p ■z F 526 1 .C72 Copy 2 THE S 1 N D DELINEAT GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, STATISTICAL & COMMERCIAL. AND A BRIEF' VIKW OP THE GEOLOGY, EDUCATION, TRAVELLING ROUTES, Slc. Pt'epareil to accoutpauy . . 1814 316 1832 1818 '822 1821 1837 1836 1815 380 420 504 453 640 432 400 18-8' 396 1821 1 450 l^a4| 400 1816 325 1 835 4,130 Franklin. 6,557 Vincennes. I Warsaw. Lima. Lake C. H. Laporte. 9,237 Bedford. 2,442 Andersontown. [Plymouth. 7,181 Indianapolis. 2,01 01 Mount Pleasant. I Peru. f!,57 Bloomington. 7,376! Crawfordsville. 5,579! Martinsville. lAugusta. 7,909| Paoli. 4,0G0 Spencer. 7,534'RockvilIe. 3,378 Rome. 2,464 Petersburgh. iV^alparaiso. 6,8f 3 Mount Vernon. 3,195|GreencaRtIe. 3,912 Winchester. 3,957iVersai]lcs. 9,918 RushviUe. 3,097 Lexington. 6,294 Shelbyville. 3,187tRockport. 287|Soulh Bentl. I Angola. 4,696! Merom. 7,111 Vovay. COUNTIES, POPULATION, &C. Counties Tippecanoe,, Union, Vanderburg-, Vermillion,. , Vigo, Wabash,. .. Warren, . . . , Warrick,. . . Washington, Wayne, Wells, , White, Whitley, Date. Sq.m.jPo. 1830 County seats. 1 826 1821 1818 1823 1818 1832 1828 1813 1813 1810 1837 1836 1838 5n4! 1681 7,167 7.957 225 2,610 2nO 400 415 350 360 540 420 372 530 324 5,706 5,737 2,854 2,973 13,072 23,344 Lafayette. Liberty. Evansville. Newport. Terre Haute. Wabash. Williamspori. Boonville. Salepa. Ceptreville. IVTonlicello. To give some idea of the surprising increase of population and wealth, since the early settlement of the state, the following tables are inserted. In the year 1800, the territory at present occupied by the slate of Indiana, contained a population of 2,641 1810, 24,520 1820, 147,178 1825, 222,000 1830, 341 ,582 1838, it is estimated at, 700,000 Increase from 1800 to 1810, ,. 21,879 1810 1820 122,658 1820 1825, 74,822 i82S 1830, 119,582 1830 1838, eatiraated, ,...,. .358,4ia The followinor statement is taken from the Annual o Report of the Auditor to the General Assembly, December 8, 1837, exhibiting the number of polls, the value of lands and improvements taxed, the to- tal amount of taxables, and the gross amount of B* 10 COUNTIES, POPULATION, &:C. revenue, at the rate of 15 cents on the one hundred dollars, and 50 cents on each poll, in the respective counties, for 1837: — Vo of ^'^''^'* "' ''^"'' Poll • ' '^^^ iinprovi Counties. Allen Adams, Bartholomew, Booiie, Brown, Clark, Clay, Crawford,. . . . Carroll, Cass, Clinton, Dearborn,. . . , Decatur, Daviess, Dubois Delaware,. . . . De Kalb, Elkhart, Fayelte, Floyd,. Franklin Fountain,. . . . Fulton, Gibson , Greene, Grant, Hamilton,. . . , Harrison, Hendricks,... . Henry, Hancock,. . . . Huntington,. . Jackson, Jelicrson, Jennings, Johnson Jay, Knox, j merits taxed. Total amount of I Gross amt. ; Taxables. lof Reven. Kosciusko, Lawrence,,. ....... I 756 117 1,097 895 226 1,72 i 533 560 1.164 853 800 2,333 1,406 864 352 982 184 845 1,446 1,403 1,689 1,713 126 1,131 740 455 1,004 1,471 1,470 1,874 920 213 980 2,058 980 1,194 213 1,343 437 1,480 $ cts. 476,647 7,600 874,294 131,357 8,152 1,735,712 208,907 674,795 32:^,126 638 2.09 2,510,521 1,400,225 369,067 102,715 296,279 383 798 2,295,637 1,(192,404 50 1,87.5,198 1,378,060 66.882 77 714,'il8 222,204 146,695 332.767 9.55,873 912,334 1,585,302 41R187 7,260 406,919 3,037,825 495,337 809,085 1,040 1,022,106 21,981 1,078,214 $ Ct3. 1,143,402 25,491 1,329.455 13 418,829 51,529 . 2,869,175 270,317 27 381,4^4 l,0fi2,.593 827,567 880,489 4,048,509 1,72.5,410 635,237 227,911 534.295 14,439 698,-588 3,132,095 3005.221 2,621,271 2,001,775 100,089 77 1, -='7 1, 886 425,014 208 888 50 6115,023 1,371,187 1,366,031 2,13 ,725 627,041 03 46,653 753,590 3,986,950 810.838 1,208,925 18,936 2,019,111 132,123 1,639,423 COUNTIES, POPULATION, &C. 11 Counties, *Lagrange, Laporte, Lake, Madison, Marion, Martin . Monroe, Montgomery, Morgun, Miami, Marshall, No!)le, Newton, Orange, Owen, Parke, Perry, Pike, Posey, Putnam, Porter, Pulaski, Randolph, ....... Ripley, Rudh, Scott, Shelby, Spencer, Switzerland, St. Joseph, Stark Sullivan, Steuben, Tippecanoe, Union, Vanderburg, Vermillion, Vigo, Warrick, Washington, Wayne, Warren, White, Wabash, Wells, No. of Polls Value of land and improve- ments taxed. Total amount of Taxables. 252 1,491 226 1,123 2,203 392 1,200 2,043 1,237 304 173 246 1,152 834 1,563 583 512 1,159 1,986 321 1,196 1,058 2,074 515 1,629 629 i,y64 995 919 3] 2 2,146 1,014 812 ],179 1,638 675 1,890 2,974 858 276 228 93 $ cts. 6,427 96 1,122,326 77,788 88 381,278 1,976,8511 79,915 586.468 2,225,147 807,213 182,418 93,979 568,896 365,611 1,329,159 295,482 195.434 764,105 1,3911,647 76,910 578,094 581,367 2,593,661 199,115 1,143,750 348,423 1,071,350 704,834 402,740 2,029,771 1,515,536 666,713 584,977 1,053,165 213,207 1,370,503 3,299,113 766,290 81,262 7J,744 4,786 $ cts. 71,571 46 2,047,048 149,595 88 603,850 3,621,156 171,000 1,041,5.52 3,190,975 1,191.570 284,419 155,912 48 60,806 1,020,787 609,289 1,895,545 5' 11,557 385,061 1,454,288 2,034,737 187,676 52 741,943 86 ',748 3,479,020 332,207 1,599,195 :22,949 1,535,855 1,305,315 716,621 63,712 3,613,928 1,929,538 1,661,005 1,130,060 2,368,759 50 4J6,082 58 2,33.%032 4,780,478 1,188724 153,863 50 138,549 50 13,602 .8-?,92l 61,033,425 11 .'98,441,063 12 149,415 13 * Iii(;omi>lete. 12 COUNTIES, POPULATION, &C. In the above statement, Blackford, Jasper, New- ton, Pulaski, Stark and Whitley counties, are not mentioned, being at the time unorganized, and con- nected with other counties. At first view, the estimate of 700,000 inhabitants at the present time, may seem incredible ; but the last official returns of the assessment of taxable property made from the several counties in the state, sufficiently indicate the increase of population to remove all distrust of the correctness of the estimate. These returns show, that the taxable polls of 1830 amounted to 52,196 ; the same for 1835, amounted to 64,289 ; for 1837, to 85,000. It will be perceived from this, that the increase of the last two years amounts to 20,711 polls, whilst the increase of the five preceding years amounts to only 12,093 — showing an astonishing increase of emigration from year to year, which will doubtless continue years to come. SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY STATE OF INDIANA. ADAMS COUNTY.— Organized in 1836; con- tains about 336 square miles ; bounded north by- Allen county, east by the state of Ohio, south by Jay, west by Wells, counties. Population about 300. Soil, desirable for cultivation. The river St. Mary's flows through the north part, and the Wabash through the south part of tlie county. Decatur is the county seat. ALLEN COUNTY.— Organized in 1824; con- tains an area of 650 square miles ; bounded north by De Kalb and Noble counties, east by the state of Ohio, south by Adams and Wells, west by Whit- ley and Huntington counties. The face of the country is generally level and well timbered ; there are, however, some wet prairies, which are highly prized for the heavy growth of grass, which serves the new settlers for hay and winter pasture for their cattle ; — ultimately, these prairies will doubt- less be made very valuable by draining. Streams, the St. Joseph's from the north, and the St. Mary's from the south, unite at Fort Wayne, and form the Mauraee, which takes an easterly direction to Lake 14 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY Erie — Little river in the western part of the county, and numerous creeks. The Wabash and Erie Canal, which will connect Lake Erie at To- ledo with the Ohio river at Evansville — and the Michigan and Illinois Canal, forming a junction with the Wabash and Erie Canal at Fort Wayne, extends to, and connects with, a similar undertaking in the state of Illinois. Fort Wayne is the county seat. It is situated on the south side of Maumee river, high and beautiful, commanding a view of the surrounding country. In the midst of a rich and fertile country, with the advantages of canals and navigable rivers, it cannot fail to become one of the most important commercial towns in the state. Its present population is about l,oOO. BARTHOLOMEW COUNTY.— Organized in 1821 ; contains 396 square miles ; bounded north by Johnson and Shelby, east by Decatur, south by Jennings and Jackson, west by Brown, counties. The principal streams are the East Fork of White river, Flat Rock and Clifty creeks. A rail-road from Indianapolis to Madison passes through the county a distance of 23 miles ; and the rail-road from Jeffersonville to Indianapolis forms a j unction at Columbus, the county seat. There is consider- able broken and hilly land in the county, but it is generally fertile ; and in the neighbourhood of White river and its tributaries especially, it is very excellent. BLACKFORD COUNTY.— Estabhshed Feb., 1838. Population about 150 — containing about 182 square miles ; bounded north by Wells, south by Delaware, east by Jay, west by Grant, counties. The soil is mostly susceptible of cultivation — the IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 15 southern portion, especially, is considered excellent land. The Salamanie river is the principal stream, besides which there are several small creeks. MoNTPELiER is the principal town. BOONE COUNTY.— Organized in 1830; con- tains 408 square miles ; bounded north by Clinton, east by Hamilton, south by Marion and Hendricks, west by Montgomery, counties. Surface, generally level. Soil, excellent ; forest land interspersed with prairie, wet and dry. The branches of the Raccoon and Sugar creeks are the principal streams. Leba- non is the county seat. BROWN COUNTY.— Recently organized; contains 310 square miles ; bounded north by Mor- gan and Johnson, east by Bartholomew, south by Jackson and Lawrence, and west by Monroe, coun- ties. Streams — Salt creek is the principal, and many smaller, its tributaries. Surface, undulating and hilly; soil, productive. Nashville is the county seat. CARROLL COUNTY.— Organized in 1828; contains 380 square miles ; bounded north by White and Cass counties, east by Cass county and the Miami Reserve, south by Clinton, west by Tippe- canoe and White counties. Surface, generally level ; the largest portion timber, but considerable prairie land. Deer Prairie is the laro;^est and most beauti- ful. Near Delphi, the county seat, there is a re- markable spring of water of a reddish colour. Prin- cipal water courses are the Wabash river. Deer, Rock and Wildcat creeks. The county is in- creasing rapidly in population and improvement. The Wahash and Krie Canal passes through it. CASS COUNTY.— Organized in 1829; con- 16 sketches; of each count v tains 415 square miles ; bounded north by Pulaski and Fulton, east by Miami, south by Carroll county and Miami Reserve, west by Carroll and White counties. The face of the country is generally level ; it abounds with springs of excellent water, and the streams are sufficiently rapid to furnish great facilities for mills and machinery of every description. The principal streams are the Wabash and Eel rivers, which unite at Logansport, the county seat — a large and flourishing town. The Wabask and Erie Canal passes through this county. CLARKE COUNTY.— Organized in 1802; con- tains an area of 400 square miles ; bounded north by Jefferson and Scott counties, east and south by the Ohio river, west by Floyd and AVashington counties. Surface, rolHng, but not hilly, except the bluffs bordering the Ohio and its tributaries. Be- sides the Ohio, are numerous small streams, the most important of which are Silver and Fourteen Mile creeks. A rail-road from Jefferson villa to Indianapolis, and one from Jefferson ville to New- Albany, are located through this county. Charles- ton is the county seat. CLAY COUNTY.— Organized in 1825; con- tains 360 square miles; bounded north by Parke, east by Putnam and Owen, south by Greene, west by Sullivan and Vigo counties. Principal streams are Eel river. Birch, Otter, Cross and Jordan creeks. It has a fair proportion of good land for cultivation, the largest portion heavily timbered ; in the south- western part are some beautiful prairies. The Ci'oss Cut Canal passes through the county diago- nally, and forms a junction with the Central Canal IN THE STATE OF INDIAXA. 17 in Greene county. Bowling-Green is the county seat. CLINTON COUNTY.— Organized in 1830; contains 432 square miles ; bounded north by Car- roll county and the Miami Reservation, east by Miami Reservation and Hamilton county, south by Boone, west by Montgomery and Tippecanoe coun- ties. Chief streams, middle fork and south fork of the Wild Cat, Sugar creek, and some smaller ones. Surface, generally level — and, excepting the " Twelve mile prairie," is timbered. Soil, rich and fertile. Frankfort is the county seat. CRAWFORD COUNTY.— Organized in 1S18; contains about 300 square miles ; bounded north by Orange and Washington, east by Harrison county, south by Ohio river and Perry county, v\est by Du- bois county. Surface, hilly and broken. The prin- cipal streams are the Ohio and Blue rivers, which wash the borders of the county on the south and east — Little Blue river, and other smaller streams. The rail- road from New- Albany to Mount Carmel, 111., is located through this county. Fredonia, on the Ohio, is the countv seat. DAVIESS COUNTY.— Organized in 1816; contains 420 square miles ; bounded north by Greene, east by Martin, counties, south by the East Fork of White river, wdiich dividers it from Pike and Dubois counties, west by the west fork of White river, which divides it from Knox county. The principal streams are the east and west branches of White river — Prairie, Smothers, Veal, Aikman's and Sugar creeks. White river affords steamboat navigation about six months in the year. The whole county may be considered good farming Bl 18 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY land. The northern portion is level — the eastern and southern undulating, but not hilly. There are many fine prairies — the principal of which are Steele, Hawkins' and Owl prairies. The 31ac Adamized road from New- Albany to Vincennes, is located through the centre of the county from east to west, and the Central Canal from north to south. "Washington, the county seat, is a flourishing town of about 800 inhabitants, and rapidly increasing. DEARBORN COUNTY.— Organized in 1802; contains about 380 square miles ; bounded north by Franklin county, east by the state of Ohio and Ohio river, south by Switzerland, and west by Ripley, counties. The principal streams, besides the Ohio, are the Great Miami and White Water rivers — Laughery, Tanner's and Hogan's creeks. Surface, rather hilly and broken, with rich bottom lands on the rivers. White Water Canal, and the Law- renceburgh and Indianapolis Rail-Road terminate at Lawrenceburgh, the county seat. DECATUR COUNTY.— Organized in 1821 ; contains 340 square miles; bounded north by Rush, east by Franklin, south by Ripley and Jennings, west by Bartholomew and Shelby counties. Sur- face, gently undulating and well timbered. Soil, adapted to grain ; very little waste land in the coun- ty. Flat Rock, Clifty and Sand creeks, are good mill streams. The Lawrenceburgh and Indian- apolis Rail-Road is located through the county. Greensburgh is the county seat. DE KALB COUNTY.— Recently organized; contains 365 square miles ; bounded north by Steu- ben county, east by state of Ohio, south by Allen, west by Noble, counties. Principal streams, the IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 19 St. Joseph's of the Manmee, Cedar, Little Cedar, Fish, Buck and Bear creeks. Auburn is the coun- ty seat. DELAWARE COUNT Y.— Organized in 1S27 ; contains 384 square miles ; bounded north by Grant and Blackford, east by Jay and Randolph, south by Henry, west by Madison, counties. Surface, gene- rally level ; soil, productive. Principal streams, west fork of White, and the Mississinewa rivers; besides which are several considerable streams, as Bell creek. Buck creek, &c. From Muncietown, the county seat, there is a canal located west. DUBOIS COUNTY.— Organized in 1817; con- tains 432 square miles ; bounded north by Daviess and Martin, east by Orange and Crawford, south by Perry, Sjjencer and Wariick, west by Pike, counties. Principal streams, the east fork of White river, on the northern boundary ; Patoka and Huntley's creeks. Strait river, &c. Surface, rolling — some parts hilly ; soil, good. The New- Albany and Mount Carmel Rail-Road is located through this county. Jasper is the county seat. ELKHART COUNTY.— Organized in 1830; contains 460 square miles ; bounded north by the state of Michigan, east by Lagrange and Noble counties, south by Kosciusko, and west by Marshall and St. Joseph counties. Rivers, the St. Joseph and Elkhart are the principal ; tributary to these are Little Elkhart river. Pine, Turkey, Yellow, Chris- tian and Baubawgo creeks. The Northern Canal, and the Buffalo and Mississippi Rail-Road, pass through this county. ** In no county in the state are the proportions of prairie, oak openings and timbered lands, more convenient than in Elkhart. 20 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY No county is better watered with springs and un- failing streams. In its scenery, there is nothing grand or sublime ; but in the spring and summer, when clad in the freshness and splendour of ver- dure and flowers, nothing can surpass it in beauty. Through the oak openings, far as the eye can ex- tend, and over the broad surface of the prairies, is si^read out a carpet of green, decorated with flowers of every hue ; the smooth surface of its streams, and of its small, clear lakes, here and there inter- spersed, and the bold line of forest trees, which form the back ground of the prairie view ; — these are fea- tures, which, when combined, give to the face of nature an aspect of tranquil repose." Goshen is the county seat, pleasantly situated on the Elkhart river, near the centre of the county, and on the bor- der of the Elkhart prairie. FAYETTE COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; contains 200 square miles ; bounded north by Henry and Wayne, east by Union, south by Franklin, west by Rush, counties. Surface, agreeably rolling ; soil, rich. Principal streams, the west branch of the White Water, and the creeks flowing into it. The White Water Canal passes through the county. CoNNERSViLLE is the county seat. FLOYD COUNTY.— Organized in 1S19; con- tains an area of 144 square miles ; bounded north by Washington and Clarke, east by Clarke county and the Ohio river, south and west by Harrison county. The Ohio flows along its southern boun- dary, and Silver creek divides it from Clarke coun- ty on the east — Big and Little Indian creeks, ^c. Surface, various ; soil, rather inferior. New- Al- bany, on the Ohio river, about 2 miles below the IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 21 falls, is the county seat. It is a very enterprising and important town, estimated to contain about 6,000 inhabitants. Here are several large iron and brass foundries, factories and mills of various kinds ; steamboat building is carried on to consider- able extent ; there are many schools and seminaries of learningr of a hig-h order. A rail-road is chartered from Mount Carmel, 111., to this place ; also, a Mac Adamized road from this place to Vincennes, and another to Crawfordsville, and a rail-road to Jeffer- sonville. FOUNTAIN COUNTY.— Organized in 1S25 ; contains 390 square miles ; bounded north by War- ren, east by Tippecanoe and Montgomery, south by Parke, west by Vermillion and Warren counties. Principal streams, the Wabash on the western and northern boundaries ; Coal creek and Shawnee creek, and their tributaries, in the interior, which afford abundant facilities for mills, &c. Surface, un- dulating — largest j^ortion is woodland, but there are many beautiful prairies; soil, very excellent. The WabasJi and E?ie Canal passes through the county. Covington is the county seat. FRANKLIN COUNTY.— Organized in ISIO; contains an atea of 400 square miles ; bounded north by Fayette and Union counties, east by the state of Ohio, south by Dearborn and Ripley, west by De- catur and Rush counties. The eastern part of the county is rolling, the western level — the eastern and northern section is considered most fertile. Princi- pal water courses, the east and west branches of the White Water, which unite at Brookville, near the centre of the county, affording immense water power; besides which are Salt creek, Pipe creek, Bl* 22 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY Big Cedar Grove creek, &c. Brookville is the county seat. The White Water Canal passes through the county, FULTON COUNTY.— Recently organized; contains 350 square miles ; bounded north by Mar- shall, east by Kosciusko and Miami, south by Cass, west by Pulaski, counties. Surface, generally level. Principal streams, Tippecanoe river, Mill creek and Mud creek. Rochester is the county seat. GIBSON COUNTY.— Organized in 1813; con- tains 450 square miles ; bounded north by Knox and Pike, east by Pike and Warrick, south by War- rick, Vanderburg and Posey, west by the Wabash river. Surface, rolling and timbered. Principal streams, the Wabash on the west. White on the north ; Patoka passing through the centre, and Big Pigeon creek in the southern part of the county. Prince- ton is the county seat. The rail-road from Evans- ville to Terre Haute, and one also from New- Albany to Mount Carmel, 111., are located through this county. GRANT COUNTY.— Organized in 1831; con- tains an area of 415 square miles; bounded north by Wabash and Huntington, east by Wells and Blackford, south by Delav/are and Madison counties and the Miami Reservation, west by the Miami Reservation. Surface, generally level and mostly timbered. The water courses are the Mississinewa and its tributaries. The Cential CrmaZ is located through the county. Marion is the county seat. GREENE COUNTY.— Organized in 1821; contains an area of 540 square miles; bounded north by Clay and Owen, east by Monroe and Lawrence, south by Martin, Daviess and Knox, and west by IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 23 Sullivan, counties. Principal streams, White river, Eel river, and Richland creek. The west fork of White river passes through the county near the centre, north and south, and is navigable the v\^hole extent; east of this river the surface is rather hilly, west it is level, on the river particularly the soil is very rich. Bloomfield is the county town. The Central C«72«Z is located through the county; and the Cross Cut Canal from Point Commerce con- nects the Central Canal with the Wahasli and Erie Canal at Terre Haute. HAMILTON COUNTY.— Organized in 1S23; contains an area of about 400 square miles ; bound- ed north by the Miami Reservation, east by Madi- son, south by Hancock and Marion, west by Boone and Clinton counties. Principal streams, the west fork of Wiiite river, and its tributaries ; Cicero, Coal, Stoney, Fall creeks, &c. There are some prairies ; along the river the land is well timbered. The Central Canal is located through the county. NoBLESViLLE is the county seat. HANCOCK COUNTY.— Organized in 1828; contains an area of 310 square miles ; bounded north by Hamilton and Madison, east by Henry and Rush, south by Shelby, west by Marion, counties. Princi- pal streams, Blue river, Sugar creek and Brandy- wine, affording excellent mill sites. Surface, gene- rally level, or gently rolling ; soil, good and heavy timbered. Greenfield is the county seat. HARRISON COUNTY.— Organized in 1808; contains 470 square miles; bounded north by Wash- ington, east by Floyd county and the Ohio river, south by the Ohio, and west by the Ohio and Craw- ford county. Principal streams, Ohio river. Blue 24 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY river, Big and Little Indian creeks, and Buck creek. Some portions of the country are hilly, others undu- lating, and some level. Soil, on the streams rich, on the high grounds not so good. Corydon is the county seat. The rail-road from New-Albany to Mount Carmel, 111., is located through this county. HENDRICKS COUNTY.— Organized inlS23; contains 380 square miles ; bounded north by Boone, east by Marion, south by Morgan, west by Putnam and Montgomery counties. Surface, rolling and well timbered; soil, productive. The principal water courses are \Yhite Lick, some of the upper branches of Eel river, and Mud creek, which furnish good mill privileges. A Mac Adamized road from Indian- apolis to Crawfordsville, is located through this county. Danville is the county seat. HENRY COUNTY.— Organized in 1821; con- tains 385 square miles ; bounded north by Delaware, east by Randolph and Wayne, south by Fayette and Rush, west by Hancock and Madison counties. Sur- face, generally level — some parts a little broken — mostly woodland, but some prairies. The county is well supplied with springs of pure water, and the streams are sufficiently rapid to furnish many mill sites. Flat Rock, Blue river and Fall creek, are the principal streams. Neav-Castle is the county seat. HUNTINGTON COUNTY.— Organized in 1832 ; contains 384 square miles ; bounded north by Whitley, east by Allen and Wells, south by Wells and Grant, west by Wabash, counties. Soil, very good — some prairies, but generally forest land. Sur- face, on the rivers level, back it is undulating. Principal rivers, Salamania, Little river, and the Wabash. The Wabash and the Erie Canal passes IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 25 through the county. Huntington is the county seat. JACKSON COUNTY.— Organized in 1815; contains 500 square miles ; bounded north by Brown and Bartholomew, east by Jennings, south by Scott and Washington, west by Lawrence and Monroe counties. Principal streams, Muscatatack, Drift- wood, or east fork of White river, White creek, Salt creek, &c. Surface, rolling; soil, good. Brownstown is the county seat. The Ohio and Indianapolis Rail-Road is located through the county. JASPER COUNTS.— Recently established; contains 700 square miles ; bounded north by New- ton, east by White, south by WaiTen, counties, and west by the state of Illinois. It is principally prairie, interspersed with groves of timber. The principal stream is the Iroquois river, in the northern part of the county, which is navigable in high water — in the southern part of the county are Pine creek, Sugar creek, &c. JAY COUNTY.— Organized in 1836; contains about 370 square miles ; bounded north by Adams and Wells counties, east by the state of Ohio, south by Randolph, west by Blackford and Delaware counties. Population, about 300. Soil, generally good. Portland is the county seat. JEFFERSON COUNTY.— Organized in 1809; contains 360 square miles ; bounded north by Jen- nings and Ripley, east by Switzerland, counties, south by the Ohio river and Scott county, west by Scott and Jennings counties ; watered by the Ohio river, Muscatatack, Indian Kentucky creek, Big creek, Lewis creek, &;c. It presents a great variety 2G SKETCHRS OF EACH COUNTY of surface. Soil, generally very productive. Madi- son, a large, iiourisbing and important town, is the county seat. A rail road is located from Madison to Indianapolis, and the great Michigan road through the state commences here. JENNINGS COUNTY.— Organized in 1816; contains 380 square miles ; bounded north by Bar- tholomew and Decatur, east by Ripley, south by Jefferson and Scott, west by Jackson and Bartholo- mew counties. Surface, in some parts hilly. Soil, rich and productive. The most important streams are Graham's fork and north fork of the Musca- tatack river, and Sand creek, which afford numerous mill sites, many of which are already improved. The Madison and Indianapolis Rail-Road is located through the county. Vernon is the county seat. JOHNSON COUNTY.— Organized in 1822; contains 320 square miles ; bounded north by Ma- rion, east by Shelby, south by Bartholomew and Brown, west by Morgan, counties. Streams, Sugar creek. Young's creek, Indian creek, Stott's creek, &c. This county is fast improving; its surface is undulating ; soil, remarkably fertile. The Madison and Indianapolis Rail-Road is located through it. Franklin is the county seat. KNOX COUNTY.— Organized in 1802; con- tains 540 square miles ; bounded north by Sullivan and Greene, east by Daviess, south by Pike and Gib- son, west by the Wabash river. In this county are found some tracts of prairie, which are very fine and valuable — but the largest portion is forest land. The soil almost universally is rich and productive. The Wabash on the western, the White on the southern, and the west fork of the White river on ^ IN THE STATE OF INDIAxXA. 27 its eastern border, are the principal streams — inte- rior, Deshee river, Marie creek, &c. Vincennes is the county seat. There is a Mac Adamized road chartered from Vincennes to New- Albany — and the rail-road from Evansville to Terra Haute, is located through the county. KOSCIUSCO COUNT Y.— Organized recently ; contains 567 square miles ; bounded north by Elk- hart, east by Noble and -Whitley, south by Wabash, Miami and Fulton, west by Fulton and Marshall counties. Surface, undulating; soil, fertile. There are dry prairies nearly in the centre of the county, containing about 8 square miles, and some in the northern part of the county — considerable wet prairie, and many beautiful lakes. Tippecanoe river is the principal stream — there are many small streams, some of which furnish mill privileges. Warsaw is the county seat. LAGRANGE COUNTY.— Organized in 1S32 ; contains 380 square miles ; bounded north by the state of Michigan, east by Steuben, south by Noble, west by Elkhart, counties; northern part mostly prairie, southern chiefly forest. Surface, moderately rolling; soil, good. Population, fast increasing. Fawn, Pigeon and Little Elkhart rivers, are the principal streams — besides there are numerous creeks and lakes. Lima is the county seat. The Buffalo and Mississippi Rail-Road is located through the county. LAKE COUNTY.— Recently organized; con- tains 468 square miles ; bounded north by Lake Michigan, east by Porter, south by Newton, west by the state of Illinois. Surface, on the lake are bluffs and sand hills — along the Calumic and Kankakee rivers it is marshy — remainder, prairie and wood- 28 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY land, and generally level. Principal streams, the two branches of the Calumic river and Deep river in the northern part — and from the interior are West, Cedar and Eagle creeks, flowing into the Kanka- kee, which runs along its entire southern border. The Mississippi and Buffalo Rail-Road is located through the county, and a proposed canal from the Northern Canal at Valparaiso, in Porter county, to unite with the Illinois Canal. Lake C. H. is the county seat. LAPORTE COUNTY.— Organized in 1832; contains 460 square miles ; bounded north by the state of Michigan, east by St. Joseph, south by Stark, west by Porter county and Lake Michigan. Surface, gently undulating, and abounds with rich prairies, interspersed with groves of timber and lakes of clear water; soil, productive. Principal streams, the Kankakee and Little Kankakee rivers, G allien river and Trail creek. L aporte and Michi- gan City are the chief towns, the former of which is the county seat. The Buffalo and Mississippi Rail-Road and Northern Canal are located through the county. LAWRENCE COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; contains 438 square miles ; bounded north by Mon- roe, east by Jackson and Washington, south by Orange, west by Martin and Greene counties. Principal streams, the east fork of White river, Salt, Guthrie's, Beaver, Leatherwood creeks, &c., (good mill streams.) Surface is generally hilly. Bedford is the county seat. The New-Albany and Crawfordsville Mac Adamized road is located through the county. MADISON COUNTY.— Organized in 1823; contains about 390 square miles ; bounded north by '# IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 29 Miami Reserve and Grant county, east by Dela- ware and Henry, south by Hancock, west by Ha.- rnilton, counties. Principal streams, west fork of White river, (a navigable stream,) and its tributa- ries ; Pipe, Killbuck, Fall and Lick creeks, are fine mill streams. Surface, generally level and timber- ed — some wet prairie. Andersontown is the county seat. Central Canal passes through the county. MARSHALL COUNT Y.-Recently organized ; contains 440 square miles ; bounded north by St. Joseph, east by Elkhart and Kosciusko, south by Fulton, west by Stark and St. Joseph counties. Principal streams. Yellow river, running nearly through the centre, and the Tippecanoe, in the southern section of the county — besides these, are numerous smaller streams, as Pine creek, Eagle creek. Wolf creek, &c. There are several lakes, the largest of which is Maxinenkkee, near the southwestern corner of the county. Plymouth is the county seat, situated on Yellov\^ river, near the centre of the county. MARION COUNTY.— Organized in 1821; contains 400 square miles ; bounded north by Hamil- ton, east by Hancock and Shelby, south by John- son and Morgan, west by Hendricks. Principal streams, west fork of White river. Fall creek, Eagle creek, and several smaller creeks. Surface, level and heavily timbered ; soil, of the choicest quality. Indianapolis, the seat of government, is situated on White river, in the centre of the county. Nearly all the rail-roads and Mac Adamized roads of the state centre in or pass through this place, as also does the Central Canal. b2 30 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY MARTIN COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; contains 300 square miles ; bounded north by Greene, east by Lawrence and Orange, south by Dubois, west by Daviess, counties. The east fork of White river, in its windings through the county, waters a large portion of it — Lick, Beaver, Indian, Bognes and Firbt creeks, afford abundant water power. East of White river, the surface is broken and hilly — on the west, level, or gently undulating, with portions of barrens and prairies. Mount Pleasant is the county seat. The Mac Adamized road from New- Albany to Vincennes is located through the county. MIAMI COUNTY.— Organized in 1832 ; con- tains 380 square miles ; bounded north by Fulton and Koscuisko, east by Wabash, south by Miami Reservation, Avest by Miami Reservation and Cass and Fulton counties. Principal streams — the Wa- bash and Eel rivers flow through the county from east to west ; the Mississinewa empties into the Wabash from the south, about the centre of the county — they are all navigable for light boats — there are besides several small creeks. The face of the country is beautiful, chiefly forest — but inter- spersed with small prairies. Soil very excellent. The Wabash and Erie Canal passes through the county near the centre. Peru is the county seat. MONROE COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; contains 420 square miles ; bounded north by Mor- gan, east by Brown and Jackson, south by Law- rence, and west by Greene and Owen counties. Salt, Clear and Bean Blossom creeks, are the princi- pal streams — salt of a superior quality is made on Salt creek. Surface, undulating and hilly ; soil, not first IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 31 rate. Bloomington is the county seat. Indiana College is located on the College lands, adjacent to Bloomington. The New- Albany and Crawfords- ville MacAdamised road, passes through this place. MONTGOMERY COUNTY.— Organized in 1822 ; contains 504 square miles ; bounded north by Tippecanoe, east by Clinton, Boone and Hen- dricks, south by Putnam and Parke, and west by Parke and Fountain counties. Principal streams, Sugar creek, Big and Little Raccoon creeks — and besides, there are numerous small streams. The northern part a great portion of the land is prairie; the middle and southern portions, timbered — the whole is gently undulating and the soil rich. Crawfoudsville is the county seat, a Mac Adamized road, from Indianapolis to Lafayette passes through this town, and another from New- Albany terminates here. MORGAN COUNTY.— Organized in 1S21 ; contains 453 square miles ; bounded north by Hen- dricks and Marion, east by Johnson, south by Brown and Monroe, west by Owen and Putnam counties. Principal streams, west fork of White river, which is navigable. White Lick, IMill, Big Indian, Stotts creeks, and others. Surface, generally rolling, sometimes hilly, but the soil is very produc- tive. Martinsville is the county seat. Central Canal passes through the county diagonally from southwest to northeast. NEWTON COUNTY.— Recently formed; con- tains 640 square miles ; bounded north by Lake and Porter, east by Stark and Pulaski, south by White and Jasper counties, and west by the state of Il- linois. A large proportion is rich prairie, gently un- 32 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY (lulating. The principal stream is the Iroquois or Pickamink river in the south part of the county. In section 30, town 29, range 6 west, there are falls in this river of 10 or 12 feet. NOBLE COUNTY.— Recently organized; con- tains 432 square miles; bounded north by Lagrange, east by De Kalb, south by Allen and Whitley, west by Kosciusko and Elkhart counties. Principal streams, Elkhart and Tippecanoe rivers ; there are also many lakes. The Northern Canal is located through the county. Augusta is the county seat. ORANGE COUNTY.— Organized in 1815; contains 400 square miles; bounded north by Law- rence, east by Washington, south by Crawford, west by Dubois and Martin counties. Lost river, Lick and Patoka creeks, are the chief streams, af- fording in many places good mill privileges. Sur- face, hilly and broken. Paoli is the county seat. The Mac Adamized road from New- Albany to Vin- cennes, is located through the county. OWEN COUNTY.— Organized'in 1818; con- tains an area of 396 square miles ; bounded north by Putnam and Morgan, east by Morgan and Mon- roe, south by Greene, west by Clay, counties. Sur- face, gently undulating; soil, good and well tim- bered. The west fork of White river flows throuoh o the county, receiving the water of numerous creeks, which run into it — Mill creek, and one of the upper forks of Eel river, afford great water power in a region of iron ore. Spencer is the county seat. Central Canal crosses the southeast corner of the county. PARKE COUNTY.— Organized in 1821 ; con- tains 450 square miles ; bounded north by Fountain IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 33 and Montgomery, east by Montgomery and Put- nam, south by Glay and Vigo, west by Vermillion, counties. Surface, level, extensive prairies, but the greatest portion is timbered land; soil, rich. Big Raccoon, Little Raccoon, Leatherwood and Sugar creeks, are the principal water courses, all of which flow into the Wabash, which runs the whole extent of its western boundary. Rockville is the county seat. The Wabash and Erie Canal is located through this county. PERRY COUNTY.— Organized in 1814; con- tains 400 square miles; bounded north by Dubois and Crawford, east by Crawford and the Ohio river, south by the Ohio, west by Spencer and Dubois counties. Watered by the Ohio river, Anderson's creek, Deer, Bear, Oil, Poison creeks, in the inte- rior. On the borders of these streams is much excel- lent land — the high lands are broken and hilly, and the soil inferior. Rome is the county seat. PIKE COUNTY.— Organized in 1816; con- tains an area of 325 square miles; bounded north by Knox and Daviess, east by Dubois, south by Warrick, west by Gibson, counties. Surface, gently rolling and timbered; soil, rich and productive. White river runs along the whole length of the northern boundary, and is navigable — Patoka creek, through the centre, is navigable in high waters- South Patoka, Flat creeks, &c. Petersburgh is the county seat. The rail-road fjom New-Albany to Mount Carmel, 111., is located through this county. PORTER COUNTY.— Lately organized; con- tains 415 square miles; bounded north by Lake Michigan, east by Laporte and Stark, south by b3* 34 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY Newton, west by Lake, counties. vSurface, high and barren lands on the lake — remainder, generally- level — marshy on the Kankakee, which runs on its southern border. There are some small creeks in the interior, and in the northern part are the Calumic river. Coffee and Salt creeks. The Buffalo and Mississippi Rail-Road, the Northern Canal, and a branch canal to Illinois, are located through the county, Valparaiso is the county seat. POSEY COUNTY.— Organized in 1S14; con- tains about 450 square miles ; bounded north by Gibson, east by G-ibson and Vanderburg, south by the Ohio river, west by the Wabash river. Big creek and Flat creek are the principal interior streams. Surface, undulating and all forest land ; soil, productive. Mount Vernon is the county seat. There is a proposed canal to run from this place to New-Harmony. PULASKI COUNTY.— Recently formed. It contains 342 square miles ; bounded north by Stark, east by Fulton, south by White, west by Newton, counties. Besides Tippecanoe river, which runs through the county from north to south, and is navigable for flat boats, are several small creeks. Pulaski is the only town in the coun- ty. The rail-road from Lafayette to Michigan City, is located throue^h this county. PUTNAM COUNTY.— Organized in 1821; bounded noith by Montgomery, east by Hendricks and Morgan, south by Owen and Clay, and west by Clay and Parke counties — containing an area of 486 square miles. The Walnut fork of Eel river, BijT Raccoon creek and Deer creek, afford excel- IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 35 lent mill sites, and there are many other smaller f? creams of pure water. Greencastle is the princi- pal town and county seat, containing a population of about 1,000, and fast increasing. The Mac Ada- mized road from New-Albany to Crawfordsville, is located thiough the county. RANDOLPH COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; contains 440 square miles; bounded north by Jay county, east by the state of Ohio, south by Wayne, west by Henry and Delaware counties. The princi- pal water courses are the west fork of White river, and the Mississinewa river, and their tributaries, which furnish good mill privileges. Soil, rich ; sur- face, undulating. W^incpiester is the county seat. RIPLEY COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; con- tains an area of 400 square miles ; bounded north by Decatur and Franklin, east by Dearborn, south by Switzerland and Jefferson, west by Jennings and Decatur counties. Surface, generally level forest land ; soil, good for grain. Laugh ery creek and Graham's creek, are the principal streams. Ver- sailles is the county seat. The Lawrenceburgh and Indianapolis Rail-Road is'located through the northern part of the county. RUSH COUNTY.— Organized in 1821 ; con- tains 410 square miles ; bounded north by Hancock and Henry, east by Fayette and Franldin, south by Decatur, west by Shelby and Hancock counties. Surface, moderately rolling and heavily timbered ; soil, productive. Big and Little Blue river, and Big and Little Flat Rock, are the principal streams, affording sufficient facilities for mills, &c. Rush- viLLE is the county seat. SCOTT COUNTY.— Organized in 1817; con- 36 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY tains about 200 square miles; bounded north by r Jackson and Jennings, east by Jefferson, south by ^ Clarke, west by Washington, counties. Surface, ge- nerally a little undulating. The chief water courses •, are the Muscatatack on the north border, Stucker's fork, Kiinberlin's creek, Pigeon Roost, and Ox's fork. Lexington is the county seat. The Ohio and Indianapolis Rail-Road is located through it. SHELBY COUNTY.— Organized in 1821; contains 410 square miles ; bounded north by Han- cock, east by Rush and Decatur, south by Decatur and Bartholomew, west by Johnson and Marion counties. Surface, level and timbered; soil, very fertile. The principal streams are Sugar creek, east branch of White river. Big and Little Blue river, and Flat Rock creek, Shklbyville is the county seat. The Lawrenceburgh and Indianapolis Rail- Road will pass through this place. SPENCER COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; contains 400 square miles ; bounded on the north by Dubois, east by Perry county and the Ohio, south by the Ohio, west by Warrick county. Streams, Anderson's creek on the east, and Little Pigeon in the west, and Crooked, Big and Little Sandy creeks, which flow into the Ohio. Surface, tolerably level ; soil, productive. Rockport is the county seat. ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, bordering on the state of Michigan. — Organized in 1830 ; bounded on the north by the state of Michigan, east by Elkhart, south by Marshall and Stark, and west by Laporte counties, and includes an area of about 468 square miles. It is watered by the St. Joseph's river, a very beautiful stream of pure water with a rapid cur^ IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 37 rent — it never overflows its banks, and is navigable for steamboats to South Bend at all seasons of the year, and frequently higher up. The Kankakee is a fine stream in the western part of the county, which, with several small creeks which empty into the St. Joseph's, afford abundant facilities for mills and other machinery. The southeastern section of the county is mostly forest land— the northwestern section, chiefly prairie and barrens. Some of the most beautiful and fertile prairies in the western country are found in this county, among which are Portage, Terre Coupee, Sumption, Harris, Pal- mer's,°&c. There are also extensive marshes, which are of a deep vegetable formation, and capable of being drained and made the best of meadow land. South Bend is the county seat, delightfully situated on a high bluff on the south side of St. Joseph's river, with a population of about 1,500 — a flourish- ing and rapidly growing village ; the water power • here is very great. Mishawaka is a thriving village on the St. Joseph's, 4 miles above South Bend. Here is an extensive iron manufactory ; pure bog ore, of the best quality, and inexhaustible, is found at this place. The Northern Canal passes through this county ; so also does the Buffalo and Missis- sippi Rail-Road, and the Michigan road from Madi- son on the Ohio river to Michigan City, ^c. &c. It is believed few counties are possessed of as many advantages, — few have made such signal and rapid improvements in agriculture, manufactures and commerce, and few hold out so many inducements to men of enterprise and business as this. STARK COUNTY.— Recently formed, and miorganized ; contains 432 square miles ; bounded 3S SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY north by Laporte and St. Joseph, east by Marshall, south by Pulaski, west by Newton and Porte'f. Principal streams, the Kankakee and Yellow rivers. There are extensive marshes on the Kankakee. STEUBEN COUNTY.— Recently organized; contains 225 square miles ; bounded north by the state of Michigan, east by Michigan and Ohio, south by De Kalb, west by Lagrange, counties. Principal streams, Pigeon river, Crooked and Fish creeks ; there are many lakes. The Buffalo and Mississippi Rail-Road is located through the county. Angola is the county seat. SULLIVAN COUNTY.— Organized in 1S16; contains 430 square miles ; bounded north by Vigo, east by Clay and Greene, south by Knox, west by the Wabash river. The principal water courses are the Wabash on the west, and Furman's creek. Tur- tle creek, and Busserou in the interior. Surface, generally level — there are some rich prairies, but chiefly the land is timbered. Merom is the county town. SWITZERLAND COUNTY.— Organized in 1814 ; contains 216 square miles ; bounded north by Ripley and Dearborn counties, east by the Ohio river, south by the Ohio, west by Jefferson county. Some of the streams that flow into the Ohio are Log Lick, Indian, Plum, Brian's and Grant's creeks. Surface, various — bottom lands, level and rich, then a range of bluffs — table land, rolling. Much atten- tion is paid to the culture of orchards, gardens and vines, particularly on the Ohio river, and the county is rapidly increasing in wealth and population. Vevay is the county seat, TIPPECANOE COUNTY. — Or^ranized in IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 39 1S26 ; contains 504 square miles ; bounded north by White and Carroll, east by Carroll and Clinton, south by Montgomery, west by Warren and Jasper. Surface, gently undulating, with extensive level tracts — the prairies may be estimated at one half, the barrens one eighth, and the remainder heavy forest land, — the prairies and timber lands are very rich and fertile. The water courses are the Wa- bash, the Tippecanoe river, (which enters the Wa- bash in the northeast corner of the county,) the Wild Cat, the Wea, Burnet's creek, &c.; these streams furnish numerous excellent mill sites, and the Wa- bash is navigable. Lafayette, a large and flourish- ing town, possessing great advantages, is the county seat. There is a rail-road chartered from this town to Michigan City, and a Mac Adamized road to CrawfordsviHe and New-Albany, and another to Indianapolis. The Wabash and Erie Canal also passes through it. UNION COUNTY.— Organized in 1S21; con- tains 168 square miles; boimded north by Wayne county, east by the state of Ohio, south by Franklin, west by Fayette, counties. Surface, undulating; soil, good. The principal streams are the east fork of White Water river, Hanna, Richland and Silver creeks, all which afford valuable mill privileges. Liberty is the county seat. VANDERBURG COUNTY.— Organized in 1818 ; contains 225 square miles ; bounded north by Gibson, east by Warrick, counties, south by the Ohio river, and west by Posey county. That portion which borders on the Ohio river is very fertile — but the largest portion of the county is high and rather hilly, with good timber and water, but of inferior soil, 40 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY when compared to many other counties. In a com- mercial point of view, it possesses great advantages. Running into the Ohio from the interior, are Big Pigeon, Blue Grass, Little and Locust creeks. EvANSViLLE is the county seat. This place is new, but flourishing — increasing in population beyond al- most any other in the state. It has been expected that the Wabash, Erie and Central Canal would ter- minate here ; but the Board of Internal Improve- ments, at its late session, fin alii/ located its termina- tion at Lamasco City, on Pigeon creek, about half a mile below Evansville. Doubtless these two places will be united, and become the most import- ant city in the state. There is a rail-road located from Evansville to Terre Haute. VERIVIILLION COUNTY. Organized in 1823 ; contains 280 square miles ; bounded north by Warren, east by Fountain and Parke, south by Vigo, counties, and west by the state of Illinois. Surface, high and gently rolling — some bluffs along the principal w^ater courses — a good proportion of prairie and timber ; the soil is rich and productive. Streams, the Wabash river flows along the whole length of its eastern border, Vermillion and Little Vermillion livers — Spring, Brouillet's creeks, and others, run into the Wabash, Newport is the county seat. VIGO COUNTY.— Organized in 1818; con- tains 400 square miles ; bounded north by Vermil- lion and Parke, east by Clay, south by Sullivan, counties, and west by the state of Illinois. Surface, level or gently undulating, with forest and prairies interspersed ; soil, uniformly excellent. The Wa- bash passes nearly through the county from north IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 41 to south, and is navigable : Spring Coal, Otter, Lost, Sugar, Clear, and Honey creeks are the principal. Terre Haute, the county seat, is a large and flour- ishing town, most delightfully situated on the Wa- bash river and National road. The Wabash and Erie Canal terminates here, and the Cross Cut Canal from this place connects with the Central Canal at Point Commerce, on White river. There is also located a rail-road to Evansville. WABASH COUNTY.— Organized in 1832; contains 415 square miles; bounded north by Kos- ciusko and Whitley, east by Huntington, south by Grant and Miami, and west by Miami counties. It presents a variety of soil and surface. Eel river passes througli the northern part, and the Wabash below the centre of the county, besides numerous creeks flow into both these rivers, which make it a v\^ell watered county. Wabash is the principal town, and is the county seat — a healthy place ; im- proving rapidly, and is a desirable point for busi- ness. The Wabash and Erie Canal and the Cen- tral Canal unite at this place. WARREN COUNTY.— In the northwestern part of the state, was organized in 182S ; bounded on the north by Jasper county, west by the state of Illinois, south by Vermillion, east by Fountain and Tippecanoe counties ; and contains about 350 square miles. The face of the country is generally level, and about one third of the whole county is prairie, embracing, on the west, a portion of the Grand Prairie. The soil is rich, and well watered. The Wabash runs along the eastern and south- eastern border of the county for 30 miles, and is navigable for steam-boats. The interior streams c 42 SKETCHES OF EACH COUNTY are Big and Little Pine creeks, Rock creek, and Redwood, all of which are good mill streams. AVil- LiAMSPORT is the county seat. A rail-road is in contemplation, from Lafayette to Alton, 111., which if completed will pass through this comity. WARRICK COUNTY.— Organized in 1813 ; contains an area of 360 square miles ; bounded north by Gibson, Pike and Dubois, east by Spencer, south by Spencer county and the Ohio river, west by Vandeiburg and Gibson counties. Surface, rolling, hilly near the river. Soil, produces well. The Ohio washes its southern border, and Little Pigeon its eastern — into these flow several creeks from the interior, Boonville is the county s-eat. WASHINGTON COUNTY.— Organized in 1813; c(mtains an area of 540 square miles; bounded north by Jackson, east by Scott and Clarke, south by Harrison and Crawford, west by Orange and Law- rence counties. Surface, greatly diversified. Al- though good farming land in general, the soil is not as rich and easy of cultivation as many other coun- ties. Stream^; — Muscatatack, on the north border, Blue river, Rush, Twin, Delaney, Elk creeks, &c., which aiford mill privileges. Sat.em is the county seat. The Mac Adamized road from New-Albany to Crawfordsville is located through the county. WAYNE COUNTY.— Organized in 1810 ; con- tains 420 square miles ; bounded north by Ran- dolph county, east by the state of Ohio, south by Union and Fayette, west by Fayette and Henry counties. Surface, moderately hilly and heavily timbered. Soil, the very best quality. Streams — East and West branches of the White Water river, and numerous tributaries, which furnish abundant IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 43 water power. Centreville is the county seat. JVkUe Water Canal runs across the southwest corner of the county. WELLS COUNTY.— Organized in 1837 ; con- tains 372 square miles ; bounded north by Allen, east by Adams, south by Blackford and Jay, west by Huntington and Grant counties. Population about 200. The Wabash runs through nearly the centre of the county, and furnishes many fine mill privileges. WHITE COUNTY.— Organized recently, with a population of about ISOO, as is supposed, and ra- pidly increasing ; bounded north by Newton and Pulaski, east by Cass and Carroll, south by Tippe- canoe, west by Jasper counties, and contains about 530 square miles. Near one half of the county is prairie — and mostly owned by govern- ment. Soil, well adapted to grass and grain. The Tippecanoe river is navigable for flat boats, and is a good mill stream. Besides this river, the county is watered by Big and Little Metamonong creeks, and Big, Spring, and Mootses' creeks. Monti- cello, a very flourishing village, is the county seat. The rail-road from Lafayette to Michigan city is located through this county. WHITLEY COUNTY.— Formed in 1838; is bounded north by Noble, east by Allen, south by Huntington and Wabash, and west by Wabash and Kosciusko counties. It contains 324 square miles, and about 100 inhabitants. Soil, good. Eel river runs through the county, and affords fine mill sites. 44 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. The following statement, from the official report of the Board of Internal Improvements, abridged by R. D. Owen, Esq., will give the reader some idea of the magnitude of the works undertaken by the state : — Indiana has undertaken a sy.«tem of internal improvement on what, considering that she is still so young a state, may be consi- dered ii n)agnif]ceiji scale. The present estimates for the comple- tion of the various state works, amount to about eighteen millions and a half of dollars; and it is the general opinion, that they will, when compleied, considerably exceed that sum. Txcenly-five mil- lions is probably nearer what will be the actual cost. When we reflect ihai the total amount of property, both real and personal, of the state was, by the assessment of 1837, under one hundred mil- lions, it must be conceded, that this young state has evinced no small degree of enterprise. The entire system of improvement is iiiideitaken,and to be completed and to be owned exclusively by the state, without anj^ association with private companies. The amount of contracts entered into by the Slate Board of In- diana, since ihey commenced operations, (on the 1st of March, 1836, up to the present time, (January 1st, 1838,) amounts, at contract prices, to nearly four millions of dollars. The amount of labour actually performed under these contracts, up to the present time, somewhat exceeds tico millions of dollars; and the amount of la- bour necessary to complete existing contracts, is somewhat more than one million and three qumters. It seems probable, that the stale will proceed with these works, at the rate of from a million and a half to two millions of dollars annually. It will, of course, be some years before she can expect to receive a return over and above repairs, from any of the works. The heaviest works undertaken by Indiana are, the Central Ca- nal, the White Water Canal, and the Madison and Lafayette Rail- Roud. Yet these, perhaps, if completed, will ultimately yirld as fair a profit as the less expensive portions of the undertaking. The improvement of ihe Wabasli, is a part of the duty confided to the iStcite Board of Improvement. The upper portion, as far down as Terre Haute, is to be improved by canalling, the Wabash and Erie Canal connecting Terre Haute with the lake. The Grand Rapids at Mount Carmel, just below the n)outh of White river, are to he improved by slack water navigation, at the joint ex- pense of Indiana and Illinois. Contracts to the amount of $167,000 iia.v"e been made for the construction of a dam and sleomboal lock. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 45 to effect this object. How the river is to be improved belowr that point, is yet undRcided. The Slate Board, in their last report, (of 16th December, 1837,) express their double whether it can be effected except by partial eanallinsr; and we have given, on our map, the route of a projected Cross Cut Canal, to connect ihe Wabash above the Grand Chain with tlie Ohio, at or near Mount Vernon, as sur- veyed by an engineer of eminence, under the instructions of the citizens of Pose}' county. If this improvement be completed, the connection of the upper Wabash country with the Ohio, by steamboat as well as canal boat navigation, will be effected. An important and yet undecided question connected with the Ftate works of Indiana i?, whether she is entitled, from the Un ted States' government, to an extension of the Wabash and Erie Canal grant of lands ; so that she shall receive the saine for each mile of canal as fnr down as to Terre Haute. If this question should be decided in her favour, it will probably aid her in ner present under- takings 10 the amount of two or three millions of dollars. The following are the works undertaken or pro- jected by the state. They are laid down and can be traced on the map without a more aetailed de- scription. The Wahash and Erie Canal. — Commencing at the Ohio line in Allen county. Running up the Maumee river to Fort Wayrje ; thence down the Wabash to Terre Haute ; thence by a Cross Cut Canal to the Central Canal in Greene county. The Canal is now finished from Fort Wayne to Logans- port, a distance of 76 miles, and the work is pro- gressing at Logansport and Lafayette. Central Canal. — Commencing at Lamasco city on the Ohio river. Runs north, crossing the White river near Petersburg!! in I'ike county ; thence up the west fork of White river to the centre of Madi- son county ; thence northwardly to Marion in Grant county, where it divides into two routes, one to Peru, the other to Wabash. There is also projected a Side Cut Canal from Madison county to Muncie- 46 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. town. The Central Canal is rapidly progressing from various points. The While Water Canal. — Commences at Law- renceburgh on the Ohio river. Continues up the White Water river to Cambridge city in Wayne county. From this point there is a canal qnoposed to Muncietown. The White W^ater Canal is so far advanced that it is expected that the navigation from Brookville to Lawrenceburgh may be commenced early in the autumn of the present year. The Northern Canal. — From Fort Wayne on the Wabash river, to Michigan city on Lake Michigan, and from a point above Michigan city to the line of Illinois, This route is not yet permanently settled. New- Albany and Vincenne- Mac Adamized road. A portion of it from the Ohio will be ready for use, it is expected, the present season. The Mac Adamized road from New- Albany to Crawford sville. On the division of this road, from New- Albany to Jeffersonville, the grading is nearly completed. A rail-road from Madison to Indianapolis. Con- tinued from thence as a Mac Adamized road to La- fayette, and from Lafayette to Michigan city con- tinued a rail-road. This road is so far advanced between Madison and Vernon, that it is expected locomotives with their trains can commence running next autumn or winter. The Buffalo and Mississippi Rail-Road, proposed to connect the Atlantic states with the Mississippi river, has been surveyed across the northern part of the state, and will be seen on the map. Besides the above enumerated canals and roads, there are several rail-roads chartered to private companies. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 47 One called " The Ohio and Indianapolis Rail- Road," commencing at Jeffersonville ; passing through Vienna, Rochford and Columbus to India- napolis, lOS miles. Six miles of the road from Jeffersonville is now under contract. Another rail-road is chartered from Evansville to Terre Haute, to pass through Princeton and Vin- cennes. Another rail-road is chartered from Lafayette to the state line of Illinois, in a direction to Danville. Another rail-road is chartered and located from Lawrenceburgh to Indianapolis, running through Greensburg and Shelbyville. The routes of other roads proposed are not known to the author of this book, and therefore can not be traced. These are truly vast and expensive undertakings; and there are not wanting those who, in view of the infancy of the state, are incredulous about their com- pletion. The following is an extract from the inaugu- ral address of Governor Wallace, which is well cal- culated to allay these apprehensions. He inquires : "What assurances have we that these prosperous circumstances are to continue, or, that the sources of our revenue are to expand in proportion to the increased demand that, we know, must be made upon us from year to year, to defray the interest upon our rapidly accumulating debt? In finding an answer to these questioi>s, I am happy to say, that, we are not left to the uncertain guidance of mere conjecture. We have at our command, facts and data, as undoubted in their character, as those upon which we have just been com- menting. By referring to the reports of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, for a series of years back, we ascertain from them, the precise number of acres of the public land that have been sold each year within the limits of the state, and, consequently, the exact annual additions that will constantly be making to the present amount of our taxable land, as far in advance as 1841. For the sa- tisfaction of my fellow-citizens, I here furnish them with these im- portant results. The quantity of public land sold, for instance, in 1832, auKJunted to 516,444 acres — these, as a matter of course, be- came taxable the present year; in 1833, 555,000 acres were sold, 48 TABLE OP ALTITUDES which became taxable in 1838; in 1834,585,000 acres were sold, which Itecome taxable in 1839; in 1835, 1,586,904 acres were sold, which become taxable in 1840; in 1836, 3,249,210 acres'were sold, which become taxable in 1841; making altogether a sum toial of 6,522,958 acre?, which, in 1841, is to swell the tax list of that year over and above the tax list of 1836; that is, instead of the five mil- lions of acres and upwards subject to taxation in 1836, we shall have twelve millions and upwards subject to taxation in 1841. Is not this a most animating result? Could our prospective advancement in all the substantial elements of wealth be presented in bolder relief ? "Bat, again. In looking forward to the increase of taxation, it is quite natural that we should inquire how this burthen is to be dis- tributed? Whether equitably or not? Whether it is so arranged that those who are most benefited shall be required to pay most? Protnpted by curiosity, I vvas led to a somewhat minute examina- tion of these points, and I found, first, that of the 81 counties that appear upon the tax list of the present year, 52 of them are directly and immediately interested in the prosecution of some one of our public works, and 29 that are not; secondly, that the sum of all the taxables returned by the 52 counties this year, amounts to near seventy-six millions of dollars, while the same retmned by the 29 counties, amounts to but twenty-two and a half millions — estal)lish- ing the fact, to the satisftction of the most scrupulous, thai the for- mer counties, even, of the burthens and expenses of the present year, pay near three and a half times as much as the latter. And I take it, that it needs but a moment's reflection to decide that, this ratio, great as it is, must continue to increase for years to come: for not less, perhaps, than eight tenths of the six and a half millions of acres of land, which we have seen are to become taxable in 1841, lie in some one of the 52 counties, or in the north. And tliere is the north too, with her port of entry and harbour on the lake; her shipping list, strange as it may sound to our ears; her one hundred thousand dollars worth of expoVts— her three hundred arrivals and departures of vessels, of various descriptions, the present year; her iron foun- dries; her numerous manufacturing establishments; her enterprising population — her flourishing towns and villages — the north, I say, holds out to us these most flattering indications that she, too, will be forthcoming at the hour of need— perhaps, by '41, certainly by '45— with her taxable list of thirty or forty millions of dollars." The following table of Altitudes in Indiana, was prepai-ed for the General Assembly in January, 1836, by Messrs. Stansbury and Williams, Engi- neers : — IN IxVDIANA. 49 ' c! ed a! as «J eJ ti a a eS OS »; (S •J33J ui 'J8ATJ iiospnfj ai]! ui .lojBAV apu BAoqB lilSjajj com o ■^ CO ifj t^ l^ CO 0) S3 ss ed od cS cs ^ .2 .£3 ai el a •jaaj III '3U395JBT 0^ aouojajaa qjiAv uoi}BAa|a CQ ?0 CO (M O* T-( CT>— ICO ojdcdcScdcsoSddsJ ei at a •199JUI'S!1BJJ0 pBOq 513 JOAIi OllJQ 3{[\ UI 5jiBiu ja;BM iiaiq O) OtOtOfOCOCOCO-^J^C^ CO CO "Si" aouujajaj qiiAV uoi"iba313 ITS Tj> "sr CO cc c^ 1— 1 •109| UI 'si[odBUBipny « 03 CS 05 (D ^X -C!J= 05 (D as JB icuuo JO uiouoq 01 (N CO CO o o o -^ -^ «n iCt-C* jaouajajai qjiM uo!Ji)A9[a -^COUO . > : ™ r« • a be s • c ;.. : o S >-■ &» • o •d .yj 4J : & ^ P3 s 1 T3 1 o eo ^ i " ' 1 : S h .Si ^ w ^ ^«^ ^ ^ 2 srsvilln, Conwell'sE Somerset,.. Brookville,, Harrison,. . 4. Michigan r do. ad, between ) rt rt 03 cB cS — 1-^ 1 V 1 ^,-^-S^^^5:W^ s 1 o'^ S'c£££5 ^"^ ^3 5^^ i iiliiil^ 1 03 03 g a '^ c o i^t„«_<*.c.-<— t*,t,-t^ (E S^ s COOOOOOOCn C 5 fe." « 05 c ^ O W C if c^ lliiaaa^ij tt ^ « } 03 ^ — " a. a: c: p: c 1-^ M 50 TABLE OF ALTITUDES d cS o5 d ci ct a ei a ei <— iiO'-( F-, CN( CV C^ cj gj 03 83 es ce COCOCOCOCOCOCOCO'^Tr^iOfO-wiOiO'O eo-4— (xoi^Mco loco— '^yDcoco— ( 33 03 03 CC Oj Oj CS CS ^ I— I T-Hi— iC-V(X(MMC^C»:)0«COC^ o d o o o i T3 13 ^3 -a Tj ■ • . « ^ i <= u SJ '^ W S . y ^ nl > ) S: 3 > 03 •- ; " vj ^ = ^ ^ oS 3^ ^S "a hi) a> i- ^ S ^ s o o_> J. ;i. -c '^ S w . . . . c o . IN INDIANA, 51 a a a a as S3 si si d d d d si oi d d d sS ts •^ 05 «0 C^ O 00 CO 1— I Of CC O T3 lO 00 «C O ^ •q' CO -^ CO COiOCO CO to 00 C3 a 05 A CO CO ( J2^^_C^^ ^ 1— COOO(NC^OvOirtiCOi-HC5^(>? CiCOCOCO-^COt^COOtJ3«3 — CO ,-1 .-I ,-( CO CO cd oj ,.Q 42 s) ^ C^^rH,-! — ^C<-' hX' O - ^ o o c 00000000 tSOOOOOOO ^QQQQQQQ ;; o ? ::; 9^ ?J ^.3J ^►2 2 52 TABLE OF ALTITUDES eitiQiciaiaaia eiaeSaiaiacieiciaici LOcomomoCTi-H O Ci O CTJ Ci OMM CO I 05 Oi ^^ 51 ^^ -^ i o ix Oi cr> (M CO 1 t>. o o o -^ ■^ •^a^ conn CO cTio c^ m lO •^ -^ f lO ^J2^JZ^^Xi^ ,a^ ce a 93 d^^ c3,^^j3^ loa J j2 CO C3 03 ^ ^ CO ' CTi CT> l^ O CO i , Cs( CO cn O I CO ^ — ^ ^_=J^ — ^^^ CO Xi ^ ^, !-C^^^ J2 COOCOCOCT^COOSO co. : • a; c • . u 3 • O ' : hj u : :c3 ^ ' . <_ 3 • J2 • • ?r ~^-^ jL _ (U I (V _ ^ CT ai •.•" c = o CO O L. Sen C CO « • s'S 3 — (D «j > --i C 2~ = * J > g^ ^ .-^^^^ ■^ o = *- 3 (D o ^ - 3 S -3 i bn S^^;^a;rt K JD-C-^ CS.^ O <11 ;S2: c 2 = ? ^ c c o O O S^ 3 cQfa1-J e3 o 3 O > — C >- 0-3 IN INDIANA. 53 cd tf ^ 00 0$ ssariai9SacitiQ3 ai a gi s: ca aS a 33 a x^Si^ a Xi a XiJ^ ei b as cs es Crt CV CO CO irj CTJ O 00 t^ CD Oi l^ CO 05 O^ » —1-1 •^ O CO Crt CV CO CO ^ CO c ■ ^ coco C5CO COiO CCt^ 00 i^ CO CO 93 C9 flO o3 gC od coot^cococjt^ <^"3^^fc:'5i2z^SSf2SteS5^ J^ l^ rO :7^ O UO t^ >0 CM '^ CO CO O CO '5* O O .^ p o •=^ O o 3 3 54 TABLE OF ALTITUDES csJcSeSaJeJeSoSaJeS n a ta a ei O CO l^ (T? CTi OD 00 CO o c= ic r^ o CO i^ ^^ 00 ci i^ CO o CJ Ctf C5 ^ C^ Qtf ctf lO O C^ -^ OS C^ TJ« ro lo c^ J- '^ a> l^ t- CC CO Oi 3cecS33eSa3 a e cs (C 03 cE COOOOiOOC^CO-H-^Ci tccyia50^ocot>.0'^rot^ ■"TCMCiCMCOC^ (Mi-H CO lO -* CO CO iC •«*" o J^ -^ TT CO •— I -^ C< i-H .-H CM CO 0< O f-J CO CO O UO CO o J^ CO UO — liO i^ CO T-H .— ^ CO CO CO CO t^T^-^-^cncTscooJiococo CIC^CM^NCOCO — O^t^tO^ CTi CO t^ 0> O CO CO O l^ i^ C? -^ J^ o CO CJ CO "^ CO CO 1— c S3 CS C3 ,^ 03 A CS CS ^ IC O (>J -^ 05 fN ■!*■ CO — to CO CO CO -^ Tj- lO 'S' C3 CS CS Cj 03 3j 05;0«OCO^H^Jir5Tt0 {MUOUOiCCJOiOC^ C-^ CO r-l r-( ,-( CM .-I -S .-(C< I o en ■^ I— I c o ' ^ O lO CO I— I o r-l C< r-1 i-( i^ CM ■^ O — ' -^ O CO lO c^ r^ c^j -^ cTi .-•.-lOJCMrH ^ « C-« - c i- bi.'Z ::= r o O O c o o o^ ■*- i, (D O II 72M '-'as mm t^ O C Q o O S;rt o - GCOQ Q ^ c3 iT = > « > & — OJ '^ §5 5-^ C tS „ (5 o o - ■- .'^ 'S U- (» W. Vu 0000 »5« = o o QQ 6 6 6 6 CQGQ m INDIANA. 55 eJeJosaojeJsBeicScSaSeJga CM tC CO lO CO CO t^ CO irt C) O CO C^ 05 O CO c; C? (M f^) o cc «o "^(nofocoTTiococsoocrs-^cO'^ CO to «0 CO •^ en ->* J-^ 05 tr> OS CO CO OS C0 03 c3 c3 c: a e 03 ci 03, 0*^00 ?0 O C-J C7> C* CO TJ" CO-"*" »0(NOf0CTCnOC0C5(7?(NCJOC0C0 — too-Nio — c^=;i^coi^to.-i i-H C0Ct woe* coo ^ r}< CO g si S o o o'S © p 0^ CB CO ^ ^.^s tq -d i s- i: ° -O "-' j2 -C o__ _ ^ i^ i ^ 2 S H O a; u (U a: ^ 3 o :S i S 5 5 ^^^ •« 2 O cc a =i c3 3> B tlC'g ' rt '■'■ s rt C! 03 csH 03 * cS cS ti (B . X. ^ c3 ^ F « — O a; I- I 3 3*"* > 3' c* o o (/2 o o o o CGQO Ss is J ^ CD -C • 1 - • C O • is ■g 3 • rH ^1 i'o « 3 aj 5-1 _ — r- -5 _ ^ O) :-! 3^= S " ^ 3 ^fa -M J E ^ o !d 3,rt 3— 3 3 «=3 72 MM M 56 TABLE OF ALTITUDES 9S cS cS cS ^ d t>. t^ t^ ^ to t^ Ol CO M to 00 o-> t£>(0 CO CO'*:>C?COt^(NODO«£> OCTSC^OOOiOOTt^ t^«0 CO-*-H O ^T" o o o CO CO «:i lOtO A n Cd C0 A C8 ■^ Ot) (TJ O CO t^ ^ CO rf -H CN< CO CiO^OOJiCOOO'^COCN (Q CO flS • eS as OJC1 i-Ii-1fH ^^ ja^ja s : o . •^ s . c-< 5 : III O o : S c 3 g c o S o o J If ~ .5 CO CO P be v^ t^ c„ t^ t^ c^ o o o o o o £-£ S -I § ^ « ? ^^ ^ — Ok OS c.^ O tC-3 "«;= ^ f = i S E S :2 : o a I, • cd *'-C . ; _ bL^ I • sis V- I • £ c^ o . ^ /-' c— s ^11 ^^^ as a; cc ti< ^ 3 *j w o a ■g-T J*: S H S ^ o o = "S w CO ^-i _^ .:i ^^^ 3 E t v-ir: o'tr CO <^ t>iD£=: ?r-5 "■> - C 05 o3x! O. 'tf- 2 ^ t; 'i^ o «|-=^ o s ^ '^ '^ V a ^ £-g-gS J^ O F s i5/3 O «3 3 313 >- — 73 MCO ' bo-2 3 3 ipJ ^ c«-^ d mEqW oooooooco oooo ^ c c o o o o o o ooooooooo ocoo IN INDIANA, 57 aj a! cS d as oScJeSrteJeJcJcJcJ Cd CB.2 3j,a^, e ce 33 d cS eijDXi & fid OS CD g3 Ql 'TM'<*— 1 lO CO C^ CO T C^ -c^e3e3csaa3c3aj CT3 O to t^ CO O C^ i Cri «3 f— I «3 uO t^ CO S5. £ ?= _^ ^ r; CO o E o o E _2 -o S ~ 3 -o ^ rt !■) a ^ ^ O xO, ^ a — H tU - . -Q = U lU 5^, ^> S''^ Si no « - S^ -C i ir -; o o o o — oj .t; w . . . c ^ o o o i:< 5 U^ CUQ £•- S 1. QQ o o o . . >- o o a) -T3-0 ,^'^ C r« rTS ■ > 1 1:-5 ^ _ o 03 — -^ Ch'E.s .5'"c t *^ 5 hr o ^ ) > c ^ -— •r:-;^ « o 1— 1 *- ^.^ v^* ^*« ^41^ OOC^OOOOOO O O O O O QPQQQ cl* 58 GEOLOGY. GEOLOGY. David Dale Owen, Esq., the State Geologist, presented a report to the General Assembly in De- cember, 1837, the concludmg chapter in which he sums up the result of his obseiTations, is inserted below: — The practical and very important inference from the foregoing report, may be summed up in a few woids. Three geological formations exist in Indiana. 1st, a bituminous coal formation, occupying thai portion of the state west of the se- cond principal meridian; 2d, a limestone formation, (similar to the mountain limestone of European geologistF,) prevailing in the coun- ties east of that meridian ; 3d, a diluvium, consisting of deposites of clay, sand, gravel, and boulders; overlying, and in many places covering up, the two other formations, to a greater or less depth, particularly in the northern part of the state. Now, as in this country no perfect seams of bituminous coal are found associated with calcareous deposites, similar to those of Mid- dle and Eastern Indiana, the geologist can confidently predict, that it is a waste of time and labour to search for coal in any part of the state east of this second meridian ; for instance, as has been done in the neighbourhood of the black bituminous aluminous slate, which is represented on tlie map stretching north in a narrow band, com- mencing at New Albany in Floyd county, and extending through part of Clarke, Scott, Jennings, JBartholomew, Decatur, and proba- bly beneath the diluvium, in a northerly direction, towards Elkhart. If we were to speculate from geological observations, on the fu- ture condition of Indiana, we should say, that the western counties are destined to become, one day, the chief manufacturing counties; since, with a fiew exceptions, all large manufacturing towns and districts are situated on the coal formation. The freestones of this formation being often soft and fissile, owing to the existence of mica disseminated in layers through their sub- stance, and to the ferruginous cement which unites their particle?, being liable to undergo alterations by the action of the atmosphere upon it, a careful selection by the builder is always necessary. In several places, particularly towards the base of the formation, or near its eastern boundry, as at Attica, Williamsport, on Pine Creek, ond near the French Lick, with a little care, freestone, white and fine grained, and excellently suited for architectural purposes, may be readily obtained. In character and geographical position it re- sembles the celebiated Scotch freestone, of which the new town of Edinburgh, and a portion of the town of Glasgow are built. At New Harmony there is a quarry of freestone, yielding rock GEOLOGY. 59 that has stood the test of twenty years; yet it is by no means equal to the strata above alluded to, in our eastern counties. A freestone of a very fine grain and white colour is quarried at the French Lick, west of Paoli. It is manufactured into whetstones, that answer admirably for putting a fine edge on tool?, and for pol- ishing. They are exported to all pans of the United States. Good grindstones are also manufactured from a siiriilar stratum of these freestones, of a coarser grain. The east^rn bonndarv or ba#e of the coal formation is the most likely place to aftbrd salt water ; for we find the most productive salt wells ihroughout the western country occupying in the inferior members of the coal formation. Thus, should symptoms of salt water make their appearance in the counties of Perry, Spencer, Du- bois, Martin, Daviess, Greene, Owen, Clay, Putnam, Montgomery, or Tippecanoe, the encouragement to make a search would be greater than if found elsewhere in the state. Salt, however, is not, strictly speiiking, constant in its geological position. In Europe, it usually occurs in the new red sandstone — a formation higher and of more recent origin than the bituminous coal formation ; while on the Holston, a tribu'ary of the Tennessee river, there is a fine salt deposite, surrounded by gypsum or plaster of Paris, lying on the Grauwacke formation. Two or three salt wells have been sunk in the knobs east of Bloomington, through the silicious beds belonging to the sub- carboniferous group. The salt is of excellent quality; but the water has hitherto proved too weak to aftbrd a fair profit. The boring after salt is, in truth, at all times attended with considerable uncertainty. Quantities of argillaceous iron ore— from which in Great Britain 600,000 tons of iron are annually obtained — occur in some of the clay slates of the bituminous coal formation of Indiana. Some of the clay slates answer well for fire-brick. That now excavated near Troy is to be manufactured into fire-brick for sale — an important article of commerce, in a country where steam engines are so entensively used, and indispensable where furnace operations are carried on to any extent. Some of our clays in the coal formation answer well for the ma- nufacturing of stone ware and gray pottery-ware. Such wares are now manufactured from them at Troy. Since I first called the attention of the proprietors to the deposite of the hydrated brown oxide of iron, near the Falls of Eel river, ex- aminations have been made, by digging in four or five different places : ore has been struck in all of them ; many tons have been thrown up, and the prospects are so encouraging, that the proprie- tors of the Falls are now endeavouring to form a company, to erect a furnace, and comiuence, on an extensive scale, smelting the ore. Sandstone being 'he predominating rock in the coal formation; and the greatest part of the soil of those western counties being 60 GEOLOGY. formed from its disintegration, we find it generally of a sandy cha- racter. The dip and position of the various beds belonging to coal mea- sures are generally constant, unless where, from the protrusions of basalt or greenstone, ihose volcanic disturbances called by the mi- ners, "■faults,''^ '^troubles,'''' or '•^ dykes,'''' have disturbed the regu- larity of position. If, then, the general dip and order of succession of the strata can be ascertained, and these should appear to be tree from faults or material uwdulation, a pretty correct estimate might be formed of the depth of the various seams of coal and other strata in different parts of the coal fields of Indiana. Most of the limestones in the oolitic series — that is, those occur- ring in the counties of Crawford, Orange, Lawrence, Monroe, Owen, and Putnam— make good buildine materials. The enerinital lime- stones in Harrison, NVashington, Jackson, Bartholomew, and Mor- gan counties, are also very suitable for that purpose ; but the sili- cious strata, or sand rocks, in these counties, are generally/ soft and crumbling, and by no means durable. The only use that the black bituminous aluminous slate, occurring in the sub-carboniferous group, <'an be put to, is for the manufacture of alum.* The sub- carboniferous group affords a water-lime, which appears to be a compound chiefly of limestone and cliy, with some bituminous matter. It is associated with the black bituminous aluminous slate above mentioned. Some of the limestone in its neighbourhood — for instance, those rocks which are excavated at the top of the hill behind Madison — contain green earth, and some are impregnated with bitumen and sulphuret of iron. In making a selection of build- ing materials in such strata, care should be taken not to use any such, unless their durafeility has been well tested; for they are ge- nerally liable to decay. The fosiliferous limestones of East Indiana, namel)', those found in Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Ptiplev, Franklin, Fayette, and Union counties, are durable rocks, and some of them make beau- tiful marbles. The sub-carboniferous formation of Indiana is identical with the formation occurring in Middle Tennep?=ee, in which the enormous deposites of the hydrated brown oxide of iron, constituting so much of the mineral wealth of that state, are found. The deposites of this kind of ore in Indiana, however, although * For this purpose it must be heaped together in piles, and set fire to, for it will burn tor a short time, as vye liave before explained. After combus- tion, the sulphur and iron are both oxidized ; the former becomes sulphuric acid — the latter, oxide of iron. A portion of the sulphuric acid unites with alumina, and the rest with oxide of iron, forming a double salt, the puli)hate of alumina and iron. The iron has now to be got rid of. For this pur- pose, potash or ley is added, which throws down oxide of iron, and appro- priates its sulphuric acid to itself— thus forming a sulphate of alumina and potash, or alum. GEOLOGY. 61 found in the same formation, are not associated with exactly the same strata. In Tennessee, they are in the silicious strata, just above the enerinital limestones; those at present discovered in In- diana are either resting on the oolitic series of limestones, or near the bituminous aluminous slate. The soil in Crawford, Lawrence, Orange, Monroe, Owen, and Putnam counties, being formed chiefly from the oolitic limestones, has a calcareous character, and is admirably adapted for the growth of grasses. Clay will be found to predominate in the soil of the counties of Floyd, Clark, Scott, Jennings, and parts of Bartholomew, Decatur, Shelby, Johnson, Marion and Hancock ; because the soil of these counties is underlayed by clay slates. Hence we find the beech tree, which delights in a clayey soil, there growing luxuriantly. The soil of Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Ripley, Franklin, Fayette, Union, and parts of Decatur and Rusli, being formed upon alternating strata of clay and limestone, must partake chiefly of these two earths. This soil is also well adapted to the growth of grasses. The soil of the northwestern counties appears to be a siliceo- calcareous sand, resting upon a clay bottom. This I conceive to be the reason why it is so much more productive than its external ap- pearance promises. These points, however, I intend more fully to verify, by analysis, so soon as I can get samples of all the various soils. As yet, my opinion has been formed chiefly from ocular observation, and reasoning from general principles. The water in the northwestern counties is strongly impregnated with carbonic acid. This, acting as a solvent upon limestone and the protoxide of iron, dissolves them whenever it meets them in its passage to the surface. And thus we find these waters ofien highly charged with these two ingredients, forming calcareous and chaly- beate springs. As they lose very soon, by exposure to the air, the excess of carbonic acid, which acts as a solvent of these ingre- dients — and as iron is brought also by the same exposure to air, to a higher degree of oxidation, and therefore to a more insoluble form — these two causes acting together, soon produce deposites of calcareous tufas and bog iron ore, so frequently found in that coun- try. The quantity of bog iron ore is, therefore, continually on the increase. The greater part of Indiana must have been, at some period of the earth's history, covered by an ocean; for most of the fossils in the limestones are of a marine origin. None of the preciouH metals wiil ever be found in Indiana^ unless in minute portions in boulders, or in small quantities in combination with other metals;* because the primitive and grauwacke forma- * The gold of the United S?tatcs occurs in micaceous and talcons slates, which never contains fossils. Stream gold is, indeed, found in alluvial de- 62 GEOLOGY. lions, in which alone productive mines of gold and silver ore occur, do not exist in Indiana. It is true that, in some rare instances, sil- ver is found as a sulphuret and as red silver ore, in such formations as exist in the western country; but I have seen no symptoms of any such in our state. The same may be said of bismuth, tin ore, and native arsenic. The only metals which we need look for, are iron, lead, antimony, mane;anese, zinc, cobalt, and possibly some va- rieties of copper and arsenic ores. It is not likely that anthracite coal will ever be found in Indiana, because that mineral is usually found in the primitive and grau- wacke formations. Several detached pieces of native copper have been found in the state, one weighing five pounds; but, from the nature of the ore, its occurring in washed gravels, and only in isolated pieces, I have reason to believe that they do not originate in the state. I may add that the Kupferschiefer of the German miners yields, at the mines of Mansfield, in Thuringia, an abundant supply of copper ore. This copper slate, as found at the bottom of the new red sandstone form- ation, which overlies the bituminous coal formation, and copper ores, have been found in the carboniferous and mountain limestone; there is, therefore, a possibility of discovering workable copper ore in the formations of Indiana. The fertility of the soil of Indiana is universally admitted, yet few are aware that it arises mainly from its geological position. It is posites ; but these are never far distant from the non-fossiliferous slates, from the disintegration of which they have been formed. One or two extraordinary exceptions to the general rule of gold being found only in noti- fossiliferous rocks, are instanced by Humboldt. He mentions mines being worked tor the precious metals in a limestone corresponding in age to the magnesian limestone of England, and one in a deposite as recent even as the oolitic series. That brilliant metallic-looking mineral, sometimes of a golden yellow colour, and at other times of a silvery white appearance, and often crystalized in cubes, so frequently taken for gold and silver, is iron pyrites, — a compound of sulphur and iron. It may be easily distinguislied by putting a piece of it into a shovel, and placing it over the tire ; if U be iron pyrites, a sulphurous Bmell will be perceived — or, in more common language, it will smell of brimstone, .ind a dark, brittle substance will remain. The only use to which this sulphuret of iron, found so abundantly in many parts of our state, can be put, is, for the manufacture of copperas or sulphate of iron. For this purpose, fragments of the ore are strewed in a convenient situation, so as to be act.-d on by the atmosphere — where the sulphur becomes sulphuric arid, and the iron oxide of ir' West Clarkstown Clarksville Claysville Clermont, "Cleveland Clinton Clover Dale Clover Land Coliunhiaville 'Columbia Columbia Columbia Cobimbus Concord Concord , Connersvillc Conwell's Mills Curydon Covington Cranberry. Crawfordsville , Crooked creek Cross Plains Cumberland ''ynthiana Cynihiana Cynthiana , D'lnville , Darlington Dayton Decatur Decatur t. t. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. I. P.O. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. t, Co. seat. p. t. t. Co. seat. p. o. Co. seat. Co. seat. p. o. Co. seat. p. o. p. o, p. t. p. t. t. t. Co. seat. t. p. o. Co. Feat. t. Deer Creek,. I p. o. Deerficld, [ p. o. Delphi, Co. seat Deniston, t. Derby, t. Dicksbur^h, t. Name of county in which they are situated Dickson's Mills,. . , . | p. o. Porter Hamilton. . . . Clarke Washington.. Marion Tippecanoe... Vermillion.. . . Putnam Clay Martin Gibson Fayette Tippecanoe . . Barlholnmew, Tippecanoe..., Steuben , Fayette Fianklin Harrison Fountain Delaware. . . . Montgomery.. Steuben Ripley Marion Posey Hamilton. . . . Shelby , Hendricks.. . . Montgomery . Tippecanoe. . Adams , Dearborn Carroll, Randolph, Carroll, St. Joseph,.. . Perry, Knox, Parke 80 CONSULTING INDEX. M Names of places. Name of county in which they are situated DillsLiorough, Drevvsburgli, n Drusilla, j*Oiihlin, ijDubliii, , k Duck Creek, n'DuLiley, I j Duril.ipsville, H i Eagle Village, L ij Economy, J iEden,..; , I k iMliiiburgh, I E n Edwaidsport, : L c Eel River, j G IjEletl^viUe, | I q Elizabfith, j I ni|Eiizahetlno\vn, I J m Elm Grove, j Km Elv I I aEfkharf, ! Eusene, I p. t. p. o. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. o. t. p. t. D i D r L k M k E m G m M c L Evnr.sville,.. . Eveit'>n, Fairfield, Fairplay, Fairport, . . . . Fairport, Fairvievv, . . . . Fnirview, . . . . Falinoulh,.. . . Farmi'igton,. Far West,. . . Fayetteville,.. Fi-^Iiersburg,.. kjFlat Rock,... klFleiniiisrs, (V'Forl Wayne, ^\ Frankfort,... . V.\ Franklin,. . . . ir Franklin,.. , , P- P- P- P- P- P- t. p. t. t. p. o. p. o. t. p. t. Co. seat, p. t. p. t. p. o. t. t. t. p. t. t. I. p. o. p. t. p. t. P.O. P.O. Co. seat Co. seat Co. seat p. t. Dearborn, Franklin,.. . . Jackson, Parke, Wayne, , Franklin,.. . . Jackson, Union, Boone, , Wayne, , Hancock, — . Johnson,.. . . Knox, Allen, Monroe, Hanison,.. . . Jackson, , Jennings, . . . Jennings,, .. Elkhart,.. .. Vermillion,.. Vanderburg,.. Fayette, Franklin,.. .. Greene, Monroe, Allen, Rush, Montgomery, Fayette, Hamilton,.... Johnson,.. .. Fayette,. ... Madison,... . Shelby, Shelby, Allen, Clinton, Johnson,.. . . I Wayne, CONSULTING INDEX. 81 Numea of places. H p Fredericksburg,, H q Fredo?iia, F 1 Freedom J j Freeport, E r FriPbie's Mills,. E j'Gallatin, , H cIGeneva, E q (jentrysville,... . (ieore^etown,.... Georgetown,.... Geimantowij,.., German town,. ., Germantown,.. . Germantown,... K b Gibraltar,. J J G M K F E J K K L I I Mm L i J p H j Mm H n J j Mm L 1 Good Hope,. Goshen, Gosport, Grant's Cfpek, Granville, Green Castle, Granville, Greenfield, Greensboro', Greensbitrg, Green's Fork, Greenville, Greenwood, Guionsville, Hagersiown, Hamburg, Hampton, Hanover, Hamer's Mills, Hanover, Hardingsburgb, Harding's Stone, ... Harrison,! Hartsville, p. t. Co. sea p. t. t. p. o. p. t. t. p. t. p. t. t. p. t. t. t. t. t. P.O. Co. seat p. t. P.O. t. Co. seat, t. Co. seat. p. t. Co. seat, p. o. p. t. p. t. P.O. p. t. p. t. t. t. p. o. t. p. t. P.O. p. t. t. Name of county in which they are situated Washington,.. Crawford,.. . . Owen, Shelby, Warrick, Parke, Marshall,.... Spencer, Floyd, Brown,. Marion, Decntur, Wayne. Floyd, La Grange, . . La Grange,.. . Elkhart, Owen, Switzerland,.. Delaware,.. .. Putnam, Tippecanoe,... Hancock,. . . . Henry, Decatur, Wayne, Floyd, Johnson, Dearborn,. . . . Wayne, Clarke Hendricks,... . Dearborn,.. - . Lawrence,.. , . Shelby, Dearborn,. ... Ripley, Dearborn, Bartholomew, t Part of this town i« in Ohio. Dl 82 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of places. '6i I a' F f| Mm' D p K a K p D i M i E h F o J n L n D k J 1 M h G a Gg L ni K e J i L h G a E a M c L m i\ M n E i L a G i K i Gg J P Harrisburg, .... Hariiscn, Harrison, *Harrisonville,... Hartfiird, Hart's Mills,.. . Harvey's Creek, Haw Patch, Herculaneum,.. Hi hernia, Highland, * Hillsborough,,.. HilUborough, . . Hindostan, Hindsville, Home, Honey Creek, . Hope, Howiitown, . . . . fludson, Huntersville,... . Hunt's Mill,.... Htintington,.. ., Huntsville, Himtsville, Independence,... Independence,... Indiana Cily,... . Indiana City, — India Ken,.. . . . Indianapolis,., Jacksonbiirg,.,. . Jackponville,... . Jacksonville,... . .Jamestown, Jamestown, Jamestown, . . . , Jasper, Jefterson, JnfferBonville,... p. t. t. t. p. t. p. t. p. o. p. o. P.O. t. p. o. p. o. p. t. p. t. t. p. t. p. o. p. o. p. t. t. t. p. o. p. o. Co. seat. t. p. t. t. p. t. t. p. t. p. o. Capital, p. t. p. t. t. t. p. t. I. Co. seat p. t. p. t. Name of county in which they are situated, Fayette, Vigo, Elkhart, Tippecanoe,... Dearborn,. . . . Ripley, Pike, La Grange,.. . Clarke, Clarke, Vermillion,.. . Wayne, Fountain,. . . . Martin, Jeflerson, . . . . Jefferson, Vigo, Bartholomew, Randolph,... . Laporte, Tippecanoe,... Ripley, Huntington,... Madi?on, Randolph,.. .. Laporte, Warren, Lake, Allen, Ri|)ley, Marion, Wayne, Switzerland,.. Fountain,.. . . Elkhart, Boone, Henry Dubois, Clinton, IClarke, CONSULTING INDEX. 83 Names of places. E q Jonesborough,. G a {Kankakee, M 1 Kelso, L blKendalsviUe,... C olKnoxville, H hKirklin, K i Kiiightstowu,.. L erKraco,... .... I q'Laconia, F i'Ladoga, F K a Eg J e D b J a C r K n K e I ^ G a L 1 L k Mm H n Hq H h J b H n H e J i K i M c J o K a M j G n K a J La Fayette, La Grange, La Grange, Lagro, LakeC.H., Laketon, Lamasco City, Lancaster, Lancaster, Lanesville, Laporte, Laughery, "Laurel City, Laivrenceburg, Lawrenceporl, Leavenworth, Lebanon, Leesburgh, Leesville, Lewisburg, *Lewisburg, Lewisville, Lewiston, Lexington, Lexington, Liberty, Liberty, Lima, d. Liberty Mills, E m Linton, p. o. p. o. p. o. p. t. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. I. Co. seat. t. t. p. o. Co. seat t. t. p. t. t. p. t. Co. seat. p. o. p. t. Co. seat. t. p. t. Co. seat. t. p. t. p. t p. t. p. t. t. Co. seat. t. Co. seat. t. Co. seat. p. o, p. t. Name of county in which they are situated fepencer, Laporte, . . . . Dearborn,. . . Noble, Knox, Clinton, Henry, Allen, Harrison,,. .. Montgomery, Tippecanoe,.. La Grange,.. Tippecanoe,.. Wabash,.. .. Lake,.. Wabash,.... Vanderburg,. Jefierson, . . . Huntington,., Harrison, . . . Laporte, Ripley, Franklin,... . Dearborn,.... Lawrence,... Crawford,.... Boone,. . . . , Kosciusko,... Lawrence,... . Cass, Hancock,.,.. Henry, Allen, .Scott, Lagrange,.. .. Union, Lawrence,. . . La Grange,... Wabash,, .. . Greene, 84 CONSULTING INDEX. i c Q Names of places. i 5 Name of county in which they are situated. Distance from Indianapolis. Distance from Washington City J n E a Little Blue River,.. Little Muncietown,. LiitleYork, p. o. Village, p. t. p. t. p. t. t. t. t. P.O. Co. seat. t. p. 0. p. 0. t. t. Co. seat. p. t. t. p. t. P.O. p. 0. P.O. Co. seat. t. p. t. p.^t. Co. seat, p. t. t. t. t. Co. seat. Shelby, ^4 Kfl\ Madison, Washington, Lake, 43 103 77 77 72 93 72 140 106 75 92 89 115 46 20 103 73 25 137 103 20 152 109 72 167 99 85 87 159 41 154 70 H o G c Livonia, Washington, Carroll, 625 E k Lockpori, Lodi Vigo, D i Parke, Dearborn, Cass, M 1 Losran, ........•••• H e Logansport, Lynnville, Lyons Mills, McCallan's X Road Mackville, Macksville, 645 723 618 576 533 618 E q I P D k K n Warrick, Morgan, Harrison, Randolph, Vigo, Jefferson, Dearborn, Wabash, Putnam, M 1 J d F k IVlanchester, Manchester, Manhattan, Manwariug, Marcy, I J Shelby, La Grange, Knox,. Grant, E n T f Maria Creek,, H k Shelby, Noble, Marseilles, Martinsburg, Marion, Washington, La Grange,. Morgan, 614 Xfn.rtitiS'nillp 603 H r Maiifikiiort Harrison, 630 F o Maysville, Mdvsville,. ........ Daviess, 676 F ^ Fountain, Vandenburg, Sullivan, D r D m Mechanicsville, Merom, 731 6S8 H d Metea, t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. t. p. 0. Fulton, I e F a Mexico, Mir.hiornn Cirv La Porte, 739 H g Michis^an Town,. .. Clinton, 614 J a Middlebury, Elkhart, E 1 iMiddlebury, H g Middle Fork, Clay, Clinton, CONSULTING INDEX. 85 1 Names of places. i Name of county in which they are situated. 5.5 J k K h MicJdIetown, Middletovvn, ,... *IVliddletown, Midway, t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. t. p. 0. p.o. t. p. t. p. t. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p.o. p. t. t. t. p, t. Co. seat, t. p. t. p.o. p. t. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. Co. seat. p. t. p.'t. t. p. t. p. t. Co. seat. Sbelby, 38 40 87 177 79 127 47 46 97 48 114 7.5 48 57 143 23 63 59 67 79 86 82 16 29 27 45 43 36 121 39 1('6 75 102 35 187 548 D 1 Vi-^o F, r 702 550 T, 1 Milan, Ripley, T h Mdford, Kosciusko, T V Milford, J h Mill Creek, Miller, Madison, .•••• 556 M I K m Millersburgh, Mill Grove, Milltown, Rinlev G k Owen, ...... Hp I n Crawford, 626 Millport,.. Jac kson, K k Millroy,.... Rush, L j H a L a G j Gg Wayne, St. Joseph, La Grange, 'iOS Mishawaka, Mongoquinong, Monrovia, Monroe, Montevallo, Montezuma,. Monticello, Montpelier, Mooresfield, Moores Hill, Mooresville, Mooresville, Morgantown, Morristown, 672 Tippecanoe, Shelby, g j F e L f Lm Parke, 649 White, Blackford, Switzerland, Dearborn, Morgan, Fioyd, 6.52 573 540 587 u K k Shelby, Shelby, Rush, Morven, Moscow, 570 F j Mount Meridian,. .. . Mount Pleasant, .... Mount Pleasant, Mount Pleasant, Mount Prospect,. . . . Mount Sidney, Mount Sterling, Mount Tabor,. Moimt Vernon, 604 F o J k L b Gp I n Martin, Shelby, Delaware, Crawford,. Jackson, 659 637 L n G I Switzerland,... Monroe, 559 B r Posey, 743 86 CONSULTING INDEX. K h M n Names of places. J L H J J H K D F J B I M E D E G K M J M K B E G f Dm L i K o E o Km G i H J I I) M I K Muncieiown,. . .Vlurray's Mills, Nancytown, Napoleon, Nnshville, Nashville, (Slew- Albany, iNevv-Aiiisterdam,... Navarino, Newark, Newberry, Newbern, New-Ballimore,. . . , New-Bethel, New Boston, , Newburg, Newburg, New-Brunswick,.... New-Carlisle, W New-Castle,. , f I New-Charleston,.. ., h New-Columbus,. . . . New-Garden, , New Cumberland,. . New- Harmony, .... New-.Ierusalem,. ... New-Lancaster, .. . . New-Lebanon, New -Lisbon, , New-London, , New-London,, New-Marion, New-Maysville,. .. New- Paris, New-Paris, New-Philadelphia, l^eicport, New|)ort, „ New-Providence,... New-Salera, Co. seat, I p. o. Village. p. I. Co. seat. t. Co. seat. t. t. t. t. p. t. t. t. t. p. t. t. p. t. Co. seat. t. t. p. 0. t. p. t. t. t. t. p. t. p. t. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. t, p. t. Co. seat. t. p. t. p. t. Name of county in which they are situated I Delaware, 'Dearborn, Madison, Ripley, Brown, Hancock, Floyd, Harrison, La Grange, Warrick, Greene, Bartholomew, Posey, Marion, Wayne, Fountain, Warrick,. Clay, St. Joseph, Henry, Jay, Madison, Wayne, Grant, Posey, Greene, CarrU,. Sullivan, Henry, Jefferson, Daviess, Ripley, Putnam, Cass, Elkhart, Washington, Vermillion, Wayne, Clarke, Rush, CONSULTING INDEX. 87 i 2 «2 Names of places. i Name of county in which they are situated. ® ^ u New-Salisbury, Newtown, • . p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. p t- p. t. Co. seat. p. t. t. t. t. t. P.O. t. p. t. P.O. p.o. p. t. t. t. p.o. p. t. t. Co. seat. t. p. t. t. p. t. t. p.o. p. t. p.o. p. t. p. o. t. p. t. Co. peat. Co. seat. Harrison, 112 62 81 96 27 114 22 19 97 30 38 49 86 148 70 91 151 150 59 105 52 94 66 76 8J 44 53 140 121 45 30 87 88 89 119 Fountain, M 1 New-Trenton, New-Washington,.. . New-Winchester,.... 51^ K Clarke, ^^i G j M n I h Hendricks, Switzerland, Hamilton,.. .. .. .. .. 60( Noblesville, Northfleld, 5R( H h 59' I d North Liberty, North Salem, North West, ©""den,. ............ G i T fi Elkhart, K i Henrv, K a Ontario,. •••...•••••. La Gran'^e,. ........ }- J Orange, Orland, Fayette, H n 64( T n St. Joseph, D j E n C p H fi Otter Creek, Owl Prairie, Owensville, Palestine, Vieo Daviess, 715 St. Joseph, IM T p T, i Palmyra, U *Palmyra, Harrison, Rush, Palmyra, ..... .... G G f PaoH, Parafifon, Orange, Carroll, mi 63f T n Paris, 58' D n Paris, Lawrence, F i E i Purkersburg, Parkeville, Patoka,.. . Montgomery, Parke, D p M n Gibson, .. .. ..••••.. 70, Patriot, Switzerland, Rush, 547 K k Perkinp, T i 56f T, r Perry, Perrysburgh, Perry sville, Peru, Allen, T H Miami,. ]) h 661 T p 66S E Peiersbursk Pike 68J 88 CONSULTING INDEX. 1 erf Names of places. Name of county in which they are situated. o if Philanthropy, Philometh, Piketon, Pine Lick, P.O. p. O. p. t. P.O. t. t. t. p. t. t. p.o. t. p. t. t. p. o. t. p. O. Co. seat. P.O. t. p. t. t. p. t. Co. seat t. t. p. t. p. t. P.O. p. t. p. t. Co. seat. P.O. p. t. P.O. t. p. t. P.O. p. t. P.O. p. t. Franklin, 72 10 67 18 15 153 93 47 57 49 68 13 60 115 69 80 64 143 124 115 27 87 88 16 87 80 117 154 42 117 81 89 ^^ J H i Marion, Clarke, 583 K g G f Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, Pittsborough, Plainfield,.- Delaware, Carroll, 610 G i 591 H j Hendricks, St. Joseph, Switzerland, 588 Plainfield, 746 L ni Pleasant, 565 F k Pleasant Garden,.... Pleasant Hill, Pleasant Ridge, Pleasant Run, Pleasant View, Plum Orchard, 6'?0 E h L k Montgomery, Rush G f 641 H h Shelby, Fayette, Marshall, Greene, .. 535 688 F m Point Commerce,. .. Point Pleasant, Point Pleasant, Portage, Portersville, Portland, H a F o Tippecanoe, St. Joseph, D u bois, 672 M, Jav, 541 Portland, Hancock, D n Port William, Portland, Lawrence, D h Fountain, 661 H j D 1 Port Royal, Prairie Creek, *Prairiefon, Johnson,. ...•■..... Vieo, 67-? D k Viffo, 66? G h 618 D p Hp T n Prinrpinn Gibson ............ 70^ Proctorsville, Prowsville, Pulaski, Pulaski, Putnamville, Quercus Grove,. . . . Rainsville, Ramsay's Mills, Randolph, Crawford,. •••••#••• Washington, Elkhart, 634 G d Pu laski, ...•..• ..». F j M n E g K n 615 Switzerland, W^arren .• ....... 546 M h Randolph, 524 CONSULTING INDEX. 89 Names of places. K i Raysville,.., J m Reddington, K k Richland,. . M i Richmond,.. K llRichmond,. . M m Rising Sun,, M k Rohinson's, . E hlRob Roy,... H d\ Rochester, . . K b J m Rochester, Rockford,. Rockport, , j Rockville,. i!Rodnian's, rlRome,.. .. d Root, j Roseville, . giRossville,. i|Royalton, K ilRushville,.. F iiRuRsellville,, 'Sartbrd, M M D J J m F m M k D n E g J k I h H c G n J m U q; J I St. Louis, K kSl. Omer, M g Salanionia, I o\Safc7n, i Salisbury,, 1 Salmon, , q Saundersville,.. . j I Savannah, , Scipio, Scotland, Sentinel,.. Shakertown, Shawnee Prairie, Shelbyville, Shielville, Sidney, Sinking Spring,., Six Mile Creek,. p. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. t. p. t. p. o. p. t. Co. seat, t. p. t. Co. seat. Co. seat, p. o. Co. seat p. 0. p. t. p. t. p. t. Co. seat p. t. P.O. t. p. t. P.O. Co. seat, t. P.O. p. t. t. p. t. p. t. p. o. Village. P.O. Co. seat, t. P.O. p. o. p. o. Name of county in which they are situated Henry, , Jackson, Rush, Wayne, Decatur, Dearborn, Franklin, .... Fountain, .. .. Fulton, Noble Jackson, Spencer, Parke, Boone, Perry, , Allen, Parke, Clinton, Boone, Rush, Putnam Perry, Bartholomew, Decatur, Randolph,... . Washington,.. Wayne, Franklin, Vanderburg,... Rush, Jennings, . . . . Greene, Franklin, .... Knox, Fountain,.. .. Shelby, Hamilton, Marshall, .. . . Lawrence,.... Jennings, , 90 CONSULTING INDEX. E V ^ «2 « J n F m K j E n L h K n D r J m H a K n K b D i L k M h F 1 M k K k G m G a I h G j L k I h 1 1 J k L 1 J b G a E q H a D k G b G e K e J e F r D 1 J p J e I n Names of places. Stateford, .Sliiikard's Mills,.. . Smelsor's Mills Smotber's Creek,... Stnitbfiekl, Smockville, Smyrna, Solon, South Bend, South Hanover,. . . , Sparta,. ., Solon, Somerset, Spartanburg, Spencer, Springfield, Spring Hill, Springville, Springville, vStevens^burgb, vStiiesvilie, Slipps'Hill, Strawtown, Sugar Creek, SulpburHill, Sunman's, Syracuse, Tamarack, Taylorsville, Terre Coupee, Terre Haute, Tborntown, Tiptonsport, Tracy, Treaty Ground, Troy, Turman's Creek, . . . . Utica, Utica, Vallonia, p. o. p. o, p. o. p. o. p, t. p. t. t. t. Co. seat, p. t. p. t. t. t. t. Co. seat p. t. p. t. p. t. t. t. p. t. p. o. p. t. p. o. p. o. p. o. p. t. p. o. t. p. t. Co. seat p. t. p. t. t. p. o. p. t. p. o. p. t. t. p. t. Name of county in which they are situated Jackson, , Greene,.. .. . Rush, Daviess, , Delaware,..., Jefferson,... Vanderburg,, Jennings, .. , St. Joseph,.. I efferson, . . , Noble, V'ermillion,.. Franklin, .. . Randolph,.. . Owen, Franklin,... . Decatur, Lawrence,... Laporte, Hamilton,.... Hendricks,.. Franklin, .. . Hamilton,.. , Hancock,.. , Shelby, Ripley, Kosciusko,.., St. Joseph,., Warrick,... . St. Joseph,.. Vigo, Boone, , Carroll, Huntington,, Wabash,... . Perry, Sullivan,, . . Clarke, Wabash,... . Jackson, CONSULTING INDEX. 91 E b E k J m L m C r L J L Names of places. D o L a J e K j M g J c E o K e J 1 L J E E d F D G I C r G a D e H e J d K F D K 1 D n D i L k Kg Valparaiso, Co. seat. Van Buren, | p. o. Vernon, Co. seat. Versailles, Co. seat. Verona, | t. Vevai/, ,Co. seat. Vienna, p. t. Vienna, t. Viucennes, Co. seat. Vistula, t. Wabash, Co. seat. Vi^alkers, p. o. *VVard, p. t. Warsaw, Co. seat. Washington, Co. seat. Warren,. t. Warrickton, t. Warrington, t. Washington, p. t. Waterloo, p. t. Waterloo, t. Waveland, t. Waynetown, p. t. West Bedford, p. t. West Creek, p. o. West Delphi, t. Wesi field, p. t. West Franklin, p. t. West Hamilton,. ... t. West Lebanon, p. t. West Logan, t. Westminster, t. Westminster, t. West Point, p. t. West Port t. West Port, t. West Union, p. o. West Union, t. West Union, t. Wheeling, t. Name of county in which they are situated Porter, Clay, 'ennings,... . Riplpy, , Vanderburg,. Switzerland,. Scott, Rush, Knox, La Grange,.. Wabash, Rush, Randolph,.... Kosciusko,. . Daviess, Huntington,.. VV arrick, . . . . Hancock, . . . Wayne, Fayette, .... Elkhart, Montgomery, ftlontgonierv. White...... \ Lake, Carroll Hamilton,. . . Posey, La Poite,. . . Warren, Cass, Kosciusko,. . La Grange,. . Tippecanoe,. Parke Decatur, Knox, , Parke, Fayette, Delaware, . . , 92 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of places. M i Whitewater, J d Whitley, I k *VVilliamsburgh,.. .. M i Williamsburgh,. ... E g Williamspori, , I a Williamsport, K k Williamstown,. E k *Williamstown,. ..., M m Wilmington, J j Wilmington, M h Winchester, , L h Windsor, , K nWirt, K b Wolf Lake, I k Woodruff' 6, I n Woodville, I j Wrightsdale, G d Wyoming, , M 1 York Ridge,. K h Yorktown, K m *Zena3, G f Zenia P.O. p. t. p. t. p. t. Co. seat. t. p. t. p. t. p. t. t. Co. seat p. t. p. I. p. o. p.o. p. o. p. t. t, p.o. p. t. p. t. p. t. Name of county in which they are situated Wayne, . . Whitley,. Johnson,. Wayne,. . Warren,. , Elkhart,., Decatur,., Clay,. .. Dearborn, Rush,... Randolph, Randolph, Jefferson,, Noble,..., Johnson,. Jackson,., Shelby,.., White,... Dearborn, Delaware, Jennings,, Carroll,.. 65 113 29 57 516 72 645 1521 47| 60 633 105 531 37 97, 523 65 136 29 74 13 92 89 53 70 55 186 544 Depart/>) LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 016 095 048 1 ^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 016 095 048 1 #