z N2I8 itwderat*® Manual Class Book. Copyright^ . CflFiRIGHT DEPOSE NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND By W. S. IRELAND, A. B. Author of Stenotypy — Stenotype Reader — National Speed Practice — National Progressive Drills Inventor of The Stenotype and National Shorthand Machine "The MACHINE Way is the NATIONAL Way" Published by NATIONAL SHORTHAND MACHINE COMPANY Saint Louis 2.S.V .\\z\H Copyright, 1917, by National Shorthand Machine Company SEP 15 1917 ^)C!.A476090 INTRODUCING THE NATIONAL THE most fitting introduction to this text seems to be a very brief story of the development of the National Shorthand Machine — a story full of unusual interest for those that have had part in its making. It has been in the nature of an excursion into a semi-explored field, by a strange travel party — a party made up of producer and consumer, — of developer and user, — of seller and buyer — the one not distinguishable from the other, and each having interests identical with that of the whole party. In other words, the National Shorthand Machine is an interesting example of the possibilites of sensible cooperation, for the National is owned, built, and sold largely by the schools in which it is taught — the producers are also the consumers. Machine shorthand is not a modern art — its development began about the time the typewriter was invented. Aside from spasmodic appearances in various coun- tries, no real progress in the art of machine writing was made until very recently, when through the genius of Mr. "W. S. Ireland the commercial value of the machine as a means of recording dictation was fully established — first through schoolroom practice and second through actual use in the business world. National Machine Shorthand was brought into existence in answer to the insistent demand of the business community for something better — something more accurate, more rapid, more legible — than old-fashioned pencil writing. The answer was given by a large group of aggressive, forward-looking school proprietors and teachers who combined their knowledge and their money in full cooperation with Mr. Ireland in the production of a machine and a system of writing that would adequately meet the needs of the business office. This was an ideal combination. The proprietors and teachers knew the needs of both the school and the office, and Mr. Ireland knew in a most intimate way the history of every effort to perfect a system of machine shorthand writing, in which field his own endeavors had been crowned with unusual success. He also had at his command a remarkable degree of inventive skill — skill amounting to genius — and he gave unsparingly of his time, his thought, and his most earnest effort to satisfy wholly the exacting demands of his school associates who had not hesitated to commit to his care their money and their ambitions to own, control and teach a really effective shorthand writing machine. The story is long, but it is sufficient to say here that every detail of the National Shorthand Machine and of the system of writing that it employs was worked out slowly, safely and scientifically by Mr. Ireland and his corps of trained mechanics, designers, artists, and detail men, in collaboration with a watchful, alert committee of school proprietors and teachers, whose counsel and assistance were requisitioned at every step. Every principle in the system, every word in the text, every line in the various series of students' helps was read and re-read, corrected — gone over again and again — by the most successful teachers in the country, until now, as we offer the National — the machine, the system, the texts — to the schools of our land, we are happy in the thought that we are giving back to the profession its own best thought and best effort, refined and coined into the most precious currency of commerce — the means of superior service. NATIONAL SHORTHAND MACHINE COMPANY. AUTHOR'S WORD For whatever merit this text may have, much credit is due to a committee of eighteen prominent teachers of typewriting and shorthand (both pen- cil and machine) to whom the manuscript was submitted for final revision before publication. These teachers, assembled from every part of the country, carefully reviewed the text sen- tence by sentence, offering as occasion required intelligent, constructive criticism, all of which was thankfully and helpfully received by the author. The unusual care and thoroughness with which the book has been prepared will com- mend it both to teachers and students. It is the purpose of this brief foreword to express to those earnest teachers whose substan- tial assistance contributed so much to the excel- lence of the work my sincere thanks for their cooperation. W. S. Ireland. St. Louis, Mo., July 14, 1917. National Machine Shorthand SECTION ONE Step One 1. The Keyboard. — The National keyboard is made up of twenty-five primary keys, one correction key and four secondary keys. The primary keys are BSCTPHDWLR AOUIE RMFffNKTDGfc. The secondary keys are the two upper long keys containing the figures and the lower long keys containing SWYMN RWffiBSi. The X is the correction key. If all the keys are struck at one time, their letters are printed in the following order: BSCTPHDWLR AOUIE RMFfNKTDGSj NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 2. A word at a stroke. — Any number of keys may be struck at one time and their letters printed in a line across the strip of paper. The initial con- sonants BSCTPHDWLR are written by the left group of keys, which prints them at the beginning of the line or word; the final consonants RMFPNKTDG& are written by the right group of keys, which prints them at the end of the line or word; the middle group prints the vowels in the middle of the line and between the beginning and ending consonants. Initial Final Consonants Vowels Consonants BSCTPHDWLR AO UIE RMFffNKTDGfc Order of Letters ST A R T * Starts T H I NK Think S P R U T 5? Sprouts H U N D & Hounds As most words and syllables begin and end with consonants and have a vowel or vowels between them, the arrangement and division of the National keyboard make it possible, by selecting and striking the proper keys, to write an entire word at a single stroke. The machine itself spaces the paper forward, and each stroke or word occupies an entire line. The words are written under each other down the paper instead of across the page as in ordinary print. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 3. Position at the machine. — The stand, chair and position at the machine all play an important part in the operation of the National. The chair should be high enough to allow the operator to rest the feet on the floor comfortably. The height of the stand should permit approximately the same relation between the stand, chair and operator as is shown in the illustration. The bottom of the elbow is level with the top of the table, while the forearm and wrist rise gradually and assume the posi- tion illustrated. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 4. Correct finger position. — Touch writing only is used on the National. The fingers find the keys by the sense of touch. The eyes never look at the keyboard but at either the dictator or the copy in the text. Each finger has its particular keys to operate and must operate just those keys and no others. Skill in operating the machine depends largely on how the keys are fingered. Correct fingering makes the operation easy, while poor fingering makes it very difficult. The following illustration shows the cor- rect position of the fingers on the keyboard. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 5. Vowels. — nftnnr? xUUULM JLL-^-il m Fingering.— The left thumb operates the A and vowel keys and the right thumb the U, I and E. 6. Stroke of the key. — The thumb should ac- company the key down and press it firmly at the bottom of the stroke, releasing it quickly and permitting it to return completely to its normal position before making another stroke. Never strike a key until sure it is the correct key, but in striking it, do so with a sure, fast blow — not with a slow push. As the thumbs strike the vowels the fingers remain in their curved position, almost touching the keys, as shown in the illustration below. The fingers should never feel tense, rigid or cramped, but should be en- tirely comfortable and relaxed. "^W$<\ m *X "f WOT! %Y) ^"ww^ • NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 7. Corrections. The long key in the middle of the keyboard writes the correction sign. When an error is made in writing a letter or word, strike the correction key and then write the word correctly. When notes are being read, this sign serves as a warning to indicate that an error has been made and correct- ed. Always strike the correction key with the right index finger. 8. Thumb exercise. — Prac- tice the first group until you can write it evenly and easily (with- out hesitating between strokes) before taking up the second group. This should be accomplished by writing each exercise about thirty times. Watch the copy, not the keyboard, THINK each letter before writing it. Do not strike a key until you feel absolutely confident it is the cor- rect one, and then strike it firmly and surely. Write slowly at first; increase the speed as confidence in the strokes increases. AOUIEIUOAOUIE IU0A0UIEIU0 AIOEUAEUOIAUE I0AIEU0AIUE SECTION ONE Step Two The fingers must not point straight out, but should drop in a curved position down close to the keys so as to lose no time in finding the keys for the next stroke. Place the fingers in their normal position on the keyboard and then move them forward and write DO V. If the tops of the hands are level with the key- board and the tips of the idle fingers in their forward movement are barely touching the keys as the D and V fingers go down, the idle fingers will naturally leave the keys slightly. Study the illustration carefully. The double letter V is written for both F and V, and is read as either one or the other according to the context. 8 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 9. Formation of words. — There are three things to be considered in writing on the National; namely, — silent letters, consonants and vowels. a. *The silent letters, being unnecessary, are never written. b. The sounded consonants are written exactly as sounded. c. The sounded vowels are written exactly as spelled. (The o and gh are silent letters) (The o is the sounded vowel and written as spelled) (The last consonant sound is /, hence / is written) (One is pronounced with the sound of w; therefore it is written with w, though it does not occur in the spelling. The e is silent and dropped) (The consonant sound is sh and not s, hence sh is written) Through THRU Brought BROT Laugh LAF One WON Sure SHUR Part PART Store STOR (e is silent) Treat TRET (a is silent) Thread THRED (a is silent) Crow- CRO (w is silent) Sour SOUR '(With certain minor exceptions). NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 10. Finger exercise. — Strike D with the left index finger and V with the right index finger. Practice one line at a time. Each line should be written thirty times. Keep your eyes and attention DA0UIEFEIU0A firmly on the copy; do not look at the copy, then the keyboard, then DOnrUDEMAF the copy and again the keyboard, etc. % Do all writing by the sense of U I PDFAUFDOFE touch. 11. Word signs. — Though all words may be readily written in full on the National, short word signs are used for a few of the fre- quently occurring words. Never write out in full a word for which there is a word sign. D did EF ever, every F have, of t he A an U you By the use of word signs two or more words may often be written in a single stroke. This is called "phrasing." Instead of writing D U H for Did you have? (which re- quires three strokes), by using the word signs for these three words, this phrase is written at one stroke: D U V 10 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 12. Words written alike. — / hear her coming here. Different words written alike are I read correctly by context; HER, H En her, hear, here. q M t N H ER 13. Punctuation. — All exer- cises should be punctuated as writ- ten. -FNTG . (period) BCPD ? (interrogation point) The period is written by the four fingers of the right hand striking the four outside keys of the upper row; likewise the four fingers of the left hand write the question mark. These arbitrary signs are written for the punctua- tion because they stand out boldly on the page of notes. In reading, the eye will note the unusual sign very readily, which aids materially in understanding at a glance what has been written. 14. Word practice.— Write the entire exercise each time with- out even once taking the eyes off the printed page. It is the duty of the fingers to find the keys and do the writing, while the eyes are fastened to the copy. Write every stroke accurately* Never make a stroke until sure the fingers are on the correct keys. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 11 Write fifteen times. day you due he dough an dove off have eve Dave ever do every deaf eave die of dive off did have do ever due he dough of every an did you of ever he Were the idle fingers close to the keys and in their proper position while writing this entire exercise? 15. Writing exercise. — This exercise is to be written from dictation or copied. Write fifteen times. Did-you ever dive? You-have an off day. Do-you ever have a day off? Did-you-have a dove? Did-he-have every dove? Did-he die? You-have a dove. I did-have every dove. When the exercise is dictated, watch the lips of the dictator. Words connected by hyphens are to be phrased (all written in a single stroke). Striving for absolute accuracy and learning to phrase early in the course will save much time and hard work in gaining speed later on. SECTION ONE Step Three There are no home, or anchor, keys in the operation of the National. The normal position of the fingers over the divid- ing line is rather a starting point than a place where the idle fingers are to remain or to which they are to return. As the index fingers strike W and I? the fingers naturally assume the position shown in the above illus- tration. Notice how easily the fingers seem to strike these keys and how "ready" they are to locate and strike any other keys. f? is written for both p and b. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 13 16. Finger exercise. fci£_^ LJULJ 1 cz Strike N with the left index finger and i? with the right index finger. When writing DN, oper- ate both keys with the index finger by striking both of them over the dividing line between the two. Write each exercise thirty times. DNAOU I U A W W V U ff D Uf DA? EFfFE £ F W FDF The finger exercises develop the movements of the fingers and train them to find the keys readily. In each lesson such exercises should be practiced very thor- oughly and carefully. This will make the word practice much easier. IHrFDUPEF Permanent habits are now being formed; form them correctly. Remember: Eyes on the copy; never on the machine. 17. Corrections. — If an error is made several words back, strike the correction key once, rewrite the last correctly written word (which will show where the correction begins); then write the correct copy. 18. Word signs. — {? be, been, -body W were, with Note the use of word signs in forming words in which the word sign is a part. EF?, everybody. 14 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 19. Word practice. —The words in the word practice are so arranged that they may be prac- ticed across the line forward and backward or down and up the col- umn. Practice all four ways. DEI? , deep (Necessary to write only one e) WEf, weep Keep the eyes on the copy while the hands do the fingering. Do not look back and forth from keyboard to copy. Write through the exercise each time without taking the eyes off the copy. Write fifteen times. web been way dope with up dub with deep wave been dip dab wipe be were deep wife he everybody be weep dupe wove dope way deep were everybody were dip wave been wipe been 20. Writing exercise. — Write fifteen times. We-have-been with-you. Were-you up? Did-he-have a wife? We-have-been due a day. I weep with-everybody. Were-you ever with Dave? Do-you ever weave? You were with-everybody. I-have-been with Dave. We weave a web. Did Dave ever weave with-you? Do not strive for speed. Write with an even "pace," not pausing between words, but the instant the fingers strike the keys for one stroke the eyes should be on the next word. Look straight at the copy during the entire exercise and think hard — keeping the fingers con- stantly busy finding and striking the correct keys. SECTION ONE Step Four The index fingers reach over to oper- ate the L and R keys. The idle fingers move slightly forward and are comforta- ble and relaxed while L and R are being struck. 1 Notice that the idle fingers are curved, almost touching the keys. These fingers must never point straight out. As the thumb strikes a vowel and the index finger strikes R, the hand rises slightly and moves forward just a trifle so that the index finger may strike the upper key without the under part of the finger touching the lower key and carrying it down part way also. 16 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND The middle finger moves over to the fourth row of keys to strike I? while the index finger strikes R, as in warp. The hand rises slightly to make the fingering easy. The middle finger points almost straight down, so that the end of the finger strikes the f . The index finger is extended, striking the R key about the middle in order to clear the lower key. The two idle fingers must not move towards the middle far enough to leave their positions. 21. Fingering. Write each exercise twenty times. Use the left index finger for L — > — ^ — " *■ — x and the right index finger for R. ^_j-^T=^==p_i ^__^====pT===r^====p l _^ l DWLAOU I ERFf FR E I U A L W LADORFEH FfLU D FHRIf PUNELR A ^ NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 17 22. Vowels. — The following examples show how to write various vowels: written I as LI in lye ow OU DOUR dower ou ou OUR our AW AU LAU law- AU AU DAUB daub EI A NA weigh OO OE LOEF loop In all words containing oo, both o's must be written to avoid conflicts; hence, oo is written OE. Woo, WOE (Not read woe, as woe is written WO); wooer. WOER. 23. Word signs. — — R are OR order L will (verb) Final consonants (those written by the fingers of the right hand) are indicated in this book by a hyphen before the letter. Initial R is printed R; final R is printed -R. 24. Word practice. — It is very important that the U key always be struck with the right thumb, as the vowels AU or OU are frequently written at the same stroke. In such instances the right thumb must strike the U and leave the left free for operating A or 0. Layer, LAER; weigher, WAER; yo ur, UR Write ten times. dare wipe lobe war are laugh will lay order dower law weigher daub hour dear leap weigh order lye wore life wire deer low door are lap wear loop your are lure wooer dire live dip love dye daub hour leave door layer will lip warp ear dwarf or 18 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 25. Writing exercise. — Practice this exercise both from dictation and by copying from the text. Write ten times. Accurate writing requires accurate thinking Will-you ever-be a wooer? Will-you order a door? Will-he-have an hour off? Will-he-have a loop of wire? We-are due. Will-he-have a day off? Will-you wire your order? We-have your order. Will-he-be a dwarf? We-have an order every day. A door will warp. Will-he leave an order with-you? A weigher will-be with-you. Will-you weigh a layer of dough? Remember to write the punctuation at the end of every sentence. SECTION ONE Step Five Showing the fingers writing the word roam, ROM. ^^^^W> XSNS N ^U^\\\wV '^ \\^\V^f> """ i "" ii "iiiiiiiiillliiiiiii||||||||||iiim' Showing the correct fingering when striking M. 20 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Striking UMff as in lump. 26. Fingering. — tt^i Strike initial R with the left ={ index finger and final M with the right index finger. J NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Write twenty copies of each exercise. DWLRAOU I E-RHFf FM-RE I U A R L W L f -R F W P F L W -R M F D F R H F D LffHFD ^^pv^p^^^^^ 21 Showing R and M in the word arm struck together by the index finger of the right hand. Note how the two keys are operated by the end of the finger striking over the dividing line. 27. W before R. — Always write the W before R (though silent) to avoid conflict. WRAP wrap (without the W might be rap) WRI wry (without the W might be rye) 28. Word signs. — R are • am, many 29. Extra strokes. — When nee- In this book a plus sign is used essary to use more than one stroke, to indicate the division between divide the word at the most natural strokes. point. A+WAR aware A+DOR adore 22 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND A+LOU allow A+RER arrear A+RIF arrive A+LOI alloy In such words the consonant is omitted in the first stroke and written only in the second. 30. Word practice. — Write seven times. LAM, lamb; DUM, dumb; L I M, limb, (b is silent) dime rare lime rave deem roar warm many drop dome are rove worm raw wrap roof lame robe lamb ripe dumb room alloy rum adore reap array rum loom rough arm rub many roam dim arm limp arrear leap am layer rip law row our rye door alarm allow romp dream roam wry rump doom lump rib am drove am droop many drive alloy limb arrive allay array adore awry 31. Writing exercise. — Write seven times. Will-many-be away? I-am with Dave. Will-he-have many-of our deer? Are-you lame? Did-he ever order a robe? Are-you away with-your wife? Will- you ever-be lame? Dave will-be away many a day. I-am due with-you. Will-he-be lame? Will-he allow you a dime? I-am aware-of a row. Will-you order our lime? Will-you-have a robe with-you? Roy will-order your lime. Will-you-have a dime? Are-you aware-of a rough row? NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 23 Exercise for skill. — The following exercise makes use of all the principles and word signs of Section One, and is particularly arranged for developing speed. Practice it both by copying from text and from dictation until the required rates are attained. The surest way to obtain speed on the National is to practice for accuracy. If you write the exercise over and over, writing it correctly each time, you will find your speed increasing very rapidly. Inaccu- rate writing will retard speed. Practice the exercise while studying Section Two. It contains 100 words, and you should be able to write it perfectly at the rate of 60 words per minute at the completion of Step One, Section Two 70 words per minute at the completion of Step Two, Section Two 80 words per minute at the completion of Step Three, Section Two 90 words per minute at the completion of Step Four, Section Two 100 words per minute at the completion of Step Five, Section Two We are warm. Were you dry? Are you warm? I have a dime. We have an arm. I have our law. Wrap up your rye. He will be with you. Did you have an oar? Will he ever be away? I have been with you. Will you weigh our door? Will Roy order our lime? Roy will order your lime. I am aware of your dream. Will everybody be with you? Did he ever have your warm room? Will you ever allow Dave a dime? Will you order many of our deer? Will he daub your robe with our lye? Rate per minute 60 words 70 words 80 words 90 words 100 words Time 1 min. 40 sec. 1 min. 26 sec. 1 min. 15 sec. 1 min. 6 sec. 1 min. sec. SECTION TWO Step One Correct position for striking PR Oas in proud. Note the easy, comfortable position of the idle fii "fingers. 32. Finger exercise. — Write Strike P and N with the middle each exercise twenty times. fingers. 1. P D W L R -R H F H ? F M -R R L W D 2. DLfPHFLFWNHP NHFRFPHNPDP LRWFNFP ^ CZ ^ ~D C M/foi In practicing double consonants, write both characters together. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 25 3. PL -RM PR WR -RF -M? DR -R? -RN PR -RM PL WR PR -RF DR PL -Rfr The idle fingers should curve down towards the keys in a re- laxed position. 33. Word signs. — AN and — N in, no, know UITN upon 34. Word practice. — Study carefully the follow- ing examples. RAIN rain PAIR pair PLAIN plain WAIF waif DU dew PU pew AM+PER ampere A+PLI apply PROFN LEFN RAPN DEFN OMN RUFN LAMN LEMN LIN+EN LIN+N or proven leaven raven deepen omen roughen layman lemon linen Silent i in ai is always written. This distinguishes a/-words from a-words. Rain is written RA I N not RAN. Always write u for ew. To write the e in proven, etc., would require an additional stroke and be of no particular advantage in reading. Such un- important vowels are omitted when doing so will save a stroke. When omitting such a vowel does not save a stroke, it may be written or dropped at the discretion of the operator. 2S NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND WOMN WIMN woman women Written W I MN to distinguish from woman. -N+F PLUM ERN LU nobody plumb earn lieu Write ten times. Keep the eyes on the copy during the practice of the entire exercise. pray win run prop poor loin lean plow prime wren know low play and plow rain and pave pair lain wren no wine proof dump am lump and are no law pay pipe upon warm pair probe down wrap law warp linen ampere worn drop lieu warm dump adorn waif dwarf plane aim lamp plain drew dew nobody woman pump women apply aim dew earn warm air lump proven lieu alarm open order woman due aim roughen deafen pew layman drew lemon probe loop probe ripen plumb lamp order were every did ever will many are been with 35. Writing exercise. — Write ten times. Write the complete exercise each time without taking the eyes from the copy. Accurate writing is a most important habit to de- velop; inaccurate work will form a very dangerous habit and one which will be very hard to overcome. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 27 This book is to develop accuracy and thorough- ness and to lay the foundation for speed. Lay it well. I-have your order. I-know of-no way. Did-he leave-no proof? Will-you-be on your lawn? Did-he leave upon your order? Will-he-have many? You-know everybody and I-know nobody. Will-you order a plane? He did order a plow. Did-you loan your pan? Did-you play on a damp lawn? We-have a pure wine. I-know you-are a layman. Will-he-know you-are-in? Dave and I were-ona lawn. We-are on an open plain. Will-you live in a warm room? We-are-in line. We-have a plow on order. Are-you damp? You-have an alarm. Drop your wrap and play on. Are-your linen and robe on a damp lawn? SECTION TWO Step Two The illustration shows the fin- gers writing URK as in lurk. In order that the middle finger may conveniently strike the K while the index finger is striking the R, the wrist bends in towards the center of the machine. Note also that the idle fingers are curved down towards the keys and in a relaxed position. ^rC I T^r,^rrf * >t^ 1 fe| L R [ fcl " n|jH@M M@u ■ — * * — ^ i — i \j i — 1 /-= — ' » — , i/mm Strike H and K with the middle fingers. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 29 36. Finger exercise. — The mind must always keep ahead of the fingers. Write twenty times. 1. P H D W L R -R M F f N K N S F M -R R L W D H 2. WHNKPffHFPFWKHPKNWHNKPW f P P K H N H D K -R P R N L H W f P P 3. HW PL -RK DR PR -RN PL DR -RK PR -RN HW DR PL 37. Word signs.— -K can (verb) H how HWA what HWE when WR where HW whether HWI which PL I reply 38. Word practice. — Study these important ex~ amples. HWAK whack HWARF wharf HWIF whiff HWIM whim HNIN whine HWI why HOE? whoop HO who Wh at the beginning of words usually has the sound of hw and is so written; whip, HWI?. The W is silent and not written. 30 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND HWI+EF whichever HWAEF whatever WREP wherever HWE+EF whenever HI FN hyphen HASN happen HEFN heaven WEK+EN weaken LIK+EN liken DRUNK+EN drunken OK+EN oaken HARK+EN hearken PLUK Accuratt pluck i thinkine <3 Keep the eyes on the copy; not on the keyboard. Write ten times. hear plank hope duck harm link heaven liken why wreck how everybody who rake which can ham pack weaken luck when hyphen look nobody happen are how can rack whoop drink whether prank oaken whim drunken when will park darken poke air where wick how dare lack why rack can what look whoop reply pick liken harm duck hope plank hear door pluck work drunken can how wick whatever order you did hove he and upon know whenever pluck hip liken why are drink nobody whine heaven wick hear reply hoof happen lieu work whenever luck many rake look whichever upon know air wherever nobody prime link whatever wreck heaven worn where NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 31 39. Writing exercise. — Work for accuracy. Keep the eyes on the copy continuously. Keep the fingers curved towards the keys. Write ten copies; strive to make every one of them perfect. You-can be here when I arrive. How-can we-know what rock you will-order? How-many will-he order? We-have a rough plank. Which-can you-have? Will-he-know what we-can have? What luck did-you-have? Which order will pay-you? Did-he-have your hack? Will-nobody-know what-can happen? Will-you-know which I-can have? Pick up your harp. Will-you-have an order when you arrive? When-can we-have a dock? Which half did-you pick? How-many do we-have-in our pack? How-can I-know when Dan will- be due? Where-and when did-he hire a hack? Rake and pack a heap of hay. What will-you do? Where-can he-be? When will-he-be here? We-can rake your lawn. Do-you-know whether -many will-be here? How-many did-you-have? Were-you-in a wreck? What luck did-you-have? What-can he do? Do-you-know what-he-can do? How-do-you pick a duck? When will-he-know what-your order will-be? How-many are-in your room? Which wreck were-you-in? What work did-you do on your lawn? What will-be-in her reply? SECTION TWO Step Three Illustrating the fingering in the word chart. The hand bends out slightly at the wrist so as to make it easy for the ring finger to strike C while the middle fin- ger strikes H. This permits the ring finger to strike its key without carrying the lower key down also. The thumb pulls in under the hand to strike A. 40. Finger exercise. — Write twenty times. 1. CPHDWFfNK-TKN fFM-RRLWDHPC Strike C and -T with the ring fingers. PNC-THKC-TKNHL-RRHK MCNP-TH-TCKCNH-TKP NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 33 3. CL -RT -KT CH -PT CL -NT CR -FT -RT CR -FT CH -ST CR -KT CL -NT -RT CH 41. Word signs. — C can (verb), com-, con-, col-, cor-, -T it, the -NT not ffKDSi , (comma) 42. Word practice. — Study carefully the uses of all the principles illustrated in the following examples : C has the sound of k. A+DOFT adopt E+RUffT erupt AKT act E+REKT erect CIND kind CEff keep CPAR compare CDUKT conduct CRUST corrupt CPLAIN complain CDEM condemn C+CUR concur C+CAF concave CLEKT collect COMK comic COM+A comma COMT comet CERT+AIN certain AK+CEfT accept C-NT cannot C for com-, etc., is used in same stroke with remainder of word when possible. Com is part of the body of these words (not a prefix) and is writ- ten out in full. C is used for com-, con-, col- and cor- only when they are prefixes. Initial C is used for hard or soft c. 34 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Write seven times. can adopt wrote damp claim not plot it check wrought write clamp drink act cheat keep erupt chip came debt which kick compare erect have crown upon date coat writ adept put compare drive went compact cannot when aim light where crank comply pint what it adopt how everybody conduct condemn order dump correct wait know complain whethei the concave ■ erect drunk have corrupt accept with it damp chain drink what concur adept many cannot why know charm did act collect the ampere can (verb) 43. Writing exercise.- Write seven j times. He put a dent in-the pan. Did-he collect the debt? How late did-he wait? He caught the car. Will-you come-in? He wrote it on-the draft. Can-he clamp-the chair with- it? He wrote the home plant. Compute the count and correct the rate. I-know we-can lift the clay out of-the cave with-a rope. With which order will-you com- ply? Will-you condemn-the light in- the park? Will-you come here and write? Wait here and order a hack. Keep-the room clean. Did-he correct the count? Did-the court condemn-the crown? He did-not know-it. Did-he collect the claim? How did-he compute the rate? Do-you care whether-he-can come or-not? Can-you draw-it out of-the can? Clark cannot complain of-the claim. Clay will-not comply with-your order. I-have-it in-the right drawer. When he came here he went right out. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 35 I-have-not been-in-the car. I-have-been-in-the park. Did-you-not have-it in-the pocket? I cannot complete the work. The check will-not be written with ink. Did-you-have-the car? We-have your order-of even date. How-will-he order-it? He did-not have-the complete claim. When you-are here you-can com- pute it, and I-can learn whether- or-not he-can allow-the claim. I-have-not been on-the plank. Will-you-not write? How-will-the order come? When you order-the pipe, have-it cut. Our complaint will-be complete. Will-he-have-it in-the crate? Did-he ever order-the clamp? Will-you-not order-the coat? Where did-you write the check? SECTION TWO Step Four Fingering END in the word send. The hand rises a little to allow the ring finger to strike D as the middle finger goes forward to strike N. cr D C Finger T and -D with the ring fingers. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 37 44. Finger exercise. — Write twenty times. CTPHDWLR-RMFSNK-T-D-TK NSFM-RRLWDHPT -D P T N -T C K P -T T -D C K P N -D H -T T L M R C T -R -T C -D TH -SD -KTD TR -MD -ffTD THR -RND -KD -NKD THW -FD TW -FTD THR -RMD -ffD TW -RKD TH -RD TR -ND THW 45. Word signs. — -D did T it, the TH that THR there, their THI this 46. Word practice. TRETD treated THIND thinned TRAffD trapped TUFTD tufted RAMD rammed CLERKD clerked DROSD dropped CTEND contend A+DOffTD adopted PROFD proved RASD rabid THA they PRA prey D in final ecfis sounded d or t; as, rammed, RAMD; trapped, TRASD; landed, LAND+D. In all instances, it is written D, the vowel e being dropped. CHURND CAN+DID THRET+END HARD+END A+WARD+D churned candid threatened hardened awarded In these words y is a vowel; ey is written in the same man- ner as ei in weigh, etc. See paragraph 22. 38 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Write seven times. tired did hardened dropped threaten there cried load thumb armed upon hand harmed lifted threaded kind it thank twine word thick dated wind roved reared through tracked paid wound thump threw card looked this wired teem that lard trapped round that think the then tweed plowed thinned lump than dyed many loved tuned whether proud tufted thwart crowd dye tin thrown dread ribbed treated am learned tripped rabid every trimmed their loud darkened true contend wide thrive did collide rented they content rammed dead twin threaten dropped clerked tan linked hard thanked proved churned landed charmed adopted turned kind tamed acted locked candid thanked hardened 47. Writing excercise.— Strive for absolute accuracy. Doing any one thing over and over perfectly is certain to develop speed, and writing the exercises accurately time after time is the sure way to obtain speed in machine shorthand. Make accuracy first and speed second in importance. Write seven times. Did-you-know that-he would be here? He-did not care to-be there. That-order did-not arrive-in time. This pipe did-not come-in time to-be packed with-the pump. Whether-or-not the tank can- be packed will depend upon-the crate. There can-be-no reply to this. Their-order will-be here at that time. That-will-be packed late. The-order will-be delayed a day. We-have had their-order here a day. There will-be a can of paint on their-order. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 39 It-did-not come crated. We-did not know that-you would be here. Will-he-be content with this order? It-will-be paid. The tin will-be weighed. Do-not attempt to load the tin. He tore this off too. You-did the hard work. The car collided with-the train. The twine will come packed. Will he try to rob them? That train will run on time. The paint will-be thinned. I-did not work at that time. He took-it to-the wharf and threw-it off. They had done-the work when I arrived. SECTION TWO Step Five 48. Finger exercise. — Strike B and -G with the little fingers. The third exercise, containing the combinations of consonants, will be especially helpful in the practice work. Some of these combinations may seem diffi- cult at first, but constant finger practice will enable you to write them easily. Write each group twenty times. BCTLRFFNK-T-D G-TKNM-RWDTCB T-TB-DCGHKBGL-R T C-D -TBKGT-DCGTB-DCBTKG BL -RG BR -RSG BL -RFG -KG BR -NKG -NG -RMG -MBG BR -NG BL -DG -R?G BR 49. Word signs. — B be-, but -G go, gone, -ing NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 41 50. Word practice.- the machine. -Practice these examples on BLO below BLONG belong BHIND behind . CHANG change -G is used for both final g and BR 1 NG+G bringing J sounds. LOEKG looking CHARG+G charging TIG tying G+G going ?G being THING thing HUR+I hurry In all such words y is a vowel and BER+I berry is written 1. HUR+I G hurrying BLANKT blanket BUDG+ET budget WOUT without CUN+TRI country Write seven times. blow thing bar drag beef pig bone hang break ring book drug black wrong be gone bank long bent large but going bought log blame gone bring go boot cage broom carving breaking looking blanket trying playing crying beating change rending hinge brown running brick working thanking become kind trained behind crating below reaming tying crated behead living blanket routing behoove packing being happened beware waiting belong gone but without cherry where i hurry when pity with city party beauty plenty bury tardy happy dirty 42 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 51. Writing exercise. — Punctuate as you write. Write ten times. But-I cannot correct the order without knowing how- many there were. Did-you-go with him on that trip? Were-you-gone when-the order came? Where did-you-go? He did-not take many-of them with him, but-had plenty. It-will-go prepaid. I-am-going to write him when I arrive home. We-are-going on a long trip through-the country. Will-he-be-gone when I arrive there? Your order, being on-the way, ought to arrive-in a day. We ordered a brown blanket, but-it-did-not come. You-are running behind on our order. We want an iron ring around the brick. We-have a large order to put up. What kind of brick were-you wanting? Are-you working on our type? Bring the type you-have-been ninning. When they-go hunting they take their blanket with them. We had been-gone about an hour and a half when he came. Where did-you-have that lot of wood? He would like to-go with-you on that trip. I-have to-be at the plant at that time. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 43 Exercise for skill. — Practice the following exercise for skill while studying Section Three. The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 1 min. 40 sec. at completion of Step One, Section Three 1 min. 26 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Three 1 min. 15 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Three 1 min. 6 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Three 1 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Three How did it act? Put a comma here. It acted like this. Can it be in the linen? Did you collect the debt? Upon what did they condemn him? How can you reply to their plea? What were you doing in that city? Who kept the party out in the rain? Where and which way did the women go? They are bringing no change with them. They have gone and have left him behind. I think they went this way, but I do not know when. I did not know whether or not he took the awning there at that time. SECTION THREE Step One 52. Finger exercise. — z> c Strike S and Si with the little fin- gers. Write twenty times. BSCTPHNK-T-DGfcG-D-TKNHPTCS CS-D&BP&SGB&ST&GB&S-TCfcSGBb ST -NKfc STR -RTSi SPL -NDSi SCR -NGSt SW -Mb 53. Word signs. — S is, also as in phrases Si is, also as in phrases D-fc Dear Sir 54. Word practice. — Practice the illustrated words on the machine until they are written easily and rapidly. Write Si for final Z. Write S for initial Z. DASl+D dazed HASi+l hazy SINK zinc SOE zoo NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 45 -D& didst BE5? best PA* paste WOR* worst e+s 1 $»+-TG consisting Slfc+TER sister HAfc+TI hasty Afc+K ask Rlfc+CI risky TAfc+K task SPASh-M spasm CAfc+M chasm PRIfc+M prism L I ft+ff lisp PA?* paper LADS* ladder BAR?* barber STOR store BUR+ID buried BER+lfc berries PASfc+fc papers POERfc poorer SHUG& sugar LAfffc+ER laborer LOfc+ERfc losers BORDfc boarder E+LEKTfc elector In writing words ending in st, and ste drop the t. When dropping the t would not save a stroke, write it. When final consonants occur in an order that cannot be written in the same stroke, as sk, sm, etc., write as much of the word as possible at the first stroke. & is written for final r whenever so doing will save a stroke; as P0ER&, poorer. In all other cases, however, use — R, as & must never be used for r unless its use will save a stroke. In such a word as papers, which might be written either PA&5H-& or PAS+ERfc, PASfc+& is the preferred form. In this manner the operator becomes accustomed to writing one out- line only for a word, adding % to form the plural ; whereas writing PA§*+ERSl would mean practicing two outlines for the word, one PAffc for the singular and the other PAE+ER& for the plural, which is not advisable. sew An exception to Paragraph 34. 46 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND ROft+ft pr i ft+ft roses prices In such words, e is the last stroke. dropped in idea l+DE chemist C EM+ 1 ft opening OfNG preference PREFft+ENft compliance C P L 1 N ft absence Afft+ENft clearance CLERNft residence REft+DENft conscience C+S H E N ft evidence EF+DENft buying B 1 G assistance A+S 1 ft+TANft Write ten times. steam hands bonds stocks ship brass price soft sweet boots loans shoes streets blaze dusk same soon bags is some saws cause as zoo splits best bestow saying zinc becoming purse storing scrap craze containing swept paper spasm rasp poorer worker seeks took stronger shipper desk prism harder larger duster rest softer slower ask didst heater bigger lost swept barber braces rafter ladder turning houses springs broker comprises prices roads timber opening renters pounding sweep since sending list chemist swear presses rusty cost clearance residence task test preference conscience sister trust license compliance roast clasp difference absence swing chasm best evidence sweet buying chance assistance lost swore concise shares better bids risk seem higher besides worst states consist consisting chest buzz dusty seizes hasty ounce swift NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 47 55. Writing exercise. — Write ten times. Ship as-many-as you-can by boat. Is-the car on-the way to-the shops? How-is it that-you-have-not shipped our last order? Ship us as-many-of-the same size as-you-can. Should you-have-it in stock, please send us some at once. His idea-of what was said is somewhat hazy. The book-is short and concise. These are-the best bags we-can offer our trade. Do-you think your sister will buy that residence? He asked whether-or-not I thought it-would be risky to buy those big rasps. We did-not have-the iron step-ladder in stock then. I learned that some-of your boarders were barbers. We-have-no preference as-to-the kind of saws you buy. The house writes that-you-are opening an elaborate boot and shoe store. The chemist has not tested that acid since the ware- house burned. I saw them crossing a bridge over the chasm. They erected the houses of-the zoo on-the edge of-the park. We-are out of clasps at this time but-will ship them-as soon-as they-can be had. We wired you-not to ship-the last order-of spring hinges, as-it-is too late in-the season to-use them on screen doors. How-is it that we-have-not had a reply pertaining to-the heater in our warehouse? Your prices are higher than we-have-been paying on-the same class of stock. This paper is as-poor-as the rag paper you shipped us in-the last car, about which we complained to-you. SECTION THREE Step Two 56. Combination letters.— Letters not on the keyboard are represented by the combination of other letters. For instance, initial G, having no key of its own, is represented by CT. Write CT for G. Write -RM for -L. 57. Word signs.— -Dfc -shun suffixes TIRM (TIL) until -RM (L) will (verb) ^ T D C I* 01 -Dfc is written for all suffixes, or "word endings," having -shus* ■ -shun, 'ShaU or -ashun sounds represented by the spellings -tion, -tial, -cious, -ation, -scious, etc. Partial, PARDfc; cushion, CUDfc; pension, PENDfc; ration, RADS. 58. Word practice. — Practice several times on the machine. First practice from the column giving the outlines of the words, then from the words themselves, cover- ing from view one column while practicing from the other. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 49 CUDS) cushion SU+SP I DSt suspicion DE+SCR I ffDfc description SPEDSt special PARDS* partial DL I DSt delicious C-DS* conscious DREKDSt direction CPLEKDS* complexion SLEKDfc selection L0KD& location CPLIKDS* complica tion D 1 KTD& dictation ANKDSl anxious RERMDS* relation REG+URMDS* regulation SARM+UTDS* salutation A+CUSh-DS* accusation PER+SWADS* persuasion 0PS*+DSl operation CRISh-CHAN Christian RE+LIG+US* religious CTLAD glad CTRINDG grinding CTRAD+UDS* graduation CARKTS* character POSH- ID* position POSh-EDSi possession 0+POft+IDS? opposition CPOSi+IDSl composition BAM balm PAW palm E is unimportant and dropped. C for prefix con and -DS* for suf« fix sound -shus. J is unimportant and dropped. E is unimportant and dropped. Has sound of ank and -shus. May also be written with a in last syllable. A+CUSH-ADSi. Do not come under the -shun principle. Before m, / is silent and not written. 50 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Write ten times. great build dull grand gloom twist swell larger grain will (verb) help dwelling bulb shelves green dealt ball group ground beginning until boiling gage dull will (noun) sales begun willing well grading howling stares gripping poles compiling grief selling condition compels pension cushion attraction attention collar special essential contention illusion partial bumper conscious silk hold rules anxious every grinding well cautious good bail description ever dictation lamps will order glad until what self precious where social granting delicious many began grading whether wool bales complexion with addition suspicion wore gracious correction persuasion sanction construction cushion pension suction can occasion tension decision procession when begun compression upon religious discussion possession know composition conclusion location application character been opposition that complication creation , solution there rotation but population oration regulation position donation rations relation go operation gone as temptation social action accusation salutation began portion station collection election direction calm correction option section selection completion NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 51 59. Writing exercise. — Write five times. Your contention is wrong. I-will wait until you come. He-is not conscious of his actions. He has been granted a pension. We-are grinding your tools and cutters. He has begun to sell his grain in bulk. He-will-be-going there within a day or so. We-are giving you special prices on this grade of wool and silk. They-will-be-the largest gages we build and, when placed in-the proper location, will show-the correct compression at all times. Under these conditions, we believe they-will begin-the construction of-the traction line within a short time. There has been a heavy suction under the ground, which has placed the suspension bridge under great tension. He-is conducting the collection of-the subscriptions under the direction of-the corporation head. In conclusion, we-are sorry that we cannot see our way clear to accept your proposition with-regard to-the completion of-the last section of-the bridge. They-have asked us to help them-in selling the large- sized piling, which we-will do should no complica- tions arise. Concerning the special cushions on order, we-are glad to assure you that they-will-be shipped in this car. I-am sure you-will-be too late with-your application. He-will-be there until all-of-the grinding wheels ar- rive and will show-you how to-use them. SECTION THREE Step Three 60. Combination letters. Write PH for F Write CW for QU Write -G& for -L, 61. Word signs. — PH (F) if PHI (FI) file -G* (-L,) letter; -ly Ph used initially in a word has the sound of /. Q is always followed by u and the two together usually have the sound of kw. CW (KW) is, therefore, the natural combina- tion for qu; CWART, quart. This is the second combination for final L. It is called final- L-two or second-final-L. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 53 62. Word practice. — Follow instructions given in paragraph 58. RENTGfc rental LEG+ARM legal BARGfc+fc barrels TONfc+IRMfc tonsils CRia+TARM+lfc crystallize O+CADfc+ARM occasional SCEF+TIKGfc skeptical SPHERKGS* spherical CEMKG5* chemical E+LEK+TRIKGfc electrical PLIT+IKG& political SHRUDGfc shrewdly RERMGfc really LUKGfc luckily C-D&+G& consciously CTROSh-G* grossly SPEDSh-G* specially PH 1 NGfc+Gfc finally PRAK+TIKGfc practical E+CWARMGfc equally RIG+IDGfc rigidly LEG+ARMGfc legally THORGfc thoroughly PHATG51+G& fatally RASDGfc rapidly AK+TIFG* actively P05H-TIFG& positively Wl RMG+GS? willingly PHIft+IKGS? physical PHIfc+IKGfc+Gfc physically RAD+IKG5* radical RAD+IKG5»+G^ radically RE+PETDGfc repeatedly ANT+DOT antidote Use -L 2 when so doing will save a stroke. In all other cases, however, use -L n as -L 2 must never be used unless its use will save a stroke." Always write -G5? (-L 2 ) tot -ly. This i is unimportant. 54 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Write five times. queer fuming rail better quart filing fair quote quicker found quill legally friend really letter people quite chapel sadly fire purely panel quire specially busily fear finding tackle surely afford briefly dental fickle from dented simple for lively letter fly sample trifle feeling kindly if freight travel kettle quarter paddles fruit float badly barrels fleet idly builder until rarely little title operation finger loudly begrudge faction function doubly situation gladly actively equally safely lively file surely freely relatively bravely actively positively luckily willingly weekly thoroughly really daily logical family chemical typical title comical physically spherical bridal clerical practical electrical local political legal skeptical formal pedal spinal squeal final fatally conditional occasional spiral grossly rental personal chisel liberally finally several chills occasional funnel crystallize quarrel label squirrel cancel orally flannel quiet gravel paddle evil badly tonsils gladly civil sadly peddle repeatedly rapidly likely kindly barely rigidly fashion wholly practical shrewdly fatally NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 55 63. Writing exercise. — Write ten times. guarantee delivery quotations appliances CTARNT DLIF+RI CWOTDfc+Sl A+PLINfc+fc once conseq uen tly privilege splendid We-have filed your order for oak barrels and will fill- it out of -the first car we get. We-are shipping your order for panels and are sure- the goods will please you. We-can use as-many barrels of this quickly drying glue as-you-can ship us during the summer. We-have your-letter and order of-the third, and your goods will-be shipped-as soon-as we-can pack them, which-will-be in about a week. Your quotations will-have full consideration before we let the contract. They-are actively engaged in filing complaints. Quotations on all electrical appliances are conditional. We cannot accept the last car-of chemicals, as-they- are far below-the standard tests. We fully realize the effect of-the delay, and are con- sequently completing your order as-fast as we can. Their contract entitles them to weekly reports. If-you-are ready to stock up on woolens and flannels, we-will quote you our best prices. Dear Sir: We should like to-have-the privilege of showing you samples of our latest spring styles of women's gowns and hats. We-have a large selection of ready sellers and-can quote bargain prices for early delivery. Our line-is full-of good strong leaders for your spring opening. WON* C+SCWENTGS PRIF+LEG SPLEN+DID SECTION THREE Step Four 64. Secondary Keys.- Ck % p^ CZ ^-Tf< "\The long -^ above and 33 C keys below the Consonants are the Second" ary Keys. They are struck in con- junction with the Primary Keys, and cause them to write additional and different characters. When the H, W or R key is struck at the same time as the Secondary Key, Y, M or N is printed instead of H. W or R. • , TTtnHIII""""""'-" TTTITm ™ 65. Word signs. — N in, in- Nl any In using the Sec- ondary Keys, use the same finger- ing as for the Primary Keys. The Secondary Key is never struck alone, but always with the Primary Keys. The illustration shows how the keys are oper- ated. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 57 66. Word practice. — The following illustrations are very important. First study them carefully, then practice them repeatedly on the machine. C+MAND C+MIT+E C+NEKTG COMN C0M+ER5? MAG+NET+IK MA+TUR NA+TUR MIN+ERGS* MARKT NU+MERKGfc MER+CHANT ME+CANK NAPfe AD+MIDfc AM+BID5* IM+PER+TIF IM+AG+IN N+PHER N+DURMG N+PHEKDfc MON+OSGfc MAN+SCRIffT MAN+lff+LAT AUT+MOffGfc MON+CTRAM IM+TAT C+STUDfc+ARM N+STUT SUS+STUT IM+NENT MAN+PHEfc command committee connecting common commerce magnetic mature nature mineral market numerical merchant mechanic neighbor admission ambitious imperative imagine infer indulge infection monopoly manuscript manipulate automobile monogram imitate constitutional institute substitute imminent manifest (Exceptions to and 42.) paragraphs 41 Note how these words are divided into strokes. Unless special provision is made by rule, as in paragraphs 29 and 54, the prac- tice should be to divide the word according to the natural inclina- tion of the operator rather than according to its division into syllables. While the operator will usually divide between syl- lables, it is more important to divide easily and quickly (wheth- er by syllables or not) than to lose time trying to call to mind the proper syllabic division. These illustrations show to what extent vowels — and sometimes consonants — may be omitted. MAN+PHORMD MED+CIN NORMDG MED+UM 0+PIN+ON PRASfc W0RG5* manifold medicine knowledge medium opinion perhaps world 58 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Write seven times. mail knock make middle 'any never yeast member yarns normal mission none connection matter commendable infection "market name command manner moral noon milk night common yonder miles now maid neck nails singer mining nearer most mask cautious connecting ambitious new notion more admission must commotion miners commence mending comment model knowledge motion recommendation nearly mansion committee know commerce malicious mean suspicion middle knowledge main connection mean infer magnate incline numerical yard money automobile marvelous infection magnetic indulge yellow note mantel novel manipulate noon minimum insist marble commerce manage import manifold ambition yield margin medal immoral manuscript imagine younger missing announce nerve message institute medicine moving mumble narrow merger imminent meeting night metal immune manifest imperative mortally nibble massive yoke morning nice yearly imitate mason immortal mature neighbor monogram merit merchant need mercy nominal mayor institute mineral imagine minor admission mechanic incline meat automobile master immune monopoly mellow meadow member merely NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND j>9 67. Writing exercise. — Beginning with this step, phrasing will not be indicated. The student should now be able to phrase properly and should make good use of this speed medium. Write seven times. material MA+TERGS* phenomenal PHEN+0MNG51 personally PER&+NARMG5* office 0F5* conspicuous C+SPIK+Ufc confident CPHI+DENT promised PROMfc+D operated OSfc+ATD There is at the present time a good market for our new model. The material will be shipped in three cases. The yearly income is not as large as that promised by the members of the corporation. If you have time, I should like to have you call at the institute in the morning, as I am prepared to discuss ways and means for our new course in medicine. To say the least, his work with us has been com- mendable, and we take great pride in being able to recommend him for a higher position. Our foreman's knowledge in this matter is the ac- cumulation of years of personal contact with our enterprise. Keep the files of the complete transaction intact so that we can have them should occasion arise. The magnate's promises of phenomenal yields were so strong that most of the members regarded him with an air of suspicion. We must insist upon your meeting your obligations promptly. 60 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Admission to the meeting will be by ticket only and we recommend that you arrange for yours at once through our nearest office. Suspicion was centered on the young man who, it is said, had a knowledge of the contents of the safe. Dear Sir: You may select any color you desire. Personally, I prefer the yellow model. I believe you would like this shade of yellow. It could be set off with black trimmings and light green striping. The little panel at the top of the rear door would not be too conspicuous a place for a neat monogram in plain black or green letters. Dear Sir: With your permission we should like to mail you for a few days' trial one of our new model letter openers. When you see the manner in which this opener can be operated by the office boy and the mail matter he can promptly and safely open for you, you will never permit us to call it back. It will mean an immense saving in the handling of your incoming mail. We are so confident our new opener is what you need that we are willing to take a chance on your buying it after a thorough trial. May we hear from you? / SECTION THREE Step Five j cb: ■TP-^ 68. Word signs. — The final M, ? and K keys struck with the Secondary Key write R, U and ifi respectively. The same fingering is used as when writing the Primary Keys alone. -NG nothing PHO {FO) inform SOMG something CE receive , receipt NIG anything CLO inclose, enclose invoice 69. Word practice. — WEBifi wealth u\m ninth ERifi earth CTROiB growth CLOffi clothe BRED+ifi breadth PH 1 F+ifi fifth DEM depth WARM+ifi warmth SEFN+ifi seventh HEiB+Efl heathen PHAifi+OM fathom Rlffi+M rhythm M 1 ili+ 1 KG$t mythical CLOUR incisure fc* is used for 1 or n. The Secondary Key is used for writing 1 or n only when neces- sary to write combinations of letters not on the Primary Key- board. For instance, hurl would be written HURGS* and never with RfcJ, on the Secondary Key. MEifi+OD method TWEN+Tlifi twentieth SEtJifi zenith SIMS+THI sympa thy MARMFGfc malleable B+NEifi beneath 62 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND PH0D& PHOG information informing See paragraph 18. izm STREBifi length strength Omit g in ngth. Write i seven rimes. stealth compulsion receive death commonwealth recognize materialize anything sheath precisely length invoice malleable health booth compensate comprise strength moth mythical breadth lath nutrition path method compound complicate filth fourth something complaint growth tithe competent earth inform nothing birth combination invoice circumscribe zenith broth recollection masterpiece faith pathetic something worth information transcript something swarthy information pliable width clothe inclose nothing tooth enclose enclosure wrath transcript navigation nimble mirth receipt inform youth compare lath breadth session invoice nothing tenth receipt anything beneath compulsion girth fifth sympathy compose wreath bath litigation inform twelfth resolution ninth depth precisely materialize fourth nothing receive pathetic hath informing warmth seventh method fathom oath dearth invoice heathen hearth rhythm henceforth twentieth both competent loathe compose something receipt eighth method complicate nothing anything month cloth comprise inclosure truth wealth NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 63 70. Writing exercise. — Write seven times. allegiance A+LEG+ANfc hickory H I K+R I administered AD+M I Nfc+TERD comparison CPARfc+ON annual AN+URM contemplating CTEM+PLATG annul A+NURM We have your instructions of the fourth to mail the fifth, seventh and tenth lessons of the new method on the eighth of this month. Are you in the market for any cotton or woolen cloth? He is in perfect health. You stated in your letter of the ninth that you would not need the booth. You did not specify the length of the planks you received. He is a man of wealth. This will be the tenth annual clothing sale. The truth of the matter is, most of the dealers have nothing to offer this month. You cannot see or hear anything beyond the eleventh or twelfth rows. We have received no more information concerning the first invoice and will remit nothing until we have both for comparison. He informed us that they enclosed a sample of fine kid. If this does not have strength enough we can give you something heavier, but it will cost more money. The strength of this cloth is greater than that of any of the old stocks. The oath of allegiance was administered to all the young men contemplating entering the navy. 64 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Dear Sir: Complying with your request for samples of our auto- mobile wheels, we are sending you by special delivery a sample of both of our makes. One is made of well seasoned, knot-free, white oak, and our better grade is made of kiln-dried, second-growth hickory. We make only two grades of auto wheels, the difference being in the spokes. The second-growth hickory wheel has the greater strength, but we guar- antee our oak spokes to be perfect in every respect, being turned from selected, quarter-sawed white oak with pronounced and uniform flake. They are ample in strength for the average car and are classy looking. Please give both wheels a thorough test and let us hear from you. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 65 Exercise for skill. — Practice the following exercise for skill while studying Section Four. The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 1 min. 40 sec. at completion of Step One, Section Four 1 min. 26 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Four 1 min. 15 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Four 1 min. 6 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Four 1 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Four As far as we can learn now, there is no other information out concerning their future plans. Dear Sir: Your letter will be in the open file until receipt of order on inclosed invoice and contract properly signed. Dear Sir: We note in your letter of last week something we do not understand. You mentioned some old papers, but said nothing more about them. Do they have anything to do with the deed to your uncle's farm? If so, please inform us as to when we received them, and we will see if they are in any of our files here. G^TT ML SECTION FOUR Step One J c iy Strike V and V with the S and T fingers. 71. Word signs. — V have, very ^EN gentlemen inquire, inquiry, incor- porate (enquire, enquiry) refer INK REF 72. Word practice. — SiMlifi Smith S»NA? snap JJMOEffi smooth SUN gin PERMN German SJEN+U+IN genuine VARM+U value VAR+lfc varies VER+PHI verify CLA&+PHIKD& classifica tion SiUDG+MENT judgment REFfc+ENfc reverence REFNSJ reference y is written for j when it is the only initial consonant key in the stroke and for s when in the same stroke with m or n. It is primarily a j and the s is added so that am or sn can be written in the same stroke. If s is required alone or in any combination except am or en, the S in the primary group should be used. See paragraph 18. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 67 CTRAFT PUS+Llfc+T VARMD+T PHORM+ARMT DUR+B I RMT PROf+BIRMT HU+MANT U+TIRMT LO+CARMT SCURT CWANT OPfc+TUNT STOR+lfc STEtlffi+IG^ SHUR+TI gravity publicity validity formality durability probability humanity utility locality security quantity opportunity stories stealthily surety Write -T for ity in words of more than two syllables. Words ending In ry preceded by a vowel.— When such words contain more than two syllables, and the vowel preceding the ry is strong and prominent, as a in library, the vowel is written and the y is dropped; LI+BRAR. When the vowel is weak and slighted in the pronunciation, as a in summary, the vowel is dropped and the y is written; SUM+R1 . a is strong, a is weak, e is strong, e is weak, o is strong. o is weak. LITSh-AR literary V 1 Dfc+AR visionary SARM+RI salary BOUN+DRI boundary CEM+TER cemetery MONfc+TER monastery SLIff+RI slippery CERM+RI celery OR+TOR oratory PROMfc+OR promissory PHAK+TRI factory MEM+RI memory CEN+TUR century PER+^UR perjury In words ending -ury, the u is always written and the y dropped. 68 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Write seven times. Smith value year small yard judge yield sneer vice jug voice maturity jump volts joint have vote join smart very smear inquiry snore juice snap view growth tenth health gentle smooth gin dairy germ surety ginger mental genuine treaty George hurry German flattery jobbing hearty inquire vapor refer healthy void duty pity city sorry party worry brevity stories gravity varies quantity berries incorporate quality rainy purity contrary stealthily verify specification verification gentlemen classification avoid sneeze locality legality formality nationality principality reference neutrality vitality quality ability probability durability facility humanity prosperity judgment majority minority security purity maturity gravity brevity guaranty warranty refer quantity opportunity activity stability discovery category quandary history literary rectory inventory gallery temporary celery cemetery delivery military victory voluntary slippery secondary boundary arbitrary tributary directory anniversary visionary embroidery contradictory 73. Writing exercise. — Write seven times. Have you inquired about their stability? _j NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 69 The yield of ginger root is very large and quite valu- able. The quantity produced in my locality is the greatest in many seasons. Have you received their inquiry with reference to the incorporation? She has a very smooth voice. They have an opportunity to market a large quantity of grape juice packed in jugs. They did not deny the legality of the incorporation, but said that as a matter of formality they wanted to be certain that it had been approved by the directors. Have you the right to act in behalf of the incor- poration? He made the inquiry for the purpose of verifying the name of the surety. The vote for supreme judge was very small. Gentlemen: We are very sorry we cannot entertain your plan to market the grape crop this summer through brokers. The yield will not be very large, but the quality will naturally be far superior to anything to be found in your markets. There is something about the grapes this season that leads us to believe they will produce a very smooth, yet snappy, wine. Because of the scarcity of imported goods, we are of the opinion that choice domestic wines will sell at a premium the coming season. For that reason we in- tend to convert our entire crop ourselves and book it with the jobbers for spring delivery. We thank you for your inquiry. SECTION FOUR Step Two Use the -D and * fingers for B and Si. 74. Word signs. — s« shall U* usual a much 75. Word practice.- MAE* match The t before ch is silent and HAB+ET hatchet dropped. NEiW neither Use 5< for final r after A or B PHAffiSi father and in the same stroke. PANiW panther TEB* teacher BUM butcher PUKBS* puncher SCWEBB squelch HASH-ER washer AN+CTWI* anguish WREMBSt wrenches PUM punish BEUBSi benches SERMF+I* selfish LAffiSi laths E+STA£+LI& establish SPIMB spinach PLESH-UR pleasure BAS+IS* babyish EM+BEM* embellish YERM+OI* yellowish DISHfe dishes NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 71 BASH-PHURM CARFG5* TEfc+PHI THR+PHOR CTRA+D I KT COUNTfc+SIN PROFT+A&G* LEG+lffGfc ERM+Ji I £ G& REfc+ON+BLI PROF+BU bashful careful testify therefore contradict countersign profitable legible eligible reasonably probably POS-fBLI I NTfc+STAT SIMS+THI N+TRA+STAT INTfc+UR?+AN C+MENfc+MENT SUSGfc+MENT AR+CTUMNT PAMNT MOMNT N+TRO+DU* possibly interstate sympathy intrastate interurban commencemen t supplement argument payment moment introduce BRIifi* british Write ifi for t whenever f is re- quired in the same stroke with some other letter on the right lower secondary key. Write seven times. each brush ash legible interstate rush probably reach leather push careful contradict interurban coach preach hush payment spinach teach bush introduce boyish marsh attach broach babyish harsh leech approach yellowish speech anguish radish belch engagement peevish wish squelch rich lawful filch nourish convertible bench ranch flourish British eligible branch Irish argument cherish interwoven wrench French farther perish moment trench punish neither tarnish furnish lunch launch garnish varnish punch bunch admonish butcher vanish diminish starch washer blemish finish perch march foolish laths relish polish church torch establish English batch porch favorable 72 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND match father patch fish snatch selfish ratchet Jewish stretch childish ditch radish pitch dish stitch rubbish Scotch fresh notch mesh much flesh crutch wash couch squash touch quash such sash puncher usual shall panther treasure measure heretofore pleasure wrenches fisher myths hatchet flash azure dash usury incorporation baths casual bluish commencement purify transfer countersign therefore reasonably beautiful profitable cheerful testify intrastate supplement teacher benches other 76. Writing exercise. — Write seven times. We shall need the stock in a few days. Have you the usual quantity on hand? How much do you think you should have? We shall need as much as you can send us. We are usually well supplied with the size you use. We desire quotations on wrought iron monkey wrenches and various bench tools. We hope our prices on varnish will be favorably con- sidered. We will thank you for quotations on various makes of watches. By reason of the present price of raw material, we can ship these goods for cash only. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 73 Gentlemen : We have acquired the stock of a bankrupt concern and, inasmuch as it contained several items for which you are constantly in the market, are writ- ing to inquire if you can meet the writer at the American Hotel some time during the latter part of this week. The stock comprises hatchets, wrenches, work benches, pinch bars, brushes, and green, red, blue and yellow Japan varnishes. All of these items are in perfect condition and can be bought at a reason- - ably low price. If this appeals to you, will you set the hour for an engagement? Gentlemen: We are sorry not to be able to quote you on soft coal for early fall use. There is a strike at most of our mines at this time and we are behind with all our orders this season. The trouble is about to be settled, and as soon as work is fully resumed we shall be able to take care of you promptly. If you are in this city within the coming month, please call on us. We should like to book you for your winter needs. The rush will be over then and we can deliver promptly. SECTION FOUR Step Three 77. Word practice. — BSAMN examine Always write BS for ex- at the BSTRA extra beginning of a word. BSED exceed BSCHANG exchange BSAGfc+AT exaggerate BSERDS* exertion BSAUfc+T 1 V exhaustive BSPERN* experience BSCUT execute BSTENDfc extension BSTENfc+IP extensive BOKfc box Final x, having the sound of ks t SUFKfc suffix is written Kfc. PREFK* prefix SPHINKfc sphinx NEKS) next Final r is dropped after th* TEKfc text sound of s in x. TEKfc+TUR texture N+DREKTG* indirectly These illustrations show hovj 1 ND+PEND+ENT independen t words with similar beginnings UND+NlffGfc undeniable and endings are written. Study CESn-LEfc ceaseless and practice them carefully. PHAIRNfc fairness E+PHISi+ENT efficient E+PHISH-ENSh-I efficiency PHOR+CTIF forgive A+PORMG apology CIRK+STANfc circums tance Being a frequently recurring word it is unnecessary to write the urn. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 75 IND+STRUKT+ISGfc in [destructible BI+ORMG biology UND+V 1 D+D undivided SO+ORMG zoology PHER+LE& fearless INT5H-PHER interfere N+SORMF+ENfc+l insolvency INTSl+CErr intercept AG+ENfc+l agency REK+LEfc reckless PHOR+EF forever WORiR+LES* worthless Write seven times. exact somebody expanding fearless explain circumstance extra upon example file examine inclose exchange invoice excuse index expression inquiry expense usual express worthless exertion intercept expensive needless examining context exhibit receipt explore inform extreme anything except complex expiration incorporate examination much exclude whether expose which explanation reply extent tendency exhaustive careless exist prefix explosion links execute receive extravagant gone exaggerate nothing excursion something expert inquire extensive shall excel until extension insolvency exceed reckless experience agency exit independent expect indicate execution indirectly wax indestructible flax undivided flexible undeniable convex appearance box preference mix assistance fairness flux weakness books efficient active efficiency relative activity unrestricted motive careless forgive ceaseless forever mixture apology next ducks biology trucks zoology clocks chronology docks climax interfere borax 76 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 78. Writing exercise. — Write five times. I know he will send something to somebody. How many have you and how much do you ask for them? Please state whether or not you were there when the inquiry was received and filed. He inquired if you inclosed the invoice and upon what date. I cannot inform you of anything until I am in receipt of that letter. As usual, they incorporated nothing in their reply. I shall be very much pleased to know where you go this summer. They have gone but I do not know in which direction. Please examine the examples submitted and let us have an expression from you before the expiration of this month. Nothing was said by way of explanation of the exam- ination. The ceaseless buying of exchange is too expensive. Gentlemen: Will you please inform us as to the usual tax rate on real property in your city? Please give both the state and city taxes. Some of us expect to be in your city within the next few days to examine the freight and power conditions now existing. Before moving our plant, we would want to send our experts to examine all the conditions relative to land and water shipping facilities, especially your docks. SECTION FOUR Step Four NAMES OF PERSONS 79. The National Alphabet. — In writing letters of the alphabet singly, use the following table: A A B B C C -D D E E V F -G G H H 1 I 9 J -K K L L -M M -N N O P P CW Q, -R R S S -T T U U V V N W KSi X Y Y a z In making use of the alphabet, use only the representations giv- en. For instance, in spelling out words containing D, M, N, R, T, etc., where the letters occur among both the initial and final consonants, always use the ones on the final side of the keyboard and never those in the initial group. This is to avoid conflicts, and to equalize the work of the hands in spelling out words letter by letter, there being eleven consonants written by use of the initial group and ten with the final group. Practice writing the alphabet until it can be written accurate- ly and rapidly. 78 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 80. Names of persons. — Names of persons, though pronounced alike, are frequently spelled dif- ferently, as Green, Greene; Smith, Smithe; Read, Reed. Names vary so much in their spelling that it is often necessary to give the proper spelling in the notes. This is accomplished by use of the Na- tional alphabet, the name being spelled out one letter at a stroke, as Johnstone, J1+0+H+N+S+T+0+N+E. Write a period after each initial and after each word in the name if it is spelled out letter by letter. C. P. Krieger, C+FNTG+P+FNTG+K+R+I+E+G+E+R+ FNTG. It is not necessary to spell out a proper name every time it occurs in the same dictation; spelling it out the first time will be sufficient. If a name is once spelled out in the dictation or if it is a familiar name or one in which it is not necessary to show the spelling, it may be written as other words, except it must be written more fully, syllable by syllable. Forester, PHOR+Efc+TER. 81. Word practice. — F. W. Appe! F+FNTG+W+FNTG+A+P+P+E+L+FNTG W. C. Buehler W+FNTG+C+FNTG+B+U+E+H+L+E+R+FNTG L. M. Cooke L+FNTG+M+FNTG+C+0+O+K+E+FNTG Mae Eyermann M+A+E+FNTG+E+Y+E+R+M+A+N+N+FNTG As context does not aid in the reading of proper names, they must be written fully, without the use of the usual abbrevi- ating principles. Appel Aff+ERM Buehler BERM+ER Cooke COEK Eyermann 1 R+MAN Flynn PHLIN Gannon CTAN+ON Garfield CTAR+PHERMD Harrison HAR+lfc+ON Stevens STEF+ENfc Jackson JJAK+SON Krause CRAUSt NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 79 McCauley Newcomb Peterson Quaker Richardson Schmidt MAK+CAU+LI NU+COM PET+ER+SON CWAK+ER RIB+ARD+SON Spaulding SPAURMD+ 1 NG Note that in& is written out. Write the following exercises twice, spelling out each name letter by letter; then write each exercise three times in the usual way. Williams Hughes Miller Adams Steinberg Reade Musick Farrish Stiffel Powers Morton Henderson Jones Gregory Powell Peterson Robertson Nichols Gillette Niederlander L. H. Wagner Henry T. Ulmann E. K. Ludington John F. Yeager Theodore Thomas C. D. Bolin William Zeltmann Aug. H. Striegel V. L. Boisaubin Charles X. Vogei E. H. Angert F. X. Haid 82. Standard abbreviations. — It is possible to write standard abbreviations on the National in their exact form or with very slight changes. Learn the following list and practice them on the machine. M-R Mr. Do not use a period after stand- M-Rfc Mrs. ard abbreviations written on the ME* Messrs. National. DR Doctor PROF Professor PRIN Principal CTOF Governor HON Honorable REF Reverend SJ-R Junior SR Ssnior !° NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 83. Writing exercise. — Write five times, spelling out the proper names the first time only. Dr. J. F. Duff, Dear Doctor: Mrs. Louise Drummond, Dear Madam: Prof. John A. Bauer, Prin. City High School, Dear Prof. Bauer: Hon. George A. Gillis Gov. E. C. Bennett Rev. Benjamin A. Lear Mr. Frederick Hahn, Jr. Mr. R. H. Cross, Sr. SECTION FOUR Step Five NAMES OF FIRMS 84. Names of Firms. — The same rules used in writing names of persons apply to names of concerns. 85. Standard abbreviations. — PRE* President SEK Secretary TREfc Treasurer MGSi Manager sun Super in tenden t S*EN General, general AD advertise AG agent BUS* business BRO brother COR correspond DEffT department NATGfc national T The CO company R-R railroad Rl (Ry) railway Always write initial T for The at the beginning of firm names. 82 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 86. Writing exercise. — Write three times. ADG advertising CORN* correspon den ce CORG correspon ding PEN+MG* General Manager ADG+MG5* Advertising Manager BUfc+AG Business Agent Chas. Saks & Co. United Railway Co. The Universal Motor Co. Warren, Jones & Gratz H. & L. Chase Bag Co. Clark Dyeing and Cleaning Co. Rutledge and Kilpatrick N. M. Conway & Sons Gimbel Brothers George W. White & Sons Co. B. G. Sullivan & Brother Steinway & Son J. B. Ziegfried & Sons, Inc. Auto Supply, Inc. CHAS+SAKfc+AN+CO UN+ITD+RI+CO T+UN+VERSh-ARM+MOT+OR+CO WAR+EN+SJ0N5H-AN+CTRAT& H+FNTG+AN+L+FNTG+CHASw- BAG+CO CLARK+DI+ING+AN+CLEN+ING+ CO RUT+LEDG+AN+C I RM+PA+TR I K N+FNTG+M+FNTG+CON+WA+AN+ SON* CTIM+BERM+BR05* SJORG+W+FNTG+HW I T+AN+SONSh- CO B+FNTG+G+FNTG+SURM+ I +VAN+ AN+BRO STIN+WA+AN+SON £i+FNTG+B+FNTG+S I G+PHRED+ AN+SONfc+INK AUT+O+SU+PLI+INK Write the following five times, spelling out the proper names the first time and writing in the regular way afterwards. A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co. Baker, Potts, Barker & Garwood B. & D. Club George W. Fisher & Sons Central "Wire & Iron Works Union Typewriter Exchange The Inland Navigation Co., Inc. Thomas McHenry & Son Armstrong and Armstrong Bagnell Timber Co. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 83 Webb & Webb Becker Realty Co. Mr. Warren C. Flynn, Pres., Fidelity & Deposit Co. Mr. H. R. Ellison, Gen. Mgr., Independent Ice & Coal Co. Mr. A. B. Ewing, Jr., Supt., Superior Supply Co. Mr. F. T. French, Gen. Agt, National Life Insurance Co. Mr. Harry E. Black, Adv. Mgr., William Winter & Sons Co. Dear Sir: E. G. Boeckeler & Brother Kelly & Jones Co. Mr. H. M. Blossom, Bus. Mgr., Aerial Navigation. W. T. Campbell, Cor. Sec, National Auto League. George D. Capon, Treasurer, Ludwig Piano Co. H. H. Hayward, c-o Traffic Department, C. & A. Ry. Co. Mr. E. W. Mangson, Pres., B. & M. R. R. Co. The National Railroad Company, formerly the Con- solidated Railway Company, has bought the busi- ness of the General Advertising Corporation, which was taking care of the work of the Consolidated before the receiver's sale as well as acting as its agent in other capacities. The correspondence in connection with this work is large enough to warrant our creating a special posi- tion of Manager and Superintendent. The department thus created will be the General Advertising Depart- ment, and the new position will be held by Mr. Smith, former President of the General Advertising Company. Mr. Smith's secretary and treasurer, Mr. Jones, will embark in an entirely new field. You will, therefore, direct your advertising correspond- ence of any nature with this Company to the attention of Mr. Smith, This is for your information. 84 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Exercise for skill. — Practice the following exercise for skill while studying Section Five. It contains 200 words. The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 3 min. 20 sec. at completion of Step One, Section Five 2 min. 52 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Five 2 min. 30 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Five 2 min. 12 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Five 2 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Five He drew a large salary for his literary and oratory works. This celery grew in small quantities in the cemetery back of the factory. The Superintendent calls it The New Century Watch. They will elect him as Secretary and Treasurer of the new box factory. The meeting was attended by Mrs. Mary Crane, Dr. John Smith, Prof. Harry Jones, Principal of the High School, Gov. Frank Short, Hon. James Baker, Rev. Chas. Brooks and Mr. Howard Bartlett, Sr. All the urgent matters were taken up and disposed of promptly. Messrs. Wm. Young & Sons, Inc., City. Gentlemen: This is to inform you that this road has changed its name from The Midland Valley Railroad Company to The Central Railway Company. Mr. George French, Jr., Pres., John Block & Brother, Inc. City. Dear Sir: The advertising department of the First National Bank has made the usual inquiry with reference to a Christmas card for this year. We should like very much to secure this business, and shall be prepared to make very low prices. Our general manager has been corresponding with them and has referred them to you as our agent. Please inquire as to their needs and write us promptly. SECTION FIVE Step One FIGURES 87. Figures. — Figures are obtained by use of the upper Secondary Keys. The Secondary Keys are struck in conjunction with the upper row of primary keys. dcrrX^ (Cm *a ±1 As the figures are always writ- ten on a line by themselves, no other keys are struck at the same time, and the fingers and thumbs may move forward slightly to reach the upper Sec- ondary Keys. 88. Accuracy. — Writing figures on the National is so simple and easy that frequently too little atten- tion is paid to accuracy. Figures form such an im- portant part of dictation that a single miss truck key may involve immense losses and serious conse- quences. It is important therefore that the most thorough practice be devoted to all exercises involv- ing figures. A word wrongly written in a sentence is often detected by the meaning, but there is seldom anything in the context to indicate that the wrong figure has been written. Much stress must be placed on absolute accuracy in writing figures. 89. Figure drill. — The following exercise has been arranged in ten columns containing ten figures each. The complete mastery of this exercise will 86 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND lay the foundation for rapid and accurate figure writing. Practice the first column until it can be written almost as rapidly as a person can count easily and distinctly. Then practice the second column in the same manner; then the two columns together. In this manner practice each column until it can be written easily, rapidly and accurately and then prac- tice it with the preceding columns until the entire exercise can be written in about forty seconds. The figure practice must be with absolute accuracy. Do not look at the keyboard, but say each figure to yourself as you write it. Do not punctuate between the numbers. This is simply a figure practice exer- cise for training the mind and fingers. When both figures can be written at one stroke, do so. Check back the notes every few minutes to see that you are writing perfectly. 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 7 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 8 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 9 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 90. Second figure drill. — Learn to write this exercise at a fairly high rate of speed, say, as rap- idly as it can be dictated easily and enunciated clearly. Do not space between the numbers. Compare often the notes with the copy to ascertain if you are writing with absolute accuracy. 96 24 71 54 37 84 12 75 58 25 88 16 79 46 45 76 11 83 50 33 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 87 72 15 87 38 53 69 19 91 42 51 80 23 95 30 61 60 27 99 34 49 64 31 94 22 69 52 35 98 26 57 56 39 88 14 77 44 52 90 36 17 91. Writing figures as words. — At the op- tion of the operator, figures from one to ten, when used separately, may be written out as words. One, two, three, WON, TO, THRE. 92. Plural of figures. — The plural of figures is denoted in the following manner: From one to ten, written out as words. Above ten, denoted by following the figures with initial S. THFO threes S 1 Kfc+fc sixes TEN* tens SEFNfc sevens 3+2+S thirty -twos 40+S forties 25+S twenty -fives 17+S 17s 20+S 20s 50+S 50's 93. Third figure practice. — Write seven times. one seven nine five ten six three eight four two twos fours nines sixes ones threes eights fives sevens tens 3s 32s 18s 4s 16s 22's 2's 9's 33's 64's SECTION FIVE Step Two GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 94. Standard abbreviations. — ST street AF avenue COR corner CO county TER territory 95. States and Territories. — The standard abbreviations are used in writing the States and Ter- ritories of the United States. Practice them until they can be written rapidly and easily. ARM Alabama CANS? Kansas A+LAfc Alaska CEN Kentucky AR Arizona LA Louisiana ARK Arkansas ME Maine CARM California MD Maryland CORM Colorado MA5* Massachusetts CON Connecticut Ml B Michigan DERM Delaware MIN Minnesota D+C Dist. of Col. MI& Mississippi PHLA Florida MO Missouri CTA Georgia MONT Montana ID Idaho NE? Nebraska IRM Illinois NEF Nevada IND Indiana N+H New Hampshire 1 Iowa N+SJ New Jersey NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 89 N+MEKfc New Mexico TEK* Texas N+Y New York UT Utah N+C North Carolina VT Vermont N+D North Dakota VA Virginia Ohio WAS! Washington OK Oklahoma W+VA West Virginia OR Oregon HI* Wisconsin PA Pennsylvania IaJ I Wyoming R+l Rhode Island u+s United States S+G South Carolina U+S+A United States of S+D South Dakota America TEN Tennessee Practice the following list of abbreviations for cities. BARMT Baltimore PHIRM Philadelphia C I N Cincinnati 96. Writing exercise. — Write five times. Mr. Frank C. Baker, 28 First Street, Birmingham, Ala. Mrs. I. W. Davis, 63 Broad Street, Phoenix, Ariz. F. G. Crawford & Co., 32 Taylor Avenue. Boise, Idaho. Standard Moving Co. Waterloo, Iowa. Miss Mary J. Lee, Care United Glass Co., Cor. Franklin Av. & Fifth St., Tulsa, Okla. CH I Chicago N+Y New York WAS! Washington Mrs. J. A. Gerhard, Klondike, Klondike County, Alaska Ter. The Glover Lumber Co., Portland, Ore. Baltimore, Md. Philadelphia, Pa. Cincinnati, Ohio. Chicago, HI. New York, N. Y. Washington, D. C. 90 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Miss Mary E. Duxbury, Office. Dear Miss Duxbury: We have your resignation as head of our mailing division. We regret very much to lose your valued services but are glad that you will profit by the change. Miss Florence Durham has been appointed to succeed you. Please begin at once to instruct her in the work. Miss Florence Durham, Office. Dear Miss Durham: Miss Duxbury, head of our mailing division, has resigned to accept a better position, and we are ap- pointing you to succeed her. This is in appreciation of your loyal and faithful service in the past, and will carry with it a decided increase in salary. Please report to Miss Duxbury at once for instruc- tions. Messrs. Jones & Davis, City. Dear Sirs: Somebody telephoned me this morning that you have calls every few days for residence property in the down-town section. I have several choice lots well located which I will sell at a low price. Please bear this in mind. SECTION FIVE Step Three FIGURES (Continued) 97. Word signs* — NO number or # PH I G figure H hundred — T thousand — M million 98. Numbers above 99.-In writing numbers above 99. write them exactly as dictated. If the words, hundred, thousand, etc., are dictated, write them; if not, omit them. Make the notes conform to the exact wording of the dictation. The following ex- amples illustrate the method of writing numbers dictated in various ways. Note that as many fig- ures as possible are written in each stroke. Dictated Written Three hundred and five 3+H+5 And is always omitted in writing figures. Two hundred and thirty- ■six 2+H+36 One twenty-three 123 Four sixty -seven 467 Three forty -five 3+45 Six seventy -eight 6+78 In writing numbers containing the sequence 345 or 678, make an extra stroke instead of bringing over the ring finger to strike the 3 or S. The ring finger must never leave its row of keys— not even to save a stroke. 92 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Three thousand, seven hun- 3h — T+7+H+9+5 died and ninety -five Never write the abbreviation for hundred, thou- sand, dollars, etc., in the same stroke with a figure. Sixteen thousand and sixteen 16h — T+16 One thousand and one lH — T+l Thirty-four million, six hun- 34+-M+6+H+5+4+- T+6+H+78 dred and fifty-four thousand, six hundred and seventy -eight No. eighty- four fifty-seven N 0+8+4+57+49 forty -nine No. twelve sixty -seven N 0+1 26 7 C. R. I. & P. car, five two three C+FNTG+R+FNTG+ 1 +FNTG+ANi P+FNTG+CAR+5+23 99. Number practice. — Practice the following exercise in two ways, — first, as though dictated 10 1, 3 4, 5 2 3, etc.; second, as though dictated one hun- dred one, three hundred four, five hundred twenty- three. In writing a series of numbers, use a comma to separate them. Nos. 101, 304, 523; N0&+ 10+1+&KD&+30+4+SKD&+5+23 101 304 523 367 469 236 345 936 765 436 277 150 607 199 650 672 981 846 483 934 347 Practice the following as dictated: three thousand, seven hundred and fifty-nine, etc. 3,759 8,546 87,937 23,233 504,857 75,000,948 6,879 6,342 76,569 84,345 456,567 34,654,678 Practice the following as dictated: Number nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven, etc. No. 7585 No. 23456 No. 94857 No. 8475 No. 27364 No. 28374 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 93 No. 7465 No. 87564 No. 485749 No. 2374 No. 47364 No. 374862 Fig. 27 Fig. 73 Fig. 49 Fig. 293 Fig. 84 Fig. 6 Fig. 164 Fig. 497 100. Writing exercise. — E. C. Jones & Son, 302 Main Street, Cleveland^ Ohio. Gentlemen: Please ship us by freight over the Big Four Railroad 300 No. 378 Crucible Steel Shovels as shown in Fig. 36, page 92 of your catalogue No. 53. National Grocery Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Gentlemen: Please enter our order for a car of canned goods for prompt shipment according to these specifications: 65 cases Ideal Sugar Corn 183 cases Star Vienna Sausage 16 cases Star Lunch Tongue 280 cases Star Corned Beef 17 cases No. 43 Velvet Brand Tomatoes 62 tins Columbia River Salmon 30 cartons Wheat Biscuit Dear Sir: Please quote for prompt delivery lowest price on 6 gross $ 893 cast iron screen door hinges 100 pairs pressed steel ball bearing butts, brass plated 25 gross cast brass drawer pulls # 694A, dull finish 83 sets mortise locks, brass finished as on our previous order % 6539. SECTION FIVE Step Four MONEY 101. Standard abbreviations. — C cent, cents — D dollar, dollars MO money order P0 post office P—9 parcel post BL bill of lading BSL bills of lading DA draft attached COD cash on delivery PHOf free on board CR credit BARM balance D I fc discount PERfc per cenf AKT account AMT amount VORM volume PHORM fo/W CASl cashier PUR purchase I NT interest 102. Money. — In the use of figures and dollars and cents in writing money, follow the general rule for writing figures; write exactly as dictated. Study care- fully the following illustrations. Sixty -three cents 6+3+C Nine dollars and sixty-seven 9+D+67+C cents And is omitted. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 95 18+H+3+D+4+1+C 3+-TD 6+H-TD 2+H-MD 5+H+89+-T+9+H+57+D+12+C Eighteen hundred and three dollars and forty -one cents Three thousand dollars Six hundred thousand dollars Two hundred million dollars Five hundred and eighty-nine thousand, nine hundred and fifty-seven dollars and twelve cents 103. Indicating dollars and cents with decimal point. — When the dictator is dictating dollars and cents and does not use the word dollars or cents, set off the dollars from the cents with a period, or decimal point; thus, $1. 56, dictated one fifty-six, l+FNTG+56. The period will indicate the dollars and cents. If not sure as to whether one hundred fifty-six dollars or one dollar fifty -six cents is meant, make sure before writing either. Amount Dictated $5.67 five sixty -seven $89.98 eighty-nine ninety-eight $374.74 three seventy-four seventy - four Written 5+FNTG+67 89+FNTG+9+8 37+4+FNTG+7+4 104. Practice exercise. — Write ten times. balance cashier purchase free on board cent follow account bill of lading discount cents money order cash on delivery volume dollar parcel post bills of lading amount credit post office draft attached Write five times, using dollars and cents first three times, then decimal point. $5.87 $34.84 $374.57 $847.32 $324.65 $6,234.78 6.34 75.83 857.00 984.05 875.43 34,567.89 7.85 53.68 274.19 462.35 166.16 57,003.49 96 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 105. Writing exercise. — Mr. E. J. Spencer, Cashier, First National Bank, Chicago, HI. Dear Sir: We enclose you herewith bill of lading on car of sugar with draft for Four Thousand One Hundred and Twenty three Dollars and Fifty-six Cents on the Mills of your city. When these people bought this sugar, there was a large balance against them on our books. We were unable to extend further credit for this amount. We have since received their check in full payment of their account and if they request it are willing to have the goods delivered on open account. If they take up the draft promptly, however, we can allow them a discount of two per cent, with which you may credit the invoice. Gentlemen: We are enclosing you herewith post-office money order for $29.00 for which please send us by Parcel Post five # 16 Open Face, 20 year, Gold Plated Keystone Watch Cases. Dear Sir: Please ship us, draft attached to bill of lading (DA+BL), two cars soft coal, mine run. We understand the price is $2.75 f. o. b. mine. Gentlemen: We are doing a large volume of business on cheap library sets and ask you to ship us the following by express c. o. d. at once: 18 sets Dickens' Works 23 sets Ridpath's History of the World Have you some late books of interest in sets; SECTION FIVE Step Five EXPRESSIONS OF TIME 106. Word signs. — The following are the word" signs used in writing the expressions of time. Note that most of them are standard abbreviations. Prac- tice thoroughly. Days of week. — SUN Sunday THU Thursday MON Monday PHRI Friday TUSl Tuesday SAT Saturday WED Wednesday Months of year. — SJAN January AUG August PHEF February SES September MAR March OKT October AffSl April NOF November £URM July DEfc December Miscellaneous. — 1 NS* instant TON tonight URMT ultimo TOM tomorrow PR0K5* proximo AM A.M. YES* yesterday P-M P.M. TOD today FNTG+FNTG : (colon) 98 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 107. Dates. — A comma is written between the month, or day of the month, and the year. April 15, 1856, AP5H-15+SKD5H-18+56. In writing years of the present century omit the first two figures. July 14, 1920, ^URM+14+f KDSb-20. (Omit the th, rd, etc., in writing dates.) Study and practice the following illustrations: January 1, 1900 §JAN+1+FKD5H-19+H May 12, 1917 MA+12+EKD5H-17 September 20, 1920 SE£+20+SKD$H-20 August 21, 1903 AUG+21+SKD5H-0+3 November, 1918 NOF+SKDSh-18 July 14, 1776 SJURM+14+B* KDSh-17+7+6 June 3. £UN+3 October 2. OKT+2 108. Time of day. — In writing hours and min- utes, separate the hours from the minutes with a period. 3.15 P. M. 3+FNTG+15+P-M 11.06 A.M. 1+1+FNTG+6+AM 109. Practice exercise. — March 23, 1917 August 9, 1905 July 13, 1920 Dec. 1, 1897 Feb. 28, 1911 Sept. 2, 1872 June 4, 1900 October 30, 1874 Jan. 6, 1888 Nov. 17, 1909 May 27, 1914 Dec. 21, 1907 April 6 July 3 August 14 4.00 A.M. 9.55 A.M. 5.35 P.M. 7.19 A.M. 6.24 P.M. 8.15 P.M. 1.04 P.M. 10.06 P.M. 12.02 P.M. 2.30 P.M. 3.44 P.M. 11.33 A.M. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 99 110. Writing exercise. — Dear Sir: The following schedule will apply to next year's train- ing classes: Monday and Tuesday during January and February, Tuesday and Wednesday during March and April r Wednesday and Thursday during May and June, Thursday and Friday during September and October, Friday and Saturday during November and December. Special schedule will be announced later for the Lake Shore Camp during July and August. Dear Mr. Brown: Yours of the 3d instant was on my desk upon my return to the office at 3.00 P. M. yesterday. Gentlemen: Your order of the 29th ultimo reached us at nine A. M. today, and we are glad to advise that goods will be shipped before night. Gentlemen: Our Mr. Stevens is leaving the city tonight or to- morrow for an extended trip and will not return until about the 15th proximo. During his absence the writer will give his personal attention to any orders that you may send in. 100 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND Exercise for skill.— Contains three hundred words. The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 5 min. sec. at completion of Step One, Section Six 4 min. 18 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Six 3 min. 45 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Six 3 min. 18 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Six 3 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Six Messrs. Smart & Smart, July 14 ' 1917, 728 Philadelphia Life Building, Cor. 17th Street and Chicago Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Dear Sirs : Per your order of the 30th ultimo we are shipping you today bill of lading draft attached two cars lump coal. This coal was loaded at our county mine at 4 :30 P. M. yesterday and shipped 9 :20 A. M. today, and should reach you late tonight or early tomorrow morning. The invoice on the two cars is 54 tons at $3.57 per ton, total $192.78, less one per cent discount for cash, or net $190.86. Deducting the credit balance of $17.83 shown by your account, makes the amount of the draft $173.03. Dear Frank: Please purchase for me and send by Parcel Post a souvenir volume of Milton's poems. I will send post-office money order or cashier's check upon receipt of bill from you. Gentlemen : You have a note due at this bank tomorrow for $1,318,716.01 plus interest at 5% for 90 days. Upon payment of a substantial part of this note with interest we shall be glad to extend the balance. We also have several bills of lading that came this morning. Please give the above matters your prompt attention. Gentlemen : Replying to your inquiry of the third instant we quote you on car Silver Leaf Lard f. o. b. common rate points in your territory as follows: 12/5's 14 cents 14/6's 13 cents 2/50's 12 cents We can ship by first proximo if we receive the order promptly. SECTION SIX Step One FRACTIONS POINTS OF THE COMPASS 111. Standard abbreviations. — N north E east S south W west AE - (hyphen) 112. Fractions. — Separate the numerator and denominator with a hyphen. 3/5, 3+AE+5; 5/16, 5+AE+16; 27/64, 27+AE+6+4; 63/125, 6+3+AE+125. 113. Mixed numbers. — Write the word and between the whole number and the fraction. 4-3/5, 4+AN+3+AE+5; 6-17/32, 6+AN+17+AE+3+2. 114. Decimals. — Write a decimal point between the whole number and the decimal or before the decimal when there is no whole number. 3.5, 3+FNTG+5; .0325, FNTG+0+3+25; 128.375, 128+ FNTG+37+5. 102 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 115. Practice exercise. — 1/3 2/5 3 5 1/2 2/3 5/6 9/10 7/8 1/4 3/8 4/5 1/8 3/4 2/5 9/16 11/32 15/16 3/64 17/32 22/23 69/137 3-1/2 4-5/8 5-7/8 7-2/3 6-5/64 10-17/32 367-16/17 1-6/9 3-1/5 8-4/7 14-34/35 193-32/43 3.5 .25 8.375 12.03275 7.0035 8374.7 63487.472 9.3 .69 6.333 89.60037 9.2307 3975.6 73842.947 116. Points of compass.— The abbreviations for the four cardinal points of the compass, north, east, south and west, are used in combination to write the semi-cardinal points. Northwest, N+W; south- east, SE. V/rite in an additional stroke ERN for -em and ERG& for -erly. Southern, S+ERN; southeastern, SE+ERM; southerly, S+ERGfc. Practice thoroughly, northern southwest northeastern western easterly northwest southeastern northerly southern southeast northwestern southerly SECTION SIX Step Two WEIGHTS AND MEASURES FOREIGN WORDS 117. Standard abbreviations. — SKG package BDL bundle BU bushel CW-T hundredweight -MD& merchandise ART article DQ& dozen CL carload L+CL less than carload 118. Foreign words. — Many words, now pro- per words in English, have come from foreign languages, retaining their original foreign pronun- ciation. When the vowels in such words have a sound irregular to the same vowels in English, the vowels, as well as the consonants, are written according to their sound, being written out quite fully. Bureau, BU+RO; crochet, CRO+SHA; chassis, SHASH-E. 104 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 119. Word practice. — Write ten times. correspond advertise interest volume per cent purchase department amount account discount rouge garage ROES* CTA+RASi cafe croquet CA+PHA CRO+CA ballet crepe BA+LA CRAff resume tonneau RA+SU+MA TUN+0 chauffeur crochet SHO+PHUR CRO+SHA bureau protege BU+RO PRO+TA+SHA mirage matinee ME+RA& MAT+IN+A tete a tete regime TAT+A+TAT RA+SHEM challis limousine SHA+LI LE+MOE+SEN beau sachet BO SA+SHA negligee debris NEG+LI+SHA DA+BRE chassis debut SHAfc+E DA+BU 120. Writing exercise. — Gentlemen: Please ship us the following by local freight tomorrow: 5 packages steel wool 5 bundles medium fine wood wool 25 bushels lime 15 hundredweight Portland cement 1/6 dozen crucible steel trowels Please see that these articles are well packed, as they have to be hauled over rough country roads. Gentlemen: Please quote carload and less than carload rates on mixed merchandise from Cincinnati to St. Louis. SECTION SIX Step Three PUNCTUATION 121. Punctuation. — All notes should be proper- ly punctuated when written, as punctuation is often necessary to convey the correct meaning. When the dictation is at a high rate of speed and there is not enough time to punctuate completely, be certain to at least use the period and comma appropriately, and, as far as possible, the semi-colon. The following is a list of all the arbitrary signs used in writing punctuation, etc., on the National. FNTG . (period) fKDS > (comma) FENKTDGfc > (semicolon) FNTG+FNTG : (colon) BCPD 9 (interrogation mark) STHW ! (exclamation mark) BCPDFNTG t (apostrophe or single quotation mark) BCPDFNTG+BCPDFNTG (( (quotation marks) AE - (hyphen) AE+AE — (dash) STHWffKDfc ( (parenthesis) STHWfKDfc ) (parenthesis) BSCTPHDWFfNKTDGSi (underscore) CAf begin with capital letter CAfffc write all caps ?+ff paragraph X correction sign K+X space (between letters, sen- tences, etc.) IPS NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 122. How to remember the punctuation marks. — The upper right row of four keys is the period and the lower row the comma; the period being above the comma, the two struck together form the semicolon. The period struck twice, which will appear in the notes as one above the other, is the colon. Opposite the period on the left side is the question mark, and opposite the comma is the exclamation mark. The apostrophe, or single quotation, is the entire top row, and the single quotation mark struck twice makes the full or double quotation marks. The hyphen is written with two vowels, which are in the middle of the keyboard or line of writing and between the consonants, just as the hyphen occurs between words. A long or double hyphen makes the dash. As the top row forms the single quotation mark* so the bottom row forms the parenthesis. Note that the same sign is used for the beginning and ending parenthesis. The upper and lower rows on both sides form the underscore sign. 123. How to use the punctuation marks.— Apostrophe. — As a rule, it is not necessary to show the apostrophe in the notes, but, when it is necessary, as in some proper names, etc., it must be written. I bought Star ks' farm. I+BOT+STARKSH-BCPDFNTG+ PHARM. I bought Stark's farm. I +B0T+STARK+ BCPDFNTG+S+PHARM. Quotation marks. — Write the quotation marks before and after that which is quoted. NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 107 Hyphen.— Smith-White Lumber Co., SM I JB+AE+ HWIT+LUMffSH-CO. Parenthesis. — A parenthesis is struck before and after the matter to be enclosed. Underscore. — Write the underscore sign immediately after each word to be underscored. Capitals. — Indicate ihe capitals by placing the appropriate sign after each word so affected. 124. Writing exercise. — Write the following with all the marks of punctuation and other signs. Write fifteen times. Gentlemen: Referring to your order No. 2842, we quote the pub- lisher's letter of the 10th as follows: "The new edition of our famous book, 'Shoot — A Story of Arms', (Antique paper) will be shipped the first of the week. "We will ship your order complete on Tuesday by Fargo express. "It will be marked RUSH." As soon as these books are received from the publishers we will express you one hundred copies. SECTION SIX Step Four COMPLIMENTARY CLOSES CORRECTIONS 125. Complimentary closes. — Abbreviate the words in the complimentary close of a letter by using the initial letter of each word in the close. This refers to those complimentary closes in common use. Yours truly, Y— T; very respectfully yours, V— R+Y; yours very truly, Y— FT. Initial or final consonants may be used in writing the initial letters of such words, and so far as possible should be written in the same stroke. This use of the initial abbreviations applies only to complimentary closes and must not be carried into other uses. Study the following and practice thoroughly. YT Yours truly V-T Very truly Y— FT Yours very truly V— T+Y Very truly yours R Respectfully R+Y Respectfully yours Y-R Yours respectfully Y+V-R Yours very respectfully V-R+Y Very respectfully yours Y-* Yours sincerely S+Y Sincerely yours C+Y Cordially yours PH+Y Fraternally yours NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 109 126. Corrections, insertions, etc. — Should it become necessary to make a correction, insert some- thing or cut out something some distance back in the dictation, refer to the place in the notes where the correction or change is to be made and, with a pencil, insert a letter (such as A, B, C, etc.). Then strike two stars for a space, then write the letter (A, B, . C, or whatever letter is used); then strike two stars for a second space. Write the instructions of the dictator for making the correction, together with the corrected copy, insert or cut-out. The first letter, which is inserted with a pencil, serves as a warning to the reader, who immediately looks forward in the notes for the corresponding let- ter, set off between spaces, reads the instructions for making the correction and transcribes the notes ac- cordingly. Where the correction is merely a minor one, such as the insertion of a single word, cutting out a word or two, etc., it may be made in the notes with pencil. SECTION SIX Step Five ADDITIONAL ABBREVIATIONS 127. Standard abbreviations. — Practice thoroughly the following standard abbreviations: TERM telegram, telegraph AUifi authority, authorize -MF manufacture COM comm unica te MEM memorandum MEM+A memoranda MB machine ANSI answer ETfc et cetera PRO? proprietor SIG signature P-fc postscript CWE& question 128. Word signs. — Practice thoroughly. ARMS? also SA satisfactory LRED already TOG together IMF important, VAN advantage importance VEN convenient -ff& possible VID individual CTOF govern Vlfc advise, advice ORG organize TIK particular NEfc necessary THU enthusiastic REff represent THU enthusiasm REST represen ta tive NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 111 129. Writing exercise. — Write ten times. Dear Sir: According to the memorandum which I find among my memoranda, the manufacturer had no authority to authorize Mr. Brown to telegraph you an answer to your telegram relative to the new machine. He is permitted to communicate by wire only in cases of difficult collections, receiverships, etc. Yours truly. Dear Sir: I have your particular advice relative to representing the estate when the new glass company is organized. I am sorry to have to advise you that it will not be convenient or possible for me to act as your represen- tative in a satisfactory manner at this meeting. I have some important business transactions for which the same date had already been set. This, together with the fact that it is necessary for me to take ad- vantage of this meeting for presenting other individual claims, governs me in my action in the matter. I have also advised the attorneys on the other side. Very truly yours. Gentlemen: The proprietor of the National Lead Works is a very enthusiastic advocate of the new compensation law. He has often displayed this enthusiasm publicly. I suggest you get in touch with him. Yours very truly. 1 1 i Iff II 1 ■ m ■■ HHit ill'!: