1C& Iowa Mo 165 129 N". Dak S. Dak Nebr Kans Ky 164 146 134 134 134 Tenn 151 Ala 1 SO Miss 124 La :... 95 Tex 95 Okia 110 Ark lU Mont Wvo 146 124 Colo 118 N.Mex 92 Utah 116 Idaho 135 Wash . . 153 Oreg l'''-5 Cal.. .. 152 U. S.... 7.60 7.14 6.33 5.30 7.59 6.34 4.87 4.99 17.2 17.9 59.85 46.84 139 14(i 1 Hoses, cattie, calves, and sheep, dollars per 100 pounds; horses and cows, dollars per head; wool, cenld per pound. 20 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 604. Table 12. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Prorlucts. Hogs per 100 pounds. Beef cattle do. . . Veal calves do. . . Sheep do. - . Lambs do. . . Milch cows per tend. Horses do. . . Honey, comb per pound. Apples per bushel. I'eanuts per pound . Beans (dry) per bushel. Sweet potatoes do. . . Cabbages per 100 pounds. Onions per bushel. Wool, unwashed, .per pound. Clover seed per bushel. Timothy seed do... Alfalfa seed do. . . Broom com per ton. Cotton seed do. . . Maple sugar per pound . Maple sirup per gallon. Hops per pound . Paid by farmers: Bran per ton . Cloverseed per bushel. Timothy seed do... Alfalfa seed do... Mav 1.5. 19U 1913 1912 1911 1910 60 33 59 87 49 85 00 .137 .46 . 051 .31 .93 .05 .53 .172 .87 .38 .77 .00 .56 .123 .10 .218 28.08 2.97 8.38 24.59 12. 90 2.40 9.75 .00 .21 .116 .09 .372 81.00 25.46 25.93 .166 26.10 June 15. 24.67 12.47 2.44 9.73 29.35 13.49 7.37 10. 25 April 15. 1914 1913 1912 28. 50 9.84 2.95 8.17 24. 21. 69 12.90 2.43 9.90 S6.78 5.15 6.22 4.67 5.98 45. 14 142. 00 .138 1.15 .019 2.37 1.17 3.17 1.75 .173 12.91 7.27 101.00 18.02 .125 1.08 29.73 Table 13. — Range of prices of agricultural products at marlcet centers. Products and markets. June 1, 1914. May, 1914. April, 1914. May, 1913. May, 1912. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . $0. 93|-$0. 95 J SO. 93 -$0. 98.^ SO. 92 -SO. 96 $0. 95 -$1. 12 $1. 16 -SI. 25i No.. 2 red winter, Chicago . 05 - . 96 . 94 - 1. 00* .92J- .951 .99i- 1. 17| l.lOg- 1.20 No. 2 red winter, New York i 1. 10^- 1. 11 1.04 - 1. Hi 1. 03 - 1. 05 1.12 - 1.15 1. 18 - 1. 27 Com per bashel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis . 70 - . 70J .69i- .73 .68i- .7U .56- .61 . 79 - .85 No. 2, Chicago . 70 - . 70 J . 67 - . 72J . 64 - . 69.^ . 55J- . 60 . 761- . 82i No. 2 mixed, New York ' . 71 - . 76J .62i- .66 . 83 - . 87i Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis .39i- .40 .38J- .41 .38J- .41 . 35 - . 40J . 53 - . 571 No. 2, Chicago .39|- .39i .65i- .65J . 37 - . 421 .62- .67 . 37 - . 39i- . 60 - .63 .35J- .43 . 60 - .64 . 50^ . 58 Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago.. .90- .95J Baled hay per ton: No. 1 tim- 15. 00 -16. 00 15.00 -17.50 15.00 -17.00 14. 00 -16. 50 24. 00 -28. 00 Hops per poimd: Choice, New York . 38 - .40 . 38 - .41 . 39 - .44 . 20 - .23 . 40 - .52 Wool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. . 22 - .23 . 22 - .23 . 22 - .22 .20- .21 . 21 - .21 Best tub washed, St. Louis. . .31 - .31 . 30 - .31 . 29 - ,30 . 28 - .29 . 31 - .35 Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 7.95 - 8.00 7. 80 - 8. 67^- 8.00 - 8.95 8. 25 - 8. 75 7.25 - 7.90 Butter per pomid: Creamery , extra. New York. . .27- .271 .25^- .27 .24^ .26J .271- ,31 . 26 - . 351 Creamery , extra, Elgin .26i- .26i .23i- .26 .231- .25 . 27 - .30 . 25 - .31 Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh, New York .22i- .24 J . 22 - .24 . 20 - .26 . 21 - .2.5 .20J- .24 Average best fresh, St. Louis. .174- -l^j . 171- • 18-1 .17- .18i .17 - .171 . 16 - . 17i Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York .13i- .13J .13- .131 . 13 - . 16i . 121- . 14 . 14 - .16 1 F. 0. b. afloat. 2 September colored— September to April, inclusive; new colored— May to July, inclusive; colored- August. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 21 'Eable 14. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on July 1, in each State. States. E o i t .g 1 to .a K m .2 CD d 1 8 a Bu. 46.0 46.0 4.5. 47.0 42.0 .51.0 43.0 42.0 46.0 36.0 39.0 28.0 33.5 20.7 22.0 17.0 16.0 44.0 43.5 41.3 41.0 41.0 40.0 39.5 35.0 32.0 32.0 30.0 24.5 32.5 29.0 19.5 22.0 25.0 26.0 23.0 24.5 30.0 27.0 24.0 29.0 35.0 34.0 35.0 34.0 30.0 31.0 41.0 Bu. Bu. 26.5 '•27.6' Bu. 40.5 38.5 41.3 37 5 Bu. 30.5 28.4 33.5 Bu. 'io.'s' IS. 5 Bu. 230 140 140 134 140 120 110 112 96 107 100 100 101 91 101 91 104 99 98 96 112 120 124 100 92 115 92 90 85 95 .88 94 100 85 80 SO 90 leo 150 130 95 105 185 172 185 165 140 147 Lbs. i'sso' 1,800 1,800 Bu. Bu. Ton,wing crop on June 25 was 79.6 per cent of a normal condition, as compared with 74.3 on May 25, 1914, 81.8 on June 25, 1913, and 80.7, the avei^age condition for the past 10 vears on June 25. THE AGPtlCULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Details by States follow: Area un- der culti- vation a year ago (revised estimate). Area, 1914 (prelim- Condition. inary estmiate). June 25, 1914. May 35, 1914. June 2o— states. Per cent com- pared with 1913. Acres. 1913. 10-year aver- age. 48,000 1,5S9,000 2, 798, 000 5,345,000 192, 000 3,798,000 3,117,000 1,263,000 12,686,000 2,527,000 866,000 113,000 3, 102, 000 14,000 95 100 101 101 46,000 1,589,000 2, 826, 000 5, 39S, 000 86 82 81 83 86 88 81 81 74 80 79 93 79 100 S3 76 72 SO 82 85 87 82 65 79 80 86 68 100 81 76 73 74 S5 79 82 81 86 86 87 88 89 95 84 North Carolina. . . 81 South Carolina 79 Georcia . 81 101 1 194, 000 85 103 101 110 95 100 3, 912, 000 3, 148, ono 1,389,000 12,052,000 2.527,000 80 Mississippi 78 78 82 81 100 1 866, 000 110 I 124, 000 92 2,854,000 250 35, 000 83 83 82 California . 97 37,458,000 98.7 36, 960, 000 79.6 74.3 81.8 80.7 TOBACCO REPORT, BY TYPES AND DISTRICTS, 1914. Table 2 shows the preliminary acreage and condition of tobacco on July 1, by types and districts. Table 2. — Tobacco acreage, by types and districts , 1914, and condition July 1. Tyi^e and district. Area, 1914. Per cent of 1913. Condition, July 1 — 5-year average. I. Cigar iypc. New England New York Pennsylvania Ohio: Miami Valley Wisconsin Georgia and Florida II. Chewing, smoking, snuff, and export types. Burley district Paducah district Henderson or Stemming district One-Sucker district Clarksville and Hopldnsville district Virginia Sun-Cured district Virginia Dai'k district Old Bright district New Bright district Maryland and Eastern Ohio export district Louisiana: I'erique All other Acres. 27, 000 4,600 33, 100 56, 400 45, 600 6,200 244,200 61,50v 71,50C 38, 400 98, 900 11,900 49,800 216, 000 151,. 800 22, 900 700 10.500 Per cent. 109 106 85 110 106 108 105 S2 130 100 86 75 70 90 92 S3 no Per cent. 93 95 86 75 Per cent. 95 92 S3 87 95 90 Per cent. 95 93 90 90 92 90 The total area of cigar tobacco is 172,900 acres, compared with 168,000 in 1913, an increase of 4,900 acres, or 2.9 per cent. Penn- sylvania is the only State showing a decrease. New Hampshire and 3 farmers' bulletin GU. Vermont, each State growing only about 100 acres, show the same as last year. All other States have a larger area. The chewing, smok- ing, snuft, and export types show 967,600 acres, against 1,036,300 in 1913, a decrease of 68,700 acres, or 6.6 per cent. The total area is 1,151,000 acres, compared with 1,216,100 acres last year, or 5.4 per cent less. I. CIGAR TYPES. New England. — The area is 9 per cent larger than last year. With an abundant supply of plants and favorable weather the crop was transferred to the fields about the usual time under favorable con- ditions. More damage than usual was done in the fields by \\are- worms, but this was overcome by replanting and a good stand secured. The condition on July 1 indicated a good crop. New York. — The acreage has been increased 6 per cent. Plants were plentiful and in the Onondaga district 10 days or two weeks early, and transplanting also was early. In the Big Flats district planting was at about the usual time. Some damage to plants in the field by insects is reported, but with favorable soil conditions for replanting a good stand was secured. The condition on July 1 was better than it was last year and promised a good crop. Pennsylvania. — Low prices and poor returns for last year's crop caused a reduction of 15 per cent in the area planted. Plants were plentiful and were transplanted early. Some damage from cut- worms is reported, but this did not prevent a good stand. Condition on July 1 indicated a much better crop than in 1913. Ohio: Miami Valley. — The acreage has been increased 10 per cent. Plants were abundant and early, and planting began in good time, a part of it early. Dry, hot weather made a stand hard to secure, delayed transplanting the latter part of the crop, and interfered with growth of that planted. Condition on July 1 was not good, but will improve rapidly with rains. Wisconsin. — The acreage is 6 per cent larger than last year. Plants were plentiful and transplanting was accomphshed a week or 1 days early, and a good stand secured. The high condition reported on July 1 gives promise of the best results in several years. Georgia and Florida. — The acreage is 8 per cent larger than last year. Plants were late and planting began later than usual, but under favorable conditions was pushed rapidly and finished about the usual time. Dry weather following caused some apprehension as to the outcome. More favorable conditions later give promise of good quality. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 9 n. CHEWING, SMOKK'JG, SNUFF, AND EXPORT TYPES. Burlcy district. — The acreage is 5 per cent larger than hi 1913. A larger increase was intended, but dry weather in some portions of the district prevented the full acreage being planted. Plants were abundant and ready about the usual time, but trans- planting was delayed by hot, dry weather and began late. Where the rainfall was sufficient the full intended acreage was planted and a good stand secured. In parts of the district the land was dry and with otAy light local rains a full acreage was not planted and the stand is bad. Dry weather followed planting and interfered with proper grow'th. The crop is late and does not promise good quahty or yield. Paducah distnd. — A much larger area than last year's was pre- pared and plants were plentiful and early, but extremely hot, dry weather, relieved only by local showers, prevailed during the planting season and only 82 per cent of last year's acreage was planted, two or three weeks late. The stand is bad and condition poorest for sev- eral years. Dry weather continued up to July 1 and the crop is a month late. A crop poor in cjuahty and short in pounds is indicated. Henderson or Stemming district. — The acreage is 30 per cent larger than last year's, but smaller than intended. Plants were plentiful and ready for transplanting about the usual time. Hot, dr}^ weather, with only local showers, made conditions unfavorable and the area pre- pared was not all planted. The stand is poor and growth three or four wrecks late. The prospect on July 1 was for a light yield of inferior quaUty. One-SucTcer district. — This district has formerly been reported under the head of the Upper Green River and Upper Cumberland districts. The area is about the same as it was last year, but less than intended. With an abundance of plants, they could not be transplanted at the usual time on account of hot weather and the dry condition of the soil. Local rains gave some rehef and a part of the planting was ac- complished three weeks late. The stand is poor and the condition on July 1 did not indicate good results. Clarlcsville and Tlo'pkinsville district. — The area is 14 per cent less than last j^ear's, although an increase w'as planned. With no general rain from early in May until July 1 , planting was not completed and what was accomplished was late. The stand is poor and growth a month late. The condition on July 1 indicated a light }neld of poor quality. Virginia Sun-Cured district. — The area is 25 per cent less than last year's, caused partly by low prices and unsatisfactory returns and partly by dry weather, wliich prevented the full planting of the intended area. Plants were scarce and late and planting was delayed 52848°— Bull. Gil— 14 2 10 FAKMEKS^ BULLETIN 611. by dry weather. The stand is bad and growth poor, and a good yield is not indicated by the condition on July 1. Virginia Dark district. — The area is 30 per cent less than in 1913, partly because growers in the eastern end of the district substituted bright tobacco for dark. Plants were 10 days or 2 weeks late and scarce on account of damage in beds from flies. Planting was delayed by hot, dry weather, and in some mstances not fully accomplished. The stand k poor and growth late, givmg promise of poor results. Old Bright district. — The acreage is 10 per cent less than last year's, whereas about that much increase was intended. Planting was delayed a week or 10 days by the lateness of plants and further by dry, hot weather, and in some instances land prepared for tobacco was not planted. The stand is poor and crop late. July 1 condition mdicates a short crop. Netv BrigM district. — The area is 8 per cent less than it was last year, but an increase was planned. A freeze early in March killed most of the plants in the beds, necessitating resowbag and causing plants to be two weeks late. Dry, hot weather followed, further delaying planting, so that it was a month late, and in some instances tobacco land was planted in other crops. The stand is bad, but a good crop possible under favorable conditions. Maryland and Eastern Ohio Export district. — The area has been reduced 17 per cent, while under favorable conditions a small increase would have been planted . Plants were abundant, but dry, hot weather delayed plantmg and reduced the area; the growth is late and stand bad. A good crop is not promised. Louisiana: Perique. — The area is larger and a crop above the average in peld and quality is promised. The receipts of butter and eggs at six primary markets for June, 1914, were: Butter, 65,567,459 pounds; eggs, 1,143,136 cases. The average receipts for June during the 5 years 1910-1914 were: Butter, 64,411,410 pounds; eggs, 1,211,453 cases. AREA OF SUGAR BEETS PLANTED, 1914. \ The area of sugar beets planted in 1914 was 18 per cent less than in \ 1913, and amounted to about 520,600 acres. In Idaho and Utah a \ greater area was planted this year than last year, but in the other \ States there was a decrease. The area harvested for 1913 was about \ 91 per cent of tl\e area planted for the enth'e United States. Table 3 ishows in detail the area planted in the current year, and both planted md harvested acreage last year: THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 11 Table 3. — Area of sugar beets planted in 1914 and 1913, and area harvested in 1913. Area planted. Area harvested, 1913. State. 1914 1913 Amount. Percent- Percent- age of 1913. Amount. age of planted area, 1913. Per cent. 79 80 111 91 <51 103 70 Acres. 109, 500 146, 100 25,900 111,:jO0 19,000 41,900 60,900 Acres. 138,300 18:3, 100 23,300 122,600 31,200 40, 600 96,000 Acres. 127, 610 IGS, 410 22, 197 107, 965 30, 661 39, 472 83,391 Per cent. 92 9'' Idaho 97 Michigan 83 Ohio 98 Utih Other States 97 87 United States 82 5-20,600 635,100 580, 006 91 Tlie average price paid to growers for sugar beets in 1913 was $.5.69 per ton. The average given in the May issue of the Agricul- tural Outlook (Farmers' Bulletin 598, p. 10) was an error. FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 4. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. Florida. California. Crop. Condition July 1 — Condi- tion June 1. Condition July 1— Condi- tion June 1. 1914 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 Pineapples 70 90 91 89 95 95 75 82 89 00 70 57 SO S3 92 Lemons 87 Limes 90 90 75 67 74 68 84 85 50 38 80 77 85 90 90 45 SO 70 86 84 72 70 76 GS Grapcfniit Peaches 85 82 93 95 77 70 90 81 S3 69 71 85 86 60 74 78 55 83 84 81 89 90 80 85 88 80 90 85 80 95 90 80 Pears Cantaloutses Apricots Prunes 65 Olives 92 85 86 Aimonds Walnuts . A'elvet beans 84 82 Grapes: For wine 94 92 96 89 89 89 95 96 95 For raisins For table Exports of Sea Island cotton from the United States for the 9 months ending March 31, 1914, were 7,061,209 pounds, and exports of other cotton amounted to 4,193,226,574 pounds, according to the U. S. Department of Commerce. For the corresponding 9 months of the preceding fiscal year exports of Sea Island cotton were 2,219,039 pounds and other cotton 3,927,242,266. 12 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 611. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops decreased about 0.8 per cent during June; in the past 6 years the price level has increased during June 0.4 per cent. On July 1 the index figure of crop prices v/as about 12.0 per cent higher than a year ago, but 14.0 per cent lower than 2 years ago and 1.3 per cent lower than the average of the past 6 years on July 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals decreased 1.0 per cent during the month from May 15 to June 15, which compares with an increase of 1.6 per cent in the same period a year ago, a decrease of 2.0 per cent 2 years ago, a decrease of 1.7 per cent 3 years ago, and a decrease of 1.1 per cent 4 years ago. From December 15 to June 15 the advance in prices for meat ani- mals has been 5,4 per cent; whereas during the same period a year ago the advance was 12.0 per cent, and 2 years ago 16.8 per cent, while 3 years ago there was a decline in price of 12.3 per cent during this period. On June 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.22 per 100 pounds, which is 0.5 per cent iiigher than the prevailing price a year ago, 15.2 per cent higher than 2 years ago, 32.6 per cent higher than 3 years ago, and 0.9 per cent lower than 4 years ago on June 15. A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 36 and 37. HESSIAN FLY. By F. JI. Webster, In Charge of Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations. The Hessian fly is a true fly, having but a single pair of wings. In form it somewhat resembles a diminutive mosquito. The term "Hessian fly" was long ago appHed to it on account of its having been discovered some time after the encampment of the Hessian troops on Long Island, New York, in 1779. While it is, beyond a doubt, a foreign insect, it may or may not have been introduced in this manner. Be that as it may, it has spread continuously through- out the wheat-growing regions of the eastern United States from the Atlantic coast westward to central North Dakota and South Dakota, central Nebraska, western Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma; also along the Pacific coast west of the Sierra Nevadas, thus occupying only the m.ore humid portions of the country, apparently being unable to develop in an arid country. It is for this reason, probably, that it does not occur continuously to the west of longitude 100° or to any great extent southward beyond a few mUes from the Arkansas River; while, of course, east of the Mississippi it is restricted only by the area covered by the limits of the wheat-groAving section. (Fig. 1.) THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 13 There are two annual generations of the pest. What may be termed the first generation of flies, enumerating tliem elironologically, appears in spring, originating from "flaxseeds," so called, in plants that have been attacked the previous autumn. These flies, as is the habit of those of both generations, deposit their slender, minute eggs of a reddish color in the troughs or furrows of the leaves of wheat. The young maggots hatching from these eggs are equally minute, of the same reddish cast as the eggs, and make their way do^^TL the leaf to the sheath and between this and the stem, usually to the first joint below. The young maggot gradually changes to white, and v,dien nearly mature in this stage to a glassy green clouded with white. As it Fig. 1.— Map showing distribution of Hessian fly in the United States. increases in size it becomes embedded in the juicy stem, causing a weakening of the straw at this point, resulting in straw-fallen grain just before harvest. When the maggot has become full sized the skin covering gradually hardens and changes to somewhat the color and appearance of a flax- seed, so much so that this stage, v/hich is between the maggot and the fly, is commonly called the ''flaxseed" stage. Sometimes these "flaxseeds" are found just above the ground, sometimes higher up the stem, the exact location depending on the size of the wheat plants at the time the eggs were deposited in the spring. Some farmers mistake them for the eggs. By harvest nearly all of the maggots have passed into what we know as the "flaxseed" stage, which is a resting stage, during which no food is required. 14 PARMEES' BULLETIN 611. The period through which the insect remains in this stage varies, first, with the latitude, and, second, with humidity and rainfall; thus, in the northern portion of the country the adult flies emerge from these flaxseeds in the stubble early in September, probably about the 10th or 15th; whereas in the extreme southern portion of the coun- try they do not appear until a month or six weeks later. Besides, the same weather conditions that prevent the young wheat from starting in fall retards the appearance of the fly. The fly is short lived and must deposit its eggs soon after it emerges from the stubble. It is a mistaken idea that frost destroys it. East of the Mississippi River the fly is not known to develop in the grasses, so that the summer may be said to be passed exclusively in the grain stubble. West of the Mississippi River, under certain conditions, it may develop and pass the summer in some of the grasses. If, at the time the flies are abroad in the fall, there are no wheat plants above ground on which the female flies can deposit their eggs, there can be no injury to the plants in the fall, and hence none the following spring; whereas, if the wheat is sown early en^ough so that the plants have made some growth above ground at the time the eggs are deposited, the flies will seek out these plants and they become infested in the same way as the plants in the spring, only in the fall the young maggots hatching from eggs deposited on the wheat leaves make their way down behind the sheath to a point just above the roots of the plant, where they become embedded in the tissue, precisely as is the case in the spring, only lov/er down the plant. The effect of the fly on young wheat in the fall is exceedingly deceiving, the infested plants being of a more rank growth, the leaves broader and of a darker color, almost resembling those of oats; but close examination will show that there is no central leaf or portion of the plant that would later become the stem or straw. Thus it is that wheat fields may appear unusually vigorous and healthy until quite late in the season, when, suddenly, the plants change color and die. The most of the maggots become full grown before cold weather occurs and pass the winter in the brown or "flaxseed" stage, and it is from these "flaxseeds" that the flies emerge the fol- lowing spring. The logical conclusion therefore must be that if the farmer will delay his wheat sowing until after the adult fhes have appeared and disappeared in the fall there will be none in his fields to winter over and produce flies the following spring ; in other words, the farmer has but one opportunity during the year to reach this pest, and that is at the time he sows his grain. It is entirely possible and frequently occurs that a few early sown fields will in spring infest a whole neighborhood, regardless of whether it was sown late or early. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 15 Strange as it may seem, the methods of dealmg with this pest will appear far-fetched and require some explanation to show why they in any way relate to the pest or its control. The first move should be to procure a well-pulverized, fertile, compact seed bed. This may, perhaps, be best explained by sug- gesting that the farmer commence to plow his ground early, just an though he expected to sow very early. Then cultivate it continually, by disking or rolling, as may become necessary, until he gets a thoroughly pulverized compact bed in which to place the seed. The sowing may then be delayed later than ordinary, because wheB the seed is placed in the ground it has every favorable conchtion to enable it to germinate quickly and send out rootlets to supply prompt and sufficient nourishment for the young plants. It must be borne in mind that a healthy, vigorous plant wiU throw oft' or outgrow an attack that would kill a weaker one. Again, if the wheat is sown year after year on the same land, the flies have but to emerge from the old stubble and deposit their eggs upon the young wheat plants, whereas, on the other hand, if the crop is rotated and the wheat is fall sown upon land that has produced some other crop, then the fly must migrate or be carried with the wind from one field to another, which, owing to their frailty, always proves more or less fatal. It will be seen that good farming and a rotation of crops are two practical and efficient measures in controlling the Hessian fly. As to the time when the farmer should sow his grain to escape the fall attack, he can of all others best decide this matter for himseK, because, if he wiU watch year after year, he will soon notice that wheat so^vn after about a certain date v/ili rarely be infested by fly and then more generally in spring, which infestation may have come from some early-sown fields in his neighborhood. In case of the present outbreak, generally speaking, the farmer can get no better indication of the date when he should sow his grain in the fall of the year than to follow the infestation as shown by the sowing of the fall of 1913. In many locahties farmers have reported that wheat so^vti after certain dates was uninjured, while that sow^l previously was damaged from 50 to 75 per cent. A long series of wheat-sowing experiments covering a period of over a quarter of a century, outlined by the WTriter and carried out hj practical farmers, has clearly shown that wheat should not be sown in the fall in the latitude of southern New York, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin and westward much, if any, before the 20th of September; in the approximate latitude of Philadelphia, Pa., Colum- bus, Ohio, Indianapohs, Ind., Springfield, III., and extreme northern Kansas, before the 25th of September; while in northern Mar3dand, extreme southern Ohio, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and southern Kansas it should not be so^\^l before October. Not onlv do 16 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. tlie results of experiment show this, but those obtained by practieaj successful farmers hare proven their correctness. In extreme south- ern Kansas and northern Oklahoma wheat should not be sown until after the first week in October; and this is true of Virginia. October- so^^^^ wheat always enjoys the greatest freedom from fly in Maryland, Practically the same corresponding delay in wheat sowing in the fall should be followed to the southward. There are numbers of natural enemies of the Plessian fly and serious outbreaks are doubtless primarily due to the fact that, owing to conditions not well understood, possibly meteorological, these natural enemies become so reduced as not to be able to control the pest. From the fact that many successful farmers rarely or never lose a crop of wheat from Ilessian fly attack, it is very clear that the results they obtain can also be accomplished by others. If the soil lacks fer- tility, some quick-acting fertilizer applied at the time of sowing vnR encourage and facilitate the rapid growth of the wheat plants, and thus some of the objections to late sowing be overcome. MARKETING BY PARCEL POST. By Charles J. Brand, Chief, Office of Markets. There is a great diversity of opinion as to the benefits that will come to producers through the inauguration ctf the parcel post. Some are greatly pleased with the prospect of direct marketing of such products as lend themselves to proper distribution by this means and already are availing themselves of the facilities that have been provided. Others see nothing hopeful or promising in the parcel-post system and usually have not tried it at all or haA^e tried it in a very inadequate fashion and without due attention to the many important details of successful marketing in this manner. It is important to remember that there is nothing automatic about the parcel post. It is merely a vehicle for the transportation and delivery of produce, the successful development of which will depend very largely upon the shipper, though also in part on the purchaser or consumer. This presumes, and with the best of reason, that the Post Office Department will do its part of the v\^ork \vith dispatch and care. As a method of marketing the parcel post will succeed only in such measure as it accomplishes more efficientl}^ and economically the functions performed by the numerous middle interests of the present system. Its greatest advantage naturally v/ill appear, so far as shipments from the farm are concerned, in those commodities which are produced practically in the condition in which they are finally retailed to the consumer, but even in the case of such products THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 there must be a well-understood and businesslike agreement as to how fair and reasonable prices are to be arrived at and as to the par- ticular quahties that are to be dehvered at the stated prices. There is an unfortunate tendency on the part of some farmers who have butter, eggs, and other produce to sell to ask prices far above those current in their own rural localities and higher even than those exacted by the fancy retail stores of the cities for products of the same grade. Fundamentally there are only two reasons to persuade the consumer to undertake the additional trouble and uncertainty of securing produce by mail. These are economy in cost ■ and greater freshness of product. No unusual method will ever be popular unless it gives results along one or both of these lines. Pro- ducers must be very careful not to overreach in the matter of price. Unless they are wilUng to share the saving with the consumer who agrees to receive food products which he has not had an opportunity to examine and whose quality and time of deUvery will always be subject to a degree of uncertainty, there is little prospect of the wide extension of the parcel-post systein which it deserves, so far as the farm is concerned. Recently the post ofRce at Washington, D. C, has been very active in trying to promote parcel-post marketing, collecting hsts of names of farmers and others who have produce to sell, and printing and distributing these lists to patrons of the Washington office who might become purchasers. A few cases with respect to eggs alone will sufhce to illustrate tliis tendency referred to above. One New Jersey farmer offers eggs at 40 cents a dozen the year around; a Pennsylvania farmer in June offers "fresh white sanitary eggs" at $1 for two dozen; a Virginia farmer offers eggs at Washington quo- tations plus 10 cents. It is difficult to see how a user of eggs could afford to pay such prices when fresh country eggs are being sold by farmers to country grocers at this moment for prices ranging above and below 20 cents a dozen in trade. The difference between the country price and the city price must be shared fairly between the producer and the buyer. The latter will not take chances on things that can not be examined and which in some cases may not fulfill the particular need; furthermore, he will not bear the uncertainty as to time of arrival unless there is a gain to him in so doing. On the other hand, much of the consumers' particularity is based on illogical prejudice, so that they, as well as the producers, must standardize their demands and make conces- sions. Standardization of products is one of the essential things to parcel- post marketing. Uniformity in quality is almost as important as high quaUty. It is Ukeiy that the most satisfactory way to make 52848°— Bull. 611—14 3 18 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. progress along these linos is through the preparation of descriptive specifications for those kinds of produce that wall be marketetl most largely through parcel post. Only by some such means can the necessary protection be afforded the purchaser as to quahty and the producer as to price. The Office of Alarkets of the U. S. Department of Agriculture is engaged in a study of standardization which will enable it to pub- Ush such grade descriptions as will facilitate ready intercourse. Farmers should remember that the parcel post worlvs both ways. It is just as useful in having things sent to the farm as in sending products away from the farm. Those who have not tested it as a means of securing things to supply their own needs will be surprised at the convenience and dehght of having ordei-s which can be placed by postal card or telephone defivered at the rural free-delivery box in front of the farm. The practicabifity of shipping perishable produce is not open to serious question. For many years the investigators in the Depart- ment of Agriculture concerned in the introduction, breeding, im- provement, and general study of aU kinds of fruits, vegetables, and other plants have utilized the mails in the shipping of experimental material. In this way everything from the most delicate fruits to vegetables suital)le for all winter storage have been shipped from a few miles to several thousand miles. In a great majority of cases, packages and packmg have been devised after a few trials which have resulted in delivery in good condition. More recently, definite and carefully planned experiments covering eggs, butter, strawber- ries, cherries, lettuce, and assorted vegetables have been undertaken. The tests that have been conducted in the shipping of eggs are described in Farmers' Bulletin No. 594, entitled ''Shipping Eggs by Parcel Post, " which can be obtained free of charge upon apphcation to the Division of Publications, Department of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D. C. During the progress of this experiment, and since that time, over 10,000 eggs have been shipped with a loss small enough to constitute a thorough practical demonstration favorable to the method. In the bulletin detailed instructions are given by means of which any farm operator, his wife, or older children could make a beginning in the establishment of a parcel-post egg market. Indeed, many cases of permanent arrangements between producers and con- sumers whereby shipments have been made regularly for a period of months have already been made. From October of last year to June of the present year the writer secured practically his whole supply from a farm 92 miles distant from Washington, involving a transfer point for all mail. Only two cases of breakage in sufficient quantity to be worthy of comment occurred. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 19 There are numerous types of containers, several of wliich have proven satisfactory, concerning which information may be obtained by interested persons by applying to the experiment stations in their respective States. Extensive experiments in the shipping of butter by parcel post have been under way for a number of months. No shipments of less than 2 pounds are made because of the relatively greater expense inci- dent to the shipment of single pounds. It has been sent in 2, 3, 5, and 10 pound parcels, not only from the creameries at which it was produced to the office in Washington, but from Washington to experi- ment stations throughout the country for examination there and sub- sequent return. The butter used has been all put up in 1 -pound prints, wrapped in regular waterproof butter paper, and placed in paraffined paper cartons such as are most commonly used in the dis- tribution of fancy creamery butter. These cartons are then inserted into corrugated pasteboard containers suitable for accomodating the differing amounts to be sliipped, and wrapped with good wrapping- paper. Under ordinary weather conditions practically no difficulty has been experienced in the shipment of butter. The chief problem to be solved, of course, is to prevent the butter from liquefying; mere sof- tening has not proven injurious. The difficulty is somewhat less acute in cold weather than in warm. However, the fact that mail cars must be heated in Vvdnter, and that this is accomplished by super- heated steam pipes located along the outer walls of the car and beliind the mail sacks, tends to make the problem of butter shipment in \\dntcr somewhat similar to that in warm weather. The regulations of the Post Office Department on this subject are of such a nature that it is possible to obviate the trouble to a consid- erable extent in cold weather by marking butter parcels as follows: "Perishable — Keep away from heating apparatus." Mail clerks are expected to be guided by such instructions and to give perishables special care. With the growth of the parcel post as a method of shipping perish- ables it would seem not unlikely that in the future some method of refrigeration on a small scale might be developed. Over ordinary distances and under average conditions butter wrapped as outlined can be shipped A\4thout deterioration. It should always be chilled before shipment and chilled again immediately upon receipt by the purchaser. It should be dispatched with attention to the mail sched- ule so that it will be on the road as short a time as possible, and it is preferable that shipments should be timed to make the greater part of the journey at night, when teraperatures are materially lower than during the clay. 20 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. During the strawberry-shipping season, which is just closmg, 28 crates of berries have been handled by the parcel post. Twenty-four of these in 16-quart crates y\^ere shipped from the Eastern Shore of Maryland. In order to comply with the post-office requkements the crates were fitted with tight bottoms, which would make leakage difficult though not wholly impossible. Parcels of tliis character weighing over 20 pounds are very generally handled in a manner similar to express and are not put in bags. Those weigliing less than 20 pounds are usually placed in mail sacks and the wrapping in either case must be done accordingly. In only two cases did the individual quart boxes containing the berries show sufficient leakage to stain the bottom of the crate itself, and in only one of these cases was there any evidence of leakage on the outside of the crate. Con- sidering the perishable nature of the product and the distance over the ordinary routes of travel from the Eastern Shore of Maryland to Washington this test certainly indicates promise, as the berries were received in fully as good condition as would have been the case by any other means of transportation, and w^ere of better quahty than berries selling at a higher price at the particular time in the Wash- ington market. The shipment of the strawberries raised another small but practical point in the relation of the parcel post to domestic economy. The housewife usually plans to do her preserving or other operations on definite days, hence it is important that the shipper and the carrier accompHsh the delivery as requested in order that the buyer maybe satisfied. Berries intended to be preserved on Wednesday can occasion a great deal of inconvenience if they arrive on Thursday, when the servant is having a hoHda}-, or the home-keeper herself has other engagements. There is small doubt but that over reason- able distances and with the fruit of proper shipping texture, straw- berries can be carried quite satisfactorily. As an experiment in the practicability of shipping in the present 32-quart commercial crate, 3 shipments were made with the crates only tliree-fourths fuU to keep them within the weight limit, and in a fourth case as an experiment outside of the present weight fimits a full 32-quart crate weighing 56 pounds was shipped. These crates were received in fully as good condition as the 16-quart crates. Small prefiminary experiments with both sweet and sour cherries have been made, but not enough shipments have been conducted to warrant any statement of conclusions. During the late winter and early spring 8 or 10 baiTels of lettuce produced in the experiments of the department on the Arlington farm, conducted by the Bureau of Plant Industry, were shipped to various parts of the country in 142 parcels. The varieties used in the experiments were the "Boston head" and "Grand Rapids." The THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 21 parcels usually contained, depending upon the size of the heads or bunches, from 2 to several dozen heads. The average weight of parcels containing 8 to 10 heads was between 4 and 4^ pounds. The average weight of those containing 6 was about 3 pounds. The parcels were shipped not only in the local zone and to near-by points, but to places as far away as Boston, New York, Toledo, Chicago, Minneapohs, and elsewhere. In spite of the fact that zero weather prevailed during a part of the time when experiments were in progress, the lettuce carried through to destination satisfactorily and with only a small percentage of waste. In the local zone, lettuce from shipments that were kept under observation was perfectly fresh and usable at the end of 7 days. Ordinary corrugated cartons hned with paraffin paper and wrapped with ordinary strong wrapping paper were used for the shipments. Experiments have also been conducted with parcels containing an assortment of vegetables available at the same time. Such ship- ments have usually been uniformly successful and present an exten- sion of the hamper system which has been inaugurated to some extent by certain of the express companies. The varying degree of perishableness of different vegetables must be borne in mind in making such shipments. For the convenience of persons desiring to attempt the establish- ment of direct marketing contracts and for the information of aU persons interested in the cost of shipping by parcel post there is given in Table 5 the rate for the local, first, and second zones of all parcels weighing from 1 to 50 pounds. Table 5. — Parcel postage rates up to 150 miles. Weisht ill pounds. Local. Zones, first and second, up toltO miles. Wei-ht in pounds. Local. Zones, first and second. up to 150 miles. AVeight in pounds. Local. Zones, first and second, up to 150 miles. 1 $0.05 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 .08 .09 .09 .10 .10 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 $0.05 .06 .07 .08 .09 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 18 0.14 .14 .15 .15 .16 .16 .17 .17 .18 .18 .19 .19 .20 .20 .21 .21 .22 $0.22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 35 0.22 .23 .23 .24 .24 .25 .25 .26 .26 .27 .27 .28 .28 .29 .29 .30 $0.39 2 19 36 .40 3 20 37 .41 4 21 38 .42 22 39 43 6 23 40 .44 24 . .. 41 .45 8 25 42 .46 9 26 43 .47 10 27 44 .48 11 28 45 .49 12 29 46 .50 13 30 47 .51 14 31 . . 48 .52 15 32 ! 49 .53 16 33 50.. .. .54 17.. 34 It should be explained that the local zone rates apply to all business originating within the territory of any office, whether it is received on a rural route or from the city branches of the particular post office. 2^ FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 611. For distances greater than 150 miles a weight limit of 20 pounds applies. Rates for greater distances are not given, as it is believed that the greater proportion of parcel-post patrons will be developed within the 150-mile radius. A parcel for shipment by mail must not exceed 72 inches in length and girth combined. Determine the length between ends and take the girth at the tliickest point. If the aggregate of the two is not greater than 72 inches, the parcel will be received for mailing. The name and address of the sender preceded by the word "From" must be placed on every package^ From all money-order post offices to offices of the same class parcels may be shipped "Collect on delivery" on the payment of a 10-cent fee, but the value of the package may not exceed $100. In Circular No. 3, dated April, 1914, the Division of Classifica- tion, Office of the Third Assistant Postmaster General, published a very clear and comprehensive statement of the conditions under which parcel-post shipments may be made, including instructions for preparation and wrapping. This can be obtained by appfication to the local post office or to the Post Office Department, Wasliington, D. C, and should be in the possession of every parcel-post patron. There are many conditions and circumstances under which the use of the parcel post for marketing will not prove economical. There are many others, especially for particular products and under particular conditions, for which parcel-post transportation would seem the only reasonable and economical method. It is not expected that parcel- post marketing will supplant usual methods, but its proper use should certainly make it a valuable supplement to these under all conditions and a check upon other methods when they are not being applied with fairness to either producer or consumer or both. The first Argentine corn to reach Montreal, Canada, this season arrived on June 20 and consisted of about 200,000 bushels. Some of this is reported to be for local consumption in Canada and some for shipment to the New England States. The ocean rate on corn from Buenos Aires to Montreal at this time was reported at 8.7 cents per bushel of 56 pounds (14s. 6d. per ton). The cargo in question was loaded part at Rosario and part at San Nicolas, Argentine river ports located above Buenos Aires. The sugar made in Porto Rico from the cane crop of 1913 was reported by the Treasury Department of that island as 398,004 tons (of 2,000 pounds). The production in 1912 was 371,076 tons. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 23 Wheat imported into the United Kingxlom during the 5 montlis ending Ma}^ 31, 1914, amounted to nearly 68,000,000 bushels. Of tliis quantity over 20,000,000 bushels came from the United States, about 12,000,000 each from Canada and Australia, about 9,000,000 each from Russia and Argentina, nearly 2,000,000 bushels from British East Indies, and the balance from other countries. CAR SUPPLY IN RELATION TO MARKETING THE WHEAT CROP OF 1914. By G. C. White, Transportation Specialist, Office of Marhets. Since the pubHcation in the Agricxjltukal, Outlook of May 22 of the forecast of the yield of wheat in the United States for 1914, the question of car supply to move the crop has been engaging the attention of the railroads and grain men. Trade journals have called attention to a prospective car shortage, and railway periodicals have pointed out the necessity of having all box cars thoroughly overhauled and put in condition to handle bulk grain. The Office of Markets of the United States Department of Agricul- ture has undertaken some investigations to ascertain to what extent a car shortage this year is anticipated by the grain trade, on what roads shortages are most acutely felt, to what extent the trade keeps in touch with the roads, advising prospective needs, what information is given out by the roads as to ability to fill all orders promptly or steps taken to minimtize shortages, and whether or not the car supply keeps pace from year to year with the increasing need for cars. Replies received cover the States of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Xebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. These seven States have for 1914 an estimated wheat yield of 385,000,000 bushels. The sentiment is by no means universal among the country elevators that there will be a car shortage. The belief that there will be a shortage is most prevalent among the country elevators of Kansas. Expressions from terminal elevator points indicate that there will be a shortage in all States. Opinions as to the roads on which car shortages are most acutely felt amount to little and are apparently based on the particular road on wliich a man's elevator is located. One man answers that a certain road is most prompt in furnishing cars and another man names the same road as least prompt. Attention is called to the fact that ade- quate car supply is sometimes due to the volume of inbound merchan- dise, wliich, when unloaded, makes available empties for outbound grain shipments. Points served by more than one road testify that they can get cars even when noncompetitive points are suffering from a shortage. 24 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 611. Information from the comitry elevators is, for the most part, that their advice to the roads of cars needed is in the form of orders for cars at the time they are wanted. Terminal elevators and large grain dealers, however, have kept in closer touch with the situation and have advised the carriers as far in advance as possible of the pros- pective needs. On the part of the roads statements from officials through the press are given to the public, and growers and elevator men are personally advised by local agents, traveling freight agents, and other repre- sentatives of all steps taken to minimize shortages. Every purchase of new cars is advertised and assurance is given that all cars are being put in condition to handle bulk grain. In some cases large numbers of stock cars are being temporarily fitted up for handhng grain. As far as possible, foreign empties are being held by the grain-carrying roads, and country sidings are being filled with empties for the first rush. It is the consensus that the increase in car supply does not keep pace from year to year with increasing need for cars. The average carload of wheat contains 1,250 bushels. On this basis it would require 524,000 cars to move the estimated crop of winter wheat for the entire United States the present year and 308,000 cars to move the crop of the seven States here discussed. However, as noted in the Agricultural Outlook of March 23, 1914, only 58.1 per cent of the wheat produced is shipped out of the county where grown, and on this basis the number of cars required would be 304,444 and 178,948, respectively. On the same basis it would require approximately 432,000 cars to move the entire wheat crop of the United States. The total number of box cars owned by all the roads in the United States June 30, 1911 (the latest report available), was 990,313. Taking 15 of the principal roads in the seven States covered by our investigations, we find that they had on July 30, 1913, 60,446 miles of road and 223,487 box cars. Their aggregate mileage increase for the two years from June 30, 1911, to June 30, 1913, was 3 per cent, the increase in the number of their box cars, 3 per cent, and the in- crease in the tonnage capacity of their box cars, 7^ per cent. The figures for individual roads vary from a decrease of 14 per cent in the number of box cars to an increase of 32 per cent, and in tonnage capacity from a decrease of 5 per cent to an increase of 50 per cent. These 15 roads contain approximately 25 per cent of the entire mileage of the United States and own approximately 22 per cent of all the box cars. The seven States in question produce approximately 40 per cent of all the wheat of the United States. What the percentage of increase is over the 1911 crop is hard to determine for the area served by these 15 railroads, but it is safe to say that it has been far THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 25 greater than the percentage of increase in car supply, inasmuch a,s the estimated jdeld of winter wheat for the entire United States for 1914 exceeds the 1911 crop by 52 per cent, and the increase in car supply during 1913-14 has been below normal throughout the country. These figures are given, not as furnishing an exact formula for determining the number of cars needed to move this year's wheat crop and for estimating t]ie shortage in number of cars, but as indi- cating some of the factors to be taken into consideration in the problem of car supply and car shortage. Other factors are these: The wheat harvest will extend over 3 montlis or more from about June 10. Doubtless much wheat will be stored after harvest await- ing better prices. Not all the cars of any road serving the wheat belt are available for wheat traffic. The Santa Fe system, for instance, with extensive mileage in New Mexico, Aiizona, and Cali- fornia, must necessarily keep a large part of its cars confined to the business of those States. Account must be taken of general com- mercial conditions also, and of whether the tonnage of other commodi- ties handled in box cars is above or below normal during the wheat movement. Indications this year are for a heavy crop of corn and oats, the movement of both of which commodities will still furtlier complicate the situation as regards wheat. Even where the entire mileage of a road is confined to v/heat- producing territory, many of its cars are absent on other roads, and it may or may not have on its line a sufficient number of foreign cars to offset the absence of its own. The terms used by dift'erent individuals in estimating shortages are by no means uniform. The majority express it in terms of percent- age, whicji is accurate enough if we understand thereb}^ that for a given period only a certain percentage of the cars ordered are fur- nished. In the long run every man gets aU the cars ordered, and from that point of view there is no shortage. No statement of "car shortage" means anything until we know the tim.e limitation and oth-cr conditions on which it is based. In its semimontJily bulletins of car surpluses and shortages the American Railway Association lays down the rule that the figures must represent the differences between "cars ordered" on a given day and "cars available." "Cars avail- able" is defined as any empties of the kind ordered, either en route in trains or on sidings, which can be used to fill the orders of that day, and includes also such loaded cars as will be made empty v/itjiin 24 hours. Tlie opinion prevails in some sections that any shortage tins year wiU be due more to lack of motive power and terminal facilities than to lack of cars. One of the greatest drawbacks has always been failure to load and unload promptly and too frequent reconsigning 26 FARMEES BULLETIN 611. of sliipments. The indications are that shippers and carriers are cooperating this year more closely tlian ever before in their efforts to avert a car shortage in the movement of the v/heat crop. Table 6. -Corn and rye: Acreage, condition, forecast and price of corn, and condition of rye July 1, tvith comparisons. State. Acreage. Per cent of 1913. Condition July 1. Prelim- inary, 1914 1914 10- year aver Forecast 1914 from condi- tion. Final estimates. 5-year average, 1909-1913. Price July 1. 1914 5- year Rye. Condition Julyl. 10- year aver- age. Maine NewHampshire Vermont Massachusetts . . Rhode Island... Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania. . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia.. North Carolina . Soutli Carolina.. P.c. AeresA 99 97 100 101 102 100 101 99 100 100 99 97 100 100 100 Georsxia j 100 Florida ! 102 Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan. .. Wisconsin.. Minnesota.. Iowa Missouri North Dakota.. South Dakota . . Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee . . Alal3araa . . , Mississippi. Louisiana. . Texas , Oklahoma. Arkansas . . Montana . . Wyoming . Colorado. . . New Mexico... Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Oregon California United States 99. 3 16 21 45 48 11 61 532 272 1,463 197 663 1,921 732 2,835 1,975 4,066 688 3,822 4, 949 10,346 1,692 1,700 2,544 10,248 7,228 409 2,904 7,458 6, 412 3,650 3,3.50 3,264 3,270 2,014 6,664 4,275 2,450 36 21 462 P.c 85 87 89 87 90 87 80 85 87 83 P.c 83 84 84 89 93 P.c 87 87 105,007 So. 8 Bushelf.i 626 840 1,802 1,963 416 2,707 19, 073 9,710 58,549 6,886 22,237 44,644 19,803 49,881 35, 629 55, 298 8,146 146, 306 189,448 370,015 63,822 62, 730 82, 426 404, 796 207,444 12,607 85, 494 217,028 13S, 890 90,086 77,720 48,372 53,333 42,798 138,611 73, 744 40,817 1,004 527 10,644 2,478 592 359 34 585 .972 634 2,386 2, 916, 572 Bushels.^ 608 814 1,605 1,944 402 2, 348 15,020 10,862 57,057 6,206 22,110 51,480 22,692 55, 282 38,512 63,023 10, 125 146, 250 176,400 282, 150 56, 112 66, 825 96,000 338, 300 129,062 10,800 67,320 114, 1.50 23,424 74,825 68, 675 55,360 63,000 41,800 163, 200 52, 2.50 47,025 882 493 6,300 1,572 476 340 34 448 952 598 1,815 BusheJsA 694 967 1,792 2,041 430 2,755 18, 682 10, 157 56, 524 6,089 22,211 46,959 20, 137 47,884 31,564 53,482 8,628 154, 651 186,900 366,883 54, 829 56, 346 76, 584 352, 230 200, 859 6,938 60,509 164, 878 129,700 92, 543 80,767 49, 107 51,103 35, 131 120,286 75,412 48,4.39 533 268 6,409 1,838 457 2,54 29 362 800 542 1,745 2,446,988 2,708,334 Cts. 74 74 73 72 100 77 70 71 68 65 63 82 76 90 94 'Thousands (000) omitted. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 7. — Winter and spring wheat: Condition and forecast July 1, with comparisons. Winter wheat. Spring wheat. State. Condition July 1. Forecast from condition. Final estimates. Condition July 1. Forecast from condition. Final estimates. 1914 10- year aver- age. July 1. June 1. 1913 5-year average 1909- 1913. 1914 10- year aver- age. July 1. June 1. 1913 S-year average 1909- 1913. P.c. P.c. Bu.i Bu.i £m.i £m.i P.c. 95 90 P.c. 97 92 76 24 76 22 Bu.^ 76 24 •^"•L 21 94 SO 87 95 94 90 92 93 83 90 92 91 87 93 93 89 91 89 86 91 88 88 87 88 87 87 79 84 77 80 80 79 88 7,614 1,232 21,915 1,971 10 355 7,695 1,340 23,183 1,929 Q QfiO 6,800 1,408 21,882 1,638 8, 113 10,608 3,055 7,078 972 1,708 35, 100 39,775 41,888 12, 776 1, 749 810 10,530 39,586 6,793 1,475 21,290 1,817 9, 290 9,171 2,952 5,936 761 1,382 29, 238 30, 668 33, 640 14,220 1,591 2 810 6,272 31,048 New Jersey Pennsylvania . . . 1 -- Virginia West Virginia.. 9,815 9,391 3,170 3,126 6, 592 6. 308 1 1 863 l,a38 38, 456 42, 966 44, 374 16, 104 1,778 846 1,552 37, 843 42, 494 41,824 15,931 1,759 Georgia Ohio 1 1 i Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota 93 88 93 89 85 89 1,869 62,000 5,602 1,795 63,772 5,408 1,916 67,2.30 5, 865 1,719 59,859 88 81 10, 897 40,835 10,810 36,706 5,543 North Dakota.. 94 92 93 85 85 80 80 63 95, 871 48, 176 5,423 857 85,598 46, 185 5,157 907 78,855 33,075 4,200 468 90, 231 South Dakota.. 85 95 100 101 101 91 85 80 100 93 92 91 97 102 91 102 97 95 95 96 95 900 58, 125 86,515 9,860 8,400 374 14 13,650 17,500 1,313 12, 288 1,000 4,220 651 928 4,600 368 8,494 32, 400 12,305 4,200 2 900 45, 392 73, 676 9,037 7,718 297 59 8,863 17, 224 999 7,636 654 3,762 530 642 3,311 317 8,600 24,609 12,955 7,047 38, 768 Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Termessee 80 72 S3 85 83 85 73 70 84 91 86 82 86 95 91 96 94 92 91 76 68,238 151,050 10,986 9,166 380 13 14,282 43,138 1,289 13,276 1,194 5,457 1,041 903 5,914 445 9,823 32,632 15,227 7.94fi 65,349 148,029 10,370 8,644 365 14 16,858 41,905 1,252 12, 973 1,168 5,133 1,021 923 5,698 437 10, 136 32,062 14, 995 8,113 3,687 618 1 Mississippi Texas i 1 1 1 Montana. Wyoming Colorado New Mexico. . . 95 91 95 98 90 97 97 95 92 91 93 91 86 86 88 94 98 94 88 87 10,800 1,476 7,391 760 10, 596 1,509 7,089 729 8,335 1,250 5, 460 570 5,618 1,019 5, 266 477 3 48 Utah 1,979 812 5,686 21,819 3,382 2,940 812 5, 762 21,280 3,398 1,820 713 5,600 20, 900 3,412 1,853 Nevada 568 4,4a3 22,227 3,399 Washington Caliiomia United States 94.1 80.2 652, 975 638, 147 523, 561 441,212 92.1 84.4 274,003 262, 135 239,819 245, 479 1 Thousands (000) omitted. •1913 only. 3 Four years. 28 Table 8. . FARMERS BULLETIN 611. All wheat and oats: Stocks on farms and price of wheat; condition, forecast, and price of oats, July 1, toith comparisons. All wheat. Oats. Condi- Forecast from Price Stock on farms July 1, Price July 1. tion condition. Final estimates. Julv 1. July 1. State. " > O CO i » (S 0,^ u -* m ^a ■^ CO g ,-1 s ri a M > ha *^ > ii c» f^^ Oi o f^ rH en ^ t-a ,-H ^03 \^ P.c. J5tt.' Bu.i Bu.^ Ctx. atx. Cts. P.C. P.C. Bu.T- Sw.i Bu.^ JSm.1 Cts Cts. Me 7.0 5 6 8 120 97 92 91 88 85 87 89 96 93 94 94 92 92 90 5,539 425 2,969 297 56 345 38,384 5,358 438 3,045 320 61 329 36,898 5,600 420 3,081 315 52 308 42, 712 5,029 430 2, 869 284 57 342 39,681 60 56 58 57 45 52 48 61 N H 105 100 62 Vt 1.0 1 102 118 58 57 R I.. 60 68 N. Y 4.8 326 241 365 98 101 107 54 N.J b.O 84 73 84 101 100 109 85 88 1,965 1,913 2,030 1,990 49 65 Pa.. . 7.0 3.5 5.0 1,530 57 406 1,428 1,282 68 60 92 100 106 107 101 SO 63 70 90 85 87 30,474 89 993 31,546 118 1,160 35, 774 122 1,280 34, 464 119 1,285 49 49 51 64 Del 85 97 50 Md 449 353 85 93 64 Va 5.0 5.8 530 177 464 159 376 147 95 100 105 104 109 111 58 57 86 88 2,714 1,724 3,416 2,450 4,192 2,760 3,839 2,558 •65 56 68 W. Va 60 N.C ;^..'?. 368 255 237 105 107 118 70 85 3,445 3,671 4,485 3,740 62 (16 s.c 3.5 34 18 34 114 118 122 76 84 7, 168 6,925 8,460 7,053 69 69 Ga 4.0 68 26 31 123 118 126 79 72 73 88 80 85 7,912 64S 50,642 7,186 603 51,437 9,240 900 54.360 7,810 701 65, 129 64 65 40 68 ria 73 Ohio fi.5 2,282 439 1,857 8.5 98 106 46 Ind 3.G 2.0 fi.4 1,432 838 81 » 403 265 371 1,577 1,119 838 76 72 86 92 87 96 101 96 105 65 68 02 80 80 85 40, 841 120, 748 51,571 47,002 138,592 50,177 36,380 104, 125 45,000 54,666 144, 625 47, 021 38 36 40 44 in... 43 Mich 48 VvMs 7.0 257 232 187 85 84 97 95 91 84, 854 85, 515 83,038 74, 644 37 44 Minn 7.5 5,103 5,497 3.8.35 78 82 99 91 8() 110,656 105,062 112, 644 96, 426 32 40 Iowa 5.S 951 1,156 619 77 82 92 92 86 172,318 172,121 168, 360 166, 676 34 40 Mo., 3.5 1,386 998 1,169 71 85 96 60 75 24, 990 27, 832 26,500 29,307 43 47 N. Dak 4.0 3,154 6.610 3,252 78 79 95 94 85 74, 083 66, S28 57, 825 57, 063 33 43 S. Dak 5.0 1,699 3, 131 1,819 77 79 94 90 81 49, 860 49, 288 42, 135 37, 027 35 42 Nebr 4.0 2, 493 2, SOS 2, 394 70 75 88 93 79 67,341 64, 835 59, 625 .54,828 35 41 Kanr, 2.5 2,175 3.322 2, 391 70 76 92 86 70 54, 801 56, 148 34,. 320 39,612 41 46 Kv. 2.0 2.0 197 IGS 158 226 225 237 78 85 84 94 100 105 66 73 78 84 2,816 5,516 3,083 5,608 3,168 6, 300 3,422 6,126 52 50 66 Tenii 55 Ala . 2.5 4.0 9 1 11 3 10 2 112 114 85 118 100 86 86 86 84 6,79? 2,927 6,641 2,864 6,662 2,800 5,157 2,146 63 61 67 Miss 65 La 87 73 S4 76 1,066 28. 616 ■ 1,092 32,487 990 .32,500 716 22,651 5'.i 42 62 Tpx 3.5 478 33! 149 77 87 99 49 Okla 1.0 175 482 346 64 75 90 85 69 32, 467 33,422 18,540 18,467 36 46 Ark 4.0 53 32 35 86 90 101 80 80 5,518 5,057 6, 360 4,569 62 69 Mont 5.2 1,075 1,625 577 75 66 92 97 94 25, 191 .3,914 21,750 18,878 37 64 AVvo 6.0 135 164 74 90 87 97 92 92 8,906 8, 984 8,360 6,399 60 56 Cob 3.5 339 494 3S3 77 72 95 77 88 10, 397 12,924 10, 675 10,397 48 67 N. Mex 2.0 24 80 38 110 94 118 97 8f. 1,880 1,812 1,500 1,415 60 58 1.0 fi.5 9 417 18 473 11 326 120 SO 112 75 104 91 94 99 92 95 338 4,419 346 4, 464 301 4,140 242 3,825 64 47 74 Utah 59 Nev 6.0 65 40 37 90 120 120 96 96 518 518 473 376 60 79 Idaho fi.5 916 72S 522 72 72 85 97 96 15,136 15, 292 15,112 14,061 36 51 Wash 2.3 1,226 1,2S9 1,089' 73 79 87 94 94 14,517 ■ 14,404 14,250 13, 493 40 52 Ore?; 4.0 629 736 528 77 82 91 96 92 13,62S 13,417 15,228 12,906 3V 62 Cal 3.5 147 ■201 267 94 100 102 95 85 8, 569 8,930 6,636 6,624 68 69 V. S.. 4.2 32,236 35,515 1 28, 891 76. 9 SI. 4 96.2 84.5 ..r 1, 197, 105 1,216,223 1,121,768 1,131,175 38.8 45.2 1 Thousands (000) omitted. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 Table 9. — ■Barley and flaxseed: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price Jalij 1, tuith comparisons. Barley. Flaxseed. Condi- tion Julyl. Forecast from condition. o o.S Price July 1. Acreage. Condi- tion Julyl. R o o B 2 "^ c 1 o 5-year average, 1909-1913, fmal estimates. Price July 1. State. 6 1 > C3 o 1-5 C p l-a o3 > 03 I-t 03 >> CO en O c I a B ■^ o 6 > o S as 03 1 P.c. 92 92 90 88 8:3 89 &3 80 &5 89 93 93 87 93 p.c. 94 90 93 90 90 91 91 87 86 91 86 90 8.5 140 26 362 1,947 166 144 274 982 211 1,566 2,346 20,066 35,366 10, 714 105 30, 830 22, 138 2,837 5,304 79 52 218 187 2,313 464 3,987 137 1,380 1,.376 522 7,887 7,237 4, 153 45, 803 jBm.1 142 27 376 1,936 182 146 297 1,064 220 1,620 2,306 20, 045 35, 718 10, 322 120 28, 058 20, 975 2,713 4,802 82 52 221 206 2,281 453 3,8.36 133 1,441 1,331 528 7,875 7,262 4,319 45,341 BuA 118 25 372 2,081 179 121 263 664 242 1,603 2,216 21,351 34,044 12,395 140 22, 700 17,368 1,981 2,921 76 62 127 156 1,189 327 2,530 65 1,294 1,006 467 5,905 6,522 3,673 37, 690 as. 77 95 85 71 70 70 77 55 50 53 60 51 42 50 38 43 44 53 72 70 60 "'49 85 56 91 40 55 75 47 48 53 Cts. 90 92 87 80 69 62 74 69 68 68 72 72 63 64 78 58 62 57 60 74 79 77 55 72 76 70 77 68 69 93 65 65 7? P.C. Ac.i p.c. p.c. Bu.i I?u.i Cts. Cts. New Hampshire New York Pcnnsylvauia. . . Maryland Viri^inia . . Ohio Indiana ' Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Miimesota Iowa 85 90 93 80 85 80 75 90 8 315 26 8 850 340 7 45 93 85 91 83 91 92 75 S8 88 86 89 83 88 88 87 81 112 2,945 279 55 7,580 3,003 52 336 lis 3,315 221 90 8,535 3,842 24 316 141 140 124 160 171 172 Missouri 76 S.T North Dakota.. South Dakota . . Nebraska 4Cansas 93 91 93 85 90 92 85 86 96 96 98 98 91 100 98 98 94 92 99 85 81 80 6o 87 88 80 69 94 93 89 87 93 95 96 95 93 93 82 140 140 125 172 171 "'156 Kentucky Temiessee Texas 84 94 ".'3,'244 2,988 Montana Wyoming Colorado 80 320 93 122 SO 8 *92 90 59 40 118 Utah 1 AVashington ■■■■| " 56 71 I I United States. 92.6 84.4 211,319 206, 430 181,873 47.5'65.3 84.] 1,927 90.5 86.8 17,665 19,501 136.0 170. S 1 Thousands (000) omitted. 30 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. Table iO. — Tobacco and rice: Acreage, condiUon, and forecast July 1, with comparisons. Tobacco. Rice. Acreage. Condi- tion July 1. 1 i 1-H73 03 O en s Acreage. Condi- tion Julyl. Forecast 1914 from con- dition. State. 01 o 1 la a . Eg f-, Ik "-I so i 1 o o a . CD 03 a > 03 6 "-I 03 bit -13 New Hampshire P.c. IDO 100 108 110 106 85 80 80 72 90 105 108 108 106 85 75 106 80 105 86 75 Acres. 100 100 6,600 20,200 4,600 33, 100 20, 000 160, 000 10,800 225, 000 46, 000 1,900 4,300 86,800 13,500 600 45,600 4,100 388, 500 77,400 200 P.C. 90 95 89 94 95 86 78 58 62 60 65 77 77 74 70 80 98 76 64 58 65 p.c. 93 93 94 96 92 90 87 86 88 80 82 90 91 87 S4 8G 92 82 83 83 166 171 10,502 32,659 5,681 43, 838 12, 480 80, 736 5,759 108,000 27,209 1,317 3,046 63,590 9,828 442 58, 094 3,428 248,640 40,403 91 163 164 9,524 28,337 4,997 57,351 IS, 60;i 135,. 38S 12 763 p.c. Acres. P.C. P.c. Bu. Bv.i Vermont """ Massachusetts 1 Comieeticut New York \ Pennsylvania 1 Maryland Virginia [ North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio 127, 339 22,02- 1,323 2,987 79,966 18,939 842 47, 807 5,578 350,502 70,426 153 60 140 260 90 200 6,900 1,300 400 88 87 84 80 84 86 88 85 5,597 168, 084 33, S52 9,000 14 273 64 15 Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Missouri .......... Kentucky Tennessee Alabama 80 onn 8,'-. 85 86 88 83 95 88 86 88 88 87 5,610 41,650 10,968,354 8,319,168 3,287,049 779, 760 10 Mississippi 90, 1, 400 85! 344,700 80: 242,400 88| 92, 100 250 15,200 57 110 100 90 700 200 700 91 86 90 83 67 86 376 144 361 218 159 471 11, 775 9,006 Texas California ^ 2 93 1" " United States 94.6 l,lol,000 66.0 84.6 756, 961 996, 087 85.2 704,800 86.5 88.0 23, 61S, 724 24,016 I Thousands (000) omitted. 2 Four years. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 31 Table 11. — Potatoes: Acreage, condition, forecast, and pri^e July 1, with comparisons. State. Maine NewHampshiro Vermont Massachnsotts. . . Rhode Island... Connecticut Ne\7 Vorlv New Jersey Pennsylvania. . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia.. . North Carolina.. South Carolina.. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan V/isconsin Mu!ne.sota Iowa Missouri NorUi Dakota... South Dakota... Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississij.pi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado NewMe.xico Arizona Utali Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States. P "-I P.c 100 too 1(X) too 103 102 102 98 101 9S 101 101 100 100 1051 too 110 90 100; 99 10-1 \m 101 98 102 101 103 99 99 lOOl 99 95 Condi- tion July 1. Acres. ' 128 IV 25 92 268 43 lOG 48 30 10 v: 13 15S 75 12-1 364 304 278 147 87 61 62 117 72 51 38 IS 12 24 44 32 24 37 13 P.c. 92 90 90 90 3,708 P.c. w 92 92 -90 94 91 9i| 92 83.6 88.7 JSm.i 27,08.' 2,142 3, 160 3,25f< C58 2,621 36,737 8,346 22,383 847 3,225 6, 148 3,00(i 1,693 656 76t 1,149 11,888 5, 145 7,' 37,099 33, 19; 28, 012 13,377 4, 102 6,454 5,362 9, 5S2 4,774 2,4:?2 1,839 1,184 864 1,673 2,605 2 227 l!404 5, 565 1, 755 9,532 > SI oil fl Price July 1. Sweet potatoes. Acreage. 5«.i 2.5,077 2,298 3,414 2,922 600 2,43' 36,288 8,438 22,653 946 3,383 8,137 3,S89 2,349 816 92S 918 16, 193 7,222 9,921 35,273 31,625 25,885 13,227 6,031 4,797 4,217 7,231 4,148 4,000 2,091 1,245 801 1,4.57 2,691 1,004 1,919 •1.2 1,094 8,161 993 644 99 9; 3,. 574 2,72'. 1,940 1,369 5,409 9, 248 6,311 10,474 i60,614 5,232 8,636 6,408 9, 375 356,627 CU 65 96 68 105 120 110 90 112 89 95 90 95 107 96 133 110 129 11 103 128 6' 60 65 120 114 124 120 126 118 106 96 8 86 93 9. 62 100 90 13 148 .54 82 60 4' 46 71 81.5 as 60 78 72 9; Condi- tion July 1. P.c. P.c. 89 88 90 593 77. 1 87. 3 5m.i 2,726 114 588 974 2,709 193 6,437 3,819 6, 162 1, 729 101 101 662 198 475 462 693 1,411 4,763 3,. so: 4, 663 3,88-1 479 1,290 Price June 15. 3,066 117 657 999 3,77! 210 7,737 4, 508 7,111 2,278 110 11? 841 19t 039 437 941 1,997 6.014 4,976 5,007 2, 92-; 3.:.; l,81i 49,474 80:> 57,628 70 92.5 101 100 115 ss 79 1.34 127 144 181 118 192 142 101 109 88 86 74 115 I Thousands (000) omitted. 32 farmers'' bulletin 611. Table 12. — Condition of products named and price of hay July i, ivith comparisons. Hay (all). Timo- thy. ClQ ver. Alfalfa. Millet. Pas- ture. Kafir com. Cana- dian peas. Cow- peas. State. Condi- tion Julyl. Price July 1. Condition July 1. 5? 1 1 to 1 03 i 05 1 6 1 o to 52 I 53 i 1 1 6 2 ID i s > 1 00 P.C. 94 cn P.C. C3 1-1 a) ofe Me P.c. 90 90 75 81 75 82 78 74 80 72 70 48 60 68 72 75 78 72 65 58 81 98 96 83 45 97 97 96 80 62 62 69 70 85 94 79 68 97 96 102 % 90 92 99 92 95 95 94 P.C. 87 8:i 88 88 89 87 80 84 82 81 77 79 79 86 85 88 90 79 80 79 81 85 77 81 76 81 75 80 80 78 82 87 86 88 81 78 82 93 89 87 89 92 89 95 93 93 90 82 Dols. 13. -10 Doh 14.6? P.C. 90 91 74 84 76 83 78 76 80 65 69 45 58 65 65 61 P.c. 91 88 90 91 91 90 83 83 83 SO 80 80 80 86 86 90 P.c. 90 88 74 79 69 74 74 70 75 71 69 50 63 69 70 68 P.C. 90 86 87 90 91 91 84 81 81 79 76 80 83 86 87 89 P.C .P.C. P.c. 90 95 91 85 90 90 81 80 83 p.c. 87 8S 88 88 88 88 83 84 86 P.c. 93 93 83 84 72 87 87 79 84 66 71 52 62 66 68 72 78 76 70 60 91 102 97 91 50 97 98 96 80 59 66 65 70 88 96 76 64 98 101 101 98 87 98 99 96 95 97 99 P.c. 94 90 93 91 91 91 89 84 87 S3 83 89 90 89 87 89 88 89 87 86 87 90 88 88 81 89 85 86 86 87 88 90 90 91 88 86 90 97 94 91 80 82 93 97 98 95 95 87 p.c. P.C. P.C. 92 P.C. N. H.. 17.8017.02 15.70|14.3S 20. -50121. 12 21,00.23.16 20.00;22.S8 15.00:15.62 20. 40 19. 48 14.5015.98 14. 20 16. 02 1 14. 00 16 08 17. 30 15. 96 17. 00 15. 98 IS. 00 15. 96 20.0019.10 17.5018.48 18.2017.26 12. 80 14. 32 13. 40 13. 32 14.6013.22 11.70 13. 50 10. 10 12. 14 7.00j 8.24 in.OO! 9.74 15.0011.20 79 65 70 Vt 82 84 90 R. I Conn N. Y 90 87 88 78 89 72 77 75 75 75 89 90 89 88 87 84 87 87 89 88 87 90 N. J 83 90 9? Pa 94 91 88 Del 80 91 Mc1 89 74 75 75 77 80 81 70 76 88 Va 65 70 80 76 72 85 84 88 84 88 65 86 W. Va 90 N.C 68 70 77 84 84 87 S. C 85 Oa 87 Fin, . 88 Ohio 71 64 58 82 97 95 81 40 93 94 94 77 60 60 75 79 80 79 81 85 S3 81 74 84 82 83 80 79 84 88 74 63 59 80 97 96 84 45 94 93 92 74 59 60 74 68 86 80 79 82 82 86 82 81 80 86 83 87 84 81 85 89 85 88 89 85 85 89 95 91 85 80 98 98 97 89 79 75 80 70 90 91 84 80 95 96 102 96 89 85 98 93 95 90 99 87 86 88 84 87 84 89 86 86 85 86 84 87 87 89 84 89 83 84 88 95 90 84 89 93 83 93 92 94 92 93 75 70 71 89 94 93 94 65 92 94 94 86 65 65 73 76 91 86 79 63 91 91 95 92 91 85 84 84 86 88 84 86 84 84 82 77 82 83 86 83 85 77 79 83 91 83 87 84 98 80 65 90 82 88 Ind . . . 86 11! SO S6 60 85 93 88 91 98 70 90 92 87 ■ 90 88 87 83 91 90 90 93 70 86 Wis 90 84 93 74 104 94 92 89 83 "80 "84 81 88 Minn Iowa Mo. .. 89 89 85 N. Dak.. 6.50 6.80 7.40 9.10 17.00 17. 80 16.00 6.62 7.14 8.36 8.08 14.80 15.14 14.02 S. Dak Ncbr. 91 92 Kans Ky... 91 89 70 71 75 75 77 88 85 65 84 86 Tenn Ala 60 65 68 72 73 75 81 92 70 95 98 98 92 "74 84 "95 "92 82 87 87 Mis3 12.9012.26 12.10 11.72 Sfi La 90 95 86 70 "82 85 84 86 Tex 10.60 8.00 13.00 8.30 8.00 9.00 10.50 15.20 8.80 9.60 7.80 10.40 8.40 8.50 10.98 8.04 12.26 10.64 9.74 10.46 11.62 11.06 8. 86 11.46 9.02 12. 98 10.42 11.58 84 Okla 85 70 95 96 97 93 85 84 95 90 89 85 8fi Ark 64 95 97 99 99 82 93 92 92 86 86 Mont ■\Vvo 98 . Colo 97 96 90 55 86 82 94 95 90 N. Mex Utah 95 100 88 94 94 100 94 97 94 93 92 90 96 100 95 96 95 98 94 94 95 95 93 92 95 96 95 94 90 96 84 99 8.3 Nev 90 93 97 "98 96 96 92 88 95 92 85 96 90 Wash 94 Oreg Cal.. 93 97 91 91 U.S.. 80.8 81.9 12.01 12.59 72.7 82.2 69.7 81.9 93.3 87.5 82.1 81.5 82.1 87.6 90.5 83.9 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 33 Table 13. — Fruits: Condition July 1, with comparisons. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massacliusetts. . . Riiode Island . . . Connecticut... New York New Jersey . . . Permsylvani.i. Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia . Florida. Ohio.... Indiana . Illinois.. Michigan.. Wisconsin. Minnesota. Iowa Missouri... North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky. . . . Tennessee . . Alabama. . . Mississippi . Louisiana . . Texas Oklahoma. Arkansiis. . Montana . . Wyoming. Colorado . . New Mexico . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Oregon California. . . United States. , ,„„ Peach- Apples. g3_ Pears. Grapes.L^'l^f^k^; Rasp- berries. Water- melons. Canta- Strai loupes ' •■ Condition July 1. P.c. P.c P.C. 15 P.C P.c. Si 66 55 73 80 70 55 78 68 45 67 53 56 65 59 57 67 62 50 53 74 95 P.c. 81 80 P.c. 71 66 64 51 58 50 46 52 59 51 57 53 53 46 64 70 93 88 41 401 75 ... 85 48, 76 48i 70 50 84 86 P.c P.c 90 88 90 87 85 80 86 84 85 75 98 P.c. 94 94 91 91 93 94 90 89 90 81 96 . 99 95! 90 99:. 84. 2 59. 4 56. 2 56. 6 62. 4 61. 8 89. 9 86. 9 77. 3 84. 2 S4. 7 84. 4 76. 3 79. 5 80. 2 79. 4 74. 2 79. 6 P.c P.c. P.c. 90; 90, 8S 82 78 73 P.c. P.c. "so P.c. o Liy vv - berries. Produc- tion.' P.c. 94 P.c. 91 76 68 78 77 76 66 90 95 9 95 100 83 95i 78 89 89 88 88 95 90 Production compared with a full crop. 34 FAKMEES" BULLETIN 611. Table 14. — Tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans, lima beans, peanuts, hops: Condition July 1, with comparisons. Toma- toes. Cabbages. Onio Beans (di-y). Lima beans. Peanuts. Hops. Condition July 1. State. •v 8> § 00 Ci a, i > as go 2 s > § of> ^ 4) >> es 03 QO ci > 03 2 P.ct. 88 88 85 86 92 87 92 85 84 70 74 64 76 73 70 70 77 82 77 72 88 92 90 91 67 87 91 91 84 ' 70 69 09 71 SO 75 76 62 91 92 90 91 86 95 88 70 ' 87 ; 89 . 93 77.0 1 p.ct. 89 86 90 87 88 89 87 89 85 86 85 88 89 89 SO 89 82 87 86 87 85 87 83 89 82 77 77 82 82 89 88 87 85 85 78 80 86 79 81 82 78 86 84 79 86 84 86 91 p.ct. 88 85 87 86 88 86 88 81 86 73 81 60 76 64 65 60 82 82 73 67 89 93 88 86 58 88 90 87 77 64 62 66 65 75 78 68 59 93 92 93 91 87 96 95 91 90 90 94 81.4 p.ct. 90 88 91 88 89 91 88 90 88 90 87 89 90 89 86 88 87 89 87 86 86 87 84 88 81 81 81 82 79 89 89 87 83 83 77 77 82 92 91 87 82 88 90 88 1 93 90 94 91 j87. 2 P.ct. 85 85 82 89 85 84 87 82 87 80 85 71 80 74 71 72 P.ct. 89 88 90 87 88 90 88 90 91 91 89 92 91 92 88 90 p.ct. 89 91 92 86 90 84 91 80 82 75 84 54 73 65 65 66 P.ct. 91 89 91 89 90 91 89 88 88 82 85 86 86 85 85 P.ct. 89 95 75 88 90 88 88 85 85 80 83 f5 76 68 / 70 fi5 P.ct) 91 86 1 86 85 86 87 87 85 I 87! 84 81 So 86 88 84 88 P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. p.ct. Massacliusetls - 87 84 Maryland 83 S3 North Carolina 82 75 80 84 86 85 88 90 85 81 76 88 94 90 91 74 92 93 93 89 80 76 81 77 79 80 87 77 93 96 94 92 87 99 96 94 91 91 96 84.7 90 88 88 86 89 87 91 85 86 84 85 84 91 92 91 88 86 84 84 89 93 92 90 90 91 93 91 94 91 92 93 80 80 74 89 90 89 88 68 93 93 90 90 63 65 64 73 83 88 80 58 90 88 80 86 90 90 88 88 80 86 84 85 78 85 86 86 86 83 80 78 80 81 76 74 86 90 eo 86 68 92 93 88 84 66 56 67 70 80 84 79 55 97 89 84 85 87 88 85 88 81 84 80 86 85 87 86 86 80 76 80 Kan s?.s Kentucky 70 78 80 81 77 78 67 83 SS 86 89 84 82 So 96 94 91 90 86 87 88 86 95 89 87 New Mexico 95 92 Utah 97 87 Idaho Washington California 74 87 89 96 89.5 90 88 90 89 71 94 95 92 91 89 89 91 97 95 86 91 89 95 90 90 United States S6.2 88.8 88.8 77.9 185.7 1 80.8 86.4 91.4 88.0 THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 35 Table 15. — Condition of sorghum, sugm- beets, sugar cane, broom corn; iveight per fleece and price of wool, with comparisons. Sorghum. Sugar beets Sugar cane Wool. Broom com. s o c o i < Condition July 1. Condition July 1. Condition July 1. Weight per fleece. Price June 15. Condition July 1. State. j 1 1 S >> > 03 6 i > 03 OS 1 02 > c: 1 P.c. 1 P.c. P.c. P.c. p.c. P. c p.c. Lbs. 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.2 4.9 5.5 6.2 5.5 5.9 5.4 6.0 4.6 5.1 3.9 3.9 2.8 3.1 6.5 6.4 7.0 6.8 7.1 .7.4 7.5 6.7 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.0 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.6 4.0 6.5 5.9 4.5 7.8 8.0 5.4 5.9 6.7 7-4 7.4 7.8 8.0 8.0 6.5 Lbs. 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 51 5 2 6.5 5.2 6.1 5.4 5.5 4.6 4.6 3.9 3.7 2.9 3.1 6.7 6.5 7.5 6.8 7.3 7.2 7.9 6.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 0.9 4.6 4.2 3.3 3.8 3.5 6.3 5.6 4.2 7.5 8.3 5.3 5.7 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.7 8.3 8.2 Lbs. 6.0 6.0 6.6 6.1 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.9 5.2 5.4 4.5 4.7 3.6 3.4 2.8 3.1 6.4 6.5 7.3 6.8 7.1 6.8 7.2 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.0 4.8 4.0 3.1 3.5 3.6 6.0 5.9 3.8 7.5 7.8 5.9 5.7 6.6 7.3 7.3 7.6 8.0 .8_n Cts. 21 19 20 20 Cts. 20 19 19 P.c. P.c. 1 i j New York ' 20 "'21' 19 17 20 Pennsylvania . . Delaware i r Maryland ! 23 22 24 21 17 19 19 24 22 20 23 21 18 19 20 16 16 16 "'21' 19 16 16 16 15 16 16 18 18 16 16 15 15 15 17 16 17 17 21 21 21 20 15 19 19 20 20 18 19 18 16 IS 19 15 16 14 15 20 19 18 16 14 14 17 16 18 15 14 13 "' Virginia. . 93 90 95 94 95 99 95 95 90 98 95 95 93 97 74 73 80 75 79 85 84 81 76 77 88 86 94 74 85 87 88 86 89 m 86 84 83 81 87 83 89 83 West Virginia North Carolina. South. Carolina 77 80 80 84 88 88 Georgia Florida Ohio 80 78 92 92 92 86 94 85 88 91 87 90 87 90 Iniliana 77 83 Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota 1 low;^ 1 Missouri 64 78 North Dakota South Dakota 115 100 100 95 95 98 98 92 97 95 90 80 96 90 73 73 76 77 81 92 86 71 Nebraska 86 84 86 87 86 85 85 83 89 87 94 89 88 87 100 90 82 78 Kansas Kentucky Tennessee 68 Alabama 77 79 81 86 88 88 89 86 Mississippi Louisiana Texas 90 82 80 80 Oklahoma Arkansas 66 87 Montana 93 97 93 90 92 88 90 89 Wyoming Colorado 103 105 80 98 95 9& 90 98 88 88 92 90 95 85 New Mexico Arizona ;::::;::: Utah 97 90 91 92 86 95 92 15 14 16 14 15 14 Nevada Idaho 105 110 96 94 94 94 92 92 Washington Oregon California 5.8 5.6 United States. 95.4 79.6 85.3 92.6 89. 8 80.8 88.6 6.8 6.8 6.7 18.4 16.6 8?. 7 80 5 36 farmers' bulletin 611. Table 16. — Prices -paid to producers of agricultural products June 15.^ Hogs. Beef cattle. Veal calves. Sheep. Eg gs. Milch cows. Horses. State. OS ■^ S 03 5 to >, en 0) -^ 8, i cS 03 1 01 t u % S 2 I Maine Dols. 7.70 8.40 7. GO 9.00 9. CO 11.50 7.80 8. CO 8.00 8.70 7.70 7.70 8.10 8.20 7.70 7.80 6.90 7.70 7.00 7.50 7. CO 7.50 7.30 7.50 7.50 6.90 7.20 7.40 7.50 7.30 7.20 7.00 6.50 6.50 7.10 7.10 0. 40 7.80 8.00 7.70 7. CO 7.90 7.00 8.30 7.10 7.20 7.10 8.00 Dols. 7.38 7.62 7.00 8.75 8.50 8.80 7.30 8.C2 7.80 8.73 7.45 7.02 7.45 7.45 7.28 7.22 6.42 7.38 7.38 7.28 7.28 7. 25 7.05 7.28 7.08 6.80 7.02 7.12 7.15 6.98 6.65 6.65 6.48 5.80 6.55 6. 92 5.92 7.82 7.50 7.30 7.35 8.05 7.88 7.90 7.12 7.65 7.65 7.18 Dols. 7.50 7.00 6.10 6.50 Dels. 7.28 6.02 4.95 6.00 Dols. 8.10 8.40 7.50 9.50 10.00 10.00 8.80 10.00 8.70 10.00 9.60 8.20 8.20 6.50 5.30 5.40 6.00 8.40 7. CO 8.00 8.00 7.90 7.40 8.30 7.70 7.50 7.80 8.10 7.60 7.20 7.00 5. 20 Dols. 7.78 7.22 6.35 8.88 8.37 8.83 7.65 8.45 7.62 9.00 8.00 6.80 6.73 5.22 4.98 4.50 6.25 7.18 6.70 6.78 6.80 6.70 6.02 6.38 6.32 6.25 6.05 6.68 6.60 6.15 5.42 4.15 4.32 5.02 5.30 5.95 5.35 7.85 7.10 8.12 7.00 6.67 8.30 7.07 7.40 7.70 7.38 6.72 Dols. 5.00 5.00 3.70 Dols. 4.88 5.70 4.12 Cts. 24 24 20 28 27 25 22 26 22 21 19 18 19 18 20 18 21 IS 17 16 19 17 16 16 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 18 15 14 16 22 23 21 24 31 20 30 19 22 23 24 Cts. 23 24 21 28 30 27 22 25 21 20 18 17 18 16 18 17 21 18 17 16 18 17 16 15 14 15 16 14 14 15 14 15 16 16 13 14 14 25 21 21 23 29 19 30 22 23 22 23 Dols. 56. 30 58. 00 53. 30 70.00 76.00 72.00 66.00 71.50 64. 70 56.60 56.00 49.80 59.00 41.00 41.00 39.50 45.40 6.3.00 55. .50 62.50 60.30 66.50 62.10 62.40 57.00 64.20 66. 60 66. 40 62.00 52.50 49.30 38.80 40.50 40.00 65.50 56. 20 44.00 81.00 75. 00 70.00 63. 50 97.00 70.00 75.00 78.00 77.00 74.30 74.70 Dols. 50. 80 53.40 48.10 56. 88 62.22 53.75 54.58 57. 52 50.15 44.17 39.30 38.40 41.65 33. 68 36.52 33.08 40.38 49.12 46. 32 51.08 46. 35 51.88 43.92 49.95 47.58 47.10 45.95 49. 48 49.60 40.70 37.70 31.05 30.50 32.35 43.45 43.72 32.20 57.20 57.95 55.52 56. 48 61.65 47.48 62.50 54.12 62.08 53.52 55. 32 Dols. 220 175 180 245 Dols. 202 New Hampshire 186 167 197 4.70 8.00 6.00 6.70 7.20 6.00 7.50 6.30 6.70 5.20 4.60 4.80 5.30 7.10 6.80 7.00 6.60 5.80 6.10 7.40 6.80 5.90 6.60 6.90 6. 70 6.30 5.80 4.60 4.eo 5.50 5.60 5.70 4.80 6.80 7.40 7.00 7.50 6.10 6.00 6.50 6.00 6. 60 6. 70 6.60 7.37 5.38 6. 08 6.52 5.80 5.72 4.95 5.20 4.20 4.18 3.92 4. GO 5.85 5.50 5.78 5.35 4. 68 4.78 5.95 5.55 4.80 5.32 5.90 5. 82 5.08 4.35 3.28 195 175 182 176 145 140 143 150 160 174 157 145 156 145 145 169 170 156 154 115 137 129 125 117 125 140 137 119 90 91 97 102 138 100 102 72 117 130 150 130 140 82 125 206 New York 4.50 4.18 182 194 Pennsylvania Delaware 5.00 5.60 4.50 4.50 4.60 4.00 5.20 4.20 '4." 40 4.10 4.40 4.40 4.50 4.70 4.70 4.40 4.70 4.70 5.60 5.20 3.80 3.90 4.10 4.00 5.5( 5.00 4.00 3.90 5.10 5.70 4.50 4.50 3.90 5.00 5.00 4.40 5.10 4.70 4.80 4.88 5.23 4.85 4.12 4.15 4.42 5.18 4.52 4.75 4.02 4.05 4.10 4.50 4.40 4.48 4.70 4.15 4.72 4.45 5.08 5.02 3.78 3.68 3.65 3.98 4.98 4.38 4.42 3.55 5.78 5.33 5.05 4.90 4.17 5.00 4.92 4.78 4.75 4.68 4.92 178 148 Maryland 145 144 West Virginia North Carolina 144 152 179 Georgia Florida.. 162 148 Ohio 166 Indiana Illinois 155 155 Michigan 172 Wisconsin 172 Miimesota 165 168 Missouri 132 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee 158 148 137 134 134 147 138 Mississippi 3.C0! 5.90 4.12; 6.00 4.42, 6.40 4.78 6.90 3.70, 5.9C 6. 12! 9. 00 5. 38 10. 50 119 92 Texas 96 Oklahoma 110 114 Montana 140 118 Colorado 5.95 5.50 5.38 5.48 5.93 5.15 5.68 5. 68 5.88 9.30 9.00 7.90 9.00 7.00 8.00 7.70 7.90 7.80 126 New Mexico 87 112 Utah 122 Nevada 115 141 Washington 150 128 California 158 United States 7.43 7.10 6.32 5.22 7.69 6.54 4.70 4.70 17.6 16.9 59.82 47.09 136. 40 146. 54 1 Hogs, cattle, calves, and sheep, dollars per 100 pounds; horses and cows, dollars per head; eggs, cents per dozen. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 37 Table 17. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. June 15 — 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 July 15- May 15 1914 1913 1912 Hogs per 100 pounds. Beef cattle do Veal calves do Sheep do Lambs do Milch cows per head.. Horses do Honey, comb per pound. , Wool, unwashed do Maple sugar do Maple sirup per gallon. , Apples per bushel. . Peanuts per pound . . Beans per bushel.. Sweet potatoes do Cabbage per 100 pounds. . Onions per bushel.. Clover seed do Timothy seed do Alfalfa seed do Broom corn per ton. , Cotton seed do Hops per pound. , Paid by farm.ers: Clover seed . . .per bushel. , Timothy seed do Alfalfa seed do Bran per ton. $7.43 6.32 7.69 4.70 6.47 59.82 136. 00 .138 .184 .122 1.12 1.36 .051 2.23 .92 2.61 1.41 7.96 2.23 6.83 88.00 23.62 9.86 2.98 8.31 27.75 12.47 2.44 9.73 24.67 13.49 7.37 10. 25 29.35 151.00 25.87 12.12 2.57 9.41 24.65 12.82 6.59 10.07 28.41 9.77 2.97 8.38 28.08 12.90 2.40 9.75 24.59 $6.79 5.36 6.23 4.74 6.16 45.63 144.00 .137 .178 .116 1.09 1.29 .049 2.52 1.19 2.98 1.77 12.53 7.16 83.00 19.21 .372 30.18 Table 18. — Range of prices of agricultural product^i at market centers. Products and markets. July 1, 1914. June, 1914. May, 1914. June, 1913. June, 1912. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . No. 2 rod wmter, Chicago No. 2 red wmter, New York ' Corn per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2, mixed, New York ' . . . $0. 76i-.?0. 77i .793- .H) . 99 - 1. 00 .681- .68 J .68i- .70 $0. 75J-,S0. 97 .965- LIO .68i- .73J .OSi- .73i SO. 93 -SO. 9Si . 94 - 1. OOJ L04 - Llli .69^- .73 . 67 - . 72* $0. 93 -SI. 07 .93-1. 08 1. 08 - 1. 12i .57 - .64 .58i- .63 SI. 06 -$L19 1. 06 - 1. 13| 1.21i- 1.28i .72J- .79 .72-1- .76 781- in Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis .37- .37 . 36 - . 36A . 58 - . oSX 14. 50 -15. 50 .36 - .38 . 24 - .25 . 32 - .33 8. 20 - 8. 40 .27i- .27^ .26i- .26 J . 24 - .28 . 18 - .18 .141- -l^i .3C|- .403 .373- .42 . 58 - .67 14. 50 -16. 00 . 30 - .40 .22 - .25 .30- .33 7. 80 - 8. 40 .26i- .28 .26i- .27i .221- .28 . 14 - .18 .13i- .15 .3SA- .41 .37^- .42i .02- .07 15. 00 -17. 50 .38 - .41 . 22 - . 23 .30- .31 7. SO - 8. 67i .25^ .27 .23i- .26 . 22 - .24 .171- -ISf . 13 - . 13| .37-i- -43 .3SJ- .43J . 60 - . 63J 13.50 -15.00 . 17 - .19 .20- .21 . 29 - .29 8. 40 - 8. SO . 26i- . 28a .26|- .28 .23 - .28 .141- -17 . 14 - . 14i .49-i- .54i .Mh- .53f . 75 - .90 Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- Hop's per pound: Choice, New York 37 45 Wool per pound: Ohio line unwashed, Boston. Best tub washed, St. Louis. . Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk .21 - .23 .33 - .35 7 25 7 70 Butler per pound: Creamery, extra. New York . . Creamery, extra, Elgin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh. New York Average best fresh , S t . Louis . Cheese per pound: Colored,2New York .26- .271 . 25 - . 25i .21- .27 . 16 - .17 131 14 1 F. o. b. afloat. 2 September colored— September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August, 38 FARMEES BULLETIN 611. Table 19. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent co)idition on Aug. 1 in each State. State. S o o 1 ! p. O 1 pq i 3. o i o p< . 6 i o i s C5' Bu. Bu. 48.0 27.0 48.0 46. 28. 50.0 42.0 ' 51.0 44.0 43.0 1 40.5 Bu. 40.5 39.0 41.5 38.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 36.0 36.0 35.5 33.5 24.5 28.0 21.7 25.8 23.7 20.0 41.0 38.5 41.5 38.0 40.5 40.5 38.0 35.0 30.5 35.0 35.0 30.2 29.0 26.0 23.0 23.5 26.0 41.5 37.0 29.5 50.0 41.0 44.0 40.0 45.0 48.0 45.0 47.5 53.0 40.0 41.0 Bu. 31.0 28.7 34.0 Bu. 33.5 31.0 27.0 23.0 Bu. 235 150 150 140 155 130 120 128 106 118 110 10{i 110 95 103 93 110 108 114 107 122 130 129 120 100 118 100 100 91 98 90 9t) 105 87 83 88 95 170 155 135 105 115 190 172 190 170 145 148 Bu. /.6s. 1,966' 1,900 1,900 Bu. Bu. Tom. 1.25 1.26 1.47 1.40 1.27 1.35 1.45 1.60 1.55 1.55 1.60 1.45 1.50 1.55 L40 1.55 1.50 1.58 1.55 1.50 1.50 1.68 1.80 1.55 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.05 1.00 1.50 1.60 1.00 1.65 1.75 1.50 1.35 1.50 1.95 2.40 2.50 2.(;o 3. .50 2.95 3.10 3.10 2.40 2. 30 1. 95 Lbi. "so.'o' '29.' 6" 32.6 30.0 21.0 25. 5 26.0 23.5 21.5 20.5 21.5 25.0 21.5 "isi' 132 143 142 117 126 112 111 101 123 125 127 123 1,880 1,450 New York i,6i6 37.0 41.0 29.5 3.5.0 22.0 22.0 17.5 10.0 45.0 45.0 43.0 41.5 42.5 40.0 42.5 37.0 32.0 33.0 32.0 2S.0 34.0 29.5 19.8 20.7 17.8 18.8 15.0 15.2 17.2 16.5 Man'land 880 900 900 800 910 900 930 1,030 1,080 950 275 West Virginia North Carolina 31.5 28.5 32.5 30.0 305 285 240 Florida 150 Ohio 32.5 31.2 32.5 29.5 33.0 30.5 31.0 28.3 27.5 28.0 28.0 27.0 29.6 29.0 22.0 20.5 22.0 19.0 18.5 20.0 19.0 18.0 '2i.'5" 17.0 18.5 Wisconsin 1,470 15.2 11.2 12.0 8.7 10.5 10.0 9.S 8.9 Iowa 120 115 i,'i56" 350 105 115 104 lei 109 109 101 98 110 .110 i,'656' 940 700 Kansas Kentucky 245 33.5 36. 37.0 39.0 '43." 6' 220 22.3 25.0 1 257 1 590 810 "mi 12.0 "ii.'i' 230 Texas 27.0 28.0 25.5 33.0 27.5 24.5 30.0 35. 5 34.3 35.0 34.0 31.0 32.0 41.0 28.0 30.0 29.0 25.0 27.5 30.0 31.0 29.0 23.5 22.0 33.0 32.0 211 Oklahoma 22'; 2J9 Montana . 37.0 35.0 40.0 36.0 41.0 43.0 41.0 43.8 42.5 37.5 33.0 ...... Wyoming Colorado .... 8.5 New Mexico 175 148 . Utah 1 Idaho 1 1 Oregon.. 173 54.0 United States 33.5 17.4 37.9 31.3 23.8 123.5 111.6 1,006 10.6 38.5 1.65 234.1 THE AGRICULTURAL OLTTLOOK. 39 O WASHI.XGTON : GOVERXMENT I'KI.NTINti OFFICE : 1914 .^ U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE • Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. August 22, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Page. General review of crop conditions, Avigust 1, 1914 1 Special comments, by States 3 Outlook for 191i foieign wheat crop 11 Cotton condition, July 1, 1914, with comparisons. 13 Apple-crop forecast 14 Percentage of apple shipments in carload lots. . 14 Sugar-beet forecast lo Durum-wheat exports 15 Page. Clover seed in Oregon 10 Trend of prices of farm products 16 Supply of cattle hides 17 Acreage, condition, forecast, and prices of speci- fied crops (tables) 23 Prices of farm products (tables) 34 The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on September 1 30 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF SEPTEMBER CROP REPORTS. The report showing the condition of the cotton crop on August 25 will lie issued on Monday, August 31, at 12 noon (eastern time). On Tuesday, September S, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), a crop report will be Lssued which wUl give a sum- mary of the condition on September 1 (or at time of harvest) of corn, spring wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, tobacco, flaxseed, rice, and apples, and the yield and quality of hay. On Wednesday, September 9, a supplemental report will be issued which will show the following: The condition on September 1 (or at time of harvest) of sweet potatoes, tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans, grapes, pears, millet, kafir corn, cranberries, oranges, lemons, hemp, broom com, sugar cane, sorghum, sugar beets, hops, and peanuts; production, as compared with a full crop of peaches, watermelons, canta- loupes, alfalfa, and bluegrass; acreage, as compared with last year, and condition of clover for seed; quality of peaches; and number of stock hogs, as compared with last year, and their condition. GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS, AUGUST 1, 1914. The month of July was very unfavorable for crop gro\vtli in the United States, the composite condition of all crops on August 1 being 2.0 per cent below their 10-year average, w^hereas on July 1 prospects were 1.4 per cent above the 10-year average; how^ever, prospects are still 5.0 per cent better than the outturn of last year's crops, -which w-ere unusually poor. Improvement occurred during July in nearly all of the Atlantic Coast States, the northern States of Michigan and Wisconsin, and the Mountain States (except Montana and Wyoming). In nearly all other parts of the United ^States crops deteriorated during July. Poorest crop conditions prevail in Kentucky and sections of 57071°— Bull. 615—14 1 farmers' bulletin 615. States adjacent to it. The plienomeiial wheat crop of Kansas raises the aggregate condition in that State above all others. Winter wheat is the banner crop this year, with tobacco the lowest in con- dition on August 1. Table 1. — Estimated yields indicated by the condition of crops on Aug. 1, 1914, and final yields in preceding years, for comparison. Yield per acre. Total production in millions of bushels. Price, Aug . 1. Crop. 19141 1909- 1913 aver- age. 1914 1 Final. 1914 1913 August fore- cast. July fore- cast. 1913 1909- 1913 aver- age. 1913 aver- age. Winter wheat Bu. 2 19.1 1.3.1 17.1 2.5.1 30.0 28. 9 M6.8 21.5 99.7 81.1 687.6 8.7 33.9 1.44 Bu. 15.6 1.3.3 M.7 25.9 30.6 24.3 1S.1 20.5 97.1 92.7 815.1 7.8 33. 3 1.34 Bn. 2 675 236 911 2, 634 1,1.53 203 3 43 17 370 50 791 17 24 69 Bu. 653 274 927 2,917 1,197 211 '"'mi' 49 757 18 24 Bu. 523 240 763 2,447 1,122 178 41 14 332 59 954 18 26 64 Bu. 441 245 686 2,708 1,131 182 35 17 357 58 996 20 24 66 Cts. Cts. Cts. Spring wheat All wheat. 76.5 76.8 36.7 45.1 61.0 81.2 87.1 97.5 77.1 6.5.4 37.6 50.8 60.7 72.4 69.2 91 1 Com 70 6 Oats 42 8 Barley 60 6 Rve 73 4 77 9 88 3 Sweet potatoes Tobacco pounds. . Flax 150.7 118.6 167 9 Kice Hay (tame) tons. . $11.. 52 $11.16 $11.97 1 Interpreted from condition reports. 2 Preliminary estimate. Details for crops in all States may be found in Tables 12 to 22. Table 2. — Growing condition of the various crops on Aug. 1, expressed in percentages of their 10-year average (not the normal) on Aug. 1, and the improvement (-f-) o^' decline ( — ) during July. Crop. Condi- tion in percent- age of 10-year aver- age, Aug. 1. Change during July. Crop. Condi- tion in percent- age of 10-year aver- age, Aug. 1. Change during July. Crop, Condi- tion in percent- age of 10-year aver- age, Aug. 1. Change during July. Wheat . 118.7 113.3 105. 4 104.7 104.7 103.9 103. 8 103. 4 103.4 103.3 102.9 102.2 101.8 - 2.0 -1-5.2 -t- .5 -1- 1.2 -1- 4.3 - 5.8 - 4.1 + .3 - 2.2 -1-4.6 -F 3.6 - 2.4 - 1.0 Cantaloupes Millet 101.2 100.8 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.7 99.4 99.1 98.1 97.1 95. 5 95.2 95.1 + -2 + .1 - 3.2 - 2.7 -10.3 j - 4.9 ' + .8 ^ - 2.9 4-3.6 - 3.1 1 -f 1.9 + .8 Tomatoes 93.5 93.4 91.6 91.4 91.4 91.3 91.3 91.2 90.9 87.3 85.3 82.2 SI. 6 4-4 2 — 2.0 Timothy Blackberries. . .. Sorghum Pastures Corn -h 3.2 Broom corn Buckwheat Pears Flax — .4 Raspberries Barley Kafir corn - 1.9 - 2.5 -10.0 Sugar beets CloA-er -f- 6.1 Alfalfa Oats Luna beans Sweet potatoes.. Sugar cane Hay (all) Peanuts - 1.0 Peaches Cotton - 5.9 Oranges Cabbages Potatoes - 5.4 Beans (drying).. -t- 3.6 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Table 3. — Combined condition of all crops on Aug. 1, 1914, by States {100= average), and change during July. State. Condi- tion of all crops, Aug. 1 (100= aver- age). Change during July. Maine 109.1 113. a 9S.4 10(5. 3 95.8 + 6.8 + S.2 + 8.3 + 11.3 + 2.5 New Hampshire Vermont Massachii.sett.s than any other country, the United States being next in order, the exports from Germany were so much greater than those from the United States that the net im- ports of this country far exceed those of Germany and are much more than those of any other prominent importing country. Although Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom figure largely in the export trade in cattle hides, in reality they are all countries of deficiency, and their national con- sumption depends on foreign countries for a large contribution. In the absence of an increase in the world's supply of cattle hides, it is evident that the supply of the United States from foreign countries, under European war conditions, is subject to diversions and interruptions. A great portion of the imports have come in the sliips of other countries, and some of the more prominent of those countries are unable to continue the service. If the United States or other countries supply a substitute service, cattle hides will continue to be imported, presumably at least in usual quantities and as required. Indeed, assuming that war conditions in other countries are reducing the consumption of cattle hides in those countries, at least for reexport in manufactured goods, it follows, in the absence of a diminution in the world's supply of cattle hides, that a large share of the supply may be available to the United States if the means of ocean transpor- tation are sufficient. 20 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 615. Table 8. — Exports of cattk hides from principal countries in 1912. [Ye;irbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture; 000 omitted.] Country. Total. Quantity. Per cent of total. Dried. Wet, or salted. Argentina Austria-Hungary Brazil British India British Soutli Africa China (buffalo) Chosen ( Korea) Cuba(1911) Egypt (1911, including camel) France ( large) Germany Italy Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Peru (1911) Ru.ssia (large and small hides) Singapore ( 1911) Spain (unclassified) Sweden ( 191 1) Switzerland United Kingdom United States Uruguay (1910) Venezuela .■ Other countries (including buffalo). Pounds. 242, 993 42, 846 79, 927 127,446 20, 595 43, 920 4,448 14,248 6,889 77, 828 111,671 35, 203 32, 635 64,649 4,544 4,461 110,614 5,111 8,202 28, 588 15, 897 30,447 20, 514 48, 045 7,426 98,510 All countries (including buffalo) 1, 287, 657 18.9 3.3 6.2 9.9 1.6 3.4 .4 1.1 .5 6.0 S.7 2.7 2.5 5.0 .4 .4 8.6 .4 .6 2.2 1.2 2.4 1.6 3.7 .6 7.7 Pounds. 69,469 8, 253 16,316 21,645 28,065 Pounds. 173, 524 34,593 63,611 29,485 Table 9. — Imports of cattle hides into principal countries in 1912. [Yearbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture; 000 omitted.] Country. Austria-Hungary Belgium (wet) British India Finland ( 1911) France ( large ) Germany (including buffalo) Greece (unclassified) Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal ; Roumania (1911, including buffalo) Russia Singapore (1911, unclassified) Sweden (1911) United Kingdom (including calf skins). United States (including buffalo) Other countries (including buffalo) All countries (including buffalo) 1,445,642 Total. Quantity. Pounds. 72, 883 186, 116 21, 174 7,123 118,578 325, 167 5, 257 46,517 5,674 72,321 15, 189 7,576 8, 629 79, 773 7,835 23, 845 110,615 314,478 16, 892 Per cent of total. Dried. Pounds. 37, 877 3, 186 '88 ,'521' 35, 791 3,475 7,398 6,861 "is.'sii' 'i67,'24i Wet, or salted. Pounds. 35,006 186, 116 3,937 236, 646 36, 530 11,714 178 72,912 ""5,' 334 '267,' 237 J I THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 21 No increase in the world's supply of cattle hides from mcreased production would seem now to be indicated, without a slaughter of breeding stock. The herds of the principal surplus countries are about stationary in numbers. While they are gradually increasing in Canada, New Zealand, and Uruguay, a stationary condition or diminishing tendency exists in Argentina, Australia, Cuba, Mexico, Russia, and the United States. Table 10 maybe examined for an understanding of the drift of cattle production in principal surplus hide countries and the United States. Table 10. — A' umber of cattle in selected countries at a certain date in specified years. [Cattle not on farms and ranges included for some countries, unifonnlj' for all j-ears.] Country and year. AKGENTINA. 1888 1895 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 AUSTRALIA. 1890 1894 1895 1897 1899 1900 1902 1905 1900 1907 1909 1910 1911 1912 URAZIL. Latest and best esti mate CANADA. ISO! 1901 Number of cattle. 21,901,(157 21,701,526 29,110,025 27,824,-509 28,827,900 28.780,1 {8 29,010,000 28,500,000 10,299,913 12,311,017 11,767,488 10,832,457 9,045,090 8,040,225 7.062,742 8,528,331 9.349,409 10,128,486 11,040,391 11,744,714 11,828,954 11,577,259 30,705,000 4,120,586 5,372,504 Country and year. CANADA— contd 1911 1912 1913 COLOMBL\. 1890 1909 CUBA. 1891 1895 1899 1906 1910 1912 MEXICO. 1902 NEW ZEALAND. 1891 1896 1897 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1908 1911 Number of cattle. 6, 533; 436 6.431,861 6,656,121 3,465.000 4,000,000 2,455,788 2,485,766 376,650 2,566,870 3,212,087 2,829,553 5,142.457 788,919 1,047,901 1,209,165 1,361,784 1,460,663 1,593,547 1,736.850 1,810,936 1,851,750 1,773,. 326 2,020,171 Country and year. PAEAGUAY. 1899 1902 1908 1912 RUSSIA, EUROPEAN 1890 1900 1908 1910 1911 UOTTED STATES. 1890, June 1 1900, June 1 1910, Aprill5 1911 1912 1913 1914 URUGUAY. 1900 1908 VENEZUELA. 1909 Number of cattle. 28. .')4 1,400 34.483.900 32,139,378 34,615,715 33,290,223 51,303.572 67,719,410 61,803.866 60.502.000 57,959,000 56,527,000 57,592,000 6,827,428 8,192,002 The diminishing marketings of cattle since 1907, and especially since 1910, in Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Sioux City, St. Joseph, and St. Paul, tell the tale of a diminishing hide production in this country. As Table 11 shows, the number of cattle received at those markets in 1900 was 7,179,344, and the number steadily increased to 9,590,710 in 1907. There was a marked decline to 8,827,360 cattle in 1908, followed by a gain in the next two years, but since themarketingof 9,265,408 cattle in the cities named in 1910 the decline has been rapid to 7,904,552 cattle in 1913. During the first half of 1912 the receipts of cattle at these cities were 3,268,228; of 1913, 3,324,201; and of 1914,- 2,994,501 cattle. 22 farmers' bulletin 615. Table 11. — Marketings of cattle and calves. [Combined receipts at Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Sioux City, St. Joseph, and St. Paul.] Year. 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 Number. Cattle. Calves. 1 7,179,344 7,708,839 8,375,408 8,878,789 8,690,699 9,202,083 9,373,825 9,590,710 8,827,360 9,189,312 2.304,310 2 356, 952 517,702 5.50, 5.59 513,034 730,639 7%, 793 834,781 854,687 868, 564 Year. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Jan. to June 1912 1913 1914 Number. Cattle. Calves.i , 265, 408 ,768,456 ,159,888 ,904,552 208,228 324,201 994,501 981,309 975, 176 909, .526 740,062 477,465 371,662 345, 783 1 Receipts at Chicago, Kansas City, St. Joseph, St. Paul, and Sioux City. St. Louis. 2 No data for Sioux City. No returns for Omaha and The trend of the calf slaughter in this country, which has been regarded as excessive in recent years, is shown in Table 11 by the receipts of calves at the seven cities mentioned from 1900 to 1913 and during the first half of 1912, 1913, and 1914. From 1902, when 517,702 calves were received, the receipts increased to 981,309 in 1910, or nearly doubled in eight years. The decline during the three years since 1910 has been more marked than the increase during the three years preceding. During the first half of 1914 the receipts of calves at the seven cities were only about two-thirds of the number in the first half of 1912. T\Tiile farmers may be raising more calves to maturity, it may be true on the other hand that fewer calves are born. Apparently, the leather industries in this country may reckon on a diminishing suppl}^ of cattle hides from the United States for present purposes, and will need to depend on a redistribution of the world's supply in international trade, not only for any increase of imports but to prevent a great decrease. The Fruit Commissioner's Branch of the Canadian Department of Agriculture, under date of July 13, 1914, reports that the 1914 Canadian apple crop, from current indications, will be above average, and one that, with proper attention given to distribution and mar- keting, will return to the growers satisfactory figures. On April 1, 1914, there were in the United States postal service 43,068 rural free delivery routes with a total length of 1,045,903 miles, and 12,090 ''star" routes having a total length of 154,427 miles; hence more than 1,000,000 miles of country roads are traversed regu- larly by United States mails. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 23 Table 12.- -Corn and n^heat: Condition, forecast, and price of corn, and price of all vheat, Aug. 1, 1914, tvith comparisons. State. Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island. . . . Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina. . . South Carolina... Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas .Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado " New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon Calilornia United States Corn. Condi- tion Aug. 1. Forecast from con- dition. BushchA 630 877 1,822 2,160 430 2,613 20, 131 10,877 61,227 6,341 24, 193 46, 469 19,471 51, 767 33, 022 53,501 8, 366 137, 592 149, 212 289, 171 60, 387 66, 470 90,-566 396, 341 181,856 13, 057 74, 749 195, 698 133, 478 76, 942 69, 178 44, 593 50,408 36,252 115, 154 50, 274 36, 236 1,081 480 10, 979 2,643 607 366 34 605 993 627 2, 288 Bushels.^ 626 840 1,802 l,9a3 416 2,707 19, 673 9,710 58, 549 5,886 22,237 44,644 19, 863 49, 881 35, 629 55,298 8,146 146, 306 189, 448 376,015 63,822 62, 730 82, 426 404, 796 207, 444 12, 607 85, 494 217, 028 138, 890 96, 086 77, 720 48, 372 53,333 42, 798 138,611 73, 744 40,817 1,004 527 10, 644 2,478 592 359 34 585 972 634 2,386 4.8 81.9 2,6^4,214 2,916,572 2,446,988 2,708,334 Final estimates. 608 814 1,665 1,944 402 2,348 15, 020 10, 862 57,057 6,206 22,110 51,480 22, 692 55, 282 38, 512 63,023 10, 125 146, 250 176, 400 282, 150 56,112 66, 825 96,000 338, 300 129,062 10, 800" 67,320 114, IsO 23,424 74, 825 68, 675 55,360 63,000 41,800 1613, 200 52, 250 47,025 882 493 6, ,300 1,572 476 340 34 448 952 598 1,815 C3 tU0O3 BusheUA 694 967 1,792 2,041 430 2,755 18, 682 10,157 56, 524 6,089 22,211 46, 959 20. 137 47. 884 31,564 53, 482 8,628 154, 651 186,900 366, 883 54,829 56, 346 76, 584 352, 236 200, 859 6,938 60, 509 164, 878 129,700 92, 543 80, 767 49,107 ,51,103 35, 131 120, 286 75,412 48, 439 533 268 6,409 1,838 457 2.54 29 362 800 542 1,745 Price Aug. 1. Cts. All wheat. Price Aug. 1. Cts. 100 81 8.5 81 73 72 81 80 68 68 7S 80 118 78 100 76 68 71 70 101 76 94 95 72 ■6.5 1 Thousands (000) omitted. 24 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 615. Table 13. — Winter and spring wheat: Preliminary estimate of production of winter wheat; condition and forecast, Aug. 1, 1914, of spring uhcat, ivith eoinparisons . Winter wheat. Spring wheat. State. Yield per acre. c o 1 s o 03 " O Final estimates. Condi- tion, Aug. 1. Forecast from condition. Final estimates. OS 1 S t^03 rH 0) < "3 2 a Moi Bu. Bu. JSm.i JSm.i Bm.i J3M.1 P.O. 95 95 P.c. 95 90 27 Bu.^ 76 24 Bu.i 76 77 24' 24 22. 5 18!o 18.2 20.5 21.5 14.0 15.0 11.5 11.5 12.0 18 5 IS. 7 17.4 16.9 16.0 15.7 11.9 12.5 9.6 9.5 9.8 15.5 15.1 15.6 15.4 IS.N 211.6 13.6 8,100 1,422 23,878 2,337 13, 158 10, 906 3,540 7,026 920 1,680 38, 665 43. 239 48, 429 17,580 1,828 800 10, 346 43,333 7,614 1,232 21,915 1,971 10,355 6,800 1,408 21,862 1,638 8.113 6, 793 New Jersey Pennsylvania 1,475 21,290 1,817 9,290 9,171 2,952 5,9.36 761 ' j Maryland 9,815 10;608 3,170 3.0.55 West Virginia 6,592 863 1,638 38,456 42,966 44,374 16, 104 1,778 "i6,'897 40,835 7,078 972 1,708 1,382 35 100 ^0 5L3.S Ohio 1 17.4 18.8 20.0 21.5 19.5 21.6 17.0 39. 775 41,888 12. 776 1,749 810 10,530 39,586 30, 668 33,640 14,220 1,.591 2 810 6,272 31,048 1 Wisconsin Minnesota 87 63 80 86 83 86 1,783 45, 148 4,978 1,869 62,000 5,602 1,916 67,230 5,865 1,719 59, 859 Iowa Missouri 5,548 North Dakota .. 81 69 70 79 76 78 78 63 88, 513 36,613 4, 130 822 95,871 48,176 5,423 857 78, 855 33,075 4,200 468 90,231 38, 768 3,687 618 South Dakota Nebraska 14.0 19.3 20. 5 16.5 15.0 r-i 18.1 13.4 12.1 10.7 10.9 11.8 11.6 11.5 10.7 27.3 26.9 23.3 20.9 28.8 22.4 24.3 27.6 26.3 22.9 14.8 966 60, 274 162,975 12,292 10, 635 403 13 14,066 46,835 1,418 11,063 984 4,850 1,050 868 5,575 522 9,322 32,667 13,684 7,466 "68.238 151,050 10, 986 9,166 380 13 14,282 43, 138 1,289 1.3,276 1,194 5,457 1,041 903 5,914 445 9,823 32,632 15,227 7,946 900 58, 125 86, 515 9,860 8,400 374 14 13, 650 17,500 1,313 12, 288 1,000 4,220 651 928 4,600 368 8,494 32,400 12,305 4,200 2900 45, .392 73, 676 9,037 7,718 297 59 8,863 17,224 999 7,636 654 3,762 530 642 3,311 317 8,600 24,609 12,955 7,047 Kentuck}' Alabama 13.0 13 Texas Oklahoma 19.0 13.5 ■^3 n 85 80 94 98 85 97 98 92 89 86 87 89 85 86 90 95 97 90 82 83 10,210 1,320 7,442 760 10,800 1,476 7,391 760 8,385 1,250 5,460 570 5,618 Wyoming 24.0 ■'S 1,019 5,266 477 48 New Mexico 25.0 28.0 25.0 29.0 27.5 27.2 22.0 18.3 Utah .. . 1,979 820 5,603 22,546 3,349 1,979 812 5,686 21,819 3,382 1,820 713 5,600 20,900 3,412 1,853 568 Idaho 4,483 Washington Oregon 22, 227 3,399 United States.. 19.1 15.0 675, 115 652,975 523,561 441,212 75.5 80.1 236, 120 274,003 239,819 245, 479 Thousands (000) omitted. 2 1913 only. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 25 Table 14. — Oats and harhy: Condition, forecast, and price, Aug. I, 1914, with comparisons. Maine New Hamp- shire Vermont Massachusetts.. Rhode Island.. Cormeeticut Nev York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota.. South Dakota. . Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States Oats. Condi- tion, Aug. 1. P.c. Forecast from condition. P.c. 95 92 92 91 89 89 81 84 so' 77, 83 85 1 83 84 73! 1 77' 80 1 75 66 83 j 84 82; 81 73 j 67! 77 88 91 87 84 94 96 95 93 90 89 85 80.9 Bush.^ 5,596 445 3,147 321 56 374 39, 450 2,195 32,061 89 1,008 2,621 1,602 3,594 7,291 7,912 648 51,335 40,212 125,815 52,389 77,987 92,340 159, 403 24,868 71,070 41,595 67,063 56,532 2,903 5,580 6,862 2,852 1,070 25,215 31,406 5.568 23,320 8,533 13, 402 1,999 335 4,464 508 14,824 14,324 12,667 8,389 1,153,240 Bush.i 5,539 425 2,969 297 56 345 38,384 1,965 30, 474 89 993 2,714 1,724 3,445 7,168 7,912 648 50,642 40,841 120, 748 51,571 84,854 110,656 172,318 24,990 74,083 49,866 67,341 54,801 2,846 5,516 6,792 2,927 1,066 28, 616 32, 467 5,518 25, 191 8,906 10,397 1,880 338 4,419 518 15, 136 14,517 13,628 8, .^69 c3 J5 03 -i cS Bush.i 5,029 430 2,869 284 57 342 39,681 1,990 34, 464 119 1,285 3,839 2,558 3,740 7,053 7,810 701 65,129 54,666 144, 625 47,021 74,644 96,426 166,676 29, 307 57,063 37,027 5-1,828 39,612 3,422 Price, Aug. 1. 1,415 242 3, 825 376 14,061 13, 493 12,906 6,624 1,131.175 65 60 56 59 56l 60 51 62 6,126, 49 5,157 62 2,146' 61 746' 60 22,651] 41 44 85 18,467i 35 4,569 51 18,8781 35 6,399 58 10, 397 36.7 Barley. Condi- tion, Aug. 1. P.c. 95 ^2.8 90 "5.3 P.c. 92 Forecast from condition. Btish.i 14; 26 367 2,025 175 139 280 Bush.i 140 26 362 144 274 1,002 982 200; 211 l,520j 1,566 2,309 2,346 19,752| 20,066 33,623 3.5,366 10,356 10,714 92; 105 29, 172 1 30,830 19,426 22,138 2,689 2,837 5,314 5,304 78 52 2,076 441 3,955 85 1 141 92' 1,365 95; 1,362 97i 512 7,779 7,194 4,255 44,415 82.1202,660 52 2,313 464 3,987 137 1,380 1,376 522 7,887 7,237 4,153 45,803 211,319 2| Bush.i 118 25 372 179 121 263 664 242 1,603 2,216 21,351 34,044 12,395 140 22, 700 17,368 1,981 2,921 76 62 156 1, 189 327 2,530 65 1,294 1,006 467 5,905 6,522 3,673 37, 690 181,873 45.1 I Thousands (000) om tted. 26 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 615. Table 15. — i?y? and biicJcvheat: Acreage, productioi}, quaJity, and price of rye; acreage, condition, forecast, and price of bucHcheat, viih comparisons. Rye. Buckrwheat. State. Preliminary esti- mates. 52 ^ 3 >>2 Quality. Price , Aug. 1. Acreage. Condi- tion, Aug. 1. ■3 c 8 a . 03 f~, g »| is Price, Aug. 1. o < .3 S ro > Pi Eh S > 03 . S > Maine vlcrcsi Bu. Buy Buy P.c. P.C. Cts. Cts. P.c. 95 102 95 102 Acres'^ 12 1 8 2 P.c. 95 95 92 96 p.c. 93 93 90 91 Bu.i 382 29 199 44 Bu.^ 1 ««. 423 70 29|.... 200 85 39.... as. 7P New Hampshire. 85L -- 78 Vermont 1 3 20.0 19.0 20 57 19 54 98 96 94 94 76 92 105 96 71 70 72 80 70 83 79 94 179 100 "'98 87 Massachusetts Rhode Island 93 Comiecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware 129 70 280 1 19.0 17.7 18.0 17.5 17 5 133 2,283 1,260 4,000 IS 391 754 246 460 34 120 141 2,245 1,197 4,506 14 408 596 201 427 28 105 97 94 95 95 93 97 94 94 94 93 95 82 82 79 77 73 83 86 99 147 143 95 98 100 100 90 99 102 96 100 3 274 10 280 3 11 23 36 9 94 91 94 90 81 90 76 87 80 92 88 86 90 90 91 92 94 89 59 6,3.58 244 .5,922 52 203 375 783 155 56 5,766 247 5,894 65 198 443 110 85 105 78 97 81 95 74 Maryland 23 17.0 58 !.•? n 95 92 94 91 95 92 94 91 90 90 93; 91 76 on 80 81 West Virginia North Carolina... South Carolina... 17 4f. 3 13 14.5 10.0 11.5 9.2 792, 80 178 82 78 83 Georgia Florida Ohio 94 99 49 379 16.5 16.3 16.2 ifi n 1,551 1,614 794 6,084 7,004 5,245 1,121 255 2,240 850 1,952 990 301 273 13 1,082 1,176 849 5,666 5,990 4,998 703 233 841 304 980 349 278 202 10 94! 93 95 92 94 92 96 93 95 92 91 91 90 93 93 91 92 90 64 57 59 57 56 50 63 66 45 75 70 73 70 70 64 67 79 62 62 61 72 85 90 133 110 100 95 99 95 100 95 99 20 5 4 59 17 6 6 2 85 65 85 88 92 90 87 60 89 88 84 85 86 88 86 84 374 66 75 986 289 108 99 216 406 94 72 q.5 76 74 79 inn 96 1,051 297 125 116 25 79 71 58 96 79 Wisconsin Minnesota 412jl7.0 279 18.8 59119.0 17 1.5. 13117.1 50; 17.0 122;16.0 5019.8 22I13.7 75 72 96 111 North Dakota South Dakota 90 90. - 91 91 94 8.8 93 89 96 90 91^ 89 47 64 74 89 90 100 125 1 1 85 70 86 85 19 12 17 12 105 Kentucky soi - . " Tennessee Alabama 21 1 13.0 13.0 98 3 75 91 42 45 82 Mississippi Louisiana Texas 2 6 14.8 16 30 96 11 210 64 368 20 45 10 172 42 312 86 85 93' 87 911 87 97 95 92 97 98 92 95 73 92 69 85 64 100 84 99 78 84 73 Oklahoma Arkansas lIll.O Montana 10 4 21 21.0 16.0 17.5 Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona ttah 13 17.5 228 106 99| 97 "55 65 65 100 94 72 Nevada Idaho 3 ?{\ 60 158 336 160 60 140 285 117 97, 97 96 94 94 95 98 93 73 84 93 88 Washington 819.7 2l|l6.0 8|20.0 Oregon California United States 2, 533! 16. 8 1 42, 664 34,911 94. 92. 8 1 61.073.4'98.9 796 88.8 S9.1 17,091 16,597 81.2 77.9 1 Thousands (000) omitted. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 16.- — Potatoes: Condition, forecast, and price, Aug. 1, 1914, with comparisons. State. Potatoes. Condi- tions Aug. 1. c8 M Forecast from condition. Filial esti- mates. Price, Aug. 1 Sweet potatoes. Condi- tion, Aug. 1. Final esti- mates. Price, July 15. c3 a> IS 03 Maine New Hamp- shire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut.. New York . . . New Jersey . . Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Caro- lina South Caro- lina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota — Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska .... Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi.. . Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas .... Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico . Arizona '. . Utah Nevada Idaho Washington,. Oregon California United States. . P.c.\P.c. 91 79.0 29, 17S 2,474 3,638 3,5.53 744 3,026 40,076 9,539 23, 295 909 3,264 7,079 2,640 1,624 670 781 1,216 11,945 4,360 6,634 38, 191 35, 568 30,841 13, 406 3,915 6,190 4,980 8,658 4,193 1,649 1, 505 1,123 832 1,587 2,739 2,112 1,391 5,472 1,733 9,372 1,132 106 3,471 1,920 5,491 8,826 6, 394 10,212 27, 085 2,142 3,150 3,256 658 2,621 36, 737 8,346 22,383 847 3,225 6, 148 3,006 1,693 656 764 1,149 11,888 5,145 7,738 37, 099 33, 197 28,612 13,3 " 4,402 6,454 5,362 9, .582 4.774 2,422 1, 1,184 864 1,673 2,605 2,227 1,404 5, 565 1, 755 9,532 993 99 3, 574 1,940 5,409 9, 248 6,311 10,474 Bu.i 28, 160 2,074 3,175 2,835 650 2,208 26, 640 8,930 23, 320 957 3,741 9,870 3, 984 2,400 800 972 912 10,240 3,9' 5,7.50 33, 600 32, 155 30, 250 7,200 3, 230 5, 100 4,6S0 5, 664 2,920 2,450 2,432 1,512 960 1, 7.50 2,340 1,920 1,800 5,040 1,680 9,200 612 75 3, 600 1,760 5,780 7,380 6, 750 8,092 BuA 26, 077 2, 298 3,414 2,922 600 2,437 36, 288 8,438 22,653 946 3,383 S, 137 3,889 2,349 816 928 918 16, 193 7.222 9,921 35, 273 31,625 25, 8a5 13, 227 6,034 4,797 4,217 7, 231 4, 14S 4,000 2,691 1,245 801 1,4 2, 691 1,604 1,919 4, 215 1,094 8,161 644 2,722 1,369 5,232 8, 636 6,408 9,375 Cts. 91 75 S3 99 109 75 98 P.C. P.c. Bu.i Cts Cts. 56 71 82, 88 73 [ 84 139! 117 1041 114 114 125 81i 96 82' 93 90 97 85 72 38 51 861 103 88 96 86! 93 771 83 103 103 101 79 106 369, 634 360, 614 331, 525 356, 627 69.2 2,846 120 601 966 2,902 192 6,810 4,049 6, .383 1, 94 91 531 3,174 110 675 1,128 3,564 182 8, 000 7,221 2,310 90 78 560 3,006 117 657 999 3,771 210 7,737 7,111 2,278 110 118 841 85 90 86.5 190 435 160 336 196 639 472 665 1,343 4,876 3, 632 4,433 3, 567 429 1,287 2-50 675 1,600 6,650 5,390 5,100 4,000 384 1,800 437 941 1,997 6, 014 4,979 5,00' 2,924 352 1,813 49, 886 59, 057 57, 628 175 82 115 75 87 121 110 168 92 102 95 82 103 122 124 96 I Thousands (000) omitted. 28 FARMERS BULLETIN 615. Table 17. — Flax, rice, and tobacco: Condition, forecast, and price, Aug. 1, 1914, with comparisons. Flaxseed. Rice. Tobacco. State. Condi- tion, Aug. 1. H 2 si -3 ..a *^ o o S a 1 G - Price, Aug. 1. Condi- tion, Aug. 1. a e ■3 ..c *i o g o a i "3 .3 Condi- tion, Aug. 1. a s a i Final estimates. ■«r ? s . 53 CD ■^' o TT > II O CO Pai Maine P.c. p.c. Bu.' Bm.1 Cts. Cts. P.c. P.C. 5m.i Btt.l P.c. P.C. Lbs.i i6s.i Lbs.^ New Hampshire. 92 92 93 91 90 88 175 175 11,662 165 155 9,455 163 Vermont ...... 164 Massachusetts. .. 9,524 Rhode Island Connecticut 96 93 91 88 36, 457 6, 203 28,520 4,386 28,337 4,997 New York ] New Jersey Pennsylvania 86 88 45, 830 46, 680 57 351 Delaware Maryland 70 65 53 70 74 80 84 68 65 75 82 82 84 81 83 88 90 83 80 82 12,320 93, 600 5, 1.52 126, 000 30, 976 1,368 3,359 60, 795 9,477 428 18, 500 154, 000 10, 200 167,500 33, 288 1,800 4,000 61,425 11, 925 560 18, 663 135 388 Virginia West Virginia. . . 12 7&3 North Carolina . . 85 S6 90 86 85 86 86 84 5 169 38 10 7 147 16 10 127 339 South Carolina... 22^027 1 3''3 Georgia Florida 2,987 79,966 18 939 Ohio Indiana Illinois 842 Michigan Wisconsin 91 82 88 80 83 75 71 82 88 86 88 78 80 85 87 76 Ill 2,893 275 56 7,408 2,550 49 328 126 3,150 263 50 7,200 3,060 54 300 ""i55 138 152 148 125 130 175 166 156 141 171 163 156 146 91 83 60, 999 50,740 47,807 Minnesota Iowa Missouri 60 80 2,829 3,315 5,578 North Dakota . . . South Dakota. . . Nebraska Kansas Kentucky 60 52 75 71 93 65 79 80 87 83 83 81 244, 755 37, 833 105 281, 200 64, 800 210 350, 502 Tennessee 70, 426 153 Alabama 85 80 88 88 86 86 89 89 6 40 11,224 8,320 4 42 11, 760 9,696 Mississippi Louisiana 384 105 270 120 •ii.s Texas 159 Oklahoma Arkansas 85 88 3,366 3,769 70 83 392 520 471 Montana 87 92 3,090 3,600 150 178 Wyoming Colorado 88 60 50 New Mexico 1 Arizona 1 1 Utah 1 Nevada j Idaho 1 Washington i 1 Oregon 1 California 91 747 293 1 ! United States.. 82.1 82.6 16, 820 17,853 150.7 167.9 87.6 88.4 23, 925 25,744 66.5 81.5 791,379 953, 734 996,087 1 Thoasands (000) omitted. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 29 Table 18. -Hay and clover: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price of hay; production and quality of clover, Aug. 1, 1914, with comparisons . State. Hay. Acreage (tame). Condi- tion, Aug. 1. Fore- east, Aug. 1. Final esti- mates. Price, Aug. 1. Clover. Yield per Produc- tion: per cent offuU crop. Qual- ity. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts... Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey - . . . Pennsylvania . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia.. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan WLsconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota.. South Dakota. . Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico . . . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington... . Oregon California United States P.c 103 105 99 101 100 A cresi 1,230 520 990 480 58 375 4, 653 361 3,141 72 390 638 696 307 210 245 45 2,812 1,764 2,125 2,352 2,494 1,743 2,910 2,640 364 483 1,262 1,650 736 756 200 194 162 420 436 304 686 480 970 204 142 406 247 858 2,688 P.c 97 98 85 91 75 P.c. 87 85 98.9 48,400 86.7 83.9 69,464 64,116 65, Tons.^ 1,492 642 1,237 612 56 445 5,600 462 4,333 87 487 555 637 376 220 304 62 3,554 2,105 2,136 3,175 4,190 3,074 4 059 2,218 535 72 1,853 2, 191 718 750 250 230 233 580 430 333 1,231 1,094 2,425 519 472 1,162 2,033 1,776 1,953 5,085 Tons.i 1,194 495 1,280 575 68 432 5,358 4,146 94 491 952 925 419 244 350 63 3, S4S 1,800 2,450 2,520 3, 848 2,490 4,440 1,800 388 552 1,675 1,350 674 1,089 286 293 240 464 382 384 1,188 912 1,824 399 540 909 646 2,044 1,794 1,732 3,600 1,299 538 1,310 582 67 441 5,498 472 3,840 88 453 793 770 375 219 293 52 3,8.38 2,194 3,168 3,004 3,301 2,265 4,511 3,115 403 514 1,591 1,988 919 1,11 268 275 235 444 388 363 1,109 819 1,707 387 350 943 587 1,879 1,620 1,578 4,01 Dols. 13. 60 18.40 14.70 19.50 Dols. i Dols. 13.70 13.80 16.50, 16.56 1.3. 60! 12.94 20.10 20.28 23.30 22.00 22.44 19.80 20.00, 21.94 14.50 18. 40 14.00 14.54 17.70 18.38 13.50 13.80 15. .32 16.00, 14.00, 15.40 Ts. Ts. 1.501.40 1.5311.45 i.eoji.so 1.601.60 1.50jl.40 1.501.57 1.211.25 1.37|1.,30 1.40,1.20 1.10,1.27 14.20 11.50, 15-. 68 1.1311 10 17.30 1.3.00: 15.661 .80,1 35 16. 70; 13.70 15.281 .92 1 50 18.20 15.00, 15.88 1.201 45 18.10, 18.10, 18.46 1.501 70 17.60, 18.40; 18.28 1.45 19. OO! 18.00, 17. 60!.... 12. 60i 10. 00 12. 54 1. 14 13.60 11.40 11.94 .95 14.50, 11. so; 12.48 .95 12.10 12.00, 9; 60, 9. 50, 6. 50; 6. 20 9. 40 7. 90; 14.90 11.30 5. 10 5. 20 5. 90 5. .30 7. 20, 7. 70 7. 90 8. 90 17.30; 14.40 12.701.29 12.561.89 8.28 1.95 9. 20 1. 45 10.601 .77 6.101.50 7. 08 1. 75 8. 38 1. 50 8.32 1.20 14.62 .90 P.c. 96 93 77 90 SO 84 75 76 81 78 74 60 59 75 70 P.c. 72 79 'J 83, 94 90 77 75 78 85 P.c 98 99 93 95 80 1.30' 83 65 89 86 82 86^ 86 91 90 88^ 85 87, 89 1. 42 74 1. 10| 65 1. 25, 60 l.Os' 84 1.80 1.01 1.701.04 1. 58| 87 1. 00 57 1.05 1.35 1.37 1.05 1.02 88, 94 71 90 85 90 72 94 951 94 79 96 94 96 70! 80 95 8. 50 7. 30 12.20, 11.90 7. 60 8. 50 7. 8O' 7. 50 8. 00, 8. 50 11.00; 9.50 10. 001 10. 10 8. 60 8. 30 8. 00 9. 20 6. 70' 7. 00 9.80, 10.50 7. 20 8. 50 8.10 14.50 56 18.40, 14.40 14.381.00 1.30 62 15. OOi 15.00 13.821.55 1.60 87 13.20 12.00 12.26 1.70185 83 12.40 11.601 11.601.701.75 90 9.50, 10.00, 10.56 2.00 102 11.52 11.16 7.701.101.60, 10. 88 1. 15 1. 20 10.14 2.00 2.10 9.40 2.08l.90| 10.02 2.00 2.25 92 78 103 102 107 110 10. 74 1.401. 50 10.58' j 7.88 2.20 3.00] 102 10.32 2.60 2.35 103 I I I 7.58 2.50 2.40, 101 12.20 2.27 2.301 95 9.40 2.10 2.25 105 11.26 2.00 2.10 98 11. 97il. 19 1. 30 73. 5 81. 91. 2 91. 9 70[ 1 Thousands (000) omitted. 30 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 615. Table 19.- — Hay and grasses; condition, Aug. 1, 1914, with eomparisons. Timo- thy. Alfalfa. Millet. Kafir com. Field peas. Cow- peas. Blue grass (for seed). Pastiu-e. State. Condition, Aug. 1. S be OS O > i-H f— ( l3 Ol 00 ca Ol CO ® s ^ m ■^ 00 03 05 =- 6 ■ate « 2 rr si 2^ P.C. P.c. 97 91 97 90 861 94 90 90 80 91 88 90 84' 84 81 84 89: 85 p.c. P.c. p.c. 90 92 93 93 85 90 86 89 88 70 78 71 81 76 78 77 P.c. 88 86 85 87 p.c. P.c. P.C. p.c. 90 P.c. P.c. P.c. p.c. P.C. 95 96 89 92 85 92 85 85 86 66 69 69 61 73 71 75 86 67 51 40 85 94 94 77 45 91 &5 78 75 48 55 69 68 82 87 59 62 90 95 101 102 94 100 102 92 87 90 97 P.C. 90 New Hampshire Vermont 100 100 82 100 95 87 89 89 83 86 81 79 80 76 82 87 74 67 50 85 97 94 85 66 87 84 95 94 90 90 90 93 91 80 92 71 75 75 84 77 89 ""86 """79 77 ""86 83 83 90 83 Rhode Island 82 Connecticut 83 82 86 86 < 82 92 91 90 84 87 75 81 80 76 75 90 91 90 90 85 85 ■ 87 86 86 88 84 88 85 87 84 83 88 85 84 88 87 89 85 84 84 86 86 89 85 78 90 81 83 85 88 88 86 86 82 S3 86 82 76 Pennsylvania .. , . 83 72 75 55 59 71 80 74 84 81 82 84 87 88 88 80 80 84 85 87 84 88 79 86 64 86 91 North Carolina 90 South Carolina 88 Greorgia 91 Florida 93 Ohio 76 67 60 88 99 97 85 50 % 92 91 75 63 61 78 85 95 80 80 72 92 95 99 105 84 81 82 84 89 83 84 76 82 82 82 78 81 84 89 88 90 76 83 82 92 93 91 88 89 82 87 90 97 96 93 78 96 86 88 88 71 77 77 70 80 89 68 77 93 94 102 95 92 89 100 93 95 96 98 88 87 86 82 87 86 91 86 83 85 82 80 85 87 88 86 87 80 81 83 95 92 87 90 94 88 93 93 94 93 94 73 67 57 86 93 92 89 64 85 88 60 67 68 84 90 84 70 58 88 65 93 100 95 100 100 95 90 90 87 82 82 83 85 84 85 78 80 82 77 81 82 a3 86 83 86 75 78 82 84 79 82 84 ""90 83 50 80 91 90 95 93 55 95 77 90 90 65 76 73 70 73 75 67 86 83 84 83 84 88 87 80 85 60 62 100 93 98 81 72 85 84 83 77 81 85 80 80 88 Indiana 83 45 80 79 78 Wiseonf^in 92 83 82 86 m 77 81 81 North Dakof a «■> South Dakota 86 Nehraska 87 85 79 78 """82 "■"82 85 87 65 68 75 73 73 75 70 64 85 98 98 100 100 95 80 86 85 85 77 76 80 Kentucky 87 Tennessee 90 Alabama 93 Mississippi 04 Louisiana <^4 Texas 92 73 74 80 82 84 84 Oklahoma 8? Arkansas 88 Montana 93 90 100 95 100 100 95 94 85 96 97 ... 94 "'"96 82 9' Wvomins; 94 Colorado 95 99 92 83 80 94 90 78 89 94 89 New Mexico 85 Arizona 88 Utah 99 100 90 91 95 98 77.3 96 96 95 93 93 92 84.4 92 Nevada 94 Idaho 94 94 92 87 92 87 73 95 89 95 94 90 % Washingtcm 9t Oregon 96 91 California 98 90 87 United States.. 90.8 87.8 79.4 78.8 84.4 81.3 /6.2 S3 5 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTI-OOK. 31 Table 20. — Fruits: Condition, Avjg. 1, 1914, with compar a Dollars. 52.00 48.7 02.00 51.25 57.00 47.40 70.00 51.00 75.0061.67 10. SO'S. 67 9. 00 8. 30 9. 00. ... 68. 70 59. 17' 8. 00 7. 35 6. 20,5. 28 4. 50 4. 08'66. 00154. 15 8. 30 8. 18 7. 20 6. 65' .... 5. 22172. .50'61. 40 8. 30 7. 70 7. 50 6. 30 5. 40 4. 78163. 60 48. 70 8. 00 8. 17 6. 50 5. 20 5. 30 4. 93^56. 00'41. 90 I I I I I I 8. 00 7. 92 7. 00 5. 60 .... 15. 20 50. 00 38. 82 7. 70 7. 00 6. 30;4. 90 3. 90 3. 90|48. 00 37. 85 7. 00,7. 35 6. 50 5. 15 4. 304. 00'52. 70 42. 20 8. 20 7. 55 5. 204. 12 5. 00 4. 12'40. 00 33. 08 7. 50 7. 22 4. 80 4. 20 5. 60 4. S2'41. 70 35. 65 I I i I I > 8. 00 7. 05 4. 80 3. 85 4. 00:4. 17i3S. 30 32. 82 7. 10 6. 65'5. 50 4. 52 6. 00'4. 47|47. 70 38. 72 8. 207. 58 7. 20 5. 82 4. 50 3. 88'61. 40 49. 18 8. 20 7. 55'6. 90 5. 45 4. 1()'3. 7055. 50 46. 08 8. 10 7. 40 7. 00 5. 80 4. 50 4. 05C.2. 00 50. 98 7.80 7. 7. 70 7. 7. 50 7. 8.00 7. 7. 70 7. 6.90'6. 7.50 7. 7.90 7. 7.90 7. 7.60|7. 7.30,6. 7. 0016. 6. 40 6. 6.90[5. 7. 20 6. 20 6. 30 5. 10 6. 32 7. 10 6. I 5S'5. 02 6. 05 7. 15 7. 10 6. I 70 5. 70 4. 40 4. 92 5. 62 5. 80 5. 80 4. 00 4. 70 5. 90 5. 90 4. 60 5. 10 5. 005. 50 4. I 80 4. 40 3. 50 3. 50 4. 70' 4. 18 4. 70'4. 70 4. 803. 40 4.60 4. 95 4. 50 4. 48 4.40 3. I I 38 5.00] 4. 15 5. 00 4. 68'6.00 4. 55'5..30 4. 85 3. 70 3. I I 25 3. 80 3. 30 4. 80^3. 42 4. 00 3. 22 4. 90 3. 28 5.00 4. 28 62.00 46.65 95 66.40 49.52 25 63.10 44.15 35 65.00 49.45 95 56. 60!45. 68 5o!65. Oo'46. 32 20 65. 50; 45. 40 S0't;7.00|48.60 45(il.C.0'47.20 48 52. 00 39. 08 50 47. 50 37. 10 90 39. 60 30. 80 82 41. 50 30. 50 75 40. 00 33. 70 15 54.30 43.42 7. 30i6. 92 5. 70 4. 40 5. 10 4. 20 6. 2015. 82;4. 90 3. 70 3. 30 3. 70 7. 50 7. 52-6. 90 5. 58 5. 00 5. 98 7.20 7. 20:7.305. 12'5. SO 4. 92 7. 70 7. 20! 7. 00 4. 68' 5. 00 4. 82 8. 00 7. 25 7.50 7.47 7. 00 6. 9S 8. 30 7. 57 7. 00 5. 22 4. 80 6. 20 5. 27 3. SO 6. 10 5. 20 5. 20 6. 30 5. 02 5. 00 7.10 7.28 0.00 5.28 7. 30 7. 721 7. 10 7. 78^ 8. 00 7. 12 United States ' 7. 72 7. 13 I 6. 30 5. 60 6. 20 5. 52 6.50 4.30 4.50 4.50 4.90 4.75 4.48 4.03 5.42 4.08 4.72 4.55 4.55 4.62 55. 50 42. 28 43.00,31.42, 78.10 56.58 80. 00] 56. 50 75.00j54.55| 61.00i.52.00 90. 00 62. 50l 60. 00 47. 151 75. 00 60. 40 Dollars. 209: 206 155 179 220 220 17ll 200' 175' 142 i 135' 145 139 162 174 167 148: 158: 142: 148 175 179| 158 154 118' 137 i 129, 125: 117 125 137 139 120 94 95 100 125! 91; 110' 69| 122 121 125 76. 00 57. 32 130 78. 00 61. 40 125 71. 00152. 25 94 77. 00 54. lOi 124 177 160 187 Aug. 1, 1914. 211 176 174 175 134 145 144 145 152 174 160 148 167 1.53 155 174 174 166 164 124 1.50 137 1.33 128 130 146; 14ll 122 106' 112i 139 113' 119| 84J 137 II4I 92 Cents. 30i 28 32 30 29, 28 35; 33 34 32 34' 33 Eggs. Cents. 2.) 25 23 23 25 24 24 23 271 25 24 24 25 24 22 20 20! 20 22 22: 20 20 22 20 27! 30' 28[ 29 13 15 23 23 j 27: 20 32 31 25 34 34] 29 30 29] 21 1 32 35] 281 1431 25 28' 211 147, 28 30] 25 117' 29 29 24 139 28 28l 26 Chic-k- ens. Cents. 15.9,15.8 16.014.9 14.013.5 IS. 5!l7.3 21.0 17.0 18.016.7 16.2115.3 18.9|l7.4 15. 6! 13. 9 19.013.4 16.6;15.5 15.2J14.3 13. 9:12.8 13. 112.0 13.2 12.3 14.4 12.7 17.014.4 13.3 12.0 I2.4I11.4 12.3 11.0 12. S 11.4 12.4|ll.8 11.3 10.0 11.510.3 11.5 10.8 10.4110.0 9.7 10.7 10.4 9.2 9.9 9.4 14 12.611.3 1514.011.3 1612.7 11.9 4. 52 .59. 67 46. 38 136. 97 143. 09 23. 7 23. 3 18. 2 17 III I I 1 I I 13.0 13.1 10. o: 9.6 9.9' 9.2 12. 2 10. 2 13.314.9 13.5 1.5.0 12.8 13.7 13. 2 13. S 17.016.9 14.4 13.0 18. 18. 8 I 11.8 12.1 13.7 13.8 13.212.7 lt>. 14. 7 12.811. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 35 Table 24. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Products. Hogs per 100 pounds Beef cattle do . . , Veal calves do . . Sheep do.. Lambs do. . Milch cows per head Horses do. . Honey, comb per pound Woolj unwashed do. . Apples per bushel Peaches do.. Tomatoes do . . Peanuts per pound Beans per bushel Sweet potatoes do . . Cabbages per 100 pounds Onions per bushel Clover seed do.. Timothy seed do.. Alfalfa seed do. . Broom corn per ton Cotton seed do.. Hops per poimd Paid by farmers: Clover seed. . .per bushel Timothy seed do.. Alfalfa seed do . . Bran per ton July 15. Aug. 15. 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1913 1912 9.79 2.99 8.29 26.36 $7.i 5.! 7. 4. 6. 54. 143. 12.12 2.57 9.41 24.65 00 1139. 139 1S9 82 12 27 049 47 13 29 14 64 96 32 00 I 68. 04 22. 289 . 12.82 6.59 10.07 28.41 25. 80 S8. 15 4.84 6.37 5.47 6.71 42.86 148. 00 .131 .190 .77 .052 2.34 .74 2.27 1.04 7.17 180. 00 25.22 11.94 2.76 10.06 25.10 Jime 15. 1914 1913 1912 S7.43 6.32 7.69 4.70 6.47 59.82 136. 00 .138 .184 1.36 .051 2.23 .92 2.61 1.41 7.96 2.23 6.83 88.00 23.62 11.78 3.89 10. 07 27.41 9.86 2.98 8.31 27.75 S7.61 6.02 7.53 4.84 6. .36 55.20 146. 00 .139 .156 1.01 .050 2.23 .91 2.18 .96 9.77 1.77 8.08 61.00 21.54 .141 S6.65 5.23 6.33 4.52 6.02 45.84 145.00 .140 .187 1.08 12.47 2.44 9.73 24.67 .052 2.62 1.11 2.67 1.55 11.69 6.68 8.47 ■ 79.00 19.24 13.49 7.37 10.25 29.35 T.\BLE 25. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. Product and market. Aug. 1, I'JM. July, 1914. June, 1914. July, 1913. July, 1912. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . .SO. 81 -SO. 82 .SO. 76 -«0. 91 10. 75f-^. 97 SO. 8:B -so. 90 $0. 98 -.?1. 15J .\' 0. 2 red winter, Chicago .87J- .88i .77J- .9-5.^ .l^- .96| .M - .96 . 97J- 1. 10* 1. OfrJ- 1. 19i No. 2 red winter, New York ' . .95i- .96i .8Si- 1.02i . 96i- 1. 10 .95J- .985 Corn par bushel: No. 2 mi-xed, St. Louis .77i- .77i .67- .77§ .68i- .Til .61f- .66 .69i- .77J No. 2, Chicago . 74 - . 74i- .67 J- .76 .68i- .73i .60 - . 62.'> .69J- .75 No. 2 mi.\ed. New "i ork i . . . . .76J- .84 Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis . 35 - . 35 . 35 - . 38i ,36J- .42* .32 - .51 . 32 - .51 No. 2, Chicago 36i- 37 .341- .39i . 55 - .72 .361- .40| . 58 - .67 .37J- .61 - i\7. 42 57 Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . . . 68 - .70 .64.1 .71i- .76 Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- thy, Chicago 17.50 -18.50 14. 50 -18. 00 14. 50 -16. 00 13. 50 - 7.50 17.50 -22.00 Hops, per pound: Choice, New York . 35 - .37 .35 - .38 . 36 - .40 .17 - .21 .28 - .38 Wool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. . 25 - . 25 . 24 - . 25 . 22 - . 25 .20 - .21 . 22 - .24 Best tub washed, St. Louis. . . 32 - .33 . 32 - .33 . 30 - . 33 .35 - .35 .35 - .35 Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 8. 40 - 8. 80 8. 50 - 9. 50 7. 80 - 8. 40 8.75 - 9.40 7. 40 - 8. 20 Butter per pound : Creamery, extra, New 1 ork. . .29.^ .30 .26J- .29J .26i- .28 .26 - .28.^ . 27 - . 27i Creamery, e.xtra, Elgin . 28 - .28 . 26 - .28 .26i- .27J .26 - .20i . 25 - . 254 Eggs per dozen: Average bestfresh. New \ ork . 27 - . 32 . 24 - . 31 .22,1- .28 .25 - .;33 . 23 - . 31 Average best fresh, St. Louis . . 19 - . 19 .18- .19 . 14 - . 18 .14^- .17 .14.'.- .17 Cheese per pound: Colored.^New York .14J- AH .14- .141 . 134- . 15 . 13»- .14 . 14-J- . 15i 1 F. o. b. afloat. i 2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August. | 36 FABMEES BULLETIN 615. Table 26. — The equivalent in yield per aere of 100 per cent condition on Sept. 1 in each State. State. Corn. Spring wheat . Oats. Bar- ley. Buck- wheat . Pota^ toes. Sweet pota- toes. To- bacco. Flax. Rice. Cot- ton. Maine Bu. 48.5 48.5 46.5 50.0 43.0 51.0 45.0 44.0 49.0 39.0 42.0 30.6 37.0 22.4 22.0 17.5 16.0 40.0 45.0 4,3.5 41.5 42.5 40.0 44.0 38. 32.0 34.0 35.5 31.5 34.2 30.5 20.0 22.4 25.5 28.0 30.0 26.0 .33.5 28.0 25.0 31.0 36.0 .34.6 35.0 34.0 32.0 32.0 41.0 Bu. 27.0 '"2S.'6" '"2i.'6' 1S.0 19.0 16.0 15.8 17.3 18.5 "28." 6' 30.0 29.0 25. 5 28.0 30.0 31.0 29.0 24.0 22.0 Bu. 41.0 .39.0 41.5 38.5 35.0 38.0 37.5 36.0 36.3 36.0 33.8 25.0 28.0 22.0 26.0 24.0 20.0 41.5 39.0 41.5 39.0 40.5 41.0 39.0 35.0 36.5 35.5 36.0 36.5 29.0 26.0 23.0 24.0 26.5 42.0 39.0 30.0 50.5 41.0 45.0 41.0 45.0 48.0 45.0 48.0 54.0 40.5 41.0 Bu. 31.5 29.0 34.5 Bu. 34.0 31.5 27.5 23.3 Bu. 240 160 155 145 160 140 123 132 120 122 119 108 117 100 106 94 no 116 119 113 132 135 132 125 105 122 103 102 97 101 94 99 109 91 87 90 98 . 175 155 145 115 119 190 172 192 180 150 150 Bu. Lbs. Bu. Bu. Us. New Hampshire 1,900 1,900 1,900 Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut ""si.'o' "'29.'5' 33.0 30.0 21.7 26.5 20.5 24.5 22.5 21.5 22.0 26.0 22.0 '"VbK 134 145 144 119 128 113 113 102 123 127 130 125 1,900 1,470 New York New Jersey Pennsylvania 1,650 Delaware Maryland 900 EOO 940 810 930 900 950 1,100 1,100 930 Virginia 275 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 31.5 29.0 33.0 30.0 305 230 250 Florida 155 Ohio 33.0 31.5 33.0 30.0 33.5 31.0 31.5 28.5 28.5 29.0 29.5 29.0 30.0 29.5 23.5 21.0 22.5 19.5 19.0 20.3 19.5 19.0 "22.'o' 17.5 19.0 Indiana nimois Michigan Wisconsin ; 1,470 15.5 11.7 12.4 9.6 10.8 10.4 10.1 9.1 Minnesota Iowa 124 120 1,266" Missouri 360 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 115 120 107 105 110 110 102 105 123 114 "1,676" 930 700 Kansas Kentucky.. 245 Alabama 34.0 36.0 37.5 39.0 ""43."o' 232 265 1 590 820 "'"846" 13.0 ii."7" 260 Texas 34.0 1 34.0 1 242 Oklahoma 255 Arkansas 254 37.5 3.5.5 40.0 37.0 41.0 43.0 41.0 44.0 43.0 38.5 33.0 ::::::: Wj'oming . 9.0 , 180 150 Utah . California.. 175 54.0 United States.... 34.7 IS.O 38.4 31.9 129.3 113.7 1,021 11.0 38.8 259.7 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 37 ■nojjtpnoo oasjsiB jo aSBingorej ggSggSaSSS 8Z 1 ^ a \\ w I 1 c ^ , ^ ^ i^ 4. 1 \ t 1^ i! ^ m ^ w \ \ It ^ ^ w > •-^ \ '1^ ???? fWf ^ M ""^ ^ VVY H --' *^ ^ '/^ w ■^^ f^f 7 W. ■^ OT ^ w ^$§*^ ^^ V ^ sss ^ i( \ m ^ ■"- 1 i ** «• «i — anjpaa + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 y> S ja I .a -" oi +;. ■— ■ •" 3 ft 2 o 2 '^ •g o fl (« ^ ra ^ a t> o • o <» 6 ■3 SS £32 :| 5 8 - ~ .„ H) <0 S TJ cs.' **-T5 _ro> qs-*-? U S3, H ^ -" s ° a o «. » m ?^ ^ ^ i'^^^ !l3 !» <^ j% rWA k 1^ ^ ^^ n ^4 \ j^^ '^ °«ti « \ '^ ^ !E I i ^W^ \ % < r 1 > ^ mm >M^^. ^ ^?^ ^.^ ^i •=«■ SZ 1<3»B to Idas « naes 1 irtBS 18 -any IT -any 01 -any S -Bny OS inf ST ^inf 9 xnif Kennr teontif 91 OTinf 8 onnf 1 oanr 9E iBW 81 A'GN IT -SBW 13 -lay OS May ST -idy 1 / -P a 1 11 J f> I i ^ -i^ ^ ^ r r ' ^ ^^ r f^ ?^ w ^^ te J 9 t^ 4 >w / . d ^ •^ ^^ i ^ ^^ ^ p>»* I [^ ^ J 1 j^% I ■>» » ^ jv ■**< \ ^ «■>« 3> l>~S^ "^^ ^ ^ ^^ A ^ ^^ ^ ^ Y/, im ^^ / P Wi ^ ^ ^ '^ Wm 1 \- ^ ^ ^ ^ M>^ r" ■» — anjpna leaM + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 I s •2 O — a ■§ a 5 •s i g1 o « ■s I a {3 a O « Q B g 2 2 -^ g o S ' £ ja a a >.? o S •a 2 B « 3 ^ S ** g a a S <» 2 S S -. c ^ £ ° 5.3 S §?» s s .a s S' S ^ £r 3 2 o .Q o S o 2 M as?* 'J " cj •:? — o, 5j a •o 5 3 M 03 ^ © -O ■" THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 39 ii Vi a Z I O I 3 t w s o pi i ^ < g 8 % •nontpnoo eatJ6*» jo oSeinaowd i3§§§S8SSS 8S l«9S is^aas L n ~" J ^^ ^2 w SI ' r |§^ ^* ^ — ^ ' "Sfe ^~ _.^fe«^ ^ - -piii i / 1 t - -\~-^^Wi ^ < ; » ^, , ,. 1 - -Ljiiu_ ^ 1 J &L l^TT / "4^» .... ' ■■■L^S^^^^^ ^ / ^-■^ ~^ 1 tmwmimmm'. M ■/- ■> ■ — A^^ii % ;»=*" — — -.11 'Va^^ ~ —~ [ ill : a»-«. *" £ r=- 88 nflos K 1 1»K ts -ifly o« -ifly 81 jay ^" — 1 "'"' — i- - "■" *■"" ' — ,.-._ L_ — . 1 ■"" — , —■ -'- p ^ 1 ^~" \ 4 ■"■"■ I l| ^ > O — r -*^ i ^i ' • iii^l^ 5< p > _[ ^ r — Y ^^1 ^ > ■ ^^«???^^^ § ? ^-^ ^^^^1 ^. ' ^r? ^ ^^^^^^ \\ *^i aHII i \ ^ ^ — — ^iMi ^ L ""iT^ ^ ZJI 1 ^ \ ^r^^ 4 — — - l_^^^^^^^ . :^^ ^^^^^^^^^ 5 r lox — "-^ ~T 1 g^ 'V— , It — j ^ VT" 4 = »« + + + + = «^ S. 4, », fe 1 1 1 t 1 40 EAKMEES BULLETIN G15. ncRipnoD aa^iaAB jo aswineoiaj gSgSSSSSSS 82 lies H 1<198 I seas IE -SaTf n "anv il -anv 01 anv 8 -any a txat oz ii^r 81 ^Itlf 9 ^Itif ezamr jiamsf e aimr I aonr 9E /«Pi 81 ^BN n ^«iM K •i<3y OB -iiy ■ _A «■ - V '■•- ^ \W ^ \ w4 < i* i* \ i u> f ^^ "V '"^ ^ % ■^ r^ ■^ f4k Wr(i ^ *> % if % r1 Ij; f% % ^ \m ^^ V* J fe^ li^ ^ ^ ?^ %\^ ^^ < " \ ■ .M "> ^"^ ^^ >J ** K n ^ ^d m ^1 :cJ f^ U" %?^ p^ < F ■^ ^ «. K mas IS ^(Jaa H Tias 1 laos 18 -any \z -any il •ai'V 01 -any 8 amy a e.xac oe /imf 81 ii^ir 9 iyat Ksmf IZBOTlf 91 ancf 8 Btmr I aunr 92 £BH 81 iBR II -tiin IZ •■lay 08 'Jdy EI idy , ■ / f^ ^ ^ r- 4 ^ ■^ a ^ t^ ^d ^^ ^ 1 . _j • i 4 "*^ o r - ! ^ to El ^ t ^ *" r J _ 1^ \ ^ » r \ 1^ fp ^^ 1 ^ » < =^ » 1 1 «» f -- 1^ ^ ^ "^ ^^ ^^ f ^ t*" r Zm % 1 r^ ^ ^% ^ i ? I « - ^^ ^^ m,U \ —. — Snipne iiea.U + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 •saqani 'uoiTOiiJiaaja ■ejnviBdap ejTv^Siedniej, S i3 SB p, 3 S S ' II Br- ad 2 • S I o A ^ ^ • £52. » s S g ^ -5 2 -a ■o d £ ;^ a ■S -2 S •" 2 " 2 S 'S - THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 41 WASHIXGTOX : GOVERXXIEXT rRIXTIXG OFFICE : 19U U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE^.^' Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, ChieU"' September 16, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Page. General review of crop conditions, September 1, 1911 1 Cotton conditions, August 25, 1914, with comparisons 3 Trend of prices of farm products 4 Sugar-beet prospects 5 Florida and California crop report 5 Honey production 6 Conference on the cotton marketing situation 8 The hog supply 15 The apple crop 15 The 1914 crops in England 16 Marketing the apple crop 16 Condition, production, forecast, and prices of specified crops (tables) 22 Prices of farm products (tables) 32 The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on October 1 34 Crop conditions September 1, 1914, chart 35 Temperature and precipitation, charts 36 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF OCTOBER CROP REPORTS. A report showing the condition of the cotton crop on September 25 will be issued by the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the Department of Agricultvu-e on Friday, October 2, at 12 noon (eastern time), the date announced for the Census Bureau's report of cotton ginned. An act of Congress requires that the condi- tion reports of the cotton crop shall be issued on the same day in October each year as the first ginners' report of actual cotton ginned. This will be the last regular cotton condition report of the season. The estimate of total production will be made in December. On "SV'ednesday, October 7, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), there will be issued a crop summary, as follows: Condition, either on October 1 or at time of harvest, of corn, buckwheat, potatoes, tobacco, flaxseed, apples, rice; yield per acre, total production (preliminary estimate), and quality of spring wheat, oats, and barley. A supplemental report will be issued, giving a general review of the crop situation as of October 1, which will include the following crops: Condition, either on October 1 or at time of harvest, of clover seed, swe'el potatoes, grapes, pears, cranberries, oranges, lemon.s, sugar cane, sorghum, sugar beets, peanuts; production, compared with a full crop (by percentages), of alfalfa seed, millet, kafir com, tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans, hemp, broom corn; average yield per acre and quality of hops. GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS, SEPTEMBER 1, 1914. The month of August was generally favorable for crops in the Southern States and unfavorable m the Northern States. Important losses are shown in corn and spring wheat, and wonderful improve- ment shown in cotton. The net result is a slight decline, the com- posite condition of all crops September 1 being 2.1 per cent below 60630°— Bull. 620—14 1 * 2 FAEMEES BULLETIN C20. the 10-year September 1 averafre, vhereas the August 1 condition was 2 per cent below the August 1 lO-year average. Prospects are for crop yields averaging 4.9 per cent better than last .year, which was a poor crop 3'ear. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents: Table \.— Estimated condition and acreage of specified crops: Total for the United States. Crop. Condition in percentage of normal. Sept. 1, 1914. Sept. 1, 1913. Sept. 1, 10-y. av. Aug. 1, 1914. Acreage, 1914. Per cent of 1913. Acres. Winter wheat. Spring wheat.. All wheat Com Oats Barley Rye Buckwheat White potatoes. Sweet potatoes. Tobacco Flax Rice Hay (tame). Cotton Apples 175.3 71.7 175.8 182.4 65.1 1 74.0 87.1 75.8 81.8 71.4 72.9 88.9 75.4 69.9 81.4 74.5 74.9 88.0 2 78.0 61.9 2 6S. 2 47.7 79.4 I 79.1 180.2 85.4 78.0 85.2 80.6 80.4 88.7 273.4 53.6 75.5 74.8 79.4 85.3 88.8 79.0 75.5 66.5 82.1 87.6 86.7 !76.4 61.3 111.6 97.3 106.4 99.3 100.0 100.4 99.1 98.9 101.1 94.9 94.6 84.1 85.2 98.9 98.7 35,387,000 17,990,000 53,377,000 105,067,000 38,383,000 7,528,000 2,533,000 796,000 3, 708, 000 593,000 1,151,000 1,927,000 704,800 48,400,000 36, 960, 000 1 Condition at time of harvest. 2 Condition 25th of preceding month. Table 2. — Estimated yields indicated by the condition of specified crops on Sept. 1. 1914, final yields in preceding years, for comparison, and farm price Sept. 1, 1914: Total for the United States. Crop. Winter wheat. Spring wheat.. All wheat Com Oats Barley Rye Buckwheat White potatoes. Sweat potatoes. Tobacco lbs.. Flax Rice Hay (tame) . . . tons. . Apples bush.. Yield per acre. Buf:n. 2 19.1 12.2 10. 8 24.9 29.1 26.3 2 11). 8 21.5 98.0 93.0 729.0 8.0 34.5 2 1.42 1909-1913 average. Bvsh. 15.6 13.3 14.7 25.9 30.6 24.3 16.1 20.5 97.1 92.7 815.1 7.8 33.3 1.34 Total production (in millions of bushels). 1914 1 Sep- tember fore- cast. 2 675 221 896 2,598 1,116 200 243 17 371 55 862 15 24 2 69 220 August forecast. 2 675 236 911 2,634 1,153 203 243 17 370 50 791 17 24 1913, final. 523 240 763 2,447 1,122 178 41 14 332 59 954 18 26 64 145 1909-1913 average, final. 441 245 686 2,708 1,131 182 35 17 357 58 996 20 24 66 176 Farm price Sept. 1. 1914 Cents. 93.3 81.5 42.3 52.5 75.4 79.8 74.9 92.7 $11.91 "68.6 Cents. 77.1 75.4 39.3 .W. 2 63.0 70.0 75.3 127.8 $11. 89 375.2 1909-1913 average. Cents. 87.7 71. 2 39.1 59.5 71.4 74,0 167.4 $12. 04 372.4 Interpreted from condition reports. 2 Preliminary estimate. 3 Average Aug. 15. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 Table 3. — Growing condition of spedjied crops Sept. 1, expressed in percentages of their 10-year average (not the normal) on Sept. 1, and the improvement (+) or decline { — ) during August: Total for the United States. Crop. Peaches >■ Apples Cranberries Cantaloupes i . Grapes Kafir corn Cotton Hay Watermelons ' Lemons Alfalfa 1 Pears Broomcorn Condi- tion in percent- age of lO-ycar aver- age, Sept. 1. 116.0 115. 5 115.3 108.1 107.8 107.2 106.3 106.0 105.8 105.6 105.2 105.0 104.1 Change during August. + 2.2 + 3.1 + 3.4 + 10.8 + 0.2 + 5.3 + 4.1 Crop. Millet Sugar beets Barley Buckwheat , Oranges Peanuts Beans (dry) Rice Tomatoes.. Potatoes . . . Cabbages... Onions Condi- tion in percent- age of 10-year aver- age, Sept.l. 103. 4 103. 102.7 102.0 101.5 101.4 101.1 100.2 97.5 97.2 97.1 97.0 Change during August. +2.6 -0.4 -1.2 + 2.3 -0.7 + 4.3 -0.7 + 1.1 + 4.0 +2.1 + 1.9 +3.6 Crop. Sorghum Lima beans. ..' Clover seed Sweet potatoes Oats Sugar cane Pla.x Corn Spring wheat. . Tobacco Hemp Hops Condi- tion in percent- age of 10-year aver- age > Sept.l. 97. 96. 9 96. 5 96.0 95.8 91.8 90.7 90.3 88. S 88.6 88. 5 88. 5 Change during August. + 5.6 + 6.0 + 8.7 - 2.3 + 6.5 -8.7 - 1.0 - 5.5 + 7.0 + 6.3 -11.5 1 Production compared with full crop. Table 4. — Combined condition of all crops (100 = average), and change during August, by States. State. Com- bined condi- tion (per cent). Change. State. Com- bined condi- tion (per cent). Change. State. Com- bined condi- tion iPer cent). Change. 108. 8 108.0 96.8 111.2 106.0 108. 8 103.7 106.7 103. 2 105.7 110,2 85.6 86.4 101.1 99.9 103.3 100.0 - 0.3 - 5.9 - 1.6 + 4.9 + 10.2 + 5.3 + 0.3 + 2.6 - 1.7 + 0.5 - 1.6 - 7.1 + 1.3 + 1.5 + 3.2 + 5.1 + 1.7 Ohio 96.2 8(1.3 81.6 108. 1 101.8 91.0 97.3 80.8 98.9 95.4 99.7 118.7 90.4 94.3 98.3 98.9 96.2 + 0.1 - 0.6 - 2.3 - 1.2 - 5.5 - 3.4 - 7.4 - 8.2 - 8.5 + 1.4 - 5.9 - 4.2 + 11.1 + 10.2 + 4.0 + 3.2 + 3.9 Texas 104.8 102. 3 92. r, 91.5 99.5 106.5 111.3 97.7 98.7 118. 9 95.0 102.4 94.2 108.5 + 15 5 New Jlampsliire Vermont Indiana Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona.. . + 90 + 90 Massachusetts. . . Bhode Island . . . Connecticut Nev,f York Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa - 4.6 + 0.6 - 5.7 1 7 New Jersey Mis.souri — 3 3 Pennsvlvania... North Dakota... South Dakota... Nebraska Utah — 6.5 Delaware Nevada + 14 1 Maryland Idaho — 5.1 Washington Oregon 8 West Vii'ginia... Kentucky Teimesse'e Alabama Mississippi Louisiana — 6.4 North Carolina.. California United States . + 0.1 97.9 1 Florida COTTON CONDITION AUGUST 25, 1914, WITH COMPARISON. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates esti- mates, from the reports of the correspondents and agents, that the condition of the cotton crop on August 25 was 78 per cent of a normal, as compared with 76.4 on July 25, 1914, 68.2 on August 26, 1918, 74.8 on August 25, 1912, and 73.4, the average on August 25 of the past 10 years. FAEMEES BULLETIN 620. Table 5. — Conditicn cf the cotton crop and farm price, by States. State. Aug. 25, 1914. July 25, 1914. Aug. 25. 10-year aver- age. Farm price. Sect. 1, 1914. Aug.l, 1914. Sept. 1— Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas Tennessee Missouri Okfahoma California United States 76 71 72 73 75 75 100 95 9.6 9.6 S. 7 7.9 13.0 8.5 9.1 10.0 8.3 10.0 10.1 8.0 12.2 12.5 12.9 12.9 17.0 12. S 12. 5 12. 2 12^0 11.7 12.5 12.1 12.0 12.6 11.8 11.7 11.7 14.0 11.6 12.0 11.8 11.9 11.7 11.8 11.5 11.7 11.1 11.5 11.7 11.4 14.0 11.1 11.5 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.1 9.2 11.5 11.8 11.3 Table 6. — Condition of the cotton crop monthly and the estimated yield per acre for the past 10 years. TOTAL FOR THE UNITED STATES. Year. May 25. June 25. July 25. Aug. 25. Sept. 25. Yield per acre. 1913 79.1 78.9 87.8 82.0 81.1 79.7 70.5 84.6 83! 81.8 80.4 88.2 80.7 74.6 SI. 2 72.0 .83.3 77.0 88.0 79.6 76.5 89.1 75.5 7L9 83.0 75.0 82.9 74.9 91.6 68.2 74.8 73.2 72.1 63.7 76.1 72.7 77.3 72.1 84.1 64.1 69.6 71.1 65.9 58.5 69.7 67.7 71.6 71.2 75.8 Lbs. lint. 182.0 1912 190.9 1911 207. 7 1910 170.7 1909 154.3 190S 194.9 1907 178.3 1906 202.5 1905 186.1 1904 204.9 A\-erage, 1904-13 80.4 80.7 80.0 73.4 08.5 187. 2 TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops decreased about 2.7 per cent during August; in the past 6 years the price level has decreased during August 2.4 per cent. On September 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 3.7 per cent higher than a year ago, 2.7 per cent higher than 2 years ago, and 3.9 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 years on Septem- ber 1, The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals increased 3.0 per cent during the month from July 15 to August 15. This compares with an average advance from July 15 to August 15 in the past four years of 0.8 per cent. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 On August 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.63 per 100 pounds, which compares with S7.20 a year ago, $6.56 two years ago, $5.87 three years ago, and $6.67 four years ago on August 15. A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 32 and 33. SUGAR-BEET PROSPECTS. The condition of sugar beets September 1 was 92.5 per cent of a normal. This forecasts a yield per acre of about 10.4 tons. The actual outturn will likely be above or below this amount according as conditions at harvest are better or worse than usual. A yield of 10.4 tons on the estimated planted acreage, 520,600 acres, amounts to 5,414,000 tons, or 52,000 tons more than were indicated by the condition of the growing beets on August 1. But there is usually some abandonment of acreage, the average in recent years being 10 per cent. Assuming an average abandonment of 10 per cent, there would result about 4,873,000 tons of sugar beets. The production in 1913 was 5,659,000 tons, which produced 1,466,802,000 pounds of sugar. FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 7. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. Florida. California. Crop. Condition Sept 1— Condi- tion Aug. 1, 1914. Condition Sept. 1— Condi- lion 1914 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 Aug. 1, 1914. Oranges 87 89 97 87 89 92 76 61 87 89 88 Lemons. . 91 Limes 85 87 75 80 ioo 84 45 68 95 94 79 80 88 88 Grapefruit Peaches, production > 94 95 84 95 97 80 74 87 84 84 65 89 73 82 86 65 70 78 55 77 85 92 85 86 89 83 89 80 83 86 Peaches, quality Pears. . 84 Watermelons' 74 68 79 73 80 68 Apricots. ... .J 77 Prunes 73 Olives 85 Almonds 83 Walnuts 1 82 Velvet beans 88 92 86 Grapes: For wine 89 90 91 80 75 SO 87 85 87 93 For raisms 91 For table 1 93 1 Production compared with a full crop. 6 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 620. HONEY PRODUCTION. The results of the first inquiry of the Bureau of Crop Estimates on honey production are presented in Table 8. The figures given are based upon estimates received from the bureau's regular corps of correspondents and from a large special list of bee keepers. The number and character of the reports received insure that the figures given fairly reflect the relative yield per colony this year and last, with the one exception that the fall flow this autumn may increase somewhat the yields for 1914. The returns were particularly full and adequate from all of the important honey-producing sections. The yield is based on the total honey surplus (removed or to be removed from the hive) divided by the number of colonies remaining at the close of last winter. The honey yield in the white-clover belt of the central northern States has been very disappointing, especially when compared with the abundant yield last year and also with the unusually bright prospects early in the present year. Through many portions of this belt the crop failed entirely. The yields in the more northern States, where the dependence upon white clover is not so great, were fair, though generally somewhat under those of last year. The yields in the important honey-producing regions of southern California and southern Texas were good. The alfalfa yield in Colorado and Utah was fair, tliough not equal to last year. The South Atlantic and east Gulf States have yields about the same as last year — near an average crop. An interesting fact, developed by this inquiry, is that the propor- tion of comb and ' 'chunk" honey is decreasing and that the extracted is increasing. Testimony from the producers of bee keepers' supplies is corroborative of this finding. The practical failure of honey production in much of the white- clover belt should put bee keepers there on the alert to supplement the bees' scanty fall stores with sirup to prevent winter loss from starvation, unless the fall flow should prove unexpectedly abundant. Though the cost of sugar is high, a good colony of bees is worth much more than the cost of furnishing full stores for the winter. A special report from Porto Rico shows continued large increases in the number of colonies of bees in that island, which fact is reflected in the phenomenal increase in export of honey and beeswax, the value of which has increased from about S5,000 to $100,000 during the past six years. A good strong colony in Porto Eico is expected to produce about 300 pounds of honey a year, the nectar flow, largely from flowering trees, being practically continuous throughout the year. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 7 Table 8. — Honey — Yield per colony and proportion of crop in comb, extract, and chxink, 1914. with comparisons. State. Yield per colony. 1914 1913 Form of honey produced. Proportions in 1914. Comb. Extract. Chunk Proportions in 1909. Comb. Extract.! Chunk. Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Coimecticut... New York New Jersey. . . Pennsylvania . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia.. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia . Florida. Ohio Indiana. Illinois.. Michigan.. Wisconsin . Minnesota . Iowa Missouri . . . North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee.. Alabama. . . Mississippi . Louisiana.. Texas Oklahoma. Arkansas... Montana . . . Wyoming.. Colorado... New Mexico. Arizona , Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Oregon California . . . Lbs. 45 27 39 25 40 28 20 10 35 15 30 30 25 35 25 30 42 17 14 12 37 45 35 20 5 Lbs. 38 27 33 31 45 35 37 40 45 21 40 38 20 25 25 30 50 50 60 60 50 60 60 65 30 Per ct. 80 Per ct. 15 Per ct. 5 Perct. 80 65.9 66.9 5 48 47 25 65 28. 1 32.4 95 47 50 75 29 6 0.7 United States. 50 70 70 75 55 45 40 36 22 42 28 33 23 41 26 100 51 17 15 30 61 94 83 Per ct. 20 20 40.6 28.8 12 90 33 38 35 21 95 2S 01 90 100 The receipts of butter and eggs at five primary markets, as reported to the Bureau of Crop Estimates, for August, 1914, Avere: Butter, 12,613,611 pounds; eggs, 319,873 cases. The average receipts for August during the five years 1910-1914 were: Butter, 13,569,915 pounds; eggs, 299,375 cases. 8 FAEMEES BULLETIN G20. CONFERENCE ON THE COTTON MARKETING SITUATION. By Charles J. Brand, Chief. Office of Markets. The proper marketing of the cotton crop, &n unsolved problem even in times of peace, has been made infinitely more difficult and almost impossible by the war in Europe. The gravity of the situation, due to the interruption of the export business, not only to the cotton industry, but also to the whole business structure of the country, led Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo to call a conference to advise with him as to remedial measures that might be taken. About 1 50 persons, representative of all of the interests in the cotton trade, were in attendance at the meetings at the Pan American Building on August 24 and 25, 1914. Recently in normal years about two-thirds of the crop has gone abroad. The value of this export has amounted to from $500,000,000 to $600,000,000 per year. Last year it approximated the latter figure, about 8,700,000 bales of our 14,000,000-bale crop going into foreign commerce, while roughly 5,300,000 bales were used at home. Of the quantity exported something less than 7,000,000 bales went to the countries now in a state of war. England, with takings of about 3,500,000 bales, is, of course our greatest customer. Germany directly imports considerably less than half that quantity and ranks second. The problem so far as the United States is concerned is further complicated by the Indian and other crops, totaling between 7,000,000 and 8,000,000 bales, many of which are without their usual market, thus necessarily adding to the pressure on the price of an international crop like cotton. The disturbed and panicky spirit that appeared to some extent during the first day of the conference disappeared on the second. This change has been reflected in the country at large, not so much because of the things specifically accomplished by the meeting, as on account of the clearing away of a multitude of rather impractical and impru- dent expedients that had been suggested and championed by various individuals and interests as remedies. It is rather characteristic of American business to lay to and do things as soon as it is clear what can be done under a given set of conditions. Many estimates have been made as to th& surplus of our crop that must be taken care of until better conditions j^revail. The general opinion of the representatives of the producing, banking, manufactur- ing, and other interests at the conference indicated that a volume of from 4,000,000 to 5,000,000 bales would have to be provided for in some way. It is estimated that of the 143,000,000 spindles in the world, 50,000,- 000 are in countries that are at peace; 32,000,000 of these are in the United States and 18,000,000 in other countries. As there are 6,000,000 spindles in India working almost wholly on coarse goods, THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 and over 2,000,000 in Japan, there remain only 10,000,000 outside of these three countries. Some American mills are closing down, others are working only part time, or with reduced force. They are buying naturally rather on a hand-to-mouth basis. Spinners, exceptin the distinctly standard lines, feel that they must have orders in hand to justify manufacture. The problem then from the standpoint of any help the mills can give is to get orders. No effort should be spared in this direction. The De- partment of Commerce is helping so far as lies within its authority in opening up new foreign markets, but private initiative must not wait for too much government help in such a situation. If the quantity to be carried over until next year is to be reduced to a minimum, American mills must increase their production to at least full capacity of present spindles. Japan, with a total spindleage only about 200,000 greater than that of Georgia, is reported as working overtime. In the interruption of the movement of goods in. the regu- lar channels of trade, in common with all neutrals, the United States has suffered seriously and manufacturers and sales agencies have not yet been able to open up new markets. Furthermore, many cases are reported in which orders even from other countries on the American continent have been canceled. The closely intermingled commercial relations that exist are well shown by tlie fact that the cancellation of European orders for copper from Bolivia have brouglit about the can- cellation of orders for cotton goods from certain American mills, resulting in at least one case in a complete shutdown. A considerable part of the discussion during the conference had for its object the obtainmg for State banks which are not under the control of the Comptroller of the Currency of the same privileges as are accorded to National banks. The Secretary of the Treasury made it perfectly clear that there is no legislation under which such action could be taken, even if it were considered desirable. However, it was pointed out that State banks would not be v.dthout relief on this account as they are largely customers of National banks which would be in a position to accept their paper. So far as warehousmg facilities are concerned, the discussion at the conference developed the general lack of adequate facilities for protecting the cotton crop. Certain of the States, notably Georgia, are rather well supplied, but there naturally exists no organization through whose instrumentality there can be brought about the com- plete utilization of the warehouses that we have. The opinion appeared to prevail among many in attendance at the conference that the passage of the warehouse legislation pendmg in Congress might assist somewhat in a more efficient utilization of present space. There is a general absence of public bonded warehouses throughout the cotton belt because of the unusual number of defalcations and malfeasances that have occurred in the cotton-warehouse business. 60630°— BuIL 620—14 2 10 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 620. Bonding companies ha^'e been loath to extend their surety in the cotton trade. Warehousing operations will be promoted to the great- est extent in those States whose laws afford most adequate protection for the surety companies. The prevention of fraud in the matter of warehouse receipts is more important than t»he question of the character of the warehouse itself. As pointed out in the conference, it is not necessary that cotton be stored in bonded, brick, frame, or corrugated-iron warehouses. A floor which will keep the cotton off the ground, a covering which will keep off the rain, and a fence and a guard that will prevent theft are all that are absolutely necessary in the way of buildings, though they do not represent the most desir- able degree of protection. But protection against the fraudulent use of warehouse receipts is absolutely essential. The conference itself to some extent and subsequent smaller con- ferences have developed the difficulties that are bound to arise in connection with the insuring of the lai-ge quantity of cotton which may be held over. The proper protection of say $200,000,000 worth of cotton presents some difficult problems in insurance, especially in connection with warehousing. In normal times 60 per cent of the crop goes abroad and is covered by marine uisurance from the time it is delivered to the carrier at interior pomts until it arrives at its foreign destmation. This year it seems likely that only a small per- centage of such protection ^^dll be in effect at any one time. The hazards are not only those of construction, location, safeguarding of warehouses, and the like, but there has always been in times past a largely increased moral hazard which arises especially when the price that may be ob tamed for cotton falls below the insurance upon it. It may be said that both the bonding and msurance mterests have expressed a desire and willmgness to lend all possible assistance com- patible with good business policy. The holding over of a large portion of this year's product consti- tutes a grave danger to future crops, which was seriously discussed by some of the speakers at the conference. It was assumed that there would be a very large reduction in acreage next year unless a cessation of hostilities brought about a speedy return to normal con- ditions. It is difficult to estimate the value of the factors on which such an assumption is based, and it seems that there should be definite w^ork in aU of the cotton States having in mind positive action toward increasing the production of food and forage crops and reducing cot- ton acreage correspondingly. A subject scarcely touched upon at the conference is the acute situation that prevails in the cotton-seed trade. Interior points at which prices of from $18 to $24 per ton prevailed at this time last year are quoted at the present time anywhere from $4 to $12 below last year's prices. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 11 The fertilizer interests of the country, which have a very acute interest in the marketing of the cotton crop on account of the fact that they advance from S60,000,000 to $75,000,000 worth of fertihzer a year to help make the crop, were represented at the conference. Their general position necessarily favored action looking toward at least reasonable recognition by the Treasury Department of commer- cial paper based on cotton. In addition to Secretary McAdoo, Secretary Houston, Postmaster General Burleson, and the whole membership of the Federal Reserve Board were present at the conference. Certain of Secretary McAdoo's statements in connection with the matter are of such importance they are quoted herewith: Among the eligible securities to be used as a basis for the issue of currency, I have decided to accept from National banks, through their respective National Currency Associations, notes, secured by warehouse receipts, for cotton or tobacco, and having not more than four months to run, at 75 per cent of their face value. The banks and the assets of all banks belonging to the currency association will be jointly and sever- ally liable to the United States for the redemption of such additional circulation and a lien will extend to and cover the assets of all banks belonging to the association and to the securities deposited by the banks with the association, pursuant to the provi- sions of law, but each bank composing such association will be liable only in propor- tion that its capital and surplus bear to the aggregate capital and surplus of all such banks. This plan ought to enable the farmers to pick and market the cotton crop if the bankers, merchants, and cotton manufacturers will cooperate ■with each other and with the farmers, and will avail of the relief offered by the Treasury within reasonable limits. Such cooperation is earnestly urged upon all these interests. The farmer can not expect as high a price for cotton this year because of the European war, yet he should not be forced to sacrifice his crop. The banker and the merchant should not exact excessive rates of interest, and the manufacturers should replenish their stocks as much as possible and pay reasonable prices for the product. If this is done, and it can be done if every one displays a helpful spirit, a normal condition can be restored and there ought to be no serious difficulty in taking care of the cotton problem. This is a time when the entire country expects that purely selfish interests shall be subordinated to the common good; that undue advantage shall not be taken of the necessities of each other. I am happy to say that this spirit seemed to animate those who attended the so-called cottton conference held at my request in Washington on August 24 and 25. Since the law leaves it entirely in the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury to issue or not to issue the currency to which I have referred, I shall not hesitate to refuse it if I am convinced that it will be used merely for speculative purposes instead of for the operation of harvesting and carrying the crop until a reasonable market can be found and for the needs of legitimate business. It is not my purpose to prescribe the character of warehouses in which cotton and tobacco may be stored. The banks will be relied upon to see that warehouse receipts issued by responsible warehousemen or warehouse companies alone are accepted, and that the cotton and tobacco stored in such warehouses is covered by adequate fire insurance and is protected against injury by the elements. In order to obtain such currency the following things should be observed by banks applying therefor: 1. Not less than 10 National banks in any given territory, each having an unim- paired capital and surplus of not less than 20 per cent, desiring such currency shall form a National currency association, with an aggregate capital and surplus of not 1-2 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 620. le&3 tjian $5,000,000, as required by the act. Full particulars and blank forms for this purpose may be had upon application to the Comptroller of the Currency, Wash- ington, D. C. 2. Any National currency association fonned in accordance with law will receive the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. Already 37 such associations have been organized in the various States. 3. Under the law the Secretary of the Treasury may accept as security for currency — (fl) Bonds of any State or of any city, town, county, or other legally constituted municipality or district in the United States which has been in existence for a period oi 10 years and which, for a period of 10 years previous to such deposit as security, has not defaulted in the payment of any part of either principal or interest of any funded debt authorized to be contracted by it, and whose net funded indebtedness does not exceed 10 per cent of the valuation of its taxable property, to be ascertained by the last preceding valuation of property for the assessment of taxes. (h) Any securities, including commercial paper, approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, held by a national bank and made available through a National currency association under the direction and control of the Secretary of the Treasury, at not exceeding 75 per cent of the cash value of such securities or commercial paper. (c) No National bank shall be permitted to issue circulating notes based on commer- cial paper alone in excess of 30 per cent of its unimj^aired capital and surplus. 4. The total amount of currency issuable to any bank, including its circulating notes issued against United States bonds, shall not be more than 125 per cent of its unimpaired capital and surplus. 5. Each bank or currency association receiving currency must maintain in the Treas. ury at Washington a redemption fund in gold of at least 5 per cent. The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, require such additional deposits in gold as, in his judgment, may be sufficient for the redemption of such notes. By reason of a imaninioiis vote of the conference Secretary McAdoo appointed a committee to fornmlate a report and suggestions to him with regard to the matters considered at the conference. A few of the more important featm^es of the committee's report were as follows : That it is the sense of the committee that cotton, tobacco, and naval stores should be marketed as deliberately as possible until they can again be exported in normal quantity and that when properly conditioned should be warehoused with responsible concerns, that they should be protected against weather damage, and be properly insured against loss or damage by fire. That warehouse receipts for these commodities are proper collateral for loans by banks, and should be so accepted, with such limitations as to margin, inspection, and valuation as conservative bankers may each in their discretion see fit to impose. That the average market value of middling cotton for the past six years has been in excess of 12 cents per pound, that the committee is informed that the cost of producing cotton averages throughout the United States about 9h cents a pound, that it is a rule of economics that the production of staple commodities will decrease if they continue unsalable at less than the cost of production plus a reasonable profit. That cotton does not deteriorate when properly warehoused, and is as good 20 years after it is picked as when it is first gathered; that it can therefore be carried over until the restoration of normal business conditions enables the world's consumption to absorb it. The com- mittee is therefore of the opinion that every effort should be made to assist the pro- ducers to hold their cotton for a price that will minimize their loss as far as possible until such time as the channels of foreign trade shall be reopened. That loans upon cotton made upon a basis of 8 cents per pound for middling, less such margin as the lender shall consider necessary, will afford reasonable protection to bankers aud will greatly facilitate the financing of our most important export crop in the present emergency. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 13 That in suggesting 8 cents per pound for iniddling cotton as a basis for loans, it is not the purpose of the committee to convey the idea that that figure represents in their opinion the intrinsic value of cotton, but that it is sufficient in their judgment to meet the requirements of the situation, and enable the farmer to market his cotton in an orderly and deliberate manner. That in the case of tobacco and naval stores the committee is informed that when these commodities are properly conditioned, stored, and insured, they are practically nonperishable, and that the committee therefore recommends that warehouse receipts for tobacco and naval stores be accepted as security for loans on a basis that has duo reference to their market value less such allowance as the lenders shall consider rea- sonable in view of the present suspension of the export demand. Your committee recommends that notes having not longer than four months to run, when secured by proper warehouse receipts for the aforesaid commodities, properly insured, be accepted for rediscount by the Federal reserve banks, when organized, and that they also be approved by the National currency associations as security for additional circulation to the National banks under the provisions of the Aldrich- Vreeland Act, as amended by the Federal reserve act. That a subcommittee be appointed by you for the purpose of conferring with the Treasury Department and the banking interests with a view of carrjdng into effect the recommendations herein made. A suggestion by Mr. W. G. P. Harding, of the Federal Reserve Board, found considerable favor and was submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury as a recommendation to be followed m towns served wholly or chiefly by State banks. This was to the effect that respon- sible warehousing firms or corporations be requested to issue their notes as trustees to parties storing cotton, tobacco, or naval stores, V ith a maturity of not longer than four months, setting forth on their face that they are secured by a pledge of the commodit}- stored and certifying that the commodity is properly insured for the protection of the holders of the notes. A draft of such a note is shown herewith: [Face of note.] ?20.00. No. 2409. Warrant Warehouse Company, Cottontoicn, Ala., September 1, 1914- On or before four months I promise to pay to the order of myself TWENTY DOLLARS At the Farmers' State Bank of Cottontov,-n, Alabama, with interest from date at G per cent per annum, having pledged as security for this note, and equally and ratably for two additional notes of same tenor and date for $10 each, one bale of cotton of the grade and weight certified by the Warrant Warehouse Company. Said Warrant Warehouse Company is hereby constituted trustee for the benefit of the holders of the obligations against this bale of cotton and is authorized and empowered at any time after the maturity of this note to sell said cotton at public or private sale, and to apply the proceeds to the liquidation of this and the other notes thereby secured, accounting to me for the balance, if any, after all charges are paid. If before the maturity of this note, the value of cotton should decline, the trustee is authorized to call for additional seciuity, and in event of noncompli- ance, this obligation shall be held to be immediately due and payable, and au- thority is given for the immediate sale of the cotton. Warrant Warehouse Company hereby certifies that it has received as security for this note one bale of cotton marked " J J, " weight 506 pounds, grade middling. Warrant Warehouse Company, President. 14 FAEMEES BULLETIN 620. These notes when practicable should bear a statement on their reverse side showing that they are receivable by the banks at their face value for debts in the town where the warehouse is located. They may also show that they are receivable by merchants and other business men whose names appear on the reverse side in payment of obligations or for goods purchased. [Reverse side of note.] This note is receivable at its face value in payment of obligations clue us. Farmers' State Bank. Bank or Commerce. Peoples' Bank. And is receivable at its face value in payment of obligations and all purchases of goods by the follow- ing merchants: John Smith & Company. Peter Brown & Company. Farmers' Fertilizer Company. Middleton Supply Company. These notes are not in any case to be regarded as a circulation medium, but are to be held by the banks as loans which can be negotiated by them with National banks, which can in turn pledge them with the National currency associations estabhshed under the National banldng laws as security for additional currency or for discount to the Federal reserve banks when these have perfected their organizations. It is reported that growers are being discouraged by market con- ditions from picking the crop already made on the plants. They hesitate to add to the accrued production cost an additional charge of about $15 per bale for picking, ginning, and wrapping. High-grade early season cotton, picked before unfavorable weather has had an opportunity to injure it, commands the cream of the market at any time, and especially so in times like the present. Hence, if cotton is to be picked at all the early season part of the crop is the one to gather. It is always worth from 1 to even 4 or 5 cents per pound more than the low grades of the late season. The differential in price this year will probably be greater than in normal years. If we wait and fill our warehouses later with low-grade staple there is danger of a further depression of the market. Growers and others proposing to warehouse cotton would do well to put in storage a reasonable proportion of early pickings. Those who feel unable to bear the additional cost of ginning and baling should store as much cotton in the seed (without ginning) on the farm in such buildings as furnish reasonable protection. Seed cot- ton to be stored in this manner should be picked as dry as possible and after the dew is gone, in order to lessen the danger of heating. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 Middling cotton, which on July 27 found ready sale at better than 13 cents per pound, is now selling at between 7 and 8 cents. This bare fact is a sufficient call upon every interest, especially in the cotton States, to take such steps as will assist toward the deliberate and proper marketing of the crop. However, the question is of National and not sectional importance. THE HOG SUPPLY. The number of stock hogs in the United States on September 1 is estimated by the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the Department of Agi'iculture as 100.8 per cent of the number in the country a year ago. A year ago, however, the number was relatively short. Therefore the present supply may be regarded as below a normal supply, but the downward tendency of numbers appears to have been checked. The decline, as compared with a year ago, is almost entirely in the five States of Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kan- sas. Nearly all other States have the same or more than a year ago. The condition as to health and quahty of hogs is estimated as somewhat higher than either of the past two years, although slightly below the average of the past 10 years. Detailed estimates, by States, are shown on page 28. THE APPLE CROP. The condition of the apple crop on September 1 in the United States is estimated at 61.9 per cent of normal, compared with a 10- year average of 53.6 per cent. This condition is interpreted as fore- casting a total production of about 220,000,000 bushels. The fore- cast on August 1 was 210,000,000 bushels. These estimates are based upon a reported total production of 145,000,000 bushels in 1909 by the United States Census, and taking into account changes in condi- tion since then. Such statements of total production of apples should not be confounded with estimates of "commercial" crop, which last year was only about 40 per cent of the total agricultural production. Comparative statistics of production and prices, by States, are given on pages 29 and 30. The average yield per acre of wheat in the United States during the five years 1909-1913 was 14.7 bushels, which was 3.6 bushels per acre above the average reported for 1866-1870. This apparent increase in average jield, appHed to the acreage of wheat in 1914, equals 192,000,000 bushels. 16 FAEMEBS' BULLETIN 620. THE 1914 CROPS OF ENGLAND AND WALES. According to the preliminary estimate of the British Board of Agri- culture and Fisheries, the area and production of cereals, pulse, and potatoes in England and Wales in 1914, as compared with the final data for 1913, are as follows: Area and production of certain crops in England and Wales, 1914. Crop. Area (acres). Production (Winchester bushels). 1914 1913 1914 1913 Wheat. 1,843,000 1,536,000 1,937,000 299, 000 171,000 470,000 1, 702, 000 1,559,000 1,975,000 268, 000 164,000 442,000 60,406,000 50, 668, 000 75,094,000 8,912,000 3, 590, 000 107,520,000 54,812,000 52,177,000 77,395,000 7, .548, 000 3, 480, 000 108, 067, 000 Oats Peas As estimated by the same authority, the number of live stock in England and Wales on June 4, 1914, as compared wdth that on the corresponding date of the preceding three years, was as below: Number of specified hinds of live stock in England and Wales. i 19i4 1913 1912 1911 Cattle 5,880,000 17.457,000 2,516,000 5,717,000 17,130,000 2,102,000 5,842,000 18,0.53,000 2,497,000 5,914,000 19,331,000 2,651,000 Sheep MARKETING THE APPLE CROP. By Glarexcb W. Moomaw, Spcciulisl in Cooperative Organization, Office of Markets. According to investigations conducted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, it is estimated that the .commercial apple crop of 1914 will be much larger than that of last year, but not so great by several million barrels as in 1912. Present indications are that the problem of distribution will be rather complex, owing to the heavy yield and uncertain conditions resulting from the European war. The United Kingdom and the Continent in the past have taken only a small percentage of American apples, less than 2,000,000 barrels annually from the United States, and little more from Canada, but the influence of those markets upon prices of the better grades of market apples has been potent. It is desirable that growers and shippers optimistically prepare for disposal of Europe's usual portion in other ways, and relieve their minds of any idea that the present prosperity of the apple industry is dependent upon open markets across the Atlantic. The chief effect of the war upon the app.e market is a feeling of uneasiness among dealers who have been accustomed to buy for export, or for distribution at home through the winter. Another THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 factor is the influence upon credit, which makes it more difficult; for growers and shippers to finance the deal. Ocean transportation has been seriously crippled, but latest amiouncements of steamshij) companies indicate that fairly regular schedules will be maintained between America and the United King- dom. However, granting that transportation can be satisfactorily arranged, America can not expect Europe to draw her usual portion. It will hardly be possible to reach Germany, and even where markets are open, the demand for apples will be greatly curtailed owing to the fact that fruit is somewhat of a luxury, and consequently it^ sale is seriously affected in hard times. The conclusion is that America must either consume her apples or find new markets for the surplus. It should be remembered that the home markets, which always have consumed practically the entire crop, are still open, and that with judicious handhng from orchard to consumer the demand can be stimulated and the crop marketed with relative success to all, even granting Europe does not draw a single package. It would appear that simple confidence and good sense are required for solving the problem of distribution. As to just what constitutes judicious handling, the Office of Markets, in answering inquiries from various parts of the country, strongly urges : First, that growers pick and handle the fruit in such condition as to insure it against deterioration. Second,, that growers, associations, and operators who use the barrel as a container adopt the standard barrel and uniformly grade and pack the crop in compUance with the standards of the Sulzer law, branding their packages accordingly. Third, that all inferior grades be eUminated from the green-fruit markets, and diverted as far as possible to cider mills, canneries, and evaporators. Fourth, that only long-keeping, standard-packed varieties be placed in cold storage. Fifth, that a special effort be made to fully supply small towns by direct sales, for the purpose of securing equitable distribution and avoiding the congestion of large markets. Sixth, that all growers, operators, dealers, and associations early reconcile themselves to the conditions, and arrive at an estimate of true values in order to assure quick movement of the crop from pro- ducer to consumer. In explanation, it is suggested that growers should not attempt to harvest the crop at one picking, but rather should glean the trees for only such fruit as is ready to come off, repeating the process until the crop has been picked in uniform condition. The advantage is that the shipping period may begin earlier and last longer, thereby securing greater time for efiecting distribution. Furthermore, if all ohe fruit is harvested at the same time, it is to be remembered that 60630°— Bull. 620—14 3 18 FARMEES' BULLETIN 620. shipments represent extreme stages of maturity, ranging from ripe to green in the same package, and that frequently toward the end of the season over-ripe condition of a portion, of the crop results from failure to take off first only what is in condition for marketing. Careful handling from orcnard to cars is necessary to prevent de- terioration. It is not difficult to understand why a lot of fruit does not arrive in the market in prime condition if it is picked and piled on the ground in the liot sun, placed in packages in a heated condi- tion, and finally hauled without cover and springs over rough roads. With proper facilities, apples picked to-day should not be packed until to-morrow. For this pm'pose shelter should be provided in order that the fruit may be packed in a cool, dry condition. Growers who have no packing sheds should either build such or arrange to use their barn floors. The wagons should be equipped witk springs, and cover provided for protection from the elements. In preparing the fruit for shipment, it is desirable that both the optional and mandatory laws be observed; first, for the sake of avoiding trouble, and second, for the good efl'ect such observance will have in ©stabHshing confidence in the markets among dealers and consumers. Reference has been made to the Sulzer law, with the terms of which it is supposed the majority of growers and shippers are famdiar. Those who grade, pack, and brand their barrels in accordance with its provisions should be more successful in making quick and satis- factory sales than otherwise. When apples are packed in a standard barrel as estabhshed by section 1 of the Sulzer law, and are plainly and conspicuously marked as containing one barrel of apples of one of the standard grades described in section 2, such a statement, if true, would constitute a satisfactory comphance with the net-weight amendment to tlie Food and Drugs Act. Otherwise the package, if intended for interstate commerce, must be marked to comply with the net-weight amendment to show the quantity of the contents, either by weight or by dry measure or by numerical count. A statement of numerical count must be quahfied by the size of the apples expressed as the average diameter in inches to be a statement of quantity. Indications are that inferior grades will meet with a very poor demand, and that it will be more profitable to keep these grades at home, or for dehvery to by-product plants. Such grades will jiot only move very slowly, but under the circmnstances of a large yield would undoubtedly interfere with profitable disposition of the better grades. It has been a custom in some States to ship a large portion of the crop in bulk. Such fruit, as a rule, is handled as an "orchard run" without respect to grades. Those who ship in bulk should exercise especial care tins year to eliminate such stock as is hkeiy to affect results for really good fruit. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 Those experienced in handling apples very well remember the ruinous effect of overripe low grades in years when the yield is heavy. It is to be remembered that under the circumstances httle profit accrues to any one from such fruit, but that disaster frequently results by congesting the markets with stocks that are not sufTiciently good even to justify the expense of handling. The elimination of inferior grades from the green-fruit markets is very imperative this year for successful disposition of the commercial crop, and it is desir- able that all parties to the deal strictly adhere to this principle. For the benefit of those who may not be disposed to exercise especial care in preparmg the fruit for market on the grounds that it will not be worth while, it is suggested that under conditions prevail- ing at this time the difference between proper and improper handling will probably be the difference between success and failure. What will more largely affect the situation than anything else are opening prices in the primary markets. If the growers and operators hold for arbitrarily high prices, the crop will not pass readily into consumption, and before conditions could be adjusted congestion would undoubtedly occur throughout the channels of trade, with dis- astrous results to aU concerned. Both in the primary and secondary markets the fruit should be offered at prices that will assure early trading and a quick movement, so as to avoid abnormal accumulation at shipping point and in the market. Such accumulation not only causes a depression in values, but, due to delay, over-ripe condition frequently arises and the trade finds itseK dealing in partially decayed fruit at ruinous prices. Owing to geographical location, some important apple-producing States have the natural advantage of an early season. It would be foUy for such States not to profit by that advantage. It is possible for growers so situated to leave their crop on the trees until the period of greatest movement, and frequently in years past they have suffered great loss by doing so. The southern States of the apple belt should begin early and market the greatest portion possible prior to the period of greatest movement, and thereby avoid competition with the producing areas of the northern belt. On the other hand. States "that go to market latest should be in no hurry to rush the markets during the period of greatest movement. In brief, the crop should be distributed throughout the longest time possible, cold and dry storages being judiciously utihzed for conservation. Regarding the suggestion that only long-keeping standard-grade varieties be placed in cold storage, it is explamed that prices which are likely to rule in the early winter will hardly justify accumulated charges on short-keeping and low-grade varieties. Dry-storage apples from the North and Northwest are likely to limit the sale of cold-storage fruit until midwinter. At no time is it profitable to cold store inferior grades, and especiallj" is this true in times of bountiful production. 20 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 620. Small towns outside of the . apple belt are often poorly supplied, even in large crop years. Growers of the Middle West hare taken advantage of this condition by going to such towns with cars of apples and selling on the track. In order to succeed v/ith this method the shippers should know conditions of supply and demand in the town selected, ascertain the railw^ay and township regulations controlling track sales, and precede delivery of the car with judicious advertising. Th e mayor can give information as to whether or not a license is required , and the railway agent as to whether or not track sales are allowed. With reference to the exportation of apples, especial care is arged with respect to Europe. It is shown to what a limited extent, even in nor- mal times, that Contment draws upon America for its fruit requirements. I'nder present conditions it will be very easy to o\' er-supply these mar- kets, and it IS to be remembered ocean freight rates have substantially increased. Exporters are advised carefully to watch the movement and assure themselves of steamer space and a demand on the other side before consigning fruit to countries directly affected by the war. Inquiries have been received at the Office of Markets regarding Latm America as an outlet for apples. The demand for this fruit has steadily increased, notwithstandmg poor transportation facilities and* high ocean freight rates. South America has been supplied chiefly through the medium of English dealers, a few shipments being made direct or via the United Kingdom. If arrangements could be made for direct transportation at reasonable rates, it is suggested that sub- stantial sales in Latin America would develop as a possibihty for improA^ing distribution of the crop. The Department of Commerce has expressed a desire to aid in every practicable way with the distribution of American apples in foreign countries, and it is suggested that by cooperating with that depart- ment export shippers can probably increase their trade to an appre- ciable extent in Latin America and the Orient. Inquiries should be addressed to the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. It is announced that if the facts desired are not on file in that bureau, the Department of State w^ould be requested to send the inquirer a list of consular officers from whom specific information' may be secui-ed. The following pubhcations regarding this subject may be obtained at the prices shown upon apphcation to the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Washington, D. C: Special Agents' Series, Nof 62, 30 cents;. No. 72, 10 cents; and No. 81, 25 cents; Special Consular Reports, No. 62, 10 cents; and Tariff Series No. 19a„ 5 cents. Remittances should be m cash or by money order. Stamps are not accepted. In so far as the apple grower is concerned, cooperation in distribu- tion and marketing is highly commended as an economic system for securing judicious handhng. Of course, it would be impracticable for growers to organize upon the eve of crop movement, because disaster would likely result as the consequence of too httle time for perfecting business arrangements. However, in communities where cooperative THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. • 21 packing and selling agencies are operated, the growers should do all possible to strengthen such exchanges with their patronage and counsel. The disloyalty of members is the chief element of failure in cooperative circles, and apple growers are strongly urged to stand by their associations as the best way to solve present and future problems that are common to all. For the benefit of those who may not be famiUar with the Sulzer law the context follows: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the standard barrel for apples shall be of the following dimensions when measured without distention of its parts: Length of stave, twenty- eight and one-half inches; diameter of head, seventeen and one-eighth inches; dis- tance between heads, twenty-six inches; circumference of bulge, sixty-four inches outside measurements, representing as nearly as possible seven thousand and fifty- six cubic inches: Provided, That steel bari-els containing the interior dimensions pro- vided for in this section shall be construed as a compliance therewith. Sec. 2. That the standard grades for apples when packed in barrels which shall be shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, or which shall be sold or offered for sale within the District of Columbia or the Territories of the United States shall be as follows: Apples of one variety, which are well-grown speci- mens, hand picked, of good color for the variety, normal shape, practically free from insect and fungous injury, bruises, and other defects, except such as are necessarily caused in the operation of packing, or apples of one variety which are not more than ten per centum below the foregoing specifications shall be ' 'Standai'd grade minimum size two and one-half inches," if the minimum size of the apples is two and one-half inches in transverse diameter; "Standard grade minimum size two and one-fointh inches," if the minimum size of the apples is two and one-fourth inches in transverse diameter; or ' 'Standard grade minimum size two inches, " if the minimum size of the apples is two inches in transverse diameter. Sec 3. That the barrels in which apples are packed in accordance with the provi- edon of this act may be branded in accordance with section two of this act. Sec 4. That all barrels packed with apples shall be deemed to be below standard if the barrel bears any statement, design, or device indicating that the barrel is a standard barrel of apples, as herein defined, and the capacity of the barrel is less than the capacity prescribed by section one of this act, un ess the barrel shall be plainly marked on end and side with words or figures showing the fractional relation which the actual caj^acity of the barrel bears to the capacity prescribed by section one of this act. The marking required by this paragraph shall be in block letters of size not less than seventy-two point one-inch gothic. Sec. 5. That barrels packed A\nth apples shall be deemed to be misbranded within the meaning of this act — First. If the barrel bears any statement, design, or device indicating that the apples contained therein are ' ' Standard ' ' grade and the apples when packed do not conform to the requirements prescribed by section two of this act. Second. If the barrel bears any statement, design, or de\ace indicating that the apples contained herein are ' 'Standard" grade and the barrel fails to bear also a state- ment of the name of the variety, the name of the locality where grown, and the name of the packer or the person by whose authority the apples were packed and the barrel marked. Sec. 6. That any person, firm, or corporation, or association who shall knowingly pack or cause to be packed apples in barrels or who shall knowingly sell or offer for sale such barrels in violation of the provisions of this act shall be liable to a penalty of one dollar and costs for each such barrel so sold or offered for sale, to be recovered at the suit of the United States in any court of the United States having jurisdiction. 22 FARMERS BULLETIN 620. Sec. 7. That' this act shall be in force and effect from and after the first day of July, nineteen hundred and thirteen. Approved August 3, 1912. CONDITION, PRODUCTION, FORECAST, AND PRICES OF SPECIAL CROPS, BY STATES. T.\3LE 9. — Corn and wheat: Condition, forecast, and price of com, and -price of wheat, Sept. t, 1914, with comparisons. Com. All wheat. State.. Condition Sept. 1. Forecast from con- ditions. FrnaL estimates. Price, Sept. 1. Price, Sept. 1. 1914 10- year aver- age. Sept. 1. Aug. 1. 1913 5-year average, 1909-1913. 1914 1913 5-year aver- age. 1914 1913 5-year aver- age. Me P.c. 80 89 92 91 96 93 90 93 91 88 85 73 77 85 82 83 78 81 69 64 85 87 89 81 57 83 76 65 ■ 53 74 79 76 75 74 66 42 65 82 91 88 96 90 97 96 88 86 79 &3 P.c. 87 88 87 89 91 89 80 86 84 86 84 85 84 85 83 87 86 83 85 82 80 84 85 82 76 80 83 74 64 »i 84 86 83 82 73 65 80 86 85 82 80 89 93 92 93 87 89 88 621 906 1,925 2,184 454 2,893 21,^46 11, 130 65,235 6,761 23, 669 42,912 20,855 53,978 35, 62iJ 59,059 8, 586 142, 408 153,666 288,033 59,685 62,858 90, 566 365,^9 156,558 12,457 75, 039 172,093 107,549 9-2,574 80, 718 49, 013 55,036 38,004 123, 151 53,865 41,405 989 535 10,164 2,649 370 34 598 991 556 2,288 630 877 1,822 2,160 430 2,61» 20, 131 10,877 61,227 6,341 24, 193 46. 469 19,471 51, 767 33,022 55,501 8,366 137,592 149,212 289, 171 60,387 66. 470 90,566 396,341 181, 856 13,057 74, 749 195,698 133, 478 76, 942 69, 178 44,593 50, 408 36, 252 115, 154 50,274 36,236 1,081 480 10,979 2,643 607 366 34 605 993 627 2,288 608 814 1.665 r,.944 402 2,348 15,020 10, 862 57,057 6,206 22, 110 51,480 22, 692 55,282 38j5l2 63,023 10, 125 146, 250 176, 400 282, 150 56,112 66,825 96, OCO 338, .300- 129,062 10,800 67,320 114, 150 23, 424 74, 825 68,675 55, 360 63,000 41,800 163,200 52,250 47,025 882 493 6,300 1,572 476 340 34 448 952 598 1,815 694 967 1,792 2,041 430 2,755 18,682 10, 157 50,524 6,089 22,211 46, 959 20, 137 47, 884 31,564 53, 482 8,628 154,651 186,900 366,883 54,829 56,346 76,584 352, 236 200, 859 6,938 60, 509 164, 878 129, 700 92,543 80, 767 49, 107 51, 103 35, 131 120,286 75,412 48,439 533 268 6,409 1,838 457 254 29 362 800 542 1,745 as. 101 93 93 91 115 100 92 95 -89 90 88 95 92 102 104 103 93 81 79 78 11 68 72 82 62 65 70 79 91 93 101 93 83 85 77 90 85 105 71 79 115 80 Cts. 89 83 82 85 105 85 81 84 81 73 77 85 84 95 102 99 90 72 70 73 72 65 63 66 77 52 60 72 81 86 83 96 86 83 77 77 82 115 62 70 76 115 85 Cts. 82 80 80 81 95 84 78 82 78 78 80- 88 86 96 100 97 89 71 67 66 69 66 58 61 71 62 58 60 67 81 82 93 86 76 76 67 80 118 75 75 93 112 84 Cts. Cts. Cts. N. H Vt 105 107 113 R, I Conn N. Y N.J Pa 103 103 101 110 101 102 106 108 122 114 89 95 89 88 88 93 95 97 117 120 97 100 95 Del Md Va 93 94 99 W.Va N.C S.C Ga 104 108 119 125 Fla Ohio Ind Ill 102 97 97 101 97 102 90 93 98 92 89 ■ 90 98 98 120 86 83 84 85 8^ 79 78 81 76 74 72 75 92 95 104 92 94 90 89 Mich Wis Minn Iowa Mo 93 93 91 85 88 N. Dak.... S. Dak Nebr Kans Ky 88 85 80 83 95 Tenn Ala Miss La 98 113 107 Tex Okla Ark Mont Wyo •Colo N.Mex.... Ariz Utah Nev 87 87 87 83 84 81 105 160 75 92 74 80 81 90 84 75 82 66 70 73 77 108 66 90 66 69 75 92 96 85 92 81 91 86 97 109 81 113 Idaho Wash Oreg Cal "■■96" 81 77 67 74 85 86 80 83 90 91 72 77 81 96 U.S.. 71.7 79.4 2,598,417 2,634,214 2,446,988 2,708,334 81.5 75.4 71.2 93.3 77.1 87.7 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 23 Table 10. — Spring wheat and flaxseed: Condition, forecast, and price Sept. 1, 191Ji, with comparisons. Spring wheat. Flaxseed. State. Condition Sept. 1. Forecast from condition. Final estimates. Condition Sept. 1. Fore- cast from Sept. 1 condi- tion. 5-year aver- age, 1909- 1913, final esti- mates. Price, Sept. 1. 1914 10- year aver- age. Sept. 1. Aug.l. 1913 .5-year aver- age, 1909- 1913. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 1913 .5- ycar aver- age. Me P.ct. 95 9.5 81 56 75 P.ct. 95 90 84 80 85 77 27 1,684 40, 5S2 4,717 Bush.i 77 27 1,783 45,148 4,978 Bushy 76 24 1,916 67, 230 5,865 77 24 1,719 59,859 5,648 P.ct. P.ct. Bush.i Bush.i Cts. Cts. Cts. Vt Wis 87 79 83 62 76 75 80 69 85 . 83 85 •n 78 82 83 72 67 87 108 2,912 267 48 6,977 2,652 57 283 ' 2,' 659' 118 3,315 221 96 8,535 3,842 24 316 26 2,988 135 145 138 125 144 147 125 124 135 130 115 120 129 123 114 105 167 Minn Iowa Mo... . 171 163 134 N. Dak S.Dak Nebr Kams Okia 70 65 66 79 72 74 76 56 81,592 35, 853 3,916 921 88, 513 36,613 4, 130 822 78, 855 33,075 4,200 468 90, Z^\ 38, 768 3, 687 618 168 166 157 146 Mont Wyo Colo 77 80 91 95 86 91 95 86 87 82 88 93 86 84 89 95 97 89 80 82 9,249 1,320 7,204 750 10, 210 1,320 7,442 760 8, 3S5 1,250 5,460 570 5,618 1,019 5,266 477 2 48 1 853 55 120 130 166 87 63 40 N Mex Ariz Utah 1,8.56 795 5,237 22, 509 3,193 1,979 820 5,603 22, 546 3,349 1,820 713 5,600 20,900 3,412 568 4,483 22, 227 3,399 Wash U.S... 68.0 76.6 221,482 236,120 239,819 245,479 72.9 80.4 15,426 19,501 139.3 127.8 167.4 ' Thousands; 000 omitted. 2 Four years. 24 FARMERS BULLETIN 620. Table 11. — Oats and barley: Condition, forecast, and price, Sept. 1. 1914. zvith corns ' parisons. Me N.H Vt Mass R.I Conn N. Y N.J , Pa Del Md Va W. Va... N.C s.c Ga , Fla Otio Ind Ill Mich w;s M inn Iowa Mo N. Dak.. S. Dak... Nebr Kans Ky Tenn Ala.^.... Miss La Tex Okla Ark Mont Wyo Colo N. Mex. . Ariz Utah Nev Idaho Wash.... Oreg Cal U.S.. Barley. Condi- tion Sept. 1. P.C. 97 97 100 94 78 92 83 91 82 65 75 56 57 73 77 79 72 73 63 -H 03 P.C 94 92 92 91 86 80 69 84 68 82 82 83 55 72 96 75.8 Forecast from condition. 5,608 454 3,278 325 55 385 37, 288 2,195 31,939 94 1,090 2,674 1,756 3,694 7,347 8,115 648 51,259 40,098 122, 220 50, 813 64,832 84, 755 157, 629 23, 581 65,147 41,049 68,979 55, 690 2,858 5,657 6,943 2,984 1,038 25, 108 33, 103 I 5,445| 20,: 8, .533 1 13, 565 I 2,049 338 4, 330 491 14,502 14, 434 12,088 8,208 Bush.i 5,596 445 3,147 321 56 374 39,450 2,195 32, 061 89 1,008 2,621 1,602 3,594 7,291 7,912 648 51, 335 40,212 125,815 52, 389 77, 987 92, 340 159, 403 24, 868 71,070 41,595 67,063 56, 532 2,903 -5,580 6, 862 2,852 1,070 25,215 31,406 5,568 23, 320 8,533 13, 402 1,999 335 4,464 508 14, 824 14, 324 12, 667 8,389 1,115,5481,153,240 Price Sept. 1. Bush.i 5,029 430 2,869 284 57 342 39,681 1,990 34,464 119 1,285 3,839 2, 558 3,740 7,053 7,810 701 65,129 54,666 144,625 47,021 74, 644 96, 426 166, 676 29, 307 57,063 37, 027 54,828 39, 612 3,422 6,126 5,157 2,146 746 22,651 18, 467 4,569 18, 878 6,399 10,397 1,415 242 3,825 376 14,061 13, 493 12,906 6, 624 1,131,175 88 55 44 38 55 55 36 1 34 39 [ 40 41 40 43 55 42. 3 39. 3 Condi- Forecast tion from condi- Sept. 1. tion. Ssl rt 03 P.C. P.C 95! 92 92 89 97 92 40 44 41 51 51' 53 39 39' 45 45 47, 53 43 49 51 39.1 150 27 402 1,953 167 1,004 207 1,543 2,323 19, 352 32, 893 10, 161 114 26,832 20, 642 2,667 5,568 81 54 218 190 Bu.i 147 26 367 2,025 139 280 1,002 200 1,520 2,309 19, 752 33,623 10, 356 92 29,172 19, 426 2,689 5,314 78 52 t>>2 Bu.i 118 25 372 2,081 179 224 197 2,076 437 441 3,914 3,955 144 141 1,365 1,365 1,335 1,362 501 512 7^326 7,200 3,992 44,415 199, 575 7,194 4,255 44,415 202,660 664 242 1,603 2,216 21,351 34,044 12, 395 140 22, 700 17, 368 1,981 2,921 76 62 12' 156 1, 327 2,530 65 1,294 1,006 467 5,905 3,673 37,690 181,873 Price Sept. 1. 60 Cts. 79 90 92 52.5 <0 03 cts. 83 62 53 58 50 60 55; 62 66l 65 55. 2 59. 5 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 25 -Potatoes: Condition, forecast, and price Sept. 1, 1914, with comparisons. Potatoes. Sweet potatoes. State. Cond. Sept. 1. Forecast from condition. aT—i g a Price Sept. 1. Cond. Sept. 1. Forecast from condition. g C ^2S Price Aus- 15. o & en < J3 05 o > o> > U St < Me P.c. 99 97 95 97 98 98 90 S3 79 67 62 58 46 56 63 66 85 66 51 46 86 84 81 68 38 83 78 70 59 38 46 66 71 78 72 72 60 75 75 83 87 82 80 86 81 80 67 89 p.c. 85 82 82 80 80 78 76 76 76 76 77 83 82 82 79 83 84 74 71 72 77 80 81 75 72 82 83 74 67 81 83 84 81 79 71 68 77 86 86 81 77 82 89 94 90 84 85 88 30,413 2,638 3,681 3,798 784 3,293 40,627 10,080 25,406 899 3,173 6,640 2,583 1,680 668 744 1,216 12, 096 4,552 6,446 41,321 34,474 29, 724 12,495 3,471 6, 177 4,981 8,354 4,121 1,957 1,643 1,176 929 1,704 2,756 2 212 I'iii 4,856 1,511 9,387 1,101 98 3,192 1,775 5,288 8,496 4,924 10, 012 Bu.i 29,178 2,474 3,638 3,553 744 3,026 40, 076 9,539 23,295 909 3,264 7,079 2,040 1,624 670 781 1,216 11,945 4,360 6,634 38, 191 35, 568 30,841 13,406 3,915 6,190 4,960 8,658 4, 193 1,&19 1,505 1, 123 832 1,587 2,739 2,112 1,391 5,472 1,733 9,372 1,132 106 3,471 1,920 5,491 8,826 6,394 10,212 26, 077 2,298 3,414 2,922 600 2,437 36,288 8, 438 22, 653 946 3,383 8,137 3,889 2, 349 816 928 918 16, 193 7,222 9,921 35,273 31,625 25,885 13,227 6,034 4,797 Cts. 55 91 86 91 80 80 77 63 78 71 84 110 99 106 121 134 95 97 97 62 Cts. 58 85 83 91 81 87 92 70 81 72 71 76 90 71 140 114 124 96 90 90 63 cts. 63 82 87 89 90 92 89 73 83 78 73 78 90 78 12.3 113 128 91 87 85 70 62 61 88 91 71 84 92 98 83 81 110 111 91 111 112 98 84 121 99 129 138 67 114 63 66 67 77 p.c. P.C. Bu.i Bu.^ Lu.' Cts. CI.1. N.H Vt . . K.I Conn N.'f N. J.. 84 88 90 86 75 83 84 80 85 86 80 75 61 87 85 86 84 86 84 87 86 88 90 83 81 80 2, 864 118 052 991 2,767 212 7,214 4,339 6,849 2,010 102 98 610 2, 846 120 601 966 2,902 192 6,810 4,049 6,383 1,986 94 91 531 3,066 117 657 999 3,771 210 7,737 4,508 7,111 2,278 110 118 841 85 70 90 110 80 92 101 100 130 125 125 162 Pa 159 Del. 122 Md Va 87 W. Va N.C 124 84 S.C 94 f!a 100 94 Fla Ohio :.. 140 Ind 134 111.. 113 Mich Wis 63 45 Minn 51 90 105 67 41 89 97 ,54 75 59 84 77 186 425 190 435 196 639 155 135 186 113 N.Dak S.Dak 4,217 77j 72 7,231 8S! 85 4,148| 95; 90 4,000 ll'>' 90 Nebr ""75 82 81 82 78 86 85 73 80 78 77 84 86 88 87 89 72 75 79 175 130 100 90 100 85 84 105 105 95 ''16 Kans 450 790 1,616 5,683 4,204 5,000 4,641 539 1,642 472 665 1,343 4, 876 3,632 4,433 3,567 429 1,287 437 941 1,997 6,014 4,979 5,007 2,924 352 1,813 150 Ky 104 Tonn 2,691 1,245 801 1,4.57 2,691 1,604 1,919 4,215 1,094 8,161 644 97 107 82 140 109 1051 99 103l 81 94 Ala 87 Miss 84 I.a 80 Tex 113 108 112 90 109 92 97 iin 92 93 88 65 no 78 150 163 56 85 53 58 55 65 122 Okia 129 Ark 94 Mont Wvo Colo j N.Mex 77 91 140 165 245 Ariz Utah 2,722l 81 Nev 1,369 5,232 8,636 6,408 9,375 85 80 68 64 77 1 Idaho Wash 1 1 Orpg Cal 91 91 956 986 806 99 154 U.S 75.8 78.0 370,963 369,634 356,627 74.9 75.3 79.7 81.8 85.2 54,958 49,886 57,628 98.4 97.9 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 26 FARMEKS BULLETIN G20. Table 13. — Tobacco, rice, and buckwheat: Condition, forecast, and price, Sept. 1. 1914, with comparisons. Tobacco. Rice. Buckwheat. State. Condition Sept. 1. o Condition Sept. 1. H ©"3 iil Condition Sept. 1. "^ o o Price Sept. 1. 2 si C3 +.> • 03 1 a S o > —1 C3 C3 tin ■O 03 Me P.ct. P.cl. ifts.i i6«.i P.ct. p.ct Bu.i Bu.i P.ct. 94 90 92 94 P.ct 90 93 91 89 Bu.i 384 29 202 44 Bu.i 423 29 200 39 Cts. ' ' '86 Cts. 70 N.H 96 96 94 91 86 92 182 18? 11,788 163 164 9,524 \ 77 Vt 80 97 Mass ! R.I 1 Conn 99 85 92 85 37,996 5,748 28,337 4,997 i 93 89 92 88 82 84 67 81 84 90 S3 84 87 87 88 86 87 88 60 6,462 244 6,037 56 198 339 758 166 56 5,766 247 5,894 65 198 443 792 178 100 78 77 80 100 100 80 78 85 99 N. Y 76 N.J 84 Pa 92 86 50,246 57,351 70 Del Md 76 61 65 73 74 80 93 74 73 50 79 S3 79 79 81 88 87 79 81 84 13,680 87,840 6,599 133,042 31,657 1,368 3,799 70, 655 10,840 279 18,663 135,388 12,763 127,339 22,027 1,323 2,987 79,966 18,939 842 82 Va 77 W. Va.... :::::::: 78 N.C s.c 83 85 88 86 85 83 86 86 5 170 38 10 14 273 64 IS 86 Ga Fla Ohio 83 74 80 88 82 84 89 75 80 80 84 84 83 83 85 84 85 82 85 80 390 78 72 1,012 265 102 104 28 18 14 406 94 79 1,051 297 125 116 25 17 12 72 75 80 78 85 85 78 Indiana... 79 Ill 98 Mich 71 Wis 86 84 57,618 47,807 73 Minn 67 Iowa 92 Mo 57 78 2,804 5,578 93 Nebr 90 Kans Ky 69 67 75 78 81 87 286, 830 48,228 105 350,502 70, 426 1.53 Tenn 78 90 44 45 75 Ala 88 88 90 88 86 98 86 86 88 90 89 6 44 11,633 8,320 3,406 805 10 57 11, 775 9,006 2,730 293 Miss 1 1 La 92 65 80 83 79 79 380 107 470 218 159 471 ■■:""i Tex j Ark Cal U.S. 71.4 80.6 862, 473 996,087 88.9 88.7 24,437 24,016 87.1 85.4 17, 106 16,597, 79.8 74.0 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 2 Four years. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 14. — Ilay and clover seed: Yield, quality, and price of hay; acreage and condition of clover seed, Sept. 1, 1914. Hay (all tame) . Clover for seed. .1 Yield per acre. Production. Quality. Price Sept 1. a Condition Sept. 1. Si 1 State. S3 . ? g u be •^6 5 , ^' -H ^fe t^ir CJ 6>^ 05.8 05 >~,'^ A* =r» < A '^ '^ """ i-<^ '"' '"' « Tons Tom Tons? Tom.^ Tons.^ P.O. P.c. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. p.c. P.c. P c. p.c. Me 1.15 1.12 1,414 1,194 1,299 90 9b 13.70 14.70 14.02 100 93 93 97 N. H 1.15 1.11 598 495 538 94 95 18.60 16.30 15.76 100 90 95 99 Vt 1.20 1.32 1,188 1,280 1,310 95 9b 15.90 13.70 13.06 100 85 92 85 Mass 1.32 1.23 634 575 582 91 94 19.00 20.10 20.28 90 8.5 95 93 R.I 1.17 1.25 1.20 1.17 1.17 1.22 68 469 5,584 68 432 5,358 67 441 5,498 88 86 88 96 94 90 21.00 21.50 14.90 22.50 18.50 14.00 22.40 20.52 14.80 90 Conn 90 83 92 N. Y 75 73 82 N.J 1.35 1.34 487 469 472 85 91 19.20 18.00 17.90 100 90 81 85 Penn 1.30 1.35 4,083 4,146 3,840 91 9C 14.40 13.70 14. 98 115 84 77 88 Del 1.17 1.3V 84 94 88 87 88 15.00 15.00 14.54 100 87 85 70 Md 1.16 1.30 452 491 453 86 87 15. 30 12.20 15.64 115 84 79 76 Va .72 1.22 459 952 793 79 87 17.10 14.00 15.56 85 70 84 52 W. Va.... .86 1.30 599 925 770 82 86 17.60 14.20 15.20 95 78 86 60 N.C 1.15 1.44 353 419 375 84 88 18.00 15. 50 15.90 95 82 88 70 s.c 1.15 1.30 242 244 219 87 87 18.00 17.80 17.46 95 90 88 85 Ga 1.50 1.50 368 350 293 90 88 17.30 18.00 17.74 90 88 87 80 Fla 1.35 1.13 1.36 1.36 61 3,178 63 3,848 52 3,838 92 91 87 90 18.70 14. .50 17.00 11.10 16.82 12.76 Ohio 80 78 75 74 Ind 1.00 1.28 1,764 1,800 2.194 88 8^ 14.70 12.40 12.44 70 74 78 65 Ill .85 1.25 1,806 2,450 3,168 87 91 14. 80 13.30 12.76 60 70 81 54 Mich 1.28 1.28 3,011 2,520 3,004 93 92 12.20 12.60 13.12 90 84 77 85 Wis 1.75 1.48 4,364 3,848 3, .301 95 93 9.40 10.10 12.84 99 88 84 96 Mimi 1.89 1..54 3,294 2,490 2,265 9« 92 6.30 6.50 8.04 105 91 84 93 Iowa 1.34 1.41 3, 899 4,440 4,511 96 95 10. 30 9.00 9.32 95 86 82 79 Mo .70 1.14 1,848 1,800 3,115 V9 88 14.10 13.20 10.60 65 63 SO 44 N. Dak... 1.45 1.27 528 388 403 94 91 5.00 ,5.20 5.96 108 90 90 91 a. Dak.... 1.70 1.29 821 552 514 96 92 5.80 5.90 6.64 110 92 90 92 Nebr \.m 1.40 2, 133 1,675 1,591 93 93 7.10 7.50 7.86 100 SO 85 89 Kans 1.51 1.30 2,492 1,3.50 1,988 88 90 8.40 12.70 8.56 73 75 83 66 Ky .95 1.25 699 674 919 83 86 17.40 15.90 14.26 80 55 84 66 Tenn 1.20 1.42 907 1,089 1,117 85 86 18.60 15.70 14.56 86 75 84 66 Ala 1.31 1..59 262 286 268 86 88 14.80 14. .50 13.66 130 90 89 78 MLss 1.45 1.57 281 293 275 83 87 12.70 12.10 11.58 110 88 85 8.1 La 2. 05 1.74 332 240 235 89 m 12. 50 12. 60 12.06 103 90 90 Tex 1.75 1.13 1.41 1.18 735 493 464 382 444 388 89 81 86 87 9.80 8.90 11.00 10.40 10.80 7.96 78 Okla 05 76 80 Ark 1.15 1.40 3.50 384 363 85 87 12.90 12.00 11.30 95 85 86 94 70 Mont 2.00 1..S0 1,372 1,188 1,109 94 94 7.80 8.40 9.80 120 95 93 AVvo 2. 30 2. 18 1,104 912 819 100 97 9.20 7.50 9.16 112 100 96 95 Colo 2.40 2.29 2,328 1,824 1,707 95 91 8.40 8.40 9.58 100 95 89 100 N. Mex... 2.50 3.20 2.75 2.35 3.27 2.89 510 454 1,116 399 540 909 387 350 943 92 93 96 90 92 95 10.30 12.50 8.00 13.00 11.50 8.50 11.32 10.78 8.30 100 Ariz Utah 90 97 95 98 Nev 3.25 2.65 2.57 2.94 803 1,868 646 2,044 587 1,879 98 96 96 96 10.30 6.50 9.00 6.90 9.64 7.66 99 Idaho 125 88 94 86 Wash 2.20 •2.27 1,751 1,794 1,620 97 94 9.70 10.20 11.90 105 97 96 90 Oreg 2.00 2.11 1,716 1,732 1,578 97 95 9.00 8.40 9.46 106 63 89 90 Cal 1. 95 1.42 1.77 5,242 68,604 3,600 4,017 90 94 7.20 13. 30 10.74 98 97 95 97 U.S.. 1.40 64, 116 65,987 92.1 91.7 11.91 11.89 12.04 80.9 77.3 80.1 74.4 1 Production compared with a full crop. 2 Thousands; 000 omitted. 28 FAEMEES" BULLETIN 620. Table 15. — Grass crops and stock hogs: Condition Sept. 1, 1914, tvith compcrisons. Alfalfa. Dluegrass seed. Millet. Kafir corn. Canadian peas. Cowpeas. Stock ho.:;s. States. Prodiietion.i Condition Sept . 1. .3" 'a oi 1° Condition Sept. 1. a> C3 m C5 tai rt^ G5 01 CO »3 P.c. P.c. P.C. p.c. P.C. 92 97 95 94 93 94 93 93 93 78 78 71 83 85 83 87 P.C. 89 88 88 88 P.C. P.O. P.C. 95 P.C. 92 P.C. P.C. P.C. 98 96 98 95 97 95 98 100 103 102 105 105 102 105 107 102 105 99 100 100 105 100 92 95 100 120 96 95 95 100 105 104 105 100 110 105 105 135 125 110 112 100 105 100 110 1Q5 110 102 100.8 P.C. 99 99 99 98 99 98 98 97 97 95 96 95 97 94 96 95 93 96 94 92 97 97 89 92 92 94 91 87 93 93 93 93 94 89 92 93 88 99 98 98 98 92 99 99 98 99 99 96 93.4 P.C. 98 100 98 99 99 99 99 95 97 93 93 95 94 94 90 93 90 95 91 90 96 96 90 71 90 98 SS 87 94 93 89 92 91 88 95 93 87 99 100 98 95 95 100 98 96 99 99 95 P.C. 99 99 95 92 88 99 Massachusetts 98 99 87 82 84 87 100 New York 96 96 90 90 S7 75 83 80 SI 90 90 88 92 86 88 87 86 90 86 89 90 90 94 85 70 83 77 69 88 84 ""so 80 '"78 81 83 """96 92 87 84 75 84 81 83 90 88 82 76 63 81 79 80 85 66 82 89 87 87 86 85 85 83 83 SO 87 88 84 82 82 85 88 87 80 76 85 82 79 85 86 84 84 84 77 77 81 98 97 98 Delaware 96 83 84 83 86 82 86 96 76 93 '"87 96 We.st Virsinia 97 North Carol ma 94 93 66 94 91 Ohio 85 85 85 98 98 1-10 97 76 115 140 90 85 74 80 85 77 SO 90 75 90 105 101 107 99 97 95 102 95 96 88 98 88 88 89 87 89 89 90 86 89 87 84 81 85 87 84 82 85 78 78 85 96 95 89 90 94 91 98 96 95 94 95 100 70 60 '"98 98 87 65 86 80 84 79 80 84 82 77 79 69 58 90 90 93 86 61 90 86 84 88 77 82 80 84 85 86 72 76 98 60 90 94 82 110 87 85 83 84 86 88 87 78 80 84 81 71 82 85 86 85 85 65 65 88 84 90 85 05 92 98 50 79 76 70 82 78 75 80 75 75 86 92 101 94 84 84 84 79 82 85 88 79 96 94 50 78 95 Michisan 96 Wisconsin 87 97 96 92 80 78 94 North Dakota 98 South Dakota 95 Nebraska 86 83 81 76 95 80 90 95 76 77 "'si "'so ""92 75 83 84 89 83 79 89 77 75 95 Kentucky 94 r3 Alabama 93 Mississippi 92 92 Texas 73 73 80 87 87 79 76 98 94 92 75 86 78 78 79 95 Oklahoma 95 00 88 93 99 93 96 102 77 92 92 7(i 98 91 90 97 90 78 82 92 99 New Mexico 97 98 Utah 100 100 Nevada ion 95 98 94 85 88 80 92 91 90 87 "'S7 " ' '95 92 91 92 89 99 Washington 99 87 99 California 96 89 OS U. S 93.8 89.2 82.1 79.4 84.5 78.8 89.8 94.6 1 Production compared with, a full crop. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 Table 16. — Apples: Forecast and price Sept. 1, 1914, with comparisons. State. Forecast from con- dition. Sept. 1, 1914. AuR. 1, 1914. Final estimates. Price to producers, per bushel. AufT. 15. 1914 1913 1912 Sept. 15. 1913 1912 Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts. .. Rhode Island Connecticut . . New York New Jersey. .. Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia... Ohio Indiana. . . Illinois. . . Michigan. Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri South Dakota. Nebraska. . Kansas Kentucky- . Tennessee . Alabama . . Mississippi. Louisiana . . Texas Oklahoma.. Arkansas.. Montana . . Wyoming. Colorado . . New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. Oregon California Bushels. 6,300 1,800 2,600 3,500 300 1,900 42,300 2,900 20, 600 400 3,300 12, 300 10,600 7, 600 700 1,700 11,700 4,000 3,600 14,600 2,300 .-H CO 02 c3 05 ^6 00 03 o> 03 be, 00 tS }j 03 ^6 00 CJ Maine P.c. 83 78 75 86 77 75 73 86 80 81 81 78 87 81 73 75 P.c. 62 62 63 63 64 66 54 59 57 61 61 54 52 57 53 54 p.c. p.c. p.c. P.C. P.C. 85 75 85 96 93 90 P.C. "'82 86 80 81 P.c. 80 65 70 80 80 73 57 83 77 50 75 63 66 70 72 74 67 65 56 55 79 71 p.c. 79 82 79 80 84 83 72 66 P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. 87 87 P.C. 78 77 P.c. 92 88 91 94 94 94 91 84 89 78 79 74 83 81 74 81 77 84 75 60 91 p.c. 88 New Hampshire 5 74 82 85 87 Vermont 76 80 85 81 78 80 78 80 75 76 73 75 72 75 75 77 80 80 80 79 78 89 88 20 45 43 20 95 67 76 86 69 77 81 87 89 75 57 61 65 43 55 58 67 60 59 50 43 52 47 45 55 57 62 66 42 48 42 54 85 88 87 87 88 90 90 89 82 83 87 88 83 80 83 78 83 90 89 90 86 87 91 89 86 78 70 77 65 61 66 68 78 80 82 83 85 80 88 78 80 83 87 88 90 84 78 80 84 80 86 68 82 77 69 88 86 86 82 95 76 85 Rhode Island SO 84- 81 87i 80 85: 81 98 85 95 84 78 85 85 76 85 Connecticut. 88 New York 89 81 95 83 90 77 95 81 94! 77 90^ 76 36' 69 91' 79 84 New Jersey 83 67 86' 76 83 Delaware . . 55 62 53 50 54 59 58 57 61 58 47 68 62 90 82 80 81 85 86 93 74 81 75 66 89 83 SO 83 72 75 84 80 80 88 88 91 92 83 81 79 83 '"so 93 93 88 97 100 78 86 84 95 81.8 78 75 74 70 77 74 82 82 73 79 79 80 81 75 81 70 70 78 71 71 75 78 80 79 80 77 73 78 80 "85 80 91 89 90 86 85 89 77.3 78 Maryland 78 Virginia 81 West Virginia 82 North Carolina. . 83 South Carolina 87 90 77 79 81 85 Florida 82 Ohio 60 39 28 72 49 42 18 47 44 48 42 54 61 70 52 47 93 87 80 92 88 80 84 76 76 79 78 80 82 81 86 72 84 Tnriiana. 77 80 Illinois 83 Minhifftn 85 90 80 75 78 84 88 86 Minnesota 89! 84 Iowa 59 63 30 39 77 78 80 55 59 40 41 82 83 70 70 58' 75 North Dakota 75 80 80 82 85 84 84 84 78 76 South Dakota 50 35 42 64 74 67 60 47 62 53 67 77 70 56 46 52 51 52 52 55 59 58 55 82 76 67 67 75 76 72 78 79 76 78 53.6 84 72 63 88 82 85 82 76 72 68 77 70 75 73 1 77 71 69 75 75 73 86! 78 Nebraska 32 51 90 88 77 72 45 23 10 60 37 40 49 48 56 56 61 58 58 60 74 77 85 91 86 81 70 80 70 85 56 60 69 60 62 66 70 80 62 76 59 62 73 62 66 68 70 53 35 60 50 40 52 48 58 57 66 61 52 48 79 78. 73 65 76 78 68 Kentucky. . 85 Tennessee 85 Alabama. . 84 Mississippi 74 1 83 Louisiana 85! 78 81 i 79 801 76 76' 72 80: 77 71' 81 Texas 73 61 82 73 68 71 72 73 Oklahoma 54 66 Arkaniias . 72 77 ""83 93 90 90 95 100 85 83 82 97 77 76i 79 Wyoming 98 82 Colorado 75 86 80 99 65 79 80 75 86 61.9 82 76 85 100 90 80 81 88 94 63.0 49 54 71 69 57 63 73 70 74 54.3 90 90 93 98 90 95 93 95 95 83.7 92 78 94 94 95 94 92 94 89 74.0 95 88 87 97 96 81 90 90 90 88.9 77 74 85 86 86 88 90 88 82.5 89 80 82 85 62 77 81 79 84 67.4 56 70 82 68 59 76 81 79 81 64.2 85 78 92 88 83 89 85 86 qo 95' 82 New Mexico 89 87 96 100 74 80 77 91 78.5 74 Arizona 86 Utah 92 Nevada 82 Idaho . 84 Washington. . . 81 Oregon 84 California... 89 ITnited States 83. 7,77. 4 88.8 77.0 80.5 Production compared with a full crop. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 31 Table 18. — Vegetables and miscellmieous: Condition, Sept. 1, 1914, 'with comparisons. Cab- bages. Onions. Beans (dry). Lima beans. Broom com. Sugar cane. Sor- ghum. Sugar beets. Hops. Pea- nuts. state. CO 00 cS X C3 05 !>>a; 00 S ® C3 I- 03 c. 1 > 30 Cj 21 t>)fe 1 > 00 03 01 2^. 01 00 03 P.c. 91 92 90 93 96 95 85 90 88 80 76 63 78 p.c. 88 84 88 84 83 80 80 82 81 82 77 80 89 P.C. 89 90 83 96 90 91 89 84 86 87 82 70 76 78 70 78 P.C. 87 84 89 81 81 82 83 84 86 84 84 88 88 88 86 86 P.C. 92 91 93 93 95 92 85 86 89 90 87 65 83 75 68 84 P.c. 87 87 87 84 80 84 84 84 83 81 80 84 84 80 84 p.c. 92 85 100 93 94 92 88 86 92 91 84 73 80 77 75 83 P.C. 88 84 89 80 83 82 82 84 83 81 80 82 81 84 81 84 P.C. P.C. P.c. P.c. P.C. P.C. P.C. P.C. P.C. P.c. P.C. P.C. N. Hampshire. 83 70 79 Pennsylvania . . Viiginia West Virginia. . 70 81 79 83 S3 SO 87 84 82 72 58 61 85 92 82 61 84 83 85 84 86 84 85 83 81 84 86 87 85 80 85 81 69 80 66 79 70 82 83 86 87 83 82 88 90 83 Soutli Carolina. 86 85 8? Georgia Florida 87 82 88 SS Ohio 8.5 80 74 61 90 88 86 78 64 83 80 76 78 76 78 78 77 81 79 75 76 86 93 92 93 91 86 84 83 83 &i 85 83 79 80 81 76 75 88 89 86 85 84 80 74 84 91 86 89 84 88 81 70 51 82 90 88 80 52 90 75 78 68 68 74 76 '"96 82 65 70 82 84 78 78 82 86 86 82 72 80 82 78 72 81 82 83 81 81 75 66 74 q? 83 69 56 84 92 93 80 55 85 78 78 71 68 72 78 68 83 82 60 85 79 79 79 84 84 82 71 82 76 75 81 85 80 92 92 90 89 87 86 Indiana . . 62 78 49 77 89 83 86 82 m 82 68j 78 45 68 801 78 78 77 78 85 87 88 88 Michigan 93 87 Minnesota 77 62 86 76 Missouri North Dakota.. South Dakota.. 87 85 86 80 82 86 83 86 92 75 80 NebrasJca 68 57 64 70 72 65 68 65 47 58 86 85 92 92 90 95 94 83 83 75 91 78.4 69 65 79 82 80 77 76 68 58 72 90 89 87 81 87 90 90 90 84 89 90 80.7 78 71 80 83 85 82 81 73 64 87 83 73 81 "'67 80 7'' 82 80 82 85 84 82 8S 78 80 82 90 90 86 80 Kentucky Tennessee 82 82 81 86 84 86 87 84 73 82 8? Alabama 83 80 81 83 86 87 91 81 86 Mississippi 85 L/OuLsiana 89 Texas 88 77 75 76 71 84 79 Oklahoma 7"^ Arkansas 68 73 79 82 80 Montana 90 89 96 95 95 "'99 98 96 87 87 92 92.5 94 95 92 Wyoming Colorado 92 92 85 97 92 90 95 ] 95 95 90 95 95 82 86 81 83 90 87 67 90 94 80 95 95 96 95 83 80 90 92 New Mexico 75 71 Arizona 87 96 W Utah 96 94 93 Nevada 96 86 88 88 93 81.9 93 94 89 91 92 84.4 Idaho 91 84 "82 95 81.2 87 88 92 90 S.3.8 92 91 92 91 89. S Washington 84! 88 88 78 90 77.8 92 90 91 87.9 Oregon 81 91 84.5 90 88 83.6 Calif omia 95 85.5 91 U.S 78.1 75.0 81.8 89.1 79.7 82.2 85. 3 32 farmers' bulletin 620. PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. Table 19. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. State. Maine N. Hampshire.. Vermont Massachusetts.. Rhode Island... Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . NorthCarolina. South Carolina. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota.. South Dakota.. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico...". Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States Aug. 15, 1914. Hogs. Dol- lars. 8.10 9.00 8.10 10.50 9.30 11.30 8.70 8.30 8.90 9.10 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.40 7.80 8.20 7.10 8.00 8.90 8.80 8.40 8.30 8.00 8.50 8.20 7.10 7.80 7.20 8.40 8.00 7.70 7.20 6.70 6.80 7.40 7.90 6.40 7.50 8.50 8.10 7.20 7.90 7.30 8.30 7.70 7.90 7.90 8.20 8.11 o be Dol lars 7. (iO 8. 22 7. IS 8.43 8.38 9.00 7.50 8.38 7.92 7.50 7.98 7.12 7.40 7.42 7.38 6. 98 6. 35 7.88 7.85 7.60 7.58 7.30 7.18 7.50 7.38 6.62 7.00 7.18 7. 35 7.32 6.90 6.90 6.68 6.10 6.85 Beef enttle. Dol lars. 7.50 8.00 5.80 8.00 9.60 0.50 8.00 7.70 6.20 7.00 6.50 6.70 5.40 4.80 4.70 5.40 7.30 7.20 7.50 6.60 6.40 6.10 7.80 6.90 6.20 6.90 7.60 7.40 6.30 5.90 4.50 4.50 6.00 5.60 7. 18 5. 80 6.12 4.90 7.52 6.50 7.32 7.80 7.42 6.50 7.45 7. 63 7.12 8.17 7.42 8.12 8.02 7.20 7.30 C3 tuo © 03 Dol- lars. 7.15 6.80 5.17 6.67 8.3 5.42 6.33 6.15 5.60 5.78 4 5.10 4.20 3.78 4.02 4.98 5.82 5.58 5. 5.12 4.60 4.45 6.02 5.62 Sheep Dol- lars. 5.10 7.00 4.10 4.25 8.50 4.50 5.00 5.60 5.50 5.50 4.50 4.50 4.70 5.70 4.20 5.90 4.50 4.10 4.50 4.70 4. 4.90 5.10 4.10 4.35 5.10 5.10 5.20 5.62 5.70 5.52 5.20 4. 85 3. 80 4.18 3.35 3 48 4.12 4.32 4.40 3.70 5.93 5.12 5.22 3 90 4.70 4.00 5. SO 4.60 4.60 3.60 5.10 5.80 5.50 C3 b/i Dol- lars. 4.42 5. 83 3.62 6.10 6.60 6.10 6.40 6.47 5.22i 4.40 5.58 5.10 5.60 4.50 5.62 5.10 5.08 4.87 7.00 4.25 4.67 5.55 4.30 4.53 3.80 3.85 4.38 4.60 4.25 5.33 3. 65 3. 58 3.82 4.25 3.90 3.90 4.00 3.75 Milch cows. Dol- lars. (iO. 00 60.00 58. 00 80.00 76. 00 72.00 65. 40 76.50 03.80 53. 00 55.00 48. 90 54. 00 39. 50 42.00 Dol- lars. 49.78 54.48 47.30 52.25 68.12 62.97 54.50 61.25 50.42 45.20 40. 6 37.08 41.45 33.48 38.35 39. 30 32. 70 46. 00 40. 35 63. 00 49. 68 5.5.60 46.20 62. 50 50. 05 61.00 46.15 74.90 49.28 63.40 43.85 04. SO 49.62 58.00 45.65 4.48 65.50 46.50 4. 18 66. 60 4. 35 70. 00 4. 32 62. 80 3. 50 49. 00 3 52 3.82 3.32 4.18 4.22 4.35 3.55 4.43 4.80 4.68 6.40 5.20 5.40 4.37 6.20 5.07 3.80 4.13 6.00 5.10 5.40 5.02 6.10 6.50 5.20 4.17 4.18 4.58 4.42 4.50 4.31 40. 10 39.20 40.20 40.00 57.00 55.00 42.10 80.00 83. 00 70.00 59. 50 94.00 68.20 80.00 78.00 80.00 68. 00 70.00 60.72 46.30 48.50 46. 39.20 36.65 31 05 31.10 33.10 42.80 42. 45 30.88 57.25 58.12 54.30 50. 32 60.00 46.82 69.50 56.32 62.82 54.28 54. 02 46.48 Horses. Dol- lars. 200 170 170 250 250 200 172 170 180 130 137 146 146 155 173 ICO 145 158 141 142 1 172 155 149 115 136 124 130 118 121 137 138 125 110 92 122 92 105 65 101 120 140 110 123 135. 21 c3 bo < > T 03 Dol- lars. 201 180 164 210 230 211 180 174 173 140 150 139 140 149 176 156 146 166 151 154 173 172 162 164 126 14 135 131 128 131 145 138 121 96 94 107 111 141 94 120 82 112 115 135 142 150 121 145 Sept. 1, 1914. Butter. 142.69 25.3 Cts. 30 31 30 34 33 33 29 32 28 26 25 23 23 23 25 24 31 24 Eggs. Chickens. Cts. 30 32 27 38 34 33 29 31 26 25 23 21 21 20 20 20 25 22 20 19 22 21 21 20 17 19 18 17 17 16 16 18 17 19 17 16 16 26 25 26 29 31 22 37 22 29 27 29 ... ® c6 bo 4C c3 Ct-l. 28 30 27 34 36 Cts. 14.4 16.0 14.3 19.5 17.0 18.0 16.2 18.7 15.7 15.0 16.0 14.8 14.1 13.3 12.8 13.9 17.5 13.3 12.3 12.3 13.0 12.7 11.4 11.8 11.6 11.6 10.2 11.0 10.1 12.0 11.8 13.2 12.9 14.0 10.7 10.1 11.0 13.2 10.6 14.0 14.0 19.4 13.1 22.0 12.0 13.8 13.7 16.0 12.7 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 Table 20. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Product. IIoRs per 100 lbs.. Beef cattle do Veal calves do Sheep do Lambs do Milch cows. per head.. Horses do noney, comb. per lb. , W 6 1, unwashed, per lb Peamits per lb. Apples per bu. Peaches do Pears do Beans do... Sweet potatoes. do. . . Tomatoes do... Onions do. . . Cabbages, per 100 lbs. Clover seed.. per bu. Timothy seed. .do. .. Alfalfa seed do... Broom corn. per ton. Cotton seed do... Hops per lb. Paid by farmers: Clover seed, per bu T imo tliy seed, per hu.". .A.lfalfa seed, per bu Bran ...per ton. Aug. 15. Sept. 15. $8.11 6.47 8.08 4.87 6.26 60. 72 135. 00 . 1.35 .187 .049 .69 1.05 .99 2.54 .92 1.38 1.74 8.76 2.43 0.81 91.00 20.16 .200 10.39 3.17 7.79 27.24 $7.79 5.91 7.53 4.32 5.50 54. 78 141.00 .138 .158 .049 1.26 1.10 2.11 .99 .96 1.05 2.15 9.37 2.01 7.96 91.00 20.24 11.94 2.76 10.06 25.10 S7.ll 5.37 6.62 4.26 5.60 46.11 142.00 .137 .188 .050 .68 1.08 1.06 2.40 1.02 1.00 1.88 9.80 3.20 8.58 83.00 18.02 .188 11.78 3.89 10.07 27.41 $6. 54 4.39 5.93 3.98 5.25 42.26 141.00 .136 .160 .053 .73 1.38 1.18 2.20 1.07 1.16 2.47 9.65 6.52 72.00 20.45 .365 $7.78 4.64 6.29 4.68 5.70 42.77 148.00 .135 .195 .045 .74 1.11 2.27 .83 1.00 1.89 7.53 25. 19 $7.68 5.92 7.73 4. 23 5.51 $7.47 5.35 6.83 4.11 5.49 55. 78 46. 79 141.00 141.00 . 138 . 135 .158 .049 .76 1..36 1.19 2.08 .90 .68 1.04 1.79 7.31 2.13 7.42 106. 00 21.07 .209 .187 .048 .62 1. 10 1.00 2. .38 .89 .59 .89 1.25 9.39 2.09 9.02 77.00 17.61 .198 10.22 2.84 8.96 26.59 11. CI 3. Of. 10.52 26.82 July 15 $7.72 6.38 7.80 4.75 6.55 59.67 137.00 . 135 .185 .052 .91 1.20 2.22 .94 1.67 1.70 2.66 8.12 2.32 6.92 88.00 22.78 .147 9.79 2.99 8.29 26.36 $7.81 5.98 7.46 4.20 6.05 54.80 143.00 .139 .159 .051 .86 1..30 2.22 .89 1.61 1.02 2.64 9.78 1.94 8.20 57. 00 21.37 .148 12. 12 2.57 9.41 24. 05 $3.64 5.17 6.33 4.21 5.74 45.41 142.00 .139 .189 .049 .82 1.12 2.47 1.13 1.27 1.14 2.29 10.64 5.96 8.32 85. 00 19.04 12.82 6.59 10.07 28.41 Table 21. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. Products and markets. Sept. 1,1914. July, 1914. Aug., 1913. Aug., 1912. V/heat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St Louis No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter. New York i Corn per bushel: No. 2 mi.xed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mixed, New York i Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago llye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, Chicago TTops per pound: Choice, New York.. Wool per poimd: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston Best tub washed, St. Louis Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per pound : Creamery , extra, New York Creamery , extra, E Igin I'ggs per dozen: Average best fresh. New York Average best fresh, St. Louis Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York . 10 -$1. .12-1. .19-1. .79 - . .79i- . . 50 -15. .35 - . .25 - .32 - 9. 05 - 9. 45 .28"- .37 .211 ;0. 80 -$1. 14 . 85 J- 1. 16 .95-1. 22 .77J- .87 . 74 - .86 . 82 - . 93J .34 - .50 .33^- .483 .67 - 1.01 .5. 00 -18. 50 . 35 - .37 . 25 - . 25 . 32 - .33 7. 90 - 9. 90 . 28^ . 32 . 28 - . 30? . 76 -$0. 91 .771- .9.5J, .88.i- 1.02i 0. 84J-$0. 92| . 84 - . 90.V 941.- .97" .69i- .78i .68|- .78i . 35 - . 38J .34|- .39-1 . 55 - .72 14. 50 -18. 00 35 - .38 . 44 - .39 .m%- .42| .61'- .70i 16. 50 -19. 00 . 19 - .20 .25 .33 .20 .29 .21 .30 8. 50 - 9. 50 .26f- .26 - .29J .28 . 24 - . 31 . 18 - .19 7. 75 - 9. 00 . 26?,- . 30 . 20 - . 27i . 27 - .36 .14 - .17 . 16 - . 16i .151 98 -$1. 12 00 - 1.07| 07 - 1.10 .71^ .73i- .811- .291- .31 - .68 - .801 .83 .83 .301 .35 .75* . 00 -22. 00 . 23 - .30 7. 50 - 8. 65 .26 - .25 - .27i .25" .32 .19J .lOi 1 F. o. b. afloat. . . , , , 2 September colored— September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, mclusive; colored Angus : 34 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN G20. Table 22. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cen t condition on Oct. 1 in each State. State. Corn. Buck- wheat. Pota- toes. Sweet pota- toes. Tobac- co. Flax. Rice. Cotton. Bush. 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 44.0 51.0 46 44.2 49.4 39.0 42.5 30.6 37.4 22.4 22.0 17.5 16.0 46.0 45.0 44.0 41.5 42.5 40.0 44.0 38. 32.0 34.0 35.5 32.0 34.2 31.0 20.2 22.5 25.5 28.5 31.5 26.5 34.0 28.5 26.0 31.5 36.5 35.0 35.0 34.5 33. 5 32.0 41.0 Bush. 34.5 32.0 28.0 23.5 22.0 27.5 27.0 2.5.2 23.0 22.0 2.3.0 27.0 22.0 "'24.'5" 21.5 22.5 20.4 19.5 20.5 20.0 19.5 '"'22.' 5' 18.0 19.3 Bush. 240 162 160 150 162 142 126 132 122 123 122 111 118 100 107 94 110 118 120 116 137 140 134 130 107 125 104 105 101 io-> 98 100 110 92 02 100 102 175 160 •160 125 120 194 172 197 185 150 150 Bush. Lbs. Bush. Bush. Lbs. 1,S.50 1,8.50 1,850 Rhode Island 15.5 1,850 1,470 New York 137 148 146 121 129 115 114 105 124 131 1.32 126 1,600 1 Delaware 870 900 900 820 940 900 930 1,080 1,040 930 310 North Carolina ■■■Z 31.8 30.5 33.0 30.0 330 310 264 Florida . . 170 Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan ... 1,.470 15.5 12.0 12.4 9.6 11.1 10.5 10.1 9.2 Iowa r27 125 "i,'i66" 390 North Dakota > South Dakota 120 127 112 109 112 114 104 110 128 119 "'i.'oso' 920 700 Kansas . Kentucky Tennes.see 275 Alabama 34.5 36.5 38.0 39.5 "'"43."6' 255 295 Louisiana 590 820 826' 13.0 ""ii'i" 290 255 m 280 Arkansas 281 Montana Wyommg Colorado 9.5 New Mexico 185 155 Arizona Utah Idaho California 180 54.0 35.0 25.6 132.4 116.5 1,004 11.3 39.2 279.9 THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 35 3& FAKMEKS BULLETIN 620. ?5 < w O H fe ^ ^ w pk O w 2;" £2 2 H 2 o H O J s^ < W g 3^ < ^ ■ w ^ Q w P^ S a ^ <3 53 500 h o fe oj (1) ^ - H 5 5 O j3 O >, m g 0, ' ^-Q _ .2 ^ O 00 52 S "* >, a j3 i^ ti j .2 ^ -« -O 5 Cj o >, u 43 K S"0 W a -s h -^ rt &"i .9 'O ^ IT3 o 9 ^ si's •^ ^^ P 5 o 's t « .2 Ti ■*- < 60 iT a> Cii c^ o "^ 5^5 'O _2 t* ^ - j3 2 m £; (► S THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 37 38 EARMEEy BULLETIiS" 620. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 39 WASHINGTON' : GOVERN'MENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1914 U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. October 16, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. General review of crop conditions, October 1, 1914 The wheat crop of 191.J-14 Wheat supplies and requirements The "world " wheat crop in 191 1 Disposition of feed crops The cotton crop The British Indian cotton area m 1915 Sugar-beet forecast Florida and California crop report Citrus fruit prospects in Spain, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, and the United States, 1914-15 12 Trend of prices of farm products 14 Crops of Canada in 1914 14 Ta -Ting pains 15 Condition, production, forecast, and prices of specified crops (tables) 19 Prices of farm products (tables) 28 Crop conditions October 1, 1914 (chart) -31 Temperature and precipitation (charts) 32 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF THE NOVEMBER CROP REPORTS. On Monday, November 9, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), the Bureau of Crop Estimate?, LTnitecl States Department of Agriculture, will issue a crop summary which will give the following inform.ation: The production and quality of corn, buckwheat, potatoes, tobacco, flaxseed; the' percentage of the 1913 corn crop on farms N.ovember 1, 1914; the average weight per measured bushel of the wheat, oats, and barley crops of this year; production of apples, based upon estimates in percentage of a full crop, and quality of the same. A general review of crop conditions on November 1 will be given, which will include the following items: The production, compared -ndth a full crop, of clover seed, grapes, pears, cranberries, peanuts, kafir corn, cowpeas; average }-ield of sirup per acre of sorghum ; condition on November 1, or at time of harvest, of sugar cane and sugar beets. No report on cotton will be issued in November. GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS OCTOBER 1, 1914. The month of September was, on the whole, favorabh^ for maturmg and harvesting crops in the United States, as a result of which the expectation of pelds increased 1.4 per cent; on October 1 (or at time of harvest) the com.posite condition of all crops was 99.3 per cent of average conditions, indicating 6.4 per cent better yields than last year, when production was below average. The m.ost marked improvement durmg the month was made in tobacco, potatoes, and corn. The production of oats was slightly above earlier expectations, and about an average total production; 64991°— Bull. 629—14 1 FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. spring wheat production, however, fell moderately short of early expectations and materially short of the average. The total wheat production comes within 8,000,000 bushels of reaching 900,000,000 bushels. Last year's crop of 763,000,000 bushels was the record production to that time. The October 1 forecast of the corn crop was higher than the September 1 forecast by 78,000,000 bushels. The conditions on October 1 and since then have been favorable for its maturity; less damage from frost than usual has occurred; itis probable, therefore, that the production this year will not be far from 2,700,000,000 bushels, as compared with 2,447,000,000 last year, 3,126,000,000 in the record year of 1912, and 2,708,000,000, the aver- age of the past five years. The total production of all cereals, based upon condition October 1, will be about 126,760,000 tons, as compared with 115,699,000 tons last year. The potato crop is maturing favorably, mdicating a production of 384,000,000 bushels, and may rank second in size, exceeded only by the 1912 big crop of 421,000,000 bushels. The latest forecast of apple production, 230,000,000 bushels, is within 5,000,000 of the estimated record crop of 1912. There will probably be a plentiful supply of potatoes and apples this winter. The cotton crop improved in condition during September in the eastern and central sections, but fell off slightly in the western, the net change being an improvement; conditions on September 25 were 8.3 per cent above average in the eastern portion of the cotton belt, 6 per cent above average in the central, and 7.6 per cent above in the western portion. Indications point to a crop of more than 15,000,000 bales, second only to the record crop of 15,693,000 bales in 1911. Owing to the decline in price of cotton, it is thought by many that the crop will not be thoroughly picked. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents: Table 1. — Estimated condition and acreage of specified croj)s: Total for tht States. United Crop. Corn Buckwheat Wbite potatoes. Sweet potatoes. Tobacco Flax... Rice. .. Cotton. Apples. Condition in percentage of normal. Oct. 1, 1914. 72.9 ' 83.3 78.0 80.7 '81.8 177.4 1 8S"6 273.5 69.1 Oct. 1, 1E)13. 65.3 I 65. 9 67.7 80.1 176.6 174.7 1 80.3 2 64.1 46.6 Oct. 1, 10-year average. 79.1 1 82. 5 75.7 82. 7 182.5 •78.5 186.4 2 68.5 53.1 Sept. 1, 1914. 71.7 87.1 75.8 81.8 71.4 72.9 88.9 2 78.0 61.9 Acreage, 1914. Per cent of 1913. 99.3 98.9 101.1 94.9 94.6 84.1 85.2 Acres. 105,067,000 796, 000 3, 70S, 000 593, 000 1,151,000 1,927,000 704, 800 36,960,000 Condition at time of harvest. 2 Condition 25th of preceding month. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Such preliminary estimates of this year's crops as have been made, together with yields indicated by the condition of crops on October 1 or at time of harvest, and the final yields in preceding years, for comparison, follow: Tabli- 2.- -Estimnted and indicated yields per acre and total production of specified crops, and farm price Oct. 1, 1914: Total for the United States. Crop. Winter wheat bushels. Spring wheat do... All wheat do. . . Corn do . . . Oats do . . Barley do . . . Rye ." do... Buckwheat do. . . White potatoes do. . . Sweet potatoes do. . . Tobacco pounds. Fla.xseed bushels . Rice do.. . Hay (tame) tons. Apples bushels . Yield per acre. 2 19.1 2 12.1 2 16.7 25.5 2 29.6 2 26.1 2 16. 8 21.. 3 103.3 94.0 821. 3 8.7 3!. 5 2 1.42 1909- 1913 aver- age. 15.6 13.3 14.7 25.9 30.6 24.3 16.1 20.5 97.1 92.7 815.1 7.8 33.3 1.34 Total production in millions. Octo- ber fore- cast. 2 675 2 217 2 892 2, 076 i 1,137 2 197 2 43 17 382 55 954 17 24 2 69 2:50 Sep- tember fore- cast. 2 675 221 896 2,598 1,116 200 2 43 17 371 55 862 15 24 2C9 220 1913 (final). 523 240 763 2,447 1,122 178 41 14 332 59 954 18 26 64 145 1909- 1913 aver- a£;e (final). 441 245 686 2,708 1,1S1 182 35 17 357 58 996 20 24 66 176 Price, Oct. 1. 1914 Cents. 94.4 91.8 93.5 78.2 43.3 51.8 79.0 78.7 64.7 87.3 S11.77 3 61.6 1913 Cents. SI. 2 74.0 77.9 75.3 39.6 56.8 64.8 74.1 73.9 122.6 $12. 22 3 76.5 190^ 1913 aver- age. Cents. SS. 5 84.3 87.6 67.9 38.6 60.6 72.0 71.9 69.1 166.3 S12.07 S70.6 Interpreted from condition reports. 2 Preliminarv estimate. •'' .\verage Sept. 15. The condition of specified crops October 1, 1914 (or at time of harvest), as compared with their average (not normal) condition, was as follows, expressed in percentage: Apples, 130.1; cranberries, 124.2; grapes, 109.2; cotton, 107.3; pears, 106.8; potatoes, 103.4; sugar beets, 102.9; lemons, 102.3; oranges, 102.2; rice, 101.9; peanuts, 101.1; buckwheat, 101; sor- ghum, 99.8; tobacco, 99.2; flax, 98.6; sweet potatoes, 97.6; sugar cane, 93.3; corn, 92.2; clover seed, 85. Similarly as to production (instead of condition) of the following, 100 representing an average production: Kafir com, 108.9; broom corn, 103.3; millet hay, 102.4; cabbages, 102.3; beans, 101.9; onions, 101.2; millet seed, 100.4; tomatoes, 96.4; hemp, 91.5; alfalfa seed, 86.5. The yield per acre of hops is estimated at 91.3 per cent of the average. Of the crops estimated quantitatively, estimated total production, compared with last year, is as follows (100 representing last year's total production) : Corn, 109.4; wheat, 116.9; oats, 101.3; barley, 110.3; rye, 103.1; buckwheat, 122; potatoes, 115.3; sweet potatoes, 93.7; hay, 107; flaxseed, 94.2; tobacco, 100.1; apples, 158.4. 4 FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. Table 3.- — Combined condition of all crops {100=avcrage) and change during September, by States. State. Com- bined con- dition (per cent). Change. State. Com- bined con- dition (per cent). Change. State. Com- bined con- dition (per cent). Change. Maine 111.8 109.7 91.1 112.1 106.5 107.9 105.0 106.2 103.2 105.7 111.0 86.8 89.8 102.7 99.5 99.9 99.7 + 1.0 + 1.7 -5.7 + .9 + .5 - .9 + 1.3 - .5 0.0 0.0 + .8 + 1.3 +3.4 + 1.6 - .4 -3.4 - .3 Ohio 98.3 91.1 84.9 109.2 103.4 93.4 100.4 82.2 100.2 94.0 101.6 119.6 97.8 96.2 105.1 99.9 100.7 +2.1 +4.8 +3.3 + L1 + L6 +2.4 +3.1 + 1.4 + 1.3 -1.4 + 1.9 + 7.4 + 1.9 + 6.8 + 1.0 + 4.5 Texas.. 101.2 105.9 94.8 90:7 99.2 107.4 110.9 97.6 99.5 119.4 94.6 101.0 94.2 108.6 3 6 New Hampshire Indiana Oklahoma +3.6 +2.3 - .8 - .3 + .9 4 Vermont Illinois Massachusetts... Rhode Island . . . Connecticut New York Michigan Wisconsin, Minnesota Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico..... New Jersey Missoiu-i _ .1 Pennsylvania... North Dakota... South Dakota... Nebraska Utah + .8 Delaware Nevada + 5 Maryland Idaho — .4 Virginia Washington 1 4 West Virginia... Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana 0.0 California United States. + .1 South Carolina.. Georgia 99.3 + L4 Florida THE WHEAT CROP OF 1913-14. By Nat C. Murray, Assistant Statistician. Tlie wheat crop of the United States in 1913 was estimated as 763,000,000 bushels. The amount carried over from the 1912 crop by farmers was 36,000,000 bushels, and the amount on farms at the close of the crop year was 32,000,000; consequently the total disap- pearance during the year was 767,000,000 bushels. It is estimated that about 660,000,000 bushels were marketed and 107,000,000 used on farms as seed and feed. The wheat crop is harvested within a short period and consumed more or less evenly throughout the year. Supplies are therefore large immediately after harvest and diminish gradually as the year advances. The consumption for food in this country last year averaged about 44,000,000 bushels per month. The monthly receipts of wheat by mills and elevators from farmers during the past year have been obtained by the Bureau of Crop Estimates and form the basis for the following estimate of the position of the wheat supplies on the first of each month. The difference between the cjuantity marketed by farmers and the c{uantity cDnsumed and exported indicates the increase or diminution of com- mercial stocks. The stock in commercial hands on July 1, 1913, is estimated at about 60,000,000 bushels. For the purpose of simplicity it is assumed that the season's crop is in the farmers' hands at the b^inning of the crop year, July 1 . Even though the entire crop is not harvested by that date, tlie crop is potentially in the farmers' possession, THE AGRICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 5 except the small proportion which is marketed before July 1. The figures given in Table 4 refer to wheat ultimately marketed and do not include the wheat used on the farm for seed and feed. The total quantity of wheat held by farmers naturally diminishes from month to month as the season progresses, but the quantity in commercial channels accumulated until December, then diminished. Farmers held the bulk of supplies until after January 1. Table 4. — Estimated movement and position ofiuheat stocks in the United States, montkly, July 1, 1913, to July 1, 1914} [Quantities expressed in millions of busliels.] Disappearance o a Supplies on hand first of each month. Percentage of total s t c !•: s lield by— P « oi „^ Month. ft o o 1 "3 o 3 o a o .3 '3 ® a a 8 3- P If a-- ■B.2 a 2 i.s i a ® 0.3.3 lis 3 o I-, July, 1913 Aug., 1913 Sept., 1913.... Oct., 1913 Nov., 1913 Dec., 1913 Jan., 1914 Feb., 1914 Mar., 1914 Apr., 1914 May, 1914 June, 1914 July 1, 1914 108 88 94 85 64 50 44 32 28 19 23 25 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 13 28 17 13 10 11 10 8 7 11 11 57 ' 72 61 57 54 55 54 52 51 51 55 55 +51 + 16 +33 +28 + 10 - 5 -10 -20 -23 -32 -32 -30 752 685 613 552 495 441 386 332 280 229 178 123 68 692 584 496 402 317 253 203 159 127 99 80 57 32 60 101 117 150 178 188 183 173 153 130 98 66 36 29 38 45 51 55 59 64 60 57 52 43 29 14 31 63 72 90 123 129 119 113 96 78 55 37 22 92 85 81 73 (J4 57 53 48 45 43 45 46 47 8 15 19 27 36 43 47 52 55 57 55 54 53 48 38 38 34 31 31 35 35 37 40 44 44 39 4 6 7 9 11 13 17 18 20 23 24 24 21 1 The year . . 660 528 146 674 1 1 1 Similar data for the three-year period 1909-10 to 1911-12 were published in the Crop Reporter, March, 1913. 2 E.xcluding wheat used on farms. WHEAT SUPPLIES AND REQUIREMENTS. By Nat 0. Murray, Assistant Statistician. The requirements of wheat for food in the United States during the 1914-15 crop year are estimated at about 525,000,000 bushels, and the requirements for seeding at approximately 77,000,000, making a total for food and seeding of 002,000,000 bushels. The prehminary estimate of production is 892,000,000. This allows 290,000,000 surplus for exportation and feed for live stock. Usually only a small quantity is fed to live stock; last year, however, a large wheat crop coincident with a shortage of corn in several States caused considerable feeding of wheat, amounting probal)ly to nearly 30,000,000 bushels. A year ago the country price of wheat and corn averaged almost the same; now wheat averages more than 15 cents per bushel higher than corn. This difference would tend to check the use of wheat for 6 FAKMEES BULLETIN 029. feed. It would seem, therefore, that most of the 290,000,000 bushels surplus might be available for exportation. The largest amount of wheat (including flour reduced to wheat equivalent) ever exported from the United States in one year is 235,000,000 bushels in 1901. Last year 146,000,000 bushels were exported. The total estimated requirements for food and seeding, by States, and the surplus or deficiency of home j^i'oduction to meet such re- quirements, are shown in Table 14, page 18. THE " WORLD " WHEAT CROP IN 1914. By Charles M. Daugherty, Statistical Scientist. The completion this month of the wheat harvest in the Northern Hemisphere makes possible a general survey of the world's production in 1914. Though statistics of the output in all countries are not yet available, sufficient is known to indicate along broad lines the rela- tive abundance of the total crop. In the five principal ex-European wheat-producing countries — the United States, Canada, Argentina, British India, and Australia — which ordinarily produce upward of 40 per cent of the so-called world crop, the aggregate output in 1914, as officially estimated up to the present date, was 1,585,600,000 bushels, or 60,000,000 bushels less than that of 1913, but 20,000,000 larger than in 1912. The decrease in the production of the 5 countries this year as compared with last was due wholly to shortages in Canada, Argentina, and British India, their aggregate output having been over 200,000,000 bushels less than a year ago, while the combined output of the United States and Austrafia exceeded that of the preceding year by over 140,000,000. It is pertinent to note that the five countries produce all the wheat grown outside of Europe, excepting an annual total of from 200,000,000 to 300,000,000 bushels grown in the smaller produc- ing ex-European States. A statement in detail of their production in 1914 as compared with that of previous years follows: Table 5. ^Production of xvheat in ex-European countries. Country. 191-t 1913 1912 United States Bushels. 891,950,000 159,660,000 1 113,904,000 313,040,000 1107,052,000 Bushels. 763,3.S0,000 231,717,000 198,414,0(JO 356,864,000 94,880,000 Bushels. 730,207,000 224,159,000 166, 190, 000 370,515,000 73 894,000 Canada Argentina British India Australia Total, 5 countries 1,585,606,000 (2) 1,645,255,000 203,470,000 1,565,025,000 295,565,000 Other ex-European Total ex-European 1,848,725,000 1,860,590,000 » Year 1913-14. 2 Total not yet available; the production In Japan, Asiatic Russia, and North Africa is known to be deficient, compared with that of 1913, hence figures for "other ex-European" will doubtless be less than 200 million bushels. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 In Europe agricultural conditions in most countries this season have been favorable for only moderate jdelds. Harvests were pretty well over before, or soon after, hostilities began, and the grain is believed to have been saved in generally good condition, except in territory actually occupied by the contending armies. Great Britain officially reports a crop of good quality, several million bushels larger than any recent one. In France the official estimate of production, usually published early in September, has not yet appeared; the consensus of popular opinion, however, is that, excepting in the northeast, an outturn of good quality has been secured, the quantity probably exceeding that of last year. The official estimates for Italy and Spain, published early in the season, indicate a short yield for the former, but for the latter an increase over that of a year ago. German figures on cereal areas, ordinarily given out in July, were issued at a much later date; official quantitative estimates of yields are not usually available for either Germany or Austria before December. In Hungary the latest of the regular semimonthly reports published on prospective yields is that of July 20, which indicated a deficiency. Commercial reports from Roumania and the Balkan States suggest short yields, and a recent cable report, said to give official figures, puts the 1914 yield in 73 governments of European and Asiatic Russia 183,000,000 bushels below the extraordinarily large crop of last year. The actual figures on production in the five European States from which returns have been received are shown in Table 6. Table 6. — Production of wheat in European countries. Country. Great Brilain Italy Spain Hungary Russia (73 governments) . Total, 5 countries . . Other Eui'ope Total Europe. Total "world' Bushels. 63,005,000 172,694,000 120,313,000 125,400,000 779,000,000 Bushels. 57,141,000 214, 105,000 112,401,000 151,34.S,000 962,587,000 1,260,412,000 1,497,882,000 778,293,000 2,276,565,000 4,125,310,000 1,931,285,000 3,791,875,000 The five European countries specifically named in Table 6 produce normally over two- thirds of the European wheat crop. Their output in 1914 is 237,000,000 bushels less than in 1913, but 34,000,000 lai^er than in 1912. Sufficient is knov/n of the character of the crops m Roumania, the Balkans, and other unenumerated States to make it practically certain that the present shortage in this season's European yield will be magnified by the complete returns. The 1912 and 1913 "world" wheat crops, it may be added, were the largest ever pro- duced. FAEMEES' BULLETIN 629. DISPOSITION OF FEED CROPS. By Nat C. Murray, Assistant Statistician. Nearly 39 per cent of the total value of corn, oats, barley, and hay used on farms of the United States is consumed by horses, 17 per cent by swine, 16 per cent by milch cows, 12 per cent by other cattle, 4 per cent by sheep, 3 per cent by poultry, 2 per cent by human beings, 2 per cent for seed; about 5 per cent is used for other purposes, or is uncertain. These estimates are based upon an inquiry made of crop reporters of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. Tlie four crops, corn, oats, barley, and hay, represent the bulk of cultivated crops fed to live stock. The total quantity of products fed to animals would include a small amount of wheat and potatoes, kafir, milo, etc., and miU feeds; and pasturage is an important item in the feed supply, especially in the western range section. But of the cultivated crops, corn, oats, barley, and- hay represent nearly the total supply. In the past five years the corn crop of the United States has averaged about 2,708,000,000 bushels annually; oats, 1,131,000,000 bushels; barley, 182,000,000 bushels, and cultivated hay, 66,000,000 tons. The amount of prairie hay and forage crops gathered annually is not estimated, but in the census report for 1909 it totaled 28,000,000 tons. The average annual consumption of all hay and forage crops may therefore be estimated as about 83,000,000 tons. Estimates of uses made of these crops are shown in Table 7. Table 7. — Estimated disposition of feed crops on farms of the United States. Corn. Oats. Barley. Hay. Object. Per cent. Bushels. Per cent. Bushels. Per cent. Bushels. Per cent. Tons. 27.0 26.8 8.6 9.4 2.2 3.6 3.4 .8 3.8 731,000,000 726, 000, 000 233,000,000 254,000,000 60,000,000 97,000,000 92,000,000 22,000,000 103,000,000 46.4 1.8 5.0 1.8 l.S 2.2 .9 7.6 4.5 525,000,000 20, 000, 000 57, 000, 000 20, 000, 000 20,000,000 25, 000, 000 10,000,000 86,000,000 51,000,000 14.8 9.4 4.4 1.1 .6 2.2 . 7 7.1 6.7 27,000,000 17,000,000 8,000,000 2, 000, 000 1,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 13,000,000 12, 000, 000 35.9 .3 23.2 15.5 5.1 29, 797, 000 249, 000 Milch cows 19, 256, 000 other cattle 12, 865, 000 Sheep 4,233,000 Human beings Seed 3.0 2, 490, 000 Total on farms Not used on farms 85.6 14.4 2,318,000,000 390,000,000 72.0 2S.0 814,000,000 317, 000, 000 47.0 53.0 86, 000, 000 96, 000, 000 83. 17.0 68,890,000 14, 110, 000 If a valuation of 57 cents per bushel be estimated for corn, 37 cents for oats, 60 cents for barley, and $12 per ton for hay, the total value of these crops is distributed as foUows: THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Table 8.- — Distribution, by value, of feed crops on farms of the United States. [000 omitted.] Crop. Horses and mules. Swine. Milch cows. Other cattle. Sheep, Poul- try. Hu- man. Seed. Other doubt- ful. Corn $416,670 Oats 194,350 Barley 16,200 Hay 357,564 1413,820 7,400 10,200 2,988 $132, 810 21,090 4,800 231,072 S144,780 7,400 1,200 154, 380 .$34,200 7,400 600 50, 796 $55,290 $52,440 9,250 3,700 2,400 1,200 Total. 984,684 434,408 389, 772 307,760 92,996 $12, 540 31,820 7,800 $58,710 18, 870 7,200 29,880 57,340 114,660 If the quantities and values given be applied to the average annual number of horses and mules, cattle, hogs, and sheep fed, estimated as about 25,000,000 horses and mules, 21,000,000 milch cows, 38,000,000 other cattle, 52,000,000 sheep, and 65,000,000 swine, the per capita quantity and value fed to each class is estimated as follows : Table 9. — Quantity and value of feed crops fed on farms, per capita of stock. Per capita quantity fed to— Per capita value fed to — x> T) C3 . o a S ^ ts el O w 43 o O .a 1^ 43 O .9 02 a .§ 02 Corn bushels.. 29.2 11.1 6.7 11.2 1.2 $10. 67 $6.32 $3.81 $6.37 $0.66 Oats do.... 21.0 2.7 .5 .3 .4 7.77 1.00 1 .19 .11 .14 Barley do.... 1.1 .4 .1 .3 .65 .23 1 .03 .16 .01 Hay tons.. 1.19 .92 .34 .004 .08 14.30 11.00 ! 4.06 .05 .98 Total i ! 1 " '""1 39.39 18.55 ^ 8.09 6.69 1.79 The proportion of the crops utilized for different purposes varies from year to year, according to the size of the crop. For instance, when a crop is large a relatively larger proportion is consumed by meat-producing animals, the proportion used by swine increasing more than that used by horses because the number of horses is more uniform from year to year thau the number of swine. THE COTTON CROP. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates esti- mates, from the reports of the correspondents and agents of the bureau, that the condition of the cotton crop on September 25 was 73.5 per cent of a normal, as compared with 78 on August 25, 1914, 64.1 on September 25, 1913, 69.6 on September 25, 1912, and 68.5, the average on September 25 of the past 10 years. 64991°— Bull. 629—14 2 10 farmers' bulletin 629. Table 10. — Condition of the cotton crop and farm price of lint, with comparisons, by States. Sept. 25. Aug .25. Change during September. Price to producer. State. 1914 1913 10- year aver- age. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 10- year aver- age. Oct. 1, 1914. Sept. 1, 1914. Aug. 1, 1914. Oct. 1, 1913. 80 79 72 81 81 78 68 67 70 69 70 72 80 96 75 70 71 72 78 67 63 60 63 63 68 64 42 100 76 73 72 72 71 69 66 62 67 68 74 75 66 86 82 77 81 S3 77 75 66 79 75 76 72 80 98 81 77 76 76 78 74 73 68 70 76 82 83 73 -6 -3 -5 -2 + 1 -7 -fl -9 -6 -6 -2 -5 -4 -4 -4 -7 -5 -7 -6 -3 -8 -8 -8 -7 8.0 7.8 8.2 7.7 13.5 7.8 8.1 8.0 7.4 7.9 8.0 "7." 5" 7.5 9.6 9.6 8.7 7.9 13.0 8.5 9.1 10.0 8.3 10.0 10.1 8.0 8.8 12.2 12.5 12.9 12.9 17.0 12.8 12.5 12.2 12.0 11.7 12.5 12.1 12.0 14.0 North Carolina 13.2 South Carolina 13.3 Georgia 13.3 Florida 13.7 Alabama 13.3 Mississippi 13.3 13.1 Texas , 13.3 13.2 13.4 13.0 13.1 California United States 73.5 64.1 68.5 78.0 73.4 -4.5 -4.9 7.8 8.7 12.4 13.3 Yields per acre indicated by condition figures September 25, 1914, final estimates of yield per acre 1913, 1912, and 10-year average, and acreage planted 1914, follow. (In 1913 about 1 per cent of the planted area was not harvested; in 1912 about 1.4 per cent.) Table 11. Yields of cotton lint per acre and cotton acreage planted, with comparisons, by States. Yield per acre (pounds, lint). Acreage planted, 1914. State. 1914, indicated. 1913, final. 1912, final. 10-year average, final. Acreage. Per cent of 1913 planted area. Virginia Pounds. 248 261 223 214 138 199 201 194 178 194 192 281 224 Pounds. 240 239 235 208 150 190 204 170 150 205 210 286 132 500 Pounds. 250 267 209 159 113 172 173 193 206 190 169 260 183 450 Pounds. 222 235 219 191 122 174 197 184 171 192 200 293 184 Acres. 46,000 1, 589, 000 2,826,000 5,398,000 194, 000 3,912,000 3,148,000 1,389,000 12, 052, 000 2,527,000 866,000 124, 000 2,854,000 35,000 Per cent. 95 North Carolina 100 South Carolina 101 Georgia 101 Florida 101 Alabama 103 Mississippi 101 Louisiana 110 Texas 95 Arkansas 100 Tennessee 100 110 Oklahoma 92 California 250 United States 200.6 182.0 190.9 187. 2 36, 960, 000 98.7 THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 A condition of 73.5 is interpreted as forecasting a yield per acre of about 200 pounds of lint, which, applied to the estimated area planted, 36,960,000, gives a total of 7,415,000,000 pounds, equiva- lent to nearly 15,500,000 bales of 500 pounds gross weight. A small portion of the planted area is usually abandoned, the average being about 1 per cent. Allowing 1 per cent for abandonment, the con- dition figure 73.5 on the estimated acreage would forecast a total production of about 15,340,000 bales of 500 pounds, gross weight, linters not included. The production in 1913 was 14,156,000 bales; in 1912 it was 13,703,000; and in 1911, the record crop, 15,693,000 bales. THE BRITISH INDIAN COTTON AREA IN 1915. The first General Memorandum of the Government of India puts the area planted to cotton up to date at 14,710,000 acres, against 14,833,000 in 1913-14 and 12,095,000 acres in 1912-13. The memo- randum is based upon reports furnished by Provinces which comprise on the average 16,203,000 acres, or about 76 per cent of the entire cotton area of India. It relates mainly to the early crop and not to the late crop, which will be mentioned in later forecasts. SUGAR-BEET FORECAST. The condition of sugar beets October 1 was 91.9 per cent of a normal. This forecasts a }deld per acre of about 10.3 tons. The actual outturn will likely be above or below this amount, according as conditions at harvest are better or worse than usual. A yield of 10.3 tons on the estimated planted area, 520,600 acres, amounts to 5,362,000 tons, or 52,000 tons less than was indicated by the condition of the growing beets on September 1 , and the same as was indicated by the condition on August 1. Assuming an average abandonment of 10 per cent, the harvest would be about 4,826,000 tons of sugar beets. The production in 1913 was 5,659,000 tons of beets, which produced 1,466,802,000 pounds of sugar. 12 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 629. FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 12.- — Crop conditions in Florida and California. Florida. California. Crop. Condition Oct. 1— Condi- tion Sept. 1, 1914. Condition Oct. 1 — Condi- tion 1914 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 Sept. 1, 1914. Oranges 83 88 100 87 90 89 76 65 87 89 89 92 Limes 87 87 88 82 92 100 85 87 Grapefruit 88 80 78 88 82 82 70 61 63 73 53 75 88 80 88 74 83 86 84 Apricots :::::;:;:;:::::: Prunes ' .. 1 - Olives 87 84 84 Velvet beans 88 89 88 Grapes: For wine- Yield per acre . pounds 7,800 92 97 92 93 5,600 76 91 75 83 6,500 87 90 89 87 90 91 1 1 Production compared with a full crop. CITRUS FRUIT PROSPECTS IN SPAIN, PORTUGAL, GREECE, TURKEY, ALGERIA, AND THE UNITED STATES, 1914-15. Requests for monthly reports on prospects for growing citrus fruits in countries bordering on the Mediterranean have recently been forwarded, through the courtesy of the Department of State, to United States consuls in the respective producing districts. Returns on conditions, etc., August 1 have been received from consuls sta- tioned at Barcelona and Valencia, Spain; Athens, Greece; Constan- tinople and Saloniki, Turkey in Europe; Aleppo, Turkey in Asia; and Algiers, Algeria. Spain. — The United States consul at Valencia, reporting on condi- tions in that consular district, where most of the Spanish oranges are grown, states that a large crop of oranges of good quality is now anticipated, although no attempt is made to estimate the quantity. Meteorological conditions have been generally favorable, and should they continue so during August and September the yield will prob- ably constitute a record. Mandarins are in the same category as oranges, with an equally favorable outlook as regards the size and qua,lity of the crop. The cultivation of lemons is of very minor importance. Limes, citrons, pomelos, and cedrats are not cultivated in this district. Consul General Carl Bailey Hurst, Barcelona, reports the condition of oranges, lemons, and citrons in that consular district as excellent. Limes, pomelos, mandarins, and cedrats are not grown. The orange- THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 13 picking season is Deceml)er to April; lemons and citrons, January to April. The principal orange-producing and orange-exporting country bor- dering on the Mediterranean is Spain. The Spanish groves are located almost exclusively in Provinces of the eastern coast, chiefly in Val- encia and Castellon. In these two Provinces were growing in 1910 over 87,000 acres of this fruit; whereas in all the other Provinces a total of only 30,000 were reported, the total for Spain being 117,000 acres. The orange crop in 1910 was 876,000 short tons. Lemon culture is, on the contrary, not an industry of great importance in Spain. The total area of lemon trees in 1910 was 6,000 acres, and the crop amounted to 70,000 short tons. Portugal. — -In Portugal no periodical reports on the area and con- dition of citrus fruit are published. The latest official figures on production relate only to 1909; as furnished by Consul WiU W. LowTie, Lisbon, they are as follows, and refer to the number of fruit: Oranges, 214,800,000; tangerines, 30,090,000; lemons, 15,390,000; and cedrats, 318,000. The principal producing Provinces are Lisbao, Santarem, and Porto. The tln-ee Provinces in 1909 produced 115,000,000 oranges, ahnost 21,000,000 tangerines, ahnost 7,000,000 lemons, and 128,000 cedrats. The fruit is grown quite generally, ho\\ever, tliroughout the Republic. Greece. — Respecting the area, production, etc., of citrus fruit in Greece, writes Consul General Alexander W. WaddeU, "No Govern- ment estimates are obtainable. " "It is a little early," he continues, "to make definite predictions respecting oranges, lemons, and man- darins, the only citrus fruit grown in this district, but present indi- cations are for a fair crop, that of oranges perhaps 20 per cent ahead of last year. Turl;ey.— The United vStates consuls at Constantinople and Saloniki, Turke}^, report citrus fruits not grow^n for commercial purposes in their districts. In the Aleppo district, Syria, Consul J. B. Jackson reports the pro- duction of citrus fruits as not extensive, in fact there is none whatever for export. Algena. — The number of citrus trees in Algeria in 1912, as returned by the Algerian Bureau of Agriculture, were as follow^s: Oranges, 783,341 bearing trees and 106,490 non-bearing; lemons, 138,439 bear- ing and 20,202 non-bearing; mandarins, 451,783 bearing and 84,155 non-bearing trees. Exports of oranges from Algeria were 4,347 short tons in 1912 and 6,223 in 1913, while exports of mandarins amounted to 9,728 short tons in 1912 and 7,442 in 1913. 14 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 629. Oranges and mandarins in Algeria are picked from November to May, lemons all the year round. "A considerable portion of the citrus trees in Algeria," states Consul Dean B. Mason, Algiers, "are planted in gardens, fields, etc., among other trees and crops, so that accurate statistics of the area would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to secure; the data as to the number of trees, therefore, aft'ord more accurate information as to the extent of citrus fruit cul- tivation. No statistics are kept as to the production, or as to the condition, of growing citrus fruits. United States.— In the United States the condition of oranges on October 1 is estimated to be 11.1 per cent higher than a year ago, and 2.2 per cent higher than the 10-year average condition on October 1. The condition of lemons is estimated to be 36.9 per cent higher than a year ago and 2.3 per cent higher than the 10-year average condition. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops decreased about 3.5 per cent during September; in the past 6 years the price level has decreased during September 2.8 per cent. On October 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 1.9 per cent lower than a year ago, 6.1 per cent higher than 2 years ago, and 3.2 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 years on October 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals decreased 0.7 per cent during the month from August 15 to September 15. This compares with an average advance from August 15 to September 15 in the past four years of 1,4 per cent. On September 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.58 per 100 pounds, which compares with $7.15 a year ago, $6.74 two years ago, $5.87 three years ago, and $6.92 four years ago on September 15. A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 26, 27, and 28 on pages 28-30. CROPS OF CANADA IN 1914. The Census and Statistics Office of the Dominion of Canada, under date of September 15, issued a preliminary estimate of the area harvested and the production of certain crops in the Dominion in 1914. As had been expected, the figures indicate a considerable reduction in the harvested as compared with the sown area, and a heavy decline in yields as compared Math those of 1914. The total extent of wheat, oats, barley, rye, and flaxseed harvested is 23,046,000 acres — a de- THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 crease of 1,873,600 acres from the area originally sown. This ex- ceptional abandonment was due chiefly to prolonged drought in the Northwest Provinces during the growing season and to the destruction of over 200,000 acres of wheat by winter-kill in Ontario and Alberta. As to yields, the total of wheat is 72,000,000 and of oats 76,000,000 bushels less than in 1913. The less extensively grown crops of barley, flaxseed, and rye also give deficient outturns, flaxseed showing a deficiency, as compared with a year ago, of 8,497,000 bushels. Of each of the crops reported on, average yields per acre are the smallest since 1910. Table 13. — Area and production of specified crops in Canada in 1914, preliminary. Crop. Acres sown, 1914. Acres har- vested, 1914. Bushels 1 ;)roduced. Averasce yield, bushels per acre. 1914 1913, final. 1914 1913, final. Wheat: Winter 1,184,800 10, 048, 700 973,300 9, .320, 600 ' Spring Total wheat 11,233,500 10, 293, 900 159,660,000 231,717,000 15.5 21.04 Oats 10,814,500 1,597,600 111,280 1,163,000 10,061,500 1,495,600 111,280 1,084,000 327, 732, 000 37,014,000 2,019,000 9,042,000 404,669,000 48, 319, 000 2, 300, 000 17,539,000 32.5 24.7 18.0 8.3 38.78 Barley 29 96 Rye 19.28 Flaxseed 11 30 Grand total 24,919,880 23,046,280 I Bushels: Wheat 60, oats 34, barley 48, rye 56, and flaxseed 56 pounds. For the three northwest Provinces alone the total estimated yields in 1914 are as follows: Wheat, including winter wheat, 139,672,000 bushffls, agamst 209,262,000 in 1913; oats, 160,796,000, against 242,413,000 bushels; barley, 20,320,000, against 31,070,000 bushels; and- flaxseed, 8,982,000, as compared with 17,366,000 bushels in the preceding year. TAKING PAINS. By Dr. T. N. Carver, Adviser in AgricuUural Economics to the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. There is a story of an aged savage who, after having Uved in civilized communities most of his life, returned in his old age to his native tribe, saying that he had tried civihzation for 40 years and it wasn't worth the trouble. Much of the philosophy of civihzation is summed up in that remark. Civilization consists largely in taking trouble. Genius, in the individual, has been said to consist in the capacity for taking infinite pains in one's work. It is this capacity which marks the superior race as well as the superior individual. 16 farmers' bulletin 629. They who find the taking of pains too burdensome to be born.e, will naturally decide that civilization is not worth the trouble. They who do not find it so very burdensome to take pains, will naturally decide that civilization is worth the trouble, and will therefore become civilized. This principle applies to every stage of civilization and progress. The greatest advancement is made by those who are capable of tak- ing greatest pains. It applies especially to agricultural progress. It is more trouble to select than not to select seed, and to select it in the field than in the bin. It is more trouble to test cows than not to test them, to keep accounts than not to keep them, to diversify or rotate crops than not to diversify or rotate, to mix fertilizers intelli- gently than to buy them already mixed, to cooperate with one's pig- headed neighbors, especially if one is himself a httle pig-headed, than to go it alone. It is also more profitable. In all these and a multi- tude of other cases it is found that it pa,ys to take trouble. There is probably no part of the farmer's business where this needs to be so much emphasized as in his buying and selling. It is so much less trouble to buy all one's supphes at retail as they are needed than to plan ahead and buy at wholesale, and to sell one's products at wholesale and in bulk to the nearest buj^er than to work out a better marketing scheme, that this practice of buying everything at retail and selhng everything at wholesale has become almost universal. It takes a very rich soil, or very hard work on the farm- er's part, or both, to make up the losses resulting from this system. The farmer is becoming, almost in the same sense as the manufacturer, a buyer of raw material such as fertilizers, seeds, feeds, machinery, live stock, etc. What manufacturer would expect to prosper ^f he depended upon the retail stores to supply him with his raw materials as they were needed and at retail prices ? How many manufacturers would expect to prosper if they did not have selling agencies but waited for buyers to come around and offer to buy their products after they were finished ? Of almost equal importance is the question of making the farm garden, poultry yard, orchard, and dairy support the farmer's family. All these things require the taking of trouble. It is less trouble to put all one's time on a money crop, to haul it to town and sell it, and to haul home from the store everything which the family consumes than to give attention to gardens, fruits, poultry, pigs, and cows. It is also less profitable. The products which the farm- er's family consumes are sold to the best market in the world. The farmer should credit to the garden, the orchard, the poultry yard, the cow, and the pig-pen the retail prices which he would otherwise pay for food, not half so good, bought at retail. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 Needless to say, these things must be carefully planned and man- aged. That requires the taking of trouble. Farmers who are not competent, or willing, to take pains in planning and managing these parts of their business will probably do quite as well by going on the old way of hauling all their stuff to market and hauling home again the goods which the family consumes. But their lack of prosperity will be due to the fact that, like the aged savage already referred to, they have concluded that civiUzation and progress are not worth the .trouble. But after all, when one once gets accustomed to takingpains itceases to be painful to keep on. It is only the beginning from which we shrink. When one gets into the habit of keeping accounts, of rotating and diversif3dng crops, of making the farm feed the family, and run- ning cooperative enterprises, it is not half as much trouble as it was feared that it would be. The real t^st of a man's quality is his ability to begin taking pains. 64991°— Bull. 629—14 3 18 FARMERS BULLETIN G29. Tablf, 14. — Wheat (including Jlour): Estimated surplus and deficiencies, hy States. [Bushels, in thousands, except per capita; 000 omitted.] Food requirements. Seed re- quire- ments, 1914-15. Total food and seed re- quirements. 1914-15. Surplus or deficiency of production. State or division. Per capita. Total, 1914-15. 1914-15,' prelimi- nary. 1913-14. 1909-10 to 1912-13.1 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.0 4.3 4.5 5.4 5.0 5.8 3,586 2,195 1,949 18, 030 2,541 5,414 53, 460 14, 080 47,827 6 2 630 140 2,450 3,592 2,195 1,951 18,030 2,541 5,414 54,090 14,220 50, 277 - 3,511 - 2, 195 - 1,922 - 18,030 - 2,541 - 5,414 - 45,900 - 12,798 - 26,399 - 3, 493 - 2, 185 - 1,922 - 17,745 - 2, 494 - 5,319 - 46,287 - 12,476 - 27,614 - 3, 450 New Hampshire - 2,170 — 1,908 Massachusetts — 17,262 - 2,412 — 5,153 — 44,681 — 11,889 Pennsylvania - 26,935 North Atlantic . . . 5.34 } 149,082 3,228 152,310 -118,800 -119,535 -115,860 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.7 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.5 1,050 8,470 9, 675 7,598 10,526 6,837 11,108 3,816 195 985 1,110 352 715 103 172 1,245 9,455 10, 7S5 7,950 11,241 6,940 11,280 3,816 + 1,092 + 3, 703 -f 121 - 4,410 - 4,215 - 6,020 - 9.600 - 3,816 + 404 - 1,258 - 84 - 4,741 - 4,023 - 5,890 - 9,411 - 3,712 + 605 + 353 - 1,662 West Virginia - 4, 675 — 5,234 South Carolina - 6, 006 - 9,503 Florida - 3,575 South Atlantic. .. 4.57 59, 080 3,632 62, 712 - 23,145 - 28,715 - 29,697 Ohio 6.3 5.7 5.6 5.0 5.2 31,670 15, 840 33, 527 14,880 12, 724 3, .550 3,700 3,865 1,600 340 35,220 19, 540 37,392 16, 480 13, 064 -f 3,445 + 23,699 + 11.037 -1- 1, 100 - 9,553 + 262 + 20,336 + 4,961 - 3,484 - 9,248 - 6, 684 + 9, 153 Illinois - 4, 239 - 1,344 Wisconsin - 9, 442 North Central East of Missis- sippi Kiver 5.06 108, 641 13,Go5 121,696 -f 29,728 + 12,827 - 12,556 Minnesota 7.2 5.3 5.2 7.2 6.5 5.8 5.8 15,941 11,777 17,540 4,946 4,303 7,227 10,353 6,300 1,350 3,490 9,400 4,800 4,800 11,000 22,241 13, 127 21,0.30 14,346 9, 103 12,027 21,353 + 20,832 + 1,687 -f 22,303 + 68,703 + 24,329 + 52,191 + 142,567 + 46,190 + 3,249 + 18,655 + 65,354 + 25,117 + 50,283 + 66,357 + 36,520 - 2,504 + 8,479 + 78,034 South Dakota + 31,311 Nebraska + 34,422 + 51,948 North Central West of Missis- sippi River 5.92 72, 087 41,140 113,227 +332,612 + 275,205 +238,210 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.4 6.0 4.0 10,580 9,246 9,080 7,608 7,978 22,993 12, 162 6,744 1,020 910 40 1, 400 3,200 141 11,600 10,150 9,120 7, 60S 7,978 2i,3Lt3 15,362 6,885 + 692 + 479 - 8,717 - 7, 595 - 7, 978 - 10,327 + 31,473 - 5,467 - 1,667 - 1,680 - 8,624 - 7,494 - 7,857 - 10,212 + 2,817 - 5, 468 - 2, 605 Tennessee — 2, 394 Alabama — 8, 500 - 7, 280 Louisiana - 7,659 Texas - .15,084 Oldahoma + 4,668 — 5,676 South Central 4.66 86,391 6,711 93, 102 - 7,440 - 40,185 - 44,532 Montana 6.0 6.3 6.0 7.9 7.2 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.0 2,598 1,065 5,460 3,034 1,721 2,532 604 2,568 8,448 4,776 16,548 1,400 150 700 85 40 450 66 840 3,500 1, 250 650 3,998 1,215 6, 160 3,119 1,761 2,982 670 3,408 11,948 6, 026 17,108 + 14,358 + 979 + 5,242 - 1,325 - 893 + 4, .361 + 662 + 10,954 + 42,279 + 10,578 - 9, 732 + 16,766 + 1,078 + 3,690 - 1,784 - 771 + 3,509 + 436 + 10,796 + 41,749 + 9, 881 - 12,430 + 6, 621 + 377 Colorado + 3, 152 - 1,868 Arizona - 1,002 Utah + 2, 092 Nevada + 223 Idaho + 9,878 + 35,181 Oregon + 10,816 California - 7,985 Far Western 6.17 49,354 9,131 58, 485 + 77,463 + 72,920 + 57,484 United States Exports 5.31 524,635 76, 897 001,532 +290,418 + 172,517 145, 590 + 93,049 93,000 Figures for the 4 years separately given in the Crop Reporter, November, 1912. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 CONDITIONS, PRODUCTION, FORECAST, AND PRICES OF SPECIFIED CROPS, BY STATES. Table 15. — Corn and wheat: Condition, forecast, and price of corn, and price of irhral, Oct. 1, 1914, with comparisons. States. Corn. Condi- tion, Oct. 1. Forecast from con- dition. Final estimates. Trice, Oct. 1. All wheat. Price, Oct. 1. Maine New Hampsliire.. Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut , New York New .Tersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missou-ri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States. P.c. 84 86 92 91 94 91 92 92 91 72.9 P.c 84 86 85 88 90 92 672 903 2,070 2,184 455 2,S31 22,514 11,060 65,768 6,761 23,951 43, 499 22, 175 54,613 35,629 58,347 8,256 149,440 164, 802 305,000 60, 387 65,025 91,584 378, 766 159,305 12,907 75, 039 177,389 107, 195 96, 119 81,003 52, 087 55,282 .38,518 125, 350 56,558 42, 201 979 544 10,931 2,692 578 366 33 593 1,037 5a4 2, 288 621 906 1,925 2, 184 454 2,893 21,546 11,130 65,235 6,761 23,669 42,912 20,855 53,978 35,629 59,059 8,586 142, 408 153,666 288, 033 59,685 62,858 90,566 365,239 156, 558 12,457 75, 039 172,093 107,549 92, 374 80, 718 49, 613 55,036 38,004 123,151 53,865 41, 405 989 535 10, 164 2,649 583 370 34 598 991 556 2,288 .Bm.i 60S 814 1,665 1,944 402 2, 348 15,020 10, 862 57,057 6,206 22,110 51,480 22,692 55, 282 38,512 63,023 10, 125 146, 2.">0 176, 400 282, 150 56,112 66, 825 96,000 338, 300 129, 062 10,800 67,320 114,150 23,424 74, 825 68, 675 55,360 63,000 41,800 163,200 52,250 47, 025 882 493 6,300 1,572 4' 340 34 448 952 598 1,815 Bu.i 694 967 1,792 2,041 430 2, 755 18,682 10, 157 56, 524 22, 211 46,969 20, 137 47,884 31,564 53, 482 8,628 154,651 186, 900 366,883 54,829 56,346 76,584 352,236 200,859 6,938 60,509 164, 878 129, 700 92,543 80,767 49, 107 51, 103 35, 131 120, 286 75,412 48, 439 533 268 6,409 1,838 457 254 29 362 800 542 1,745 Cts. 9i 93 89 110 92 89 82 85 92 90 103 104 94 77 75 74 75 70 61 69 79 67 63 66 76 85 91 101 92 95 73 95 94 77 150 Cts 90 83 84 80 106 85 83 68 77 85 85 90 103 96 80 72 71 71 71 63 61 66 78 53 61 71 79 86 85 82 8: 75 80 05 70 75 110 100 63 Qs. 85 81 80 82 99 82 77 SO 56 55 59 65 76 76 89 SO 70 74 62 71 84 64 72 100 106 73 Cts "i20 104 112 104 103 102 105 107 11 13 101 100 98 100 101 97 94 95 93 90 86 89 105 100 140 100 90 97 78 97 81 95 108 84 104 71 87 93 106 Cts. 100 100 88 95 96 104 121 96 120 125 s: 89 63 70 75 97 112 68 97 65 71 73 91 79.1 2,676,270 2,598,417 2, 446, 988 2,708,334 78,2 77.9 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 20 FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. Table 16.- — Spring ichcat: Yield per acre, production, qucdity, and price, 1914, u'ilh comparisons. Spring wheat. Yield per acre. Production. Quality. Price Oct. 1. State. If 1914 1913 10-year aver- age. 1914, pre- lim- inary. Sep- tember fore- cast. 1913, final. 5-year aver- age, 1909- 1913, final. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 1913 Maine , Bu. 27.0 29.0 17.0 10.5 13.5 11.4 9.3 11.5 15.0 17.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 30.0 24.0 20.0 16.5 Bu. 25.5 24.5 18.6 16.2 17.0 10.5 9.0 12.0 8.5 21.5 25.0 21.0 19.0 '28.' 6' 31.0 28.0 19.0 19.5 Bu. 24.6 24.4 16.7 13.7 15.2 11.6 11.5 12.8 10.0 24.6 26.2 24.6 21.5 25.1 27.5 29.8 25.2 19.4 18.1 81 29 1,683 42, 273 4,468 83,049 32, 466 3,944 945 7,293 1,210 6,552 744 77 27 1,684 40, 582 4,717 81,592 35,853 3,916 921 9,249 1,320 7,204 750 76 24 1,916 07, 230 5,805 78,855 33,075 4,200 468 8,385 1,250 5,460 570 Bu> 77 24 1,719 59,859 5,548 90,231 38, 768 3,687 618 5,618 1,019 5,266 477 2 48 1,853 568 4,483 22, 227 3,399 P.c. 97 92 82 70 83 77 72 84 85 90 92 92 94 90 82 97 88 95 92 P.c. 95 90 86 86 88 87 86 87 84 92 93 90 88 92 93 97 93 91 92 CIS. "ioi' 97 94 93 90 «6 89 78 97 81 95 Cts. 100 100 Wisconsin 83 77 77 North Dakota 74 73 Nebraska 73 80 Montana 63 70 Colorado New Mexico 75 97 Utah 1,768 810 5,040 21,560 2,920 1,856 795 5,237 22, 509 3, 193 1,820 713 5,600 20,900 3,412 84 104 71 87 93 68 97 Idaho 65 71 Oregon 73 United States 12.1 13.0 13.4 216,835 221,482 239,819 245,479 7S.6 87.5 91.8 74.0 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 2 Four years. Table 17. — Flaxseed: Condition, forecast, and price Oct. 1, 1914, with comparisons. Flaxseed. ■4 '•■ state. Condition Oct. 1. Forecast from condition. Final estimates. Price Oct. 1. 1914 1913 10-year average. Oct. 1. Sept. 1. 1913 S-year average, 1909- 1913 1914 1913 5-year average. Wisconsin P.c. 88 81 85 80 79 78 80 70 P.c. 87 78 89 47 74 70 80 67 68 80 48 P. c. 85 82 86 72 76 82 84 72 76 84 Bu.i 109 3,062 274 62 7,454 2, 785 57 290 Bu.i 108 2,912 267 48 6,977 2,652 57 283 Bu.i 126 3,150 263 50 7,200 3,060 54 300 Bu.i 118 3,315 221 96 8,535 3,842 24 316 = 6 2,988 40 Cts. 141 131 129 125 130 126 Cts. 160 127 115 115 126 120 Cts. 179 Minnesota Iowa 170 163 139 North Dakota 166 South Dakota 167 Kansas 125 120 151 Montana 69 80 2,672 61 2,059 63 3, 600 50 120 114 185 Colorado . . United States 77.4 74.7 78.5 16, 826 15, 420 17,853 19, 501 127.4 122.6 166.3 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 2 Four years. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 21 Table 18. — Oats and barley: Yield per acre, production, equality, and price, 1914, with comparisons. Oats. Barley. Yield per I'roduction. Quality. Price Oct 1 Yield per Production. Quality. Price Oct 1 acre. acre. State. 2 "a a > c3 u f ■ "3 ^ >> -r co" ^ ^!f •^ ^ ^ "^ ■^ 6 o c: a> c» Cl Bu. Bu. £m.i Bu.i P.C. P.C. ats. C O c -1^ o >. "^ C3 "6 o M S Maine P.C. P.C. Lbs.^ ifis.i X6«.i P.C. 95 91 91 87 85 85 86 81 81 82 72 P.C. 88 91 88 86 88 80 82 84 83 87 86 86 88 5«.i 393 29 204 41 56 6,405 232 5,715 56 198 381 778 166 Bu.i 384 29 202 44 60 6,462 244 6,037 56 198 339 758 166 416 31 200 34 51 4,004 220 5,180 51 182 531 798 174 Cts. 53 ■"■76 90 100 81 81 80 ?? 85 81 82 Cts. 60 >Ievv Hampshire Vermont ibd\ 94 981 91 185 181 11,600 37,370 6,086 182 182 11,788 37,9% 5,748 165 155 9,455 28,520 4,386 85 84 Massachusetts Connecticut 95 100 90 91 94 85 100 100 New York 77 New Jersey 75 Pennsylvania Delaware 92 87 48, 723 50, 246 46, 680 72 60 Maryland 83 65 73 74 73 84 97 86 87 74 82 83 83 78 80 90 90 S3 84 84 14, 442 93,600 7,0% 136,530 31,565 1,436 3,879 80, 620 12, 215 413 13, 680 87, 840 6, 599 133, 042 31,657 1,368 3,799 70, 055 10, 840 279 is, 500 154 000 70 Virginia 78 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina lo', 200 167,500 33,288 1,800 4,000 80 84 82 78 Georgia Florida Ohio 61,425 11, 925 560 90 78 82 85 85 85 93 74 83 82 82 441 83 «J 390 78 72 1,012 265 102 104 28 18 14 324 92 68 900 297 99 84 22 20 10 75 78 100 64 67 71 97 69 68 100 66 62 70 97 104 Indiana Illinois 84 79 82 84 82 80 82 76 74 1,023 282 105 112 29 18 15 Michigan M''isconsin 90 84 60,329 57,648 50, 740 Minnesota Iowa 78 81 3,710 2,804 3,315 Nebr8.ska Kansas Kentucky 80 83 80 85 65 80 82 84 84 84 80 80 344, 133 59, 103 112 351 107 459 286,830 48,228 105 380 107 470 281,200 Tennessee 64,800 210 270 120 520 78 87 45 44 4,j 75 70 Alabama Louisiana Texas Arkansas United States.. 81. 8 82. 5 954, 245 862, 473 953, 734 83.3 82.5116,882 17, 106 13, 833 78.7 74.1 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. Table 2l.^Rice: Condition and forecast, Oct. 1, 1914, with comparisons. Condition, Oct. 1. 1914 10-year average. Forecast from condition. Oct. 1. Sept. 1. Final estimates. 1913 North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas California United States Per cent. 83 85 85 85 83 85 89 Per cent. 84 78 85 85 84 82 86 88 81 Bushels. '^ 5 178 37 10 43 11,058 8, 330 3,406 780 Bushels. I 5 170 38 10 6 44 11,033 8,320 3,406 805 Bushels.^ 7 147 16 10 4 42 11,760 9, 696 3, 709 293 Bushels.^ 10 200 27 15 11,812 9,429 3,405 70 86.4 24, 453 24, 437 25, 744 25,054 Bushels.^ 13 117 39 18 6 76 11,693 8,174 2,792 6 22, 934 ' Thousands; 000 omitted. 24 FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. Table 22. — Clover seed, alfalfa seed, and forage crops: Condilion, production, and yield per acre, 1914, with comparisons. Clover s 3ed. Alfalfa seed. Millet. Kafir. corn. Canadian peas. Cow- peas. State. Condition. Yield per acre. Pro- duc- tion.! Pro- duc- tion of hay.i Pro- duc- tion of seed.i Pro- duc- tion.! Pro- duc- tion of grain.! Pro- duc- tion of for- age.! Condi- tion, Oct. 1. ^2 o CO O C-3 03 CO 01 01 CO a> CO ^ CO Massachusetts 79 75 84 Rhode Island 81 80 68 86 80 87 80 84 83 80 81 84 89 77 71 61 82 89 90 70 40 85 75 54 40 64 69 81 80 77 60 53 52 40 60 36 55 52 61 82 102 105 120 60 56 85 60 80 78 81 70 150 105 105 117 70 50 95 73 80 Coimecticut 80 New Yorlc 7'i New Jersey 90 Pennsylvania Delaware 78 90 Maryland 84 Virginia . ... 8-? West Virginia SO North Carolina 82 Sonth Carolina 78 Georgia 81 Ohio 84 78 65 89 87 87 82 64 90 80 81 80 82 81 82 85 76 80 72 83 93 95 95 95 90 98 100 95 85 83 96 84.4 75 72 66 84 81 88 66 54 90 80 60 58 81 81 S3 85 88 78 62 78 90 90 80 83 87 94 95 90 86 92 86 77.6 85 69 59 78 81 86 82 45 80 76 76 80 76 78 82 78 85 78 66 78 85 85 105 90 85 96 75 64 57 77 86 90 73 30 90 80 75 50 •56 50 70 70 74 67 60 60 98 91 85 69 88 94 85 69 60 78 83 90 80 51 83 80 77 70 77 78 82 70 85 80 71 78 "96 97 80 70 100 75 Indiana 58 Illinois 50 Michigan 79 88 Minnesota 85 Iowa 70 33 North Dakota 69 South Dakota 81 Nebraska 40 Kansas 45 56 Tennessee 54 Alabama 80 81 Louisiana 84 Texas 70 150 41 150 73 74 92 100 102! 130 91 100 75 150 93 147 93 1 56 100 125 74 Oklahoma 57 Arkansas 67 SO tf) 86 71 80 Utah 100 87 85 96 84 77.0 134 125 115 76 90 79 91 96 89 95 80 75. 7 90 88 80 98 82.4 90 <¥) 94 60 42 86 United States 63 68 76.5 ! Production compared with a full crop. THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 25. — Miscellaneous crops: Yield per acre, quality, and condition, 1914, with comparisons. Broom corn. Hops. Sugar beets. Sugar cane. Sor- ghum. Pea- nuts. Cran- berries. State. Yield per acre. Produc- tion.! Yield per acre. Condi- Quality, tion Oct. 1. Condi- tion Oct. 1. Condi- tion Oct. 1. Condi- tion Oct. 1. Condi- tion Oct. 1. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1 1913 1914 1913 1914 i 1913jl914 1 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Lbs. Lbs. P.c. P.c.^ Lbs. Lbs. P.c. P.c}p.c. P.C. P.C. j P.c.^P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. 74 73 1 I i 85 67 1 ■ I 1 98 76 85 85 1 82 68 450 550 79 90 86 62 ... ^.... 88 61 1 76 84 83 82 84 88 86 80 65 89 87 90 84 65 84 84 87 83 87 90 81 78 65 91 91 79 48 79 86 1 1 80 80 86 91 84 82 85 90 82 85 S3 75 85 90 Florida ....L... Ohio. 88 81 90 89 90 89 89 83 78 80 87 87 86 86 SO 550 475 85 70 86l 7.5 1,200 98 90 85 8? 450 407 68 46 North Dakota.. . 87 83 77 60 South Dakota 94 89 90 85 88 86 86 89 85 81 85 91 78 80 75 55 42 70 72 81 81 84 73 56 71 550 420 400 150 85 90 55 55 Kentucky 880 1,000 80 67 80 86 84 87 85 76 80 65 82 83 81 73 60 73 Alabama 85 79 80 82 78 82 87 75 Texas 650 370 550 300 250 70 76 83 56 45 8? 75 95 95 96 97 95 87 84 90 92 96 95 95 ::::::" 483 500 325 225 88 60 95 65 93 82 65 95 94 100 90 85 Utah 96 100 94 88 85 89 Washington . 1,4S0 950 1,700 1,615 1,250 1,600 97 94 93 94 100 97 ;::: ;:: California 84 88 United States.. 414.2 272.6 79.1 50.3 985.3 1,149.8 92.2 96.4 91.9 86.2 80.9 85.3 81.9 70.2 83.9 83.6 91.5 71.5 1 Production compared with a full crop. 28 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 629. PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. Table 26.- — Prices paid Lo producers of farm products, by Slates. Sept 15. State. Hogs. Beef cattle. Sheep. MUch cows. Horses. 1914 4-year aver- age. 1914 4-year aver- age. 1914 4-year aver- age. 1914 4-year aver- age. 1914 4-year aver- age. Dolls. 8.50 9.00 8. .50 10.30 9.80 10.20 8.60 10.00 8.80 8.90 8.70 8.20 8.30 8.10 8.20 8.40 7.00 8.80 8.70 8.40 8.30 8.30 7.80 8.30 8.00 7.20 7.80 8.00 8.10 8.00 8.00 7.40 6.60 7.40 7.60 7.80 6.60 7.40 8.20 8.30 8.20 8.10 7.50 8.80 8.00 8.00 7.90 8.80 Dolls. 7.55 7.80 7.32 8.53 8.53 8.90 7.78 8.40 8.22 8.63 8.00 7.32 7.55 7.58 7.32 7.18 6.22 8.15 8.15 7.88 7.80 7.60 7.28 7.62 7.62 6.70 7.18 7.40 7.52 7.52 7.15 7.02 6.80 6.05 6.92 7.50 6.10 7.88 7.80 7.62 7.40 8.10 7.20 8.27 7.45 8.18 8.25 7.42 Dolls. 8.10 8.00 5.80 7.10 8.00 7.10 7.10 7.60 6.50 7.20 6.40 6.70 5.20 5.00 5.00 5.30 7.40 7.30 7.40 6.60 6.00 6.10 7.70 6.80 5.80 6.80 7.00 7.10 6. 60 5.90 4.60 4.50 5.30 5.50 5.80 4.80 6.70 7.10 6.70 6.00 6.10 5.80 6.80 6.00 6.20 6.10 6.60 Dolls. 7.15 6.22 4.98 6.27 6.67 8.17 5.30 6.38 6.12 5.83 5.62 5.05 5.30 4.08 3.98 3.80 4.62 5.82 5.22 5. 88 5.10 4.68 4.45 6.05 5.55 4.42 5.22 5.72 5.55 4.SS 4.18 3.25 3.45 4.35 4.18 4.48 3.78 5.58 5.40 5.28 5.28 5.75 4.90 5.42 5.28 5.60 5.68 6.10 Dolh. 4.80 5.70 4.40 Dolls. 4.32 5.00 3.65 Dolls. 60.00 61.00 56.00 76.00 78.00 73.70 66.50 70.00 62.80 55.00 54.00 49.20 53.90 40.30 41.00 40.50 45.90 63.00 56.50 64.00 61.20 67.10 62.10 61.90 54.50 65.70 66.70 67.00 62.00 50.00 47.20 39.10 40.00 42,00 53.20 55.40 40.50 78.90 86.00 73.00 65.10 SO. 00 70.30 77.00 77.90 76.00 67.00 72.50 Dolls. 50.10 57.12 47.38 55.62 71.88 62.17 54.95 56.80 51.38 45.27 38.80 39.10 41.88 32. CO 37.00 32.52 39.05 49.85 46.58 51.22 46.65 50.68 44.92 49.32 45.38 47.55 46.22 48.15 47.75 38.42 36.65 30.28 30.75 31.98 43.35 43.05 31.65 59.00 58.62 54.02 51.00 61.00 49.92 67.33 56.02 62.70 53.35 55.50 Dolls. 205 200 162 215 205 172 155 170 125 130 140 144 148 162 160 145 156 142 137 165 174 153 149 110 136 127 122 117 117 137 131 115 105 88 97 9; 125 99 105 69 120 125 125 109 123 105 110 Dolls. 195 New Hampshire Vermont 181 158 186 217 Connecticut New York. . 6.90 4.70 ""5."46" 5.20 5.30 4.20 4.30 4.30 5.90 4.80 5.00 4.40 4.00 4.70 4.60 5.10 4.50 4.70 4.20 4.80 4.60 5.40 5.20 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 4.40 4.10 6.00 5.60 4.50 4.60 3.00 5.40 5.20 4.70 5.00 4.50 5.00 6.17 3.92 4.18 4.70 5.07 4.45 3.90 3.90 4.38 4.75 4.05 "'"3.' 65" 3.62 3.88 4.00 3.85 3.90 4.22 3. GO 4.30 4.25 4.38 4.18 3.48 3.48 4.18 3.75 5.10 4.25 4.10 3.52 4.28 4.65 4.40 4.35 4.10 5.08 4.30 3.88 4.60 4.80 4.95 203 179 168 Pennsylvania Delaware 174 158 142 Virginia . . 142 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 142 150 175 156 Florida. .. 149 Ohio 161 153 Illinois 154 Michigan 170 Wisconsin... 172 Minne.sota 160 Iowa 164 Missouri 127 North Dakota South Dakota 150 138 129 Kansas 127 Kentucky 128 146 Alabama . 129 120 Louisiana 94 Texas 96 Oklahoma 103 Arkansas 108 Montana 137 Vv'yoming 108 Colorado 121 New Mexico Arizona 78 108 Utah 114 119 Idaho 134 Washington . . 143 Oregon 113 California 144 United States. 8.11 7.49 6.38 5.09 4.80 4.26 59.58 46.87 132. 47 141.53 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 29 Table 2f). — Friccs jmid to producers of farm producis, by States — Continued. Oct. 1.. State. Butter. Eggs. Chickens. Rye. Hay. 1914 5-year aver- age. 1914 5-year aver- age. 1914 5-ycar aver- age. 1914 5-year aver- age. 1914 5-year aver- age. Cts. 31 34 33 36 34 37 32 34 31 31 2S 25 26 24 26 24 33 27 24 27 27 30 27 27 23 26 25 24 25 21 19 23 23 28 23 24 24 32 31 30 35 34 33 42 30 33 31 30 Cts. 31 32 31 34 34 35 30 33 30 27 27 24 24 24 25 24 32 25 23 25 26 28 26 25 22 24 24 23 24 20 19 21 22 26 23 23 22 33 30 29 32 35 31 37 32 33 32 32 Cts. 33 35 29 41 39 38 33 35 28 25 26 24 24 23 24 23 2S 25 23 22 24 23 22 21 19 21 19 19 19 19 IS 21 21 23 18 17 20 29 27 29 29 35 27 45 26 33 31 35 Cts. 30 33 29 38 38 37 29 33 27 27 25 22 22 21 23 22 26 23 22 21 22 21 20 19 18 20 19 18 IS 19 18 20 20 20 IS 17 19 32 29 27 28 34 25 39 29 32 29 34 Cts. 14.7 15.0 14.1 19.1 19.5 18.5 16.9 18.0 14.9 15.5 15.9 14.2 13. 9 12.6 13.1 13.5 16.7 12.9 12.2 11.9 12.6 12.4 11.0 11.3 11.2 11.0 9.9 10.5 10.6 11.4 11.5 13.6 12.3 13.6 10.5 9.7 12.5 14.4 14.1 14.1 13.9 18.2 13.3 21.0 11.7 13.2 13.8 15.5 Cts. 14.2 14.6 13.6 17.0 17.8 16.7 14.9 17.3 13.6 14.5 14.8 14.3 12.6 U.9 12.2 13.3 14.5 11.9 U.l 11.2 11.4 11.2 9.7 10 6 10.3 10.0 9.1 9.6 9.4 11.0 10.8 12.2 11.9 13.4 9.7 9.2 10.1 14.6 14.6 13.1 13.1 16.8 13.0 18.8 12.5 13.9 12.2 14.8 Cti. Cts. Dolls. 13.20 16.80 14.50 20.00 22.00 20. 00. 14.80 19.50 14.00 13.80 15.80 17.50 16.90 17.50 17.80 16.50 17.10 13. 90 It.vO 14.00 12.40 9.90 6.20 10.30 14.70 5.20 5.30 7.00 8.30 16.50 18.00 14.40 12.30 12.60 9.10 8.20 13.40 8.50 7.40 8.00 10.50 8.50 8.20 10.80 6.40 10.60 8.20 7.50 DolU. 13.46 New Hampshire Vermont 90 69 99 110 100 85 86 79 82 84 87 90 97 136 105 97' 93 79 78 78 75 7S 84 83 99 149 141 16.28 13.40 Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut New York 20.56 21.84 20.12 15.04 New Jersey I'ennsylvania Delaware 18.46 15.48 14.90 Maryland 16.08 Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 15.76 14.54 15.60 17.92 17.56 16.08 Ohio 78 82 83 79 78 77 76 ss 76 63' 74 93 99 153 76 71 76 69 68 62 67 80 60 61 61 7S S7 96 135 13.20 12.52 Illinois Michigan 12.70 13.26 \\isconsin 12.32 7.80 9.40 10.76 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 5.52 6.52 8.08 Kansas KcBtucky Tennessee 8.52 14.14 14.74 Alaliania . . . 13.42 11.86 11.04 Texas 97 80 97 64 81 60 106 99 102 67 6.5' 11.28 Oklahoma Arkansas 7.90 11.42 9.84 9.56 9.48 11.02 10.54 65 63 8.44 9.38 74' 90 100 66 81 87 81 7.68 Washington 11.50 9.28 California 11.20 United States. 26.0 25.6 23.5 22.0 12.5 11.6 79.0 72.0 11.77 12.07 30 FARMEES' BULLETIN 629. Table 21. — Averages for the United States of -prices paid to producers of farm products. Product. Hogs per 100 lbs Beef cattle do. . Veal calves do. . Sheep do. . Lambs do.. Milch cows per head Horses do. . Honey, comb per lb Wool, mawashed do.. Peanuts do .-. Apples per bu Peaches do.. Pears do. . Beans do.. Sweet potatoes do.. Tomatoes do.. Onions do . . . Cabbages per 100 lbs. Clover seed per bu . Timothj' seed do.. Alfalfa seed oo. . Broom com per ton Cotton seed do. . . Hops per lb . Paid by farmers: Clover seed per bu. Timothy seed do... Alfalfa seed do... Bran per ton. Sept. 15— 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 S8. 11 6.38 8.06 4.80 6.27 59.58 132. 00 .137 .130, .050 .62 1.37 .93 2.46 .90 .63 1.03 1.50 9.10 2.46 7.21 77.00 13. SS .2-14 10.76 3.25 8.85 27.86 S7.68 5.92 7.73 4.23 5 51 55. 78 141.00 .138 .158 .049 .76 1.36 1.19 2.08 .90 .68 1.04 1.79 7.31 2.13 7.42 106.00 21.07 .209 10.22 2.84 8.96 26.59 $7.47 5.35 6.83 4.11 5 49 46.79 141.00 .135 .1.S7 .048 .62 1.10 1.00 2.38 .89 .59 .89 1.25 9.39 2.09 9.02 77.00 17.61 .198 11.61 3.06 10. .52 26.82 86.53 4.43 6.11 3.91 5.02 42.22 139. 00 .13^ .156 .051 .70 1.29 1.04 2.26 .98 1.04 1.94 10.19 6.65 92.00 18.09 . 40G S8.27 4.65 6.43 4.81 5.85 42.68 145. 00 .134 .177 .045 .74 1.15 LOl 2.28 .80 .99 1.94 8.27 3.77 139.00 26.23 Oct. 1.5— Aug. l.j— 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 S7.60 6.05 7.72 4.16 5.51 56.47 138. 00 .139 .155 .048 .86 1.45 .96 2.25 .78 .73 1.10 1. 69 7.00 2.02 6.96 102. 00 22.01 .295 9.32 2. 85 8.73 26.52 .S7. 70 5.36 6. SO 4.19 5.42 47.30 140. 00 . 136 .185 .047 .61 1.05 .83 2.34 .80 .62 .85 1.08 9.37 1.95 7.87 70.00 18.04 .222 11.28 2.84 9.84 26.58 $8.11 6.47 8.08 4.87 6.26 60.72 135.00 . 135 .18' .049 .69 1.05 .99 2.54 .98 .92 L38 1.74 8.76 2.43 6.81 91.00 20. 16 .200 10.. 39 3.17 7.79 27.24 87.79 5.91 7. 53 4.32 5.£0 54.78 141. 00 .138 .158 .049 .75 1.26 1.10 2.11 .99 .96 1.0.5 2.15 9.37 2.01 7.96 91.00 20.24 11.94 2.76 10.06 25.10 S7. 11 5.37 6.62 4.26 5.60 46.11 142. CO .137 .188 .050 .68 1.08 1.06 2.40 1.02 1.00 1.88 9.80 3.20 8.58 83.00 18.02 .188 11.78 3.89 10.07 27.41 Table 2S.— Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. Product and market. Wlieat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter, New York i Com per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mi.xed. New York ' Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, Chicago". Hops, per pound: Choice, New York . . Wool per poimd: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston Best tub washed, St. Louis Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per poimd: Creamery, extra, New York Creamery, extra, Elgin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh, New York Average best fresh, St. Louis Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York Oct. 1, 1914. $1.02 -$1.04 1.05 - 1.05 J 1.14i- 1.14i .74J- .74i . 72 - . 721 .441- .443- .92 - .46 .45J .93 15. 50 -16. 50 . 45 - .50 . 25 - .25 .31 - .32 Sept., 1914. Sl.OlJ- 1.01 - 1.13 - .77J- .72i- $1. 18* 1.23i 1.3l| • .82J .83| .45 .44 .90 14.50 .35 .25 .31 - .52 - .51 J - l.OOi -16. 50 - .50 - .25 - .33 7.90 - 9.25 .29i- .29J .29 - .29 .31 - .42 .20J- .20*! .15i- .ISj! .30 - .29 - .30 - .20J- .15 - .32J .30* Aug., 1914. 3.80 -$1.14 .851- 1.16 .95 - 1.22 . 74 - .86 . 82 - . 93* . 34 - .50 .334- .48 J .67'^ 1.01 15.00 -18.50 .35 - .37 .25 .32 .25 .33 7. 90 - 9. 90 .28§- .32 .28- .30J .42 . 27 - .36 . 22J . 19 - . 21i .16 .14*- .16J Sept., 1913. .90 -SO. 96 . 88*- . 95* . 96i- . 98* . 72 - .78 .711- .781 .41^- .441 . 40 J- . 43f . 641- . 70 16.00 -19.50 . 39 - .43 . 20 - .21 .29 - .29 7.50 - 9.25 .30 - .32* . 30 - . 31' .30 - .12 - .151- .46 .24 .161 Sept., 1912. SO. 98 -SI. 10 1.01 - 1.07 1.03*- 1.06 .68 - .79J . 68J- . 79 .31 - .34.^ .31 - .34J .66J- .71 15.00 -22.00 .20 - . 30 . 23 - .25 . 36 - .36 7.60 - 9.27i .27J- .25 - . 27 - .42 . 194- . 22 .151- -16? 1 F. o. b. afloat. 2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored .\ugust. J THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 31 32 FARMERS BULLETIN 629. 8 y ^ '-' 5 o -a ■fc "^^ .2 = o o o g „ :a J a b-3 g g « >. n X! :-St3 ° § a => <^ r^ a 2 ^ ja J « " (13 a* '♦^ 0) <« to »} o ■« P >* ■D -^ -^ CS J3 O V ■e a THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 33 FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 629. THE AGEICULTUEAL OITTLOOK. 35 O U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE i a t III Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. November 23, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Page. Crop review, November 1, 1914 1 Preliminary estimate of sugar beets and beet sugar, lOU 1 Preliminary estimate of Louisiana sugar cane, 1914 5 Hops consumption t> Florida and California crop report 6 Trend of prices of farm products 7 The world's wheat 7 The cotton crop surplus 9 Cost of producing cotton 12 The cooperative marketing of cotton 14 Page. Relative production of apple varieties 10 Food production and requirements of various countries 20 International Institute of Agriculture's crop report 23 Canadian crop report '-'3 Conditions, yield per acre, production, quality, price, v/eiglit of grain per measured bushel, and stocks on farms of specified crops, by States (tables) 25 Prices of farm products (tables) 33 Yield indications Nov. i, 19t4(chart) 40 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF DECEMBER CROP REPORTS. On Thursday, December 10, at 2.00 p. m., the Bureau of Crop Estimates, United States Department of Agriculture, will issue an estimate of the total production of cotton this season. A final estimate and review of crop production and values this year vrillbe issued on Tuesday, December 15, at 12.30. On Thursday, December 17, at 12.30 p. m., an estimate of winter wheat and rye acreage and condition will be issued. CROP REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1914, The preliminary estimates of crop production this year indicate that the aggregate per acre yields of all crops will be about 9.4 per cent larger than last year's yields, about 2.3 per cent larger than their 10-year average, but nearly 5 per cent smaller than in 1912, which year stands as the record for large crop yields. The early part of the present season was rather unfavorable to crop growth, the early summer being severely hot and dry in many States. As the season progressed, however, prospects improved and the final outturn of crops is better than had been forecast at any time during the growing season. The improving tendency of the season may be seen from the monthly forecast of production from, the condition 69415°— Bull. 641—14 1 FARMERS BULLETIX Gil. reports, as shown in Table 4. From July 1 to the time of harvest nearly all crops showed an enlargement in the production forecast. Most crops have produced larger yields this year than last year, important exceptions being flaxseed and clover seed. The total pro- duction of corn this year is expected to be about 10.6 per cent larger than last year's total production, the wdieat crop 16. S per cent larger, oats 1.6 per cent larger, barley 10.3 per cent larger, buckw^heat 23.1 per cent larger, potatoes 22.6 per cent larger, sweet potatoes 5.1 per cent smaller, hay 7 per cent larger, cotton between 8 and 9 per cent larger, tobacco about 3 per cent larger, apples about 78 per cent larger, sugar beets 9 per cent smaller, and flaxseed 10.5 per cent smaller than the total production of last year. Prices which producers are receiving for grain crops are somiewhat higher than received from last year's crops, notwithstanding increased production, but there has been a considerable decline in potatoes and apples, and a marked decline in the price of cotton. On the basis of prices prevailing on November 1, 1914, and November 1, 1913. the total valuation of crop production in 1914 of the 12 crops shown in Table 1 is 2.1 per cent higher this year than last year. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents: Table 1.- Yield per acre, produclion, quality, andjanii price of principal crop," for the United Stateft. Total Yield per acre. Production (000 omitted). Quality. Price, Nov. 1. Crops. 1914 1913 10-year average. 1914, pre- liminary. 1913, final. 1914 1913 1914 1 1913 1 Corn bushels. . Wheat do Oats do.... Barley do Rye.." do Buckwheat do Potatoes do Sweet potatoes. .do Hay tons.. Cotton pounds. - 25.8 16.7 29.7 26.1 16.8 21.4 109. 6 94.5 1.42 200.6 853.8 8.3 23.1 15.2 29.2 23.8 16.2 17.2 90.4 94.5 1.31 182. 784.3 7.8 28.7 14.4 29.9 25.2 16.2 19.7 96.6 91.6 1.40 187.2 823.8 9.0 2,705,692 891,9.:0 1,139,741 196,568 42,664 17, 025 406,288 56,030 68,604 7,341,000 982,715 15,973 2 258,862 5,147 4,017 2, 446, 988 763,380 1,121,768 178,189 41,381 13,833 331,525 59,057 61,116 6.772,000 953, 734 17,853 145,410 5,659 5,647 P.ct. 85.1 89.7 86.5 87.5 94.0 SI. 6 90.9 89.8 92.1 P.ct. 82.2 93.2 89.1 86.4 94.0 86.5 87.8 87.8 91.7 Cents. 69.7 96.2 42.5 51.3 80.6 78.1 54.0 76.3 11.71 6.3 Cents. 70.7 77.0 37.9 54.7 63.2 75.5 69.6 75.7 12. 26 13.0 86.4 90.4 85.3 84.7 91.2 70.2 Flaj^eed bushels. . 118.7 3 56. 118.7 38.5.6 Stigar beets tons.. Hemp pounds. . 10.6 817 9.76 894 9.96 1 Hay, dollars per ton; cotton, cents per pound; other products, cents per bushel. " Forecast from November condition, s Average, Oct. 15. THE AGRICULTURAL OtTTLOOK. Table 2. — Production, of rarioii.^ product^, eipres-ied ii> jx-rcentages of a '"full crop 191-.'-J')/4: ToUd for the United States. Crop. Fruits: Apples Apricots (Cal.) . . Blackberries Cantaloupes Cranberries Grapefruit (Fla.) Grapes Lemons Limes (Fla.) Oi-anges Peaches Pears Pineapples(Fla.) . Prunes (Cal.) Raspberries Strawberries Watermelons Vegetables; Bean.s (dry) Beans (lima) Cabbages Per cent. 74.5 80.0 70.8 83.7 91.0 '89.0 89.8 195.0 185.0 189.1 63.0 71.1 68.0 78.0 80.5 74.2 81.8 81.7 82.4 80.2 Per cent. 44.6 61.0 74.6 78.1 70.0 180.0 72.8 165.0 190.0 182.2 47.6 58.7 88.0 63.0 72.9 73.6 75.7 75.7 76.5 71.2 Percent. 69.9 80.0 71.5 79.8 78.7 195.0 87.8 192.0 185.0 1 92. 9 68.4 73.5 92.0 88.0 77.4 89.2 80.6 81.7 83.2 90.6 Crop. Vegetables — Con. Cauliflower (Cal.) Celery (Cal.) Onions Tomatoes Miscellaneous: Alfalfa Alfalfa seed Almonds (Cal.)... Broom corn Clover hay Clover seed Hemp Kafir corn (grain) Kafir coni( forage) Millet hay Millet seed Olives (Cal.).. Peanuts Sugar beets . . . Sugar cane Wahiuts (Cal.) ir cent. 96.0 96.0 84.4 78.2 93.9 77.3 85.0 79.1 73.5 70.2 70.0 96.4 86.7 80.4 75.1 188.0 89.4 194.3 188.6 7S.0 Per cent. 90.0 92.0 77.6 77.0 83.3 89.4 50.0 50.3 81.0 80.5 55.0 52.8 55.1 61.8 02.1 176.0 84.3 189.0 185.0 77.0 Per cent. 90.0 96.0 90.5 85.3 94.2 84.2 81.0 82.9 83.0 74.6 77.0 156.2 88.6 86.0 80.2 172.0 82.0 192.9 178.1 S6.0 1 Condition Nov. 1. Tablk ;>. — Average of yields this year of all crops combined, duly weiyhted by States, compared, first, with last year and, second, with the average yields of recntt years (mostly JO years). State. Crop yields, 1914, compared — State. Crop yields, 1914, compared — With 1913. With average. With 1913. With average. Per cent. 116.9 128.4 105.5 120.6 111.7 116.8 120.7 104.8 107.7 113.6 122.4 85.2 100. 9 105. 6 99.4 107.8 102.0 104.0 97.6 105. 2 118.1 97.8 84.2 103.8 115.2 Per cent. 118.4 113.8 102.7 116.3 113.4 11L7 110.7 104.9 105.5 109.3 112.9 89.9 94.7 108.1 103. 7 111.2 112.0 100.1 92.7 85.3 111.4 106. 3 94.7 104. 9 81.6 1 North Datota Per cent. 110.2 110.6 129.1 192. 2 121.3 111.1 110.3 103.7 101.6 100.7 163.5 102.2 94.3 106.0 IIS.O 129.8 85.6 108.1 112.5 93.7 100.9 91.9 123. Per cent. 99.2 1 South Dakota 93.6 1 Nebraska 102.9 Kansas 124.2 101.9 98. 5 Alabama 110.1 Mississippi 103.1 Louisiana 103.7 Texas 103.7 Oklahoma 105.6 95.9 Mont ana 90.2 Wyoming 97.9 Colorado 106.6 New Mexico 110.0 Arizona 97.9 Ohio Utah 100.2 Nevada 118.6 Idaho 95.4 Washington 101.4 95.0 California 109.9 United States 109.4 102.3 farmeeb' bulletin (341. Table 4. — Fmecubts/ioni >. iioports from sugar-beet factories, based chiefly upon results for the beginning of the campaign, indicate that the area of beets har- vested for sugar making in 1914 will be 486,000 acres, and the pro- duction 5,147,000 tons. The total sugar production, according to these preliminary returns, is expected to be ()()4,000 short tons, which is about 09,000 tons less than in 1913, and nearly 29,000 less than in 1912. While the beet crop is approximately 500,000 tons less in 1914 than in 1913, the average yield per acre in 1914 was exceeded only twice in the post 14 years; once in 1906, when the average yield was 11.26 tons per acre, and again in 1911, when the average was 10.68. The average yield of sugar per ton of beets promises to be prac- tically the same in 1914 as in 1913. Details of the estknates for 1914 with comparisons for earlier yeai-s, are shown in Table 5. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK- 5 Table 5. — P reliminanj estimate of suqar beets and bat s^igar in 1914 and final e.'-:timaies fo/j91S end 19J2. Jieets. Pti,t;ar produc- tion. Averag-e extrac- tion of sugar. f tate, and year cf l;eet liai-vast. Area har- vested. Production. Value. Percent- ase of beets. Per Total. Average per acre. Total. Average price per per ton. short ton of beets. California: 1914, preliminary. 1913 A am. 107, 000 127, 610 111,416 132, 000 168,410 144,999 25,000 22, 497 19, 952 100,000 107,9:5 124,241 17,000 30,661 27,062 •42,000 39, 473 37,000 63, 000 83,391 90,630 Tonr,.i 996, ono 1,1.38,003 1,004,328 1,552,000 1,840,653 1,641,861 260,000 222,612 170, 619 915,000 955,242 838, 784 182, 000 240, 435 263, 005 571,000 48i;8f3 445, 130 671,000 780,654 860,650 9.3 8.92 9.01 11.7 10. 93 11.32 10.5 9.9 8.55 9.2 8.M 6.75 10.9 7.84 9.72 13.5 12.21 12.03 10.7 9.48 9.78 DoUar.^. 5,797,000 6,942,000 6, 48S, 000 8, 642, COO 10, 437, 000 9, 785, 000 1,299,000 1,111,000 884,000 4, 785, 000 5, 665, 000 4,773,000 919,000 1.284,000 i; 397, 000 2,818,000 2,318,000 2,181,000 3,690,000 4,473,000 5,013,000 Dollars. 5.82 6.10 6.46 5.57 5.67 5.96 5.00 4.99 5.18 5.23 5.93 5.09 5.05 5. .34 5.31 4.91 4. SI 4.90 .5.50 5.73 5.82 Tons.'- 146, 000 171,208 158, 904 191,000 22t), 274 216,010 35,000 29, 620 24,761 114,000 122, 424 95,049 21,000 28, 687 28,503 74,000 57,231 59, 571 .83,000 94,957 109, 758 Per cent 14.7 15.05 15.82 12.3 12.46 13.16 13.5 13.31 14.51 12.5 12.82 11.33 11.5 11.93 10.84 13.0 11.88 13. 38 12.4 12.16 12. 75 Pounds. 294 301 1912 316 Colorado: 1914, preliminaxy . 1913 . . . 246 249 1912 263 Idalio: 1914, preliminary. 1913 272 266 1912 290 Michigan: 191 4, preliminary. 1913 250 256 1912.. 227 Ohio: 1914, prelimijiarv . 1913 .". . 228 239 1912 217 Utah: 1914, preliminary. 1913 258 238 1912 168 Other States: = 1914, preliminary. 1913 247 243 1912 245 United States: 1914, preliminary . 1913 486,000 580,006 555, 300 5,147,000 5, 659, 403 10.6 9.76 27,950,000 32.230,000 30,521,000 .5.43 5. 69 5.84 604, 000 7.33, 401 692, 550 12.9 12. 96 13.20 258 259 1912 5,224,377 1 9. 4i 265 1 1 ton=2,000 pounds. 2 Include Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Miiuiesota, Montana, Nevada, >Vijconsin, and Nebraska. PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF LOUISIANA SUGAR CANE, 1914. By Frank Andrews, Chief, Divi-tion of Crop Records. Returns from sugar factories in Louisiana indicate that during the 1914 campaign about 3,600,000 short tons of cane are expected to be used for sugar. This does not include cane used for sirup nor that reserved for planting. This estimate is based upon expectations at the open- ing of the campaign, about November 1, and is, of course, subject to modiilcation when final reports are available from factory records after the season is over. Final returns for 1913 showed that 4,214,000 tons of cane were crushed for sugar. The preliminary estimate for 1913, based upon expectations at the beginning of the sugar-making season, was about 5,000,000 tons, or 800,000 in excess of the final estimate. 6 FAEMEES' BULLETIX 041. Table G. — PreJiminari/ esiim-ate of the cane used and lo be used for sugar in Loum-ana in 1914, and Jimd returns for cane used and sugar vmde in 1911-1918. [1 short ton=2,000 pounds.] Year. 191-i, preliminary 19i3 1D12 1911 Can* used for sugar. Short tons. 3,t)00,000 4,214,000 2,162,574 5, 887, 292 Average sugar made per ton of cane. 139 142 120 Sugar made.' Short Ions. 292, 6as 153,573 352,874 1 Expressed in long tons (2,240 poimds),tbe sugar crops of 1913, 1912, and 1911 wer* respectively 261,33s, 137,119, and 315,066. HOPS CONSUMPTION. The total hop movement of the United vStates for the past 9 ycais is shown in Table 7. The figures on the quantity consumed by brewers have been compiled from the records of the Treasury De- partment. Table 7. — Hop consumption and movement. 1906-1914- Year ending June 30— 1914 1913 1912 Wll 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 Exports. Consumed j- bv brewers. 43,987,623 44,237,735 42,436,665 45,068,811 43. 293, 764 40,813,804 42,988,257 44,294,839 41,620,172 Domestic. Pounds. 24,262,898 17,591,195 12, 190, 663 13, 104, 774 10.589,25-! 10,446,884 22,920,480 16,809,534 13,026,904 Foreign. Pvunds. 30, 224 35,859 35, 869 17,971 14,590 26. 197 94,631 8,714 32. 454 Total of brewers' consump- tion and exports. Imports. Pounds. 68,280,743 61,864,789 54,663,197 58,191,559 53, 897, 608 51,286,885 66,003,368 61,113.087 54,679,530 Pounds. 5,382,025 8,494,144 2,991,125 8, .557, 5.31 3,200,560 7,. 186, 574 8, 493, 265 6,211,893 10,113,089 Net dome.stif inovem'^n ! . Pounds. 62,952,718 53,370,645 51,672,072 49,634,028 50, 697, 048 43,900,311 57,510,103 51,901,194 44,565,541 FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 8. — Crop conditions m Florida and CaJiforrtia. Florida. California. Crop. Nov. 1 — Oct. 1, 1914. Nov. 1— Oct.l, 1914 1913 1912 ■ 1914 1C13 1912 1914. Oranges, condition 82 88 100 83 92: t5 80 65 90 92 90 Lemons, condition 89 Limes, condition 85 . 89 TO 90 SO 35 K5 95 43 87 87 Grajiefrait, condition Pears, production ^ 87 88 ■85 78 72 76 50 77 88 72 81 86 88 Almonds, production ' ■Walnuts, production ' Velvet boans, condition 87 87 . — 88 Grapes: For raisins — Yield per acre pounds. 5,300 91 93 4,000 79 88 84 5,000 S8 90 89 Production i Quality : : For table, condition %i \ Compared with a full crop. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 7 TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United vStates for the principal crops decreased about 7.1 per cent during October; in the past 6 years the price level has decreased during October 4.3 per cent. Exclusive of cotton the decline during October was 6.1 per cent, compared with the average of 4.3 per cent in October of the past six years. The greater decline this year than usual is due (1) to steady improvement in prospective yields during October, and (2) to the leveling downward resulting from a transition from a year of smail production and high prices to a year of large production and lower prices, notably in case of corn and potatoes. On November 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 5.4 per cent lower than a year ago, 7.1 per cent higher than 2 years ago, and 0.2 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 years on November 1 . The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals decreased 5.8 per cent during the month from September 15 to October 15. This compares with an average decline from Septem- ber 15 to October 15 m the past 4 years of 1.2 per cent. On October 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.14 per 100 pounds, which compares with $7.12 a year ago, $6.86 2 years ago, $5.58 3 years ago, and $6.80 4 years ago on October 15, A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 28-34. THE WORLD'S WHEAT. By Charles M. Daugherty, Staiistmd Scientist. As a result of the war in Europe, a world-wide tendency exists to increase the acreage of wheat for the 1915 harvest. If prevaihng sentiment should be realized, doubtless the mf)st extensive area in the history of the world will be seeded duruig the present autumn and coming spring. The tendency is universal. A prospective heavy demand for this important food grain by the importing countries of western Europe is likely, if seeding conditions favor, to give extra- ordinary stimulus to sowings of both winter and spiing varieties iu the two great exportuig countries of North America, and to those sowmgs now bemg finished under auspicious circumstances m British India. In the southern hemisphere seeding was completed before the war began, and the effect of present economic conditions upon ex- tension of areas there will be manifest only in the spring and summer of 1915. It is pertinent to note, however, that the extent of land now under wheat in Argentina for the approaching midwmter harvest is, owing to a wet seedtime, 761,000 acres less than that of last year and that the growmg Australian crop has been so reduced by drought that there will be little or none for export. The promise of Aigen- 8 FAKMEBS BULLETIN 641. tina, iK^twithstundbig the rechicod jicreagc, is ior a total yield much ill excess of that of last year. In Europe, where ordmarily over half the world "s wheat is produced, the hidicatious are that all available labt>r resources^ in both neutral and eontendmg nations, will be utilized to the utmost for getting in fidl or increased areas. A wide extension of sowings in some countries is assm'ed. In Italy, whose wheat acreage is ordinarily second in extent to that of no State m Europe, excepting Russia, 1,000,000 acres, it is said, will be added to the crop. In the c( ntending countries reports mdicate that, notwithstanding the dearth of customary farm labor caused by the war, extraordinary efforts are being exerted in autumn seedhig. The services of women and cliildren, men exempt from military service, refugees, prisoners of war, and soldiers tem- porarily relieved from the ranks are being utilized in. the fields as occasions permit and require. Bec.iuse of strfdned labor conditions and of the occupation of certain territory duiuig seedtime by con- tenduig troops, some local contractions of area seem inevitable in some of the countries actually engaged in war. The reduction, how- ever, is likely to be compensated by increased sowhigs in neutral nations; and in Europe, as a whole, no extensive duninution of the wheat acreage seems imminent. Tlie slight decline, as ofhcially re- tiu-ned, in the area sowii to winter wheat in Russia this fall was due chiefly to adverse weather and is of little significance, since by far the larger proportion of the Russian wheat lands is invariably devoted to the culture of sprmg wheat. In western Europe, particularly in England and Frraice, the autumn sowings of wheat are, from various causes, now somewhat in arrears, but as a large part of these countries is favored with a mild climate, making sowuig operations possible at times during the entii'e winter, little anxiety is expressed over the present delay. Reports from Germany and other countries of central Europe indicate that seedhig operations have been carried on with activity, the chief obstacle contended with having been the disturbed state of labor brought about by war. Additional reports received during the past month concerning the 1914 world harvest show that the shortages in some countries, as compared with the previous year, were lai-ger than shown in earlier a^timates. Though no detailed official figures have bee:i pubHshed, the crop of France is stated on authority of the French Department of Agriculture to be between 290,000,000 and 300,000,000 bushels, an estimate commonly construed as indicating a probable yield of about 295,000,000 bushels. The Itahan crop, according to the final official fig-ures, amounts to 169,000,000 bushels, 3,000,000 bushels less than the prelinoinary estimate. Prussia reports a yield 17,000,000 bushels below that of last year, and Roumania returns less than haK a crop. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, A second official estimate on the Canadian crop puts the yield at 158,223,000 bushels, as compared with a previous one of 159,660,000 bushels. Deficient yields, as compared with those of 1913, are also reported from the less importiint producei-s, Belgium, Denmark, arid Switzerland. The aggregate shortage of wheat this year, as compared with last, in all countries from which returns have been received up to date, is over 386,000,000 bushels, that in Europe alone amounting to 323,000,000. The complete total from aU countries, however, is not yet available. Below is a statement of yields in all countries from which returns for 1914 have been received. The figures are in all cases official, but final only in a few instances. Those for Russia, however, are esti- mates based upon the appearance of the fields in early July a7id are subject to be changed when the final returns are issued in November. Table 9. — WJieat crop of undermentioned countries, 1912-1914. Country. EUROPEAN COUKTRIES. (ireat Britain France Italy Spain Switzerland Beleium Netherlands Denmark Prussia Hungary Bulgaria Roumania Russia (73 governments) Total NONEUROPEAN COUNTRIES. United States Canada Argentina British India Japan Australia Total Grand total Bushels. 63, 005, TOO 295, 000, 000 169, 442, 000 120,313,000 3. 4S0, 000 13; 973, 000 5,413,000 4,877,000 91,000,000 125,000,000 46, 000, 000 45,000,000 781, 00 J, 000 1,763,503,000 891,950 0(XI 158, 223, 000 113,904,000 313,040,000 23,842,000 107,052,000 1,608,011,000 3,371,514,000 Bushels. 57,146,000 ,321,571,000 214,405,000 112,401,000 3,546,000 14,769,000 5,081,000 6,691,000 108, 123, 000 151,348,000 40, 000, 000 89,000,000 962, 587, 000 2,086,668,000 763,380,000 231,717,000 198,414,000 356,864,000 25,927,000 94,880,000 1,671,182,000 3, 757, 850, 000 Bushels.- 57, 598, 000 336,284,000 ia5,720,000 109,783,000 3,178,000 15,348,000 5,604,000 5,045,000 100,991,000 173,328,000 44,756,000 94,000,000 720,042,000 1,831,677,000 730,267,000 224,159,000 166, 190, 000 370,515,000 26,514,000 73,894,000 1,591,539,000 3,423,216,000 « 1913-14 crop. THE COTTON CROP SURPLUS. By Fraxk Andrews,, Chief, Division of Crop lierords. The prices of cotton since early in August have been extremely low. A large surplus of the current crop, which in normal years would have been exported, is held in the United States awaiting sale. The aver- age price to producers on November 1, 1914, was 6.3 cents per pound; on the same date in 1913 the average price was 13 cents; in 1912, 10.9; in 1911,8.9; and in 1910, H cents per pound. On October 1, 1914, producers were paid an average of 7.S cents; one month earlier, on 1)9415=' Bull. 641—14 2 10 FAKMEKS' BULLETIK Qil. September 1, the average was 8.7 cents. These figures, as well as quotations of New Orleans prices, are shown in Table K). With the exception of 1911, the cotton crop of 1914 is the largest on record. The 1914 crop, from conditions on September 25, is expected to be about 15,360,000 bales of 500 pounds gross weight. This estimate does not include linters, the production of which has averaged about 600,000 bales for the past three years. The amount of this season's crop which had been gmned prior to November 1, 1914, according to the Census report, was 9,828,695 running bales, or less than two-thirds of the total crop, as estimated by the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the Department of Agriculture. For the past four years from 63.2 to 65.8 per cent of the total crop has been ginned from the beginning of the picking season up to November 1 . COMMERCIAL MOVEMENT. While the quantity of cotton ginned up to November 1, 1914, was larger than for that period in any previous year for which record exists, except m 1911, the quantity marketed this year is unusually lov.'. From commercial sources, quoted in the reports of the New York Cotton Exchange, the quantity received at seaports and shipped to 'mills and overland to Canada, plus the net receipts at interior towns — in other words, the total quantity entering into the commer- cial movement from August 1 to October 16, 1914 — was 1,483,000 bales. Subtracting this marketed quantity from the total amount ginned to October 18, the excess is found to be 6,139,000 bales, or 81 per cent of the total cotton ginned to that date. For the past three years the amount ginned but not marketed up to about October 16 or 18 has been from 3,500,000 to 4,000,000 running bales and has been slightly over 50 per cent of the total amount ginned. It ap- pears, therefore, that the surplus yet to find a market at the time of mid-October was from 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 bales above the usual amount. Of the 1,483,000 bales which had entered into the commercial movement from August 1 to October 16, 1914, more than half con- sisted in receipts at seaports . The quantity shipped to mills amounted to only 262,000 bales, compared with 588,000 in 1913, 506,000 in 1912, and 550,000 in 1911. The opposite tendency is shown in the net re- ceipts at interior towns. Those receipts are computed by subtracting the stocks on hand August 1 from the stocks October 16. The excess thus computed for this period in 1914 amounted to 403,000 bales, as compared with 250,000 bales in 1913, 275,000 in 1912, and 349,000 in 1911. Exports from August 1 to October 31, 1914, were about 564,000 running bales; in the same three-month period for the past four years the exports were from 2,250,000 to 2,750,000 running bales. Details as to the exports, quantities ginned, and prices for the first part of each season, beginning with 1910, are shown in Table 10. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, 11 T.^BLE 10. — Cotton e.ipo)ts and prices for three moi}th.^. and qnanfilies ginned up to October 18, 1910-1914. Year. Exports from the United States, Au.eust to October, inclusive. Quantity ginned for the sea- son up to Nov. 1. Average price paid to pro- ducers in the United States, Prieei per pound at New Or- leans for middling cotton on the first business day of — Sept. 1, Oct. 1. Nov. 1, Septem- ber. October. Novem- ber. 1910 Running bales. 2,251,525 2, 673, 700 2,447,893 2,705,391 5()4,000 Running bales. 7, 345, 953 9,970,905 8,869,222 8,830,390 9,828,695 Cents. 14.4 11.8 11.3 11.8 8.7 Cents. 13.3 10.2 11.2 13.3 7.8 Cents. 14.0 Cents. 144 Cents. lOA 111 14 8A Cents. 14i 1911 8. 9 Hi 10. 9 llA 13, 12t^ 6. 3 (2) 91 1912 lli^ 1913 i3| 1914 7^ 1 Closing cash price, 2 No quotations available for New Orleans or any other important market, except Augusta, Oa., where 7§ cents was quoted for middling upland new cotton. DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION. The changes in the domestic consumption of cotton in the United States — that is, the quantity used in United States milLs — for the past 43 years is shown in Table 11. During 1881-1885 an annual average of about 1,900,000 bales (500 pounds gross) were retamed out of our crops for spinning in this country, and in 1906-1910 the amomit re- tained averaged nearly 4,200,000 bales a year. In addition to this domestic cotton there were imported for use of miUs in this country about 7,000 bales a year during 1881-1885 and 187,000 a year during 1906-1910. From the crop of 1913 over 5,500,000 bales were kept for mills in this country, and nearly 266,000 bales were imported. The imported cotton is chiefly Egyptian and other varieties, which are not as yet supplied in sufficient quantities by producers in the United States. The years mentioned above, in connection with exports and imports, refer to 12-month periods begmning September 1 of the years mentioned. Table 11. -Production, e.i:ports, and consumption of cotton for the United States, 1881-1913. In bales of 500 pounds, gross weight. Figines for exports and imports refer to years beginning Sejit, 1, Year. Crop, including linters. Exports of domestic cotton. Domestic cotton re- tained for home consumption. Net im- ports of foreign cotton. Total con- sumption in United States. Amount. Per cent of crop. Amount. Per cent of crop. Averaicc per year: 1881-1885 . . Bales. 5,865,845 7,231,521 8, 040, 225 10,152,934 11,006,613 12,175,867 16,250,276 14.313,015 14.795,367 Bales. 3,926,408 4,860,026 5,482,445 6,940,768 7,254,980 8,002,460 11,081,218 9,199,093 9,255,924 Per cent. 66.9 67.3 68,2 68.4 65,9 65.7 68.2 64.3 62.6 Bales. 1,939,437 2,365,495 2,557,780 3,212,2.56 3,751,627 4,173,407 5,169,0'8 5,113,922 5,. ^39, 443 Per cent. 33.1 32.7 31.8 31.6 34.1 34.3 31.8 35.7 37.4 Bales. 6, 928 19, 747 84,187 115,025 140, 627 186.577 230, 820 225, 460 265,651 Bales. 1,946,365 1880-1890 2,385,242 1891~1.S95 '',011,967 1896-1900 1901-1905 3.327,281 3,892,254 1906-1910. . . 4,3.39,984 1911 5,408,878 1912.. 5,339,382 1913 5,805,094 12 PABMEES BULLETIN 041. FOREIGN MARKETS. The principal foreign countries to which cotton is exported from the Uaited States, under normal conditions, are the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, Belgium, Canada, Austria- Hungary, and Russia. The exports to the European countries which are now at war, during the 4 years from July 1, 1910, to June 30, 1914, averaged nearly 8,000,000 bales per year, or 84 per cent of the total exports from the United States. Exports in detail for these years are shown in Table 12, wdiich was compiled from reports of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Department of Commerce. Of the 564,000 running bales exported from August 1 to October 31, 1914, 269,000 bales were consigned to the United King- dom, 15,000 to France, 198,000 to other countries on the Continent of Europe other than France, 70,000 to Japan, and the rest to Mexico. Table 12. — Quant ih/ of cotton exported fiuin the I' nit ed States. ' [In bales of 500 pounds, p-o.ss weigh!.] Yeai ending June 30— Country to whicli consigned. 1911 1912 1913 1914 Average, 1911-1914. Bales. 3,461,053 1,021,998 2, 202, 707 79, 530 150, 225 84,941 Bales. 4,343,108 1,228,294 3,156,171 125, 564 211, 903 111,756 Bales. 3,716,898 1,074,987 •J. 443, 886 113, 182 226, 967 74,908 Bales. 3,581,501 1,139,30'J 2,884,324 106, 511 227, 473 99, 076 Bales. 3,775,640 1,116,169 2,671,772 106, 197 Belgiiun 204, 142 92, 670 Total . 7,000,454 9, 176, 796 7,650,828 8,038,284 7,966,590 156, 724 910, 704 480,934 1,412,521 396, 779 1,076,984 353,440 1, 130, 157 346,969 other countries 1,132,592 Grand total 8, 067, 882 11,070,251 9,124,591 9,521,881 9, 446, 151 COST OF PRODUCING COTTON. By Nat C. Murray, A.isistant Chief of Bureau. Tiie Bureau of Croj) Estimates has received many inquiries recently for data concerning the cost of producing cotton, due, no doubt, to tlie gi'eat decline in the price, the average to producers on November 1 being 6.3 cents per pound, as compared with 12.1, the average of the past live years on November 1. Yearly reports of the cost of producing crops, are not made by the Bureau of Crop Estimates. In 1899 the bureau (then the Bureau of Statistics) published a bulletin which gave the results of a thorough investigation into the cost of producing cotton in 1896. In 1910 crop I'cporters estimated the cost of producing various crops on the basis of conditions prevailing in 1909 and 1910. Results were published in the 1911 issues of the Crop Reporter for com, wheat, oats, barley, and potatoes. l)ut not for cotton. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, 13 Tlie results of the investigation for 1896, conducted by James L. Watkins, showed that the average total cost of cultivation per acre on 3,335 upland plantations was ^15.42 and the average total return $19.03, the average net profit being $3.61 per acre. The average yield was 255.6 pounds of lint and 16 bushels of seed per acre, and the average price of lint 6.7 cents per pound and of seed 11.9 cents per bushel. The average cost of picking i)er 100 pounds (of seed cotton) was 44 cents and the average cost of producing lint cottoji in all wStates and Territories was 5.27 cents per pound. The average total cost of cultivation on 111 sea-island plantations reporting was $21.95 and the average total return $28.05. The average ^deld was 168.2 pounds of lint and 10.3 bushels of seed per acre, and the average price of lint 15.57 cents per pound and of seed 23.9 cents per bushel. The average cost of picking per 100 pounds was $1.03 and the average cost of producing lint cotton (sea-island) was 11.59 cents. The results of the investigation for 1910, based upon estimates of 862 crop reporters, indicated that the average total cost })cr acre was approximately $20.35, and the production of lint 247 poimds, making an average cost of about 8.24 cents. These two investigations, although not made in precisely the same manner, are sufficiently comparable to indicate a material increase in the money cost of producing cotton between the two periods, the increase averaging over 3 per cent a year. The cost per acre to different growers varies widely, the average given including some reporting the cost below $12 an acre, and others reporting the cost above $35 per acre. However, the cost per acre to each individual varies only moderately from year to year, there being a more or less gradual increase in the past 20 years. On the other hand, the cost per pound to an individual grower varies widely from year to year, according as to whether his yield happens to turn out large or small. In the investigation made in 1910 the cost as reported in the Eastern States averaged 8.19 cents per pound, and in the Western States 8.39 cents. The higher cost in the West was due, no doubt, to lower yield on account of boll weevil in Texas. The schedule of inquiry contained the following mstructions: "The cost of labor and teams, whether owned or hired, should be estimated upon the basis of prevailmg rate of wages paid, v»'hether the actual work is done by owner or hired labor. Under cost of preparing ground for seed, include cost of applymg manure, if any. Under cost of cultivation, mclude all costs from the time the crop has been planted until it is ready to gather. Include in cost of preparing for market [ginnhigl all costs from tune crop has been gathered from fields until it is ready for market. Let estimates be for your own or any typical farm m your vicinit;y. " 14 FAEMERS BULLETIN Ul. The yields reported by the correspondents are somewhat higher than the averages for the whole country, which is probably because the correspondents who reported were above the average of farmers. The distribution of the cost per acre among the items making u]) the total cost is shown in Table 13. Table 13. — Estimated cost per acre of producing cotton in 1909 and 1910. Item. Commercialfertilizer Preparation Seed Planting Cultivation Gathering Ginning Rent Miscellaneous Total. Yield of lint lbs.. Value Imt, cents per pound Total, per acre Acres percottonfield Average value land per acre United States. S2.46 2.17 .51 .50 4.19 4.67 1.61 3.56 20.35 245 12.9 $31.86 30 S29.42 North Caro- lina. $4.96 2.91 .59 .53 4.56 4.92 1.83 4.50 .67 25.47 310 13.1 S40. 61 $30.60 Soutti Caro- lina. .S6.48 2.41 .65 .47 4.57 4.81 1.90 3.71 .81 25.81 320 13.1 $41.92 Geor- S4.05 2.40 .58 .52 4.41 4.82 1.71 3.59 .82 22.90 270 13.3 .$35. 91 22 $30.00 $26.70 Alar bama. $3.30 2.54 .46 .52 4.19 1.77 2.89 .75 21.00 265 13.1 $34.71 13 $20.00 Louisi- ana. $1.60 2.10 .65 .56 4.69 4.67 2.00 3.08 .87 20.22 13.0 $32.50 24 $25.50 Texas. $0.41 1.82 .41 .47 3.68 4.15 1.30 3.61 .56 16.41 12.7 $24.20 46 $35.30 Arkan- sas. $1.15 2.27 .50 .52 4.93 5.64 1.76 3.87 .69 21.33 260 12.5 $32. .50 21 $24.50 Ten- nessee. $1.23 2.13 .53 .58 4.59 4.90 1.50 3.89 .46 19.81 242 13.5 $32. 67 13 $30.80 Oklar homa. $0.04 1.38 .43 .41 3.09 5.60 1.50 2.96 .62 16.03 190 12.5 $23.75 27 $30.00 Note. — The yield and value was given in lerms of lint by 40 per cent of the reporlers and in terms of seed by 54 per cent . The value of by-products was asked on the schedules, but figures were given by only 75 per cent of those estimating in terms of lint, and by 22 per cent of those reporting in terms of seed cotton. The average value of by-products for those reporting was about $4.75, being $5.50 in the Eastern States and $3.80 in the Western States. The production of seed cotton by those so reporting was 725 pounds p&c acre and the value 4.2 cents per pound. On the basis of reported yields produced and the cost per acre, as given in Table 13, the calculated cost per pound would be as given in Table 14. Table 14. — Estimated cost ^ per pound of producing cfdton in 1909 and 1910. i \ ri^uori North Item. UnUf ^ South Caro- lina. Geor- gia. Ala- bama. Louisi- ana. Texas. ^Vrkan- sas. Ten- nessee. Okla- homa. Fertilizer Preparation. Cents. 1.00 .89 Cents. 1.60 .94 .19 .17 L47 1.59 .59 1.45 .22 Cents. 2.02 .75 .20 .15 1.43 1.50 .59 1.16 .27 Cents. 1.50 .89 .21 .19 1.63 1.79 .63 1.33 .31 CenU. 1.25 96 .17 .20 L73 1.58 .67 1.09 .27 Cents. 0.64 84 .26 .22 1.88 1.87 .m 1.23 .25 Cents. 0.21 .95 .21 .25 1.93 2.17 .68 1.89 .30 Cent^. 0.44 .87 .19 .20 1.90 2.17 .08 1.49 .27 Cents. 0.51 .88 .22 .24 1.90 2.02 .62 1.61 .19 Cenis. 0.02 .73 Seed .21 .20 1.71 1.90 .66 1. .15 .28 .23 Planting .22 1.63 Gathering Oiiiririf' 2.95 .79 Rent Miscellaneous 1.56 .31 Total 8.30 8.22 8.07 8.48 7.92 8.09 8.59 8.20 8.19 8.44 ■ No allowance made for value of by-products. See note to Table 13. THE COOPERATIVE MARKETING OF COTTON. Contributed by Ofp.ce of Markets and Rural Organization. There are probably more bales of cotton now held in the ownership of the producers than at any other time in the history of the industry, and it is also probable that this total will be very largely increased THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 before there will be any material iin})rovemeiit in the demand. The market, though much improved, seems still to be rather indifferent to cotton at the low ])rice that is ruling. Under present conditions the movement shoidd continue slow. Every })lanter who can do so is endeavoring to hold his cotton for a better market. This situation fui'nishes an opportunity for producers to cooperate in the marketing of their crops with exceptional promise of success, because, in the first ])lace, they have, perforce, plenty of time in which to get together. In the second place, they hold an unusual amount of cotton from which they can m any given locality make up even-running commer- cial lots, ready for direct shipment to the miUs or for export, or for sale direct to buyers. A buyer receiving an order from a mill for a particular gi-ade of cotton can usually accumulate the shipment from his miscellaneous receipts. This season, however, because of the limited demand, buyers are not taking everything offered as m ordinary 3^ears because of their inability to pass it on promptly. Therefore, when a buyer receives a mill order for a special lot of cotton, he will be glad to find it already classed out where it can be bought and shipped straight through to the mills, thus relieving him of the necessity of purchasing any cotton which he does not want, or examining a large number of bales for the purpose of selecting those which are suitable for hi.s order. It follows that however low the price may be, there will be a greater proportionate advantage this season than in ordinary years in classing out the cotton before offering it for sale. Farmers can secure competent grading service more easily than for many years past, as many cotton firms have reduced their forces, and man}' competent cotton men are open to engagement. No doubt compe- tent men who are regularly engaged can take the necessary time to class out the cotton of any group of farmers which may desire such service. It is not to be expected that farmers will be able, by combining their shipments, to deal directly with mills not located in their locahties. The mills will be especially careful this season to deal only with thoroughly reliable cotton fu-ms from which they can secure immediate settlement of claims. If the cotton of a group of farmers can be stored in a single warehouse, the problem of marketing will bo greatly simplified, for the material will be ahead}'' assembled for shipment when a sale is made. If warehouse space is not available, the cotton should, if possible, be put under shelter of some kind on the individual farms and kept clean so that there will be some uniformity of condition prevailing throughout the lot. If some bales have become stained or soiled while others have been kept dry and in good order, the lot 16 farmers' bulletin 641. will not be satisfactoiy, even though a,ll bales may be of the same grade. If samples are fairly drawn and carefully preserved, there is no reason why every |)rospective buyer should draw a fresh sample. The more effective the organization the easier it will be to negotiate sales, and it is suggested that special organizations can be formed for this purpose. Membership should be open to all producers of cotton who are known to be solvent and trustworthy. Responsibility for sales should be definitely placed in the hands of a committee with power to act under any given conditions or to sell whenever a given price can be had. Arrangements should be made for tlie deposit of the purchase price in some local bank for distribution to the various owners of the cotton as their interests may be certified by this com- mittee. The committee should have in its custod}^ samples of all the cotton held by the membership, with the class or grade of each sample ascertained and records so kept that all the bales of any one grade can be identified and ordered to a common sliipping point on the shortest possible notice. The Office of Markets and Rural Organization of the department will endeavor to give further direct advice to any organization which shows evidence of having taken such definite preliminary steps as are liere indicated. The few associations which have been organized on these general lines within the past few years have achieved a measure of success, which warrants the belief that if the present emergency results in brmging the farmers together in effective local selling organizations tlie benefits will, in a few years, compensate the growers for the losses which tliis year seem unavoidable on account of the European war. RELATIVE PRODUCTION OF APPLE VARIETIES. By Frank Andrews, ('hief, Division of Crop Rccordn. The relative importance of the principal A'arieties of apples in the United States is learned from replies made to a recent inquiry of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. Correspondents were asked what per- centage of a normal crop of apples represented the production of each prmcipal variety. Replies were made by 2,622 correspondents and were tabulate resent practically all of the food products exported by Argentina. Her production and consumption of dairy and poultry products about balance, but she is a small im- porter of ^ egetables, sugar, and fruits and nuts. Her total exports of foodstuffs equal 48 per cent of the amount retained. Canada. — The quantity of edible grains exported equals 129 per cent of the amount retained in the country, of meat products 8 per 22 farmers' BULLETIJvr 641. cent, of dairy products 12 per cent, and of fish products 94 per cent. She miports 6 per cent of her food requirements of poultry anfl eggs, 3 per cent of her vegetables, and 38 per cent of lier fruits and nuts. Altogether she produces 23 per cent more than she con- sumes of foodstuffs. Tablk ] 7. — Values of inijMifs and expoda wad estimated value of production of foodstuffs in couiitiies named. I Figures represent approximately conditions in 1912 or 1913. Values for the diflerent countries are made imiopendently of each othci 4. e., ou diflfereut bases— and therefore are not strictly comparable with each other.] United Kingdom. France. Russia. Millions of dollars. Per cent: Pro- duc- tion to re- quire- ments. Millions of dollars. Per cent: Pro- duc- tion to re- quire- ments. Millions of dollars. Per cent: Product. Im- ports. Ex- ports. Pro- duc- tion. Im- ports. Ex- ports. Pro- duc- tion. Im- ports. Ex- ports. Pro- duc- tion. Pro- duc- tion ' to re- quire- ments. :ni :j2(i 151 53 29 87 112 83 24 63 25 19 5 107 350 213 73 292 24 27 53 6-2 58 91 22 "0 166 540 52 31 1:3 12 2 13 26 43 15 25 8 23 16 2 11 14 18 590 540 193 39 251 58 77 93 98 101 80 101 102 91 13 10 13 1 i' 21 "35" 15 298 7 38 49 21 3 34 "2' 1,477 876 412 309 515 77 140 1 154 25 124 Meats 99 lio Poultry and eggs 119 104 81 132 24 44 83 "49' 24 I FLsh 6 11 27 2 92 100 Total 1,239 200 1,162 53 232 109 1,777 93 102 452 3,986 110 Germany. Austria-Hungary. Belgium. 211 63 28 53 13 54 "54" .53 730 833 333 107 5 714 82 93 92 67 99 48 177 28 19 6 6 15 6 15 "'"68' 4 5 11 6 1 32 6 6 52 058 223 203 122 424 49 90 99 100 98 115 100 84 230 53 88 183 11 8 5 15 5 "'is' 5 35 4 1 3 17 1 12 5 1 47 30 22 8 77 15 19 ■•-,;■ 24 81 16 Poultry and eggs 80 i03 2 62 48 143 79 272 1 4 41 63 222 160 24 Total 698 282 2,932 88 144 115 1,814 98 247 79 225 57 Argentina. Canada. United States. 3 4 2 101 66 2 163 234 26 249 136 100 100 95 78 92 6 6 2 3 4 17 18 9 3 4 141 15 21 ""2 5 240 120 172 50 70 20 1 229 108 112 94 62 5 194 88 19 40 16 4 20 48 217 130 20 48 100 148 147 4 14 31 4 766 1,986 800 650 554 250 69 123 .vl eats 106 120 Poultry and eggs 100 1 2 2 2 1 17 7 22 99 Pruits and nuts 94 Sugar 24 Fish 20 35 2 14 18 148 111 96 Other 79 Total 17 169 469 148 72 204 710 128 562 540 5,334 100 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 2S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE'S CROP REPORT. A cablegram from the International Institute of Agriculture, Rome, Italy, received October 27, gives the following report on crops of 1914: Tabi.e 18. — Report of International Institute of Agri-culture concerning production of sjiecified crops in specified countnes, 1914. Production in 1914. Country and crop. Production in 1914. r^ouiitry and crop. Amount. Tercent- agoof 1913. Amount. Percent- .age of 1913. PRUSSIA. Wheat Bushels. 91, 000, 000 334, WO, 000 82, 000, 000 410,000,000 121,000,000 30, 000, 000 122,000,000 Per cent. 85.0 90.6 81.2 90.7 87.7 103.1 90.0 SPAJN. Corn (maize) Bushels. 28,000,000 Gallom. 372,000,000 Pwnds. l,.i6S,000,000 17,«08,000,000 Bushrls. 2,697,000,000 1,478,000,000 1, 164, 000, 000 3,286,000,000 Per ceiit. 114 Rve Wine Barlcv Oats ... 98 9 ASIATIC RU.SSIA (10 GOV- rRNitENT.'3). ' Eiee 87.7 Wheat MPAN. Rice NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. Whefit (21 countries)... Eye (17 countries) Barley (19 countries) . . . Oats (16 countries) Rye. Oats 113.0 92.3 95.9 89.9 88.2 The September issue of the Institute's Bulletin of Agiicultural and Commercial Statistics estimates the total beet-sugar production in 13 countries for 1913-14 as 9,389,000 short tons, or 99 per cent of the preceding year (1912-13). This production is expressed in terms of raw sugar. CANADIAN CROP REPORT. According to estimates published by the Census and Statistics Office of the Dominion of Canada, under date of November 12, the yield of potatoes in 1914 w^as 85,672,000 bushels, or an average yield of 180 bushels per acre for the entire Dominion. The yield in the maritime Provinces was especially heavy, having been 213 bushels per acre in Prince Edward Isla,nd, 220 m Nova Scotia, and 240 in New^ Brunswick. The total for the Dominion last year was 78,544,000 bushels from 473,500 acres. The 1914 outturn of turnips and other roots is given as 69,003,000 bushels, compared with 66,788,000 a year ago; hay and clover gave a yield of 10,259,000 tons, against 10,859,000 in 1913; alfalfa 218,400 tons, compared with 237,770; fodder corn, 3,251,000, against 2,616,200 tons; and sugar beets' 146,000 tons, against 148,000. The average quality of all the above-named crops is high. 24 FARMEKS BULLETIN 641. The acreage sown to fall wlieat at the end of October in the 5 fall- wheat Provinces is officially estimated as 1,294,000 acres, against 1,184,800 sown last year. The bulk of the fall wheat is grown in Ontario, where this year 1,043,000 acres were seeded, compared with 898,000 acres m the autumn of 1913. In the three northwest Prov- inces the area sown to fall wheat has agam decreased, in continuation of a decline attributed to consecutive discouraging seasons for this variety. Alberta, however, is the only western Province where fall wheat is largely grown — 230,000 acres sown this year, compared with 262,000 last. In British Columbia there is an increase from 5,500 to 6,000 acres, or 10 per cent. The early harvest and favorable conditions for thrashing in the northwestern Provmces has enabled excellent progress to be made in plowing. On the land intended for sowing in the spring 92 per cent of the fall plowuig w^as completed in Manitoba by October 1, 77 per cent in Saskatchewan, and 56 per cent in Alberta. The progress made augurs well for next year's crops. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK, 25 CONDITIONS, YIELD PER ACRE, PRODUCTION, QUALITY, PRICE, WEIGHT OF GRAIN PER MEASURED BUSHEL, AND STOCKS ON FARMS OF SPECIFIED CROPS, BY STATES. Tablk 1^1— Corn: Yii-Id produciion, stocl's on farms, qunlity, and price, with comparisojis. Com. Yield per acre. Production. Stocks on farms. Quality. Price, Nov. 1. Stote. 19H 10- year aver- age. 1914, prelimi- nary. 1913 5-year aver- age. 1914 1913 1914 1913 191:4 1913 Per cent of 1913 Quan- tity. 5- year aver- age. crop. Bu. Bu. Bmli.i Bush.^ Bmh.i Bu.'- £m.i P.c. P.c. CUf. Cts. Cts. Me 45.5 39.4 728 608 694 1.0 6 9 89 72 90 86 80 N.H 46.0 38.5 966 814 967 1.5 12 16 90 70 85 83 78 Vt 46.0 38.0 2,070 1,665 1,792 1.0 17 43 90 66 80 81 76 Mass 46.0 40.3 2,208 1,944 2,041 2.5 49 44 90 75 96 82 30 R.I 42.0 37.0 462 402 430 5.0 20 21 89 75 106 107 108 Conn 46.0 42.7 2, 806 2,348 2,755 3.0 70 66 90 77 90 84 80 N. Y 41.0 33.9 21,812 15,020 18, 682 1.3 195 474 90 66 87 80 74 N.J 39.0 36.3 10, ms 10, 862 10, 157 4.5 489 519 93 88 80 83 73 Pa 42.0 38.4 61,446 57.057 56,524 3.0 1,712 2,463 92 84 77 76 70 Del 35.0 31.3 6,895 6, 206 6,089 3.0 186 265 90 84 70 57 61 Md 37.0 34.7 24.531 22,110 22,211 2.5 553 660 91 83 68 68 64 Va 21.0 24.5 40, .341 51,480 46,959 3.7 1,905 1,663 84 88 86 78 74 W. Va.... 30.5 29.2 22,326 22,692 20, 137 3.5 794 931 88 86 82 81 75 N. C 20.0 17.0 56, 700 55,282 47,884 3.5 1,935 1,738 90 89 91 90 85 S.C 18.5 15.6 36, 538 38,512 31,564 4.3 1,656 1,028 91 90 102 102 94 Ga 14.5 13.4 58, 957 63, 023 53, 482 3.3 2,080 917 91 91 93 93 88 Fla 16.0 12.2 11,008 10, 125 8,628 3.0 304 43 83 93 92 82 83 Ohio 39.1 38.1 149,440 146,250 154,651 3.7 5,411 7,848 89 86 66 04 59 Ind 33.0 37.0 163,317 176,400 186, 900 3.6 6,350 .10,965 82 86 66 64 55 Ill 29.0 35.5 300,034 282, 150 366, 883 3.2 9, 029 24,300 86 77 67 64 54 Mich 36.0 33.0 60, 912 56,112 .'i4,829 3.0 1,083 1,934 90 86 73 70 63 Wis 40.5 35.2 68,850 66, 825 ,56,346 3.6 2,406 2,097 91 91 68 60 58 Minn 35.0 32.5 89,040 96,000 76, ,584 3.8 3,648 2,580 92 94 55 53 50 Iowa 38.0 34.4 389, 424 338,300 352. 236 4.2 14,209 23, 761 91 88 61 60 .52 Mo 22.0 28.5 159,016 129,062 200, a59 4.0 5, 162 15,854 70 65 71 75 59 N. Dak. . . 28.0 24.6 13, 132 10,800 6, 938 1.0 108 88 88 89 60 47 55 S. Dak... 26.0 28.3 75, 504 67,320 60.509 2.7 1,818 2,672 87 88 56 58 49 Nehr 24.0 26.1 178,992 114,150 164,878 2.5 2,854 6,574 90 78 60 08 54 Kans 18.0 20.1 115,9.56 23, 424 129. 700 1.0 234 9,234 75 47 70 79 61 Ky 26.0 27.8 94,900 74,825 92, 543 4.0 2,993 5,472 79 74 73 78 (i3 Tenn 23.6 25.0 78, 725 68, 675 80, 767 3.5 2,404 3,267 83 79 73 80 67 Ala 17.0 16.0 55,488 55,360 49, 107 3.0 1,661 975 85 88 91 91 83 Miss 18.5 17.8 60, 606 63,000 51,103 2.0 1,260 796 83 85 78 82 77 La 19.5 19.3 39, 273 41,800 35,131 2.0 836 1,300 82 78 78 83 70 20.0 20.3 133,280 163,200 120,286 2.5 4,080 3,526 80 78 77 84 75 Okla 13.2 20.8 56, 430 52, 250 75, 412 1.0 522 1.630 67 70 65 74 60 .\rk 17.5 20.2 42,875 47, 025 48, 439 2.5 1,176 1,767 75 79 83 79 70 Mont 28.0 25.0 25.2 24.4 1,008 525 882 493 533 268 1.0 0.5 9 2 18 2 91 94 89 90 84 71 Wyo 65 82 Colo 23.0 21.0 10, 626 6,300 6,409 2.0 126 306 90 81 71 76 73 N.Mex... 28.0 25.3 2.492 1,.572 1,8.38 1.0 16 31 95 80 87 69 85 Ariz 32.0 31.0 576 476 457 1.0 .") 13 90 88 105 120 112 Utah 35.0 31.7 385 340 254 1.0 3 7 93 93 90 74 82 Nev 30.0 32.2 36 34 29 1.0 86 94 125 120 Idaho 31.0 30.1 620 448 362 .0 2 2 90 93 82 70 80 Wash 28.0 26.6 1,008 952 800 1.5 14 15 92 91 75 76 79 Oreg 30.0 27.9 660 598 542 1.0 6 9 84 93 80 73 80 Cal 39.0 34.0 2,160 1,815 1,745 2.0 36 29 90 86 95 86 88 U.S.. 25.8 20. 7 2,705.692 2, 446, 988 2,708,334 3.3 80,046 137,972 85.1 82.2 69. 7 70.7 01.7 1 Thon.sands; 000 omitted. 28 Table 20. — Potatoes: FARMERS BULLETIN 641, * Yield per acre^ prodvction^ quality^ and pncCj -ivith C07nparisons. Potatofts. state. Yield per acre. Production. Quality. Price, Nov. 1. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914, prelimi- nary. 1913 5-year average. 1914 1913 1914 1913 5- year aver- age. Bu. 255 161 160 153 165 140 145 108 106 80 78 65 54 52 70 65 85 95 85 60 121 124 114 86 45 108 90 80 62 48 46 79 80 75 61 70 60 140 108 120 103 125 140 130 155 128 97 138 Bu. 201 125 118 112 124 100 92 99 87 90 88 83 88 77 82 87 86 81 SO 96 100 99 87 74 96 84 ?7 66 76 74 80 88 69 63 65 72 146 139 122 84 116 152 157 161 141 121 132 Bu.i 32,640 2,737 4,000 4,131 825 3,360 53,215 9,936 28,408 880 3,354 6,890 2,592 1,560 700 780 1,105 15,010 6,375 7,440 44,044 37, 696 31, 692 12, 642 3,915 6,588 5,580 9,360 4,464 2,448 1,748 1,422 960 1,800 2,684 2,240 1,440 5,180 1,404 9,360 1,133 125 2,940 1,560 5,270 7,552 4,753 10,350 Bu.T- 28, 160 2,074 3, 175 2,835 650 2,208 26, 640 8, 930 23,320 957 3,741 9,870 3,984 2,400 800 972 912 10, 240 3,975 5, 750 33,600 32, 155 30,250 7,200 3,230 5,100 4,680 5,664 2,920 2,450 2,432 1,512 960 1,750 2,340 1,920 1,800 5.040 i;680 9,200 612 75 3,600 1,760 5,780 7,380 6, 750 8,092 26, 077 2,298 3,414 2,922 600 2,437 36, 288 8,438 22,653 946 3,383 8,137 3,889 2,349 816 928 918 16, 193 7,222 9,921 35,273 31, 625 25, 885 13, 227 6,034 4,797 4,217 7,231 4,148 4,000 2,691 1,245 801 1,457 2,691 1,604 1,919 4,215 1,094 8,161 644 97 2,722 1,369 5,232 8,636 6,408 9,375 P.c. 100 99 99 97 98 99 96 91 92 87 84 75 75 72 85 81 86 87 85 78 94 90 91 87 66 100 92 89 80 06 71 85 86 85 81 85 81 90 87 90 90 95 79 90 89 93 83 90 P.c. 97 92 95 92 93 89 86 86 90 88 84 88 80 88 89 89 90 81 73 • 67 90 93 93 74 60 92 89 77 C9 ;o 77 85 86 82 76 80 80 92 96 86 78 88 95 97 94 90 94 84 Cts. 36 56 49 68 70 67 43 66 62 92 67 72 90 88 132 116 120 58 57 67 32 32 33 57 80 40 46 57 78 80 96 110 95 110 108 94 107 67 80 75 100 110 62 85 47 62 64 60 Cts. 50 79 67 80 90 82 77 76 80 70 69 68 95 77 126 116 122 88 85 84 55 56 49 &2 94 52 62 74 90 94 98 107 104 110 112 104 98 56 79 61 110 160 57 75 49 58 52 68 Cts. 49 G7 76 81 SO 58 76 67 78 67 72 West Virginia 80 81 IW 109 Florida Ohio 134 67 63 70 43 42 45 60 79 North Dakota 53 South Daliota 62 71 88 79 81 102 101 96 117 Oklahoma 107 97 Montana 61 Wyoming 86 Colorado 61 New Mexico 103 Arizona 140 Utah 55 Nevada 77 63 Wasliington 57 Oregon 57 California 74 United States 109.6 96.6 406,288 331,525 356,627 90.9 87.8 54.0 69.6 61.0 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 21. — Siveet potatoes: Yield p^r acre, production, quality, and price, u>ilh com- parisons. State. Sweet potatoes. Yield per acre. 1914 I y-^. Production. 1914, prelimi- nary. 0-year average. Quality. 10- year aver- age. Price, Oct. 15. 1914 1913 4- year aver- age. New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georijia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Iowa Missouri Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas New Mexico Arizona California United States Bu. 100 100 120 125 92 95 90 85 87 125 110 100 84 100 84 105 110 105 100 93 90 90 101 102 95 143 200 161 Bu. 124 105 121 118 9G 95 94 87 84 109 101 96 98 92 91 91 9ti S6 86 S6 90 84 141 154 13S Bu.i 2,200 100 600 1,000 2,852 190 6,840 4,080 6,873 2, 375 110 100 672 200 504 3,174 110 675 1,128 3,564 182 8,000 4,600 7,221 2,310 90 78 560 160 336 3,066 117 657 999 3,771 210 7,737 4,508 7,111 2, 278 110 118 Ml 196 639 550 945 1,900 5,859 4,410 5, 130 5,2.52 612 1,710 250 675 1,600 6,650 5,390 5,100 4,000 384 1,800 437 941 1,997 6,014 4,979 5,007 2,924 352 1,813 966 1,020 806 P.c. 85 93 91 90 86 90 91 93 90 96 100 98 P.c. 94 91 91 90 90 8S 89 88 82 56,030 59, 057 57, 62S Cts. 70 125 50 100 75 80 78 92 100 % 100 125 105 no 85 Cts. 63 102 44 50 70 63 75 76 80 no 100 105 103 115 200 150 95 94 76 72 70 110 110 94 165 i25 79.3 78.0 Cis. 100 123 104 169 128 84 83 77 76 71 113 114 92 130 170 117 79. 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 28 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 641. Table 22. — Buckwheat: Yield per acre, produvLion, quality, and price, with comparisons. Buckwheat. State. Yield per acre. Production Quality. Price, No\ -. 1. 1914 10- j-ear aver- age. 1914, prelimi- nary. 1913 o-ycar average. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 1913 5- year aver- ago. Maine Bu. 23.0 27.0 28.0 18.5 18.5 23.0 21.0 23.8 19.0 19.0 19.4 21.6 19.0 24.0 17.0 17.7 18.0 17.5 17.0 18.3 15.5 18.5 1(1. 22.3 Bu. 30.0 25.6 23.6 19.6 17.9 20.2 20.4 19.9 19.2 18.2 18.8 20.7 17.0 18.9 17.2 18.3 15.3 15.6 16.3 15.1 15.7 16.6 14.0 15.7 348 27 224 37 56 6,302 210 5,824 57 209 446 774 171 480 85 71 1,062 298 102 110 31 18 16 67 416 31 200 34 51 4,004 220 5,180 51 182 531 798 174 324 92 68 900 297 99 84 22 20 10 45 423 29 200 39 56 6,766 247 5,894 65 198 443 792 178 406 94 79 1,051 297 125 116 25 17 12 45 P.c. S7 94 95 90 86 84 90 89 90 83 89 91 90 91 .91 80 96 90 92 £2 85 94 85 85 P.c. 94 93 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 90 90 SO 91 88 50 89 89 88 88 90 89 88 84 90 Cts. 55 75 80 75 100 79 82 78 75 74 81 80 75 75 86 125 74 76 70 89 as. 77 '""87' 100 100 fi 71 """75" 81 78 82 77 85 92 68 71 61 83 92 Cts. 72 New Hampshire 76 Verrnon t 85 90 Cnnnpf^tiriit 99 New York 71 74 67 Delaware 69 73 Virginia 79 74 Norlli Carolina 83 Ohio 72 Indiana 80 96 Michigan 68 W isconsin 74 Minnesota 66 Iowa 83 95 Tennessee 75 75 77 United States 21.4 19.7 17,025 13,833 16,597 fel.e 90.2 78.1 75.5 70.3 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. T.^BLK 23. — Fkusecd: Yield per acre, jirodudion, quality, and price, with co/nparisons. Flaxseed. State. Yield per acre. Production. Quality. I'rice, NoA -. 1. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914, prelimi- nary. 1913 0-year average. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 1913 5- year aver- age. Wisconsin Bu. 13.5 9.5 9.5 8.0 8.3 7.5 9.0 Bu. 13.2 9.9 10.7 6.9 8.6 8.8 8.5 9.0 10.2 6.8 Bu.^ 108 2,992 247 64 7,055 2,550 63 270 2, SCO 64 JSu.' 126 3,150 263 50 7,200 3,060 54 300 3,600 50 Bu.^ 118 3,315 221 96 8,535 3,842 24 316 2,988 40 P.c. 93 89 91 82 62 •SS 90 83 91 95 P.c. 91 SO 90 84 90 GO 90 86 93 Cts. 121 119 122 125 118 120 125 112 Cts. 118 123 117 102 120 118 110 112 114 as. 169 Minnesota 170 Iowa 165 Missouri North Dakota 168 South Dakota 165 Nebraska 137 Kansas 157 Montana 8.0 8.0 166 United States.. . 8.3 9.0 15,973 17,853 19,501 90.4 90.3 118.7 118.7 166.4 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 29 Table 24. — Tobacco, and weights of grain: Yield per acre, production, and quality of tobacco; weight per measured bushel of grain; with comparisojis . • Tobacco. Grain, weight per measured bushel. Statf. Yield per acre. Production. Quality. Wlieat. Oats. Barley. iyi4 1(> year aver- age. 1914, pre- limi- nary. 1913 5-year aver- age. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 10- year aver- age. 1914 4- year aver- age. Mqiiif- . . Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.i Lbs.i Lbs.i P.c. P.c. Lbs. 60.0 Lbs. 59.6 Lbs. 34.8 34.0 33.0 33.2 30.0 30.5 31.6 30.5 31.5 30.5 30.4 30.9 31.0 31.5 31.8 31.5 29.0 31.2 31.0 30.6 32.5 29.0 29.0 31.3 30.1 33.0 31.0 32.3 32.0 30.8 31.4 31.8 31.8 32.5 29.5 30.7 31.1 37.0 37.0 37.2 34.5 35.0 36.8 36.5 36.5 34.8 34.5 33.0 Lbs. 33.0 32.0 31.5 31.0 30.6 30.6 31.9 29.7 31.0 29.0 30.0 -31.3 31.4 31.2 31.6 31.4 29.6 31.2 30.4 30.4 31.6 31.7 31.6 31.3 30.0 34.2 32.2 30.9 30.8 30.7 31.0 31.2 31.2 31.3 29.9 30.4 30.9 Lbs. 49.0 48.4 48.0 Lbs. 48.8 New Haxapshire. . . Vermont 1,770 1,700 1,750 1,702 1,062 1,670 177 170 11,550 165 155 9,455 163 164 9,524 99 97 95 97 93 94 47.4 57.4 46.4 Massachusetts Rhode Island . . . Connecticut 1,770 1,300 1,059 1,194 35, 754 5,980 28,520 4,386 28,337 4,997 96 90 % 90 New York 59.7 69.0 59.7 60.0 60.0 59.1 59.9 69.5 59.5 58.7 59.4 59.3 59.6 59.0 59.2 59.4 69.2 59.0 59.0 57.9 47.5 47.5 Pennsylvania 1,450 1,317 47,995 46,680 57,351 96 91 47.6 47.6 Maryland 800 650 820 650 730 1,000 1,000 900 900 780 077 16.000 18,500 154,000 10,200 167, 500 33, 288 1,800 4,000 61,425 11,925 560 18,063 135,388 12,763 127,339 22,027 1,323 2,987 79,96» 18. 939 842 94 78 89 76 78 94 96 91 91 95 85 84 88 80 81 91 91 88 88 89 48.0 45.5 Virginia 738' 104; 000 746 8, 856 637146.250 48.0 47.8 West Virginia North Carol ina South Carolina 757 780 838 856 8S6 770 33,580 1,900 4,300 78, 120 12, 150 468 Georgia Florida Ohio 59.3 59.3 58.7 59.5 56.9 53.1 57.9 59.0 54.5 52.9 59.2 58.0 59.4 59.0 59.0 59.2 58.3 58.0 58.1 58.1 57.4 55. 4 57.0 58.0 56.3 56.1 58.9 58.1 58.1 58.2 57.8 58.1 47.5 48.6 47.0 47.9 Illinois 44.5! 4r,_S 48.0 46.5 45.5 40.0 46.0 47.8 Wisconsin 1,180 1,211 53,808 60, 740 47,807 90 89 46.5 45.8 .. 46 6 Missoiuri 900 822 3,690 3.315 5,578 90 80 ifi n North Dakota 43. 45. South Dakota . 44 2 45 46 45 45 5! 43 5 910 820 700 830 756 549 353,535 63,468 140 281,200 64,800 210 350,502 70,426 153 88 92 88 88 89 86 48. ll 47 9 Tennessee Alabama 46.0 47.8 MissLssijipi ( Louisiana 400 580 491 635 280 116 270 120 218 159 100 80 87 86 1 Texas 56.0 59.7 58.0 59.7 59.9 59.1 69.5 60.2 60.6 59.8 59.7 59.7 69.4 59.2 57.2 57.7 58.0 69.6 60.1 59.0 60.0 60.0 60.6 60.1 60.0 58.8 59.7 58.4 44.0 45 9 Arkansas 611 029 428 520 471 91 S3 Montana .... 37.8 37.9 36.9 34.6 35.8 37.0 30.9 36.9 35.6 36.1 34.4 48 0' 51 2 50 O' 50 2 49 ''^ ^ New Mexico 49.5 49.5 49.5 49.7 49.5 48.4 47.2 51 2 49 5 UtaJi 47 9 Idaho 49 Washington 47 2 .IR .I California 48 47 2 ] United States. 853.8 823.8 982,715 953, 734 996,087 &).4 86.9 58.0 57.9 31.5 31.7 46. 2[ 40.6 1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 30 FAEMERS BULLETIN 641. Table 25. — Apples, pears, grapes: Production and quality; price of apples; irith com- paHsons. Apples. Pear* Grapes. Production. Quality. Price, Oct. 15. Produc- tion.! Quality. Produc- tion.! State. 1914 1918 1912 1914 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 1914 10- year 1914 1913 1914 Per 1913 cent Quan- offiiU tity. age. crop. . Bu.i Bu.^ 5h.2 P.c. P.c. P.C. Cts. as.- Cts. P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. P.c. Me 95 7,400 3,000 5,400 99 85 87 45 96 60 SO 70 95 88 75 75 N. H 91 2,000 800 2,200 97 75 91 44 105 65 75 79 84 86 83 80 Vt 90 3,200 4,400 700 2,600 3,300 96 72 88 SO 100 €5 65 76 94 83 Mass 100 2,300 95 83 88 60 125 75 75 91 95 94 80 R,I 92 400 300 300 87 84 84 65 100 99 80 74 93 95 97 90 Conn 85 2,500 2,100 1,700 87 85 85 55 79 73 75 72 a5 95 86 82 N. Y 84 49,600 19, .500 44,000 88 73 85 40 89 50 53 68 86 88 89 58 N.J 92 3,400 2,100 1,700 87 80 76 50 78 63 85 67 84 84 95 7i Pa 88 23, 100 10, 200 12, 700 89 76 80 46 80 60 80 6.5 90 85 9(; 55 Del 88 500 200 400 90 78 88 40 00 68 60 64 90 80 98 68 Md 89 3,500 1,.300 2,000 90 82 88 41 75 60 80 66 90 83 95 55 Va 86 15,300 5,200 15,000 88 70 87 35 73 .50 73 54 89 70 91 60 W. Va.... 100 12, 400 1,000 10, .300 90 67 90 42 110 50 72 50 89 75 91 41 N.C 90 9,000 3,000 7,600 87 65 80 52 86 73 78 54 90 72 93 73 s.c 83 800 300 600 88 60 76 80 125 100 84 60 90 70 86 78 Ga 80 2,000 900 1,400 85 70 77 80 102 95 77 58 92 76 86 80 Fia 70 68 56 61 85 88 67 82 Ohio 65 13,300 4,800 10,600 83 67 86 60 100 60 91 50 Ind .38 4,300 6, 6(X) 4,200 70 72 71 70 65 65 65 64 84 85 86 77 lU 28 3,700 8,200 5,800 66 6S 74 75 65 ti8 63 52 85 82 80 82 Mich 82 17,200 8,900 17,200 84 74 85 40 60 43 SO 68 90 86 96 63 Wis 48 2,200 4, 000 2,000 76 87 81 75 68 80 80 64 85 91 91 92 40 15 700 1,600 1,800 7,100 700 1,500 75 68 '95 76 85 73 95 102 70 80 100 92 73 84 88 Iowa 65 53 88 86 88 Mo 54 12,500 7,900 19,200 72 56 76 61 73 45 69 45 85 71 80 69 S Dak 50 25 200 1,200 300 2,300 200 2,800 75 70 87 67 80 80 125 95 115 90 100 78 65 70 76 Nebr 60 52 88 81 73 Kaiis 35 3,100 2,700 6,700 71 56 77 90 100 57 64 .53 8,5 62 65 46 Ky 106 14,700 6,900 9,600 75 65 79 60 75 60 77 52 90 71 87 80 Tenn 80 8,600 3,900 8,900 84 6! 84 59 99 63 66 47 86 70 82 78 Ala 68 1,600 900 1,200 78 63 75 80 100 75 66 55 89 75 86 74 Miss 64 500 400 400 79 6.3 78 90 IOC 86 71 57 87 78 80 75 La 70 78 70 72 75 79 "ioo 95 124 100 105 75 65 62 62 89 90 85 78 75 75 H5 Tex 72 500 300 500 73 OTcla 55 1,500 1, 100 1,700 73 66 79 86 110 88 40 57 74 67 67 i}2 Ark 72 5,000 4,000 5,100 SO a5 70 70 85 80 65 51 80 77 75 84 Mont Wyo 78 900 soo 900 88 9C 95 90 120 75 80 82 95 83 98 86 99 85 103 82 130 €0 138 100 Colo 88 4,, 500 3,300 3,i66 97 96 65 98 91 102 72 N, Mex... 91 900 600 800 90 85 87 110 115 105 85 67 90 85 8B 80 Ariz 85 100 100 100 HT, 85 100 145 190 196 90 78 90 92 95 90 Utah 100 800 600 700 95 R« 91 52 74 91 94 72 96 90 98 95 Nev 75 200 200 300 85 9(- 97 100 165 115 85 65 95 90 95 90 Idaho 87 1,700 1, 400 1,700 90 87 96 " 105 85 75 76 91 90 90 87 Wash 89 8,300 6,900 7,700 92 87 94 64 90 65 85 82 92 92 94 9t Oreg 80 3, 600 3,500 4,100 8!) 88 96 70 80 59 75 78 92 90 90 90 Cal 91 6,000 3, 001) 5,700 91 80 91 70 100 75 87 76 92 87 91 79 U.S.. 74. .5 258,900 145, 400 235, 200 85.3 70.2 83.0 56.0 85.6 61.3 71.1 64.5 88.0 82.0 89.8 72.8 1 Production compared with a full crop. 2 Thousands; 000 omitted. THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 31 Table 26. — Cranhemes, sorghum, sugar mtie, clover sml: Production, qimlity, coiuliliou, and price, with comparisons. Cranb ^rries. Sorghum. Sugar cane. Clover seed. State. Produc- tion.! Quality. Yield per acre. Condition. Yield per acre. Produc- tion.! Price, 1.! Oct. 1914 1913 Itl4 1913 1614 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Ifjl4 1913 Me P.c. 80 87 Gl 100 25 P.c. 70 90 76 88 75 P.c. 92 97 96 90 92 P. c. 94 100 84 £4 100 Gals. Oals. P.c. P.c. Bu. Bu. P.c. P.c. Dots. Doh. N ii Mas= R I N Y 2.8 1.0 1.5 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.4 2.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 70 70 65 78 86 60 80 80 85 82 62 58 61 77 67 85 10.50 9.93 N J 93 59 91 86 Pa 9.00 7.23 Del Md Va 90 95 90 76 108 100 103 85 69 94 87 93 92 106 160 78 89 75 9.80 10.50 9.00 W. Va 10.00 N C 8.90 s c 85 86 86 82 84 88 Ga 2.5 2.8 95 i 80 i Fla Ohio 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.6 6.0 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.4 3.0 71 65 60 73 88 89 79 .55 SO 84 80 70 92 ^2 84 •89 66 fl 8.10 8.30 8.80 8.05 7.0O 8.00 8.30 9.20 6.47 Ind 106 90 98 100 6.49 lU 7.20 Mich 93 SO 95 80 78 . . .. 99 95 100 94 t4 6.90 75 75 85 89 80 {'5 90 63 6.90 8.00 6.M Mo 8.30 N Dak S. Dak 1 (iO 35 oO 86 S2 90 92 100 85 d6 84 90 90 70 84 "9.' 30' 8.ak.. .. 100 S. Dak... Nebr 26.0 22.0 13. .5 5.0 90 81 45 22 50 Kans 44 Ky 73 Tenn... 50 45 38 28 30 37 35 40 38 37 31 32 31 41 83 91 88 84 95 80 87 74 84 82 82 78 03 75 92 93 90 92 92 87 91 8.3 88 87 83 80 64 80 .\6 4.8 4.0 3.7 5.0 5.2 4.8 4.4 5.1 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.5 5.8 09 Ala 74 Miss 74 La 77 125 76 85 105 104 95 110 95 ""si' 40 76 75 70 125 54 *rex 31.0 20.0 25.0 20.0 27.5 33.0 35.0 50.0 27.0 13.0 29.0 10.0 22.0 37.0 72 Okla 53 Ark 62 Colo . .. 98 N.Mex Ariz 60 50 78 80 99 94 8.0 80 100 Utah 95 Nev 94 Wash.. "• :::::;:::: 87 91 95 90 90 Cal . 76 104 98 84.3 90 96 32.0 32.0 95 83 92 United States . 38.0 40.4 89.4 89.3 90.7 4.6 4.8 25.1 17,0 96.4 52.8 1 Production compared Mith a full crop. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. Tabt,e 2S.— Prices paid I o prodi'cers of farm pr^diut-", by iStatcs. [Grains, per bushel; hay, per ton; cotton, butter, and chickens, per pound; eggs, per dozen.] 33 j November 1. Cot stilt e,«. V.'he^t. dat.s. Barley. Rj e. Hay. on. Butter. Eg gs. 1913 Chick- .ens. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 iei4 1914 1913 Maine Cts. 117 "163 Cts. 'iC2 97 Cts. 51 61 54 58 60 55 50 54 52 4S 47 58 54 64 68 71 76 44 44 44 44 41 39 39 45 36 38 39 43 52 52 G8 63 or 47 42 55 39 48 47 62 65 40 45 33 38 40 50 Cts. 54 56 52 55 Cts. 80 80 90 97 Cts. 77 80 75 Cis Cis. Dolls. 13.00 15.90 14.20 20.50 21.20 20.70 14. CO 19. 60 14. 40 16.50 14.70 16. 70 17. 30 17. 80 IG.GO 17.60 16.00 13.30 14.10 14.20 12.20 9.70 6.10 10.00 14.00 5.00 6.00 6. 70 8.90 Dolls. 13.80 16. 50 13. 60 21.50 22. 30 18.50 14 60 19. 50 14.20 10. 50 15. .50 as Cts. CIS. 32 34 34 37 36 36 33 35 32 34 29 25 26 25 25 24 34 27 21 27 28 30 28 27 23 25 26 25 25 21 21 21 23 27 22 23 24 34 30 31 32 39 31 34 33 35 34 34 Cts. 34 35 34 36 37 36 34 36 34 34 29 26 27 25 20 26 34 28 25 27 28 30 29 28 24 28 28 20 27 22 21 23 23 29 25 25 25 35 32 31 34 37 30 40 34 34 35 35 Cts. 36 40 34 47 45 48 37 39 32 33 29 25 2-. 2:5 24 34 31 20 24 23 2' 24 23 21 20 22 22 21 20 21 20 22 22 23 19 19 21 35 30 31 31 4? 27 45 30 37 34 41 Cts. Cts. 40 14. 42 14.7 36 14. 6 4917.0 44 k;. 45 18. 38 15.3 40 17. 9 34 14. 6 34 13.7 1 29 14. 6 26 13. 5 27 14. 24 12. 4 25 13. 4 1 26 14. 1 30 16. 1 29 11.8 27 10. 9 26 11. 1 1 27 12. 24 11.4 25 10. 1 23 10. 2 24 10.5 25 9.6 24 9.9 22 9.9 25 10.0 23 10. 8 22 10. 7 23 13. 4 23 13. 2 24 14.0 2310.7 22 9.5 23 10. 3 3815.0 3512.6 3014. 6 31)14.7 34 17.8 30 12. 1 46 21. 3111.0 37 12.0 35 13. 3 Cts. 15.1 New Hampshire Vermont 80 82 95 no 100 88 »} .82 88 81 80 94 96 130 120 188 81 77 81 82 79 78 74 87 75 69 69 76 95 103 134 88 'ioo sr 107 67 68 60 82 115 75 110 125 93 72 72 73 80 72 80 88 98 131 "fiO 62 62 62 57 49 05 75 48 52 56 15.3 14.1 17.4 120 100 104 110 x04 108 103 109 108 140 12f "93 9i 91 8S 89 95 99 lOG 137 131 ::::;;:: 17 51 45 47 45 45 47 40 53 64 68 07 72 39 38 37 39 I'i 34 42 29 33 37 4" 51 55 67 63 50 47 4- 53 33 41 4ij 55 52 38 53 18.0 71 85 67 71 "02 16. R New J er.se V 17.9 14 H 13.6 60 65 15 3 Virginia West Virsjinia North Carolma South Carolina Geortria 76 77 85 ... . 14.80 14. 50 16. 00 16.70 18. OC 18.00 12. 50 7. 13. 1 .. ..!.... 6. 5! 13. 5 14.3 13.5 V) 118 135 132 139 6.6 6.2 12.5 13.4 13.5 15.3 14.5 13.1 17,0 ( >hio Indiana Illinois Michiran Wisconsin 104 102 101 103 10.1 100 9(1 99 97 or 92 94 102 108 127 100 88 87 84 87 81 7ti 75 85 72 71 71 SO 95 100 115 135 56 01 58 03 69 50 53 80 42 49 42 44 77 9") 97 56 52 54 58 61 51 57 58 42 49 47 56 78 65 80 12.1 13. 80 13.70 13.20 10.50 6.50 9. 6-0 13.90 5.80 0.30 8.00 12. 60 16.20 16. 90 14.80 13.40 12.90 11.80 10.10 13. 70 8.50 7.00 9.30 12.50 10.50 8.30 8.70 7.40 10.10 9.00 13.50 11 4 11,6 11 8 ""■■|"""' 11 4 10.6 10 S 6.2 11.5 10.7 Nortli Dakota 10 4 South Dakota 10 n 10 3 9 8 I 83 16.80 11 3 Tennessee .' labar.a. 101 138 162 97 108 64 50 57 17.00 14.00 12.20 12.20 9.30 8.20 12.80 8.10 8.30 8.50 10.70 8.50 8.20 9.00 6.90 10.00 8.50 7.70 6.1 6.2 6.1 13.5 13.4 13 5 11.3 12.7 1? 8 "56 48 "(io 62 66 60 60 45 75 76 76 "56 55 53 114 70 50 72 54 60 54 07 6.2 13.2 6. 2 12. 5 6. 12. 5 6. 1 12. 9 1.^ n Texas 97 94 10" 92 8C 81 10] lOC 81 loe 74 9! 95 lOC 92 81 87 63 72 74 82 110 65 90 62 71 70 91 10,6 Oklahoma 9.0 11 14 11 n 13 14 4 17 9 Utah 6b 55 11 5 ''I n Idaho 37 49 41 52 39 6f 65 53 70 70 89 95 60 57 74 75 I' 1 13 *> < )re"'on 19 q 4016.015.7 1 _.J United States. m.'i 77.0 42.5 37.9 51.3 64.7 80. 6|63. 2 11.71 12.20 6.3'l3.0 27.2 28.2 25.2 27.4 11.9 l__ 1- 34 FAEMEKS' BULLETIX Gil. Table 20. — Prices pair! to prodiicers of farm products, hy Stales— i'owiinwi'A. [Milch cow:3 and horses, pei' head; turkey;;, per pouud; others, per 100 pound.] October 15. Hogs. Beef cattle. Veal calves. Sheep. Lambs. Milch cows. Horses. Turkeys. States. ' 4- 4- 4- 4- i 4- 4- 4- 1914 year aver- 1914 year aver- 1914 ycai aver- 1914 year aver- 1914 year aver- 1914 yeai- aver- 1914 year aver- 1914 1913 age. age. asre. age. 1 age. age. age. OoZ/s Dolh DoUs Dolls Dolls Dolls Dolh Dolls Dolls DoUs Dolls. Dolh. Dolls. Dolls. Ofs Cts. Me 8.20 S.SO 7.45 7. So 7.40 7.30 6.75 6.35 8.70 8.40 7.70 7.48 4.20 5.40 3.80 4.65 6.40 7.00 5.65 6.48 55.00 60.70 49.48 56.82 195 170 19-1! 2i.O 168| 24.0 16.5 N.H 25.0 Vt . . 7.90 9.10 9 70 7. .50 9.15 5.60 6,90 5. 02 7.12 6.88 8.00 9.20 10 00 6.88 9.12 9.75 4.00 5.00 5.00 3.35 6.10 7.50 6.90 5.20 56.00 70.00 77.50 47. 25 51. 05 64.25 165 215 170 14.0 182 1S.0 15.0 Mas.s E I 9 lol s w .. io9 nl 9n /» IJ.OO 8.10 \).r.o 8.93 7.88 9.45 9.80 6.60 7.60 8.33 5.50 7. IS 11.00 10.00 10.00 9.20 8. 58 8.75 'i'so 5.00 6.57 3.87 74.90 66.40 77.00 57.50 53.32 61.15 200 175 175 201 176 174 26. 19.0 20.0 28.0 N. Y 7.00 7.25 5.75 14.4 N.J 22.5 Pa S.70 S.40 7.30 6.02 9.50 8.10 5.10 4.58 6.80 4.92 62.50 52.15 168 169 18.7 17.8 Del 8.80 9.00 8.00 s.oo S.70 7.75 7.30 7.55 5.90 7.00 6.10 6.70 6.10 5.42 4.92 5.28 9.80 9.70 8.40 8.10 9.08 8.85 6.95 6.98 5.30 4.00 4.20 4.20 4.60 4.05 3.98 3.90 6.90 6.90 6.20 6.00 7.03 6.58 5.70 5.12 58.70 53.80 47.50 51.40 47.00 39. 68 39.08 41.65 134 125 133 138 137 136 142 142 20.0 'is." 5 16,0 25.0 Md 19.0 Va 15.9 W. Va 15.2 N.C 8. r,o 7.80 5. 30 4.00 6.00 4.98 4. SO 4.20 5.70 4.90 44.00 33.05 150 149 14.7 14.2 S. V. 8.40 8.00 7.00 7.80 7. SO 7.50 7.25 6.18 7.80 7. 72 4.80 4.70 5.20 7.00 6.80 4.02 3.80 4. 88 5.78 5.40 5.20 6.00 6.10 9.00 8.40 4.80 4.65 5.72 7.98 7.15 5.00 5.00 5.10 4.40 4.00 4.85 4.35 4.18 3.58 3.50 5.50 6.00 0.00 0.50 6.30 6.22 5.28 "5." 50 5. 45 39.70 38.80 47.10 60. 10 54.90 37.25 33.95 41.02 51.28 47.10 156 145 140 147 137 177 157 151 162 150 15.5 16.5 17.0 14.9 13.8 16.1 Ga 16.2 Fla 17.4 Ohio 15.5 lud 14.6 Ill 7.40 7.62 7.20 5.78 8.50 7.28 4.50 3.85 6.30 5.48 64,80 49.42 138 152 14.4 15.1 Mich 7. SO 7. 55 6.40 4.98 8.50 7. 58 4. .50 3.82 6.40 5.68 59.00 47.02 161 170 14.8 16.2 Wis 7.30 7.50 5. 90 4.78 S. 60 7.42 4.80 3.80 6. 50 6.50 69.50 52.35 172 167 13.8 14.5 Minn 7.20 7.18 5. 60 4.42 7. (>0 6.28 4.3(1 3. 88 6.00 5.25 60.70 45. 62 149 159 13.4 13.5 Iowa 7.20 7. 40 7.40 6. 0(1 8.10 6.82 4.7(1 4. 02 6.30 5.42 62.50 51.08 149 163 13.1 13.5 Mo 7.20 7.35 6.90 5.62 7.20 6.28 4.30 3.80 6.10 5.05 56. 90 46.25 109 124 13.1 13.2 N. Dak 6. SO 6.85 5.80 4.58 7.40 5. 98 4.80 4.38 5. 70 5.52 65.80 48.00 134 143 13.4 14.2 S. Dak 6. SO 7.20 6.30 5.32 7. 60 6.12 4.60 4.18 6.10 5.22 63.90 48.10 115 132 14.2 13.2 Nclir 7.00 7.28 7.10 5.5t 8.20 6.55 4. SO 4.55 6.10 5. & 68.20 50. 70 122 128 14.1 13.8 Kaus 7.20 7.35 6.90 5. 45 8. OC 6. 30 4.90 4.70 6.50 5.72 64. 0(1 49.42 110 126 12.0 12.3 Ky 7.60 7.35 6.30 4.88 7.60 6.25 3.90 3.48 5.90 4.y8 60.00 38.45 119 126 13.0 13.7 Tenu.. 7.40 7.60 7.10 6.88 5.90 4.20 4.18 3. 20 7.00 5. 50 5.08 4.30 4.00 4.80 3.32 3.68 5. SO 5.70 4.50 4.68 45. 80 38.30 36.70 31.18 132 127 146 134 11.9 14.0 12.6 Ala 14.9 Miss 6. SO 6. SO 6.68 6.38 4.50 6.00 3. 52 4.15 5.80 6.20 4.48 .5.35 3.50 5.00 3.58 4.10 4.60 7.00 4.40 5. 12 40. 70 39. 20 30.98 32.68 108 101 120 89 14.6 14.5 13.2 La 14.4 Tex 7.10 7.02 5.50 4.32 6.60 5.28 4.60 3.98 5.60 5. 10 52.80 43.28 87 94 10.8 11.7 Okla 6.90 7.25 5. 50 4.,-0 6.70 5.60 4.40 3. 92 5. 50 5.12 55.10 44.12 97 106 10.5 10.5 Ark fi.4C 6.25 4.80 3. 70 6. 00 4.88 4.00 3. 42 5.00 4.40 42.40 32.25 98 110 12. ;i 12.9 Mont 7.20 7.80 6.90 5.92 7. 50 7.65 5.5C 4.85 5.70 5.52 72.00 58.82 122 136 15.8 18.0 Wvo 7.60 7.70 7. 75 7.42 7.00 0.00 5, 60 5.25 9.80 7.50 7.98 7.08 5. 50 4.40 4.20 4.08 6.60 6.00 5.48 5.48 83.20 77.00 61.28 54. 42 92 105 108 113 16.0 15.5 18.6 Colo 16.0 N. Mex 7.80 7.72 6.00 5.42 7.10 8.08 4.70 4.20 5.70 4.98 67.50 51.65 80 83 16.0 16.8 Ariz 8.00 8.00 6. 00 5.32 6. S{ 5. S3 3. 60 4.20 5.2(1 5.50 90.00 72.40 105 113 21. C 21.0 Utah 7.ro 9.2( 7.28 8.1.=^ .-. 80 7.00 5.10 5. 65 8.80 9.00 8.15 6.40 5.20 5.20 4.72 4.22 5.90 6.50 5.48 5.22 69.30 83. 00 50.30 65.60 111 150 114 132 15.0 23.0 14.7 Nev 20.0 Idaho ■-.. 6.90 7.42 5.70 5.38 8.00 6.82 4.70 4.08 5.60 5.02 77. 50 58.00 115 130 15.0 15.9 Wash 7.2C 8.15 6.00 5.45 8.60 7.88 4.90 4.32 5.70 5.30 75.00 62.35 135 146 19.0 19.8 Oreg 7.00 7.90 8.08 7.38 6.20 6.50 5.45 5.82 7. 50 7.90 6.90 6.58 6.00 5.10 4.60 4.60 6.50 6.00 5.00 5.35 66.30 75.00 54.70 55.82 100 120 114 140 16.8 19.0 15.2 Cal 24.0 r.s 7.43 7.37 j 6.28 1 5.09 7.97 6.80 4.81j 4.18 6.09 5.35 59. 53 47.42 130. 56 139. 9C 14.1 14.6 THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 35 Table 30. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, bij States — * 'outiuiied. [Beans, onions, tomatoes, peaches, and pears, per bushel; cabbages, per 100 pounds; grapes and hoiief, per pound.] Maine New Hampshire . Vermont.. Massachusetts Rhode Island . . . . Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylva-iia . . Delaware Dols. Doh. 3.1.5 Maryland Virgmia West Virginia North Carolina. . . South Carolina... Georgia. Florida . Ohio Indiana . Illinois.. Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee. . Alabama. . . Mississippi. Louisiana . . Texas Oklahoma . . . Arkansas Montana Wj'omLng. . . Colorado". New Mexico . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. (J'^egon Caliifoniia UnitedStates October 15. Beaus (dry). 2.90 3.40 2.90 2.75 2.70 2.5.5 2.70 2.70 2.40 'i. 25 2.t)0 2.90 2.2. 2..«0 2.25 3.00 2.45 2.60 2. .50 1. .S4 2. .35 2.40 2.75 2. S5 3.00 2. So 2.90 2. r-.h 2.50 2.O.' 2.50 3. .30 2.90 2.80 2.70 3.00 3.40 2.30 2.40 2.50 3.00 3.00 2. SO 3.00 3.10 2.40 2.75 2.50 3. 30 2.60 2.41 2.43 2. 5S 2^50 2.40 2.34 2.59 2.14 3 2.34 3.00 2.47 2.40 2.56 1.78 2.09 2.09 2.4 2. 8S 2.90 2.50 2.80 2.73 2. 36 2.43 2.23 Cab- bages. Cts. 100 130 2.70 2.91 2.09 2.80 3.30 2.78 2.45 2.30 2.80 2.90 3.40 2.80 3.00 3.00 3.20 90 75 150 45 75 140 150 125 190 160 170 200 200 310 140 140 160 120 125 195 195 180 275 235 ISO 150 200 200 230 270 250 260 225 300 155 225 60 Cts. 125 161 312 150 120 120 110 165 150 230 1& 199 201 235 220 2:50 190 240 240 110 90 150 2,S5 280 310 330 220 255 230 221 290 260 300 300 270 310 1.50 212 150 190 210 250 250 220 210 2i)0 195 150 150 200 160 149.. 130.7168.8 Onions. 1914 1913 1914 1913 Toma- toes. as. 99 80 6b 60 66| 60 60 65 85 110 150 100 110 94 140 135 210 a' so 100 64 85 85 110 125 155 125 115 110 105 90 120 100 85 140 125 115 1.30 165 40 140 130 llO 150 80 80 115 70 88.3 Cts. 105 108 100 117 114 100 103 97 95 105 Cis. 90 &5 100 100 80 65 51 40 67 29 92 47 90 60 112 6. 84 90 110 110 88 86 90 115 1.30 150 150 \ib\ 105 llOl 95 160| 110 110| 55 96! 50 1251 80 125 100 150 . 1.35 140 120 130 120 70 115] 100 1601 150 115j 95 150 130 120 205 150 80 150] 16.: 114 ISO 95 100 114 100 83 Cis. 80 124 150 105 120 100 75 49 1914 1913 Cts 100 150 13.'^ 110 130 100 125 100 110 135 100 140 120 100 110 12; 135 90 150 130 90 97 90 95 88 110 107 91 100 124 210 210 105 CU "iso Pears. 200 1.50 140 134 200 200 100 200 244 115 375 187 100 186 125 117 Cts. 100 110 150 95 100 88 78 50 82 2S 70 70 87 83 97 100 100 80 73 8.5 150 8.5 170 95 130.... 101 125 89 94 127 122 125 169 112 100 89 132 195 280 150 200 115 100 97 144 Ci.t Grapes. Cts. 11.0 3.5 9. . . 2.5 3.5 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 4.0 4.5j.... 2.1 1.1 Honey (comb). Cts 20 20 19 20 Cts. 19 19 19 20 25 18 14 17 15 13 16 14 17 14 12 12 13 16 16 15 14 15 15 15 15 18 17 16 16 15 14 10 12 11 12 15 12 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 12 12 Honey (ex- tract). 1914 1913 Cts. 36 FAKMEKS BULLETIN 641. Tabkk 'Vi. — PrireH paid to proihirers of farm products, by States — CcmtiniR'd. [Hay, per ton; seeds and soy beans, per bushel.] Maine Now Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts — Connecticut... New York New Jersey . . . Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia.. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia. Florida. Ohio.... Indiana. Iliiiiois.. Michigan... Wisconsin. . Minnesota.. Iowa Missomi North Dakota. South Dakota. Neliraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana iTexas Oklahoma. Arkansas . . Montana.., Wyoming. Colorado . . New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Idiilio Washington. Oregon Calilornia — United States-. . October 15, Tim- othy 1914. Clover hav, 1914. Dolls 13. 10 10. 40 14.00 20.50 20.00 10.50 17. SO: 14.50 10.50 15.00 18.70 18.30 20. 70 20. 00 22.20 22. 00 14.50 15.70 14.90 12.00 10.50 8.40 11.10 14.80 8.50 8.50 9.70 10. 401 18.40 18.70 20.00 11.30 17.70 12. 20 10. CO 11.50 10.30 20.80 10.50 12.30 10. ooi 7.00 Al- falfa hav, 1914. Prai- rie hay, 1914. Timothy seed. .\lfalfaseed. Cotton seed. 1914 1913 1914 1913 Dolls. Dolls.\DoUs I G.OO' 22.00 14.70 19.00 14.00 10.00 12. CO 10.30 19.40! 10.00 20.30 22.00 15. 40 18.00 19.10 25.00 11.20 13.40 13.40 10.30 9.10 8.20 9.70 13.20 8.00 8.80 10.10 9.50 10.20 17.80 19. 00 13.50 13.50 15.00 15.60 15.00 1.5. 20 . . . 1. 5.901 10.00 IO.20I 11.70 12.00... 13.00 7.00 9. 201 6. CO 11. 00 8. 90 15.00 11.00 13.50 9.00 9. 00 9.50 18.10 20.00 20.00 20.00 5.80 0.10 7. 8.00 13.00 12.00 14.30 14.30 12.00 10. 70 10.50 8.20 17. 50 8.10 10.50 8.00 13. 6G 12. 47 11.60 10.80 9.90 7.30 0. 00 9.20 12. 30 8.50 10.70 6.70 10.70 7.00 7.00 8.96 11.00 10.00 8.00 9.50 8.30 11.20 9.90 10. 90 10.00 10. 50 10. 50 7.70 17.00 7. CO 10.00 7.00 7,59 3.25 3.20 2.90 3.00 3.00 2.90 3. 3.25 2. to 2.80 2.00 2.50 2.30 2.50 2.20 2.95 2.40 1.75 2. 70 2.90 3.111 3. 10 2.05 2.70 Dolls. 2.71 3. 2,i 2.70 2.90 3.00 Dolls Dolls 10.30 9." 26 2. 29 9. 01 2. 50 9. 00 2. 35 9. 81 2.50 2.10 1.97 1.95 2.50 2.f>0 1.78 3.04 2. CO 2.05 3.00 2.30 3.00 1.05 2.34 1.80 2.02 8.70 8. 30 10. Oi 9..5C 8.00 8, 8.0t 0. CO 9.00 10. 5C 10.0 6.80 8.10 7.4^ 8. 5C 8.00 7.80 y.ii4 7. 50 5.40 8.70 9.00 9. CO 7.00 7.00 6.00 8.80 6.00 8.00 7.30 6.00 8.00 7.29 8. 59 6.25 10.00 8.00 7.00 8.00 6.30 7. SO 7.10 7.20 7.20 7.80 6.00 1914 28.30 18. CO 17.50 15.60 15. 00 1913 Dolls. Dolls 24. 00 25. IC 22.30 20.70 15.70 14.80 15.80 16.10 14.00 12.90 15. 20 24.20 22.00 21. -50 19.00 21. 00 15.28 21.40 20. 8u Soy bean ; 1914 1913 Dolls. 2. 55 2.50 1. 2.00 2.4C 2.25 2.1c 1.C5 1.55 1. 1.60 2.5i. l.i 2.25 3.00 'i'.ho 1.15 i'is 3.00 2.35 2.12 2.25 1.53 l.(,2 2.10 1.98 2.25 1.3 J 1.9G THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 37 Table 32.— I'ricen p(J.d to proclncfs of farm products, hy States — ConrliicKil. . [Nuts and seeds, per bushel; bran and meal, per ton.] T''rices paid to producers, Oct. lo. Prices paid by producer .<, Oct. l.i. State. Walnuts (black). Hickory Pe- nuts. cans. Chest- nuts. Bran. Cotton- r Clover seed meal. seed. Timothy seed. Alfalfa seed. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1 1914 1 1914 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 ' 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Me Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Dots. Dots. Dolls 29.70 28. 30 Dolls 29.30 27.80 27. 20 29.00 28.50 30.00 27.10 28. eo 27.30 30.00 27.10 28.00 31). on 31. 10 31.50 31.40 32.30 27.20 26.20 25.30 26.70 24.30 22.40 24. 70 25.20 22.40 22.80 23 80 Dolls 34.00 32.20 32.40 33. SO 33.20 31.80 34.50 33.90 1 Dolb Dolls Dolls 30. 70; 13. 00 12. .50 35.70,10.8012.06 .34.40 10.20 10.50 36.00 13.00 36.30'12. 00 14. 40 Dolls 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.20 3. .50 3.50 3.40 3.40 3.70 3.20 3.30 3.50 3.50 Dolls 3.30 3.4f 3.45 '3.'c6 3.62 3.24 3.00 2.92 3.13 2.95 3.15 3.2( 3.10 Dolh Dolls N.H Vt 150 200 27.60 28. SO 28.10 28.30 28.00 28.00 28. 10 33.50 29.00 2.S. 40 29.70 30.70 32.20 31.80 32. 20 28.40 27.00 25.60 28. 40 24.00 24.00 2.5. 10 24. 40 24.70 24.10 23.50 21.60 27.60 27.30 31.90 32.20 25.50 200 3.50 R. I 1 Conn N. Y N.J 300 50 162 It "lis 79 78 62 100 55 65 73 97 71 ' ' '03 CO 68 55 m 82 69 61 200 200 250 180 150 75 110 94 100 100 100 115 120 145 100 150 "iso 75 220 200! 1.50! 3.00 .3.80 2.50 3.20 3.25 1.80 2.10 2.50 1.70 2.20 2.50 '""3.'26 2.50 34.00 34.00 .35. SO 13. 00 14. 20 11.4010.20 11. 60 12. CO 10.60; 9.30 ' S.S3 10. 25 10.70; 9.70 11.00 10.50 11.20, 9.80 13.50 14.00 10.40 10. 8( 10. 2( 11.50 10.00 10.00 Pa 175 65 33.7033.30 34. ai|30. 00 32. 00 33. .50 31.10 32.20 34.00 33.80 29. 20 32. 30 25. 00 28. 90 26. 20128. 80 29. 60 32. 40 33. 00 33. 80 32. 70 33. 10 30. 00 31. 20 33. 70 33. 70 32. 60 34. ."^O 31.70 33.00 30. 30 32. 30 28. 00 31. 70 28. 00 25 00 10 10 Del 9 25 Md Va 50 75 80 90 87 50 60 68 69 50 75 150 76 86 82 50 125 125 1.30 110 125 95 145 103 3.00 '4.16 3.30 5.90 4.50 '4.' 66 4.40 10.10 11.10 11.20 8.94 10.30 8.50 11 67 W. Va N.C S. C Ga 9 (X) Fla 1 Ohio Ind 9.25! 7.3.5 9.901 7.70 9.90' 8.10 10.50 8.50 S.COI 8.30 10.5015.00 9.60; 8.20 10..50| 9.30 'i9 no 3.10 3.40 3.25 3.30 2.90 3.00 2.(« 3.30 9 40 2.84 2.85 2.80 3.00 2.70 2.05 2. 25 2.95 3 75 9.90 10. 10 10. 2( 10.30 9.60 12. 20 10. (XI 10.00 8.92 8 40 Ill Mich 8. .50 9 .50 Wis 9 50 Minn 100 90 51 9 00 Iowa 9 00 Mo 10 50 N. Dak 12 50 S. Dak Nebr 125 80 75 55 60 65 70 110 92 95 47 60 80 92 88 75 106 65 200 "ioo 95 85 85 75 ""75 70 80 150 135 130 100 89 100 92 88 79 1.50 75 6.50 32.00 31.30| 9.66l0.50! 2.10 31 4nss 40 19 no 10 on a no 2.50 3. .50 2. f 5 3.00 3.25 3.50 9. .50 8.80 7. CO 9.70 10.60 12.50 11.40 12. 00 10.10 8. .30 9.10 12.00 8.50 10.50 8 50 Kans Kv 3.75 3.75 5.00 5.20 5.40 3.60 3.96 3.05 3.00 ""2.'26 1.55 2.60 2.00 24.00 27. 80 .■^3. i6| 10.26 9.20 3.50 28.40 30.10.30.4010.60 9.60 3.20 28.90; 29.50 30.90|11.0o! 9.80 3.40 29.50 27 OoIm 8019 ^F.^^ m' i m 6. 10 9.10 9.00 12.00 Tenn Ala Miss La 30. 50 97 30 28.20 30.2010.00; 26. (50 31. 10 i Tex 65 85 60 28.00 30.10 23.50 27.00 27. .30 27.20 2(i.00 2:^.40 25.50 25 80 26. 20 32. 00 1 ■ 9 60 Okla 2.5.70 26.70 30.30 29. 60 1 6.00 3.20 2.30 8.50 Ark 13.2011.20 7.8011.00 9 00' 4.00 2.20 3.00 10 .50 Mont 11 50 Wyo 32. .50 35. 30 3.5.50 46.50 12 00 Colo 150 25.00, 25.50 29.80 8.00 N. Mex 32.60 32.70 37.70: 42.40 24.20 20.70 ,34. 00 39. 50 7.00 9.00 8.10 8. 70 8.70 11 on 6 70 Ariz 12 00 Utah 3.50 3.75 2.60 4.20 3.60 4.40 "2.'46 4 00 8 00 Nev 37.50 .33. 40 9JM¥) 35.00 39 00 10 20 Idaho 100 24.60 52.00 9.00 12 30 9.00 1"; on 9 60 Wash 26.70 24.60 25.80 24.30 29.80 28.80 14 00 Oreg 7.00 37.00 36.00 12.00 7.10 16. 00 4. 50 10. 80 in 90 10 20 Cal 75 10 10 V.S.. 68.0 68.8 111.7 117.6 4.08 2.40 26.71 26.52 29. 44 31. 94 10.32 9.32 3.19 2.85 8.97 8.73 38 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 641. Table 33. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Product. Oct. 1.5— Nov. 1^ Sept. 15- - 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 Hogs Beef cattle Veal calves Sheep Lambs Turkeys Milch cows Horses Honey comb Honey, extract... Wool, unwashed. Wool, washed per 100 lbs.. do do.... do.... do.... pei lb.. ..per head.. do per lb.. do do.... do.... per bu. . do do.... do.... per lb.. per bu.. do do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... per ICO lbs.. ...per ton. . do do.... do.... perbu.. do do.... per ton.. do per lb.. per bu. . do do.... per ton.. 3al do S7. 43 6.23 7.97 4.81 6.09 .146 59. 53 131.00 .135 .112 .180 .237 .68 1.12 2.40 4.08 .045 .56 1.05 .80 2.17 2.08 .79 .60 .88 1.31 13. 66 12 •17 $7.60 6.05 7.72 4.16 5.51 .146 56.47 138.00 .139 .116 .155 .226 .69 1.18 $7.70 5.36 6.90 4.19 5.42 .136 47.30 140.00 .136 .123 .185 .232 .66 1.06 86.09 4.32 6.15 3.68 4.68 $8.08 4.64 6.41 4.68 5.78 $7.33 5.99 7.70 4.27 5.64 .152 57.71 136.00 .141 .118 .156 .225 .70 1.27 $7.05 5.22 6.77 4.05 5.37 .144 47.38 139.00 .138 .120 .186 .244 .65 1.12 $8. 11 6.38 8.06 4.80 6.27 $7.68 5.92 7. 73 4.23 5.51 87.47 5.35 0.83 4.11 5.49 42.69 137.00 .137 .122 .155 .228 43.20 144. 00 .133 .119 .181 .258 59.58 132. 00 .137 .112 .136 .227 55.78 141.00 .138 .119 .158 .214 46.79 141. 00 .135 .116 .187 .238 Peanut-s Apples .048 .86 1.45 .96 2.25 1.96 .78 .73 1.10 1.69 .047 .61 1.05 .83 2.34 .046 .66 1.31 .97 2.27 .046 .77 1.23 .99 2.25 .044 .94 0.47 .64 .050 .62 1.37 .93 2.48 .049 .76 1.36 1.19 2.08 .0-18 .62 1 10 Pears Beans .93 2.20 1.57 .73 .79 2.25 1.00 2.38 Sweet potatoes . . .80 .62 .85 1.08 .86 .76 .74 .90 .63 1.03 1.50 13.54 12. 44 8.72 7.33 9.10 2.46 7.21 77.00 13.88 .2-U .90 .68 1.04 1.79 .89 .59 Onions Cabba!?es Timothy hay 1.02 1.58 .93 1.58 1.15 1.58 .84 1.04 .89 1.25 Alfalfa hav 8.96 7 59 Prairie hay Clover seed Timothy seed 8.24 2.34 7.29 67. 00 15.28 .191 7.00 2.02 6.96 102.00 22.01 .295 9.37 1.95 7.87 70.00 18.04 .222 10.33 6.91 8.13 4.03 7.33 2.C8 6. 36 100.00 22.46 .260 9.06 1.82 8.23 69.00 18. 57 .197 7.31 2.13 7.42 106. 00 21.07 .209 9.39 2.09 9.02 Broom corn Cottonseed Hops 121.00 16.73 .378 108. 00 26.86 .133 77.00 17.61 .198 Paid by farmers: 10.32 3.19 8.97 26.71 29.44 9.32 2.85 8.73 26.52 31.94 11.28 2.84 9.84 26.58 30.28 9.13 2.87 7.65 26.47 31.97 11.23 2.67 9.73 ?5.66 29.37 10.76 3.26 8.85 27.86 30.73 10.22 2.84 8.96 26.59 32.32 11.61 Timothy seed Alfalfa seed.. 3.06 10.52 Bran Cottonseed m 26.52 30.73 24.56 31.1*4 26.82 30.60 Nov. 1. Dec. 1. Oct. 1. Wheat 96.2 69.7 77.0 70.7 83.8 58.4 91.5 64.7 90.5 52.6 79.9 69.1 76.0 48.7 93.5 78.2 77.9 75.3 83.4 Corn do... 70.2 Oats do... 42.5 37.9 33.6 43.8 34.9 39.2 31.9 43.3 39.6 33.6 Barlev do... 51.3 54.7 53.8 84.9 55.3 53.7 50.4 51.8 56.8 54.8 Eve do... 80.6 63.2 08.8 83.1 71. 6 63.4 66. 3 79.0 64.8 70.1 Buckv.-heat.. do... 78.1 75.5 65.5 73.0 65.9 75.5 66. 1 78.7 74.1 69.7 Potatoes do... 54.0 69. 6 45.5 76.3 55.7 68.7 50.5 64.7 73.9 61.1 Flaxseed do... 118.7 118. 7 133.4 210.6 229. 4 119.9 114.7 127.4 122.6 147.7 Hav ..dols. per ton. 11. 71 12. 20 11.80 14. 62 11.95 12.43 1L79 11.77 12.22 11.76 Butter cts. per lb. 27.2 28.2 26. 9 25.2 27.1 29.2 28.8 26.0 27.5 25.6 Eggs ...cts. per doz. 25.2 27.4 25.9 23.5 25.3 33.0 29.7 23.5 23.4 22.0 Chickens cts. per lb. 11.9 12.1 11.2 10.3 11.3 11.4 10.8 12.5 12.5 11.5 Cotton .do... 6.3 13.0 10.9 8.9 14.0 12.2 n.9 7.8 13.3 11.2 THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK, 39 Table 34. — Rayige of prices of agricultural products at market centers. Product and market. Nov. 2, 1914. Oct., 1914. Sept., 1914. Oct.. 1913. Oct., 1912. Wheat pel' bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter. New York ' Corn per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mixed, New York i Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Rye per bushel: No. 2 Chicago Billed hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, Chicago Hops per ponnd: Choice, New York. . . Wool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston Best tab washed, St. Louis Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per pound: Creamery, extra. New York Creamery, extra, Elgin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh , New York Average best fresh, St. Louis Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York ;i.lo-$l. I2i 1. i:if- 1. 14" 1.22.^- 1.22J $1.01 -$1.14 1.02 - L16^ 1.13 J- L23 $1.01^$-! 1.01 - 1 1.13 - 1 .75 . 70 - . 76J . 75f . 71J- . 76 . 40 - .47^ . 47?.- . 48 .96'- .96 15. 00 -16. 00 . 33 - .36 .23 .31 .24 .32 .31i- .31^ .36- .55 .24i- .24 J . 14|- . . 42 - . 48?, .441- .481 . 88 - .96 14.00 -IC. 50 . 33 - . hO 6. 95 - «. 60 .29i- .33* .29- .3U .31- .55 .20- .24J . 14i- . 15J 18i 23i .31^ .82^ .83J .45 - . .44 - . .90- 1. 14. SO -16. .35 - . .25 - .31- 52 51J OOJ 50 .50 .25 .33 .30 .29 .30 - .20^- .42 .22i 0. 87ft-$0. 97 .87f^ .9&J . 90 - .99 .67J- .76- .39- .361- .<52 - .74i .70" .814 . 43i .41 .67 16.50 -19.50 . 40 - .45 .21 .29 7. 60 - 8. 80 .30.'- .33 .29i- .31 .32 .23 .55 .29 J . 15i- . 16i $1.03 - $1.13 102- 1. It 1.03- LOS . 62 - . 70 . 58:^- . m . 32 - . 34i .31 - .33.' . 67 - . 71' 10.00-20.01) .30 .3.J 7. 50 - 9. 00 .304- .32 . 29 - . 30 .34- .00 .22- .23J 1 F. o. b. afloat. 2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, iucluave; colored August- 40 farmers' bulletin «41. o U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 645 Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook. Chief. December 31, 1914. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Page. Yearls crop summary , 1914 1 Winter wheat and rye sowings and condition. . 7 The apple crop 8 Forecasts of average sugar and cane yields in Louisiana, 1914 10 Florida and California crop report 10 Onion and cabbage estimates 11 Trend of prices of farm products 12 -:\gricultural pro $11. 12 3 $12. 43 3 $11. 79 5 9.8 M2.8 5 10.8 ^6.8 r, 12. 2 ^n.<3 3 $5. 43 3 $5. 69 3 $5. 84 Dollars. 1,702,599 1.692,092 1.-520,454 675, 623 433,995 323, 572 203, 057 176, 127 231,708 878, 680 610. 122 555, 280 499, 431 439, 596 4.52,469 105,903 95, 731 112,957 37, 018 26. 220 23,6.36 12, 892 10, 445 12, 720 19,540 21,399 32, 202 21,849 22,090 23,423 198, 609 227, 903 212,550 41,294 42,884 40,264 779,068 797,077 856, 695 101,411 122, 481 104, 063 519,616 825,395 781,829 27,950 32,230 30,521 4,945,856 4, 965, 665 4,759,063 ' Bushels of weight. 2 Tons (2,000 lbs.). 3 Per ton. < Pounds. <> Per pound. * Bales of 500 jiouiids gross weight, excluding linters. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. O Table 2. — Production of important crops in the leading five States, 191 4-. Corn. Winter v/heat. Spring v/heat. A_ll wheat. State. Produc- tion. (000 omit- ted.) P.ct. of U. S. State. Produc- tion. (000 omit- ted.) P.ct. of U. S. State. Produi- tion. (000 omit- ted.) P.ct. of U.S. Stat". Produc- tion. (00(1 omit- ted.) P.ct. of U. .S. U.S Bushels. 2, 672, 804 100.0 U.S Kansas. . . Nebraska Okla Illinois. . . Missouri . 5 States - Bush. 684,990 100.0 U. S.... N. Dak. Minn.... S. Dak.. Wash... Mont 5 States Bush. 206,027 100.0 U.S.... Kansas . N. Dak.. Nebr. . . . Okla.... Illinois.. 5 States Bush. 891,017 100.0 Iowa Illinois. .. Nebraska. Indiana . . Missouri. . 389, 424 300, 034 173,950 163,317 158, 400 14.6 11.2 6.5 6.1 5.9 176, 300 64, 172 47,975 46, 250 43,333 25.7 9.4 7.0 6.8 6.3 81,592 42,000 30, 600 16,400 7, 293 39.6 20.4 14.9 8.0 3.5 177, 200 81, 592 68, 116 47, 975 46,250 19.9 9.2 7.6 5.4 5.2 5 States. 44.3 55.2 86.4 47.3 Oats. Barley. Rye. Buckwheat. U. S 1,141,060 100.0 U. S California Minn N. Dak.. S. Dak... Wis 194,953 1 100.0 U. S.... Wis Mich. . . . Minn Pa N. Y.... 42, 779 100.0 U.S.... N. Y... Pa Mich W. Va.. Va 5 States 16,881 100.0 Iowa Illinois. .. Minn Nebraska. N, Dak. . . 165,000 125, 990 85, 120 69, 600 (54, 904 14.5 11.0 7.5 6.1 5.7 42,060 21.6 31, 694 16. 3 2S, 275 14. 5 19, 550 10. 18,428 9.5 6,798 5,936 5,245 5,040 2,283 15.9 13. 9. 12.3 11.8 5.3 6, 302 5,740 1,054 774 446 .37.3 34.0 6.2 4.6 2.6 5 States 44.8 5 States. 71.9 5 States 1 59.2 1 1' 84.7 i ! i . \ .. . Flaxseed. Potatoes. Sweet potatoes. Hay. U.S 15, 559 100.0 u. s N. Y Mich Wis Maine Minn 5 States. 405,921 100.0 U.S.... N.C... Oa Ala Texas. . . La 5 States. 56,574 100.0 U. S N. Y.... Cal Wis Iowa Pa 5 States. Tons. 70,071 100. N. Dak... Minn Mont S.Dak.... Kansas... 6,972 2,930 2,560 2,400 270 44.8 18.8 16.5 15. 4 1.7 53,215 44,041 37,696 33,800 30, 780 13.1 10.9 9.3 8.3 7.6 6,840 12.1 6,715 11.9 5, 859 ' 10. 4 5,252 1 9.3 5, 133 1 9. 1 5, 584 5,265 4,462 4,071 4,020 8.0 7.5 6.4 5.8 5.7 5 States 97.2 49.2 52.8 '33.4 Tobacco. Rice. Cotton (bales, 500 lbs. gross). Sugar beets. ' U.S Pounds. 1,034,679 jlOO.O U. S La Texas Ark Cal S. C 5 States. 23,649 100.0 U. S.... Texas... Georgia. Ala S. C Miss 5 States Bales. 15, 966 100.0 U. 8.... Colo Cal Mich Utah.... Idaho . . . 5 States Toils. 5,147 100.0 Ky N.C Va Ohio Tenn 364, 000 i 3.5. 2 172,250 i 16.6 113,750 i 11.0 78, 120 1 7. 6 63, 468 6. 1 10, 802 8,102 3,685 800 179 45.7 34.3 15.6 3.4 .8 4,560 2,650 1,690 1,600 1,275 28.6 16.6 10. (■) 9.4 8.0 1,552 996 915 571 260 30.2 19.4 17.8 11.1 5.1 5 States 76.5 99.8 73.2 83.6 1 (See map on page 45.) 6 FAKMEES' BXILLETIN 645. ESTIMATED VALUE OF ALL CROPS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS. The total value of all crop production this year is slightly less than in 1913, on account of the reduced value of the cotton crop, in spite of the high values of the corn and wheat crops, which gain less than the cotton crop loses. The estimated value at the farm of all crop? for which the census of 1910 reported values reaches the great total of $6,044,480,000, which is an amount that is $88,279,000 below the total for 1913. Except for 1913, the total crop value of 1914 is $200,000,000 above the highest total heretofore reached, which was in the great production year of 1912. On the other hand, the estimated value of the animal products of the farm in 1914 is distinctly higher than in 1913, which was itself a record year in the value of this class of products. This is due to general but slight increases in production, except for sheep and swine, and in prices, more especially to a small increase in the aver- age farm price of eggs, and to a more considerable increase in tlie farm price of cattle and calves sold and slaughtered. The total estimated value of the animal products of the farm and of the farm animals sold and slaughtered in 1914 is placed at $3,828,456,000. Tliis amount is 38.8 per cent of the total value of ail farm products, a fraction of the total that has not been equaled as far back as estimates go, to 1897, except for the year 1910, when the percentage was 39.3. The grand total value of all crops, farm animal products, and farm animals sold and slaughtered in 1914, according to the detailed esti- mates that have been made, is $9,872,936,000. This amount is $83,000,000 above the grand total for 1913, which was itself greatly above the highest total previously reached. It must l)e Ijorne in mind that the amounts of these estimates do not stand for net wealth produced, nor for cash received, nor for profit, nor for income in any sense. Each product is valued, as in the census, when it reaches commercial form, and the grand aggre- gate of all items is to be regarded as an index number, or from a rela- tive rather than from an absolute point of view. If the farm value of all farm products in 1899, as ascertained by the census, is regarded as equivalent to 100, the combined value of all farm products in 1914 stands at 209.3, or more than twice the value of all farm prod- ucts 15 years ago, or a relative number a little greater than that of 1913 and very perceptibly greater than the highest relative number attained before that year. (See Table 3.) Last year (1913) the sales of crops were estimated at $2,928,000,000; sales of live stock, $2,919,000,000; a total of $5,847,000,000. The estimated value of total sales per farm v/as $892, and sales per capita of rural popula- tion (excluding towns), $139. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Table 3. — Estimated value of farm products. [Based on prices at tho farm; 000 omitted from values.] Total, gross. Index numbers. Crops. Animals and aaimjd products. Year. 1899=100.0. Value. Percent- age of total. Value. Percent- age of total. S2, 212, 541 2, 400, 107 3,960,822 4, 338, 946 4,717,070 5,009,595 5,302,120 5,594,645 5,887,170 6,121,778 0,273,997 6, 764, 210 7,487,989 7,890,626 8,498,311 0,037,391 8,819,175 9,342,790 9, 789, 625 9,872,936 1897 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1898 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1899 (census) ' 84.0 92.0 100.0 106.2 112.4 118.6 124.8 129.8 133.0 143.4 158. 7 167.3 180.2 191.6 187.0 198.1 207.5 209.3 $2,519,083 2,759,570 2,998,704 3,191,942 3,385,179 3,578,416 3,771,654 3,981,676 4,012,053 4,263,134 4,761,112 5,098,293 5,487,161 5,486,374 5,562,058 5,842.220 6, 132, 759 6,044,480 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.7 (3.8 64.0 64.1 65.0 64.0 63.0 03.0 64.6 64.6 60.7 63.1 62.5 62.6 61.2 SI, 441, 739 1,579,376 1,718,366 1,817,653 1,916,941 2,016,229 2,115,516 2, 140, 102 2,201,344 2,501,076 2,720,877 2,792,333 3,011,150 3,551,017 3,257,117 3,500,570 3,656,866 3, 828, 456 36.4 36.4 36.4 1900 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1901 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1902 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1903 (Dept. of Agi-iculture) 1904 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1905 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1906 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1907 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1908 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1909 (census) 36.3 36.2 36.0 35.9 35.0 36.0 37.0 36.4 35.4 35.4 1910 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1911 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1912 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1913 (Dept. of Agriculture) 1914 (Dept. of Agriculture) 39.3 36.9 37.5 37.4 38.8 1 In the census for 1899 !S974,940,61G of crops -were fed to live stock, and the value of animal products and crops not fed was ?3,742,129,357. The ocoau freight rates quoted on wheat from New York to Liver- pool had reached 14.7 cents per bushel in December, 1914; about tho last of July, 1914, the quoted rate was 8.9 cents, which itseK was abnormally high. The highest average of December quotations since 1904, on wheat from New York to Liverpool, was 9.8 cents per bushel in 1912 and the lowest was 2.6 cents in 1906. WINTER WHEAT AND RYE SOWINGS AND CONDITION. The area sown to winter wheat this fall is 11.1 per cent more than the revised estimated area sown in the fall of 1913, equivalent to an increase of 4,135,000 acres, the indicated total area being 41,263,000 acres. The condition of the winter- wheat crop on December 1 is estimated at 88.3 per cent of a normal, which compares with 97.2 per cent a year ago. Li the past 10 years the condition on December 1 has averaged 90.3 per cent and the outturn of the crops has averaged about 14.4 bushels per acre on the planted a*rea. Li the same pro- portion, the condition of 88.3 would forecast a yield of about 14.08 bushels, which, on the estimated acreage planted, amounts to 580,000,000 bushels. Unusually dry fall and scattering evidences 8 FAEMEES' BULLETIN Uo. of the presence of Hessian % in the wheat are the main causes for below-average conditions on December 1. The production in 1914 was estimated as 684,990,000 bushels (by far the largest amount ever produced in one year), and in the pre- ceding five yeai-s the average annual production was 441,000,000 bushels. In forecasting this quantity of 580,000,000 bushels, it should be considered as the amount, of which the probability is equal that the outturn will be either above or below it. The crop will be larger or smaller than this amount according as the changes in conditions from now to harvest are better or worse than average changes. The area sown to rye this fall is 2.8 per cent more than the revised estimated area sown in the fall of 1913, equivalent to an increase of 78,000 acres, the indicated total area being 2,851,000 acres. The condition on December 1 was 93,6, against 95.3 and 93.5 on December 1, 1913 and 1912, respectively, and a 10-year average of 93. Detailed estimates by States for winter wheat and rye are given in Table 32, page 37. The average yields per acre of the principal grains in the northern hemisphere were generally lower in 1914 than in 1913. Considering 19 countries as one region, their wheat yielded 13.8 bushels per acre in 1914 and 15.3 in 1913; while oats yielded 29.3 and 33.2 bushels per acre, respectively. Barley, for 18 countries, averaged 20.1 bushels in 1914 and 22.3 the year before; Avhile the averages for rye in 15 countries were 15.8 and 16.3, respectively. These averages were taken from the October (1914) Bulletin of Agricultural and Commercial Statistics of the International Institute of Agricidture. THE APPLE CROP. The apple crop of 1914 is probably the largest ever produced in the United States, being estimated at 259,000,000 bushels, as com- pared with 145,000,000 bushels in 1913; about 235,000,000 bushels in 1912; 214,000,000 in 1911; 142,000.000 in 1910; and 146,000,000 in 1909, as reported b}^ the census. These figures represent the total ''agricultural" crop and should not be confused with figures representing estimates of the "commercial" crop, which comprises only the marketed portion of the total production. In 1913 the commercial crop was estimated at 40 per cent of the total agricultural production. The census report of 146,000,000 bushels in 1909 is the basis of yearly estimates of total production, being used in con- nection with crop reporters' estimates of percentage of a full crop produced each year. THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. Detailed estimates by States are given below: Table 4. — Apples: Estimated production, and price Nov. 15, 1909-1914- [Thousands; 000 omitted.] Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States... 1911 Bush. 6,800 I 1,600 i 2,2.50 \ 3,000 400 2,400 1 39.000 i 3,100 i 20, .500 300 2,600 7,200 7,800 3,000 470 800 18, 700 8,900 10,600 12,300 3,000 1,300 9,500 11,600 240 .3,600 2,400 6,100 2,900 700 240 200 1,050 3,000 900 20 2,700 680 110 460 100 1,200 3,500 1,500 4,700 214,020 CIS. 60 75 75 90 50 66 55 50 .50 48 75 70 80 130 110 .50 60 55 62 85 100 75 58 105 95 8-5 100 110 110 115 115 105 114 117 100 100 160 102 108 100 1910 1909 Bush. 3,. 550 1,800 2,700 2,900 300 1,800 17,000 1,700 11,600 350 2,700 12, 100 7,100 7,200 740 1,400 .5,900 4,900 800 4,200 400 150 200 7,600 30 1,400 6,600 5,300 5,200 1,000 330 400 1,200 2,700 420 10 1, .500 340 100 410 160 1,250 5,800 3,800 4,600 73.1 141,640 Cts. 80 75 92 70 70 85 105 100 90 80 110 100 110 151 121 80 130 95 70 90 85 90 100 130 104 100 120 110 140 190 150 93 80 100 90 73861°— Bull. 64,5— 14- 10 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 645. Table 5. — Apples: Comparative prices, cents per bushel, paid to producers of United States, 15th of each month, 1910-1914. Year. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Juno. 1910 lOfi 116 93 74 111 Ill 119 99 78 123 114 125 104 S2 120 114 1.39 115 85 137 1?7 140 129 94 146 112 1910 n 77 95 82 86 91 74 73 68 75 69 74 70 62 76 62 G6 61 SB 5G 89 73 64 94 57 100 86 73 104 135 1911 12 108 1912 13 101 1913-14 130 1914 FOREC.4STS OF AVER.4GE SUGAR AND CANE YIELDS IN LOUISIANA, 1914. Reports from several leading factories in different parts of the sugar region of Louisiana indicate average yields of sugar per ton of cane considerably higher in 1914 than in any recent year. Individual reports for the first two weeks of the current season (1914) showed mcreases over the first tvv^o weeks of 1913 ranging from 6 to 16 per cent, the average for the reportmg factories being about 8 per cent. While this is not to be accepted as an average for the entire State, it mdicates a general mcreasein 1914 over 1913 and 1912. In 1913 the average yield of sugar per ton of cane was 139 pounds, in 1912 it was 142, and in 1911 only 120 pounds. This gam in sugar content of cane is largely offset by a dcchnc in average yield of cane per acre. A prehminary estimate for 1914 mdi- cates an average yield of about 15 tons per acre; in 1913 the average vras 17 tons; in 1912, 11 tons; and m 1911, it was 19 tons per acre. The estimates for 1914 are preliminary; the final figures, which are determined after the end of the sugar-making season, may be higher or lower than the ones now given. FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table C. — Crops in Florida and California. Crop. Oranges, production ' Oranges, quality Lemons, production • Lemons, quality Limes, production ' Grapefruit, production > Grapefruit, quality Oliver:, production i X'elvet iieans, production ' Grapes: For table- Yield per acre pounds. Production i Quality Florida. 1914 1913 1912 85 100 91 1 Compared witb a full crop. 125 95 100 75 105 97 California 1914 1913 1912 ,000 91 93 5,800 S3 92 04 4,800 89 91 THE AGRICULTURAL OLTTLOOK, 11 ONION AND CABBAGE ESTIMATES. The production of onions this year in the eleven important onion- growing States is estimated at 15,572,744 bushels, as compared with 13,328,750 last year, an increase of nearly 17 per cent. The States included in this estimate are Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, In- cUana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Mmnesota, Iowa, Colorado, Oregon, and CaUfornia. These States produced 60.2 per cent of the total onion crop in the census year 1909, The total area in onions on farms reporting 1 acre or more in the census year 1909 was 47,620 acres, and the 25 counties of largest pro- duction included 22,940 acres, or 48.2 per cent, which approximately represents the commercial area under onions in the United States. The production of cabbage this year in six important cabbage- producing States is estimated at 680,160 tons, as compared with 520,413 last year, an increase of about 29 per cent. These six States, New York, Ohio, Micliigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa, produced 48.8 per cent of the total crop of the United States m the census year 1909. The total area in cabbage on farms reporting 1 acre or more in the census year 1909 was 125,896 acres, and the 80 counties of largest production included 65,105 acres, or 51.7 per cent, which approxi- mately represents the commercial area in the United States, but it must be understood that a very considerable percentage of the prod- uct of this area is taken for manufacture into ki'aut, and is not, there- fore, offered for sale as cabbage. Detailed estimates, by States, are given below. Table -Onions: Acreage, yield per acre, and productio)i in Slates of surplus pro- duction. Acres. Yield per acre. 1013 Production. 1914 Massacliusetts. New York Ohio In'liana Michip;an Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Colorado Oreeon California Total.... Average , 4,3.^0 7,S74 T, 16.''. 6,065 1,233 1,700 1,099 849 762 721 7,250 3,849 6,885 7, 1C5 6,065 1,028 1,771 1,057 849 762 650 7,327 Bushels. 460 458 400 325 369 313 324 360 350 354 400 Bushclx. 336 414 357 325 418 280 341 290 295 435 355 Bushels. 2,001,000 3,468,892 2,866,000 2, 166, 125 454,977 .532, 100 3.56,076 305,610 266, 700 255, 234 2,900,000 39,368 38,008 396 15,572,744 Bushels. 1,391,554 2, 852, 199 2,558,928 1,989,499 429,416 495,603 360, 134 246,003 224,. 589 282,910 2,597,915 13,328,750 12 FAEMEHS' BULLETIN 6i5. Table 8. — Cabbage: Acreage, yield, and production in States of surplus production. State. Acres. 1 Yield per acre. Production. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1 1914 1913 New York 46,209 8,155 6,833 14, 849 2,840 2, 129 46,209 7,767 4,988 12,912 2,705 2,129 Tons. 8.0 10.0 7.5 9.6 9.0 4.0 Tons, i Tons. 5.6 1 369,672 8.9 ; 81,550 9.0 '■ 51,248 9.3 1 142,550 9.1 25,560 3.2 j 9,580 Tons. 260,945 69,318 44,914 Ohio Michigan 119,742 24,668 6,826 Minnesota Iowa Total.. .. 81,015 76,710 1 Average 8.4 6.9 1 680,160 526, 413 TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The IcTcl of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops decreased about 3.6 per cent during November; in the past 6 years the price level has decreased during November 2.5 per cent. On December 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 7.9 per cent lower than a year ago, 10.8 per cent higher than 2 years ago, and 0.9 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 yeai*s on December 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals decreased 4.9 per cent during the month from October 15 to November 15. This compares with an average decline from October 15 to November 15 in the past 4 years of 4 per cent. On November 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.80 per 100 pounds, which compares with $6.94 a year ago, S6.45 2 years ago, $5.44 3 years ago, and $6.47 4 years ago on November 15. A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 33-39. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SHIPPED INTO COTTON STATES. By Nat 0. Murray, Assistant Chief of Bureau. Tlie curtailed demand for the cotton crop, caused by the war, and the consequent reduction in values, should force, a greater iliversification of crop growth than is usually practiced in the cot- ton belt. In recent years the cotton States have produced about 46 per cent of their wheat requirement and shipped in 54 per cent. Of corn ihcj have produced about 86 per cent and sliipped in 14 per cent of their needs, notwithstanding corn is a southern grain. Of oats they have produced 75 per cent and shipped in 25 per cent of their requirements. Of hay, the local production has been about 79 per cent and the importation from other States about 21 per cent THE AGBICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. u of their total hay consumption. These form the bulk of field crops shipped into the cotton States. The total value of these four prod- ucts brought into those States amounts to nearly $200,000,000 yearly, representing about 22 per cent of the total yearly consump- tion of these products in the cotton States. The approximate quantity and value of wheat (including flour), corn, oats, and hay brought into the cotton States yearly, by States, are sho\^'^l in Table 9. If the States themselves produced tliis quantity it would probably require 15,000,000 acres ; the area in cotton this year is about 37,000,000 acres. Not only arc the cotton States large importers of grains and hay, but also of meats, amounting in value roughly to about $100,000,000 in the cotton States exclusive of Texas and Oklahoma. Table 9. — Estimutcd quontitij and value of wheat (including flour), corn, oats, and hay, shipped into cotton States yearly. State. Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georfjia , Florida Alabama Mujsissippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas Tennessee Oklahoma Total, above Quantity (000 omitted). Wheat. Corn. Oats. Hav Bush. I,fi62 5, 234 6,006 9,503 3,575 8,500 7,280 7,059 15,084 5,676 2,394 > 4, 666 67,907 Bush. 3, 893 5,276 13,2-14 10, 760 7,232 8,986 11,212 7,068 40, 620 4,897 '2,124 "5,415 105,649 Bush. 1,074 1,814 3,007 4,170 1,813 2,955 1,230 1,280 9 438 2,037 1,535 12,049 28,304 Tons. 200 100 90 130 80 90 70 70 250 100 125 "225 1,080 Value (000 omitted). Wheat. Dolls. 1,079 5,810 7,748 11,974 4,504 10,030 7,717 8.042 15,235 5,449 2,418 > 4,060 76,546 Corn. Dolls. 2, 8(J3 4,379 11,787 9,146 5,930 7, 189 8,185 4,806 29, 653 3,379 11,381 13,141 82, 735 Oats. Dolls. 558 1,125 2,075 2,836 1,287 1,921 763 730 4, 813 1,059 768 ■861 17,074 Hay. Dolls. 2,960 1,520 1,413 2,119 1,344 1,206 826 840 2,550 1,110 1,738 '1,552 16,074 Total. Dolls. 8,000 12,834 23,023 26, 075 13,065 20,346 17,491 14,418 52,251 10,997 3,543 '9,614 192,429 ' Shipped out. CALIFORNIA BARLEY SHIPPED TO NEW YORK. Over 1,000,000 bushels of barley were shipped by water from Cali- fornia to eastern United States ports, from the beginning of the cur- rent season (August, 1914) to December 11. Shipments to New York were about 842,000 bushels, to Philadelphia 169,000, and to Boston 21,000 bushels. The million bushels were carried in 16 steamships, one of which made two voyages vvith barley cargoes. Some voyages were made in less than 25 days, while a few vessels had not reached New York at the end of 50 days. This exception- ally large movement over these routes was due, presumably, to the opening of the Panama Canal. 14 FARMERS ' BULLETIN 645. COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS OF APPLES. Contributed by the Office of Markets and Rural Organization. Believing that a knowledge of cold-storage holdings of apples and their movement from storage would be of considerable value to growers, shippers, dealers, and others interested in apple distribution, the Office of Markets, on October 15, circularized the cold-storage warehouses in the country inquiring as to their v/illingness to cooper- ate in such work to the extent of submittmg semimonthly reports of apple holdings, on forms prepared by the office. In answer to this request, 255 storages, with a capacity of 5,465,310 barrels, replied, stating that their receipts of, and reservations for, apples at that time totaled 3,030,937 barrels. The mailing list of storages was increased during November, and at the end of the month another inquiry v/as sent out returnable December 1, asking for apple holdings on that date. Inasmuch as the 1912 apple crop was very similar in size to that of the current year, the storages were also asked to state their apple holdings on December 1, 1912, for comparison. In response to this inquiry, 289 storages replied. Compilation of the answers received shows the following results : Apple holdings of 289 cold storages reporting on December 1, 1914, 3,530,987 barrels. (This figure includes box apples, figured in terms of barrels.) The total apple holdings of these storages on December 1, 1912, were 3,124,070 barrels. Judging from the figures given by these storages, there were approximately 13 per cent more apples in cold storage on December 1, 1914, than on December 1, 1912. With so large a number of storages reporting, it seems that this percentage ought to be a fair indication of storage conditions at the beginning of the present month as compared with the same date in 1912. It is well known that the list of storages which report-ed their holdings is in no wise complete. In fact, there is good reason to be- lieve that the total holdings reported are approximately only 60 to 70 per cent of the amount in cold storage on December 1 of this year. This report is not published as showing the total cold-storage hold- ings on December 1. It is desired only to express the comparison between the cold-storage holdings this year and those on December 1, 1912, in these 289 representative estabhshmcnts, so that those interested may draw their own conclusions. It is interesting to note the large percentage of the storage holdings subject to growers' orders. Averaging the replies from the 289 storages reporting, it is estimated that approximately 39 per cent of THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 the apples in storage on December 1, 1914, had been placed there by growers and were subject to removal under theh direction. Considering the value which semimontrdy reports on the apple hold- ings in cold storage would have to all parties interested in the move- ment, including the storages themselves, the Office of Markets feels somewhat disappointed that so many storages failed to report. Wlnle most of the cold-storage companies readily agreed to the sug- gestion, the results to date indicate that a large number are unwilling to make the reports requested. Forty-five storages reporting on October 15, 1914, with receipts and reservations of approximate!}^ one million barrels, failed to answer the second inquiry, v/hich was returnable December 1. The Office of Markets hopes to increase steadily the list of coop- erating cold storages, thus making its reports of apple holdings of increasing value. THE WHEAT CROP OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. By Charles M. Daugherty, Statistical Scientist. In view of the probably urgent wheat requirement of Europe next spring, interest in the outcome of the crop now being Irarvested in the southern hemisphere is unprecedentedly tense. As the Australian crop, which last year attained for the first time the 100,000,000-bushel mark; is this year, in so far as exports are concerned, authoritatively pronounced a failure, world-wide attention is now concentrated upon the harvest now in progress in Argentina. Excepting these two, the other wheat-producing countries of the southern hemisphere yield quantities chiefly for native use and not of noteworthy commerciai importance. As the gi'eat wheat harvest of the northern hemisphere begins near the equator in March, so the lesser one of the southern hemisphere com- mences near the same latitude in the fu'st month of the transequatorial spring, September. Late that month and early in October, just when hai'vest in the northern hemisphere is nearing its close, is garnered the small crop of Ecuador, practically the only wheat-producing country on the globe bordermg on the equator. Thence dm-ing Octo- ber and November the harvest moves southward through Peru, Bohvia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. In none of these countries, however, is wheat gi'owing extensive ; Peru, the most important as a producer, has an annual output of only from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000, and Brazil of less than 3,000,000 bushels. What is popularly known as the ''wheat crop of the southern hemisphere" is grown in the vast producing regions of Argentina and Australia, and on the less exten- sive areas of New Zealand, Chile, Uruguay, and the Union of South 16 FAEMEBS^ BULLETIN 6i5. Africa. In these countries, as a whole, cuttmg in its southward movement extends over the period from late November to raid-Feb- ruaiy. The duration of the southern hemisphere harvest, therefore, in its passage from the equator on the north to the extreme limits of wheat culture on the south, is about 5 months, whereas in the north- ern hemisphere the movement from the equator to the most northerly latitudes of its cultivation occupies a period of ahnost 8 months. Although the total quantity harvested south of the equator ordina- rily constitutes less than 8 per cent of the world crop, this wheat occupies on the markets of Europe a position pecuharly its own. Grown, for the greater part, in sparscty populated countries, whose demands for home consumption are hmited, a heavy proportion of the output, particularly of the two chief producers, Argentina and Aus- tralia, is annually available for export, and, as the harvest takes place during the winter months, a large part of the export surplus is enabled to be advantageously placed on the European markets in spring and early summer, when supplies from other sources are being reduced to low ebb. In Argentina, wliose exports of this cereal are annually ahnost double those of all other States and colonies of the southern hemi- sphere combined, the wheat-growing industry has been making re- markable progress for many years. Between 1890 and 1913 the area sown increased from 3,000,000 to 17,000,000 acres, production, though with wide annual vacillation, from 30,000,000 to 187,000,000 bushels, and exports from 15,000,000 bushels to 103,000,000. The only strikingly exceptional 3'ear during the period was 1007-8, when from an area of 14,230,000 acres were harvested 192,000,000 bushels, resulting in an export surplus of 134,000,000 bushels. Ovv^mg to meteorological and other causes the Argentine wheat acreage has, since 1913, undergone contraction. The surface sown for the crop now being harvested amoinits to only 15,480,000 acres — 671,000 acres less than that of last year and 1,615,000 less than that of 1912. Over most of the territory, according to late reports, the fields present an a.spect of exceptional promise, and the tendency is to hken the probable yield to that made in the baimer year 1907-8. The first official forecast of production puts the yield at 203,000,000 bushels. Whatever the final outcome, it seems practically certain that the losses in Australia will reduce the net surplus for export from the southern hemisphere in 1915 to much below average, wdth Argentina almost the sole source of surplus supply. The statistical history of the wheat-growing industry and of the export trade in this cereal in Argentina during the past dozen years is shoA\m in the foUowing figures: THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 17 Table 10. — Aieu, product iott, and exports of v:htut in Argentina. Crop year. ! .\ rea sown. 1902-3.. 11)03-1.. 1904-5. . 1905-6.. 1906-7. . 1907-S. . 190S-9.. 1909-10. 1910r-ll. 1911-12. 1912-13. 1913-14. Acres. 9, 131, 193 10,674,720 12,115,619 14,023,649 14,065,594 14,232,928 14,981,920 14,422,115 15,451,608 17,042,487 17.09.5,490 16,241,883 1914-15 ! 15, 480, 815 Production. Bushels. 103, 757, 772 129,670,898 150,743,199 134,930,008 155,991,397 192, 487, 484 156, 162, 327 131,010,413 145,981,263 166,190,097 187,391,000 113,904,333 1 203,000,000 Exports. Calen. dar year. 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Flour. Bushels. 67, 777, 558 84,683,242 105,390,205 82,598,592 98,501,601 1.33,609,563 92,377,517 69, 209, 449 8:3,993,460 96,600,281 103,327,728 2 33,039,458 Barrels. 809,628 1.206,884 i; 628, 255 1,450,964 1,434,104 1,276,643 1,310,241 1 , 298, 104 t,332,72(> 1,480,006 1,402,047 2 008,920 Official prcharvcsl forecast. 2 Exports Jan. 1 to Sept. 1. 1914. The Argenti.ue method of estimating yields invariably results in subsequent modifications of the preharrest forecasts. In August, the last month of the Argentine winter, the Department of Agri- culture collects from a corps of about 3,000 crop reporters statistics of the area sown to wheat in their respective districts. The estimate for the eaitire country is pubhshed in September. Later in the growing season, just before the grain reaches maturity, inquiries are made of the same corps of reporters as to the probable yield per acre. From these two factore the department c(nnpiles its preharvest estimate of production. This estimate, based uiDon the area actually sown, obviously takes no account of acreage abandoned and always differs materially from the final estimates of yield, which are based upon returns from tlu-ashing-inachine operators and therefore reflect the effects of losses from all causes. Although the mildness of the Argentine winters obA'iates damage from winter-kill, a con- siderable proportion of the surface sown is annually left unharvested because of destruction by locusts, frosts at the critical blooming period, drought, and excessive moisture. The extent of loss from these and minor causes during recent years is shown below: Area of wheat sown and harvested in Argentina, IDOS-'J to 191 i-l-S. Year. .Veres sown. Acres harvested. -Veres abandoned. 1909-10 14,422,115 15,451,608 17,042,487 17,095,883 13,229,900 14, .514, 439 15,736,633 16, .560, .5,52 1,192,215 1910-11 937, 169 1011-12 1,305,854 l'>12-13 532, 728 73861°- -BuU. 645—14 3 .18 FABMEES' BULLETIN 645. PURCHASING POWER OF FARMERS. By Nat C. Murray, Assistant Ch'cf of Bureau. The purcliasiiig power of the farmer depends not only upon the monc}" value of what he produces, but also upon the money value of what he buys. From 1899 to 1909 (census years) the money value of 1 acre of the farmer's crops increased 72.7 per cent, but in the same period the money value of the articles usually purchased by farmers had increased 12.1 per cent; consequently, as a result of the greater increase in the price of what a farmer sold than in the price of what he bought, the net increase in the purchasing power of the produce of 1 acre was 51 per cent; that is, 1 acre of the farmer's crop in 1909 could buy 54 per cent more of the articles usually bought by farmers than in 1899. In 1913 the value of 1 acre of the farmer's crops averaged about 1.2 per cent higher than in 1909, whereas the value of articles bought by farmers had advanced in the same time about 5.7 per cent; conseciuently, as a result of the greater increase in the price of what the farmer buys than what he sells, the actual purchasing power of 1 acre of the farmer's produce in 1913 was about 4.3 per cent less than in 1909. Similar data for 1914 have not yet been secured, but it niay be safely presumed that the purchasing pov.^er of 1 acre of the farmer's produce in 1914 is at least 5 per cent less than five years ago. In short, ther(^ was a material Increase in the purchasing power of farmers from 1896 to 1909, but since 1909 there has been a check to this rapid increase, with some reaction downward. The above estimates are based upon the value per acre of all the inipoi'tant crops combined. Considering corn, wheat, and cotton separately, it is found that the purchasing power of 1 acre of corn in 1913 w^as about 12 per cent greatv^r than in 1912, 1 per cent greater than in 1909, and 58 per cent greater than in 1899. The purchasing power of 1 acre of the 1914 corn crop is probably about 2 per cent greater than that of the 1913 crop. The purchasing powder of 1 acre of wheat in 1913 was the same as in 1912, 24 per cent less than in 1909, and 40 per cent more than in 1899. The purchasing power of 1 acre of the 1914 wheat crop is probably about 34 per cent greater than that of the 1913 crop. The purchasing power of 1 acre of cotton (excluding the value of seed) in 1913 was 3 per cent less tlian in 1912, 5 per cent less than in 1909, and 40 per cent more than in 1899. The purchasing power of 1 acre of the 1914 cotton crop is probably about 35 per cent less than that of the 1913 crop. Upon the basis of the purchasing power of the value of 1 acre of produce, the year 1909 stands as the most prosperous for farmers of the past 50 years for wliich there are records. THE AGRICULiUKAL OUTLOOK. 19 Tables 11 and 12 show the comparative value of many articles frequently bought by farmers for 1913, 1912, 1909, and 1S99, and the quantities purchasable with 1 acre of produce. Table 11. — Comparatirc prices of articles purchased by farmers of United States, 1913, 1912, 1909, and 1899. [Prices represent approximate!}' the same grade or quality of articles, in all years.] Articles. Coa! oil, gallon cents.. (iasoline, gallon do Cofl'ee, pound do Flour, barrel dollars. . Lard, pound cents. . Salt, baiTel dollars. . Starch, pound cents.. Sugar, pound do Tobacco, plug, pound do Brooms, each. do Dish pans, each do Dinner plates, set do Fniit jars, dozen do Kitchen chairs, each do Lamps, each do Stoves, each dollars. . Tin ]-)aiIs, each cent s . . Wooden buckets, each do Wooden washtubs, each , and 1S99. rroduction (000,000 omitted). ^ Value (on basis of prices, Dec. farmers) (000,000 omitted). 1,' to Crop. 1914 1913 1909 (census). 1899 (census). 1014 1913 1 1909 1899 Corn 2,673 891 1,141 195 43 17 403 57 70 l,a35 16 24 7,637 2,447 763 1,122 178 41 14 332 59 64 954 IS 26 6,772 2,552 683 1,007 173 30 15 389 59 69 1,0.56 20 22 4,783 2,066 659 943 120 26 11 273 43 54 868 20 9 4,. 558 SI, 703 879 499 106 37 13 199 41 779 101 20 22 520 SI, 692 610 440 90 20 10 228 43 797 122 21 22 825 ?1,477 674 405 94 21 10 211 41 722 107 30 17 665 8791 AVbcat 387 Oats 210 46 Rve 13 6 Potatoes 110 Sweet potatoes 22 4;?9 62 Flaxseed . 20 Rice 6 Cotton 319 Total 4,919 4,932 4,474 2,431 1 Hay in tons, tobacco and cotton in pounds, other crops in bushels. THE AGRICULTUBAL OUTLOOK. 23 TvBLE 15. — Prices nf sjyedjied products, and value per acre, 1914, 1913. 1909, and 1899. Crop. Farm pricR , Dec. l.>— Value per acre; basis, Dec. 1 price. Per cent of increase or decrease in vaUio per acre, 1914, compared— 1914 1913 1909 1899 1014 1913 1909 1899 With 1913. With 1909. With ISO'ci. 63.7 98. 6 43.8 54.3 86.5 76.4 48.9 73.0 11.1 9.8 125. 6 92.4 6.S 69.1 79.9 39.2 53.7 63.4 75. 5 68. 7 72.6 12.4 12.8 119.9 85. 8 12.2 57.9 98.6 40.2 54.0 71.8 70.1 54.1 69.4 10.5 10.1 1.52.9 79.6 13.9 29.6 .58. 8 22.3 38.7 49.5 50.1 40.1 52.9 8.2 7.2 98.0 70.0 7.0 $16. 46 16.41 12.99 14.00 14.57 16.28 53. 56 68. 48 15. 85 82. 89 10.37 31.50 14. 15 S15.99 12.16 11.45 12.77 10. 25 12.98 62. 13 68.61 16. 2S 100.72 9.34 26.71 22.25 S15.02 15.22 11.. 52 12. 15 9.64 11.78 57.42 64.04 14.15 82. 32 14.. 30 28.50 20.75 $8. 33 7.36 7.12 10.3.5 6.17 7.79 37. 34 41.89 10.19 56. 40 9.30 18.51 13.14 P.ct. 4- 2.9 +.35. +13.4 + 9.6 + 42.1 + 25.4 -13.8 - 0.2 - 2.6 -17.7 + 11.0 + 17.9 -36.4 P.ct. + 9.6 + 7.8 +12.8 + 1.5.2 +51.1 +38.2 - 6.7 + 6.9 +12.0 + 0.7 -27.5 + 10.5 -31.8 P.CL + 97.6 Wheat Oats + 12:5.0 + 82.4 Barlev + 35.3 Rye." + 136.1 Buckwheat + 109.0 Potatoes + 43.4 Sweet potatoes Hay, tame + 63.5 + 55.5 Tobacco + 47.0 Flaxseed Rice + 11.5 + 70.2 Cotton + 7.7 Total 1 16.38 10.44 15.98 9.39 - 0.4. + 2.5 + 74.4 1 1 Hay in dollars per ton, tol)acco and cotton in cents per pound, other crops m cents per bnshel. Table 16. — Yearly value per acre of 10 crops combined. [Corn, wheat, oats, barlev. rye, buckwheat, potatoes, hay, tobacco, and cotton, which comprise nearly nn per cent of the area in all field crops, the average vahie per acre of which closely ai)proximatcs the vah:o per acre of the aggregate of all crops.] 1914 $16.27 1913 16.36 1912 15.63 1911 15.26 1910 15.53 1909 16.00 1908 15.32 1907 14.74 1906 13.46 1905 13.28 1904 13.26 1903 12.62 1902 12.07 1901 $11.43 1900 10.31 1899 9.13 1898 9.00 1897 9.07 1896 7.94 1895 S. 12 1894 9.06 1893 9.50 1892 10.10 1891 11.76 1890 11.03 18S0 8.99 1888 $10.30 1887 10.14 1886 9.41 1885 9.72 1884 9.95 1883 10.93 1882 12.93 1881 13.10 1880 13.01 1879 13.26 1878 10.37 1877 12.01 i 187G 10.80 I 1875.... . .. $12.20 1874.... . . . 13. 25 1873.... . . . 14. 19 1872.... . . . 14. 86 1871.... . . . 15. 74 1870.... . . . 15. 40 1869.... . . . 14. 67 1868.... ... 14.17 1867.... . . . 15. 09 1866 ... 14.17 Chart .showing the value per acre of 10 crops combined (^corn, wheat, oats, barley , rye, [nick wheat, potatoes, hay , tobacco, and cotton) , represent ing about 90 per cent of the total cultivated area of the U nited States. 24 farmers' bulletin 645. 4CREAGE, YIELD PER ACRE, PRODUCTION, PRICE, AND TOTAL VALUE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, 1914, AND ACREAGE AND CONDITION OF WIN- TER WHEAT AND RYE. Table 17. — ('orn: Estimates of dcreage. prodartioa, mid value. 1914 and 191.J. State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 omitted). Price per bushel. Dee. 1, to producers. Value based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Vaine Acres. 16 21 45 48 11 . 61 5.50 272 1,46;^ 197 663 1,921 732 2,835 ■ 1,975 4,000 700 -3.650 4,949 10, .340 1,7,50 1.725 2,600 10, 248 7,200 500 3,000 7,100 .5,850 3,650 3,350 3,264 3, 150 2, COO 6,400 4,000 2,400 .50 21 402 92 18 12 1 19 36 22 60 Acres. 16 22 45 Bu. 46.0 46.0 47.0 Bu. 38.0 37.0 37.0 40.5 36.5 .38.5 28.5 39.5 39.0 31.5 33.0 26.0 31.0 19, 5 19.5 1.5. 5 15.0 37.5 36.0 27.0 33.5 40.5 40.0 34.0 17.5 28.8 25.5 15.0 3.2 20.5 20.5 17.3 20.0 22.0 24.0 11.0 19.0 31.5 29.0 15.0 18.5 28.0 34.0 34.0 32.0 28.0 28.5 33.0 Bushels. 736 966 2, 115 2, 256 - 462 2,806 22,550 10, 472 62, 178 7,092 24,. 531 39,380 22, 092 57,5.50 36, 538 .56,000 11,200 142, 715 ia3,317 .300,034 63,000 69, 862 91,000 389, 424 158, 400 14,000 78,000 173,9.50 108, 225 91,250 80,400 .55, 488 58, 275 3.S,600 124,800 .50,000 42, 000 1,400 525 10, 626 2, .576 576 420 36 589 972 660 2,160 Bushels. 608 814 1,665 1,944 402 2,348 15,020 10,862 57,0.57 6, 206 22,110 51, 480 22,692 55, 282 38, 512 63,023 10, 125 146, 250 176.400 282, 1.50 56, 112 66, .825 06,000 338,300 129, 062 10, 800 67,320 114,150 2:^,424 74, 825 68,675 55,360 6:?,000 41,800 163, 200 .52,250 47,025 882 493 6,300 1,572 476 340 34 448 952 598 1,815 Cis. 88 82 81 85 98 89 S3 76 73 62 68 81 83 86 92 85 80 61 58 61 67 65 52 50 68 58 .50 53 63 64 68 80 73 75 74 64 80 76 70 60 80 120 75 110 72 73 82 87 Cis. 87 81 81 85 99 85 81 75 72 59 65 76 80 88 97 91 82 63 60 63 67 60 53 60 74 52 56 65 78 76 89 77 82 72 78 77 80 73 75 110 70 118 68 SO 70 88 Dollars. 648 792 1,713 1,918 453 2,497 18, 716 7,9.59 45,390 4,397 16,681 31,898 18,834 49, 493 33, 615 47,600 8,960 87,0.56 94,724 183,021 42,210 "4.5,410 47,320 194, 712 107, 712 8,120 39,(X)0 92, 194 68, 182 58,400 .54,672 44,. 390 42, ,541 28,9.50 92,352 32,000 33,000 1,064 368 6,376 2, 061 691 315 40 424 710 541 1,879 Dollars. .529 New Hampshire. . .. Verrfloiit 659 1,349 Massachusetts Khode Island roiinecticut 48 11 61 47.0 42.0 46.0 1,652 398 1,996 New York ... 527 275 1,46;} 197 070 1,980 41.0 38.5 42.5 36.0 37.0 20.5 12, 166 New Jersey ..... 8,146 Feiuisylvania . . , Delaware Maryland Virginia.. . 41,081 3,662 14,372 39, 125 West Vii-ginia North Carolina. South Carolina 732 31. 2,835 ! 20.3 1,975 18.5 4,066 14.0 675 10. 3,900 39.1 4,900 33.0 10,450 ; 29.0 18, 1.54 48, 648 37,357 57,351 Florida 8,302 Ohio . .. 92, 138 Indiana lllmois 105,840 177,754 Michigan Wisconsiai 1,675 1,650 2,400' 9,950 7,375 36.0 40.5 . 35. 38.0 22.0 37,595 40, 095 Minnesota 50,880 Iowa 202,980 95, 506 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky 375 ' 28.0 2,640 : 26.0 7,610 : 24.5 7,320 ' 18.5 3, 850 : 25. 3,350 1 24.0 3,200 17.0 ,5,616 37,699 74,198 18,271 56,867 Tennessee Alabama 52,880 49,270 Mississippi 3, 1.50 1,900 6,800 4,750 2,475 28 17 420 85 17 10 1 14 34 21 ■ 55 18.5 19.3 19.5 12.5 17. 5 28.0 2.5.0 23.0 28.0 32.0 35.0 36.0 31.0 27.0 30.0 36.0 48,510 32, 186 Texas 133, 824 37, 620 36,680 679 Wyoming 394 Colorado 4,599 New Mexico 1,179 524 Utah 238 Nevada 40 Idaho 305 Washijigton . 762 Oregon California 419 1,597 United States. 103,435 105,820 2,5.8 23.1 2, 672, 804 2,446,9.88 63.7 ' 69.1 1 1,702, .599 1,692,092 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25- Table 18. — Winter uhcat: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 101.3.. . Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. State. Acres. New York 3(50 New Jersey 79 Pennsylvania j 1.312 Delaware I 114 Maryland 612 Virginia , West Virginia.. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia 779 236 611 SO 140 Ohio 1,975 Indiana 2,485 IlUuois 2.500 Michigan I 879 Wisconsin I 85 Minnesota i 50 Iowa ' 510 Missouri i 2, 549 South Dakota ! 09 Nebraska 3,325 Kansas Kentucky. - Tennessee.. .\labama... Mississippi. Texas Oklahoma. Arkansas.. Montana . . Wyoming. Colorado New Mexico . Arizona Utah Nevada Idalio Washingt03i. Oregon California. . . United States. S,600 760 720 31 1 1,082 2,525 125 481 45 250 45 31 223 18 339 960 622 400 1913 36,008 Acres. 340 80 1,286 113 610 780 235 605 79 140 1,950 2, 150 2.240 835 87 50 450 2,315 100 3,125 0, 655 725 700 32 1 780 1,750 101 480 40 200 35 29 200 16 310 1,200 575 300 31,699 1914 1913 Bu. 22.5 18.0 18.1 20.5 21.5 14.5 15.0 12.0 11.5 12.1 18.5 17.4 18.5 19.7 21.5 19.5 21.6 17.0 14.0 19.3 20.5 16.5 15.5 13.0 13.0 13.0 19.0 13.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 25.0 28.0 25.0 29.0 27. 5 26.5 22.0 17.0 19.0 Bu. 20.0 17.6 17.0 14.5 13.3 13.6 13.0 11.7 12.3 12.2 18.0 18.5 18.7 15.3 20.1 16.2 23.4 17.1 9.0 18.6 13.0 13.6 12.0 11.7 14.0 17.5 10. 13.0 25.6 25.0 21.1 18.6 32.0 23.0 23.0 27.4 27.0 21.4 14.0 16. Total production (000 omitted). 1914 Bushels. 8,100 1,422 23,747 2,337 13, 158 11,296 3,. 540 7,332 920 1,694 36, 538 43,239 46,2,50 17,316 1,828 975 11,016 43,. 333 966 64, 172 176,300 12,540 11,160 403 13 14,066 47,975 1,625 11,063 1,080 6,250 1,125 868 5, 575 522 9,322 25.440 13,684 6,800 1913 684,990 Bushels. 6, 800 1,408 21,862 1,638 8, 113 10, 608 3,055 7.078 972 1.708 35, 100 39, 775 41,888 12,770 1.749 SIO 10,530 39.. 586 900 58. 125 ,S6. 515 9,860 8.400 374 14 13.650 17,. 500 1,313 12,288 1.000 4.220 6.51 928 4.600 368 8, 494 32,400 12,305 4,200 Price per bushel, Dec. 1, to producers. Value based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted) . 1914 1913 523,561 Cts. 108 109 104 109 106 108 108 117 145 134 105 103 101 103 100 102 96 98 94 95 95 103 105 126 125 92 99 91 89 87 90 125 86 95 87 100 102 104 98.6 Cts. 93 96 91 88 89 96 100 106 130 120 90 88 86 89 82 76 76 84 79 96 98 115 95 94 82 90 66 72 97 110 73 82 63 73 75 95 82.9 Dollars. 8,748 1,.550 24,697 2,547 13,947 12,200 3,823 8,578 1,334 2, 270 38,365 44,536 46,712 17,835 1,828 994 10,. 575 42,466 908 00. 9a3 167,485 12.916 11.718 508 16 13,925 44,137 1,609 10.067 961 5.4.38 1,012 1,085 4,794 496 8,110 25,440 13,958 7,072 1913 Dollars. 6,324 1,352 19,894 1,441 7,221 10,184 3,055 7,503 1,264 2,050 31,590 35, 002 36,024 11,371 1,434 616 S,003 33.252 639 41,269 68,347 9,466 8,232 430 13 12, 831 14,350 1,182 8,110 720 3,292 631 1,021 • 3,358 302 5,351 23,652 9,229 3,990 675,623 I 4.33,995 26 farmers' bulletin 645. Table 19. — Sprinj uheaJ: Eslimates of acreage, producfion, and value. 1014 and 191 ■: State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 omitted). Price per bushel, Dec. 1, to producers. Value based 011 prices, Dec. l, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Acres. 3 1 99 4,000 300 7,28.5 3.400 343 60 429 55 225 31 68 27 210 820 177 Acres^ 1 103 4,150 345 7,510 3.675 350 55 390 50 260 30 65 23 200 1.100 175 Bu. 27.0 20 17.0 10.5 13.5 11.2 9.0 11.5 15.0 17.0 22.0 22.5 23,0 25.0 30.0 24.0 20.0 16.5 Bu. 25. 5 24.5 18.6 16.2 17.0 10.5 9.0 12.0 8.5 21.5 2.5.0 21.0 19.0 28.0 31.0 28.0 19.0 19.5 Bushels. 81 29 1,68:3 42,000 4,050 81,592 30,600 3,944 900 7,293 1,210 5,062 713 1,700 810 5,040 16,400 2,920 Bushels. 76 24 1,916 67,230 5, 865 78.855 33.075 4.200 468 8,385 1,250 5,460 570 1,820 713 5,000 20,900 3,412 as. 109 100 100 102 96 101 94 95 95 91 89 87 90 86 95 87 100 102 Cts. 101 100 82 76 76 73 71 71 79 60 72 78 97 7-3 82 63 73 75 Dollars. Dollars. 88 77 29 ; 24 1,683 1 1,571 42,840 1 51.095 3,888 4.457 North Dakota South Dakota 82,408 28. 764 3,747 855 6, 637 1,077 4.404 642 1,462 770 4, 385 16,400 2,978 57.5frl 23.483 2,982 370 Montana 5,5.34 000 4.259 New Mexico Utah 553 1,329 Nevada 585 3,528 Washington 15, 257 Oregon 2,559 United States. 17,533 18,485 11.8 13.0 206,027 239,819 98.6 73.4 203,057 176, 127 THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 20. — Wheat: Estimates of acreage, j)roducfion, and rahie, 1914 and 1913. State. Maine \'ermont New York New Jersey . . . renusylvania . Delaware Maryland Virgiuia West Virginia. North Carolina Soutli Carolina tteorgia Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missomi North Dakota. Sonth Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico . . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington. . . Oregon California United States . Price per Vahie based on Acreage Yield Total production bushel, prices, Dec. 1, to (000 omitted). per acre. (0*J0 omitted). Dec. l.to producers (00(J producers. omitted). 19U 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Acres. Acres. Bu. Bu. Bmhd.'i. Bushels. Cis. Cts. Do!!ar.s. Dollars. 3 3 •27.0 25.5 81 76 109 101 88 77 1 1 29.0 24.5 29 24 100 100 29 24 360 340 22.5 20.0 8,100 6,800 108 93 8,748 6,32^ 79 80 18. 17. 6 1,422 1,408 109 96 1,550 1,35-' 1,312 1,286 18.1 17.0 23,747 21, 862 104 91 24,697 19,89i 114 113 20.5 14.5 2,3-37 1,638 109 88 2,547 1,441 612 610 21.5 13.3 13, 158 8,113 106 89 13,947 ■ 7,225 779 780 14.5 13.6 11,296 10,603 108 96 12,200 lO.lSi 236 235 15.0 13.0 3,540 3, 055 108 100 3,823 3,05: 611 605 12.0 11.7 7,332 7,078 117 108 8,578 7,50: 80 79 11.5 12.3 920 972 145 1.30 1,334 1,264 140 140 12.1 12.2 1,694 1,708 134 120 2,270 2,051! 1,975 1,950 18.5 18.0 36, 538 35, 100 105 90 38,365 31,590 2,485 2,150 17.4 18.5 43, 239 39,775 103 88 44,536 35,00-' 2,500 2,240 IS. 5 18.7 46, 250 41,888 101 86 46,712 36,024 879 835 19.7 15.3 17,316 12,776 103 89 17, &35 11,371 184 190 19.1 19.3 3,511 3,665 100 82 3,511 3,005 4,050 4,200 10.6 16. 2 42, 975 68,040 102 76 43,834 51,7H 810 795 1H.6 20.6 15,066 16,395 96 76 14, 463 12, 46(> 2,549 2,315 17.0 17.1 43,333 39,586 98 84 42, 466 33,252 7,28.5 7,510 11.2 10.5 81,592 78, 855 101 73 .82, 408 57,564 3,469 3,775 9.1 9.0 31,566 33, 975 94 71 29, 672 24, 122 3, 668 3, 47,^ IS. 6 17.9 68, 116 62,325 95 71 64,710 44.251 S,660 0,710 20. 5 13.0 177, 200 86, 983 95 79 168,340 68,717 760 725 16.5 13.6 12, 540 9,860 103 96 12, 916 9, 466 720 700 15.5 12.0 11,160 8, 400 105 98 11,718 8,232 31 32 13.0 11.7 403 374 126 115 508 430 1 1 li.O 14.0 13 14 125 95 16 13 1,082 780 1 !. 17.5 14,066 13,650 99 91 13,925 12,8;3l 2,525 1,750 19.0 10.0 . 47,975 17,500 92 82 44,137 11,350 125 101 13. 13.0 1,625 1,313 99 90 1,609 1, 182 910 870 20. 2 23. 8 18,356 20, 673 91 66 16,704 i:i,64i 100 90 22. 9 25.0 2,290 2,250 89 72 2.038 1,620 475 460 23. 8 21.0 11,312 9,680 87 7S 9,842 7,55i 76 65 24.2 18.8 1,838 1,221 90 97 1,654 1,184 31 29 28.0 32.0 868 928 125 110 1,085 1,021 291 265 25.0 24.2 7,275 0,420 .86 7.i 6,256 4.687 45 39 29.6 27.7 1,332 1,081 95 82 1,266 887 549 510 26.2 27.6 14,362 14,034 87 63 12, 495 8,879 1,780 2,300 23.5 23.2 41,840 53,300 100 73 41,840 38,909 799 750 20.8 21.0 16,604 15,717 102 75 16,9.36 11,788 400 300 17.0 14.0 6,800 4,200 104 95 7,072 3,990 53,541 50,184 16.6 15.2 891,017 763,380 98.6 79.9 878. 680 610, 122 28 farmers' bulletin 64.5. T.'iBLE 21. — Oats: Estiinales of acreage, 'production, and value, 1914 and 1913. State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 omitted), - Price per bushoj, Dec. 1, to producers. Value based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Maine Acres. 141 12 79 11 1.275 07 1,073 4 43 191 105 250 375 450 50 1 , 050 1,575 4,300 1,515 2,300 3,040 5,000 1,200 2,318 1,000 2,175 1 . 700 175 350 390 100 70 y(KJ 1,100 200 530 225 325 52 8 95 13 332 297 304 220 Acres. 140 12 79 9 U 1.275 70 1,1.54 4 45 195 1!5 230 360 420 50 !,.S00 1,700 4,375 1,500 2,275 2,980 4,880 1,250 2,250 1,590 2,250 1,700 100 300 325 140 45 1,000 ] , 030 240 500 220 305 50 90 11 325 300 300 210 Bu. 41.0 38.0 42. 5 37.0 27.5 29.0 31.5 29.0 30.0 27.0 27.0 15.5 20.0 17.5 20.0 20.0 18.0 30. 5 28.5 29.3 33.5 27.0 28.0 33.0 21.5 28.0 27.5 32. 33.5 21.0 23.0 22. 23.0 23. 25.0 27.5 24.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 38.0 42.0 50. 52.0 44.0 47.0 35.0 35.0 Bu. 40.0 35.0 39.0 .35.0 26.0 28. 33.5 29. 31.0 30.5 28.0 21.5 24.0 19.5 23.5 22.0 18.0 30.2 21.4 23.8 30.0 30.5 37.8 34.5 21.2 25.7 26.5 20.5 19.5 19.8 21.0 20.5 20.0 22.0 32.5 18.0 20. 5 43.5 38.0 35.0 30.0 43.0 40. 43.0 •JO. 5 47.5 42.3 31.0 Bushels. 5,781 456 3,358 333 55 319 40,162 1.943 32.190 108 1,161 2,900 2,100 4,375 7,500 9,000 900 50,. 325 44,888 125,990 50, 752 02.100 85; 120 10.5,000 25,800 04,904 44, 105 09, 600 58,900 3,675 8,0.30 8,580 3,080 1.010 22,500 30,250 0,240 18,5.50 7, 875 13,000 1,976 ■ 336 4,750 670 14,008 13,9.59 ]2,740 7,700 Bushels. 5,600 420 3,081 315 52 308 42,712 2.030 35,774 122 1,200 4,192 2,700 4,4,S5 8,400 9,240 900 54,3(iO 3ti.38(l 104.125 15,0(K) 83,038 112. 041 108,360 26,500 57,825 42, 135 59,625 34,320 3,168 6,300 6,662 2,800 990 32,500 18,540 6,360 21,750 8,360 10,075 1,500 301 4.140 473 15,112 14,250 15,228 0,630 as. 57 58 55 50 58 55 51 54 51 50 52 58 55 (i5 71 70 70 45 43 44 45 43 40 41 44 38 40 42 53 53 69 65^ (i3 48 41 53 39 48 45 45 70 43 55 38 42 45 53 Cts. 55 56 52 54 50 55 47 47 40 51 48 52 51 01 71 68 70 40 38 38 39 37 32 34 45 30 34 38 45 53 09 03 57 51 45 53 32 40 44 00 50 40 05 32 40 38 00 Dollars. 3,295 204 1,847 180 32 175 20,483 1.049 10,417 54 004 1,717 1,155 2,844 5 , 325 0.300 030 22,646 19,302 55,436 22,838 26,703 34,048 67,050 11,352 24,014 16,783 27,840 24, 763 1,948 4,266 5,920 2,392 1,014 10,800 12,402 3,307 7,334 3,780 5,850 889 235 2,042 372 .5,551 5,863 5,7.33 4,081 Dollars. 3,080 235 1,602 170 26 109 New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut. . New York 2a, 075 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delav.are 954 10,456 62 Mar viand 005 Vircjinia 2, 180 West Vircinia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia . . . 1,408 2,7.36 0,007 0,283 Florida 630 Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan . 21,744 13,824 39,508 17^550 Wisconsin Minnesota... 30, 724 36,040 57.242 Iowa Missouri 1 1 , 925 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas 17,348 14,326 22,058 15,444 Kentuclvv. .. 1,647 Tennessee 3,-3.39 4,597 1,764 564 Texas 16,575 Oklahoma . 8,343 Arkansa.s 3,371 0,960 Wyoming 3,. 344 Colorado . . 4,697 New :Mexico A rizona 900 150 Utah 1,656 Nevada. . 307 Idaho 4,a36 Washington 5,700 Orei^on 5,787 Calilornia 3,982 United States. 38,442 38,. 399 29.7 29. 2 1,141,000 1,121,708 43.8 39.2 499,431 439,596 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 Table 22. — Barley: Estivuites of acreage, prodiutlon, and value, 1914 and 10 IS. State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 omitted). Price Jier bushel, Dec. 1, to producers. Value based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Acres. 5 1 12 75 7 5 11 35 8 55 90 675 1,378 300 5 1,450 850 113 240 5 rt 8 7 70 16 103 5 .35 32 13 185 182 122 1,402 Acres. 5 1 12 77 11 40 8 54 85 725 1,4,50 400 5 1,275 9.58 110 2t0 3 2 7 7 00 13 100 3^ 30 12 180 180 120 ,1,275 Bu. 30.0 32.0 34.5 28.0 28.0 33.0 26.0 25.0 2.5.0 29.5 2t). 27.3 23.0 26.0 24.0 19, 5 23.0 23. 5 24.5 28.5 27.0 25. 25. 30. 5 33.0 38.5 34.0 30.0 4,5. 47.0 38.0 39.0 30.0 30.0 Bu. 2.S.0 28.0 32.0 20.7 20.0 29.0 20.0 24.0 2;5.0 26.0 24.8 25. 24.0 2.5.0 22.0 20.0 17.5 10.0 8.1 26.6 25. 24.0 9.0 31.0 30.5 32.5 24.0 39.0 38.5 41.0 42. 40.5 35.0 20.0 Bushels. 1.50 32 414 2,100 190 105 280 875 200 1,022 2.340 18,428 31,091 9,300 120 28,275 19,. 550 2,650 5,880 142 135 200 175 2,1,3.> 528 3,966 170 1,260 1,440 611 7.030 7,098 3,660 42,0(30 Bushels. 140 28 384 2,056 182 145 286 960 200 1,404 2,108 18,125 34,800 lo.otw no 25, .500 10, 705 1,760 1,944 SO 50 108 63 1,860 396 3,2.50 96 1,482 1,155 492 7,500 7,290 4,200 33,1.50 CIS. 81 82 75 71 70 60 80 59 67 61 65 62 53 55 65 45 50 47 47 82 70 53 53 04 55 75 60 50 65 50 52 61 59 CIS. 80 80 80 69 71 64 70 58 50 60 00 48 55 60 40 46 49 55 78 70 SI SO 48 01 56 72 73 55 90 48 52 55 OS Dollars. 122 26 310 1,!91 137 109 229 516 134 989 1,521 11,425 16,798 5,148 78 12,724 9,775 1.248 2,704 109 111 140 93 1.132 338 2,181 128 756 720 397 3,515 3,691 2,233 24,815 Dollars. 112 New Hampshire 22 .307 New York 1,419 Pennsylvania 129 93 200 Ohio 557 100 Illinois 800 Michigan 1,265 Wisconsin 10,875 ; 16,704 5,500 Missoii'"] • 66 North Dakota South Dakota 10,200 7,712 862 Kan.sa.s 1,069 62 Tennessee Texa.s 35 136 Oklahoma 50 Montana 893 Wvomiug 242 1,820 New Mexico 69 Ari/.ona 1,082 Utali 635 443 Idalio 3,020 Washington 3,791 2,310 22, 542 Ignited States. 7,. 565 7,199 25.8 23.8 194,953 178,189 5). 3 53.7 105.903 05, 731 30 FAEMEBS' BULLETIN G45. Table 23.— Rye: Eslimates of acreacje, production, and value, 1914 ojui 1913. State. Acrcare (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 omitted). Price per bushel, Dec. 1, to producers. Value based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1911 1913 Acres. 1 3 129 70 280 1 25 58 17 46 3 13 95 99 49 371 412 279 59 17 131 60 122 50 22 22 2 2 6 1 10 5 21 13 3 8 21 8 Acres. 1 3 133 70 280 1 27 58 17 46 3 13 97 103 49 375 425 300 60 16 125 50 120 45 22 17 1 2 5 1 10 4 20 12 3 8 20 8 Bu. 20.0 19.0 19.0 17.7 18.5 18.0 17.5 17.0 13.0 14.5 10.0 11.5 9.3 17.0 16.3 16.0 16.0 16.5 18.8 19.0 14.0 17.1 17.0 16.0 20.0 1.3.7 13.0 13.0 14.8 16.0 10.5 21.0 17.0 17.5 17.5 20.0 19.7 16.0 17.0 Bu. 18.0 18.5 19.3 17.2 18.0 17.5 14.0 14.4 12.3 13.5 10.3 10.5 9.5 16. 5 15.2 16.5 14.3 17.5 19.0 18.2 1.5.0 14.4 13.2 14.5 14. 12.4 12.0 11.0 15.0 9.5 11.5 21.0 19.0 17.0 17.0 22.0 21.0 17.5 1.5.0 Bushels. 20 57 133 2.283 1,295 5.040 18 425 754 216 460 34 121 1,615 1,614 784 5,936 6.798 5.245 1,121 238 2,240 1,020 1,9.52 1,000 301 286 26 30 96 10 210 85 368 228 60 158 336 136 Bushels. 18 56 135 2,288 1,260 4,900 14 389 713 230 474 32 124 1,600 1,566 808 5.362 7.438 5.700 1.092 240 1.800 660 1,740 630 273 204 11 30 48 12 210 76 340 204 66 168 3.50 120 Cts. 80 101 98 89 82 83 92 86 90 90 105 1-50 1.50 81 85 85 91 91 89 77 87 84 78 74 80 95 98 110 99 95 105 70 81 65 60 67 85 100 85 CIS. 90 98 92 75 80 74 79 76 81 87 98 150 135 69 62 65 62 57 48 60 75 45 50 60 75 87 99 140 101 86 95 55 64 60 60 58 60 75 75 DGllars. 16 58 130 2,032 1,002 4,183 17 366 679 221 483 51 182 1,308 1,372 666 5,402 6,186 4,668 863 207 1,882 796 1.444 800 286 280 29 30 91 . 10 147 69 239 137 40 134 336 116 Dollars. 16 Massachusetts Connecticut . 55 124 New York 1,716 1,008 Pennsylvania Delaware 3,626 11 Maryland 296 578 V.'est Virginia North Carolina South Carolina . . Georgia. ;. 200 465 48 167 Ohio...'..... . 1,104 971 ,525 Michigan . . 3.324 Wisconsin 4,240 2,736 655 Missouri 180 North Dakota . South Dakota Nebraska 810 330 1,044 Kansas 472 238 Tennessee . 202 Alabama 15 Texas 30 Oklahoma . 41 Arkansas 11 Montana 116 49 204 Utah 122 38 Washmgton 101 262 90 United States. 2,541 2,557 16.8 16.2 42,779 41,381 86.5 63.4 37,018 26, 220 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 31 Table 24. — Buclcivheof: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 oinilled). Price per bushel , Dec. 1 , to producers. Value based on prices. Dee. 1, to producers (0i>3 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Acres. 12 1 8 2 3 274 10 280 3 U 23 36 9 18 5 i 17 6 6 2 1 1 3 A.cres. 13 1 8 2 3 280 10 280 3 11 23 38 9 18 5 4 60 IS 6 6 2 1 1 3 Bu. 29.0 25.0 28.0 18.5 18.5 2.3.0 21.0 20.5 19.0 18.5 19.4 21.5 19.0 24.0 17.5 17.7 18.5 17.5 17.0 18.3 15.5 18.5 16.0 22.3 Bu. 32.0 31.0 25.0 17.0 17.0 14.3 22.0 18.5 17.0 16.5 23.1 21.0 19.3 18.0 13.5 17.0 15.0 16.5 16.5 14.0 11.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 Bushels. 348 25 224 37 56 G,.302 210 5, 740 57 204 446 774 171 432 88 71 1.054 298 102 110 31 18 16 67 Bushels. 416 31 200 34 51 4,004 220 5,180 51 182 531 ;98 174 324 92 68 900 297 99 84 22 20 10 45 CIS. 60 70 82 84 95 76 83 76 76 81 84 83 83 76 78 95 71 76 70 93 84 90 78 Cts. 56 66 80 80 95 81 76 73 69 75 80 78 78 76 75 80 70 69 64 81 85 79 SO 75 Dollars. 209 18 184 31 53 4,790 174 4,362 43 165 375 642 142 328 69 67 748 226 71 85 29 15 14 52 Dollars. 233 New Hampshiro 20 160 Massachusetts 27 48 3,243 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware 167 3,781 35 136 425 Wes! Virginia Noith Carolina Ohio . 622 136 246 Indiana 00 54 630 2a5 63 68 Missouri 19 16 8 34 United States. 792 80.5 21.3 17.2 16,881 13,833 70.4 75.5 12, 892 10,445 32 FAEMEES' BULLEIIN G45. Table 2b.— Potatoes: Estimates of acteuge, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 omitted). Price per bushel, Dec. 1, to producers. Value hased on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1 9! 3 Maine New Hampshire Acres. 130 17 25 27 5 24 307 92 208 11 44 112 48 33 11 13 13 150 75 124 304 304 270 147 87 70 (53 118 72 50 35 IS 12 24 44 32 25 37 15 73 i 20 12 34 .59 49 75 Acres. 128 17 25 27 5 24 309 94 205 11 43 105 48 30 10 12 12 160 75 125 350 295 275 150 85 60 00 118 73 50 38 18 12 25 45 32 25 36 12 80 9 1 20 11 34 60 50 68 Bu. 200 1.59 108 155 165 140 145 108 105 .SO 78 65 54 52 70 60 80 95 80 60 121 124 114 pi 1,588 960 1,680 Texas Oklahoma ,\rkansas Montana 2, 621 2, 016 1,800 3,377 1,092 5. 980 NcwMexieo S57 101 Utah 2, 0.88 1,197 Idaho 2,890 Washington 4,428 3.915 5.664 United States. 3,708 3, 668 109.5 90.4 405,921 331,525 48.9 68.7 198,609 227,903 THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 Table 26. — Sweet potatoes: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 191S. State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total production (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1913 Price per bushel, Dec. 1, to producers. 1911 ! 1913 Value liased on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana JUinois Iowa Missouri Kansas Kentucky Temiessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas California TTnited States, Acres. 22 1 5 8 31 2 76 48 79 19 1 1 8 2 6 Acres. 23 1 5 8 33 2 80 50 83 21 1 I 8 Bu. 100 105 120 125 92 92 90 85 85 120 110 100 84 100 84 no 105 100 93 90 87 101 102 95 ICl Bu. 138 110 135 141 108 91 100 92 87 110 90 78 70 50 75 80 95 98 85 80 64 90 170 Bushels. 2,200 105 000 1,000 2,852 184 0,840 4,080 6,715 2,280 110 100 (>72 200 504 550 1,050 2,500 5,859 4,500 5, 133 5,252 CI 2 1,710 906 Bushels. 3,174 110 075 1,128 3,564 182 8,000 4,600 7,221 2,310 90 78 560 160 336 2.50 675 i,(mo 6,650 5,390 5,100 4; 000 384 1,800 1,020 eo3 94.5 56,574 69,0-57 Cts. 95 86 70 70 76 9S 65 70 69 80 96 90 95 127 96 106 77 (i9 65 03 64 87 89 77 87 Cts. 78 90 60 60 70 100 61 75 68 75 106 103 106 150 105 110 94 80 67 62 70 95 104 72.6 Dollars. 2,090 90 420 700 2,168 180 4,446 2,856 4.633 i;824 106 90 638 254 484 583 808 1.725 3; 808 2, 835 3,285 4,509 645 1,317 840 41,294 Dollars. 2,476 99 405 677 2,495 182 4,880 3,450 4.910 i;732 95 80 594 240 353 275 634 1,280 4,456 3,. 342 3,570 3, 800 399 1,440 1,020 42, S,M 34 FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 645. Table 27, — Ray: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. Slate. Acrea.ije (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total produc- tion (000 omitted). Price per ton, Dec. 1, to pro- ducers. Value based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Acres. 1,230 520 990 480 58 375 4,653 361 3,141 72 390 650 696 320 210 250 48 2.812 1.764 2,250 2,352 2,550 1.743 2,950 2,600 400 500 1 , 500 1,6,50 750 800 220 210 200 450 450 320 700 500 970 206 142 406 247 705 796 858 2,700 Acres. 1,194 495 1,000 475 58 379 4,700 361 3.141 72 390 750 740 320 210 250 47 2.960 1,800 2,500 2.400 2.375 1,660 3,000 3.000 340 4(iO 1,250 1,.500 775 900 210 220 160 400 450 320 660 480 890 192 135 390 235 705 7,'iO 825 2,400 Tons. 1.15 1.15 1.20 1.32 1.17 1.25 1.20 1.35 1.28 1.10 1.15 .72 .92 1.15 1.15 1.35 1.35 1.13 1.00 .85 1.28 1.75 1.89 1.38 .70 1.45 1.70 1.69 1.51 .95 1.20 1.31 1.45 1.90 1.75 1.13 1.05 2.50 2.30 2.40 2.50 3.20 2.75 3.25 2.65 2.20 2.00 1.95 Tms. 1.00 1.00 1.28 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.14 1.30 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.31 1.16 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.00 .93 1.05 1.02 1-.50 1.48 .60 1.14 1.20 1.34 .90 .87 1.21 1.36 1.33 1.50 1.16 .85 1.20 1.80 1.90 2.05 2.08 4.00 2.33 2.75 2.90 2.30 2.10 1.50 Tons. 1,414 598 1,188 634 68 469 5,584 487 4,020 79 448 468 640 368 242 338 65 3,178 1,764 1.912 3,011 4.462 3.29J 4.071 1.820 5S0 8-50 2,535 2, 492 712 960 288 304 380 788 508 336 1,7.50 1,150 2.328 515 454 1,116 803 1,868 1,751 1,716 5,265 Tons. 1,194 495 1,280 575 68 432 5,358 469 4,146 94 491 952 925 419 244 350 63 3,848 1,800 2, 450 2,520 3,818 2, 490 4.440 1,800 388 552 1,675 1,3.50 674 1,089 286 293 240 461 382 384 1,188 912 1,824 399 540 909 646 2,044 1,794 1,732 3,600 Dolls. 13.10 17.00 11.60 21.. 50 20.20 19.50 14.00 19. 50 14.50 17.00 15.30 17.20 17.20 17.10 17.00 16,20 17.20 13. 10 14.10 14.40 12.00 9.30 0.10 10.10 13.60 5.20 5.70 6.90 7.40 16.00 17.00 13.80 12.00 12.00 9.80 7.90 12. 90 8.70 7. .50 7.^0 9. .30 8.80 7.70 8.30 7.30 11.00 9.20 8.20 Dolls. 13.90 17.20 14.50 21.10 21.20 20.10 15.30 19.00 14.90 15.70 15.20 15.50 14.90 16.50 18.70 17.90 18.20 12.80 14.10 14.10 13. 10 11.10 6.60 9.60 14.50 5. ,?0 6. .50 8.70 12. 50 16.50 16.20 14.20 13.50 12.50 11.80 10.40 13.50 9.60 6.70 10.00 12.10 11.00 9.10 11.00 7.20 10.90 9.00 13.50 Dollars. 18,523 10,166 17,345 13, 631 1,374 9,146 81, 526 9,496 58, 290 1,343 6,854 8,050 11,008 6,293 4,114 .5,476 1,118 42,585 24,872 27, £33 36, 132 41,497 20,093 41,117 24,752 3,016 4,815 17,192 18,441 11,392 10.320 3,974 3,648 4.560 7.722 4.013 4,334 15,225 8,625 17,227 4,790 3,995 8,593 6,665 13,636 19, 261 15,787 43, 173 Dollars. 16, 597 New Hampshiie 8,514 18,560 Massachusetts Rhode Island 12, 132 1,442 8,683 81,977 8,911 Pennsylvania Dclav.are 61,775 1,476 7,463 Virguiia 14,750 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 13, 7S2 6,914 4,563 6, 265 Florida 1,147 Ohio 49,254 25,380 34, 545 33,012 42,713 16,434 42. 624 26.100 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 2,250 3,688 14,572 16,875 11,121 Tennessee 17.642 4,061 3,956 3,000 Texas 5,475 Oklahoma 3,973 5, 184 11,405 6, 119 18, 240 New Mexico 4,828 5,940 Utah 8,272 7, 106 Idaho 14,717 19,555 Oregon 15,588 48,000 United States . 49,145 48. 954 1.43 1.31 70,071 61,116 11.12 12.43 779,068 797,077 THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 35 Table 28. — Tobacco: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 191S. States. New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts Coruiecticut New York Pennsylvania Maryland Virginia Wast Virginia North Carolina. . . South Carolina... Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Missouri Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Louisiana Texas Arkansas United Stales. -Vcreage. Yield per acre. Acres. 100 100 6,000 20. 200 4,600 33, 100 22, 000 17.5, 000 10, SOO 26.5,000 50,000 1,900 4,300 S6,S00 13, 500 000 45,000 4,100 400,000 77,400 200 700 200 700 1,22:3,500 1913 Acres. 100 100 6, 100 IS, 400 4,300 3S, 900 2.5,000 200,000 15,000 250, 000 43, 800 1,S00 4,000 81,000 15,900 800 13,000 5,100 370,000 90,000 300 eoo 200 SOO Lbs. 1,770 1,700 1,750 1,770 1,300 1,4.50 800 6.50 820 650 730 1,000 1,000 900 900 780 1, 180 1,200 910 820 700 400 580 610 1, 216, 100 845. 7 Lbs. 1,650 1,550 1,5.50 1,550 1,020 1,200 740 770 680 670 760 1,000 1,000 750 700 1, 180 650 760 720 700 4.50 600 650 Price per Total production pound, (000 omitted). Dec. 1, to producers. 1914 1913 1914 Lbs. Lbs. Cts. 177 165 IS.O 170 155 18.0 11,550 9, 455 17.7 35, 754 28,520 18.5 5,980 4,386 12.0 47,995 46,680 8.5 17,600 18,500 8.0 113,750 1.54,000 9.0 8,85G 10,200 11.0 172,250 167,500 11.5 36, 500 33, 288 9.7 1,900 1,800 25.0 4,300 4,000 30.0 78, 120 61,425 8.8 12, 150 11,925 9.0 468 .560 12.0 53, 808 50, 740 11.0 4,920 3,315 13. 304,000 281,200 8.4 63, 468 64,800 7.5 140 210 28.0 280 270 35.0 116 120 21.0 427 520 18.0 1,034,679 953, 734 9.S CIS. 18.0 18.0 21.0 21.0 12.2 7.5 9.3 13.9 12.0 18.5 13.8 31.0 31.0 11.4 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.7 10.0 8.4 25.0 25. 22.0 16.4 12.8 \'alue leased on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). Dollars. 32 31 2,044 6,614 718 4,080 1,408 10, 238 974 19, 809 3,540 475 1,290 6,875 1,094 56 5,919 640 30, 576 4,760 39 98 24 77 Dollars. 30 28 1,986 5,989 535 3,501 1,720 21, 406 1,224 30,988 4, 594 558 1,240 7,002 1,312 64 6,089 421 28, 120 5,443 52 68 26 85 122,481 Table 29. — Flaxseed: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. States. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. 1914 1913 Total produc- tion (000 omitted). 1913 Price per bushel, Dec. 1, to producers. 1914 1913 \'alue based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (OCO omitted). 1913 Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Montana Colorado United States -4 cres. 8 315 20 8 840 45 320 2 Acres. 9 350 28 10 1,000 425 9 50 400 10 Bu. 13.5 9.3 9.5 8.0 8.3 7.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 Bu. 14.0 9.0 9.4 5.0 7.2 7.2 6.0 6.0 9.0 5.0 Biisheh 108 2, 930 190 64 6,972 2,400 49 270 2,560 16 Bushels 126 3,150 263 50 7.200 3,000 54 300 3,600 50 Cts. 125 128 120 lot 128 123 119 125 120 100 Cts. 123 123 123 115 121 120 110 116 115 115 Dollars. 135 3, 750 228 67 8,924 2,952 58 .338 3,072 16 Dollars. 165 3,874 323 58 8,712 3,672 59 348 4, 140 58 2,291 8.3 7.8 15, .559 17, 853 19,540 21, 399 36 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 645. Tablk 30. — Bice Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 191^ and 191S. State. Acreage. Yield per aere. Total produc- tion (000 omitted). Trice per bushel Dec. 1, to producers. Value based on •prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1 1914 1 1913 1 North Carolina Acres. 150 6,900 1,100 400 200 1,000 336, 500 239, 700 92,580 15,000 Acres. 300 4.900 500 400 200 1,500 405. 500 303,000 104, 700 6,100 Bu. 26.3 26.0 28.0 25.0 28.0 30.0 32.1 33.8 39.8 53.3 Bu. 24.0 30.0 32.0 25.0 22.0 28.0 29.0 32.0 36.0 48.0 Bushels. 4 179 31 10 6 30 10,802 8,102 3,685 800 Bushels. 7 147 16 10 4 42 11,760 9,696 3,769 293 Ct.9. 75 • 92 89 70 70 85 93 92 90 100 Cts. 80 90 83 60 60 70 84 86 90 100 Dollars. 3 165 28 7 4 26 10,046 7,454 3,316 800 Dollars. 6 South Carolina 132 Georgia 13 Florida ; 6 : 2 Mississippi J' 29 9,878 Texas Arkansas 8,339 3,392 293 rniled States 693, 530 827, 100 34.1 31.1 23,649 25, 744 92.4 85.8 21.849 22,090 Table 31. — Cotton: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. [AH 1914 figures fire nrelimmary. Figures of acreage iu 1914 are estimates made in December, 1914, and subject to revision in May, 1915.] State. Acreage (000 omitted). Yield per acre. Total produc- tion (000 omitted). Price per pound Dec. 1, to producers. Value based on prices, Dec. 1, to producers (000 omitted). 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 A CTCS. 45 1,600 2,800 5,375 195 122 890 3,875 3,120 1,360 11,930 2,825 2.525 35 25 Acres. 47 1,.576 2,790 5,318 188 112 865 3,760 3,067 1,244 12,597 3,009 2,502 14 Lbs. 254 283 256 236 185 295 196 209 196 162 183 212 197 506 285 Lbs. 240 239 235 208 150 286 210 190 204 170 1.50 132 205 .500 Bales.^ 24 950 1,500 2,650 75 75 365 1,690 1,275 400 4,560 1,250 1.040 37 15 Beles.i 23 793 1,378 2,317 59 67 379 1,495 1,311 444 3,945 840 1,073 23 Cts. 7.3 6.9 6.9 6.9 12.2 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.6 7.0 6.8 Cts. 13.1 12.6 12.7 12.8 17.0 11.5 12.7 12.7 12.6 11.7 11.5 11.4 11.6 13.0 Dollars. 835 31,248 49,411 87,384 4,401 2,336 11,182 54,147 41,512 15,184 148,528 38,862 32,858 1,240 488 Dollars. 1,467 47,608 83,541 141,722 Florida 4,792 3,697 23,072 90,829 79,107 24,840 217,327 45,827 59,580 1,429 All other United States 36,722 37,089 207.9 182.0 15,966 2 14,156 6.8 12.2 519,616 2825,395 Bales ol 500 pounds, gross weight. 2 Includes "All other.'! THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. a7 Table 32. — Winter loheat and rye: Estimates of acreage planted in autumn, 1914, and condition, Dec. 1, with comparisons. Winter wheat. Rye. Area sown. Condition, Dec. 1. Area sown. Condition, Dec. 1. Stat€. Au- tumn, 1913, revised (000 omit- ted). Autumn, 1914. 1914 1913 10- year aver- age. Au- tumn, 1913, revised (000 omit- ted). Autumn, 1914. 1914 1913 Com- pared with 1913. Total prelim- inary (000 omit- ted). Com- pared with 1913. Total prelim- inary (000 omit, ted). 10- year aver- age. Vermont Acres. P.cl. Acres. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. Acres. 1 4 8 140 79 292 1 30 68 18 55 3 14 119 104 52 384 440 296 61 21 143 80 130 55 31 30 3 P.ct. 95 96 100 99 102 100 100 101 125 101 140 120 110 94 100 100 101 101 100 96 101 112 115 101 100 100 105 136 Acres. 1 4 8 139 81 292 1 30 85 18 77 4 15 112 104 52 388 444 296 59 21 160 92 131 55 31 32 4 P.ct. 95 92 94 92 85 87 89 90 93 93 96 96 96 96 93 94 95 97 96 97 92 92 94 93 90 92 92 95 P.ct. 92 98 98 97 96 97 96 95 97 94 97 97 93 97 97 97 96 96 93 97 99 91 87 86 99 99 97 95 P.ct. 95 Massachusetts.. 96 Connecticut ":"..:'. : 96 New York New Jersey rennsylvania.. Delaware Marylaii'l Virginia West Virginia.. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia Ohio 364 83 1,3.39 116 621 794 241 627 82 144 2.001 2,618 2,551 900 89 56 520 2,585 105 98 102 110 106 160 110 175 300 218 105 112 115 107 100 105 103 no 382 81 1,366 128 658 1,270 265 1,097 246 314 2,101 2,820 2,934 963 89 59 536 2,844 96 82 85 88 89 93 92 95 96 94 94 89 92 92 96 94 96 87 98 95 97 95 95 95 95 95 •95 92 99 98 99 95 94 92 96 98 95 94 92 91 90 88 88 90 92 92 88 88 89 90 93 '"'94' 90 96 95 93 93 90 90 90 91 94 94 90 Indiana Illinois 92 93 Michigan Wisconsin Miimesota 92 95 93 95 Missoiu-i Nortli Dakota.. 92 90 South Dakota.. Nebraska Kansas 86 3,464 y,95S 76S 727 34 1 1,139 2.577 128 606 47 263 48 110 105 98 115 120 285 225 120 120 144 135 115 105 115 95 3,637 8,779 883 872 97 2 1,367 3,092 184 683 54 276 55 41 253 2:i 93 90 80 89 90 93 93 89 83 90 98 90 92 95 98 89 88 95 100 93 98 80 86 100 98 96 92 91 102 103 99 91 97 91 98 96 96 99 97 93 100 100 "'93' 90 88 90 92 91 88 87 88 95 96 92 88 98 95 98 97 93 96 91 91 93 92 Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Texas 8S 91 92 2 8 1 11 5 22 106 105 125 102 105 100 2 8 1 11 5 22 92 90 88 98 90 93 101 105 100 95 98 89 89 Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico.... 90 88 95 97 93 Arizona 33 12.T Utah 230 19 346 110 120 14 105 15 90 97 97 Nevada Idaho 114 1 304 3 9 25 11 100 101 107 105 3 9 27 12 94 100 96 100 96 97 100 100 98 Washington Oregon 1,067 1 110 635 108 421 110 1,174 686 463 98 98 California 94 United States 37,128 111.1 41,263 88.3 97.2 90.3 2,773 102.8 2,851 93.6 95.3 93.0 38 farmers' bulletin 645. PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. Table 33.— Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. November 15. State. Hogs, per 100 lb. Beef cattle, per 100 lb. Veal calves, per 1001b. Sheep per 100 lb. Lambs, per 1001b. Milch cows, per head. Horses, per head. Wool, per lb. ^ o © 03 c^ • > ^ (3 ■^ >i CD S 03 tj; 4 S ■* 4 5 '.5' c3 bo g •* OJ Me Dollars. 8.30 7.42 Dollars. 7.50 6.88 Dol) 8.70 8.00 7.60 8.80 10.00 10.20 9.70 10. 20 9.30 9.80 9.80 8.40 8.00 0.20 5.40 5.50 6.20 8.60 7.60 8.40 7.80 8.40 7.40 8.00 7.50 7.40 5.50 8.30 8.00 7.50 6.50 4.70 6.40 6.20 6.20 6.80 5.50 8.00 8.80 8.00 8.80 7.20 8.80 8.5( 7.40 8.50 8.00 7.70 ars. 7.78 7.48 7.15 8.40 9.03 8.58 8.68 8.12 9.77 9.00 7.18 6.92 6.05 4.78 4.58 6.70 7.82 7.10 7.02 7.38 7.32 6.18 6.68 6.32 5. 75 6.00 6.42 6.52 6.15 5.10 3.98 4.38 4.82 5.28 5.65 4.98 7.62 7.98 6.96 7.90 6.17 7.32 7.37 7.16 7.90 7.18 6.48 Doll 4.60 6.00 4.00 5.00 5.50 6.50 4.50 6.50 6.20 6.80 5.00 4.20 4.40 4.00 5.20 4.00 5.70 4.30 4.10 4.70 4.30 4.60 4.30 5.00 4.60 4.80 4.60 6.00 5.70 3.70 3.80 4.70 4.10 4.90 4.80 5.30 3.60 4.70 5.00 5.00 4.40 3.80 6.10 6.60 4.60 5.10 6.10 5.20 ars. 4.02 4.55 3.25 '5:26 6.27 3. SO 4,20 4.65 4.47 4.70 3.98 3.88 4.25 4.68 4.12 4. 77 3.50 3.48 3.75 3.82 3. 88 3.90 4.02 3.78 4.25 4.15 4.40 4.48 3.42 3.32 3.52 Dollars. 6.40 5.62 Doll 55. 00 55.70 58,50 70.00 78.00 75.00 67.30 73.00 00.50 60.00 45.00 47. 50 51.20 39.00 39.10 38.00 51,80 60.70 54. 20 64.50 60.50 05.00 60.40 ft?. 00 55.00 63.00 04.60 67.80 06.50 48.50 44.00 36.90 36.30 43.00 51.10 50. 00 41.10 73.00 83. 30 76.10 62.00 94.00 69. 60 84.00 76.40 71.00 70. 00 73.60 ars. 50.75 55.50 48.76 51.67 58.25 53. 65 5S.96 52,88 47,33 37,95 38,28 41, 82 33,92 35.12 33.40 43. 00 51.62 47.90 51.38 47. .58 52, 20 46,22 51,18 46, 00 48.22 48.52 49.65 49.60 30.65 37. 05 31.32 31.62 32. 88 44.60 43. 78 32.48 59.55 62. 38 54.85 61. 68 66.60 52 22 62.00 58.25 63. 25 54. 26 68.52 Dol 198 180 168 175 200 200 170 175 164 145 125 138 142 156 160 148 141 150 135 139 165 166 144 146 106 127 125 118 116 114 127 120 107 93 88 98 95 130 97 103 76 105 126 150 120 125 101 122 ars. 199 164 100 175 Cr 24 20 22 22 Its. 22 N.H Vt Ma.ss 8.50 7.50 8.50 9.50 10.50 7.80 10. 20 8.20 8.60 8.70 7.60 7.30 8.30 8.10 8.00 7.10 7.10 6.80 7.00 6.50 6. SO 6.70 6.80 6.70 6.30 6.70 6.90 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.10 6.50 6.40 6.90 6.00 6.20 6.70 7.50 7.50 7.20 7.60 6.50 8.40 6.10 6.60 7.00 7.10 7.68 6.92 7. 57 8.13 8.65 7.35 8.95 7.88 8.03 S.OS 7. 2S 7. 42 7.78 7.70 7.25 6.25 7.10 7.02 6.92 6.02 6.9S 6.75 G. 88 6.S2 6. OS 6.80 6.78 6.88 6.92 6.90 6.92 6. 55 6.10 6.80 6.85 6.38 7.80 7.60 7.32 7.65 8.28 6.95 8.20 7.12 7. 68 7.58 7.25 7.40 5.50 6.70 8.20 6.10 7.40 7.40 G. 10 7.30 6.20 6.10 4.90 4.70 4.60 5.20 6.70 6.60 7.10 5.90 5.50 .5.40 7.00 6.60 5.50 6.20 7.00 7.00 6.00 5. 50 4.00 4.30 5.00 5.20 5.70 4.50 6.70 6.50 6.30 6.00 6.10 5.50 6.00 6.60 6.20 6.10 6.40 6.12 4.65 5.17 7.13 5.30 6.68 5.90 5.87 5.45 4.98 5.15 3.95 3.95 3.65 4.65 6.60 5.30 6.6.S 4. S8 4.65 4.45 5.88 5.52 4.38 5.15 5.42 6.50 4.05 4.20 3.15 3.45 4.10 4.28 4.48 3.88 5.58 6.48 5.32 5.70 5.22 6.02 6.18 4.98 5. 38 6.50 5.68 7.50 6.50 7.10 7.00 8.50 7.00 '6.' 70 8. 00 8. 50 6.50 6.00 5. .50 5.80 5.50 6.60 6. 40 6.30 6.60 6.20 6.70 6.90 6.90 6.40 6,20 6,40 8. 00 7. 10 5.70 5.5C 5 30 6.58 5.38 7.33 5.78 5. 89 6.10 6.47 6.80 6.60 6.40 4.85 5.50 6.22 '5: 2.8 5.38 5.32 5.52 5.40 5.20 5.48 5.25 5.25 5.32 5. 82 5.72 4.82 4.50 4.80 3.92 5. K 5.20 5.30 4.72 5.25- 6. 58 5.35 4.95 5.33 5,18 5.42 5.25 6. .30 4.92 5.1s 21 19 R I 199 177 171 168 130 145 140 140 153 172 158 150 160 149 150 166 167 157 159 122 140 129 126 126 126 143 136 116 88 94 104 107 135 107 116 78 105 119 122 128 144 108 143 03 N. Y 22 20 22 22 22 23 21 15 19 17 23 21 19 22 20 17 18 19 16 16 16 18 19 18 16 16 14 14 18 15 18 17 18 15 18 17 16 13 20 N. J Pa ??, Del Md 21 23 Va 22 W.Va N. C 22 ?0 s. c 17 Ga 21 Fla 20 Ohio 21 Ind HI Mirh 20 18 Wis Minn Iowa Mo 20 18 18 20 N. Dak S. Dak Nebr 16 17 15 Kans 17 Ky ?I0 Tenn Ala.. 19 17 3.52 4.90 17 La 4.57 4.25 4.38 3.70 4.55 4. .52 4.12 4.18 4.00 4.45 4.63 4.08 4.22 4.18 4.32 5. 4(1 5.90 6.40 4.80 5.30 7.00 6.10 5.70 5.40 6.50 7.00 6.50 6.00 5.50 6.10 13 Tex Okla Ark 14 15 18 Mont 18 Yfvo 15 Colo U N. Mex Ariz 13 Utali Nev Idaho Wash Ores 15 14 16 15 16 Call...:.::: 13 U.S... 7.00 6.96 6.02 5.01 7.74 6.74 4.68 4.15 6.14 5.31 58.77 47.-8 129. 86 138.53 18.1 16.9 THE AORICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 39 Table 34. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by Slates — Continued. November 15. State. Apples, per bu. 1 Pears, Grapes, perbu. per lb. Wal- nuts, black, per bu. Hickory nuts, per ini. Peanuts, per lb. Pecans per bu. Chest- nuts, per bu. Hops, per lb. 1914 4-yeai aver- age. 1914 1913 1914 1913 i 1 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1914 191^^ 1913 Maine Cts. 50 52 5C 60 60 70 3S 50 47 52 35 42 43 48 80 SO Cts. 73 80 90 96 76 78 72 68 68 86 66 69 79 81 118 105 as 150 Cts 125 Cts. Cts. Cts Cts Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Dolls. Dolls. CIS Cts. NewHampshii-e. Vermont 200 225 275 230 210 220 190 Massachusetts... 105 :::;i:::;: . Rhode Island . . . 2.2 150 2)0 98 120 75 60 100 50 60 65 120 75 190 240 25( 210 2. .50 Connecticut "85 50 70 38 25 73 94 85 94 94 250 79 65 100 200 125 80 77 62 75 46 65 70 88 70 Now York 1.9 6.2 3.10 3.65 3.20 3.75 2.25 1.55 2.00 1.55 3.50 2.40 29 39 New Jersey Pennsylvania . . . 3.7 6.0 Delaware Maryland 1 Virginia '136 122 no 140 3.5 8.0 5.0 8.3 "125 81 75 100 50 159 3.2 4.0 West Virginia.. - North C'arolina.. 74 100 70 75 135 130 125 125 125 150 135 100 3.9 4.9 5.3 5.0 3.6 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.00 6.10 5.90 5.60 South Carolina.. 10.0 13.8 Georgia Florida Ohio 60 66 78 43 .87 95 85 65 120 110 92 90 70 70 100 90 75 100 80 75 72 1.36 75 1 100 192 60 120 75 62 77 72 74 .80 72 93 108 100 67 70 69 90 58 99 126 a5 110 70 88 92 im 120 120 225 3.0 4.0 2.1 3.5 4.4 4.8 4.0 2.8 55 62 70 50 100 73 6S 65 65 50 75 too 135 115 125 125 150 "m 90 3.00 2.45 Indiana 4.25 3.75 Ulinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa 4.5 4.9 2.5 85 8.5 Missouri 60 55 100 5.1 6.3 3.50 North Dakota... South Dakota... 118.... "'4.'6 5.5 7.0 8.3 7. 5 5.2 "s.'o 6.6 Nebraska 89 83 84 91 103 102 "126 105 97 116 147 170 90 78 52 51 72 85 93 90 55 60 92 93 100 98 75 6) "125 100 88 100 85 "65 55 72 175 180 100 92 105 92 50 73 75 75 Kansas 110 85 100 98 100 83 85 125 100 160 100 120 120 100 130 113 160 120 165 3.46 3.30 6. 06 5.00 3.50 3.77 3.00 3.50 Kentucky 6.8 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.7 5.5 5.0 5.3 4.2 4.7 4.5 3.8 4.7 4.8 5.0 1.05 1.55 2.00 2.65 Tennessee Alabama Mississippi 15.0 Louisiana Te.xas 8.5 CO 5.0 8.5 3.2 6.0 75 80 60 Oklahoma Arkan.sas Montana Wyoming ;; Colorado 104 119 ""167 140 93 88 88 91 190 100 175 140 215 130 New Mexico 7.5 7.0 Arizona io.o 7.0 5.0 3.0 0.3 Utah Nevada 8.5 0.0 3.0 Idaho 135 65 100 96 150 99 110 70 200 200 Washington 12 10 12 24 Oregon 22 California 2.0 3.0 24 United States. 57.3 80.1 77.7 33.0 ?.2 3.4 75.3 70.2 119.0 127.1 4.4 4.4 4.01 2.19 15.6 26.0 40 farmers' bulletin 645. Table 35.— Prices paid to pwduccrs of farm products, by /S^o/es— Continued . State. November 15. Beans, per bii . per bu. 1914 1913 1914 1913 Onions, per bu . 1914 1913 Turnips, per bii. 1914 1913 Broom corn, per ton. 1914 1913 Pop corn, per bu. 1914 : 1913 Honey (comb), per lb. 1914 1913 Honey fext.). per lb. 1914 1913 Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massa<'liiisetts Rliode Island Comiecticut New York New Jereey Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina. . , South Carolina.. Georgia Florida , Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Miiuiesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tenne,ssee. . Alabama. . . Mississippi . J.iOuisiana.. Texas Oklahoma . Arkansas . . Montana.. Wyoming. Colorado. . New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada , Idaho Washington. Oregon California . . . Dollars. 3.20 2.H8 2.80 2.42 2.75 2.80 2.56 2.72 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.60 2.74 2.45 2.40 2.72 2.58 2.64 2.55 2.02 2 2.30 2.75 2.65 2.95 2.85 3.00 2.60 2. .50 2.35 2.90 3.50 2.8: 3.00 3.00 2.90 3.20 2.00 2.26 2.80 3.10 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.7? 2.87 2.57 2.42 2. .56 2.44 2.60 2. 50 2.60 2.30 2.52 2. 66 2.25 2.69 2.33 2.08 2.57 2.41 2.35 1. 75 2.19 2.18 2.50 2.71 2.93 2.65 2.95 3.00 2.45 2. 55 2.30 2.40 2.65 2.80 2.48 2.98 3.00 3.20 2.50 2.50 2.80 3.20 3.60 2.35 2 3.00 2.03 Cents. 1251 110 105 90 91 98 40 61 110 142 120 175 145 150 190 180 196 110 135 130 73 110 1S5 200 170 250 220 160 1.50 180 190 205 250 22; 240 200 250 125 165 SO 200 2.50 170 200 150 145 210 150 United States 2.28 2.20 114.4 200 140 130 170 80 110 160 270 220 190 185 200 210 225 240 220: 215 210 125 130 140 260 245 32. 280 248 220 250 230 220 250 24.' 305 230 300 225 215 140 240 275 210 210 190 160 200 158.0 Cents. 65 77 105 100 98 105 90 115 106 167 70 76 95 136 115 110 100 105 100 135 115 120 125 120 110 90 145 120 120 115 135 95 SO 96 70 105 110 109 125 105 105 100 100 85 100 115 91 130 120 160 110 108 120 51 95 75 100 1001 92 90 110 165 140 14 155 110 99 135 147 120 160 125 120 140 175 125 Cents 44 55 46 50 50 46 39 50 48 35 28 35 50 39 60 76 60 44 38 45 29 35 37 45 3 150 85 170 80 140 82 170 135 51 114 55 114 51 95 55 114.9 47.4 Dollars. 35 48 65 45 74 80 100 54 47 52 29 42 40 65 51 46 65 55 67 51 65 55 70 100 Cents. 110 160 54 70! 60 60| 51 105. 225 220 220 280 2S0 210 230 90 80 150 215 148 228 100' 125 llOi 132 125 140 120 50 105 .56. 1 65. 82 138 150 1.56 178 78 150 200 121 125 150 185 175 150 130 135 200 190 93 220 150 120 99.80 165 200 300 210 224 290 159.0 120 140 125 175 120 160 163 173 134 185 160 1 165 200 175 19 215 130 134 180 200 155 190 200 1(33 280 280 169.3 Cents. 19 21 19 20 13.7 Cents. 12 13 13 14 14 12 7 14 16 13 10 10 10 10 13 12 13 12 13 16 15 12 12 THE AGEICULTTJKAL OUTLOOK. 41 Table 3Q.— Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States— Continued . November 15. State. 03 r^ li O u — a - . ^ p. Timothy seed, per bushel. Clover seed, per bushel. Alfalfa seed, per bushel. Cotton seed, per ton. Soy beans, perbushel. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Dol 14. 00 18. 00 13. 20 21.50 24. 30 18.70 15.70 IS. 50 14.90 16.50 17.00 18. 70 18. 20 21.20 20. 50 21. 00 18.00 14. 20 15.40 15.40 11.90 10.30 8.90 11.20 14. 80 9.00 8.50 9.40 11.10 18.30 19.50 22.00 20.00 ars. 12.00 17.70 14.00 18. 80 22.00 24.00 13.00 16.90 13.40 Dollars. Dol ars. Dollars. Dol ars. Dol ars. Dol ars. New Hampshire 3.50 Rhode Island 2.75 3.00 3.30 15.50 20.00 15.50 3.20 10.10 9.25 9.60 10.82 2.50 2.72 2.18 1.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 .3.00 3.30 2.40 3.00 '2.' 90 3.15 3.25 8.40 7.00 7.20 9.80 7.70 8.50 9.00 8.00 13. 50 15.00 16.50 16.20 18.80 22.20 21.00 19.50 12.40 13.20 13. 50 10. 00 9.00 8.70 10.00 13. SO 16.00 19. 00 21.00 19. 00 24. 60 24. 50 21.00 15. 60 15.90 15.80 13. 40 11.40 10. 0(1 11.70 15. 00 13.06 16.00 13. 00 19.00 10.00 8.70 10. .50 "e.'go (i. CO 8.60 11.20 6.20 6.10 7.60 8.10 13. 50 14.10 11.00 14.00 9.10 S. SO 9 60 8.75 ii'so 27.67 16.00 15 80 29.00 26.' 60 26.50 24.90 20.60 2.00 2.92 1.60 2.50 "2.'25 2.20 2.75 2.60 West Virginia 10. 40 10. 20 9.35 1.44 2.50 15.00 14.00 1.96 Florida i 2.25 Ohio 2.45 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.10 2.45 2.25 2.90 1. 90 2.00 3. 25 3. 00 3.00 3.20 2.30 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.20 2.00 2.00 2.75 2.40 1.8.5 .3.00 2. 30 2.80 2.85 7.95 8.10 8.60 s.oo 7.25 7.85 S.OO 9.10 7.15 6.90 7. 75 7.15 7.00 8.00 7.20 8.30 8.00 8.30 9.00 8.50 7.60 s.'oo 8.00 8.75 8.40 ,7.60 8.80 7.60 6.00 8. 50 1.88 Indiana 2.10 Illinois 2.35 Wisconsin 2.00 2.00 2.00 Minnesota 1,50 8.00 12.00 8.60 6.50 5.30 20.00 2.50 2.25 3,90 South Dakota 9.20 8.40 9.90 10. 00 18.20 22.00 15.00 11.40 14.00 12.00 16.00 10.80 9.50 10.00 8. SO 9.00 9. 60 IS. 80 18. 70 21.00 21.30 16.00 14.50 11.40 15.90 10. 00 7.80 7.70 10. 00 12.00 7.30 If.. 70 7.20 10.10 7.20 7.80 9. 00 8.90 9.00 9.50 10.20 7. .50 9.00 7.20 8.60 8.60 8.70 7.15 6. SO 3.00 2.25 Kentucky Tennessee 8.30 8.80 2.35 1.70 2.50 1.60 2.00 15. 00 13. 40 24.60 24.20 21.20 IS 00 2.07 2.30 Mississippi 13.60 13. 60 1.85 1.50 1..... 7.10 7.20 7.40 6.00 13. 20 12.00 13. 50 20. lol 2.90 9.80 15.70 11.50 10. 80 12.30 11.00 20.20 18.00 2.10 1.00 11.00 s. 70 11.60 s. SO 9.20 14.00 6. 50 14. .50 7. .50 "5.' 40 6.00 1.75 2.90 2.25 7.10 8.00 7.25 7.40 7.50 7.80 6. 10 6.80 8.20 .5.20 7.80 7.20 Colorado 7.20 S. -10 s.oo "i.'sii 2.00 4.60 2.65 1. 85 '7.' .50 7.30 4.60 9.00 e.'io 6.75 7.95 7.50 10. 40 12. ()0 10.50 7.50 S.OO 10. 10 9.10 9.60 6.20 9.00 7.30 6.20 7.45 United States 13.69 12.70 9.20 7.49 2.34 2.08 8.02 7.33 7.29 6.36 14.01 22.46 2.15 1.57 42 FAKMEES BULLETIN 045, Table 37. — Prices paid to producers of/arm products, by States — Contiaued. State. Maine New Hampshire ^'e^mont Massachusetts | I 22. Ehode Island ! 26.0 25.0 Prices paid to producers, Nov. 15. Prices paid by producers, Nov. 15. Turkeys, per lb. Cents 23.01 15.0 22.0' 23.0 19.7' 21.0 Connect icnt ' 26.0 New York : 19.6 New Jersey I 21.1 Pennsylvania i 18. 2 Delaware ' 18. Maryland Virfrinia We^t Virgmia... North Carol uia.. South Carolina.. 18.0 15.3 15.8 15.0 15.5 27.0 20.0 25.0 19.4 20.0 18.0 15 16.0 14.9 15.2 Georgia ! 15.1; 16.4 Florida 19.6! 18.3 Ohio 15.21 16.2 Indiana 13. 6i 15.0 Illinois 14.3 15.7 Michigan 15. 8 . 16. 2 Wisconsin 14.4 15.4 Minnesota 12.61 14.0 Iowa 1 15.0' 14.8 Missouri ....■ 12.8 13.9 Chickens, per lb. Eggs, per doz. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 I Clover .seed, per bush . Cents. 13.51 13.41 16. 6| 15.0; 11. 6i 12.0; 17. 5| 15.7; 17.0 16.31 18. 2! 17.9 13. 6i 14.3: 16. 4| 17. 0| 12. S 1.3.1; 13.0 14.6 13.0 12.2 11.7 11.5 11.1 13.2 16.9 11.0 10.0 10.6 14. 0] 13.41 12.3 12.5' 13. 6j 14.7! 16.2 11.3 10.5 10.9 10.31 10. S 10.2: 10. 8i 9.1 9.8| 10.5 10.4 10. 9. 7! North Dakota....! 13. ll 14.0 10.4 South Dakota....! 13.41 14.1 9.4 Nebraska I 13.4, 14.2 9.2! Kansas ; 11.8! 12.4; 9.5i Kentucky | 12. ll 13.71 10.1 Tennessee .... 12.i 13.3 Alabama I 14.0; 15.2 Mississippi ' 13.8! ^■^ 1 Louisiana ' 15.6 15.0 Texas i 10.91 11.1 Oklahoma. Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado W'ashington.. Oregon California 10.0 12.6 12.2 13.1 10.3 9.6 9.6 13.7 12.0 11.4 13.7 14.0 11.5 19.0 10. S 11.6 11.2 15.0 10.8 9.3 9.1 9.0: 10.6 10.3 13.5 13.2 13. 6 10. 5 9.2 10.0 14.0 12.1 11.9 Dollars. Timothy seed, I)er bush. 1914 1913 401 46! 40 50 52 49 39 43 35 35 32| 2S' 28| 25' 26j i 30 -J 27, 27i 27: 26; 24' 23 I 26; 25 23 23 26, 22] 23 22 21; 22; 43ll4. 90110. 80I 3.40 Dolhrs. Alfalfa seed, per bush. 1914 1913 Dollars. 11. 00113. 00 12.60114.00 13.00! 12.00110.80 3.25 3.50 3.60 3.20 5i 12. 7511.5.00 3 4111.20! 9.50i 3.70 11.50'11.20 3.25 10.30 S.90 3.25 8.00' 3.60 3.40;.. 3.49.. 3.7015.00 3'.2o\'.'. 3.5014.00 3.2510.60 3.0010.00 2.851 9.90 3.0010.00 Bran, per ton, Dollar.^. 29. 10127. 70 29. 10;27. 50 27. 70 27. 40 28.40! |,33. 10 28. 30127. 80131. 80 Cotton- seed meal, per ton. 1914 1913 Dollars. 32. 80 33.10 31.50 35.30 34.90 34.10 3.5.".30 15. 00 27. 80 27. 30^1. 10 33. 70 11. 60|28. 0026. 80 32. 40 35.00 .. 28.30!27.80;33.00 35.20 10. .35 27. 4;y26. 90 32. 60i34. 00 9. 50 30. 00 31. 30 31. 00,30. 00 37 9.00i 9.00 2.75! 2.75' 27.00 27.50 31.20,34.00 3110.50| 9.70 3.20 3.00110.00' 9. 00,28. 70 28. 60|29. 90 32. 40 3l!l0. 40,11. 00 3. .50, 3. 30llO. 80 12. 00 30. 70 29. 90 34. 80136. 70 261 10. 20, 10. 00 3..50, 3.60!ll.00; 8.50 31. 30 31. 20 27.20132. 30 28! 1 1 110.25' 30.50 32.30 23.70 28.70 8.95 9.33'. 8.101 3.00 9.101 8.00 3.10 30 9^70 8^801 3^20 30 9.80 8.50; 3.20 29 S.3.5| 8.00 2.95 29 9.00, 9.00 2.50 9.25! 8.40 2.50 10.20! 9.75; 3.40 .50 9.00 9.50 28,10.50 12.50 2.85 8.50 2.25 9.00 3.50 9.00 3.30 9.30 3. 25' 30.80 30.90 24.20:29.60 31.30 32.40 28.40 32.90 2.75 9.50; &.30|28. 10'27.20 31.50'34.00 2.90i 9.80 9. 10 26.30 26. 10 30. 20;33. 30 2. 90 10, 20' 9. 30 25. 20 25. 2029. 80 31. 60 3.00' 9.80, 9.30 2i 2.70 9.50! 9.50 24. 2..50,11.0011.50j23. 2. 30110. .85 10. 30 24. 3.0510.1010.00 24. 3.00i '12.5024. 2. 10 10. 00 10. 5023. 3.501 7.45| 6.75 22. 2.60i 7.50I 6.0(121. 2. 95; 9. 401 9. 10 27. 50 26, 40,23 70' 23, 00|24 70 25, 50 21. 30 23. 90 23. 50 23. 70 28. 70 32. 80 33. 40 33. 70 31. 00 29. 70 30. 10 32. 37 28. 40 26. 30 29. 34. 10 ,34. 30 28. 50 32. 20 31. 00 00 27. 00 00 29.00 60,32. 50 70 32.911 30 31. 40 2711.3010.20 3.25 3.10,10.20 10.00 28.60,29.70 28.30,31.00 27 12.2511.00 3.50 3. 00,13. 00 10. 00 30. 60 29. 90|24. 30 30. 10 26:11. 00 ' 112. 25' i29. 10 28. 40|24. 70 30. 20 27' 9.50 1 '27.00128.70 26.10 29.31) 26 ! 1 8.00 7.40 27.53 30 50 24.80,30.70 50 7.80 24.40 26.30 25.50,31.01) 10. 50,11. 10 26. 70 28. 00 25. 40,29. 70 8.40 8.00 25.40 22.301 1 10. 40 12. 00 24. 80!23. .50| t 8. 50 7. 50 24. 30125. .50 28. 80 34. 70 .3031.00,37.30 ..40.00 131.97 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 43 Table 3S.— Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Nov. 15- Dec. 13- Ilogs per 100 lbs. Beef cattle do... Veal calves do... Sheep do... Lambs do... Milch cows per head. Horses do. .. Turkeys perlb. Chickens do. .. Eggs per doz. Honey comb per lb- Honey, extract do. . . Wool, unwashed do... Wool, washed do. . . Walnuts, black per bu. Hickory nuts do. . . Chestnuts do... Pecans do. . . Peanuts per lb. Apples per bu. Pears do. . . Beans do... Beans, soy do. . . Sweet potatoes do. . . Turnips do. . . Onions do... Cabbages per 100 lbs . Timothy hay per ton. Clover hay do. . . Alfalfa hay do. . . Prairie hay do. . . Clover seed per bu. Timothy seed do. . . Alfalfa seed do. . . Broom corn per ton. Pop corn perbu. Cottonseed per ton. Hops per lb. Paid by farmers: Clover seed per bu. Timothy seed do. . . Alfalfa seed do. . . Bran per ton. Cottonseed meal do . . . 1914 S7.00 6.02 7.71 4.6S 6.14 58.77 130. 00 .141 .111 .137 .111 .181 .240 1.19 2.19 4.01 .041 .7S 2.28 2! 15 .81 1.14 13. 69 12. 70 9.20 7.49 8.02 2. .34 7.29 66.00 1.59 14.01 .156 10.06 3.11 8.45 26.40 28. 36 1913 S7.33 5.99 7.70 4.27 5.64 57. 71 136.00 .152 .114 .313 .141 .118 .156 .0J4 .94 .93 2.20 1.57 .73 .56 1.15 1.58 7. 33 2.08 6.36 100.00 1.69 22. 46 .260 9.13 2.87 7.65 26.47 31.97 S7.05 5.22 6.77 4.05 5.37 47.38 139.00 .144 .108 .138 .120 .186 .244 .65 1. 12 .04; .64 .79 2. 25 ..84 1.04 9. 06 1.82 8. 23 69.00 1.41 18.57 .19; 11.23 2.67 9.73 25. 66 29. 37 4.36 6.10 3.65 4.68 42.70 136.00 $7.61 4.48 6.39 4.63 5.54 43. 34 143.00 .136 .124 .156 .215 .044 .73 .85 2.34 1.03 1.51 10. 37 6.90 16.69 .414 26.72 30. 12 .137 .125 .179 .260 .04; .89 1.01 2.14 .95 1.30 7.70 4.0s 96. 00 $7.16 5.96 7.74 4.46 5.8-5 57.19 135. 00 .155 .113 .329 .140 .116 .161 .04.S 1.04 .0.8 2.12 1. 72 .76 .55 1.15 1.75 7.70 2.10 6.60 92.00 1.66 25. 36 23. 48 142 . 294 S6.89 5.33 6.88 4.21 5.70 Oct. 15— 87.43 6.23 7.97 4.81 6.09 48. 62 59. 53 139.00 131.00 .148 .141 . 106 . 120 . 298 . 23' .14 .120 .186 . 235 .70 .046 .73 .81 1.15 9. 00 1.79 7.86 57.00 1.57 21.42 .17J .135 .111 .180 .237 .68 1.12 2. 40 4.08 .04.;; .56 .80 2.17 2.08 .79 .88 1.31 13.66 12. 47 8.96 7.59 8. 24 2.34 7.29 67.00 15. 28 .191 24.45 31.37 9.43 2.84 26.43 32.36 11.10 2.47 9.49 25.16 30.16 10.32 3.19 8.97 26.71 29. 44 $7.60 6.05 7.72 4.16 5.51 56.47 138.00 .146 .130 .260 .139 .116 .155 .226 .69 1.18 .048 .86 1.96 .78 1.10 1.69 7. 00 2. 02 6.P6 102. 00 22.01 .295 9.32 2.80 8.73 26. 52 31.94 1912 $7.70 5.36 6.90 4.19 5.42 47.30 140.00 . 136 .116 .248 .136 .1-23 .185 . 232 '. 66" 1.05 .017 .61 .83 2.34 .85 1.08 9. 37 1.95 7.87 70.00 18.04 .222 11.28 2.84 9.84 26. 58 30. 28 Wheat cts. per bu Corn do.. Oats do.. Barley do. . Rye do.. Buckwheat do. . Potatoe.'; do.. Fla.xseed do. . Hay dols. per ton Butter cts. per lb Eggs cts. per doz Chickens cts. per lb Cotton do. . Dec. 1. 98. 6 63.7 43. 8 54.3 86.5 76.4 48.9 125. 6 11.11 28.4 29. 7 11.3 6.8 79. 9 69.1 39.2 53.7 63.4 75. 5 68.7 119.9 12.43 29.2 33. 11.4 12.2 7(3, 48.7 31.9 50.5 66.3 66.1 .iO. 5 114.7 11. 7{ 28.8 29.7 10.8 11.9 87.4 61.8 45.0 86.9 83.2 72.6 79.9 1.82. 1 14.64 27.4 28.7 9.6 8.8 88.3 4.8.0 34.4 57.8 71.5 66.1 .55. 7 231.7 12. 26 27.8 29.0 10.6 14.2 76.2 48.9 32.2 49.9 63.8 66.8 50.6 106. 2 11.86 28.4 26.8 10.7 12.2 8.8. 62. 2 45.1 86.4 82. 7 14. .85 28.1 29.5 9.8 8.4 Nov. 1. 96.2 69.7 42.5 51.3 80.6 78.1 54.0 118.7 11.71 27. 2 25^2 11.9 6.3 77.0 70.7 37.9 54.7 63.2 75.5 69.6 118.7 12.26 28.2 27! 4 12.1 13.0 58.4 33.6 53.8 68.8 65.5 45.5 133.4 11.80 26.9 25.0 11.2 10. 9 44 FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 645. " Table 39. — Range of -prices of agricultural products at market centers. Product and market. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winlcr, St. Louis No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter, New York ' Corn per bushel: No. 2 mLxed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mLxed, New York ' Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago Baled hay per ton: No. I timothy, Chi- cago Hops, per pound: Choice, New York Wool pi^r pound: Ohio hua unwashed, Boston Best tub washed, St. Louis Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per poimd : Creamery, extra, New York Creamery, extra, Elgm Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh, New York Average best fresh, St. Louis Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York.. Dec. 1,1914. Nov., 1914. Oct., 1914. Nov., 1913. Nov., 1912, $1. 12' 1.14i 1.26 .63 .63? .473 .48" 1.08 15.00 .26 .23 .31 .331 .32 .43 .27 .14i $1. 13i 1.15J 1.26 .63 J .64 .47A .48| 1.08 J 15.50 .28 .24 .32 .32 .62 .27 .15 .08 • 111 .22 .63 .62| . 44J .47' .96 .00 .26 .23 .31 $1.01 1.02 1.13J .70 .71* .42 .44^ .88 00 14.00 36 .33 .23 .31 6.95 .29J .29 .31 .20 .144 .48-1 . 48J .96 16.50 .50 .25 .32 8.60 .33J .31^ .55 .24i .154 .92 . 73.', .651 .794 .39 .37-1 .61 16.50 .43 .20 .28 7.40 .32 .31 .36 .28 .151 .95,1 .97 .00^ .77 .681 .83 .4U .39i .66 .50 .48 .21 .28 «0.94 .98* 1.05 . 454 .50" .31 .301 .59| 16.00 .31 .24 .36 ..32 .29 .40 .25 .17} 81.09 1.07 J 1.08 .62 .58} .33 J .31i 18.00 .33 .37 .34 .60 .26 .17^ ' F. o. b. afloat. * September colored- September to April, inclusive; new colored, May to July, inclusive; colored, August. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 45 WASHINGTON : GOVEllXilEXT PttlNTlXG OFFICE : 1914 U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 651 Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. February 6, 1915. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Page. Live stock on farms, January 1, 1915 1 Live-stock values per head 3 Yearly marketings of live stock 3 Effect of war on exports of horses 3 Foot-and-mouth disease 4 Stocks of potatoes, January 1 , 1915 5 Fall seedings iii cotton States 7 Crop-value comparisons 8 Page. Trend of prices of farm products 10 Apple cold-storage holdings and the market . . 10 Production of upland long-staple cotton 12 Estimated number on farms and value of do- mestic animals (tables) 14 Prices of farm products (tables) 20 International Institute crop report 29 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF MARCH CROP REPORT. On Monday, March 8, at 2.15 p. m., the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Department of Agriculture, will issue a report relating, mainly^ to stocks of grain in farmers' hands. The report will give an estimate of the amount of wheat, com, oats, and barley of the 1914 crop on farms in the United States on March 1; the proportion of each of these crops which will be shipped out of counties where grown, and the percentage of the 1914 corn crop which was of merchantalile quality. Detailed estimates, by States, will be published in the March issue of the Agricultural Outlook. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS, JANUARY 1, 1915. In this issue of the Agricultural Outlook are given estimates of the numbers and values of live stock on farms and ranges, by States as well as for the United States, on January 1, 1915. Similar estimates for previous years are also given for the purpose of comparison. The immbers of every class of live stock — that is, horses, mules, milch COWS, other cattle, sheep, and swine — increased during the past year. Such geneial increase has not occurred in any of the previous five years. The increase in numbers of horses amounted to 233,000, or 1.1 per cent; of mules to 30,000, or 0.7 i)er cent; of milch cows to 525,000, or 2.5 per cent; of other cattle to 1,212,000, or 3.4 per cent; of sheep to 237,000, or 0.5 per cent; of swine to 5,685,000, or 9.6 per cent. The total value of all live stock on farms and ranges January 1 is estunated at $5,969,253,000, an increase of $78,024,000, or 1.3 per cent, over the valuation a year ago. Of tKis total valuation nearly 79334°— Bull. 651—15 1 2 farmers' bulletin 651, one-half is for work animals, and the other half for food animals. During the past year the prices as weU as the total value of work animals decreased, but the prices as well as the total value of food a,nimals increased. Swine alone of the food animals decreased some- what in price per head, although their aggregate value is higher than a year ago. The value of horses per head has been tending downward moder- ately for the past two years; the decline during the past year, how- ever, has been more material. The loss is severest in the cotton- growing States and in the surplus breeding States. Undoubtedly the depression in the cotton situation is responsible to a great extent for this dechne in value and much more than offsets any tendency toward increased prices from foreign demand for horses for war purposes. Mules, which are used in the South more extensively than horses, declined in value more than did horses. Milch cows have increased more during the past year than usual; that is, 2.5 per cent, which is somewhat greater than the rate of increase of population in the United States; but, notwithstanding this increase, their values have continued to increase. At the present time an average cov/ is worth more than $55, whereas five years ago the average cow was worth only about $35. One of the most significant features of the live-stock situat^ion at the present time is the turn from a long, steady dechne in numbers of beef cattle to an increase, the increase for the year being 3.4 per cent. In the live-stock markets relatively smaller marketings of calves and cows in the past year indicate the disposition to increase supphes. Notwithstanding the increased numbers, the value per head was about 7 per cent higher than a yea,r ago. Sheep declined in numbers during the year in the eastern farming States, but increased on the ranges. The spring of 1914 was favor- able for saving the lamb crop; wool has been fairly remunerative in price of late; feed supply on the ranges is fairly liberal; and, conse- quently, there is an effort toward renewing, or increasing, sheep rais- ing on the ranges. In Montana and Wyoming the opening of new settlements is decreasing the range area, but not to an extent suffi- cient to offset the tendency to increase in other sections of the range country. Swine increased to a greater extent than any other class of stock during the past year. This is due partly to diminished effect of the ravages of hog cholera, and partly to a favorable year for breedmg stock. In consequence of the large increase in numbers, the value per head has dechned moderately, but prices are stiU relatively high, and the total value of aU swine in the country was higher on January 1 than in any previous year on that date. Tables 7 to 12, giving the details, will l)e found on pages 14 to 19. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 LIVE-STOCK VALUES PER HEAD. Table 1. — Years of lowest and highest United States averages since 1866, and values Jan. 1, 1915. Lowest. Highest. Increase, per cent. Value per Class of animals. Value per head. Year. Value per head. Year. head, Jan. 1, 1915. $31. 51 41.66 21.40 14.06 1.58 3.18 1897 1897 1892 1895 1895 1879 8111.46 125. 92 55.33 33.38 4.50 10.40 1911 1911 1915 1916 1915 1914 254 202 159 137 185 227 $103.33 Mules 112. 36 .55.33 33.38 4.50 9.87 YEARLY MARKETINGS OF LIVE STOCK. The combined receipts of hogs, cattle, and sheep at Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Sioux City, St. Joseph, and St. Paul yearly since 1900 were as follows : Table 2. Year.i 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 Cattle.2 Hogs. 7, 179, 344 18, .573, 177 7,708,839 20,339,864 8,375,408 17,289,427 8,878,789116,780,2.50 8,690,699 17,778,827 9,202,083 9,373,825 9, 590, 710 18,988,9.33 19,223,792 19,544,617 Sheep. 7,061,466 7,798,359 9,177,050 9, 680, 692 9,604,812 10,572,259 10, 864, 437 9, 857, 877 Year. 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Cattle. 8,827,360 9,189,312 9,116,687 8, 629, 109 8, 061, 494 7,904,552 7, 182, 239 Hogs. 22,863,701 18,834,641 14,853,472 19,926,54" 19, 771, 825 19,924,331 18,272,091 Sheep. 9,833,640 10,284,905 12,366,375 13, 521, 492 13, 733, 980 14,a?7,830 13,272,491 1 Figures for 1900-1909, hiclusive, were taken from the Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance of the United States: 1910, and subsequently, from official reports of the stock yards in the cities mentioned. 2 The receipts of calves (not included m "cattle") at the stock yards of Chicago, Kansas City, St. Joseph, St. Paul, and Sioux Citv, combined, were about 664,000 in 1914, as compared with about 741,000 in 1913, about 910,000 in 1912, 975,000 iu 1911, 981,000 in 1910, and 869,000 in 1909. EFFECT OF WAR ON EXPORTS OF HORSES. By G. A. Bell, Senior Animal Hushandvian, Bureau of Animal Industry. During the four months September to December, 1914, inclusive, about 75,000 horses were exported from the United States. In addi- tion to these several thousand more have been purchased for export by the agents of the warring nations. It has been feared by some that there would be such large numbers exported as to cause an acute shortage of horses in this countiy. There is, however, no apparent immediate danger of this. The 1910 census gave 3,182,789 as the number of hoi^es not on farms. There has probably not been any appreciable decrease in that number since then. That number added to the 21,195,000, the num- ber estimated by the Department of Agriculture, on farms January 1, 1915, makes a total of over 24,000,000 horses in this countiy, and we could sell two or three times the number already exported without there being an appreciable shortage of work horses. Three times 4 . FAEMEES BULLETIN 651. the number exported during tlie last four months of the past year, or 225,000, would be less than 1 per cent of our horse stock. Further- more, the kind of horses which have been purchased are for the most part very mediocre animals, which would ordinarily sell for less than $100 per head and are a class of which we can well afford to be rid. But a small percentage of the animals exported are mares and most of these are doubtlessly either old mares or nonbreeders. The big demand for horses will probably occur after peace has been declared. At that time the countries now at war, with the exception of Russia, will no doubt be very short of horses for their agricultural and other work. According to the best information obtainable European Russia had, prior to the outbreak of the war, about 25,000,000 horses, and is the only country having more horses thtm the United States. This country and Russia together have 50 per cent of all the horses in the world. The world's stock is estimated to be about 100,000,000. A very large number of the horses in Russia will be destroyed in the war and the remainder will no doubt be needed by Russia for her own agricultural and other work. The demands on this country, which has one-fourth of the world's supply of horses, will, therefore, be large and Avill probably continue for a number of years, for the rehabilitation of the depleted horse stock of any country is a slow process. This country, however, will be in position to meet this demand if the farmers owning good mares will see that they are bred. The owners of such mares should see that they are bred to high-class stallions and produce the kind of stock for which there is always a good market. The production of superior animals of any kind is generally profitable, while the production of inferior ones is seldom so. FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE AND THE NUMBER OF LIVE STOCK. Contrihuted by the Bureau of Animal Industry. - The most extensive outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease ever known in the United States now seems to be under control, as a result of the vigorous policy of eradication followed. While the loss is considera- ble, it so" far amounts to but a very small proportion of the aggregate value of the live-stock mdustry of the country. Twenty States and the District of Columbia have been more or less affected since the definite discovery of the disease last October in the vicinity of Niles, Mich. These States are Connecticut, Dela- ware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massa- chusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, A'irginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. A campaign to check the spread of the disease and to stamp it out was immediately begun by the United vStates Department of Agri- THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 5 culture in cooperation with the State autjiorities. Quarantines against the movement of animals and certain materials from the infected areas were declared, shipments were traced, rumors investi- gated, and thorough inspections made in an effort to discover all infected stock. As measures of eradication, diseased herds are being slaughtered and buried and the premises dismfected. By January 31 the work of eradication was practically completed in all but seven of the infected States, and further progress is con- tinually being made, notwithstanding the occurrence of occasional new cases. There have been slaughtered 2,046 herds, consisting of 46,268 cattle, 7,151 sheep, 22 goats, and 47,735 swine, of an aggregate estimated value of $3,399,110.26. Illinois has had the largest infected area, 50 out of a total of 102 counties being affected. In this State 484 herds have been slaugh- tered, comprising 14,053 cattle, 378 sheep and goats, and 21,587 swine, of a total appraised value of -11,146,985. Pennsylvania has had infection in 24 out of 67 counties, and 654 herds, valued at $721,619.30, have been slaughtered. In Michigan 236 herds and in Ohio 169 herds have been slaughtered. None of the remaining States have had over 50 herds affected, and Virginia and Washington have had onl}' one herd each. The total number of cattle in the United States on January 1, 1915, is estimated at 58,329,000. The number of cattle slaughtered in stampmg out foot-and-mouth disease is therefore less than eight one- hundred ths of 1 per cent of the total number, and if there is no further extension of the infection the number of known affected herds remain- ing to be slaughtered will probably not raise the total loss beyond one- tenth of 1 per cent. The number of animals slaughtered does not exceed the number killed in two or three days in some of the larger packing-house centers. So far the losses are mainly local and have had no appreciable general effect on the country's total supply of meat and dairy animals. The owners of live stock and other property destroyed on account of the disease are reimbursed to the extent of the appraised value, half of which is paid by the Federal Government and half by the State. If the plague had been temporized with a,nd had gotten beyond control, the United States would doubtless have had to endure per- manently an annual loss of many millions of dollars. STOCKS OF POTATOES JANUARY 1, 1915. Unusually large stocks of potatoes were held on January 1 in the large potato-producing States, according to reports of correspondents of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. Southern potato growers who 6 PAEMEKS BULLETIN 651. compete in the spring months with the stocks carried over in the northern States should recognize this fact — that supphes of northern potatoes are larger than in any of the past five years. Prices are unusually low, and therefore may not decline further, but m.aterial advances in the next few months can not be forecast from present supplies. The estimates indicate that 52.8 per cent of the marketable supply of potatoes of the 1914 crop remained in the hands of producers or dealers on January 1 in the States included in the investigation, wliich compares with 51.6 per cent of the 1913 crop held on January 1, 1914, 49.6 per cent similarly held two years ago, 41.7 three years ago, and 51.1 four and five years ago. If, for the purpose of comparison, these percentages be applied to the estimates of total production, it shows, in the States included (which produced 78 per cent of the United States crop), a total of 166,846,000 bushels January 1, 1915, compared with 123,292,000 a year ago, 149,845,000 two years ago, 90,778,000 three years ago, 133,411,000 four years ago, and 142,381,000 bushels five years ago. One feature of the situation is that stocks are held by growers more largely than usual; this year their holdings on January 1 were nearly 5.6 times the amount held by dealers, whereas in the past five years their holdings have averaged 4.0 times the amount held by dealers. The United States seldom imports or exports relatively a large quantity of potatoes. Therefore the European war has no material direct bearing upon the potato market of the United States. Detailed estimates by States are given in Table 3. Table 3. — Stocks of potatoes, Jan. 1, 1915. Total produc- tion, hushels (000 omitted). Stock in growers' hands, Jan. 1. Stock in dealers' haiids, Jan. 1. Total stock, hushels (000 omitted). Price per bushel- State and year. Per cent of crop. Bushels (000 omitted). Per cent of crop. Bushels (000 omitted). Dec. 1. Mar. 1. New England: 49,073 39, 102 35, 592 30,925 53,215 26, 640 38,160 27, 750 28, 140 23,320 28,885 15,120 9,936 8,930 9,936 6,132 51 46 48 48 55 55 47 35 41 38 33 23 S 6 13 6 25,027 17,874 17,084 14,844 29,268 14,630 17,935 9,712 11,537 8,854 9,532 3,478 795 534 1,292 368 9 11 7 6 3 4 4 5 11 8 5 4 2 3 4 4,417 4,388 2,491 1,856 29,444 22, 262 19,575 16,700 Cents. 42 01 59 82 44 80 58 90 ,58 80 93 01 82 66 105 Cents. 1913-14 1912-13 54 1911-12 112 New York: 1914-15 1,596 30,864 1,004 1 15,694 1,526 ; 19.461 1913-14 78 1912-13 63 1911-12 1,388 1,970 2,563 2,311 11,100 13,507 11,417 11,813 109 Pennsylvania: 1914-15 1913-14. .. 81 1912-13 62 1911-12 756 1 4,234 115 New Jersey: 1914 15 397 178 298 245 1,192 712 1,.590 613 1913-14 88 1912-13 71 1911-12 114 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. Table 3. — Stocks of potatoes, Jan. 1, 19 IS^Couthnied. Total produc- tion, bushels (000 omitted). Stock in hands, gi'owers' Jan. 1. Stock in hands, dealers' Jan. 1. Total stock, bushels (000 omitted). Price per bushel — state and year. Per cent of crop. Bushels (000 omitted). Per cent of crop. Bushels (000 omitted). Dec. 1. Mar. 1. Ohio: 1914 15 14,2.50 10, 240 20,832 12,350 6,000 3,975 9,918 5,162 7,440 5, 750 13,837 6,900 44,044 33,600 36,750 31,020 37,696 32, 155 34,920 32, 480 30,780 30,250 33,075 25,875 12, 642 7,200 18,966 12, 876 9,440 5,664 9,440 6,032 4,464 2,920 5,740 1,760 8, 760 9,200 8,075 3, 1.50 315, 880 238, 946 304,126 217,532 261, 141 298,308 34 26 31 25 33 30 31 22 28 21 17 20 52 49 51 41 54 53 51 37 36 37 41 32 23 20 31 15 38 27 32 25 10 10 19 11 50 55 60 45 44.7 42.1 39.8 33.1 40.2 41.2 4,845 2,652 6,459 3,088 1,980 1,200 3,075 1,136 2,083 1,218 2,352 1,3,80 22,903 16,964 18,742 12,718 20,356 17,066 14,809 12,018 11,081 11,174 13, 561 8,2S0 2,908 1,440 5,879 1,931 3,587 1,539 3,021 1,508 446 290 1,091 194 4,380 5,060 4,845 1,418 141,196 100,495 119,678 72,072 104,954 122,997 9 10 12 12 16 16 10 15 5 11 10 8 12 11 10 10 10 11 11 9 13 15 12 19 2 15 10 9 1 10 5 8 14 6 8 8.1 9.5 9.8 8.6 10.9 9.9 1,282 1,020 2, ,500 864 720 640 1,587 516 1,116 290 1,522 1,035 3,524 4,032 4,042 3,102 3,770 3,220 3,841 3,573 2,770 3,926 5,161 3, 105 2,402 144 2,845 1,288 8.50 456 7.55 603 223 232 804 123 613 644 484 252 25,650 22,797 30, 167 18, 706 28,457 29,384 6,127 3,672 8,959 3,952 2,700 1,840 4,662 1,652 3,199 1,508 3,874 2,415 26, 427 20,996 22,784 15,820 24,126 20,286 18,650 15,591 13,851 15,100 18,722 11,385 5,310 4,320 8,724 3,219 4,437 2,095 3,776 2.111 669 522 1,895 317 4,993 5,704 5,329 1.670 166,846 123, 292 149,845 90,778 133,411 142,381 Cents. 53 85 53 84 56 84 50 87 61 89 60 90 30 55 41 71 30 54 34 62 32 52 28 58 59 82 46 73 54 78 51 92 77 91 73 106 50 65 41 99 43.2 66.2 48.6 77.6 49.5 50.0 Cents. 1913-14 83 1912-13 58 1911-12 114 Indiana: 1914-15 1913-14 84 1912-13 54 , 1911-12 110 Illinois: 1914-15 1913-14 87 1912-13 62 1911-12 113 Michigan: 1914 15 1913-14 53 1912-13 38 1911-12 89 Wisconsin: 1914 15 1913-14 55 1912-13 32 1911-12 85 Minnesota: 1914-15 1913-14 55 1912-13 28 1911-12... . 84 Iowa: 1914 15 1913-14 93 1912-13. .50 1911-12 110 Nebraska: 1914 15 1913-14 84 1912-13 52 1911-12 124 Kansas: 1914 15 1913-14 98 1912-13 76 1911-12 132 Colorado: 1914 15 1913-14 60 1912-13 43 1911-12 100 Total a!)Ove: 1914 15 1913-14 67.0 1912-13 47.7 1911-12 101.4 1910-11.'. 46.9 1909-10 47.3 PALL SEEDINGS IN COTTON STATES. The amount of oats sown in the cotton States the past fall was 102 per cent larger than the amount sown in the fall of 1913, according to esthnates of crop correspondents made withm the past month. The oats acreage in the cotton States in 1914 was estimated at 4,355,000 acres, of which 43 per cent was planted in autumn and 57 per cent in spring. These figures would indicate that in the cotton States about FAEMEES' BULLETIN 651. 1,900,000 acres more were sown to oats last fall than in the fall of 1913. In December the Department of Agriculture estimated the acreage sown last fall to wheat in the cotton-growing States as 7,271,000 acres, as com.pared with 5,459,000 the preceding year^ — an increase of 33 per cent, or 1,812,000 acres. The estimated increases of fall seedings, by States, are shown in Table 4. Table 4. — Increased fall seedings in cotton States. State. Tall-sown %\"heat. Increase, per cent. Increase, acres. Fall-sown oats. Increase, per cent. Increase, acres. Cotton, acres, 1914, prelimi- nary. Per cent of fall- sown to cotton acreage. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas Tennessee Oklahoma 75 200 118 470,000 164,000 170, 000 185 125 63,000 1,000 228, 000 56, 000 145,000 515, 000 56 112 96 64 116 147 189 66 211 127 133 98, 000 336, 000 328,000 20,000 258,000 1.56,000 94,000 291,000 154,000 124,000 44,000 1,600,000 2,800,000 5, 375, 000 195, 000 3,875,000 3,120,000 1,360,000 11,930,000 2,525,000 890,000 2,825,000 Total above. 33 1,812,000 1,903,000 36,722,000 The increase hi the acreage sown to fall wheat and oats in the cotton States appears to have been about 3,700,000 acres, or over 10 per cent of the acreage planted to cotton last year. Reports received indicate an intention to increase considerably the acreage of spring planting of corn and spring-so\vn oats. CROP- VALUE COMPARISONS. The estimated total value of 13 crops — ^corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, flaxseed, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, hay, tobacco, and lint cotton — ^iji the United States, by States, in order of their rank in 1914, is given in Table 5. Values used are farm values on Decem- ber 1 as estimated by the Department of Agriculture, except for cot- ton in the years 1909-1911 ; in those years values given by the Bureau of the Census for lint ginned from the respective crops of those years were used. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 Table 5. — Estimated value in 1914 of 13 crops considered by the United States Deparfmcnl of Agriculture, with comparisons. Iowa Illinois Texas Kansas Nebraska . . Ohio Missouri Indiana Minnesota.... Pennsylvania New York... G eorj;ia Wisconsin... North Dakota Michigan.. Oklahoma N. Carolina. . Kentucky Alabama South Dakota Tonnossoe S. Carolina... Mississippi... California Arkansas Washington. Virginia Louisiana... Montana Colorado Oregon Maryland . . . West Virginia Idaho Maine New Jersey.. 29,441 Vermont.."... 23,449 M a s s a h u- Valuo of crops named in text (000 omitted). setts , Connecticut. Utah Florida . . . Wyoming N. Hampshire N. Mexico. Nevada . . . Delaware Arizona Rhode Island g;3r.i,45o 319,656 288, 335 287, 662 210, 099 207, 337 192, 9S1 189, ,W3 180, 432 173, 967 161,919 1.5.1,167 152,321 144,293 139, 899 1.34,1.59 124,918 118,325 114,255 106, 488 106, 456 101,373 93, 882 91,261 81,883 75,653 73, 995 64, 767 47, 893 46,111 44,418 42, 893 38, 937 38,191 34,039 20,839 20, 799 19, 743 19, 405 16, .352 12,920 10,377 9, ,832 9,437 6,894 2,437 .S327, 996 295, 046 400, 231 124,136 162,078 212, 434 174, .520 18.5,917 194,178 168, 998 148,767 217,753 155, 465 105,356 122,555 111,532 1.50, 203 110,654 156,175 94, .397 114,249 139,076 130, 622 88,897 103, 132 73,246 100,807 73,335 41,214 43,149 40,069 35,089 42, 213 .3.5,294 35,553 30, .337 24, 332 18,432 18,930 17,698 19,688 12,851 11,201 9,017 9,980 7,810 8,818 2,451 $287, 065 342, 861 244, 721 189,091 17.3,512 197,288 188, .524 181,234 168, 706 130,010 132, 620 176,959 121,048 168,292 114,808 112,344 102, 783 114,202 108, 095 109, 353 93,341 109, 699 107, a54 71,994 86,611 64,340 71,1.53 47,577 22, 394 31,416 33,140 31,454 27, 749 28, 816 27,830 23,396 18, .577 14,916 14,872 13,682 14,932 7,. 508 9,233 5,. 591 4, 082 6,543 3, 993 2, 0.30 U. S. - - 4, 9.36, 893 4, 905, 881 4, a57, 445 4, 633, 529 5, 4,S6, 615 .?284,280 307,593 336, 725 164,844 1.53, 869 202, 084 188,689 172,499 174,074 160, 346 149,913 188,709 139,157 123,448 125,501 117,618 126, 456 114,784 132, 952 91,894 108, 188 121,920 117,385 91,729 96,881 69, 465 81,924 60,247 35,264 37, 722 39, 803 34,520 35,. 5.56 34,513 34, 834 27, 813 23, 197 17,524 18,837 16,262 17,384 12, 899 11,216 8,282 8,1,81 7,649 6,604 2,295 26 S o fl-d „, ! OJ Q i2§§ 35 > .?314,666; 372, 270 298,133 214,860 196, 126 230, 338 220, 664 204,210 193,451 166, 740 209, IBS 226,59. 148,359 180,636 162,005 133,454 142,890 138, 973 144,287 125,507 120,706 . 141,983 147,316 153,111 119,419 78, 927 100, 531 77, .330 29, 715 50. 975 49,041 43, 920 40, 375 34,358 39,318 40, 341 27, 447 31, 948 22, 488 18, 48.5 36,142 10,023 15. 976 8, 922 5,924 9,122 5,497 3,937 P.d. 91 92 82 88 88 86 85 89 87 78 63 78 82 93 71 84 72 82 8' 58 Rank of StTte Value of crops named itanK 01 btate. ^^ ^^^^ ^g^^j__ Crops named in text. TTl CO P.Ct. + 7.2 + 8.3 - 2.8.0 + 131 P.Ct +23.6 + 3.9 -14.4 + 74.5 + 29.6 +36.5 2.4 10.6 2.0 7.1 2, + 8.8 - 28 -2.0 + 37.0 + 14.2 + 20.3 - 16.8 + 6.9 - 26.8 + 12.8 -6.8 - 27.1 - 28.1 + 2.7 - 20.6 + 3.3 - 26.6 - 11. + 16.2 + 6.9 + 10.9 + 22.2 -7.8 + 8.2 4.3 -3.0 -3.6 13.1 9.9 11.6 - 1.4 + 27.2 + 15.3 + 15.1 1.5 + 20.8 - 21.8 -0.6 + 2.6 + 2.3 + 9.9 + 3.7 + 8.5 + 8.0 -17.8 + 9.5 +16. 9 + 11.5 +14.1 -1.2 + 3.1 -14.1 +15.9 c3'-< P.Ct. + 22.4 -6.8 + 17.8 + 52. 1 + 21.1 + .5.1 + 2.4 + 4.6 + 7.0 + 3.3.8 + 22.1 - 12.3 + 25.8 - 14.3 + 21.9 + 19.4 + 21.5 + 3.6 + 5.7 -2.6 - 1.6+ 14.1 -16. 9 - 7. 20. - 12. 3 0. 5 + 26. 8 -15.5- 5.5 + 8.9 -9.7 + 7.5 +35.8 +22.2 +11.6 +24.3 + 9.5 + 10.7 -2.3 + .5.9 + LI + 17.6 + 4.0 + 36.1 + 113.9 + 46.8 + 34.0 + 36.4 + 40.3 + 32.5 + 22.3 + 25.8 + 26.2 fl8.9+ 39.7 + 10.4 + 39.9 + 21.4+ 44.3 +11.6 +26.8 +15.2 + 25.3 +20.2 +23.4 + 4.4 + 6.2 + 0. 6 + 6. 5 + 13. 3 + .30.0 + 117.8 + 39.9 + 85.6 + 140.9 + 44.2 + 72.7 + 20.0 79334°— Bull. 651—15- 10 FARMEKS' BULLETIN 651. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops increased about 2.9 per cent during December; in the past six years the price level has increased during December 1.1 per cent. On January 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 4.6 per cent lower than a year ago, 14 per cent higher than two years ago, and 1.4 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on January 1. Tlie level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals decreased 2.7 per cent during the month from Novem- ber 15 to December 15. This compares with an average decline from November 15 to December 15 in the past four years of 1.8 per cent. On December 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.61 per 100 pounds, which compares with $6.85 a year ago, $6.42 two years ago, $5.37 three years ago, and $6.21 four years ago on December 15. A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 13 to 21. APPLE COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS AND THE MARKET. By Clarence \V. Moomaw, Specialist in Cooperative Organization, Office of Markets and Rural Organization. Although dealers generally report that the holiday demand for apples did not prove to be as expected, the result of investigations conducted by the OfRce of Markets would indicate that the move- ment of cold-storage apples during the month of December was satisfactory under the conditions. The following recapitulation may be of service to growers, dealers, and cold storages in arriving at helpful conclusions regarding the present and future of the season's cold-storage deal: Number of apple cold storages reporting for January 1, 1915 306 60 75 7, 093, 691 3, 437, 621 2, 792, 235 Number reporting on October 15, 1914, but not reporting January 1, 1915 Number reporting on December 1, 1914, but not reporting January 1, 1915 Total capacity of firms reporting January 1, 1915 barrels. Holdings January 1, 1915 (2,517,912 barrels and 2,759,128 boxes). . .do. . . Holdings January 1, 1913 (1,839,057 barrels and 2,859,535 boxes), .do. . . Of the 306 firms reporting for January 1, 1915, only 231 reported December 1, 1914. The holdings of these 231 firms upon the two dates mentioned were as follows: December 1 (2,232,613 barrels and 2,306,236 boxes) ban-els.. 3,001,358 January 1 (1,872,627 barrels and 2,208,175 boxes) do 2, 608, 685 The total movement from these storages in December thus amounted to 392,673 barrels. If the average condition for 231 cold THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. H storages situated in. all parts of the country is a criterion, approxi- mately 13 per cent of the total cold-storage holduigs December 1 were marketed prior to January 1. Analy;:ing the movement for barrels and boxes, it is noted that according to these reports the movement of barreled apples has been much greater than the movement of boxed apples. It is seen that during the month of December 359,986 barrels were marketed, whereas the movement of boxes amounted to only 98,061; or, in other words, approximately 16 per cent of barrels were moved as against 4.2 per cent of boxes. Remembering that cold-storage apples met with heavy competi- tion in the distribution of common-storage stock, it is apparent that the movement of barreled apples in December, as indicated by the above recapitidation, was hberal. Common-storage apples are chiefly marketed prior to January 1, and the entire common-storage holdings as a rule are out of the way by February 1. This does not mean that high prices can be expected, but rather that the fruit ought to move gradually to meet the heavy demand which has been created during the past few months as the result of bountiful supply and low prices. With common-storage apples out of the way, the demand for remaining cold-storage stock will increase proportionately. January trade in apples may not be typical of the winter-apple market, for the reason that immediately following the holidays dealers do not take on large supplies as a rule, because consumption is curtailed as the result of Christmas purchases. However, it is reasonable to expect that the reports for February 1 will show a movement relatively as liberal as the movement of December. The percentage' of movement in December for box apples was small, but it is to be remembered that large quantities of this pack are held in common storage in the box-apple producmg areas, and that box apples placed in cold storage under conditions existing this year were held largely for the later winter markets. The cold- storage holdings of apples are admittedly large, and a regular, vigor- ous movement throughout the remainder of the season may be nec- essary to prevent disaster in the spring. Growers and dealers are urged neither, to dump their holdings nor to stand for arbitrarily high prices. Panicky selling usually means grief, but all concerned should seek to move cold-storage apples gradually and with such rapidity as the market allows, so that the deal may be wound up in relatively good shape. Referring to the response of cold storages to the inquiries of the Office of Markets, it is gratifymg to note that 75 additional firms reported their holdings January 1. The capacity of storages report- ing December 1 was 5,465,310 barrels, whereas the capacity of those reportmg for Januai-y 1 was 7,093,691 barrels. It is hoped that other 12 FARMERS BULLETIN 651. cold storages which have not rephed to previous inquiries will realize the importance of these investigations to growers, dealers, and storages alike, and will cooperate with this office to the end that these reports may be of the utmost service. PRODUCTION OF UPLAND LONG-STAPLE COTTON, 1^3^ OVER. INCHES AND As a result of frequent requests for information regarding long- staple cotton, the Bureau of Crop Estimates has made an inquiry to determine what percentage of the total crop is long staple, where this staple is principally produced, and the usual yields and seMing prices compared with short-staple cotton. While the bureau's inquiry restricted the tenn "long staple" to lint l^Q inches or over in length, many correspondents reported under this head cotton of less length, but known locally as long staple. Wherever it was evident that this misunderstanding existed such reports have been disregarded, but it is probable that this oversight on the part of correspondents has resulted in showing the percentage raised of staple 1 -^g inches and over in length and its yield per acre as so.mewhat higher and the price received lower than the actual facts warrant. The reports received from the voluntary correspondents, supple- mented by the investigations of the field agents of the bureau, m the cotton States indicate the approximate percentages shown in Table 6 of long staple (1^ inches and over), short staple (under 1^ inches), and sea island cotton produced in 1914, with the yields secured and the prices obtained for each: Table 6.- Uplcind long-staplr. short-staple, and sea- islaiid cotton: Relative production, yields per acre, and prices. State. Proportion of entire cotton crop. Yie Ids per acie. Prices. Long. Short. Sea island. Long. Short, ii. Long. Short. Sea island. Per cent. 1.0 1.4 4.0 2.5 7.0 . 5 11.0 2.0 .3 1.0 6.0 .5 2.0 25.0 Per cent. 99.0 98.6 95.4 95.0 38.0 99.5 89.0 98.0 99.7 99.0 94.0 99.5 98.0 75.0 ' Per cent. '""o.'e' 2.5 .55.0 Pounds. 230 250 265 210 155 255 215 150 175 185 185 ISO 325 500 Pounds. 255 283 256 237 220 209 194 162 183 212 198 196 295 500 Pounds. ""UQ 185 165 Cents. 9.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 13.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 10.0 7.0 8.7 9.3 9.0 10.2 Cents. 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.6 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.0 Cents. 19.0 15.8 Florida fs.o Alabama Texas Oklahoma Arkansas " Temiessee MissoUi"! California THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 13 The maximum production of long staple in the rich delta lands of the lower Mississippi Valley, to which this type was, until recent years, largely confined, was between 300,000 and 400,000 bales. Since the coming of the boll weevil, to which the older varieties of long staple appear to have been particularly susceptible, the pro- duction there seems to have diminished to about half the former maximum production and in some counties to have almost entii-ely ceased. The entire production of the United States, as indicated by these reports, is slightly over 400,000 bales, but, as before explained, these figures probably include some of the longer varieties under 1^^ inches in length. vSome light on the production of l|-inch Imt, considered as long- staple upland in many classifications, may be gained from the state- ment in Department Bulletin 121, showing the annual consumption by the United States and Canadian mills to be about 850,000 bales of this length compared with 280,000 bales of the length of 1^^ inches and over. Assuming the same proportions, this would indicate a total production of considerably over 1,000,000 bales of cotton 1| inches and over in length in 1914, The princix^al areas of present production, additional to the delta lands extending through western and northwestern Mississix^pi, east- ern and southeastern Arkansas, northeastern Louisiana, and into Tennessee, already mentioned, appear to be the counties on the Red River or its tributaries in southwestern Arkansas and northeastern Texas; the counties of Darlington, Chesterfield, and Marlboro in northern South Carolina, with some extension into the counties across the line in North Carolina; a group of counties along the Savannah River in Georgia and South Carolina; and small groups or isolated counties in other States. While the yields shown ia the table mdicate that long staple is only slightly less productive than short staple, and in several States even larger yields are shown, a study of the individual reports indicate that the yields per acre of long-staple varieties at present generally grown are less than those of short staple, as a rule. While certain improved varieties of long staple may give a yield of lint equal to that of short varieties, the favorable showing in the table for average yields of long staple in comparison with short is partly due to the fact that the long staple is grown by the more progressive farmers on better land and with better cultivation, while the short staple is the average for all farmers. The improved varieties of long-staple upland cotton developed in recent years by the specialists in the Bureau of Plant Industry of this department are fully equal in yield of lint to the average short-staple varieties. 14 FABMEKS' BULLETIN 651. ESTIMATED NUMBER ON FARMS AND VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Table 7. — Horses: Estimated number on farms, arid value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- parisons. Number (000 omitted). Value per head, Jan. 1. Total value Jan. 1 (000 omitted). State. Jan. 1, 1915. Jan. 1, 1914. Apr. 15, 1910 (census). 1915 1914 1910 1915 1914 Per cent.' Total. 1910 2 102 100 100 99 100 100 100 101 102 102 101 101 101 101 98 98 103 101 100 98 103 104 103 101 100 105 104 99 102 100 102 100 100 100 98 99 101 105 103 102 110 105 104 102 104 102 101 101 113 47 88 64 10 47 615 92 596 36 167 354 192 182 83 125 57 910 854 1,467 673 705 872 1,600 1,095 785 759 1,038 1,132 443 353 149 241 191 1,192 758 276 391 176 347 217 118 146 78 243 311 304 503 Ill 47 88 65 10 47 615 91 584 35 165 350 190 180 85 128 65 901 854 1,497 6.53 678 847 1,584 1,095 748 730 1,048 1,110 443 346 149 241 191 1,216 766 273 372 171 340 197 112 140 76 234 305 301 498 108 46 81 64 9 46 591 89 550 33 156 330 180 166 80 120 46 910 814 1,453 610 615 753 1,492 1,073 051 669 1,008 1,147 443 350 136 216 181 1,170 743 255 316 156 294 179 100 116 68 198 281 272 469 $146.00 127. 00 131. 00 1.55. 00 146.00 148. 00 142. 00 146. 00 134. 00 100.00 113. 00 109. 00 114. 00 130. 00 131. 00 119.00 121. 00 128. 00 114.00 105. 00 132. 00 131. 00 116.00 10.5. 00 88.00 110.00 89. 00 92. 00 93.00 95.00 100.00 96.00 86.00 83.00 78.00 81.00 76.00 86.00 79.00 85.00 55. 00 70.00 86.00 69.00 92.00 96.00 90.00 100. 00 $150.00 137. 00 129. 00 161.00 156.00 153. 00 145.00 157. 00 139.00 106.00 119.00 114. 00 122. 00 139. 00 144. 00 131. 00 122.00 132. 00 116.00 113.00 139.00 136. 00 125. 00 118.00 98.00 112. 00 96.00 94. 00 93.00 103.00 116. 00 113.00 95.00 85.00 80.00 85.00 93.00 102. 00 79. 00 83.00 55.00 73.00 91.00 78.00 96.00 106. 00 96.00 100. 00 $125. 00 106. 00 106. 00 128. 00 129. 00 126. 00 125. 00 134. 00 132. 00 106. 00 108. 00 107. 00 112. 00 121. 00 127.00 125. 00 109. 00 129.00 122. 00 124.00 126. 00 121.00 111.00 120.00 103. 00 114.00 10.5. 00 108. 00 107.00 105.00 112.00 9.5.00 85.00 79.00 73.00 81. 00 82.00 80.00 83. 00 85. 00 47.00 62.00 85.00 78.00 102. 00 108.00 103. 00 105.00 $16, 498 5,969 11,528 9,920 1,480 6,956 87,330 13, 432 79,864 3,600 18,871 38,586 21,888 23,660 10, 873 14, 875 6,897 116,480 97,356 154,035 8S, 836 92. 355 101, 152 168,000 96, 360 86,350 67,5.51 95, 496 105, 276 42,085 35,300 14, 304 20, 726 15,8.53 92, 976 61, 398 20, 976 33, 626 13,904 29,495 11,935 8,260 12,556 5,382 22. 356 29, 856 27, 360 50,300 S16, 650 6,439 11,352 10,465 1,560 7,191 89, 175 14,287 81,176 3, 710 19,635 39, 900 23,180 25,020 12,240 16, 768 6,710 118,932 99,064 169, 161 90,767 92, 208 105, 875 186,912 107,310 83,776 70,080 98,512 103,230 45,629 40, 136 16, 837 22,895 16,235 97,280 65,110 25,389 37, 944 13,509 28, 220 10,835 8,176 12,740 5,928 22, 464 32,330 28,896 49,800 $13, 500 New Hampshli-e . 4,876 8 586 Massachusetts Rhode Is land Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania D elaware 8,192 1,161 5,796 73,875 11,926 72,600 3,498 Maryland 16,848 35,310 West Virginia North Carolina... South Carolina... Georgia 20, 160 20,086 10, 160 15, 000 Florida 5,014 Ohio 117,390 Indiana 99, 308 Illinois 180, 172 Michigan 76, 860 Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa 74,415 83,583 179, 040 Missouri 110, 519 North Dakota.... South Dakota Nebraska Kansas 74,214 70, 245 108, 864 122, 729 Kentucky Tennessee 46,515 39,200 12, 920 Mississippi Louisiana Texas 18,360 14, 299 85,410 Oklahoma. 60, 183 20,910 Montana 25, 280 Wyoming Colorado 12, 948 24, 990 New Mexico..... Arizona 8,413 6,200 Utah 9,860 Nevada 5,304 Idaho 20,196 Washington 30,348 28,016 California 49,245 United States... 101.1 21, 195 20,962 19,833 103. 33 109. 32 108. 03 2,190,102 2,291,638 2, 142, 524 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 Table 8. — Mules: Estimated number on farms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- parisons. state. New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas... Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States. Number (000 omitted). Jan. 1, 1915. Per cent. I 101 103 102 104 104 101 100 101 97 97 103 100 100 98 102 101 102 101 101 105 10,3 101 105 101 102 101 102 100 100 100 102 102 103 103 104 no 100 98 103 104 100 101 Total. 4 4 46 6 25 62 12 194 166 309 145 4 3 6 58 329 14 85 233 231 275 281 292 132 753 269 240 4 2 18 16 4,479 Jan. 1, 1914. 4 4 45 6 24 61 12 192 171 319 27 24 86 148 4 3 6 57 326 8 14 84 222 229 270 278 286 132 753 269 235 4 2 17 15 4,449 Apr. 15, 1910 (cen- sus). 60 12 175 156 295 23 23 82 148 4 3 6 56 343 12 83 208 225 276 247 256 132 676 257 222 4 2 15 15 4 2 3 4 12 10 70 4,210 Value per head Jan. 1. S152.00 169.00 142.00 121. 00 138.00 128.00 119.00 161. 00 149. 00 140. 00 163.00 127. 00 117.00 110.00 131.00 127.00 124. 00 111.00 98.00 122.00 106.00 105.00 102.00 106.00 110.00 114.00 108.00 125. 00 100.00 96.00 96.00 98.00 101.00 100.00 81.00 104.00 79.00 79.00 85.00 104. 00 96.00 120.00 $154.00 177. 00 148.00 126.00 143. 00 136. 00 131.00 160.00 167. 00 161. 00 168.00 132.00 121. 00 121.00 133.00 135.00 134. 00 123. 00 112.00 130.00 110.00 105.00 105.00 118.00 127.00 135. (X) 115. (X) 128. 00 109.00 104.00 114. 00 106.00 113.00 101. 00 92.00 144. 00 82.00 79.00 103.00 116.00 107.00 120. 00 112. 36 123.85 $132. 00 155.00 145.00 125.00 130.00 130.00 120. 00 137. 00 158.00 157.00 155.00 125. 00 126.00 131.00 122.00 115.00 114. (K) 123.00 119.00 130.00 121. 00 119.00 116.00 118.00 123.00 122. 00 113.00 116.00 99. 00 105. 00 109.00 102.00 106.00 105.00 79.00 108.00 80.00 79.00 116.00 121.00 108. 00 122.00 120.20 Total value Jan. 1 (000 omitted). 1915 676 6, 532 726 3,450 7,9.36 1,428 29, 294 24,734 43,260 4,564 3. 048 10,062 15,950 524 381 744 6,438 32, 242 976 1,484 8,925 23,766 24,486 30,250 32,034 31,536 16,500 75,300 25,824 23,040 392 202 1,8(X) 1,296 728 158 237 340 1,560 960 503,271 1914 $616 708 6,660 756 3,432 8,296 1,572 30,720 28,5.57 51,359 4,5.36 3.168 10,406 17,908 532 405 804 7,011 36,512 1,040 1,540 8,820 23,310 27, 022 34,290 37, 530 32, 890 16,896 82,077 27,976 26,790 424 226 1,717 1,380 864 164 237 412 1,624 1,070 8,760 551,017 $528 620 6,380 750 2,990 7,800 1,440 23,975 24,648 46,315 3,565 2,875 10,332 19,388 488 345 684 6,888 40,817 1,040 1,452 9,877 24,128 20,550 33,948 30, 134 28,928 15,312 66,924 26,985 24, 198 408 212 1,575 1,185 432 160 237 464 1,452 1,080 8,540 506,049 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. 16 farmers' bulletin 651. Tablk 9. — Milch cows: Estimated manbcr on farms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- parisons. Nu mber (OLH) omitted). Value per head. Jan. 1. Total value Jan. 1 (000 omitted). State. Jan. 1 1915. Jan. 1, 1914. Apr. 15, 1910 (cen- sus). 1915 1914 1910 1915 1914 Per cent.i Total. 19102 99 99 101 97 98 98 103 100 100 104 104 102 101 102 100 101 104 101 101 99 102 105 102 102 101 111 108 102 104 102 102 99 103 102 102 102 103 110 112 110 110 120 104 107 107 108 107 105 157 95 268 157 23 118 1,509 146 943 41 177 349 234 315 185 400 133 895 646 1,007 814 1,626 1,186 1,377 797 339 453 625 726 390 355 384 434 268 1,086 494 387 114 40 205 68 44 92 24 120 253 210 541 1.59 96 265 162 23 120 1,465 146 943 39 170 342 232 309 185 402 128 886 640 1,017 798 1,549 1,163 1,350 789 305 419 613 698 382 348 .388 421 263 1,065 484 376 104 41 186 62 37 88 22 112 234 196 515 157 101 265 172 23 123 1,510 1.54 934 30 167 356 240 309 181 400 116 905 634 1,050 767 1,473 1.085 1,407 856 2.59 370 614 736 410 397 392 430 279 1,014 .531 426 77 33 145 51 29 76 17 86 186 173 467 .f54.00 60. 00 52.00 66.00 71.00 66. 70 61.00 68. 00 59.50 56.50 54.00 43. .50 51. 00 36.50 33.00 32.00 42.50 60. 00 55.00 59.50 60. .50 59.50 53.50 .57.00 54.50 61.50 59.50 62.50 63.50 45.50 41.00 31.50 35.00 36.00 47.50 52.00 37.00 7.5. 00 78. 00 68. 00 01.50 74.00 62.00 77.50 72.00 74.00 63.50 72.00 .147. 50 53.50 47.50 59.00 70.00 58.00 57. 00 67. 00 58.40 52.00 53.80 42.00 50. 00 35. 10 34.20 31.30 38.00 60.00 53.90 58.20 59.70 59. 90 55.00 60. 50 54.00 .59. 00 (il. 00 60. 70 57.50 44.50 41.40 32. 40 34.00 34.00 45.60 50.30 37. .50 70.50 74.50 (i3. 00 55.00 64.00 .59.00 65.10 69. 80 74.00 65.00 62.00 S33. 00 36.20 34.20 42.00 43.80 41.00 39.50 47. .50 39.00 38.00 37.30 29.70 35. 00 25.50 28.90 25.00 32.50 42. 80 41.00 42.80 39.50 36. 60 33.00 36. 00 34.80 33.90 33.00 35.00 36.90 32.70 27.50 23. 00 23.50 24.30 29.50 31. .50 22.00 46. 50 43.70 41.00 38. 80 43.00 34.00 44.00 41.40 41.80 39. 60 38.40 !|8,4?8 5,700 13,936 10, 362 1,633 7,871 92,049 9,928 56, 108 2,316 9, .558 15. 182 11,934 11,498 6. 105 12,992 5,652 53, 700 35,530 59,916 49,247 96,747 03, 451 78.489 43,436 20, 848 26, 954 39, 062 46,101 17,745 14,. 5.55 12,096 15, 190 9,648 51,585 25, 688 14,319 8,550 3,588 13,940 4,182 3,256 5. 704 1,860 8,640 18, 722 13,335 38, £52 $7,552 5,136 12,588 9,55< 1,610 6,960 83,505 9,782 55, 071 2,028 9,146 14, 364 11,600 10,846 6,327 12,583 4,864 53,160 34,496 59, 189 47.641 92, 785 63,965 81,675 42,606 17,995 25, 559 37,209 40,135 10,999 14,407 12, 571 14,314 8,942 48,564 24,345 14,100 7,332 3,054 11,718 3,410 2,368 5,192 1,432 7,818 17,316 12,740 31,930 S5, 181 New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts... Rhode Island... Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania... Delaware Maryland 3,656 9,003 7,224 1,007 5,043 59,645 7,315 36,426 1,368 6,229 10,573 West Virgmia. . - North Carolina.. South Carolina.. 8,400 7,880 5,231 10,150 Florida 3,770 Ohio 38, 734 25,994 44,940 Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota 30,296 53,912 35,805 50,652 Missouri North Dakota. . . South Dakota. . . Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas 29,789 8,780 12,210 21,490 27,158 13,407 10,918 9,016 10, 105 6,780 29,913 Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico 16,726 9,372 3, 580 1,442 5,945 1,979 1,247 Utah 2,584 748 3,560 Washington Oregon California 7,775 6,851 17,933 United States. 102.5 1 21,262 20,737 20,625 55.33 53.94 35.29 1,176,338 1,118,487 i 727,802 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 2 Based on census numbers on -\pr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimaled farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 17 Table 10. — -Cattle other than milch cows: Estimated number on farms and value, Jan. 1, 1915, ivith comparisons. State. Maine New Hampsliire Vermont Massachusetts... Khode Island... Connecticut New York New Jersey I'ennsylvania . . . Delaware Maryland Virginia \Ve3t Virginia... North Carolina.. South Carolina.. Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Daliota. . . Souih Dakota.. . Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee -Mabama MissLssip])i Louisiana Te.\as Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Me.xico Arizona Utah Nevada Idalio Washington Oregon California United StulCo Number fOOO omitted). Jnn. 1, 191.5. Per cent.i 101 99 101 101 98 102 103 101 104 102 100 102 101 100 100 100 100 98 97 101 105 103 105 102 110 lOii 108 113 103 101 98 105 100 99 102 102 105 115 105 108 107 107 103 107 108 107 105 Total. 101 64 167 83 11 71 S94 70 f,38 20 121 450 338 369 211 660 735 838 603 1,180 707 1,216 1, 208 2,683 1,414 515 967 2,0.;4 1,768 543 503 504 514 448 5,121 1,119 484 791 628 996 991 791 381 450 379' 215 503 1,480 Jan. 1, 1914 100 65 165 82 11 876 68 632 19 119 450 331 365 211 660 735 838 707 1,216 680 1,158 1,173 2,555 1, 3S6 468 912 1,883 1,565 498 514 490 448 5,173 1,097 475 753 546 949 918 739 356 437 354 199 470 1,410 35,855 Apr, 15 1910 (cen- sus). 165 80 11 72 913 69 653 19 121 503 380 392 209 674 729 933 729 1,391 731 1,207 1,262 3,041 1,705 485 1,165 2,318 2,343 591 600 540 583 526 5,921 1,423 602 866 734 983 1,031 796 336 433 368 216 552 1,610 Value per head Jan. 1. .S26. 10 2S.O0 23.10 25. 10 26.80 29.80 28.20 31.50 29.30 31.20 29.50 28. 60 36. .'JO 17.00 14.60 12.80 14.50 34.60 35.20 37.80 29.80 27.70 24. 70 37.50 37.90 36.00 39. 50 40. 80 42.50 30.40 22.40 12. CO 14.30 16.40 31.70 35.40 17. 20 49.00 53.30 43.70 35.50 .34.50 35.80 40. 70 41.80 34.90 30. 30 39.30 S523. 40 26.80 21.10 23. 10 28.10 27.90 27.20 30.50 28. 30 29.20 29.40 27. eo 35.90 17. .?0 14.90 12.70 13.70 35.40 33.90 35.90 28.10 27.10 24.30 39.20 36.10 34.60 39.50 38.10 36. f.O 28.80 21.40 12.00 13.50 15.30 23.50 33.40 15.80 46.40 49.40 40.00 32.70 32.50 35.50 38.90 41.20 35.70 38. 00 33.00 $16. 90 20.30 14.40 16.70 17.50 19.10 18.20 21.40 19.20 21.00 21.10 19.40 22.50 12. .50 12.00 10.30 10.30 24.10 24.50 26.40 18.50 16.40 14.30 22.20 22.60 20.50 21.50 21.90 23.70 19. 90 13.80 9. CO 8.40 10.30 15.. 30 19.20 9.00 27.40 26.40 23.00 17.40 19.30 18.30 20.70 21.40 19.90 18.50 20.10 Total value Jan. 1 (000 omitted). .«2, 636 1.792 3^858 2; 083 295 2,116 25,211 2, 205 18,693 624 3, .570 12, 870 12, 269 6, 273 3,081 8,448 10,658 28,995 24,394 44,604 21,069 33, 683 29, 838 100,612 53,591 18,540 38, 196 82,987 75, 140 16,507 11,267 6,350 7,350 7,347 162, 336 39,613 8,325 38, 759 33, 472 43,525 35, 180 27, 290 13, 640 18,315 15,842 7,504 18,259 58, 164 1,237,376 •52,340 $1, 1,742 1, 3, 482 2, 1,894 1, 309 2,009 1, 23,827 16, 2,074 1, 17,886 12, 555 3,499 2, 12,420 9, 11,883 8, 6,314 4, 3, 144 2, 8,382 6, 10,070 7 29,665 22, 23,967 17, 4.3,654 36, 19, 108 13, 31,382 19, 28, .501 18, 100, 150 67, 50,035 38, 16, 193 9, 36,024 25, 71,742 50, 57,748 55, 15, 178 11, 10,657 ^, 6, 168 4, 6,615 4, 6,854 5, 137,084 90, 36,640 27, 7, 505 3; 34,939 23, 26,972 19, 37, 960 22, 30,019 17, 24,018 15, 12,608 6, 16, 999 H, 14,585 7, 7,104 4, 17, 860 10, 46,530 32, 1,116,333 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. 18 farmers' bulletin 651, Table 11. — Sheep: Estimated number on farms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- parisons. State. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Vii'ginia West Virginia North Carolina South Cai'olina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico , Arizona , Utah , Nevada , Idaho Washington Oregon , California , United States , Number (000 omitted). Value per head, Jan. 1. Per cent.' 97 100 99 100 100 9S 101 lUO 97 98 101 ItK) 90 95 99 100 95 90 lo;i 100 100 97 98 96 103 100 103 101 105 102 99 105 110 110 105 101 102 108 96 100.5 Total. 165 38 105 30 19 849 31 831 223 720 796 177 32 163 119 3.263 1,114 935 2,033 781 564 1,249 1,490 250 636 374 316 1,229 674 119 208 180 2,114 76 130 4,379 4,427 1,751 3.340 1,761 2,068 1,5.32 3,041 546 2,663 2,500 49,956 Jan 1, 1914. 177 39 111 31 7 20 875 31 839 8 223 735 788 177 33 166 118 3,263 1,238 984 2,118 789 570 1,249 1,568 278 617 374 316 1,267 688 124 202 180 2,052 124 4,293 4,472 1,668 3,030 1,601 1,970 1,517 2,981 506 2,670 2,551 49, 719 Apr.15,1 1910 I 1915 (census) 206 44 119 33 7 22 930 31 883 237 805 910 214 38 188 114 3,909 1,337 1,060 2,306 930 638 1,146 1,811 293 611 294 272 1,363 795 143 195 178 62 144 5,381 5,397 1,426 3,347 1,227 1,827 1,155 3,011 476 2,699 2,417 52,448 $4. .50 4.90 5.10 5. CO 5.20 5.70 5.80 6.00 5.30 5.30 5.20 4.50 4.50 3.30 2.60 2.30 2.20 4.70 5.40 5.40 5.00 5.00 4.60 5.60 5.00 4.50 4.50 4.80 4. SO 4.20 3.70 2.30 2.20 2.20 3.20 4.20 2.60 4.40 4.70 4.40 3.50 4.00 4.50 4.90 4.70 4.80 4.50 4.50 4.50 S4.30 4.40 4.80 5.30 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.60 4.90 5.10 5.00 4.50 4.30 3.20 2.60 2.10 i.eo 4.30 4.90 5.00 4.60 4.70 4.40 5.30 4.20 4.20 4.00 4.50 4.50 4.20 3.40 2.40 2.30 2.20 2.90 4.00 2.60 3.70 4.10 3.70 3.00 3.60 3.90 4.50 4.20 4.40 3.90 3.80 4.04 Total value Jan. 1 (000 omitted). $3.70 3.70 4.00 4.20 4.20 4.70 5.00 5.20 4.80 4.00 4.70 3.90 4.30 2.60 2.40 2.20 2.00 4.80 5.20 5.30 4.70 4.50 4.00 5.30 4.40 4.00 4.00 4.40 4.70 4.00 3.40 2.00 1.90 1.90 2.90 3.30 2.30 4.20 4.40 3.80 2.90 3.70 4.10 3.70 4.70 3.90 3.70 3.30 $742 UG 536 168 36 108 4,924 130 4,404 42 1,160 3, 240 3, .582 584 83 375 262 15,336 6,016 5,049 10, 165 3,905 2,534 6,904 7,450 1, 125 2,862 1, 795 1,548 5,162 2,494 274 458 396 6, 765 319 338 19, 268 20, 807 7,704 11, 690 7, 044 9,306 7,507 14, 293 2,621 11,534 11,250 224,687 $761 172 533 164 38 108 4,725 174 4,111 $762 163 476 139 29 103 4,G50 161 4, 2.38 41 37 1,115 1,114 3,308 3,140 3,388 3,913 506 556 86 91 349 414 224 228 14,031 18,763 6,0C6 6,952 4,920 5,618 9,743 10,838 3, 708 4,185 2,503 2,552 6,620 6,074 6,586 7,968 1,168 1,172 2, 408 2,444 1,683 1,294 1,422 1,278 5,321 5,452 2,339 2,703 298 236 465 370 396 338 5,951 5,246 300 205 322 331 15,884 22,600 18,335 23,747 6, 172 5,419 9,108 9,706 5,764 4,540 7,683 7,491 6,826 4,274 12, 520 14,152 2,226 1.856 10, 413 9,986 9,694 7.976 200,803 216, 030 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 2 Baaed on census numbeis on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated fai'm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19. Table 12. — Swine: Estimated number on fm^ms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- parisons. State. Maine New Hampshire Vermout Massachusetts.. . Khode Island . . . Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania... Delaware Mari^land Virginia West Virginia... North Cai'olina.. South Carolina. . Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota... South Dakota... Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States. Number (000 omitted). Jan. 1, 1915. Per cent.' 98 101 102 102 104 101 102 102 105 103 105 110 102 112 105 105 105 105 105 100 lOS 110 120 125 100 150 115 118 113 105 108 105 105 101 110 105 105 150 125 125 130 130 115 110 130 115 120 110 109.6 Total. los 108 15 58 70S 101 1,186 60 349 950 374 1,525 819 2,042 949 3,640 4, 1G7 4,358 1,392 2,255 1,716 8,720 4,250 042 1,195 3, 809 2, 050 1,582 1,501 1,559 1,540 1,412 2,880 1,420 1,573 276 64 2.56 73 31 98 36 328 327 300 877 64,618 Jan. 1, 1914. 97 51 106 106 14 57 7.53 158 1,130 58 332 8(59 367 1,362 780 1,945 904 3,467 3,909 4,358 1,313 2,050 1,430 6, 976 4,250 428 1,039 3,228 2,350 1,507 1,390 1,485 1,407 1,398 2,618 1,352 1,498 184 51 205 56 24 85 33 252 284 300 797 58,933 Apr. 15, 1910 (cen- sus). 87 45 95 103 14 52 606 147 978 49 302 798 328 1,228 665 1,784 810 3,106 3,614 4,686 1,246 1,809 1,520 7, 540 4,438 332 1,010 3,430 3,000 1,492 1,388 1,207 1,292 1,328 2,330 1,839 1,519 99 34 179 46 17 64 23 178 206 218 767 58, 186 Value per head .Jan. 1. $15. 70 14. 00 13.00 15.50 13.50 15.50 14.30 14.00 13. 50 10.20 9.70 7.90 9.60 8.20 8.60 8.00 6.00 11.20 10.30 10.30 10.90 12.00 12. 50 11.00 8.10 11.80 11.00 10.90 10.10 7.20 7.80 7.80 7.20 7.70 9.00 8.20 6.50 10.80 11. 40. 10.50 9.80 12.00 10.20 11.60 10.00 11.10 9.50 10.50 9.87 S15. 80 14. SO 14.10 14.50 15.20 16.30 14.50 13.60 13.80 10.30 10.50 8.30 10.10 9.00 9.10 8.20 6.00 11.30 10.30 10.80 12.30 13.00 14.00 12.60 8.50 13.20 11.30 11.80 10.00 7.70 8.50 8.50 8.10 8.00 8.60 8.40 7.40 11.90 12.40 10.50 10.10 9.60 10.90 12.60 10.70 12.70 11.00 10. 50 10.40 $11.50 11.50 10.00 11.50 12.50 12.50 11.50 12.00 9.50 8.70 6.50 7.70 7.20 7.20 7.00 4.80 10.70 10.00 10. 90 10.50 11.80 11.50 11.30 7.90 11.00 11.10 11.00 10.00 6.80 6.50 6.00 5.50 5.50 6.60 7.70 4.80 10.10 8.50 9.50 8.50 9.50 9.00 9.00 8.70 9.40 8.20 8.20 Total value Jan. 1 {(m omitted). $1,492 728 1,404 1,674 202 10,982 2, 254 16,011 612 3,385 7,552 3,590 12,505 7,043 16,336 5,694 40,?6S 42,920 44, 887 15,173 27,0f)0 21,450 95,920 34, 425 7,576 13, 145 41,518 26, 81^6 11,390 11,708 12, 160 11,088 10,872 25,920 11,044 10, 224 2,981 730 2,688 715 372 1,000 418 3,280 3,630 3,420 9, 208 637,479 $1,533 755 1,495 1,537 213 929 10,918 2,149 15, 504 597 3,486 7,213 3,707 12, 258 7,098 15,949 5,424 39, 177 40,881 47,066 10, 1.50 26, («0 20,020 87, 898 36, 125 5, 650 11,741 38, 090 23,500 11,604 11,815 12, 022 11,883 11,184 22,515 11,357 11.085 2, 190 032 2, 152 560 230 926 410 2,696 3,607 3,300 8,308 612,951 1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agricultiue's estimated farm value per head Jan. 1, 1910. 20 FARMERS^ BrLLETIX 651. PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. Table 13. — Prices paid to -producers of form prodvcts, hy States. January 1. State. Corn, per bushel. Wheat, per bushel. Oats, per bushel. Barley, per bushel. per bushel. Buckwheat, per bushel. Potatoes, per bushel. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-yeaT aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. Maine CIS. 83 82 80 85 99 91 82 79 73 70 70 81 83 85 87 79 89 62 61 6-1 68 6-1 54 57 (59 61 53 55 52 67 67 82 76 SS SO 66 82 84 67 63 75 124 78 Cts. 77 74 74 77 90 76 72 68 67 56 62 72 73 83 90 84 83 54 51 51 60 55 46 47 57 53 45 49 56 64 66 81 75 71 76 61 71 95 76 62 92 115 79 Cts. Cts. 114 Cts. 64 63 61 60 50 59 52 56 50 50 56 59 54 65 68 69 77 47 45 45 45 44 41 43 47 39 39 42 43 54 54 68 66 68 50 44 50 41 50 50 45 78 40 55 37 41 45 46 Cts. 52 52 53 53 51 50 45 47 46 4S 48 52 52 62 68 68 72 39 37 36 39 37 33 31 40 34 33 35 41 49 50 64 61 56 52 45 52 36 45 46 59 76 45 63 38 43 44 57 Cts. 84 90 85 Cts. 82 80 81 Cts. Cts. Cts. 80 Cts. 73 70 85 87 Cts. 35 60 50 69 60 67 45 61 60 87 65 73 80 88 122 108 102 55 57 65 28 33 30 68 76 48 55 62 81 75 95 101 102 110 107 92 92 60 74 45 85 103 59 82 54 48 50 65 Cts. 55 70 62 81 82 N.Hampshire. Vermont 115 100 83 87 Massachusetts. 100 94 Rhode Island. Connecticut. . . 98 96 86 86 100 83 91 92 98 130 120 90 78 78 77 78 74 81 86 98 140 140 100 80 84 74 80 85 80 80 92 71 73 67 71 73 77 75 80 85 64 79 71 84 New York New Jersey . . . 110 110 113 125 115 115 114 120 132 126 99 100 97 95 97 102 103 111 128 124 75 75 Pennsylvania. I)elaware 78 67 ?ylar>-land Virginia West Virginia. 67 77 60 68 66 74 82 82 122 North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 103 Florida i 119 Ohio. . 117 114 111 113 104 104 103 108 110 101 105 107 110 115 135 112 98 95 93 97 90 88 84 92 84 S3 81 85 99 105 119 105 59 64 62 72 61 52 57 70 45 50 45 50 66 61 60 64 69 60 62 64 53 58 47 52 93 88 90 95 94 95 83 91 88 84 75 82 96 99 133 75 70 72 70 68 62 67 79 59 60 61 73 87 97 140 78 85 105 73 75 75 100 75 77 94 67 74 75 94 102 68 65 74 46 44 47 68 Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. 58 South Dakota. 65 Nebraska Kansas 68 94 75 92 Kentucky 82 Tennessee Alabama 75 80 74 78 85 111 Mississippi 103 Louisiana 92 Texas 107 106 105 93 91 92 101 125 90 110 96 106 no 110 100 89 95 77 91 80 106 108 79 103 70 77 82 97 50 55 94 62 107 95 102 62 80 62 106 90 92 71 79 64 113 Oklahoma 105 Arkansas 101 Montana 52 69 57 55 63 47 70 60 51 61 57 6.5 69 61 70 80 59 82 53 57 59 69 70 Wyoming 86 Colorado 60 New Mexico... 103 Arizona 116 Utah 58 66 59 Nevada 81 Idaho 94 90 80 87 78 80 86 85 105 88 68 78 89 87 55 Wasliins;tou. . . 54 Oregon 56 California... 79 . U.S.... 65.8 58.2 107.8 87.4 45.0 38.5 54.3 61.2 90.2 71.4 77.9 70.6 49.7 62.7 THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 21 Table 14.— Prices paid to prodncrrs of farm products, by States — Continued. January 1. State. Hay, per ton. Flaxseed, per bushel. Cotton, per pound. Butter, per pound. Eggs, per dozen. Chickens, per pound. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. . ?13. 70 15. 50 13.70 20. 20 21.50 20.50 14. 80 19.30 15. 30 19.00 16.20 17.00 16.90 17. .'<0 16.60 16. 60 16.70 13.40 14.30 14. 80 12.20 9. 30 6.20 10.70 14. .50 5.20 0.20 7.10 8.40 16. 50 16.80 13.60 12.43 11.10 9.80 8.20 S14. 40 Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. 31 34 35 36 36 36 35 37 35 35 30 27 29 24 26 25 36 29 26 28 30 31 31 29 24 28 28 26 27 22 21 23 24 29 24 24 24 35 33 32 36 36 33 35 32 35 32 33 Cents. 32 33 • 33 36 35 36 34 36 34 30 29 26 27 24 26 25 34 28 26 28 29 32 31 29 24 28 28 26 26 22 21 23 24 28 24 26 24 36 34 32 35 40 33 38 35 37 35 35 Cents. 41 41 40 48 45 50 42 45 39 38 36 31 32 27 25 27 32 33 32 32 32 30 31 28 28 31 28 27 27 29 27 25 24 26 27 25 26 43 37 37 36 36 36 49 39 41 40 41 Cents. 37 37 37 43 45 42 38 40 35 33 31 28 29 25 27 28 32 31 28 29 30 30 28 26 26 30 28 27 27 26 25 26 25 26 26 27 26 44 39 37 36 46 56 52 39 41 39 40 Cents. 14.0 15.9 13.4 17.8 16.8 17.7 15.0 17.0 13.7 13.5 13.5 13.1 12.7 11.3 12.7 12.7 17.5 10.7 10.4 10.7 11.4 10.8 9.3 9.4 9.5 8.9 9.1 8.9 9.3 10.1 10.2 12.2 12.4 14.2 10.0 8.9 9.5 13.7 11.9 13.5 13.2 17.6 12.6 17.5 11.2 12.2 12.7 16.9 Cenl.t. 13.9 New Hampshire 16.86 13.80 14.1 12.5 20.44 21.06 20.66 15. 28 19.30 16. 14 10.20 16.40 1.5. 6 Rhode Island . ... 17.1 _ 15.6 13.6 New Jersey 1 16.5 :::::: ::::i.:_.: 12.4 12.1 13.5 Virginia 15. 74 15. 78 6.6 12.4 12.7 11.6 North Carolina 15. 92 17.72 17.04 6.7 7.0 6.5 10.0 12.3 12.4 12.4 16.1 10.6 12.5 13.0 16. 62 13. 88 13. 28 13. .50 14.5 Ohio 10.5 10.0 10.1 13. 52 10.5 W isconsin 12. 84 8.26 10.18 11.08 6.62 7.22 8.72 9.10 14.66 15.14 13.90 12.00 11.68 11.80 8 46 i35 139 126 137 136 132 126 166 165 154 113 163 161 136 139 10.2 :::::::::::: 9.1 9.3 6.2 13.0 9.3 North Dakota 9.4 South Dakota 8.7 8.6 8.8 9.8 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.4 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.4 12.1 11.5 12.2 10.0 11.9 11.7 13.2 Texas 9.3 Oklahoma 8.7 Arkansas 12.00: 12.18 9.2 6.90 7.00 7.50 11. .50 9.00 8.30 7.00 7.20 10.90 9.30 8.30 9.64 9.20 9.92 11.94 12.68 9.82 9.64 7.68 125 128 14.1 14.7 12.7 13.3 18.0 Utah 12.5 20.3 11.4 Washington 12.42 10.14 12.42 13.0 Oregon 12.6 California 14.8 United States 11.29 12. .55 134.8 162.0 6.6 12.3 28.7 28.4 31.6 29.6 11.2 10.7 22 farmers' bulletin 651. Table 15. — Prices paid to producers of farm, products, by States — (Continued. State. December 15. Hogs, per 100 Ibi Maine N. Hampshire.. Vermont Massachusetts.. Rhode Island. . Coraiecticut New York New Jersey Peimsylvania. . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia.. Norlh Carolina. South Carolina . Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana IlUuois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missoiu-i North Dakota.. South Dakota . . Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi I^ouisiana Texas Oklahoma . Arkansas... Montana... Wyoming.. Colorado... $7.50 7.80 7.10 8.50 9.00 10.10 7.60 8.60 7.80 8.40 8.70 7.50 7.60 7. SO 8.10 7.60 7.10 6.30 New Mexico. . Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho .$7. 12 7.62 6.52 8.00 8.38 8.60 7.28 8.40 ?.52 7.70 7.4? 7.20 7.18 7.42 8.02 7.20 6.20 6.80 6.50 6 6.60 6.70 Washington Oregon. California United States 6.30 6.60 6.40 6.50 6.50 6.00 6.30 6.40 6.60 6.50 6, 6.80 6.20 6.30 6.60 6.40 6.00 6.50 6.50 6.80 7.00 7.70 6.50 8.40 6.30 6.40 6.60 7.00 6.67 Beef cat- tle, per 100 lbs. 37.00 6.80 5.40 6.50 6.30 7.80 6.10 7.00 7.00 6.50 6.60 6.00 6.10 4.70 4.30 4.30 5.60 6.60 6.50 6.80 Veal calves, per 100 lbs. Sheep, per 100 lbs. 6.65 6.00 6.80 5.40 6.58 6.65 6.50 6.40 6.48 6.48 6.62 6.65 6.55 6.60 6.4: 6.0: 6.6S 6.6; 6.12 7.15 7.30 7.18 7.30 8.15 6.82 7.88 6.95 7.60 7.35 6.98 6.73 5.20 6.90 6.60 5.50 6.20 6.70 6.90 5.60 5.30 4.00 4.00 5.10 5.40 6. 4.60 6.70 6.40 6.50 6.30 6.10 5.60 6.20 5.80 6.10 6.50 6.60 56.5 6.52 4.80 5.55 6.5 8.00 5.28 6.68 5.95 5.40 5.45 5.00 5. 12 3.95 3.98 3.75 4.35 5.65 5.45 5.60 4.90 4.02 4.42 5.88 5.58 4.42 4.92 5.50 5.62 4.75 4.10 3.25 3.30 4.00 4.30 4.65 3.72 5.48 5.68 5.38 5.08 5.23 4.82 5.52 S8.60 8.70 8.00 9.20 9.50 10.00 9. SO 10.20 9.20 10.00 9.70 8.10 8.10 5.60 4 5.00 6.60 8.20 7.70 7.90 7.70 7.60 7.20 7.90 7.50 7.30 7.50 7.80 7.80 6.80 6.50 4.50 5. 30 5.10 6.40 0.80 5.70 8.30 8.80 8.30 S8.00 7.80 6.98 8.15 8.82 8.93 8.48 8.60 8.12 9.6' 8.30 8, 8.90 8.00 5.28 7.70 5.52 5.48 6.00 $5.40 5.30 4.00 5.50 5.30 7.18 6.68 4.78 4.58 4.65 4.70 7.93 7.15 7.05 7.42 7.32 6.30 6.60 6.38 5.95 5.92 6.60 6.55 6.35 5.12 4.05 4.35 4.75 5.15 5.78 5.05 7.68 7.68 7.30 7.47 6.30 7.72 7.33 6.85 Lambs, per 100 lbs. 7. .50 7.93 5.00 8.20 7.30 6.00 8.10 6.55 5.00 6.50 4.80 5.00 5.10 5 4.80 4.20 4.50 4.20 5.20 4.20 6.50 4.30 4.00 4.90 4.30 4.50 4.40 4. CO 4.70 4.70 5.00 5.30 5.20 3.80 3.80 4.70 3.70 5. 50 5.00 4.90 4.00 5.20 5.90 5.20 4.70 4.20 4.90 5.40 5.10 S4.58 4.80 3.68 5.06 5.67 4.22 4.60 4.52 4.57 3.93 3.82 3.82 3.98 4.52 4.18 3.63 3.58 3.58 3.85 3.75 3.95 3.82 4.20 3.75 4.15 4.02 4.40 4..S8 3.40 3.40 3.70 3.32 4.88 4.38 4.3f 3.72 4. .52 4.40 4.58 4.28 4.40 4.72 4.73 4.28 7.61 6.74 4.95 S6.80 7.00 6.20 7.00 7.20 7. 7.30 4.58 4.50 4.62 7.00 8.00 7. 6.70 6.10 5.70 5.60 5.00 6.70 6.40 6.40 0.60 6.50 6.40 6.10 6.50 6.30 5.90 6.60 7.20 7.00 5.30 $6.20 6.50 5.48 6." 60 7.07 5 6.23 6.02 6.93 6.17 5.75 5.35 4.92 Milch cows, Horses, per head.i per head.i $53.00 60.00 51.00 71.80 80.00 66.50 64.80 75.00 61.20 55.00 45.00 45.80 54. 00 39.00 5.32| 39.40 4.98 37.50 3.60 5.60 5.40 5.45 5.72 5.60 5.28 5.60 5.18 5.32 5.15 5.75 5.68 6.05 5.00 4.65 5.50 4.50 4.60 4.12 5.83 5.90 5, 6.10 4.70 6.50 0.80 7.40 5.70 5.50 6.20 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.50 6.50 6.33 5.48 4.58 5.70 5.98 5.65 5.25 5.80 5.30 5.60 5.32 5.38 5.52 51.60 60 54.50 63.90 $51. 85 54. 62 47.65 47.50 67.20 56.97 .54.35 58. 88 51.78 45.00 :i8. 25 38. 50 42.28 33.78 .36.00 32.68 40.02 51.62 48.42 52.12 59.70 48.02 64.40 58.30 62.40 55.00 02.60 62.90 67.90 65.20 47.10 44. 50 37.90 36.80 35.00 54.00 .58.50 39.80 81.00 83.80 72.90 62. 93.00 63.00 90.00 75.70 75.00 70.00 74.20 51.95 47.32 52. 02 47.30 49.20 48.58 50.82 50.52 38.90 36. .55 31. 45 30.50 34.30 43.52 45. 50 32. 58.88 63.00 53. 90 53.10 63. 49.08 62.50 57, 63.30 54.42 .59.08 175 170 155 200 205 175 170 167 127 115 135 143 145 141 137 143 148 135 138 164 101 140 146 109 129 120 125 114 110 128 121 103 80 89 99 90 1.37 110 110 76 106 115 140 123 11.': 95 120 S1S5 172 162 194 Wool, per pound. as. 23 19 22 22 193 22 176 22 173.. 168 22 20 140 138 138 148 165 155 150 158 145 147 166 168 156 158 122 139 131 123 122 124 142 134 116 90 14 92 14 104 106 132 97 115 81 118 111 123 123 137 110 147 as. 22 20 20 16 15 21 17 17 17 18.6 22 22 20 16 21 21 21 20 19 20 20 17 18 19 15 16 16 17 20 IS 18 16 15 15 1 Prices in this table are for marketable grades or classes, and not strictly comparable with prices on pages 14 and 16, which are based upon valuation of all animals, of all ages and grades. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 23 Table 16. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. December 15. State. Turkeys, per pound. Chickens, per pound. Eggs, per dozen. O !- 3 03 O !S O < nuts, per bushel, 1914. Hops, per pound. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1 191411913 1 1914 1913 Maine Cts. 55 54 65 70 70 60 • 50 60 53 65 47 50 55 50 90 80 Cts. 99 110 125 143 130 97 97 100 93 125 100 93 135 100 150 105 CIS. Cts. as. CIS. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts.\cts.\ cts. Cts. New Hampshire. Vermont \ 1 1 \ I ' \ 1 ■ 1 ■ j ■ '.. \ .. Ma.ssachusetts 1 1 1 Rhode Island. . 225 240 1 Connecticut 125 200 97 83 68 75 60 70 75 85 71 '"'90 90 80 70 '"so 60 75 95 85 120 70 67 70 55 85 105 95 50 225 i 1 New York New Jersey 80 80 70 38 11 "ioo 100 110 82 70 117 40 4.0 ^Oi 225 3001 200 200 200 1 j ' «2.75 2 no 20 48 Pennsylvania 3.70 Delaware 55 58 125 120 95 90 61 1 3.50 4.50 2.30 2.50 Maryland 1 Virginia 126 145 125 200 108 125 104 80 87 75 125 50 150 80 85 85 3.31 4.5 West Virginia. . . North Carolina. . . 3.8 4.0 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.6 4.5 5.1 l.sn " South Carolina •56.20 5. 10 2. !tO Georgia Florida 4.10 Ohio 65 75 90 115 95 105 S5 75 80 92 3.0 4.8 4.1 3.5 5.0 65 62 65 56 85 100 96 55 160 125 115 130 150 150 150 95 140 130 125 135 130 175 150 100 2.60 2.60 Indiana Illinois 4.00 Michigan. . . . 1 " 92 100 Minnesota.. 85 110 78 100 125 100 100 87 80 88 100 120 120 100 8.0 1 Iowa 1 i 1 Missouri 100 125 ....5.5 4.00 North Dakota South Dakota 150 110 115 95 107 115 125 "i25 99 90 90 100 150 185 185 100 140 120 140 1 i Nebraska 100 82 55 55 73 88 92 95 60 50 93 88 47 95 95 75 ■ Kansas 5.0 150 i05 94 82 86 160 110 100 130 '. 3.40 Kentucky Tennessee [ 1.95 3.9 5.0 5.0 4 7 3.80 5.00 4.85 1.50 2.60 Alabama Mississippi 80i 4.01 4.6 4.o! 3.9 4. 7l .=; fi Te.xas 115 100 90 80 140 135 130 110 180 88 "146 110 160 110 10.0 8.5 80 90 65 65 100 70 3.45 3.25 3.10 Oklahoma inn 4 7' .-v3 Arkansas 75J 75 4.8J 5.5 Montana Wyoming Colorado t • 65 110 88 150 150 1 ! New Mexico ■ 95 180 65 130 80 65 125 210 93 125 100 90 1 1 7.0 10.0 7.0 Arizona Utah 85 115 Nevada 1 ' i 1 Idaho 88 80 85 85 150 " Washington 95 125 2.2 10 11 10 Oregon 85! 9() 1 ; 21 California 80 130 2.6i 2.8 ■ " i ' United States.. 66.6 103.6 82.5 97.9 2.3, 2.9 82.4 71.8117.8 1 130.2 4.3 4.8 3.72 2.28 13.2 29.4 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25 Table 18. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, bij States — Continued. December 15. State. Beans, per bushel. Cabbases, per 100 pounds. Onions, per bushel. Sweet po- tatoes, per bushel. Turnips, per bushel. Broom com, per ton. Pop com, per bushel. Honey (comb) per pound. Honey (extract), per pound. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Me.-.. $3. 10 3.00 2.90 2.71 S2.74 2.75 2.60 3.50 2.50 2.55 2.39 2.38 2.40 2.80 2,10 2 59 2.75 2.35 3.43 2.26 2.70 2. 33 2.47 2.43 1.75 2.04 2.11 2.55 2.75 2.79 2.85 2.90 2.70 2.50 2.60 2.10 1.83 Cts. 95 115 150 105 88 115 48 74 150 168 125 190 190 150 200 170 260 140 150 150 90 115 200 200 200 295 240 200 180 170 200 190 215 Cts. 130 165 175 140 130 160 115 165 165 195 250 198 185 205 260 230 270 200 210 210 130 125 220 260 255 350 315 250 230 205 230 270 260 280 297 270 300 185 235 155 210 2S5 200 200 180 150 150 175 Cts. 85 100 78 67 70 71 71 80 85 100 92 95 120 93 120 105 1.50 80 80 105 55 80 98 110 125 150 130 105 115 110 97 120 120 "140 1.50 115 100 165 80 150 170 80 125 100 75 100 85 92.3 Cts. 105 120 110 120 105 110 98 97 100 120 80 9S 110 91 135 120 169 111 103 126 96 lOS 95 110 130 170 155 144 150 100 100 132 138 120 143 1.50 130 140 170 130 150 ISO 130 118 130 115 120 120 Cts. CIS. Cts. 50 51 41 50 48 45 40 50 47 35 42 41 50 40 62 60 ""45 39 39 33 35 47 52 40 55 75 4S 56 35 39 53 75 70 75 51 45 60 85 44 80 110 4S 110 75 49 60 55 Cts. 45 55 54 50 53 45 40 39 48 30 25 41 55 46 64 80 72 53 52 55 32 40 45 60 51 51 75 56 60 50 50 70 74 80 89 60 55 70 75 55 95 110 75 60 50 55 55 100 55.1 Cts. C!s. 271 233 285 350 205 200 243 200 120 100 Cts. 20 20 19 19 19 15 16 15 13 18 13 18 14 12 12 12 16 17 16 14 14 15 16 15 10 15 16 15 IS 14 11 11 10 11 14 12 13 13 12 11 13 11 13 11 13 12 12 13.6 Cts. 20 19 18 18 22 18 14 18 16 15 15 14 19 14 13 12 12 17 17 16 15 15 14 15 16 ""is 16 16 14 14 11 12 12 12 17 12 12 13 11 12 ..... 11 12 14 12 10 Cts. """22 20 15 14 14 16 11 17 19 15 14 13 IS 12 11 13 15 14 10 11 13 13 13 10 15 12 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 12 13 9 10 9 11 10 7 ""s 10 ■••■7 Cts. 21 N.n.. 218 177 208 190 150 146 22 Vt.... 20 Mass . . R.I... 22 Conn . . 2.90 2.70 2.85 2.60 2.60 2.90 2.75 2.80 2.47 2.50 2.25 3.50 2.75 2.62 2.70 2.18 2.45 2.30 2.83 2.80 2.80 2.85 2.80 3.00 2.50 2.40 2. SO 14 N. Y.. 11 N.J... 97 110 92 100 84 100 70 . 76 67 83 110 95 100 70 115 58 50 75 120 67 74 74 77 110 105 110 19 Pa.... 99 92 9 Del... Md.... Va.... 104 114 133 150 132 135 165 100 160 152 14 W.Va. 18 N.C.. 14 s.c... 15 Ga 12 Fla.... Ohio.. 149 154 180 89 155 140 162 162 232 156 159 160 125 132 150 200 125 210 220 150 280 220 263 310 160 165 150 105 210 140 140 160 205 215 190 225 100 150 185 200 "2i5 210 135 "215 13 Ind . . . 15 Ill Mich. $85 $113 12 10 Wis... 10 Minn. 12 160 110 160 120 13 Mo.... N Dak 95 12 S. Dak 16 Nebr.. 125 110 85 80 69 59 52 87 96 81 200 137 96 93 70 62 60 98 105 85 12 Kans.. Ky.... Tenn 50 82 12 12 15 Ala 12 Mis.s 11 La 13 Tex... Okla.. Ark 2.90 2.75 3.30 2.85 3.20 2.00 2.25 2.90 2.85 3.00 2.65 3.60 3.10 2.60 3.36 2.70 2.75 3.30 3.15 2.40 2.40 2.80 2.75 3.00 2.60 3.00 3.00 2.60 2.12 225 225 260 135 180 85 200 260 150 210 175 1.30 150 150 125.9 68 55 82 90 10 13 12 Mont 11 Wyo.. Colo 11 9 N.Mex 125 150 125 165 40 70 10 7 Utali 7 Nev 165 140 8 240 240 10 Wash 9 Oreg . . Cal.... 13 100 150 75.8 7 58.21 U.S. 2.40 174.6 114.9 74.9 48.4 92.32 160.5 165.9 14.0 11.2 11.6 26 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 651. Table 19. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. Prices paid to producers, Dec. 15. Prices paid by producers,.Dec. 15. State. Clover seed, per bushel. Timothy seed, per bushel. Alfalfa seed, per bushel. Clover seed, per bushel. Timothy seed, per bushel. Alfalfa seed, per bushel. Bran, per ton. Cotton seed meal, per ton. 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 Me 1 1 $11. 50 $12. 00 $3.30 3.30 3.50 3.75 3.20 3.40 3.40 3.25 3.20 4.00 $3.25 3.50 3.40 3.25 3.00 3.15 3.22 3.00 2.85 $29.90 30.00 27.80 29.00 28.80 28.50 28.10 29.50 28.20 31.50 26.20 28.80 30.80 31.30 30.00 30.70 $28.83 28.30 27.30 28.00 27.60 27.30 26.80 28. 30 20.80 28.20 26. 50 28.40 29.00 31.00 33.30 31.80 32.60 27.30 25.80 25.00 26.70 25.30 22.60 24. 20 25.60 22.00 22.20 23. 15 23.30 28.80 29.60 31.20 30.00 26.00 29.00 26. 25 27.60 23.30 24.76 26.10 32.00 37.30 20.60 29.60 22. 30 24.00 23.75 29.80 $33. 20 $35. 30 N. H.. .. 11.20 11.40 13.40 13.20 12.00 11.20 10.80 10.60 9.60 12.00 10. 50 17.50 14.40 11.00 10.40 10.10 9.80 33.00] 35.50 Vt S3. 25 31.501 34.70 Mass 33.00 32.80 31.40 33.00 34.20 33. 00 34.00 30.60 30.00 33.60 26.70 24.20 25.00 28.00 31.50 30.80 29.70 32.70 32.80 29.60 31.10 28.30 30.00 33.50 30.50 27.60 28.90 28.60 26.30 26. 60 25. 90 26. 30 25.80 20. 70 31.00 34. 00 R.I 35.50 Conn sii.'oo $9." 66 i3.'36 3.00 2.71 ..... 34.10 N. Y W.J $9.50 10.50 10.20 9.75 Si6.25 8.76 10.50 34.40 35.69 Pa Del Md 8.30 8.20 2.50 3.30 2.48 34.00 33.30 30.00 Va W. Va... N.C S.C 9.70 10.50 9.60 10.00 .3.00 3.20 2.80 2.80 3.00 S9.17 $9.00 10.50 10.80 10.30 9.80 10.40 10.90 8.00 11.75 3.26 3.50 3.00 3.10 3.00 3.50 9.60 11.00 9.00 9.50 8.40 8.80 10.70 33.30 34.00 32.40 30.80 Ga 30.40 Fla 31.00 33.50 Ohio Ind Ill Mich Wis Minn 8.00 8.20 8.75 7.95 7.25 7.00 8.10 9.10 7.65 7.50 7.90 7.70 7.40 7.20 7.50 8.00 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.40 2.25 2.10 2.10 2.90 2.50 1.90 '3."66 3.00 3.10 2.27 2.50 2.50 2.30 2.20 2.00 2.00 2.60 8.40 8.00 9.00 8.20 8.00 8.90 8.10 8.90 8.20 7.30 9.00 9.20 9.70 9.30 8.50 8.60 10.00 10.50 12.00 10.00 'i6.'66 10. 40 11.50 8.75 8.40 8.90 9.15 8.25 8.50 8.20 9.70 "9.' 56 9.00 9.70 10.00 9.50 2.95 3.15 3.20 3.15 2.75 2.60 2.40 3.40 3.50 2.50 '3." 26 3.10 3.20 2.81 3.00 2.85 2.90 2.60 2.50 2.20 3; 10 2.60 "3.16 2.60 3.00 2.90 9.50 9.20 10.50 9.60 9.60 8.75 9.20 10.40 14.00 11.00 7.80 7.50 9.60 10.60 12.60 10.00 9.60 9.00 9.75 9.60 8.90 10.00 7.75 10.00 12.60 " '6.' 86 5.90 9.65 10.00 28.00 27.40 24.80 27.60 24.50 24.10 26.20 24.80 23.10 24. 40 23.60 22.70 27.40 28.40 30. 10 30.50 28.00 28. 10 24.60 27.30 25. 70 25.40 26.70 31.30 38. 30 24.00 33.80 23.70 25.90 26.60 30.20 34.50 33. 30 31.70 34.40 31.90 32.00 Iowa Mo N. Dak.. '6.' 66 6.00 9.00 32.40 31.60 28.30 S. Dak... Nebr Kans Ky Tenn Ala 7.00 "s.'so 9.10 10.40 12.25 9.30 7.G5 8.60 8.25 "s.'oo 2.20 2.85 2.88 8.50 7.60 6.90 10.10 6. 45 5.50 9.15 32. 00 33.50 32.85 32.00 31.80 31.20 Miss 11.00 30.70 La 29.00 Tex 7.40 7.00 7.35 5.60 8.40 8.50 9.80 10.00 8.00 11.50 'ii."66 11.00 9.90 8.90 7.40 "7.56 ' 's.eo 10. 80 31.70 Okia 31.50 Ark ii.46 8.70 12.00 3.00 1.90 2.70 3.30 30.00 Mont Wvo 7.90 j 1.90 8.00 6.55 6.90 6.90 7.50 7.70 6.80 Colo 1 29.90 31.40 40.00 34.25 N. Me.x 1 1 37.00 Ariz. 1 9.00 7.00 8.40 8.00 6.80 6.00 15.00 7.45 9.10 9.40 11.60 8.10 11.00 40.00 Utah.. . 3.00 1240 4.00 Nev Idaho Wash 9.00 7.40 1.80 1.90 7.15 10.00 12.30 9.75 11.00 2.40 3.60 2.50 3.20 46.70 37.20 36.00 42.30 Orpc 8.10 9.00 6.25 8.80 38.50 Ca!.. . 1 V. S . 8.12 7. 70j 2.18 2.10 7.57 6.60 10.04 9.43 3.05 2.84 8.81 7.25 26.72 26.43 29.04 32.36 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 20.^ — Averages for the United States of prices paid In producers of farm products. Product. Hogs per 100 lbs. Beef cattle do. . . Veal calves do. . . Sheep do. . . Lambs do. . . Milch cows per head. Horses do. . . Turkeys per lb. Chickens do... Eggs per doz. Honey, comb per lb. Honey, extract do. . . Wool, unwashed do. . . Walnuts, black per bu. Hickory nuts do. . . Chestnuts do... Pecans do. . . Peanuts per lb. Apples per bu. Pears do . . . Beans do. . . Beans, soy do... Sweet potatoes do. . . Turnips do. . . Onions do... Cabbages per 100 lbs. Timothy hay per ton. Clover hav do... Alfalfa hay do. . . Prairie hay do. .. Clover seed per bu. Timolhy ^eed do. . . Alfalfa seed do. . . Broom corn per ton. Pop corn per bu. Cottonseed per ton . Hops per lb. Paid by farmers: Clover seed per bu. T imothy seed do. . . Alfalfa seed do. . . Bran per ton. Cottonseed meal do. . . Dec. 15— 1914 $0.67 6.01 7.61 4.95 6.33 58.23 130.00 .145 .10 .319 .136 .112 .186 .82 1.18 2.28 3.72 .043 .67 .82 2.40 2.24 .75 .48 .92 1.26 13.69 12.76 9.05 7.37 8.12 2. IS 7. ,57 58.00 1.60 17.73 .132 1913 10.04 3.05 8.81 26.72 29.04 87.16 5.96 7.74 4.46 5.85 57.19 135.00 .155 .113 .329 .140 .116 . 161 .72 1.30 .048 1.04 1912 «6.89 5.33 6.88 4.21 5.70 48.62 139. 00 .148 .106 .298' $5.72 4.37 5.98 3.71 4.93 42.72 134.00 . 142', . 138 .1201 .118 . 186 . 155 .70 .... 1.12 2.12 1.72 .76 .55 1.15 1.75 7.70 2.10 6.60 92.00 1.66 23.48 .294 9.43 2.84 7.25 26.43 32.36 .046 .73 .93 2.31 .84 1.15 .044 .86 1.11 2.42 .79 1.13 1.83 9. 00 10. 62 1.79 6.72 7.R6 57.00 108.00 1.57 21.42 .178 11.10 2.47 9.49 25.16 30.16 16.70 .425 26.99 30.50 $7.16 4.45 6. 38 4.54 5.60 43.41 141.00 .137 .124 .178 .045 1.00 1.22 2.20 .71 1.49 7.94 4.11 93.00 25.65 .146 Jan. 15— $7.45 6.04 7.89 4.67 6.16 57.99 137. 00 .155 .115 .298 .136 .113 .157 .77 1.30 .047 1.11 1.13 2.17 1.96 .82 .57 1.21 1.87 1913 $6.77 5.40 7.06 4.35 6.03 49.51 140.00 .149 .107 .241 .139 .122 .186 1.13 .046 .74 1.08 2.26 .84 .50 .82 1.26 7.99 9.41 2.07 ' 1.79 6.55 . 7.66 94.00 ! 49.00 1.72 i 1.47 22.70 i 21.98 .2661 .197 24.68 31.58 9.82 1 2.90 I 8.30 I 26.53 1 32.49 11.39 2.51 8.25 25.24 30.97 Nov. 15— 1914 $7.00 6.02 7.74 4.f8 6.14 58.77 130. 00 .141 .111 .282 .137 .111 .181 .75 1.19 2.19 4.01 .044 .57 2.28 2.15 .72 .47 .84 1.14 13.69 12.70 9.20 7.49 8.02 2.34 7.29 66. 00 1.59 14.01 .156 10.06 3.11 8.45 26.40 28.36 1913 $7.33 5.99 7.70 4.27 5.64 57.71 136.00 .1.5: .114 .313 .141 .118 .156 .70 1.27 .044 .94 .93 2.20 1.57 .73 .56 1.15 1.58 7.33 2.08 0.36 100. 00 1.69 22.46 .260 9.13 2.87 7.65 26.47 31.97 47.38 139. CO .144 .108 .286 Jan. 1. 191-5 1914 1913 1912 1911 Feb. 1. 1914 1913 Dec. 1. 1913 Wheat cts. per bu. Corn do. . . Oats.. do... Barley do. . . Rye do... Buckwheat do. . . Potatoes do. . . Flaxseed do. . . Hay dols. per ton. Butter cts. per lb. Eggs cts. per doz. Chickens cts. per lb. Cotton do. . . 107.8 65.8 45.0 54.3 90.2 77.9 49.7 134.8 11.29 28.7 31.6 11.2 6.6 81.0 69.6 39.1 52.2 62.5 76.6 68.4 124.2 12.42 29.2 30.7 11.5 11.7 76.2 48.9 32.2 49.9 63.8 66.8 50. 106.2 11. 86: 28.4 26.8 10.7 12.2 88.0 62.2 45.1 86.4 82.7 73.7 84.5 187. 1 14.85 28.1 2*9.5 9.8 8.4 88.6 48.2 33.2 59.8 73.3 65.8 54.1 221.1 12.24 27.8 30.4 10.5 14.4 81.6 68.3 39.3 52.4 61.7 75.6 69.7 127.8 12. 41 27.4 28.4 11.6 11.9 79.9 60.6 32.4 51.4 68.9 69.4 53.1 109.3 11.04 27.6 22.8 10.9 11.9 98.0 64.4 43.8 54.3 86.5 76.4 48.9 125. 6 11.12 28.4 29.7 11.3 6.8 79.9 69.1 39.2 53.7 63.4 75.5 68.7 119.9 12.43 29.2 33.0 U.5 12.2 28 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 651. Table 21. — Range of prices of agricultural products at marl:et centers. Product and market. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . . No. 2 red winter, Chicago .... No. 2 red winter, New York i. Com per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mixed, New York i Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago... Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- th}', Chicago Hops, per pound: Choice, New York Wool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston . Best tub washed, St. Louis. . Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per pound: Creamery, extra, New York. . Creamery, extra, Elgin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh, New York Average best fresh, St. Louis. Cheese per pound: Colored, ^ New York Jan. 2. 191.- 27J-$1 28 - 1 36i- 1 .69 - .684- .281 .28i .36i .69 .68f 49 - . oOi- . 11^ L 00 -16. 23 - . .36 - .34 - . 14i- . 14i Dec. 1914. I Nov., 1914. ! Dec, 1913. SI. 12J-$1. 27J 1. 13|- 1. 281 1. 24i- 1. 35| . 62 - . 68i .62i- .68i . Wr- . 50 .461- .49J 1. 07J- 1. 12i 15. 00 -16. 00 . 23 - .28 51.08 -$1.15 l.llj- 1. lea 1. 22 - 1. 25J .63 - .62^ .78i .23 .31 6. 90 - 7. 50 .33 .32 . 44J- . 48 J . 47A- . 50 .96"- 1.08 15.00 -16.00 . 26 - .36 .23 .31 7. 25 - 8. 00 .33i- .36 .32"- .33 . 36 - .62 , 24J- . 29 $0. 90 - .931- 1.00 - .65 - .64 - .78 - .m- • 37S- .61 - 14. 50 .45 .20 .28 SO. 97} .97§ I.OIJ .82 rah .85" .4H ■ m - .65 -18.00 - .48 - .21 - .28 .50-8. 00 .34 .32 .27i- .15J- .37^ .3.5J .63 .:52 . 16} Dec, 1912. «1.00 - .99J- 1.05^- .45 - .47 - .54i- ..33 - .31J- .58 - 13. 00 - .30 - .24 - .37 - $1. m - i.iif ■ 1.09 - .48§ • .54 - .58 - .34* - .33| - .64 -18. 00 - .42 - .24 - .38 .38 .35J .30 .22 1 F. o. b. afloat. s September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored, May to July, inclusive; colored August. THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE CROP REPORT. Crops ill the Northern Hemisphere in 1914, compared with 1913, as reported by the International Institute of Agriculture, were as follows : Wlieat, in 20 countries, 2,741,000,000buslielsin 1914 and 3,007,000,000 in 1913; rye, in 16 countries, 1,485,000,000 and 1,545,000,000 bushels in the respective years; barley, in 19 countries, 1,188,000,000 and 1,327,000,000; oats, in 19 countries, 3,304,000,000 and 3,778,000,000; and corn (maize), in 9 countries, 3,125,000,000 bushels in 1914 and 2,882,000,000 in 1913. The crops covered by these reports amounted altogether to 11,843,000,000 bushels in 1914 and 12,539,000,000 in 1913, showing a decrease of 696,000,000 bushels, or about 5^ per cent. NOTICE. The publications of this depailment, as well as those of all others, are sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, who will furnish price lists free. For the convenience of the general public, coupons, which are good until used in exchange for Government publications sold by the superintendent of documents, may be purchased from his office in sets of 20 for $1. WASHINGTON : GOVERXMENT I^RINTING OFFICE : 1915 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FARMERS' BULLETIN Washington, D. C. 665 March 20, 1915. Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M . Estabrook, Cliief. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Stocks of grain on farms 1 Wheat supplies 2 Spring wheat production, by varieties 4 Florida and California crop report 5 The Hawaiian sugar crop 5 International Institute crop report 6 Trend of prices of farm products 6 Stocks of wool in manufacturers' hands 7 Time of transit to England through Panama Canal 7 Countries prohibiting cereal exports 8 Wages of farm labor 8 Farm labor employment service 9 Apples in cold storage 13 Stocks of cereals and aggregate value per acre of crop production (tables) 15 Aggregate value per acre of crops, by states, 1909-1914 19 Farm wages (tables) 20 Prices of farm products (tables) 22 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF APRIL CROP REPORT. On Wednesday, April 7, at 12 noon (Washington time), the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the United States Department of Agriculture will issue a report upon the condition on April 1 of winter wheat and rye. Details by States, with comparisons, will appear in the April issue of the Agricultural Outlook. This number (April) of the Agricul- tural Outlook will also give estimates of the condition on April 1 and losses during the year from diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, and swine; losses from exposure of cattle and sheep; and the number of breeding sows on April 1, 1915, as compared with April 1, 1914, in percentages. STOCKS OF GRAIN ON FARMS MARCH 1. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, from reports of correspondents and agents, estimates that the amount of wheat on farms March 1, 1915, was about 152,903,000 bushels, or 17.2 per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 151,809,000 bushels, or 19.9 per cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 156,483,000 bushels, or 21.4 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913. About 60.7 per cent of the crop will be shipped out of the counties where grown, against 53.9 per cent of the 1913 crop and 61.6 per cent of the 1912 crop so shipped. 85305°— Bull. 665—15 1 2 FAKMEES BULLETIJSI G05. The amount of corn on farms March 1, 1915, was about 910,894,000 bushels, or 34.1 per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 866,392,000 bushels, or 35.4 per cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 1,289,655,000 bushels, or 41.3 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913. About 18.6 per cent of the crop will be shipped out of the counties where grown, against 17.2 per cent of the 1913 crop and 21.8 per cent of the 1912 crop so shipped. The proportion of the 1914 crop which is merchantable is about 84.5 per cent, against 80.1 per cent of the 1913 crop and 85 per cent of the 1912 crop. The amount of oats on farms March 1, 1915, was about 379,369,000 bushels, or 33.2 per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 419,476,000 bushels, or 37.4 per cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 604,216,000 bushels, or 42.6 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913. About 29.4 per cent of the crop will be shipped out of the counties where grown, against 26.5 per cent of the 1913 crop and 30.9 per cent of the 1912 crop so shipped. The amount of barley on farms March 1, 1915, was about 42,889,000 bushels, or 22 per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 44,126,000 bushels, or 24.8 per cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 62,283,000 bushels, or 27.8 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913. About 45.1 per cent wUl be shipped out of the counties where grown, against 48.4 per cent of the 1913 crop and 53.7 per cent of the 1912 crop so shipped. WHEAT SUPPLIES. Long-established custom has fixed upon March 1 as the date for taking stock of supplies of grain in the country. The information is presumed to be a guide to farmers in deciding what and how much to plant in the spring, and to dealers is indicative of the amount that can safely be exported without encroaching too closely upon home needs before the next crop becomes available. The beginning of the crop season, for statistical calculations, is July 1. The results of the inquiry into stocks of wheat in the United States on March 1 this year indicate that as compared with a year ago there are 1,000,000 bushels more on farms and about 8,000,000 bushels less in country mills and elevatoi-s; ''visible stocks," that is stocks at points of accumulation, are about 7,000,000 bushels less; thus making a total reduction in apparent supphes of 14,000,000 bushels. A year ago March 1, there was sufficient wheat to supply domestic needs for food and seed between March 1 and July 1, and, in addition, to have 36,000,000 bushels for export during the four months and about 76,000,000 bushels surplus to carry into the new year. In other words, March 1 a year ago there were apparently 112,000,000 bushels in excess of home requirements. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. This year March 1, there is apparently 14,000,000 bushels less suppHes than a year ago. Between March 1 and July 1 this year there is hkely to be about 5,000,000 bushels more seed wheat needed than last year, and nearly 2,000,000 bushels would normally be allowed for the increased needs for food requirements resulting from the year's increase in population. On this basis of calculation there would appear to be on March 1 about 21,000,000 bushels less surplus than a year ago, when there was an apparent surplus of 112,000,000 bushels; that is, a present surplus of about 91.000,000 bushels for export in the four months March 1 to July 1 and carry-over. Several additional facts should be taken into consideration in connection with this subject of wheat supplies. The Bureau of Crop Estimates has not inquired into the stocks of flour; but it is beheved that they do not show as much reduction as do wheat stocks. Also, the Southern States have greatly increased their wheat acreage, the crop of which will be marketable before July 1, and have the effect of increasing the available suppUes between now and July 1. The exports of wheat (including flour) durmg the four months March 1 to July 1 last year were 36,000,000 bushels, or 25 per cent of the year's exports; in the past five years the exports between March 1 and July 1 have averaged 26,000,000 bushels, or 25 per cent of the average yearly exports. It would appear, therefore, that the United States is able, by reducing its carry-over to a small amount, to export during the four months March 1 to July 1 this year twice the amount exported in the same period last year and treble the average of the past five years m the like period. It does not appear, however, that exportations at the same rate as during January and February can continue during the entire period without encroaching upon normal domestic requirements. In Table 1 are shown the exports monthly of wheat (including flour) during the past five years: Table 1. — Exports of wheat (including flour) frovi the United States. [Compiled from the Monthly Summary of the Foreign Commerce of the United States.] Month. July August September. October November . December.. January February . . Total, 8 months. March. April.. May . . . June.. Total, 4 months.. Total, 12 months. Per cent in first 8 months. Per cent in last 4 months.. Bushels. 30,173,618 27,617,655 31,435,600 25, 664, 458 25, 8%, 525 37,117,984 32,027,259 '35,500,000 1245,433,099 12, 966, 596 28,348,281 17,512,665 13,110,946 9,616,645 10,620,644 9, 704, 617 7,554,992 109,435,386 6,954,128 7,039,778 10,915,044 11,247,296 36,156,246 39,945,871 1912-13 Bushels. 3,008,397 8,910,696 16,987,254 20, 746, 157 16, 153, 840 14, 488, 134 13,445,373 9,193,876 102, 933, 727 Bushels. 6,275,872 10,175,683 10,700,095 8,823,222 6,576,086 7,981,467 5,815,887 5,030,888 61,379,200 8,799,485 10,819,336 11,177,828 9,149,222 145,591,632 142,879,598 75.2 24.8 72.0 28.0 5,853,254 4,922,964 4,385,436 3,148,550 18,310,204 79,089,404 77.0 23.0 1909-10 Bushels. 3,132,366 4, 948, 473 6, 184, 791 7.450,882 6,(55,019 8,042,903 7,000,665 5,128,078 48,043,177 5, 616, 730 5,241,573 5,851,934 3,958,345 20,668,582 69,311,759 70.0 30.0 Bushels. 4,628,890 8,835,360 12,471,736 13, 897, 595 12,995,776 9,126,097 4,973,345 3,527,335 70, 456, 134 3,737,356 5,330,616 4,975,991 2,864,218 16,908,181 87,304,315 80.6 19.4 ' Preliminary estimate. 4 FAEMEES BULLETIN 665. SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION, BY VARIETIES. The most profitable variety of spring wheat grown last year was durum wheat, according to an investigation made by the Bureau of Crop Estimates. In yield per acre the Marquis led, but the higher prices paid for durum made its value per acre slightly higher than that of Marquis wheat. The total production of durum wheat in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota (which produced 95 per cent of all durum wheat in the census year of 1909) was about 18,103,000 bushels in 1914, as compared with 21,529,000 in 1913. Durum wheat represented 11.6 per cent of all spring wheat raised in these States in 1914 compared with 13.5 per cent in 1913. In former years an obstacle to the growing of durum wheat was the low price offered for it. For instance, in the census production year 1909 durum yielded two bushels per acre more than common varie- ties of spring wheat, but it sold for 17 cents per bushel less, conse- quently it was less profitable. This year, however, the price of durum has been higher than that of all other varieties, being about $1.27 per bushel in the middle of January, as compared with about $1.15 for common varieties; hence, on this basis, the value per acre was $16.09, as compared with $11.79 for common varieties. Table 2.- -Estimated production in 1914 of the different varieties of wheat in the three spring wheat States. Total. Minnesota. North Dakota. South Dakota. Variety. Bushels. Per cent. Bushels. Per cent. Bushels. Per cent. Bushels. Per cent. Blue Stem 68,023,000 32, 297, 000 23,765,000 18,103,000 6,360,000 2,011,000 5,584,000 43 21 15 12 4 1 4 22,240,000 12,984,000 2,715,000 990,000 1,349,000 975, 000 1,722,000 52 30 7 2 3 2 4 36,395,000 9,425,000 17,519,000 10, 389, 000 4,111,000 70,000 3,653,000 45 11 21 13 5 """4' 9,388,000 9,888,000 3,501,000 6,724,000 900,000 966,000 199, 000 30 Velvet Chaff 31 Fife U Durum 21 Marquis 3 Winter 3 1 Total 156,143,000 100 42,975,000 100 81,592,000 100 31,566,000 100 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 Table 3. — Estimated yield per acre in 1914, average price per bushel in the middle of January, 1915, and value per acre of the several varieties of wheat in the three spring wheat States. Minnesota. North Dakota. South Dakota. Variety. Yield per acre. Price 11 Value per acre. Yield per acre. Price 11 Value per acre. Yield per acre. Price 11 Value per acre. Blue Stem Bu. 9.8 11.6 10.3 12.3 12.8 19.5 11.0 $1.15 1.15 1.18 1.24 1.17 1.15 1.15 $11.27 13.34 12.15 15.25 14.98 22.42 12.65 Bu. 10.3 12.1 10.9 13.9 14.9 13.7 10.8 $1.16 1.16 1.17 1.29 1.18 1.16 1.11 $11. 95 14.01 12.75 17.93 17.58 15.89 11.99 Bu. 7.5 9.3 9.3 11.2 11.2 14.0 8.7 $1.10 1.10 1.12 1.24 1.17 1.09 1.13 $8.25 Velvet Chaff 10.23 Fife 10.42 13. S9 13.10 Winter 15.26 Other or uncertain 9.83 Average 10.6 1.155 12.25 11.2 1.177 13.19 9.1 1.134 10.32 FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. Table 4. — Crop situation in Florida and California, Mar. 1, 1915, with comparisons. Item. Orange trees (condition) Lemon trees (condition) Lime trees (condition) Grapefruit trees (condition) Pineapple plants (condition) Tomatoes (condition) Cabbatres (condition) Celery (condition) Cauliflower (condition) White potatoes! (condition) Spring pasture (condition) Spring plowing (per cent done).. Spring planting (per cent done) . Meadows (condition) Florida. 1915 1914 1913 California. 1915 1914 1913 ' The acreage planted to white potatoes is about 10 per cent lower than last year's acreage. THE HAWAHAN SUGAR CROP, 1913-14. The sugar produced in Hawaii during the year ending June 30, 1914, equaled 612,000 short tons, and was the largest ever recorded for that Territory. While the acreage was less than in the three previous years, the average yield of cane per acre was the highest and so was the sugar yield per acre of cane. An average of 45 tons of cane per acre was harvested, and 240 pounds of sugar were made on an average, from each ton of cane. Details are shown in Table 5. Since 18 months are required for a crop to mature, only a part, possibly one-half, of the total cane acreage is actually harvested during one season. Ten plantations reported in 1913-14 a total cane area of 39,580 acres, of which 20,755 acres, or 52 per cent, were harvested during the year. FARMERS BULLETIN 605. Table 5. — The Hauaiiaii sugar campaigns ending Sept. SO, 1912-1914. [Figures for 1914 are subject to revision.] Facto- ries in operar tion. Aver- age length of cam- paign. Sugar made. Cane used for sugar. Average extraction of sugar. Island and year ending Sept. 30- Area har- vested. Aver- age yield per acre. Produc- tion (cane crushed). Per cent of cane. Per short ton of cane. Per acre of har- vested cane. Hawaii: 1914 Num- ber. 23 24 24 9 9 9 7 7 7 7 10 10 Days. 174 170 204 214 198 206 167 152 192 188 157 200 Short tons. 213, 000 197,212 209, 914 121,000 100, 340 96, 845 145,000 124, 820 148, 740 133,000 124, 152 139, 539 Acres. 51,000 53,600 52,900 21,600 20,800 18,900 19,400 19, 700 19,400 20,700 20,500 21,800 Short tons. 36 32 34 50 42 43 54 47 55 53 49 50 Short tons. 1,854,000 1,'J03,000 1,799,000 1,089,000 841,000 807, 000 1,054,000 929,000 1,074,000 1,097,000 1,003,000 1,094,000 Per cent. 11.49 11.58 11.67 11.11 11.93 12.00 13.76 13.44 13.85 12.12 12.38 12.75 Pounds. 230 232 233 222 239 240 275 269 277 242 248 255 Pounds. 8,353 1913 7,364 1912 7,936 Kauai: 1914 11,204 1913 9,665 1912 10, 248 Maui: 1914 14,948 1913 12, 684 1912 15, 334 Oahu: 1914 12,850 1913 12, 153 1912 12, 802 Territory of Hawaii: 1914 . . .. 46 50 50 183 169 200 612, 000 546, 524 595,038 112,700 114,600 113,000 45 39 42 5,094,000 4,476,000 4,774,000 12.01 12.21 12.46 240 244 249 10, 861 1913 9,544 1912 10, 532 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE CROP REPORT. Reports to the International Institute of Agriculture from seven countries show a total area sown to winter wheat, in the autumn of 1914, of 85,600,000 acres, or 14 per cent more than was sown in 1913. The countries included in this report are British India, Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, Italy, Luxemburg, Switzerland, and the United States. The production of wheat in 1914-15 in Argentina, Chile, and Australia is reported by the International Institute as 246,000,000 bushels; in 1913-14 these crops equaled 230,000,000 bushels. An abnormally small crop in Australia in 1914-15 (only 28.5 per cent of the 1913-14 crop) was more than compensated by good crops in Argentina and Chile, leaving a net increase in the three countries in 1914-15 of 7 per cent over 1913-14. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops increased about 2.5 per cent during February; in the past seven years the price level has increased during February 1.6 per cent. On March 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 7.6 per cent higher than a year ago, 27.1 per cent higher than two years ago, and THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 12.0 per cent higher than the average of the past seven years on March 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals decreased 1.7 per cent during the month from January 15 to February 15. This compares with an average increase from January 15 to February 15 in the past five years of 1.4 per cent. On February 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.46 per 100 pounds, which compares with S7.27 a year ago, $6.70 two years ago, $5.54 three years ago, $6.19 four years ago, and $6.71 five years ago on Feb- ruary 15. A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 12 to 15. STOCKS OF WOOL IN MANUFACTURERS' HANDS. The first inquiry made by the Department of Agriculture as to stocks of wool held by manufacturers on January 1 resulted in replies from manufacturers whose total purchases in 1914 amounted to 158,169,000 poimds of wool (raw equivalent). Their stocks on January 1, 1915, amoimted to 39,995,000 pounds, which equals 25.3 per cent of their purchases last year. Their stocks on January 1, 1914, were 22,933,000 pounds. The manufacturers reporting had, therefore, in the aggregate, nearly 75 per cent more wool on January 1, 1915, than on January 1, 1914. TIME OF TRANSIT TO ENGLAND THROUGH PANAMA CANAL. The average time of transit for steamships from United States Pacific coast ports to England is about one-half what it was before the opening of the Panama Canal. Grain ships arriving at British ports from August, 1914, to February 13, 1915, from San Francisco, Portland, Oreg., and Puget Sound averaged 48 days for a voyage. Of 27 voyages, the shortest was 34 days and the longest 88. Only 3, however, exceeded 54 days. Most of the grain exported from the Pacific coast is carried in steamships this season (1914-15). Last season (1913-14) most of the export grain from the Pacific coast was carried in sail vessels, whose voyages to British ports averaged 136 days. Of 22 cargoes, the shortest time of transit was 102 days and the longest 171 days. In 1913-14 the average time of transit for steamships carrying grain over these routes was 94 days, or nearly double the average for the first part of 1914-15. 8 TARMEES BULLETIN 665. COUNTRIES PROHIBITING CEREAL EXPORTS. Exports of various articles of food have been prohibited by many countries since the outbreak of the present European war. The International Institute of Agriculture gives the following list of countries from which it is forbidden to export certain articles: Cereals generally are forbidden to be shipped out of Austria- Hungary, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain and Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Roumania, Sweden, Switz- erland, Egypt, Tunis, Union of South Africa, Australia (except to Great Britain and Ireland), New Zealand, and, to some extent, out of Canada and Russia. The regulations of some of the countries differ as to what cereals are prohibited, what countries of destina- tion are affected, and as to other details. Great Britain and Ireland, also Switzerland, prohibit the export of all foodstuffs. WAGES OF FARM LABOR. The money wages of farm labor averaged during the past year about 1.7 per cent lower than during the preceding year, but about 9 per cent higher than five years ago. The wages per month without board averaged, for the United States, $29.88 during the past year, which compares with $30.31 in the preceding year, $27.43 five years ago, and $19.97 fifteen years ago. State averages last year ranged from $16.50 in South Carolina to $56 in Nevada. Wages per month, including board, averaged $21.05, compared with $21.38 in the preceding year, $20.01 five years ago, and $13.90 fifteen years ago. State averages last year ranged from $12 in South Caro- lina to $39 in Nevada. Day labor other than harvest, without board, averaged $1.45 a day, compared with $1.50 the preceding year and $1.29 five years ago. State averages ranged from $0.82 in South Carolina to $2.54 in Montana. Day labor other than harvest, with board, averaged $1.13, compared with $1.16 a year ago and $1.03 five years ago. State averages ranged from $0.64 in South Carolina to $1.80 in Montana. Day labor at harvest time, without board, averaged $1.91, compared with $1.94 a year ago and $1.71 five years ago. State averages ranged from $1.06 in Mississippi to $3.25 in North Dakota. Day labor at harvest time, with board, averaged $1.55, compared with $1.57 a year ago and $1.43 five years ago. State averages ranged from $0.82 in Mississippi to $2.68 in North Dakota. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 The reductions in wages as compared with the preceding year were greatest in the Southern States, due largely to the depression in the cotton market; but all sections showed some reduction, although a few States showed slight advances in some kinds of employment. FARM LABOR EMPLOYMENT SERVICE. A system of distribution of wage earners, established by the Department of Labor of the United States, is now in operation and prepared to receive applications for help, skilled and unskilled. On January 22 the Department of Labor pubhshed the following notice: To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: The Department of Labor, through the Division of Information of the Bureau of Immigration, has recently established distribution branches throughout the country for the purpose on the one hand of developing the welfare of the wage earners of the United States and improving their opportunities for profitable employment, and on the other hand of affording to employers a method whereby they may make application for such help as they need, either male or female, citizens or alien residents, and have their wants supplied through said distribution branches. No fee is charged employer or employee for this service. The Post Office Department and the Department of Agriculture are cooperating with the Department of Labor in this work. The plan provides for placing in every post office in the United States the blanks of the Division of Information, so that persona seeking employment and employers in need of help may apply at their local post offices for the appropriate blanks on which to make application. Realizing that the distribution of these blanks in this way will in all probability result in the filLug of many applications for employment, it has been deemed advisable to commimicate directly with industrial establishments, farmers, and other employers of labor, for the purpose of securing profitable employment for applicants. There is accordingly sent you herewith a form of application which, in the event of your needing help, may be filled out and returned in the accompanying envelope without postage. Careful attention will be given to the selection of applicants with a view to directing to employers only such help as is specified in the applications received . If you are not in need of help — skilled or unskilled — at the present time the inclosed blank may be retained for future use. (Signed; W. B. Wilson, Secretary. The cooperation by the Department of iigriculture, referred to above, does not involve more than giving wide publicity among farmers to the service undertaken by the Department of Labor. 85305°— Bull. 665—15 2 10 FABMEES' BULLETIN 665. If a farmer wishes to hire some farm hiborers he can secure an appHcation blank from his nearest post office. The following is a form of such blank: For Use in Making Application for Farm Help. U. S. Department of Labor. BUREAU of immigration, DIVISION OF INFORMATION, WASHINGTON. Division No Branch No (farm laborers.) Read carefully notations on back hereof before attempting to fill out this blank. Write name and address plainly. Date 1. Employer: Post office (Name.) County of State of Telegraph office Railroad station 2. References: 3. Number of men you wish to hire: 4. (a) Nature of duties: (State whether truck farm, stock farm, or dairy.) (b) State number of cows each man must milk: 5. (a) Nationalities acceptable: (State whether or not knowledge of English is necessary.) (6) Will English-speaking men of any other nationality be acceptable? (c) Do you desire experienced help or "gi-een hands "? 6. (a) Married or single men preferred: (h) Do you require that married men be accompanied by wives? (c) Will children be objectionable? 7. (a) Will you advance transportation from points within the United States? (b) If so, will amount be deducted later from employee's wages? (f) Will you refund the money so deducted after a period of service, and, if eo, under what conditions? 8. (a) What money wage will fgreenhand? $--^;^^----- I - - .^-^-^-^^- - - - per month; you pay married man.] experienced hand? $........ $ per month; (Winter.) (Summer.) and will house (furnished or unfurnished), garden patch, fuel, milk, etc., be provided free in addition to wages? (6) Would services of wife be required, and, if so, her duties and compensation therefor? (c) What wages will you payjg-en hand? $. . .^^^.. . . $. . ^.^^.^. . . .per month; single man [experienced hand? $ $ per month; (Winter.) (Summer.) and will board, lodging, washing, etc., be furnished free in addition to wages? (Yes or no.) (d) Winter pay to Summer pay to (Date.) (Date.) (Date.) (Date.) 9. When will services of this help be required? (State day and month when you desire help to arrive.) 10. Hours of labor: 11. Will employment be permanent? 12. Size of farm or place, Under cultivation, Number of men (Acres.) (Acres.) on place, THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 11 13. Do you employ extra hands for any part of the year; if so, how many; for what kind of work; at what pay; when, and for how long a period of time? 14. Remarks: It is agreed that the undersigned will keep the division informed as to need of men applied for above, and advise by telegraph (at emj^Ioyer's expense) in case said help is secured through other sources; this in order that men may not be directed and find position filled upon arrival. (Sign here) (Note.— Additional sheets may be used if necessary.) READ CAREFULLY BEFORE FILLING OUT BLANK. I^^N. B. — The party filling out this blank may return same to the postmas- ter or transmit same through the rural mail carrier or through the officer in charge of any branch post office, whereupon it will be forwarded to destina- tion free of charge for postage. If transmitted otherwise the usual postage will be required. In addition to answering carefully all the questions on this blank, your especial attention is called to the following: Question 4. Nature of duties.— Define whether a "farmer" or a "farm laborer" is wanted. A "farmer" will be understood to mean one who is competent to take charge of and operate a farm without supervision. A "farm laborer" will be under- stood to mean one who has had some experience, but is to work under the immediate direction and supervision of the employer. If a "green hand" (one who has had no experience at farm work, but willing to learn) will be accepted as a farm laborer, it should be so stated. Also make it clear whether you operate a "dairy farm, " "stock farm, " "truck farm, " etc. If immigrant help is acceptable, so state. "Experienced " are those with experience in native land, or in the United States; "green, " those with no farming experience. Question 5. Nationalities preferred.— As much scope as possible should be allowed in the matter of nationalities which would be acceptable to you. Always state whether or not a knowledge of English is necessary. Question 6. Married or single men preferred.- If your preference be for a man and wife, state whether or not a single man will answer, provided we are unable to supply the married couples. This is asked because at times there is a scarcity of the latter. Question 7. Will you advance transportation from points within United States? — The necessity for this question is due to the fact that many good men apply at our branch offices who would willingly go to distant points, hut are unable to do so ivith- out aid from the prospective employer. Such advance would, of course, be made through a representative of this division, who would see that the employee was properly ticketed and then mail his baggage check direct to the employer interested, which ivould serve some- what as a precaution against an employee going astray. It must be distinctly understood, however, that the responsibility of the division and its representative ends when the said employee has been placed upon the train or boat. No guaranty is given or implied that he will actually arrive at his destination. (See circular on this subject.) Question 8. Wages.— This question must not be left unanswered, because of the fact that an employee wants to know as to the wages he is to receive before accepting an offer, and this point should be definitely stated. If wages are stated at so much per day, it should be made clear whether employee is paid for every day in the mouth or only for such days as work can be performed. Also approximate pay received per week or month in such case. 12 FARMEES' BULLETIN 665. All communications relative hereto should be addressed: Division op Information, Bureau of Immigration, Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. this service is free to employer and employee. Persons who wish, employment on a farm can secure from an}'^ post office an application blank, as shown below: Application for Employment. u. s. department of labor, bureau of immigration, division of information, washington. ^^lien you shall have filled out this blank please return same to the postmaster, or transmit same through the rural mail carrier or through the officer in charge of any branch post office, whereupon it will be forwarded to the proper officer of the Depart- ment of Labor for action. No postage necessary when thus returned. If transmitted otherwise the usual postage will be required. You will be notified when work of the iind desired is available. This service is FREE. T. V. Powderly, Chief of Division. Date Name and address Age Height feet inches. Weight pounds. Sex Race Where born (name of country) If oi foreign birth, how many years have you been in the United States? Trade or calling Experience Wages expected Other work will be accepted as Wages expected What experience have you had in this other work? Are you a citizen of the United States? If married, names of wife or husband and children Will family accompany you (yes or no)? If so, is wife able and willing to accept employment as domestic? How much money would you pay for railroad tickets? What languages do you speak? Name and address of last employer Wages received Cause of loss of position Name and address of one other employer Wages received Cause of loss of position Are you strong and robust (yes or no)? If you have any ailment or physical disabiUty, state just what it is How long have you been idle? In what States will you accept employment? If you are a farm hand, state kind of farming you have done, where service was per- formed, and the number of cows you can milk (Sign here) THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Immigration, Division of Information, Washington, D. C. Address list of distribution branches, showing territory controlled by each. [Address all communications as follows: " Distribution Branch, U. S. Immigration Service " (at the address shown below).] Zone No. Location of branch. Local address. States or territory controlled. 1 Boston, Mass 2 New York, N. Y Philadelphia, Pa U.S. Barge Office New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont. 3 Gloucester City , N. J Stewart Building. 4 Baltimore, Md gmia. 5 Norfolk, Va. 119 West Main Street Virginia, North Carolina. Florida^ Georgia, Alabama, South Carolma. Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee. 6 Jacksonville, Fla 7 New Orleans, La Immigration Station .do 8 (ralveston, Tex g Cleveland, Ohio Post-Offlce Building 845 South Wabash Avenue. . Federal Building Ohio, Kentucky. Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon- sin. 10 Chicago, III 11 Minneapolis, Minn 12 St. Louis, Mo Dakota. 13 Denver, Colo Central Savings Bank Build- ing. Pov.er Building Fifteenth Avenue West and Main Street. Railway Exchange Building Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, Utah. 14 Helena, Mont 15 Seattle, Vv'ash Washington. Oregon. 16 Portland, Oreg 17 18 Post-Office Building boundary of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino Coun- ties; also State of Nevada. boundary of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino Coun- ties; also State of Arizona. January 4, 1915. Reserve this list for reference. A. Caminetti, Commissioner General of Immigration. APPLES IN COLD STORAGE MARCH 1, 1915, AND PROGRESS OF MOVE- MENT. Contribution from the Office of Markets and Rural Organization. Reports as of March 1, 1915, have been received from 289 cold stor- ages having an approximate capacity of 7,074,580 barrels, showing the quantity of barreled and boxed apples held by them on that date. The following statement is for these 289 cold storages, March 1, 1915: 289 cold storages. Barrels. Boxes. Equivalent in barrels. In storage Mar. 1, 1915 1,378,874 1,730,662 1,955,761 14 FAEMEES BULLETIN 665. Of the 289 storages reporting on March 1, 216, having an approxi- mate capacity of 5,809,431 barrels, reported their holdings on March 1, 1913. Their holdings were as follows: 216 cold storages. In storage Mar. 1, 1913 1, 045, 249 1 , 784, 312 In storage Mar. 1, 1915 1, 026, 397 1 , 561 , 375 Barrels. Boxes. Equivalent in barrels. 1,640,020 1,546,855 From the above it appears that there were 5.7 per cent less apples in storage in these houses on March 1, 1915, than on March 1, 1913. Of the 289 storages reporting for March 1, only 221, having an approximate capacity of 5,657,209 barrels, reported on February 1. Their holdings on these dates were as follows: 221 cold storages. Barrels. In storage Feb. 1, 1915 1,588,425 2,158,759 In storage Mar. 1, 1915 1, 086,820 1, 533, 952 2,308,011 1,598,137 The decrease during February, 1915, is 501,605 barrels and 624,807 boxes, which is equivalent to 709,874 barrels. This is a decrease of 31.6 per cent in barreled apples and 28.9 per cent in boxed apples, or a total of 30.8 per cent of all apples in storage February 1, 1915. Of the 289 storages reporting for March 1, only 165, having an approximate capacity of 4,000,350 barrels, reported on December 1, January 1, and February 1. Their holdings on these dates were as follows : 165 cold storages. Barrels. Boxes. Equivalent in barrels. In storage Dec. 1, 1914. In storage Jan. 1, 1915. In storage Feb. 1, 1915. In storage Mar. 1, 1915. 1,676,909 1,539,127 1,247,783 878,059 2,202,011 2,055,537 1,827,922 1,313,011 2,410.913 2,224,306 1,857,090 1,315,929 These 165 firms show a decrease during December, 1914, of 8.2 per cent in barreled apples and 6.7 per cent in boxed apples, or a total decrease of 7.7 per cent. During January, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 17.4 per cent, of boxed apples 10.3 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 15.2 per cent of the total holdings of December 1. During February, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 22 per cent, of boxed apples 23.4 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 22,4 per cent of the total holdings of December 1. During the months of December, 1914, January, 1915, and Feb- ruary, 1915, taken together, the decrease was 47.6 per cent in barreled apples, and 40.3 per cent in boxed apples, or a total decrease of 45.4 per cent since December 1, 1914. This office will endeavor to issue on the 10th of next month a similar statement for the month of March. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 STOCKS OF CEREALS AND AGGREGATE VALUE PER ACRE OF CROP PRODUCTION. Table 6. — Wheat: Estimated stocks on farms and in interior mills and elevators, price per bushel Mar. 1, 1915, and percentage of crop which moved out of county tvhere groivn, by States, with comparisons. State. Per cent of crop on farms Mar. 1. 03 P.c. P.C. ■M) 35 80 12 23 25 IS 21 23 30 20 21 18 16 23 22 24 27 29 28 17 20 20 22 22 28 15 20 12 17 23 26 25 36 24 29 20 26 16 17 19 19 22 27 16 22 17 12 10 13 16 16 14 15 2 11 10 10 8 17 24 19 23 20 31 IS 24 21 15 6 12 23 28 16 28 17 19 12 12 11 11 6 13 17.2 19.9 9 tA Quantity on farms Mar. 1, in thou- sands of bushels. Per cent of crop shipped out of county where grown. Quantity in interior mills and elevators Mar. 1, in thou- sands of bushels. Price per bushel to producers Mar. 1. Maine Vermont New York New Jersey Pennsylvania. . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia.. North Carolina. South Carolina . Georgia Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota . . South Dakota.. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States P.c. 33 30 27 25 34 25 22 27 28 30 22 22 28 21 19 26 32 -28 31 19 23 25 28 18 17 20 17 13 11 14 1,863 256 5,462 467 2,368 2, " 850 2,126 156 339 8,038 6,486 5,550 3,983 878 10,314 3,013 6,933 15,502 6,945 10, 899 30, 124 1,254 1,786 56 1,547 4,798 276 3,488 458 2,036 386 52 1,673 213 2,442 5,021 1,826 408 Bu 35 3 1,700 294 6,570 336 1,296 2,332 810 1, 200 374 9,828 7,960 7,123 3,328 1,332 19, 720 4,264 6,732 14,991 9,180 13,706 10, 440 1,287 1,344 60 1,360 1,400 312 4,761 682 2,328 180 108 1,792 308 2,679 6,396 1,727 546 Bu. 31 6 1,861 370 6,909 399 1,985 2,396 749 1,1 168 287 8,113 6,485 6,197 3,903 1,092 17, 504 3,5S6 5, .564 19, 969 9,969 12, .365 12, 585 1,390 1,470 40 13 966 2,108 219 3,431 516 2,194 173 1,568 262 2, 883 6,337 2,087 735 P.C. 1 29 22 35 61 62 33 10 7 2 5 50 58 57 49 25 65 70 50 70 67 70 72 34 30 3 3 48 76 14 55 17 59 20 P.C. 31 30 32 53 56 32 12 4 1 6 44 52 53 40 24 59 58 43 68 65 62 54 25 28 3 48 60 14 55 25 55 15 10 28 20 54 75 P.c 24 27 29 55 61 31 16 5 2 4 44 50 54 41 18 66 42 Bu. 972 (1) 0) Bu (') 0) 612 0) 3,935 0) 1,136 1,591 0) (') C) 0) 4,212 4,773 3,770 1," 476 8,845 1,312 5,542 8,674 5,096 5,609 6,089 1,972 1,428 Bu ('^ (0 536 0) 3,571 G) 898 1,547 (') 0) (1) (1) 1,464 1,210 982 980 463 10, 726 1,928 4,275 24, 449 8,350 4,955 8,306 1,166 920 0) Cts. Cts. Cts. 2,320 1,575 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 9,594 1,764 3,215 16,118 130 145 144 142 145 148 142 144 150 146 146 141 142 134 139 132 126 137 137 134 128 131 133 142 143 130 139 130 133 120 116 120 112 135 121 135 122 128 128 131 95 22.6 152, 903 151,812 150,650 60.7 53.9 85,955 93, 626 118,400 133.6 102 100 100 100 100 100 105 105 113 124 121 117 124 90 90 85 94 86 85 81 87 100 107 117 110 101 90 95 77 92 81 102 108 80 101 74 80 83 96 89.0 • Not estimated separately, but included in total. 16 FARMEES BULLETIN 665. Table 7. — Corn: Estimated stocks on farms, price per bushel Mar. 1, 1916, percentage of crop which moved out of county tvhere grown, and percentage of crop which is of mer- chantable quality, by States, with comparisons. State. Per cent of crop on farms Mar. 1. Quantity on farms Mar. 1, in thousands of bushels. Per cent of crop shipped out of county where grown. Per cent of crop mer- chantable. Price per bushel to producers Mar. 1. OS 11 1 1— t a lO Cs OS P.C. 65 64 61 72 71 73 59 88 83 85 80 84 81 87 91 90 88 81 84 75 78 78 85 90 56 68 89 83 45 75 81 87 89 77 74 65 79 85 78 86 75 75 80 >>^ 1 to 1—1 CT P.C. 79 78 75 80 82 83 72 88 80 87 84 84 78 86 90 89 85 82 84 87 73 75 73 86 81 66 82 90 83 82 86 87 87 82 81 79 82 82 73 79 80 84 75 OS Cts. 89 86 84 81 104 92 90 80 83 73 86 93 93 94 97 93 89 73 70 68 73 71 62 65 76 67 62 64 74 77 81 93 83 88 96 83 93 87 85 68 100 92 'ii5 80 98 100 109 OS Cts. 85 80 74 79 77 80 77 71 70 68 83 86 93 101 93 81 63 61 60 66 59 50 56 72 57 54 60 71 79 82 93 81 79 87 75 82 '"75 68 77 108 74 Maine P.c. 17 18 20 27 35 26 27 43 35 46 44 39 30 48 49 52 31 32 36 33 31 27 29 36 24 19 30 41 27 38 41 48 44 34 23 20 27 15 10 38 30 15 15 5 13 17 9 14 P.C. 17 21 24 28 47 30 23 44 38 43 42 44 33 48 53 53 42 37 37 36 32 37 35 37 22 20 31 24 6 34 42 47 48 38 30 18 36 28 17 32 18 16 16 P.C. 21 26 28 31 40 31 29 42 37 44 43 44 33 46 51 47 39 38 40 42 34 32 34 43 36 20 35 40 31 40 42 45 43 35 31 30 38 19 18 27 21 18 20 Bush. 125 174 423 609 162 730 6,088 4,503 21, 762 3,262 10, 794 15, 358 6,808 27,624 17,904 29,120 3,472 45,669 58, 794 99,011 19,530 18, 863 26,390 140,193 38,016 2,660 23,400 71,320 29,221 34,675 32,964 26,634 25,641 13,124 28,704 10,000 11,340 210 52 4,038 773 86 63 2 77 165 59 302 Bush. 102 168 408 532 188 690 3,450 4,796 21,698 2,666 9,282 22,660 7,491 26,544 20,405 33,390 4,242 54,131 65,268 101,592 17,952 24,716 33,600 125, 171 28,402 2,160 20,863 27,408 1,404 25, 432 28,854 26,038 30,240 15, 884 48,960 9,396 16,920 252 85 2,016 288 80 48 40 150 78 252 Bush. 151 279 532 657 189 898 5,559 4,152 20,352 2,438 9,143 19,489 6,153 21,980 16,427 24,755 3,313 60,584 74,267 150,043 18,413 18,719 27,233 147,296 71,309 1,412 19, 165 64,336 44,495 35,298 33, 758 21,787 22,799 13,454 35,448 19,154 18,217 120 55 1,844 349 73 49 1 42 133 70 221 P.C. 1 2 2 12 9 32 25 7 4 4 3 3 5 20 25 34 6 4 26 34 6 3 30 29 12 6 11 3 6 12 7 12 3 3 1 15 12 4 2 2 5 1 15 P.C. 1 1 1 2 15 7 35 20 8 4 3 2 6 4 23 29 35 5 5 25 30 5 3 35 15 1 5 9 2 4 6 6 12 3 3 1 15 3 10 3 3 5 2 17 P.C. 1 1 1 2 16 7 37 28 10 5 4 3 3 2 24 32 44 5 • 3 16 2 28 35 20 10 15 3 3 6 8 24 3 2 10 5 6 4 2 4 2 19 P.C. 77 75 68 80 84 83 77 89 88 88 87 81 82 86 90 86 83 86 87 85 83 82 88 93 66 76 93 93 83 73 81 85 84 83 74 75 82 80 78 91 88 85 78 85 80 80 75 90 cts. 76 New Hampshire 73 70 Massachusetts Khode Island Connecticut New York 74 89 74 71 New Jersey 70 Pennsylvania 68 63 Maryland 65 Virginia 76 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 77 87 93 87 Florida 86 Ohio .57 Indiana .53 Illinois 53 Michigan .59 .56 Minnesota 47 Iowa 48 .59 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 57 47 49 .57 Kentucky 69 Tennessee 71 Alabama 84 78 Louisiana 73 79 Oklahoma 63 75 Montana 96 Wyoming 62 Colorado 63 New Mexico Ari7.ona 92 110 Utah 77 Idaho 10 15 13 14 15 16 12 14 87 78 80 85 88 82 81 89 73 71 77 86 74 Washington Oregon 79 88 California 84 United States. 34.1 35.4 39.1 910,894 866,392 1,036,611 18.6 17.2 21.7 84.5 80.1 84.2 75.169.1 60.0 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 Table 8. — Oats: Estimated stocLs on farms, price per bushel Mar. 1, 1915, and percetitage of crop which Tnoved out of county where grown, by States, with comparisons. State. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts... Rhode Island . . . Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . . Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia... North Carolina.. South Carolina. . Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota... South Dakota... Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah M evada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States.. 33.2 Per cent of crop on farms Mar. 1. 1915 P.ct. 34 24 35 25 26 20 38 35 39 20 25 23 24 18 15 19 15 31 24 29 40 36 37 37 26 43 42 42 33 23 24 15 15 10 21 23 25 .29 30 33 25 20 37 23 21 20 23 12 P.ct. 36 28 38 24 27 27 43 35 42 25 26 30 28 20 18 19 15 36 29 37 39 45 44 40 28 47 43 38 23 23 ■ 26 14 16 15 22 25 27 46 35 35 20 23 32 31 32 33 33 15 10- year aver- P.ct. 34 31 38 32 31 26 43 40 40 27 28 31 32 22 17 16 16 36 31 35 37.4 37.4 379,369 Quantity on farms Mar. 1, in thousands of bushels. Bu. 1,966 109 1,175 83 14 64 15,262 680 12,554 22 290 681 504 788 1,125 1,710 135 15,601 10, 773 36, 537 20,301 22, 356 31,494 61,050 6,708 27,909 18, 549 29,232 19,457 845 1,932 1,287 552 161 4,725 6,958 1,560 5,380 2,362 4,290 494 67 1,758 155 3,068 2,792 2,930 924 1914 Bu. 2,016 112 1,178 72 14 81 18,361 700 15,036 25 338 1,260 784 900 1,530 1,748 135 19, 584 10, 556 38,517 17, 650 37,350 49, 544 67,360 7,420 27, 166 18,103 22, G48 7,889 736 1,638 938 448 150 7,150 4,625 1,728 10, 028 2,940 3,745 300 69 1,312 155 4,832 4,686 5,016 419, 463 5-year aver- Bu. 1,681 138 1,061 89 17 90 16, 525 735 13, 783 26 334 1,112 712 733 1,297 1,297 118 23,978 17,358 51,877 18, 045 32, 907 39, 829 68, 451 10,297 27,646 15, 598 22,356 13,838 912 1,526 686 342 121 4,397 4,967 1,195 7,981 2,354 3,325 309 40 1,299 109 4,493 3,734 3,756 873 424,347 Per cent of crop shipped out of county where grown. 1915 1914 P.ct. P.ct. I 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 8 13 8 5 10 10 12 15 5 7 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 6 1 2 35 31 42 43 47 45 23 23 20 17 30 28 49 44 10 10 18 14 30 25 29 17 15 2 4 2 16 15 3 2 6 2 5 3 28 32 24 18 5 5 31 28 14 25 27 30 25 15 10 10 25 31 17 16 42 41 41 45 34 32 35 50 29.4 26.5 10- year aver- P.ct. 2 1 1 1 7 13 7 10 12 7 3 2 4 4 3 32 44 50 26 18 29 41 15 16 27 32 13 6 17 2 1 1 25 22 3 34 15 27 11 12 27 16 44 42 34 42 Price per bushel to producers Mar. 1. 29.4 Cts. 66 69 65 62 60 64 62 60 59 55 52.1 18 FARMEES BULLETIN 665. Table 9. — Barley: Estimated stocks on farvis, price per bushel Mar. 1, 1915, and per- centage of crop vjhich moved out of county where grown, by States, with comparisons. State. Per cent of crop on farms Mar. 1. Quantity on farms, Mar. 1, in thousands of bushels. Per cent of crop shipped out of county where grown. Price per bushel to producers, Mar. 1. 1915 1914 1913 1915 1914 5-year aver- age. 1915 1914 1913 1915 1914 5-year aver- age. P.c. 24 7 25 26 23 15 10 26 23 27 26 24 26 22 20 25 26 30 33 10 15 30 11 22 30 26 30 10 26 20 19 19 15 13 P.c. 20 20 25 23 27 14 17 27 22 28 25 32. 31 23 20 27 23 21 25 7 6 15 12 30 25 25 20 19 • 25 25 23 23 21 15 P.c. 23 25 25 33 28 10 18 32 30 38 27 33 34 29 35 31 25 31 44 9 6 26 15 44 45 35 12 24 29 30 25 20 24 16 Bu. 36 2 104 546 45 25 29 228 46 438 608 4,423 8,240 2,059 24 7,069 5,083 797 1,940 14 20 60 19 470 158 1,031 51 126 374 122 1,336 1,349 549 5,468 Bu. 28 6 90 473 49 20 49 259 44 393 527 5,981 10, 788 2,300 22 6,885 3,856 370 486 6 3 25 8 558 99 812 19 282 289 123 1,739 1,677 882 4,972 Bu. 28 4 96 528 56 17 44 160 53 469 488 5,576 8,939 3,069 35 6,179 3,861 494 940 9 9 19 26 394 100 650 12 212 238 128 1,327 1,313 819 5,162 P.c. 1 14 5 5 7 40 20 45 19 40 56 62 10 45 55 30 30 4 15 10 9 21 4 22 5 35 35 20 44 50 25 45 P.c. 1 1 16 5 6 28 45 40 21 42 53 60 50 61 21 20 5 10 10 5 40 5 20 10 40 35 10 45 68 31 50 P.c. 1 20 10 5 7 38 40 41 25 41 60 60 19 65 64 16 20 20 15 16 38 25 25 10 20 30 20 31 50 40 60 Cts. "'go' 97 83 80 81 "'62' 65 71 75 73 63 68 Cts. 76 80 75 71 75 62 70 56 50 56 65 53 47 52 Cts. 80 New Hampshire 81 80 New York 77 Pennsylvania Maryland 72 62 66 Ohio 66 60 64 Michigan 68 Wisconsin 70 Minnesota.. 63 04 Missouri 70 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 60 62 54 59 84 95 71 80 65 69 69 78 65 57 97 60 76 76 76 40 45 48 54 70 90 73 77 55 64 56 75 60 55 80 50 51 57 60 55 60 53 Kansas 59 Kentucky 73 Tennessee 83 87 Oklahoma 62 63 Wyoming 71 Colorado 60 New Mexico 73 Arizona 71 Utah 64 Nevada 81 Idaho 54 Washington 60 Oregon 63 California 68 United States. . 22.0 24.8 27.8 42,889 44,126 41,454 45.1 48.4 53.7 67.7 51.1 62,9 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 AGGREGATE VALUE PER ACRE OF CROPS, BY STATES, 1909-1914. Table 10. — Aggregate value per acre of crop production. [The tabulation below gives the average value per acre of 12 leading crops (corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, hay, flaxseed, cotton, rice, and tobacco) which represent more than 90 per cent of the total area of all crops, and which closely approximate the value per acre of all crops. For compari- son the value of all crops which had acreage reports in the census of 1909 is also given.] State and division. Value per acre. 12 crops combined. 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 Census, 1909 Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Oliio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho Washington Oregon California United States Geographic division: North Atlantic , South Atlantic North Central, East. North Central, West South Central Western $22. 15 22.58 20.20 36.20 32.07 41.50 21.06 28.76 22.13 22.43 23.25 18.12 20. 61 20.18 17.88 14.69 17.39 19.79 17.27 16.25 18.96 18.53 13.19 17.92 13.96 11.10 10.79 14.19 15.66 20.22 16.75 14.16 13.68 15.40 13.48 12.21 14.01 18.23 18.54 18.97 23.58 29.34 22.72 29.70 20.90 23.96 19.87 18.40 16.34 22.83 17.82 17.79 14.28 14.40 20.35 $23. 72 20.44 20.78 32.34 32.25 37.63 19.33 29.02 21.34 18.47 18.85 23.69 21.67 24.84 25.18 20.80 17.85 19.29 17.28 14.87 16.83 19.41 14.26 17.01 12.29 8.15 9.48 10.85 7.00 19.12 18.01 20.00 19.62 19.05 18.52 10.06 18.56 16.07 15.37 18.88 22.26 38.85 21.66 32.30 19.93 20.00 18.67 20.25 $23.43 21.51 22.61 34.38 30.62 43.04 20.04 28.70 22.41 19.00 19.55 19.58 21.57 22.35 21.35 16.42 14.41 17.75 14.97 15.37 16.42 17.63 11.80 14.30 13.98 11.49 10.21 9.80 10.60 20.14 17.36 17.45 17.01 17.76 19.50 11.34 17.93 16.24 17.74 17.41 19.45 38.52 23.14 29.93 19.04 18.78 18.66 21.84 $26.24 21.77 20.47 31.59 32.81 40.69 20.80 26.67 21.11 19.82 18.97 18.31 16.79 20.82 22.55 19.52 15.70 19.45 16.69 15.99 19.89 20.64 13.16 14.13 13.24 9.13 6.29 10.59 8.94 18.81 17.40 17.32 15.39 15.86 13.97 7.93 16.68 20.41 21.11 17.02 28.78 39.62 22.37 34.93 23.47 21.42 19.24 21.86 $23. 35 21.41 18.39 29.94 29.04 37.77 19.51 26.59 20.60 18.17 19.52 19.18 18.51 21.46 24.59 19.47 15.58 16.89 14.88 14.30 16.39 15. 10 12.96 12.22 13.84 4.55 10.12 9.95 9.95 20.25 17.61 18.56 20.48 16.08 17.87 14.02 19.40 18.78 25. 88 19.96 22.81 29.67 24.58 37.12 21.86 19. 65 21.88 18.82 16.31 15.96 21.80 22.54 17.07 11.52 17.45 19.59 22.75 19.31 16.22 11.91 17.31 19.55 22.39 19.80 17.95 11.08 14.55 21.43 21.24 20.47 15.30 10.67 17.79 20.63 $20.91 19.53 17.61 30.89 29.01 35.16 18.39 26.31 18.16 17.00 18.66 17.63 16.71 18.62 22.48 19.32 15.06 19.07 17.29 17.56 16.85 16.54 13.72 14.40 14.16 12.36 12.05 12.36 11.25 20.68 15.81 15.69 17.59 15.60 15.50 11.80 16.61 20.45 16.52 20.50 19.05 29.77 23.25 26.30 22.15 21.11 18.59 19.51 16.02 19.61 19.10 17.57 12.96 15.75 20.39 20 farmers' BULLETIN" 665. FARM WAGES. Table 11. — Wages of male farm labor. state and division. Per month with board. Per month without board. 1914 1913 1909 1899 1914 1913 1909 1899 Maine $26.30 24.70 26. 30 25.00 24.50 22.90 25.40 21.00 20.40 17.80 17.00 16.20 21.00 15. .50 12.00 12.80 16.50 22.50 22.10 24.80 24.70 28.00 28.70 30.10 21.10 31.20 30.10 28.10 24.80 17.20 15.20 13.00 12.70 14.30 19.10 20.20 16.40 36.10 34.20 30.00 25. 00 34.00 36.00, 39.00 35.70 32.90 32.00 34.80 $25.50 24.70 26.30 25. .50 25.00 23.90 25.50 21.20 20.60 17.20 17.30 16.10 21.20 15.90 13.40 14.30 17.90 22.70 22.30 25.30 24.90 28.10 28.90 30.70 21.60 31.00 30.00 26.90 24.00 17.40 15.80 14.40 13.60 14.00 19.20 20.00 17.00 37.20 34.70 29.10 24.80 35.00 38.50 39.70 36.00 33.20 31.00 35.10 $26. 71 25.18 25.93 26. 52 24.62 24.61 24.78 20.50 19.69 17.12 15.96 15.00 20.33 14.05 11.96 13.21 17.86 21.35 21.40 24.52 24.36 27.52 28.30 28.14 20.56 32.33 30.38 27.50 25.21 17.13 14.98 13.19 14.21 13.94 18.47 20.87 16.31 38.05 34.53 31.53 25.62 35.28 40.77 40.30 39.38 35.43 33.11 34.17 $18. 00 18.48 18.74 18.32 18.35 17.52 17.52 15.19 14.32 11.98 11.53 10.43 13.55 8.56 7.34 8.05 11.32 15.27 15.45 17.76 16.95 19.20 19.98 19.32 14.57 21.82 20.41 18.87 17.46 12.24 10.33 8.63 9.27 10.30 12.94 14.52 10.54 32.12 29.64 23.23 18.45 28.23 25.72 31.76 28.13 25.06 22.89 25.64 $37. 20 38.50 37.50 41.00 38.40 37.80 25.70 34.00 31.20 26.50 26.00 22.80 30.00 21.90 16.50 18.00 24.50 31.80 30.10 33.00 34.70 39.90 40.80 40.00 29.20 45.10 43.50 39.70 35.10 24.20 21.10 18.90 18.20 20.70 27.00 28.80 24.00 52.80 50.00 44.60 36.60 48.00 50.00 56.00 51.00 48.40 46.00 50.10 $36.00 38.60 37.00 42.00 39.40 39.30 36.20 35.50 32.00 26.00 26.50 23.50 30.50 22.30 17.90 20.20 26.70 32.20 30.20 33.30 35.00 39.80 41.00 40.20 29.40 42.50 43.00 38.40 33.70 24.00 22.30 20.30 19.60 20.70 27.50 29.10 24.50 54.00 49.20 44.30 36.00 48. .50 51.00 56.50 50.00 48.40 44.50 50.70 $37.38 37.92 36.51 41.40 43.11 36.92 33.64 32.01 29.45 26.14 23.82 21.11 28.05 19.55 15.71 18.33 26.64 28.84 27.91 31.31 32.96 36.92 38.90 36.19 27.74 45.96 40.75 37.98 34.79 22.38 20.36 18.63 19.79 19.54 25.14 28.70 22.68 53.32 43.98 45.59 34.17 48.24 56.12 54.95 51.64 48.54 43.98 47.30 $26. 58 New Hampshire 28.22 27.49 Massachusetts Rhode Island C,m\-ncoX\mt 31.25 30.56 30.28 New York . . 24.88 New Jersey 25.30 Pennsylvania 22.71 18.55 Maryland 17.92 Virginia. 14.82 West Vir-iinia North rarolina South Carolina Georgia 19.85 12.39 10.06 11.38 Florida 17.40 Ohio 22.14 Indiana 21.87 Illinois 24.34 Mif>h igan 24.12 Wisconsin 27.68 MinnpsotH 29.46 Iowa Missouri 27.09 20.44 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 32.84 30.58 27.40 Kansas 25.24 Kentucky 16.64 Tennessep. 14.21 Alabama 12.56 Mississippi 13.17 T-onisiana. 14.88 Texas 17.98 Oklahoma ArVansa.s. , 21.55 15.09 Montana 42.78 42.54 Colorado 34.36 New Mexico 25.22 Arizona 38.26 Utah 34.43 Nevada 45.10 Idaho 39.39 36.77 Oregon 31.23 California 36.87 United States.. 21.05 21.38 20.01 13.90 29.88 30.31 27.43 19.97 Geographic division : North Atlantic... South Atlantic... North Central South Central.... 23.31 15.14 25.44 16.27 33.30 23.45 15.88 25.56 16.70 33.52 23.26 14.42 24.66 15.91 34.44 16.60 9.26 17.36 10.97 25.19 34.71 21.50 35.35 23.19 48. 17 35.29 22.62 35.23 23. 85 48.17 33.68 20.13 32.90 21.85 47.24 25.44 13.35 24.75 15.47 35.64 THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. Table Jl. — Wages of male farm labor — Concluded. state and division. Per day at har- vest with board. Per day at har- vest without board. Per day other than harvest with board. Per day other than harvest without board. 1914 1913 1909 1914 1913 1909 1914 1913 1909 1914 1913 1909 $1.73 1.68 1.70 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.85 1.73 1.51 1.45 1.38 1.21 1.40 1.14 .96 .97 1.07 1.79 1.76 1.88 1.86 1.87 2.36 2.24 1.55 2.68 2.40 2.21 2.30 1.38 1.15 .95 .82 1.00 1.32 1.72 1.16 2.26 1.98 1.84 1.42 1.80 1.96 2.00 2.28 2.29 2.12 1.96 81.71 1.70 1.71 1.61 1.53 1.55 1.80 1.78 1.53 1.40 1.30 1.25 1.31 1.13 1.03 1.10 1.12 1.81 1.80 1.93 1.94 1.90 2.43 2.25 1.57 2.70 2.37 2.19 2.14 1.36 1.18 1.00 .93 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.24 2.21 1.94 1.75 1.37 1.88 1.96 2.05 2.31 2.41 2.09 1.97 81.63 1.71 1.73 1.60 1.50 1.44 1.77 1.71 1.42 1.38 1.31 1.12 1.21 1.01 .94 .90 1.06 1.67 1.66 1.84 1.75 1.79 2.23 2.08 1.50 2.58 2.38 2.22 2.17 1.31 1.11 .89 .89 .92 1.20 1.61 1.11 2.23 1.99 1.80 1.28 1.73 2.00 2.04 2.17 2 34 2.06 2.01 $2.14 2.12 2.15 2.11 2.00 1.94 2.26 2.17 1.91 1.74 1.72 1.49 1.75 1.38 1.17 1.20 1.34 2.21 2.16 2.25 2.24 2.33 2.80 2.60 1.93 3.25 2.92 2.64 2.71 1.68 1.42 1.18 1.06 1.25 1.67 2.05 1.46 2.94 2.57 2.32 1.80 2.32 2.35 2.60 2.73 2 75 2.55 2.47 82.12 2.15 2.06 2.08 2.00 1.95 2.30 2.25 1.94 1.74 1.65 1.52 1.73 1.40 1.29 1.38 1.40 2.23 2.20 2.33 2.37 2.36 2.83 2.62 1.95 3.35 2.96 2.68 2.48 1.68 1.47 1.26 1.16 1.28 1.63 2.00 1.53 2.90 2.54 2.27 1.74 2.31 2.37 2.75 2.76 2.90 2.60 2.48 52.02 2.12 2.14 2.03 1.94 1.85 2.07 2.08 1.82 1.61 1.54 1.37 1.53 1.20 1.06 1.12 1.46 2.02 1.97 2.11 2.13 2.19 2.59 2.43 1.81 3.17 2.82 2.59 2.43 1.56 1.34 1.12 1.13 1.16 1.44 1.81 1.37 2.58 2.33 2.26 1.62 2.13 2.38 2.40 2.72 2.58 2.29 2.31 81.37 1.35 1.28 1.35 1.30 1.27 1.37 1.24 1.17 1.03 .94 .85 1.03 .81 .64 .74 .95 1.31 1.23 1.31 1.38 1.45 1.66 1.67 1.05 1.75 1.71 1.57 1.40 .86 .79 .73 .72 .86 1.03 1.13 .88 1.80 1.64 1.42 1.16 1.50 1.70 1.61 1.71 1.60 1.48 1.44 $1.35 1.39 1.31 1.39 1.25 1.25 1.41 1.23 1.17 .94 .91 .86 1.04 .83 .73 .82 .98 1.33 1.25 1.39 1.41 1.46 1.67 1.70 1.08 1.85 1.69 1.57 1.35 .87 .81 .83 .85 .85 1.08 1.10 .92 1.76 1.59 1.36 1.13 1.46 1.75 1.65 1.72 1.67 1.48 1.44 $1.28 1.31 1.21 1.04 1.12 1.14 1.26 1.09 1.04 .95 .90 .74 .89 .70 .60 .71 .86 1.18 1.13 1.33 1.26 1.35 1.53 1.53 1.00 1.66 1.69 1.58 1.44 .82 .74 .68 .75 .79 .93 1.12 .83 1.68 1.54 1.44 1.06 1.35 1.61 1.42 1.70 1.66 1.42 1.43 $1.77 1.78 1.67 1.87 1.70 1.74 1.76 1.65 1.52 1.30 1.26 1.09 1.40 1.02 .82 .94 1.24 1.70 1.56 1.69 1.75 1.87 2.05 2.10 1.35 2.33 1.20 1.99 1.77 1.11 1.00 .95 .98 1.04 1.34 1.45 1.12 2.54 2.22 1.98 1.53 1.95 2.12 2.50 2.28 2.18 2.01 2.05 $1.74 1.79 1.65 1.87 1.72 1.75 1.82 1.67 1.58 1.19 1.22 1.11 1.36 1.06 .91 1.04 1.30 1.71 1.59 1.73 1.82 1.93 2.14 2.13 1.39 2.50 2.22 2.06 1.75 1.13 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.10 1.34 1.47 1.18 2.52 2.22 1.95 1.53 2.00 2.15 2.38 2.32 2.20 1.98 2.01 SI. 59 1.70 1.54 1.69 Rhode Island 1.60 1.54 1.59 1.47 1.41 Delaware 1.14 1.17 .96 1.18 North Carolina .89 .71 .91 Florida 1.21 Ohio 1.47 1.38 Illinois 1.56 Michigan 1.62 1.70 1.88 1.82 1.27 North Dakota 2.14 South Dakota 2.19 1.94 1.73 1.00 .92 Alabama .87 .96 Louisiana 1.00 1.16 Oklahoma 1.37 1.05 2.31 Wyoming 2.04 1.87 1.39 1.74 Utah 2.07 2.22 2.25 1.79 1.94 United States 1.55 1.57 1.43 1.91 1.94 1.71 1.13 1.16 1.03 1.45 1.50 1.29 Geographic division : 1.68 1.12 1.98 1.20 2.02 1.67 1.16 2.00 1.21 2.02 1.62 1.03 1.87 1.10 2.02 2.09 1.38 2.39 1.49 2.51 2.12 1.45 2.42 1.51 2.53 1.98 1.25 2.21 1.34 2.51 1.28 .81 1.40 .88 1.52 1.30 .85 1.42 .93 1.52 1.16 .73 1.32 .82 1.48 1.67 1.05 1.75 1.14 2.09 1.71 1.09 1.83 1.18 2.07 1.53 .93 North Central 1.^ South Central 1.02 1.97 22 farmers' bulletin 665. PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. MARCH 1. State. Rye. per bushel. Buck- wheat, per bushel. Pota- toes, per bushel. Hay, per ton. Flaxseed, per bushel. Cotton, per pound. Butter, per pound. Eggs, per dozen. Chick- ens, per pound. 05 -d tt ^l 10 05 '- 6 >>> lA C3 10 a. ^1 (S 60 ® 2 lA 03 10 03 60 05 a 60 ®§ lA 03 10 05 ^6 '1 <^ C3 60 >A C3 Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. 72 70 89 88 Cts. 28 51 48 60 50 56 43 60 58 73 54 75 82 96 115 113 120 52 55 67 28 31 37 69 80 50 57 71 83 81 99 110 116 115 123 99 112 68 84 60 118 141 55 97 46 60 70 70 cts. 55 75 69 85 88 91 68 82 74 88 72 S3 87 91 131 114 138 71 71 77 48 48 52 Dols. 14.00 15.80 15.10 23.00 22.40 20.50 15.50 19.70 14.70 20.30 16.50 18.80 17.80 18.30 17.00 16.20 17.00 14.20 14.60 14.90 12.30 9.80 fi. SO Dols. 14.68 16.70 13.90 20.62 21.46 21.66 15.58 19.22 16.42 17.48 16.74 16. 48 16.36 16.42 17.96 17.72 17.38 14.06 13.42 13.84 13.74 12.94 7.90 10.64 11.50 6.78 7.16 8.58 9.54 15.36 15. 64 14.72 12.76 12.94 12.12 9.34 13.04 11.04 9.98 10.20 12.52 12.98 9.08 10.68 9.04 12.46 10.70 12.34 Cts. as. Cts. Cts. as. 30 33 34 36 36 36 33 35 32 32 29 27 26 24 26 23 35 26 24 26 28 30 28 28 23 25 26 23 24 22 20 22 22 29 22 22 23 34 32 28 36 37 27 36 26 31 31 30 Cts. 31 32 32 35 35 35 31 34 31 30 28 26 26 24 25 25 32 26 24 25 26 28 27 26 22 24 24 22 23 21 20 21 23 28 22 22 23 35 32 29 33 38 29 36 32 33 33 32 Cts. 27 28 28 32 30 31 28 30 26 26 22 20 23 17 19 17 22 20 19 21 25 24 23 22 18 25 23 20 18 17 17 16 16 20 16 18 18 29 28 24 31 27 22 34 25 24 26 24 as. 27 Cts. 14 fi cts. 14.3 New Hampshire 90 80 109 110 100 110 108 105 110 109 95 105 105 147 116 2913.8 27;13.7 3317.5 33 20. 32 17. 8 28 15. 9 30,16.9 26! 14. 2 2414. 5 2213. 8 2113.4 2312.8 1911.6 21 12. 7 20 13. 2 2416.3 22'll.7 20111.4 21 11. 4 24 11. 5 2311.5 2210.2 19:10.6 1910. 8 2410.0 20 9.0 19 9.6 181 9.8 1810.8 1810. 8 1812.0 1911.1 19!l4.0 17| 9.6 isj 9.6 1810.5 3314.1 14 4 '"97 89 110 13 15.8 16 1 88 78 77 78 73 74 82 85 99 153 140 100 94 85 79 90 71 74 67 15 9 14.2 16 3 13 13.4 Maryland 82 96 80 87 74 78 76 82 14 ? 8.0 13.4 13 ? West Virginia North Carolina 12.0 7.4 7.6 7.3 10.9 12.5 12.5 12.5 16.8 10 8 11 3 Georgia 1? 4 13 7 Ohio 106 102 98 109 111 108 94 103 105 100 98 93 109 106 150 130 73 70 69 70 68 63 68 76 59 59 61 72 89 95 145 74 86 77 78 75 90 116 76 70 97 67 70 66 91 98 11 7 11 1 Illinois 10 9 Michigan 11 3 130 163 139 150 163 153 122 138 182 175 162 129 177 172 158 159 11 Minnesota 9 5 74 12.10 9 9 88 62 72 81 97 88 97 118 119 107 122 115 113 70 89 65 104 124 63 83 61 60 61 88 14.40 5.70 6.40 7.50 8.40 17.80 17.60 14.10 11.90 11.90 9.80 8.90 13.60 8.10 7.00 7.60 12.00 10.00 7.40 7.50 8.00 11.70 9.90 8.00 7.1 11.8 10 4 North Dakota.. 9 6 8 9 Nebraska 85 107 9.1 Kansas 9 5 Kentucky . . 10 7 Tennessee 80 75 6.8 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.5 12.3 12.5 12.4 12.1 12.1 11.6 n.9 10 6 Alabama 11 •» 11 7 Louisiana 13.2 Texas 117 115 103 79 76 85 106 79 93 73 65 64 8 <» Oklahoma 9 1 Arkansas 9 9 Montana 148 138 14 ? 29 25 27 32 23 37 29 27 26 23 14.8 12.0 14.0 17.4 10.8 20.3 9.7 13.3 12.7 16.0 13 4 Colorado 135 13 ? New Mexico 13 9 18 ?, Utah 80 70 11 8 19 6 Idaho 80 84 117 100 70 7e 92 St 11 fi "Washington Oregon 13 6 1? 8 California 8.6 14 5 United States. 105.4 71. £ 85.5 70.7 50.4 66.9 11.71 12.84 157.9 173.8 7.4 12.4 26.8 25.9 21.3 21.5 11.7 11.2 THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 23 Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. • FEBRUARY 15. Hogs, per 100 Beef cat- tle, per 100 Veal calves,per 100 pounds. Sheep, , per 100 Lambs, per 100 Mnch cows, per head. Horses, per ee Wool, per pounds. pounds. pounds. pounds. * pound. State. ^ cj 1 >- c *-• a? (-■ t£ >H a; !- © •- oJ C3 M 1 03 tc o3 to 03 tc 03 bo C3 tuD c9 te lO

® s lO *i U2 «s 10 »g »o •^ Oi ^> en ^> OS ^> a> ^> OS ^> Ci '^> Oi ^> Oi CS "O <3 «0 C3 m 03 lO 03 lO 03 10 03 lO 03 Cts. Cts. Maine 17.30 $7.46 $6.90 $6.42 $8. 50 $7. 94 $5.10 $3.98 $6.10 $6.30 $57. 90 $51.16 $210 $185 23 20 NewHampshire 7.30 7.80 7.00 6.15 8.50 7.40 5.00 4.75 6.00 6.45 59.00 53.75 186 162 21 16 Vermont 6.30 7.14 4.90 5.08 7.60 6.78 3.70 3.80 5.70 5.90 55.00 45.42 175 158 24 17 Massachusetts.. 7.10 8.20 8.28 8.23 6.20 7.40 5.67 6.73 8.90 9.70 8.38 9.03 66.30 78.80 55.95 66.83 175 225 188 203 25 22 23 Rhode Island . . 's.'so '5.'23 '7." 70 '7." 73 16 Connecticut 9.00 9.13 8.00 7.00 10.50 8.90 8.30 5.67 1L50 7.67 74.40 56.50 205 217 24 20 New York 7.30 7.50 6.20 5.30 9.80 8.38 4.50 4.22 7.10 6.40 67.20 54.34 179 175 23 18 New Jersey 8.50 9.18 6.50 7.46 10.00 8.56 4.70 5.23 8.50 7.47 73.00 59.02 178 185 20 Pennsylvania.. 7.50 7.96 6.90 5.92 9.20 8.04 5.00 4.64 7.10 6.32 60.30 50.44 171 168 ""22 20 Delaware 7.50 7.90 6.30 5.63 9.70 9.18 4.70 4.93 6.70 7.33 55.00 47.67 129 133 25 22 Maryland Virginia 7.30 7.10 7.60 7.26 6." 20 5.80 5.04 8.' 30 8.40 7.10 4.' 50 4.56 4.20 '6.' 90 6.50 6.04 '47.' 70 45.62 38.76 "'i37 141 142 "23 i9 West Virginia. . 7.30 7.38 6.30 5.30 7.90 6.88 4.60 4.30 6.50 5.76 53.40 42.04 145 141 24 20 North Carolina. 7.60 7.44 4.80 4.26 6.00 5.30 4.60 4.36 5.50 5.18 38.50 33.52 148 155 20 18 South Carolina. 7.70 7.50 4.40 3.80 5.30 4.48 4.90 4.38 5.80 5.42, 38.40 33.88 145 170 17 18 Georgia 7.20 7.26 4.30 3.76 4.70 4.48 4.20 4.14 5.80 5.50 37.10 32.82 142 158 20 21 Florida 6.50 7.12 5.40 4.94 5.00 5.95 4.10 5.83 5.80 46.00 41.06 145 152 20 18 Ohio 6.40 6.30 7.54 7.44 6.60 6.40 5.80 5.48 8.40 7.80 7.94 7.26 4.80 4.30 4.30 4.00 6.90 6.70 "6." 28 5.98 59.40 54.00 51.72 50.70 158 139 165 152 24 22 19 19 Indiana Illinois 6.20 7.32 6.40 5.68 8.00 7.18 4.90 4.40 6.60 6.00 63.80 54.02 141 155 21 17 Michigan 6.20 7.24 6.00 5.02 8.10 7.50 4.40 4.28 6.80 6.32 60.00 48.24 166 172 23 19 Wisconsin 6.40 7.20 5.30 4.82 8.00 7.10 4.90 4.20 6.50 5.86 63.00 52.08 167 171 21 18 Minnesota 6.10 7.10 5.30 4.66 7.20 6.38 4.60 4.26 6.20 5.68 58.60 45.54 148 162 18 16 Iowa 6.20 6.00 7.24 6.94 6.50 6.30 5.90 5.44 7.70 7.10 6.64 6.30 5.10 4.70 4.54 4.20 6.90 6.30 6.02 5.46 58.50 55.40 52.02 46.42 142 110 163 125 19 20 17 17 Missouri North Dakota.. 5.70 6.68 5.30 4.46 7.10 6.10 4.70 4.42 6.10 5.54 61.80 48. 28 135 150 17 13 South Dakota. . 6.00 6.88 5.90 5.16 7.20 6.04 5.20 4.48 6.50 5.68 61.30 48.70 120 141 18 15 Nebraska 6.00 6.98 6.30 5.60 7.70 6.82 5.60 4.92 7.30 6.38 65.90 52.06 122 133 21 15 Kansas 6.10 6.30 7.08 7.04 6.50 5.90 5.74 4.92 7.80 6.70 7.40 6.30 5.50 3.90 4.90 3.64 6.70 6.00 6.18 5.38 67.40 48.30 50.66 40.40 120 114 130 129 19 22 15 Kentucky 19 Tennessee 6.30 6.80 5.40 4.34 6.70 5. .54 3.90 3.66 5.60 5.06 43.30 37.76 124 145 19 17 Alabama 6.40 6.92 4.10 3.32 5.20 4.66 4.90 3.92 5.40 4.94 36.70 31.74 120 138 18 17 Mississippi 5.60 6.30 4.20 3.48 5.00 4.68 4.00 3.48 5.20 4.62 36.80 30.74 104 115 16 15 Louisiana 6.00 5.86 5.20 3.96 5.90 4.66 6.00 4.32 7.00 4.55 38.00 29.96 100 86 14 14 Texas 6.40 6.00 6.70 6.88 5.40 5.50 4.28 4.80 6.20 6.70 5.16 5.76 5.00 5.20 4.30 4.86 5.80 6.40 5.36 6.08 54.40 57.70 43. 78 45.34 88 101 97 109 16 16 13 Oklahoma Arkansas 5.50 5.98 4.60 3.84 5.70 5.04 3.80 3.66 4.50 4.46 40.90 32.14 93 108 17 "is Montana 6.00 7.36 6.20 5.74 7.80 8.00 5.50 4.82 7.00 6.28 76.00 58. 56 137 134 22 Wyoming 6.50 7.68 6.90 5.60 10.00 7.34 6.00 4.76 7.90 6.30 83.50 60.16 110 107 22 "ii Colorado 6.40 7.16 6.70 5.78 8.70 7.56 5.30 4.94 7.20 6.34 76.00 53.18 120 116 18 New Mexico 6.80 7.42 6.50 4.92 9.30 6.68 5.50 4.68 6.60 5.70 66.00 53.25 78 86 16 13 Arizona 7.20 7.70 6.40 5.42 8.50 6.33 5.10 3.83 5.29 85.00 69.45 115 108 Utah 6.50 7.60 6.62 8.00 5.80 6.30 5.06 5.75 8.50 8.32 5.60 5.30 5.12 5.03 'e.'go 6.40 6.00 6.50 65.00 85.00 48. 44 62.67 117 127 117 124 '"i9 ik Nevada 7.80 7.33 13 Idaho 6.10 6.40 6.90 7.60 6.00 6.00 5.34 5.50 7.30 8.10 7.04 7.70 5.00 5.40 4.72 5.04 6.10 6.60 5.62 5.80 76.00 71.70 56.70 62.72 120 120 141 141 "21 16 Washington 15 Oregon 6.30 7.54 6.40 5.82 7.80 7.36 5.40 4.82 6.00 5.92 69.00 55. 34 101 124 19 14 California 6.90 7.32 6.40 5.98 7.70 6.56 5.70 4.76 6.50 5.74 66.20 55.14 111 139 16 12 United States 6.34 7.12 5.93 5.11 7.62 6.77 5.14 4.55 6.67 5.95 57.99 47.75 131. 62 142. 66 20.2 15.7 24 FARMERS BULLETIN 665. Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. FEBRUARY 15. • State. J .d C3 a ii .3 cS PL, il >> ft 2d f 6 < 3® ^- .a ft 1m 4) ft s 3 CM la W 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1915 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 Maine DoU. 14.70 16.30 14.10 21.10 21.50 21.80 16.00 19.50 15.00 16.60 17.00 20.30 DoU. 13.50 14.30 13.70 18.00 DoU. DoU. DU. DU. DoU. DoU. Cte. 60 64 80 85 91 75 51 60 56 75 50 61 56 73 115 100 Cts. 130 135 125 140 135 125 110 120 103 150 135 120 155 115 160 140 Cts. 200 Cts. CU. Cts. CU. 20 20 19 19 24 19 15 16 15 15 Qs. 20 20 19 20 21 20 15 17 15 19 CU. "22 "is 16 13 16 10 CU. 18 New Hampshire *>! Vermont 18 Massachusetts.. . 17 Rhode Island . . . 15 Connecticut 18.20 13.20 17.20 13.00 14.70 14.50 18 in ""56 95 106 68 275 228 267 191 60 New York 14.70 22.70 l^ New Jersey 16 Pennsylvania. .. 3.40 3.50 2.00 9 Delaware I' Maryland Virginia 19.50 23.00 21.70 25.10 24.80 30.00 16.40 16.20 16.50 14.20 11.70 11.00 14.00 15.30 11.00 9.90 9.00 9.40 19.90 19.80 21.00 17.60 18.50 16.00 12.10 18.20 8.90 8.10 7.80 10.20 10.60 7.70 2 98 ' 1 'i 32 00 OQ an 56 60 69 79 70 108 146 115 89 81 3.7 4.5 13 13 18 18 14, 14 13i 13 12' 12 12! 12 16| 17 17 17 15 16 13 15 14 14 12 9 11 15 13 10 11 14 13 13 14 West Virginia... 19.30:16.90 2.88 1.67 3.03 11 North Carolina.. South Carolina. . Georgia Florida 21.00 21.50 24.70 28.50 14.50 15.70 19.10 23.00 21.60 I.'?. 70 ii'.'ib 16.40 20.00 "7." 60 12.20 6.30 6.70 6.70 11.20 11.70 6.50 7.00 8.00 7.80 13.00 14.00 10.00 10.30 10.50 8.90 11.90 8.30 11.30 8.10 10.80 1.87 2.50 2.70 27.00 27.30 28.30 28.00 28.30 27.90 21.90 2.S..50 3.9 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 13 14 13 Ohio 2.17 2.50 2.412.20 2. 58 5 40 75 98 100 68 108 105 120 102 145 150 120 125 95 105 98 100 '136 125 105 75 190 70 100 140 115 120 100 150 170 140 125 68 67 58 60 106 100 109 60 142 138 124 132 150 n Indiana 17 Illinois 16.00 14.60 15 Michigan 11.90 10.80 9.20 13.70 15.10 7.30 10.00 10.00 10.40 19.10 20.30 21.00 10.40 9.30 8.70 12.50 14.50 8.20 9.60 9.50 9.80 17.40 18.80 19.00 14.20 14.00 2.45 2.00 2.10 1.75 14 15 15 16 16 19 16 15 16 14 14 11 11 15 15 15 16 16 11 Wisconsin 11 Minnesota 14 Iowa 210 105 19 Missouri 2.58 2.88 26.30 24.00 5.6 13 North Dakota. . . South Dakota. . . 190 164 197 135 145 130 100 100 150 150 140 135 188 120 140 235 110 185 100 107 100 110 17 16 15 15 13 11 12 11 12 15 13 14 13 11 12 12 11 11 12 13 11 12 14 11 12 14 14 12 12 10 10 12 12 11 10 9 11 7 7 "16 11 10 8 15 Nebraska 2.'6i 1.95 i.'96 1.75 2.65 1.75 2.50 1.80 3.00 2.46 2.18 2.81 2.08 2.10 2.10 94 100 53 64 80 82 "68 110 63 150 90 102 96 86 96 '"'54 125 78 13 Kansas 19 Kentucky 4.0 4.9 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 4.2 6.2 3.4 4.7 4.6 17 Tennessee Alabama Mississippi 22.40 25.80 23.30 20.50 19.20 19.40 20.30 25.10 26.40 24.10 18.00 19.00 20.00 19.20 13 12 ^^^ Louisiana 4.0 12 10 Texas 5.0 5.5 5.0 11 16 12 13 12 12 13 1? Oklahoma 1? Arkansas Montana 19.00 10.20 11.40 12.50 13.00 18.00 9.00 10.00 12.50 14 Wyoming 1? Colorado 150 8 New Mexico 5.0 10 Arizona Utah 8.50 9.00 8.00 75 145 85 64 90 88 73.1 12 12 14 13 12 12 13.7 8 Nevada 8 Idaho 11.00 12.70 11.70 9.20 9.20 11.20 8.30 10.00 7.50 11.30 9.10 8.50 10.20 10.20 8.00 7.00 10 Washington Oregon q q California 50 84.7 4.8 4.4 4.7 8 2.26 1.80 United States. 14.28 13.36 9.32 7.86 23.33 23.37 123.0 124.5 13.7 11.0 11.4 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 26 Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. FEBRUARY 15. States. .i3 O IS K4 CJIO ■52 a .il c 1 S a" §0. ffl ft sl 83 P.4 1915 1915 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 Maine Cts. Cts. 100 111 102 97 Cts. as. Dh. 3.55 3.49 3.40 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.18 3.67 3.40 3.50 3.12 3.03 3.24 2.95 2.88 2.65 Dls. 2.85 2.75 2. SO 4.00 2.30 2.95 2.31 2.45 2.49 2.60 2.35 2.61 2.83 2.38 2.75 9. 7,"; Dls. 1.45 1.40 1.50 1.00 1.05 1.25 .60 1.30 1.50 1.92 1.62 1.90 2.00 1.40 2.10 2.10 2.50 Bis, 1.87 1.88 2.50 1.72 1.55 1.90 1.45 1.97 2.30 1.00 1.75 2.40 2.50 2.39 2.42 2.45 2.97 as. 89 90 80 72 76 70 75 64 90 93 100 107 120 95 130 125 138 85 80 100 65 95 105 105 125 145 150 Cts. 115 139 125 150 122 142 122 110 110 125 95 110 120 92 150 145 190 125 140 150 109 130 130 150 165 170 160 160 Cts. Cts. as. 49 55 47 51 52 42 41 55 56 49 60 42 53 44 75 69 52 49 45 47 34 41 46 70 41 60 76 64 65 40 43 75 65 "85 70 49 62 98 48 110 95 55 92 56 54 80 60 51.1 as. 51 67 49 65 68 49 47 42 46 33 Dls. Dls. Dls. Dls. 1 75 New Hampshire. . . 14.8 9.8 2.67 1.82 2.65 2.75 1.26 1.49 .90 1.25 1.33 3 07 '' 50 Massachusetts 2.10 Rhode Island "f 10 Connecticut ■> 80 New York 12.1 16.0 13.3 100 """94 10 ■> 45 New Jersey 105 125 100 75 110 60 1 50 Pennsylvania 1 ?0 1 50 Maryland Virginia 16.0 14.7 105 117 85 110 79 85 80 86 150 75 85 8fi 43 55 43 75 100 62 65 48 70 37 63 50 90 52 47 84 81 60 54 55 76 80 55 75 .59 55 78 90 56 112 120 110 125 65 60 55 70 60.0 1.00 1.40 1.41 1.61 1.47 1 Of West Virginia 1 60 1 17 South Carolina 1.50 Georgia 1.50 Florida is.'o 14.0 ■"ids 130 130 123 135 2. 86 2. 70 78 80 Ohio 3.15 3.15 3.13 2.99 2.79 2.80 3.50 3.03 3.10 3.34 3.09 3.23 3.10 2.78 3.13 2.35 2.90 3.09 3.24 3.20 3.50 3.34 2.63 2.60 3.20 3.42 2.40 2.32 2.55 1.70 2.10 2.10 2.60 2.70 2.79 1. 70 2. 25 105 105 110 140 121 125 1.80 1.60 2.10 1.03 1..56 1.73 1.84 1.61 ? 35 1 56 Indiana 1.75 1.80 .90 2.40 2.60 1,80 1.67 85 135 1.90 Michigan 1 15 17.0 1.30; 1.70 2. 00!2. 75 2.OOI3.3O 2.40 3.00 3.05 3.25 1.75 1.90 15.0 17.6 138 90 iio 180 140 1.40 74 95 1 80 North Dakota 3 nn South Dakota 2.70 3.00:3.94 2.60' 2.0013.05 1.90 1 71 194 150 110 100 83 77 65 110 115 100 "'eo 40 79 145 1 70I1 60 2.80 2.57 2.65 2.50 2.40 3.05 130 2.00 2.671 110 ISOi 1.75i1-9S 18.9 17.2 150 115 120 110 146 150 150 175 160 140 195 215 150 215 100 98 80 71 62 105 110 95 1.28 1.44 1.62 2.17 1.50 2.26 2.00 1.54 3.08 2.05 2.24 1.96 1 50 2. 20 2. 78 1.90 2. .50 105 140 125 100 165 175 125 100 1S.S 1 67 Alabama 1.95 2. 40i3. 47 2.10 2.' 80 2.50 2.85 3.35 3.35 2.05 2.60 2.85 3.00 2. 602. 35 Texas 2.15 2.60 2.70 1.75 2.20 1.30 2.00 2.00 1.90 2.50 2.80 1.80 2.40 1.30 2.75 3.00 3.30 2.20 2.70 58 73 76 93 2.10 Oklahoma 2.90 Arkansas 1 ^15 2.38 2.25 1.70 85 63 52 65 80 1 89 2.55 3.00 2.35 3.00 2.60 2.60 2.35 1.50 2.07 170 165 155 168 2.66 Utah 125 130 125 100 100 85 97.6 190 210 145 180 160 150 2.24 Idaho 2.80 3.20 3.25 3.00 3.02 2.40 3.00 2.80 2.55 1.66 Washington 10 12 "is 22 19.1 California 105 85.0 167 86.1 11.6 11.1 1.78 United States 106.2 2.09 140.8 140.7 78.44 95.16 1.73 26 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 665. Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Concluded. Prices paid to producers, Feb. 15. Prices paid by producers, Feb. 15. State. Clover seed, per bushel. Timothy seed, per bushel. Alfalfa seed, per bushel. Clover seed, per bushel. Timothy seed, per bushel. Alfalfa seed, per bushel. Bran, per ton. Cotton- seed meal, per ton. 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 Me $12. 30 11.05 11.20 14.00 $11.50 12.25 11.00 83.80 3.85 4.2.'i 83.25 3.40 3.40 3.10 $31.70 30.70 30.80 30.70 30.60 31.00 30.30 31.20 30.20 34.70 30.30 30.30 31.20 32.30 33.20 32.30 34.30 30.40 29.10 27.20 30.00 27.10 27.50 27.00 27.00 25.80 26.50 25.00 24.10 28.60 29.40 31.10 32.00 31.40 30.60 27.10 28.50 27.70 27.00 27.80 31.50 42.00 27. 20 37. (iO 28.00 32.60 29.20 32.50 $29.30 29.20 28.10 29.50 28.50 28.80 27. 70 28. 50 28.10 29.80 28.80 28.50 29.80 31.80 31.30 30.80 31.30 28.40 27.50 26.40 27.70 25.10 23.30 25.30 25.80 20.80 22.70 23.60 24.40 28.90 29.60 30.50 30.20 28.60 29.60 26.90 28.00 22. 00 22.60 25.00 30.30 43.00 19.50 32.00 23.50 24.00 24.20 27.80 835.00 34.30 34.70 34.70 33.70 34.00 33.80 34.40 34.40 31.30 32.00 31.00 34.90 30.30 28.40 29.40 31.70 33.20 32.60 31.30 33.80 34.10 35.30 32.80 29.90 36.00 31.30 33.00 30.10 30.50 30.00 29.00 29.10 28.70 28.20 27.50 27.60 38.00 39.50 31.20 33.60 '38.66 41.40 33.60 27.00 835 30 N. H... $9.00 35 40 Vt 34 50 810.00 $2.75 I2.OOI 4.60 34.50 R. I 12.00 13.00 10.50 10.50 10.00 11.00 9.80 10.45 10.30 10.60 33 40 3.50 2.79 2.85 2.55 3.50 12.00 11.15 10.85 10.30 3.90 4.00 3.90 3.65 3.50 '3."56 3.90 3.40 3.75 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.82 3.15 3.05 3.20 3.60 34 00 N. Y... N. J.... Pa Del.... Md... 810. 20 "8." 94 8.50 9.50 ' 9." 66 10.00 $3.55 '3." 14 3.20 810.60 "'7.' 75 $8.70 "9."66 9.50 811.30 11.50 10.60 9.60 10.00 10.05 9.50 35.00 35. 40 34.40 35.00 33.50 Va W. Va. N. C 9.75 9.70 9.85 9.55 10.00 10.40 3.35 3.38 3.40 2.75 3.10 3.27 i6.*46 10.50 11.00 10.40 10.50 10.76 9.25 10.10 33.50 35.30 33 40 s. c 30.10 Ga 14.70 30. 30 Fla 32.90 Ohio... Ind.... Ill Mich... Wis.... Minn... Iowa. . . Mo N. Dak. S. Dak. Nebr... Kans... Ky Tenn... iVla 8.55 8.60 9.15 8.30 7.65 7.80 9.00 10.10 10.10 9.10 9.00 9.00 9.80 10.40 8.10 8.00 8.50 7.80 7.50 7.60 8.20 8.90 8.00 9.00 8.25 8.20 9.60 9.00 2.95 3.05 3.05 3.00 2.65 2.50 2.65 3.10 2.95 2.50 2.81 3.05 3.45 3.25 2.29 2.50 2.40 2.40 2.15 2.05 2.00 2.80 3.00 2.00 2.75 2.50 2.85 3.00 9.10 9.30 10.00 9.40 8.40 "'9.' 60 10.00 12.00 8.70 8.10 7.20 9.95 10.30 8.10 8.20 8.80 7.90 8.70 "7.'66 8.90 '8.' 66 6.70 5.60 9.30 9.50 9.65 9.75 10.30 10.00 8.75 9.70 9.75 10.80 12.10 12.00 10.50 10.50 10.60 11.30 9. is 9.10 9.50 9.15 8.65 9.40 9.40 9.80 ' '9.'25 10.00 9.80 10.10 10.20 12.80 3.50 3.70 3.60 3.70 3.25 3.10 3.10 3.60 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.75 3.60 3.80 2.80 3.00 2.70 3.00 2.60 2.70 2.30 3.40 2.75 4.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.80 10.45 10.50 10.80 10.50 10.20 12.00 11.00 10.70 12.10 11.00 9.70 7.V5 10.10 11.10 9.05 9.00 9.50 8.90 9.90 12.00 8.70 9.80 i6."56 7.00 6.35 9.20 9.50 11.75 34.00 34.60 30.90 34.50 34.00 33.50 32.70 31.00 28.50 33.00 33.60 32.10 32.50 32.30 31 00 30.50 La 30 00 Tex 7.20 6.50 10.00 10.00 7.10 7.45 8.00 6.90 5.05 7.30 6.60 9.60 9.20 10.80 10.20 9.50 9.60 10.00 7.90 8.10 10.20 '8.'i5 7.60 9.30 31.30 Okla. 8.00 ' '9.' 66 8.05 8.00 9.00 30 80 Ark.... Mont... Wyo... "'9." 40 11.65 '2.'25 "2."55 11.40 10.00 11.00 3.90 2.80 3.35 29.20 22.00 22.60 Colo 35.60 N. Mex. 36.20 Ariz 39.70 Utah... 3.10 2.58 7.50 7.30 8.00 9.50 3.90 8.40 7.50 9.90 12.20 '9.' 75 8.75 12.60 11.00 9.00 19.50 32.00 Idaho.. Wash.. 8.20 10.50 7.50 7.30 2.24 1.80 9.50 11.90 9.50 8.90 12.00 9.20 2.95 4.20 3.00 2.75 5.00 39.33 Greg. .. 7.45 2.60 9.90 7.80 7.50 7.00 36.30 ral 9.70 33.70 U.S.. 8.60 8.07 2.66 2.12 7.86 6.48 10.32 9.77 3.56 2.94 9.29 7.98 28.96 26.91 30.88 32.59 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 13. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. ct. February 15— March 15— January 15 - Produ 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1914 1913 1915 1914 1913 Hogs Beef cattle Veal calves Sheep Lambs Milch cows Horses .per 100 lbs.. do do.... do.... do.... ...per head.. do — per lb.. per doz.. per lb.. do.... do.... perbu.. do per lb.. per bu. . per lb.. per gal.. per bu.. do do.... do.... do.... .per 100 lbs. . per ton.. do.... do.... do.... perbu.. do do.... per ton.. perbu.. per ton.. per lb. . perbu.. do — do.... per ton. . al do $6.34 5.93 7.62 5.14 6.67 57.99 132. 00 .113 .237 .137 .110 .202 .85 1.24 .044 .73 .116 1.06 3.02 2.26 .85 .51 .98 1.41 14.28 13.36 9.32 7.86 8.60 2.66 7.86 78.00 1.78 23.33 .111 $7.75 6.16 7.90 4.67 6.18 59.09 139.00 .120 .253 .137 .114 .157 $7.17 5.55 7.23 4.63 6.34 51.42 146.00 .112 .213 .139 .123 .187 $5.79 4.61 6.07 4.01 5.15 43.40 137.00 $7.04 4.57 6.38 4.34 5.44 44.48 144.00 $7.80 6.28 7.92 4.77 6.31 59.23 138.00 .124 .222 .137 .111 .164 $7.62 5.88 7.49 4.97 6.56 54.02 146.00 .115 .170 .139 .119 .184 $6.57 5.99 7.66 4.95 6.47 58.48 130.00 .109 .317 .136 .111 .186 .82 1.19 .045 .69 $7.45 6.04 7.89 4.67 6.16 57.99 137.00 .115 .298 .136 .113 .157 .77 1.30 .047 1.11 $6.77 5.40 7.06 4.35 6.03 49.51 140.00 .107 Eggs Honey, comb Honey, extract.. Wool, imwashed .241 .140 .123 .163 .133 .118 .173 .139 .122 .186 .68 Hickory nuts... Peanuts Maple sugar Maple sirup Beans Beans, soy Sweet potatoes.. Turmps Onions Cabbages Timothy hay... Clover hay Alfalfa hay Prairie hay Clover seed Timothy seed... 1.13 .047 1.23 '"2." 69" 1.80 .86 .60 1.41 2.07 .045 .78 .122 1.06 2.19 .047 .99 .050 1.19 .047 1.29 .124 1.10 2.05 .047 .82 .126 1.06 2.10 .046 .74 2.38 2.23 2.63 2.35 .81 .49 .89 1.36 14.07 13.07 9.48 7.65 8.51 2.63 7.61 66.00 1.65 18.97 .146 2.17 1.96 .82 .57 1.21 1.87 2.26 .87 .51 .78 1.17 .94 .82 .87 .91 .84 .50 1.40 2.24 1.04 1.48 1.55 2.03 .77 1.03 .82 1.26 8.07 2.12 6.48 95.00 1.73 23.37 .191 10.28 1.78 8.15 56.00 1.54 22.01 .169 12.22 7.26 8.37 4.51 8.17 2.30 6.60 91.00 10.42 1.72 8.19 57.00 7.99 2.07 6.55 94.00 1.72 22.70 .266 9.41 1.79 7.66 Broom com Pop com Cottonseed Hops 86.00 80.00 49.00 1.47 16.81 .388 25.61 .178 23.60 .205 21.55 21.98 .197 Paid by farmers: 10.32 3.56 9.29 28.96 30.88 9.77 2.94 7.98 26.91 32.59 11.62 2.47 9.60 25.32 31.16 9.45 2.97 8.01 27.58 32.65 12.30 2.33 9.78 24.96 31.08 10.34 3.42 8.79 27.90 29.56 9.82 2.90 8.30 26.53 32.49 11.39 Timothy seed. 2.51 8.25 Bran Cottonseed me 28.62 30.87 25.27 31.42 25.24 30.97 Product. St larch 1- - Apr 11- Fe bruary 1— 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1914 1913 1915 1914 1913 Wheat Corn Oats Barley Rye Buckwheat Potatoes Flaxseed Hay Butter Eggs Chickens Cotton ..cts. per bu.- do do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... do.... dols. per ton. . ..cts. per lb., .cts. per doz.. ..cts. per lb.. do — 133.6 75.1 52.1 67.7 105.4 85.5 50.4 157.9 11.71 26.8 21.3 11.7 7.4 83.1 69.1 38.9 51.1 61.9 75.1 70.5 132.5 12.37 26.0 24.2 11.7 12.6 80.6 52.2 33.1 49.0 63.2 67.0 52.0 119.0 11.34 27.5 19.4 11.1 11.8 90.7 66.6 49.8 91.0 84.0 76.9 102.0 183.9 15.69 27.2 24.5 10.5 9.8 85.4 48.9 32.8 63.0 71.9 64.1 55.3 240.7 12.09 22.7 16.5 10.6 13.9 84.2 70.7 39.5 51.7 63.0 76.9 70.0 132.8 12.20 24.9 17.6 12.3 11.9 79.1 53.7 33.1 48.5 62.9 68.3 50.3 113.6 11.15 27.6 16.4 11.6 11.8 129.9 72.8 50.1 62.9 100.6 83.7 50.4 163.7 11.69 27.9 29.2 11.5 7.4 81.6 68.3 39.3 52.4 61.7 75.6 69.7 127.8 12.41 27.4 28.4 11.6 11.9 79.9 50.6 32.4 51.4 68.9 69.4 53.1 109.3 11.64 27.6 22.8 10.9 11.9 28 FARMERS BULLETIN 665. Table 14. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers: Statement for February, 1915. Product and market. Feb. 1, 1915. Jan., 1915. Dec., 1914. Jan., 1914. Jan., 1913. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis... No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter, New York i. Com per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2, mixed. New York i Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago.. Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- thy, Chicago Hops, per pound: Choice, New York Wool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. Best tub washed, St. Louis. . Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per pound: Creamery, extra, New York. . Creamery , extra, E Igin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh. New York Average best fresh, St. Louis. Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York $1.53J-$1.55i 1.54i- 1.58 1.64 - 1.68 .78- .78 .77^ .78 .87 - .88i . 58 - . 58J .59i- .60 1.27i- 1.28J 15.00 -16.00 81.27i-$1.62 1.261- 1.53 1.37i- 1.62 .69- .77 .68i- .77 .83 - .86J .49- .57i . 49 - . 58f 1.11^ 1.26J 15.00 -17.50 fl.l2*-$1.27J l.U^ 1.28i 1.24J- 1.351 .62- .68^ .624- -684 $0.93 -«0.994 .951- .98i 1.00 - 1.02 .24 - .33 - .25 .34 6.75 - 6.85 .33^ .33i .31i- .31^ .29 .26 .16J- .16J 6.40 - 7.20 .32- .36 .30- .34 .30- .44 .28i- .37i .15J- .16^ .46i- .50 . 46|- . 49f 1.07^ 1.12J 15.00-16.00 .23 - .28 .23 - .24 .31 - .32 6.90 - 7.50 .33 .32 .41 - .62 .27 - .35 .14^ .15 .63i- .60 - .71 - .38i- .371- .60 - .66 .77 .47^ .39 .62 13. 50 -17. 50 .45 - .48 .20 .28. .21i .28 7.75 - 8.60 .26- .37i .28 J- .35J 81 03 -$1. 155 1.07§- l.lf 1.07 - 1.11 .45 - .51 . 46i- . 50i . 54|- . 57f .33 - .35 .32 - .33.J .62 - .65A 13.00 -19.00 .26 - .32 .24 - .24 .37- .37 7.25 - 7.65 .33i .32' .34 - .27 - .16J- .171 . 27 - .40 .21 - .25 .16J- .m 1 F. o. b. afloat. 2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August . Table 15. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers: Statement for March, 1915. Product and market. Mar. 1, 1915. Feb., 1915. Jan., 1915. Feb., 1914. Feb., 1913. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis . . No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter. New York i. Com per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago No. 2 mLxed, New York • Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- thy, Chicago Hops, per pound: Choice, New York Wool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. Best tub washed, St. Louis.. Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, Chicago Butter per pound: Creamery, extra, New York. . Creamery, extra, Elgin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh , New York Average best fresh, St. Louis Cheese per poimd: Colored,^ New York $1. 47 -81. 48 1.47 - 1.50i L58 - L63 . 70 - . 70J . 70 - .72 . 77 - .79 . 56 - .59 . 53 - .56 1. 16 - 1. 17 15.00-16.00 SI. 45 -81. 64 1.45J- 1.68 1. 58 - 1. 80 .68^ .75i- .55 - .53 - L15 .60 .60 1.31 SI. 27i-81. 52 1. 26i- 1. 53 L37i- 1.62 .77 .77 .86i .68J- .83 - .49 15. 00 -16. 00 .57J .581 1. llj- 1. 26J 15. 00 -17. 50 . 28 - .29 .31 - .31§ 6. 60 - 6. 75 . 23 - . 23J .29 - .29 . 40 - .40 .18|- .18| .16J- .17 . 24 - .29 . 30 - .35 6.35 - 7.00 . 24 - .30 . 29 - .32 . 33 - .40 . 20 - .28 .16i- .17J . 23 - .25 . 31 - .34 6. 40 - 7. 20 .32 .30 .36 .34 . 30 - .44 .28i- .37i .15§- .16i 80.91 -80.95J .93J- .97} 1. 01 - 1. 05J . 64 - . 66i . 61 - . 63J . 68 - . 70i .39J- .43 .38J- .39i .60J- .64 15. 00 -16. 00 . 43 - .46 . 21 - .22 .28 - .28 8. 20 - 8. 90 .26i- .32 .26i- .30 . 29 - .40 .24J- .28 .16}- .17i 81. 00 -81. 13 1. 02 - 1. 12 1.09i- L11.V .4VJ- .49 - .56 - .33 - .32}- .58 - .504 .5H .581 .35 .34i .65 13. 00 -15. 00 . 25 - .28 .24 .35 .24 .37 7. 75 - 8. 60 .35 - .33 - .24 - . 17.V- .38 .35 .32 .23 .161- -17^ 1 F. o. b. afloat. 2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August. o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FARMERS' BULLETIN Washington, D. C. 672 April 23, 1916. Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. CONTENTS. Winter wheat and rye, April 1 , 1915 1 United States beet-sugar crop, 1914 3 Louisiana sugar crop of 1914 4 The sugar supply 5 Approximate commercial apple crop of 1914.. 6 Florida and California crops 7 Trend of prices of farm products 7 The world wheat acreage in 1915 7 Average sowings per acre in Europe and America 9 Wagon hauls for farm products 11 Concentrating and storage-in-transit arrange- ments in transporting farm products 15 Live-stock losses and condition 16 Apples in cold storage April 1, 1915, and progress of movement 19 Condition and price of winter wheat and rye (table) 21 Prices of farm products (tables) 22 TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF MAY CROP REPORT. A summary of the May crop report of the Bureau of Crop Estimates will be issued on Friday, May 7, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time). The report will give an estimate of the acreage of winter wheat remaining on May 1 to be harvested ; the condition on May 1 of winter wheat, rye, meadow mowing lands, and pastures; farm supplies of hay on May 1; the per cent done on May 1 of the total spring plowing contemplated, and the per cent of spring planting done on May 1, 1915, with comparisons. WINTER WHEAT AND RYE. CONDITION AND PRICE APRIL 1, 1915. The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents : The average condition of winter wheat on April 1 was 88.8 per cent of a normal, against 95.6 on AprU 1, 1914, 91.6 on April 1, 1913, and 87.6, the average condition for the past 10 years on April 1, There was an increase in condition from December 1, 1914, to April 1, 1915, of 0.5 point, as compared with an average decline in the 89952°— BuU. 672—15 1 2 FARMERS BULLETIN 672. past 10 years of 2.7 points between these dates. The acreage planted, as estimated last December, was 11.1 per cent larger than the acreage planted in the preceding year. The average condition of rye on April 1 was 89.5 per cent of a normal, against 91.3 on April 1, 1914, 89.3 on April 1, 1913, and 90.1," the average condition for the past 10 years on April 1. Comparisons for winter wheat and rye States are shown in Table 10, page 21. FORECAST OF WINTER- WHEAT PRODUCTION. The par, or 100 per cent normal, condition of wheat on April 1 may be regarded as equivalent to approximately 16.9 bushels per acre planted; hence a condition of 88.8 would indicate 15 bushels, which, on the 41,263,000 acres planted, would give a total production of 619,000,000 bushels, as compared with a final estimate of "684,990,000 last year, 523,561,000 two years ago, 399,919,000 three years ago, and 430,656,000 four years ago. In forecasting this quantity of 619,000,000 bushels, it should be considered as the amount of which the probability is about equal that the outturn will be above or below it; the crop will be larger or smaller than this amount according as the changes in condition from now to harvest are better or worse than average changes from April 1 to harvest. WEATHER IN GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. In a general way, the wheat crop suffered more than the average in the Atlantic Coast States as a result of a cold, dry, windy March, without adequate snow covering; in the Central States east of the Mississippi River, the crop declined slightly during the winter, but not more than usual; reports of prevalence of Hessian fly are made from many places in this section, which gives some apprehension. Great improvement in the condition was made in the western part of the grain belt, namely, in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma, which caused a general average condition on April 1 slightly higher than on December 1, although the average of the past 10 years on April 1 was 2.7 points lower than on December 1. In the Pacific Northwest large yields aref anticipated. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. UNITED STATES BEET-SUGAR CROP, 1914. 3 Details of the 1914-15 beet-sugar campaign and the three earlier ones are shown in Table 1. Table 1. — Siigar-beet and beet-sugar production in the United States, 1911-1914. (.Figures for 1914 are subject to slight revision.] Fac- tories in oper- ation. Aver- age length cam- paign. Sugar made (chiefly refined). Beets used lor sugar. Analysis of beets. Average extraction of sugar. State, and year of beet harvest. Area. Aver- age yield per acre. Produc- tion. Aver- age price per ton. Per- cent- age of su- crose.i Pu- rity coeffi- cient.2 Per- cent- age of beets. Per short ton of beets. California: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Colorado- 1914 1913 1912 1911 Idaho: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Michigan: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Ohio: 1914 1913 1912 Utah: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Wisconsin: 1914* No. 10 12 11 10 13 14 17 14 4 4 4 3 15 15 16 17 3 6 5 7 7 6 6 Days. 97 99 90 98 96 96 91 63 78 77 64 91 68 82 74 122 56 80 91 100 90 97 96 Tom.3 169,004 171,208 158,904 161,300 220,799 229,274 216,010 124,800 39,613 29,620 24,761 26,730 110,630 122,424 95,049 125,500 21,425 28,687 28,503 78,619 67,231 69, 5n 67,280 Acres. 104,000 127,610 111,416 99,545 135,400 168,410 144,999 86,437 25,300 22,497 19,952 17,052 101,300 107,965 124,241 145,837 17,800 30,601 27,062 41,300 39.472 37; 000 33,950 Tom.3 10.4 8.92 9.01 10.42 12.6 10.93 11.32 11.07 10.5 9.90 8.56 12.11 8.6 8.85 6.76 9.90 10.4 7.84 9.72 13.7 12.21 12.03 13.08 Tom.s 1,082,000 1,138,003 1,004,328 1,037,283 1,706,300 1,840,663 1,641,861 957, 142 264,400 222,612 170,619 206,367 867,100 955,242 838,784 1,443,856 184,700 240,436 263,005 564,600 481,863 446, 130 442,310 Dolls. 5.68 6.10 6.46 5.64 5.68 5.67 5.96 6.56 4.96 4.99 6.18 5.02 5.23 6.93 5.69 6.74 6.01 5.34 5.31 4.79 4.81 4.90 4.81 P.ct. 18.46 18.04 18.79 18.95 15.36 14.92 16.19 16.44 17.78 16.24 17.37 16.65 15.78 15.82 14.72 14.59 14.60 14.46 13.95 17.03 15.07 16.37 15.98 P.ct. 82.70 86.26 83.99 82.04 84.22 84.01 84.81 81.22 87.74 86.35 88.01 88.26 82.85 82.61 83.75 80.00 83.82 82.95 81.36 85.60 83.86 86.29 86.10 P.ct. 15.62 15.05 15.82 15.65 12.94 12.46 13.16 13.04 14.98 13.31 14.61 12.96 12.91 12.82 11.33 8.69 11.60 11.93 10.84 13.92 12.08 13.38 12.95 Lbs. 312 301 316 311 259 249 263 261 300 266 290 259 258 256 227 174 232 239 217 278 242 168 269 1913 1912 1911 Other States: & 1914 1913 1912 19116 4 4 4 8 10 10 12 67 91 106 76 68 78 83 12,653 23,260 23,640 81,964 82,404 86,498 80,250 11,800 20,172 23,241 58,300 71,591 70,458 67,815 9.66 10.27 11.02 10.8 9.31 9.28 10.61 114,000 207,086 266,124 629,600 666,664 653,665 719,261 6.80 6.84 6.61 6.67 6.66 5.82 5.48 14.10 15.10 14.23 15.80 14.99 16.37 16.16 '84."3i' 81.00 83.35 81.89 83.89 84.51 11.01 11.23 9.23 13.02 12.36 13.23 11.16 220 225 185 260 247 265 223 United States: 1914 1913 1912 1911 60 71 73 66 85 85 86 94 722,054 733,401 692,656 599,600 483,400 580,006 655,300 473,877 10.9 9.76 9.41 10.68 6,288,500 6,659,462 6,224,377 5,062,333 6.45 6.69 6.82 5.50 16.38 16.7': 16. 31 15.88 83.89 83.22 '84.49 82.21 13.66 12.96 13.26 11.84 273 269 265 237 1 Based upon weight of beets. 2 Percentage of sucrose (pure sugar) in the total soluble solids of the beets. 3 Short tons (2,000 pounds). * Included with " Other States, " as only 1 factory operated. 5 The 8 factories in "Other States" in 1914 were located as follows: Indiana, 1; Illinois, 1; Wisconsin, 1; Minnesota, 1; Nebraska, 2; Kansas, 1; and Montana, 1. 6 Including Ohio in 1911. A rich sugar content of beets and a high percentage of extraction helped to make a good crop of beet sugar in the United States in the campaign beginning in 1914. The production amounted to 722,054 short tons, or about 11,000 tons less than in 1913. The area har- 4 FAEMEES BULLETIN 672. vested in 1914 amounted to 483,400 acres, or nearly 100,000 acres less than the year before. A favorable growing season, however, resulted in an average yield per acre of nearly 11 tons, the largest since 1906 and the second largest during the 14 years covered by this department's beet-sugar reports. The average price, in spite of the lower basis for payment, reached $5.45 per ton, which was 24 cents less than the average for the preceding year. Another noteworthy feature in the campaign beginning in 1914 was the smaller difference between the actual sugar in the beets and the actual amount extracted than in former years. In 1914 the beets averaged in content 16.38 per cent sugar, while the actual sugar made was equal to 13.65 per cent of the beets, thus leaving 2.73 per cent of the beets as representing the sugar left in pulp and in other by-products. In 1913 this nonextracted sugar was equal to 2.82 per cent of the beets and in every other preceding year the figure exceeded 3 per cent. LOUISIANA SUGAR CROP OF 1914. Table 2. — Cane-sugar production of Louisiana, 1911-1914. Parish where sugar was made, and year. Ascension: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Assumption: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Iberia: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Iberville: 1914 1913 1912 1911..;.. Lafourche: 1914 1913 1912 1911 St. James: 1914 1913 1912 1911 St. John: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Fac- tories oper- ating. Num- ber. 3 4 7 7 17 17 16 23 7 10 9 13 15 14 11 IS 13 13 9 16 16 17 10 20 Sugar made. Quan- tity. Short tons. 5,800 10,808 8,342 14,496 22,500 28,664 14,457 35,950 8,000 15,925 10,999 29,949 18,900 19, 187 7,942 23,759 34,300 35,021 11,728 42,001 16,900 19,970 9,368 20,760 13,900 13, 596 11,289 14,935 Av- per short ton of cane. Lbs. 138 133 134 124 136 124 119 107 165 156 156 129 134 122 112 153 131 122 119 131 122 97 115 134 115 140 108 Cane used for sugai'. Short tons. 84,000 163,000 124,934 234, 719 331,000 462,000 243, 864 673,263 97,000 204,000 140, 932 464,491 283,000 315,000 141,581 481,545 447,000 535,000 191,714 707,704 258, 000 327,000 192, 537 361,537 207,000 236, 000 161, 790 275,536 Parish where sugar was made, and year. St. Martin: 1914 1913 1912 1911 St. Mary: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Terrebonne: 1914 1913 1912 1911 West Baton Rouge 1914 1913 1912 1911 , Lafayette and Ver milion: 1914 1913 1912 , 1911 , other parishes: i 1914 , 1913 1912 , 1911 , Total Louisiana: 1914 1913 1912 1911 Fac- Sugar made. Av- tories erage oper- Quan- per ating. tity. short ton of cane. Num- Short ber. tons. Lbs. 3 5,000 179 3 8,114 157 3 5,382 173 4 13,719 139 20 38,000 176 22 54, 689 165 15 25,597 176 26 57,602 133 13 23,900 162 13 24, 631 140 14 14, 463 150 14 27,462 124 11 16,300 152 10 15,305 136 10 9,328 147 10 17,235 110 6 14,900 183 6 23, 104 168 6 14,547 177 5 23,480 140 17 24,300 146 16 23, 684 134 11 10, 131 158 24 31,526 119 149 242, 700 152 153 292,698 139 126 153,573 142 188 352,874 120 Cane used for sugar. Short tons. 56,000 103,000 62, 165 197, 614 431,000 663,000 291,387 866,744 295,000 352, 000 191,984 442,218 214,000 225,000 127, 196 314,472 163,000 276,000 164, 580 336, 427 333,000 353,000 127,910 530,962 3,199,000 4,214,000 2,162,574 5,887,292 1 Avoyelles, Rapides, St. Landry, East Baton Rouge, Pointe Coupee, West Feliciana, Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, and St. Charles. Note. — The average yield per acre of cane used for sugar in Louisiana was 15 short tons in 1914; 17 in 1913; 11 in 1912; and 19 tons in 1911. One short ton equals 2,000 pounds. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 The sugar crop of Louisiana for the season just closed amounted to 242,700 short tons, or practically 50,000 less than in 1913. The yield per acre of the cane used for this sugar was 15 tons in 1914, or- 2 tons less than in 1913. More sugar, however, was obtained per ton of cane in 1914 than m the preceding year, and in fact more than in any other of the four years for which this department has made report. The 1914 season was one of a hght tonnage of cane per acre and comparatively large sugar content. About one-half of the 1914 output of Louisiana sugar consisted of grades above 96° polarization and ready for immediate sale to the trade. In 1912 and 1913 only one-thii-d of the total output consisted of grades above 96°. Details of the campaigns of 1914 and three preceding years are shown in Table 2, which is based upon reports for all operating factories. (See p. 4.) THE SUGAR SUPPLY. By Frank Andrews, Chief of Division of Crop Records. PRODUCTION IN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES. Favorable crop conditions resulted in a total production in the United States (excluding Texas) of practically 965,000 short tons of sugar in 1914. The production in 1913 on a much larger acreage amounted to 1,025,000 short tons. Four years ago, in the campaign beginning in 1910, the production amounted to 853,000 tons; in 1905 it was 689,000, and in 1901, 545,000 tons. Texas produced in 1909, according to the census, nearly 8,000 tons, and the production in 1914 was probably much less. IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS. From three-fourths to four-fifths of the sugar used in the United States is brought from foreign countries and the insular possessions. The net receipts from these sources during the calendar year 1914 amounted to 3,419,000 short tons; in the preceding year, 3,253,000; in 1912, 3,030,000; and in 1911, 2,934,000 short tons. Shipments out of the United States are generally small, rarely above 50,000 tons a year. In the calendar year 1914, however, over 208,000 tons were shipped to foreign countries and about 8,000 to Hawaii and Porto Rico. Imports of foreign sugar were large in 1914, amounting to 2,535,000 tons as against 2,337,000 in 1913, 2,017,000 in 1912, and 1,866,000 in 1911. Receipts from Hawaii in the calendar year 1914 were 605,000 tons, an increase of practically 67,000 over the preceding year; receipts from Porto Rico amounted to 321,000, or 54,000 less than in 1913; while imports from the Philippine Islands reached 174,000 tons, which was 130,000 over the abnormally low figure of 1913 and 33,000 above 1912. The Hawaiian crop, aH but a small fraction of which comes to this country, reached 612,000 short tons during the year 6 FAEMEBS' BULLETIN 672. ending September 30, 1914. This was an increase of more than 65,000 tons over the preceding year, and was the largest on record. Details concerning this crop are given in Farmers' Bulletin 665, pages 5 and 6. All but a relatively small part of the foreign sugar brought to this country comes from Cuba. The present campaign in Cuba, which is about half over (April 1), promises a somewhat lower yield than a year ago, according to unofl&cial reports. SUGAR PRICES. Prices March 25, 1915, showed granulated sugar at New York 5.8 cents per pound, as compared with 3.8 a year ago, 4.2 about the same date 1913, and 5.3 about the end of March, 1912. The price of raw sugar of 96 degrees polarization had reached 4.95 cents per pound by March 25, 1915, which was exactly 2 cents above the quotation of one year ago, and 0.59 of 1 cent over the price March 28, 1912. EUROPEAN BEET-SUGAR IN 1914. The International Institute of Agriculture, reporting for the 1914 beet-sugar campaign up to the end of December, gives the following figures for the production of 1914 expressed as percentages of the 1913 crop: Austria 100.5, Hungary 86.0, Netherlands 128.0, Rou- mania 111.3, Sweden 107.3, and Switzerland 116.5. The large pro- ducing countries — Germany, France, and Russia — it wiU be noted, as well as Denmark, Belgium, and Italy, are not included in this report. Austria and Hungary together, however, produce normally about 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 short tons, about four-fifths of which is made in Austria. APPROXIMATE COMMERCIAL APPLE CROP, 1914. Table 3. — Apple crops of 1913 and 1914: Percentage shipped out of counties where grown. [Figures for 1913 were based upoB reports from the State aids; for 1914 from reports of the field agents and township correspondents. Bulls shipments, as well as barrel and box shipments, are included.] Geographic division. From crop of- 1913 1914 New England Middle Atlantic South Atlantic North Central east of Mississippi River. North Central west of Mississippi River South Central east of Mississippi River. South Central west of Mississippi River. Rocky Mountain Pacific United States Per cent. 47 53 32 36 20 8 34 61 55 Per cent. 44 42 33 21 21 16 39 45 52 38 Shipments out of counties are estimated to equal about 59,600,000 bushels from the 1913 crop and 98,400,000 bushels from the 1914 crop. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROPS. The condition on April 1, with comparisons, of the principal crops in Florida and Cahfornia, on the basis of 100 representing a normal, is shown in Table 4. Table 4. — Florida and California crop reports. Florida. California. Item. Apr. 1— Mar. 1, 1915. Apr. 1— Mar. 1, 1915 1914 1913 1915 1914 1913 1915. Orange trees 90 102 95 92 98 99 98 94 98 97 Lemon trees Lime trees 90 92 90 83 85 84 75 90 74 79 100 101 80 85 82 90 87 82 80 92 100 97 92 88 79 90 95 92 87 95 90 93 86 Grapefruit trees Pineapples Peaches Pears Strawberries Pasture 82 85 65 89 Cabbages Tomatoes White potatoes Celerv 198 96 196 94 192 94 91 Cauliflower ::::::::..:::::■" 94 1 Production compared with a full crop. TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the principal crops increased about 0.2 per cent during March; iix the past seven years the price level has increased during March 1.6 per cent. On April 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 7.5 per cent higher than a year ago, 27 per cent higher than two years ago, and 10.5 per cent higher than the average of the past seven years on April 1. The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat animals on March 15 was the same as on February 15. This com- pares with an average increase from February 15 to March 15 in the past five years of 3.7 per cent. On March 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.46 per 100 pounds, which com- pares with $7.37 a year ago, $7.08 two years ago, $5.69 three years ago, $6.09 four years ago, and $7.39 five years ago on March 15. A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 11 to 13, THE WORLD WHEAT ACREAGE IN 1915. By Charles M. Daugherty. MOVEMENT TO INCREASE WINTER-WHEAT PRODUCTION. Rapidly advancing prices, excited markets, and enormous trans- actions in wheat during the past seven months in most countries, vague apprehensions of the eventual exhaustion of supplies in others, 8 farmers' bulletin 672. and a subconscious realization of the calamitous consequences that might result from any material shortage in the world crop in 1915 have, with other causes, given great impetus to an almost universal movement to expand the acreage seeded for the approaching harvest. The effects of that impetus are now to some extent apparent. Sowings of winter wheat in the Northern Hemisphere have, in so far as known, been pretty generally on an extensive scale, excepting in some of the European countries involved in war. In the United States, British India, and Canada the area sown last autumn was increased by about 8,500,000 acres over that of the year before; there was also some expansion in the neutral comitries of southwestern Europe; but to what extent these increases may have been counter- acted, or amiulled, by the contraction of autumn seedings in northern and eastern Europe, due to the scarcity of rural labor and animal power and to the occupation of farm land by military forces, is not yet determinable. * REDUCTION IN COUNTRIES AT WAR. The aggregate acreage ordinarily sown to winter wheat in the con- tending countries of Europe is about 55,000,000 acres. A reduction in that acreage of over 15 per cent would be necessary to offset the 8,500,000 acres increase m the aggregate sowings of the three export- ing countries mentioned above. That there has been a reduction is generally admitted. Doubt arises oiJy as to its extent. The area under wheat in the British Isles is officially estimated as larger than in 1914; the Russian acreage is a little less extensive than last year. Belgium is not an important wheat producer and Germany's acreage, usually only about 5,000,000 acres, is, it is claimed, a large one. It is therefore apparent that whatever contraction there may have been in the winter-wheat acreage of the countries at war has occiu"red for the most part in France, Austria-Hungary, and Serbia. Their aggregate wmter-wheat area in time of peace is normally about 29,000,000 acres. SPRING-WHEAT ACREAGE. In view of these and other facts, it seems logical that, weather and labor conditions favoring, there would be a heavy extension this season in the sowing of spring wheat. Of the approximately 240,- 000,000 acres of wheat in the world, between 85,000,000 and 90,000,000 are of this variety. Practically the entire crop is the product of three countries — Russia (including Asiatic), the United States, and Canada. Russia in the best years sows about 60,000,000 acres, the United States 20,000,000 acres (last year 17,533,000), and Canada 10,000,000 acres (9,320,000 in 1914). Though the next most important producing coimtries are France and Germany, their combined acreage in average years is less than a mOlion acres. In other European countries than those mentioned spring-wheat culture is ordinarily THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 on such a small scale as to be almost negligible. The cultivation of this variety" is not popular either in the States of central or western Europe. Even in France and Germany increases above the normal area are usually due to the failure of winter wheat in localities. LARGE INCREASE OP SPRING- WHEAT ACREAGE IN 1915 NOT INDICATED. Though no definite figures upon the extent sown in the different countries this spring have yet been published, present indications do not point to the heavy increase in the world's acreage that was at one time anticipated. Owing to the prolonged closing of the Dardanelles and most other routes of export, the surplus wheat still remaining in Russia from the last harvest is believed to be very heavy. The depressing effect of this unexported surplus upon the Russian markets, together with the strained labor situation and other abnormal economic conditions incident to the war, seem to be having a restraining influence upon seeding operations; late com- mercial reports suggest a probable reduction in the Russian spring- wheat area of 10 to 15 per cent. Should this expectation be realized, it wUl go far toward neutralizing the heavy increase in sowings expected in all other spring-wheat countries combined, and leave the world's acreage little, if any, larger than that of last year. AVERAGE SOWINGS PER ACRE IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. By Charles M. Daugherty. EUROPEAN SOWINGS ARE LARGER. In most, and probably in all, European countries it is quite the general custom to sow, on an average, a larger quantity of wheat and other cereals per acre than is sown either in the United States or in other countries of the Western Hemisphere. What amount to sow per unit of surface in order to produce the best results is in all coun- tries a mooted question. Variations in an agricultural usage of this kind can not, of course, be rigidly outlined by State boundaries. They arise, rather, from differences in climate and character of soil, from extensive or intensive systems of farming, from diverse economic causes, and even from precedent, local tradition, etc. Political bound- aries alone rarely differentiate the agricultural methods and cus- toms of neighboring peoples. In the quantity of seed sown per acre, however, there is an appre- ciable difference between the customs of western, central, and eastern Europe — a more striking one still between those of the Continent of Europe, as a whole, and of the countries of America. In Great Britain, though the quantity of wheat seeded per acre varies in different localities with the quality of the soil, weather con- 89952°— Bull. 612—15 2 10 PARMEES' BULLETIN 672. ditions at seed time, tillering habits of varieties grown, methods of sowing, and features of cultivation, farmers drill on an average about 2 bushels per acre of winter wheat and 3 of spring. Years ago, when broadcasting was more common, the general average for winter wheat was as much as 2§ bushels. Seedings in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands are, for the most part, on a like liberal scale, the winter variety being sown at the average rate of 2 bushels per acre and over, and the spring somewhat more heavily. The tendency in the warmer latitudes of Italy and Spain is to plant less thickly, the general average in the former being 1.9 bushels and 2 bushels in the latter. Wheat farming in the prmcipal producing countries of central and eastern Europe, though yields per acre are in general smaller than in the northwestern part of that Continent, is also characterized by gen- erous seedings. In Austria, Roumania, and Bulgaria the average rate per acre is probably greater than in any other European country, and amounts, for winter wheat — practically the only variety raised— to upward of 2.5 bushels; the average in Himgary is 2.2 bushels per acre. Great local variations in the quantity sown naturally occur in a country where conditions of climate and soil are so diversified as in European Russia. The average per acre for the entire country, how- ever, is officially given as a trifle less than 2 bushels for winter wheat and 1.6 bushels for spring. An unusual feature of Russian seeding is that a smaller quantity of spring wheat is sown per unit of surface than of the winter variety; in most countries of Europe the opposite is true. IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE. From various and not always obvious reasons farmers in the West- ern Hemisphere seed less abundantly. In the United States, ac- cording to an estimate of the Department of Agriculture, the bulk of the wheat sowings in 1912 ranged, by States, between 1.25 and 1.75 bushels per acre, the general average of the entire Republic bemg only 1.38 bushels. The average per acre in Canada, doubtless due partly to the fact that the bulk of the crop is spring wheat, is heavier, and, taking one year with another, amounts to about 1.6 bushels. In the Argentine Repubhc and in Uruguay very moderate seeding is the practice, the average in each country being, respectively, about 1.2 and 1 bushel per acre. The standard in Chile presents a rather re- markable exception to that of the neighboring Republics, grain being sown at a rate per acre similar to that adopted in European countries. BUSHELS SOWN PER ACRE IN MANY COUNTRIES. The following statement, from official sources, shows the average quantity of wheat, rye, barley, and oats sown per acre in various THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 nations. The figures do not represent the average sowmgs for a uni- form series of years in each country, but are designed to represent the situation, in so far 'as figures are available. Table 5. — Average quantity of wheat, rye, barley, and oats sown per acre in under- mentioned countries. [Bushels: Wheat, 60; rye, 56; barley, 48; and oats, 32 pounds.] Countries. Wheat sown. Rye sown. Barley sown. Oats sown. EUROPE. Bu.per acre. 2.00 2.33 2.10 1.86 2.00 f 1 2. 29 \ 2 2. 45 2.26 2.97 f 12.53 \ 2 2. 74 2.20 2.53 / 13.21 \ a 2. 38 / 11.97 \ a 1. 67 1.38 1.62 1.19 2.50 .97 .97 2.00 .88 2.76 Bu.per acre. 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.23 1.91 1 2.28 2.82 2.71 } 2.71 2.15 2.63 13.06 33.03 12.17 8 2.05 1.44 1.50 Bu.per acre. 2.60 2.92 2.50 1.86 2.60 2.71 1.75 1.70 2.79 2.66 2.79 13.44 8 2.60 V 2.34 1.84 2.00 .74 3.16 Bu. per acre. 4.07 5.25 2.34 Italy . 3.35 2.37 Belgium Netherlands 4.26 2.87 Switzerland Austria 4.74 4.46 3.32 3.35 ^ 4.10 4.50 AMERICA. United States 2.37 2.69 «1.11 Chile «4.23 1.87 OTHER. .87 1.30 3.00 1.18 2.59 2.03 3.00 1.05 1 Winter. 2 Spring. 3 Average, 1908-1912. * Average, 1908-9 to 1912-13. WAGON HAULS FOR FARM PRODUCTS. By Frank Andrews, Chief of Division of Crop Records. AVERAGE DISTANCE AND TRIPS PER DAY. An inquiry just completed by the Bureau of Crop Estimates shows an average distance from market of 6.5 miles for the farms of the United States, while those farthest away from market (excluding of course the rarer instances) average 8.7 miles. The number of round trips per day averages for all farms 2.1, and for the more remote farms 1.6 trips; in other words, it requires about one-half a day for the average farmer to make a round trip with wagon from farm to market and back, and averages nearly two-thirds of a day for the farmers who are farthest from market. The averages and the details shown in Table 6 are based upon reports from township and county correspondents and traveling field agents of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. 12 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 672. COMPARISON OF CORN, WHEAT, AND COTTON. In comparing the figures for individual States it will be noted tliat the longer hauls are generally in the cottorf States and in the Rocky Mountain region. It will be noted also that the smaller loads are in the cotton States. The average size of a wagonload of cotton in the United States is 3 bales, or about 1,500 pounds, while the average wagonload of wheat is 53.5 bushels, or 3,200 pounds. In the cotton country loads of corn and wheat are much smaller than in other parts of the United States, possibly due to the fact that the principal product hauled influences greatly the size of load for other products in the same region. It is interesting to note that while the size of the cotton load is much smaller than that of the corn load, the value of the former is very much greater; the average value of a load of cotton, based on farm prices December 1, 1913, was $183; for wheat, $43; and for corn, $28. The higher the price of a given product the smaller is the load which the farmer can afford to haul. Also the more valuable the product the longer is the haul which can be profitably made. WAGON HAULS SHORTER THAN NINE YEARS AGO. In 1906 the Bureau of Crop Estimates (then the Bureau of Sta- tistics) of the Department of Agriculture made an inquiry through county correspondents as to wagon hauls for farm products (see Bulletin 49, Bureau of Statistics). The figures for 1906 are not strictly comparable with those for 1915, but it is evident that wagon hauls are shorter than they were nine years ago. In 1906 the average haul from farm to shipping point was, for wheat, 9.4 miles; corn, 7.4; oats, 7.3; potatoes, 8.2; and cotton, 11.8 miles; each of these staple crops was hauled a longer distance in 1906 than the general average haul in 1915 (6.5 miles). It is noted also that the average number of round trips per day for all farm-to-market hauls was 2.1 in 1915. In 1906 the average number of round trips per day for hauling wheat was 1.2; for corn, 1.7; and for cotton, 1.0. Raiboad building during the past nine years has brought some farms nearer to shipping points and markets, and has helped to shorten the average distance hauled and to increase the average number of trips per day. During the seven years following 1906 more than 32,000 miles of new railroad were built, and several thou- sand more miles have been added since 1913, so that there are at least 15 per cent more miles of steam railroads in the United States now than in 1906. In addition to this new mileage of steam railroads, the hauls of some farmers have no doubt been shortened by new freight-carrying electric raih'oads. THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 TIME REQUIRED. The number of days required to haul from farms the marketed portion of the corn, wheat, and cotton crops is estimated in Table 6. It would require about 6,358,000 days for one wagon, or about 6,358,- 000 wagons for one day, to haul from farms the marketed portion of an average corn crop; the corresponding figure for wheat is about 6,857,000, and for cotton 2,532,000. COST OF WAGON HAULING. The time required is an element in the cost of producing and marketing crops. From the farmer's point of view it is an element of cost of production. The cost of hauling was not estimated for 1915. A simple schedule of inquiry was desired in order to obtain a large number of returns for the most important items related to hauling, and extra questions weaken an mvestigation by reducing the number of replies. However, in 1906 the estimated cost of hauling per day for each wagon averaged: For wheat, $3.60; corn, $3; and cotton, $2.80. Wages of farm labor are higher in 1915 than in 1909. No figures for wages are available for 1906. Prices of feed in the winter of 1914-15 were much higher than in 1906-7. Farm prices, on December 1, for hay averaged for the United States $10.37 per ton in 1906 and $11.12 in 1914; corn, 39.9 cents per bushel in 1906 and 63.7 in 1914; and oats, 31.7 and 43.8 cents per bushel for the respective dates. The farm value of horses on January 1 averaged $93.51 per head m 1907 and $103.33 in 1915. These increases indi- cate a considerable rise in the average cost per day to the farmer of hauling his products. This higher cost per day is offset partly or wholly by the larger quantities hauled per day in 1915 compared with 1906. For instance, in 1906 an average day's haul of wheat was 1.2 loads of 55 bushels each, or a total of 56.1 bushels per day; in 1915 a day's haul aver- ages 2.1 loads of 53.5 bushels each, or a total of 112.4 bushels per day. Similar increases occurred in regard to corn and cotton. An average day's haul of cotton moved about 1,700 pounds m 1906 and about 3,000 pounds in 1915. Figures for average loads of corn in 1915 are not comparable with those for 1906. The improvement of wagon roads during the past nine years has probably helped to in- crease the average quantity of farm products moved by a day's wagon haul. 14 PARMERS BULLETIN 6*72. Table 6. — Hauling crops from farms: Distance, time, and size of load. [These figures refer to wagon hauls from farms to all points at which products are delivered by fanners.] State. Aver- age for all farms, 1915. Average for the more remote farms, 1915. Avera] e size of wagon oad, 1915. Estimated time spent in hauling from farms in an average year.i Dis- tance to market one way. Dis- tance to market one way. Round trips per day. Com (un- shel- led). Wheat Cotton (gin- ned). Corn. Wheat. Cotton. Maine Miles. 5.5 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.0 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.6 4.6 6.0 7.8 7.0 7.5 0.0 6.9 7.0 4.0 4.3 4.1 5.3 5.3 5.5 4.6 6.5 7.0 8.0 7.0 5.8 7.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 6.0 7.6 7.6 7.5 10.6 12.5 10.0 14.0 8.0 11.0 18.0 6.8 7.6 7.6 8.0 Miles. 8.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 8.1 6.6 7.0 7.5 7.5 5.2 7.6 10.4 9.0 10.0 9.0 8.6 8.0 6.3 7.0 6.6 7.5 7.5 7.0 5.5 9.0 9.4 10.0 9.0 7.5 10.0 9.0 10.5 10.0 8.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 13.6 15.5 12.0 16.5 11.5 14.0 25.0 10.5 9.1 16.5 12.6 Num- ber. 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 .8 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.6 Bush- els. 64 64 54 51 47 52 55 50 65 40 56 34 37 26 22 21 17 45 41 40 58 46 40 45 30 58 41 38 38 28 26 21 20 25 27 38 22 43 42 40 33 43 60 ■"so"' 60 45 70 Bush- els. 53 50 48 50 35 47 48 48 4S 45 50 36 34 26 24 25 S3" 54 48 49 46 49 48 39 66 56 53 53 38 33 25 25 32 42 50 30 63 56 55 43 56 62 60 66 80 66 70 Bales. Daps. 600 400 200 Days. 600 Days. New Hampshire Vermont 300 Massachusetts Rhode Island ""s.o 3.3 3.3 2.3 "'"3."6' 3.0 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 500 1,400 3,400 13, 600 78, 000 26,800 51,500 81, 100 29,400 99, 600 51,700 113, 200 30, 300 267,300 456, 500 1,020,400 43,200 43,900 100, 600 983, 200 435,400 1,400 202,900 534, 200 171,200 346,300 285,700 58,000 125,600 64,300 262,700 263,100 85,900 Connecticut New York 53, 400 11.000 184, 900 18,700 89,700 122, 700 54,700 107, 900 13,400 24,300 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia 4,600 North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 132, 200 185, 700 331,200 11, 800 Florida Ohio 130, 500 174, 000 163, 100 95, 200 32, 800 488, 300 119,400 397,400 897,000 353, 100 621,000 1,002,700 142, 800 120,900 7,000 Indiana lUinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri 11,500 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee 61,400 Alabama 293, 300 298,800 61,700 Mississippi Louisiana Texas 150,800 360,500 19,000 181,200 30,-000 131,800 23,800 5,600 78,800 17,500 89,200 304,100 102,400 35,900 747,400 175,400 214,600 Oklahoma.. Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado 12,900 13,800 1,800 200 New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Idaho ""s.o 400 200 300 4,900 Washington Oregon California 1,200 United States. . 6.5 8.7 1.6 40.5 53.6 3.0 6,358,200 5,857,400 (2)2,532,300 1 Based upon com and cotton crops of 1913, and average of the wheat crops of 1912 and 1914. Quantity hauled: For com ^= the crop X percentage marketed; for wheat = the crop, less seed; for cotton = the crop. 2 Including 1,600 days for States of very small production. THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 CONCENTRATING AND STORAGE-IN -TRANSIT ARRANGEMENTS IN TRANSPORTING FARM PRODUCTS. By T. F. Powell, Investigator in Transportation of Farm Products, Office of Markets and Rural Organization. The lack of proper assembling methods is one of the chief diffi- culties encountered in a successful solution of the marketing problem. In locahties where suitable common or cold storage f acihties are available, the growers of farm products would fiiid the concentration and storage-in-transit privileges two of the most desirable means for bringing about the widest distribution. Shippers, as a rule, are not famihar with these arrangements; if they were utilized more fre- quently it would enable shippers to move their freight to market in carload lots, thus securing the benefit of the lowest rates and the quickest service. Concentration is defined as the shipment in less than carloads of certain commodities to certain points, af tSr which the shipments are reforwarded in carload lots. Storage in transit is defined as the shipment in carloads to storage points of freight which has already been combined into carload lots under or independent of the concentrating arrangement. The concentrating privilege at the present time is confined largely to butter, cheese, eggs, and poultry and permits of grading, mixing, repacking, and storing. Under this arrangement five poultry in carloads is frequently shipped to a concentrating point and dressed poultry in carload lots is forwarded from such concentrating point. In some cases f=^pecial any-quantity rates are provided to concen- trating points. In other cases the carload rate in effect from original pomt of shipment to final destination is appfied plus an additional charge of 5 or 10 cents or more. The storage privilege is allowed on aU of the above conamodities, and concentrated carload shipments of such commodities forwarded from a concentrating point in some sections may be stopped once in transit for storage. Storage in transit independent of the concen- trating privilege is allowed also on gi*een apples in packages, onions, potatoes, celery, hay, grapes, and other produce in carload lots for periods varying from six months to a year. The privilege is granted free of charge in rare instances. Usually an additional charge of from 1^ to 3 cents per 100 pounds is made. Ordinarily the shipments pay fuU tariff' rate to the storage point and when reshipped the charges are adjusted on the basis of the through rate in effect at date of original shipment from point of origin to final destination plus the storage charge. Where both the concentrating and storage privileges are used, a separate charge for each privilege is made. 16 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 672. The concentrating privilege can be utilized most successfully in cases where several small points of production of a particular commodity in certain districts are somewhat widely separated. It would be of advantage in such cases to concentrate small shipments and combine them into carload shipments at certain points and move them from these concentration points to distant markets, or, by also utilizing the storage-in-transit privilege to put the freight into storage at some convenient point and afterwards move it to final destination at the car- load rate. Arrangements of this kind would enable small producing points to reach markets which otherwise would be out of reach, and would benefit the railroads by giving them a long haul on the traffic. Concentrating rates are also of advantage to the railroads by in- creasing the size and regularity of shipments. They benefit the shippers by enabling them to secure the carload rates, to avoid handling in transit, to secure quicker service and to permit them to supply the markets at times when theu* products are most in demand. Both of the privileges are susceptible of much greater develop- ment in all sections and should be encouraged by the railroads. It would be well worth while for the railroads, as well as associations of shippers in various sections, to make a closer study of the suit- ability of such arrangements in particular localities. Such a study should be of especial interest to the shippers in the South, where many new problems connected with the distribution of new products must constantly arise for solution as crop diversification progresses. If any shippers feel that either of these transit privileges would be of benefit and are prepared to supply suitable warehouse facilities, they should then arrange to confer with officials of the interested rail- roads. In this way a friendly discussion would develop as to how the arrangements could be made to fit any particular local conditions. Shippers should always keep in mind, however, that service is the only thing the railroads have to sell and they should be willing to pay the railroads a fair additional charge for this or any other benefit which involves any extra cost on the part of the railroads, and which renders the service more valuable to the shippers. LIVE STOCK LOSSES AND CONDITION. The losses from disease of live stock in the United States amount to about $150,000,000 a year. This figure is based upon the aver- age rate of loss dm^ing the past 30 years applied to numbers and values of live stock January 1 last. The losses from exposure, estimated in the same way, amount to about $44,000,000 a year. In the past few years loss from disease is somewhat greater than the figure given above, largely on account of the hog cholera epidemic; but losses from exposure have been diminishing in recent years by reason of better shelter and care. THE AGEICULTTJEAL OUTLOOK. 17 Table 7. — Condition of farm animals and number of breeding sows, April 1, 1915, tuith comparisons. State. Horses. Cattle. 1915 10- year aver- 1914 10- year aver- Sheep. 1915 1914 10- year aver- age. Swine. 10- year aver- Maine New Hampshire. . Vermont Massachusetts Khode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina... South Carolina... Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois , Michigaa , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky , Tennessee , Alabama , Mississippi Louisiana Texas , Oklahoma Arkansas , Montana , Wyoming , Colorado , New Mexico , Arizona , Utah Nevada , Idaho , Washington , Oregon , California , United States . P.c. 99 99 99 99 99 99 98 97 P.c. 97 97 98 98 95 97 97 97 95 94 95 96 95 94 95 96 95 99 100 P.c. 98 98 99 P.c. 94 99 P.c. 98 97 94 97 94 94 94 94 95 94 97 96 94 98 100 97 92 96 99 P.C. P.c. 99 99 97 98 97 94 P.C. 98 99 99 99 98 96 94 93 94 93 95 93 96 97 92 99 100 97 92 97 100 99 P.c. 95 99 P.c. 97 93 97 97 96 97 101 97 95 100 97 P.c. 98 97 99 97 97 96.6 96.1 94.6 95.2 93.5 91.6 I Number compared with Apr. 1, 1914. 18 FARMERS BULLETIN 672. Table 8 shows the estunated losses during the year 1913 and what would be the losses last year if the average rate of loss for 30 years were applied to numbers and values January 1, 1915: Table 8. — Losses of live stock from disease and exposure. 1913 Theoretical average loss, average rate applied to numbers and values January 1. Rate per 1,000. Number loss. Value. Average rate per 1,000. Number loss. Value. From disease: Horses 20.6 19.8 21.7 118.9 523,000 1,123,000 1,080,000 7,005,000 $58,000,000 44,000,000 4,000,000 73,000,000 19.2 19.5 29.4 77.5 493,000 1,137,000 1,057,000 5,008,000 $52, 000, 000 Cattle 47, 000, 000 Sheep 5, 000, 000 49, 000, 000 Total 179,000,000 153,000,000 From exposure: Cattle 10.9 21.0 614,000 1,044,000 24,000,000 4,000,000 16.3 31.8 951,000 1,144,000 39,000,000 5,000,000 Sheep Total 28,000,000 44,000,000 The rates of losses here given were based upon replies from many thousand reporters to the following question: "About how many in every thousand (1,000) have died during the year ending March 31 ?" This year the form of the question was altered, reading "How many per hundred (100), etc.," instead of per thousand. The returns indicate clearly that many reporters assumed that the question was the same as had been asked for many years past and reported a figure ten times too high. Therefore the results obtained this year are not comparable with estimates previously obtained and in con- sequence are not published. The written comments of agents and reporters indicate that during the past year the losses of hogs from cholera were still larger than in a normal year, but smaller than in the preceding year; the disease is being better controlled and losses are diminishing. The losses of swine from disease in the year ending March 31, 1914, were estimated at 119 per thousand, and it is probable that the losses last year were 100 per thousand, and possibly a little less. It may be remembered that a year ago Iowa lost 25 per cent of her hogs and Minnesota and South Dakota each more than 20 per cent. The losses in the past year have been but little more than half as much. However, in a section comprised by Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas losses the past year appear to be slightly heavier than in the preceding year. About 90 per cent of swine losses from disease is due to cholera. The condition of live stock on April 1, 1915, with comparisons, is shown in Table 7, 100 representing a normal condition of healthful- ness. It wiU be observed from this tabulation that on April 1 the THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 condition of horses was higher than a year ago and higher than the 10-year average; the condition of cattle was sUghtly lower than a year ago, but stiJl above the 10-year average; the condition of sheep was higher than any previous date shown; and the condition of hogs, although still below the average, was higher than a year ago and two years ago, indicating the diminishing of cholera. The comparatively high condition of cattle, notwithstanding the outbreak of foot-and- mouth disease, indicates that drastic measures have resulted bene- ficially in keeping this dangerous disease in check. The actual losses of cattle during the year from foot-and-mouth disease, although severe in individual herds, does not bulk large in comparison with usual losses from disease; the average yearly loss of cattle from all diseases is nearly 2.0 per cent of the total supply; the losses from foot-and-mouth disease probably will not exceed 0.002 per cent of the total suppljT". Table 9. — Condition of live stock in the United States on dates indicated; 100=normal. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Apr. 1,1915 Apr. 1, 1914 Apr. 1, 1913 Apr. 1,1912 Apr. 1,1911 Apr. 1, 1910 Average 1905-1914 96.6 96.4 96.7 93.6 96.7 95.8 96.2 96.5 96.0 91.5 95.9 94.6 97.1 96.6 96.0 92.9 96.2 93.6 93.5 91.6 91.4 89.9 95.9 95.4 96.1 94.6 95.2 94.2 Sheep wintered unusually well in the western sheep section; losses were smaller than usual and their condition above average. In general, with the exception of hog cholera and foot-and-mouth disease, the past year was more favorable than usual for live stock; swine losses are becoming less and foot-and-mouth disease is believed to be nearly stamped out. APPLES IN COLD STORAGE APRIL 1, 1915, AND PROGRESS OF MOVE- MENT. [Contribution from the Office of Markets and Rural Organization.] Reports as of April 1, 1915, have been received from 270 cold storages having an approximate capacity of 6,286,482 barrels, show- ing the quantity of barreled and boxed apples held by them on that date and on the same date in 1913. Comparison with similar reports received on December 1, January 1, February 1, and March 1, give the following results : In storage April 1, 1915. Barrels. 611,383 Boxes. 781,228 Equivalent in barrels. 871, 792 20 FABMEES BULLETIN 672. Of the 270 storages reporting on April 1, only 195, having an approximate capacity of 4,677,951 barrels, reported their holdings on April 1, 1913. Their holdings were as follows: Barrels. Boxes. Equivalent in barrels. In storage April 1, 1915. In storage April 1, 1913 . 414, 723 479,651 642,673 795, 547 628,947 744,833 From the above, it appears that there were 15.6 per cent less apples in storage on April 1, 1915, than on April 1, 1913. Of the 270 storages reporting for April 1, only 250, having an approximate capacity of 6,021,682 barrels, reported on March 1. Their holdings on these dates were as follows: Barrels. Boxes. Equivalent in barrels. In storage Mar. 1, 1915. In storage Apr. 1, 1915. 1,187,769 608,404 1,350,500 757,674 1,637,936 860,962 The decrease during March, 1915, is 579,365 barrels and 592,826 boxes, which is equivalent to 776,974 barrels. This is a decrease of 48.8 per cent in barreled apples and 43.9 per cent in boxed apples, or a total of 47.4 per cent of all apples in storage March 1, 1915. Of the 270 storages reporting for April 1, only 216, having an approximate capacity of 5,381,402 barrels, reported on December 1, January 1, February 1, and March 1. Their holdings on these dates were as follows: Barrels. Boxes. Eqviivalont in barrels. In storage Dec. 1, 1914. In storage Jan. 1, 1915. In storage Feb. 1, 1915 In storage Mar. 1, 1915 In storage Apr. 1, 1915 2,122,978 1,865,815 1,458,761 1,011,300 512,965 2, 274, 235 2,122,206 1,865,420 1,312,002 728,062 2,881,056 2,573,217 2,080,568 1,448,634 755,652 These 216 firms show a decrease during December, 1914, of 12.1 per cent barreled apples and 6.7 per cent boxed apples, or a total decrease of 10.7 per cent. During January, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 19.2 per cent, and boxed apples 11.3 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 17.1 per cent in the total hold- ings as of December 1. During February, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 21.1 per cent, and boxed apples 24.3 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 21.9 per cent in the total hold- ings as of December 1. During March, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 23.5 per cent, and boxed apples 25.7 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 24.1 per cent in the total hold- ings as of December 1. During the months of December, 1914, January, 1915, February, 1915, and March, 1915, taken together, the decrease was 75.9 per cent in barreled apples and 68 per cent in boxed apples, or a total decrease of 73.8 per cent since December 1, 1914. During March an effort was made to secure complete storage holdings as of the first of each month, beginning December 1, for all firms reporting. This permits com- parisons of the holdings of 216 cold storages for five months. This office will endeavor to issue on May 10 a similar statement for the month of April. THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. CONDITION AND PRICE OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE. 21 Table 10. — Winter wheat and rye: Acreage sown in fall of 1914; condition and price paid to producers Apr. 1, 1915, with comparisons. Winter wheat. Rye. Acreage sown. Condition. Price per bushel Apr. 1- Condition. Price per bushel State. Per cent of last year. Area sown faUof 1914 (000 omit- ted). Apr. 1— Dec. 1, 1914. Apr. 1— Dec. 1, 1914. Apr. 1— 1915 1914 10- year aver- age. 1915 1914 1915 1914 10- year aver- age. 1915 1914 Vermont P.ct. Acres. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. P.ct. as. Cts. P.ct. 94 93 91 86 83 82 85 80 86 78 84 88 89 91 92 93 89 93 90 95 91 87 96 100 92 82 82 82 P.ct. 98 96 94 94 91 94 90 91 95 93 92 89 92 96 96 97 91 87 88 93 96 87 88 92 95 94 93 91 P.ct. 94 92 96 91 92 91 92 91 91 91 91 89 90 86 88 91 88 91 89 94 90 84 90 92 88 88 89 90 P.ct. 95 92 94 92 85 87 89 90 93 93 96 96 96 96 93 94 95 97 96 97 92 92 94 93 90 92 92 95 Cts. 85 105 104 113 105 95 """ss" 96 93 101 ISO 112 99 96 105 98 107 100 98 101 102 96 99 94 105 102 132 Cts. 70 Massachusetts 93 Connecticut.. 80 New York. . . New Jersey . . Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Caro- lina South Caro- lina Georgia Ohio 105 98 102 110 106 160 110 175 300 218 105 112 115 107 100 105 103 110 382 81 1,366 128 658 1,270 265 1,097 246 314 2,101 2,820 2,934 963 89 59 536 2,844 86 74 78 83 81 85 86 85 84 86 87 90 90 85 90 89 94 86 95 91 93 91 93 95 94 92 89 91 96 97 98 92 85 83 95 98 90 91 90 92 91 91 89 92 88 89 83 84 86 85 89 "'96' 87 96 82 85 88 89 93 92 95 96 94 94 89 92 92 96 94 96 87 138 141 138 140 147 146 139 144 147 144 141 141 133 137 130 133 126 134 132 123 131 130 140 136 148 97 97 95 97 95 101 101 112 116 122 93 91 88 92 82 83 79 86 81 79 75 80 98 101 111 72 75 76 75 74 84 87 98 175 115 68 Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa 63 62 60 55 51 62 Missouri North Dakota 74 48 South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Kentucky.... Tennessee Alabama Mississippi... 110 105 98 115 120 285 225 120 120 144 135 115 105 115 125 110 120 114 110 108 110 95 3,637 8,779 883 872 97 2 1,367 3,092 184 683 54 276 55 41 253 23 394 1,174 686 463 97 96 89 79 81 85 84 89 90 89 96 96 92 96 97 92 95 93 95 94 95 87 93 96 96 97 93 95 92 97 95 93 94, 94 94 95 99 95 98 97 102 95 ""96' 87 88 90 90 88 84 85 88 94 96 94 93 95 96 99 97 93 94 88 93 90 80 89 90 93 93 89 83 90 98 90 92 95 98 89 88 95 100 93 98 51 57 65 84 102 150 Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico . 130 133 131 126 126 115 129 155 124 160 105 120 127 129 95 81 88 71 86 78 79 109 73 90 68 80 86 97 90 94 89 96 95 93 "162" 95 89 100 96 98 81 97 93 94 97 92 95 101 96 100 97 100 98 100 80 88 88 96 96 92 90 96 97 99 98 95 97 92 92 90 88 98 90 93 114 117 90 94 81 94 104 93 65 61 64 56 Arizona Utah 90 71 55 Nevada Idaho Washington.. Oregon California 94 100 96 100 65 90 120 110 90 60 85 110 U.S... 111.1 4V,263 88.8 95.6 87.6 88.3 131.7 84.2 89.5 91.3 90.1 93.6 100.4 63.0 22 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 672. PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. April 1. state. Corn, per bushel. Oats, per bushel. Barley, per bushel. Buck- wheat, per bushel. Potatoes, per bushel. Hay, per ton. Flaxseed, per bushel. Cotton, per pound. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1916 5- year aver- age. 1916 5- year aver, age. 1915 5- year aver- age. Cts. 93 84 81 80 87 84 83 85 73 78 93 91 95 99 93 94 74 68 69 72 72 62 64 75 66 59 64 73 80 83 93 ,87 93 96 80 93 96 85 71 125 125 84 Cts. 76 72 72 77 92 73 71 72 69 64 68 78 79 88 93 90 8S 68 54 55 60 56 48 50 60 57 49 51 59 72 73 86 80 74 80 63 77 93 78 63 94 105 79 Cts. 65 66 62 61 Cts. 56 55 54 56 Cts. 85 83 90 Cts. 83 87 86 Cts. '"so 87 Cts. 71 75 89 88 Cts. 25 38 42 57 45 52 36 51 60 70 56 72 84 89 129 109 119 49 66 68 28 31 37 63 84 46 52 61 87 81 104 105 111 112 115 100 106 66 84 54 155 139 64 78 54 60 62 80 47.8 Cts. 57 72 68 82 92 87 69 84 74 91 74 82 90 96 135 120 142 71 71 79 50 49 53 78 92 62 77 86 103 88 99 122 125 107 120 112 110 72 92 63 109 129 69 88 57 60 64 84 DoUs 14.00 13.00 15.20 19.50 23.00 20.40 15.10 19.70 14.80 17.50 16.70 18.70 17.60 18.40 17.40 17.70 17.60 13.70 14.20 14.50 12.00 10.10 6.80 12.90 14.70 5.60 7.10 8.30 8.00 7.40 18.20 15.10 12.60 12.00 10.40 8.40 13.20 8.80 8.30 7.00 10.50 10.00 8.30 7.80 7.20 11.50 9.80 8.80 DoUs 14.52 16.74 14.60 20.04 21.92 21.04 15.42 19.84 16.68 18.30 16.78 17.42 16.48 17.10 18.64 17.88 17.42 14.16 13.84 14.06 13.88 12.82 7.90 10.82 11.88 6.54 7.38 9.06 9.72 16.00 15.80 14.82 12.58 13.02 12.58 9.56 13.52 10.44 9.56 10.44 13.06 13.44 9.90 11.00 8.50 12.74 10.94 11.80 Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. New Hampshire. . Massachusetts . . 67 62 63 60 61 69 65 73 74 73 74 55 53 55 51 56 60 51 58 48 47 48 51 68 63 72 67 75 59 55 64 50 55 49 80 74 54 67 42 48 50 50 50 49 48 49 44 49 57 57 65 67 67 71 40 39 38 41 39 35 35 44 35 36 37 45 54 56 66 63 59 54 49 58 41 51 48 51 74 47 60 41 44 45 53 100 87 84 82 91 73 76 69 New York 79 77 New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware 80 69 Maryland 65 79 63 68 95 98 85 83 73 82 76 84 8.1 13.4 West Virginia.. . 8.1 8.4 8.2 11.0 12.6 South Carolina 12.7 Georgia 12.7 Florida 15.7 Ohio 63 68 71 80 72 61 66 57 60 55 60 87 90 116 64 64 67 69 72 66 66 68 57 61 57 60 76 82 116 71 75 87 82 98 105 75 79 97 67 72 64 95 96 Indiana Dlinois Wisconsin "i68 130 140 172 158 139 168 177 173 160 157 174 171 .--r Missouri 7.0 11 91 North Dakota.. Nebraska 100 73 Kansas 143 Kentucky 78 77 7.9 8.0 7.8 8.0 8.2 7.8 7.9 12.3 12.6 Mississippi 12.5 12.2 Texas 60 64 73 60 12.1 Oklahoma.... 11.7 Arkansas 12.2 78 79 63 95 85 60 99 66 59 80 68 63 75 63 73 78 60 86 56 58 66 69 64.3 170 140 169 Wyoming i --- 16.0 Utah.. 92 80 85 99 78 81 83 83 Washington California 7.0 72.2 167.7 United States 75.1 62.1 53.4 40.5 64.7 85.8 68.1 11.64 12.95 173.2 8.1 12.4 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 23 Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. April 1. March 15. State. Butter,per pound. Eggs, per dozen. Chickens, perpound.. Hogs, per 100 pounds. Beef cattle, per 100 pounds. Veal calves, per 100 pounds. Sheep, per 100 pounds. Lambs, per 100 pounds. 1915 6- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. 1915 5- year aver- age. Maine Cts. 31 33 32 33 36 35 31 34 29 30 29 26 27 24 26 25 34 26 24 25 26 28 26 26 23 23 23 22 22 21 21 21 22 27 22 22 23 32 30 27 32 30 30 35 26 31 30 27 Cts. 30 31 31 34 33 34 30 33 30 29 28 25 26 24 26 25 32 25 23 25 26 28 26 25 22 22 22 22 22 21 20 21 23 27 22 21 22 33 31 29 34 36 29 38 30 32 33 31 CIS. 19 20 19 25 20 21 20 22 18 20 17 16 18 15 17 16 21 17 16 16 • 18 17 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 14 14 15 16 14 14 15 21 23 19 21 21 18 29 17 19 20 20 Cts. 21 22 21 26 24 24 21 23 20 18 18 17 18 15 19 18 22 17 16 16 19 17 16 16 15 16 15 16 15 15 15 15 16 18 14 15 15 25 24 21 26 27 17 31 22 21 21 19 Cts. 14.2 15.0 13.4 17.2 18.0 18.6 15.6 17.4 14.5 13.5 14.5 13.6 13.0 11.2 12.2 12.7 15.6 12.6 11.9 11.7 12.1 11.9 10.0 10.4 11.4 10.3 9.2 10.0 10.0 11.3 11.5 12.2 11.3 13.4 9.9 10.0 9.7 13.2 14.0 13.2 14.2 16.0 13.4 22.0 10.2 13.1 12.6 15.5 Cts. 14.4 14.3 13.6 16.4 17.9 16.2 14.8 16.9 13.7 14.0 14.8 13.5 11.9 11.1 12.2 12.6 14.4 12.1 11.5 11.5 11.9 11.3 10.0 10.1 11.0 9.8 8.7 9.7 9.6 11.1 10.9 11.4 11.5 12.7 9.1 9.4 9.8 14.4 13.5 13.1 13.2 17.8 12.2 19.9 12.0 14.1 13.2 14.6 $7.20 7.20 6.50 7.20 7.50 8.00 6.90 8.30 7.30 6.80 7.50 6.90 6.80 7.50 7.50 6.90 6.30 6.50 6.50 6.30 6.20 6.20 6.10 6.20 6.10 5.60 5.90 6.00 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.50 5.70 6.10 6.20 5.90 5.40 6.10 6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 6.50 7.30 6.10 6.50 6.60 6.80 17.78 7.80 7.52 8.38 8.46 8.35 7.76 8.86 8.08 7.77 7.80 7.58 7.84 7.38 7.40 7.50 6.78 7.86 7.84 7.64 7.66 7.56 7.44 7.64 7.32 6.94 7.26 7.36 7.40 7.32 7.02 7.06 6.52 6.12 6.86 7.16 6.12 7.70 7.72 7.46 7.60 7.48 6.92 8.25 7.26 8.00 7.90 7.44 $7.00 6.40 5.40 5.90 6.30 6.50 5.70 6.30 6.70 5.90 7.00 5.90 6.40 5.00 4.40 4.20 5.20 6.50 6.40 6.40 6.10 5.20 5.50 6.50 6.30 5.30 6.00 6.50 6.50 5.90 5.50 4.00 4.20 4.90 5.50 5.60 4.50 6.50 6.40 6.60 6.40 6.20 6.10 6.30 5.70 6.20 6.20 6.30 $7.00 6.02 5.12 5.92 6.20 6.98 5.20 6.78 6.20 5.75 5.78 5.14 5.52 4.22 4.00 3.78 5.04 6.00 5.68 5.82 5.36 4.94 4.86 6.18 5.76 4.58 5.40 5.98 5.96 5.12 4.46 3.44 3.68 4.00 4.36 5.02 4.04 6.08 5.64 5.60 5.48 5.48 5.20 6.18 5.48 5.64 5.88 6.24 $8.70 8.60 7.40 8.40 9.00 9.50 9.30 10.00 8.70 9.80 8.7o 7.80 7.60 6.00 5.00 5.20 6.50 8.00 7.60 8.10 8.30 7.70 7.10 7.50 7.00 6.80 7.10 7.80 7.80 7.20 6.50 4.90 5.30 5.70 6.20 6.90 5.70 8.00 9.70 8.90 8.70 7.50 8.60 7.20 7.30 8.40 7.50 7.70 S7.92 7.74 6.70 8.32 7.96 8.90 8.34 8.98 8.04 9.35 8.68 7.38 7.16 5.34 4.54 4.70 5.88 8.06 7.36 7.32 7.52 7.22 6.50 6.84 6.62 6.12 6.18 6.94 6.98 6.52 5.66 4.32 5.00 4.78 5.60 6.26 5.52 8.18 7.54 7.38 7.44 6.30 7.92 7.12 7.68 8.06 7.52 6.80 $5.20 5.40 4.20 $4.30 5.12 3.94 $6.70 7.00 6.00 $6. 00 New Hampshire . 7.02 5.92 Massachusetts .... Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland 5.30 6.00 4.70 6.50 5.60 5.00 5.82 4.28 4.30 4.98 5.12 7.60 7.80 7.20 9.00 7.30 6.00 6.67 7.85 6.46 '6.'56 7.28 Virginia 4.60 4.90 4.80 5.10 5.10 6.00 5.10 4.60 5.50 5.00 5.30 4.90 5.40 5.30 5.20 5.40 6.40 6.10 4.10 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.60 5.00 5.30 4.00 5.80 6.00 5.90 5.10 4.20 4.50 4.10 4.64 4.55 5.30 4.58 4.32 4.64 4.68 4.50 4.38 4.74 4.62 4.50 4.62 5.38 5.14 3.76 3.68 4.45 3.82 3.62 4.30 5.08 3.74 5.38 5.12 4.54 4.66 7.00 6.80 5.80 6.00 5.50 7.00 7.40 7.10 7.20 7.70 7.00 6.50 7.00 7.00 6.70 7.00 7.70 7.70 6.30 5.90 4.80 5.80 5.30 6.00 6.00 4.70 7.50 7.20 7.60 6.70 6.42 West Virginia North Carolina. . . South Carolina. . . 5.82 4.86 5.82 5.48 Florida Ohio 6.50 Indiana 6.26 6.16 6.64 Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa 6.08 5.80 6.12 5.84 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 5.62 5.90 6.60 6.20 Kentucky Tennessee 5.48 5.34 5.85 Mississippi Louisiana 5.00 4.88 5.18 Oklahoma Arkansas 6.04 4.70 Montana 6.50 Wyommg Colorado 6.46 5.80 New Mexico Arizona 6.20 Utah 5.80 5.30 5.00 6.00 5.70 5.90 4.60 5.10 5.12 .5.22 4.86 5.22 7.20 6.80 6.10 7.20 6.60 7.00 6.48 Nevada 6.50 Idaho 6.08 Washington Oregon 6.45 5.72 California.... 6.12 United States.. 25.8 a^4 16.6 17.1 11.9 11.5 6.33 7.41 5.92 5.29 7.50 6.92 5.36 4.79 6.06 6.22 24 farmers' bulletin 672. Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. March 15. State. Milch cows, per head. Horses, per head. Wool, per pound. Tun- othy hay, per ton. Clo- ver hay, per ton. Al- falfa hay, per ton. Prai- rie hay, per ton. Cotton seed, per ton. Apples, per bushel. Peanuts, per pound. 1915 6- year aver- age. 1915 5-year aver- age. 1916 1914 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1914 1916 1914 1915 1914 Maine Dolls 55.70 60.00 55.50 72.20 77.50 71.70 65.00 68.20 60.10 51.40 55.00 47.60 53.20 39.00 38.30 37.00 43.20 Dolls 51.34 52.54 47.32 55.65 65.50 60.62 55.94 60.78 51.44 48.00 41.52 39.12 43.18 34.30 36.10 32.42 40.04 Dolls 202 187 168 193 200 200 180 176 164 120 112 134 144 149 148 143 135 159 136 143 170 164 148 148 110 134 120 123 123 110 124 119 112 90 89 101 91 128 110 118 78 90 118 130 116 119 100 117 DolU 186 174 161 199 214 176 184 175 142 141 142 142 150 170 158 150 170 153 154 174 168 164 164 127 154 143 134 130 131 146 137 122 102 96 112 112 136 106 120 92 116 109 168 130 151 120 135 Cts. 24 22 25 Cts. 20 17 18 Dolls 14.10 17.40 13.90 20.50 22.50 20.00 15.50 19.50 14.90 18.60 15.70 19.50 19.30 22.30 24.80 21.40 24.00 DolU 11.50 15.00 14.00 18.20 DolU DolU DolU DolU CU. 56 70 78 82 88 80 53 60 60 70 55 54 57 80 100 110 Cts. 110 150 150 140 160 125 110 160 115 150 135 118 160 100 160 180 CU. CU. New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts. . Rhode Island.. 23 23 25 25 23 17 22 18 20 20 Connecticut 17.50 13.00 16.50 13.20 16.00 13.00 18.00 17.50 20.10 24.20 19.70 New York 15.80 9.80 New Jersey .... Pennsylvania. . 15.20 Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virs^inia.. 24 25 20 17 20 19 26 23 21 26 23 19 22 20 15 20 24- 20 20 19 16 20 18 19 19 17 19 18 15 17 18 15 15 15 20.20 23.00 23.00 26.00 22.20 30.70 34.50 3.3 4.6 North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia Florida i7.'46 15.00 24.50 25.20 25.90 22.00 27.40 28.00 26.20 25.60 3.9 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.0 5.0 6.5 5 n Ohio 58.40152.82 54. lo! 49. 20 63. 80 54. 66 59. 60 48. 62 61. 40 53. 12 58. lO' 47. 30 60.30(53.20 56. 40 49. 14 14. 40 13. 00 15. 70 13. 90 15.50 16.10 73 97 105 69 107 125 125 100 150 125 130 100 160 183 150 140 Indiana 8.80 12.00 Illinois 15.90l4..'iO,16..V) Miphiffi.Ti . . 12.10 10.80 9.60 13.80 15.40 9.00 10.50 10.40 11.80 18.60 19.70 10.4013.90 9.5013.00 g.oojio.oo 13.0015.70 14. 20 15. 80 Wisconsin 6.70 6.60 11.70 12.00 6.40 7.10 8.40 8.40 Minnpsotn, , Iowa Missouri 26.70 North Dakota.. 62.20 61.70 66.60 66.10 48.00 43.90 36.30 38.30 38.10 55.30 56.80 41.60 80.00 83.60 75.40 68.20 100.00 66.50 83.30 76.00 70.30 69.30 74.80 48.84 49.96 53.58 52.20 41.02 38.34 32.04 32.32 31.34 43.80 47.12 33.18 62.46 60.42 55.84 53.36 77.25 48.66 61.55 57.66 63.50 54.36 55.90 11.00 12.00 10.60 10.10 17.20 18.70 11.00 11.00 9.50 10.20 19.50 19.80 23.50 21.20 16.00 16. 00 11.90 17. 20 9.50 8.00 8. .30 10.30 14.00 8.00 14.50 7.30 10.50 8.30 9.00 South Dakota. . 150 120 120 96 95 105 "125 130 105 95 240 80 105 226 80 150 85 66 90 75 230 160 190 130 150 160 "160 170 160 Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Alabama 24 20 16 16 15 15 20 17 26 24 25 19 26 25 24 24 18 23 18 19 18 15 16 14 14 15 16 18 15 17 13 17 15 14 16 15 15 12 14.70 13.70 10.50 9.20 10.20 8.60 11.40 10.00 11.00 8.50 10.30 24.60 24.50 23.80 20.60 19.00 18.80 20.00 24.40 26.70 24.30 18.20 20.30 21.10 19.50 4.4 4.7 4.0 2.5 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.0 5 Mississippi 4 8 Louisiana 3 5 Texas T Oklahoma 5 5 Arkansas Montana 18.90 11.40 10.40 11.50 15.00 17.50 9.50 8.20 11.50 4.5 Wyoming 120 175 240 110 200 115 115 100 150 New Mexico. . . Arizona Utah 9.50 20.00 9.80 12.50 11.00 10.00 8.50 11.20 9.00 7.00 6.70 Nevada Idaho Washington.... Oregon 7.20 California United States 58.00 48.90 131. 60 143.94 22.8 16.4 14.28 13.41 9.79 8.03 22.32 23.60 73.4 128.9 4.2 4.7 THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25 Table 11. — Prices paid to 'producers of farm products, by States — Continued. March 15. State. Honey, comb, per pound. Honey, extract, per pound. Maple sugar, per pound. Maple sirup, per gallon. Hops, per pound. Beans, per bushel. Cabbages, per 100 pounds. Onions, per bushel. Sweet pota- toes, per bushel. Broom corn, per ton. 1915 1914 1915 1914 191S 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 Cts. 1914 Cts. 1915 1914 Me.... Cis. 19 20 19 18 Cts. 20 20 18 20 Cts. 18 22 20 Cts. 20 21 16 \Cts 19.0 16.0 10.5 17.5 ,Cts. 20.0 15.0 11.5 19.0 Cts. 123 111 106 109 Cts. 125 110 100 110 Cts. Cts. Dolls 3.59 3.50 3.40 3.05 3.25 3.50 3.10 3.27 3.10 3.25 3.30 3.03 3.08 2.74 2.62 2.95 3.00 3.14 3.14 3.15 2.75 2.88 2.88 3.50 3.33 3.10 3.08 3.11 3.42 2.92 2.88 2.70 Dolls 2.85 2.74 2.40 3.38 2.45 2.35 2.75 2.36 2.60 2.25 2.65 2.83 2.39 2.70 2.85 2.65 2.40 2.50 2.50 1.68 2.05 2.10 2.50 2.70 2.90 2.78 2.50 2.80 2.40 2.60 2.35 Dolls 1.15 1.40 1.50 1.10 1.10 1.65 .50 1.00 1.50 1.75 1.10 1.80 2.00 1.50 2.30 2.10 2.10 1.50 1.75 1.80 1.25 1.50 1.85 2.60 2.50 3.10 3.50 2.30 2.40 1.90 2.00 1.90 1.80 2.60 2.20 2.50 2.90 1.80 2.25 1.30 2.25 2.40 1.90 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.10 1.60 Dolls 1.82 2.25 2.62 2.00 1.55 1.50 1.15 1.80 2.50 1.90 1.88 2.50 2.60 2.50 2.42 2.50 2.30 2.40 2.25 2.45 2.00 2.20 2.80 3.60 3.10 4.00 3.70 3.05 2.70 2.65 2.50 2.00 3.20 2.25 2.40 3.60 3.00 2.50 4.00 2.00 2.95 3.15 2.90 3.30 2.55 2.50 2.20 2.00 Cts 95 78 80 71 70 67 68 65 85 93 75 105 120 98 140 135 160 75 90 100 59 96 100 115 130 165 140 135 125 110 100 160 130 100 160 160 125 100 200 60 ISO Cts. 108 150 167 105 170 144 150 140 130 130 100 105 140 91 160 190 185 150 140 170 110 150 145 150 165 190 188 160 200 130 110 165 170 142 200 165 170 150 230 175 210 Dolls Dolls N.H . Vt.... Mass.. R.I.. 15 15 14 15 12 16 15 Conn . 18 14 16 17 15 19 14 18 14 13 11 12 16 17 15 15 14 15 16 16 20 14 17 16 15 14 11 11 12 11 15 12 12 15 12 12 "u 12 12 12 12 11 13.6 18 15 20 15 14 N.Y.. 12 17 11 13.0 12.0 102 105 8 30 N. J.. 118 125 108 75 140 50 Pa.... 14.4 13.4 105 105 Del... Md... Va.... 14 16 14 14 12 11 17 17 15 15 14 15 15 15 14 14 14 15 11 8 11 16 14 10 10 11 13 13 13 14 15 14 12 14.0 15.5 18.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 105 112 94 100 120 100 91 125 85 88 80 74 115 110 120 82 130 75 86 85 85 130 125 115 W.Va. N.C... 3.0... Ga ... Fla... Ohio.. 14 16 12 10 10 15 12 12 12.8 17.0 20.0 15.0 15.5 19.0 13.5 15.0 24.0 14.0 14.0 15.0 109 127 140 126 140 150 140 114 110 125 133 120 125 125 110 110 tod... [U .... 85 120 Mich.. kVis... tfinn [owa. . 150 115 128 135 Mo ... 20.0 19.0 N.Dak S. Dak 17 15 17 15 13 11 12 12 12 15 13 12 12 11 12 13 10 12 12 13 12 13 13.7 15 13 11 14 15 12 12 10 10 11 12 10 11 8 11 12 8 8 9 10 11 6 10.8 14 12 16 15 14 12 11 11 12 12 13 Nebr. . 155 120 105 100 88 80 69 110 120 100 Cans . 150 110 100 85 75 75 115 120 105 73 76 Ky.... 18.7 20.0 20.0 19.0 131 102 128 105 Tenn . Ala... iliss .. La.... Tex... 3.12 3.07 3.25 3.24 3.16 2.66 2.78 3.15 3.37 3.00 2.85 2.65 3.30 3.00 2.10 2.70 2.55 3.45 60 65 Okla.. 89 Ark .. Mont . Wyo.. 10 7 10 8 8 8 9 10 11 8 11.1 Colo . . N.Mex 165 110 190 200 Ariz . . Utah.. 125 130 110 85 110 85 95.3 200 164 215 180 160 155 155.2 Nev . . Idaho. 2.90 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.70 3.05 3.00 2.40 Wash. 10 14 13 12.0 "i7 16 20.5 Oreg . . Cal . . . 115 90.8 175 S7.3 12.5 12.4 109.8 38.42 U.S. 109.9 2.89 2.05 1.38 2.03 31.36 26 FARMERS* BULLETIN 6*72. Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Concluded. Prices paid to producers, March 15. Prices paid by producers, March 15. State. Clover seed , per bushel. Tunothy seed , per bushel. Alfalfa seed , per bushel. Clover seed, per bushel. Timothy seed, per bushel. Alfelfa seed, per bushel. Bran, per ton. Cotton- seed meal, per ton. 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 Dolls Dolls Dolls Dolls Dolls Dolls Dolls 12.20 11.50 11.15 12.65 Dolls 9.75 11.50 11.00 Dolls 4.30 3.90 4.15 4.00 Dolls 3.50 3.50 3.60 3.12 Dolls Dolls Dolls 31.10 30.10 29.30 29.50 29.80 29.40 30.00 30.00 29.10 32.30 29.30 30.20 31.30 31.60 32.00 33.10 33.10 29.60 28.30 26.90 29.30 25.40 25.30 26.90 26.00 24.80 25.30 24.80 23.40 28.40 29.40 32.50 30.70 28.60 30.30 27.90 28.00 27.60 27.50 27.70 31.80 46.00 27.00 35.00 27.90 •^n. 30 Dolls 29.60 30.50 29.40 30.50 29.60 29.00 28.80 29.90 29.40 30.00 30.20 29.30 30.80 31.80 31.60 31.60 30.70 28.60 27.80 26.50 28.80 26.10 24.40 25.90 25.50 21.40 22.90 24.20 24.10 29.40 29.30 31.90 31.30 29.60 30.40 27.00 27.50 22.60 24.40 26.60 31.10 32.00 24.20 33.50 23.00 24.50 23.80 29.10 Dolls 33.90 34.60 34.10 34.90 34.00 33.80 34.20 33.90 34.10 Dolls 35 20 New Hampshire 35 10 Vermont 11.35 15.00 10.00 34 90 Massachusetts Rhode Island 35.50 36.00 Onnnpntifiit 10.00 11.40 10.50 10.20 10.00 8.75 10.50 10.90 11.20 10.00 12.00 10.50 10.70 10.00 10.38 9.90 10.35 10.45 9.60 3.50 4.10 3.65 3.70 3.75 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.20 3.05 3.25 3.00 3.10 3.25 3.40 34 00 New York New Jersey 10.80 10.80 3.90 3.00 10.50 9.80 11.10 11.50 10.70 8.00 9.00 9.40 9.40 34.30 35.50 Pennsylvania Delaware 9.30 9.00 8.75 8.75 3.45 3.20 2.60 2.82 8.50 7.40 35.20 Maryland 33.30 31.80 33.90 30.80 29.40 29.50 31.60 33.50 32.40 31.70 33.40 34.30 36.00 30.90 30.20 40.00 33.80 32.50 30.80 29.90 30.80 30.40 29.50 30.50 29.70 28.90 28.40 27.60 35.00 Vii-ginia West Virginia 10.40 10.40 9.40 9.55 10.00 9.75 3.45 3.25 3.00 3.05 10.30 10.90 9.20 9.25 33.90 35.00 33 20 South Carolina. . . Georgia 11.25 10.80 30.40 30.20 Florida 32.70 Ohio Indiana Illiaois 8.25 8.40 9.15 8.15 7.70 8.50 9.50 9.90 8.10 7.80 8.55 7.80 7.80 8.70 8.70 9.10 2.90 3.10 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.80 3.20 2.40 2.30 3.30 2.90 3.50 3.45 2.25 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.50 2.10 2.80 '2.06 2.45 2.75 2.90 2.82 9.00 9.45 9.70 9.25 9.10 8.80 9.80 9.70 10.50 9.00 8.30 7.20 9.95 10.30 8.10 8.10 8.30 7.65 9.75 '8.16 7.70 8.76 6.50 5.80 10.00 9.40 9.45 9.65 10.10 9.80 9.00 10.00 10.10 10.70 9.00 9.30 11.00 10.50 10.35 11.40 12.00 9.20 8.80 9.95 9.60 8.65 11.60 9.40 9.75 10.60 11.30 10.50 10.00 10.00 10.10 12.50 3.55 3.65 3.55 3.75 3.40 3.40 3.00 3.80 2.65 3.00 3.50 3.60 3.75 3.75 2.80 2.95 2.85 3.10 2.75 3.10 2.30 3.40 2.60 2.10 3.40 3.00 3.00 3.00 10.30 10.60 10.50 10.90 10.90 12.25 11.40 10.70 11.00 10.20 9.70 8.20 10.30 10.90 12.00 11.90 9.30 8.95 9.80 8.90 10.00 11.70 8.70 9.00 14.00 11.00 7.30 6.40 9.00 9.10 34.60 34.10 32.40 Michigan 34.20 Wisconsin Mmnesota Iowa . 34.40 32.70 31.70 Missouri 30.70 North Dakota. 26.00 South Dakota Nebraska Kansas 8.00 10.00 8.80 9.60 10.40 10.50 9.20 8.60 9.45 9.20 31.00 35.40 32.10 Kentucky Tennessee Alabama 32.50 31.00 30.60 Mississippi 30.70 Louisiana 30.40 Texas Oklahoma 7.20 7.00 '9.' 66 7.45 9.60 7.20 6.50 '8.' 26 7.40 7.00 8.00 10.70 8.50 11.10 11.00 9.00 9.85 8.00 7.90 7.15 10.90 10.00 9.50 7.90 12.50 31.70 31.30 Arkansas Montana 10.70 10.38 11.00 11.00 10.00 11.30 12.50 3.80 3.50 3.20 3.40 3.00 3.15 29.80 Wyoming 2.80 2.25 2.50 Colorado 32. 26 .3.^. 40 New Mexico 34.70 38.00 Utah 4.00 5.00 7.50 7.30 8.00 6.25 8.00 6.50 10.00 11.00 5.00 3.60 8.30 7.00 Nevada Idaho Washington 7.90 6.90 2.25 L75 10.00 12.50 9.40 11.00 3.60 4.05 3.30 4.50 2.75 4.20 2.70 4.05 10.40 13.00 11.00 10.50 8.70 12.00 38.00 39.20 Oregon 8.00 7.40 9.60 8.10 7.00 7.30 8 20 58.00 California 13.80 12.00 8.30 31.90 30.00 31.32 United States.. 8.55 8.17 2.78 2.30 7.92 6.60 10.33 9.45 3.60 2.97 9.58 8.01 28.23 27.58 32.65 THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 27 Table 12.— Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. Product. Hogs per 100 pounds. Beef cattle do. . . Veal calves do. . . Sheep do... Lambs do. .. Milch cows perhead. Horses do. .. Chickens per pound. Eggs per dozen. Honey, comb per pound. Honey, extracted do. . . Maple sugar do. . . Maple sirup per gallon. Wool, unwashed. ..per poimd. Pean uts do . . . Apples per bushel. Beans do. . . Sweet potatoes do. . . Onions do... Cabbages per 100 pounds. Timothy hay .per ton. Clover hay do... Alfalfa hay do. . . Prairie hay do. . . Clover seed per bushel. Timothy seed do. . . Alfalfa seed do. . . Broom com per ton. Cotton seed do. . . Hops per pound. Paid by farmers: Clover seed. . .per bushel. Timothy seed do. . . Alfalfa seed do. . . Bran per ton . Cottonseed meal do. . . March 15. 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 $6.33 5.92 7.50 5.36 6.06 58.00 132.00 .117 .165 .135 .108 .125 1.10 .228 .042 .73 2.89 .91 .95 1.38 14.28 13.41 9.79 8.03 8.55 2.78 7.92 68.00 22.32 .120 10.33 3.60 9.58 28.23 31.32 87.80 6.28 7.92 4.77 6.31 59.23 138.00 .124 .222 .13 .111 .124 1.10 .164 .047 1.29 2.05 .87 1.55 2.03 8.17 2.30 6.60 91.00 23.60 .205 9.45 2.97 8.01 27.58 32.65 $7.62 5.88 7.49 4.97 6.56 54.02 146.00 .115 .170 .139 .119 .126 1.06 .184 .047 .82 2.10 .91 .77 1.03 10.42 1.72 8.19 57.00 21.55 12.30 2.33 9.78 24.96 31.08 $5.94 4.75 6.11 4.12 5.38 44.09 140.00 .139 .127 .111 1.05 .169 .050 1.04 2.42 1.02 1.67 2.88 12.89 7.33 99.00 18.21 .401 29.16 31.22 $6.74 4.66 6.48 4.45 5.49 45.42 145.00 .135 .121 .168 .04{ 1.25 2.17 .87 1.05 1.26 8.56 4.93 78.00 25.49 .192 24.94 31.32 April 15. 1914 1913 8.06 2.28 6.77 89.00 24.17 .206 9.84 2.95 8.17 28.50 32.75 11.00 1.74 8.36 58.00 21.89 .150 12.90 2.43 9.99 24. 69 30.89 February 15. 1915 1914 1913 10.32 3.56 9.29 28.96 30.88 8.07 2.12 6.48 95.00 23.37 .191 9.77 2.94 7.98 26. 91 32.59 Product. April 1. 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 Mayl. 1914 1913 March 1. 1915 1914 1913 Wheat cents per bushel Corn do.. Oats do.. Barley do. . Rye do.. Buckwheat do . . Potatoes do . . Flaxseed do. . Hay dollars per ton Butter cents per pound Eggs cents per dozen Chickens cents per pound Cotton do.. 131.7 75.1 53.4 64.7 100.4 85.3 47.8 167.7 11.64 25.8 16.6 11.9 8.1 84.2 70.7 39.5 51.7 63.0 76.9 70.0 132. 8 12.20 24.9 17.6 12.3 11.9 79.1 5-3.7 33.1 48.5 62.9 68.3 50.3 113.6 11.15 27.6 16.4 11.6 11.8 92.5 71.1 52.0 92.3 85.1 76.9 117.1 191.3 16.79 26.1 17.8 10.8 10.1 49.7 32.3 69.1 75.4 65.3 55.5 234.6 11.89 22.6 14.9 10.8 13.9 83.9 72.1 39.5 49.3 62.9 77.3 71.4 134.7 12.32 23.8 16.8 12.5 12.2 56.8 34.2 48.3 62.4 71.4 48.2 114.3 11.13 27.0 16.1 11.8 11.6 133.6 75.1 52.1 67.7 105.4 85.5 50.4 157.9 11.71 26.8 21.3 11.7 7.4 83.1 69.1 38.9 51.1 61.9 75.1 70.7 132.5 12.37 26.0 24.2 12.1 12.6 28 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 6'72. Table 13. — Rp,nge of prices of agricultural products at market centers: Statement for April, 1915. Product and market. April 1,1915. March, 1915. February, 1915. March, 1914. March, 1913. Wheat per bushel: No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . No. 2 red winter, Chicago No. 2 red winter, New York i. Corn per bushel: No. 2 mixed, St. Louis No. 2, Chicago $1.49 -$1.49 1.51 - 1.52 1.63- 1.64} .74}- .74} .72- .73} .79- .80 .57}- .57} . 56}- . 56} L16- 1.17 14.50-15.50 $1.36}-$1.67} 1.36}- 1.62J L49}- L74 .70- .75} .70- .75 .76i- .82 .55- .60 .531- .604 1.12- 1.21 14.50-16.00 $1.45 -$1.64 1.45}- L68 1.58- 1.80 .68}- .78 .68}- .78 .75}- .88} .55- .60 .53- .60 1.15- 1.31 15. 00 -16. 00 $0.92 -$0.96} .924- .961 L05- 1.06 .65- .72 . 63 - .70 .681- .72} .38}- .43 .371- .39} .59}- .63 14.50 -16.00 . 42 - .45 .22- .22 .28- .29 8.20- 9.00 .24}- .32 .25- .30 .21- .36 .17J- .27 .16}- .17} $0.97}-$1.12 1.01 - 1.08 L09}- L12 .49- .54} .50- .53} .55}- .58} 32 - 34 No. 2 mixed, New York i Oats per bushel: No. 2, St. l,ouis .311- .33} .58- .62} 13.00 16 50 Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- Hops, per pound: Choice, New York . 21 - .27 Wool per pound: Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. Best tub washed, St. Louis. . Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk . 28 - .29 .40- .40 6.75 - 6.85 -.30}- .30} .28}- .28} .191- .20} .18}- ..18} .16i- .17 . 28 - .29 .40- .40 6.50- 6.95 .28}- .32 .28}- .29 .18J- .20} . 17 - . 18} .16- .17i .24- .29 .30- .35 6.35.- 7.00 .24- .30 .29- .32 . 33 - . 40 . 20 - .28 . 16}- . 17} .23- .24 .33- .35 8. 75 - 9. 50 Butter per pound: Creamery, extra. New York. Creamery, extra, Elgin Eggs per dozen: Average best fresh, New York Average best fresh, St. Louis. Cheese per pound : Colored, 2 New York .35}- .42 .34- .35 .20- .31 . 16 - .19 .16- .171 1 F. o. b. afloat. 3 Septembercolored—SeptembertoApril,inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August. WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICII : 1915 ! c