Class Book. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT (oiambiaae ditro| i (JB]lPP]NC9TT (? 1895- V NATIONAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC, PHILADELPHIA. Organized December 5, 1865. 313 Chestnut Street. DIRECTORS. WILLIAM H. RHAWN, President. WILLIAM HACKER. Coal & Canal Cos., Pa. R.R. WILLIAM B. BEMENT, Bement, Miles & Co. JAMES M. EARLE, James S. Earle & Sons. HOWARD HINCHMAN, Howard Hinchman & Son. HENRY W. SHARPLESS, Sharpless Brothers. EDWARD K. B1SPHAM, Samuel Bispham & Sons. HENRY T. MASON, Glue, Curled Hair, etc. CHARLES J. FIELD, Hardware. EDWARD H. WILSON, E. H. Wilson & Co. WILLIAM H. SCOTT, Allen, Lane & Scott. CHARLES E. PANCOAST, Attorney at Law. JOSEPH P. MUMFORD, Cashier. SOLICITOR. CHARLES E. PANCOAST. NOTARY. ALONZO P. RUTHERFORD. PRESIDENT. WILLIAM H. RHAWN. CASHIER. JOSEPH P. MUMFORD. Capital Surplus . $500,000 . $300,000 B^ d HILADELPHIA AND Its Environs. R GUIDE TO fHE GITY ANB SdRROaNDlNSS. COLUMBIKN EDITION. / J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 715 and 717 Market Street, PHILADELPHIA. \N ^ - 4> Copyright, 1893, by J. B. Lippincott Company. Blank Cook s and Pr inting BLANK BOOKS Of every description, in stock or made to order LETTER-COPYING BOOKS, A GREAT VARIETY. STENOGRAPHERS' BOOKS, ETC. OOK AND JOB PRINTING OF ALL KINDS Done in the best manner, at prices consistent with the quality of the work. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO Engraving and Illustrating BY ALL THE IMPROVED METHODS. J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia, STREETS AND HOUSE-NUMBERS. In ascertaining the location of any residence or business-house in Philadel- phia it should be borne in mind that the city is divided into squares by two sets of streets crossing each other at right angles, one set running north and south parallel with the Delaware River, the other running east and west parallel with Market Street. . , ,, The numbering of the properties on the streets running north and south com- mences at Market' Street, from which it extends both north and south ; the num- bering on the streets running east and west commences (on the line ot Market Street) at Delaware Avenue on the Delaware River and extends westward to the west boundary of the city. In all cases the first number of each consecutive square commences a new hundred, regardless of the actual number last given in the preceding square. The following tables give the streets which mark the boundaries between the squares and illustrate the system of numbering, riiey also give the distance in miles and decimals of a mile of the principal streets severally from the starting-point, and thus enable the distance from street to street, or from one point to another, to be easily calculated. 1 100 200 800 4U0 500 (il)0 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 18110 1-100 1500 1600 1700 1800 101 10 2000 2100 220(1 2800 2100 80H0 3100 8200 881X1 Principal Streets running North and South. Delaware Avenue Front Street Second Street Third Street Fourth Street — Fifth Street Sixth Street Seventh Street Eighth Street Ninth Street Tenth Street Eleventh Street Twelfth Street Thirteenth Street Broad [FourteenthJStreet Fifteenth Street Sixteenth Street Seventeenth Street Eighteenth Street Nineteenth Street Twentieth Street Twenty-first Street Twenty-second Street.. Twenty-third Street Twenty-fourth Street... Schuylkill River Thirtieth Street Thirty-first Street Thirtv-second Street... Thirty-third Street P .06 + .15— .25 + .34- .42+ .51— .59+ .68- .76— .84 + .93- 1.05+ 1.10— 1.22— 1.32 + 1.39- 1.47+ 1.56- 1.64+ 1.72 + 1.83— 1.91 + 1.98— 2.00— 2 28— 2.38 + 2.47 + 2.60 + O ci T5 32 8100 3500 3600 8700 8S0O 8900 4000 4100 4200 4800 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 49(10 5000 5100 5200 5800 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 0800 Principal Streets running North and South. Thirty-fourth Street .. Thirty-fifth Street Thirty-sixth Street Thirty-seventh Street Thirty-eighth Street... Thirty-ninth Street.... Fortieth Street Forty-first Street Forty-second Street.... Forty-third Street Forty-fourth Street Forty-fifth Street Forty-sixth Street Forty-seventh Street.. Forty-eighth Street.... Forty-ninth Street Fiftieth Street Fifty-first Street Fifty-second Street.. .. Fifty-third Street Fifty-fourth Street Fifty-fifth Street Fifty-sixth Street Fiftv-seventh Street... Fifty-eighth Street Fifty-ninth Street Sixtieth Street Sixty-first Street Sixty-second Street.... Sixty-third Street 2.71 2.80 2.85+ 2.96- 3.06 3.15— 3.27+ 3.39 3.49 + 3.60 + 3.68+ 3.77— 3.87+ 3.98- 4.08— 4.17+ 4.28 + 4.39- 4.49 + 4.60 4.70— 4.82+ 4.93— 5.03+ 5.14— 5.24+ 5.35- 5.45+ 5.56— 5.67 + (OVER.) STREETS AND HOUSE-NUMBERS. — CONTINUED. O =3 -2 0Q 100 200 300 400 500 "600 700 900 1200 1300 1400 1500 1000 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2li00 2700 2800 2! 100 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 Principal Streets North of Market Street. p Arch Street Race Street Vine Street Callowhill Street Buttonwood .Street Spring Garden Street.. Green Street Mount Vernon Street.., Wallace Street I Fairmount Avenue Brown Street Parrish Street I Poplar Street ! Girard Avenue i Thompson Street Master Street : Jefferson Street ! Oxford Street Columbia Avenue Montgomery Avenue I Berks Street ! Norris Street Diamond Street Susquehanna Avenue- Dauphin Street York Street Cumberland Street Huntingdon Street Lehigh Avenue Somerset Street Cambria Street Indiana Avenue Clearfield Street Alleghany Avenue "Westmoreland Street... Ontario Street Tioga Street Venango Street Erie Street 0.16- 0.28+ 0.41 + 0.52+ 0.65+ 0.81 + 0.86- 0.90 + 1.04- 1.09 + 1.17+ 1.26— 1.35- 1.47— 1.56- 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.96- 2.05 2.16 + 2.27- 2.38 + 2.50- 2.60- 2.70— 2.80 2.92- 3.02 + 3.13- 3.23+ 3.34— 3.45+ 3.56— 3.66 + 3.77— 3.87+ 3.99- •- CD d S 100 "200 "306 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 I 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2000 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 1300 Principal Streets South of Market Street. Chestnut Street Sansom Street Walnut Street Locust Street Spruce Street Pine Street Lombard Street South Street Bainbridge Street Fitzwater Street Catharine Street Christian Street Carpenter Street "Washington Avenue Federal Street Wharton Street Reed Street Dickinson Street Tasker Street Morris Street Moore Street Mifflin Street McKean Street Snyder Avenue Jackson Street Wolf Street Ritner Street Porter Street Shunk Street Oregon Avenue Johnson Street Bigler Street Pollock Street Packer Street Curtin Street Geary Street Hartranft Street Hoyt Street League Island is ~r^ Bait. & Ohio R.R. Station. 88 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. buildings are of the Gothic order of architecture, the church edifice representing the early English Gothic of the thirteenth century, and the auxiliary building the Gothic of a later period. At Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets, on the Schuylkill River where it is spanned by the Chestnut Street bridge, stands the passen- ger station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, an attrac- tive brick structure with brown-stone trimmings, in the Queen Anne style of architecture. It has spacious apart- ments, consisting of restaurants and separate waiting-rooms for ladies and gentlemen, on the level of Chestnut Street, whence broad de- scending stairways (with walls of glazed tiles) and elevators lead to the ticket-offices on the first floor, thirty feet below,— level with the tracks, and with Twenty-fourth Street. The station has a front of one hundred and sixty feet on Chestnut Street by a depth of one hundred and thirty-five feet, its general height being fifty-five feet above the street, with a tower finial over one hundred feet high. The train-shed connected with the station is three hundred feet long by one hundred and ten feet wide, and is lit throughout by elec- tricity. Through a close business connection between the Baltimore and Ohio and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroads, passengers for New York and for intermediate points may embark at this station, and passengers from New York, by the same trains, may land here. On Twenty-first Street, below Market, is the Armory of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, the oldest cavalry company in the country, and the oldest military association organized (November, 1774) for the special purpose of resistance to Great Britain. The building has an effective ap- pearance, resembling, with its square tower and gateway and loopholed windows, a Middle Age fortress. The exercising room is one hundred and fifty feet long and over sixty feet wide, giving ample opportunity for cavalry exercises. On Twenty-second Street, below Walnut, is the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a plain brick structure in which children under twelve years of age are received for treatment. The Hospital has eighty-seven beds, and an average of about sixty children under treatment. A country branch, for con- valescent children, has been established west of George's Hill in the Park, with excellent results. Farther south, at the north-east corner of Twenty-second and First Troop Philadelphia Cavalry. Children's Hospital. RESIDENCE ON WEST WAENTTT STREET. RITTENHOITSE SQUARE AND VICINITY. 91 Rush Hospital. Pino Streets, is another of Philadelphia's useful institutions for the care of the sick, the Rush Hospital for Consumptives. Diseases of the throat and chest, and allied disorders, are also treated. This Hospital was opened for in-door patients in 1S92. It has ten beds and a staff of four physicians. At some distance south of the Square, on Lombard Street west of Eighteenth, is the spacious new building of the Philadelphia Polyclinic , and College for Graduates in Medicine. This institution, e p 1a , f ormer jy a £ Broad and Lombard Streets, occupied its yc l c ' i new edifice in 1891. It is a four-story structure, built of sandstone, brick, and terra-eotta, and contains several clinic rooms, a lecture-hall, chemical, physiological, and microscopical laboratories, etc. Connected with it is a training-school for nurses. The great variety of diseases treated here make it an excellent school of expe- rience for medical graduates. CATHEDRA!,. VII. Logan Square and Vicinity. Logan Square, the north-west of the five principal parks reserved by William Penn for public use, and hence formerly called North- West Square, is a beautiful plot of seven and three-fourths acres, a half mile north-west from the City Hall, and occupying the square ex- tending from Race Street on the south to Vine Street on the north, and east and west from Eighteenth to Nineteenth Streets. Besides the cars on these several streets which pass the square, this locality is reached by the cars on both Arch and Callowhill Streets, which run both east and west, by the cars on Seventeenth and Twentieth Streets from the northern section of the city, and by the Market Street cars, which pass two squares away. The immediate surroundings of Lo- gan Square are mostly dwellings of a superior character, interspersed with various institutions, the striking feature of the locality being, par excellence, the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, on Eighteenth Street above Race, a fine brown-stone edifice with a front on the street of one hundred and thirty-six feet, consisting of a portico of four massive pillars sixty feet high, supporting a pediment which reaches one hundred and one feet six inches above the street. This building has an external depth of two hundred and sixteen feet, is surmounted by a dome fifty-one feet in diameter, and has an ex- treme height of two hundred and ten feet. In the interior the build- ing is cruciform, the nave being fifty-one feet wide by one hundred and eighty-two long, and the transepts fifty feet wide by one hundred and twenty-eight in length. The walls and vaulted ceilings (the lat- ter eighty feet high) are richly decorated with Bible scenes, — over the grand altar being a striking painting of the crucifixion, by Brumidi. The corner-stone of this building was laid in 1846, and in 1864 the structure was dedicated with imposing ceremonies. Flanking the Cathedral on the one hand (at Eighteenth and Race Streets) is the Cathedral School for boys, and on the other, at Eighteenth and Sum- mer Streets, is the archiepiscopal residence. Other institutions in the immediate neighborhood belonging to the same denomination 93 Roman Catholic Cathedral. Academy of Natural Sciences. 94 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. are the Catholic Home for Destitute Children, on Race Street east of Eighteenth, and that estimable charity, St. Vincent's Home, for des- titute infants and little children, at Eighteenth and Wood Streets. At No. 1815 Arch Street is the attractive brown-stone, rock-finished building of the Academy of the Sacred Heart, a flourishing Catholic institution. At the corner of Nineteenth and Race Streets stands one of the most widely-known institutions of the city, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. This society, the oldest of its kind in America, began its career in 1812, successively occupy- ing several locations until, in 1876, it removed to its present edifice. The building is a massive Gothic struc- ture in green serpentine, adjoining which is a neat lecture-hall, in which courses of popular scientific lectures are annu- ally given. The museum having proved inadequate to display the extensive collections of the Academy, there has recently been added a large wing, with a front of one hundred feet on Nineteenth Street, a depth in part of one hundred and thirty feet, and Ave stories in height. A second wing, fifty by one hundred and thirty feet, on Cherry Street, is projected. These additions will give immense museum space, and aid the Academy to sustain the reputation which it has long held, — that of being the foremost scientific institution in this country. The natural history materials of the museum are enor- mous in every field of biology. The collection of birds was until within the past twenty years unequalled by that of any museum in Europe. The collection of shells lias nowhere, except in the British Museum, a rival in scientific value and completeness, while its recent addition of the shells of the United States, fossil and recent, made by the American Conchological Association, is unique and invaluable. Each of the other branches of biology is abundantly represented, while the scientific material collected by the Pennsylvania State Geological Survey, and here deposited, is of the highest interest and value. Another feature of importance is the bacteriological labora- tory, which is one of the best equipped in this country. The library contains over thirty thousand volumes, numbers of them being su- perbly illustrated works. It is considered the most complete library of natural history in the United States. The Academy has long been prominent in scientific movements, the most recent of which was the eminently successful Peary Greenland expedition, sent out under its auspices, and which has added to its museum a magnificent collec- WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. SCHUYLKILL NAVY ATHLETIC CLUB, 1620-28 ARCH STREET. Women's Christian Association LOGAN SQUARE AND VICINITY. 97 tion of the biological and ethnological treasures of Greenland. No visitor to the city should fail to see this admirable institution. On the south-west corner of Eighteenth and Arch Streets stands the handsome and spacious new building of the Women's Christian Association, one of the leading architectural features of this section of the city. Covering an extensive ground space, and nine stories in height, it affords ample opportunities for the useful work of this society, which has for its object "the temporal, moral, and religious welfare of women, especially young women who are dependent upon their own exertions for support." The building, which has a granite base and buff brick superstructure, contains an employment office, an industrial school, a restaurant, library, and other advantages for the young women who find a home here at low rates of board. The Association maintains a college at Asbury Park for the benefit of its boarders, and is in charge of the " Whelen Home for Girls," at Bristol, Pennsylvania, designed as a temporary summer home for working girls. East of this locality, on the south side of Arch Street, midway between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets, is the imposing building of the Schuylkill Navy Athletic Club, one of the handsomest and best- equipped club-houses in the city. This building, constructed from designs by Willis G. Hale, is five stories high, with a front of forty- five feet, and a depth of one hundred and forty-five feet, is built of Indiana limestone, with a granite base, and is surmounted by a man- sard roof of Spanish tiles, having a tower fiuial reaching one hundred and nineteen feet above the pavement. Its apartments include, be- sides the parlor and reading-room, a main hall thirty-two by forty- two feet in extent, bowling-alleys, swimming-pool, barber-shop, a large billiard-room, lavatories, etc. A gymnasium forty-two by one hundred and forty-three feet, and a running-track, are on the upper floors. On the fifth floor is a racquet court and a summer pavilion forty-five by sixty-five feet, covered with canvas. The house is said to be one of the most perfect of its kind in the country. Fronting Logan Square on the south, at No. 1810 Race Street, are the attractive building and grounds of the Wills Eye Hospital, the outcome of a bequest to the city by James Wills, who died in 1825, leaving a legacy for the erection of a free hospital for the treatment of diseases of the eye. This institution has a corps of ten eminent specialists, with as many assist- ant surgeons, and is of the greatest utility, there having been treated Wills Eye Hospital. Orthopaedic Hospital. 98 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. here during the past year twelve thousand two hundred and eighty- patients, while two thousand seven hundred and sixty-three opera- tions were performed. In the immediate neighborhood of the Cathedral, at the corner of Seventeenth and Summer Streets, stands the Philadelphia Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, first estab- lished in 1867, as the Philadelphia Orthopaedic Hospital, for the treatment of club-foot, spinal and hip diseases, and other bodily deformities, its scope being afterwards (in 1870) enlarged so as to include the treatment of nervous diseases. Subse- quently (in 1886) the original hospital buildings were torn down, and the present edifice was erected, combining all that art and science, ingenuity and experience could suggest in securing the best hospital accommodation. The visitor will be amply repaid for whatever time he can devote to a tour through the buildings. At a short distance south of this locality, on Cherry Street, west of Seventeenth Street, is situated the Medico-Chirurgical College and Hospital, consisting of college and laboratory buildings, and an attractive hospital building, of brick and rock- faced stone.. This association has been in existence twelve years, and lays claim to a high standard of med- ical education, the faculty consisting of eleven profes- sors and a corps of thirty instructors. The hospital contains one hundred and fifty beds. Occupying the eastward section of this large group of buildings is the Philadelphia Dental College, an institution chartered in 1863, and formerly located at No. 108 North Tenth Street. It is a flourishing college, with a large number of students. Operations are per- formed in Oral Surgery in connection with the Medico-Chirurgical Hospital, with which this College is closely affiliated. Westward from Logan Square, at Race and Twentieth Streets, is the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, which was I founded in 1833, and has since pursued a highly useful career. It occupies spacious grounds and buildings, in sy um. | ^.^jgjj ^ ne inmates are instructed in the plain branches of an English education and in music, and are taught several indus- tries. Adjoining the Blind Asylum, on Twenty-first Street, with grounds extending from Race to Summer Streets, is the four-story building of the Asylum of the Magdalen Society, an institution founded about 1800 for the reclamation of fallen women. It has room for Medico- Chirurgical College and Hospital. Philadelphia Dental College. 100 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Preston Retreat. thirty initiates. A similar institution, the Asylum of the Rosine As- sociation, situated at No. 3216 Germantown Avenue, has accommo- dations for about the same number of inmates. At some distance north of Logan Square, on Hamilton Street, oc- cupying the space between Twentieth and Twenty-first Streets, are the ample grounds of another of the many admirable charitable institutions in this vicinity, the Preston Re- treat. Its origin is due to a legacy left by Dr. Jonas Preston, in 1836, to build and endow a lying-in home for poor married women. The institution possesses a handsome white marble building, with a stately Doric portico, surrounded by well-shaded and attractive grounds. It has accommodations for about thirty inmates. An important projected improvement to the section under con- sideration is a broad and handsome Boulevard, to run diagonally from the City Hall to Fairinount Reservoir, with a width of one hundred and sixty feet, bordered by dwellings of the highest order of architectural beauty. This Boule- vard will cross Logan Square, and will afford a direct approach from the centre of the city to Fairmount Park. It cannot fail to prove a highly-attractive addition to the city. The Boulevard. Sis^HS? Academy of Music. VIII. Broad and Locust Streets and Vicinity. The vicinity of Broad and Locust Streets, famous as the site of numerous institutions of note, is easily reached by street-cars from almost all sections of the city ; from the extreme northern and south- ern parts by the cars of the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Streets line, from the east by the cars up Walnut or Pine Street, from Fairmount or the south-west (Gray's Ferry) by the Spruce and Pine Streets line, and from West Philadelphia by the various lines that converge and run eastward on Chestnut or Market Street. Situated at the south- west corner of Broad and Locust Streets is the American Academy of Music, erected in 1856 and held to be intrinsically the finest music- hall in America. It is capable of seating two thousand nine hundred persons, and has a stage ninety feet wide by seventy-two and one-half feet deep, affording abun- dant room for the production of operatic and dramatic representations. Its superior acoustic properties make it a favorite both with actors and audiences, and here the brightest stars of the stage are wont to delight assemblies which, in point of numbers, culture, and fashion, compare favorably with like gatherings in any other part of the world. A few doors above the Academy (No. 220 South Broad Street) is the beautiful building of the Art Club of Philadelphia, of Pompeian brick and elaborately carved Indiana lime-stone, having a main front on Broad Street of sixty-four feet, with an overhanging loggia of stone, and a side-front on Brighton Street of one hundred and sixteen feet, and claimed to be the only specimen of pure Renaissance architecture in Philadelphia. A picture-gallery, forty by sixty-four feet, devoted to the exhibition of paintings, with a beautifully decorated mantel of English red-stone and wood-work of cherry, is located upon the second floor, besides which the building contains a smaller exhibition gallery for water- colors and minor works of art, a cafe and restaurant, a reception- room and parlors common to all the members of the club, and a re- ception-room and restaurant for the exclusive use of ladies belonging to the families of members. In the picture-gallery are annually given several exhibitions of high interest to lovers of the fine arts. 102 Philadelphia Art Club. Horticul- tural Hail. 104 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Opposite the Academy of Music are two of the newer places of amusement of the city, — the Empire and the Broad Street Theatres,— and adjoining it, on the south, stands Horticultural Hall, the building of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, an institu- tion founded in 1827, and, like so many other Phila- delphia enterprises, the first of its kind in this country, j The Hall is periodically used for exhibitions of the floral triumphs of the amateur and professional horticulturists of the city and its vicinity, which are shown here to excellent advantage, and are a source of great interest to lovers of flowers. Locust Street, east of Broad, is the seat of some old and notable institutions. At 1324 Locust Street is the Episcopal Academy (the " Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the city of Philadel- phia"), one of the leading preparatory schools of the city. Founded in 1785, and chartered by the Legislature of the Commonwealth in 1787, it has had over a century of active and useful existence. At the north-west corner of Locust and Juniper Streets stands the main building of the Philadelphia Library Company, which was founded in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin and his associates of the "Junto" Club. This — the first subscription library established in America — was originally located near Second and Market Streets, afterwards received temporary quarters in the State House and Carpenters' Hall, until, eventually, in 1789, a building was erected for it on Fifth Street below Chestnut, on a lot now covered by the Drexel Building. Here it remained until 1880, when it was removed to its present site into a commodious building, which has been rendered still more spacious by an extensive addition, for which it is indebted to a liberal donation from Henry C. Lea, Esq. In its management the Philadelphia Library is, and always has been, practically a free library, any person, though a non-member, being entitled, when within its walls, to all the privileges of the members themselves, and being allowed, under certain regulations, to take books to his home on the payment of a trifling charge. This system of free use of the books was adopted at the inception of the library, at a time when a free library had hardly been thought of anywhere. The number of volumes in the library at present is approximately one hundred and seventy-five thousand. The important branch of this institution known as "The Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia Library," located at Broad and Christian Streets, is described on a later page. Philadelphia Library. Pennsylvania Historical Society. 106 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. In this immediate vicinity, at the south-west corner of Thirteenth and Locust Streets, are the fine apartments of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, formerly the mansion of the late General Robert Patterson, and after his death acquired by the Society and improved for its present purposes by the erection of an assembly-hall for meetings and the construction of fire-proof rooms for the more valuable treasures of the Society ; the whole outlay aggregating about $100,000. The Society was founded in 1824 ; the new hall was inaugurated in 1884. Tbe Historical Society has been diligent in the collection of the treasures of provincial lore, its library containing invaluable material for the history of Pennsylvania and elsewhere. Chief among these are the extensive Tower Collection of Colonial Laws ; books printed in Phila- delphia from 1685 to 1785 (seventeen hundred and ninety-six vol- umes) ; a large collection of Colonial newspapers ; an extensive series of genealogies and local histories of the Middle and Southern States ; American political history from 1682 to 1789 (three thousand pam- phlets) ; ninety-four volumes of manuscripts relating to the Penn family, 1681 to 1817 ; and the Maclure collection of books relating to the French Revolution (eighteen hundred and ten volumes). In addition to these literary treasures, the Society possesses numerous valuable prints and paintings and a host of other relics of Colonial Pennsylvania, its rooms being amply worthy a visit from those inter- ested in historical material. At the north-east corner of Thirteenth and Locust Streets is the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, a medical association incorpo- rated in 1789, its object being "to advance the science of medicine." Many of the foremost physicians of Philadelphia are included among its members. There is a lectureship supported by it, and at its monthly meetings addresses are delivered and papers read. From time to time volumes of Trans- actions are published. A very large and valuable medical library — open for use daily except Sundays and holidays— and an important museum of anatomical and pathological specimens are among the possessions of the College. The library is, with the exception of the surgeon-general's library at Washington, the largest and most com- plete medical library in the United States. A stone's throw distant, at the north-west corner of Thirteenth and Walnut Streets, stands the plain building of the Philadelphia Club, probably the oldest and most exclusive social organization of College of Physicians. BROAD AND LOCUST STREETS AND VICINITY. 107 Philadelphia Club. University Club. the kind in the city, having been formed more than half a century ago, and reckoning among its members many of the leading citizens of Philadelphia. No persons residing in Philadelphia, except members, are allowed to visit the club, and no non-resident visitors are admitted except upon introduction by a member. A few doors to the westward, on the opposite side of Walnut Street (No. 1316), is the handsome new building of the University Club, an association of some three hundred and fifty members, mostly professional gentlemen, and all college graduates. The building, designed by Mr. Wilson Eyre, is of a Spanish-Moorish style of architecture, lately coming much into vogue. This vicinity is, indeed, to some extent, a club centre. In addition to the clubs named may be added the Clover Club, meeting at the Bellevue Hotel ; the Contemporary Club, holding its sessions in the Art Club rooms ; the Acorn Club (a ladies' association), at 1504 Walnut Street ; the Unitarian Club, at 124 South Twelfth Street ; the Sketch Club, at Eleventh and Walnut Streets ; the Journalists' Club, at 904 Walnut Street ; while a number of others, political or social, meet near here. At 211 South Twelfth Street is the Philopatrian Hall, head-quarters of the Philopatrian Literary Institute, an association of young men of the Roman Catholic Church which is held in high repute by that denomination. Howard Hospital. IX. South Broad Street and Vicinity. That section of Broad Street extending southward from Pine Street, and known to Philadelphians as South Broad, possesses only to a moderate degree those splendid architectural improvements that I characterize the central and northern sections of that thoroughfare, though here and there through the entire extent of the built-up portions handsome churches and other public institutions and com- fortable dwellings are found. In the square on Broad Street from ij Lombard to South Streets are some striking examples of a more or less lavish expenditure in the construction of private mansions, and in this vicinity are numerous churches of various denominations. At the corner of Broad and Catharine Streets is that excellent institution, the Howard Hospital and Infirmary for Incurables, which was founded in 1854, under the name of the "Western Clinical Infirmary," its present name having been adopted five years later. An average of about five thousand patients are registered at this hospital per annum, and more than two hundred thousand have been treated since its foundation. Opposite the Howard Hospital, on the west side of Broad Street, extending from Christian to some distance north of Catharine, is the new site selected for the Jefferson Medical College and Hospital, where ample and thoroughly adapted buildings for the needs of this insti- tution are expected to be ready for occupancy in October, 1898. Every modern convenience for a thorough medical training will be provided, so that the well-earned reputation of the College cannot but be en- hanced by the change of locality. On the east side of Broad Street, occupying the grounds bounded by Broad, Christian, Thirteenth, and Carpenter Streets, stands, in a 1 kind of solitary grandeur, the colossal granite edifice g wa Y known as the Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia rary. j Lib rar y ; a k e q Ue gt by the late Dr. James Rush to the Library, — a magnificent gift, embodying the proceeds of an estate of an aggregate value of about one million dollars, which have been so expended as to produce a stately monument of architecture almost, or quite, unrivalled among American library buildings. The institu- 108 Third Regiment Armory. Home for Destitute Children. St. Agnes's Hospital. 110 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. tion was named in the will of the donor in honor of his wife (the daughter of Jacob Ridgway, a wealthy Philadelphia merchant), from whom he received the major portion of the estate thus bequeathed. The building is finely appointed within, and is made the receptacle of the less used books and treasures of the Library, some of them of great antiquarian value ; besides which, in a room set apart for the purpose, are kept certain costly articles of furniture which once belonged to Mrs. Rush, and in another apartment is contained the tomb of Dr. and Mrs. Rush. On the east side of Broad, near Wharton Street, is the fine Armory of the Third Regiment (National Guard of Pennsylvania), whose ample interior extent admirably adapts it to drill purposes. Its great size rendered it the only building suitable for the recent grand Fair of the Teachers' Annuity Fund, whose results provided a satisfactory endowment for this praiseworthy purpose. Several squares southward from this point, at the corner of Broad and Morris Streets, stands the new building of the Southern Home for Destitute Children, a highly useful charity, which has been in existence since 1841, has had over four thousand five hundred inmates, and has placed hundreds in com- fortable homes. Long located at Twelfth and Fitzwater Streets, it occupied its new building in 1891. This is a spacious, four- storied structure, of light-colored brick-work, excellently adapted to its purpose, and provided with ample play-grounds for its inmates, who number about one hundred. On the west side of Broad Street, with grounds extending from Mifflin to McKean Streets (Nos. 1900 to 2000), stands St. Agnes's Hos- pital, a Roman Catholic institution, erected through the generosity of leading members of that denomination. The building, designed in the Romanesque style of architecture, has excellent accommodations for patients, and is in every respect admirably appointed. This institution is conducted by the Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis. Three squares south of St. Agnes's Hospital, on grounds extend- ing from Broad Street to Thirteenth, and from Wolf Street to Ritner (Nos. 2300 to 2400 South Broad), is the site of the Methodist Episcopal Hospital in the City of Philadelphia, which owes its ex- istence to a bequest from Dr. Scott Stewart, a physician of Philadelphia, who died in 1881, leaving his estate "as Methodist Hospital. » I ill i 1 11 SOUTH BROAD STREET AND VICINITY. 113 a nucleus for the erection of a hospital, to be established in that part of the city south of South Street," and "to be under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church." The lot contains five acres of ground, on which it is designed to erect six hospital pavilions, with a total capacity of three hundred and fifty beds. One of these, with a capacity of seventy beds, is now completed and in operation, together with an administration and other buildings. The Hospital was for- mally dedicated on April 21, 1892. It is open to all races and creeds, and without charge to those unable to pay, it being supported mainly by private contributions and church collections. Broad Street extends about two miles below this point, to League Island, ending in the United States Navy- Yard at that location. Here we reach the junction of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, near which, on Penrose Ferry Road, is Point Breeze Park, the well- known racing-grounds. There is here a well-laid, solid track, on which some of the finest trotters in this country have tried their speed. Near by, at the mouth of the Schuylkill, are the Girard Point Elevators, one of which has a capacity of about one million bushels of grain, the other of seven hundred and fifty thousand bushels. Of the buildings in the vicinity of South Broad Street, the most important is the Philadelphia county prison, known as Moyamensing Prison, a massive square building of the Tudor style of English Gothic castle architecture. It is situated at Tenth and Reed Streets, and consists of a central square building with wings on either side, in which are accommoda- tions for about five hundred prisoners. It is often much overcrowded, and a new county prison is now being erected on Pennypack Creek, near the House of Correction. Of the ground originally purchased for the county prison, an un- used portion was long used as a parade ground, and part of this, bounded by Wharton, Reed, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Streets, has been converted into a public square, known as Passyunk Square, — a pleasant place of resort for the neighboring inhabitants. Moyamen- sing Prison. X Naval Asylum and Vicinity. Pleasantly situated on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, at Bainbridge Street and Gray's Ferry Road, perhaps a mile and a half south-west of the City Hall, is the United States Naval Asylum, a home for those retired man-of-war's men whose term of service (twenty years) entitles them to admission. The principal buildings of the Asylum are a main edifice Naval Asylum. UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM AND HOSPITAL. (called the " Home"), a commodious residence for the governor of the Asylum, and a surgeon's residence,— the Home consisting of a centre building with wings at either hand, and having an entire length of 8 115 116 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. three hundred and eighty feet, with accommodations for about three hundred people. On the front a flight of marble steps leads to the main entrance, where is a handsome portico of eight Ionic columns support- ing a pediment. In the centre building of the Home are the chapel, opposite the entrance, and other general apartments, the rooms of the residents being in the wings, each lodger occupying a separate room, for the order of which he is responsible. A new extension on the rear is intended for rooms for the attendants. The wings are sym- metrical, and terminate in pavilions, or transverse buildings, at each end furnished with broad covered verandas on each of the two main floors. A fine attic and basement complete the building, which is most substantially constructed in every part. The marble staircases are especially noticeable for their ingenious construction and economy of space. The ceilings of two floors are vaulted in solid masonry, and the room used as a muster-room and chapel is a remarkably high- domed apartment. This institution is, in the true sense of the word, an asylum, — a place of rest and recuperation for "decrepit and dis- abled naval officers, seamen, and marines." Within the well-kept grounds of the Asylum, about twenty-five acres in extent, is also a government Naval Hospital, a fine building of brick, with brown- stone trimmings, having accommodations for some three hundred and fifty patients, and where members of the naval service of all degrees of rank, whether be- longing to this asylum or sent here from other stations, are admitted. These institutions are conveniently reached by the cars which run out Pine or South Street, aud from the vicinity of Fairmount the Spruce Street cars for Gray's Ferry Bridge pass the grounds. A short distance beyond the Naval Asylum, also on Gray's Ferry Road, surrounded by high walls of brick and stone, are the grounds of the Schuylkill Arsenal, an old-time establishment, once, perhaps, an arsenal proper, but now little more than a huge government clothing manufactory — giv- ing employment to hundreds of operatives at their homes in making up army clothing. The grounds of the arsenal (about eight acres) are well laid out and shaded, the buildings are plain, the principal ones being arranged around a circular plot, — one of them, known as the museum, containing a curious collection of wax figures dressed to represent the uniforms of the United States army at various periods. Beyond the Arsenal, on Gray's Ferry Road, near where that thor- oughfare reaches the bridge across the Schuylkill River, are located Naval Hospital. Schuylkill Arsenal. Bethany Church. NAVAL ASYLUM AND VICINITY. 117 extensive industrial establishments, principally devoted to the manu- facture of paints, chemicals, and kindred products, the chief among which are the works of Harrison Brothers & Co., whose specialties are paints, acids, etc., and the Kalion Chemical Company, extensive manu- facturers of glycerine products. In the vicinity of the Naval Asylum, at Twenty-second and Bain- bridge Streets, is the popular Bethany Presbyterian Church, which is worthy of mention for its rapid increase in member- ship and the remarkable growth of its Sunday-school, which has nearly three thousand scholars. This noted Sunday-school building is a brown-stone Gothic structure, one hun- dred and thirty-eight feet by one hundred and eighty-five feet in extent, having within its walls a series of class-rooms, lecture-rooms, chapels, and other apartments. Connected with this establishment are various secular institutions, an evening school, a dispensary, etc. Following the Schuylkill, at a short distance below the Naval Asylum we reach Gray's Ferry Bridge, the locality of a well-known old-time ferry, now crossed by a branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. I On the west side of the river at this point, occupying j a somewhat elevated tract, is the notable Bartram's | Garden, a locality of great interest to botanists and lovers of nature. Here, in 1731, John Bartram, the celebrated bota- nist, fixed his abode, the quaint old stone mansion, largely built by his own hands, being one of the interesting features of the locality. Bartram established here the most widely-known botanic garden ever opened in America. It was singularly rich in American and foreign trees and shrubs, not a few of which still remain, the most noteworthy among them being an immense cypress-tree, said to have been brought from Florida by Bartram in 1749. Bartram's Garden is now a city park, having been purchased by the city for that pur- pose. Its interesting features will be strictly maintained, and there is much in it worthy of a visit. Following the Schuylkill still farther southward, we reach the locality of the extensive Point Breeze Gas-Works, which are situated on the east bank of the river, on the line of Passyunk Avenue. These are much the most extensive gas- works in the city, and are believed to be the largest in the world. Their equipment includes an immense telescopic gas- holder, one hundred and sixty feet in diameter and ninety-five feet high. The city possesses several other gas-works, of which the most Bartram's Garden. Point-Breeze Gas-Works. 118 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Oil Refineries. important is that at Market Street wharf, on the Schuylkill River, from which the main supply of the city was received until its great growth rendered necessary a much more productive plant. This locality is also of interest from the extensive oil refineries which are here situated, there being visible on both sides of the river groups of great iron tanks, for the storage of crude and refined oil. The pipe line from the oil region termi- nates at this point. The facilities for loading oil are very great. One of the largest tank steamers, with a capacity of one million five hundred thousand gallons, can be loaded in ten hours. These oil-works have been the scene of several extensive fires, among the most destructive that have visited the city of recent years. But the business is too important to let the ravages of fire diminish its activity, and each conflagration is quickly followed by a rebuilding, with improved and increased productive facilities. Baldwin Locomotive Works. XL Broad and Spring Garden Streets and Vicinity. The vicinity of Broad and Spring Garden Streets, for decades devoted to a class of industries which have made the locality famous, is still the home of many of those gigantic concerns which years ago gave it its reputation. Here, prominent among their surroundings, and eminently worthy of their world-wide fame, are the Baldwin Locomotive-Works, now under the proprietorship of Burnham, Williams & Co., a vast establishment, which was founded in 1881 by Matthias W. Baldwin, and has grown from an humble origin into the immense industry which so honorably perpetuates the name of its founder. The works at present cover an area of fourteen acres, and employ nearly five thousand men, while they have the enormous productive capacity of one thousand locomotives a year. In 1892 the firm completed its thirteen thousandth locomotive. The principal departments of these works run continuously, night and day, they being lighted by two thousand eight hundred electric lamps. It is an interesting fact that the lightest locomotive built in these works weighed five thousand one hundred pounds, the heaviest one hundred and ninety-five thou- sand pounds,' or seventy-six tons (about one hundred tons with the tender). This establishment is the largest locomotive-building works in the world, and one of the leading points of attraction to strangers visiting the city. Several other extensive, and numerous small, industrial establish- ments add to the interest of this vicinity. On Hamilton Street, extending from Sixteenth to Seventeenth Streets, is the extensive machine-tool manufactory of William Sellers & Co., founded in 1848, and one of the largest of its kind in the country. On Callowhill Street, with the same extent, are the Whitney Car-Wheel Works, which are equally notable in their specialty. At Sixteenth and Buttonwood Streets are the Bush Hill Iron-Works, engaged in the production of boilers and heavy furnace ecpupments. Various other industrial establishments may be seen in this neighborhood, while east of Broad Street occur numerous others, the most important of 119 School of Industrial Art. BROAD AND SPRING GARDEN STREETS AND VICINITY. 121 them being the extensive Hoopes & Townsend Bolt- Works, on But- tonwood Street east from Broad, in which this branch of manufacture is conducted on the largest scale. In addition to its importance as an industrial centre, the vicinity of Broad and Spring Garden Streets is also notable as an educational centre, the high and normal schools of the public-school system, with other prominent educational institutions, being located here. At No. 1336 Spring Garden Street are the class-rooms of " The Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art," an institution incorporated in 1876, " with a special view to the devel- opment of the art industries of the State." Here is given instruction in drawing from casts and models ; in wood-carving ; in weaving and textile design, in- cluding the construction of looms ; in chemistry and dyeing ; in dec- orative painting, including the grinding and preparation of colors ; in modelling, etc. Connected with this institution is the museum at Memorial Hall, in Fairmount Park. The present building being too contracted for the purposes of the School, it is designed to remove it, in the near future, to a more suitable locality. At the north-east corner of Broad and Spring Garden Streets stands the building of the Spring Garden Institute, a semi-charitable institution, which maintains a library and free reading-room, courses of free lec- tures and entertainments, night-schools in drawing and mechanical handiwork at a nominal fee, and day- schools in drawing and painting at a charge to pupils of about the cost of maintenance. To these has been recently added a day-school for the purpose of instruction in general wood- and metal-work. The number of pupils in the session of 1891-92 was seven hundred and eighty-seven, mainly engaged in the study of drawing. One square north, at the south-east- corner of Broad and Green Streets, is the Central High School, for boys, a plain brick structure, erected in 1854, with accommodations for about six hun- dred and fifty students. In addition to the usual class- rooms, the building possesses an observatory, with astronomical instruments. This building has become inadequate for its purpose, and an extension, or replacement by a new school building, is contemplated. The course of study occupies four years. Not far removed from the Hi°;h School are two more recent Spring Garden Institute. Central High School. Girls' Normal Schools. 122 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. structures for a similar purpose, the Girls' Normal Schools. The earlier of these, that situated at Seventeenth and Spring Garden Streets, is a spacious structure of green serpentine, five stories high, and with class-room for more than fifteen hundred pupils. Adjoining and connected with this is a School of Practice (in the art of teaching), capable of containing about six hundred pupils, making in all over two thou- sand scholars under one administration. To this is now being added another school of equal dimensions, at the north-west corner of Thir- teenth and Spring Garden Streets, replacing the well-known Spring Garden Hall. This is a massive and spacious granite building, four stories high, and covering a ground space of one hundred and fifty by one hundred and seventy-eight feet. Interiorly forty class-rooms and accommodations for two thousand pupils have been provided, together with the best modern conveniences for school purposes. It will be ready for use in the 1893-94 school year, when the School of Prac- tice will be transferred to this building. Another important adjunct of the high-school system of Phila- delphia is the newly-established Manual Training-School, at Seven- teenth and Wood Streets. The purpose of this depart- ment of the public-school system (opened in 1885) is " to afford to pupils who have finished the grammar-school course the opportunity not only to pursue the usual High-School course in literature, science, and mathematics, but also to receive a thorough course in drawing, and in the use and application of tools in the industrial arts." The prescribed order of exercises is to give "one hour per day to drawing, two hours to shop-work, and three hours to the usual academic studies." This school has proved so popular that it has been found necessary to open another of the same class, on Howard Street, below Girard Avenue, and still others may before long become necessary. Of buildings devoted to other purposes than industry and education in this vicinity, one of the most striking is the new club-house of the Caledonian Club, at the north-east corner of Spring Garden and Thirteenth Streets, a handsome and roomy structui'e, six stories high and with ample ground area. It is built of brick and red sandstone, and contains, in addition to the club-rooms, a gymnasium, running track, swimming-pool, bowling- alley, and all the requisites of a first-class club-house. The club is an athletic society, devoted to Scottish games. Manual Training- School. Caledonian Club. BKOAD AND SPRING GARDEN STREETS AND VICINITY. 123 On the north side of Spring Garden Street, west of Thirteenth, is the Lu Lu Temple, occupying the former St. Philip's Church, which lias been adapted to the purposes of the Order. This Order is affiliated with that of the Free Masons to the extent that every member must be a Mason, though beyond this there is no connection. On Broad Street, at the corner of Callowhill, is the Armory of the First Regiment National Guards of Pennsylvania, a castellated Gothic building three stories in height. The base of the structure is of rock- faced mason-work surmounted by walls of brick, the trimmings to the windows and doors, etc., being of dressed stone. The principal en- trance on Broad Street is flanked by two towers rising to a height of one hundred and twenty feet. The front or main building is sixty- five by one hundred and thirty-eight feet, and contains officers' rooms, and companies' rooms, squad drill-room, drum-corps room, kitchen, and billiard-room, besides dressing-rooms and store-rooms. The drill- room on the first floor is one hundred and thirty-nine by one hundred and fifty-five feet, with gun-racks at the eastern end, and a gallery for visitors at the western end. Northward on Broad Street are a number of churches, of which the most striking in architectural effect is the Hebrew Synagogue, Rodef Shalom, at the corner of Mount Vernon Street. This is built of stone of various colors, and presents a fine example of Saracenic architecture. Farther north, at the corner of Fairmount Avenue, is the Park Theatre, a well-appointed place of amusement, with seats for twenty-two hundred persons. Diagonally opposite, on the south-west corner of Broad Street and Fairmount Avenue, is the attractive build- ing of the American Trust Company and Saving Fund, which presents an odd and effective combination of granite and brown-stone. XII. North Broad Street and Vicinity. North Broad Street, the finest section of one of the finest thoroughfares in the world, is pre-eminently a street of luxurious homes and handsome churches. Among its dwellings there are not a few which, for architectural excellence, are well worthy of remark. It is rendered more attractive by its many beautiful gardens, open in whole or in part to the street, and by its wide and smooth asphalt pavement, which makes this avenue one of the favorite carriage- drives of Philadelphia. As a whole, this section of Broad Street is one that has few rivals in American cities. In passing up this avenue, above the section already reviewed, numbers of fine churches are met, while of other institutions the first encountered is the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital, situated on Broad Street below Girard Avenue. It has a dispensary for both children and adults. At 1240 North Broad Street is La Salle College (Roman Catholic). It was incorporated in 1863, occupies excellent and ample buildings, and takes rank as one of the best institutions of its class in the city. At the south-west corner of Broad and Master Streets stands the large and well-adapted building of the Philadelphia School of Design for Women, the foremost institution of its kind in this country. Founded in 1847, it was established in 1863 at the corner of Merrick and Filbert Streets. This property being taken for the new Pennsylvania Rail- road Station, the Edwin Forrest mansion, at Broad and Master Streets, was purchased and adapted to the purposes of the School by the building of a large additional structure. The institution, which has several hundred pupils, is in a flourishing condition, giving full instruction in the various branches of industrial art and in the ele- ments of the fine arts. It is well worth a visit by all interested in the higher education of women. A short distance above, at the north-west corner of Broad and Oxford Streets, is the new edifice of the Columbia Club, one of the 125 School of Design for Women Grand Opera House. Keneseth Israel Synagogue. 126 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. handsomest club buildings in the city. It is built of light-buff brick, with brown-stone base and trimmings. At Broad Street and Colum- bia Avenue stands the ornate and attractive, building of the Columbia Avenue Savings-Fund, Safe Deposit, Title and Trust Company. Just above, at the corner of Broad Street and Montgomery Avenue, may be seen the Grand Opera House, one of the largest and most comfort- able places of amusement in the city, and a favorite place of resort for the admirers of summer opera. Directly opposite this building are two churches which are worthy of special mention. On the south-east corner of Mont- gomery Avenue is the Church of the Messiah (Universalist), a beauti- fully ornate Gothic stone structure. Adjoining it on the south is the new Keneseth Israel Synagogue, of the Reformed Israel- ite congregation, hitherto located at Sixth and Brown Streets. This edifice is built of Indiana limestone, in. the Italian Renaissance style, has a front of one hun- dred and twenty feet on Broad Street, with a handsome campanile one hundred and twenty feet in height, and a cut-glass central dome of one hundred and twelve feet in height. The edifice presents a highly-attractive appearance. It has seats for about seventeen hun- dred persons. At the south-east corner of Broad and Berks Street stands the widely-known Grace Baptist Church, one of the largest, most elabo- rate, and most costly places of worship in the United States. This edifice, locally known as "The Temple," is a Romanesque building, of Avondale limestone, with Indiana limestone trimmings, and is a great ornament to the section of the city where it stands. It has seats for over three thousand people. Connected with this church is Temple College, in which instruction is given to a large number of young persons at a very moderate cost. Directly opposite Grace Church is the main entrance to the Monument Cemetery, so named from the fine monu- ment in its centre to the memory of Washington and Lafayette. On the west side of Broad Street, above Diamond Street, is the location designed for the new armory of the Second Regiment National Guards of Pennsylvania, at present located in the National Guards' Hall, Race Street near Sixth. There has been secured here a lot three hundred and five feet front by two hundred feet deep, on which it is proposed to erect a building equal in its facilities for drill and other regimental requirements to the best armories now in existence, and Grace Baptist Church. Base-Ball Park. 128 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. defensible against any ordinary attack. It will probably be built during tbe year 1893. Farther north may be seen several institutions of interest in the vicinity of Broad Street. These are chiefly of a charitable character, though among them is the Philadelphia Base-Ball Park, the spacious and well-appointed grounds of the Phila- delphia Club, and the favorite place of resort in Phila- delphia for the many lovers of this specially American game. It is situated at Fifteenth and Huntingdon Streets. On Lehigh Avenue, at the corner of Twenty-first Street, stands the Municipal Hospital, a city institution for the treatment of sniall- I pox and other infectious diseases. It succeeds the City Municipal j Hospital founded in 1818, and situated on Fairmount Hospital, j Avenue from Nineteenth to Twentieth Streets. The present building was occupied in 1865. It is a large stone edifice, with a front length of two hundred and eighty feet. Not far distant, at Twentieth Street and Lehigh Avenue, are the Medical, Surgical, and Maternity Hospitals of the Women's Homoeo- pathic Association of Philadelphia, an institution under the control of a board of women managers, and receives paying and non-paying patients of any creed and color. On the east side of Broad. Street, above Ontario Street, may be seen the edifice of a recently-established institution, the Samaritan Hospital, founded in 1891 by Be v. Bussell H. Con well, of the Grace Baptist Church. The Hospital occupies a large double house of four- teen rooms, surrounded by grounds which are tastefully laid out in flower-beds, lawns, walks, etc., the whole establishment seeming rather like a private home than an hospital. It was opened for patients on February 1, 1892, with a capacity of twenty beds and a dispensary department. The need of such an institution is shown by the fact that it is occupied to its full capacity. Persons of any creed, nation- ality, or color are admitted. On Lehigh Avenue, between Thirteenth and Broad Streets, is the Home for Aged and Infirm Methodists, an excellent example of insti- tutions of its class. It has accommodation for about one hundred inmates, and occupies spacious and handsome stone buildings. On Broad Street north of Clearfield (Nos. 3331 to 3337) is the Masonic Home of Pennsylvania, an institution founded in 1884 as the "Home for Free and Accepted Masons." The number of inmates at date of last report was twenty- Masonic Home. Odd-Fel- lows' Home NORTH BROAD STREET AND VICINITY. 131 nine, constituting the few persons subject to charitable care of the forty-two thousand Masons of Pennsylvania. The institution is sup- ported by voluntary contributions from members and Lodges. Another institution worthy of note in the vicinity of North Broad Street is the Odd- Fellows' Home, at Seventeenth and Tioga Streets, established in 1875, and one of the best institutions of its class. No money has been spent here for architectural effect, but all contributions have been devoted to the purpose intended. This Home is not in any proper sense a charity, us each inmate has paid for years into an annuity fund, and has a claim to admission. It contains at present about sixty inmates. There is attached to it an infirmary building. Not far distant, at Twentieth and Ontario Streets, is the Home for Orphans of Odd- Fellows, an institution incorporated in 1883. It is supported by voluntary contributions, and contains about fifty children. The lot is two hundred and fifty feet square, affording ample room for play- grounds. The institution is free from debt, and there will be added in the near future a play-house and an infirmary. Farther south, in the section west of Broad Street, are two insti- tutions worthy of notice. At Seventeenth and Norris Streets, occu- pying a large and picturesque stone building, is the Baptist Home for Women. This building was occupied nineteen years ago, and is neatly and comfortably ap- pointed, with pleasant grounds and home-like rooms. It has a capacity for eighty-one inmates. On Seventeenth Street, at the corner of Montgomery Avenue, stands an important scientific institution, the Wagner Free Institute of Science, a large building containing a valuable library, an extensive biological museum, and scientific labora- tories. Connected with it is a lecture-hall, in which courses of free scientific lectures are given. A branch of the City Free Library and a centre of the University Extension Association are located here. There has also been recently opened here a free public library, one of several designed to be opened by the city as accessories to the public-school system. This institution was founded in 1855 by William Wagner, its purpose being free popular instruction in science. Worthy of mention, also, is the Howard Institution, situated at No. 1612 Poplar Street, its purpose being "the assistance, reformation, and shelter of destitute women released from prison or otherwise homeless." This charity has proved a very useful one. Baptist Home for Women. Wagner Institute. Girard College. XIII. Girard College and Vicinity. Girard College stands in the centre of a very interesting and important group of public and private charitable institutions, the most important of which are here noticed. The Girard College Buildings occupy a space of forty-one acres, extending from Nineteenth Street and Girard Avenue, along Ridge Avenue and westward to Twenty-fifth Street, the grounds being sur- rounded by a high wall. The main building is among the finest extant examples of Corinthian architecture ; and the other buildings are on a grand scale. Probably no institution in Philadelphia is more talked of and excites a more general interest; certainly none is more visited by strangers. The College was founded by Stephen Girard, who, dying in 1830, gave the specific sum of two million dollars to build the College, and left the greater part of his estate to endow it. The original buildings were fourteen years in construction, the corner-stone having been laid in 1S33 and the main building finished in 1847. It was designed by the late Thomas U. Walter, and its transcendant beauty and great magnificence are everywhere acknowledged, it having, as a piece of monumental architecture, scarcely a rival on this continent. The principal buildings in the enclosure are of white marble, and the more lately built among them are most admirably adapted to their main educational purposes. The College was established for the education of poor white male orphans, from six to ten years old at the time of their admittance, preference being given, first, to those born within the limits of the old city of Philadelphia ; second, to natives of Pennsylvania ; third, to boys born in New York ; and, fourth, to those born in New Orleans. At present about fifteen hundred and fifty orphans are being cared for and trained in Girard College. There are in all ten auxiliary buildings, a handsome chapel, etc. The grounds are ample for the recreation and athletic and military training of the boys, and are well worthy of a visit each summer for the highly beautiful floral and foliage decoration of the lawn fronting the main building. 133 German Hospital. Drexel Home. G1RARD COLLEGE AND VICINITY. 135 The German Hospital, at the south-west corner of Girard and Co- rinthian Avenues, is a handsome structure of stone. It was founded in I860, largely by the liberality of citizens of German birth, and, during the war of 1861-65, was used as a United States military hospital. It was reopened as a general hospital for public uses in 1866. Both German and English are spoken, and patients of any nationality whatsoever may be ad- mitted. The nurses are German Deaconesses from the Mary J. Drexel Home and Philadelphia Mother-House of Deaconesses, which stands in the same enclosure with the hospital, and on the south side of Girard Avenue, just west of the Hospital itself. The Drexel Home was founded in 1888 by Mr. John D. Lankenau, in memory of his deceased wife, nee Mary J. Drexel, a daughter of the founder of the house of Drexel & Co., and sister of the eminent bankers of that name. It is a noble and beau- tiful building of yellow brick, imported from Germany, and trimmed with facings of gray sandstone. It is of a Gothic architecture, modi- fied by details in the Norman style ; the main stairways and some of the floors are of white marble. Connected with this great institution is a school for Deaconesses. The building includes a children's hos- pital, children's home, and a home for aged people. At the north-west corner of Twenty-first Street and North College Avenue stand the handsome and commodious buildings of the Women's Medical College, the first medical school espe- cially for women ever established in the world. Its faculty includes both men and women physicians, and it has graduated a large number of highly-successful lady practitioners. Very near to it stands the Women's Hospital, where women and children alone are treated. Its buildings at present are ample for its purposes. Both medical and surgical cases are here treated, and the hospital has proved itself an extremely praiseworthy institution. Both the College and Hospital, which are closely af- filiated to each other, are to-day in a high tide of successful work. At a short distance north-east from the eastern extremity of the Girard College grounds, extending on Stiles Street from Seventeenth to Eighteenth Streets, stands one of the largest ecclesiastical estab- lishments in Philadelphia, — the Church of the Gesu, under the care of a body of Jesuit priests. The church itself is a great and lofty pile of brick and marble, with granite founda- tions. The interior is beautifully decorated, and the Women's Medical College. The Church of the Gesu St. Joseph's Hospital. Little Sisters of the Poor. GIRARD COLLEGE AND VICINITY. 137 roof of the nave is a wonderfully fine piece of barrel-vaulting. This great church is well worthy of a visit. Connected with it are large parochial schools. A part of the same establishment is St. Joseph's College, of which the members of the faculty all belong to the order of the Jesuits. Near at hand, and under the pastoral care of the clergy of the Church of the Gesu, is St. Joseph's Hos- pital (Girard Avenue, below Seventeenth Street). This is a large and very important hospital. More than a third of the cases treated are charity patients. On Girard Avenue, directly opposite the Hospital, is the Green Hill Presbyterian Church, of brown-stone, a handsome and capacious structure. A short walk to the northward brings us to the Home for the Aged of Both Sexes, on Eighteenth Street near Jefferson, a large Roman Catholic charity, under the direct care of a community of celibate women known as "The Little Sisters of the Poor," and under the pastoral charge of the Jesuit Fathers from the Church of the Gesu. This most deserving and useful institution re- ceives the aged poor of whatever creed or nationality, without fee or reward. It occupies a large and lofty edifice of brick. This institu- tion has a large and very important establishment in German town. The location between Parish and Poplar, Twenty-second and Twenty-third Streets, was until recently occupied by the House of Refuge, for the reclamation of idle and depraved children. The principal portion of this institution, that devoted to boys, was in 1892 removed to Glen Mills, Delaware County (which see). That portion devoted to girls (white and colored) is retained in this locality, occupying a large stone building on Twenty-second Street, between Poplar Street and Girard Avenue. This institution was founded in 1826. The inmates receive careful mental and physical training. In the vicinity of the College are several other important charitable and public institutions. On Brown Street, between Twenty-second and Twenty-third Streets, is the Northern Home for Friendless Children, an institution incorporated in 1854 for the ,care of vagrant, neglected, or abandoned chil- dren. It occupies a large building, with ample grounds, and had, at date of last report, one hundred and thirty-seven inmates. Just north of this institution, and now associated with it, is the Sol- diers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, its inmates now reduced to fifty-six. These Homes have done and are doing excellent work, their inmates Northern Home for Children 138 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Foster Home. Eastern Penitentiary. being educated, taught useful industries, and in many cases provided with permanent homes. At Twenty-fourth and Poplar Streets, very near to Girard College, stands the Foster Home, the object of which "is to extend aid to respectable widowed parents who, from adversity, are obliged to part with their children for a time, but desire to have them finally restored." One hundred children can be cared for here. The parents or friends of the children are expected to defray a part of the expense of their support. Directly east of the House of Refuge is the Corinthian Avenue Res- ervoir. One square to the south we see the ponderous and frowning walls of the large Eastern Penitentiary, a State prison, and one of the most celebrated of its class. It occupies eleven acres of ground, lying between Brown Street and Fairmount Avenue, and extending westward from Corinthian Avenue to Twenty-second Street. Its castellated entrance, flanked and surmounted with grandly majestic towers, is very impressive. It was built in 1823-29, and was for many years conducted on the so- called "Pennsylvania System" of strictly solitary confinement; but this system has been gradually mitigated, as a necessary result of a surplus of inmates, and at present some minor degree of association of prisoners is permitted. Means are also employed to instruct the prisoners, especially the younger ones, in various useful employ- ments. The excellent non-sectarian Home for Aged Couples, at the corner of Perkiomen and Francis Streets, is a chartered institution, dating from 1876. In this vicinity may be seen one of those great industrial works for which Philadelphia is so famous. This is the Keystone Watch-Case Works, occupying large buildings at Nineteenth and Wylie Streets. It is one of the largest and most com- plete manufactories devoted to its special purpose in the world, and its annual product is a very large one. Keystone Watch-Case Works. XIV. Central Delaware-River Front and Vicinity. That portion of the city fronting upon the Delaware River which, from its location as well as from its comparative importance, may be termed the Central River Front, occupies essentially the section of the river margin included in the plot which, two hundred years ago, William Penn laid out as the site of his "great towne," and which extended from Vine Street on the north to South Street on the south, a distance of about one mile. Within these limits, in the vicinity of the wharves, are now to be found heavy business-houses which oc- cupy all the streets great and small, and here, through the medium of their lines of ferry-boats, plying to Camden on the opposite side of the river, are the terminal stations of the several railways that con- nect Philadelphia with the seashore and intermediate points. Chief among these is the station of the West Jersey Railroad, at the foot of Market Street (now controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad), by the side of which is the Camden Ferry, for the accommodation of teams and passengers other than those destined for the cars. Several lines of river-steamers and coasting-vessels also have their landings here, the more important of the latter being the Clyde Lines (the offices of which are at No. 12 South Delaware Avenue) and the principal of the former being the Ericsson Line, whose vessels leave daily (piers No. 7 North Delaware Avenue and No. 28 South Delaware Avenue) for Baltimore, the Bristol Line (Columbia and Twilight), daily from Chestnut Street wharf, the Trenton Line (Edwin Forrest), daily from Arch Street wharf, the Salem (New Jersey) Line (Reybold), daily, except Sundays, from Arch Street wharf, the Chester and Wilmington Line, daily from Chestnut Street wharf, the Chester Freight Line, from Race Street wharf, and the Bush and the Warner Wilmington Steam-Packet Lines, both of which began operation, as sailing-packet lines, considerably more than a century ago. The Camden and Atlantic Railroad, the pioneer line that, by its construction to Atlantic City nearly twoscore years ago, first made conveniently accessible to Philadelphia the neighboring sea-coast of 139 West Jersey Railroad. Reading's Atlantic City Division. CENTRAL DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 14:1 New Jersey, is now controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany, and has its station at Market Street wharf, as have also lines to Mount Holly, Trenton, and other points. A short distance below the Market Street Ferries, at Pier No. 8 South Wharves, midway between Chestnut and Walnut Streets, is the principal Philadelphia station of the Atlantic City division of the Reading Railroad, whence ferry-boats connect with trains at Kaighn's Point below, on the opposite side of the Delaware. This station is con- veniently reached by the Market, the Chestnut and Walnut, and the Spruce and Pine Streets lines of street cars. The Reading Railroad Company is also represented farther north, at the foot of Willow Street, where it has an extensive freight station, which connects with the main line of the road by tracks up Willow Street, and with eastern freight lines by tracks to Third and Berks Streets. Of the various industrial establishments in this vicinity, the most notable for extent is the great brewery of John F. Betz & Son, the second in size in the city, within whose walls malt liquors are produced in enormous quantities. An institution of somewhat gruesome interest is The Morgue, I which is situated on Noble Street, between Front Street The and Delaware Avenue. A change of location has been | decided upon. Here are taken the bodies of all un- known persons found dead, where they are kept for several days open to inspection, for recognition by relatives or friends if possible. Prominent among the objects of interest in the vicinity of Front and Market Streets is the old Christ Church, on Second Street above Market, a unique brick structure on the site of a church erected in 1695, and itself built in 1727-31 and enlarged at various times during the last century. This church is sixty feet in width by ninety feet in length, and has a brick tower surmounted by a wooden steeple one hundred and ninety feet high. Here in colonial days the royal officers attended public worship, and after the Revolutionary War, while Philadelphia was the seat of gov- ernment, the President of the United States and other officials occu- pied pews in this church. The steeple contains a chime of bells cast in London about the middle of the last century. In the grounds adjoining the church are the graves of several distinguished men, and in the church-yard proper, at Fifth and Arch Streets, many emi- nent men have been interred. Christ P.E. Church. CHRIST CHURCH. CENTRAL DKLAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 143 The Corn Exchange National Bank, at the corner of Chestnut and Second Streets, chartered in 1S58, occupies a spacious brick building, Dear which are the Produce National Bank (No. 104 Chestnut Street) and the National Bank of Commerce, whose home is in a plain brown- stone structure (No. 20!) Chestnut Street) of tasteful appearance. A square away, at the corner of Second and Walnut Streets, is the Phila- delphia office of the Camden National Bank. Among the most imposing edifices in this vicinity is the Commercial Exchange, at No. 133 South Second Street, built on the site of the "Slate-Roof House," once the home of William Penn. Here in the spacious main hall, which occu- pies the entire upper floor of the building, meet daily (except on Sundays and legal holidays) the leading merchants and manufacturers of the city, who conduct large business operations by means of samples of their pro- - ducts. In the build- ing is a station of the Postal-T e 1 e g r a p h Cable Company, and frequent re- ports of the state of the market, at home and abroad, are furnished to the Exchange. On the opposite side of Second Street is the massive gov- ernment warehouse, known as the United States Appraiser's Building, extending from Second to Dock Streets, five stories in height, where imported goods are received from the custom-house for appraisement. The section of the city lying along the Delaware River southward FISH AND PRODUCE BUSINESS, DELA- WARE AVENUE. 144 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. from "Walnut Street is largely devoted to heavy traffic by river and by rail, vast amounts of the products of the sea (fish, oysters, etc.) and of fruits and vegetables, from neighboring States and foreign lands, here finding their entrance into the city, and corresponding amounts of merchandise finding their exit from tbe city through the various transportation lines that have their termini here. Indeed, the fish and oyster trade principally, the produce business largely, and the fruit business almost exclusively, find along the wharves their natural entrepot. Vast quantities of butter, cheese, vegeta- bles, and cured meats are sold both at wholesale and retail ; and FISH AND OYSTER BUSINESS (AN INTERIOR). in their season the peaches of Maryland and Delaware and the small fruits of New Jersey are here displayed in great abundance. Foreign fruits are brought by fast steamers in great quantities, rapidity of transportation enabling them to be marketed in excellent condition. Both fresh vegetables and fruits, however, have to be promptly han- dled on arrival, so that by night, as well as by day, the wharves de- voted to this trade present a lively scene. A great freight depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad extends from 146 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Walnut Street south on Delaware Avenue to near Dock Street, and directly opposite the depot are the piers to and from which are floated, on barges, the incoming and outgoing freight trains of the West Jersey and New York divisions of the Pennsylvania Railroad. At Delaware Avenue and Spruce Street is the extensive establishment of the Qua- ker City Cold Storage Company, in effect a mammoth refrigerator con- structed with all the most approved appliances for the preservation of perishable foods, having a front of one hundred feet on Delaware Avenue by a depth of one hundred and twenty-five feet on Spruce Street. It is seven stories in height, and is arranged for the entrance on the first floor of loaded refrigerator cars, from which the freights are removed to the several apartments of the building. These SHAD-FISHING, GLOUCESTER. establishments are reached by trains up Delaware Avenue from Wash- ington Avenue, the latter crossing the southern section of the city from the Schuylkill to the Delaware. At the foot of Pine Street is the pier of the well-known Winsor line of steamers for Boston (reached by the Lombard Street cars), to which port semi-weekly trips are made, and near here, at the foot of South Street, is one of the terminal stations of the Atlantic City division of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, whence passengers are conveyed on railroad ferry-boats to Kaighn's Point to board the trains for Atlantic City and intermediate places. Adjoining this station is the Gloucester Ferry-House, the terminus of CENTRAL DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 147 a ferry- line to Gloucester, New Jersey, a manufacturing city some (hive miles distant, principally celebrated for its shad-fisheries and its planked-shad dinners, which, in their season, especially endear the place to epicurean Philadelphians. This immediate locality is reached i from the north and south by the cars of the Second and Third Streets line ; from the west by the Spruce Street cars, which run to Third and Spruce Streets, and the Lombard Street cars, which run to Front Street ; and from the north-west by the Race Street cars, which run to Second and "Walnut Streets. Near here, at Third and Pine Streets, is the famous old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, erected be- fore the Revolutionary War (1758-61) by the vestry and members of Christ Church, by whom it continued to be governed until 1832. Its grounds extend from Third Street to Fourth Street, and contain the i graves of many distinguished citizens of the olden time. Opposite the grounds of St. Peter's (in its church-yard at the south-west corner I of Fourth and Pine Streets) stands the Third Presbyterian Church, familiarly known as the "Old Pine Street Church," a rough-cast brick structure with a Corinthian portico of eight pillars, first opened for worship in 1768, and subsequently the scene of the pastoral labors of several eminent clergymen. 10 XV. South Delaware-River Front and Vicinity. The vicinity of the Delaware River extending from South Street to the extreme southern limit of the built-up portions of the city con- tains but a comparatively few objects of interest to the sight-seer, even if that vicinity be held to include all the portion of the city east of the section of this work entitled " South Broad Street and Vicinity," to which the line of Eleventh Street may be considered as a general eastern limit. Scattered here and there, especially near the bank of the Delaware, may be found some heavy industrial works, such as are usually placed near navigable waters, prominent among which are the extensive sugar refineries of Harrison, Frazier & Co. and E. C. Knight & Co., whose lofty buildings, near Front and Bainbridge Streets, are so nearly contiguous as to form an almost unbroken group, and whose products aggregate some five thousand barrels of refined sugar per day. These extensive establishments, which have now been absorbed by the Sugar Trust, are greatly surpassed in amount of product by the enormous refineries recently established by Claus Spreckles, which occupy the space between Reed, Dick- inson, and Swanson Streets, and the Delaware River, covering an area of about ten acres. The buildings are of brick, are about one hundred and thirty feet high, and six acres in area. They embrace two filter-houses, finishing-house, pan-house, boiler-house, barrel-factory, machine-shops, and warehouse, while attached to the works are three six-hundred-feet wharves. These works have an enormous productive capacity. They also have been absorbed by the Sugar Trust. Southward from this point are several industrial establishments, among which Baugh & Sons' Chemical Works and Taylor's Tin-Plate Works are worthy of mention. At the foot of Washington Avenue is a large grain-elevator, with a storage capacity of half a million bushels. It belongs to the Girard Point Storage Company, whose great elevators on the Schuylkill have already been mentioned. The grain cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad, crossing the city by way of Washington Avenue, discharge 148 Sugar Refineries. SOUTH DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 149 their freight into this elevator, whence the grain is loaded into vessels, lying at the wharf on the Delaware River. Here also is the pier (No. 47 Smith Delaware Avenue) of the American Steamship Line (now consolidated with the Inman and Red Star Lines under the name of the International Navigation Company), whose vessels sail for Liver- jj pool on Wednesday of each week. The line of the Delaware farther south presents no object of in- terest. It borders the low-lying locality known as "The Neck," a region of truck-farms and other suburban industries, and its chief importance is the opportunity it offers for future wharfage. Railroad freight tracks extend to isolated points on the river-bank, from which heavy shipments of coal and kindred products are made. A section ■ of this locality is the property of the Cramps' ship-building com- pany, and may in the near future become the seat of a busy ship- yard, in the rapid increase of the work of this great concern. The South Delaware section reaches its terminus at League Island, the seat of the United States Navy- Yard, which is elsewhere described. Notable among the church edifices in the south-eastern section of the city is the Old Swedes' Church (Gloria Dei), which stands on Swanson Street, below Christian, in the old district of Southwark, the Wicacoa of the Swedes. This venerable edifice was built in 1700, to take the place of a log structure which was erected in 1677, and which served equally well for church or fort, as the exigencies of those some- what uncertain times might demand. The church is of brick, and is still regularly used. It stands in a cemetery where gravestones of all dates, from 1700 and the years immediately following down to yester- day, may be seen, though most of the stones are so weather-worn that their inscriptions are partially or completely illegible. The oldest gravestone whose inscription remains legible is that of Peter Sandel, died 1708. Of the graves in this ancient yard, however, much the most notable is that of Alexander Wilson, the celebrated ornithologist, who died in 1813. In another section of the city is shown the old school-house in which this distinguished individual at one time taught the youth of the Quaker City. Of charitable institutions in this section of the city, among the most important are those under the control of the Protestant Epis- copal Church, with head-quarters at 411 Spruce Street. This insti- tution, known as the House of Mercy, contains the offices of the City Mission, and is the location of the Central Sick-Diet Kitchen, which has branches in several other sections of the city. These furnish to 150 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. poor invalids delicate and nutritious food, which would be otherwise , beyond their reach. It is also used as a Home for Consumptives, which is now supplemented by the spacious home at Chestnut Hill. Farther south, aud in the centre of the poverty-stricken quarter i of Philadelphia, is situated the Bedford Street Mission, Nos. 619-621 Alaska Street, an institution which has done noble work in improving the unsavory conditions of that locality. Nearer the Delaware several j OLD SWEDES' CHURCH. institutions devoted to the good of seamen have been established, the principal being the Seamen's Friend Society, at 422 South Front Street. This was founded in 1848, and has been of excellent service for the temporal and spiritual good of the sailor. The Church Home for Sea- men of the Port of Philadelphia is situated at the corner of Swanson and Catharine Streets, in the centre of the shipping trade. At Front SOUTH DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 151 and Queen Streets, in the Church of the Redeemer, is a Seamen's Mis- sionary Association. On Catharine Street, above Seventh (Nos. 714-718), is the building of the Philadelphia Society for the Employment and Instruction of the Poor, the "Southern House of Industry," an institution which for forty-five years has been actively engaged in good work, giving em- ployment in sewing to about one hundred women, lodging to unem- ployed men, with meals and baths, schooling to poor children, and performing other charitable labors. On Washington Avenue, extending to Federal Street, and bounded by Third and Fourth Streets, is Jefferson Square, the public breathing- space of this section of the city. It is well-kept and shaded by young and thriving trees. South of this locality, occupying the area bounded by Wolf, Ritner, Fifth, and Sixth Streets, is Mifflin Square, one of the new public grounds recently established by the city authorities. XVI. .North Delaware-River Front and Vicinity. The river-front, northward from the Willow Street freight-yards, is a scene of almost perpetual business movement upon a large scale. Commercial and manufacturing enterprise has here one of its busiest seats. It is not an attractive quarter of the city in its aspect to the stranger, but thousands of wage-earners here obtain subsistence for \ their families. Great factories seem to be elbowed by lofty warehouses ; extensive lumber-yards are flanked by rolling-mills and foundries ; and in many of the poorer streets, too often ill-kept and mean, there are battered and weather-worn, old frame houses, and dingy rows of old-fashioned, low, brick dwellings. This section of the town is a part of the former municipality of the Northern Liberties, which, in 1854, was absorbed by Philadelphia. To the north-east lies a section of the town which has its streets running on a plan diverse from that of the principal part of the city, the north and south streets being deflected to the north-east, while those approaching from the west are turned south-eastward. The most densely populated part of this district is called Kensington, which may be regarded as being conter- | minous with the Eighteenth Ward, though popular use Kensington. | ma jj. es ^ ie name a m0 re comprehensive one. We may visit this part of the city either by the Third Street or the Fifth Street horse-cars. The Fifth Street line takes us through a well-built, well- kept, and attractive part of the city, to the vicinity of the Episcopal Hospital (elsewhere noticed), at which point we may begin our walk through this busy, industrial quarter. The Episcopal Hospital, Lehigh Avenue, corner of Front Street, is;- one of the grandest institutions of the kind in this city. It is a very noble pile of brown-stone buildings, in the Norman style of architec- ture, and is open to the sick and suffering of every race and creed. The grounds are more than five acres in extent. Founded and first opened in 1852, the hospital was soon found too small for the work it had undertaken. The construction of the present building was undertaken in 1S62. In 1862 the first patients were received (wounded Union soldiers, two hun- 152 Episcopal Hospital. NORTH DELAWARE RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 153 dred in number), and in 1874 the building was finished. Situated in a district full of factories and industrial shops, where accidental in- juries are frequent, this hospital has always done an excellent work for the poor and suffering of the laboring class. A training-school for nurses is maintained in connection with the Hospital. South of this locality, at 136 Diamond Street, is the Kensington Hospital for Women, an institution organized in 1883 for the treatment of diseases peculiar to women. It is the oldest hospital in the city devoted to this special purpose, is non-sectarian, and depends on charitable contributions for support. Farther south, near the river, is the traditional locality of Penn's celebrated Treaty with the Indians, in 1682. The treaty-elm, under which this agreement is said to have been made, stood till 1810, and the spot (on Beach Street, north of Hanover) is now marked by a small stone monument, erected in 1827. The fact of this treaty having been made lacks historical evidence, and some writers treat it as mythical, but the balance of probabilities seem to be in its favor. The locality of the treaty-monument, long neg- lected, has recently been made into a public square, and will hereafter be kept in an attrac- tive condition. Kensington pos- sesses two other public pleas- ure-grounds, — Norris Square, at Howard Street and Susquehanna Avenue, a large and well-shaded tract of ground, and Fair-Hill Square, at Fourth Street and Lehigh Avenue, an attractive breathing-place for the neighboring people. The district of Kensington and those lying to the north of it are notable as being the seat of several of the largest industrial establish- ments of Philadelphia. Among these, the one at present best known to the general public is the great Cramp's Ship-Yard, perhaps the most important establishment of its kind in America. The mp s dry-dock and marine railway of this establishment are ip ~ ar " on Beach Street, between Ball and Palmer Streets, while PENS TREATY 3IOXUMENT. Keystone Knitting- Mills. Bromley Mills. 154 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. the main ship-building yard extends along the river front from Plum to York Streets, covering an extensive tract of ground. The dry-dock and marine railway are among the largest in this country. In the ship-yard have been built several of the largest ships of-war of our new navy, and there are at present five great vessels under way, of from seven thousand five hundred to over ten thousand tonnage and an estimated value of $14,526,000. The five projected huge ocean steamers of the International Steamship Company— companions to the " City of New York" and " City of Paris"— are to be built here, at a cost of $8,000,000 to $9,000,000. This great establishment, which em- ploys in all nearly four thousand hands, has few compeers on either side of the Atlantic. Among the remaining industrial establishments of the Kensington district there are two worthy of special note for their size and impor- tance. At Hancock and Oxford Streets are located the immense Keystone Knitting-Mills of Thomas Dolan & Co., the largest establishment of its kind in America, and with few rivals in the world. On Lehigh Avenue, between Fillmore and Leamy Streets, and extending to Somerset Street, are the great curtain- and rug-mills of John Bromley & Son, the most extensive textile-works in the city, if not in the country. The two establishments named cover a great space of ground with their buildings, while the many other large manufacturing concerns in this vicinity make the locality a busy centre of industry. There are some charitable establishments in Kensington worthy of notice, in addition to those already mentioned On Belgrade Street, above Susquehanna Avenue, is located the Penn Asylum of Philadelphia, for indigent widows and single women, established in 1852. This is one of the oldest and worthiest institutions of its kind in the city. At the corner of Frank- ford Avenue and Palmer Street stands St. Mary's Hospital, a large Roman Catholic institution under the charge of con- ventual ladies of the Franciscan Tertiary Order. Con- nected with the Hospital is a free dispensary, which is of great service to the poor of this district. At the corner of Law- rence and Huntingdon Streets, opposite Fair-Hill Square, is the St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, an active and useful charity. In this district are two railroad termini, of former importance. At Third and Berks Streets is the passenger station of the North Penn- Penn Asylum. St. Mary's Hospital. NORTH DELAWARE RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 155 sylvania Railroad, which is now merged into the Reading Railroad system. Two squares east of this is the Kensington Depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad, once the principal terminus of the New York line, hut now of minor importance. Adjoining Kensington on the north is the district known as Richmond, that part of it along the river being called Port Richmond, and of interest from its extensive exportations of anthi-acite coal, this being the terminus of the Reading Railroad's coal shipping lines. The great yard here is crossed by a bewildering net-work of tracks, while tlie many wharves, with their steam colliers taking on cargoes of the "black diamond," are well worthy a visit from strangers. On the river front above the coal wharves stands the Port Richmond Grain- Elevator, a lofty structure, visible for miles up and down the river, PORT RICHMOND COAL WHARVES. and with a capacity of nine hundred and sixty thousand bushels. Aside from its active industries this district has few attractions. Following the river we come to the districts of Bridesburg and Frank- ford, in which are some establishments worthy of attention. The suburb of Bridesburg, strictly speaking, is in the Twenty-fifth Ward, lying along the Delaware-River front, and bounded north by the navigable Frankford Creek ; but, popularly, Brides- burg is regarded as extending into the Twenty-third Ward as far as the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, on which is Bridesburg Station, on Bridge Street, one mile east of Frankford Station. Bridesburg may be reached by the Pennsylvania Railroad or by the Second and Third Street horse-cars. At a short distance Bridesburg. Bridesburg Arsenal. 156 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. south-east of the Pennsylvania Railroad station are the grounds of the Bridesburg United States Arsenal, called also the Frankford Ar- senal, corner of Tacony Road and Bridge Street, with a considerable frontage on Frankford Creek. Its grounds, more than sixty-two and a half acres in extent, are enclosed by a stone wall and a handsome iron fence. The space with- in is very finely kept, a large part being well set with trees and shrubs. At present ammunition and tools are manufactured and stored here in magazines ; but fire-arms of various kinds have been largely made at this establishment (as was the case during the war of 1861-65) ; and some large pieces of artillery have occasionally been constructed in the works. This place is well worthy of a visit. It is accessible to visitors at all reasonable hours. Eastward from the Arsenal are the extensive rope and cordage works of E. H. Fitler & Co., one of the largest and finest establishments of the kind in this or any country. Bridesburg proper (south of Frankford Creek) has a con- siderable number of important manufactories, and is, for the most part, a neatly built and very quiet suburban town. The former town of Frankford, now included in the Twenty-third Ward, has many of the characteristics of a distinct town. It lies north- east of the Frankford Creek, the lower part of which is navigable, and is the seat of varied and extensive manufactures. Situated five miles north-east of Independence Hall, it is soonest reached by the Pennsylvania Railroad ; or, less rapidly, by the horse-cars and dummy-cars of the Fifth and Sixth Street line. The Old Ladies' Home of Philadelphia, formerly located at Frank- ford Avenue and Clearfield Street, has been removed to Wissanoming, a station on the New York Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in this section of the city. It is a non-sec- tarian institution, conducted on the principle of non- interference with the worship or private life of its inmates, the only requisites being "good moral character, quiet spirit, and peaceful behavior." It is one of the most attractive and comfortable Homes in the city. In this locality are a number of cemeteries. Greenwood Cemetery, belonging to the Knights of Pythias, is on Adams Street, or Asylum Turnpike, and to the west of Frankford. Adjoining this on the west is Mount Auburn Cemetery. Still farther westward, on the same street, and extending southward to Frankford Creek, are the extensive grounds of the Friends' Asylum for the Insane, founded in 1811. It is one of the oldest, Frankford. Old Ladies' Home. Friends' Asylum. Disston Saw- Works. NORTH DELAWARE RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 157 if not the very oldest, insane asylum in the United States. It has a large and commodious, hut very plain building. North-eastward from Frankford, on Frankford Avenue (or Bristol Turnpike), and having the Bustleton Turnpike (Bridge Street) on the west, lie Cedar Hill Cemetery, North Cedar Hill Cemetery, and East Cedar Hill Cemetery, which together form one of the largest burial-grounds within the city limits. They are very neatly laid out, and contain many handsome examples of monumental sculpture. Two miles north-west of Frankford, on Oxford Road, not far from Fox Chase, is the ancient Trinity Church (Episcopalian), which, except Gloria Dei, is the oldest church within the city limits. The present edifice is of brick, and was built in 1714. It may be reached from Ryer's Station, on the Philadelphia, Newtown and New York Railroad. Tacony, on the river front, two miles north-east of Bridesburg, and on the Pennsylvania Railroad, is another manufacturing suburb, where are located the great Disston Saw- Works and other important industrial establishments. The Disston or Keystone Saw-Works are particularly worthy of mention, from their great extent, the army of hands employed, and the fact that they are the largest of their kind in America. Tacony has been in great measure made by those works, and made well, as it would be difficult to find a more attractive collection of workmen's homes, public grounds, and other conveniences, all due to the wise foresight of the Disston Company. Holmesburg, which adjoins Tacony, and forms the Twenty-third Ward of the city, takes its name from Captain Thomas Holmes, Penn's surveyor-general. Near here, and extending along the Pennypack Creek to its junction with the Delaware, is the House of Correction, a reformatory institution to which are com- mitted vagrants, drunkards, etc., on complaint and hearing before the municipal magistrates. It includes a tract of over two hundred acres, the buildings consisting of a large main building and a central edifice from which radiate eight exten- sive wings. The inmates are made to labor in-doors or within the grounds. Near by, on Pennypack Creek, is the location of .the new County Prison. This has been under construction since 1881, but is not yet finished. It occupies seventeen and a half acres of ground, which are enclosed by a high and strong wall. The buildings consist of a central rotunda and six one-story radiating corridors, with four hundred and forty cells. House of Correction. Forrest Home. 158 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Near Hohnesburg is the Edwin Forrest Home for retired actors, situated on what was formerly the country-seat of Mr. Forrest, known as " Spring Brook." This estate, together with the bulk of his prop- erty, Mr. Forrest bequeathed, by his will, dated April 5, 1866, to his executors, James Oakes, of Boston, James Lawson, of New York, and Daniel Dougherty, of Phila- delphia, in trust, for the purposes of this home. The mansion is a roomy old-style structure, three stories high, and has attached to it a farm of one hundred and eleven acres. Busts, portraits, and paint- ings ornament the interior ; there is a library of some eight thou- sand volumes ; an interesting collection of personal belongings of great actors adds its charm ; and many of the rooms contain ele- gant furniture of more than a hundred years of age. Bustleton, the terminus of a branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad (eleven miles out, but within the city limits), is a manufacturing and residential suburb on the Pennypack Creek. lite W Gloucester. XVII. Delaware River North and South of the City. A journey on the Delaware either above or below the city, by any of the various steamboat lines which ply on this noble stream, will reveal numerous points of attraction in the vicinity of Phila- delphia which are worthy of mention. It may be of interest to add to our description of the river front an account of these more remote places. In such a journey not the least attractive feature is the river itself, which expands below the city into one of the widest and most stately streams in this country, while its surface is everywhere en- livened by steam and sailing vessels in great variety. Going southward, the first place of interest visible on the river- shores is the manufacturing and fishing town of Gloucester, on the New Jersey side. This has been already mentioned, and it but needs to add that it is the seat of a much- frequented race-course, and has an unsavory reputation as a principal head-quarters of the gambling fraternity. On the opposite side of the river, some distance down-stream, and at the southern extremity of Philadelphia, may be seen the League Island Navy-Yard, which merits description . League Island borders the Delaware shore just above the mouth of the Schuylkill, having a length of two and a quarter miles and a width of a quarter- to a half-mile. It is four miles distant from the City Hall, on the line of Broad Street. This island, having an area of nine hundred and twenty-three acres, was acquired by the United States government in 1876, for navy-yard purposes, its loca- tion in fresh water on an easily defensible river, and in the vicinity of the coal- and iron-fields of Pennsylvania, being considered a great advantage. The island has twenty-six feet of water in front, while the Back Channel affords a safe and commodious harbor. Spacious naval and machine buildings and a dry-dock have been constructed, but no work is at present being done, and only some old monitors and the receiving ship St. Louis are stationed here. Proceeding southward, there become visible, just below the mouth 160 League Island Navy-Yard DELAWARE RIVER NORTH AND SOUTH OP THE CITY. 161 Fort Mifflin. Red Bank. of the Schuylkill, the low walls of Fort Mifflin, a defensive work guarding the immediate approach to Philadelphia. It occupies the site of Mud Fort, which in 1777 was built by the patriots to close the river to the British fleet, but was taken by the British. _ The work has been reconstructed within recent years, but is not yet in condition to assail modern war vessels successfully. Opposite this point, on the Jersey shore, is another place of historical interest. This is the location known as Red Bank, the site of Fort Mercer of the Revolution, which, on October 21, 1777, repelled an attack by twelve hundred Hessians under Count Donop, who, with three hundred of his men, was killed. The shape of the ancient intrenchments can be still made out,' while a marble monument commemorates the event. The government owns a tract of land here, where defensive works are intended to be built, to supplement Fort Mifflin. Red Bank has further interest as the site of a large Sanitarium for invalid children, whither numbers of the poor children of Philadelphia are removed every summer, to breathe the health-giving atmosphere of the neighboring pine woods. The next point of interest on the Delaware side is the Lazaretto, the Philadelphia quarantine station, about twelve miles below the eity, and opposite an island with the Indian name of Tinicum. This station was established in 1806. It occupies about twelve acres, on which there are several large buildings. All vessels from foreign ports must stop here for examination by the quarantine officers between June 1 and October 1, and at other times if required. On the New Jersey side of the stream the principal point of interest south of those named is Lincoln Park, a large pleasure-ground, which has become a favorite place of resort during the warm season, being visited by thousands of Philadelphians. Opposite Tinicum, on the Jersey shore, are the Dupont Powder- Works, whose numerous buildings indicate great activity in the manufacture of this agent of destruction. A few miles farther down-stream the city of Chester appears in view, the "Clyde of America," as it has been termed, from the great ships built at the extensive Roach Ship-Yard located here. From the river numerous other manufacturing establishments are visible, chief among them being the large Simpson Print-Works, at the upper ex- tremity of the city. A few miles below Chester appears the old vil- Lazaretto. Lincoln Park. 162 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. lage of Marcus Hook, long famous as a gunning and fishing point, its principal products being shad, rail- and reed-birds. Farther down the river nothing of special interest is to be seen until the city of Wilmington is reached, the metropolis of the State of Delaware. A steamboat journey up the river yields an interest of a different character. The stream steadily narrows, instead of widening, and the flat and monotonous shores of the lower Delaware are replaced by bluff banks, well wooded, and rendered attractive by many sub- urban towns and handsome water-side country-seats. The first feat- ures of interest encountered in a journey in either direction are the islands opposite the centre of the city, which have long obstructed navigation, but are now being. removed by monster dredges, most of their material being deposited on League Island. Proceeding up the river, another island, named Petty's Island, is soon encountered. This may need to be partly removed for the permanent improvement of the harbor. The places on the Pennsylvania side, within the city limits, have been already described. On the Jersey shore, opposite Richmond, is the well-known Tammany Fish-House, and the build- ings of various other fishing and boating clubs. Farther up appear in succession the towns known as Riverton, Riverside, Delanco, Beverly, and Edgewater, while many handsome villas adorn the river-banks. At Riverton is the extensive nursery and seed farm of Henry A. Dreer, of many acres in extent, and among the best in the country. On the Pennsylvania side is visible Torresdale, with its numerous beautiful villas, whose verdant lawns run to the water-side, Andalusia, and other attractive towns. At Eddington, a mile and a half above Andalusia, may be seen a structure of much antiquarian interest. This is the modest old build- ing of the club known as the State in Schuylkill, the oldest purely social organization in the United States, if not in the world. It was instituted in 1732 as a fishing-club, under the name of Colony in Schuylkill, the present name being adopted after the Revolution. Located for nearly a century at Egglesfield (on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, above Girard Avenue Bridge), it was removed in 1822, on the building of the Fairmount dam, to Rambo's Rock, below the location of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge ; whence, a few years ago, it was taken to its present location, the old castle and kitchen being carefully taken down and rebuilt, the appearance and, as far as possible, the material of the ancient edifice being preserved. The club, whose membership is restricted to twenty-five, now mainly DELAWARE RIVER NORTH AND SOUTH OP THE CITY. 163 exists as a (lining-club, the cooking being done by the members them- selves. It possesses many ancient relics, among them two immense pewter platters, presented by a member of the Penn family, and ornamented with the Penn coat of arms. Farther up-stream, about eighteen miles above the city, appear the large manufacturing towns of Bristol on the Pennsylvania and Burlington on the New Jersey side of the river. At Bristol begins the great Landreth Seed Farm, about six hundred acres of the most fertile land being here devoted solely to the raising of seed. North of Burlington, on the New Jersey side, is the borough of Bordentown, notable as the place of residence of Joseph Bonaparte, who settled here after having successively reigned as King of Naples and King of Spain, under the despotic orders of his brother, Napoleon. Oppo- site is the village of Tullytown, above which is Penn's Manor, a locality of fine farms, under a high state of culture. Here William Penn resided in 1700 and 1701. The house in which he dwelt no longer remains, it having been taken down before the Revolution. Our journey in this direction ends at the thriving city of Trenton, the capital of New Jersey, which is situated at the head of steamboat navigation on the Delaware. 11 University of Pennsylvania XVIII. South West-Philadelphia. This section of West-Philadelphia, which may be said to extend I from Market Street, on the north, to the extreme southern limit of Philadelphia is, in the older part, a charming region of well-built homes, of densely shaded and well-paved streets, and of handsome and luxurious churches and useful public institutions. Prominent among the last named is the University of Pennsylvania, the most extensive educational establishment in the city or in the State. It occupies commodious grounds, extending from Pine Street to Woodlands Avenue, and running west from Thirty-fourth to Thirty-seventh Street. The main building (" College Hall") is a large and handsome structure of green serpentine stone trimmed with a pale gray-stone. Eastward from this is the highly ornate Library Hall, of redstone and brick, one of the most richly decorated buildings in the city. Its interior is a model of convenience and commodiousness. The library, which con- tains about one hundred thousand volumes, is especially rich in works on Philology, Political Economy, and American History. In addition the building contains an unusually fine museum of Archae- ology and the superb Somerville cabinet of ancient and modern Glyp- tology, some of whose gems are of almost priceless value. Westward from the College Hall is the Medical Hall, which affords ample accommodations to the medical department of the University, — a department which may be said to give to the University its greatest distinction, and which takes rank with the very foremost medical schools of the land. On Spruce Street, below Thirty-sixth, is the University Hospital, an adjunct of the medical department of the University. The main building is a very noble structure of green- stone, in the same general style (called "Collegiate Gothic") as that of the main building of the University. In the rear of the Medical Hall is the Medical and Dental Laboratory (Spruce Street, corner of Thirty-sixth). The Veterinary College is near at hand, at the corner of Pine Street and Guardian Avenue. Just west of it is the Veterinary Hospital, for sick animals, and still farther west stands the Biological 164 166 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Hall of the University. The square of ground between Spruce and i Pine and Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Streets is devoted to the ; athletic sports of the University students. Athletics and physical j culture have latterly received special attention in the University. On i Thirty-sixth Street, near Pine, is the Maternity Hospital, and on Spruce Street, near Thirty-fourth, is the Nurses' Home, — both of them ad- juncts of the University. The University is reached by the Wood- lands Avenue cars of the Market Street line ; also by transfers from i the other lines of street railways which cross the Schuylkill. The University of Pennsylvania was first chartered in 1753, as the "Academy and Charitable School of the Province of Pennsylvania," '| VETERINARY DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. Dr. Franklin being one of the first movers in its establishment. In 1775 its name was changed to "The College* and Academy of Phila- delphia." In 1779 the University of Pennsylvania was incorporated and invested with the properties and rights of the college ; and in 1791 the college and university were united. The Medical School (the oldest in America) was first opened by Dr. William Shippen in 1764. The present main Hospital Buildings of the University were opened in 1874. In addition to the College Department, affiliated with which is the Blockley Almshouse. SOUTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 167 Towne Scientific School and the Wharton School of Finance, there are departments of Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Medicine, Biology, Law, Philosophy, Hygiene, Archaeology and Palaeontology, Physical Education, etc., with a recently added Graduate Department for women. The Blockley Almshouse, so-called, occupies grounds separated by Spruce Street from those of the University of Pennsylvania. It is the public refuge or asylum for the pauper class of the town, exclusive of a large number of dependent persons who are cared for in the almost countless private charitable institutions of the city. The Almshouse, with its annexes and adjunct buildings, occupies some one hundred and thirty acres of ground. The buildings are large and commodi- ous, but are more imposing than ornamental in appearance. Con- nected with it is the Philadelphia Hospital (the oldest institution of the kind in the country), with a department for the insane poor. The Almshouse, with the hospitals annexed, accommodates a very large number of the dependent poor. Adjoining the grounds of the Block- ley Almshouse, on the south-west, is the Woodlands Cemetery, which w ,. . extends for nearly a mile along Woodlands Avenue c (formerly Darby Road) and, on its south-east side; reaches nearly to the River Schuylkill. It covers some eighty acres, and contains a large number of handsome monu- ments. It is best reached by the Woodlands Avenue horse-cars of the Market Street Railway (Traction Company's lines). This cemetery was formerly included in the estate of "Woodlands," owned at one time by Andrew Hamilton, who was (1701-1703) lieu- tenant-governor of the province of Pennsylvania. The handsome old residence of the Hamilton family is still standing, in a state of excellent preservation, in the midst of the cemetery grounds. In the vicinity of the University is another educational institution of leading importance, the recently-opened Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and Industry, situated at the north-east corner of Thirty- second and Chestnut Streets. This Institute, whose building was completed in 1891 and opened to the pub- lic early in 1892, was founded and endowed by Mr. Anthony J. Drexel, who donated $2,000,000 for this useful purpose. The edifice is an extensive and highly ornamental one, being built of light buff brick with darker terra-cotta ornamental work. Archi- tecturally it is a pure example of the classic Renaissance. It is en- Drexel Institute. SOUTH WEST-PEIILADELPHIA. 169 fcered by a richly decorated portal on Chestnut Street, which leads to a portico enriched with colored marbles, and thence to a spacious central court, sixty-rive feet square and open to the roof, it being covered with a decorated ceiling, with a central area of stained glass. Surrounding this superb court are galleries, enclosed by arcades, and leading to the laboratories, class-rooms, studios, etc., which occupy the upper floors. On the main floor, in addition to the features mentioned, are a library and reading-room, in which is a rare collec- tion of manuscripts presented by Mr. George W. Childs, a museum well supplied with examples of art-work, a lecture-hall with seats for three hundred students, and a large auditorium capable of seating fifteen hundred persons. This Institute is under the charge of Dr. James MaeAlister, the well-known recent superintendent of the Philadelphia public schools. The rates of tuition are low, with many free scholarships, and there are departments of art, science, and all the branches of a business and industrial training. The Drexel Insti- tute is one of the most promising of those educational institutions which have adopted recent ideas of physical, industrial, and artistic training, and is unsurpassed by any educational building in the world in appointments, laboratory facilities, and the architectural beauty and general adaptation to its purpose of the edifice. A short distance north-east of the Drexel Institute, on Market Street, west of the Market Street Bridge, is the newly-built Philadel- phia Market, an extensive and excellently-appointed structure, under I the auspices of the Pennsylvania Railroad, wdiose tracks i a e p ia ^ e j[ ver surjplies directly to the building. Its business Market 1 is chiefly wholesale, it being in effect a Farmers' Whole- sale Market. If now we pass to the more remote portions of this section of the city, we find ourselves in a region filled with attractive residences, many of them of great beauty, and the seat of numbers of fine churches and useful charitable institutions, of which the more notable merit description. The Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, corner of Thirty-seventh and Chestnut Streets, is one of the finest American examples of the English decorated Gothic architecture. The view on the Thirty-seventh Street side, including the chapel gate, the cloistered walk, and the manse, is especially effective. The body of this noble pile is of Potomac granite, with elaborate and beautiful windows set in carved Indiana Tabernacle Presbyterian Church. 170 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. limestone. The interior is finished in solid oak, and is richly adorned with ecclesiastical symbols, the whole forming one of the most im- pressive and beautiful church interiors in the United States. The Roman Catholic Church of St. James the Greater, at Thirty- eighth and Chestnut Streets, is one of the most elaborate in the country. It is built of Baltimore marble, with granite foundations. It is of Gothic architecture, with a clear-story, and the external effect is extremely fine ; while the interior is especially beautiful and im- pressive. The high altar is considered, by critics, the handsomest work of its kind in the United States. The district of South West- Philadelphia contains numerous other churches, many of them of striking and effective architecture. In addition to those described, however, we have space only to speak of the very imposing Christ Memorial Church (Reformed Episcopal), at Chestnut and Forty-third Streets, which, with its adjacent Divinity School, forms a noble archi- tectural landmark. The whole group of buildings is of Indiana and Avondale limestone, and affords an excellent example of the English decorated Gothic style. Of the charitable institutions we can speak only of those of leading importance. The Indigent Widows' and Single Women's Asylum oc- cupies a beautiful quadrangle of buildings on Chestnut Street near Thirty-seventh. This Asylum was founded in 1819 by Miss Rawson, and is managed by a society of ladies. The institution is strictly non- sectarian, but religious services are regularly sustained by clergymen of various denominations. At the north-east corner of Forty-fifth Street and Osage Avenue, south of Pine Street, is the Home of the Merciful Saviour for Crip- pled Children, a very deserving and praiseworthy charity. Crippled children are received without en- trance fee, and are supported by the voluntary gifts of the friends of the institution. This Home is under Episcopalian supervision, but is non-sectarian in spirit and methods. The Home for Destitute Colored Children, Woodlands Avenue near Forty-sixth Street, combines a simple and rudimentary course of schooling and a measure of industrial training, preparatory to a life, of usefulness. At a suitable age the children are indentured, chiefly with families resident in the country. At the corner of Forty-eighth Street and Woodlands Avenue are seen the extensive and ornate buildings of the Philadelphia Home for In- curables, one of the most interesting and important of Home of the Merciful Saviour. Home for Incurables. Episcopal Div. School. Presbyterian Home. SOUTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 171 the many estimable charities of this city of brotherly love. The Home is entirely undenominational, and its management is largely in the hands of ladies. Nearly all its officers and managers are ladies, but a number of gentlemen are chosen annually to fill the advisory boards. The Home was organized and incorporated in 1877. Its buildings and grounds occupy about five acres. The Educational Home, at Forty-eighth Street and Greenway Avenue, is at present occupied as a home and school for Indian boys, under the care of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It occupies a plain and commodious building. The boys learn certain industrial pursuits. The progress here made by the young Indians seems to be in every way encour- aging to the friends of the recent movement to reclaim and rescue the remnant of the aboriginal race in this country. The Protestant Episcopal Divinity School, at Fifty-first Street and Woodlands Avenue, is a handsome structure of dark gray-stone, finished with brick, in an ornate Gothic style. Near it stands a handsome chapel and other buildings belonging to the School. The Presbyterian Home for Widows and Single Women is near Fifty-eighth Street and Greenway Avenue (near Woodlands Avenue), and may be reached either by the Darby street-cars, or by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Fifty-eighth Street Station. The building is a large and imposing structure of stone, and accommodates a great number of old ladies. One square to the. north-west (corner of Fifty - eighth Street and Kingsessing Avenue) is the Presbyterian Orphanage, which occupies four large stone cottages, with other buildings, among which is a stone chapel of beautiful proportions. This is an extremely useful and effective charity. One of the curiosities of south-western Philadelphia is the ancient St. James's Church, Kingsessing, on Woodlands Avenue near Sixty-eighth Street. It is one of the "Old Swe- dish" Lutheran Churches which early became Episco- palian, as it is at present. The present church edifice was built of stone, in 1763, and has since been enlarged. It is interesting as a specimen of the American architecture of the colonial times. " King- sessing," the name of this district, is properly the name of one of the old townships now merged in Philadelphia. At Seventieth Street and Woodlands Avenue is the House of the Guardian Angel and Ma- ternity Hospital, of the Roman Catholic Church, chiefly devoted to the care of young infants. This section of the city is often called Kingsessing Church. 172 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Paschal, or Paschalville. It is quickly reached either by the Baltimore and Ohio or the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroads. Angora, on the Central Division, Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad (four and one-half miles out), is a neat suburb in the Twenty-seventh Ward. Directly at the station is the Church Home for Children, a handsome and spacious building of green-stone. I On the same grounds is a tasteful chapel of stone. The A.rip*or3. s | Home was opened in 1873. On the same street (Fifty- rp anages, | gjg^^-jj^ a s \y 0Y i distance south of the railway, is the Baptist Orphanage, which occupies four large and beautiful cottages of brick, grouped together on a wide and roomy lawn. This is one of the best-managed of the many Philadelphia Homes for orphans. XIX. North West-Philadelphia. That part of West Philadelphia which lies north of Market Street and south of the Zoological Gardens embraces within its limits a beautiful quarter of the city, portions of it being densely shaded with trees, and the principal streets rJeing lined with very fine houses, for the most part surrounded by lawns and shrubbery. Churches and benevolent institutions abound also in this part, as in other sections, and numerous lines of street-cars, running in various directions, ren- der all parts easily accessible. We shall confine ourselves to a description of the leading charitable institutions, many of which are attractively located and have large and excellently-adapted buildings. At No. 8518 Lancaster Avenue is the Working Home for Blind Men, one of the worthiest institutions of the kind in this city. It occupies extensive buildings, has more than one hundred and twenty inmates, and is nearly self-supporting. Near by, at No. 3524 Lancaster Avenue, is the Pennsylvania Retreat for Blind Mutes and Aged and Infirm Blind Persons, "a charity so peculiar that its very name is a touching appeal." North of this location, at Thirty- fifth Street and Fairmount Avenue, is the House of the Good Shepherd (Roman Catholic), an abode and reformatory for abandoned women of every race and creed ; there is also connected with it a reformatory for intemperate women. This has proved an extremely useful insti- tution. The Old Man's Home, on Powelton Avenue, extending westward from Saunders Avenue, occupies a large gray-stone building with sup- plementary buildings. It is surrounded by well-shaded grounds, and affords a comfortable shelter for its aged inmates. Directly opposite, occupying a large square of ground between Powelton Avenue and Filbert Street, and extending from Saunders Avenue to Thirty-ninth Street, is the Presbyterian Hospital, which is one of the best institu- tions of its kind in the city. The buildings comprise six commodious brick pavilions, used as hospital wards, and a central administration building, which, with two of the wards, was added in January, 1891. The administration building is a handsome edifice, of brick, terra- 173 174 ' PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. cotta, and stone, six stories high and forty-five by one hundred and eight feet in ground area. This Hospital, which is now in its twenty- second year, has considerably increased its endowment fund and ex- tended its range of usefulness within recent years. It has a large num- ber of free beds, with excellent accommodations for private patients. During the year 1891 nearly nine hundred patients were treated in its wards, and a much larger number in its out-patient department. Very near to the above two institutions, at the north-east corner of Saunders and Powelton Avenues, is the Pennsylvania Industrial Home for Blind Women, a handsome brick edifice with a commodious an- nex of stone. Farther west, at Forty-first and Baring Streets, is the Western Home for Poor Children, whose large and comfortable building is situated on spacious and well-kept grounds. At the corner of Belmont and Girard Avenues stands the Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons. This institution is supported largely by members of the Society of Friends. It occupies a spacious and com- fortable stone building, with attractive grounds. Another useful institution in this vicinity is the Western Temporary Home, which embraces also a Home for Convalescents, situated at No. 85 North Fortieth Street. With it are connected a day nursery and a sick-diet kitchen. The large tract of ground lying north of Market Street, south of Haverford Avenue, west of Forty-second Street, and east of Forty- ninth Street is occupied by the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane (commonly known as Kirkbride's Hospital). There are separate groups of buildings for the two sexes. The hospital-buildings are large and commodious, and are handsomely built of stone. The grounds (about one hundred and eleven acres) are handsomely laid out as pleasure-grounds, but a part is cultivated as a farm. The Market Street cars pass directly by the grounds. This institution is, strictly speaking, a branch of the Penn- sylvania Hospital, elsewhere noticed. Like the parent hospital from which it branched off in 1841, it is supported entirely bj r private con- tributions, bequests, and fees from patients, there being a certain number of freebeds maintained for the indigent insane. Nearly op- posite to the main entrance to Kirkbride's, but some three squares to the north, at No. 4618 Westminster Avenue, is the Philadelphia Home for Infants, a non-sectarian institution, founded in 1873. Many of the infants here cared for are admitted and boarded without charge ; for others a nominal fee is paid. Kirkbride's Hospital. Haddim NORTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 175 A mile or more west from Kirkbride's Hospital, extending to the extreme limit of the city, and reached by extensions of the Traction Company's Market Street line, is the suburb of Had- dington, a locality of few present attractions, but im- proving from year to year. The Home for Aged Couples of the Pres- byterian Church occupies modest but very comfortable quarters at Sixty-fifth and Vine Streets. Here old and indigent married couples of the Presbyterian faith are well cared for, a moderate fee being re- quired on their admission. This Home was opened in 1885. At Sixty-fourth Street and Lansdowne Avenue, on a command- ing elevation, stand the commodious and beautiful stone buildings of the Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, one of the best of Philadelphia's public charities. The ample grounds are kept in the most tasteful order, and the numerous children here sustained and schooled have the best of care. The orphans are all, or nearly all, children of the pauper class ; but brighter or happier-looking children it would be hard to find anywhere. The Burd Orphan Asylum, on Market Street, beyond Sixty-third Street, stands in Delaware County, just beyond the county line (which here follows a small stream called Cobb's Creek). The situa- tion is very beautiful. The grounds have an extent of forty-five acres, and the buildings are of gray-stone, in a plain but graceful English Gothic style. The asylum is for white female orphans of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is under the management of the rector and members of St. Stephen's Church, Tenth Street below Market. It was founded in 1848 by Eliza H. Burd, widow of Edward Shippen Burd ; the present building was opened in 1863. North-eastward from Haddington is the ancient suburb of Hestonville, reached from the city by the Arch Street, and by the Race and Vine Street horse-cars, or by the Pennsylvania Railroad „ -n I (Fifty-second Street station). Hestonville has an anti- I quated appearance, and abounds in curious oldish houses of the style, or styles, of fifty years ago ; but the hand of im- provement has touched it, and all will soon be renovated. In fact, for many years, some streets in its vicinity have been occupied by comfortable, and even luxurious abodes, some of them of the best class. The visitor approaching Hestonville by horse-car sees to the left the extensive Cathedral Cemetery (Forty-eighth to Fifty-second Street), between Girard and Wyalusing Avenues ; on the north side. Burd Orphan Asylum. 176 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. partly enclosed by the cemetery, is a large Roman Catholic church, dedicated to Our Mother of Sorrows. It has a heavy and sombre ap- pearance, quite in keeping with its name and surroundings. Returning from these extreme western limits of the city to the vicinity of the Schuylkill, we find a markedly different state of af- fairs. The quiet and tasteful residence aspect of the section just left is replaced by the busiest of railroad scenes, the space above Market Street from the river to Thirty-second Street being occupied by the train-yards of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which are covered with a net-work of tracks, and present a scene of activity by day and night which is well worthy of observation. Near Market Street Bridge is a large freight warehouse, just north of which are long lines of cattle- sheds, the lanes between them threaded by tracks for the convenience of cattle-trains. North of these, again, is a large Abattoir, in which numbers of cattle and other food animals daily meet their death for the supply of the Philadelphia markets. Various other buildings occupy the grounds, among them those of the Powelton Avenue Sta- tion for West-Philadelphia, at which nearly all trains stop. Stand- ing on the elevated Spring Garden Street Bridge, a scene of incessant activity is visible, — swift-darting passenger- or lumbering freight- trains passing almost momentarily under our feet, partly west-bound, over the Main Line, partly following the tracks of the New York Division and skirting the Zoological Gardens, which we shall next describe. The famous Zoological Garden, on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, and bounded by Girard Avenue, is one of the most attractive features not only of this section, but of the city. It oc- cupies a tract formerly the country-seat of John Penn, grandson of the founder, and known as " Solitude." The house built by Penn still stands in the grounds. The tract contains thirty-three acres, and is, in fact, part of Fairmount Park, the com- missioners of which lease it to the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, who have established here the most successful collection of animals existing in America. The buildings are tasteful, picturesque, and suitable to their purposes, and are set in grounds beautifully planted and kept. It is a most interesting and instructive place to visit, and is a favorite resort of children, citizens, and sojourners in the city. No expense has been spared in procuring animals or fitting up the garden in the manner best adapted to their maintenance and exhibition. The society has agents in every part of the world constantly on the alert for Zoological Garden. NORTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 177 rare and interesting specimens of natural history. The collection in- cludes a large representation of American fauna. The shaggy-coated buffalo, the lordly elk and timid deer, wolves, raccoons, foxes, prairie- dogs, rattlesnakes, bears, water-fowl, sea-lions, and specimens of nearly every other beast, bird, or reptile that belongs to the continent are here found under conditions making it easy and pleasant to observe their appearance and habits. Besides these, South America, India, Africa, BEAR-PITS. ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN. and the islands of the sea contribute their portion to the collection. Elephants, camels, lions and tigers, the ugly rhinoceros, sportive monkeys and the anthropoid apes, great serpents, and beautifully- plumaged birds swell the list of attractions, which can here be only hinted at. This collection is the only one in this country which at all ap- proaches in completeness and fitness of bestowal the great zoological garden in Regent's Park, London, or the Jardin d'Acclimatation of Paris. The expenses of its maintenance are very large, and the 178 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. society has at times been hard pressed in keeping it up to the high standard which it has attained. Considerable sums by way of endow- ment have been subscribed by liberal citizens, and it is to be hoped that the example thus set may be emulated by others. Near the Girard Avenue entrance to the Garden is the bronze group, by Willi elm Wolf, called "The Dying Lioness," which is re- THE DYING LIONESS. garded by critics as one of the most effective pieces of animal sculp- ture to be seen in this country. Frequent trains on the Pennsylvania Railroad, running from Broad Street Station, stop at the Zoological Garden, besides which an extension of the Lombard and South Streets line of horse-cars, starting from Twenty-fifth and South Streets, convey passengers to this point, and the Girard Avenue cars pass the main entrance. XX. Fairmount Water- Works and Vicinity. Two miles north-west of the City Hall, on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, and approached by way of the Arch Street cars, the Vine Street and Callowhill Street lines, the Girard Avenue line, and the Fairmount branches of the Spruce and Pine and Traction lines, are the famous Fairmount Water- Works, to which, since their JiSSB«il»« Hfi HeS •$\i\m m m if 8 GRAFF MONUMENT. small beginnings, more than half a century ago, the city of Philadel- phia has been, in a large measure, indebted for so much of its water- supply as came from the Schuylkill River. Here, near the close of the first quarter of the present century, under the superintendence of 12 179 180 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Frederick Graff, the designer and first engineer of the water-works (and whose services are commemorated by a monument on the grounds), was begun that system of water-supply which, since car- ried on through successive stages of development, now yields to the city, on an average, the enormous quantity of over 105,000,000 gallons of water per day. The beginning of the now immense Fairmount Park was the com-, paratively small tract which is immediately appurtenant to these water-works, which date from 1822, though the city was, through other channels, first supplied with water from the Schuylkill in 1790. Enormous engines, worked by water-power, force water from the river to the top of the hill, — the original " Fair-Mount," — where it is held in a distributing reservoir. From the top of this reservoir, ninety- five feet above the level of the river, a charming prospect is presented to the beholder, embracing in a semi -birds-eye view numberless at- tractive features, near and remote, with which the city abounds. Passing the base of the hill runs the Schuylkill River, spanned here and there by several bridges, while beyond, on the vast net-work of tracks of the Pennsylvania Railroad, is an almost unceasing succession of moving trains. West Philadelphia, with its semi-rural features, adds a pleasing variety to the landscape, contrasting strikingly with the densely built-up portions of the city. Far down the river on the right are seen the fine buildings of the University of Pennsylvania, while on the left the Naval Asylum and the Schuylkill Arsenal are conspicuous. Hundreds of tall steeples and massive towers rise into view in all directions, among which the beholder will readily dis- tinguish the striking group composed of the towers of the new City Hall and its surrounding buildings, at Broad and Market Streets, The station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets ; the Church of the Holy Trinity, at Nine- teenth and Walnut Streets ; the dome of the Cathedral, on Logan Square ; the tower of the beautiful Catholic High School, at Broad and Vine Streets ; and the spire of the beautiful Mary J. Drexel Home, near Girard College, are striking features in the remoter land- jj scape. More immediately the view from the Reservoir hill takes in two of the handsomest streets of the city, Spring Garden Street, whose wide and smooth expanse presents an animated scene, from the great | number of carriages and bicycles which make it their avenue of ap- proach to the Park, and Green Street, narrower in width, but attrac- Pequea Mills. Bement, Miles & Co. 182 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. tive from its numerous handsome residences, each with its plot of greensward in front. South of these streets is a locality busy with industry, a large number of manufacturing establishments, for the production of tex- tile and iron goods, soaps, shoes, zephyrs, braids, and various other articles, being clustered in this vicinity. As these establishments are" near this portion of the Park, the most prominent of them may be i noted here. On Pennsylvania Avenue, extending from Twenty-first to Twenty-second Street, with warehouse and office on Spring Garden Street, are the extensive Pequea Mills of William Wood & Co., one of the largest cotton- and woollen-mills in the city. Near this establishment, on Callowhill Street, between Twentieth and Twenty-first Streets, is the large ma- chine-tool manufactory of Bement, Miles & Co., its only rival in the city being the similar works of William Sellers & Co., already mentioned. Other large estab- lishments are the Fairmount Machine-Works, the Caledonian Carpet- Works, the McKeone Soap-Works, the Erben, Search & Co. Zephyr- Works, and the Star Braid-Works, each of importance in its special line. The principal entrance to this part of the East Park is from Green Street, where, on his left, the visitor has the above-named reservoir, the buildings pertaining to the water-works, and the steamboat-land- ing. Next, crossing an open space ornamented with a handsome bronze statue of Lincoln, erected by the Lincoln Monument Associa- tion in the fall of 1871, we come to a hill covered with trees, among which go winding paths, and under which green grass and flowering shrubs combine their attractions, while around its base flowers bloom and fountains play, and the curving drive displays an almost un- broken line of carriages. This is Lemon Hill, and on its summit is the mansion in which Robert Morris had his home during the Revolu- tionary struggle. Here the great financier loved to dwell. Here he entertained many men whose names were made illustrious by those ! stirring times. Between this historic mansion, which now plays the humble part of a restaurant, and the brow of the hill is the attractive amphitheatre where free open-air concerts are given in the summer, jj There are seats here for more than three thousand people, and the locality is one of the most beautiful in the Park, with its semicir- cular arcade, its verdant terraces, its numerous trees, and its winding paths. A short distance above stands the Lemon Hill Observatoi-y, ■*l,lMs ''■..■W : 184 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. a tall skeleton tower of iron, erected in the Centennial year, and still used by those who wish to obtain an extensive view of city andj country. At the foot of Lemon Hill, nestled on the bank of the river, are the handsome houses of the boating clubs, built of stone and gen- erally in a Gothic style of architecture. These clubs, numbering a dozen or more, with an aggregate membership of about fifteen hun- dred, constitute the Schuylkill Navy, and form the germ of the Ath- letic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, whose beautiful club-house, at Nos. 1626-28 Arch Street, is one of the most attractive features of that section of the city. Following the carriage-drive, we arrive at Grant's Cottage, a small' building of upright hewn logs, which was used by General Grant as his head-quarters at City Point, Virginia, and was brought here after the close of the war. Near by, the Girard Avenue Bridge crosses the Schuylkill, under which bridge passes the very pleasant river-drive of the East Park. A large statue of Alexander von Humboldt, presented to Philadel- phia by her German citizens, overlooks the Girard Avenue entrance. About midway between this and the Lincoln monument there is an excellent statue of the late Hon. Morton McMichael. This section of the Park is adorned with various other works of art, the gift of the Fairmount Park Art Association. The most inter- esting of these are the bronze statue of a " Lioness bringing Food to her Young," by Auguste Cain, in the flower-bed at the south end of Lemon Hill ; the sandstone "Tarn O'Shanter" group, with its humor- ous significance, on the west flank of the same hill, the work of the Scotch artist Thorn; and the artistic equestrian statue of "Joan of Arc," by Frerniet, at the Girard Avenue end of the drive, perhaps the finest example of French bronze statuary in this country. The remainder of the Park contains various other attractive examples of statuary, purchased and presented by the energetic association above named. Grant's Cottage. XXI. East Fairmount Park and Vicinity. The territory included in Fairmount Park was formerly taken up with gentlemen's estates, which, from a very early date, crowned with their mansions its commanding heights, and covered with their pleas- ure-grounds its wooded slopes and lovely vales. Several of the old- time colonial mansions are still preserved within the precincts of the Park, and are fraught with associations that make them precious souvenirs of by-gone days. Adjoining, on the north, the section em- braced in the immediate environs of the Fairmount Water- Works is the division of this great pleasure-ground commonly recognized as the East Park, extending in an almost continuous tract from Girard Avenue to the Wissahickon, and including within its limits miles of charming walks and carriage-drives, besides many objects of interest relating to old-time and modern Philadelphia. Just beyond the Girard Avenue Bridge is the Connecting Railroad Bridge, as it is popularly termed, which unites the Pennsylvania Railroad with its New York Division. Through the rocky bluff which forms the eastern abutment of the bridge a short tunnel has been cut for a carriage road. This route was opened in the summer of 1871, and developed some of the loveliest scenery in all the Park. A number of fine old country-seats were absorbed in this portion of the grounds, and they remain very nearly as their former owners left them. The Spring Garden Water-Works, with a pumping capacity of considerably over one hundred million gallons daily, which will soon be increased to over one hundred and fifty millions, are situated just north of Girard Avenue, and are well worthy a visit, their great Worthington and other steam-pumps being objects of much interest, while the buildings and their surroundings are attractive features of the locality. The densely- built portion of the city which borders this section of the Park is often .called "Brewery-town," from the great number of breweries here es- tablished. Principal among these is the extensive Bergner & Engel establishment, the largest of its kind in the city. North- ward from this locality is the great East Park Reservoir (supplied by the Spring Garden works), which covers 185 Spring Garden Water- Works. East Park Reservoir. 186 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. an area of one hundred and six acres and has a storage capacity of over seven hundred million gallons. Aside from its utility, it has been so treated as to make it an attractive feature of the land- scape. Adjoining the upper extremity of this reservoir is Mount Pleasant, the former residence of Benedict Arnold. It was built about 1762, SCHUYLKILL FALLS BLUFFS, BELOW EDGELY. and was purchased by Arnold as a marriage-gift for his wife in 1779. It is now reduced to the humble office of a Park dairy. West of this mansion is Rockland, built about 1810, and situated in a very picturesque portion of the Park. A short distance above the mansion is a jutting point or promontory from which may be had a beautiful view of the river and of the heights beyond. Mount Pleasant. EAST FAIRMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 187 North from Mount Pleasant is Ormiston, beyond which lies Edgely, both old estates, while still farther north is Strawberry Mansion, occu- pying the summit of a lofty elevation, with a steep and rocky face to the river, up which has been constructed a foot-path, which, with its arched portal, stone steps, and rustic balustrade, is a picturesque feature of the river-drive. The grounds about Strawberry Mansion are handsomely decorated. Strawberry Mansion. THE WALK TO STRAWBERRY MANSION. Daily open-air concerts are given here in the summer. Beyond Strawberry Hill the road skirts the river at the foot of Laurel Hill Cemetery, traverses the front of Falls of Schuylkill village, and brings us to the bridge which here serves as a connecting link between the East and West Parks. XXII. West Fairmount Park and Vicinity By far the largest part of the Park, exclusive of that narrow strip which borders the Wissahickon, lies west of the Schuylkill River, the extreme south-east angle being occupied by the Zoological Garden. The various sections of the tract are conveniently reached by the LANSDOWNE DKIVE. Girard Avenue horse-cars, which enter it over the fine Girard Avenue Bridge ; by the trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Broad Street Station, which stop at the Zoological Garden and at Park Sta- 188 WEST FAIRMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 189 tion on the Schuylkill Valley Division, and by the trains of the Reading (Main Line) and of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads, which stop at Girard Avenue Station. The Chestnut and Walnut, the Market, the Arch Street, the Girard Avenue, and other lines of cars also run to the West Park. Carriages enter the West Park over the Girard Avenue Bridge by way of the Lansdowne drive, which winds through what was formerly the picturesque estate of Lansdowne, owned by John Penn, " the American," whose nephew, also named John, built here a stately SWEET BKIER FKOM EGGLESFXELD. mansion, known as Egglesfield, in which he lived during the Revolu- tionary war. Just after entering the Lansdowne drive we pass, on our left, the Penn (or Letitia) House, which has, on account of its great historical interest, been removed to this point from its old location in Letitia Street. It was built in 1682-83, was the first brick building in Philadelphia, and is the oldest building now standing in Pennsylvania. It served as the State House of the Province for many years, the governor and the colonial assembly meeting here fre- quently. It will probably stand in its present location for centuries, as a memento of the birthday of this section of our country. 190 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Sweet Brier mansion is the next passed, from which point there is 1 a lovely view of the river above, and then, crossing the ravine by a rustic bridge, we are in a section of the Park which was the scene of the great Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Of the Ex- hibition buildings only two now remain, Horticultural Hall and Memorial Hall. The site of the former was most happily chosen. It occupies a bluff that overlooks the Schuyl- kill one hundred feet to the eastward, and is bounded by the deep Horticultural Hall. VXiSW ABOVE SWEET B1UEK. channels of a pair of brooks equidistant on the north and south sides. Up the banks of these clamber the sturdy arboreal natives, as though to shelter in warm embrace their delicate kindred from abroad. Broad walks and terraces prevent their too close approach and the consequent exclusion of sunlight. WEST PAIRMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 191 Entering from the side by a neat flight of steps in dark marble, we find ourselves in a gayly-tiled vestibule thirty feet square, between forcing-houses, each one hundred by thirty feet. Advancing, we enter the great conservatory, two hundred and thirty by eighty feet, and fifty-five high, much the largest in this country, and but a trifle inferior in height to the palm-houses of Chatsworth and Kew. A gallery twenty feet from the floor carries us up among the dates and cocoanuts. The decorations of this hall are in keeping with the ex- ternal design. The dimensions of the building are three hundred and eighty by one hundred and ninety-three feet. Outside promenades, four in number, and each one hundred feet long, lead along the roofs of the forcing-houses, and contribute to the portfolio of lovely views that enriches the Park. Other prospects are offered by the upper floors of the east and west fronts, the aerial ter- race embracing in all seventeen thousand square feet. Restaurants, reception-rooms, and offices occupy the two ends. The cost of the building was $251,937. Leaving Horticultural flail, we cross the bridge spanning the pic- turesque Lansdowne Ravine to Memorial Hall, which, as its name M-. "-^ MEMORIAL HALL. Memorial Hall. 192 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. implies, contemplates indefinite durability. What Virginia and Massa- chusetts granite, in alliance with Pennsylvania iron, on a basis of one million five hundred thousand dollars, can effect in that direction, seems to have been done. The facade is in ultra-Renaissance, with arch and balustrade and open arcade. The square central tower, or what under a circular dome would be the drum, is quite in harmony with the main front in pro- portion and outline, and renders the unity of the building very striking. That its object, of supplying the best light for pictures and statuary, is not lost sight of, is evidenced by the fact that three-fourths of the interior space is lighted from above, and the residue has an ample supply from lofty windows. Memorial Hall is of particular interest from the great collection of objects of Industrial Art, belonging to the school of that name, here displayed ; its several large groups of works of fine and useful art on special exhibition; the Great Rothermel painting of the "Battle of Gettysburg," the property of the State ; and numerous other objects of interest. Here will soon be placed the costly Wilstach collection of paintings, recently donated to the city, which should make the Hall a place of pilgrimage for lovers of the fine arts, and may serve as a nucleus for future similar donations, and, with the above-named collections, form the foundation of a great gallery of the fine and the useful arts. From the Exhibition grounds we may take our way to George's Hill, up whose rather steep ascent we wind until at the summit we have attained an elevation of two hundred and ten feet above high tide. This tract, containing eighty-three acres, was presented to the city by Jesse and Rebecca George, whose ancestors had held it for many generations. As a memorial of their generosity, this spot was named George's Hill, and its rare advantages of scenery and location will keep their name fresh forever. It is the grand objective-point of pleasure-parties. Few carriages make the tour of the Park without taking George's Hill in their way, and stopping for a few moments on its summit to rest their horses and let the inmates feast their eyes on the view which lies before them, — a view bounded only by League Island and the Delaware. At the foot of George's Hill, on the side next to the city, is an elab- orate allegorical fountain, adorned with marble statues, erected at the time of the Centennial Exhibition by the Catholic Total Absti- George's Hill. AVEST FAIKMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 193 nenee Union, and on the top of the Hill is Belmont Reservoir, with a storage capacity of forty million gallons, from which West-Phila- delphia receives its principal water-supply, the water being pumped from the Schuylkill River by the Belmont Water-Works, located near the Reading Railroad bridge over the Schuylkill. About a mile northward from George's Hill, on a sightly location in the Park (easily reached even by pedestrians), is Belmont Mansion, now a house of entertainment for callers, but once the home of the cele- brated Peters family of ante-Revolutionary fame. The original dwell- ing, a portion of which is still standing, was erected before the middle of the last century, and to this large additions were subsequently made. The eminent Judge Richard Peters, scholar, wit, and patriot, CATHOLIC TOTAL ABSTINENCE UNION FOUNTAIN. was born and died here (174-1-1828), and here, while enjoying the hos- pitality of Judge Peters, Washington is said to have planted a Span- ish walnut-tree, which grew to large size, and Lafayette, in 1824, planted a white walnut. The view from the piazza of the house is one which can scarcely be surpassed in America. It is one of those grand effects of nature and art combined, which man must acknowledge his inability to represent adequately on paper. On the river front, below Belmont, is the rustic house said to have been the residence of the poet Tom Moore while in this country, though this is problematical. Between it and Belmont winds up a 194 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. deeply shaded and niost romantic walk, known as Belmont Glen, a favorite stroll for lovers of the picturesque. North of this stretches a wide expanse of woodland, with many attractive nooks and defiles, in a secluded corner of which is located the Park Nursery. The carriage road from Belmont passes along the brow of the hill, Belmont Driving Park, a much-frequented race-course, lying a short distance westward. From the drive a magnificent view of the East Park and the course of the Schuylkill is gained, the special features of the landscape being the monumental wealth of Laurel Hill Cemetery, just beyond, and the roofs and spires of the hill-inclosed town of Manayunk, closing the view to the northward. Reaching Chamouni, an old mansion with a lake and concourse, and a thickly-wooded dale to the west, the northern limit of the West Park is attained, a bridge here crossing the Schuylkill to the East Park at Falls Village. XXIII. Laurel Hill Cemetery and Beyond. Laurel Hill is one of the oldest and most celebrated of Ameri- can suburban cemeteries, having been opened for burials in 1825. Its natural site was always one of great beauty ; and its charms have been vastly improved by the skill of the landscape gardener and the lavish hand of wealth. It is pre-eminent for the elegance and variety of its monumental work and mortuary sculpture, and for the names of the distinguished dead whose ashes lie buried within its walls. It lies upon the high and wooded bank of the Schuylkill, opposite the northern end of the Laurel Hill Cemetery. ^•: BRIDGE OVER NICETOWN LANE, IN LATTliEE HILL CEMETERY. 13 195 LAUREL HILL CEMETERY AND BEYOND. 197 West Park. Just north of it is the busy suburban and industrial village of Falls of Schuylkill. It may be reached by the Ridge Avenue cars. Laurel Hill Cemetery is divided into three parts ; South, Central, and North Laurel Hill, without reckoning the well- known West Laurel Hill, which is on the opposite side of the Schuyl- kill, towards the north-west. Laurel Hill, or "The Laurels," now North Laurel Hill, was originally the family estate of the Sims family, while Central Laurel Hill was " Fairy Hill," the country home of Mr. George Pepper ; and South Laurel Hill was " Harleigh," once the seat of the Rawle family. Near the entrance to North Laurel Hill is an interesting sculptured group representing Old Mortality, his pony, and Sir Walter Scott, cut in brown-stone by the artist Thorn. Across Ridge Avenue from Laurel Hill Cemetery is a group of smaller cem- eteries, among them Mount Vernon, which contains some splendid examples of funereal sculpture, and Mount Peace, a large and beau- tiful burying-ground, owned by the Odd Fellows, and which may be regarded as an extension of the older Odd-Fellows' Cemetery, else- where noticed, which lies half a mile south-eastward from Mount Peace. The Church of St. James the Less (Episcopalian) stands in a small and very neatly-kept burial-ground, between Clearfield Street and Nicetown Lane, a short distance from the main entrance to North Laurel Hill. It is a small though strikingly beautiful church of stone, in the Early English style, with a remarkably fine interior. It was once celebrated all Over the country as one of the choicest specimens of church architecture in the United States. The ancient village of Falls of Schuylkill, also called Falls Village or The Falls, now in the Twenty-eighth ward, takes its name from certain rapids in the Schuylkill, now almost flooded out by the action of the dam at Fairmount. " The Falls" is almost entirely an industrial place. Great factories of stone furnish employment to a large proportion of the inhabitants, both male and female. The built-up section is on the north-east side of the river. The lines of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway run not far from the river, on either bank. The principal street lies near the river, the side-streets climbing the steep hill-sides at irregular in- tervals. The principal building of any architectural interest is the church of St. James the Less, previously noticed. Of the manufactories at Falls of Schuylkill there are some which merit special notice, from their extent and importance. Of these we may particularly speak of the immense Dobson Carpet-Mills, the Falls of Schuylkill. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY AND BEYOND. 199 largest in the United States, and employing several thousands of hands. Another mammoth concern is the Powers & Weightman Chemical Manufactory, already noticed as among the largest in the country. Just beyond Falls of Schuylkill, and below the mouth of the Wissahickon, we come to School Lane, one of the most beautiful suburban streets in the world. A short distance above here, and just below the mouth of the Wissahickon, a new bridge crosses the Schuylkill at a very lofty elevation, affording charming views up and down this picturesque stream, with its winding, elevated, and well-wooded banks. Under it ply the Park steamboats, which make this section of the Park easily accessible. Starting from Fairmount, these boats stop successively at the Zoological Garden, at the rural island of Belmont Landing, at the cliff-bordered Rockland station, below the bluffs of Laurel Hill, and at other stations, ending their journey at the Wissahickon, where is a garden sacred to refreshment, both material and musical. North-west from Falls of Schuylkill, across Wissahickon Creek, we come to Manayunk, in the Twenty-first Ward of Philadelphia, but almost forming a city by itself. It is reached either by the Reading or the Pennsylvania Railroad, and by the Ridge Avenue cars. It is a busy manufacturing centre. Its steep streets, and the quaint uniformity of its older dwellings (generally of stone or brick, and plastered), and the ponderous solidity of its great stone mills, give it a peculiar and characteristic appearance. Above it, along the crest of the hills, stretches the fine old town of Roxbor- ough, with many handsome residences. Chief among the manufactures of Manayunk stands paper, it being the seat of the Flat Rock Paper-Mills, of Martin Nixon, and the mills of the American Wood-Paper Company, the two together forming the most extensive paper-works in the world. The most notable feature of Roxborough is its great reservoir, which is located at an elevation of four hundred and ninety feet, and has a capacity of one hundred and seventy-three million gallons. Continuing up the Schuylkill, several places of minor interest are passed, among them the celebrated soapstone quarries, from which great quantities of this valuable material are obtained. Beautiful views present themselves as we follow the river northward, our journey in this direction ending at the busy industrial town of Conshohocken, twelve miles from the centre of the city, though just beyond its limits. Manayunk. XXIV. Wissahickon Creek. Up the Wissahickon. Beyond Falls Village, a short distance brings us to the mouth of the Wissahickon, and as we turn our faces up its Drive the first object to attract our attention is the magnificent viaduct which carries the tracks of the Norristown branch of the Read- ing Railroad across the gorge. It is four hundred and ninety-two feet in length, twenty-eight feet wide, seventy feet high, and has five spans of sixty-five feet each. It is built of stone, and is a most substantial and, at the same time, graceful structure. Its noble arches form a fitting portal to ;<. !\ the beautiful and romantic valley which it spans, and which is one of the most re- m ark able regions ever in- cluded within the limits of a -,. great city. Entering it from the heat and glare of a sum- mer's day seems like pene- trating Calypso's grotto, so dark and cool are its shaded precincts, with their mossy rocks, their trickling rills, and feathery ferns. In its lower part the Wissahickon has a placid, pool-like aspect, caused by the checking of its current by a dam thrown across near its mouth. This gives the stream a width and depth bej-ond what are natural to it, and makes this part of its course an admirable boating-ground for the picnic-parties and recreation-seekers who, from, early morning till late in the evening, may, in the summer-time, be found disporting them- selves upon its surface. As we proceed, the drive, following the windings of the stream, 201 THE WISSAHICKON CHEEK, FKOJM RIDGE AVENUE. UP THE WISSAIIICKON. 203 leads us beneath beetling crags and overhanging trees, the narrow valley-bottom occasionally broadening into a glade, and affording room for a house of entertainment, of which several are passed as we ascend the stream. Some of tbese are old-time structures, and their quaint picturesqueness makes them harmonious adjuncts to their romantic setting. The Wissahickon in its upper course is a brawling, rapid stream, swirling around the boulders that intersperse its bed with an eddying WISSAHICKON DRIVE. sweep, which makes us think of trout ; but those dainty exquisites of the finny tribe are not among its denizens. The Wissahickon was formerly much more prolific of fish than it is now. The erection of mills and the pollution of the water by their waste pretty much anni- hilated all but the very hardiest species. Now, however, the mills having been removed, an effort has been made to stock the stream with bass and other fish, and it is not improbable that, in the coming UP THE WISSAHICKON. 205 years, its waters restored to their pristine purity, the Wissahickon may become as favorite a, resort for the fisherman as it always has been for the poet, the artist, and the lover of nature. As we advance along the beautiful drive on the western bank, our attention is arrested by a curious structure crossing the gorge high above our heads, different from anything we have heretofore seen. This is known as the Pipe Bridge. It is six hundred and eighty-four valley green hotel. feet long and one hundred feet above the creek. The pipes that sup- ply Germantown with water form the chords of the bridge, the whole being bound together with wrought-iron. Near this is " Devil's Pool," a basin in Cresheim Creek, which rises in Montgomery County, and, flowing westwardly, here unites with the Wissahickon. Valley Green Hotel is next reached, and affords a comfortable 206 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. resting-place for man and beast. It is a quaint old wayside inn, a favorite house of call with the frequenters of the drive, and a tempt- ing subject for artists, by whom it has been sketched time and again. Half a mile beyond the Valley Green Hotel stands the first public fountain erected in Philadelphia. A lion's-head spout carries the water of a cold hill-side spring, niched in a granite arch, into a marble basin. Upon a slab of marble above the niche are the words "Pro bono publico," and beneath the basin is the legend " Esto per- petua." It was erected in 1854, and was the gift of Mr. Joseph Cook, a public-spirited citizen. Near Valley Green is a stone bridge across the Wissahickon, from which a beautifully-shaded and well-kept road leads up the steep ascent, de- bouching upon the plateau above near the new Wissahickon Inn. To the left of this road, as it winds upward, may be caught a glimpse of the re- cently-erected palatial residence of Mr. H. H. Houston, one of the costliest and most magnificent private structures in or about Philadelphia. Through a mile and a half of rugged scenery above Valley Green we emerge into the smiling landscape of White Marsh Valley, and our delightful tour of the Wissahickon is at an end. In addition to the carriage road, paths for pedestrians have been carried along the precipitate sides of this delightful valley, and these open up a succession of grand and striking views, which carry one on and on with ever new allurements, till miles are traversed almost unconsciously. This romantic ravine, with its graceful stream, forms a fitting complement to the broad levels, tasteful dells, rounded slopes, and liquid expanses of Fairmount Park, the combination being one of which Philadelphia may well be proud, since no other city in the world can point to a park possessed of such a diversity of natural attractions, so beautiful in themselves that art is hardly needed to enhance them. FROM DEVIL S POOL TO INDIAN ROCK. XXV. The Reading Railroad's Routes. Leaving the Terminal Station at Twelfth and Market Streets, and. proceeding over the elevated roadway to Callowhill Street, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad branches into two divisions, — the Main Line, which leaves the city by way of Willow Street and Penn- sylvania Avenue, and proceeds to Reading and points north ; and the New York Division, which follows the line of Ninth Street, and, in addition to the Bound Brook Route, embraces the Germantown and Chestnut Hill, the Norristown, and the Bethlehem branches. At Bethlehem it continues over the Lehigh Valley tracks, now under Reading control. A third division, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City, has its stations at Chestnut Street and South Street Wharves. Following the New York Division, we pass through a part of the city already described, reaching, some four miles out, the old-time village of Nicetown, principally notable at present from the Midvale Steel-Works, one of Philadelphia's great manufacturing establish- ments, here located. In the vicinity of Nicetown (at Nicetown Lane and Old York Road) is Hunting Park, the largest of the public pleas- ure-grounds of the northern section of the city, excepting Fairmount Park. It contains forty-three acres, and was formerly a race-course, but has been converted of recent years into a park. The next station worthy of notice is Wayne Junction, where are extensive carpet- and cotton-mills. Here the trains for New York diverge from those for Germantown, and traverse a highly-cultivated section of great natural beauty, com- prising many old estates, whose grand old mansions sit embowered in groves of trees which have witnessed the coming and going of generations of occupants, while among them are many hand- some residences of a modern type, effectively situated. Some seven miles out, at Fern Rock Station, junction is made with the Bethlehem Branch (formerly the North Pennsylvania Railroad), on which, near Tabor Station, somewhat nearer the city, are the fine buildings erected by the Jewish Hospital Association (on Jewish oiney Road, near York Pike), embracing the Hospital spita " proper, a handsome edifice of pointed stone, in a semi- 208 Wayne Junction. Ogontz School. THE READING RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 211 Moorish style of architecture, with accommodations for sixty-five patients ; the Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary (free to all), founded in memory of the wife of Mr. August B. Loeb ; and the Home for Aged and Infirm Israelites, which has a capacity for one hundred inmates. About two and a half miles beyond Fern Rock junction the station of Ogontz is reached, this name having been given to the old village formerly known as Shoemakertown. A mile from Ogontz Village, crowning one of the wooded heights in the midst of the beautiful " Chelten Hills" region, five hundred feet above the Delaware River, stands the Ogontz School Establishment for Young Ladies, once a private residence of almost baronial grandeur, built at a cost of a million dollars or more by Mr. Jay Cooke, banker and railroad magnate, who, after a varied financial experience, a few years since leased the prop- erty to the present occupants — then the proprietors of the well-known Chestnut Street Seminary, Philadelphia — for educational purposes. Here, surrounded by wide acres of lawn, rises the main building of the establishment, a granite structure four and five stories in height, in dignity and spaciousness resembling an aristocratic country-seat of the Old World, and, in elegant appliances suited to its present use, with few or no equals among educational institutions. Its spacious apartments embrace a drawing-room thirty by fifty feet in extent, a library thirty-five by forty, and a dining-room with a capacity for seating seventy-five guests. The main hall, seventeen feet wide and eighty feet long, terminates in a conservatory or winter- garden forty feet square. A massive stairway of solid walnut leads to some seventy-five upper rooms, the private apartments of teachers and pupils. In addition, there is an art building, an infirmary, a gymnasium, and various accessory structures. The succeeding stations are Chelten Hills and Jenkintown, the latter of which (about eleven miles out) will end our journey in this direc- tion. The village of Jenkintown, here situated, is the centre of a very attractive region, which has been taken advantage of as the site of numerous handsome country-seats. Following the Germantown and Chestnut Hill Branch from Wayne Junction, the first station reached is Fisher's, through which passes the well-known Fisher's Lane. On this, eastward from the station, on Wingohocking Creek, are the quaint old Wakefield Mills, whose antiquity makes them worthy a visit. Wister Station, half a mile be- yond, is on Wister Street, which is lined with handsome residences. 14 212 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS, The succeeding station, which bears the euphonious name of Wingohocking, is notable as having in its vicinity a striking group of charitable institutions. These are situated on an eminence, sepa- WAKEFIELD MILLS, GERMAN TOWN. rated from the station by a ravine. Here is the well-known German- town Hospital, built for the benefit, primarily, of the large number of THE READING RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 213 laborers employed in that vicinity, and entirely supported by private contributions. Near the Hospital is the Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum, a favorite object of charity with benevolent Hebrews, where from seventy-five to one hundred children of either sex are supported and schooled. Here also is that estimable charity, the Home for the Aged Poor of Both Sexes, conducted by the " Little Sisters of the Poor," who dispense to the aged under their care (some three hun- dred) such contributions as they gather up in their periodical rounds among the charitably disposed. This Home, consisting of a connected group of spacious apartments, is one of over two hundred and fifty similar institutions maintained by this Order in various parts of the world. The succeeding station, that known as Chelten Avenue, brings us to the centre of Germantown, the oldest, largest, and most attractive suburban settlement within the limits of Philadelphia, and possessing attractions which render it amply worthy a visit. The station named is situated near the intersection of Chelten Avenue and Main Street, the business centre of the place, while the remainder of the town is largely made up of the attractive residences of business people of Philadelphia. Germantown was the scene of a battle of the Revolu- tion, of which it still possesses a famous relic in the old Chew House (Main and Johnson Streets), a venerable stone mansion, which sheltered a portion of the British forces from an attack by the Americans, and enabled them in the end to defeat the latter. The old house still bears marks of the battle. Nearly opposite is the Johnson House, another venerable structure of much interest. At Walnut Lane Station, a mile beyond, is the Crematory and Colum- barium of the Philadelphia Cremation Society. The next point of interest on the line of the road is Mount Airy, a locality with many rural charms and the seat of some institutions of interest. Here, on Main Street, is the Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, which has an at- tendance of about seventy-five students and a library of twenty thou- sand volumes, especially rich in biblical and liturgical literature. A short distance south of the Seminary, on Main Street, is the Lutheran Orphans' Home and Asylum for the Aged and Infirm, its inmates num- bering about seventy-five children and thirty-five aged people. An institution of much greater general interest, recently estab- lished at Mount Airy, is the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, which was organized in 1821, and is the third oldest of its Chew House. 214 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Deaf and Dumb Institution. kind in America. Opening with seven pupils, it has now an an- nual attendance of about four hundred and forty, and since its establishment has afforded instruction to over, four thousand deaf children. In addition to manual and oral speech and intellectual instruction, the pupils are given industrial training in such branches as wood-working, shoe- making, printing, sewing, dress-making, etc. This institution long oc- cupied extensive premises at Broad and Pine Streets, but in 1892 was removed to its suburban quarters. The new buildings occupy a tract of seventy acres, and are delightfully situated, commodious, well THE JIEKJIAIU INN. lighted, and admirably adapted to their purpose. They have accom- modation for five hundred and fifty inmates. The Institution is claimed by its managers to be now the largest, most convenient, and most complete school for the deaf in the world. Nearly a half-mile from Mount Airy Station is Mermaid Station, nea-r which, at the intersection of Main Street and Mermaid Lane, is an old-time hostelry known as the Mermaid Inn, which has escaped the iconoclastic hand of the modern reconstructionist, and stands in all its pristine picturesqueness a quaint old memorial of bygone days. Near the inn is another object almost as interesting as the old inn THE READING RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 215 itself. This is a log house which, though now rapidly falling to decay, has stood since 17-13, when it was built by Christopher Seakle, a German cooper, who for years lived and plied his trade there. The road reaches its terminus at Chestnut Hill, about eleven miles from the Market Street Station, the highest tract of land, and one of the most attractive spots, within the limits of Philadelphia. The allied Norristown Branch of the Reading's system presents few points of interest not already described. Diverging from the German town Branch at Sixteenth Street, it follows the Schuylkill, with stations at Falls of Schuylkill, School Lane, Wissahickon, Mana- yunk, and various other river-side places of more or less attraction, taking Conshohocken in its route, and ending at the handsome city of Norristown, the county-seat of Montgomery County, about seven- teen miles out. The Main Line Division, which crosses the river at Columbia Bridge, in the Park limits, and follows the west side of the Schuyl- kill, presents no points of special interest within the city limits. At Pencoyd Station, opposite Manayunk and near West Laurel Hill Cemetery, are the extensive Pencoyd Iron-Works, one of the largest in the vicinity of the city. Passing through West Conshohocken and Bridgeport (opposite Norristown), it reaches, about twenty-four miles out, the interesting historical locality of Valley Forge, the celebrated site of the encampment of Washington's army during the terrible winter of 1777-78. XXVI. The Pennsylvania Railroad's Routes. From the central station at Broad and Market Streets the Penn- sylvania Railroad lines extend through a wide section of country, its routes including the Main Line, running westward to Pittsburgh, with several important branches ; the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- more Road, going southward ; the Media and West Chester Road, run- ning south-westward ; the New York Division, with its Germantown and Chestnut Hill Branch ; and the Schuylkill Valley Division, leading northward. Following the Main Line outwards, the first place of interest to be noted is at Overbrook Station, five and a half miles from Broad Street, near which is located the Roman Catholic Theological Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo. Some two miles farther out is Elm Station, a half- mile north of which is the Belmont Driving Park, elsewhere noticed. Near it are schools of the Franciscan Sisters. Fine country-seats abound in this vicinity. The next station of importance is Ardmore, beyond which is the handsome borough of Haverford College, which owes its title to the flourishing institution of the same name, the leading high-class college in this country conducted by the Orthodox Friends. It was founded as a school in 1830, and in 1856 invested with the full rank of a college. The institution is beautifully situated, and has very commodious buildings, which are surrounded by a campus of sixty acres of well- kept lawns and grounds. Near Haverford Station are the new Merion Cricket Club Grounds, where is a commodious club-house, and grounds which are claimed to be the finest of their kind in the world. One mile from Haverford College, and ten and two-tenths miles from Broad Street Station, is the village of Bryn Mawr (Welsh for "Great Ridge"), consisting largely of elegant country-seats, notable among which is the villa of George W. Childs, Esq., said to be one of the finest places in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Especially to be mentioned as among the attractions of the village is Bryn Mawr College, for the advanced education of women, which Bryn Mawr wag endowed by the late Dr Joseph W. Taylor, of Bur- ° e ^ e ' lington, New Jersey, and opened for instruction in 1885. 216 Haverford College. Villa Nova College. THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 217 Several elegant stone structures, containing class-rooms and rooms for students, constitute the principal buildings of the institution, besides which there is a large and complete gymnasium for the use of students, residences for the professors, etc. The grounds occupy forty acres, and the buildings are beautifully located about a half-mile from the railroad station. Bryn Mawr College is a school of the first rank. A half-mile from Bryn Mawr is Rosemont Station, three-fourths of a mile from which, on the Lancaster Pike, is the Hospital of the Good Shepherd, a Protestant Episcopal institution, where are received for treatment invalid children of from two to twelve years of age, with- out regard to creed or country. Eleven and nine-tenths miles from Broad Street, at the station of Villa Nova, is Villa Nova College and Monastery, a Roman Catholic institution, with extensive grounds and commodious buildings, conducted by the Hermit Fathers of the Order of St. Augustine. A farm of two hundred and thirty acres is attached to the Monastery, and worked by the lay brothers. Thirteen miles from Broad Street is the village of Radnor, which, in common with other places in that section, has many beautiful country-seats in its environs. About a mile and a half from Radnor is the beautiful borough of Wayne, one of the most attractive and rapidly-improving new places within the environs of Philadelphia. Fine residences, built with due regard to architectural beauty, are rapidly springing up in all sections of the community, and a strikingly attractive Protestant Episcopal church, of Gothic architecture, has recently been built, which is said to be the handsomest suburban church in the State. Tbere are here two excellent summer hotels, the Louella and the Bellevue. In the vicinity is the summer home of the Lincoln In- stitution, already noticed. The next station of interest is Devon, its principal attraction being its fine summer hotel, Devon Inn, a fashion- able resort much patronized in the summer. Fine country-seats abound in this vicinity, and near here are two recently established charitable institutions : the Home for Convalescents, endowed by Lady Kortright, formerly a Philadelphian, and the Eliza Cathcart Home for Incurables, endowed by the late William S. Stroud (of the Baldwin Locomotive- Works). These institutions are both under the manage- ment of the Presbyterian Hospital, and possess large and handsome buildings, excellently adapted to their purpose. Two and a half miles south of Devon is an edifice of ante-Revolutionary fame, old St. David's Church (Protestant Episcopal]. This quaint old building, the veteran Wayne Borough. Schuylkill Valley R. R. Park Station. 218 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. of the district, and nearly the oldest church in the State, stands in a strikingly rural situation, and is worth a visit as a relic of the past. The route of the Schuylkill Valley Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad System extends generally northward from Broad Street Station to outlying districts partly through territory untraversed by other railroads, and partly through towns and villages whose railroad facilities are en- hanced by competing lines. For a short distance this route may be said to lie within the environs of Philadelphia. On leaving the Broad Street Station, for the first four miles the trains follow the tracks of the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Rail- road until Fifty-second Street Station is reached, when, diverging to the right, they take the track of the Schuylkill Valley Route proper, for Manayunk, Norristown, and intermediate places. About a half- mile from Fifty-second Street (and the first stopping place beyond) is Park Station, near which is that section of Fairmount Park known as George's Hill, one of the most attractive points in the Park, and from the summit of which is obtained a fine view in the direction of the city. Just beyond Park Station, on the right of the railroad, is the Children's Convalescent Hospital, a branch of the Children's Hospital at Twenty-second and Walnut Streets (see Index). This institution occupies a neat and un- pretentious stone building, open only in the summer and autumn months. It was first occupied in June, 1889. Here the convalescent children of the main hospital are taken for a few weeks of country air, — the children all receiving the same kind attention, whether their parents are able to pay for it or not. At no great distance from the Convalescent Hospital stands the handsome Christ Church Hospital,— in reality a home for ladies, whether widows or spinsters,— connected with the Prot- estant Episcopal Church. This most excellent charity was founded in 1772 by Dr. John Kearsley, and further endowed, in 1804, by Joseph Dobbins, of South Caro- lina. The towers of the main building, "bosomed high in tufted trees," may be seen near the railway, and on the right hand as the train moves from Philadelphia. The present fine building was fin- ished and opened in 1857. Just beyond the Christ Church Hospital stands the Hayes Mechanics' Home, founded in 1858 by George Hayes, for the reception of disabled or aged and infirm American Mechanics of good character. The Home is entirely non-sectarian, and any per- Christ Church Hospital. THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 219 Methodist Episcopal Orphanage. Bala Village. son who is a fit subject for its charity is admitted on the payment, by his friends or others, of a moderate fee. Connected with this Home is a substantial building for mechanical work, in which such of the inmates as are able to do any work can find such employment as may help them to pass a portion of their time. As the train nears the pretty suburban village of Bala (five and seven-tenths miles out), a passing glimpse may be had of the beautiful Orphanage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, — a noble edifice of stone, — standing somewhat less than half a mile from the railway track. The very praiseworthy charity does great credit to the heads and hearts of those who conceived it. The present building was first occupied in September, 1889, and receives both boys and girls. At the proper age the boys are sent away to suitable places in the country, chiefly on farms. The village of Bala is one of the pleasantest and neatest of Philadelphia's newer suburbs. Its name, like those of many other places in the vicinity, is of Welsh origin, and forms one of the many traces of the large Welsh ele- ment among the early Quaker colonists. The village is well built, many of the residences being stone-built cottages of quaint architectural design. St. Asaph's Church (Protestant Episcopal), a costly and very beautiful structure, is one of the architectural fea- tures of the village. The railroad station at Bala stands in Mont- gomery County, but is very near the line of Philadelphia. Passing Cynwyd Station (a half-mile from Bala), the germ of what promises to become, on account of its high and healthy situation, a favorite residence locality for city business-men, the route of the rail- road leads to the station of West Laurel Hill (seven miles from Broad Street), a cemetery covering one hundred and ten acres of ground, and one of the best-kept and most beautiful of the "cities of the dead" which are to be seen near the outskirts of the city. The route of the New York Division follows the tracks of the Main Line past Powelton Avenue (the general West- Philadelphia station), the Zoological Garden being its first separate station. Here it crosses the Schuylkill on a lofty iron bridge, adjoining the Girard Avenue Bridge, whence for miles it runs in a straight line past several city stations, the most important being that of Germantown Junction. Thence it passes through a section which Ave have already traversed, including Frankford, Bridesburg, Tacony, and other stations, to Trenton and New York Division. Germantown Cricket Club. 220 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. beyond. The places of interest on this route have been sufficiently described. The Germantown and Chestnut Hill Branch diverges from the New York Division at Germantown Junction, pursuing a route west of that of the Reading line to these points, and distant from it from half a mile to a mile. About two miles from the junction is Cricket Station, near the grounds of the Germantown Cricket Club, which are also near Nicetown Station, on the Reading Railroad. These grounds have been the scene of several notable international games between Philadelphia cricketers and the picked clubs of England and Ireland. Queen Lane Station, in the vicinity of which are many fine country- seats, is succeeded by Chelten Avenue Station, around which spreads the most attractive residence section of Germantown. Near Chelten Station, and parallel with the Avenue, passes School Lane, already spoken of, which extends from Main Street to near the Schuylkill River, a distance of perhaps two miles, and is lined through nearly its entire length with fine residences, some of them unsurpassed in attractiveness by any within the environs of Philadelphia. On this Lane, near Main Street, is the venerable Germantown Academy, erected in 1760-61, "for the purpose of an English and High Dutch or German School," one of the oldest institutions of the kind in the city. The route continues through various stations, each the centre of an attractive residence section, but whose places of particular interest we have noticed in connection with the parallel Reading Railroad. Beyond Mount Airy, and eleven miles from Broad Street Station, is the station of Wissahickon Heights, near which is the well-known Wissahickon Inn, a fashionable summer hotel, much patronized by the elite of Philadelphia, several hun- dreds of whom find accommodations here during "the season." A mile farther on is Chestnut Hill, the terminal station of the road. Chestnut Hill has been for years to Philadelphia a syn- onyme for whatever is attractive in a suburban commu- nity. Elegant residences cover its high-lying grounds and slopes, from which beautiful views of valleys and heights beyond meet the eye in every direction. Among the institu- tions here is the Home for Consumptives, of the Protestant Episcopal City Mission (already mentioned), and the Bethesda Children's Chris- tian Home, a most meritorious charity, which now occupies four buildings, and cares for some two hundred little inmates of either sex. Wissahickon Heights. Chestnut Hill. P. W. & B. Railroad. Chester. THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 221 The two southerly routes of the Pennsylvania Railroad separate near South Street Station, the Wilmington Branch passing near sev- eral charitable institutions already mentioned (the Home for Incurables, the Presbyterian Home for Women, and the Presbyterian Orphanage), beyond which, at Mount Moriah Station, is the well-known Mount Moriah Cemetery, much visited during the summer. The road passes on through a series of attractive towns and villages, occupied principally by business people of Philadelphia, the most attractive of which is Ridley Park, ten and a half miles out, and the seat of numerous handsome residences. Thirteen and a half miles from Broad Street is the thriving city of Chester, of whose river-side manufactories we have already spoken. Chester is the oldest place in the State of Pennsylvania, having been settled in 1643 by the Swedes, who called it Upland. It was long a quiet old town, but has been growing rapidly of recent years, and has now a population of over twenty thousand. Its growth is due to its manufacturing importance, its great ship-yard, print-works, steel-works, machine-shops, cotton-mills, etc., making it a stirring and prosperous place. There are in its vicin- ity two educational institutions of importance, — the Crozer Theologi- cal Seminary, a Baptist institution of high standing, and the Penn- sylvania Military College, an educational establishment of sufficient importance to merit an extended description. This College was incor- porated in 1862 as the Pennsylvania Military Academy, the title of College being adopted in 1892. It stands on a commanding eminence in the north-west section of the city, and comprises a Main Building, four stories high, two hundred and seventeen feet long and fifty feet wide, and accessory buildings, including a Drill-Hall, a Riding-Hall, a Gymnasium, and a Laboratory, all of ample dimensions. The grounds are large, a portion of them of nine acres in area being laid out as a parade-ground. There are four collegiate courses of instruc- tion, the Civil Engineering, the Chemical, the Architectural, and the Academic, each of four years' duration. The Military instruction comprises a theoretical course in infantry and artillery tactics and the elements of military science, and a practical course in infantry and artillery drill and other military exercises and duties, with an optional cavalry drill. In these exercises all students must take part. The institution is supplied with arms and artillery by the United States Ordnance Department. The West Chester Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad is similarly . •.■"!. ■■ : . '•. vc.- 224 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. To Media and West Chester. Swarthmore College. lined with growing residence-towns for the overflow of the popula- tion of Philadelphia. Its most notable station, some- thing over eleven miles from Broad Street Station, is Swarthmore the seat of Swarthmore College, the prin- cipal educational establishment in the United States of the Hicksite branch of the Society of Friends. The principal college buildings are massive structures of stone. Other buildings are the Science Hall, the Astronomical Observatory, and houses for the families of professors, one of whom occupies the historical West House, the birthplace of the celebrated American painter, Benjamin West. Two hundred and forty acres of land are occupied, half of which are devoted to lawns and pleasure- grounds. Students of either sex are admitted. About a mile from Swarthmore is Wallingford Station, surrounded by country-seats of wealthy Philadelphians, some of whom, on their highly-cultivated farms, make a specialty of breeding fancy stock and blooded horses. Fourteen miles from Broad Street Station is the pretty borough of Media, the county-seat of Delaware County, situated on elevated ground and with highly-attractive surroundings. It has the distinction that no liquor has ever been allowed to be sold as a beverage within its limits. One mile beyond Media is Elwyn Station, the seat of the Delaware County Fair Grounds and of the Pennsylvania Training-School for Feeble-Minded Children, a most deserving charity, which has given a home to eight hundred and fifty children of this helpless class. It is divided into four departments, — the Asylum, Nursery, School, and Industrial, — in accordance with the condition of its occupants, and is doing an excellent work. At Williamson Station, nearly a mile bej^ond Elwyn, and about sixteen miles from the city, may be seen one of those noble charitable institutions which give such honor to Philadelphia, the Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades. This institution is richly endowed, it having been established under a bequest by the late I. V. Williamson of $2,250,- 000, all of which is intact, the buildings having been erected from the income of this bequest. These buildings include a large administra- tion edifice, an engine-house (with electric-light plant), workshops, superintendent's and teachers' houses, and a number of cottages, the dwelling-places of the inmates. The family-plan has been adopted, each cottage being under the control of a matron, the wife of one of Media Borough. School for Feeble-Minded Children. Williamson Mechanical School. THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 225 the teachers where available. The institution contains at present about one hundred and twenty boys, but it is proposed to have in all about five hundred. Tuition, board, clothing, etc., are entirely free, and the students are given a good English education, are instructed in drawing and designing, and are thoroughly taught some trade, — their own choice being consulted. The trades at present taught are house-building, machine and other iron work, pattern-making, carpentry, plumbing, and electrical engineering. Farming will also probably be taught, the grounds containing about two hundred acres of land. As to the character of the instruction, it may be stated that the class of bricklayers and carpenters build a complete house, even to making its architectural plans and working drawings. The building is then taken down, to be rebuilt by the next class. This institution cannot fail to be of the highest usefulness. It is in the line of the most advanced modern ideas of education, but differs from manual training-schools in that it teaches complete trades. It is well worthy a visit from all who are interested in educational progress. At Glen Mills Station, about twenty miles from Broad Street, may be seen the new plant of the House of Refuge, which has recently been removed to this locality. This institution was incorporated in 1826 as a private charity for the recla- mation of idle and depraved children, but has been generously supported by public aid. For many years it was situated on Poplar Street, between Twenty-second and Twenty-fourth Streets, but in 1892 was removed to the locality here named, where much more ample accommodations had been prepared for the five hundred and twenty-five boys then under its care. The purpose of this removal was the praiseworthy one of doing away with the prison- like character of the institution, and detaining the inmates by interest rather than by force. This system, which has been successfully tried in several States, is known as the cottage system, the boys being dis- tributed among a number of cottages, as in the Williamson School, just described, and thus divided into family groups, each under the care of what may be called a father and mother, while no walls enclose the buildings, and there are no signs of detention visible. The institution is complete in itself, having its own raihoad service, electric-light plant, chapel, schools, workshops, etc. The trades taught are shoe-making, cane-chair-making, brush-making, tailoring, print- ing, carpentering, masonry, blaeksmithery, etc., while agriculture is diligently prosecuted, there being three hundred and eighty-five acres House of Refuge. 226 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. within the area enclosed. There is great reason to believe that this new system will work much better than the old one of strict detention within city limits. Some three and a half miles beyond Glen Mills is the station of Westtown, near which is the celebrated Westtown School, a Friends' boarding-school which has long been notable in this vicinity. The road reaches its terminus at West Chester, twenty-seven miles from the city, and an attractive old town which is well worth a visit. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, whose station is at Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets, runs southward parallel and in close proximity to the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, their sta- tions being frequently close together. The places of interest on the two roads are the same, and no further description of them is necessary. Ferry Lines to Camden. XXVIII. To Camden and Beyond. Several lines of Ferries, operated for the most part as terminals to railroads that converge at Camden, connect that city with Phila- delphia, the principal lines, commencing on the north, being the Shackamaxon Ferry, which plies between Shackamaxon Street, Kensington, and Vine Street, Camden (where is located the Camden and Atlantic City Railroad Station) ; the Vine Street Ferry, running from Vine Street, Philadel- phia, to Vine Street, Camden ; the Market Street and Federal Street Ferries, running from Market Street, Philadelphia, respectively, to Market Street and Federal Street, Camden (the latter connecting with the New Jersey branches of the Pennsylvania Railroad) ; the Read- ing Railroad Company's Ferries, from their stations near Chestnut Street and South Street wharves, to Kaighn's Point, Camden, where connection is made with the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Division of the Reading Railroad ; and the Gloucester Ferries, from Arch Street and South Street wharves to Gloucester, New Jersey, about three miles distant. Though still, to a considerable extent, a city of residences for par- ties doing business in Philadelphia, the increasing manufactures of Camden are rapidly changing its character to that of an extensive industrial city, its favorable location, bounded on the one side by the navigable Delaware and on the others by practically limitless, avail- able territory for building-sites, rendering the place peculiarly well adapted to manufacturing purposes. Among its numerous industrial establishments are extensive nickel smelting-works, chemical works, ship-building yards, iron-works, machine-shops, dye-works, and manufac- tures of woollen, glass, oil-cloths, soaps, steel pens, etc. Its public institutions comprise a fine new Court-House, a City Hall, a Hospital (called the Cooper Hospital, from the name of its founder), Children's Homes, for both white and colored children (the latter under the care of members of the Society of Friends), numerous Churches, and three National Banks. 15 227 Industries of Camden. Public Institutions. 228 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Horse-railroads traverse the streets of the city, and from the ferry- landings steam railroad lines extend into the country in several direc- tions, the most important being the sea-shore routes, whose patrons to the various points on the New Jersey Coast are numbered, in the sea- son, by the tens of thousands. These railroad routes include the West Jersey, running to Cape May, with branches to Atlantic City and various other sea-side resorts, and to a number of South Jersey towns ; the Camden and Atlantic, to Atlantic City ; the Pennsylvania Railroad route via Mount Holly to Barnegat, Seaside Park, Manasquan, Ocean Grove, Asbury Park, Long Branch, etc. ; the Camden and Amboy, with branches to Long Branch, etc. ; and the Reading Railroad routes to Atlantic City and various inland towns. Of the points of interest reached by these lines, those which lie along the river have already been mentioned. Of the inland towns may be named the thriving village of Palmyra ; the borough of Merchantville, principally inhabited by Philadelphians, near which is the Merchantville Race-Course ; the old-time borough of Moores- town, eleven miles inland, one of the most attractive towns of that section ; and the thriving town of Mount Holly, some twenty miles from Philadelphia, and the seat of large carpet-mills and other manu- factories. The borough of Haddonfield, on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, about seven miles from the city, contains many attractive residences, chiefly the homes of Philadelphians ; and the same may be said of the city of Woodbury, a thriving manufacturing and residence place, on the West Jersey route, a little over eight miles away. Several miles southward is Glassboro', notable for its large glass-works, some of which have been in operation for more than a century ; half-way to the ocean is Hammonton, a busy centre of the fruit-growing in- dustry ; while nearer the sea is the city of Egg Harbor, largely a German settlement, where grapes are grown in profusion, and whose native wines have a wide celebrity. Another celebrated grape-growing settlement is Vineland, on the Cape May route ; beyond which is the active town of Millville. Branches of the road from Glassboro' lead to the cities of Salem and Bridgeton. But, so far as Philadelphians are concerned, the two places of most interest to be reached via Camden are the notable sea-side resorts, Cape May and Atlantic City, places distinctively affiliated with the Quaker City. The first named of these, at the extreme southern end of the State, has been a fashion- Cape May. able resort for generations, its magnificent beach having few equals Atlantic City. 230 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. for surf-bathing in the world. Near by is Cape May Point, a favorite summer resort of President Harrison. Of late years Cape May has settled into a quiet and dignified respectability, its former bustling activity being largely drafted off by its younger rival, Atlantic City, whose nearness to Philadelphia (about fifty-five miles by the shortest route), and its abundant and rapid rail- road service, have made it the favorite of all those to whom time and cost are of importance. Atlantic City is an extensive cluster of hotels, boarding cottages, and private cottages, with accom- modations for very many thousands of guests during the season. Its institutions directly associated with Philadelphia are the Children's Sea-shore House, founded in 1872, and the first of its kind in the United States, with accommodations for about one hundred and twenty-five invalid children and thirty mothers, and the Sea-side House for Invalid Women, in which about eight hundred women are annually received at a very low price for board, nursing, and medical attendance. Both of these are highly useful institutions. There are several other South Jersey sea-shore places reached by rail from Philadelphia, including Longport, Ocean City, Sea Isle City, Avalon, Anglesea, Holly Beach, and others, each with its own attractions for those who wish to enjoy the pleasures of a quiet sea-side residence and to whom the bustle and dissipation of a fashionable resort are a vexation to the spirit. And so, with this brief glance at what may be called the sea-side suburbs of Philadelphia, whither the weary denizens of the city streets betake themselves in multitudes during the summer heats to breathe the cool and health-giving airs of old ocean, and which are rapidly becoming a resort for invalids during the cooler months, we take our leave of the good City of Brotherly Love, after a series of walks through its precincts that have revealed to us a host of ad- mirable institutions, and a number of edifices and industries w T hich have no peers in this country, if in the world. Before bidding Philadelphia a final farewell, however, some men- tion is desirable of the Washington Monument, the most striking work of art in the city. This, a grand equestrian statue, with a lofty and richly-ornamented stone base, the work of Professor Siemering, of Berlin, is the outcome of subscriptions which w r ere begun by the Society of the Cincinnati in 1819, the amount available being now about a quarter million of dollars. The monument, of which an illustration is given on the preceding page, will soon be erected in a suitable location. INDEX, a. Academy of Fine Arts, 24. Academy of Music, 102. Academy of Music (Illustration), 101. Academy of Natural Sciences, 94. Academy of the Sacred Heart, 94. Academy of the Sisters of Notre Dame, 83. Acorn Club, 107. Aimwell School for Female Children, 51. Aldine Hotel, So. Aldine Hotel (Illustration), 86. Almshouse, Blockley, 167. American Catholic Historical Society, 73. American Life Insurance Company, 69. American Philosophical Society, 58. American Steamship Line, 149. American Sunday-School Union, 35. American Tract Society, 35. American Trust Company, 123. American Wood-Paper Company, 199. Andalusia, Village of, 162. Angora, District of, 172. Apartment Houses, 52. Appraiser's Building (U. S.), 143. Apprentices' Library, 80. Arch Street Meeting (Friends'), 81. Ardmore, Village of, 216. Armory of First Regiment, 123. Armory of First Regiment (Illustr'n), 124. Armory of First Troop City Cavalry, 88. Armory of Second Regiment, 79, 126. Armory of State Fencibles, 30. Armory of Third Regiment, 110. Art Club of Philadelphia, 102. Art Club of Philadelphia (Illustration), 103. Association Hall, 35. Asylum of the Magdalen Society, 98. Asylum of the Rosine Association, 100. Athenasum Library and Reading-Room, 73. Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, 97. Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy (Illus- tration), 96. Atlantic City, 228. IB. Bala, Village of, 219. Baldwin Locomotive Works, 119. Baldwin Locomotive Works (Illustr'n), 120. Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Station, 88, 226. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station (Illustration), 89. Bank of North America, 69. Baptist Board of Publication, 35. Baptist Historical Society, 35. Baptist Home for Women, 131. Baptist Home for Women (Illustr'n), 132. Baptist Orphanage, 172. Bartram's Garden, 117. Base-Ball Park, Philadelphia, 128. Baugh & Sons' Chemical Works, 148. Bear Pits, Zoological Garden (Illustra- tion), 177. Bedford Street Mission, 150. Belmont Driving Park, 194, 216. Belmont Landing (Illustration), 200. Belmont Mansion, 193. Belmont Reservoir, 193. Belmont Water- Works, 193. Bement, Miles & Co. Machine-Works, 187. Beneficial Saving-Fund Society. 39. 231 232 INDEX. Bergner & Engel's Brewery, 185. Bethany Presbyterian Church, 117. Bethesda Children's Christian Home, 220. Betz (John F.) & Son's Brewery, 141. Betz Building, 31. Beverly, City of, 162. Biddle Law Library, 33. Blind Asylum, 98. Blind Men's Working Home, 173. Blind Women's Industrial Home, 174. Blockley Almshouse, 167. Board of Trade, Philadelphia, 63. Bordentown, Borough of, 163. Boston Steamship Line, 146. Boulevard, 100. Bourse, Philadelphia, 62. Boys' High School, 121. Bridesburg District and Arsenal, 155. Bridge over Nicetown Lane (IIIus.), 195. Bridgeton, City of, 228. Bristol, Borough of, 163. Broad Street Station (P. R. R.), 31. Broad Street Station, P. R. R. (Illus.), 32. Bromley (John) & Son's Mills, 154. Brown Brothers & Company's Building, 66. Browning Society, 39. Bryn Mawr, Village of, 216. Bryn Mawr College, 216. Bullitt Building, 70. Bullitt Building (Illustration), 71. Burd Orphan Asylum, 175. Burlington, City of, 163. Bush Hill Iron-Works, 119. Bustleton, District of, 158. C. Cable Road, Market Street (Illustr'n), 54. Caledonian Carpet Mills, 182. Caledonian Club, 122. Camden, City of, 227. Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 139, 228. Camden National Bank, 143. Cape May City, 228. Cape May Point, 230. Carpenters' Hall, 70. Carpenters' Hall (Illustration), 72. Cathedral Cemetery, 175. Cathedral, Roman Catholic, 93. Cathedral, Roman Catholic (Illustr'n), 92. Catholic High School, 27. Catholic High School (Illustration), 29. Catholic Historical Society, 73. Catholic Home fur Destitute Children, 94. Catholic Total Abstinence Fountain, 192. Catholic Total Abstinence Fountain (Illus- tration), 193. Cedar Hill Cemetery, 157. Central High School, 121. Central News Company, 73. Central Saving-Fund, 39. Central Sick-Diet Kitchen, 149. Chamouni Lake and Concourse, 194. Chelton Avenue, 220. Chelton Hills, 211. Chester, City of, 161, 221. Chestnut Hill District, 215, 220. Chestnut Street National Bank, 60. Chew House, 213. Children's Convalescent Hospital, 218. Children's Homoeopathic Hospital, 125. Children's Hos]}ital of Philadelphia, 88. Children's Sanitarium, 161. Children's Seashore House, 230. Christ Church, 141. Christ Church (Illustration), 142. Christ Church Hospital, 218. Christ Memorial Church, 170. Church Home for Children, 172. Church Home for Seamen, 150. Church of St. James the Greater, 170. Church of St. James the Less, 197. Church of the Gesu, 135. Church of the Holy Trinity (P. E.), 83. Church of the Holy Trinity (R. C), 73. Church of the Messiah, 126. INDEX. 233 City Hall, 19. City Hall (Illustration), 21, 22. City Hall (Old), 56. City Institute, Philadelphia, 85. City Mission (Protestant Episcopal), 149. City Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 48. Clover Club, 107. Clyde Steamship Lines, 139. College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, 51. College of Pharmacy (Illustration), 50. College of Physicians, Philadelphia, 106. Columbia Avenue Saving-Fund, 126. Columbia Club, 125. Commercial Exchange, 143. Commercial Union Assurance Company, 69. Congress Hall (Old), 57. Conshohocken, Town of, 199. Contemporary Club, 107. Cooper Hospital, 227. Corn Exchange National Bank, 143. Country Week, Children's, 39. County Prison, 157. Cramp's Ship-Yard, 153. Crematory and Columbarium, 213. Cricket Club, Germantown, 220. Cricket Club, Merion, 216. Crozer's Theological Seminary, 221. Custom House (United States), 65. Custom House, U. S. (Illustration), 66. r>. Deaf and Dumb Institution, 213. Delanco, Town of, 162. Delaware Mutual Insurance Company, 69. Devil's Pool to. Indian Rock (Illus.), 206. Devon Inn, 217. Disston Saw- Works, 157. Dobson's Carpet-Mills, 197. Dolan's Keystone Knitting-Mills, 154. Dreer's (Henry A.) Seed Farm, 162. Drexel Building, 63. Drexel Building (Illustration), 64. Drexel (Mary J.) Home, 135. Drexel (Mary J.) Home (Illustr'n), 136. Drexel Institute, 167. Drexel Institute (Illustration), 168. Dupont Powder-Works, 161. Dying Lioness (Illustration), 177. E. Earle's Picture Galleries, 53. Eastern Penitentiary, 138. East Park Reservoir, 185. Edgewater, Village of, 162. Egg Harbor City, 228. Educational Home for Indian Boys, 171. Edwin Forrest Home, 15S. Edwin Forrest Home (Illustration), 159. Eliza Cathcart Home for Incurables, 217. Episcopal Academy, 104. Episcopal Divinity School, 171. Episcopal Hospital, 152. Erben, Search & Co.'s Zephyr- Works, 182. Express Companies, 18. Fair-Hill Square, 153. Fairmount Machine-Works, 182. Fairmount Park Art Association, 184. Fairmount Water-Works, 179. Falls of Schuylkill Village, 197. Farmers' Market, 43. Farmers' and Mechanics' Nat'I Bank, 65. Female Society for the Relief and Employ- ment of the Poor, 62. Ferries to Camden, etc., 227. Fidelity Insurance Company, 66. Fire Association Building, 69. First National Bank, 66. First Presbyterian Church, 75. First Unitarian Church, 85. Fish and Oyster Business (Illustr'n), 144. Fish and Produce Business, (Illus.), 143. 234 INDEX. Fitler (E. H.) & Co.'s Cordage Works, 156. Fort Mifflin, 161. Foster Horne, 138. Fourth National Bank, 71. Franciscan Sisters, Schools of, 216. Frankford, District of, 156. Frankford Arsenal, 156. Franklin Institute, 60. Franklin's Grave, 81. Franklin's Grave (Illustration), 81. Franklin Reformatory Home for Inebri- ates, 48. Franklin Square, 78. Friends' Arch Street Meeting, 81. Friends' Asylum for the Insane, 156. Friends' Central School, 30. Friends' Library, 30. Friends' Meeting (Hicksite), 30. Friends' Orange Street Meeting, 75. Friends' Select School, 30. Fruit Business (Illustration), 145. G. George's Hill, 192. German Hospital, 135. German Society of Pennsylvania, 79. German Society (Illustration), 80. Germantown, Suburb of, 213, 220. Germantown Academy, 220. Germantown Cricket Club, 220. Germantown Hospital, 212. Girard College, 133. Girard College (Illustration), 134. Girard Life and Trust Company, 33. Girard National Bank, 69. Girard Point Elevator, 113. Girard Point Storage Company, 113, 148. Girls' Normal Schools, 122. Glassboro', Borough of, 228. Gloucester, City of, 146, 160. Grace Baptist Church, 126. Graff Monument (Illustration), 179. Grand Opera House, 126. Grant's Cottage, 1S4. Green Hill Presbyterian Church, 137. Green Street Entrance to Park (Illustra- tion), 181. Greenwood Cemetery, 156. Guarantee Trust Company, 66. Guarantee Trust Company (Illustr'n), 67. H. Haddington, District of, 175. Haddonfield, Borough of, 228. Hahnemann Medical College and Hospi- tal, 27. Hahnemann Medical College (Illus.), 28. Hale Building, 39. Hale Building (Illustration), 38. Hammonton, Town of, 228. Handel and Haydn Hall, 80. Harrison Brothers' Paint-Works, 117. Haseltine Art Rooms, 53. Haverford College, 216. Hayes Mechanics' Home, 218. Hestonville, District of, 175. Historical Society (Catholic), 73. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 106. Holmesburg, District of, 157. Holy Trinity Parish House, S3. Holy Trinity School, 75. Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Per- sons, 174. Home for Aged and Infirm Israelites, 211. Home forAged and Infirm Methodists, 127. Home for Aged Couples, 138. Home for Aged Couples of the Presby- terian Church, 175. Home for Consumptives, 150, 220. Home for Convalescents, 174, 217. Home for Destitute Colored Children, 170. Home for Incurables, Eliza Cathcart, 217. Home for Incurables, Philadelphia, 170. Home for Infants, Philadelphia, 174. INDEX. 235 Home for Orphans of Odd-Fellows, 131. Home for Orphans of Odd- Fellows (Illus- tration), 130. Home for the Aged of Both Sexes, 137, 213. Home of the Merciful Saviour for Crippled Children, 170. Hood, Foulkrod & Co.'s Store, 53. Hoopes & Townsend Bolt- Works, 121. Horstinann's (W. H.) Military-Goods Works, 81. Horticultural Hall, West Park, 190. Horticultural Hall, Pennsylvania, 104. Hospital for the Insane, 174. Hospital of the Good Shepherd, 171, 217. Hotels, Location of, 15. House of Correction, 157. House of Mercy (P. E.), 149. House of Refuge, 137, 225. House of the Good Shepherd, 173. House of the Guardian Angel, 171. Howard Hospital and Infirmary, 108. Howard Institution, 131. Hunting Park, 208. I. Independence Hall, 56. Independence Hall (Illustration), 57. Independence National Bank, 63. Independence Square, 58. Indigent Widows' and Single AYomen's Asylum, 170. Insurance Company of the State of Penn- sylvania, 69. Insurance Company of North America, 69. International Navigation Company, 149. Introduction, Descriptive and Historical, 7. J. Jefferson Medical College and Hospital, 48, 10S. Jefferson Square, 151. Jenkintown, Village of, 211. Jewish Foster Home, 213. Jewish Hospital Association, 208. Joan of Arc Equestrian Statue, 184. Journalists' Club, 107. JUL. Kalion Chemical Company, 117. Keneseth-Israel Synagogue, 126. Kensington, District of, 152. Kensington Hospital for Women, 153. Keystone Knitting-Mills, 154. Keystone Saw-Works, 157. Keystone Watch-Case Factory, 138. Kirkbride's Hospital (Insane), 174. Land Title and Trust Company, 60. Land Title and Trust Co. (Illustration), 61. Landreth Seed Farm, 163. Lansdowne Drive (Illustration), 188. La Salle College, 125. Laurel Hill Cemetery, 195. Laurel Hill Cemetery (Illustration of South Entrance), 196. Laurel Hill Cemetery (Illustration of North Entrance), 198. Law Association Library, 73. Lazaretto, 161. League Island Navy-Yard, 160. Lemon Hill, 1S2. Letitia House (Penn Mansion), 189. Lincoln Institution, 52. Lincoln Monument, 182. Lincoln Monument (Illustration), 183. Lincoln Park, 161. Lippincott (J. B.) Company's Book-Store, 53. Lippincott (J. B.) Company's Book-Store (Illustration), 55. Little Sisters of the Poor, 137. Liverpool and London Globe Insurance Company, 69. 236 INDEX. Logan Square, 93. Lu Lu Temple, 123. Lutheran Orphans' Home, 213. Lutheran Theological Seminary, 213. Lying-in Charity, 51. MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan's Type- Foundries, 62. McKeone Soap -Works, 182. Maennerchor Society, 79. Maennerchor, Young, 78. Maennerchor, Young (Illustration), 78. Magdalen Society, 98. Manayunk, Suburb of, 199. Manual Training- School, 122. Manufacturers' Club, 35. Marcus Hook, Village of, 162. Mary J. Drexel Home, 135. Mary J. Drexel Home (Illustration), 136. Masonic Home, 128. Masonic Home (Illustration), 127. Masonic Temple, 20. Masonic Temple (Illustration), 23. Master Builders' Exchange, 60. Maternity Hospital, University, 166. Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary, 211. Media, Borough of, 221. Medico-Chirurgical College and Hospital, 98. Medico-Chirurgical College and Hospital (Illustration), 99. Memorial Hall, 191. Memorial Hall (Illustration), 191. Mercantile Library, 48. Merchants' Exchange, 69. Merchantville, Borough of, 228. Merion Cricket Club, 216. Mermaid Inn, 214. Mermaid Inn (Illustration), 214. Methodist Book-Rooms, 36. Methodist Episcopal Hospital, 110. Methodist Hospital (Illustration), 112. Methodist Episcopal Orphanage, 219. Methodist Home, 128. Midvale Steel-Works, 208. Mifflin Square, 151. Millville, City of, 228. Mint (United States), 36. Mint, United States (Illustration), 37. Monument Cemetery, 126. Moorestown, Village of, 228. Morgue, Philadelphia, 141. Morris (Robert) Residence, 182. Mount Airy, District of, 213. Mount Auburn Cemetery, 156. Mount Holly, City of, 228. Mount Moriah Cemetery, 221. Mount Peace Cemetery, 197. Mount Pleasant Mansion, 186. Mount Vernon Cemetery, 197. Moyamensing Prison, 113. Moyamensing Prison (Illustration), 114. Muhr's Sons' (H.) Jewelry-Works, 30. Municipal Hospital, 128. Musical Fund Hall, 75. Mutual Life Insurance Company, 48. Mutual Life Insurance Co. (Illustr'n), 49. National Bank of Commerce, 143. National Bank of the Republic, 66. National Bank of the Republic (Illus.), 68. Naval Asylum and Hospital (U. S.), 115, 116. Naval Asylum and Hospital, U. S. (Illus- tration), 115. New Century Club, 39. New Century Club (Illustration), 40. New Jerusalem Church, 85. New Jerusalem Church (Illustration), 87. Newspaper Offices, 17. Nicetown, Suburb of, 208. Nixon's (W.) Paper-Mills, 199. INDEX. 237 Norris Square, 153. Norristown, City of, 215. North Pennsylvania R. R. Station, 154. Northern Home for Friendless Children, 137. Northern Saving-Fund, 79. Nurses' Home, University, 166. O. Odd-Fellows' Cemetery, 197. Odd-Fellows' Hall, 25. Odd-Fellows' Hall (Illustration), 26. Odd-Fellows' Home, 131. Odd-Fellows' Home (Illustration), 129. Ogontz School for Young Ladies, 211. Ogontz School (Illustr'n, West Wing), 209. Ogontz School (Illustr'n, East Tower), 210. Oil Refineries, US. Old Ladies' Home of Philadelphia, 156. Old Man's Home, 171. Old Pine Street Church, 147. Old Swedes' Church, 149. Old Swedes' Church (Illustr'n), 150. Orange Street Friends' Meeting, 75. Orphan Asylum, Burd, 175. Orphan Asylum, Philadelphia, 175. Orthopedic Hospital, Philadelphia, 98. Palmyra, Village of, 229. Pasehalville, Suburb of, 172. Passyunk Square, 113. Pencoyd Iron-Works, 215. Penn Asylum, 154. Penn Club, 75. Penn Mansion, 189. Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, 46. Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. (Illus.), 47. Penn National Bank, 62. Penn Treaty Monument and Square, 153. Penn Treaty Monument (Illustration), 153. Penn's Manor, 163. Pennsylvania Bible Society, 73. Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, 52. Pennsylvania Historical Society, 106. Pennsylvania Hospital, 76. Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 174. Pennsylvania Industrial Home for Blind Women, 174. Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 213. Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruc- tion of the Blind, 98. Pennsylvania Life and Trust Company, 58. Pennsylvania Life and Trust Company (Illustration), 59. Pennsylvania Military College, 221. Pennsylvania Military College (Illustra- tions), 222, 223. Pennsylvania Museum and School of In- dustrial Art, 121. Pennsylvania R. R. Company, 70, 144, 216. Pennsylvania R. R. Station (Broad Street), 31. Pennsylvania Retreat for Blind Mutes, 173. Pennsylvania Training-School for Feeble- Minded Children, 224. People's (State) Bank, 65. Peters's (Judge) Residence, Belmont, 193. Philadelphia Abattoir, 176. Philadelphia and Atlantic City R. R. Co., 141, 20S. Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Company, 70, 141, 208. Philadelphia and Reading Terminal Sta- tion (Illustration), 42. Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Wharf Station (Illustration), 140. Philadelphia Art Club, 102. Philadelphia Art Club (Illustration), 103. Philadelphia Base-Ball Park, 12S. Philadelphia Board of Trade, 63. Philadelphia Bourse, 62. 238 INDEX. Philadelphia City Institute, 85. Philadelphia Club, 106. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, 51. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (Illus- tration), 50. Philadelphia Dental College, 98. Philadelphia Dispensary, 75. Philadelphia Home for Incurables, 170. Philadelphia Home for Infants, 174. Philadelphia Hospital, 167. Philadelphia Library, 104. Philadelphia Library (Illustration), 105. Philadelphia Library (Ridgway Branch), 108. Philadelphia Library, Ridgway Branch (Illustration), 109. Philadelphia Market, 169. Philadelphia National Bank, 65. Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, 175. Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, 91. Philadelphia Saving-Fund, 73. Philadelphia Saving-Fund (Illustr'n), 74. Philadelphia School of Design for Women, 125. Philadelphia Society for Employment of the Poor, 151. Philadelphia Stock Exchange, 63. Philadelphia Trust Company, 65. Philopatrian Hall and Literary Institute, 107. Philosophical Society, American, 58. Point Breeze Driving-Park, 113. Point Breeze Gas-Works, 117. Port Richmond, 155. Port Richmond Grain Elevator, 155. Post-Office (United States), 45. Powelton Avenue Station, 176. Powers & Weightman's Chemical Works, SO, 199. Presbyterian Board of Publication, 35. Presbyterian Home for Widows and Single Women, 171. Presbyterian Hospital, 173. Presbyterian Orphanage, 171. Preston Retreat, 100. Produce National Bank, 143. Provident Building, 65. Provident Life and Trust Company, 65. Q. Quaker City Cold Storage Company, 146. Queen Lane, 220. R. Radnor, Village of, 217. Railroad Stations and Offices, 18. Reading R. R. Terminal Station, 41. Reading R. R. Terminal Station (Illus.), 42. Real Estate Investment Company, 73. Real Estate Trust Company, 39. Record Building, 46. Record Building (Illustration), 45. Red Bank, Village of, 161. Red Bank Sanitarium, 161. Reformed Episcopal Church (Second), 85. Residence near Logan Station (Illus.), 207. Residence, West Walnut Street (Illus.), 90. Richmond, District of, 155. Richmond Coal Wharves (Illustr'n), 155. Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library, 108. Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library (Illustration), 109. Ridley Park, Village of, 221. Rittenhouse Club, 85. Rittenhouse Square, 83. Rittenhouse Square (Illustration), 84. Riverside, Village of, 162. Riverton, Village of, 162. Roach's Ship-Yard, 161. Rodef Shalom Synagogue, 123. Roman Catholic Cathedral, 93. Roman Catholic Cathedral (Illustr'n), 92. Rosine Association, 100. Roxborough, Suburb of, 199. INDEX. 239 Royal Insurance Company, 69. Rush Hospital for Consumptives, 91. S. St. Agnes's Hospital, 110. St. Agnes's Hospital (Illustration), 111. St. Asaph's Church, 219. St. Charles Borromeo, Seminary of, 216. St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, 15-1, St. David's Church, 217. St. George's Hall, 30. St. James's Church, 171. St. Joseph's Church, 70. St. Joseph's College, 137. St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum, 75. St. Joseph's Hospital, 137. St. Mary's Church, 70. St. Mary's Hospiital, 154. St. Paul's Church (P. E.), 70. St. Peter's Church, 147. St. Vincent's Home, 94. Salem, City of, 228. Samaritan Hospital (Baptist), 128. Sanitarium, Children's, 161. School Lane, 199, 220. School of Design for Women, 125. Schuylkill Arsenal, 116. Schuylkill Falls Bluff (Illustration), 186. Schuylkill Navy, 184. Schuylkill Navy Athletic Club, 97. Schuylkill Navy Athletic Club (Illus.), 96. Seamen's Friend Society, 150. Seamen's Missionary Association, 151. Seaside House for Invalid Women, 230. Seaside Resorts, Railroads to, 228. Sellers (Wm.) & Co., Machine- Works, 119. Shad-Fishing at Gloucester (Illus.), 146. Signal Service (U. S.), 45. Simpson Print- Works, 161. Sketch Club, Philadelphia, 107. Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, 137. Southern Home for Destitute Children, 110. Spring Garden Institute, 121. Spring Garden Water- Works, 185. Star Braid- Works, 182. State in Schuylkill Club, 162. Steamboat Lines, 139. Stock Exchange, Philadelphia, 63. Strawberry Mansion, 187. Strawbridge & Clothier's Store, 53. Sugar Trust Refineries, 148. Sunday Breakfast Association, 51. Supreme Court (State), 19. Swarthmore College, 224. Sweet Brier from Egglesfield (Illus.), 189. Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, 169. Tacony, District of, 157. Tammany Fish-House, 162. Tarn O'Shanter Group of Statuary, 184. Taylor's Tin-Plate Works, 148. Telegraph and Telephone Offices, 18. Temple College, 126. Temporary Home Association, 79. Terminal Station (P. & R. R. R.), 41. Terminal Station (Illustration), 42. Theatres, Location of, 16. Third Presbyterian Church, 147. Tinicum Island, 161. Torresdale, District of, 162. Tradesmen's National Bank, 63. Trenton, City of, 163. Trinity P. E. Church (Old), 157. Tullytown, Village of, 163. XJ. Union Benevolent Association, 75. Union Insurance Company, 69. Union League of Philadelphia, 33. Union League of Philadelphia (Illus.), 34. Union Trust Company, 60. Unitarian Church (First), 85. 240 INDEX. Unitarian Club, 107. United States Appraiser's Building, 143. United States Court-Rooms, 19, 56. United States Custom-House, 65. United States Custom-House (Illus.), 66. United States Mint, 36. United States Mint (Illustration), 37. United States Naval Asylum and Hospital, 115, 116. United States Naval Asylum and Hospital (Illustration), 115. United States Post-Office, 45. United States Post-Office (Illustr'n), 44. University Club, 107. University Hospital, 164. University Law School, 33. University of Pennsylvania, 164. University of Pennsylvania (lllus.), 165. Veterinary College and Hospital of Uni- versity, 164. Veterinary College (Illustration), 166. Valley Forge, 215. Valley Green Hotel (Illustration), 205. Villa Nova College and Monastery, 217. View above Sweet Brier (Illustr'n), 190. Vineland, Village of, 228. Wagner Free Inftitute of Science, 131. Wakefield Mills, 211. Wakefield Mills (Illustration), 212. Wallingford, Village of, 224. AVanamaker Grand Depot, 36. Walk to Strawberry Mansion (Illus.), 187. Washington Monument, 230. Washington Monument (Illustr'n), 229. Washington Square, 73. Wayne, Borough of, 217. Wayne Junction, 208. West Chester, Borough of, 226. West Jersey Railroad, 139, 228. West Laurel Hill Cemetery, 219. West (Benjamin) House, 224. Western Home for Poor Children, 174. Western National Bank, 65. Western Temporary Home, 174. Westtown School, 226. Whelen Home for Girls, 97. White (S. S.) Dental Manufacturing Com- pany, 39. Whitney Car-Wheel Works, 119. William Penn Charter School, 41. Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, 224. Wills Eye Hospital, 97. Wilmington, City of, 162. Wissahickon Creek, 201. Wissahickon Creek (Illustration), 202. Wissahickon, View of the (Illustr'n), 204. Wissahickon Drive (Illustration), 203. Wissahickon Inn, 206, 220. Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 30. Woman's Medical College and Hospital, 135. Women's Christian Association, 97. Women's Christian Association (Illus.), 95. Women's Homoeopathic Hospital, 128; Wood (R. D.), Building, 65. Wood (Wm.) & Co.'s Pequea Mills, 182- Woodbury, City of, 228. Woodland Cemetery, 167. Working Home for Blind Men, 173. Young Maennerchor Society, 78. Young Men's Christian Association, 35. Z. Zoological Garden, 176. EADING RAILROAD SYSTEM. * ******* * * * The Royal Route BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON, NIAGARA FALLS, MONTREAL, BUFFALO. Royal Blue Line to New York and the East. poughkeepsie bridge route to new england. Scenic Lehigh Valley Line to Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and Chicago. " Royal Route to the Sea" for Atlantic City. Short Direct Line to all Interior Pennsylvania Points — Reading, Harrisburg, Gettysburg, Pottsville, Shamokin, Williamsport, Allentown, Mauch Chunk, Wilkes-Barre, Scranton. 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