1 I ' K \3 ** i s- %< a' £°<. « . 344 S* r Philip Sidney. [1586 " Oh, noble Sir Philip, never did man attain hurt so honourably, or serve so valiantly, as you ! " cried Sir William Russell, himself bleeding from wounds he had just bravely received. But Sidney declared that he had only performed his duty to God and England, and that his life could not be better spent than in such an exploit as that day's. " For you have now such success as may encourage us all," he said ; " and this my hurt is the ordinance of God by the hap of war." In that temper, the wounded soldier was conveyed in his uncle's barge, along the Yssel and the Rhine, to Arnhem, quitting for ever the battle-field in which he had hoped to achieve so much. The war was waged without him, and, after a time, without the Earl of Leicester, whose management had done nothing but harm to the cause he essayed to help. Throughout five and twenty days Sir Philip Sid- ney lay at Arnhem, in the house of a lady named Gruithuissens. His wife, as soon as she heard of his condition, though she was far advanced in preg- nancy, hastened from Flushing to attend upon him. Nor were there wanting other anxious watchers by his bedside, or expressions of sympathy from those who were absent. His brothers, Robert and Thomas, both winning fame in the Netherlands, were with him as often as they could be spared from their military duties. The Earl of Leicester, moreover, went to Arnhem whenever he was able, to show real grief at his nephew's trouble, and to offer such words of kindly meant but hollow comfort as none 1586] The Sick-bed at Arnhem. 345 so well as he knew how to use. The Queen, when she heard of the fight at Zutphen, and its main incident, with her own hand wrote Sidney a com- forting letter, and sent it by a special messenger, who was ordered to return immediately with full information as to the sufferer's health and the chances of his recovery. The surgeons in charge of Sidney seem to have erred through over-tenderness or ignorance. When they came to him, he bade them freely cut and probe to the bottom of the wound. They were content to deal with it on the surface. " With love and care well mixed," says Fulke Greville, not re- membering that excess of love may cause lack of care, " they began the cure, and continued some six- teen days with such confidence of his recovery as the joy of their hearts overflowed their discretion, and made them spread the intelligence of it to the Queen and all his noble friends in England, where it was received not as private but as public news." " All the worst days be passed, as both surgeons and physicians have informed me," Leicester wrote to Walsingham on the 2d of October, the tenth day, " and he amends as well as is possible in this time ; and he himself finds it, for he sleeps and rests- well, and hath a good stomach to eat." But Sidney himself was at no time sanguine. On being removed from Zutphen, he was heard to whis- per thanks to God for not taking him at once, but rather leaving him a little space in which to prepare for death. On the 30th of September he sent for his friend George Gifford, an eminent divine, who 346 Sir Philip Sidney. [1586 wrote an interesting if over-wrought account of the sick-bed experiences. " Although he had professed the Gospel, loved and favoured those that did em- brace it, entered deeply into the concerns of the Church, taken good order and very good care for his family and soldiers to be instructed and to be brought to live accordingly," says GifTord, " yet, entering into deep examination of his life now, in the time of his affliction, he felt those inward motions and work- ings of a spirit exciting him to a deep sorrow for his former conduct." He professed grief and repentance at much that he had done, and much that he had failed to do, in his short life. "All things in my former life have been vain, vain, vain," he declared ; and he asked that " The Arcadia " might be de- stroyed. He wrote a short poem, " La Cuisse Rompue," which was set to music, and sung to him. He also wrote to his learned friend Belarius, " a large epistle, in very pure and eloquent Latin," a copy of which, we are told, " for the excellency of the phrase, and the fittingness of the matter," was transmitted to Queen Elizabeth. Neither letter nor poem remains for us to read. On the 30th of September he made his will, to which a codicil was added a fortnight later. This document, as Fulke Greville considered, "will ever remain for a witness to the world that those sweet and large, even when dying, affections in him could no more be contracted with the narrowness of pain, grief, and sickness, than any sparkle of immortality can be buried in the shadow of death." 1586] Preparing for Death. 347 To his father-in-law, Sir Francis Walsingham, and his brother Robert, or either of them, he gave authority to sell so much of his property in the counties of Lincoln, Sussex, and Southampton, as was necessary to pay his father's debts and his own ; which latter were heavy in consequence of the ex- penses he had been put to in helping the war in the Netherlands. To his wife, Dame Frances Sidney, he bequeathed, during her lifetime, half the income arising from all the manors, lands, tenements, rents, rights, and reversions he had lately inherited from his father or otherwise acquired. In trust for his daughter Elizabeth he left £4,000 as a marriage por- tion, suitable provision being made for her education and maintenance until she was entitled to receive the principal. To his younger brother Thomas he assigned lands to the value of £100 a year, to be selected from any part of his estates, except Pens- hurst. That, with all the rest of the present income, save certain other small bequests, and reversion of the whole property, were left to the other brother, Robert. Several of the minor bequests are noteworthy. To his " dear sister," the Countess of Pembroke, he left " my best jewel, beset with diamonds." To his uncles, the Earls of Leicester and Warwick, and to his wife's parents, Sir Francis and Lady Walsing- ham, he left £100 apiece, " to bestow in jewels for my remembrance." For his aunt, the Countess of Sussex, another aunt's husband, the Earl of Hunt- ingdon, and his brother-in-law, the Earl of Pem- broke, he desired that three gold rings, set with 348 Sir Philip Sidney, [1586 large diamonds and all exactly alike, might be fashioned ; and to his aunt, Lady Huntingdon, and the wives of his uncles, the Earls of Warwick and Leicester, he appointed " every one of them a jewel, the best I have." To his " dear friends," Edward Dyer and Fulke Greville, he left all his books ; to another, Sir William Russell, his best suit of armour ; to Edward Wotton, his companion in Vienna in 1574, an annual present of a buck from Penshurst. Every servant was remembered, from the old and faithful Griffin Madox, who had been his steward ever since their return from foreign travel, and to whom he assigned an annuity of £40, down to the humblest in his employment, who were to receive £$ apiece. To the surgeons and divines who were wait- ing upon him during this his last illness gifts of ,£30 in one case and of ,£20 in the others were to be made. On the 6th of October the Earl of Leicester wrote hopefully about his nephew. " He feeleth no grief now but his long lying, which he must suffer." But Sir Philip knew that he was dying. On the 8th he discovered, what the surgeons had not noticed and now denied, that mortification of his shattered limb had commenced. His only fear was that the pains he was enduring, and concealing from such un- observant eyes as Leicester's, might spoil the vigour of his mind before the body was at rest. " I do with trembling heart, and most humbly," he said, " intreat the Lord that the pangs of death may not be so grievous as to take away my understanding." On the evening of Sunday, the 16th, after he had been ill for four and twenty days, Sidney suddenly 1586] Dying. 349 raised himself in his bed, and, resting his elbow on the pillow, called for a piece of paper. In a fitful gleam of hope, perhaps, he wrote this touching little note to his friend John Wier, the chief physician of the Duke of Cleves, and the famous pupil of Cornelius Agrippa : " Mi Wieri, veni, veni. De vita periclitor, et te cupio. Nee vivus, nee mortuus, ero ingratus. Plura non possum, sed obnixe oro ut festines. Vale. Tuus Ph. Sidney." But death came more quickly than the physician. Before daybreak on Monday, the 17th, Gifford walked gently to the bedside and asked Sidney how he was. " I feel myself more weak," he replied. " I have not slept this night." He was troubled in his mind, doubting whether his prayers had been answered and his sins forgiven. Gifford comforted him with texts and pious assurances. Sidney then, lifting up his eyes and hands, exclaimed, " I would not change my joy for the empire of the world." He called for his will, had it read over to him, and dictated and signed the codicil, by which, among other bequests, he left his best sword to the Earl of Essex, and the next best to Lord Willoughby. That done, he asked that the poem he had written two or three weeks ago might be chanted to him for the last time. During the next three or four hours he con- versed at intervals on matters proper to the occasion. Whenever there was a long pause and his friends kept silence, thinking he might be asleep, he asked them to talk on : "I pray you speak to me still." About noon he became visibly weaker, and he took leave, one by one, of his sorrowing friends. 35o Sir Philip Sidney. [1586 One of the last to be addressed was his brother Robert, knighted ten days before for his bravery at Zutphen. " Love my memory," said Sir Philip ; " cherish my friends ; their faith to me may assure you they are honest. But above all, govern your will and affections by the will and word of your Creator ; in me beholding the end of the world with all her vanities." A little later, at about two o'clock in the afternoon of this memorable Monday, the 17th of October, 1586, as he lay with closed eyes, Gifford said to him : " Sir, if you hear what I say, let us by some means know it ; and if you have still your inward joy and consolation in God, hold up your hand." Straight- way he raised not one hand alone but both, and set them together on his breast, with joined palms and fingers pointing upwards, in attitude of prayer. Thus died Sir Philip Sidney. SIDNEY'S TREE CHAPTER XIX. SUPPLEMENTARY. ^S^S^^^Sf^ IR >" wrote the Earl of Leicester (§\nY ^^' >fu to Sir Francis Walsingham on the 25th of October, eight days after Sir Philip's death, " the grief I have taken for the loss of my dear son and yours would not suffer me to write sooner of those ill news unto you, especially being in so good hope, so very little time before, of his good recovery. But he is with the Lord, whose will be done. What perfection he was born unto, and how able he was to serve her Majesty and his country, all men here almost wonder. For mine own part I have lost, beside the comfort of my life, a most principal stay and help in my service here, and, if I may say it, I think none of all hath a greater Iojs than the Queen's Majesty herself. Your sorrowful daughter and mine is with me here at Utrecht, till she may recover some strength ; for she is wonder- 351 352 Sir Philip Sidney. fully overthrown through her long care since the beginning of her husband's hurt ; and I am the more careful that she should be in some strength ere she take her journey into England, for that she is with child, which I pray God send to be a son, if it be His will ; but, whether son or daughter, they shall be my children too." Neither son nor daughter, however, came into the world alive. Lady Sidney's wifely zeal had interfered with her parental responsibilities, and her child was still-born. " The Lord hath in- flicted us with sharpness," Leicester said in another letter. " I go no whither," Fulke Greville wrote to a fel- low-mourner soon after the news of his friend's death reached him. " The only question I now study is whether weeping sorrow or speaking sorrow may most honour his memory that I think death is sorry for. What he was to God, his friends, and country, fame hath told, though his expectations went beyond her good. Give me leave to join with you in prais- ing and lamenting him, the name of whose friend- ship carried me above my own worth, and I fear hath left me to play the ill poet in mine own part." * All England went into mourning for the dead Sidney. " It was accounted a sin," we are told, " for any gentleman of quality, for months after, to appear at Court or city in any light or gaudy apparel." On the day when the corpse was landed in England for burial Queen Elizabeth sent a message to Sir Francis Walsingham, saying she would have visited * Hatfield MSS.; Fulke Greville to Archibald Douglas, (October,) 1586. England in Mourning. 353 him in person that morning but for fear that their meeting would have redoubled both his and her grief at the loss of Sir Philip.* The Queen's grief seems to have shown itself in rough ways. Naunton, in his " Regalia," tells how, some time after, young Lord Mountjoy having stolen away from Court and joined Sir John Norris's company, Elizabeth had him brought home by special messenger, and, " when he came into the Queen's presence, she fell into a kind of reviling, demanding how he durst go over without leave." " Serve me so once more," quoth she, " and I will lay you fast enough for running. You will never leave it until you are knocked on the head as that inconsiderate fellow Sidney was." On Monday, the 24th of October, the hero's body, having been suitably embalmed, was removed from Arnhem to Flushing, there to remain for another week. On the 1st of November it was conveyed to the water's edge, followed by twelve hundred of the English soldiers, walking three abreast and trailing their swords and muskets in the dust, and by a vast concourse of Dutch burghers. As they marched solemn music was performed. Rounds of small shot were thrice fired by all the men present, and from the great ordnance on the walls two volleys were discharged as the corpse was taken from the shore. It was placed in The Black Pinnace, Sir Philip Sid- ney's own vessel, its sails, tackle, and other furniture being all of black stuff, and was accompanied out of port by several other ships, all in mourning. * State Papers, Domestic, Elizabeth, vol. cxcv., No. i.; Davison to Walsingham, 5 November, 1586. 23 354 Si r Philip Sidney. The people of the Netherlands were loth to part with the remains of him who had died in their ser- vice. The States entreated that the honour of providing for his burial might be conferred on them ; if so, they would pledge themselves, they averred, to erect for him as fair a monument as had ever been set up for any king or emperor in Christen- dom ; " yea, though the same should cost half a ton of gold in the building." But England claimed her own. On Friday, the 5th of November, the mournful cargo was landed at Tower Hill, on the Thames, and thence borne to a house in the Minories, where it waited three months for interment. The reason for this unusual delay is curious. " Sir Philip Sidney hath left a great number of poor creditors," Walsingham wrote to Leicester on this 5th of November. " What order he hath taken by his will for their satisfaction I know not. It is true that, immediately after the death of his father, he sent me a letter of attorney for the sale of such portion of land as might content his creditors ; but there was nothing done before his death. I have paid and must pay for him about ^6,000, which I do assure your lordship hath brought me into a most desperate and hard state, which I weigh nothing in respect of the gentleman who was my chief worldly comfort." When the will in which Sidney had made arrange- ments for payment of his father's debts reached England informalities were found in it, and there were legal difficulties in its execution owing to the son's death having followed so quickly on the Waiting for Burial. 355 father's. " I have caused Sir Philip Sidney's will to be considered by some gentlemen learned in the law," Walsingham wrote in another letter, " and I find the same imperfect touching the sale of his land for the satisfying of his poor creditors ; which, I assure your lordship, doth greatly afflict me, that a gentleman that hath lived so unspotted a reputation, and had so great cares to see all men satisfied, should be so exposed to the outcry of his creditors. This hard estate of this noble gentleman maketh me stay to take order of his burial until your lordship return. I do not see how the same can be performed, with that solemnity that appertaineth, without the utter undoing of his creditors, which is to be weighed in conscience." The Earl of Leicester would not or could not find means for the burial of his nephew. Therefore it was postponed either until the lawyers' hindrance had been removed, or, as is more probable, until Sir Francis Walsingham had saved enough money to defray the expenses out of his own pocket. It was commonly reported at the time that the thing was being done at his individual cost, and purely out of regard for his son-in-law's memory. At any rate, we may be sure the funeral was honestly paid for; and it was a more splendid funeral, perhaps, than had ever yet been given to any English subject. Thursday, the 16th of February, 1587, four months all but a day after Sidney's death, was appointed for the ceremony, and no pains were spared to make the pageant worthy of the hero. Upwards of seven hundred mourners took rank in the procession, which 356 Sir Philip Sidney. contained representatives of every class of English society, duly betokening the grief felt by all England. Two and thirty poor men, one for each year of Sidney's life led the way, in long mourning gowns, with their short hats pressed tightly over their heads, and long- staves in their hands. Next followed offi- cers, fifers, and drummers of foot, and captains, cor- porals, and trumpeters of Sidney's regiment of horse, all with their truncheons reversed, and with ensigns, bearing the mottoes Semper eadem and Pulchrum propter se, trailing in the dust. After these came an uplifted standard, Sidney's own, showing the cross of St. George, the Sidney crest — a porcupine, collared and chained, between three crowned lions' heads — and the device Vix ea nostra voco. It was borne by Mr. Richard Gwyn, who was followed by sixty of Sidney's gentlemen and yeo- men, of all ages and sizes, but clothed alike in sombre garb and walking in pairs. By themselves were the dead man's chief physician and surgeon, Dr. James and Mr. Kell ; and a few paces behind was Griffin Madox, his loving steward. Next walked, in pairs, sixty of his kindred and friends, among them being Sir Francis Drake and Sir William Herbert, Edward Waterhouse and Thomas Perrott. The preacher chosen for the day, attended by two chaplains, part- ed these latter from the bearer of a pennant on which were embroidered Sidney's arms, and which intro- duced a separate portion of the procession. The hero's war horse, richly furnished, was led by a footman and ridden by a little page in whose hand was one half of a broken lance, the other half being Going to Burial. 357 trailed on the ground ; and following it was a barbed horse, caparisoned with cloth of gold, ridden by another little page who supported a reversed battle- axe on the saddle. Next appeared a great banner, carried by Henry White and attended by five heralds, in whose hands were badges of Sidney's knighthood. Portcullis held his spurs and his gloves, Blue-Mantle his gauntlets, Rouge-Dragon his hel- met, Richmond his shield, and Somerset his tabard, while Clarence King-at-arms walked sedately in the rear. All these served as ushers of the coffin, which at length approached. Shrouded in rich black velvet, and adorned with the Sidney arms, it was lodged on two long poles, each resting on the shoulders of seven yeomen. Four youths of the family held up the family banners, and the pall-bearers were Sir Philip's four especial friends, Fulke Greville, Edward Dyer, Edward Wotton, and Thomas Dudley ; one being at each corner, and all clad in long gowns and close-fitting hoods. Sir Robert Sidney, dressed in the same garb, walked as chief mourner, and at a little distance were four knights and two gentlemen of the Sidney and Walsingham households, Thomas Sidney being foremost. After them rode in pairs the Earls of Leicester and Huntingdon, the Earls of Pembroke and Essex, the Lords Willoughby and North ; and there were seven gentlemen from the Low Coun- tries, one representing each of the United Provinces. Finally, a long cavalcade was headed by the Lord Mayor of London, in his purple robes, and by his 358 Sir Philip Sidney. aldermen, sheriffs, and recorder, twenty in all. A hundred and twenty unarmed citizens were in at- tendance, and about three hundred citizens trained for war, all holding their weapons reversed. The company, thus ordered, started from the Minories and proceeded slowly to St. Paul's Cathe- dral, through streets so crowded that it was difficult to pass at all. The inside of the church was draped with black. When the coffin was placed upon a pile, the words inscribed upon it, and made the preacher's text, " Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord," found an echo in the hearts of all the thousands present. The sermon being over and the service read, the body was interred under the Lady Chapel, at the back of the high altar — all which, of course, was destroyed by the great fire of 1666; and a double volley of shot from the churchyard informed the world outside that Sir Philip Sidney had been buried. Death was busy with Sidney's kindred after as well as before the year in which his own life was prematurely ended. Both his father and his mother had passed away in the summer of 1586, the bril- liant career of his most famous uncle, the Earl of Leicester, a bad man in many ways, but not without some redeeming qualities, was closed in 1588, and in 1590 his other uncle, the Earl of Warwick, passed from a wond in which he had dwelt much less pompously, but much more worthily. In 1590, too, England lost one of its ablest and most honest statesmen, and the Sidney family its best friend, in His Survivors. 359 Sir Francis Walsingham, who died in his fifty-fourth year, so poor that it was needful to bury him at night time in St. Paul's Cathedral, where he lay in the same tomb as his honoured son-in-law.* The amiable and talented Countess of Pembroke lived on in widowhood till 1621, and was the patron of Shakespeare and many other famous men of letters unknown to fame in her brother Philip's day. Of her youngest brother Thomas we lose trace. The other brother, Robert, inheriting both the Sidney property and the wealth left by his uncle the Earl of Leicester, was created Baron Sidney of Penshurst in 1603, Viscount de LTsle in 1604, and Earl of Leices- ter in 1618, and lived until 1626. To him in 161 5 reverted the property of his niece Elizabeth, Sir Philip's only child, who at the age of fifteen was married to Roger Manners, fifth Earl of Rutland, and who died without issue when she was thirty. Her mother survived her. In 1590 Sir Philip's widow became the wife of the young Earl of Essex, and, after his execution, accepted as a third husband Richard de Burgh, Earl of Clanricarde. Spenser and the other poets, following Sidney's lead, and speaking in fictitious terms of Lady Rich as Stella, sometimes applied the title to Dame Fran- ces Sidney also. It is worthy of note that the true * This was hidden from view in 1591, when, as Stow tells us in hip " Survey of London," the body of Sir Christopher Hatton was buried close by, "under a sumptuous monument where a merry poet wrote thus : " ' Philip and Francis have no tomb, For great Christopher takes all the room.' " 360 Sir Philip Sidney. Stella, the object of Sidney's homage in verse, was the daughter of Walter Devereux, the first Earl of Essex, and that her brother, Robert Devereux, the second Earl of Essex, had Sidney's widow, the other Stella, for his wife. Thus the two Stellas were closely linked, in different relationships, to the three men who stand out most prominently as types of English chivalry in the Elizabethan age. The earliest of the three, the first Earl of Essex, unfortunate in nearly all the events of his life, died before he was thirty-five, and after Queen Elizabeth had been eighteen years on the throne. The latest of the three, the second Earl of Essex, was Queen Elizabeth's prime favourite, and the most conspicuous exemplar of chivalrous life, such as it was and could be then, during thirteen years before she caused him to be beheaded, when his age was not yet thirty-four. Between these two, and greater and worthier than either, in some ways the pupil of the one, in some ways the tutor of the other, was Sir Philip Sidney, whose short term of brilliant eminence was in the middle period of Queen Elizabeth's reign, and was closed by death when he lacked six weeks of being thirty-two years old. It is not necessary here to catalogue or largely quote from the praises and lamentations uttered in prose and verse by hundreds of Sir Philip Sidney's contemporaries, and the tributes to his worth of- fered by other hundreds living after him. Unlike as Hamlet is to Sidney, with some remarkable resem- Pra ised of all. 361 blances in particulars, it is not mere guessing to as- sume that Shakespeare, who settled in London and joined the Earl of Leicester's company of players while all the world was talking of Sidney's life and its heroic ending, had him in his thoughts when he made Ophelia speak of Hamlet as The courtier's, scholar's, soldier's eye, tongue, sword, The expectancy and rose of the fair State, The glass of fashion and the mould of form, The observed of all observers. How Sidney was regarded by men who could not have been blamed had they shut their eyes to his merits may be learned from one of the " Four Sonnets to Sir Philip Sidney's Soul," written by Thomas Constable, the Papist who had to divide much of his life between exile and imprisonment on account of his religion, yet had nothing but ten- derness and reverence for one who was a foremost champion of Protestant supremacy. Give pardon, blessed soul, to my bold cries, If they, importunate, interrupt the song Which now, with joyful notes, thou sing'st among The angel-choristers of heavenly skies ! Give pardon, eke, sweet soul, to my slow cries, That since I saw thee now it is so long, And yet the tears that unto thee belong To thee as yet they did not sacrifice ! I did not know that thou wert dead before : I did not feel the grief I did sustain. The greater stroke astonisheth the more : Astonishment takes from us sense of pain : I stood amazed when others' tears begun, And now begin to weep when they have done. 362 Sir Philip Sidney. " This is that Sidney," wrote William Camden of the friend he had lost, " who, as Providence seems to have sent him into the world to give the present a specimen of the ancients, so it did on a sudden recall him and snatch him from us as more worthy of Heaven than of earth." But the true-hearted student of men's thoughts and actions was too wise to grieve or repine. " Rest, then, in peace, O Sidney," he added. " We will not celebrate your memory with tears, but admiration. Whatever we loved in you, whatever we admired in you, still con- tinues and will continue in the memories of men, the revolutions of ages, and the annals of time. Many, as inglorious and ignoble, are buried in oblivion : but Sidney shall live to all posterity. For as the Grecian poet has it, ' Virtue 's beyond the reach of fate.' " But our record of Sir Philip Sidney's life, his chivalrous aims and chivalrous achievements, must be closed with w r ords written by his comrade and kinsman, Fulke Greville, afterwards Lord Brooke, the man who knew him intimately from childhood, and who, outliving him by two and forty years, caused the title, " Friend to Sir Philip Sidney," to be inscribed upon his tomb. " Indeed," Fulke Greville wrote, " he was a true model of worth ; a man fit for conquest, plantation, reformation, or what action so ever is the greatest and hardest among men ; withal, such a lover of mankind and goodness that whosoever had any real parts in him found comfort, participation, and pro- tection to the uttermost of his power ; like Zephy- " A True Model of Worthy 363 rus, he giving life where he blew. The universities abroad and at home accounted him a very Maecenas of learning, dedicated their books to him, and com- municated every invention or improvement of knowledge with him. Soldiers honoured him, and were so honoured by him, as no man thought he marched under the true banner of Mars that had not obtained Sir Philip Sidney's approbation. Men of affairs in most parts of Christendom entertained correspondence with him. But what speak I of these, with whom his own ways and ends did concur? since, to descend, his heart and capacity were so large that there was not a cunning painter, a skilful engineer, an excellent musician, or any other artificer of extraordinary fame, that made not himself known to this famous spirit, and found him his true friend without hire, and the common ren- dezvous of worth in his time. Besides, the ingenuity of his nature did spread itself so freely abroad as who lives that can say he ever did him harm? whereas there be many living that may thankfully acknowledge he did them good. Neither was this in him a private but a public affection ; his chief ends being not friends, wife, children and himself, but above all things the honour of his Maker, and the service of his prince and country." INDEX. Aid, the, Queen Elizabeth's ship, employed in Frobisher's expedition, 156, 157 Alencon, Francis, Duke of. See Anjou, Francis, Duke of Alexander, Sir William, editor of " The Arcadia," 264 Alva, Duke of, his persecution of the Netherlanders, 78 Amadas, Captain, his voyage to Virginia, 298 American colonisation, attempted by Frobisher, 156, 157, 161 ; Sidney's plans for, 296, 297 ; Raleigh's expeditions, 298, 299 Anjou, Francis, Duke of, the project of his marriage with Queen Elizabeth in 1572, when he was Duke of Alencon, 57, 59, 64 ; revival of the project in 1579, 177 ; Sidney's opposi- tion to it, 178, 223 ; Sidney's letter to the Queen about it, 182-185 ; the French embas- sage to Queen Elizabeth in furtherance of the project in 1581, 231 ; further marriage negotiations, 250, 251 ; his visit to England, 251 ; at Ant- werp in 1582, 251-253 death, 300, 301 Anjou, Henry, Duke of. Henry III. of France his See Anne, daughter of Philip II. and widow of Maximilian II., Sidney's visit to, at Prague, 121, 122 Antonio, Don, claimant of the crown of Portugal, Sidney's friendship with, 317 Antwerp, Sidney at, 86, 115, 127, 251-253; Languet at, 222, 253 ; the siege of, 312, 325 " Apology for Poetry," Sidney's. See " Defence of Poesy" " Arcadia," Sanazarro's, 260 " Arcadia," Sidney's, 67, 68, 203, 206, 207, 213-218, 225, 247. 255-257, 259-271, 274, 346 Areopagus, Sidney's and Spen- ser's 199-203, 206, 254, 256, 257, 269, 292 Arnhem, 336, 339 ; Sidney's ill- ness and death at, 344—350, 353 Arran, Earl of, 307, 308 Arundel, Earl of. See Howard, Philip Ascham, Roger, 40 ; on Venice, 72 ; Sidney's debt to, 189, ign Ashton, Thomas, founder of Shrewsbury School, 26, 31, 37 " Astrophel and Stella," Sid- ney's, 206, 224, 225, 236, 237, 240, 241, 243-245, 247, 255, 256, 269, 272-274 Athlone, Sidney at, 106 365 3 66 INDEX. Aubrey, John, his account of Sidney, 215, 247, 277 Audley End, Sidney at, 145, 187, 195 Axel, Sidney's capture of, from the Spaniards, 332-334, 33° B Banosius, Sidney's friendship with, 190 Barlow, Captain, his voyage to Virginia, 298 Barn Elms, Sir Francis Walsing- ham's house at Putney, 194, 288, 289 Basset, Mr., 114 Baynard's Castle, London, 130 ; Sidney at, 131, 137, 228, 231 Bedford, Earl of. See Russell, John Belarius, Sidney's letter to, from his death-bed, 346 Bergen-op-Zoom, Sidney's house at, 332 n. Berkeley, Henry, Lord, urged to marry his daughter to Philip Sidney, 55, 56 Berkeley, Richard, 55 Berkeley Castle, Queen Elizabeth at, 56 Black Pinnace, the, Sidney's vessel, 353 Blackfriars Theatre, the, 193 Blois, the treaty of, 59, 60 Blount, Charles, Earl of Devon- shire, his account of the rela- tions between Lord and Lady Rich, 239, 241, 242 ; his own relations with Lady Rich, 239, 242 Bohemian Diet of 1575, Sidney at the, 84 Bowes, Sir Jerome, 114 Breda, Sidney at, 127 Brielle, one of the "caution- towns " in the Netherlands, 313, 328, 337 ; Sir Thomas Cecil, Governor of, 320 Broadgates — afterwards Pem- broke — College, Oxford, 39 Brooke, Lord. See Greville, Fulke Brouker, Mr., 114 Bruno, Giordano, 190 ; his friendship with Sidney, 291- 293 Brussels, Sidney at, 115 Bryskett, Lewis, Sidney's com- panion in Germany and Italy, 70, 71 Buckhurst, Lord. See Sackville, Thomas Burbage, James, the actor, 1 93 Burghley, Lord. See Cecil, Sir William Butler, Thomas, tenth Earl of Ormond, Sir Henry Sidney's troubles with, 32-34, 36, 132 ; Philip Sidney's quarrel with, 133 ; his New-Year present to Queen Elizabeth in 1578, 139, 141 Cambridge University, Fulke Greville at, 39 ; Sidney alleged to have been at, 53 ; Sir Francis Walsingham at, 60 ; deputation from, to Queen Elizabeth at Audley End, 145 ; Gabriel Harvey and Edmund Spenser at, 196 Camden, William, his account of Shrewsbury, 26 ; at Oxford with Sidney, 39 ; his praise of Sidney, 362 Canterbury, Sir Henry Sidney at, 172, 175 ; Philip Sidney at, 251 Carew, Richard, of Antony, 38 Carey, Sir George, Governor of the Isle of Wight, 284 Carleill, Christopher, Sir Francis Walsingham's son-in-law, 295 ; his share in American explora- tion, 295 ; and in Sidney's West Indian project, 318 INDEX. 367 Casimir, Prince John, 113, 116 ; Sidney's visits to, in Germany, 116-118,124; his employment in the Netherlands, 163, 164, 172 ; his visit to England in 1579, 172-174, 281 ; Sidney's proxy as a K. G. in 1583, 281 ; Cathay, projects for reaching, and Sidney's share in them, 151-161 Cathay Company, the, 153, 156, 158, 161 Catherine de' Medici, Sir Henry Sidney's mission to, 22 ; at the time of the St. Bartholomew Massacre, 59, 61 ; Philip Sid- ney's opinion of, 182 ; his pro- posed mission to, 301 Cecil, Anne, afterwards Countess of Oxford, 42 ; the project for marrying her to Philip Sidney, 43-48 ; her other suitors, 49 ; her unfortunate marriage, 52 ; Cecil, Lady Mildred, her friend- ship with the Sidneys, 40-42, Cecil, Sir Thomas, Governor of Brielle, 320 Cecil, Sir William, afterwards Lord Burghley, 10; Chancel- lor of Cambridge University, 39 ; his early patronage of Sidney, 39-43, 50 ; the project for marrying his daughter to Sidney, 43-47 ; his place as a courtier, 91, 93 ; guardian of Robert, Earl of Essex, 109 ; Sidney's letter to him from Heidelberg, 116 ; entertains Queen Elizabeth at Theobalds, 142 ; his share in Frobisher's expeditions, 153, 158 ; his be- friending of Sidney, 282, 284, 288 ; his scolding of Sidney, 310, 311 ; Sidney's letters to, from the Netherlands, 327 Chancellor, Richard, 152 Charles IX. of France, 22 ; the Earl of Lincoln's mission to, 57—59 ; his patronage of Sid- ney, 60, 122 ; his share in the St. Bartholomew Massacre, 61- 63 ; his death, 122 Charlotte of Bourbon, wife of William of Orange, Sidney's visit to, 127 Chartley Castle, the Sidneys at, 96, 103 ; the Earl of Essex at, 105 Chaucer, Geoffrey, Sidney's praise of, 256 Chester, Sir Henry Sidney at, 146, 147 Chiswick, Lady Sidney at, 91, 146, 149 Chivalry in the Middle Ages, 2 ; under the Tudors, 2, 4 ; Sir Philip Sidney as a type of, 1, 5, 360 Christ Church College. See Ox- ford " Christian Religion, The True- ness of the," Sidney's and Golding's translation from Philip du Plessis-Mornay, 138, 275, 293 Churchyard, Thomas, the poet, 52, 146 Clanricarde, the Earls and the Countess of. See De Burgh Clinton, Edward, ninth Earl of Lincoln, his mission to Paris, 57-59 Coligni, Gaspard de, Admiral of France, 61, 62 ; killed in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 63 Cologne, Sidney at, 125, 126 Coningsby, Thomas, Sidney's friendship with, 70 Constable, Sir Robert, 284 Constable, Thomas, his " Sonnet to Sir Philip Sidney's Soul." 361 Cooke, Mildred. See Cecil, Lady "Countess of Pembroke's Arca- dia, The." See "Arcadia," Sidney's Cressy, Mr., 114 3 68 INDEX. " Cuisse Rompue, La," a poem written by Sidney on his death- bed, 346, 349 D " David, The Psalms of," trans- lated by Sidney and the Countess of Pembroke, 218 D'Avila, the Spanish Viceroy in the Netherlands, 79 Davison, William, English Am- bassador in the Netherlands, 310 De Burgh, Frances, Countess of Clanricarde, 359. See Sidney, Lady Frances De Burgh, Richard, second Earl of Clanricarde, Sir Henry Sid- ney's relations with, 106, 147 De Burgh, Ulick, third Earl of Clanricarde, married to Sir Philip Sidney's widow, 359 " Defence of Poesy," Sidney's, 83, 205, 206, 256-260, 267 " Defence of the Earl of Leices- ter," Sidney's, 274 De Horsey, Sir Edward, Captain of the Isle of Wight, 284 Dekker, Thomas, on arcadian- ism, 267 De LTsle, Barons. See Dudley, Ambrose and John De LTsle, Robert, 6 Delft, William of Orange at 175 ; Sidney at, 324 Dendermonde, the Spanish occu- pation of, 303 Desmond, Earl of, Sir Henry Sidney's troubles with, 33, 34 Deventer, 340 De Vere, Anne, Countess of Ox- ford. See Cecil, Anne De Vere, Edward, Earl of Ox- ford, his marriage with Anne Cecil, 49, 50 ; his scandalous behaviour, 52, 93 ; his success at Court, 90 ; his quarrel with Sidney, 179-182, 186, 199, 201 ; his literary circle, 201, 273 ; Gabriel Harvey's mock- ery of, 202 ; in the Nether- lands, 323 Devereux, Lady Dorothy, 238 Devereux, Frances, Countess of Essex, 359. See Sidney, Lady Frances Devereux, Lettice, Countess of Essex, 96, 101, 105, 109, 140; her marriage to the Earl of Leicester, 146, 170, 178, 237 ; Sidney's bequest to, 347 Devereux, Lady Penelope. See Rich, Lady Devereux, Robert, second Earl of Essex, 109, 239 ; his ser- vices in the Netherlands, 323, 340 ; at Zutphen, 341, 342 ; Sidney's bequest to, 349 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 ; his later career, 359, 360 Devereux, Walter, first Earl of Essex, 96, 101, 360 ; Philip Sidney's friendship with, 101- 108 ; his work in Ireland, 102, 103 ; Queen Elizabeth's treat- ment of, 102-104 ; his return to Ireland, 106 ; his death there, 107-109 Devonshire, Earl of. See Blount, Charles " Diana," Montemayor's, 260 Doesburg, the capture of, 340 Dordrecht, or Dort, Sidney at, 127, 324 Dormer, Lady, Sidney's aunt, 9 Dormer, Sir William, 9 Dorset, .Robert, Sidney's tutor at Oxford, 38 Dover, Sir Henry Sidney at, 22 Drake, Sir Francis, 162 ; his ex- pedition in the Golden Hind 162, 163, 316 ; in Parlia- ment, 298 ; his West Indian project and Sidney's share in it, 316-319, 321 ; at Sidney's burial, 356 Dresden, Sidney at, 85 Dublin, Sir Henry Sidney in, 31, 106 ; Philip Sidney in, 106, 108 INDEX. 369 Dudley, Ambrose, Baron de L'Isle and Earl of Warwick, Sidney's uncle, his birth, 8 ; under Queen Mary, 14; his advance- ment by Queen Elizabeth, ig, 20 ; Master of the Ordnance, 20, 22, 2S2-284, 310 ; his en- couragement of maritime enter- prise, 152 ; his share in Martin Frobisher's expeditions, 152, 153 ; godfather to William Herbert, 210 ; Spenser's praise of, 282 ; Sidney's bequest to, 347 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 ; his death, 358 Dudley, Lady Catherine, Sid- ney's aunt. See De Hastings, Catherine Dudley, Edmund, Henry VII's agent, 6, 7 Dudley, Lord Guildford, Sidney's uncle, 8, 12, 14 Dudley, Lord Henry, Sidney's uncle, 8, 19 Dudley, Jane, Duchess of North- umberland, 15 Dudley, John, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland, Sidney's grandfather, 6, 7, n, 12, 13, 14, 130 Dudley, John, Earl of Warwick, son of the above, 8, 14, 20, 146 Dudley, Lettice, Countess of Leicester. See Devereux, Let- tice Dudley, Lady Mary. See Sid- ney, Lady Mary Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leices- ter, Philip Sidney's uncle, his birth, 8 ; under Queen Mary, 14, 15 ; his advancement by Queen Elizabeth, 19, 20, 21 n.j Chancellor of Oxford Uni- versity, 39 ; his early patronage of Philip, 39, 57 ; his share in the project for marrying Philip to Anne Cecil, 45, 46 ; his po- sition as chief courtier 90, 91 ; his help to Philip, 92, 93 ; his entertainment of the Queen at Kenilworth, 95 ; and at Wood- stock, 96 ; his relations with the Earl and Countess of Essex, 96, 105, 108, 109 ; his letter to John Casimir, 116 ; his share in the marriage of Mary Sidney to the Earl of Pembroke, 130, 131 ; entertains the Queen at Wanstead, 142-144, his mar- riage there with the Countess of Essex, 146, T78 ; his share in Martin Frobisher's expedi- tions, 152, 153 ; in disgrace, 178 ; his "players," 191, 193, 324 n.j godfather to Wiliiam Herbert, 210 ; restored to fa- vour with Queen Elizabeth, 211, 223 ; his share in the ne- gotiations for the Queen's mar- riage with the Duke of Anjou, 223, 231 ; his help to Philip, 228, 249 ; Philip's "defence" of, 274 ; appointed Lieutenant- General in the Netherlands, 313 ; his proceedings there, 323-325, 327, 33L 332, 334, 336, 333-340, 344 ; at Zut- phen, 340, 341, 343 ; by Sid- ney's death-bed, 344, 345 ; Sidney's bequest to, 347 ; on Sidney's death, 351, 352 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 ; his death, 358 Dudley, Thomas, at Sidney's burial, 357 Dudley Castle, Queen Elizabeth at, 97, 103 Du Ferrier, Arnaud, Sidney's friendship with, 72 Duns Scotus, 190 Du Plessis-Mornay, Philip, 67, 138 ; Sidney's friendship with, 138, 190 ; his " De Veritate Christiana," 138, 275, 293 Durham House, London, 101 ; Sidney at, 104, 105 Du Simier, the French Ambassa- dor in London, 178, 179 Dyer, Sir Edward, his rise at 37o INDEX. Court, gi ; his friendship with the Sidneys, gi, g2, 101 ; his New- Year present to Queen Elizabeth in 1578, 140, 141 ; his share in Frobisher's expedi- tions, 154 ; Languet's opinion of, 175 ; his poems, ig7~2oo, 204, 273; Sidney's poem about, 220 ; his visit to the Nether- lands, 251 ; a letter concerning Sidney, 284 ; Sidney's bequest to, 348 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 Edinburgh, Sir Henry Sidney in, 22 Edward VL, S ; his friendship with Sir Henry Sidney, g-13 Egerton, Philip, 283 Elizabeth, Queen, her early friendship with the Dudleys and Sidneys, g, ig, 40 ; her accession, ig ; her favours to the Earls of Leicester and "Warwick, 20 ; her quarrels with Sir Henry Sidney about Irish affairs, 32-35 ; her " progress " in 1571, 41, 42 ; her project of marriage with the Duke of Alencon, afterwards Duke of Anjou, 57, 5g, 64 ; Philip Sid- ney's entrance to her Court, 86, 87 ; her adoption of Mary Sidney, 8g ; her treatment of Walter, Earl of Essex, 102-104; her further ill-treatment of Sir Henry Sidney, 132-137 ; New- Year presents to her in 1578, I3g, 140 ; her visit to Wan- stead, 142-144 ; her visit to Audley End, 145 ; her share in Frobisher's expeditions, 153, 156, 157 ; her New-Year pres- ents in i57g, 171 ; her relations with John Casimir, 163, 172- 175, 281 ; the renewal of her marriage project with the Duke of Anjou, 177 ; her reproof of Sidney for his quarrel with the Earl of Oxford, 180 ; Sidney's letter to her on the marriage project, 1S2-185 ; godmother to William Herbert, 210 ; her fresh unkindness to Sir Henry Sidney, 210, 211 ; Philip Sid- ney's New-Year presents to, in 15S1, 22g ; further marriage negotiations, 231, 250, 251 ; the tournament before her in 15S1, 232-235 ; her gift of a lock of her hair to Sidney, 248 ; other favours to him, 24g, 2S1-285 ; her opposition to his marriage, 288 ; god- mother to his daughter, 28g ; her proposal to send him on a mission to Henry III. of France, 301, 302 ; her promise to protect the Netherlands, 312, 313 ; her prohibition of Sidney's West Indian project, 317, 31S, 320 ; her wrath at Leicester's governor-general- ship in the Netherlands, 324, 325, 327, 331 ; her letter to Sidney on his death-bed, 345 ; on Sidney's death, 352, 353 Elizabeth, widow of Charles IX. of France, Sidney's visit to at Prague, 122 Essex, the Earls and the Countess of. See Devereux Essex House, formerly Leicester House, London, g7 Etienne, Henri, 188 Etienne, Robert, 148 " Euphues," John Lyly's, 260; 266, 267 Exeter House, afterwards Leices- ter House, London, g7 " Fairy Queen," Spenser's, 207, 208, 214 Farnese, Alexander. See Parma, Duke of " Ferrex and Porrex," iSg INDEX. 371 Fitzwalter, Baron. See RatclifTe, Thomas Fitzwilliam, Lady Anne, Sid- ney's auut, 9 Fitzwilliam, Philippa, Sidney's cousin, 70 Fitzwilliam, Sir William, 9 Flanders. See Netherlands Flushing, Sidney at, in 1582, 251; Sidney appointed Governor of, in 1585, 313, 320; his occupa- tions there, 322, 323, 325, 326, 33°, 33 2 , 336-338 ; funeral honours to him at, 353 Frankfort, Sidney at, 65-68, 85 Frederick III., Elector Palatine, 79, 112, 113 Frobisher, Martin, his employ- ments under Sir Henry Sidney, 152 ; his expeditions in search of a North-west Passage to India, 153-161, 295 G Gabriel, the, Frobisher's barque, 154, 156 Galway, Sidney at, 106, 109 Gamage, Barbara, her marriage to Robert Sidney, 291 " Gammer Gurton's Needle," 197 Gascoigne, George, the poet, 96, 191, 256 Geertruidenberg, Sidney at, 127, 339 Genoa, Sidney at, 76 Ghent, "the pacification of," 113, 116 ; the Spanish occupa- tion of, 303 Gifford, George, the minister in attendance at Sidney's death- bed, 345, 346, 349, 350 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, his em- ployments under Sir Henry Sidney, 152, 295 ; his expedi- tion to Newfoundland, 295 Gilbert Hill, near Zutphen, 340 Golden Hind, the, Drake's voyage round the world in, 126, 163, 316 Golding, Arthur, his share in translating ' ' De Veritate Chris- tiana," 275 " Gorboduc," 189 Gosson, Stephen, Sidney's patron- age of, 204, 205 ; his, "School of Abuse," 204, 205, 257 Gowrie, Earl of, 307, 308 Grave, the Spanish siege of, 330 Gravesend, Sidney at, 321 Gray, Patrick, sixth Lord Gray, " the Master of Gray," his plots and treacheries, 308 ; Sidney's friendship with, 308, 309 Greene, Robert, 266 Greenwich, Sidney at, 109, 128, 132, 145, 250 Grenville, Sir Richard, 295, 298 Gresham, Sir Thomas, his share in Frobisher's expeditions, 153 ; his entertainment of Prince John Casimir, 172 Greville, Fulke, Lord Brooke, 26 ; at school with Sidney, 25, 27 ; at Oxford with Sidney, 39 ; at Cambridge, 39 ; his later friendship with Sidney, 101 ; his visit to Germany with Sid- ney, 114, 128 ; his New-Year present to Queen Elizabeth in 1578, 140, 141 ; his visit to the Netherlands, 175 ; his poetical exercises, 200, 273 ; Sidney's poems about, 220 ; his office in Wales, 231 ; his share in the tournament of 1581, 232-235 ; his second visit to the Netherlands, 251 ; his relations with Giordano Bruno, 292 : his work in Parliament, 305 ; his proposed expedition to the W T est Indies, 316 ; Sid- ney's bequest to, 348 ; on Sid- ney's death, 352 ; at Sidney's burial 357 ; his " Life of Sir Philip Sidney," quoted, 23, 26, 61, 112, 115 120, 175, 259, 304, 306, 315 315, 317, 319, 338, 345, 346, 362 372 INDEX. Grey, Lady Jane, 12-14, 40 Grey of Wilton, Lord, 41 ; Lord Deputy of Ireland, 70, 219, 279, 280 ; Spenser's employ- ment under, 219, 295 Guise, Henry of Lorraine, Duke of, his share in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 62, 63 Gwyn, Richard, at Sidney's burial, 356 H Hague, The, the Earl of Leicester at, 324, 325, 327 ; Sidney at, 327 Hakluyt, Richard, at Oxford with Sidney, 38, 152 ; Sidney's friendship with, 277, 295 Hall, Arthur, the Puritan M. P. for Grantham, 230 Hall, Captain C. F., his discov- ery of Frobisher's relics in Labrador, 161 Hampton Court, Lady Sidney at, 17, 20, 150; Sir Henry Sidney at, 34, 150 ; Philip Sidney at, 146 ; Prince John Casimir at, 173 Hanau, Count Philip Lewis of. See Philip Lewis Harrington, Lady, Sidney's aunt, 9 Harrington, Sir James, 9 Harvey, Gabriel, 145, 187; his poem in praise of Sidney, 187 ; his friendship with Sidney and Spenser, 195-205, 254 Hastings, Catherine, Countess of Pluntingdon, Sidney's aunt, 8, 11 ; Sidney's bequest to, 348 Hastings, Henry, third Earl of Huntingdon, 11, 237, 238 ; Sidney's bequest to, 347 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 Hatfield, Queen Elizabeth at, 21 Hatton, Sir Christopher, his rise at Court, 90, 91 ; his New- Year present to Queen Elizabeth in 1578, 139, 141 ; his relations with Sidney, 181, 249, 288 Heidelberg, Sidney at, 65, 85, 113, 116-118. Heliodorus's " Ethiopic His- tory," 260 Henry VIII. of England, his patronage of Sir William and Henry Sidney, 8, 9 Henry III. of France, 177, 182, 231 ; Sidney's proposed mission to, 301, 302 ; the Netherland- er' appeal to, 312 Henry of Navarre, afterwards Henry IV. of France, 22 ; his friendship -with Sidney, 61 ; his marriage with Margaret of Anjou, 61, 62 Henry of Lichtenstein, Prince Sidney's friendship with, 139 Herbert, George, the poet, 249 Herbert, Henry, second Earl of Pembroke, 130 ; his marriage with Mary Sidney, 130, 131 ; Sidney's bequest to, 347 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 Herbert, Mary, Countess of Pem- broke, Sidney's sister, her birth, 17 ; adopted by Queen Eliza- beth, 89 ; her marriage to the second Earl of Pembroke, 130, 131 ; Sidney's first visit to her at Wilton, 131, 132 ; her New- Year present to Queen Eliza- beth in 1578, 140 ; her share in Frobisher's expeditions, 154, 158 ; Spenser's praise of, 209, 210 ; her children, 210 ; her father's visits to in 1580, 210, 211; Philip's residence with, in 1580, 210-219; "The Arca- dia," written for her, 213 ; her version of ' ' The Psalms of David," 218 ; her editing of " The Arcadia," 264, 265 ; Philip's bequest to, 347 ; her later career, 359 Herbert, Philip, 291 Herbert, William, first Earl of Pembroke, 129, 130 Herbert, William, third Earl of Pembroke, 210 INDEX. 373 Hohenlo, or " Hollock," Count, his relief of Grave, 330 ; his jealousy of Sidney, 331 ; his quarrel with Edward Norris, 338. 339 ' ' Holinshed's Chronicle, " quoted, 10, 334, 335 Holland. See Netherlands Hooker, Richard, 188 Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey, 188, 256, 273 Howard, Philip, Earl of Arundel, 232 Hudson, Henry, the navigator, 161 Hungary, Sidney in, 69 Huntingdon, the Earl and Coun- tess of. See Hastings, Henry Ireland, Sir Henry Sidney's ser- vices in, 18, 19, 31-36, 41, 42, 48, 97, 103, 106-108, 132, 146, 150, 226, 279 ; Philip Sidney in, 106-109; Philip's proposed employment in, 278-280 Italy, Sidney in, 70-81 J James II. of Scotland, Sidney's interest in his movements, 306-309 John of Austria, Don, 77, 113, 116 ; Sidney's meeting with, at Louvain, 115 John Casimir. See Casimir, John Jonson, Ben, 276, 291 ; his ac- count of Penshurst, 16, 17 ; on The "Arcadia," 267 Kemp, William, the actor, 324 //. Kenilworth Castle, Sir Henry and Philip Sidney's visit to, 40; the " princely pleasures" at, 95, 96, 190, 191 Kirke, Edward, or E. K., Sid- ney's and Spenser's friend, 199, 201, 204 Knollys, Sir Francis, 146 Knollys, Lettice. See Devereux, Lettice " Lady of May, The," Sidney's, 142-144, 187, 188, 255 Lane, Ralph, Governor of Vir- ginia, 298 ; Sidney's befriend- ing of, 299 ; his letters to Sid- ney, 299, 314 Langham, John, the actor, 193 Langham, Robert, a " servant " of the Earl of Leicester, 191- 193 Languet, Hubert, his early career, 66, 67 ; Sidney's friendship with him at Frankfort, 66-68 ; takes Sidney to Vienna, 68, 69 ; Sid- ney's correspondence with him while in Italy, 69, 72-77, 79- 81 ; with Sidney in Vienna, 82, 83; at Prague, 84, 118; and at Frankfort, 85 ; other letters to Sidney, 85, 86, 98, 99, 137 ; Sidney's meeting with him in Germany in 1577, 119, 120, 123, 126 ; his opinions on Frobisher's discoveries, 159 ; on Sidney's proposed service in the Netherlands, 165, 166, 343 ; later letters to Sidney, 168, 169, 1S1, 185, 186, 211, 212, 222 ; his visit to England in 1579, 172-174; in charge of Robert Sidney, 175 ; his death, 253, 271 ; his influence on Sid- ney, 301 Lauterburg, Sidney 3t, 124, 125 Lee, Sir Henry, 114 Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of. See Dudley, Robert Leicester, Robert Sidney, Earl of. See Sidney, Robert Leicester House, London, 97 ; Sidney at, 98, 104, 131, 137, 374 INDEX. 193, 197-199* 207, 213, 225, 228 " Leicester's Commonwealth," 275 Lepanto, the battle of, 77 Lewis, Elector Palatine, 113, 116 ; Sidney's visit to, at Neustadt, 124 Lewis of Nassau, Count, Sidney's friendship with, 66, 78 ; his death, 79 Lewis William of Nassau, Count, at Zutphen, 340 Lichtenstein, Baron Henry of, Sidney's friendship with, 139 Lincoln, Earl of. See Clinton, Edward Litchfield, Nicholas, author of "De Re Militari," 277 Lobetius, Dr., Sidney's acquaint- ance with, 85 Loch, Michael, his share in the Cathay Company, 153, 155, 161 Lock, Sir William, the London merchant, 153 Lorraine, Sidney in, 64, 65 Louvain, Sidney at, 115 Low Countries. See Netherlands Ludlow Castle, Sir Henry Sidney at, 21, 26, 35, 37, 88, 150, 226, 227 ; his heart interred at, 334 ; Philip Sidney at, 40 Lyly, John, 188 ; his " Euphues," '260, 266, 267 M McConnell, James, of Ulster, killed by Sir Henry Sidney, 19 Madox, Griffin, Sidney's servant and friend, 70 ; Sidney's be- quest to, 348 ; at Sidney's burial, 356 Malby, Sir Nicholas, 279 Manners, Edward, third Earl of Rutland, 49 Manners, Elizabeth, Countess of Rutland, Sir Philip Sidney's daughter, her birth, 289 ; her father's bequest to, 347 ; her later career, 359 Manners, John, fourth Earl of Rutland, 290 Manners, Roger, fifth Earl of Rutland, married to Sidney's widow, 359 Manners, Roger, uncle of the above, 289 Margaret of Anjou, her marriage with Henry of Navarre, 61, 62 ; her opinion of the Duke of Anjou, 252 Marlowe, Christopher, 188 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, Sir Henry Sidney's mission to, 22 ; Sir Philip's interest in her movements, 306-308 Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 13, 14, 18, 19 Maurice of Nassau, Count, the son of William of Orange, 323 ; his share in Sidney's capture of Axel, 332, 333 Maximilian II., Emperor of Ger- many, 82 ; Sidney at his Court, 82, 84, 118 ; his death, 112 Melancthon, Languet's friend and teacher, 66 Meta Incognita, Frobisher's, 154- 161 Michael, The, Frobisher's barque, 153-156 Middelburg, Sidney at, 324 " Mirror for Magistrates, The," 188, 256 Molyneux, Edmund, Sir Henry Sidney's secretary, 91, 147-150; Philip Sidney's anger with, 147; his memoirs of Sir Henry and Lady Sidney, 334, 335 Montemayor's " Diana," 260, 261 Montmorenci, Duke of, his mis- sion to London, 59 More, Sir Thomas, Sidney on, 80 ; his " Utopia," 260 Mornay. See Du Plessis-Mornay, Philip Muscovy Company, the, 156 INDEX. 375 N Nash, Thomas, 202 ; his praise of Sidney, 276 Nassau, Lewis, Lewis William, and Maurice of. See Lewis, Lewis William, and Maurice Netherlands, the, Spanish perse- cution in, 78, 79, 81, 83, 112, 113, 115, 116 ; Sidney's first visit to, 127 ; Sidney's project for fighting in, under William of Orange in 1578, 163-166 ; John Casimir's employment in, 163, 172 ; William of Orange's sovereignty in, 223-225, 300, 302 ; Sidney's second visit to, 251-253, 278 ; its desperate condition in 1585, 303 ; Sid- ney's plan for aiding, 303, 304, 306, 313, 314; the appeal of its people to Queen Elizabeth, 312 ; her promise to protect them, 312, 313, 315 ; Sidney's services and death in, 321-350 Neustadt, Sidney at, 124 Newfoundland, Sir Humphrey Gilbert's expedition to, 295 Newhaven, Sir Henry Sidney at, 22, 23 Nimeguen, the battle of, 79 Norris, Edward, Sidney's com- rade in the Netherlands, 339 Norris, Sir John, Sidney's com- rade in the Netherlands, 330, 340, 341, 353 Norris, Lord, Queen Elizabeth's treasurer in the Netherlands, 326 Northumberland, Duke and Duchess of. See Dudley, John and Jane North-west Passage to the Indies, projects for discovering a, and vSidney's share in them, 151- 161 Oatlands, Sidney at, 133 O'Neill, Shane, the Captain of Tyrone, Sir Henry Sidney's war with, 32, 33, 35 Orange, William, Prince of. See William Ormond, Earl of. See Butler, Thomas Oxford, the seventeenth Earl of. See De Vere, Edward Oxford University, Sir Henry Sidney at, 26, 37, 40 ; Philip's education at, 37-41, 50, 51, 53; Giordano Bruno at, 292 Padua, Sidney at, 75, 76 Pagenham, Sir William, 9 Palatinate of the Rhine, the, 79, 112, 113, 116, 117, 124 Paris, Sir Henry Sidney in, 22 ; Philip's visit to, 57-64 Parker, Archbishop, 39 Parliament, Sidney's share in the work of, during the session of 1581, 229-231 ; and the session of 1584-5, 298, 305, 306 Parma, Alexander Earnese, Duke of, the Spanish Viceroy in the Netherlands, 223, 224, 303, 325^330, 336 Paul Veronese, Sidney's friend- ship with, 73 ; his portrait of Sidney, 76, 85 - Peckham, Sir George, 295 ; his plans for American colonisa- tion, 297, 305 Peckham, Sir William, 284 Pelham, Sir William, 311, 338 ; at Zutphen, 341 Pembroke, the Earls and the Countess of. See Herbert Pembroke College, Oxford, 39, 145 Penshurst Place, Kent, granted to Sir William Sidney, 8, 14 ; Philip Sidney born at, 15, 16; Lady Sidney at, 17, 23, 24, 42 ; Philip at, 98, 137, 177, 199, 207, 268 ; its enlargement, 177, 198 ; Sir Henry Sidney's burial 37^ INDEX. at, 334 ; Lady Sidney's death and burial at, 335 Perkyn, John, the actor, 193 Perrot, Francois, Sidney's friend- ship with, 72 Perrott, Sir John, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 293 Perrott, Thomas, at Sidney's burial, 356 Perrott, Sir William, at Zutphen, 341 Philip II. of Spain, escorted to England by Sir Henry Sidney, 14 ; Philip Sidney's godfather, 15 ; his crusade against the Turks, 77, 78 ; his war in the Netherlands, 78, 79, 112, 113, 223-225, 300, 303 Philip Lewis of Hanau, Count, Sidney's friendship with, in Italy, 72, 76 ; Sidney's letters to, 86, 139 Plessis-Mornay, Philip Du. See Du Plessis-Mornay Plymouth, Sidney at, 317, 318 " Poesy, the Defence of." See " Defence of Poesy," Sidney's Portsmouth, Sir Henry Sidney at, 22 Poyntz, Giles, 55 Poyntz, Nicholas, 55 Prague, Sidney at, 84, 113, 118- 123 Presburg, Sidney at, 69 Preston, Thomas, author of "Cambises," 197 Pugliano, John Peter, Sidney's instructor in horsemanship, 83 R Raleigh, Sir Walter, 181, 188 ; with Sidney at Antwerp, 251 ; his colony of Virginia, 295, 298, 314 Rammekins Castle, Sidney Gov- ernor of, 313, 320, 322 Ratcliffe, Frances, Countess of Sussex, Sidney's aunt, 9, 10, 173 ; Sidney's bequest to, 347 Ratcliffe, Thomas, Lord Fitz- walter, afterwards Earl of Sussex, 9 ; Lord Deputy of Ireland, 18, 19, 32 ; Lord Chamberlain, 149 ; Sidney's bequest to, 348 Rich, Lady, her early acquaint- ance with Philip Sidney when she was Lady Penelope Dever- eux, 96, 105 ; the project for their marriage, 105, 108, 109, 170, 171, 360; her marriage with Lord Rich, 237-239 ; Sidney's sonnets on, 236, 237, 240, 245, 272-274 ; Spenser's references to, 244 ; her later history, 239, 241, 242 Rich, Lord Chancellor, 238 Rich, the second Lord, 238 Rich, the third Lord, his marriage with Penelope Devereux, 238, 239, 241, 242 ; Sidney's sonnets on, 240 Richmond Palace, Sidney at, 132, 137 Roanoke, Virginia, 298 Rochester, Sidney at, 128 Rochester Bridge, 305 Rodway, Richard, merchant tailor of London, 100 Rotterdam, Sidney at, 324, 327 Rudolph II., Emperor of Ger- many, 112, 118 ; Sidney's visit to, 118-121 " Ruins of Time," Spenser's, 277, 282 Russell, John, Earl of Bedford, 14 ; Sidney's godfather, 15 Russell, Sir William, at Zutphen, 344 ; Sidney's bequest to, 348 Rutland, the Earls and the Coun- tess of. See Manners Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buck- hurst, 189, 256 Saint Bartholomew, the Massacre of, 62-64, 66, 67, 301 INDEX. 377 Saint Patrick's Hole, Sidney's account of, 123 Saint Paul's Cathedral, Sidney's burial in, 358, 359 n. Sanazarro's "Arcadia," 260 " School of Abuse," Gosson's, 204, 205, 257 Scott, Sir Thomas, 291 Shakespeare, William, 188, 191, 210, 266, 276, 324 n., 360 " Shepherd's Calendar," Spen- ser's, Sidney's remark on, 257 ; quoted, I, 199 Shrewsbury, Sidney's schooling at, 25-31, 37 Shrewsbury, the Earl of. See Talbot, George Sidney, Ambrosia, Philip's sister, her birth, 17 ; Queen Eliza- beth's letter on her death, 88 Sidney, Anne, Sir Philip's grand- mother, 9 Sidney, Anne, Sir Philip's aunt. See Fitzwilliam, Lady Sidney, Elizabeth, Sir Philip's daughter. See Manners, Eliza- beth Sidney, Frances, Philip's aunt. See Ratcliffe, Frances Sidney, Lady Frances, Sir Phil- ip's wife, Sidney's " exceeding like to be good friend," 285 ; her relations with John Wick- erson, 2S8//./ her marriage to Sidney, 285-289 ; a jewel for her, 294 ; with her husband in the Netherlands, 329, 330, 332 71.; her husband's bequest to, 347 ; her illness, 351, 352 ; afterwards Countess of Essex and Countess of Clanricarde, 359 Sidney, Sir Henry, Sir Philip's father, his birth in 1529, 9 ; under Edward VI., 9-13 ; his marriage in 15 51, 11 ; his en- couragement of maritime enter- prise, 152 ; his share in the Lady Jane Grey plot, 12, 13 ; under Queen Mary, 13-15, 17 ; his first employment in Ire- land, 18. 19, 21 ; Lord Presi- dent of Wales from 1560 to 1585, 21, 26, 34, 35, 88, 150, 226, 334 ; his missions to Paris and Edinburgh, 22 ; employ- ments in England in 1562 and 1563, 22 ; his first letter to Philip, 27 ; Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1565 to 1567, 31- 34, 35, 37 ; at Hampton Court in 1567, 34 ; again Lord Dep- uty of Ireland from 1565 to I57L 35, 36, 4L 42, 48; at Oxford, 37, 40 ; at Kenil- worth, 40, 95 ; Elizabeth's condolence with, on the death of his daughter Ambrosia, 88 ; his third lord deputyship of Ireland, from 1575 to 1578, 97, 103, 106-108, 132, 146, 150, 226 ; on his daughter Mary's marriage to the Earl of Pembroke, 130, 131 ; Philip's defence of his Irish policy, 132-137 ; his return to Eng- land, 146, 147 ; at Hampton Court in 1578, 150; on Phil- ip's project for going to the Netherlands in 1578, 164 ; at Hampton Court in 1579, 171 ; in attendance on Prince John Casimir, 172, 175 ; his praise of Philip, 176 ; his visits to Wilton in 1580, 210, 211 ; his death and burial in 1585, 334 Sidney, Lucy, Sir Philip's aunt. See Harrington, Lady Sidney, Margaret, Sir Philip's sister, 16, 17 Sidney, Lady Mary, Sir Philip's mother, her birth, 8 ; her early friendship with Queen Eliza- beth, 9, 19 ; her marriage, 11 ; at Penshurst, 15, 17, 23 ; in attendance on Queen Eliza- beth, 18, 19, 20, 21 ; her small-pox, 23 ; her letter to Philip, 30 ; in Ireland with her husband, 31, 34 I at Court, 378 INDEX. 43, 54, 88; her "hard dis- tress " at a proposed peerage for Sir Henry, 54, 55 ; at Chis- wick, 91, 92 ; at Kenilworth, 95 ; her poverty, 100 ; her New Year present to Queen Elizabeth in 1578, 140, 141 ; her chamber at Hampton Court, 149, 150 ; her New- Year present to the Queen in 1579, 171 ; her patronage of Robert Langham, 192, 193 ; godmother to Philip Herbert, 291 ; her death, 335 Sidney, Mary, Sir Philip's aunt. See Dormer, Lady Sidney, Mary, Sir Philip's sister. See Herbert, Mary, Countess of Pembroke Sidney, Sir Philip, eldest son of Sir Henry Sidney Events of his Life: 1554 Born at Penshurst on 30th October, 15 ; early training there, 16-18, 24 1564 Appointed rector of Whitford in May, 24, 25 ; sent to Shrewsbury School in November, 25 ; his work there, 26-31 1568 Removed to Christ Church College, Oxford, 37 ; his occupations there till 1571, 37-39. 4i, 50, 51, 53; at Kenilworth and Ludlow with his father in August, 40 ; at Plampton Court with Sir William Cecil for Christ- mas, 43 1569 A marriage proposed between him and Anne Cecil 43 ; correspondence on the subject, 43-47 1570 The marriage project abandoned, 47, 48 157 1 At court and elsewhere, 53 1572 Goes to Paris in May, 57 ; attached to Charles TX's Court, 60; makes the acquaintance of Wal sing- ham, 60 ; witnesses the St. Bartholomew Massacre in August, 61-64 \ goes to Lorraine in September, 64, 65 1573 At Strasburg and Hei- delberg, and, in March, at Frankfort, 65 ; where he meets Hubert Languet, 66, 67 ; with whom he goes to Vienna in the summer, 68 ; visits Hungary, 69 ; and afterwards goes to Italy, 69, 70 1 574 Spends several months in Venice, 71-81 ; where he studies astronomy and a lit- tle music, 73, 7.4 ; some geometry, 74 ; history, litera- ture, and languages, 74, 78 ; and keeps careful watch on political occurrences, 77-80 ; makes acquaintance with Philip Lewis of Hanau, 72- 76 ; Tintoretto, 73 ; and Paul Veronese, 73 ; who paints his portrait, 76, 85 ; visits Padua and Genoa, 75, 76 ; is ill at Venice in July, 80 ; after which, returns to Vienna to winter there, 82 ; visiting Poland in the au- tumn, 82 ; at Vienna he is at the Court of Maximilian, 82 ; where he is taught horsemanship by Pugliano, 83 ; and reads classics with Languet, 98 1575 Goes to Prague in Feb- ruary or March, 84 ; returns to England by way of Dres- den, Heidelberg, Strasburg, Frankfort, and Antwerp, 85, 86 ; reaches London in May, 86 ; and becomes a favorite at Court, 88, 90, 92-94 ; is at Kenilworth in July, 95 ; at Chartley in August, 96, INDEX. 379 g7 ; and in London in No- vember, 98 ; much at Court, 98-101 ; and with the Earl of Essex, 101, 104, 105 1576 Visits his father in Ire- land in July, 106-108 ; is in London again in November, 109 ; proposals for his mar- riage with Lady Penelope Devereux, 108, 110 ; a sub- scriber to Martin Frobisher's expedition in search of a North-west Passage to the Indies, 153 1577 Sent as Ambassador to Germany, in ; leaves Lon- don in February, 113, 114 ; visits Don Juan of Austria at Louvain in March, 115; meets Prince John Casimir at Heidelberg, 116, 117 ; proceeds to Prague, 118 ; there he expostulates with the Emperor Rudolph, 119- 121 ; and meets the Empress Dowager of Germany and the Queen Dowager of France, 121, 122 ; other oc- cupations at Prague, 123 ; on his way homeward in May he visits the Elector Lewis at Neustadt, 124 ; the Landgrave William of Hesse, 125 ; and William of Orange at Dordrecht, 127 ; returns to London in June, 128 ; at Greenwich and Richmond with the Queen, 128, 132 ; with his sister, the new Countess of Pembroke, at Wilton, in July and August, 131, 132, 137 ; at Oatlands in Septem- ber with the Court, 133 ; his quarrel with the earl of Or- mond there, 133 ; his letter to the Queen in defence of his father's Irish policy, 134- 136 ; with the Court at Rich- mond and elsewhere during the winter, 137 ; his friend- ship with Philip du Plessis- Mornay and others, 13S, 139 : his interest in Martin Frobisher's expeditions, 154- 160 1578 His interchange of New- Year presents with the Queen, 140, 141 ; his " In- dian project " in March, 162 ; with the Court at Theobalds in April, 142 ; at Wanstead, where his ' ' Lady of May " is performed, 142- 144, 254 ; writes an angry letter to Edmund Molyneux in May, 147 ; at Greenwich and elsewhere in June and July, 145; his project for tak- ing service in the Nether- lands, 164 ; is appointed to some office under the Queen, 168 ; at Audley End in July, where he meets Gabriel Har- vey, 145, 187, 195 ; soon afterwards becomes ac- quainted with Edmund Spenser, 197 ; is president of the Areopagus, 200, 256 ; spends Christmas with his parents at Hampton Court, 171 1579 Again exchanges New- Year presents with the Queen, 171 ; in January and February helps to entertain John Casimir and Languet during their visit to London, 172-174; William of Orange's opinion of him, 175 ; his position at Court, " 176 ; his opposition to the Queen's project for marrying the Duke of Anjou, 178 ; his quarrel with the Earl of Oxford in September, 179- 182 ; his relations with Spenser, and their literary exercises, 198-203, 256 ; probably writes " The De- 380 INDEX. fence of Poesy " about this time, 205, 206, 256-259 1580 In January, he writes a letter to the Queen, con- demning her proposed mar- riage, 182-185 J which brings him into disgrace, 185 ; he passes several months in retirement at Wilton, 210; where he writes part of ' ' The Arca- dia," 213-217 ; also assists his sister in translating " The Psalms of David," 218 ; returns to Court in the autumn, 213, 220, 222 ; his occupations there, 224-226 ; is appointed steward of the Bishop of Winchester, 228 1 5 81 His New- Year presents to the Queen, 229 ; work as a member of Parliament between January and March, 229-231 ; his share in a tournament at Whitehall in May, 232-235 ; his occu- pations and position at Court, 236, 245-248, 250 ; appropriations and sinecures granted to him, 249 ; spends Christmas at Wilton, 251 ; probably writes much of "The Arcadia" and of " Astrophel and Stella" in this year, 259-274 1582 At Whitehall in January, 251 ; and in February ac- companies the Duke of Anjou to Antwerp, 251-253, 278 ; returns to Court in March, 278 ; proposed em- ployment in Ireland, 278- 280 ; in Wales in the sum- mer, 2S0 ; at Wilton in November and December, 280 ; at Court for Christmas, 281 1583 His New-Year present to the Queen, 281 ; knighted in January, 2S1 ; office to, promised him as joint Mas- ter of the Ordnance with the Earl of Warwick, whom he helps in that capacity, 282- 284 ; expected in March to be appointed Captain of the Isle of Wight, 284 ; a Gen- eral of the Horse, 284 ; ob- tains a grant of undiscovered land in America, and assigns part of it to Sir George Peckham, 295-297 ; married to Frances Walsingham in September, 285-289 ; at Court, and often at Walsing- ham House and Barn Elms during the next two years, 289, 290 1584 Miscellaneous occupa- tions, 290, 291 ; his friend- ship with Giordano Bruno, 291, 292 ; his proposed mis- sion to France in July, 301, 302 ; his plans for opposing Spain, 303-305 ; his interest in Scottish affairs, 306-309 ; his work as a member of Parliament in November and December, 298, 305 1555 Further work in Parlia- ment in February and March, 305 ; formally ap- pointed in July to share the mastership of ordnance with the Earl of Warwick, 283, 310, 311 ; his proposed ex- pedition with Sir Francis Drake to the West Indies, 314-317 ; recalled from Plymouth by the Queen in September, 318, 319 ; ap- pointed Governor of Flush- ing in November, 320, 321 ; his movements there and in other parts of the Nether- lands, 322-324, 326 1556 Anxious to "make a noble war," 327 ; correspond- ence on his difficulties, 325- 330 ; in February endeavours INDEX. 381 to besiege Steenbergen, 330 ; appointed Colonel of the Zeeland Horse, 331 ; sur- prises and takes Axel in July, 332, 333 ; at Arnhem, and elsewhere, 336 ; at Flushing in August, 337, 338 ; at Geertruidenberg, 339 ; at Arnhem again, 339 ; at the taking of Doesburg, 340 ; joins the fight at Zut- phen on 21st September, and is wounded there, 340- 344 ; conveyed to Arnhem, 344 ; his illness there, 344- 349 ; his will, 346-348 ; his death on the 17th October, 350 ; the removal of his body to London, 353, 354 ; obstacles to his burial, 354, 355 1587 His burial in February, 355~358 Letters written by him to Sir William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burghley, 50, 51, 82, 116, 124, 282, 310, 327 the Earl of Leicester, 65, 66, 79, 82, 116, 124, 211, 280, 322, 323, 327, 330 Hubert Languet, 73, 75, 79, 81, 98, 141, 155, 157, 158, 162, 169 Count Philip Lewis of Hanau, 86, 139 Queen Elizabeth, in defence of his father's Irish policy, 134-136 ; in opposition to her proposed marriage with the Duke of Anjou, 182-185 Sir Henry Sidney, 137 Edmund Molyneux, 147 Robert Sidney, 176, 213, 225, 226, 235 Sir Christopher Hatton, 181 Sir P'rancis Walsingham, 285, 290, 324 «., 326, 327, 328- 330, 332 n., 337, 338 the Earl of Rutland, 290 Sir Edward Stafford, 295 the Privy Council, 237 Belarius, 346 John Wier, 349 Letters written to him by Sir Henry Sidney, 27, 164 Lady Mary Sidney, 30 Hubert Languet, 69, 74, 77, 80, 81, 85, 98, 99, 126, 138, 159, 165-169, 172, 174, 181, 185, 186, 211-213, 222 Edmund Molyneux, 148 Ralph Lane, 309, 314 Lord Burghley, 310 Queen Elizabeth, 318, 319, 345 His Writings. " The Lady of May," 142-144, 160, 188, 200, 254 " The Defence of Poesy," 83, 205, 206, 255-260 " The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia," 67, 203, 207, 213- 217, 225, 235,247, 253, 255- 257, 259-272, 274, 346 " Astrophel and Stella," 225, 236, 237, 240, 241, 245, 247, 255, 256, 272-274 Miscellaneous verse, 220, 221, 248, 274, 346, 349 " A Discourse in Defence of the Earl of Leicester," 274, 275 Translations : with the Coun- tess of Pembroke, "The Psalms of David," 118; with Arthur Golding, ' The Trueness of the Christian Religion," 138, 275 Sidney, Robert, Earl of Leicester, Sir Philip's brother, his birth, 18, 24 ; his education, 38 ; an early marriage project for, 56 ; his foreign travels, I75 -I 77> 226 ; Philip's letters to, 176, 213, 225, 226, 235 ; his mar- riage, 291 ; his services in the 382 INDEX. Netherlands, 323, 340 ; at Zut- phen, 341, 35° ; at Philip's death-bed, 344, 35° \ Philip's bequest to, 347 ; at Philip's burial, 357 ; his later career, 359 Sidney, Thomas, Sir Philip's brother, his birth, 18, 45 n.; his services in the Netherlands, 323 ; at Zutphen, 341 ; at Philip's death-bed, 344 ; Philip's bequest to, 347 ; at Philip's burial, 357 ; after- wards, 359 Sidney, Sir William, grandfather of Sir Philip, 6, 7, 10, 14 Sidney, Sussex College, Cam- bridge, founded by Sidney's aunt, 10 Somerset, Lord Protector, 8, 10 Somerset House, London, 173 Spenser, Edmund, 188 ; his early friendship with Gabriel Har- vey, 196 ; friendship with Sid- ney, 196-201, 204 ; his " Shep- herd's Calendar," 199, 206, 257 ; his share in the Areopa- gus, 200-203, 254 ; his and Sidney's influence on one an- other, 206-208, 214 ; his " Fairy Queen," 207, 208, 214 ; his praise of the Countess of Pembroke, 210 ; his employ- ment in Ireland, 219, 295 ; his praise of Sidney, 277 ; quota- tions from "The Shepherd's Calendar," 1, 199 ; " The Fairy Queen," 208; " Astro- phel," 218, 244 ; other verse, 202, 210, 245, 246, 282 Stafford, Sir Edward, ambassador in Paris, 295, 303 Stanley, Sir William, at Zutphen, 341 Steenbergen, Sidneys designs against, 330 Stella. See Rich, Lady Stephen Bathori, King of Poland, 224, 225 Stephens, Henry and Robert. See Etienne Still, John, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 196 Strasburg, Sidney at, 65, 85 Surrey, the Earl of. See Howard, Henry Sussex, the Earl and the Coun- tess of . See Ratcliffe Talbot, George, sixth Earl of Shrewsbury, 174 Talbot, Gilbert, his gossip from the Court, 91, 174 Tarleton, Richard, the actor, Sidney's friendship with, 193, 194 Temple, William, Sidney's secre- tary in the Netherlands, 321 Terneusen, Sidney at, 332 Theatre, the, at Shoreditch, 193, 195 Theobalds, Sidney at, 142 Thornton, Dr. Thomas, Sidney's tutor at Oxford, 38, 51 Tintoretto, Sidney's friendship with, 73 Tower of London, the, imprison- ment of the Duke of Northum- berland and his sons in, 14 ; Prince John Casimir at, 172 Trevor, Dr., of Chester, 147 Trinity College, Cambridge, 39 Tyrone, the Captain of, 32, 33 U Underdown, Thomas, the trans- lator of Heliodorus, 260 United Provinces. See Nether- lands Ursinus, Dr. Zacharius, Sidney's acquaintance with, 85 " Utopia," Sir Thomas M ore's, 260 Utrecht, Sidney at, 330 ; Lady Frances Sidney at, 351 INDEX, 383 Venice, Sidney in, 71-81 Vienna, Sidney in, 68, 69, 82-84 " Vindiciae contra Tyrannos," 67 Virginia, Raleigh's colony of, 298, 305, 314 \Y Wales, Sir Henry Sidney's ser- vices in, as Lord President, 21, 26, 35, 88, 150, 210, 2H, 226, 227, 334 Walsingham, Frances. See Sid- ney, Lady Frances Walsingham, Sir Francis, Philip Sidney's introduction to, 57 ; his early career, 59, 60 ; pro- I tects Philip in Paris, 60, 63, 64; j, his interest in Philip while in Germany, 84 ; his place as a courtier, 94 ; Philip's letters to him from Heidelberg, 116, 117 ; his commendation of Philip's embassage in Germany, 128 ; his share in Frobisher's expeditions 153 ; his mission to Paris in 1582, 250; his aid in Philip's advancement, 283- 285, 287 ; Philip's marriage with his daughter, 285-289 ; other relations with Sidney, 290, 291 ; his diplomacy in Scotland, 307, 309 ; Sidney's letters to from the Netherlands, 326-330, 332 n., 337, 338 ; Sidney's bequest to, 347 ; his arrangements for Sidney's burial, 354, 355 ; his own death and burial, 359 Walsingham, Mary, younger daughter of the above, 318 Walsingham, Lady, 385 n.j Sidney's bequest to, 347 Walsingham House, Sidney at, 289, 290 Wanstead, Sidney at, 142-144 ; 187 ; John Casimir at, 173 Warnsfeld, near Zutphen, 340, 341 Warwick, Ambrose Dudley, Earl of. See Dudley, Ambrose Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of. See Dudley, John Waterhouse, Edward, in the ser- vice of Sir Henry Sidney, 107, 109, no, 133, 136 ; at Sidney's burial, 356 Watson, Dr., afterwards Bishop of Winchester, 64 Wechel, Andrew, the Frankfort printer, 96 Wentworth, Peter, 229, 230 West Indies, Sidney's proposed expedition to, 314-319 Whitehall, 20, 98, 104, 173, 251 ; Sidney's quarrel with the Earl of Oxford at, 179-182 ; the tournament at, in 1581, 232- 235 Whitford, in Wales, Philip Sid- ney lay-rector of, 24, 25, 46, 101, 228 Wickerson, John, his relations with Frances Walsingham, 288, n. Wight, the Isle of, Sidney thought of as Captain of, 284 Wier, Dr. John, Sidney's letter to, on his death-bed, 349 Will, Sir Philip Sidney's, 346- 349, 354, 355 William, Landgrave of Hesse, Sidney's visit to, 125 William of Orange, the leader of the Netherlanders' revolt against Spain, 78, 79, 113, 116 ; Sidney's visit to, at Dor- drecht, 127 ; his message to Queen Elizabeth about Sidney, 175 ; his sovereignty over the Protestant provinces, 223, 224, 251, 252, 324 ; his assassina- tion, 300, 302 Willoughby, Sir Hugh, 152 Willoughby, Lord, Sidney's com- rade in the Netherlands, 332 ; At the Zutphen fight, 341, 3^4 INDEX. 342 ; Sidney's bequest to, 349 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 Wilson, Dr. Thomas, Ambassador in the Netherlands, 115 Wilson, Thomas, the actor, 194 Wilton House, 130, 209, 268 ; Sidney at, 131, 132, 137, 209- 211, 213, 218, 249, 280, 286, 291 Winchester, the stewardship to the Bishop of, held by Sidney, 228 Windsor, Sidney at, 136, 137, 281 Woodstock, Queen Elizabeth at, 96 Worcester, Sir Henry Sidney's death at, 334 Wotton, Sir Edward, Sidney's companion in Vienna, 83 ; his marriage, 99 ; Ambassador in Scotland, 308, 309 ; Sidney's bequest to, 348 ; at Sidney's burial, 357 Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the elder, 188, 273 Wylson, Robert, the actor, 193 Zutphen, 340 ; the fight at, 341- 343 TLhe Stotnp of tbe 1Ration& MESSRS. 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