LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. ^aft^^nf^n0 f o UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. RANDALL'S -:^v-.sh> TABULATED United States , history. 7/SAc LIMA, OHIO: EVENING TIMES, PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 1885. J COPYRIGHT, 1885. By DCCCr^ll^. RANDALL.-i N tZTF [n the Office of the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C. PREFACE. It has been the experience of the author, through a long course of study, and also as a teacher, to learn that the study of history to pupils is a dry and tedious undertaking, and that this dislike is owing to the fact that the histories heretofore published for the common schools contain too many words for the amount of matter. Very often pupils have to read five or six pages to learn what might have been expressed in twenty words ; this not only confuses him in learning his lesson, but takes time from his other studies. Therefore, in presenting this little book to the public, we hope to lay a true foundation for the study of United States History in as few words as possible. The author will consider it a great favor to be informed of whatever mis- takes may have been made in the preparation of this work. Don W. Randall. The Times Co., Printers and Binders, Lima, Ohio. 1885. I LESSON I. I KINDS OF HISTORY. i Q. What is history ? A. A record of the past. Q. How is history generally divided ? A. Into two principal kinds — Ancient and Modern ; these are subdivided into Civil, Sacred and Profane. Q. What is Ancient history ? A. A record of events from the creation of the World to the birth of Christ. Q. What is Modern history ? A. A record of events from the birth of Christ to the present time. Q. What is Civil history ? A. A history of empires, kingdoms and states. Q. What is Sacred history ? A. It is that which is recorded in the Bible. Q. What is Profane history ? A. It is a history of fabulous gods and heroes of antiquity. r Civil. Ancient. } Sacred. (^ Profane, r Civil. Modern, -j Sacred. ( Profane. Kinds of History. 6 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON IL HISTORY OF AMERICA PREVIOUS TO COLUMBUS' DISCOVERIES. America was called by the Northmen " Vinland." Herjulfson, a Norse navigator, discovered Labrador in the year 986. ' Labrador. Massachusetts. Leif Erickson, in 100 1, discovered^ Rhode Island. New York Harbor, so said. Thorwald Erickson, in 1C02, discovered-^ »l ', Thorstein Erickson, in 1005, discovered America. 4 Massachusetts. Thorfinn Karlsefne, in 1007, discovered \ Rhode Island. ( Virginia, so said. In 1347 a Norwegian ship visited Labrador and the north- eastern part of the U. S. In 1350 Greenland and Vinland were depopulated by a great plague which spread thitner from Norway. From that time the history of the New World ceased until Columbus dis- covered San Salvador. PRONUNCIATIONS. Herjulfson Har-yoolf-sun Erickson Er-icks-sun Thorfinn Karlsefne Tor-fin Kahrl-sef-ne LESSON IIL THE ELEVEN FAMILIES INTO WHICH THE AMERICAN INDIANS WERE DIVIDED AT THE DISCOVERY MADE BY COLUMBUS. Name. [Cotfimit, Spell and Pronounce.) Pronunciation. Iroquois Ir-o-kwah Algonquin Al-zohn-ken Cherokee Cher-o-ke Catawba Ka-ta-ba Mobilian . . , Mo-bel-yan RANDALL'S U. S HISTORY. 7 Dakota Da-ko-ta Athapascan Ath-a-pas-kan Shoshone Shos-hon Esquimaux Es-ki-mo Aztec Az-tek Mayas Ma-az Red Jacket. Joseph Brant. Metacom, called King Philip. Tecumseh. LESSON IV. NAMES OF NOTED INDIANS. ( Commit and Spell.) Black Hawk. Powhatan. Osceola. Massasoit. Opecancanough. Pontiac. Pocahontas, the daughter of Pow- hatan. Montezuma. LESSON V. THE EARLY DISCOVERERS. Columbus , . . . . Columbus John Cabot .... James Cartier . . . Juan Ponce de Leon De Soto Balboa Fernandes de Cordova Samuel de Champlain NATION. Spanish Spanish English French Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish French DISCOVERY. West Indies . . . South America . . North America . . St. Lawrence river Florida Mississippi river . Pacific Ocean . . Yucatan .... Lake Champlain . Oct. 12, 1492 Aug. I, 1498 1497. 1534. 1512. 1541. 1513- 1517- 1609. PRONUNCIATIONS. James Cartier James Kar-te-a Juan Ponce de Leon Hoo-an-pon-tha-da-la-on RANDALL'S U. S HISTORY. LESSON VL Name of Explorer. Under what Authority. Christopher Isabella Columbus. Juan Ponce DE Leon. (Hoo-an-pon-tha-da la- on.) queen of Castile. His own private expedi- tion. THE exploration. Started on his first voyage to America from the port of Palos, August 3, 1492 ; dis- covered Guanahani, or San Salvador, October 12, 1492 ; discovered Cuba, October 28, 1492. Made a second voy- age, 1493, discovering the Windward group, and the is- lands of Jamaica and Porto Rico. Made a third voyage, 1498, discovering the main- land of South America, near the mouth of the Oronoco. Made a fourth voyage (date unknown) exploring the West Indies and a part of the coast of Darien. Died May 20, 1506. Set sail from Porto Rico in 15 12; discovered and named Florida ; explored the coun- try and returned to Porto Rico The king of Spain rewarded de Leon with the governor- ship of Florida. He reach- ed his province in 1521, but was soon mortally wounded by the natives, in a battle, and carried to Cuba to die. Time, About 14 Years. 9 Years. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON VIL Name of Explorer. A^u'JhoSy.^ THE EXPLORATION. Ferdinand Magellan. Charles V. of Spain. De Narvaez. (Da-nahr-va-eth.) Charles V. of Spain. Time. He Started from Seville in August, 1519; explored the coast of South America ; dis- covered and named the strait of Magellan. Passed into the Pacific and discovered several groups of islands ; j About x was killed in a battle with the ! Years. natives of the Philippine is- lands, in 1520. The crew reached Spain in September, 1522. This was the first circumnavigation of the Globe. He was appointed govern- or of Florida by Charles V. of Spain. Arrived at Florida in April, 1528, with 260 sold- iers and 40 horsemen ; wan- dered several years in the swamps in search of gold; put to sea, arriving six years afterward at San Miguel, on the Pacific coast, with only four survivors. De Narvaez was among the lost. Not known. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON VIIL Name Of Explorer. Un^d—h^^^^ Fernando de Soto. Charles V. of Spain. THE EXPLORATION. Time. He was a Spanish explorer. He selected an army of 600 men to explore and colonize Florida. He left the harbor of San Lucar in 1537 and soon came lo Cuba Leav- ing Havana in October, 1539. shordy after landed at Tampa Bay. They spent the winter on the banks of the Flint River In 1540 they were all lost in the forest by a crazy Indian guide. They discov- ered the Mississippi River, near the southern boundary of Tennessee, 1541. They explored considerable of coun- try west of the great river De Soto died of a fever and was buried in the Mississippi river, near Natchez, 1542. De Soto named Moscoso as his successor. On the 2d day of July, 1543, they start- ed for the gulf of Mexico, fi- nally reaching the settlement at the mouth of the River of Palms. About 6 Years. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON IX. II ,., rT7 1 Under what Name of Explorer. Authority. Gasper Cor- TEREAL . King of Portugal Francis Giovanni j Verazzano. king of (Jo-van-nee Ver-rat- pj-^jjce THE EXPLORATION. In the summer of 1541, with two vessels, made a voy- age to America. Reached Maine in July and explored about 700 miles of the coast. Kidnapped 50 Indians and took them to Portugal and sold them for slaves In the year 1524 he ex- plored the eastern part of U. S.'in search of a passage to Catha (or China). Enter- ed and explored New York Bay ; named the country which he explored New France. Gives us the earli- est description of the eastern borders of the United States. Time. Unknown About 6 months. 12 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON X. Name of Explorer. Un^J-^;^- James Car- tier, (Kar-te-a.) King of France. THE EXPLORATION. Time. He arrived at Newfound- 1 land, May lo, 1534; circum- j navigated the island ; crossed | the gulf of St. Lawrence; dis- 1 covered and named the St. i Lawrence river and the bays ' of Chaleur and Gaspe. Sup- j About i posing himself to be on a di- Year and rect course to China he sailed j 2 up the St. Lawrence until he could see land on either side. Made a second voyage in 1535, discovering the island of Montreal. Spent the ^ winter at Orleans, which he i named the Isle of Bacchus. | Made attempts at coloniza- 1 tion, which proved to be a failure, and he and his crew returned home. Months. RANDALL'S U. S. HLSTORY. LESSON XL 13 Name of Explorer. AljlhoSy.^ THE EXPLORATION. Samuel de Champlain. Henry IV. of France. Crossed the Atlantic in j 1603 for the purpose of es- 1 tablishing a trading post on j the St. Lawrence river. S di- ed up the river and selected the place where Quebec now stands upon which to build a fort. Returned to France and published an account of his explorations. In 1608 he again came to \ America and, July 3d, laid \ the foundation of Quebec, j In 1609 he discovered Lake ! Champlain. In 1615 discov- 1 ered Lakes Huron and Onta- i rio. Became governor of Quebec. Died, 1635. Time. About Years. 14 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XIL SETTLEMENT OF ST. AUGUSTINE. Q. Who were the Huguenots ? A. They were French Protestants who came to Florida to avoid religious persecution. Q. Where did they begin their settlement ? A. On the bank of the river St. John. Q. What was the fate of this colony ? A. It was destroyed by Pedro Melendez, who, with 500 soldiers, massacred 142 men, women and children. Q. What did Melendez say he murdered them for? A. He said not because they were French, but because they were Protestants. Q. What did Melendez do with several hundred of the Huguenots who had resorted to their vessels at sea? A. After surrendering through the promises of Melendez, he had them murdered in cold blood. Q. Wnat town did Melendez found ? A. St Augustine, the oldest town in the U. S., 1565. Q. What did Gascon Dominique de Gourgues do? A. He sold his own property and procured three vessels, and with 150 men, sailed for Florida; and with the help of the Indians, captured the Spanish forts upon the river May (or St. John). Q. What was done with the prisoners ? A. They were hanged upon the tree under which Melen- dez had murdered the Huguenots. PRONUNCIATIONS. Huguenots Hu-ge-nots Melendez Mel-en-dez Gascon Dominique de Gourgues .... Do-me-nek-da-goorg CHAPTER Xin. SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA. Q. When and where did the English attempt to make their first settlement in America ? RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 15 A In 1584, on the Isle of Roanoke. Q. Who sent this company to America? A. Sir Waher Raleigh. Q. How many vessels were sent on this voyage? A Two. Q. Who had command of the expedition ? A. Philip Amidas and Arthur Barlow. Q. What was the result of this expedition ? A. After making a few explorations they returned to Eng- land without founding a colony. Q. Wlien did Raleigh send out his second company ? A. In 1^85. Q. Where did they land ? A. The same as the first, on Roanoke Isle. Q. How many vessels and men were taken in this expe- dition? A. Seven vessels and 150 men. Q. What was the fate of this party ? A. Starvation and the hostilities of the Indians compelled them to return to England. Q. What was the first permanent English settlement in America ? A. The settlement of Jamestown, 1607. Q. Under what authority was this settlement made ? A. The London Company. Q. What was the character of the setders of Jamestown ? A. Forty-eight were indolent gentlemen, twelve field la- borers, four meclianics, and the remainder were soldiers and servants. Q. How many were there, in all ? A. 105. Q. Tell some of the troubles of the colonists. A. Want of food and good water caused over half of the colonists to die within six months after they landed. Q. What distinguished man was with the first settlers ? A. Captain John Smith. Q. For what may this man be noted ? A. For the great energy and success with which he gov- erned the affairs of Jamestown. Q. What is related of Smith, while on an expedition up the Chickahominy ? i6 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. A. He was captured by the Indians and carried before Powhatan, an Algonquin chief, and condemned to death. His head was placed on a rock, and a warrior raised a club to crush the head of Smith. Q. What prevented his being killed ? A. Pocahontas, Powhatan's favorite daughter, got Smith's head in her arms, and by her tears and entreaties succeeded in saving his life. Q. Whom did Pocahontas marry? A. John Rolfe. Q. Where did she die ? A. At Gravesend, leaving a son, from whom descended some of the most eminent families of Virginia. Q. When and by whom was slavery introduced ? A. In 1619 a Dutch vessel, from the coast of Guinea, sailed up the James river with 20 negroes, and sold them to the planters. Q. What happened to the colony at Jamestown, March 22, 1623 ? A. They were attacked by the Indians and in one hour 347 men, women, and children, were killed. Q. What followed this massacre ? A. A war of extermination against the Indians. Q. What rebellion took place in 1676? A. Bacon's Rebellion. Q. What was the result of diis rebellion ? A. The country was laid waste, and Jamestown burned. Q. What terminated this rebellion ? A The death of Bacon. LESSON XIV. GOVERNMENT OF VIRGINIA. FIRST CHARTER. Q. How many charters had the London Company? A. Three. The first contained no form of self government ; none of the officers were chosen by the people ; the king was to appoint two councils ; one was to remain in London and have RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 17 control of all the colonies, while the other was to reside one in each colony and control its local affairs. Q. What was the date of the first charter? A. In April, 1606. Q. What territory was granted the London Company ? A. All the territory between the southern limits of Mary- land and Cape Fear. SECOND CHARTER. Q. What was the nature of the second charter ? A. The grant of territory was changed so as to extend from Cape Fear to Sandy Hook, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. The authority was vested in a governor instead of a local council. The council resident in London was em- powered to elect the governor. Q, What was the date of the second charter? A. May 23, 1609. CHAPTER XV. THIRD CHARTER. Q. What was the date of the third charter? A. in the early part of 1612. Q. What changes were made in this charter? A The council resident in London was to be abolished, and the stockholders of the London Company were empowered ,0 elect their own officers, and regulate the affairs of the colony themselves. Q. What did Governor Yeardly do in 16 19? A. He divided the plantations into eleven districts, called burroughs, and ordered an election of two from each burrough to take part in the government. Q. W^hen was the Virginia House of Burgesses organized ? A. July 30, 1619. Q. For what may this assemby be noted ? A. For the first popular assemby in America. Q. Tell something of the powers of this assembly. A. They had freedom of debate, but very little power, politically. i8 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. Q. What changes were made in July 1621 ? A. The London Company gave Virginia a written code of laws, framed according to the English constitution, Q. Tell something of the government under this code. A. The governor was to be appointed by the Company. The Company was to appoint a council, also. The people were empowered to elect a House of Burgesses. Laws, when pass- ed, were sent to England to be ratified. It acknowledged the right of petition. It gave the right of trial by jury. The Bur- gesses could veto the .acts of the Company. Q, When did Virginia become a royal government? A. In June, 1624. Q. What change did this make ? A. The London Company ceased to exist, but the rights of the colony remained unchanged. LESSON XVL SETTLEMENT OF NEW ENGLAND. Q. Who were the Pilgrims, or Puritans ? A. They were English people who came to America to avoid religious persecutions. Q. What did they believe ? A. They believed that every man has a right to know the truth of the Scriptures and worship according to the dictates of his own conscience. Q. Where had they gone previous to their removal to America? A. To Leyden, Holland. Q. What was the name of the vessel in which they came to America ? A. The Mayflower. Q. How many pilgrims were there ? A. 102. Q. Where did they land in America ? A. On the shore of Massachusetts, at a place they called Plymouth, in honor of the place in England from which they started. Q. What was the date of the landing of the Pilgrims ? RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 19 A. Dec. 2T, 1620. Q. Who visited the Pilgrims in 1621 ? A. Tiie Indian chief, Massasoit, from whom Massachu- setts derives its name. Q. What did they do with their property ? A. It was held in common. Q. Tell something of their sufferings. A. During the first four months nearly one-half of their number died. Q, How long did their sufferings continue ? A. Four years, after which they were prosperous. Q. W'ho was their first governor ? A. John Carver. Q. What kind of laws did they form ? A. They made a charter for themselves in which they de- clared their loyalty to the King of England and agreed to live m peace and harmony. Q. Who signed this charter? A. The heads of all the families — in all forty-one. Q. When and where was Connecticut settled? A. At Windsor, Hartford and Weathersfield, 1636. Q, By whom was Rhode Island settled ? A. By Roger Williams, 1636. Q. Why did W illiams go to Rhode Island ? A. On account of religious trouble. Q. By whom was the first settlement in New Hampshire made ? A. By Wheelright and his followers, who were banished from Massachusetts on account of their religious belief. Q. Who made the first settlement in Maine ? A. Ferdinand Georges, 1636. Q. In what war were the New England states engaged? A. King Philip's War. Q. Who was King Philip ? A. He was the son of Massasoit, chief of the Wampan- oags ? Q. What is this war noted for? A. For its cruelty on both sides. Q. What brought the war to a close ? A. The death of Philip, who was shot by one of his own men. 20 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. Q. When and where was the first printing press establish- ed in America? A. At Cambridge, Mass., 1639. Q. When was Harvard University founded ? A. In 1638, at Cambridge. LESSON XVII. SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN STATES. Q. By whom was New York settled ? A. By the Dutch, in 1614, near the present site of Al- bany ; also on Manhattan Island, where New York now stands, and called it New Amsterdam. Q. For whom was the Hudson river named ? A. P^or Henry Hudson. He was the first Englishman who entered that river. Q. What occurred in 1664? A The English conquered New Amsterdam and the name was changed to New York, in honor of the Duke of York. Q. By whom was Delaware settled? A. By the Swedes and Finns, near the entrance of the Delaware Bay, where they laid the foundation of Lewistown, 1630. Q. What happened to this settlement ? A. A few years afterward the governor of New Nether- lands, Stuyvesant, conquered the Swedes and Finns. Q. What was New Netherlands ? A. It was the name given by the Dutch to that part of the country lying between Passamaquoddy Bay and the Delaware river. Q. By whom was Maryland settled ? A. By the Roman Catholics, under Lord Baltimore, 1633. Q. Where did they begin their settlement ? A. At St. Marys. Q. What kind of government had Lord Baltimore ? A, It was established on the most liberal principles ; no one was molested on account of his religious opinion ; all were RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 21 permitted to worship according to the dictates of their own con- science. Civil and reh'gious liberty was proclaimed. By whom was Pennsylvania settled ? By William Penn, at Philadelphia, in 1681. What was the nature of this government ? It was similar to that of Lord Baltimore. Civil and religious freedom was tolerated. Ci- By whom was North Carolina settled ? By a colony from Virginia. 1650, near Albemarle sound. When was South Carolina setded ? Where Charleston now stands, 1680. By whom was Georgia settled ? In 1732, by James Edward Oglethrope. For what is Oglethrope noted ? For his influence in releasing prisoners for debt and Q. A. Q A. A. Q- A. Q- A. Q. A. small offenses. LESSON XVIII. BATTLES OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. Battles. Date. British Com. F. & I. Com. B. loss F.&I. loss. Victors. Great Mead- ows or Ft. Necessity. ri7';4 Washingt 'n M.DVillers F.& I. Braddock's de- Defeat. '."'iTSS Braddock Contrecoeur 500 F.& I. Lake George. j*^i7SS Johnson Dieskan 300 IOC British Ticonderoga. -1758 Amber- crombie 1900 F.&I. Quebec. ^•759 Wolfe Montcalm 600 1500 British Siege of Louisburg. Siege of Ft. Wm. Henry The siege of Louisburg lasted from June 3d, 1758, to July 28th, 1758. The British fleet, consisting of thirty-eight ships of war, was com- manded by Gen. Amherst. Bridsh victory. The siege of Ft. William Henry lasted from August 3d to 9th, 1757, and was a French and Indian victory. The French commander was Montcalm : the British, Col. Monroe. 22 RANDALL'S U. S. HISI'ORY. LESSON XIX. GENERAL QUESTIONS. Q. What was the cause of the French and Indian war? A Disputed territory. Q. Locate the disputed territory. A. Jt extended north of the Ohio river to the great hkes and west of the Allegheny mountains. Q. What did the French endeavor to do? A. They tried to connect their possessions by building forts along the Ohio river and establishing military posts from the Ohio across the country to the lakes. Q. What did Governor Dinwiddle do ? A. He sent George Washington, a young man 21 years of age, to ask their removal. Q. How did Washington travel on this occasion ? A. He had gone but a short distance when his horse failed, after which he completed the journey on foot, the dis- tance being about 400 miles Q. VVhen Washington delivered his message to the French commander what was the reply ? A. He said that he had no authority to discuss treaties ; that he acted under the authority of the Governor-General, Marquis Du Quesne. Q. What was done immediately after this reply? A, The governor of Virginia organized a regiment to de fend Great Britain in her claims. Q. Who were the commanders of this regiment ? A. Fry was appointed colonel and Washington lieutenant- colonel, but Fry died soon afterward and the command fell on Washington. Q. After the battle of Great Meadows who took command of the English forces? A. General Braddock. Q. Describe the battle of Braddock's Defeat. A. When within a mile of Fort du Quesne a body of French and Indians, in ambush, suddenly rushed upon Brad- dock's forces, killing one-half of his troops. Out of eighty-five officers but twenty-one survived. Washington had four balls shot through his clothes. Braddock was mortally wounded ; he was buried during the retreat, and Washington ordered the wag- RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 23 ons to pass over his grave that his body might not fall into the hands of the Indians. Q. Where was Fort Duquesne ? A. Where the present city of Pittsburgh now stands. Q. Describe the Ruin of Arcadia. A. The innocent people were kidnapped, hurried on board of ships, and transported, some to every British colony in Amer- ica. Wives were separated from their husbands, and children from their parents, never to see each other again. Q. Why was this cruel act done? A. Because they would not take an oath of allegiance to Great Britain. Q. Describe the death "of Dieskan. A. He was wounded in the battle of Lake George. A French soldier, fighting with the English, found him leaning against a stump. Dieskan felt for his watch, to reconcile his enemy, but the soldier, supposing he was reaching for a pistol, shot him. Q. What two generals were killed in the battle of Quebec? A. Gen. Wolfe and Gen. Montcalm. Q. What were Wolfe's dying words ? A. Hearing the soldiers shout "they fly ! they fly !" he asked "who fiy ?" When told it was the French he said, "God be praised, I die happy." Q. What were Montcalm's dying words? Q. When told that he could live only a few moments, he said, "so much the better ; I shalll not see the surrender of Quebec." Q. What was the treaty of peace at the close of the French and Indian war ? A. The French gave up all the territory east of the Miss- issippi, except two small islands south of Newfoundland. Spain ceded Florida to England in exchange for Cuba. Q. When and where was this treaty made ? A. On the loth of February, 1763, at Paris. Q. What was the extent of the British possessions after this treaty ? A. They extended from the Gulf of Mexico to the Polar sea, and from the Mississippi river to the Atlantic ocean. 24 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XX. BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION Battles. Date. American Com. British Com. A. loss B. loss 273 Victor Lexington ^9^775 Parker , . Pitcairn . . 88 A. Bunker Hill . 17^775 Prescott [ery. Howe . . . 1054 420 B. Quebec . . . yii775 1 Montgom- ( Arnold . Carlton . . B Ft. Moultrie . ?8i776 Moultrie . . Clinton . . r Howe 32 200 A. Long Island . f|i776 Washington } Clinton ( Cornwallis TOGO 400 B. White Plains J-1776 Washington Howe . . . Unde- cided. Princeton . . T1777 Washington Cornwallis •. Cornwallis 430 A. Brandywine . ^71777 Washington I Clinton 1000 584 B. Germantown T1777 Washington Howe . . . 1200 535 B. Bennington . r|i777 Stark . . . Baum . . . 800 A. Stillwater, or | Saratoga \ Mi 777 Gates . . . Burgoyne . A. "7VI777 Gates . . . Burgoyne . A. Monmouth . J-1778 Washington Clinton . . 227 300 Undec Stony Point . 211779 Wayne . . Johnson . . A. Paul Jones' na- val battle . II1779 Paul Jones , Pearson . . A. Charleston seige TinSo Lincoln . . Cornwallis . B. Camden . . r|i78o Gates . . . Cornwallis . 2000 B. Kings Mount'n <;-i78o Campbell . Ferguson . . A. Cowpens . . f^78i Morgan . . Tarleton . . 80 800 A. Eutaw Sprmgs ^^^1781 Greene . . Cornwallis . 555 700 A. Siege of York- town . . . ?Si78i Washington Cornwallis . A. Savannah . . S1782 A. A. LESSON XXL GENERAL QUESTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION, ETC. What were the Writs of Assistance? Writings authorizing the King's officers to search for RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 25 smuggled goods. This authorized them to enter a mau's house house at his pleasure. Q,. What was the Stamp Act ? A. It was au act, passed in 1765, that all deeds, bonds, newspapers and pam})hlets should be Avritten on stamped paper. Jt was repealed by Jr'arliaraent in 1766. Q, What other attempt was made by Parliament to tax the colonies? A A duty was laid on tea, glass, paper, painters' colors, &c. Q How did the colonists regard this act? A, They regarded it as a great imposition, and did all they could in opp(;sition to it. Q What was done at Boston ? A. The colonists, disguised as Indians, boarded the vessels and threw 350 chests of tea, with which the vessels were loaded, into the sea. Q. vVhat was the Mutiny A.ct? A. Au act of Parliament forbidding the landing of goods in Boston. Q. Who was first President of the Continental Congress ? A. Peyton Randolph, of Virginia. Q. At what date and \vhere did the first Continental Con- gress meet? A. At Philadelphia, September 5th, 1774. Q. V/hat did they do at this meeting ? A. They voted not to obey the recent acts of Parliament, and sustained Massachusetts in her resistance, and agreed to hold no intercourse with Great Britain. Q. Who cummanded the British army at the beginning of the Revolution ? A. General Gage. Q. When did George Washington take command of the American forces ? A. June 15th, 1775, consisting of 14,000 men. Q. What American General was killed at the battle of Bunker Hill ? A. General Warren. Q. About this time what did the Americans do ? A. Crown Point and several other forts and magazines in the possession of the English were seized by the Ameri- cans. 26 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. Q. To whom weie Ticonderoga and Crown Point surren- dered ? A. To Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold. Q. What did Allen say when asked by what authority he demanded the surrender of Ticonderoga ? A. Re said, "I demand it in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." Q. In what battle was General Montgomery killed ? A. In the battle of Quebec. Q. During the battle of Bunker's Hill what town was set on fire ? A. Charleston. Q. What motion was made by Eichard Henry Lee and seconded by John Adams, (m the 7th of June, 1776 ? A. "That the United Colonies are, and ought to be. free and iudependent States, and that their connection with Great Britain is, and ought to be, dissolved." Q. When did the Declaration of Independence take place ? A. The 4th of July, 1776. Q. Who were appointed to draw up the Declaration of In- dependence ? A. Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. Q. A¥ho penned the Declaration of Independence ? A. Thomas Jefferson. Q. How many colonies were there at the time of the Dec- laration ? A. Thirteen. Q. What were these colonies declared to be ? A. Free, Sovereign and Independent States. LESSON XXII. Q. What are the names of the thirteen original States and when settled ? A. Massachusetts, settled in 1620; New Hampshire, 1623; Rhode Island, 1636; Connecticut, 1633; New York, 1613; Maryland, 1634; Delaware, 1638; New Jersey, 1664; Penn- sylvania, 1682 ; Virginia, 1607 ; North Carolina, 1663 ; South Carolina, 1670; Georgia, 1733. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 27 . LESSON XXIII. Q. What v;as the eftbct of the Declaration of Independence? A. By it all connection with Great Britain was forever dissolved. Q Who signed the Declaration of Independence, aud when ? A. The fifty-six members of Congress, August 2d, 1776. Q. After the Declaration what became necessary ? A. That articles of government should be drawn. Q What name was given to these articles? A. Articles of Confederation ? Q; When were they to take effect? •A. W^hen ratified by all the States. Q. What State consented last ? A- Rhode Island. Q. What were the articles of Confederation ? A. They were the laws by which the United States w^ere governed previcius to the adoption of the present Constitution. Q, What great difficulty arose with regard to the Articles of Confederation ? A They gave no actual power to Congress. Q, Wh«t was the first battle after the Declaration of In- dependence ? A, The battle of Long Island. Q. When did Philadelphia surrender to tlie British ? A. September 26th, 1777. Q, What dariug exploit was done by Col. Barton ? A. He and forty soldiers crossed from Warwick to the island of Rhode to the British camp, and proceeding to General Prescott's lodgings made him a prisoner and returned. Q. What was the principal object in capturing General Prescott ? A. To have an officer who was equal in rank to Gen. Lee, that they might exchange. Q. Where was General Lee captured ? A. At Baskenridge. Q. Why did General Washington refuse to receive certain letters from General Howe ? A. Because they were directed to George Washington in- stead of General Washington. 28 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. Q. How did Hovre then direct a second message ? A. To "George Washington, etc., etc., etc.," the bearer insisting that the and-so-forth might mean the General of the American army But Washington still refused and sent the bearer away. Q. Who were the Hessians ? A. German soldiers, hired by England to fight against the Americans. Q. What General was killed in the battle of Princeton ? A. General Mercer, of Virginia. Q. What two distinguished foreigners served the Ameri- cans in the battle of Brajidywine ? A. La i^'ayette, of France, and Pulaski, of Poland • La Fayette being wounded. Q. In what battle was Pulaski killed ? A. In the battle of Savannah. Q. To whom did Burgoyne surrender ? A. To General Gates, at Saratoga, October 17th, 1777- Q. What agreement was made in the surrender ? A. That the British should give up their arms and ammuni- tion, return to England and take no more part in the war. Q Where were Washington's quarters during the winter of 1777-1778 ? A. In Valley Forge. Q. What was their condition ? A. They had little clothing, no blankets, and not even straw to sleep on ; some were barefooted ; their feet were so sore that they could be tracked by the blood. LESSON XXIV. Q. Whom did Congress appoint to solicit aid from the French government? A. Benjamin Franklin, Silas Dean, and Arthur Lee. Q. Did they succeed? A. Yes Q. How long did the British hold Philadelphia ? A. Nine months. Q. In the battle of Monmouth what act of bravery was performed by Mary Pitcher ? RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 29 A. Her husband, an artilleryman, was shot and the com- mander ordered the piece removed from the field, but she hur- ried to the cannon, and, seizing the rammer, bravely performed her husband's duty. Q. How did Washington reward her for her bravery? A. He appointed her as sergeant in the army, with half pay through life. The soldiers called her "Major Molly." Q. When was the massacre of Wyoming ? A. July 3d, 1778, in Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania. Q. Describe the Wyoming Massacre. A. 1,600 Indians and Tories, commanded by John liutler, ravaged the country, killing old men, women and children. Q. What was Paul Jones' most memorable victory ? A. The capture of the Serapis, off the coast of Scotland. Q. What was the result of the siege of Charleston ? A. Gen Lincoln was compelled to surrender his troops, numbering 2,000, to the British. Q. Describe the massacre of Maxhaw Creek. A. Col. Tarleton, with a body of British, alter compelling 400 Americans to surrender, murdered them. Q. What assistance did the Americans receive in 1780 ? A. A French fleet, under the command of De Ternay, landed at Rhode Island with 6,000 troops. Q. Who commanded the troops ? A. Count de Rochambeau. Q. For wliat great treachery was the year 1780 noted ? A. For the treachery of Gen. Arnold. Q. What did Arnold try to do ? A. He tried to betray West Point into the hands of the British. Q. What reason had Arnold for resorting to this treach- ery ? A. By gambling and extravagant living he had become greatly involved, and had appropriated public money to his own use. For this the commander-in-chief had him tried, and sen- tenced upon him a reprmiand; and for this reason Arnold determined to have revenge. Q. With whom did Arnold hold an interview ? A. With John Andre, a British major. Q. To what extent did they succeed ? A. Andre had obtained the required information and was 30 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. on his way to New York when he was arrested by three soldiers who searchEd him, and found a drawing of West Point and other papers concealed in his boots. He offered them a purse of gold and a watch if they would release him, but they loved their country better than gold. Q. Give the date of this occurrence. A. September 23d, 1780. LESSON XXV. Q. Under vv^hat terras did Washington agree to release Andre ? A. He offered to exchange him for Arnold ; but this Clin- ton, the British general, would not do. Q. What was the fate of Andre ? A. He was hanged as a spy, at Tappan, New Jersey. Q. What became of Arnold ? A. He escaped to New York, and as a reward for his treachery received an appointment as general in the British army, and 830,000. Q. What were the names of the soldiers who captured Andre ? A. John Paulding, David Williams, and Isaac Van Wart. Q. How were they rewarded ? A. They received a medal inscribed on one side the motto "Fidelity," and on the other, ''The Love of Country Conquers." They also received a pension of $200 each for life. Q. Did Gen. Green ever gain a decided victory ? A. No ; but Congress voted the highest honors to him for his bravery, prudence and wisdom as a general. Q. What event brought the Revolution to a close ? A. The surrender of Cornwallis to Gen. Washington, at Yorktown, October 19th, 1781. Q. How many British troops were surrendered ? A. About 7,000. Q. Give the amount of military stores taken. A. Seventy-five brass and one hundred and sixty-nine iron cannon, and 7,794 muskets, besides other valuable articles. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 31 Q. What did Washington order immediately after the sur- render of Cornwallis ? A. He ordered divine service to be held in the different brigades of the army. Q. What was done by Congress ? A. It recommended a day of thanksgiving in the United State?. Q. When and where was the treaty of peace signed ? A. At Paris, September 3d, 1783. Q. With what American commissioners was the treaty of peace negotiated ? A, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Lawrence, and John Jay. Q. By the terms of the treaty what was the boundary of the United States ? A. The northern boundary was the great lakes and the present northern boundary of New York, Vermont, New Hamp- shire and Maine; the Atlantic, the eastern; the southern bound- ary was the northern boundary of Florida, which at that time extended to the Mississippi ; the western boundary was the Mississippi. Q. How long did the Revolution last? A. About eight years. Q. What did the Revolution cost Great Britain ? A. About $50,000,000. 32 RANDALL'S U S. HISTORY. LESSON XXVL BATTLES OF THR WAR OF l8l2. Battles. Date. U. S. Com. British Com. u.s loss 14 B. loss 79 Victor 1 Constitution I ^ ^ . ' Guerier ^"|l8l2 Hull Dacres U.S. , United States ^ 1 Macedonia '25IS12 1 )ecatur Carden I 2 100 U.S. J Wasp ^^ Frolic ?gl8l2 Jones VVhinyates U.S. 4^ Constitution Java ?-l8l2 Bainbridge U.S. 5^ Peacock Hornet i-1813 Lawrence Peak U.S. ^ Chesapeake < fM 1 Jf I8I3 Lawrence Broke B. 1 Shannon Perry's Victor}^ f^i8i3 Perry Barclay U.S. Frenchtown :'."';i8i3 Winchester Proctor 300 B. York ^^'^1813 Pike Sheaffe U.S. Sackets Harbor ^^•1813 Brown Yeo U.S. Thames Oct, 813 ^1^1814 Harrison Proctor U.S. Chippewa Scott Riall u s. Bridgevvater J«^i8i4 Brown U.S. Plattsburg ^71814 Izard Prevost U.S. Blade nsburg ^,-|i8i4 sc|i8i4 Windser Ross B. Baltimore Strieker Ross U.S. Lundy's Lane ;j|i8i4 9ePl8l4 Scott [gh Riall U.S. Lake Champlain Mc Donou- Downie U.S. New Orleans i-i8is 8 -> Jackson Packenh'm 7 700 U.S. LESSON XXVII. GENERAL QUESTIONS. Q. When was the war of 181 2 declared? A. On the i8th of June, 1812. Q. What was one of the first 0[)erations of the war ? A. General Hull invaded Canada. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 33 Q. With what result ? A. Hull, learning that the British and Indians were prepar- ing to attack him, retreated to Detroit and there drew up his men in line of battle. Although his men were anxious to en- gage in the fight, to their indignation he surrendered Detroit, with its garrisons and stores, and the whole of Michigan Terri- tory, without even stipulating for the honors of war. Q. To whom was this surrender made ? A. To Gen. Brock, Aug. 15. 1812. Q. Where was Gen Brock killed? A. At Queenstown Heights. Q. Whai was done with Gen. Hull for his cowardice at Detroit ? A. He v/as tried by court-martial and sentenced to be shot, but 0!i account of his service \n the Revolution, and his age, he was pardoned by the President, but his name was erased from the roll of officers. Q. What was the opening event of 18 13? A. The battle of Frenchtown. Q. What was the fate of those v/ho surrendered at the battle of Frenchtown ? A. They were nearly all tomahawked and scalped by the Indians, and the treacherous British general did not try to pre- vent their brutish barbarities. Q. What ac(ndent happened at the battle of York ? A. Gen Pike and about 200 of his men were killed by the explosion of the enemy's magazine, which had been ignited by a slow match just before the fort was abandoned. Q. In what engagement was Captain Lawrence mortally wounded, and what were his dying words ? A. In the engagement between the Chespeake and Shan- non. When asked if the colors should be struck, he replied : " Not while I live." And as long as he was able to speak he would cry, " Don't give up the ship." Q. , What was the most brilliant victory of the year 1813? A. Perry's Victory on Lake Erie. Q. Describe the battle of Perry's Victory. A. The American fleet consisted of nine vessels and 54 guns, comm.anded by Commodore Oliver H. Perry, a young man but 28 years of age, and the British fleet consisted of six vessels and sixty-three guns, commanded by Commodore Bar- 34 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. clay. Perry's flag ship, the Lawrence, engaged with two of the heaviest vessels of the enenay and fought until only eight of her men were left. Leaving the Lawrence (Perry, with flag in hand) they were rowed in an open boat to the Niagara, amidst a show- er of shot from the enemy, and in fifteen minutes after the vic- tory was theirs. Q. What noted Indian chief was killed in the battle of the Thames ? A. Tecumseh, by Colonel Johnson, so said. Q. When was Washington City captured ? A. August 24, 1814. Q. \\ hat buildings were burned, and who had it done ? A. The capitol. the treasury, war and navy offices, togeth- er with many private residences and store houses. Gen. Ross commanded it done. Q. Give an account of the battle of Horseshoe Bend. A. The Alabama Indians massacred the garrison at Fort Mimms. Gen. Jackson drove them from place to place, and fi- nally, driving them into their fortification at Horseshoe Bend, his soldiers, with fixed bayonets, scaled their breastworks, and a desperate battle followed, 600 Creeks being killed. Those who escaped were willing to make peace on any terms. Q. When and where was Gen. Ross killed ? A. At Baltimore, Sept. 13, 1814, by an American rifleman. Q. What low acts were committed by Admiral Cockburn? A. He burned bridges, farm-houses and villages in Vir- ginia and Carolina. He robbed the inhabitants, plundered churches, and even murdered the sick in their beds. Q. Of what did Gen. Jackson mke bis breastworks at the battle of New Orleans ? A. Of bales of cotton. Q. What two British generals were mortally wounded in the battle of New Orleans ? A. Gen. Packenham and Gen. Gibbs. Q, When and where was a treaty of peace signed between England and the United States ? A. On December 24th, 1814, at Ghent, (gent) Belgium. Q. Who were the American commissioners appointed to negotiate peace ? A. Henry Clay, Jonathan Russell, John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard and Albert Gallatin. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XXVIIL BATTLES OF THE MEXICAN WAR. 35 Battles. Date. U.S.Com. Mex. Com. U.S. loss. M.loss Victors. Palo Alto I0OI846 Tavior Arista 44 ICO u. s Resac de la Palma 1*1846 Taylor La Vega 121 800 U.S. Monterey I- I 846 Taylor Ampudia 70c 200 U.S. Buena Vista ^t^~r^ 4/ Taylor SantaAnna 723 2000 U.S. Cerro Gordo 1^1847 Scott Santa Anna 431 1200 U.S. Contreras ISI847 Smith Vaiincia 700 U.S. Cnerubusco IS 1 847 ,^<^i847 Scou SantaAnna 1000 600 U.S. Melino del Rey Worth SantaAnna U.S. Chapultepec 1:^1847 Pillow SantaAnna U.S. Capture of the City of Mexico 1:1847 Scott SantaAnna U.S. LESSON XXIX. GENERAL QUESTIONS ON THE MEXICAN WAR. Q. What was Texas formerly ? A. It was a Mexican province Q. When was it made independent of Mexico? A. In 1836. Q. When was Texas admitted into the United States ? A. In 1845. Q. What is noticeable of the victories in the Mexican war A. war ? The United States gained every victory. Who had command of the U. S. forces in the Mexican A. Gen. Taylor in 1846 and Gen. Winfield Scott in 1847. Q. What was the cause of this war ? A. The disputed boundary line between the LTnited States and Mexico. Q. What did the U. S. claim the line to be ? A. The Rio Grande from its source to its mouth Q. What line did Mexico claim ? 36 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. A. The River Nueces. Q. Whom did the U. S. send as a commissioner to Mexico. A. Mr. Slidel, but the Mexican government would not receive him. Q. In what battle was Major Ringgold killed ? A. In the battle of Palo Aho. Q. What is related of Santa Anna in the battle of Cerro Gordo ? A. In his hurried retreat from the field of butle, he left his carriage- and wooden leg in the hands of rhe enemy, Q. When was a treaty of peace concluded ? A. February 2nd, 1848. Q. In this treaty, to what was agreed ? A. That the Rio Grande should be the western boundary of the disputed territory, and that Mexico should cede to the United States the provinces of New Mexico and California, which embraced also the present State of Nevada and the terri- tories of Utah and Arizona, for the sum of $15,000,000. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XXX. CIVIL WAR. 37 CONFEDERATE VICTORIES. Battles. S'ate SC Date. Union Com. Con. Com. U. loss C.Ioss Ft. Sumpter 3:!" '61 ■ Anderson Beaureg'rd Big Bethel Va IS1861 Butler r Scott r Jackson Bull Run Va ■^:;iS6i [ell (^ McDow- ] Kirby ( Smith 2952 2O5O Wilson's Creek Mo |-i86r Lyon McCull'ch Ball's BlufF Va i;;i86i Baker Evans 800 Belmont Mo |t-i86i Grant Polk Winchester Va |t»i862 Banks Jackson Gaine's Mill Va 1.^1862 McClellan Lee Cedar Mountain Va I0.1862 Banks ( Jackson 2d Bull Run Va I^S'62 Pope Lee Richmond Ky I^r862 Buell Smith Chantilly Va |ca862 Pope Lee r Capture of -J Harper's Ferry ( Mumfordsville Va rZiS62 Jackson Ky 1^:1862 Bragg Fredericksburg: Va 1:1862 Burnside Lee 13000 4000 Haines' Bluff ^ Va 1.^1862 Sherman ( Lee Chancellorsville Va l^^co '63 1 Hooker ( Jackson 17000 12000 Chicamauga Ga i^f/63 Rosecrans Bragg 19000 191OO Ft. Pillow Tn r;:i864 Forrest Sabine Cross R'ds La I?i864 Cold Harbor Va |cci864 Grant Lee 1 0000 1000 Kenesaw Mts. Ga ir,^';'64 Sherman Johnson Monocacy River Md |o>i864 Wallace Early 38 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XXXL CIVIL WAR. CONTINUED. UNION VICTORIES. Battles. S'ate Va Date. Union Com. Con. Com. U. loss C. loss Phillippi |«t86i Booneville Mo 1^1861 Rich Mountain Va ?:i86i Carrick's Ford Va :i:i86i 1 f Frem'nt Cross Keys Va |qoi862 < Banks I McDowell ( Frem'nt Jackson Port Republic Va I0.1862 { Banks I McDowell Jackson f Critten- Mill Spring Ky I21862 Thomas ( Com. ^ Foote -{ den i, Zoilicot- fer Fort Henry Tn |«i862 ^ Grant r Com. Fort Donelson Tn r::-r62 -{ Foote 1^ Grant Buckner [loch r McCui- -^ Mcintosh Pea Ridge Ar 1^1862 Curtis l^Pike ( Johnson Shiloh Tn |«t- '62 Grant ^ Beaure- l gard 1 0000 1 0000 r Butler New Orleans La IS1862 i Com. 1^ Farrag't Williamsburg Va |'oi862 Hancock Mechanicsville Va 1^1862 McClellan Lee Malvern Hill Va ^-1862 McClellan Lee South Mountain Md 1:1862 McClellan Lee RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XXXIL CIVIL WAR. CONTINUED. 39 UNION VICTORIES. Battles. S'ate Date. Union Com. Con. Cora. U.loss C. loss Stone River | or J iZiS62 Tn and Rosecrans Bragg 15000 1 0000 Murfreesboro ) |-'63 Battles before Vicksburg Miss |::-^'63 Grant Pemberton Vicksburg Miss n^iS63 Grant Pemberton Gettysburg Pa l--'63 Meade Lee 23000 30000 Lookout Mt. ') and V Chattanooga J r Grant 1 Hooker i Sherman Tn I?:t, '63 Bragg 5000 1 0000 [^Thomas Pleasant Hill La 1*1864 Banks Dal ton or Resaca Ga ir '64 Sherman Johnson Dallas Ga I-1864 Sherman Johnson Lost Mountain Ga it-t'64 Sherman Johnson Mobile Ala j'01864 Ad.Farragut Atlanta Ga nfA'64 Sherman Hood Cedar Creek Va 1^1864 Sherman Early Ft. McAlHster Ga 1:1864 Sherman Nashville Tn ir'64 Thomas r Terry Hood 25000 Ft. Fisher NC 1^1865 < Adm. [ Porter Petersburg Va l^co'65 Grant Lee Richmond Va |-'65 Grant Lee 40 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XXXHL. CIVIL WAR. CONTINUED. UNDECIDED VICTORIES. Battles. S'ate Date. Union Com. Con. Com. U.loss C. loss Fair Oaks ^ 1;; V Va and McClellan Johnson 7000 7000 Seven Pines I-1862 Savage' Station Va iT.1862 McClellan Lee f i^ong- Frazier's I'arm Va 1^1862 McClellan ^ street 1 Hill Antietam "l fLee r Md 1^1862 McClellan i 12000 1 2000 Sharpsburg J [^ Jackson Perrysville Ky I001862 Buell f Meade Bragg Wilderness Va I'o i^'64 l^ Grant Lee 20000 10000 Spottsylvania Va |co--'64 Grant Lee 1 0000 1 0000 LESSON XXXIV. GENERAL QUESTIONS ON THE CIVIL WAR. Q. How long did the Civil War last ? A. About four years. Q. What were the losses in this war ? A. The loss of the Union was about 300,000, and that ot the Confederacy about the same. Q. How many men were crippled or permanently disabled for life in this war ? A. About 400,000. Q. What then would be the total amount of killed and disabled ? A. 1,000,000 men. Q. What was the amount of the national debt in i860 ? A. $64,770,000. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 41 Q. What was the amount of tlie nation's debt on the ist of January, 1866? A. $2,750,000,000. Q. What was the amount paid out for the war ? A. About $4, 000, 000, 000. Q. What states seceded at the beginning of the war? A. South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Ala- bama. Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas and Tennessee. Q. Which state seceded first, and when ? South Carolina, Dec. 20, i860. What name was given to the seceded states ? The Confederate Slates of America. What was the first event of the war? The bombardment of Fort Sumpter Who was elected i 'resident and Vice President of the Confederate States ? A. Jefferson Davis was elected President, and Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President. Their inauguration took place on Feb 4th, 1 86 1. Q. Where was the first blood shed in the war ? A. On the streets of Baltimore, Apr. 19th, 1861. Q. What Confederate commander was killed at Carrick's Ford ? A. Gen. Garnett. Q. What was the first great battle of the war? A. The battle ot Bull Run, July 21st, 1861. Q. What were some of the various names given to the people of the North and the South during the war ? A. The people of the North were called Yankees, Fed- erals and Unionists. The people of the South were called Rebels, Confederates and Johnnies. Q. What Union general was killed at Wilson's Creek ? A. Gen. Lyon. Q. Whom did the southern people send to England and France to plead the cause of the Confederacy ? A. James M. Mason and John Slidell. Q. What happened to these commissioners? A. They were captured from the British steamer, Trent, by Capt. Wilks, and brought back to the United States. This caused quite an insult to England. However, the U. S. Gov- 42 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. ernment disapproved of the act, and the prisoners were re- leased. Q. What Confederate commander was killed at Mill Springs ? A. Gen. Zollicoffer. Q. What Confederate general was killed at Shiloh ? A. (len. Albert S Johnson. Q. Where is Island No. lo? A. At the south-western boundary of Kentucky, in the Mississippi river. Q. When was it surrendered to the Union ? A On the 7th of April, 1862, to Gen. Pope and Com. Foote, with a garrison of 5,000. Q. What two Confederate generals were killed at Pe'a Ridge, Ark? A. Generals McCulloch and Mcintosh. Q. Describe the Merrimac ? A. It was the U. S. frigate Merrimac, a sunken vessel at Norfolk navy yard, which had been raised by the Confederates, and cut down to its water's edge, a structure built upon the hull cased with railroad iron, which looked like the roof of a building sunk to its eaves. It carried ten large cannons. It also had a huge iron beak in front for the purpose of piercing an antagonist. LESSON XXXV. Q. Describe the Monitor? A. It had the appearance of a long oval raft, rising eighteen inches above the water's edge, with a low, round iron tower built upon its center, carrying two guns of large dimen- sions, throwing 11 inch balls. This tower was made to revolve by machmery, so as to bring the guns in any direction desired. Q Who was the inventor of the Monitor ? A. Captain Ericsson. Q. When and where was the battle between the Merrimac and Monitor? A. March 9th, 1862, off the coast of Virginia. Q. Which was victorious ? A. The Monitor. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 43 Q. What did the Confederates compare the Monitor to? A. To a Yankee cheese box on a plank. Q. In what battle was Gen. Joseph E. Johnson wounded, and upon whom did the chief command devolve ? A. He was wounded at Fair Oaks or Seven Pines, and the command fell upon Robert E. Lee. Q. What two generals were killed at Chantilly ? A. Generals Stephens and Kearney. Q. How many prisoners did Jackson capture at Harper's Ferry ? A. About 12,000. Q. What was the plan of the campaign of 1862 ? A. The openmg of the Mississippi, the blockading of the southern ports, and the capture of Richmond. Q. What was Richmond ? A. The capital of the Confederate states. Q. What was the size of the armies in the beginning of 1862? A. The Union forces amounted to 500,000, and tne Con- federates to 350,000. Q. Describe the capture of New Orleans ? A. The city was defended by two forts seventy miles down the river ; belov*^ these was a strong iron chain stretched across the river. The river was also guarded by gun boats, fire- rafts, and a floating battery. Admiral Farragut tried bombard- ing the forts, but with no effect, after which he determined to pass them. Steaming boldly up the river he encountered and destroyed twelve out of thirteen of the Confederate armed ves- sels. Fire was set to the stores of cotton, ships, gun boats, steamers and docks as soon as the Union fleet came in sight. Gen. Butler, who commanded the land forces, took millitary possession of the city, and the forts and fleet below were soon after surrendered. Q. How did Farragut protect his gun boats while passing the enemy ? A. By suspending iron chains and bags of sand over their sides. Q. What effect had the batcle of Murfreesboro ? A, The Confederates gave up recovering Kentucky. Q. What was the advantage in capturing Roanoke Island? A. It gamed the outer defences of Norfolk, opened Albe- 44 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. marie and Pamlico sounds, eight rivers, four canals and two rail- roads. It made a good harbor for ships and exposed a large country to attack. Q. If the Merimac had gained the victory over the Moni^ tor, what probably would have been the result ? A. The Merrimac could have entered any port in the U. S., and it might have been the means of securing the victory for the Confederacy. LESSON XXXVL Q. What was the plan of the war for 1863. A. It was just about the same as that of 1862. Q. What was the amount of forces this year? A. The Union had about 700,000, and the Confederate about 350.000. Q. Describe the battles before Vicksburg ? A. Three months were spent by Grant in trying to get a position m the rear of Vicksburg. A canal was cut across a bend in the river for the purpose of opening a passage for the gun boats, but it was washed away by a flood ; another was begun, but to no purpose. On the night of the i6th of April the boats dropped down the river, being fired upon by the enemy, but with little damage. His land forces joined the squadron below On the first day of May he defeated the Con- federates at Port Gibson ; on the 12th at Raymond ; on the 14th at Jackson. At Champion Hills, on the i6th, and Black River Bridge on the 17th, he defeated Pemberton, who then retired within the defences of Vicksburg. The city of Vicksburg was now besieged, and after several hard fights Pemberton surren- dered Vicksburg and 30,000 prisoners, on the 4th of July, 1863. Q. What happened at Lawrence, Kansas, August 13th, 1863? A. The chieltain, Quantrell, with a band of followers, murdered 140 persons. Q. What may this band be noted for? A. It was the old band of desperadoes to which the noted James brothers belonged, and in which they committed some of their most desperate deeds. Q. Describe John H. Morgan's raid ? RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 45 A. With 2,000 Confederates he made a raid through Ken- tucky, Indiana and Ohio, destroying buildings and bridges, r-teahng horses and provisions. He was captured near New Lis- bon, O., on the 26th of July, 1863. After four months' impris- onment in the Ohio penitentiary, he escaped, reaching Richmond m safety. Q. Who superceded Gen. Burnside? A. Gen. Joseph Hooker. Q,. In what batde was Stonewall Jackson killed ? A. In the battle of Chancellorsville. Pie was accidendy shot by his own men. Q. What may be said of this man ? A. He was esteemed as a noble and pure minded man by both the North and South. His death was a great loss to the Confederacy. LESSON XXXVII. Q. What is said of the battle of Gettysburg ? A. It was one of the hardest fought battles as well as one of the most important. Q. Who took command of the Union forces just before the battle of Gettysburg ? A. Gen. George G. Meade. Q. When was Gen. Grant appointed commander-in-chief of all the Union armies in the United States ? A. On the 2d day of March, 1864. Q. How many njen were at his command? A. 700,000. Q. What two campaigns were planned for the year ? A. The army of the Potomic, under Meade and the com- m.ander-in-chief was to advance upon Richmond. Gen. Sher- man with 100,000 men was to march from Chattanooga against Atlanta. Q. By whom was Gen. Johnson superceded? A. By Gen. J. B. Hood, at the beginning of the siege of Atlanta. Q. What Union general was killed at Atlanta on the 2 2d of July ? A. Gen. James B. McPherson. 46 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. Q. How long did the siege of Atlanta last ? A. For more than a month. Q. When was Atlanta surrendered to the Union ? A. On the 2d of September, 1864. Q When was Gen. Johnson re-enlisted to supercede Gen. Hood? A. Just after the battle of Nashville, in 1864. Q. When did Gen. Sherman burn Adanta ? A. On the 14th of November, 1864. Q. After burning Atlanta, what did Sherman do ? A. He began his March to the Sea with an army of sixty thousand. Q. Describe Sherman's March to the Sea ? A. He laid waste a country three hundred miles long and sixty miles wide, destroying three hundred miles of railroad. The march lasted five weeks. Q. What city was captured at the close of this march ? A. Savannah. Q. During Grant's move toward Richmond, what impor- tant battles were fought? A. The battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania. Q. Describe the battle of the Wilderness ? A. This battle occured in a thick wilderness. The smoke of the battle prevented any order, and the conflict which was carried on for three days, was but a horrid butchery, giving no benefit to either side. Q. When was Columbia surrendered ? A. On the 17th of February, 1865, ^^ G^"- Sherman. Q. When did the Union forces enter Charleston? A. On the i8th of Pebruary, 1865. Q. What did Admiral Farragut do in order to direct his movements at Mobile ? A. He mounted to the maintpp of the Hartford, and lashed himself to the rigging and gave his commands during the battle. Q. What is said of the batde of Spottsylvania ? A. It was one of the bloodiest and hardest fought battles of the war, resulting in no advantage to either army. Q. When and where did Gen. Lee surrender? A. At Appomattox, April 8th, 1865, ^^ Gen. Grant. Q. To whom did Johnson surrender ? RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 47 A. To Sherman, April 26th, 1865. Q. When and by whom was President Davis captured? A. He was taken in disguise, in Georgia, by General Wil- son's cavalry. May loth, 1865. Q. What was done with Davis ? A, He was taken to Fortress Monroe and kept in confine- ment until May of 1867. He was then taken to Richmond to be tried for treason. He was released on bail, and his cause finally dismissed. COMMANDERS OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. BRITISH COM. Washington, Braddock, Johnson, Abercrombie, Wolfe. FRENCH AND INDIAN COM. M. D. Villers, Contrecoeur, Dieskan, Montcalm. COMMANDERS OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. AMERICAN COMMANDERS. BRITISH COMMANDERS. Washington, Howe, Parker, Pitcairn, Prescott, Carlton, Montgomery, Clinton, Arnold, Cornwallis, Moultrie, Baum, Stark, Burgoyne, Gates. Johnson, Wayne, Pearson, Paul Jones, Ferguson, Lincoln, Tarlton. Campbell, Morgan, Greene, 48 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. COMMANDERS OF THE WAR OF l8l2. U. S. COMMANDERS. Hull, Decatur, Jones, Bainbridge, Lawrence, Perry, Winchester, Pike, Brown, Harrison, Scott, Isard, Windser, Strieker, McDonough, Jackson. BRITISH COMMANDERS Dacres, Garden, Whinyates, Peak, Broke, Barclay, Proctor, Sheaffe, Yeo, Prevost, Riall, Ross, Dov/nie, Packenham. COMMANDERS OF THE MEXICAN WAR. U. S. COMMANDERS. Taylor, Scott, Smith, Worth, Pillow, Doniphan, Lane. MEXICAN COMMANDERS. Arista, La Vega, Ampudia, Santa Anna, Valincia, De Leon, Trias, Morales, Alvarez, Bravo, COMMANDERS OF THE CIVIL WAR. UNION COMMANDERS. CONFEDERATE COMMANDERS. Anderson, Rosecrans, Beauregard, Buckner, Butler, W^allace, Jackson, Mcintosh, Scott, Banks, Kirby Smith, Pike, McDowell, Thomas, McCulloch, Pemberton, Lyon, Com. Foote, Evans. Hood, Baker, Curtis, Polk, Longstreet, Grant, Com. Farragut, Lee, Hill. Fremont, Hancock, Bragg, McClellan, Meade, Forrest, Pope, Terry, Johnson, Burnside, Adm. Porter, Early, Sherman, Buell. Crittenden, Hooker, Zollicoffer, RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 49 WARS AND REBELLIONS WITH WHICH THE U. S. HAVE BKEN CONNECTED. Bacon's Rebellion 1676 King Philip's war .... 1675 Pequodwar. .... 1637 Clayborn's rebellion 1635 King William's war 1689 to 1697 Queen Anne's war 1702 to 1713 King George's war 1744 to 1748 French and Indian war 1754 to 1763 Pontiac's war 1763 Revolution 1775 to 1782 Shay's rebellion 1787 Whisky rebellion ^794 Tripolitan war 1795 ^^ 1S05 War bf 1812 1812 to 1814 Dorr's rebellion 1842 Mexican v.ar 1846 to 1848 Civil war 1861 to 186:; CAUSES OF WARS AND REBELLIONS. Q. What was the cause of Bacon's rebellion ? A. Nathaniel Bacon raised a company and defended the early settlers against the Indians. Governor Berkley, who had failed to provide sufficiently for the safety of the settlements against the Indians, denounced Bacon as a traitor, after which a rebellion followed. Q. What was the cause of King Phillip's war ? A. King Phillip became jealous of the intrusion of the whites, and planned a confederation of the Indian tribes against the intruders. Q. What was the cause of the Pequod war? A. The Indians became dangerous to the early settlers of Connecticut. Captain John Mason raised a company and de- stroyed almost the whole nation in one day. Q. What was the cause of Clayborn's rebellion ? A. The Virginia colonies claimed that Lord Baltimore's grant, (Maryland,) covered territory belonging to them. Clay- born, a member of the Jamestown council, having established 50 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. two trading posts in ?»Iaryland, prepared to defend by force of arms. Q. W hat was the cause of King William's war ? A. The war was between England and France, and ex- tended into the American colonies. James the II had been exiled from England, and took refuge at the court of Louis XIV, of France. They both being Catholics, Louis agreed to assist James in recovering his kingdom. Parliament had con- ferred the crown on King William, who defended England. Q. What was the cause ot Queen Anne's war? A. The war was between England and France, and was caused by a dispute with regard to who should wear the crown of England. This war like King William's, extended mto the American colonies. Q. What was the cause of King George's war? A. This war was caused by a dispute as to the Austrian crown, and extended into the American colonies. Q. What was the cause of the French and Indian war ? A. Disputed territory, which lay north of the Ohio river, and west of the Allegheny mountains. Q. What was the cause of Pontiac's war? A. During the French and Indian war, the Indians as- sisted the French against the English ; when the English took possession, the Indians became dissatisfied; Pontiac, a chief of the Ottawas, formed a confederation of the tribes against the English. Q. What were the causes of the Revolution ? A. I. The right of arbitrary government. 2. France urging the colonies to rebel. 3. The unjust ruling of George III. 4. The importation act of 1733. 5. The writs of assistance. 6. The stamp act. 7. An act imposing a duty on tea, glass, paper, painter's colors, etc. 8. Taxation without representation. 9. The mutiny act. 10. The Boston port bill. Q. What was the cause of Shay's rebellion ? A. In New England the people refused to pay their taxes, and openly made threats to overturn the Government ? RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 51 Q. What was the cause of the whisky rehelHon ? A. The people of western Pennsylvania were determined not to pay tax on whisky. Q. What was the cause of the TripoHtan war ? A. A great many of the inhabitants of the Barbary states were pirates, and the American commerce suffered greatly from their intrusions. The crews of many American vessels were held until ransomed. Q. What were the causes of the war of 1812 ? A. I. The practice of the British searching American vessels and taking from them persons that were believed to be natives of Great Britain. The British were believed to capture several American citizens under this pretense, and compel them to serve in the British army. 2. England blockaded the ports of her enemies, thus preventing American vessels from entering. Q. What was the cause of Dorr's rebellion ? A. An attempt to change the constitution. Q. What was the cause of the Mexican war? A. The disputed boundary line between Mexico and the LTnited States Q. What were the causes of the civil war ? A. T. The principal cause was the different construction put upon the constitution by the people of the North and South. 2. The principle of state sovereignty. 3. The Southern people being jealous of the advance- ment of the North. 4. The publication of sectional books. 5. The public opinion of the North against slavery. 52 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XXXVIIL 3 w D-fti 3 :r.r;» 3 O g Sg g > S g 2 c gg>ss 2 S§ s i> 2> ^ STp •o P pT) 3 1 >-i ". v< ■-1 -1 1 '-I ■-( ■-I -n I ■-< ■^ 2. ET P'cr pr 3^ 3* 3- 3"3" 3"3' 3" B'S' 3- 3- 3- crq d^ P i^!:" f- ut 4^ ■*- :^ ^ !^ 4- p\^ j^ d- ^ -l^ ^ -k i^ 1 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 OD oo 00 :» 00 00 00 COCO 00 ^ -J ^ ?♦, ^^ OS a\ ; ^ CO H ■—I T: !?; y, rH<:o^ H 2 ^%. o >< ^ ffi < 5'!JH. -< (Tl • 3 3 3 • 3 u- o !^ V 3 w W p ft) P P T" K •-< ft 3 TT ^S ^ J? o 3 ft 3 o OO 3' 3" o 3- o" h p 3' c 3 3 p ft NewY Virgin Virgin North Virgin C/3 n p !:; ■ 3 < 3 < 5' ■ 3 2: < Ji' 3 ^^^ 3 p'Pp'p'S ?.^ p p p p" H-h p ^ ?r ?r £J W H O *0 00 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XXXIX. 53 PRINCIPAL EVENTS UNDER THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF THE PRESIDENTS. s- O o ! ^ 3 I' I 7 18 ' I 2 5- L6. Hamilton's financial plan. Establishing the place for the seat of government. The organization of the territory south-west of the Ohio. ^Var with the Miami Indians, 1790. Vermont admitted into the Union as the fourteenth State, 1791. St. Clair's defeat, 1790. United States Bank established, 1791. Kentucky admitted into the Union, 1792. Whiskey rebellion, 1794. Wayne defeated the Indians near Waynesfield, com- pelling them to cede to the United States all the territory east of the line drawn from Fort Recov- ery to the mouth of the Kentucky river, 1793. [boundary between U.S. and Louisiana settled, 1795. Spain granted free navigation of the Mississippi river to the i^mericans, 1795. Tripolitan war, 1795. Tennessee admitted into the Union, 1796. LESSON XL. ' I. Quasi war. 2. Washington appointed commander-in-chief of the U. S. army. -{ 3. Napoleon Bonaparte became first consul of France,put- ting an end to the Quasi war. 4. Death of Washington, Dec. 14, 1799. ^5. Congress assembled at Washington, 1800. 54 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. I. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. The abolishment of internal revenues. Ohio admitted into the Union, 1803. Mississippi territory organized. The purchase of Louisiana from France, for $11, - 250,000, 1803. End of the Tripolitan war, June 4th, 1805. Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel, 1804. Michigan territory organized, 1805. Western exploration of Clark and Lewis, 1S05. Burr and Blannerhassett's treason, 1804, Difficulties between the American and British com- merce. The Embargo Act, 1807. First steamboat invented by Robert Fulton, called the Clermont, 1807. LESSON XLL S^ 1. The Embargo Act repealed, 1808. 2. War in Indian Territory, 1810. 3. Louisiana admitted into the Union, 1812. {^4. War of 18 1 2 begun. ^i 6. ^7- Perry's victory on Lake Erie. Death of Tecumseh. War with the Creek Indians in Alabama, 1813. The capitol at Washington burned by the British, 1814. Treaty of peace signed at Ghent, Belgium, Dec. 14, 1814. Indiana admitted into the Union, 1816. U. S. colonization society organized, 18 16. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 55 -^ Mississippi admitted into the Union, 1817. Trouble with the Seminole Indians, in Georgia, 1817. Florida ceded to the U. S. by Spain for $5,000,- 000, Feb. 22, 1819. Illinois admitted into the Union, 1818. Alabama admitted into the Union, 18 [9. Maine separated from Massachusetts and admitted into the Union, 1820. H r I. Missouri compromise, 182 1. I 2. Missouri admitted into the Union, - rt J-i < ^ l3. The Independent Treasury Bill, 1837. Canada attempted to establish its independence, 1837. Close of the Seminole war, 1839. LESSON XLIIL Wm. H. j I. Called a special session of Congress. Harrison. ( 2. Died one month after his inauguration. 1. Repeal of the Independent Treasury Bill. 2. President vetoed a bill for rechartering a U. S. bank. 3. All members of the Cabinet resigned their offices except Webster. 4. North-eastern boundary of the United States settled, 1841. 5. Dorr's rebellion, 1842. 6. Trouble with the Mormons, who left their settlement in Jackson county, Missouri, 1839, and settled at Narvoo, 111 7. The question agitated of annexing Texas. 8. The first telegraph dispatch sent May 29, 1844. JO 1. Mexican war, 1845. 2. Treaty of peace signed Feb. 2d, 1848. 3. Gold discovered in California by Sutter, 1848. 4. Gen. Jackson died, 1845. 5. J. Q. Adams died, 1848. 6. Wisconsin admitted into the Union 1848. LESSON XLIV. 1. John C. Calhoun died, 1850. 2. California admitted into the Union, 1850. 3. Great disputes on the slavery question. 4. The Omnibus Bill proposed by Henry Clay, 1850. ^5. President Taylor died July 9th, 1850. RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 57 6 ( I. Omnibus Bill passed, 1850. o 2. Ad attempt by a few Americans to conquer Cuba, 1850. ^ 3. Difficulty with England with regard to the coast fish- 'iZ ^ eries of Newfoundland. '^ 4. Henry Clay died, 1852. rt 5. Daniel Webster died, 1852. ^ (^6. Dr, Kane explored the northern regions, 1853. f I. Death of Vice-President William R. King. c .2. Route for a Pacific railroad explored, 1853. u J 3. The Gadson purchase, 1853. 5-1 r\ . j 4. Commercial privileges agreed to between the United Ijh ^ I States and Japan, 1854. 1^5. Kansas-Nebraska Bill passed 1854. LESSON XLV. f I. Trouble with the Mormons. 2. First telegraph cable completed across the Atlantic, 1858. 3. Minnesota admitted into the Union, 1858. % 4. Oregon admitted into the Union, 1859. 5. The Dred Scott Bill, 1857 r^ ^ 9. John Brown's raid, 1859. 7. Secession of South Carolina, i860. 8. The government called the Confederate States of ^ America was formed Feb. 4, 1861. The election of Jefferson Davis for President and Alexander H. Stevens for Vice-President of the Confederate States, Feb. 8, 1861. 58 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. LESSON XLVI. ("< 1. Beginning of the civil war, 1861. 2. Fort Sumpter fired on, 1861. 3. The capcure of Mason and SHdel from the British steamer Trent. 4. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation January i, 1863. 5. The Conscription Act, March 3. 1863. 6. West Virginia separated from the old State and admitted into the Union, 1863. 7 The Red River expedition, 1864. 8. Gen. Grant appointed commander-in-chief of all the Union armies in the United States, March 2d, 1864. 9. Sherman began his march to the sea, November 14, 1864. 10. Nevada admitted into the Union, i864. 1. End of the C'ivil War, 1865. 2. Lincoln visited Richmond three days after it was evacuated by Lee's army. 3. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth, and the stabbing of Secretary Seward by Lewis Payne Powell, April 14, 1865. LESSON XLVII. 1. The Amnesty Proclamation, May 29th, 1865. 2. Nebraska admitted into the Union. 1867. 3. Alaska purchased of Russia for $7,200,000, 1867. 4. A dispute between the President and Congress with regard to the re-organization of the Southern States. 5. Tenure of Office Bill, 1867. 6. The impeachment of the President. ^7. The Fourteenth Amendment, 1868. RAMDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 59 Ih: The Fifteenth Amendment, 1870. Alabama claims settled for $15,500,000, 1872. Chicago fire, burning 2,100 acres of buildings, 1871. Death of Horace Greely, 1872. Sixty-five acres of Boston burned, 1872. Modoc war, 1872. Credit Mobilier Investigation, 1873. 'ihe jay Cooke failure, 1873. Ex-President Johnson died, 1875. Centennial of American independence, 1876. The massacre of Gen. Custer and his whole com- mand, 1877. Colorado admitted into the Union, 1876. War v/ith the Sioux Indians, 1877. Dispute between the Republicans and Democrats with regard to the election of the President. LESSON XLVHI. V X I. 3- 4 IS- The great railroad strike, 1877. War m Idaho with the Nez Perce Indians. 1877. Death of William Cullen Bryant, 1878. The Murphy Temperance movement, 1877-78. The resumption of specie payment, Jan. i, 1879. < 2 While waiting at the depot at Washington for the depar- ture of the train for Long Branch, he was shot by Charles Guiteau (Git-to) and mortally wounded, I suffering until the 19th of September, 1881, when I he died. ^ r Charles Guiteau hung for the assassination of Garfield, Iish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Pos- terity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE L Section 1. \11 legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen ever second Year by the People of the sev- eral States, aad the Electors in each State shall have the Quali- fication requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State uegislature. No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have at- tained to the age of twenty-five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be deter- mined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, excluding those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and including Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Person. The actual RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 73 Enumeration shtill be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term often Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number (jf Represeniatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- tatioris one, Connecticut five, New York six. New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five five. South CaroHna five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Elec- tion to fill such Vacancies. The House of Representatives shall chi©se their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Y'cars ; and each Senator shall have one Vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one- third may be chosen every second Year ; and if Vacancies hap- pen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Leg- islature of any State, the Executive thereof may make tempo- rary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the L^nited States, and who shall not, when elected be an Inhabit- ant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a Pres- ident pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. 74 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeach- ments. vVhen sitting- for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside : And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. Judgment in Cases of Liipeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor. Trust or Profit under the United States : but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and: subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, accord- ing to Law. Section 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elec- tions for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in Decem.ber, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. Section 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business ; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Meinbers, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members fi^r disorderly Behavior, and, with the Con- currence of two thirds, expel a Member. Each house shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy ; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the Journal • Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to* any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compesation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 75 Cases except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senat(jr or Eepresentative shall, during the Time for which he v;as elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person liolding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continu- ance in Office. Section 7. All Bills tor raising Revenue shall orginate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Represent- tatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be pre- sented to the President of the United States ; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to recon- sider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the othei House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. iUit in all such Cases the Vote of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays ex- cepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. P^very Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States ; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of 76 RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. Representatives according to tlie Rules and Linjitations pre- scribed in the Case of h Bill. Section 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and col- lect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfjire of tlie United States ; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uiiiform throughout the United States ; To borrow Money on the credit of the United States ; To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several Sates, and with the Indian Tribes ; To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the suject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures. To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securi- ties and current Coin of the United States ; To establish Post Ofiices and post Roads ; To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by se- curing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries ; To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court ; To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences aginst the Law of Nations; To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water ; To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years ; To provide and maintain a Navy ; To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces ; To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions ; To provide for oraianizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be em- ployed in the Services of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Ofiicers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress ; To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by RANDALL'S U. S. HISTORY. 77 Cession of particular States, and tlie Acceptance of Congress become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock- Yards, and other needful Buildings ; — And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Executi(jn the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by tlus Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Section 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior of the Year one thousand eight Jiundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corbus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. No Capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in Propoj'tion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to l)e taken. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter clear, or pay Duties in another. No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Conse- quence of Appropriations made by Law ; and a regular State- ment and Account of the Receipts mid Expenditures of all pub- lic Money shall be published from time to time. No title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States ; And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any. King, Prince, or foreign State. Section 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance or Confederation ; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal ; coin Money ; emit Bills of Credit ; make any Thing but gold and 78 RANDALL'S U. S. HLSTORY. silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of At- tainrier, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Dudes on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws : and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States ; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Re- vision and Controul of the Congress. No State shall, without the the C-msent of C