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THE 
 
 Bastiles of the North. 
 
 BY A MEMBER 
 
 MAEYLAND LEGISLATURE. 
 
 "Under no possible ekergency, not even in insurrection, OR AMID THE 
 THROES OF CIVIL WAR, can this Government justify official interference with the 
 Freedom of Speech or of the Press, any more than it can with THE Freedom of 
 THE Ballot. The licentiousness of the tongue and of the pen is a minor evil com- 
 pared with the licentiousness of arbitrary POWER."— /Vaiecw P, Blair. 
 
 BALTIMORE: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY KELLY, HEDIAN & PIET, 
 
 No. 174 BALTIMORE STREET. 
 1863. 
 
W. M. Innes' Steam Book Presses, Adams Express Building, 164 Baltimore St. 
 
Partly to while away the tedious hours of imprisonment, 
 and partly to give my wife and children, on my return, 
 some idea of the daily domestic routine of military prison 
 life, but with no expectation or intention of publication, 
 this Journal was written. 
 
 The reader will doubtless say it should have been re- 
 written for publication. Such was the writer's opinion, 
 but friends who read the original, seemed to think it pre- 
 ferable, as it was written day by day, without alteration or 
 embellishment. 
 
 The writer was early taught to adapt himself to what- 
 ever circumstances he might be placed in, and not to com- 
 plain unnecessarily of what he could neither forsee nor 
 prevent ; hence his experience cannot be taken as a speci- 
 men of the sufferings of others differently constituted, or 
 who had not the means available to mitigate the rigor, 
 often amounting to brutality, which the authorities at 
 Washington thought proper to exercise towards their 
 " State Prisoners" — a term hitherto happily unknown in 
 this country, the very sound of which instinctively carries 
 us to Italy and Austria, or the blackest period in the his- 
 tory of France. 
 
 When Mr. Seward determined by a coup d'etat to extin- 
 guish the sovereignty of the State of Maryland, and estab- 
 lish a military government in its stead, it became necessa- 
 ry to manufacture some plausible excuse or reason for the 
 outrage, this was that the Grovernment had positive infer- 
 
mation that the Legislature had determined to pass an act 
 of secession, when it should next meet in Frederick and 
 it even pretended it had secured a copy of the aforesaid in- 
 tended act, in the hand-writing of one of the members. 
 This was duly heralded in all the "Loyal" newspapers, 
 and no doubt, to some extent, believed in the Northern 
 States ; the writer will not suppose for a moment that any 
 Marylander of ordinary common sense did not know, irom 
 the geographical situation of the State, that successful 
 secession was an impossibility, except by future peaceable 
 measures, whatever might be the wishes of the Legisla- 
 ture, and this view was as well understood m the South as 
 
 here. 
 
 To those who may have attached credence to such a 
 story, the writer will say, that at no time, and under no 
 circumstances, was it the desire or intention of the Legis- 
 lature of Maryland (with the exception of one solitary 
 member,) to pass an Act of Secession, or any Act looking 
 to it ; while a large majority of the members, from birth 
 from the ties of blood, of habits and associations, and ot 
 material interests, sympathized with the South in her 
 efforts to resist the aggressions of the North against her 
 domestic Institutions, at the same time they recognized 
 the fact that Maryland was a State in the Union, and while 
 such, bound by all her Constitutional obligations to the 
 Union— they were opposed to coercion and to war, because 
 they believed Disunion would be the inevitable result, and 
 were not disposed to take an active part in measures that 
 in their judgment, would certainly destroy the Union, and 
 with it all hopes of a re-construction. 
 ^ The real cause, however, of the arrest of the Legisla- 
 ture will probably be found in the letter of Lord Lyons to 
 Lord Russell, under date of November 4, 1861-and submit- 
 ted with other official correspondence, to Parliament on 
 its meeting in February, 1862. Lord Lyons wrote that he 
 had had a personal interview with Mr. Seward in relation 
 to arbitrary arrests, and told him that it was creating a 
 bad feeling in England, (there were, at that time, a large 
 
number of English subjects in the different Forts, most of 
 them in irons, sailors who had been captured in running 
 the blockade.) 
 
 Mr. Seward replied that ''most of the recent arrests were 
 made in vieio of the Maryland elections, ivMch luould he over 
 in about a week, ivhen he expected to release them." 
 
 Of this fact, the Maryland prisoners were well aware, 
 without the confession of Mr. Seward, and confidently ex- 
 pected a release as soon as the military authorities had 
 gone through the form, or rather the farce of holding an 
 election ; in this they were doomed to disappointment. — 
 The Northern "Loyal" papers insisted on our continued in- 
 carceration as a means of "striking terror into the hearts of 
 the people of Maryland," while a class of people in Balti- 
 more, generically known as "Plug Uglies," who had for 
 years, by violence and fraud ruled the city of Baltimore, 
 and had been finally put down, after a long struggle by 
 the reform party, suddenly became " loyal" men, devoted 
 to the Union, protested against the return of the Balti- 
 more prisoners, as likely to disturb the peace and loyalty 
 of the city, and embarrass the local government, of which, 
 in the meantime, they had taken possession. 
 
 This class of people, having for its "standing army" the 
 rowdy clubs of Baltimore, and for its leaders, a few men 
 who publicly make some pretensions to decency, and pri- 
 vately use the party for the furtherance of their pecuniary 
 or political interest, are the same people, who, two years 
 ago, when Black JRepublicanism was not as prevalent in 
 Baltimore as at present, cut off the coat tails of the pres- 
 ent "Loyal" collector of Baltimore, and compelled him to 
 escape by jumping out the window of the room where he 
 was attempting to preside over a republican meeting ; who 
 brick-batted the present "Loyal" assessor of the city for 
 heading a small "wide awake" procession on the eve of 
 the election, and were the most active in arming them- 
 selves on the 19th and 20th of April, 1861, to drive back 
 the "Abolitionists." 
 
When, a few days afterwards, it became evident that the 
 Government had the jDOwer to hold Baltimore and the de- 
 termination to do it, true to their instincts, these people 
 immediately became converts to the controlling power and 
 were accepted by the Grovernment as the representatives and 
 exponents of the "Loyal" people of Baltimore, and found 
 their reward in the distribution of the public offices of the 
 General, State and Municipal Governments, and in the 
 filling of all sorts of contracts at all sorts of prices. 
 
 The writer would not be understood as including in this 
 class, all the professed "Loyalists" of Baltimore ; on the 
 contrary there are many who conscientiously believe that 
 the path to peace lies through blood and carnage ; that 
 the South has no rights the North is bound to respect ; 
 that the acts of the Government are not only Constitution- 
 al, but right in themselves, and that the Editor of the 
 ^'American," the great exponent of Loyalty in this city, 
 is the embodiment of honesty and veracity. 
 
 To the influence of both these classes, but particularly 
 the former, the writer attributes the long continuance of 
 the imprisonment of the Maryland political prisoners ; to 
 the voice of the North, as reason began to resume its sway, 
 spoken in thunder tones through the ballot-box, he attri- 
 butes their final release. 
 
 Lawrence Sangston. 
 
 Baltimore, February, 1863. 
 
OP A 
 
 PRISONER OF STATE, " 
 
 IN FORTS McHENRY, MONROE, LAFAYETTE AND WARREN. 
 
 September 12, 1861. Aroused from sleep at mid-night 
 hj some one ringing and violently knocking at the door ; 
 looked out of the window and saw a man who stated 
 he had some important business with me, and desired 
 me to come down immediately ; dressed and went down 
 stairs, asked his name and business, and refused to open 
 the door at that hour of the night to a stranger until 
 he told me who he was and what he wanted. He then 
 stated that he was a Police officer, named Bishop, that he 
 had an order for my arrest in the name of the United 
 States, and was directed to take me to Fort McHenry. I 
 asked him if he had a written order, he said he had not ; 
 that the order for my arrest came by Telegraph from 
 Washington, and the Deputy Provost Marshal had sent 
 him to execute it. I opened the door, and found four 
 other policemen concealed under the balcony, and others 
 
with a carriage at the corner above ; invited them into the 
 Library while I made some preparation ; officers very 
 polite and suggested I had better take an overcoat with 
 me as the night was chilly, and they would^ if I desired 
 it, attend to having my baggage sent to the Fort in the 
 morning ; regretted very much the painfnl duty they had 
 to perform, &c., &c. Carriage came to the door, got in 
 with two of the officers, drove to the Western Station 
 House, wondering and speculating as to the cause of my 
 arrest ; could not comprehend it ; stopped at the door of 
 the Station House, officers asifed whether I would remain 
 in the carriage or take a seat in the Station House. I 
 asked why we stopped there, answered ^ it was to wait for 
 Mr. Winans and others ; then saw the object v/as to pre- 
 vent the meeting of the Legislature by the arrest of its 
 members ; preferred to remain in the carriage as I had 
 never been an inmate of a Watch House and did not 
 desire to become acquainted with it; half an hour after- 
 wards the hack with Mr. Ross Winans arrived and we 
 proceeded to the Fort ; met numerous carriages on the 
 road and at the gates of the Fort,, showing the arrests were 
 extensive. 
 
 On entering the Fort, was received by Col. Morris, and 
 ushered into an unfurnished room,, where I found Messrs. 
 Scott, Wallis^ Harrison and Warfield, of the Legislature^ 
 Mr. May, of Congress, Mr. Howard, Editor cf the "Ex- 
 change," and Mr. Hall, Editor of the "South ;" during 
 the night, two other prisoners were brought in. Dr. Thomas, 
 of the Legislature and Mr. Brown, Mayor of the City. 
 The Colonel had some chairs sent into the room, not 
 sufficient, however, for all of us, and the Lieutenant was 
 kind enough tO' send us a bottle of whiskey, very common,, 
 but no doubt the best he had : the Colonel came in, took 
 "three fingers" of the whiskey , thought we were rather 
 crowded, placed four of us in an adjoining room, bid us. 
 good night and departed. I paced the floor until morning, 
 suffering much from Lumbago and loss of sleep. 
 
September 13. Wrote to my wife 'to send me some cloth- 
 ing, to my brother for money, and to Deputy Marshal 
 Woods to make a few purchases for me, cigars, tobacco, &c.; 
 after breakfast, four other prisoners arrived, Messrs. Pitts, 
 Dennison, Quinlan, and Lynch, members of the Legisla- 
 ture, increasing our party to fifteen ; spent the forenoon in 
 pacing the portico, reading and conversation. Wife and 
 children at the gate, but not permitted to see me ; wife 
 brought with her my best clothing, and some bedding, pil- 
 lows, sheets, blankets, &c., which were received by the 
 soldiers at the gate, but confiscated before they reached me, 
 never saw nor heard of them afterwards. Woods came in 
 the afternoon with the articles he purchased for me and 
 some money for me from my brother ; received notice at 
 4.45 to prepare for departure to Fortress Monroe at 5 o'clock; 
 notice ample, as I had nothing to prepare ; marched under 
 guard to the Fort wharf, and on board the steamer Adelaide ; 
 met General Dix at the wharf, who told me he had a letter 
 for me at his office,, and would detain the boat until he 
 could send for it ; said that wherever we went we would be 
 treated as gentlemen, and with the consideration due to 
 our position ; saw my brother on the wharf, told me he had 
 just put a bundle on board the boat for me ; could not find 
 it, never heard of it afterwards ; doubtless captured by the 
 guard and confiscated as contraband ; pleasant passage 
 down the bay, treated very kindly by the officers of the 
 boat, particularly by Mr. Klasson the clerk, who in the 
 evening, sent us a dozen bottles of various kinds of liquors 
 and wines and a box of cigars ; in the morning found them 
 all empty and the guard disposed to be very sociable with 
 us, except two or three who were too far gone ; had five or 
 six hours of restless and uncomfortable sleep. 
 
 It may be noticed as a singular incident that this is the 
 anniversary of the day on which the ''Star Spangled Ban- 
 ner" was written by the grandfather of one of the prisoners. 
 
 September 14. Arrived at Fortress Monroe at 8 A. M., 
 after breakfast the clerk of the boat went on shore and 
 
10 
 
 shortly returned with information that we would not be 
 removed from the boat until after dinner, the boat then left 
 the wharf and anchored in the roads opposite Mill Creek. 
 The view here is an extensive and beautiful one, embracing 
 the mouths of James and Elizabeth rivers, and the entire 
 space of water known as Hampton Roads ; on the north, 
 the fortress at Old Point, the camps between the Fort and 
 Hampton Creek and the ruins of Hampton in the distance, 
 on the east and south, the Rip Raps, Willoughby's Point, 
 Sewell's Point and the south side of James river as far as 
 the mouth of the Nansemond. While here and there, by 
 the aid of an opera glass could be seen the tented camps 
 and flags of the Confederates. The day was delicious, and 
 under other circumstances I should have enjoyed it much, 
 notwithstanding my familiarity with the scene. At two 
 o'clock, P. M., General Wool sent for Mr. Brown and Mr. 
 May ; they returned in about an hour and stated the result 
 of their interview : General Wool informed them that his 
 orders were to keep us in ''close custody," and not permit 
 any communication with any one ; that under these in- 
 structions we would be confined in the casemates, that we 
 would be supplied with food from the hotel by Mr. Wil- 
 lard, and furnished with facilities for writing to our friends, 
 all letters passing through his hands. 
 
 Messrs. Brown and May remonstrated with General Wool 
 at this severe interpretation of his orders, that the case- 
 mates were contracted and necessarily damp, and that, 
 with the total deprivation of exercise in the fresh air, would 
 seriously jeopardize the health of our party, some of whom 
 were very old men, and others of delicate frame and con- 
 stitution, not prepared, from their previous habits and 
 position in life, to meet such a deprivation with safety. 
 General Wool replied that the difficulty about the case- 
 mates might be obviated by assigning to our use a build- 
 ing within the walls of the Fort known as "Carroll Hall," 
 which would be sufficiently spacious, to give each of us a 
 separate room, and that he would have the building pre- 
 pared for us by to-morrow, in the meantime we would 
 
11 
 
 occupy the casemates, but that the privilege of taking exer- 
 cise in the open air was not, according to his view, allow- 
 able under his construction of his orders. At 4 o'clock, 
 P. M., the boat returned to the wharf and we were march- 
 ed into the Fort, under a guard, to our quarters. 
 
 Those quarters consisted of two casemates, each contain- 
 ing two rooms, the one facing the interior of the Fort, 15 
 by 22 feet; the other facing the canal and sea, 15 by 17 
 feet, arched and covered with earth perhaps 10 or 15 feet, 
 supplied with closets in alcoves between the dividing walls ; 
 the front room with fire-place and lighted by a sash-door 
 and two windows of the usual size, the back room lighted 
 by the port hole, 22 by 24 inches. 
 
 No preparation had been made to receive us, but soon 
 the quartermaster and provost marshal made their appear- 
 ance, and stated that arrangements would be promptly 
 made for our comfort and convenience. A sufficient quan- 
 tity of iron bedsteads, mattresses, and bed clothing, soon 
 came from the hotel and were arranged. The beds were 
 very good for those who could sleep on beds as hard as 
 the floor. I cannot, being afilicted with Lumbago, and 
 consequently passed a sleepless and painful night. 
 
 We made our domestic arrangements by taking one of 
 the larger rooms for a mess room, and placing five beds in 
 each of the other rooms. We were then informed that 
 under no circumstances would we be permitted to leave our 
 quarters or even to sit at the door ; this involved other 
 domestic arrangements of an unpleasant character, par- 
 ticularly in crowded, damp and ill-ventilated apartments ; 
 in making this and other arrangements for our comfort, 
 the provost marshal, Capt. Davis, professed a disposition 
 to do for us whatever he could.* 
 
 * Two or three days afterwards, when the sergeant closed our doors and 
 windows, by the order, as he said, of General Wool, who, in riding past, 
 had noticed the shutters open, and had reprimanded him for permitting 
 it ; we wrote to Capt. Davis, through Mr. Wallis, complaining of the 
 almost total deprivation of light and air ; no notice was taken of the letter, 
 unless the placing of iron bars and padlocks on the doors and windows 
 next morning, might be considered an answer. 
 
12 
 
 Supper was served at eight o'clock and shortly afterwards 
 We retired, or rather we went to hed; about ten o'clock an 
 officer entered our apartment and commenced a thorough 
 search of the baggage and clothes in a style that would 
 have been creditable to an Austrian Custom House Officer, 
 notwithstanding it had been previously searched at Fort 
 McHenry, still it was quietly and respectfully done, only 
 awakening the sleepers as he wanted the key of some 
 particular trunk ; having no baggage myself, he was 
 forced to content himself with searching the pockets of 
 my coat, vest and pantaloons, which were laying across a 
 chair at my bedside, but found nothing suspicious nor con- 
 traband ; having finished by taking an unusually large 
 drink out of a bottle of whiskey in Dr. Lynch' s trunk, 
 under the delusion that no one was looking at him, he 
 quietly departed, and save the tread of the sentinel, all 
 was still. 
 
 September 15. — Sunday. Very sore in the back and 
 breast from an attempt to sleep last night, got up two or 
 three times during the night and paced the floor, wrote 
 home for a soft mattress, and soft rocking chair,* such as I 
 am accustomed to sit on ; very quiet in our quarters, some 
 reading the Bible, some writing letters ; heard the singing 
 of some religious service in the neighborhood, but was not 
 invited to participate. There are Sundays in revolutionary 
 times ; but, perhaps, they think prisoners have no souls ! 
 Kead as much as my broken spectacles would permit, and 
 went to bed early, slept four or five hours, received 
 baggage from home, and a variety of little comforts such 
 as women alone know how to provide ; trunk and provision 
 can well searched by a Baltimore detective who came down 
 in the boat, the Deputy Provost Marshal standing by to 
 see it well done ; small bundle which the detective declined 
 to open, asked him why? said he saw it in the Provost 
 Marshal's office in Baltimore the day previous, and knew 
 the contents ; wife sent the keys of trunk and provision 
 can, lost on the way and both had to be broken open, 
 
13 
 
 detective's style of breaking locks maybe characterized as 
 " strong but not neat." 
 
 September 16. Close, murky morning, rooms smelling 
 badly, applied to officer in charge for some disinfecting 
 agent, promised, but did not come ; no change of quarters 
 as promised and expected ; soldiers engaged all the morn- 
 ing in building a fence in front of our rooms, making an 
 enclosure of about forty, by twenty-five feet ; supposed it 
 was intended to extend the area of freedom by giving us a 
 place for exercise^all a mistake — intended for the con- 
 venience of the guard, and to keep off" curious idlers who 
 come to "look at the menagerie;" fare getting worse, 
 can't tell tea from coffee or coffee from tea ; sent protest 
 verbally, by waiters, to Mr. Willard, against furnishing 
 such questionable liquids, most cf us have been at his 
 house in Washington, and know he can do better if he 
 will ; spent the day in reading and playing cards. I read 
 aloud Burke's address to the King in 177*7, and Wallis 
 read the "Captive Starling," from Sterne, the one as 
 singularly applicable to the present condition of the 
 country, and the other to our own condition as prisoners. 
 
 Had a visit this morning from Major Hamilton, who it 
 seems is an acquaintance of Mayor Brown, he is aid 
 to General Wool, and called to read to us the orders of 
 the General for our information — they were exceedingly 
 minute, even to directing the servants who brought our 
 meals from the hotel, to count the knives, forks and spoons 
 after each meal and take them back to the hotel I ! ! 
 
 Eained very hard all the afternoon and night with a 
 gale from the East, rooms very damp and oppressive from 
 various causes, Mr. Quinlan sick with dysentery ; slept 
 better than heretofore. 
 
 September 17. Rooms very damp from storm last night, 
 floor of mess room wet with exhalations from the ground, 
 had a fire built to dry the room and air, applied again for 
 disinfectants, but without success ; fare somewhat improved, 
 
14 
 
 especially liquids, coffee decidedly better ; Provost Marshal 
 sick, and as he is the only one we can apply to, for any 
 thing we want, must remain satisfied until he gets well. 
 Kept fire up all day to dry the rooms ; soldiers at work 
 putting bars to the front windows; Corporal says he has 
 orders to close the front windows and doors, shutting out 
 to a great extent the light and air, already very scant ; 
 hear nothing further of promised change of quarters to 
 Carroll Hall ; went to bed at 10 o'clock, got but little sleep. 
 
 September 18. Clear and pleasant weather ; built fire to 
 dry the rooms, read the Baltimore and New York papers, 
 which are purchased by one of the sergeants for us ; received 
 letters from home of a pleasant character ; during the 
 morning the sergeant closed and fastened front doors by order 
 of the General, the instructions from Washington to keep 
 us in ''close custody" now literally carried out, the only 
 light and air we now receive in each casemate is from an 
 opening of less than a square yard. Wrote to Capt. Can- 
 non to hunt up my lost baggage ; after dinner played cards 
 for a couple of hours ; about five o'clock, an ofiicer with 
 blacksmiths came to put iron bars and padlocks on the front 
 doors and windows ; the sound of the blacksmith's hammer 
 under such circumstances produces a singularly grating 
 sensation, and is in painful contrast to a visit made us the 
 day before yesterday by the aid-de-camp of General Wool, 
 who called to assure us of the desire of the G-eneral to do 
 whatever he could to promote our comfort, and gratuitously 
 suggested that he would have a neighboring room pre- 
 pared to use as a water closet, and relieve us from the 
 necessity of using our eating and sleeping apartments for 
 that purpose, which, however, has not been done. A pleas- 
 ing contrast to this may be recorded of the kindness of one 
 of the officers who sent us a box of cigars, half dozen bot- 
 tles of cologne and a few volumes of light reading ; played 
 cards for an hour after supper ; received my mattress and 
 chair from Baltimore, and had the first comfortable and 
 refreshing sleep since my arrest. 
 
15 
 
 September 19. Awoke very much refreshed — pains in 
 back and chest very much lessened ; passed the morning 
 in reading, writing, and taking as much exercise as our 
 contracted quarters will admit of — these quarters consist of 
 four rooms, having in the aggregate, a superficial area of 
 twelve yards square. When it is considered that in addi- 
 tion to the fifteen occupants of this space, there are fifteen 
 bedsteads, fifteen washstands, eighteen chairs, twenty-five 
 trunks, four closets, three wardrobes, (extremely primitive 
 in their construction,) three sets of shelving of similar 
 character, a pine table, three by four and a half feet, a 
 dining table, twelve by three feet, two fire places, two 
 portable water closets, (all but the water,) and numerous 
 small items encumbering the floors in the way of slop 
 buckets, spittoons, baskets, bundles, &c., &c.; it may be 
 readily understood that the space for exercise is exceed- 
 ingly small. The table has been better supplied during 
 the past two or three days, particularly in liquids, the 
 cofiee is now really good ; after dinner played cards for an 
 hour or two. We are gradually being placed under more 
 stringent discipline; are no longer permitted to communi- 
 cate our wants to the Corporal of the Guard, or permitted 
 to speak to the sentinels. When we wish anything done 
 our only mode of communicating our wants is through the 
 Deputy Provost Marshal, who has other duties to perform, 
 and of course is only occasionally within call ; two instances 
 of this inconvenience may be noticed during this day: 
 about one o'clock a lieutenant came from head-quarters 
 with our letters ; the deputy marshal not being present, 
 the Corporal of the Guard declined receiving them, and 
 the lieutenant had to take them back, not being allowed 
 to deliver them himself, and we did not get them until 
 late in the day, too late to answer them by that night's 
 mail. Again, in the afternoon, we were without water, 
 and although a bucket of ice- water (which we had paid for) 
 was standing outside the door, and we could see it through 
 the slats, we had to wait two hours until the only person 
 who could deliver it to us made his appearance, by which 
 
16 
 
 time the sun had melted the ice and spoiled the water. 
 After supper, played cards for a couple of hours and went 
 to bed. 
 
 September 20. Awakened earlier than usual by the 
 noise of unlocking and unbarring the outer doors. Addi- 
 son, in describing the City of Cologne, famed, the world 
 over, for its sweet scented perfumes, and the nastiness (I 
 don't like that word) of its streets, says that in walking 
 around the city he counted some fifty stenches, each of 
 them separate and well defined stinks ; — the entire fifty, 
 consolidated into one grand stink, could not have exceeded 
 that found in our rooms this morning — got up, made a 
 cup of strong coffee and smoked a couple of cigars to 
 mollify the stench, but with little success ; ate breakfast — 
 excellent coffee and beefsteak, but bread not fit to eat ; 
 supplied that deficiency out of tin can which wife was 
 thoughtful enough to send, filled with bread, biscuit and 
 crackers ; after breakfast read the Baltimore and New 
 York papers, full of lies about the Maryland Legislature ; 
 received letters from home, all well.* 
 
 Deputy Provost Marshal made his appearance slightly 
 tight, {our liquor passes through his hands,) and was 
 unusually civil and obliging ; expressed great anxiety to do 
 what he could to promote our comfort, and superintended 
 the cleaning of our rooms by two contraband negroes 
 
 *The ^^ Baltimore American,^'' received to-day, boldly asserts, in its 
 editorial, that letters had beeu intercepted between the Members of the 
 Legislature and the Confederates in Virginia, which revealed the whole 
 plan of action. General Johnston was to cross the Potomac with a large 
 army and occupy the City of Frederick, and the Legislature were simul- 
 taneously to pass an Act of Secession under the protection of Confederate 
 bayonets, all of which the Editor knew to be false when he penned it. 
 
 "We wrote an article, denouncing the falsehood, for publication in the 
 Baltimore papers, but General Wool declined sending it, except via Wash- 
 ington, where of course it was suppressed. 
 
 The same paper speaks, with great apparent pleasure, of the action of a 
 Wisconsin Regiment in sacking the Legislature Halls, and making a 
 ^^ grand conflagration^^ of the public documents after they had arrested 
 and dispersed the Legislature. 
 
17 
 
 detailed for that purpose, both exceedingly dirty and 
 stupid, especially one named James Munroe, who, from 
 th« exuberance of his wool^ we have named the General, 
 The Deputy Provost having ascertained that some bottles 
 of whiskey and a bucket of ice water were in the closet 
 in the back room, undertook the cleaning of that room 
 himself, and several times went back to see if any thing 
 was left undone. 
 
 Dinner remained on the wheelbarrow outside the door 
 to-day until it got cold, because the Duputy was absent, 
 and no one else could authorize its delivery ; when he 
 came, he apologized, had been to his own dinner, and 
 forgot ours, and had fallen asleep after dinner, no doubt 
 from the fatigue of his morning's work. Tried to read and 
 sleej) in the afternoon, but failed in both. A decided 
 improvement to-day in our accommodations ; the rear room 
 of the adjoining case-mate appropriated to our use as a 
 water closet, thus ridding us of one of the most offensive 
 nuisances that can be imagined in close and badly venti- 
 lated rooms. 
 
 Supper, reading an hour, cards a couple of hours — and 
 to bed. 
 
 September 21. Awoke very much refreshed and free 
 from pain, and rooms comparatively free from stench ; 
 made a cup of coffee, smoked and read the newspapers ; 
 very good breakfast, fish particularly good and well cooked ; 
 no letters from home to-day. The usual routine for the 
 morning, reading, writing and conversation until dinner ; 
 after dinner reading and cards until supper, — very poor 
 supper and very little of it, — so much so that Deputy 
 Provost swore vengeance against hotel keepers, cooks and 
 waiters: Deputy, however, was "tightly slight," and has 
 become our fast friend ever since he found where our liquor 
 closet was, and is beginning to entertain a very high 
 opinion of us, particularly as we do not go into the back 
 room when he is there, — an open box of cigars and some 
 fine old bologna sausage with a box of crackers in the 
 1* 
 
18 
 
 eioset has tended very much to increase his appreciation 
 of us. 
 
 Spent a very pleasant evening listening to Wallis read- 
 ing the "Prisoner of Chillon " and other pieces from 
 Byron ; went to hed at eleven and slept soundly. 
 
 September 22. — Sunday. Usual routine — received letters 
 from lj,ome and answered them; provisions and liquors 
 arriving from kind friends in Baltimore in sufficient quan- 
 tities to set up a hotel, with an upper and lower har ; the 
 latter was established some days since hy Quarter-master 
 W., and is well patronised, our legal friends having no 
 other bar to practice at, are faithfully doing duty at this 
 one, and the medical and mercantile members of our party 
 are following the example — spent the morning in reading; 
 dinner again remained on the wheelbarrow, outside, until 
 it got cold ; slept most of the afternoon — after supper read 
 aloud from the "Ingoldsby Legends," paced the floor for 
 exercise for an hour, smoked a pipe, and went to bed. 
 
 September 23. Rose at six, very good night's sleep, cup 
 of coffee and cigar and half an hour's exercise pacing the 
 floor. Deputy Provost came in with a message from Gren- 
 eral Wool to Mr. Winans, requesting the pleasure of his 
 company to breakfast — which we regarded, to use one of Ben 
 Deford's expressions, as " Catamount" to a release; take 
 it for granted that Revenue Johnson has received another 
 
 fee of five hundred dollars ; see him d d before he gets 
 
 a fee out of me for such service ; glad to see Winans re- 
 leased, he bore his confinement like a man ; after breakfast, 
 Winans returned in company with Major Hamilton, an aid 
 of G-eneral Wool, to get his baggage, and take leave of us ; 
 spent the morning in reading and writing, — no news- 
 papers to-day. 
 
 This being the anniversary of Dr. Thomas' birth day, 
 we spent an extra half hour at the dinner table in honor 
 of it ; I made coffee for the party, and with some fine old 
 sherry wine, that Winans left us, and some wild cherry 
 
19 
 
 bounce, contributed by Frank Howard, we had a good 
 time; toast by Pitts to Thomas ''May your next birth- 
 day be spent with your own mate and not in a case-mate;" 
 did not forget to drink Winans' health in the sherry he 
 left us. 
 
 Our quarters are getting gradually more comfortable, 
 perhaps because we are getting more accustomed to them ; 
 we have now a fire daily in the dining room which serves 
 to dry the air in all the rooms, and the officer who has 
 charge of ns (Deputy Provost Hunt) shows every disposi- 
 tion to attend to us, our greatest deprivation is, of exercise 
 in the open air; we suffer to some extent also for want of 
 light and v entilation. Major Hamilton stated to-day that 
 the General had every disposition to alleviate our condition, 
 but that hi s orders were rigid to keep us in close confine- 
 ment ; why it is necessary in carrying out those orders to 
 deprive us of light and air by closing and barring the 
 doors and wiLndows, we cannot conceive. 
 
 After dinn er played cards for a couple of hours ; in the 
 evening, Wa His read aloud from Byron. Went to bed at 
 eleven and si ept soundly. 
 
 September 24, Kose at seven and made cofiee ; feel very 
 well, entirely free from Lumbago; enjoyed breakfast very 
 much, pickin g broiled crabs, for which Warfield sent to 
 Baltimore ; n<3ne to be had at the hotel here, although the 
 shores swarm with them ; Yankees have not discovered 
 they are fit to eat; and although this is the heart of Gov. 
 Wise's "fund.iim" we have not seen an oyster, and have 
 not been able lo get one from the hotel ; the fish^ however^ 
 are very good^ and nicely cooked. No newspapers to-day: 
 Deputy says t/tie entire newspaper mail missed this morn- 
 ing; received letter mail at twelve, but nothing for me; 
 wrote to wife,, also to Dr. Chapman requesting him to 
 write to William H. Seward, and tell him how we are 
 treated here, with regard to light, air and exercise ;*' 
 
 * Seward expressed great astonishment when informed of our treatment, 
 insisted that Gen. Wool had mis -inter preti^^ his orders, which were to 
 
20 
 
 dinner to-day remained on the wheelbarrow outside the 
 door for one hour, waiting for Deputy Provost to come and 
 authorize its delivery ; vegetables of course cold, and not 
 fit to eat; another great annoyance arising from same 
 cause, is that we cannot pass into the water closet unless 
 the same personage is present to authorize it, although 
 water closet is in an adjoining casemate, and the door 
 guarded by a special sentinel ; suffered much inconvenience 
 to-day from having to wait more than an hour before 
 the officer could be found. After dinner, reading and con- 
 versation, evening passed in same way, to bed at ten and 
 slept soundly. 
 
 September 25. Arose at six o'clock; very good night's 
 sleep ; made cofiee for myself and the others as far as the 
 machine would go. At eight o'clock. Major Hamilton 
 made his appearance with orders from General Scott to 
 ship us to Fort LaFayette, New York harbor ; the boat to 
 start at two o'clock, P. M.; consumed the morning in 
 writing home and packing up, in which we were aided by 
 the Deputy Provost, who managed to steal nearly all our 
 stock of candles ; caught him at it, he excused himself on 
 the ground that he wanted them, and we could get plenty 
 more where we were going ; besides he said it was a steal- 
 ing business all round, and that it was through his man- 
 agement that they were obtained from the quartermaster ; 
 had an early dinner, and at the api3ointed hour left our 
 quarters with great ceremony, escorted by several hundred 
 soldiers under the command of a Dutch colonel, who, when 
 all was ready for a start, gave the order to '■'■advance for- 
 ivard ;" the rear guard being composed of all the idlers, 
 children and contraband negroes about the Fort ; reaching 
 the wharf, we were carefully counted and delivered over 
 
 keep us securely, but treat us kindly, and said he would immediately write 
 to General Wool on the subject. 
 
 General Wool, on the other hand, insisted that his orders were positive to 
 treat us with great rigor, feed us on soldier's rations, (which, however, 
 he did not do,) and permit no one to see us. 
 
21 
 
 to a Capt. Coster, who having properly receipted for us, 
 marched us with a guard of thirty men on board the 
 steamer George Peabody, Capt. Travers ; our Deputy Pro- 
 vost accompanied us to the boat, and actually shed tears 
 at parting with us, shaking hands several times with each 
 of us, (he had helped to pack our liquors,) no doubt he 
 considered our departure as a calamity, as his only chance 
 for an occasional drink and a good dinner departed with us. 
 The officer in charge gave orders that we should have 
 the liberty of the entire ship and the best of every thing 
 on board during the voyage : the latter order was entirely 
 unnecessary, as every one of the ship's crew, from the 
 captain down to the kitchen negroes, were 3Iarylanders ; 
 weather delightful at starting, but outside the Capes 
 encountered heavy ground swell from the east, the eifect 
 of the late storm, which made the ship roll heavily, and 
 most of the party sea-sick. The Captain of the Guard and 
 most of his men. very sick ; the perfect ease with which 
 the ship's course could be turned to the south was freely 
 discussed, and nothing but the belief that our imprison- 
 ment would be of short duration, prevented it from being 
 done ; when such of the -guard as were not too sick to go, 
 went in the cabin to supper, they stacked their guns in an 
 adjoining cabin, and about ten o'clock one of the negro 
 waiters came to me and whispered very confidentially that 
 ''none of them wanted to go to New York ;" went to bed 
 at eleven — slept but little from the motion of the ship and 
 the hardness of the bed. 
 
 September 26. Arose at six o'clock ; ship rolling so 
 badly that I could scarcely dress ; very unwell ; could not 
 eat any breakfast until ten o'clock, and very little then ; 
 locomotion very difiicult ; weather delightful, and would 
 have enjoyed it very much, but for the rolling of the ves- 
 sel ; Capt. Travers, his officers and crew, all very kind and 
 attentive to us ; the Captain placed his ship's stores at our 
 disposal, and would take no compensation ; arrived at 
 Fort LaFayette a4 four o'clock in the afternoon, and anchor- 
 
22 
 
 ed until the Captain of the Guard could communicate with 
 the commander of the Fort ; at five he returned with orders 
 for our deharkation ; went ashore in small hoat ; were 
 received and required to answer to our names at the wharf 
 stairs hy Lieut. Wood, the commander of the Fort, and 
 ushered into one of the battery rooms, already occupied by 
 twenty-four others — mostly Marylanders ; rather shock- 
 ed at the appearance of things as compared with our quar- 
 ters at Fortress Monroe ; luckily I brought my mattress 
 with me, as the Government furnishes nothing but an iron 
 bedstead, a pallet of straw, and a shoddy blanket ; and as 
 our arrival was unexpected, but Jive bags of straw could 
 be found for our whole party of fourteen ; and but for the 
 exertion of Mr. Davis, Police Commissioner, who imme- 
 diately set to work to borrow mattresses and blankets from 
 those who could, spare them, most of us would have been 
 without a bed of any kind. Baggage not coming in to get 
 sheets and blankets out, had to sleep in my clothes; finally 
 got fixed and went to sleep, but awakened b}^ the restless- 
 ness of my fellow ledgers half a dozen times during the 
 night. 
 
 September 27. Aroused at six by beating of drums ; got 
 up and went out to view the premises; not very inviting, 
 Fort built on a small island about half a mile from main 
 shore, island covering perhaps an acre, area of interior 
 about thirty-five yards square, surrounded by buildings 
 three stories high, the upper story of wood; Maryland 
 Penitentiary decidedly more prepossessing in apjiearance ; 
 fell in with a prisoner of war from Virginia, named Drane, 
 (whom I had met at Fort McHenry in my visits thither, 
 with clothing and food for the prisoners.) Was very glad to 
 see me and insisted on my going to his room to take a 
 wash, furnished me with fresh water and a clean towel, 
 did not know at the time how great a compliment it was, 
 as otherwise I would have been compelled to wash in salt 
 water. Made arrangements through Mr. Davis to have 
 our meals furnished bv Mrs. Graves, the wife of one of the 
 
23 
 
 sergeants, at fifty cents j)er meal, so I shall not suffer on 
 that score; those who have not the means or inclination to 
 make this arrangement, live on the rations furnished hy 
 the Government, consisting of salt pork or rather pork 
 fat, hard and soft hrea.d on alternate days, hean soup and 
 a liquid called coffee, sweetened with molasses, served up 
 on tin plates and cups. 
 
 Made a survey of our room — sixty-six hy twenty-two 
 feet — brick floor, occupied by thirty-eight people, (twenty- 
 three of tnem members of the Maryland Legislature, the 
 balance from Kentucky) containing five thirty-two pound 
 cannon with their cumbersome carriages, occupying fully 
 half the space in the room, thirty-eight iron bedsteads, 
 the baggage of all the occupants/, half a dozen chairs and 
 three wooden benches five feet long ; the Government with 
 great liberality has supplied for the accommodation of this 
 number of people, one small writing table, three wash 
 stands with bowls and pitchers, two water buckets, one 
 slop tub and one tin cup to drink out of, and furnishes two 
 candles at night, for the whole party, which are cut up in 
 small pieces, and distributed around, (did not anticipate 
 this or would have stopped Deputy Provost at Fortress 
 Monroe when I caught him stealing our candles; he is 
 and is not, a man of foresight.) 
 
 This room is ventilated by five port holes eighteen by 
 twenty-four inches, and during the day, by two of the 
 doors facing the interior of the Fort; the latter are closed 
 and locked at sun-set, and at 9.15 all lights must be put 
 out and we are left in utter darkness ; should any of the 
 inmates have to attend to calls of nature during the night, 
 he has to find his way to the door, and knock until the 
 sentinel chooses to hear him, which generally takes ten or 
 fifteen minutes ; the sentinel then goes after the Sergeant 
 of the Guard, which consumes about as much more time; 
 who conducts the applicant outside the Fort walls and 
 back again, when the door is closed and he is left to find 
 his bed as best he can, in the dark; a very difficult opera- 
 tion, as the room is too much crowded to admit of passages 
 
24 
 
 between the bedsteads, and the unfortunate generally 
 stumbles over and wakes up a dozen others, and leaves the 
 marks of the sharp iron legs of the bedsteads on his shins 
 before he finds his own place ; much confusion arose last 
 night from this cause, several of our party being quite 
 sick. 
 
 I foresaw this difficulty and obviated it by placing my 
 bed alongside the door ; I did not gain much however by 
 it, as I was awakened about once an hour by the thump- 
 ing at the door. 
 
 Occupied most of the morning in writing letters home : 
 weather cold and raw, had to write with a blanket wrapped 
 round my legs. 
 
 Very good dinner at three o'clock ; our mess consists of 
 forty persons, for which the sergeant receives our rations 
 and forty dollars per day, furnishing us Avith two meals. 
 From various little circumstances we assume that the 
 Commander of the Fort receives a larger share of the 
 profits than the sergeant and his wife do. After dinner we 
 lost two of our room-mates, Messrs. Brown and Warfield, 
 who have been removed to what is supposed better quarters 
 in one of the casemates, although I doubt it very much ; 
 they will have a more select set of companions, but only 
 one-third the amount of oxygen, which I esteem as the 
 most valuable commodity, under existing circumstances ; 
 the floor room will be the same, but the ceiling only one- 
 third the height; gained an accession to-day to our furni- 
 ture of three washstands, bowls and pitchers, — quite an 
 acquisition as it will give a wash basin to each six men 
 instead of each twelve, about dusk, one of the prisoners, 
 Mr. Sturdevant, was released and bade us adieu; locked up 
 at sun-set ; no supi)er : being provided with but two meals 
 per day, — enough however. 
 
 Terrific storm all the afternoon and night ; waves break- 
 ing over the sea walls ; and throwing spray to the top of 
 the Fort walls, tried to get to the rear early in the evening 
 but found it impossible to face the wind and spray ; was 
 aroused during the night by the sergeant coming in to 
 
25 
 
 count the prisoners ; — the Fort harge had disappeared and 
 it was feared some of us had escaped. 
 
 September 28. Arose at six and attended to domestic 
 duties — making hed, &c., — learned that the harge was 
 stolen last night hy two sentinels, who succeeded in mak- 
 ing their escape during the noise of the storm ; — the 
 empty boat was found this morning on the Staten Island 
 shore. Excellent breakfast at eight — wrote to William 
 Jones, New York, to send me another bed, some blankets, 
 bed linen, towels, &g., &g., — and gave an order to Sergeant 
 Graves to purchase for me a writing table, some candle- 
 sticks, (bottles are very inconvenient as they will topple 
 over,) pitchers, tumblers, tin cups, water buckets, &c.; 
 as there is every prospect of our remaining here for some 
 time, I shall go regularly to house-keeping ; after break- 
 fast, lost another of our room-mates, Mr. Wallis, who was 
 removed through the kind intervention of Mr. Davis to 
 better quarters ; sorry to part with him, but glad for his 
 own sake ; received in his place a new prisoner, an Eng- 
 lishman named Brayne, hailing from Tennessee, making 
 the number now in our room thirty-six. Passed the 
 morning in reading, writing, with some exercise, and in 
 learning the rules and regulations posted in our rooms for 
 our information ; — they were very numerous and got up in 
 the most pompous style ; — the commander, in signing his 
 name, imitated the famous signature of " John Hancock." 
 We were ordered to be respectful and obedient to the 
 soldiers, who in turn were ordered to speak to us always 
 in a "peremptory" manner; we were directed to have our 
 rooms cleaned up before nine o'clock, when they would be 
 inspected ; we were to visit the water closet not over four 
 times during the day and twice during the night, and the 
 sentinels were expressly charged not to permit us to 
 "loiter there;" we were to put out the lights at quarter 
 past nine, (the garrison clock from some cause or other 
 was kept three-quarters of an hour too fast;) we were 
 informed that " conversation " after that hour was "strict- 
 2 
 
26 
 
 ly prohibited;" we were told that our letters must be 
 short, plainly written, respectful to the officers, and that 
 each letter, no matter what might be its object or contents, 
 should have the following postscript added to it, signed by 
 the writer: ^^ It is my desire that this letter, or any part 
 thereof, shall not be published in any neiuspaperf* and we 
 were notified if we had any complaint to make, we could 
 address the Commander in writing, provided it was done 
 in " respectful language." 
 
 Spent the afternoon in visiting the neighbors and getting 
 acquainted with them. There are now in the Fort one hun- 
 dred and seventeen prisoners confined in six rooms. Num- 
 bers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are small casemates fourteeTj by twenty- 
 two feet, arched, five feet high at the spring of the arch, and 
 eight feet in the centre,, with two very small slits in the wall 
 for windows and no ventilation when the door is closed, and 
 have respectively, nine, fifteen, ten and nine occupants. The 
 inmates of No. 2 are captured privateersmen and sailors, 
 taken in attempting to run the blockade, and are all kept 
 in chains, not allowed to have beds, or permitted to take 
 any exercise ; they sleep on the naked floor with their 
 chains on. Some charitable people offered to furnish them 
 with beds, but the commander refused permission. The 
 sailors (not privateersmen) are with one exception British 
 subjects, and were captured on British vessels bound from 
 Nova Scotia to North Carolina. The week before we 
 arrived there were twenty-eight confined in that room; 
 part were released on taking the oath of allegiance to the 
 United States, and part sent to the Tombs in New York. 
 
 * This regulation was, for a while, a source of amusement, letters were 
 daily sent to New York for such little articles as the prisoners required, 
 one would want a hat, a shirt or a pair of boots half-soled, another a tin 
 cup, a pack of cards, a pound of tobacco, a wash bowl or some other 
 article of crockery, and at the foot of each letter would be the required 
 postscript — '' It is my desire that this letter, or any part thereof, shall not 
 be published in any newspaper. ' ' 
 
 Finally the thing became so ridiculous that it was dropped on both sides 
 by common consent. 
 
2T 
 
 No. 5 is a battery room with four cannon and thirty-six 
 occupants, fifty by twenty-two feet. 
 
 No. 6 is also a battery room, sixty-six by twenty-two 
 feet, with thirty-eight occupants. 
 
 Among the prisoners may be found representatives of 
 every grade of society or condition of life, of the highest 
 development of intellect, and of its lowest grade, even to 
 the idiot — one of the latter having been sent hither from 
 Kentucky as a ''prisoner of State"!!! instead of being 
 sent to a lunatic asylum. 
 
 Among the prisoners are those who have been, or are. 
 Governors of States, Foreign Ministers, members of Con- 
 gress and of different State Legislatures, Mayor and Police 
 Commissioners, officers of the Army from Colonels to Lieu- 
 tenants; of the Navy of all grades, doctors, civil, naval 
 and military; lawyers, merchants, farmers, mechanics, 
 (especially machinists and inventors, whom the Govern- 
 ment regards as a dangerous class); editors of newspapers, 
 religious and political, (Government don't like them); 
 soldiers, sailors and privateersmen, (called by courtesy 
 "pirates.") As much of what the world calls "good 
 society," and perhaps more of intelligence and cultivated 
 intellect, may be found within the walls of this prison 
 than could be found outside of it, even in a party of the 
 same number selected for the purpose, and in the average 
 of the aggregate, far more than would be met with in our 
 fashionable places of resort. 
 
 Twenty-seven of them are prisoners of war, and of course 
 subject to all the chances of war ; they know why they are 
 here. The other ninety are called "Prisoners of State," a 
 term happily hitherto unknown on this side of the Atlantic, 
 were nearly all taken from their beds at night by gangs of 
 armed men, by the orders of Wm. H. Seward, the Secre- 
 tary of State, not permitted to pack their clothing, or even 
 see their families ; many of them confined in loathsome 
 jails (in chains or not, according to the whims of their 
 guards) before reaching here ; none of them arrested by 
 any warrant or process of law, but hurried ofi" by night to 
 
28 
 
 prevent the possibility of any rescue by means of the law, 
 and not one of them knowing why he was arrested, or the 
 existence of any charge against him. Who could have 
 believed, a year since, that in that short space of time a 
 state of affairs would exist here that could only find a 
 parallel in the worst days of Italy or Austria ! Who does 
 not remember how our sympathies were excited, and our 
 indignation aroused, but a few years since, in reading the 
 accounts of midnight domiciliary arrests^in Vienna, Venice 
 or Naples, and how we wondered that a people could be so 
 debased and degraded as to submit to it ; and yet we now 
 see the same despotic tyranny exercised in our boasted 
 land of freedom, only by a mechanism a thousand times 
 coarser and more brutal, and a large portion of the people 
 absolutely applauding it, glorying in the shame, and 
 boasting of the degredation and destruction of the liberties 
 of their country. 
 
 " CASTE AT FORT LAFAYETTE. 
 
 "Treason is frequently regarded as a gentlemanly crime, and the per- 
 son guilty of it often pretends to a daintiness to which common felons are 
 forbidden to aspire. Hence the traitors in the present rebellion claim and 
 receive British sympathy, not because they do not richly deserve the 
 halter, but because they are "gentlemen." The Tories of the Revolu- 
 tion made similar pretensions. Rev. Dr. Duche once wrote a letter to 
 General Washington, urging him to abandon the patriot cause on the 
 ground that he was a gentleman, whereas the members of Congress from 
 New England and other Revolutionary leaders were not. 
 
 " A gentleman of this city, a native of a Southern State, having occasion 
 to visit Fort LaFayette, was addressed upon this subject. He found there 
 ninety-seven prisoners, divided, like Hindoo society, into four castes, 
 each possessing a social status of its own. 
 
 " 'When we first came here,' said his informant, 'we suffered much in- 
 convenience, and our residence was made disagreeable. We were asso- 
 ciated promiscuously together, not classified, and were confounded with 
 the vulgar characters whom the Government had seen fit to incarcerate 
 with us. Gentlemen of refined tastes were compelled to associate with 
 traders, common sailors, and the like; to sit at the same table and eat 
 similar food. It is now improved. There are ninety-seven of us here, 
 and we have been divided into groups and companies, more in accordance 
 with our tastes, making it much i^leasantcr. 
 
 " ' Thus we have here a number of sailors. They constitute two classes. 
 One class is made up of pirates outright, who enlist without regard to 
 
29 
 
 principles or consequences. The other is composed of seamen who have 
 been employed on vessels which were attempting to run the blockade. 
 They were generally engaged upon the pretext of being employed in the 
 West India trade, and had no idea or knowledge of being concerned in 
 acts of this character. 
 
 " 'Then there is a third class — the traders. These are purely mercen- 
 ary. They have been arrested and placed here for such offences as sup- 
 plying arms and munitions of war to the Rebels, and would seldom omit 
 an opportunity for traffic if money was to be made, no matter what was 
 the character of the business. Gentlemen do not like to associate with 
 such men on terms of familiarity. 
 
 "'Among the gentlemen present are ex- Governor Morehead, Mr. 
 Faulkner, Mr. Smith, Marshal Kane, the Police Commissioners of Balti- 
 more, &c. These are State prisoners, and should be confined in a sepa- 
 rate place. With them are others who belong to a sub- class — respectable 
 men, but not moving in higher circles. The members of the Legislature 
 of Maryland are of this character.' 
 
 "As he was expatiating upon this subject, Marshal Kane came along 
 and invited our informant to come and see the Legislature of Maryland at 
 dinner. They were seated in an apartment at a plain pine table. The 
 food was bread without butter, and coffee without milk. Each man had 
 a tin cup, but no other table service. 
 
 "The lack of these elegances greatly annoys the 'gentlemen' at Fort 
 LaFayette, and they are of the opinion that they ought to be immured in 
 some ' respectable' place of confinement. They would tolerate their con- 
 dition of durance if their instincts were better regarded." — N. Y. Post. 
 
 This is a specimen of the bogus letters that almost daily 
 appeared in the New York papers. No such visitor was 
 at the Fort ; no such conversation occurred. The sailors 
 and privateersmen whom the writer separates into two 
 classes were all kept in one room, and all in irons ; the 
 other prisoners were herded together without any attempt 
 at classification, save that ahout forty who had the means 
 to incur the expense formed a mess, conducted by the Ser- 
 geant's wife, who drew our rations and charged us in ad- 
 dition fifty cents per meal and gave us her room to eat in. 
 
 Another letter, published the same day in another New 
 York paper, described our fare as fully equal to any of the 
 New York hotels, and that we were given the roof of the 
 Fort for a promenade, where we could be seen any evening 
 enjoying the beautiful scenery and sunsets. Said roof was 
 of shingles, covered with moss, and pitched at an angle of 
 forty-five degrees. 
 
30 
 
 Among the ''prisoners of State" was one who received 
 his discharge a few days since ; he was a poor deformed 
 man, who made his bread by selling newspapers on the 
 street ; and having been found with some contraband news- 
 papers under his arm, (the New York Daily Neivs,) was sent 
 to Fort LaFayette ; his captors, perhaps getting ashamed 
 of it, sent orders for his release on taking that universal 
 panacea, the "oath of allegiance" to the United States 
 ''Government ;" he was sent for, and taken to the command- 
 er's office, who asked him if he were willing to take the 
 oath ; he replied, certainly he was willing to take any oath 
 to obtain his release, and would, with pleasure, if desired, 
 swear that he never was in Fort LaFayette^ and never heard 
 of such a place ; the commander then commenced reading 
 the oath, but the news-man stopped him, saying he would 
 sign it and swear to it, but would not read or listen to it, 
 as he did not care what it contained ; he accordingly took 
 the oath in his own way, underwent the usual search^, and 
 departed with as little • weight on his conscience as if he 
 had not gone through the necessary form. After "lock- 
 up" played cards on the gun carriage with Mr. Harrison, 
 Frank Howard, and Dr. Thomas, until nine and went to 
 bed ; much annoyed during the night by several of the 
 prisoners being sick and having to call the guard to take 
 them to the rear, my bed being alongside the door, I was 
 awakened frequently during the night, had to go out my- 
 self, and in the dark fell over a broken flag staff in the 
 yard and hurt myself badly — slept cold and restless. 
 
 September 29. — Sunday. Up early, made a cup of coffee 
 and smoked a cigar, the last one I had ; made bed and got 
 ready for breakfast ; after breakfast, had a visit of inspec- 
 tion from Commander Wood, the Jirst time he has honored 
 us with his presence ; then an official visit from the doctor 
 of the garrison, first time we have seen him, although we 
 tried very hard to get a sight of him two or three days 
 ago, when one of the prisoners was sick ; pointed out 
 to him the unhealthy condition of our quarters, and the 
 
31 
 
 impossiLility of preserving our health, if continued in them 
 for any length of time. The doctor fully acknowledged 
 the case, and promised to make a report setting forth the 
 facts : said report, when he finds time to make it, will go 
 to Commander Wood, then to Col. Burke at Fort Hamilton , 
 then to G-eneral Scott, then to the War Department, and 
 the answer will come hack through the same channels, so 
 we may expect in a few weeks some answer to our appeal 
 for a modification of our discomforts. On our arrival here, 
 our pockets were emptied by the commandant, who kindly 
 took charge of our finances, and informed us he would 
 accept our orders on him for necessary expenses, and prom- 
 ised to send us a receipt for the money he had taken next 
 morning ; as the receipt did not come, I sent a special mes- 
 sage for it, and obtained it. 
 
 Letters distributed to-day ; nothing for me ; no religious 
 services ; so occupied the morning in promenading the 
 court, in reading the newspapers and writing ; much diffi- 
 culty to-day about water ; we were put on short allowance 
 the day after we reached here, and to-day only permitted 
 to draw a cup-full at a time, but so far have managed to 
 secure a little to wash my face with ; what little we get is 
 the dregs of the cistern ;* very offensive to the sight and 
 smell ; I have counted in a single glass twenty fully devel- 
 oped tadpoles, varying in length from a quarter to five- 
 eighths of an inch — the barbarity of this treatment may 
 be better understood when it is stated that fresh water is 
 very abundant within half a mile, and there are empty 
 cisterns in the Fort with a capacity of forty thousand gal- 
 lons that could be filled by the water boats in the same 
 manner as ships are supplied, at very little expense. I 
 suggested this to the commander, who replied it could not 
 be done without permission from Washington. 
 
 *I have since been informed by army officers that the Fort had not been 
 garrisoned for more than twenty years, and the cisterns had not been 
 cleaned for that length of time, which accounts for their filthy condition ; it 
 was not deemed necessary to cleaij them for the occupants of a "State 
 Prison." 
 
32 
 
 Dinner ^at four ; exercise and conversation until aiXy 
 when the doors are locked, and our allowance of hvo can- 
 dles cut up and distributed ; Mr. Harrison read a sermon 
 for us ; went to bed at nine, and had a good night's sleep. 
 
 September 30. Delightful morning ; feel very well, and 
 nearly over the soreness arising from my fall ; succeeded 
 in getting permission from the commander to employ one 
 of the soldiers to clean up our room. 
 
 Heretofore we have had our washing done on the main 
 land, through one of the sergeants, and very nicely done, 
 at seventy-five cents per dozen ; orders were issued to-day 
 that in future no clothes should be sent out of the Fort to 
 be washed, and gentlemen who desired to have their clothes 
 washed could have it done by sending them to the com- 
 mandant's quarters, whose wife would superintend it ; don't 
 exactly understand how the clothes of over a hundred per- 
 sons can be washed inside the Fort when we can't get fresh 
 water to wash our faces, and barely enough to quench 
 our thirst ; rather .think it is a financial scheme of the 
 Grovernor to increase his own or his wife's revenue ; passed 
 the morning as usual, reading, walking, &c.; after dinner 
 Mr. Gruthrie, of Virginia, was sent for, and release tendered 
 him on condition of taking the oath, which he declined, 
 and returned to his quarters. 
 
 Played cards in the evening with Governor Morehead 
 and Mr. Barr on the top of the washstand, find it better 
 for that purpose than the gun carriage, but expect a table 
 soon, having sent to New York for one. With our limited 
 light it is impossible to read at night, and cards are our 
 only means of beguiling the time. 
 
 October 1. Best very much broken by the noise of the 
 sick calling the Sergeant of the Guard to take them to the 
 rear, the door is out of gear and opens with much difficulty 
 and noise, and as my bed is but three feet from it, I get the 
 full benefit ; did not get over two hours' sleep during the 
 whole night. 
 
33 
 
 Mail this morning, brings nothing for me, five days 
 here, and not a line from home ; occupied the morning in 
 reading the papers, writing and visiting the neighbors; 
 find many agreeable gentlemen among them. Mr. Henry 
 May had a visit from one of his friends, a Major in the 
 Federal army, and a long conversation with him. May 
 freely stated the inhuman manner in which we were 
 treated ; officer admitted it and plead stringency of orders 
 from Washington, and want of accommodations at Fort 
 LaFayette for so many prisoners, said the Government was 
 preparing two Forts in Boston harbor for the reception of 
 political prisoners, when they would be more comfortable ; 
 this looks like a winter's confinement in the worst climate 
 in the United States ; — if the arrangements are no better 
 than here, we shall lose half our number before spring ; 
 many of them being old men, and others very delicate and 
 frail in their persons. 
 
 After dinner, smoked and promenaded until sun-set, 
 played euchre till nine and went to bed. 
 
 October 2. Up at day-break, noisy and sleepless night 
 among the sick ; after breakfast visited the privateers' 
 room ; found seventeen in the room, — found thirteen in 
 chains, three cooking for the other prisoners, and one 
 very ill, lying on the floor on a blanket, receiving no 
 medical attention, ivhatever; no beds, and some without 
 blankets ; (some discharged last week being British sub- 
 jects, nevertheless required to take the oath of allegiance 
 to the United States ;) took them some bologna sausage 
 and my stock of soft bread, which I no longer require, 
 and made a pitcher of lemonade for the sick man ; — two 
 of the political prisoners released this morning ; Mr. Fisk 
 of New Orleans, who bought his way out,* and a Mr. Bate- 
 
 * The only person who appeared to have free access to the Fort and the 
 prisoners, was a lawyer from New York, William H. Ludlow, Esq. 
 
 This gentleman, according to Fort gossip, had been at one time the law 
 partner of Mr. Seward, and was ready, at any moment, for a proper 
 coasideration, to take up the case of any prisoner who was wearied of 
 
34 
 
 man, au English subject, who was released through the 
 intervention of Lord Lyons. Capital thing, now a days, 
 to be a subject of Queen Victoria, wish my great-great 
 grandfather had staid on to'ther side the water ;'^ lost one 
 of our room-mates, Mr. Pitts, who takes Mr. Fisk's 
 vacant place in another room, but gained three others, 
 who were brought in to-day, Mr. Loyall of Norfolk, Ya., 
 Mr. Stevens of Charleston, S. C, and Mr. Butt of Ports- 
 mouth, Ya.; all lieutenants in the Navy, just arrived from 
 long voyages, knowing nothing of the state of affairs here, 
 but being natives of the South, and refusing to engage in 
 a war with their own people, taken out of their ships and 
 sent here ; they were fortunate in bringing their mattresses 
 and bedding with them, as nothing is supplied now to the 
 new comers but an iron gridiron bedstead. 
 
 Passed the balance of the morning in reading and visit- 
 ing the other prisoners, sent very polite note to Sergeant of 
 the Guard for a bottle of my whiskey ; (which was taken 
 from me for safe keeping at the gate on my arrival) re- 
 ceived it, took one drink and passed it round, bottle came 
 back — empty. After dinner promenaded for an hour and 
 retired to my den, received a few articles I ordered from 
 New York, as did most of the others, small pine table, 
 bucket, tin cup, wash bowl, &c., &c., and half a dozen 
 candlesticks, and last, but not least, a box of good . sperm 
 
 Fort life ; he received a number of fees, but on the whole was not as 
 successful, nor found it as profitable, as did an eminent lawyer of Balti- 
 more, who was employed for the same purpose. Some of the prisoners 
 were disposed to give Ludlow the preference, supposing his former con- 
 nexion with Seward would give him the inside track — but, in November, 
 an order came to Fort Warren, from Mr. Seward, repudiating lawyers in 
 general and Ludlow in particular, and forbidding the prisoners to employ 
 any of them, nevertheless, the Baltimore lawyer was subsequently and 
 successfully employed. 
 
 Ludlow, finding himself thus shut out, turned his attention to military 
 matters and was made a Major and soon after a Colonel; he was the 
 Military Secretary of General Dix, in Baltimore, and is now the Commis- 
 sioner for the Exchange of Prisoners, in both positions I have always 
 beard him kindly spoken of. 
 
35 
 
 candles, so am now independent of the United States as far 
 as artificial light is concerned ; threw away the candlestick 
 bottles, lighted four candles, and in honor of the event, 
 got up a game of euchre on my new pine table. Such a 
 flood of light had never before been witnessed in Battery 
 Koom No. 6, Fort LaFayette, and as merit always meets 
 its reward (poetically) I won enough to pay for the light, — 
 however, it won't amount to much, as none of the losers 
 have a cent in their pockets, but to make the game more 
 interesting, we imagined the money on the table. Went 
 to bed at nine, and for the first time had an uninterrupted 
 sleep till morning. 
 
 October 3. Up at daylight and made a thorough ablu- 
 tion, having contrived to get fresh water enough for the 
 purpose ; spent a couple of hours in cleaning up my house- 
 hold furniture, and finding places for it; find a gun car- 
 riage almost equal to a closet for stowing things away. 
 
 Visited sick privateer; Fort Doctor does not pay the 
 slightest attention to him, Drs. Mills and Lynch of our 
 party got permission to visit and attend to him — sent him 
 sotne lemons and loaf sugar. 
 
 Still no letter from home or from New York whither I 
 wrote a week ago for bedding, &c., my letters have 
 certainly been suppressed ; wrote home again ; seven of the 
 privateers removed this morning to the jail in New York, 
 leaving but ten in their room. 
 
 Unexpected liberality to-day on the j)art of the Gov- 
 ernment; each one in our room who was without bedding, 
 furnished with a very good moss mattress, very scant in 
 size, that is, in length, breadth and thickness ; a pillow 
 and pillow slip and two cotton sheets, great rejoicing 
 thereat; more trouble about drinking water, not allowed 
 to draw a pitcher full, may take a glass to the pump — 
 nothing more — great disgust of Dr. Thomas on viewing 
 the small tadpoles in his glass of water as he held it up 
 to the light to examine it, before putting it to his lips ; 
 would have given a five dollar bill for his photograph at 
 
36 
 
 that moment, with the expression of mingled horror, 
 loathing and disgust depicted on his countenance; told 
 him if the tadpoles could stand it, he certainly could, and 
 down it went, with an awfully wry face. Lost another 
 prisoner to-day, Mr. Guthrie of Fetershurg, Virginia ; 
 released on parole of honor not to visit or correspond with 
 the South. 
 
 Had a talk to-day with one of the sergeants about the 
 insolent manner in which the sentries speak to the 
 prisoners. The garrison consists of eighty-four men, all 
 of them Irish except two sergeants, and one private, who 
 is German ; the privates are, as a body, the most villian- 
 ous looking set of miscreants I ever laid eyes on, and their 
 behavior is in perfect consonance with their personal 
 appearance ; several of them are known to the naval officers 
 among us as having been in the marine service, and been 
 drummed out as incorrigible. The three sergeants are 
 really decent men in their sphere, were old army soldiers, 
 sent to the Fort as drill officers, and possess as much in- 
 telligence and more good manners than would be found in 
 the average of the volunteer colonels and majors in the 
 Federal service. 
 
 The Lieutenant Commanding was a Baggage Master 
 or Conductor on the Si)ringfield Kail Koad in Illinois, 
 and was detailed by his employers to take charge of 
 Mrs, Lincoln's baggage when she removed to Washington, 
 which duty he performed so well, that he was rewarded 
 with a commission in the United States regular army ; a 
 coarse, vulgar fellow without the remotest idea of what 
 belonged to his position as an officer in the army, or even 
 the jailor of a political prison, — but with all the pomposity 
 common to his class and calibre, when placed in a position 
 above their capacity. 
 
 The sergeant promised to do his best to stop the insolence 
 of the soldiers. 
 
 Usual game of cards in the evening ; a nice cup of tea 
 made by Mr. Harrison, with some Maryland biscuit ; 
 some fine music from Lieutenant Butt's violin, and to bed. 
 
37 
 
 October 4. Anniversary of my birth day, awoke witli 
 a severe headaclie, slept badly ; headache no doubt caused 
 from breathing impure air, went to the privateers' room 
 to see how the sick man was, found him no better. " Our 
 keepers grow compassionate," guard came in to take the 
 chains off the privateers' legs ; the chains give but a step 
 of twelve inches, and noticed that the poor fellows, after 
 they were off, from the force of long habit, still took the 
 twelve inch step ; received letters from home, all well, 
 spent the morning in writing and visiting neighbors, 
 champagne at dinner to-day, present to our mess through 
 Frank Howard, from Hiram Cranston, of the New York 
 Hotel, enjoyed it very much. My talk with the sergeant 
 about the insolence of the soldiers has had some effect, for 
 this morning one of them came into our room, and said 
 very politely, " Gentlemen, the hour for walking has 
 arrived," and at eight o'clock another came in and 
 said, "Gentlemen, breakfast is ready," being the first 
 time we have been recognized as Gentlemen ! in this den. 
 
 Sick privateer removed to-day to hospital on Staten 
 Island, through the representations of Mr. Henry May, 
 who wrote to his brother, Colonel May, to use his influence 
 to have him removed from here, where death was certain. 
 
 Spent the afternoon as usual, smoking, walking and 
 gossiping until lock-up, played cards for an hour with 
 Harrison, Howard and Gordon, listened to some fine 
 music from Lieutenant Butt's violin, and at the last tap 
 of the drum went to bed. The drum tells us when to get 
 up, when to go to our rooms, when to commence undress- 
 ing, and when to put out the lights ; — I am getting quite 
 accustomed to it. 
 
 October 5. Awoke with severe pains in back and chest, 
 and return of Lumbago; made coffee and drank an ex- 
 cellent anti-fogmatic concocted by Colonel Kane ; after 
 breakfast headache left me, and in all probability would 
 not have returned had I not visited No. 3, where my 
 friends had some good whiskey, and I took just one drink 
 
38 
 
 too much ; passed the morning as usual, reading the 
 papers, writing and gossip. Dinner at four, champagne 
 again, the last of Mr. Cranston's kind rememhrance. At 
 five o'clock ordered to our quarters and locked up for half 
 an hour ; great commotion in the garrison, drums beat to 
 arms, sally-port closed, and cannon fired immediately over 
 us in the second story — supposed it was to drill the men 
 for a sudden attack, hut subsequently discovered it was to 
 bring to a suspicious looking vessel that was passing out 
 the harbor without answering the signal of the revenue 
 cutter ; the firing of the cannon shook the old Fort to its 
 foundation, and knocked the plaster in large quantities 
 from the walls in our room ; locked up again at six, and 
 went to bed to the sound of Butt's violin. 
 
 October 6. — Sunday. Good night's rest, although very 
 warm and close, was aroused about ten o'clock last night 
 by fresh arrival of prisoners — fourteen in number, all from 
 Kentucky, two of them put in our room, making our num- 
 ber now thirty-six. 
 
 Most of them appear to be farmers, arrested doubtless 
 to intimidate their respective neighborhoods ;* all of them 
 
 * How far this supposition was true may be judged from the following, 
 taken fi'om the printed proceedings of the United States Senate — the sub- 
 ject of arbitrary arrests being under discussion. 
 
 Mr. Powell said he desired to show the particular nature of some of 
 these cases of arrest, and the personal action of the Secretary of State. 
 He read a letter from a citizen of Kentucky, who he said was highly 
 respectable and an undoubted Unioia man, dated Maysville, May 5th, 1862, 
 which says : 
 
 ' ' ' While Colonel Stanton of this city, was still a prisoner at Fort LaFay- 
 ette, his brother-in-law, Colonel Throop, employed (through an agency) 
 Mr. Charles T. Mitchell, of Flemingsburg, formerly a member of Con- 
 gress from New York, and as I knew an intimate friend and correspond- 
 ent of Seward's, to accompany him (Throop) to Washington, to promote 
 Colonel Stanton's release. They were joined at Washington by Frederick 
 Stanton, a brother of Colonel S. The three called on Seward, T. 
 being introduced by M. They opened their mission by remarking that 
 they had called to see him in reference to the Maysville prisoners. He 
 abruptly replied that those prisoners would not be released. Fred, asked: 
 ' What are the charges against my brother ?' Seward replied : 'There are 
 
39 
 
 without a particle of clothing, except what they had on, 
 and no money, and most of them ragged and dirty ; Gov- 
 ernor Morehead immediately set to work to procure clothes 
 for them, which he did at his own expense. 
 
 At ten o'clock, Lieutenant Stevens of the Navy read the 
 Episcopal Church Service, and a sermon from Spurgeon, 
 to a large audience, in our room, and in a very effective 
 manner ; after service, visited a neighboring room where 
 I found a handsome lunch set out, received partly from 
 kind friends in Baltimore, and partly from New York ; 
 cold ducks, pickles, brandy peaches, cheese, biscuits, &c., 
 with some excellent whiskey, enjoyed it very much, 
 regretted it was not in my power to reciprocate, wrote for 
 an hour until dinner ; champagne again on the table, 
 the kind gift of Pierce Butler, of Philadelphia, to our 
 mess — water to-day undrinkable, each glass would average 
 a dozen tadpoles from one-quarter to one-half inch long 
 without counting the smaller fish ; can't use it without 
 straining, made a private arrangement with sergeant 
 Graves to furnish me with two pitchers of iced spring 
 water, which he can get from the main land, to be 
 delivered at sun-set, daily ; this enabled me to give a 
 
 no charges against him on file,' and added that the business of his oflBce 
 pressed him too much to entertain inquiries or give explanations. One 
 inquired if it was his purpose to keep citizens imprisoned against whom 
 
 no charge was made? He answered hastily: 'I don't care a d n 
 
 whether they are guilty or innocent. I saved Maryland by similar arrests, 
 and so I mean to hold Kentucky.' To this it was remarked that the Leg- 
 islature and public sentiment of Kentucky were averse to such arrests. 
 
 'I don't care a d n for the opinion of Kentucky,' he insultingly 
 
 responded, adding that what he required was to hold her in the Union, 
 and make her fight for it ; and then turning fiercely on Mitchell, demand- 
 ed of him, 'Why the hell are you not at home fighting traitors, instead of 
 seeking their release here ?' This is the substance of the interview, aa 
 related to me by Col. Throop.' 
 
 "Mr. Powell also referred to a letter he had received from A. B. Eshel- 
 man, a person whom he did not know, who stated that he is a citizen of 
 Bourbon county, Ky., and has been seven months a prisoner, without 
 charge, &c. This letter is endorsed by L. C. Brown, Post Surgeon at 
 Camp Chase, Ohio, saying he believed the statements therein to be true, 
 and that Eshelman is a good Union man." 
 
40 
 
 glass of water to eacli of room-mates during the evening, 
 read Tennyson and Macauley until nine and went to bed. 
 
 October 7. Usual morning routine, prison life becom- 
 ing very monotonous, one day marvellously like another ; 
 large arrival of prisoners to-day — three North Carolina 
 gentlemen, passengers on board an English vessel from 
 Halifax to Hatteras Inlet ; — not being aware of the cap- 
 ture of the Forts, and seeing the Confederate flag still 
 flying at Fort Hatteras, ran in and anchored under the 
 guns of the Fort, and did not know any better until the 
 Federal officers came on board and took possession of them, 
 Captain Berry of Brooklyn, Commander of one of the 
 New York and Charleston steamers, and eighteen sailors 
 taken from various vessels, which were captured while en- 
 deavoring to run the blockade ; most of them from English 
 vessejs ; they were all immediately put in irons and quar- 
 tered in the privateers' room, making thirty in that room 
 fourteen by twenty-two feet — and equalising the arch, but 
 six and a half feet in height — almost, if not quite equal 
 to the Black Hole of Oalcutta — Captain Berry * placed in 
 
 * Captain Berry was very much alarmed until lie reached our room, he 
 was kept in the Guard House until all the prisoners who came with him 
 were ironed, and took it for granted he was to share their fate, until he 
 was brought to other quarters, although naturally red in the face, he came 
 in very pale; we found him an agreeable comi^anion, intelligent, and 
 liberal with his means, he slei>t along side of me when Mr. Harrison left 
 our room. He was released in the early part of May and died shortly 
 after his arrival home in Brooklyn, from a fit of apoplexy, with which he 
 had several times been threatened while in Fort Warren. He was the 
 pioneer of steam navigation between New York and Charleston, and 
 commanded the Steamer Columbia at the commencement of the War, his 
 offence was hoisting the Palmetto flag while going into Charleston; he 
 made several trips after the secession of South Carolina, and was in the 
 habit of displaying the State flag of South Carolina when entering Charles- 
 ton harbor, and the United States flag when entering New York harbor. 
 He was a large property holder in both cities. The telegram on which 
 he was arrested described him as " a dangerous man going at large.^^ — 
 The Palmetto flag had been used by him as above stated for fifteen years, 
 as the private signal of his ship, a finer specimen of the frank, manly, and 
 open hearted sailor, or a less ^''dangerous'''' man to the Government could 
 -not be found. 
 
41 
 
 our room, made a bed for him with my rocking chair and 
 some benches, and a pallet of straw, — drinking water 
 entirely out, received my two pitchers of ice water from 
 sergeant Graves and served it round in our room, a small 
 glass full to each, played cards for a couple of hours and 
 went to bed ; awful stench in room from some undiscovered 
 cause. 
 
 October 8. Awoke at day break after a good night's 
 sleep, which surprised everybody in the room except the 
 Governor, as all of them were awake most of the night 
 from the stench and closeness of the room ; did not make 
 coffee this morning as the tadpoles predominated over the 
 water ; at nine, a north-east rain storm set in, which 
 confined us to our rooms and compelled us to put on 
 overcoats ; but we will be compensated by the cisterns 
 being partially filled, which will give us water to drink. 
 Mail came in, no letters for me, but received the Baltimore 
 papers, the "American" full of lies in regard to us, and 
 known lo be so by the Editors, — had to remain in doors 
 all the morning in consequence of the storm, very cold and 
 raw, moderated in the afternoon sufiicient to promenade 
 for an hour ; usual game of cards in the evening, and to 
 bed at nine. 
 
 October 9. Very cold and raw morning ; how we are 
 to remain here during the winter can't imagine, our 
 room is very much exposed to the weather, Avith a brick 
 floor and no fireplace ; and when the doors are shut, no 
 light. The arrangements here for prisoners would dis- 
 grace any half civilized nation. Had to read and write 
 to-day with an overcoat on and a blanket wrapped round 
 me ; — heard from home, wife very much distressed at my 
 absence, and the prospect of its continuance; at noon 
 Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Warfield, Mr. Daniel Warfield, and 
 the sister and neice of Mr. Harrison, visited the Fort by 
 special permit of General Scott, and were permitted to 
 converse with their friends for an hour in the presence and 
 2* 
 
42 
 
 iieaiiiig of the Commandant; saw them at a distance and 
 thought it an unpleasant interview for all the parties ; 
 they all seemed to think our detention would not he 
 very long. 
 
 Fourteen of the sailor prisoners discharged to-day — 
 mostly subjects of foreign powers, all of them required to 
 take the oath of allegiance, — one of them, Captain Bark- 
 lie of Nassau, Captain of an English vessel from Nassau 
 to Cliarleston, prevented two or three of his own crew from 
 taking tlie op.th, by telling them they would lose the pro- 
 tection of their own government, for which interference 
 he is promised punishment, and will doubtless receive it.* 
 
 Had a visit from Major Clitz^ an officer from Fort Ham- 
 ilton, who went through our room, and agreed with us 
 that the accommodations were disgraceful to the Govern- 
 ment, but could do nothing for us, — was a soldier and had 
 to obey orders, — said the scarcity of water should be obvia- 
 ted by sending water from New York twice a week, — 
 advised us to draw up a statement of the facts and forward 
 it to the President, — did so, which was signed by most of 
 the prisoners ; wrote home giving some description of our 
 prison life ; received a small lot of stationery, my portion 
 of a present from Miss Lucas of Baltimore, to the Balti- 
 more delegation, very opportune, for most of mine had 
 been used by my fellow prisoners. 
 
 After dinner, usual exercise, and cards at night with 
 Messrs. May, Howard, and Thomas ; the drum sent us to 
 bed at half past eight, the rules give us to 9.15, but to suit 
 the convenience of somebody, the Fort clock is made too 
 fast by three-quarters of an hour. 
 
 * He did receive it, for a day or two afterwards he was removed to the 
 common Jail in New York, and a couple of weeks afterwards sent to Bed- 
 loe's Island, where he was kept inclose confinement; — on the general 
 transfer of prisoners to Fort Warren, he was sent thither and quartered 
 in No. 45, — he was there, however, subject to no personal indignity, 
 and in January was sent to New York, where they wanted him as a wit- 
 ness in some trial for the condemnation of a ship ; being an English sub- 
 ject, I suppose he has been released. 
 
October 10. Bad night's sleep ; much interruption from 
 the sick calling the sentinel to take them to the rear ; 
 morning very cold and unpleasant ; walked continually as 
 the only means of keeping warm ; wrote to General Dix, 
 asking him to have my lost baggage hunted up ; and home 
 to say I was well, rather a story, for I am quite unwell to- 
 day ; received a long letter from home ; wife very gloomy ; 
 gloomy myself; can't help it ; why am I dragged from my 
 home and family and incarcerated in this filthy prrison, 
 without the slightest charge or accusation, and not even 
 permitted to ask why this outrage has been perpetrated — 
 can or will a just God permit these things to continue ?* 
 
 This morning a boat arrived from New York with three 
 thousand gallons of water, which was emptied into one of 
 the cisterns ; it was badly wanted, for what little water 
 that remained in the cistern had become too offensive to 
 drink, even with straining. Weather cold and raw all 
 day, wrote with overcoat on and blanket wrapped round 
 my legs; how we will get through the winter if kept in 
 this place, God only knows ; the Lumbago has returned, 
 and it is with great difficulty and pain I can get up in the 
 morning ; several of our number are now sick, and, in 
 addition, a cutaneous disease has made its appearance 
 among us; six of my room-mates are now affected by it; it 
 is not the itch, although it has every appearance of it ; 
 there is no hospital in the Fort, and the sick have to take 
 their chance with the well. 
 
 It is not permitted to have a light in the room for any 
 purpose after quarter past nine o'clock ; Dr. McGill got 
 permission to-day to use a light, temporarily, (but it must 
 
 *The wife of one of my fellow prisoners writes to-day, that in company 
 with one or two other ladies, she visited the President to obtain, if possi- 
 ble, some modification of our treatment. 
 
 The President received them very politely, listened to all they had to 
 say, and informed them that he had nothing to do with the Baltimore 
 prisoners, they were Seward's prisoners, and declined interference. 
 
 From this we may infer that each head of the Governmeut has his own 
 set of captives, over whom he exercises exclusive jurisdiction and control. 
 
44 
 
 be put out immediately,) if he found it necessary to give 
 medicine to tlie sick during the night, and it must be used 
 for no other purpose. Took but little exercise to-day, being 
 cold and rainy, and suffering much from my back ; after 
 dark tried to pass an hour at cards but had to give it up 
 and go to bed. Another visit from the garrison doctor ; 
 he don't think the cutaneous disorder spreading among us 
 of any consequence. 
 
 October 11. Passed a very restless night, suffered much 
 from Lumbago, and scarcely able to get about this morn- 
 ing; weather damp and murky; visited the "United 
 States Hotel," as it is pleasantly termed by those who 
 live at it, as do all but the forty who compose our mess ; 
 inspected the food and table furniture — each boarder fur- 
 nished with a tin plate and cup, an iron spoon and knife, 
 four ounces of fat pork, a slice of bread and a tin cup of 
 coffee, so-called, sweetened with molasses — tasted the cof- 
 fee, but could not detect the presence of the berry, perhaps 
 a chemical analysis might detect a trace of it, perhaps not. 
 This is the bill of fare for breakfast and supper ; at dinner 
 it is varied by the substitution of bean soup for coffee, and 
 occasionally an Irish potato — an application for " more" 
 would astonish the head cook as much as Oliver Twist's 
 did the work-house beadle. 
 
 Several other messes are now in process of formation 
 who propose to draw their rations and cook them them- 
 selves, with such additions as they can get from New 
 York. Fifteen or twenty cents a day additional will ena- 
 ble them to live very well, but they will find cooking in 
 their rooms a great nuisance. 
 
 A new prisoner came in to-day, Mr. De Costa, of Charles- 
 ton, and one discharged, Mr. Anderson. Dr. McGill, of 
 Hagerstown, was sent for to the office, and offered his 
 release on taking the new oath, but declined and returned 
 to his room. 
 
 Mr. Henry May received notice in the afternoon of the 
 death of his brother. He asked permission of the Govern- 
 
45 
 
 ment some days since to visit his brother, that he might 
 have the melancholy pleasure of being with him in his 
 last moments, which was refused, hut at eight o'clock this 
 evening a message came that he might go to the funeral, 
 on his parole of honor to return as soon as it was over ; he 
 left immediately for New York ; hope he will not return, 
 as another month's confinement in this place will certainly 
 kill him in his delicate state of health ; took a parting 
 glass with him and sent message to my family. 
 
 Marshal Kane was removed to-day to Fort Columbus, on 
 Governor's Island, five or six miles from here. He has 
 been very unwell for some time, and made such representa- 
 tions of his condition as induced the Government to remove 
 him to Fort Columbus, where he will have much better 
 quarters and larger space to exercise. 
 
 October 12. Awoke much refreshed, slept better than 
 for several nights ; weather cold, but clear and bracing ; 
 put on overcoat and blanket to read the paper. Another 
 arrival to-day, Mr. Carter, of Baltimore, an old friend ; 
 surprised to see him here ; advised him to take Henry 
 May's vacant place in our mess, which he did, and was 
 very thankful when he found out how he would have fared 
 had there not been a vacancy for him. Passed the day as 
 usual, reading, writing, smoking and walking ; locked up 
 in our rooms this morning for an hour while the garrison 
 were firing on a passing vessel to bring her to, which they 
 did with a vengeance — one of the balls passing clean 
 through her, as she did not come about as quick as the 
 commander thought she might ; we could see the opera- 
 tion through the embrasures in our room. On such occa- 
 sions we are always locked up ; perhaps they think we might 
 take the Fort while they are busy up stairs with the guns. 
 Took Mr. Carter around and introduced him to make him 
 feel as much at home as possible ; played cards after dark 
 with Governor Morehead and Mr. Barr, and went to bed 
 at nine, after drinking an excellent cup of tea of Mr. Har- 
 rison's concocting, and a brandy punch of my own. 
 
I 40 
 
 October 13. — Sunday. Delightful morning, cold and 
 bracing ; capital night's sleep and very much refreshed ; 
 spent an hour in putting things to rights at my end of the 
 room and in making coffee for as many of my immediate 
 neiglibors as the machine would admit of. At eleven 
 church service and reading a sermon by Lieutenant Stevens 
 to a very attentive audience ; special prayers offered for 
 Mrs. George S. Gelston, a lady living opposite the Fort, 
 who never lets a day pass without sending something to 
 the prisoners, fruits, flowers, &c., and often more substan- 
 tial articles, but for her the poor privateers and sailors 
 would have been without clothing or shoes ; nor is her 
 kindness confined to the prisoners here, those who have 
 been removed to the jail in New York are equally the re- 
 cipients of hej.' bounty. She was for a while prohibited by 
 orders from Washington from sending anything to the 
 prisoners, and wrote a letter to Seward in which she 
 insisted on knowing whether, after having suspended the 
 Habeas Corpus, the Constitution and the Laws of the coun- 
 try, it was a part of his policy to suspend the Laws of Hu- 
 manity. The letter was published, and resulted in the 
 restrictions on her charities being removed. After service 
 read the newspapers from home and from New York, full, 
 as usual, of lies in relation to Maryland ; exercise after 
 dinner, and the evening church service read at five o'clock 
 by Lieutenant Stevens ; after lock-up read the English 
 papers — London Weekly Dispatch, Saturday Review and 
 Dublin Times ; they seem to understand matters in this 
 country better than nine-tenths of our own people. It is 
 really refreshing after reading the scurrilous political pa- 
 pers of this country to pick up a dignified English Maga- 
 zine or Review ; a cup of tea made by Mr. Harrison, a nice 
 punch, and to bed. 
 
 October 14. Very cold morning ; had to wear over- 
 coats and blankets to enable me to read the papers ; if the 
 devil don't get the people who have charge of us it 
 would be as well to abolish the office of devil altogether 
 
47 
 
 as useless ; received letters to day from C. W. Lentz, Balti- 
 more, and Frank Inloes, New York, asking what they 
 could do for me ; also from Wm. Jones, New York, send- 
 ing me a very acceptable supply of bed clothing, of which 
 I was much in need ; wrote to him for a feather bed and 
 some other articles which I want. This morning Wm. L, 
 Montague, of Baltimore^, sent us a barrel of stores, every- 
 thing good he could think of. May Grod bless him. 
 
 Several prisoners released to-day, Mr. Wilder, Mr. Stan- 
 nard and Mr. Payne ; could not ascertain the conditions of 
 their release ; and one new arrival, Colonel Tyler, of the 
 Confederate Army, who was quartered in our room ; usual 
 routine for the day and evening — cards at night, would 
 have read in preference but had not sufficient light and 
 quiet ; my end of the room is getting to be a favorite place 
 for loafers. 
 
 October 15. Much trouble among the sick last night, 
 aggravated by the refusal of the Corporal of the Guard to 
 permit a light in the room to give medicine by, notwith- 
 standing the commandant had given permission to that 
 effect ; told the corporal that one of the prisoners was very 
 sick, he replied he did not care if there was, we should not 
 have a light, so sick man had to go without his medicine. 
 
 Beautiful, bright and pleasant morning, more like May 
 than October ; was locked up for an hour while they were 
 firing at some passing vessel ; at twelve they commenced 
 firing minute guns for the death of General Gibson, the 
 first one of which knocked the glass out of the embrasure 
 window next to me, and the succeeding ones demolished 
 sashes of most of the other embrasures ; this may be 
 regarded as a calamity, as it is not likely they will be 
 replaced for weeks, and we shall have no protection what- 
 ever from the weather, unless we board them up, which 
 will shut out what little of light we have. 
 
 Number of prisoners in the Fort to-day — room No. 1, ten; 
 No. 2, eleven ; No. 3, nine ; No. 4, . nine ; No. 5, thirty- 
 five ; No. 6, thirty-seven. Quite an amusing incident 
 
48 
 
 occurred this morning: one of the Kentucky "prisoners of 
 State," who is half an idiot, went on the Fort wharf 
 (which was against the rules) and stood there for some 
 time looking at a vessel that had hrought a load of fire- 
 wood for the Fort ; one of the sentinels noticing him, and 
 supposing him to be one of the crew of the vessel, went up 
 and ordered him to go on board, and not dare to come on 
 the wharf again without permission ; this the fellow refused, 
 insisting that he had as good a right in the Fort as the 
 soldier had ; quite an altercation ensued, when the senti- 
 nel attempted to drive him on board at the point of the 
 bayonet, but " Kentucky" was too much for him ; some of 
 the guard came to the rescue, and one of them, recognising 
 the i^risoner, stopped the fray and took him inside the 
 Fort. "Kentucky" had no idea of being driven from his 
 home in such an unceremonious manner. Three of our 
 room-mates this morning removed to an adjacent battery 
 room, hitherto unoccupied, and seven taken from another 
 crowded room, relieving both rooms very much ; the ten 
 propose forming a mess and cooking their own rations, 
 and have sent to New York for a stove for the purpose. 
 
 Mayor Brown had a visit to day from his wife, son and 
 daughter, by permission of General Scott, and remained 
 with them several hours, but in the presence of an officer. 
 
 Wrote long letter to wife, she does not get half the 
 letters I write her, getting very tired of my imprisonment 
 as the excitement and novelty pass off, and begin to feel 
 gloomy at the prospect of remaining here during the 
 winter — new order posted in our rooms to-day, " Prisoners 
 are forbidden to speak to, or recognize any visitors. ' ' Some 
 of us had touched our hats to Mrs. Brown as she stood on 
 the balcony opposite our quarters, and such a breach of 
 discipline cannot be permitted. 
 
 October 17. Quite unwell this morning, head-ache and 
 severe pain in the back ; weather cold and raw, with 
 North-east wind. M^il came in, no letters for me, made 
 half a dozen cups of coffee for some of the boarders at the 
 
49 
 
 "United States Hotel," which they relished very much; 
 the stuff the Grovernment calls coffee is warm water sweet- 
 ened with molasses ; the presence of coffee cannot be de- 
 tected by the taste, although no doubt some is put into the 
 liquid. Two of our number released to-day, Mr, Muir, of 
 Charleston, on condition he would go to Europe, and re- 
 main there during the war, and Mr. Chapin, of Mississippi, 
 on parole not to return to, nor correspond with the South . 
 Received box from home filled with good things, — after 
 dark had a nice set out for the whole room, the Govern- 
 ment boarders enjoyed it very much ; during the evening 
 Dr. Thomas went to one of the embrasure windows to get 
 a little fresh air, as the room was very close, sentinel on 
 the outside ordered him away, and informed him that he 
 would "blow out his brains if he did not leave the window 
 immediately;" Doctor left. 
 
 October 18. Awoke very much refreshed from a good 
 night's sleep, without disturbance ; weather raw and rainy ; 
 occupied the morning in cleaning up my end of the room, 
 including the gun carriage, which answers very well for 
 shelving ; the mail came in — received a very pleasant let- 
 ter from wife ; all well at home. 
 
 Another arrival in the morning, Mr, Isaac G. Mask, of 
 Baltimore ; Mr. Harrison left our room this morning to go 
 into number three, where there is a vacancy ; sorry to part 
 with him — he was my next neighbor, and almost my bed- 
 fellow, for there was but six inches between us ; general 
 regret expressed at parting with him, he was so kind 
 and attentive to the sick, and generally useful, glad, how- 
 ever, that he will be more comfortable, as the room he 
 removes to has a fire place in it. Governor Morehead 
 also left us for the same room, and while consoling our- 
 selves for their absence with the thought that we should 
 have more room, three new prisoners were brought in, and 
 quartered on us, Drs. Page and Lindsey, and Lieutenant 
 Dalton of the Navy, just returned from sea, sent hither 
 
 because they would not take the new oath of allegiance ; 
 3 
 
50 
 
 got them fixed for sleeping by contribution, as the Gov- 
 ernment has run out of bedsteads, straw and blankets ; 
 fortunately they have their own mattresses and blankets 
 which will arrive in a day or two. 
 
 New regulations posted to-day in all the rooms ; we are 
 forbidden to write long letters, and must write to our cor- 
 respondents that their letters to us must be very short, 
 and very plainly written ; our correspondence is read 
 partly by Lieutenant Wood, and partly by Colonel Burke, at 
 Fort Hamilton, and must consume a great deal of their time, 
 as they do not mail our letters for three or four days after 
 they are written, or deliver them for three or four days 
 after their arrival, it takes eight days to get an answer 
 from New York, and ten days from Baltimore ; when our 
 letters contain any objectionable matter, they are returned 
 to us with the endorsement of Colonel Burke, stating the 
 cause ; the Colonel's early education has evidently been 
 sadly neglected, as his chirography is almost undecipher- 
 able, and he spells ''female" with a "phe." 
 
 I complained one day to the Commandant, of the delay 
 in mailing our letters ; he excused himself on the ground 
 that he had so many other duties to perform, and that he 
 had to take extracts from the letters, such as would give 
 any information to the Government, particularly such as 
 related to tlie financial affairs of the writers, adding, that 
 " he got a great deal of information from them.'"* 
 
 *As I avoided political matters as much as possible in my correS' 
 pondence, it was rarely interfered with, that is, it was not returned to me, 
 although many of my letters failed to reach my family and I seldom 
 wrote to others. 
 
 One specimen, however, of the paternal care exercised by the authorities 
 at Washington may be cited. 
 
 My wife, in writing to me on purely domestic matters, proposed sending 
 one of our daughters to school, to Streeter's, a teacher of some note in 
 Baltimore, and asked my views about it ; not being at the moment very 
 amiably disposed towards Yankees or Abolitionists — I replied — 
 
 " Streeter is a Yankee Abolitionist and has contributed his full share 
 in producing the causes which have disrupted the country and sent me to 
 Fort LaFayette, and I do not desire any of our children placed under his 
 
51 
 
 Another order posted to-day, forbidding the use of any 
 liquor among the prisoners, except a limited quantity on 
 the dinner table of our mess. Tlie Commandant expressed 
 himself, a day or two since, that we had entirely too many 
 privileges and has commenced curtailing them ; great 
 consternation and indignation among those who are in the 
 habit of taking an appetiser before dinner, and a settler 
 after dinner, — in the evening read the English papers 
 until nine. 
 
 October 19. Slept but little last night ; shortly after 
 getting to sleep was awakened by the groans of Mr. Carter, 
 who had the cramp colic very badly — got up and boiled 
 some water with my spirit lamp for him to drink with 
 mustard ; Dr. McG-ill succeeded in relieving him in about 
 an hour ; the doctor made him drink as much mustard and 
 hot water as I thought would have killed two men ; told 
 the doctor so, he laughed and said that in such cases a 
 mustard plaster inside was more effective than one outside ; 
 had to get special permission from the Sergeant of the 
 Gruard to light the candle to give Carter his medicine, who 
 granted it for only five minutes ; no candles given out last 
 night ; Grovernment run out of candles ; fortunately, sev- 
 eral of us have received some from New York. 
 
 Dull, foggy morning ; every thing saturated with mist ; 
 matches all spoiled from damp ; green mould appearing in 
 spots on the gun carriage ; horrible place this for well peo- 
 ple, to say nothing of the sick ; lost another prisoner to- 
 day, Mr. Walker, of New York. 
 
 After dinner, a new order posted on the walls ; no liquor 
 allowed on our mess table ; total prohibition ; in the after- 
 noon, the Doctor wanted some of his own whiskey to rub 
 the chest of one of the sick, and it was refused, even for 
 that purpose ; played cards for a couple of hours and went 
 to bed ; room horribly close and damp. 
 
 guidance, send her to some other school." The Commander considered 
 this of sufficient importance to send the letter to Washington ; the author- 
 ities there, after carefully erasing that portion, mailed the letter to 
 my wife. 
 
October 20. Arose with bad headaclie from closeness 
 of the room ; dissipated by a cup of coffee, together with 
 an hour's walk in the cool bracing air ; the storm having 
 passed. 
 
 Church service at eleven o'clock by Lieutenant Stevens ; 
 not so well attended as on last Sunday, only about fifty of 
 the prisoners present ; weather so pleasant after several 
 days of fog and mist, that many preferred walking in the 
 yard ; was informed that his excellency Governor Morgan 
 of New York, having our spiritual welfare at heart, would 
 send us a preacher, if we desired it — declined it, as we did 
 not want any religious adviser of his choosing. 
 
 No letters distributed since Friday, although they arrive 
 regularly every morning ; fear our correspondence is to be 
 stopped. This morning, James M. Haig, of Baltimore, 
 whose mind has been giving way for several days, was 
 taken to the guard house, and placed in close confinement ; 
 no one permitted to see him ; he thinks his room mates 
 intend to kill him ; the Commandant thinks he is sham- 
 ming. 
 
 Dreadful long faces to-day, "water, water, every where, 
 and not a drop to drink!" great outcry against the tyranny 
 of depriving a man of his own liquor, sentinels growing 
 more impudent, symptoms all round showing increased 
 stringency in the discipline ; official notice given to-day, 
 that in future the allowance of candles would be reduced 
 to one candle per night for the battery rooms, and half a 
 candle for the casemates; fortunately our supply from 
 New York has not given out, and I wrote to-day for more. 
 
 It was stated to-day that the order to stop all liquor 
 came from Colonel Burke, on the representation of Lieuten- 
 ant Wood, that the sentries had been made drunk on liquor 
 given them by the prisoners, which was false ; the fact is, 
 the sentries by some means got access to the room where 
 our liquors were stored, and for some time past have been 
 liberally stealing them, and as they got drunk, it was 
 necessary to charge it on somebody, and the result is that 
 our grog has been stopped, and Colonel Burke is very 
 
' ' indignant ;' ' a bottle of blackberry brandy of mine, which 
 I was keeping for medicinal purposes, was in the store- 
 room on Friday night, and on Saturday morning I found 
 the empty bottle with several others on the wood pile 
 outside the Fort. 
 
 Two of the sentries who got drunk and refused to tell 
 where they got the liquor, have been undergoing punish- 
 ment for three days past ; as flogging has been humanely (?) 
 abolished in the army, other punishments have to be resort- 
 ed to, one is compelled to walk twelve hours a day with his 
 hands ironed behind his back, and sixty pounds of bricks 
 in his knapsack, strapped to his back, (he has not a 
 particle of stoop in his shoulders,) the other has his hands 
 ironed behind, with a bar of iron fastened to the cuffs to 
 keep his arms in one position ; his legs chained together 
 and mounted on the top of an empty barrel in the centre 
 of the parade ground ; one of the Irish washwomen 
 occasionally holds a cup of water to their lips, and from 
 their woe-begone appearance to-day, one would suppose 
 they might now safely be trusted with untold whiskey ; 
 towards evening, a third one made his appearance on the 
 parade ground, with his hands behind him and the bricks 
 on his back ; he was detected in substituting blocks of 
 wood for the bricks in the knapsack of number one, who 
 was his particular friend ; a fourth one had offended, but 
 the Commandant contented himself by kicking the culprit 
 down stairs, using his foot with great effect. 
 
 Evening prayers read by Mr. Stevens at five, read 
 Macauley until nine^ and to bed. 
 
 October 21. Excellent night's sleep, the cool weather 
 has much improved the condition of our room ; made coffee 
 for half a dozen, the best I ever made, having invented a 
 new process for concocting it ; received a long and pleasant 
 letter from my eldest daughter, all well at home, they had 
 a visit from Henry May who gave them a satisfactory 
 account of our mode of life ; received box from New York, 
 with feather bed and some bedding I wrote for, for myself 
 
54 
 
 and friends. New arrival to-day, Mr. Shaver, from To- 
 ronto, Canada; suppose as he is a " British subject" he 
 will be released as soon as the British Consul hears of his 
 imprisonment ; lucky thing now-a-days to have been born 
 in England, or any where outside of the "Land of the 
 Free and the Home of the Brave !" Strong symptoms 
 to-day of rebellion against the new liquor law ; as I have 
 a small private stock stowed away in the gun-carriage it 
 don't affect me, but as it is generally known I have it, it 
 does seriously affect my stock, which is rapidly dimin- 
 ishing. 
 
 Haig raving mad to-day ; Commandant won't let any of 
 his friends see him, or even the doctors among us ; during 
 the evening his shrieks could be heard all over the Fort ; 
 he was put in double irons and gagged ; small chance for 
 his life, as the Surgeon of the Garrison lives on the main 
 land, and only occasionally visits the Fort. British Con- 
 sul, from New York, came in the afternoon to look after 
 British subjects ; pity we had not an American Consul to 
 look after American subjects. Shaver sent a note to the 
 Consul by one of the sergeants, informing him of his 
 arrest ; sergeant handed the note to the Consul instead of 
 giving it to Lieutenant Wood, and letting it reach its 
 destination in that way, for which blunder, sergeant was 
 put in the guard house. Consul demanded to see Mr. 
 Shaver ; was told he could not see him without a permit 
 from Mr. Seward.* 
 
 After dark played cards for a couple of hours. 
 
 * Shaver accompanied us to Fort Warren, and early in November re- 
 ceived a letter from Lord Lyons, stating that he had failed to obtain from 
 Mr. Seward, either his discharge or the reasons for his arrest, and had 
 referred the case to the Government at home. Shaver in the meantime 
 was offered his release on condition of his taking the oath of allegiance to 
 the United States ; he was finally released about the first of January. His 
 case was brought before the House of Lords in February, and elicited a 
 long debate, several of the speakers insisting that the Government should 
 sustain Mr. Shaver's claims for damages. 
 
55 
 
 October 22. Slept soundly last niglit in my new bed ; 
 fellow-prisoners say I am getting too luxurious and must 
 he taken down ; morning cold and bracing. Writing 
 alongside a thirty-two pound cannon, on the gun carriage, 
 on a brick floor, without fire, and the door wide open to 
 give light to write by, is getting rather uncomfortable, 
 still I stand it very well. Another arrival this morning, 
 Mr. Pierce, of New Orleans, and three discharges yester- 
 day, Messrs. Sullivan, Corrie and P., the latter has been 
 here only a week, and is generally believed to be a Grovern- 
 ment spy, the former is a lawyer in New York, who volun- 
 teered his services as counsel to defend the privateers, and 
 was immediately arrested and sent here. An hour after 
 his release an order came revoking it, but he had gone and 
 they let him alone. 
 
 Some ten days ago a petition was sent to the President, 
 signed by all the Doctors in the Fort and the Surgeon of 
 the Garrison, for the release of Mr. Quinlan, of Baltimore 
 county, on the score of ill-health, all expressing their 
 belief that he could not survive a protracted confinement ; 
 he has for a long time been afilicted with a chronic dysen- 
 tery ; yesterday he was sent for to go to the ofiice, and 
 offered his release if he would take the new oath of allegi- 
 ance to the Grovernment, and give his parole of honor, not 
 to return to the State of Maryland ; the former he was 
 willing to do, in view of his physical condition, but 
 declined the latter, as he had no place but his home to go 
 to ; this looks like an intention on the part of the Grovern- 
 ment to exile us ; in fact they appear to be embarrassed to 
 know what to do with us. 
 
 Played cards in the evening with Dr. Thomas and Mr. 
 Barr, of Kentucky, until nine. 
 
 October 23. Excellent night's sleep ; new bed and clean 
 linen sheets act like a charm ; was aroused about daylight 
 by the shrieks of Haig, who is now raving mad ; could 
 discover by the suppressed stifle, that the guards were again 
 gagging him ; no one permitted to see him ; made coflee 
 
56 
 
 lor myself and immediate neighbors; two new prisoners 
 to-day — Flanders brothers, from New York State, editors 
 of newspapers, who preferred peace to war, and hence are 
 here ;* and one release, Mr. McMasters, of New York, edi- 
 tor of the ^^ Freeman's Journal," which was suppressed by 
 the Government some time since — its title not correspond- 
 ing with the times ; he took the oath annexed to a written 
 protest against its legality, and the outrage to his person 
 and property in arresting him and suppressing his paper ; 
 query? how much does Mr. Seward care for that? Took 
 cold to-day — which settled in my head and eyes ; nearly 
 blinding me ; could not see during the afternoon to read 
 or write ; and w^ent to bed at six o'clock ; laid awake until 
 twelve with intense pain in toy eyes — and had an uneasy 
 sleep the balance of the night. 
 
 October 24. Cold much better, and pain in the eyes 
 nearly gone ; weather very cold ; read the papers and 
 wrote, wrapped up in blankets ; at eleven o'clock, steam 
 tug came with our stoves and carpets, the latter, made of 
 coarse plaited rope which will hold all the dirt that can 
 be got into the interstices ; carpet put down ; two strips 
 the length of the room, and one at the foot of each row of 
 beds ; stoves brought in, but not fixed up. 
 
 Two prisoners discharged to-day: Mr. Suable, of Penn- 
 sylvania, and Captain Hagelin, of Baltimore, — the former 
 swearing vengeance against Simon Cameron, who, he in- 
 sists, had him arrested for private reasons ; the latter, the 
 master of a bay schooner running between Baltimore and 
 the Patuxent river, who says he was taken out of his ves- 
 
 * F. D. Flanders was the editor of the '■'■ Franklin Gazette" Malone, 
 New York, at the time of his arrest — his paper was interdicted through 
 the mails — his wife, a spunky woman, continued to publish it: writing 
 the editorials herself, and having it distributed through the adjacent coun- 
 ties by special carriers; notwithstanding the prohibition, copies of the 
 paper would occasionally reach the Fort, and the spicy editorials of the 
 lady editor afforded us much amusement. 
 
 His brother, James R. Flanders, was a lawyer, and subsequently elected 
 to the bench ; Government made nothing out of the arrest of either. 
 
57 
 
 sel in the river by one of the tug boats : does not know 
 why ; and has never heard of his vessel since ; and don't 
 know why he is released ; he has been here nearly three 
 months. 
 
 Haig, the crazy man, worse to-day ; tried to get out of 
 the guard house — and although heavily ironed, it took five 
 men to hold him ; I witnessed it, and with the supernatural 
 strength madmen have, he knocked the soldiers about as if 
 they were so many children ; finally they were compelled 
 to use the butts of their guns before they could get him 
 back. 
 
 Two more of the soldiers promenading the parade 
 ground to-day with their knapsacks full of bricks and 
 their arms ironed behind their backs ; their ofience is 
 smuggling liquor into the Fort ; the severest punishment 
 I ever saw ; No. 1, spoken of last week, continues his 
 daily walk of twelve hours, and No. 2 still acts as over- 
 seer from the head of his barrel : No. 3, who substituted 
 the blocks of wood for the bricks in the knapsack of his 
 friend, was relieved after a couple of days punishment ; it 
 would be much better to tie them up and flog them, but 
 the regulations of the army forbid it. ., .,\.^^^^^, 
 
 Played cards for a couple of hours after dark, and just 
 as I was going to bed, the door was opened and a new 
 prisoner thrust in, and the door closed and locked without 
 any remark or explanation from the sergeant ; the most 
 bewildered man I ever saw; looking at him a moment I 
 recognized him as one of my youthful acquaintances, Dr. 
 Jefi'rey, of the navy, a native of Virginia, who had just 
 returned from the coast of Africa, and declining to take 
 the oath, taken out of his ship and sent hither; they would 
 not give him time to get his baggage, so he came among 
 us entirely destitute, had to stir myself to get a bed fixed 
 for him on some benches, before the drum told us to put 
 out the lights. 
 
 To me, it appears one of the most barbarous and dis- 
 graceful features of this war, to take Southern gentlemen, 
 who have made it a point of honor to bring their ships 
 
58 
 
 into Northern ports, and resign their commissions, when 
 they might have with perfect ease, taken them into South 
 ern ports ; and immediately on their arrival send them as 
 prisoners to the Forts.* I am sometimes disposed to agree 
 with one of the English reviews I received last week, in 
 the assertion, that ^'whatever may be the result of the 
 war, one result is certain, that of thoroughly brutalizing 
 the Northern mind." 
 
 October 25. Cold, clear morning, slept well last night, 
 had to dress in the dark as it is too cold to open the doors ; 
 read for a couple of hours at one of the embrasures, 
 wrapped up in blankets, and walked for an hour to get 
 warm ; stoves in the room, but stove pipes not yet arrived. 
 
 Grand distribution of furniture to-day, I got a chair, a 
 pitcher that was stolen five minutes afterwards, a good 
 writing table and a husk mattress, six inches too short 
 and ten inches too narrow for my bedstead ; increased the 
 size of it with boards, and with my own bedding on top, 
 and a pair of clean linen sheets and pillow slips, and my 
 new blue and white marseilles quilt, made a bed that was 
 the remark and envy of the whole party. Dr. Nathan R. 
 Smith, of Baltimore, sent us a large box of his splendid 
 grapes, which was received to-day; it was a present to the 
 Baltimore delegation ; I picked out a bunch for myself and 
 put it carefully away under the gun carriage, intending 
 
 *The most of this class of prisoners were exchanged from time to time 
 during the winter ; their exchange was a matter of special negotiation in 
 each case, for some particular prisoner in Richmond whose friends in the 
 North were anxious to have released. 
 
 The difficulty arose from the refusal of the Southern Government to 
 place on an equality, as subjects for exchange, officers who were fairly 
 taken in battle against officers who were kidnapped in Northern ports on 
 their return from service abroad. Many of those gentlemen had oppor- 
 tunities to leave their ships, while in the West Indies and elsewhere, and 
 return to their homes in the South, but declined deserting their trust until 
 they handed over their ships to the Government, and then resigned, im- 
 mediately to be arrested, and in some instances confined in common jails 
 until the officers were ready to take them to some of the Forts. 
 
59 
 
 to eat it at night, and distributed the balance of my share 
 among my room mates ; when I went to get it after dark, 
 found somebody had stolen it, so got none of the grapes ; 
 inquired, but nobody took it. 
 
 About nine o'clock, another prisoner was unceremoni- 
 ously thrust into our room, who looked as bewildered as 
 did Br. Jeffrey, recognized him also as one of my early 
 acquaintances, Captain Shields, formerly of the United 
 States Army,* a native of Virginia, but a resident of 
 Vermont ; he too, was without baggage or bedding, put 
 three benches together and made a bed for him ; he was 
 much astonished at the looks of things in general, had 
 been informed by the Marshal that he would be provided 
 with "furnished quarters." 
 
 October. 26. Slept well, was not disturbed by the sick 
 during the night; rainy morning, but not so cold as yester- 
 day, remained in doors, reading and writing. Noticed a 
 new face on the barrel in the parade ground, the old occu« 
 pant had been taken down, and set to walking, the offence 
 of the new one is said to be insolence to the commanding 
 officer ; if every soldier who had been insolent to us were 
 punished in the same way, the parade ground would be 
 full of barrels ; some of the gentlemen think it a cruel 
 and barbarous mode of punishment ; perhaps it is, but my 
 compassion for the miserable wretches is considerably 
 lessened from the fact that those who are undergoing the 
 punishment, are those who have been most prominent in 
 their insolence to us ; even S. says, that if the Lord 
 
 * Captain H. L. Shields was a native of Norfolk, Va. , and of course an 
 object of suspicion, although he had been for many years a resident of 
 Vermont, the more so, as he had a brother in the Confederate service. 
 He was on his farm, near Bennington, superintending his laborers, when 
 a messenger ai-rived, stating that a friend of his was at the Railroad 
 station, and desired to see him before the train started; on repairing to 
 the station in company with the messenger, instead of his friend, he found 
 two United States Marshals, who immediately seized him, put him on 
 the train and took him to Fort LaFayette, without permitting him to see 
 or iuform his family of his arrest, or to obtain a change of clothing. 
 
60 
 
 will forgive him for what he has done in behalf of the 
 Irish in past years, he will promise to sin no more. 
 
 Usual routine for the day ; reading, writing and exercise 
 until the drum heat for us to go to our rooms ; took tea 
 with the new mess at the other end of our room, and 
 helped the set out with some of my own stores ; their 
 cooking apparatus will not improve the atmosphere of our 
 room. Played euchre with Dr. Lindsey, Messrs. Pierce 
 and Barr until tattoo. 
 
 October 27. — Sunday. About ten o'clock last night, 
 just as I was getting to sleep, the alarm was given that 
 one of the i)risoners had escaped, but was in a few minutes 
 retaken, — it turned out to be Mr. Lowber, of New Orleans, 
 who was arrested on his way home from Europe ; — he had 
 by some means got the iron bars of the embrasure window 
 open, and crawled through in nearly a nude state, having 
 packed his clothes in a tub, and put a life preserver round 
 him, expecting to be able to swim to the main land ; he is 
 a tolerably old man, very deaf, and can't see without 
 glasses, and is evidently crazy to think of such a thing 
 with the tide running four or five miles an hour, and the 
 almost certainty of being chilled to death, before he could 
 reach the shore ; he was taken to the guard house, and 
 put in double irons, where he will doubtless remain until 
 the Commandant thinks him sufficiently punished ; he 
 begged them to let him have his bed, but they refused ; 
 all they would give him was a brick to put under his head. 
 
 He must have had some understanding with the senti- 
 nel whom he expected to be on guard at that particular 
 part of the Fort on the outside, and made some miscalcu- 
 lation about the time; after he got outside, and was discov- 
 ered, the sentry commenced calling lustily for the Ser- 
 geant of the Guard ; those near the window who could 
 hear what was going on, say that when Lowber found he 
 had made a mistake in the sentinel, he offered him his 
 watch and forty-five dollars in gold that he had with him 
 to let him go ; the sentinel replied, "it is too late, I have 
 
61 
 
 called the Sergeant!" This morning the baggage and 
 bedding of some of those in the same room were searched 
 tinder the suspicion that they were preparing for a similar 
 attempt, nothing however was found ; I witnessed the 
 search, which was done in a very offensive manner.* 
 
 Early this morning, before I was up. Lieutenant Wood 
 entered the room with an officer in an undress uniform ; 
 supposing it to be another prisoner I remonstrated against 
 his bringing any more prisoners into our already over- 
 crowded room ; he informed me it was Colonel Burke, his 
 superior officer. 
 
 Burke is commander of the Forts Hamilton and LaFay- 
 ette, the latter being a dependency of the former ; he 
 resides at Fort Hamilton, and this is the first time he has 
 been at Fort LaFayette since the 5th of August, although 
 it is only half a mile distant, leaving its government en- 
 tirely to Lieutenant Wood, who styles himself " Lieuten- 
 ant Commandant," and always writes it in full with a 
 large flourish ! 
 
 The object of Colonel Burke's visit to our room was not 
 to inspect it, but to loan Captain Shields, who was an old 
 comrade of his, and served with him in Mexico, a clean 
 shirt ; this done, he took his departure, without looking 
 round or speaking to any other prisoner ; this was the first 
 and the last we ever saw of our commander-in-chief. 
 
 *The day before we left Fort Lafayette, Lowber's irons were taken off, 
 and he was returned to bis room ; on tbe voyage to Fort Warren, he 
 planned another escape, but was dissuaded by his friends, and again at 
 Fort Warren, a letter of his to Boston was intercepted, where he wrote 
 for two life preservers to be sent in a barrel of apples, but the officers 
 took no notice of it. 
 
 He was a wealthy machinist from New Orleans, a man of great energy, 
 and was returning home from Europe when he was arrested ; we found 
 him of great service in our mess, his specialities were omelettes and coffee, 
 in the manufacture of which he excelled. 
 
 He was finally released in January, on condition that he would go to 
 Europe ; during the summer he attempted to reach his home by way of 
 Nassau, but was captured in attempting to run the blockade, and is now a 
 prisoner in Fort Jackson, below New Orleans. 
 
Haig, the insane man, was removed yesterday ; could not 
 find out whither he was sent, none of his friends were per- 
 mitted to see him when he was leaving ; the garrison were 
 all glad to get rid of him, as he gave them so much 
 trouble and required constant watching. 
 
 Had church service at eleven by Mr. Stevens and a ser- 
 mon read from Pusey ; one of the prisoners sent to New 
 York for a small instrument, so we now have music with 
 the service. After dinner we had an official visit from the 
 United States Marshal of New York, and Simeon Draper, 
 one of the city officials, doubtless come to report officially 
 that we were very comfortable under the kind and parental 
 care of the Government ; some complaints had reached the 
 public ear through the press, notwithstanding the asser- 
 tions of the Government organs that we were provided for 
 as well as at any New York hotel, and were living luxu- 
 riously. 
 
 Draper was well known to many of the prisoners, and 
 received some very plain talk from a number of them, 
 myself included; Gatchell was particularly hard on him, 
 very deservedly so ; he had partaken of Gatchell' s hospi- 
 tality for twenty years past, and although he knew of his 
 confinement here, had taken no notice of it : on the whole 
 Draper did not feel any better for his visit, he promised 
 very strongly to have some of our discomforts alleviated,* 
 " nous verrons." 
 
 After lock-up, the evening service was read by Mr. 
 Stevens ; I had a nice cup of chocolate and some home 
 cakes, and read aloud from Poe, and the Ingoldsby Le- 
 gends for an hour. 
 
 *Sure enougli, as some of the prisoners had predicted, the New York 
 papers a day or two afterwards contained an account of this visit, which 
 described us as living in great comfort and abundance, and expressing 
 much gratitude to the Government for its generous and humane treatment 
 of us, even to giving us the roof of the Fort as a promenade, where we 
 could enjoy the fresh air from the ocean, &c., &c. 
 
 If Draper, or whoever furnished the information, had looked upwards 
 for a moment, he could have discovered said roof was too steep for a cat 
 to promenade with safety. 
 
63 
 
 October 28. Cold^ clear morning, our room now toler- 
 ably comfortable as the stoves were set agoing last evening ; 
 received box from home with my furs and some shirts. 
 Mail came in, quite a lot of letters for me, and sat down 
 to answer some of them, when word came in that we were 
 to be removed to Fort Warren, Boston harbor, at nine 
 o'clock to-morrow morning ; surprised at this, as the Fort 
 has been prepared within the last few days as a winter 
 residence ; wrote home informing my family of the change, 
 spent the afternoon in packing up; a very troublesome 
 job, particularly as we wer§ locked up in the dark the 
 moment the order came for our removal, and had to work 
 the whole afternoon with candles ; — finished packing at 
 eight and went to bed. 
 
 October 29. Slept but little last night, very much 
 worried at the idea of going to Boston harbor ; it looks 
 like confinement for the winter ; it is represented as a 
 bleak and dreary place, several miles from land ; got uj) 
 early to pack up my bed and bedding ; after it was done, 
 and all the baggage removed to the wharf for shipment, 
 orders came countermanding our departure, and our effects 
 were all taken back to our rooms, — the supposition now is, 
 that we will start to-morrow, the entire party very dull 
 to-day at the prospect ahead of them ; unpacked my 
 bedding and got ready for another night, received my 
 account from the Commandant, found out now why he 
 issued the order some weeks since, that all washing 
 should be done inside the Fort, and through his wife ; we 
 previously paid seventy-five cents a dozen ; his charge is a 
 dollar and a half; nice operation, this, for an officer in the 
 United States army ! Commander and laundry-conductor 
 of Fort LaFayette.* Too dull to-day to read or write — 
 tried cards in the evening, but had to give it up, and went 
 early to bed. 
 
 * One of the sergeants who had been missing for two or three days past, 
 turned up this morning; according to his own story, he had been in the 
 Guard House, for complaining that Mrs. Wood charged him ten cents for 
 washing his shirt, when six cents was the usual price. 
 
% 
 
 October 30. Keceived orders at daylight to prepare 
 again to leave, and were again locked up in our rooms to 
 get ready in the dark, or by the light of a few candles ; 
 at eleven o'clock a small steamboat came to the wharf to 
 transport us to Fort Columbus, on Governor's Island, 
 where we were to take a larger steamer ; — marched to the 
 wharf under the escort of part of our Irish company, who 
 were to accompany us to Fort Warren, and on reaching 
 the boat, into the cabin, where we were locked up ; cabin 
 on deck which gave us a good view of the shore ; the 
 ladies opposite saluted us with waving of handkerchiefs, 
 particularly Mrs. Gelston, who has been so kind to us, 
 scarcely a day passing that she did not send us something 
 in the way of provisions, fruits and flowers ; two young 
 ladies ran along the shore for more than a mile waving 
 their handkerchiefs at us. 
 
 Arrived at Fort Columbus at twelve o'clock, and found 
 to my dismay that the boat which was to take us to Fort 
 Warren was the same one on which I had narrowly escaped 
 shipwreck ten years ago ; and was still more dismayed on 
 learning, that in addition to our own party, she was to 
 take nearly seven hundred prisoners from Fort Columbus, 
 chiefly those captured at Hatteras Inlet, making, with the 
 guard of three hundred and the ship's crew, over eleven 
 hundred persons in a vessel only built to carry four hun- 
 dred, and in addition old and unseaworthy. 
 
 At one o'clock dinner was served — crackers in a barrel 
 and pieces of fat pork on the head of a barrel ; my allow- 
 ance was three crackers and a piece of pork fat three 
 inches square and one inch thick, not a particle of lean in 
 it ; it tasted, however, very sweet. 
 
 At two o'clock the prisoners were marched on board, the 
 privates, six hundred in number crowded into the cabin 
 under deck; the officers into the cabin with us above 
 deck ; left at four o'clock for our destination ; hunt- 
 ed up the clerk of the boat and made an arrangement to 
 have meals cooked for us and served in the cabin at fifty 
 cents per meal ; succeeded after much labor and manage- 
 
65 
 
 ment in getting a state room for Mr. Carter and myself; 
 dirty mattress and no bed clothing ; berths six inches- too 
 short ; paced the deck until eleven and went to bed ; Aveather 
 and sea very calm ; captain of the boat said if the weather 
 changed he would put into harbor, as he was unwilling 
 to trust his boat with such a load at sea in bad weather. 
 
 October 31. Managed to get three or four hours' sleep, 
 but very much cramped in my short bertli ; got up early 
 to give some one else a chance to get a nap, as more than 
 half of those in the cabins had to sit or stand up all night ; 
 sea remarkably smooth for the season of the 3^ear, and 
 every prospect of a good passage. The Hatteras prisoners 
 describe their night as awl'ul ; most of them had to stand 
 all night, not having sufficient room to sit or lie down, and 
 sixty out of the six hundred having the typhoid fever — 
 not a particle of ventilation for them, except through the 
 cabin doors. Before going to bed I tried to see them, but 
 the sentry would not let me pass : nor did I much regret 
 the refusal, for the stench arising from their "Black Hole," 
 was sickening. Pleasant weather and calm sea during the 
 day ; were all the time in sight of land, passing through 
 Martha's Vineyard, and along the coast of Massachusetts to 
 Cape Cod, and with the aid of a good glass, could see the 
 country and the villages all along the coast ; never saw a 
 more miserable and God-forsaken looking country; for 
 hours we would not see a tree — no wonder the Yankees 
 yearn for the South ! 
 
 After dinner, which was very scant, the clerk, or the 
 "Purser," as he called himself, informed me that the 
 steamer's provisions were exhausted ; shortly after dusk, 
 we reached Fort Warren ; a more desolate place could not 
 be imagined anywhere this side of the Arctic regions. 
 
 On reaching the wharf. Colonel Dimick, the commander 
 of the Fort, came on board and informed us that he had 
 not been notified by the Government of our intended 
 removal, except that he had received orders, in general 
 terms, to prepare quarters for one hundred political prison- 
 3* 
 
66 
 
 ers from Fort LaFayette, and had no accommodations for 
 a larger number ; that the Fort was a new one, just occu- 
 pied ; he only having come to it the day previous ; that 
 there was not a bed, nor an article of furniture of any 
 description on the Island, and nothing to eat ; but that he 
 would send to Boston that night, and provide for us the 
 best he could, and we should pass the night on board the 
 boat. The North Carolina officers insisted that a portion 
 of their men should be taken on sliore, as they did not 
 believe the men could survive another night in the hold, 
 without serious loss of life ; accordingly, about three hun- 
 dred were marched into the Fort ; I gave the leg of a 
 chicken and a piece of bread I had saved for my supper, to 
 the Rev. Mr. North, Chaplain of one of the Virginia regi- 
 ments, who, I accidentally found out, had had nothing to 
 eat all day : and went to bed, amid the curses of the 
 whole party at the Government, for placing us in such a 
 position. 
 
 November 1. Arose at daylight, and went out on deck 
 to view the Fort and its surroundings ; morning bright 
 and clear, and things generally looking better than last 
 night ; no breakfast, and at eleven o'clock were marched 
 ashore to our quarters. I was placed in a room with seven 
 others, Messrs. Quinlan, Jones, Landing, Clagett, Kessler 
 and Salmon, members of the Maryland Legislature, and 
 Appleton, a lad of about eighteen, who was captured on 
 his way to Virginia, — a room sixteen by eighteen feet, 
 lighted by three slits in the wall, three feet by six inches, 
 with a small dressing room, used in common by the occu- 
 pants of the room in front, which faced the interior of the 
 Fort ; not a particle of furniture in the room. Shortly 
 afterwards the baggage arrived in carts from the boat, and 
 found all my packages but one trunk and one box had been 
 opened and rifled of more or less of their contents ; every- 
 thing gone that was worth stealing except my cooking 
 apparatus. All my pickles, preserves, Bologna sausage, 
 crackers, ten pounds sperm candles, spirits of wine, soap, 
 
67 
 
 tobacco, towels, tea, coffee, sugar, lemons, sardines, choco- 
 late, cold tongues, &c. , &c. ; in fact I was entirely cleaned 
 out of stores of all kinds. Found all tlie prisoners had 
 suffered more or less in the same way, the soldiers on the 
 boat no doubt thought the property of the rebels fair 
 game ; at all events, whatever they thought, they stole 
 every thing they could lay their hands on. As the boat, 
 with the guard on board, was still at the wharf, I hunted 
 up Captain Updegraff, who had command of the soldiers, 
 and insisted that he should immediately go on board, and 
 investigate the robbery, telling him that it was his duty as 
 an officer of the army and a gentleman that he should not 
 lose a moment's time in looking into it; he appeared indig- 
 nant that any one, for an instant, could suppose Ms soldiers 
 guilty of thieving, and suggested that it must have been 
 done by the North Carolina privates. I reminded him that 
 the North Carolina privates were all confined under deck 
 and not permitted for any purpose to come on deck, except 
 under guard ; while the baggage was on the forward deck 
 under charge of his own men, and besides, their scanty 
 baggage had been rifled to as great an extent as our's; 
 their bundles broken open, and a large number of their 
 blankets stolen ; and again insisted that he should im- 
 mediately go on board the boat and investigate it ; he said 
 he would do so, and started across the parade ground, 
 which was the last I saw or heard of him. 
 
 During the day a sharp Yankee came down from Boston, 
 and proposed to draw our rations, and furnish us with two 
 meals a day in good style, for one dollar per day, closed 
 with him, as fat pork and hard bread, although very good 
 in their place, don't suit my appetite ; about thirty of the 
 other prisoners did tlie same, — made arrangements to get 
 the Boston and New York papers, and at four o'clock had 
 a very fair cold dinner, which had an unusually good taste, 
 as I had eaten nothing since two o'clock the day previous; 
 such of the prisoners as did not join us in this arrange- 
 
68 
 
 ment had nothing to eat all day, and many of them went 
 without food for forty-eight hours.* 
 
 After dinner I commenced looking round to see if I 
 could not better my condition ; I had been assigned room 
 mates who were perhaps clever enough in their own way, 
 but not congenial to my tastes ; on examining the small 
 room between the front and back room, which was intend- 
 ed as a baggage-room, and was already filled with baggage, 
 I came to the conclusion that it would make an excellent 
 sleeping room, it was about ten by twelve feet, dark, but 
 perfectly ventilated by a transom over each door and an 
 opening in the ceiling, two feet square, to the ramparts 
 gibove, twelve or fifteen feet above the ceiling, making a 
 continuous draft of air through the room without afiecting 
 the lower part of it ; calling Lieutenant Stevens, who was 
 quartered in the front room, and who had been my room 
 mate at Fort LaFayette, I pointed out to him its advantages 
 as a sleeping room, and proposed to him to get the gentle- 
 men from both rooms to remove their baggage, and give it 
 up to us ; he concurred with me, and in a little time we 
 had the room to ourselves, and our beds arranged. 
 
 Only eight or ten of the whole party brought their beds 
 with them, the balance had to sleep on the floor. Apple- 
 ton went into the passage to sleep; of the remaining six 
 in the back room, four slept with their heads on a mattress 
 I loaned them, and the other two in my rocking cliair, with 
 such blankets and shawls as we could spare them. 
 
 * As far as I could ascertain, two raw hams and a box of soda crackers, 
 was all the food that seven hundred people had during the whole of that 
 day and part of the next, while many of them, in addition, had nothing 
 to eat for twenty-four hours before arriving at the Fort. 
 
 I was congratulating myself before the baggage was sent up, that I had 
 enough provisions to serve my immediate friends and myself for a day or 
 two ; so thorough, however, was the "-ffa^rf" on our supplies that a jug of 
 alcohol and another of Kerosene oil, both came up empty; the former, if 
 well diluted, might answer the place of whiskey, but the guard must have 
 found the latter- very hard drinking — worse, if possible, than that celebra- 
 ted New England manufacture of rum, better known as Massachusetts 
 lightning. 
 
69 
 
 On leaving Fort LaFayette, the Commandant refused to 
 permit any of the articles furnished by the Government 
 to be taken with us, and even went so far as to confiscate 
 all the liquors we had in the store room, on the plea that 
 he did not know whether the commanding officer at Fort 
 Warren would permit us to have them ; Colonel Dimick 
 wrote immediately to have them forwarded here, so in a 
 few days, if they come, we shall be more comfortable, 
 went to bed at ten o'clock and slept soundly. 
 
 November 2. Rose early and made a cup of tea for Mr. 
 Quinlan, who continues unwell, and went out to take a 
 survey of the premises ; came to the conclusion that after 
 we were fixed, we would be more comfortable here than at 
 Fort LaFayette ; we are not compelled to come in contact 
 with the soldiers, and the officers ajjpear to understand 
 their position, and willing to do whatever they can to 
 make us comfortable, or at least, to let us alone ; and we 
 will not be subject to the petty annoyances we had daily 
 to encounter under Baggage-Master, Laundry-manager, 
 Lieutenant Wood and his gang of Irishmen ; — spent the 
 forenoon in visiting round, and find, that in my little room 
 I am far ahead, in comfort, of the whole party, and am 
 entirely satisfied on that score ; got a very fair breakfast 
 at ten o'clock, and spent an hour or two in promenading 
 and visiting the neighboring rooms ; received from Boston 
 some articles I had written for, the day previous ; among 
 them a mattress, which I gave to my room mates ; this 
 makes two mattresses for the six, and by laying their head 
 and shoulders on the bed with their feet to the fire they 
 manage to get through the night. Am delighted with the 
 promptness with which we receive what we order from 
 Boston, articles coming next day, whereas at Fort LaFay- 
 ette we never received anything from New York under 
 eight days, although the distance was less. 
 
 About two o'clock a north-east rain storm set in which 
 stopped all out-door exercise, and confined us to our rooms. 
 Dinner at four, and spent the evening in Commodore Bar- 
 
10 
 
 ron's room in very pleasant conversation. Storm increas- 
 ing, fearful night for ships on the coast ; at times the wind 
 would whistle through the casemate windows equal to the 
 shrill whistle of a locomotive engine, and after listening 
 an hour to the howling of the storm, and the waves break- 
 ing over the rocks, went to sleep. 
 
 November 3. — Sunday. Storm continued during the 
 night without abatement ; on getting up this morning 
 found it impossible to go out, and very difficult to get 
 water for washing, as very few could be found willing to 
 face the storm for the sake of a clean face ; finally a quar- 
 ter induced an old negro from North Carolina, one of the 
 prisoners, to bring water and clean up the room. 
 
 At ten o'clock the gale ceased, and the weather became 
 mild and pleasant ; several of the North Carolina officers, 
 who had the liberty of the Island on parole, walked up on 
 the ramparts, and on their return described the scene as 
 fearfully grand ; the surf breaking over the rocks and sea- 
 walls and throwing the spray forty or fifty feet in the air ; 
 they bring word that a ship was wrecked last night near 
 the Fort and all perished ; they saw the dead body of a 
 female perfectly nude fished out of the surf, and the cargo 
 strewed all along the shore. 
 
 Weather continued pleasant during the day, and at one 
 o'clock had religious service in one of the unfinished 
 casemates, by the Kev. Mr. North, of Jefferson County, Va., 
 who was captured at Harper's Ferry : quite a large con- 
 gregation, Colonel Dimick and several of his officers were 
 present and responded to the service ; a more impressive 
 scene could not be imagined, all standing, on the dirt 
 floor, amid the massive piers and arches of the casemates 
 around us, reminding me very much of an engraving I 
 have some where seen, of the Worship of the Scotch 
 Covenanters in the crypt of some old ruined castle or 
 abbey. 
 
 Dinner at four, roast turkey and Yankee pumpkin 
 sauce; made a good dinner of the former with the addition 
 
71 
 
 of a Clip of coffee; spent the evening in visiting the rooms 
 of the North Carolina officers, some of whom I had known 
 in my many visits to that State. 
 
 November 4. Was very unwell during the night, ate 
 or drank something that disagreed with me ; weather 
 delightful after the storm, spent the morning in prome- 
 nading the space in front of our rooms, allotted to us for 
 exercise, about one hundred and fifty feet long and thirty 
 feet wide ; all " Prisoners of State " are confined to these 
 limits, while the prisoners of war, the Carolina officers, 
 are on their j^arole and have the privilege of the whole 
 island, and of visiting until ten o'clock; the State prisoners 
 being closed up at sun-set. 
 
 Why prisoners taken with arms in their hands in open 
 hostility to the Government, should be accorded privileges, 
 and a higher grade of treatment than those who are 
 arrested and confined without any charge whatever, or 
 ever having committed any hostile act, is one of the 
 mysteries of "State," or rather of "Seward" policy I am 
 not able to solve. 
 
 Made the acquaintance of a number of the Carolina 
 officers, and find them, as a body, an intelligent set of 
 gentlemen, contrasting very favorably with the volunteer 
 officers in the Federal service ; they bear their imprison- 
 ment with great fortitude and cheerfulness, and have an 
 abiding faith in the success of the Southern cause, only 
 regretting their inability to participate in it, to its success- 
 ful end. 
 
 Spent the evening very pleasantly, in my room, with a 
 number of visitors from adjoining rooms, and at "Taps," 
 that is, at half-past nine, went to bed. 
 
 November 5. Slept soundly last night, and did not get 
 up until after eight ; morning unusually bright and mild 
 for this climate ; had regular Yankee breakfast : codfish 
 and potatoes, baked beans and pumpkin "sass," all very 
 good except the coffee, some insisting it was tea, some 
 
T2 
 
 coffee, while others thought it was made of roasted beans. 
 Spent the morning in making arrangements to get up a 
 mess of our own for forty persons, in which we were aided 
 by Colonel Dimick, who exhibits every disposition to 
 make us as comfortable as possible ; this example neces- 
 sarily influences the behavior of the subordinate offi- 
 cers and soldiers; I have found the old adage '4ike 
 master, like man," fully exemplified in my experience of 
 military life ; we experience none of the rudeness and inso- 
 lence we had daily to encounter at Fort LaFayette. Passed 
 the afternoon in reading the Boston and New York papers 
 and taking exercise on the Avalk before our quarters, and 
 the evening in playing cards with some of the North 
 Carolina officers. 
 
 November 6. Election day at home, my term of office 
 as a Member of the Maryland Legislature expires to- 
 day ; wonder what effect that will have on my con- 
 finement, and what sort of an election there will be in 
 Maryland to-day ; as Plug-Uglyism has been restored at 
 the point of the bayonet : suppose that ' ' disloyal ' ' citizens 
 will not be permitted to vote, and "loyal" ones can vote 
 as often as they please at each of the eighty voting places 
 in Baltimore ; see by the Baltimore papers that General 
 Dix has issued a proclamation forbidding treasonable votes 
 (that is, votes for peace instead of war) to be deposited in 
 the ballot-box, and constituting the soldiers, the Federal 
 police and the Plug-Uglies, the judges of who are "loyal" 
 and who "disloyal," with full power to arrest and imprison 
 whom they please ; have not the slightest doubt that the 
 "Union" party will have fifteen or twenty thousand 
 majority in the city, and as little doubt that the actual 
 number of voters will not exceed three thousand. 
 
 Many of the gentlemen are under the impression that 
 we will be released after the election, as our arrest was 
 evidently made to intimidate the people of the State, and 
 influence the coming elections ; I do not think so, for the 
 rowdy element, which so long disgraced Baltimore, and 
 
which after a long and hard struggle was put down, is 
 again in the ascendant, and are the advisers of the Gov- 
 ernroent in all that relates to the City of Baltimore, and 
 they will not permit our return if they can possibly pre- 
 vent it ; the bogus elections of this Fall will give them 
 entire control of the City Government ; they will immedi- 
 ately dismiss all the city officers, and fill their places with 
 their own creatures, and will not permit the return of a 
 single individual, whom they hate or fear, or whom they 
 think could in any way interfere with their scliemes of 
 rascality ; this will be found particularly applicable to 
 Mr. Brown, the Mayor of the city, whose release would 
 disarrange all their plans ; they .will keep him certainly 
 until his term of office expires, and probably afterwards 
 as a punishment for his contumacy. 
 
 Set to work to-day to fix up my sleeping room ; manu- 
 factured a very good bedstead out of some pine slats and 
 put up some shelving. My room mates had a cotton sack 
 and fourteen pounds of straw served out to them to-day, 
 which enabled me to get back my under mattress ; received 
 some furniture I had ordered from Boston — carpet, mat for 
 the side of the bed, chairs, washstand, bowl and pitcher, 
 water bucket and foot bath, writing table with damask 
 cloth cover ; stowed all my surplus baggage under the bed- 
 stead and tacked a valance of black cambric around the 
 frame, and when all was finished and arranged had about 
 the nicest little prison room that could be found an}'- where ; 
 many visitors came in to view and admire it. 
 
 Boat came down in tlie afternoon with the tables and 
 crockery for our new mess ; spent the evening in examining 
 the bills and making the necessary arrangements to com- 
 mence to-morrow morning ; about one hundred of the 
 North Carolina officers and such of the political prisoners 
 as would not encounter the expense of our mess, are 
 engaged in getting up another one on a cheaj)er scale, 
 which they estimate will cost them fifteen or twenty cents 
 per day above the Government rations ; had visits late in 
 the evening from Major Gillam, of North Carolina, an old 
 4 
 
74 
 
 acquaintance, and several of the North Carolina officers ; 
 entertained tliem with a pitcher of hot Scotch whiskey 
 punch until eleven, and went to bed, tired from the labors 
 of the day, and sleepy from the punch. 
 
 November 7. Up early this morning to prepare the room 
 and table of our new mess for breakfast, being one of a 
 committee, with Marshal Kane and Cai)tain Berry, to wait 
 on the table for a week ; capital breakfast : beefsteaks, 
 mutton-chojis, sausage and good coffee ; the committee 
 highly complimented on the first result of their labors. 
 Several of our fellow prisoners released to-day : Captain 
 Shields,* of Vermont, Mr. Eakin, of Pennsylvania, Mr. 
 
 *Rei,ease of Captaix Shields from Fort Warrex.— Our fellow towns- 
 man, Captain H. L. Shields, late a jDolitical prisoner in Forts LaFayette 
 and Warren, reached home last evening. He was met at the' cars by a 
 large number of personal friends, but was so deeply affected that it was 
 with difficulty that he commanded his feelings. The treatment of the 
 prisoners in Fort LaFayette the captain describes as having been not only 
 bad, but positively cruel. He was confined in a room with thirty-eight 
 others. The air, of course, under ordinary circumstances, with so many 
 persons in one apartment, would be very bad-^ but when we add to this 
 that many of his companions were sick, we can imagine the sufferings of 
 those who were thus inhospitably entertained in Uncle Sam's Bastile. The 
 food was also bad ; and the Captain declares that from the time of his 
 incarceration until he was released he did not taste a decent meal of vic- 
 tuals. Colonel Dimick, the commandant of Fort Warren, does every- 
 thing in his power to promote the comfort, health and happiness of the un- 
 fortunate men placed under his charge. He is a gentleman and a soldier, 
 and his conduct towards the prisoners is of a kind and Christian character. 
 
 Captain Shields, upon the transfer of the prisoners to Boston, became 
 of great service to his comrades from his intimate acquaintance with 
 Colonel Dimick, and says that he is repaid for his own sufferings, by a 
 knowledge of the fact that he was able to ameliorate the condition of those 
 who were, like him, under arrest. Upon his discharge, Captain Shields 
 was treated virtually with the freedom of Boston. At the hotel they 
 would take no compensation for his accommodation, and everywhere he 
 was the recipient of the greatest respect. On the previous occasion of 
 Captain Shields' visit to Boston he was there in command of Sherman's 
 celebrated battery, and being encamped on the Common, was honored 
 with the freedom of the town. It would seem, therefore, that the two 
 visits, though greatly dissimilar in their original cause, ended very much 
 alike. 
 
75 
 
 Elliot, of Maine, and Mr. Grilchrist, of Pliiladelpliia, (the 
 latter re-arrested on reaching Boston on civil process for 
 treason,) and Dr. Brown, of North Carolina, on his parole 
 until exchanged. 
 
 Very busy all day in getting our mess into shape, and 
 succeeded in getting up a passable dinner at five o'clock, 
 no doubt we shall fare better as to food, but I doubt 
 whether much will be saved in expense. 
 
 A day or two after our arrival here, Colonel Dimick was 
 kind enough to write to Washington, and ask for the 
 privilege of extending, in his discretion, the same liberty 
 of the Island that was enjoyed, under parole, by the North 
 Carolina officers, tu the political prisoners ; the only politi- 
 cal prisoner who enjoyed that privilege was Marshal Kane, 
 of Baltimore, he had acquired it while at Fort Columbus, 
 and was not disturbed in it here ; the only answer to the 
 Colonel's application in our behalf, w^as an order revoking 
 the parole of Kane, and remanding him into close confine- 
 ment ; so we may be content that as far as we are concerned 
 the "area of freedom" is not to be extended. 
 
 After dusk Lieutenant Buell brought in my letters from 
 home with a request from Colonel Dimick that I would 
 write to my daughter and suggest that in future she should 
 not comment on the action of the Government, as it might 
 embarrass me in my correspondence ; found on reading the 
 letter referred to that the young lady had given that free 
 use of her pen in commenting on my imprisonment, that 
 women alone know how to do, which was not very palata- 
 ble to the censors, still they were polite about it ; the letter 
 was good enough to hand round, and had an extensive cir- 
 culation. 
 
 Captain Shields is most emphatic in his declarations of innocence. He 
 assures us that there is not a scrap of paper or the least vestige of evidence 
 to implicate him, and so far from being a traitor, he has always expressed 
 himself in favor of the maintenance of the Government. Those who 
 know the Captain's great sense of honor and his personal integrity will 
 give full credence to every word he may say respecting his innocence. — • 
 Troy Times, [Republican) Nov. 8. 
 
76 
 
 Passed the evening in my bed room reading tlie papers 
 from Baltimore, New York and Boston, the latter contain- 
 ing several bogus letters from Fort Warren, describing 
 our miserable and dejected appearance, our dirt, rags and 
 tatters, our deep penitence for having rebelled against the 
 best and most paternal government on the face of the earth ; 
 our anxiety to take the oath of allegiance and sin no more ; 
 some of the gentlemen were not at all flattered at the 
 special notices of them, particularly the references to their 
 personal appearance. 
 
 November 8. Up early to attend to the mess and get 
 breakfast ready, and kept all the morning busy in catering 
 for the next two or three days ; find no difiiculty in getting 
 any kind of the best provisions from Boston, and at a 
 reesonable price. Dr. Coale, a friend of Mayor Brown, 
 has kindly offered to attend to mess business in Boston ; 
 every prospect of good fare and good cooking ; employed 
 two North Carolina privates to cook, and eight to wait on 
 the table, got up an excellent dinner, the best since I left 
 home, — roast beef, roast mutton, Maryland hams and 
 round of spiced beef, the two latter, presents from Balti- 
 more, with good soup to begin with, and good cofiee to 
 end with. 
 
 Five of our party left to-day, all naval officers, — Lieu- 
 tenant Stevens,* my bed room mate, and Lieutenants 
 Butts, t Dalton, Loyall and Sharpe, the latter, one of the 
 Hatteras prisoners ; destination and destiny unknown ; 
 they were given half an hour's notice to pack up, and no 
 one allowed to speak to them after they left their rooms ; 
 what nonsense ! 
 
 * Lieutenant Stevens has since distinguished himself as the first officer 
 of the iron-clad steamer "Arkansas," in her successful contest with 
 twenty- three Federal steamers, most of them iron-clad, on the Mississippi 
 river near Vicksburg, and subsequently commanded her when she was 
 destroyed. 
 
 t Lieutenant Butts, on his exchange, became one of the Lieutenants 
 onboard the "Merrimac," and participated in her battles in Hampton 
 Roads. 
 
11 
 
 Another lot of Boston officials came down to-day to 
 "view the animals;" the batch that came down the day- 
 after our arrival, with the Mayor at their head, were very 
 particular in going to all the rooms, and taking a list of 
 all who were not provided with mattresses and blankets, 
 stating they would be furnished from Boston, forthwith, 
 to avoid the tedious delay of getting them from the 
 Government, through the ordinary method of a requisi- 
 tion ; and the City would look to the Government for 
 compensation, which charitable purpose was duly heralded 
 next day in the Boston papers as an evidence of great 
 kindness and liberality on the part of the city authorities 
 of Boston ; since which we have not heard a word of mat- 
 tresses or blankets, or of their honors, the Mayor and City 
 Councils of Boston, and to-night I was compelled to take 
 another blanket from my own bed, and go out and borrow 
 two shawls for my room mates, who were totally destitute 
 of any thing to cover them at night. 
 
 A few days after reaching here it become necessary to 
 make some arrangements to have our washing done ; we 
 proposed to Colonel Dimick to send it to Boston ; the Colo- 
 nel objected, and preferred it should be done on the Island ; < 
 probably he feared it might .be made the medium of illicit 
 correspondence ; there was a frame building outside the 
 Fort that could be used for the purpose, and some Irish 
 women, the wives of some of the soldiers or laborers, could 
 do it ; accordingly we sent our clothes out yesterday, and 
 last night the intended wash house took fire and was 
 entirely burned ; a portion of the clothes was saved, but 
 not much ; truly I have hard luck with my baggage 
 between fire and thieves. 
 
 Commodore Barron has taken the place in my small 
 room made vacant by the departure of Lieutenant Stevens. 
 I think I shall find iiim an agreeable companion ; passed 
 the evening in my room reading and writing. 
 
 November 9. Cold, raw morning, with easterly wind 
 and driving rain ; awol^-e with severe head-ache from drink- 
 
78 
 
 ing some '' Boston whiskey" last night; price three dol- 
 lars per gallon, value twenty cents, being nothing hut 
 reduced alcohol with some coloring matter in it ; won't 
 drink any more until I get some from home, and perhaps 
 not then, as I understand to-day that Colonel Dimick has 
 stopped the use of whiskey among the prisoners, in conse- 
 quence of so-me of them getting tight. 
 
 Occupied most of the morning with mess matters, send- 
 ing orders to Boston for provisions, &c. Three new arri- 
 vals to-day, Mr. Green and Mr. Lowe, of Savannah, and 
 Mr. Bunker, of Mobile, — Southern gentlemen, arrested on 
 their way home from Europe ; one of them quartered in my 
 room and two in the room in front of me : they appear to 
 be educated and intelligent gentlemen ; received letter 
 from my brother, he thinks we will soon be released, as 
 the elections are over ; doubt it very much, if the offer is 
 made, it will be on conditions that are inadmissible. Our 
 mess gives great satisfaction and works very well, but I 
 shall be glad when my Aveek's supervision expires, as I 
 find it consumes most of my time. 
 
 Spent the evening in my room reading and writing by 
 the light of a kerosene lamp I sent to Boston for, yesterday ; 
 I find it a better light to read by than gas light, it is 
 softer, steadier, and equally brilliant, while it costs less, 
 but requires great care in the trimming and management. 
 
 November 10. Usual routine; church service at eleven 
 o'clock, by the Kev. Mr. North ; quite a large audience, 
 two or three hundred of the North Carolina prisoners pre- 
 sent. Colonel Dimick takes great interest in our religious 
 services; I have formed a very high opinion of him as a 
 gentleman and christian; all the prisoners, without excep- 
 tion, speak well of him. 
 
 Had an extra dinner at the mess to day, being Sunday, 
 roast turkies, roast and boiled mutton, roast beef and lob- 
 ster salad, and dessert of nuts of several kinds, fresh 
 peaches in cans, honey and coffee, making capital prison 
 fare. I find the rule holds good inside as well as outside 
 
79 
 
 of Forts, that money will enable you to live anywhere, 
 especially where there is a Yankee near and he wants it, — as 
 he always does. 
 
 After dinner, visited the officer Avho has charge of us 
 and our money, and drew twenty dollars from him, that 
 being the maximum amount each party is trusted with, 
 provided he has that much. 
 
 I find, in my visits to the other rooms, that much dis- 
 satisfaction prevails about the distribution of the quarters ; 
 we occupy what are termed "officers' quarters," and con- 
 sists of sixteen rooms, eight above and eight below ground, 
 half of them facing the parade ground in the interior of 
 the Fort; the other half facing the embankment on the 
 outside, which is twenty-five or thirty feet high, with a 
 space between the walls of the Fort and the embankment 
 of about twenty feet ; the front rooms above ground are 
 well lighted with large windows, and present a very cheer- 
 ful appearance, the back rooms are dark, being lighted 
 with narrow slits in the wall, six inches wide, and the 
 light and view shut off by the embankment ; the lower 
 rooms of course are still darker, being ten feet below the 
 level of the parade ground, and receiving their light from 
 a narrow area — all the rooms are however dry — the lower 
 ones have stone floors, the upper ones plank floors, and all 
 have closets of various sizes between them. 
 
 The night before we landed. Lieutenant Buell, who has 
 charge of the political prisoners, and Lieutenant Casey, 
 who has charge of the prisoners of war, undertook, with 
 the aid of two or three gentlemen among us, to apportion 
 the rooms ; it was ascertained, after setting aside forty-five 
 of the political prisoners, who had no money, and for other 
 reasons, were not entitled to officers' quarters, that from 
 eight to nine would have to be placed in each room — those 
 gentlemen undertook to select the occupants of each room ; 
 putting together such as ilieij supposed would harmonize 
 in their habits and associations, and be agreeable to each 
 other ; the intention was a good one, but failed in the 
 execution ; during the night, the prisoners on board under- 
 
80 
 
 * 
 
 standing that about eight would be allotted to each room, 
 were engaged in making up their own parties of such as 
 were congenial to each other, not knowing of the arrange- 
 ments being made for them ; next morning on entering the 
 Fort we were all drawn up in a line, and our names called ; 
 as each eight or nine, as the case might be, answered to 
 their names, they were given the number of their room 
 and directed to it, and great was the amount of indignation 
 expended when it was seen that some gentlemen occupied 
 the front parlors, while others, their equals in social posi- 
 tion, were consigned to the back cellars : I was assigned to 
 an upper back room with a set of associates probably clever 
 enough in their own way, but certainly the last I should 
 have selected had I been left to my own choice ; indeed, the 
 evening j)revious, Wallis and myself were pitying the man 
 who should be quartered with them ; neither of us dream- 
 ing that it would be my lot ; it turned out, however, very 
 fortunate for me, as it enabled me to get the small room I 
 have spoken of as a bed-room, and eventually gave me the 
 best accommodations in the Fort. 
 
 The forty-five referred to as being without money, and 
 for that, and other reasons, not being entitled to considera- 
 tion, were placed together in one of the casemates some 
 distance from us — a room seventeen by fifty feet within the 
 walls, ceiling and floors of naked stone ; none of them had 
 either beds or bedding, a few had blankets, some pine slats 
 were given them'^to lie on temporarily, and at the end of a 
 week, bunks were put up, and each man furnished with a 
 cotton sack, twelve pounds of straw and a blanket ; sol- 
 dier's rations were served them, and a good cooking stove 
 given to them; these men "fared much worse than at Fort 
 LaFayette, where the same distinctions were not and could 
 not be made, and were very bitter in their denunciations of 
 their treatment; for the first tv\^o or three days the ofiicers 
 and soldiers of the Grarrison were disposed to treat them as 
 pariahs, and a guard was placed at their door to keep them 
 as close prisoners ; but this was removed, and they wei-e 
 allowed the same privilege of exercise that we were — on 
 
81 
 
 the whole, they were a pretty hard party, and would occa- 
 sionally relieve the monotony of their confinement by a 
 fight among themselves ; the Lieutenant in charge was not 
 disposed to he amiable towards them, having had his 
 pocket picked of forty-five dollars, which he insisted must 
 have been done by som^ one of the forty-five inmates of 
 casemate number forty-five. 
 
 Spent the evening in my room reading and writing, 
 received the Baltimore papers only one day old, showing 
 no detention in the delivery, 
 
 November 11. One of the cold, penetrating, driving, 
 rainy days peculiar to the sea-coast in this latitude, enough 
 to give one the horrors ; out-door exercise impossible ; spent 
 the day in reading, writing and attending to my mess 
 duties; my week's service as carver and waiter on the table 
 has expired, but I have agreed to continue the ordering 
 of provisions and keeping the mess accounts. Colonel 
 Pegram, Captain De Lagnel and Charles H. Pitts being 
 appointed the committee to superintend and wait on the 
 table the ensuing week. 
 
 Received a basket from home to-daj^, filled with good 
 things, among them a dozen bottles of mint julep, laven- 
 der brandy and old whiskey, which were stopped by the 
 Corporal who examined the basket, and taken to the Colo- 
 nel's quarters. Made a visit to the Colonel, who kindly 
 consented to my retaining them, expressing great confi- 
 dence that I would use them judiciously, and suggested 
 that I should not make the fact generally known that I 
 had them ; he might as well have suggested to the hounds 
 that they should no longer scent the fox. Liquor was 
 scarce, and my friends were all seized with a sudden solici- 
 tude about my health which could only be relieved by per- 
 sonal enquiry ; made a pitcher of hot whiskey punch, and 
 spent the evening in my room entertaining such visitors as 
 dropped in. 
 
 Two of our party left to-day, Mr. Bunker, of Mobile, and 
 Mr. Pierce, of New Orleans — both took the oath of alle- 
 giance. 
 
82 
 
 November 12. — Usual routine for the morning, exercise 
 and attending to the mess duties ; a number of articles 
 received to-day from the charitable ladies of Boston, viz: 
 some second hand Testaments and Sunday school hymn 
 books, several jars of jelly, quite a number of calico comforts, 
 made of old frocks and window curtains; a small parcel 
 was handed to me by the corporal, endorsed with great 
 pomposity "from Mrs. Alexander V. Rice, of Boston, for 
 the sick rebels in Fort Warren," opened it and found it 
 contained six bottles of "Ayers' Cherry Pectoral," not 
 having any use for it, handed it back to the corporal for 
 him to find some other customer ; six of my back room 
 mates, although men of property, were mean enough to 
 accept the calico comforts referred to; although abundantly 
 able to make themselves comfortable, they have preferred 
 to depend upon the charity of their fellow-j^risoners and 
 the Boston people for every thing they require, too indo- 
 lent to keep their room clean, which has only been done 
 when I paid one of the servants from some other room to 
 clean it for them ; with one exception they should have been 
 placed in number forty-five, v/here they jn'operly belong. 
 
 November 13. Beautiful day, reminds rae of the weather 
 at home during this month, spent most of the morning 
 exercising in the open air, received letters from home, all 
 well, and expecting my release very soon now tliat the 
 election is over; have not much hope of it myself, had my 
 name transferred from the roll of the back room to the 
 front room, a very desirable change as it gives me a right 
 to use the front room, which I only enjoyed before by 
 courtesy, and relieves me entirely from my former asso- 
 ciates without offending them ; my room mates now 
 consist of Commodore Barron,* who sleeps in the small 
 room with me; Colonel Pegram,t who was captured at the 
 
 *Commodore Barron was exchanged in July, 1862, and is now stationed 
 at Chai'lotte, North Carolina, or was a short time since. 
 
 t Colonel Pegram was exchanged early in January, and was on the staflFof 
 General Beauregard at the battle of Shiloh, now a Brigadier General 
 under General Bragg. 
 
83 
 
 battle of Rich Mountain, in Virginia, last summer ; Colonel 
 Bradford,* an old armj^ officer, who was captured at 
 Hatteras Inlet, and who, singularly enough, was one of the 
 officers who superintended the construction of this Fort, 
 Captain De Lagnel,t who was taken in Virginia after the 
 battle of Rich Mountain; Charles Green, | a merchant of 
 Savannah, arrested at Detroit on his way home from 
 Europe ; Andrew Lowe, § a merchant of Savannah, arrested 
 at Cincinnati on his way home from Europe, Marshal 
 Kane, of Baltimore, and Appleton,]] the young man who 
 was taken while endeavoring to make his way from Balti- 
 more to Virginia ; the latter two sleep in the passage, 
 where Marshal Kane has fitted up a very nice room, by 
 running a petition across the lower end, his health not 
 permitting him to sleep in a room with a fire ; one servant, 
 one of the North Carolina privates, is allotted to us, who 
 makes the fire, and the beds, (except mine, for I don't let 
 anybody touch mine but myself,) cleans up the room, 
 blacks the boots, brings water and makes himself gener- 
 ally useful, particularly when he is looked after and kept 
 up to his work. Mr. Green, who prides himself on his 
 skill in making tea, has undertaken that depart- 
 ment, and at eight o'clock we have a nice little set out of 
 whatever we may happen to have in the closet; at "re- 
 
 * Colonel Bradford was exchanged in December, and returned to his 
 home in North Carolina; he was in bad health — now in command at 
 Goldsboro', North Carolina. 
 
 t Captain DeLagnel after his exchange in December, was promoted to 
 a Lieutenant Colonelcy, and commanded the batteries at Craney Island, 
 near Norfolk; now in command at Fayetteville, North Carolina. 
 
 X Mr. Green was released in February on parole to go to his family, 
 then in Virginia, but not to return to Savannah. Five hundred dollars to 
 R. J. effected what Lord Lyons failed in ; Green was a British subject. 
 
 ^Mr. Lowe was paroled for exchange in February, but spent three 
 months in Baltimore, endeavoring to get a pass to go South; he, finally by 
 a liberal expenditure of money, succeeded in getting it, and returned 
 home. 
 
 II Appleton was released on an indefinite parole in March, and returned 
 home to study law. 
 
84 
 
 treat ' ' tliat is at half-past four, when we leave the parade 
 ground and retire to our rooms, and the sentinels are drawn 
 in to our door, I trim and light my lamp, and prepare my 
 writing table for those who wish to write, or read in quiet, 
 leaving the front room for conversation, and the back- 
 gammon players, the only game we have, as there are not 
 card players enough among us to make up a game ; at ten 
 o'clock, I brew a pitcher of hot whiskey punch, which we 
 sip until eleven; Colonel Pegram, the only one among us 
 who does not partake of the punch, gives us some very 
 fine music from his guitar, and we put out the light and 
 go to bed ; conversation not being forbidden in bed, as at 
 Fort LaFayette, those who are not sleepy can indulge until 
 they unconsciously drop off. 
 
 November 14. One of the loveliest days that could be 
 imagined, j)ositive luxury to be in the open air ; read and 
 wrote alternately all day, most of our party, from the 
 tenor of their letters received to-day, are very sanguine of 
 an early release, '' Qiousverrons;" — went with Mr. Harrison, 
 who had heard some of them were sick, to visit the 
 prisoners in number forty-five, and to distribute some 
 clothing among them sent by the ladies of Baltimore: — 
 God bless them for their continued kind remembrance of 
 the poor prisoners ; — good substantial clothing, not miser- 
 able patches of cast off garments. The atmos})here of 
 number forty-five was almost unendurable, that peculiar 
 sickening smell known as a " Poor House smell," familiar 
 to all who have gone tlirough Alms Houses ; got out of it 
 as soon as possible, and for the first time visited the case- 
 mates occupied by the North Carolina privates, (which, 
 however, was against the rules, as visits to them are not 
 permitted,) found their condition much worse thd,n the 
 inmates of number forty-five ; the casemates are the same 
 size, that is seventeen by fifty feet, but tlie number in 
 each, varied from sixty-five to eighty-five, and the stench 
 was perfectly sickening ; no wonder that thirty or forty 
 are continually in the hospital with the typhus fever ; — 
 
85 
 
 the mumps has run through the whole of them ; each 
 room is furnished with a large iron kettle with a furnace 
 under it outside the door, in which kettle they hoil their 
 meat and soup, and make their coffee, all exposed to the 
 weather. I have often noticed them, thinly clad, cooking 
 their rations in a driving rain or snow storm. 
 
 From thence I went to the hospital, the sentinel kindly 
 looking another way when I passed him ; here I was most 
 agreeably disappointed, a more comfortable and better 
 arranged hospital I have never seen, clean and free from 
 . any unpleasant smell ; the contrast was so great between 
 it and the rooms I had just left, that I began to think it 
 must be a luxury for the poor fellows to get sick, and 
 rejoiced that I had at last found something creditable to 
 the United States Government in my journeyings round 
 among their Forts, but the delusion was dispelled on my 
 return to my room, by being informed that it was fitted 
 up entirely by private contributions from Boston, under 
 the direction of Dr. Peters, a surgeon in the Federal army, 
 who was taken prisoner in Texas, and released on his 
 parole of honor until exchanged, and who has devoted 
 himself to the sick prisoners, carrying the point of honor 
 so far that he will not attend to the sick of the garrison, 
 considering that would be a breach of his parole ; that man 
 ought to be unconditionally released. 
 
 r T November 15. A placard was posted in our rooms 
 to-day, that on to-morrow an agent of the State Depart- 
 ment would visit the Fort, for the purpose of ascertaining 
 and reporting to Washington the names of such prisoners 
 as were willing to take the oath of allegiance, as a con- 
 dition preliminary to any investigation of their cases. 
 Numbers, no doubt, will take that or any other oath the 
 Grovernment may require, to be released from imprison- 
 ment ; like the news man in Fort LaFayette, who was not 
 at all particular what the oath was, and would not hear 
 it read. 
 
 A large lot of clothing, shoes and blankets, was received 
 
86 
 
 to-day by Mr. Wallis, from a Mr. Johnson, of Boston, for 
 distribution among the North Carolina prisoners. It came 
 very opportunely, for they were sadly in want of it ; there 
 are some gentlemen in Boston, although one would not 
 think so, to judge of the Boston newspapers. A small 
 parcel was received to-day, and when opened was found to 
 contain two pair of nice yarn socks, with a slip of paper 
 containing, " For a prisoner at Fort Warren, from a young 
 lady in Boston, who has a brother, a prisoner, in Eich- 
 mond ;" that girl's heart is in the right place. 
 
 My views with regard to the Maryland election liave 
 been more than realized, — our letters from Baltimore, and 
 from all parts of the State represent it as disgusting in 
 the extreme, not worthy of being dignified by the name of 
 a farce ; gangs of rowdies and armed soldiers stationed at 
 the polls, privileged to arrest and imprison whom they 
 pleased, while the ballot box was stuffed with the votes of 
 "Loyal Citizens." In the City of Baltimore several 
 hundred were arrested and sent to the watch houses, and 
 when they were full, to the theatre, charged, as the 
 " Baltimore American " quaintly observes, with "attempt- 
 ing to pollute the ballot box," by depositing Democratic 
 votes; even the aforesaid '^Baltiinore American" degraded 
 as it is, I'elt impelled to express its regret at the extent to 
 which those outrages were perpetrated, not that they were 
 disgraceful in themselves_, but that well known "Loyalty" 
 of tlie great mass of the people of Baltimore, rendered 
 them unnecessary. 
 
 How any one, bearing the shape of a man, and claiming 
 to be one, can accept the fruits of such villiany, is one of 
 the curiosities of human nature be3"ond my comprehension — 
 truly there must be a charm in the possession of power. 
 
 Spent the evening in making up my mess accounts for 
 the week, a very troublesome job. 
 
 November 16. Mr. Seth C. Hawley, the agent of the 
 State Department, referred to yesterday, came down this 
 morning to make liis investigation ; did not visit my room, 
 
87 
 
 and left word he would be down again ; prepared my 
 answer in writing, declining to take the oath, or accept my 
 freedom clogged with any conditions ; if the Government 
 has any charge against me let them produce it. 
 
 Hawley was very much disgusted with the result of his 
 mission, and with the prisoners generally : found hut three 
 or four that were willing to take the oath, and had to listen 
 to a great deal of plain talk not at all complimentary to 
 him or liis master ; one of the prisoners suggested to Haw- 
 ley, that as a preliminary to the opening of negotiations 
 on the subject, he should pay over the six hundred dollars, 
 which, as a lawyer, he had collected some years since and 
 failed to account for. One of the North Carolina officers, 
 to whom he commenced talking onthesubjectof the"oath," 
 promptly demanded satisfaction for the insult ; Hawley 
 immediately apologized, protesting that he was not aware 
 he was conversing with a prisoner of war : doubtless he 
 will report us as "incorrigible rebels." 
 
 Very dull to-day ; not sick — not well ; too hot in the 
 rooms — too cold and windy to go outside ; glad when night 
 came that I could liglit my lamp and get to reading. 
 
 November 17. — Sunday. Church service by the Eev. Mr. 
 North, but did not get to it ; was engaged in reading and 
 missed the hour. Visiting round until dinner, which was 
 an extra good one, with champagne and sherry ; presents 
 to Mr. Faulkner from some of his New York friends ; time 
 begins to grow heavy and monotonous ; getting very tired 
 of the daily routine of eating, drinking and sleeping ; how 
 I shall get through the winter if kept here I cannot tell ; 
 the climate is hori'ible — cold, foggy and changing in tem- 
 perature half a dozen times a day, while the small space 
 allotted us for exercise, never having been graded or paved, 
 is so muddy that we cannot use it half the time ; it is true 
 I am comfortably fixed within doors, hut it will be tiresome 
 in the extreme ; read until ten o'clock and went to bed. 
 
88 
 
 November 18. Mr. Hawley, the agent of Seward, made 
 his appearance again to-day — handed him my answer in 
 writing, which he said he would have filed in the State 
 Department ;* it was in substance that I could not recog- 
 nise the justice or legality of my arrest by the acceptance 
 of any conditions as the price of my release, which I sup- 
 pose fixes me here for the winter ; two of my recent room 
 mates express their willingness to swear to anything, and 
 are frank enough to say that they do not regard an illegal 
 oath, taken under duress, as having any moral force. 
 
 Another large lot of clothing was received to day from 
 the ladies of Baltimore for the Hatteras prisoners. Mr. 
 Warfield, Mr. Harrison and Marshal Kane undertook its 
 distribution. 
 
 The boat to-day also brought down, a lean, tall, uncom- 
 monly pious looking individual, with a white cravat, 
 whose business it was to distribute among the prisoners 
 some religious tracts and small hymn-books. I secured 
 one of the latter, and will preserve it as a curiosity. The 
 hymns were, as one of our distinguished fellow-citizens 
 would say, extremely " simiscuous'' in their character. — ■ 
 Opening the book in the middle, the first my eye lit on, 
 was "Come to Jesus ;" the next the "Star Spangled Ban- 
 ner ;" then, " I would not live always, no, welcome the 
 tomb,'" followed by "Hail Columbia, Happy Land," 
 and "Sinners awake, the hour is come," preceding the 
 "Red, White and Blue." Some of the o-entlemen were 
 
 Fort Warren, November 16, 1861. 
 
 * I have twice taken the oath to support and defend the Constitution of 
 the United States, during the jiresent year, and am not disposed to turn a 
 solemn obligation into ridicule by constant repetitions of it. 
 
 I am not conscious of having, in any manner, violated that obligation. 
 If I have, or if the Government supposes I have, I have a right, as a citi- 
 zen of the United States, to demand an investigation. 
 
 I cannot, by the acceptance of conditions for my release, acknowledge 
 by implication or inference, that any just or legal cause existed for my 
 arrest, which I utterly deny. 
 
 I am willing to hold myself in readiness to meet any charges that may 
 be brought against me. Lawrence San«ston. 
 
89 
 
 rude enough to decline liis hymn books; for my part I 
 would not take a dollar for mine. 
 
 Spent the evening in my room reading the Ingoldsby 
 Legends, and playing back-gammon with Colonel Pegram ; 
 went to bed at ten, very sleepy. 
 
 November 19. Spent the morning as usual in exercise, 
 , reading and visiting the neighbors ; although I have rea- 
 son to be thankful for my comfortable quarters, I regret 
 very much my separation from my Baltimore and Mary- 
 land friends ; they are all, with the exception of Marshal 
 Kane, located on the other side of the sally-port, and 
 although we have the privilege of visiting freely during 
 the day, we cannot cross the sally-port at night, but have 
 free access to the eight rooms on our side of it, from sun- 
 set until eleven o'clock. My associates are altogether 
 among officers of the army and navy, and although very 
 clever and intelligent gentlemen, it would be a relief occa- 
 sionally to spend an evening with my own people; I might 
 perhaps get permission to do so, but I dislike asking favors 
 of our keepers. 
 
 I have already noticed that Colonel Dimick was kind 
 enough to write to Fort LaFayette for our wines and 
 liquors that, were kept by Lieutenant Wood, on our 
 departure ; almost all the prisoners had more or less 
 liquors in the store room, either purchased, or the gift of 
 kind friends, and generally of the finest quality ; to-day 
 Dr. Thomas received two demijohns and a half one, of 
 whiskey, part of his stock, being all that arrived ; as the 
 Commandant of Fort LaFayette does not add drinking to 
 his numerous failings, he could have had none other than 
 a pecuniary motive in confiscating them, and somebody 
 must have made two or three hundred dollars by the 
 operation. 
 
 Received pleasant letters from home and spent the 
 evening in answering and getting up my correspondence, 
 generally, which had fallen in arrears. 
 
90 
 
 November 20. Suffered very mucli last night from 
 Lumbago, must have taken cold, first time for nearly a 
 month I have had it ; it does not affect my general health, 
 but is exceedingly painful and annoying ; feel very dull 
 to-day, too cold and blustering to exercise much in the 
 open air, and but little disposition to do anything within 
 doors; went to No. 2 and played cards with Governor 
 Morehead,* Warfield and Pitts for an hour, got tired of 
 that; helped them, in connexion with Dr. Thomas and 
 Frank Howard, to drink a bottle of whiskey, but that did 
 not raise my spirits. Went back to my own room and 
 played back-gammon with Colonel Pegram for an hour or 
 two, got tired of that; tried to read the Boston papers, but 
 soon became disgusted'with them, particularly on reading 
 that Captain Updegraff, the officer who commanded the 
 gang of thieves that rifled our baggage on the voyage from 
 Fort LaFayette to Fort Warren, was, for ''meritorious 
 conduct," promoted to be a Colonel in the army; went 
 
 *The Governor, like myself, would occasionally become restive, and 
 find it difficult to get through the day; accustomed to an active life, men- 
 tally and physically, enjoying for many years the highest honors that could 
 be conferred on him by his native State, and surrounded by all comforts 
 and luxuries that wealth and position could give him, retired from jjublic 
 life and devoting himself to his family and the cultivation of his estate; he 
 found the transition to the loathsome battery rooms at Fort LaFayette 
 almost unendurable. 
 
 The story of his arrest was the same as of all the prisoners, dragged 
 from his bed at midnight, hui'ried off without a change of clothing, taken 
 by special trains from town to town and from jail to jail, to avoid the 
 service of writs of Habeas Corpus, and finally lodged in Fort LaFayette, 
 after a journey of a thousand miles, in the same clothing in which he was 
 taken, and then furnished with a bag of half rotten straw to sleep on. 
 He had been sent to Washington by the State of Kentucky, to represent 
 her in the Peace Convention, so called, and having spoken and voted in 
 favor of Peace, was thereafter regarded a "dangerous" man. 
 
 He was released in February and returned to his home in Kentucky ; 
 although taking no part in public affairs his presence there was supposed 
 by the Government to have an unfavorable influence, and his re-arrest 
 was ordered ; getting wind of it, two or three hours start enabled him to 
 reach the Canada frontier before his pursuers, from whence a few weeks 
 afterwards he went to England. 
 
91 
 
 into my little room and lit the lamp, thinking I would 
 read for two or three hours, gave it up and went to bed, 
 but not to sleep. The Commodore, observing that my 
 thoughts ''were in a train that did not run on sleepers," 
 kindly entertained me with a very interesting account of 
 his capture at Fort Hatteras, at Hatteras Inlet ; it appears 
 that the Fort was a very small one, built for only one 
 hundred and fifty men, and having bomb-proof shelter for 
 only that number ; when the attack commenced he had in 
 the Fort three hundred men, and during the night follow- 
 ing, four hundred additional were sent into the Fort, — on 
 the second day's bombardment, the ships anchored two 
 miles distant, in a x>erfect calm, a thing hitherto unknown 
 in the neighborhood of Cape Hatteras, obtained the exact 
 range of the Fort, arid could place every shell they fired, 
 into it, while in the Fort, there was not a gun that would 
 reach over a mile; four-fifths of the men were without 
 shelter, and their retreat entirely cut off; under such 
 circumstances it was necessary, to save the lives of the 
 men, to hoist the white flag for a parley; it was now the 
 duty of Greneral Butler, who commanded the opposing 
 forces, to have sent an ofiicer in a boat to have ascertained 
 what was wanted, instead of which, he brought several of 
 his vessels under the guns of the Fort, one of which, the 
 " Harriet Lane," got ashore, and then sent a boat ashore 
 to receive the proposition Commodore Barron had to make. 
 Barron proposed to surrender as "Prisoners of War." 
 Butler demanded an unconditional surrender. Barron 
 refused to capitulate in any other way, insisting that his 
 defences were but little injured, and he had plenty of 
 ammunition left, and that if his terms were not acceded 
 to, he would, after giving sufficient time for the officers to 
 regain the decks of their vessels, hoist his flag and 
 resume the battle. 
 
 Butler now began to understand the position in which 
 his ignorance of the rules of naval warfare had placed him ; 
 the Fort would certainly ultimately be reduced by the 
 powerful fleet that was safely anchored out of reach of 
 
92 
 
 its guns ; but in the meantime, Butler and the ships under 
 the guns of the Fort could he hlown in the air before they 
 could possibly escape, and under the necessity of the case, 
 Barron's demands were acceded to, and the garrison 
 capitulated as prisoners of war, having guaranteed to 
 them all the rights accorded to prisoners of war by the 
 usage of civilized warfare, being the first time the United 
 States, through any of its officers, has recognized the 
 Confederates as belligerents, and this explains why the 
 North Carolina officers have the jmrole of the island, 
 wear their uniforms, and enjoy i)rivileges not accorded 
 to other prisoners of war. This portion of the capitulation 
 of Fort Hatteras, however, does not appear in the official 
 report of General Butler ; perhaps the General thought it 
 ''would not look well in print." 
 
 November 21. Still suffering with Lumbago, and con- 
 sequently dull and gloomy, not only from that, but other 
 desagremens. This is the twenty-fifth anniversary of 
 my wedding day, the day on which we were to have 
 celebrated our silver wedding, and I am in a military 
 prison, five hundred miles from home. May the foul 
 fiend blast those who sent me here in utter violation of 
 Law and Justice ; I don't often indulge in the luxury of 
 swearing, if it be a luxury, but to-day I can't help it; 
 perhaps the recording angel will treat me as liberally as 
 he did "Uncle Toby." 
 
 Wrote home to my wife, and was sorry afterwards I did 
 so, because of the sadness of my missive's tenor: — fresh 
 arrival of prisoners to-day, two officers and twenty-three 
 privates, captured at Santa Rosa Island, near Pensacola, 
 in the fight there with Billy Wilson's regiment of New 
 York thieves ; they were very ragged and destitute : for- 
 tunately a large lot of clothing arrived to-day, from the 
 Baltimore ladies, which was distributed among them : 
 coming from a warm climate and being very thinly clad, 
 they were almost frozen to-day, by being kept on the 
 parade ground for two hours in the face of a driving 
 
93 
 
 storm, until quarters were assigned them. The Baltimore 
 people have heen exceedingly liberal to the prisoners here, 
 scarcely" a day passes that something does not arrive for 
 them. 
 
 November 22. Usual routine for the morning, reading, 
 visiting and exercise, wrote to my brother to know if he 
 could learn through some of his Union friends, what the 
 Government propose to do with us ? but I fear he may not 
 act, as his own ''loyalty" may be suspected, if he makes 
 any inquiries. 
 
 My attention was called to-day to a fact I had hitherto 
 not noticed, that two of our room mates, although joining 
 in general conversation, did not speak to each other, and 
 made some inquiry as to the cause ; it appears they were 
 merchants in the same city, and for many years partners 
 in business ; they separated as partners sometimes will do, 
 with some ill-feeling or misunderstanding, both went to 
 England on business, and the story goes, that in returning 
 they took different steamers to avoid coming in contact ; 
 each was arrested on his way home, one in Detroit, the 
 other in Cincinnati, both arrived by the same boat on the 
 same day, at Fort Warren, and were quartered in the 
 same room, — so all their efforts to keep apart were unsuc- 
 cessful. 
 
 Spent the evening in reading and playing back-gammon 
 with Colonel Pegram. 
 
 November 23. Usual routine for the morning ; received 
 some fine old whiskey from home, and consequently had 
 numerous visitors who called to enquire after my health. 
 Officers making preparations to receive Messrs. Mason and 
 Slidell, who are expected here to-morrow ; notwithstand- 
 ing the rejoicing of the press and the hallelujahs of the 
 pulpit at their capture, the approval of the President and 
 Secretary of the Navy of the act of Captain Wilkesi, the 
 vote of thanks given him by Congress, the exultation of 
 Grovernor Andrews at Wilkes having bearded the British 
 
94 
 
 lion, and the general demand of the Northern press that 
 the captives shall be confined in a dungeon and fed on 
 hread and water, it is very evident that Mr. Seward does 
 not feel at ease, and is doubtful of the result, for orders 
 came yesterday to prepare quarters suitable to their rank ; 
 nine North Carolina officers — a Colonel, a Lieutenant- 
 Colonel, a Major and six Captains were turned out of their 
 rooms to accommodate them, the floor carpeted and the 
 rooms well furnished with bedsteads, good beds and bed- 
 ding, tables, chairs, &c., which has never before been 
 done for any prisoners ; their quarters are adjacent to 
 mine — only the passage between us — so we will be close 
 neighbors. 
 
 An easterly storm set in after dinner and blew a gale 
 all night ; heard the surf breaking over the rocks until I 
 went to sleep. 
 
 November 24. Storm over, bright, clear morning ; queer 
 climate this — rain, hail, snow, fog and sunshine all in 
 twenty- four hours; spent part of the morning in collecting 
 autographs in a book for which I sent to Boston yesterday; 
 church service as usual by Mr. North ; the Colonel has fit- 
 ted up a room specially for the purpose with stoves and 
 benches ; it is well attended by the officers and soldiers of 
 the Garrison, as well as the prisoners, the Colonel always 
 taking part in the service. 
 
 At eleven o'clock this morning the steamer San Jacinto, 
 Captain Wilkes, arrived with her prisoners, Messrs. Mason 
 and Slidell, and Messrs. Eustis and McFarland, their sec- 
 retaries, who were duly installed in their quarters ; they 
 looked pleasant and cheerful, and a stranger might have 
 supposed they were visitors instead of prisoners. 
 
 After delivering them. Captain Wilkes took his ship up 
 to Boston to receive the promised ovation, and aid the loyal 
 and patriotic people of that city in making asses of them- 
 selves. 
 
 Wrote to Mr. John Garrett to know wlicther l:o could 
 give me any information relative to our confinement, or 
 
95 
 
 the prospects of a release. Spent the evening in my room 
 in writing and listening to the new-comers giving an ac- 
 count of themselves and their capture. 
 
 November 25. Passed a restless night, suffering very 
 much with Lumhago ; snow until noon, when it turned into 
 rain and slush, preventing any out-door exercise ; got 
 through the day as well as I could, visiting my neighbors 
 and gossiping. Spent the afternoon in Mason and Slidell's 
 room, listening to a narration of their voyage^ how they 
 ran the blockade at Charleston, their arrival at, and recep- 
 tion in Havana, their capture by the San Jacinto, their 
 treatment by Captain Wilkes, (which was courteous, he 
 giving up his own cabin to them,) and their voyage to this 
 place. The United States Marshal with some of his depu- 
 ties joined the ship oif New York, and endeavored to 
 make an exhibition of their " loyalty" by rudeness towards 
 the prisoners, assuming that they had charge of them, 
 which was instantly stopped. Captain Wilkes informing 
 the Marshal that he commanded the ship, and the New 
 York officers were only passengers ; found their conversa- 
 tion very interesting and their genuine Habanas delicious. 
 
 After writing for an hour in the evening, making up my 
 mess accounts for the week, had a visit from Mr. Eustis 
 and Mr. McFarland ; they take their capture and imprison- 
 ment very composedly, being confident that England will 
 demand their surrender^ and restoration on the deck of a 
 national English vessel ; on the whole they rather appear 
 gratified at it, believing it will hasten the rupture, which 
 they think inevitable, between England and the North. 
 I am not sufficiently versed in such matters to know 
 whether the belief is well founded ; before leaving, Mr. Mc 
 Farland entertained us with music on the guitar, having 
 an excellent voice ; his opera music was entirely too scien- 
 tific for me ; the ballads were delightful. 
 
 To-day, Mrs. Gelston, the lady who was so kind to the 
 prisoners at Fort LaFayette, sent us a large box of 
 provisions, Avhich was distributed among the Hatteras 
 
96 
 
 prisoners, as they have to live altogether on the Govern- 
 ment rations ; a large lot also came from Mr. Milbourne, 
 the blind preacher; thirty turkeys, which were in like 
 manner distributed, reserving a small portion for our mess. 
 
 November 26. Suffered very mucli last night from 
 Lumbago, day cold and raw, with occasional snow, the 
 morning's boat brought down the Marshal with orders to 
 release thirteen prisoners on taking the oath of allegiance, 
 nine took it and departed, the other four refused. 
 
 Of the nine, seven were inmates of "number Forty-five," 
 one of whom remarked to me as he passed out, that "he 
 had been stunk into taking the oath," the other two were 
 my former room mates, Messrs. Quinlan and Landing, 
 members of the Maryland Legislature ; Quinlan has been 
 sick for a long time with a chronic dysentery, and would 
 have died if detained much longer ; he has repeatedly 
 offered to take the oath, with a view of saving his life, but 
 has hitherto been refused ; Landing's habits are bad, being 
 drunk whenever he could get the liquor, and particularly 
 so to-day, having smuggled two bottles of whiskey into 
 his room, in addition to the one allowed by the regulations ; 
 he was too drunk to know whether he were taking the oath 
 of allegiance to Wm. H. Seward, or the Emperor of Japan ; 
 the Government need not be afraid of either of them ; great 
 rejoicing among their room mates at their departure : sick- 
 ness and drunkenness are disagreeable companions in 
 crowded rooms. 
 
 Our mess continues to improve ; fare now equal to any 
 of the hotels ; the only trouble is I eat too much for so 
 little exercise. 
 
 To lessen the trouble, and at the same time make it more 
 agreeable, we have arranged with Mason and Slidell and 
 their secretaries, to have supper alternately in each other's 
 rooms, this gives us the servants of both rooms to wait on 
 the table : and Eustis is a capital good cook, (Kane tliinks 
 he is, but it is a mistake) — the advantage of this arrange- 
 ment is on our side, as their stock of stores is more exten- 
 
97 
 
 sive than ours ; I have been unanimously elected to brew 
 the whiskey punch at ten o'clock ; perhaps this mark of 
 confidence was extended because I happen to be the only 
 one who has a stock of Scotch and Irish whiskey, but it 
 may be I make it better than any of the others. 
 
 After supper, Mason and Slidell went over the whole 
 subject of International Law as applicable to their case, 
 and did not, for a moment, entertain a doubt of the result ; 
 Mr. Mason went so far as to make a calculation of the time 
 they would remain in Fort Warren ; he said the Captain of 
 the "Trent," which vessel only went as far as St. Thomas, 
 would deem the matter of sufficient importance to go to 
 England himself and report in person, that he would arrive 
 at Southampton on the 28th of November, and immediately 
 take an express train for London : that the news would be 
 instantly telegraphed all over England and create an 
 unparalleled excitement : public meetings would be held 
 in every direction calling upon the government to demand 
 immediate reparation for the outrage and insult to the 
 British flag : that the government would within five days 
 dispatch a special messenger of rank, with a positive demand 
 for their surrender, and an ample apology for the outrage, 
 with instructions to Lord Lyons, if refused, to demand his 
 passports and return home immediately ; that in view of a 
 possible refusal, England would immediately prohibit the 
 exportation of military stores, and commence shipping 
 troops and munitions of war to Canada : that on the arrival 
 of the messenger in Washington, Mr. Seward would ask a 
 few days grace for the sake of appearances, which would 
 be granted : that in spite of all the bluster of the press, he 
 would make a virtue of necessity and yield to the demands 
 of England : that a British ship of war would be sent to 
 Fort Warren from either Halifax or Bermuda : that they 
 would leave on or about the 1st January, and by the 15th 
 January, would be at their respective posts in London and 
 Paris. 
 
 The experience of Mr. Mason on questions of Inter- 
 national Law, acquired by many years' service as Chairman 
 
of the Committee on Foreign Kelations in Congress, per- 
 haps authorizes him to make this statement in advance, 
 ' ' nous verrons. ' ' 
 
 While sipping the punch. Colonel Pegram and Mr. 
 McFarland entertained us with some fine singing and music 
 on the guitar, which they continued long after the lights 
 were put out, and we went to bed. 
 
 November 27. One of the marvels of this wonderful 
 climate, a clear, calm, warm, shining day, about equal to 
 June weather in Maryland ; in all probability we shall 
 have a gale of wind and a snow storm before morning. 
 
 Another arrival to-day, Captain Tatnall, of the Navy, 
 just returned from the coast of Africa, and one departure, 
 Mr. Langley, of New Orleans. Spent most of the morn- 
 ing in collecting mess dues for the week, and writing to 
 Boston for provisions ; had to visit all the rooms, and found 
 the universal subject of discussion was International Law, 
 all contending that the laws of nations were violated in the 
 capture of Mason and Slidell, except Mr. Faulkner, who 
 took the opposite ground, while he regretted it ; went back 
 to my own room and found the same subject under discus- 
 sion, Mr. Mason going over the whole ground to a numer- 
 ous audience which had dropped in to hear him ; mail came 
 in with papers from Boston and New York, nothing in 
 them but Mason and Slidell and International Law, all 
 agreeing that Captain Wilkes had immortalized himself, 
 and some naming him for the next President of the United 
 States ; many of them insisting that England ought to be 
 whipped any how, as a punishment for her sympathy for 
 the rebels ; long account of the grand banquet given to 
 Captain Wilkes in Boston, and the very effectual manner 
 in which Governor Andrews and the " solid men" of that 
 city made fools and asses of themselves. 
 
 One of the Boston papers contained a very interesting 
 letter from '' their Fort Warren correspondent," describ- 
 ing the arrival and reception of Mason and Slidell; their 
 villainous, cut-throat looking countenances ; their baggage. 
 
99 
 
 consisting of a small amount of clothing and a large 
 amount of liquors and cigars ; the close confinement in 
 their dungeon apartments ; their dinner, (the fellow had 
 the ill-manners to peep through the bars,) consisting of 
 salt pork, bread and bean soup, served on tin plates and 
 eaten with an iron spoon ; how Slidell, whose habits were 
 supposed to be more luxurious than Mason's, turned up his 
 nose at food that was too good for them, and how thank- 
 ful they ought to be to a humane and merciful government 
 for not hanging them as traitors, &c., &c. 
 
 Read the letter this evening to Mason and Slidell at the 
 supper table, while they were discussing some terrapins 
 and oysters from Maryland, and a very fine boned turkey 
 from Cranston, of the New York Hotel ; noticed the sen- 
 tinels as they passed the windows looking wistfully in, 
 doubtless regretting they were not inside and we outside. 
 
 After supper we were again entertained with the voices 
 and guitars of Pegram and McFarland until bed-time. 
 
 November 28. Snow, rain, hail and slush until mid-day 
 when the sun came out, but the ground was unfit for exer- 
 cise ; quite a large number of prisoners discharged to-day, 
 fourteen from Kentucky, including the idiot, and Mr. 
 Carter from Baltimore ; the former had not a dollar among 
 the whole party, and Grovernor Morehead protested in the 
 strongest terms against the cruelty of turning those men 
 adrift, seven or eight hundred* miles from home, with no 
 means of reaching there; we had been in the habit of 
 taking up a collection among ourselves to defray the ex- 
 penses of individual prisoners who were discharged, to 
 their homes, but this lot was too large for our limited 
 means ; after a long discussion, the Colonel and the Marshal 
 from Boston promised they should be sent home at the 
 expense of the Government. 
 
 All of them took the oath, and went through the usual 
 search by the Marshal, a most searching operation. When 
 a prisoner is released on parole of honor, he packs up his 
 baggage, which is sent to the wharf for him, takes leave 
 
100 
 
 of his friends, and departs like a gentleman ; if he takes 
 the oath of allegiance, he is not permitted to leave his 
 room until he finally departs ; a guard is placed over him 
 to see that he does not communicate with the other 
 prisoners ; when ready, he and his baggage are taken to 
 the office, and undergo a rigid examination from the 
 Marshal or some of his deputies, even to the shaking out 
 of every shirt and handkerchief to see that nothing is con- 
 cealed in them. I was accidentally a witness this morning, 
 to the search of Carter's trunk, the Marshal was on his 
 knees carefully taking out each article, opening and 
 shaking it, and even reading over the letters from Carter's 
 wife, which had already been read before he received them, 
 while Carter was standing meekly looking on ; I could not 
 help expressing my indignation at the insult in very plain 
 terms ; the Marshal looked up in amazement at the temerity 
 of a prisoner in thus addressing him, expecting me to 
 wilt under his withering gaze, but finding I did'nt, quietly 
 resumed his dirty work. It is evident they have no con- 
 fidence in the man who would accept his liberty on such 
 terms and regard him as degraded, and I think they are 
 right, although in Carter's case the circumstances which 
 impelled him to take the oath, justified him in so doing ; 
 we were all sorry to part with him, for apart from being 
 an agreeable companion, he was very useful ; the North 
 Carolina officers will particularly miss him, as he under- 
 took the management of the'ir mess, and kept the accounts. 
 At twelve o'clock orders were given for us to repair to 
 our rooms; while wondering what could be the object, and 
 thinking, perhaps, it was to prepare for shipping us to 
 Sandusky Island or Fort Mackinaw, somewhere in the direc- 
 tion of sun set, with which we had been threatened, an 
 officer made his appearance in the room, and with great 
 ceremony and dignity, read us a State paper signed by 
 William H. Seward, forbidding the prisoners to employ 
 counsel in their behalf, assuring them that employment of 
 counsel would be regarded by the State Department as 
 additional cause for continuing their imprisonment; a 
 
101 
 
 queer doctrine, not laid down I believe, in any of the law 
 books, asked liim for a copy of the precious document, he 
 excused himself on the ground that he had to read it to all 
 the prisoners, and would not have time to copy it before 
 the boat returned. 
 
 Spent the evening in my small room, readings writing 
 and playing back-gammon with Colonel Pegram and 
 Mr. McFarland. 
 
 November 29. Snow and rain all day, preventing any 
 out door exercise, so spent the day in reading, writing, 
 back-gammon and visiting the neighbors. One arrival 
 to-day, Mr. Fuller, of Lexington, Ky., of course he has 
 not done anything, that's the uniform story of all new 
 comers ; find the discussion on International Law still con- 
 tinues, a little of it does very well, but am getting tired 
 of it ; this evening, Colonel Pegram, after reading an hour 
 in my little room, remarked that Mason would be in 
 presently _, and as he had had a surfeit of the laws of nations, 
 he would spend the evening in Major Gillam's room, 
 where he could listen to something else by way of variety ; 
 in a few minutes he returned and proposed a game of 
 back-gammon, asked him what brought him back so soon, 
 said he found Mason in the room with a large audience 
 round him, going over the whole subject. 
 
 Mason came in at ten, in time for the whiskey punch, 
 and remained an hour ; got him on other and more interest- 
 ing subjects ; he has fine conversational powers. 
 
 November 30. Snow and slush all day, with a beautiful 
 starry night, funny climate this ; usual in-door routine, 
 reading, writing, visiting, smoking, playing back-gam- 
 mon, any thing to kill time, hard work to get through the 
 day. 
 
 Among the Hatteras prisoners are four negroes who 
 were servants to the ofiicers, and accompanied them hither; 
 two are free and two slaves, all have families at home, and 
 since the cold weather has set in they have become dis- 
 
102 
 
 satisfied and wish to return liome ; a few days ago Major 
 Gillam wrote to the State Department stating the circum- 
 stances and asking permission to send them back ; to-day 
 Colonel Dimick received orders to discharge them on their 
 taking that universal governmental panacea, ''the oath of 
 allegiance to the United States," the negroes were sent for, 
 hut indignantly refused ; the first one, a free negro, when 
 the oath was read to him replied, "Lor hless you massa 
 Dimick, I can't take no such oaf as dat : I'm a secesh 
 nigger;" the next was a slave who wanted to know if 
 "Massa George had taken dat oaf," and on being informed 
 in the negative, replied, "I can't take no oaf dat massa 
 George won't take." So the poor darkies will have to 
 remain until there is a general discharge. One of the free 
 negroes owns several thousand dollars of property in North 
 Carolina, and is very uneasy lest the "dam Yankees," as 
 he terms them, will destroy it, yet would not take the oath 
 to save it ; I remarked to him that perhaj^s he had better 
 have taken it and gone home, he promptly replied, "I 
 ain't going out here on no dishonorable terms." I fear 
 the suggestion has impaired his good opinion of me, for on 
 asking him shortly afterwards to bring me a bucket of water 
 from the pump, he did it very reluctantly. 
 
 December 1. — Sunday. Delicious, balmy morning ; did 
 not go to church as I ought to have done ; the fact is I am 
 losing fast what little piety I ever had, and fear if I remain 
 here much longer I shall have none left — the region seems 
 anti-religious. Spent the most of the day in the open air, 
 for fear this will be the last fine day of the winter; in the 
 evening read aloud for my companions and wi'ote to the 
 Rev. E. N. Kirk, of Boston, who has sent us a number of 
 bound volumes of his sermons, and kindly ofi'cred to preach 
 for us ; accepting his offer and thanking him for his remem- 
 brance of those in " bonds" and requesting him to preach 
 on next Sabbath from the following text : 
 
 "For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner 
 and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him;" 
 
103 
 
 Acts, c. 25, V. 27. Perhaps Mr. Kirk may consider that 
 doctrine ''disloyal" and not adapted to the civilization of 
 the present day, perhaps not. We will see. 
 
 December 2. Nothing to break the monotony of the 
 day but the arrival of six more prisoners, hard looking 
 cases, who were quartered in number forty-five ; found on 
 going to that delectable room that they were fishermen, 
 captured with their fishing batteaux on the Potomac 
 river, on their way home to Baltimore; among them were 
 two Shany's, father and uncle of John Shany, a notorious 
 rowdy of Baltimore, and as it is sometimes called, of a bad 
 breed ; they were both old men, very ragged and dirty ; 
 the captain of the steam tug, Avho captured them, found 
 six hundred dollars in gold, on searching them, which 
 convinced him they were rebels, so he confiscated the gold, 
 and sent them to Fort McHenry, whence they were trans- 
 ferred to Fort Warren ; I think the captain was right, for 
 the possession of that amount in gold on their persons 
 would have been proof positive to my mind, that they had 
 taken a load of "contraband," to Virginia, and were 
 returning with the proceeds, using their fishing boat as a 
 blind, but whether right or wrong, the captain made a 
 good thing of it, for it is not likely they will ever hear of 
 their gold again.* Another burial to-day, from among 
 the Hatteras prisoners. 
 
 *They were released a few days afterwards, on taking the u^ual oath of 
 allegiance. There must have been some mistake in sending them to Fort 
 Warren, five hundred miles from where they were captured, as they were 
 ready at any moment, to take any description of oath required of them. 
 Their room mates told me they had been takingsome medicines to Virginia, 
 and were returning when arrested. If this be so, I wish them better luck 
 next time. I believe this is the only instance in the history of the world, 
 that any nation, claiming to be civilized, has made medicines "contra- 
 band of war." England tried it once, but it created such a storm of 
 indignation all over Europe, that the ministry were compelled to rescind 
 it. Sidney Smith's celebrated letters on this subject, " War on the 
 Gallipots,'' published at the period referred to, settled that matter forever, 
 in Europe, and ought to be re-published in this country at this time. It 
 annoys me that so foul a blot should be in the history of my native country. 
 
104 
 
 December 3. Very unwell to-day, did not go out of my 
 room until eleven, Marshal came down in the boat from 
 Boston with orders to release Dr. Lynch, on condition of 
 his taking the oath and resigning his seat in the Senate of 
 Maryland; and Dr. McGrill, on condition of his taking the 
 oath ; both declined. 
 
 Mayor Brown received a parole of thirty days to visit 
 Boston, with j^ermission to go anywhere in Massachusetts ; 
 in all probability some arrangement will be made at the 
 expiration of that time by which he will not return, but 
 be permitted to go home. Spent the evening in reading 
 and playing back-gammon with Captain De Lagnel, and 
 in writing a long letter home ; very cold to-night, had to 
 break the ice in the pitcher to get a glass of water. 
 
 I, received a piece of information to-day, that is worth 
 recording. Mr. Blair^ one of the cabinet at Washington, 
 (if I am rightly informed,) has always opposed the system 
 of arbitrary arrests, as a matter of both principle and 
 policy — and more particularly has opposed the continued 
 incarceration of the Maryland State prisoners. 
 
 A few days since, at his instance, a cabinet meeting was 
 held on that subject, at which he insisted on the uncondi- 
 tional release of the Maryland prisoners, and after a hard 
 struggle succeeded in getting an order passed for their 
 release ; on the day following, a self-constituted committee 
 of ''Loyal" men from Baltimore, nearly all of whom 
 were speculating on the Government in some shape or 
 form, made their ap23earance in Washington, and presented 
 a sycophantic address to the President, craving for further 
 Grovernment patronage for the City of Baltimore, and 
 telling the President, "Already has your excellency, by 
 removing from our midst incendiary politicians, and by 
 surrounding our City with a force to repel invasion, laid 
 the foundation of affection and gratitude; sentiments 
 which may be perpetuated by affording to our citizens 
 work which the Government requires, and which they are 
 anxious and able to perform. ' ' 
 
105 
 
 The result was, that the order for our release was 
 immediately revoked. Two or three of the more decent 
 of the party, when they discovered the damage they had 
 d(me, insisted that they never read the address and knew 
 nothing of its contents until they heard it read to the 
 President, notwithstanding their names were signed to it ; 
 one of them, who felt particularly sore about it, went so 
 far as to publish a card to that effect. 
 
 December 4. Mr. Brown left us to-day on his visit to 
 Boston; occupied the morning in collecting the mess dues 
 for the week, and undertook a new duty, hitherto per- 
 formed by Mr. Brown^ that of receiving all the liquors that 
 came into the Fort and distributing a bottle daily to each 
 room ; this is a regulation by Colonel Dimick to prevent 
 excesses ; there is some discretion allowed, and the wines 
 intended for the mess table are not interfered with ; being 
 considered discreet ! ! enough by the Colonel to take charge 
 of this important position, I am permitted to use my own 
 judgment in going beyond the daily allowance, and the 
 probability is I shall have a quarrel on my hands before 
 long with some thirsty people who cannot see why any dis- 
 tinction is made, when they buy and pay for their own 
 liquor. 
 
 Captain De Lagnel is quite sick to-day with the mumps, 
 a disease that is spreading among the prisoners. 
 
 Letters from home, pleasant and cheerful ; they expect 
 me soon. 
 
 December 5. Nothing of interest to-day ; weather plea- 
 sant and suitable for out-door exercise. Commodore Bar- 
 ron has given his bed in my little room to Captain De 
 Lagnel temporarily during his sickness, which keeps me 
 out of the apartment for fear of disturbing him. 
 
 December 6. Great commotion among the North Caro- 
 lina people to-day : two hundred and fifty of them are to 
 be sent home for exchange : Colonel Dimick has orders to 
 6 
 
106 
 
 select for that purpose, first the sick, and then the married ; 
 how far, in an exchange of prisoners, it is proper to pick 
 out those classes in return for souiid people I do not know ; 
 one of their officers informed me to-day that three hundred 
 of them were suddenly taken sick on receiving the news : 
 poor fellows ! I have no douht they are anxious to get home, 
 for they have had a hard time of it. 
 
 Four new prisoners came in to-day — Messrs. Myers, For- 
 rest, Debree and Grlassell, all Lieutenants in the Navy, 
 just returned from a three years' absence in the East Indies, 
 knowing nothing of the state of affairs here, and immedi- 
 ately sent to Fort Warren because they were Southerners, 
 and refused to fight their own people ; one of them. Lieuten- 
 ant Myers, had his wife and children awaiting his arrival 
 in New York, but was refused to see them; this appears to 
 me to be the most brutal of all the arrests : two of them, 
 Myers and Glassell, were quartered in my room. 
 
 After going to bed to-night. Captain De Lagnel, who 
 could not get to sleep, gave me an account of his defeat 
 and subsequent capture :* he was attached to a small army 
 in Western Virginia under General Garuett, in the regi- 
 ment commanded by Colonel Pegram ; which regiment was 
 detailed to cover the retreat of the main body ; with but 
 seven hundred men, they kept five regiments at bay for an 
 entire day, long enough to effect the safety of the larger 
 body, but were finally overpowered and captured ; De Lagnel 
 was badly wounded, a ball passing entirely through his 
 side ; he told me that when 'the rout commenced, fearing 
 he would be trampled to death by the advancing columns, 
 
 * The reader will doubtless remember the celebrated Napoleonic pro- 
 clamations of General McClellan after the battle of Rich Mountain — 
 "■Soldiers you have vanquished two armies.''^ The two armies, according 
 to Colonel Pegram's account, consisted of 2,200 men under General Gar- 
 land and 700 under Colonel Pegram ; they were hemmed in the mountains 
 and out of food — the latter were captured, the former escaped with a loss 
 of 30 men. 
 
 In the printed evidence now before me, taken before some military com- 
 mittee in Washington, it appears that General McClellan' s army (by his 
 own admission) amounted to 35,000 men. 
 
107 
 
 he crawled to the road side and hid in some bushes, still 
 where he could see what was going on ; the first body that 
 came up was an Indiana regiment, who paused only long 
 enough to run their bayonets through every luounded man on 
 the field tvho showed the least signs of life, and then passed 
 on ; when night came he managed to reach a house in the 
 neighborhood, occupied by a widow woman who had several 
 sons ; fortunately they were Southern in their feelings, and 
 took him in, keeping him concealed in the house for over a 
 month, notwithstanding the house was searched several 
 times, some suspicion having attached to the family ; 
 finally, having recovered sufficiently to be able to w^alk, 
 and fearful of compromising the family by remaining 
 longer with them, he determined to try and make his way 
 to the Eastern part of Virginia ; taking with him a small 
 wallet of provisions kindly furnished by the old lady, he 
 departed, but lost his way in the mountains, and after suf- 
 fering much hardship for want of food and shelter, was on 
 the sixth day captured by the picket guards of McClellan's 
 army ; on being questioned by his captors, he represented 
 himself to be a cattle driver, and had been in the moun- 
 tains searching for lost cattle : they were about releasing 
 him, when one of the soldiers, an Irishman, exclaimed, 
 ''Be Jasus, he's no cattle driver, look at them boots, 
 they did not cost less than ten dollars!" the soles were 
 gone, but the patent leather tops betrayed him, and 
 they took him into the camp. Fearing his personal safety, 
 until he could meet with some officer of rank, to whom 
 he could make himself known, he repeated the same 
 story to the Captain of the Guard, who immediately replied, 
 ''It is useless, sir, for you to tell that story, cattle drivers 
 do not speak the pure English that you do : who are you ?" 
 "Then I am Captain De Lagnel of the Confederate Army." 
 The officer replied, "I am glad to see you, and that you 
 have avowed yourself; first, because we have been search- 
 ing for you a long time, knowing you were concealed some- 
 where in the neighborhood ; and secondly, that you may 
 receive the treatment due to your position ;" he was taken 
 
108 
 
 the next day to General McClellan's head quarters, who 
 placed him under his parole, when entirely recovered from 
 his wound, to report himself to Colonel Burke, at Fort 
 LaFayette; he then went to Bedford Springs, and remained 
 until entirely well, when he repaired to Fort LaFayette and 
 surrendered himself, and after being kept there for several 
 weeks, was transferred to Fort Columbus, and finally to 
 Fort Warren; a few days ago he received the likeness of 
 his wife, and his Bible, which McClellan recovered from 
 the soldiers who rifled his trunk after the battle; he 
 appears to be a favorite of General McClellan, and especially 
 so of Colonel Dimick, who frequently calls in to see him, — 
 some negotiations are going on for his exchange with a 
 Captain Ricketts, now a prisoner in Richmond, and he 
 feels very anxious lest he may not get well before the 
 order for his release reaches here and so detain him. 
 
 I was much amused last evening at a conversation I 
 accidentally overheard, between some of the garrison 
 officers. I had gone to the front door to enjoy the fresh 
 air, the rooms being over heated; a group of officers were 
 standing a few feet from the door conversing on the subject 
 of exchanges. Negotiations were then going on for the 
 exchange of Colonel Pegram and Captain DeLagnel, for 
 officers of similar rank, then prisoners in Richmond. One 
 of the officers remarked, that it was a piece of d — d non- 
 sense in the United States Government to exchange such 
 men as Pegram and DeLagnel for anybody they had in 
 Richmond.* 
 
 December Y. Beautiful spring-like day ; wonderful cli- 
 mate this. Spent most of the day out of doors walking 
 and chatting with every body ; De Lagnel still sick, and 
 getting worse, which keeps me out of my room. No Bal- 
 timore papers received now for three days; can't account 
 
 *jANrARY, 1862. Perhaps he was right, for Pegram is now a Brigadier 
 General, and commanded the cavalry that so annoyed the rear of Rosen- 
 crans' army at the battle of Murfreesboro' , and DeLagnel has an important 
 command in North Carolina. 
 
109 
 
 for tliis, unless our masters have stopped them, thinking 
 we are learning too much of the world outside. 
 
 Mr. Grrady, one of the old police officers from Baltimore, 
 discharged to day, got up a subscription of twelve dollars 
 to send him home ; the Grovernment don't undertake to 
 send to their homes those who are discharged, and Grady 
 did not happen to have a cent in his pocket ; the most the 
 Grovernment will do is to take the discharged prisoner to 
 Boston and land him on the wharf. Spent the evening in 
 Mason and Slideir 8 room ; had another dish of Interna- 
 tional Law ; went to bed late. We are now allowed to 
 burn our lights until eleven, and the guards rarely inter- 
 fere if we burn them later ; my room mate very restless, 
 and imagines he will have a tedious illness. 
 
 December 8. — Sunday. Another spring-like day ; ser- 
 vice as usual by the Kev. Mr. North ; the Colonel and most 
 of the Garrison officers present ; my room mate still very 
 sick, which keeps me much out of my room as he requires 
 quiet ; read until eleven and went to bed. 
 
 December 9. Weather still more mild, resembling a 
 June day at home ; received all the missing papers to-day, 
 so our mail matter was not stopped as we feared. Mr. 
 Charles J. Faulkner left us to-day _, to go to Richmond and 
 return in thirty days, unless he can get himself exchanged 
 for Mr. Ely,* the Congressman who went to Bull Run to see 
 the fun, and was captured. f 
 
 Faulkner's arrest was one of the most outrageous ever 
 perpetrated. He was Minister to France, and when super- 
 
 *Mr. Ely, on his return home, published quite an interesting book on 
 his capture and prison life in Virginia. In it, he refers to the numerous 
 bogus letters which were published in the Northern Journals, purporting 
 to come from Federal prisoners in Richmond, detailing their sufferings 
 and horrible treatment, and has the candor to express his regret that the 
 Northern papers deemed it necessary to keep up the military ardor of their 
 people by the manufacture of such ridiculous and untruthful stories. 
 
 t January, 1862. Faulkner succeeded in making the exchange for Ely, 
 and after remaining in private life for a year, recently joined the army as 
 Adjutant General of the army under General Joseph E. Johnston. 
 
110 
 
 seded returned to the country. Went to Washington, 
 settled his accounts with the State Department, asked for 
 and received a safe-conduct to pass the lines and return to 
 his home in Virginia ; while in the act of starting he was 
 arrested and confined in the common jail in Washington ; 
 the remonstrance of some of his friends among the foreign 
 ministers caused his removal after a week's confinement in 
 jail to a better prison, where he was kept a month, and 
 then sent to Fort LaFayette. 
 
 He wrote to Seward, who had in person furnished him 
 with the safe-conduct, complaining of the outrage ; Seward 
 replied he had nothing to do with it, that Cameron had 
 him arrested ; on applying to Cameron to know the cause, 
 he replied that he had him arrested as a hostage for Mr. 
 Magraw who was sent to Virginia to look for the body of 
 Cameron's brother, who was killed at Manassas, and had 
 been captured by the Confederates and taken to Richmond. 
 
 Faulkner wrote to Richmond and obtained the release of 
 Magraw, expecting his own discharge immediately to fol- 
 low ; he was then informed that he was no longer a pris- 
 oner of Cameron but a prisoner of State, or rather of Sew- 
 ard, and would be held for State reasons ; but as the 
 Republican party are very anxious to get back Mr. Ely, 
 who is one of their big guns, the arrangement has been 
 made for Mr. Faulkner to go to Richmond. 
 
 This is the first instance, since the safe-conduct given to 
 John Huss, by the Emperor Sigismund, now nearly five 
 hundred years ago, that a safe-conduct, regarded as the 
 most sacred of all pledges, has ever been violated by any 
 civilized nation ; perhaps the excuse was, in principle, the 
 same in both cases ; in the loose theology of that day, the 
 emperor was advised by the clergy that he was not bound 
 to keep faith with heretics : and the Government doubtless 
 came to the conclusion that they were not bound to keep 
 faith with rebels. 
 
 Faulkner certainly expects to be successful in his mis- 
 sion, for he has distributed his stores and personal effects 
 amonsr his friends. 
 
Ill 
 
 The Colonel gave permission to the prisoners to-day to 
 use the parade ground to play foot ball, and for some hours 
 it was a pleasant and exciting scene ; they went at it like 
 boys, in fact I kicked the ball a few times myself — after 
 we had finished, the Hatteras privates took their turn at it. 
 Received letters from home ; wife very much distressed at 
 my continued absence ; De Lagnel still very sick, and my 
 next neighbor in the adjoining room very ill : could hear 
 his groans all night ; spent the evening in making up my 
 mess accounts and writing home ; at supper, in Mason and 
 Slidell's room, had a nice dish of Maryland terrapins. 
 Durrett, of Kentucky, left us to-day, took the oath, and 
 was consequently well searched. 
 
 December 10. Heavy fog this morning, which cleared 
 away by ten o'clock, giving us another beautiful day, which 
 the North Carolina people availed of for another game of 
 foot-ball. 
 
 At twelve, the boat from Boston brought down Major 
 General B. F. Butler and his staif on a visit of inspection 
 to the Fort : first time I have seen the General since the 
 memorable day he dined at the Gilmor House in Baltimore, 
 and subsequently found so much difficulty in mounting his 
 horse : looked as natural as he did then, except that the 
 cigar, at an angle of forty-five degrees, was not in his 
 mouth, and his locomotion was steadier ; made a show of 
 generosity by bringing to Major Andrews his letter-book 
 and papers that were taken from him at his capture at Fort 
 Hatteras. 
 
 When Mayor Brown went to Boston last week, he very 
 naturally stopped at the house of his brother-in-law, re- 
 siding in that city. The Boston papers of this morning 
 contain a number of scurrilous articles abusing his brother- 
 in-law for "harboring a traitor!''* It is really painful 
 
 * Mayor Brown — A Remarkable Admission by Mr. Seward. — A most 
 vulgar and shameful attack is made in the Evening Transcrijit of yester- 
 day, upon one of our most estimable and inoffensive citizens. It comes 
 onder the head of "sneaks and cowards." It seems that Mayor Brown, 
 
112 
 
 to read the Boston newspapers, tlie press of the ''Athens of 
 America," and see the diligence with which they labor to 
 stir up the basest passions of the multitude into a hatred 
 of every thing South or Southern, stopping at no lie, how- 
 ever glaring, that will answer their purpose with the 
 ignorant; their venom appears particularly directed to- 
 wards us ; scarcely a day passes but they have some bogus 
 letter or information from Fort Warren, with which to 
 regale and delight their readers. We are styled ''The 
 Kebels at Fort Warren ;" "The Traitors at Fort Warren ;'' 
 "The Miserable Wretches at Fort Warren;" "The 
 Deluded Wretches at Fort Warren;" "The Wretched 
 Creatures at Fort Warren ;" " The Political Scoundrels at 
 Fort Warren," and worse than all, the most disparaging 
 accounts are given of our personal appearance. We were 
 under the impression that, on the whole, we were tolerably 
 good looking, and well dressed, but they represent us as 
 having villianous countenances, unshaven, dirty, and rag- 
 ged ; of weak, puny frames and small statue, in striking 
 contrast with the stalwart sons of the North, and about an 
 
 of Baltimore, is out of Fort Warren on parole, not to leave the State. 
 Naturally enough, he repairs to the house of the citizen aforesaid, that 
 house being the dwelling of his own sister, who is the wife of the citizen 
 in question. This is called by the Transcript "harboring a traitor." Of 
 course, on this theory, the Government are "sneaks and traitors," for let- 
 ting Mayor Brown be at large. 
 
 The gentleman who has thus, according to the Transcript, been guilty 
 of "hai'boring a traitor," is a physician highly respected in his profession, 
 and so well known for charitable deeds, that one can hardly conceive of 
 the malignant spirit which could prompt such an attack upon him. It can 
 only be characterized as the basest sort of prying into the privacy of 
 domestic life, and a gross assault upon all the sympathies and affections of 
 human nature. 
 
 We have heard by the way, that a deputation of respectable and loyal 
 Baltimore people waited on the Secretary, in regard to Mayor Brown, to 
 learn why he was confined. It was asked — "Has Mr. Brown been guilty 
 of any treason?" The answer was "None, that I know of." "Do you 
 suspect him of disloyalty ?" "I have no reason to do so." "Then, pray, 
 why do you imprison him ?" "Because he happens to be an obstacle in 
 our way." We give the statement as we heard it; and his release on 
 parole, to remain in Massachusetts, seems to confirm the story. — Boston 
 Courier, Dec. 10. 
 
113 
 
 average sj^ecimen of Southern physical imbecility, and 
 with the exception of a few desperate characters, exceed- 
 ingly penitent, and imploring the Government for pardon 
 and forgiveness for having wickedly rebelled against the 
 best government on earth ; all of which is doubtless duly 
 believed by nine-tenths of the people of New England.* 
 
 Quite an entertaining newspaper political fight is now 
 going on in Boston; the municipal election is at hand, 
 and the present Mayor desires a re-election. On the 
 arrival of the prisoners at Fort Warren, when the fact 
 was made known in Boston that a large number were sick, 
 and there was no hospital arrangement at the Fort, no 
 beds for the sick, and no medicines, the Mayo^r took the 
 responsibility, aided by some charitable people there, of 
 furnishing the hospital ; the paj)ers opposed to his re-elec- 
 tion are now fiercely denouncing him as a " sympathizer 
 with the rebels," and his friends are defending him, some 
 on the ground of humanity, and some, that what he did 
 was so little as not to justify his condemnation ; as I have 
 no interest in the quarrel, I don't care what the result is; 
 I merely mention it as a specimen of Bostonianism. 
 
 December 11. Kain all day, preventing out door exercise ; 
 occupied the morning in collecting the mess dues for the 
 week, in reading and jilaying single handed euchre with 
 Governor Morehead, and back-gammon with Colonel Pe 
 gram ; in- the evening played a few games of whist with 
 Mason, Slidell and Gatchell ; found they were too scientific 
 for me, and as they were not disposed to be at all compli- 
 mentary in their comments on my skill as a player, gave 
 
 * Scarcely a day passed that the mail did not bring numbers of anony- 
 mous letters to Colonel Dimick, denouncing him as a traitor for his 
 humane treatment of the prisoners in his charge, and threatening him 
 with all sorts of vengeance. The Colonel quietly put them into the fire 
 as fast as opened ; as time wore on, a change took place, and the Boston 
 people gradually learned to speak of the Colonel, and even of the prison- 
 ers, with some respect ; while the fever was at its height. Gov. Andrews 
 felt impelled to announce publicly in Boston ^^that he regarded Benedict 
 Arnold a saint when compared loith the Fort Warren rebels. ' ' 
 
114 
 
 my place to Eustis, wliile I took a game at back-gammon 
 with McFarland. Slidell suggested that I was better 
 skilled in brewing punch than playing whist, took the hint 
 and prepared it, while McFarland got out some bread and 
 butter, and a couple of jars of Pate defois gras. 
 
 My temporary room mate recovering from his mumps, 
 much to my gratification ; in the first place, a sick man in 
 a room ten by twelve, is not a desirable companion, 
 however agreeable in other respects, and in the second 
 place, mumps are said to be catching ! 
 
 December 12. Another beautiful day, intensely cold in 
 the morning, but moderating towards noon, the ball 
 players eifjoyed it very much ; another prisoner released 
 to-day, Sommers, of Baltimore. One of my room mates, 
 George Appleton, put in the guard house for impudence 
 to one of the garrison officers ; after remaining there a 
 few hours, at the instance of Commodore Barron and 
 Colonel Pegram, the Colonel released him, but ordered 
 him to remain a close prisoner in his own room. We all 
 tell George he has done wrong, and advise him to go to 
 the officer and make an apology, but boy like, he is stub- 
 born, and refuses ; two or three days will bring him to his 
 senses. I cannot conceive why the Government keeps him 
 here, a mere child, utterly incapable of doing them any 
 harm. 
 
 December 13. Very dull day, spent most of it in the 
 unprofitable labor of endeavoring to unravel some Chinese 
 puzzles, brought home by the naval officers from the East 
 Indies, and in looking over several hundred stereoscopic 
 views from China and Japan, some of them different from 
 any I had ever seen, the same picture representing, 
 according to the light thrown on them, scenes by day and 
 by night ; these gentlemen have brought with them a 
 large quantity of Chinese and Japanese articles, the 
 examination of which serves to while away the time. 
 
 Spent the evening in my room, reading, writing and 
 
115 
 
 chatting with De Lagnel, who is much better, and such 
 visitors as dropped in. 
 
 December 14. Took a walk this morning round the 
 ramparts in company with twelve or fifteen of the political 
 prisoners, by special invitation from two of the officers of 
 the Garrison, who went with us. 
 
 The scene was a beautiful one, Boston in the distance, 
 the harbor studded with small islands, and the ocean in 
 front ; the day clear and bracing ; perhaps it looked more 
 pleasing from the fact that for forty-five days I have seen 
 nothing but the parade ground, the stone walls that enclose 
 it, and the sky above. 
 
 Keceived very pleasant letters from home, also from 
 Ward and Matilda, the latter enclosing some of her patri- 
 otic poetry, and the former giving a very gloomy picture 
 of affairs in Baltimore. W. thinks that apart from my 
 absence from my family and my accustomed ways, I am 
 losing nothing by being here. Wrote to E. declining to 
 accept any release encumbered with conditions, which I 
 suppose will keep me here ; spent the evening as usual in 
 reading, writing and visiting ; ate a few oysters in No. 7 
 and some boned turkey and champaigne in No. 11, and 
 dropped in at Mason and Slidell's to finish off with a good 
 Habana. 
 
 Captain De Lagnel left us to-day, having been exchanged 
 for a Captain Ricketts ; the news of his exchange almost 
 made a well man of him ; hope I shall meet him again ; he 
 is one of the finest specimens of humanity I have ever met 
 with. 
 
 December 15. Another beautiful day, cold but clear, and 
 bracing ; church service as usual by Mr. North ; spent the 
 afternoon in reading the English papers and their com- 
 ments on the capture of Mason and Slidell : looks very 
 warlike. Spent the evening in getting up my correspond- 
 ence which was falling behind. 
 
116 
 
 December 16. Cold and stormy, so mucli so, that the 
 boat could not land at the wharf to-day, and had to go 
 back with our letters, papers, and to-morrow's breakfast 
 and dinner ; the occasional missing of the mail and our 
 bundles of newspapers, is regarded as a calamity, the lat- 
 ter gives us employment from twelve until two, and we 
 look for it as regularly and with more impatience than we 
 do for our dinner ; after reading the papers, their contents 
 afford us subjects for discussion and conversation the balance 
 of the day ; for want of other matters to discourse on, the 
 subject of International Law was resumed, much to my 
 annoyance. The two hundred and fifty Hatteras prisoners 
 who have been exchanged, were to have left to-day, but 
 the storm prevented it. 
 
 December 17. Storm passed away, and at twelve o'clock 
 the Hatteras prisoners embarked for their homes : one of 
 my room mates, Colonel Bradford, a very estimable gentle- 
 man, going with them; as they were passing out of the 
 sally-port, one of them stepped out of the ranks and told 
 Colonel Dimick that should they ever take him prisoner, 
 they would take good care of him. 
 
 The Colonel very kindly took all the remaining North 
 Carolina privates on the ramparts to witness the departure : 
 he is a good old man ; lost two of our room mates, whose 
 places were immediately filled with three others, making 
 our quarters more crowded than ever. 
 
 The news from England lias created great commotion 
 among the prisoners : from present appearances we shall 
 have war with England, for I cannot see how Mr. Seward 
 can possibly back down, query? How will it affect the 
 chances of our release? badly I fear. Mr. Mason insists, 
 that the Government at Washington, notwithstanding the 
 approval of the Secretary of the Navy and the President, 
 and the vote of thanks by Congress to Captain Wilkes, 
 will surrender them and make any apology England may 
 require. Spent the evening in my bed room, reading the 
 papers to Commodore Barron, who is sick, and in supping 
 round, oysters, terrapins, hot whiskey punch, &c., &c. 
 
m 
 
 December 18. Charles H. Pitts left this morning on a 
 parole of thirty days to visit his family ; the general 
 impression is, that he will not return, and for his own 
 comfort, I hope it may prove so. I can see no ohject in 
 sending him hack, hut then, at the same time, I can see 
 no ohject in keeping any of us here, so that amounts to 
 nothing ; passed the day as usual. 
 
 December 19. Another warm and pleasant day, of 
 which the ball-players took advantage ; one discharge 
 to-day, Mr. Cenas, of the Navy, who goes home to he 
 exchanged ; passed most of the day in the open air ; find 
 the nights are getting long and tedious, dark at half-past 
 four, and to bed at eleven ; six and a half hours to get 
 through with every evening, a fine opportunity to read, if 
 I could settle my mind to it, but the annoyance of being 
 here, my unprotected family at home, and the uncertainty 
 of the future, prevents anything like continued reading or 
 study. When I think of the outrageous manner in which 
 I have been treated, dragged from my home at midnight, 
 without a moment's warning or preparation ; transported 
 from Fort to Fort like a felon ; of my business aifairs 
 thrown into confusion, if not ruin ; of my wife and six 
 daughters at home without a protector, I lay down the 
 book and do a deal of inward swearing. Mr. Slidell 
 advised me the other day to do it outwardly, expressing 
 the belief that it would relieve me, as a flow of tears some- 
 times is a relief to dry eyes when in distress. 
 
 December 20. Mr. Kessler, of Frederick County, late 
 member of the Maryland Legislature, left us to day ; he has 
 been ready for several weeks to take the oath, but somehow 
 they had not faith in him. Col. Kane returned to-day from 
 his three weeks' leave of absence, reports everything very 
 dull and gloomy in Baltimore, saw my family and says they 
 are all well. Durant, member of the Legislature from St. 
 Mary's, offered the oath but declined it. 
 
118 
 
 December 21. Usual routine of exercise, reading and 
 visiting the neighbors ; spent an hour in Grovernor Morehead's 
 room playing cards, and another in Wallis' room listening 
 to his reading, and Gatchell's humorous wit ; the latter is 
 the life of the room, and never loses his humor or his temper. 
 
 Played back-gammon in the evening with some of the 
 naval officers and listened to another discourse from Mason 
 on International Law ; made the whiskey punch earlier 
 than usual with a view of changing the subject, but that 
 only brightened his ideas, and he went on. 
 
 December 22. Mr. North preached his last sermon to- 
 day, he has been exchanged and leaves for his home in Vir- 
 ginia to-morrow. Mr. Brewer, clerk of the Maryland Sen- 
 ate left to-day to visit his family on a parole of thirty days; 
 extra good dinner to-day, to which Captain Berry, one of 
 the jDrisoners, added a basket of Champagne. 
 
 December 23. Rain, hail, snow and slush, with a gale 
 of wind from all points of the compass, converting the 
 parade ground into a huge mud puddle which I had to cross 
 twice during the morning. Mr. North left us to-day, hav- 
 ing been exchanged for some regimental parson captured at 
 Bull Run, we fitted him out with a good suit of clothing, 
 and gave him thirty dollars out of the mess fund to take 
 him home, a small return for his services in the Chapel ; we 
 are now without a minister.* 
 
 The approach of Christmas is bringing to us the kind re- 
 membrances of friends from all parts of the country, and 
 the indications to-day are that we shall have provisions 
 enough to feed the whole of the remaining five hundred 
 prisoners during Christmas week. Six large boxes came 
 by the Boat to-day, from Washington County, Md., con- 
 signed to Dr. McGill and Mr. Alvey,t of Hagerstown, with 
 
 *Mr. North returned to his home at Charlestown, Ya. , only to be driven 
 from it in a few weeks by the advance of the Federal army. 
 
 fMr. Alvey was released in February on his parole, and returned to 
 his home in Hagerstown, but in April was compelled by the mob to leave, 
 and took refuge in Canada. 
 
119 
 
 a list of the contributors, one hundred and thirty in num- 
 ber, turkeys, hams, rounds of beef, venison, tongues, in 
 fact, everything to eat or to drink that could be thought of 
 by that number of people. 
 
 The town of ''Freedom," in Maine, sends two large 
 boxes filled with turkeys, lobsters, salmon, the sweet corn 
 of that country and some very fine wines and old brandy ; 
 we had among us for some time, two gentlemen from that 
 town, who lost their "freedom" for exercising freedom of 
 speech; they attempted to make speeches at a "Peace" 
 meeting, but the meeting was broken up, and that night 
 they were taken out of their beds and sent to Fort LaFayette, 
 where, and at Fort Warren, they had the opportunities, for 
 four months, of doing penance for the sin of preferring Peace 
 to War. Too stormy to take exercise and had to pass the 
 day within doors, listening to the usual discussions on 
 Mason and Slidell and the chances of a war with England ; 
 Mason still persists there will be no war, and that the Gov- 
 ernment will back out from every position they have taken, 
 others think they liave bullied and blustered so much, that 
 they cannot back out without making themselves ridiculous 
 in the eyes of the whole world ; for the last ten days a 
 large force has been engaged in mounting the barbette guns 
 of the Fort, and putting it generally in a state of defence. 
 
 A nice mess of oysters cooked by Marshal Kane, with 
 some Scotch whiskey-punch, closes the day, or rather the 
 night, and to bed at eleven. 
 
 December 24. Mr. John W. Davis, Police Commissioner 
 of Baltimore, left us to day on a parole for thirty days ; 
 this system is getting quite fashionable ; nothing of interest 
 to-day, except the preparations for Christmas, boxes con- 
 tinue to arrive from all quarters, with good things for the 
 holidays ; mutton and hams from the Eastern shore, can- 
 vas-backs, terrapins and oysters from Baltimore, turkeys 
 and geese from everywhere, pound cakes and fruit cakes 
 without end ; we shall give the North Carolina privates, and 
 the moneyless politicals of number forty-five, such a week's 
 
120 
 
 feasting as will make them '^ return to their muttons" of 
 salt pork and beans with perfect disgust. 
 
 This being Christmas-eve, the Colonel kindly sent us 
 word that we could burn the lights as long as we desired. 
 
 December 25. Christmas day; spent it pretty much as I 
 would have done at home, only on a smaller scale, visited 
 all the rooms, taking a glass of egg-nog here and of apple 
 toddy there, had the best dinner of the season, but no one 
 appeared disposed to eat it, the egg-nog having supplanted 
 the dinner; continued my visits under special permit from 
 the Colonel, until eleven, and am sorry to record, went to 
 bed forgetting to wind up my watch. 
 
 We had a rich scene this evening in the underground 
 apartments the other side of the sally-port, in the trial and 
 execution of Wm. H.Seward for treason, in having abolished 
 the Constitution and the Laws and usurped the Government; 
 about fifty of the prisoners were present ard participated in 
 it ; a stuffed figure had been made, representing the culprit, 
 who was seated in the criminal box ; a judge was selected,* 
 twelve jurymen drawn, the prisoner was assigned counsel, 
 the prosecuting attorney opened the case, and the exami- 
 nation of witnesses went on in due form ; speeches were 
 made by counsel on both sides, and the case given to the 
 jury, who after some deliberation (I fear they were biassed) 
 found theprisoner at the bar guilty; the judge, after making 
 the usual preliminary speech on the enormity of his crimes 
 and the justness of his condemnation, pronounced the sen- 
 tence and he was immediately executed. One of the garrison 
 officers was present, and between the trial and a bucket of 
 egg-nog on the table in the corner of the room where he 
 
 *Death of Austin E. Smith. — Major Austin E. Smith, son of Ex-Gov. 
 Smith, of Virginia, and formerly Navy Agent at San Francisco, was se- 
 verely wounded in the battle before Richmond on the 27th ult., in the 
 shoulder. On the 29th his arm was amputated, but he survived the ope- 
 ration but a few hours. It will be recollected that Major Smith, on his 
 return from California, was arrested on the Isthmus, and for some months 
 was confined in Fort Warren, Boston Harbor. — Richmond Enquirer. 
 
121 
 
 stood, seemed to enjoy it very much. I fear that on awaken- 
 ing next morning, he found his recollection of the doings 
 of the previous night very much impaired. 
 
 December 26. Awoke with severe head-ache, the penalty 
 of yesterday's indulgence, and spent most of the day in 
 bed, received letters from home, informing me that Grene- 
 ral Dix had written to Washington to procure a parole for 
 thirty days for me, wrote back declining to accept it. 
 
 December 27. Very cold and stormy, out door exercise 
 impossible, still unwell and suffering from bad cold, Mr. 
 Salmon, member of the Legislature from Frederick County 
 discharged to-day, took the oath, and Mr. Oaksmith, charged 
 with fitting out slavers, but suspected of fitting out priva- 
 teers, removed to New York for trial.* 
 
 December 28. Intense cold with strong gale of wind, so 
 much so that the boat from Boston conld not make the 
 landing and had to return, consequently no letters or 
 papers. 
 
 Without the papers and with weather too inclement to 
 take exercise, the days are very long ; there are not enough 
 card players in the room to make up a party, and back- 
 gammon has become tiresome. About ten, the officer who 
 was present at the trial of Seward, came in and helped me 
 
 * Oaksmith was the only prisoner ever sent to any of the Forts on a 
 specific charge of an offence not political; partly because we did not de- 
 sire the company of a slave trader, and partly because we suspected him 
 of being a spy, (he having been at the last election in New York a prom- 
 inent and active member of the Black Republican party, ) although either 
 would have been sufficient, we declined to admit him into our mess. 
 
 He was a man of fine personal appearance, intelligent and polished in 
 his manners, and took our refusal very hard, in a few days he took a seat 
 at the mess-table uninvited, and no notice was taken of it. 
 
 He was removed to the jail in New York city, and during the Spring, 
 tried and convicted for being engaged in the slave trade, and sent to the 
 Penitentiary for five years, from which he soon made his escape, and 
 finally turned up in Havana. 
 
122 
 
 to drink a bottle of whiskey, that is, he drank seven-eighths, 
 and I the other eighth. 
 
 December 29. Very cold, thermometer some distance be- 
 low zero — our chaplain having left us, we did not expect a 
 sermon, but on going to the chapel this morning, whom 
 should I find reading the service, but the officer who drank 
 my whiskey last night ; he had a full clear voice and read 
 it better than nine-tenths of the clergymen I have heard ; 
 after service Colonel Dimick informed me that he had re- 
 ceived orders from Washington to permit me to go home 
 for thirty days, told him I would decide in a day or two 
 what I would do, spent the evening in writing and reading 
 in my little room. 
 
 December 30. Cold and raw ; spent most of the day in my 
 room, preparing to leave, having determined to accept the 
 proffered parole after much consideration over it. My affairs 
 at home are getting into a confused state, and my wife fret- 
 ting very much at my absence, and now sick in bed. — 
 Most of my friends approve of my going. Some object to it, 
 thinking that in so doing I recognize the right of the Gov- 
 ernment to keep me a prisoner. I do not think so, as I en- 
 ter into no obligation except to return in thirty days. Ma- 
 son and Slidell are also preparing to leave^ having received 
 official notice of their intended surrender. 
 
 December 31. Another cold and raw day, preventing 
 out-door exercise — spent most of the day in my bed-room 
 reading and writing ; got up a game of cards in the evening, 
 the first in our roo7n since I have been here. Col. Dimick 
 sent word in the evening, that as it was New Year's Eve, 
 we could burn the lights at pleasure. Determined to show 
 our appreciation of his kindness by brewing a second pitcher 
 of Punch, and finally a third one, and as the Commodore 
 did not drink Whiskey Punch, but was partial to Eum- 
 Milk Punchy I sent to the mess room for a gallon can of 
 cream that was left over from our Christmas keeping, and 
 
123 
 
 with the aid of a bottle of very old rum, presented me by 
 Mr. Harrison, very soon concocted a beverage, that if not 
 fit for the gods, was certainly appreciated by the Commo- 
 dore, colonels, and prisoners of State ; it was the most 
 delicious thing I ever tasted, rich cream, rum forty years 
 old, a little sugar and nutmeg, with a few drops of orange 
 juice ; I give tlie receipt for the benefit of posterity. 
 
 We had numerous visitors during the evening, and about 
 mid-night, Lieutenant Moore, of North Carolina, who occu- 
 pied the room immediately under us, made a call, (the 
 smell of good things will sometimes descend as well as 
 ascend,) the ostensible object of his visit was to give Mr. 
 Mason a copy of some very clever verses, set to the tune of 
 " Dixie," his own composition, which Mr. Mason had heard 
 him sing a night or two previous, (Moore has a fine voice) 
 and of which Mason had specially requested a copy. Mr. 
 Mason took the song, and putting on his specs, carefully 
 read aloud each verse, commenting as he went along, and 
 pronounced the whole a capital good thing ; folding it up and 
 putting it in the side pocket of his coat, he went on to say, 
 that he intended on his arrival in London, to have it set to 
 music and sung in the theatres, printed and distributed 
 among the ballad singers on the streets, played by the 
 organ grinders, in fact he intended to make an ""institution ' ' 
 of it ; after singing a song or two, Mr. Moore retired and 
 we went to bed. 
 
 January 1. After breakfast this morning, while Mason 
 and Slidell were in our room, their own being cleaned up, 
 a tap at the door, and Lieutenant Moore came in. "I am 
 glad to see you Mr. Moore," said Mason, ''I do not know at 
 what moment we may leave here, and I want yon to give 
 me a copy of the song I asked you for a few days since;" 
 "why Mr. Mason," said Moore, "I gave it to you last 
 night ;" " you did nothing of the kind," said Mason ; " I 
 did;" replied Moore, "and Mr. S., who was present, will 
 doubtless remember it." "Mr. Mason," said S., "Mr. 
 Moore came in last night about twelve, and handed you the 
 
124 
 
 song ; you read it carefully, with running comments, and 
 stated what you purposed doing with it when you reached 
 London;" "I did nothing of the sort," replied Mason, 
 ''and I really think, Mr. S., you are carrying the joke too 
 far ;" "I have no disposition, Mr. Mason," replied S., "to 
 carry a joke an unnecessary distance, hut I have now a 
 distinct recollection that after reading it, you folded it up 
 and put it in the side pocket of the coat you now have on." 
 Instantly he ran his hand into the pocket, and lo ! it was 
 there ; looking alternately at the paper, Mr. Moore and 
 S., he turned to S. and quietly remarked, " I'll he d — d if 
 I drink any more punch of your hrewing ;" nor did he, for 
 in a few minutes after, an agent of Mr. Seward's, a Mr. 
 Webster, came in and informed him and Mr. Slidell that 
 a boat was at the wharf, waiting for them, and they must 
 depart instantly. 
 
 Slidell replied he was not ready, and would require two 
 or three hours to pack up ; Webster insisted that the boat 
 was waiting and they must go within thirty minutes ; 
 Slidell, who was not particularly amiable at being thrust 
 out of the Fort in this unceremonious manner, and withal 
 had been sick for several days, replied in language more 
 forcible than chaste that he would not go until he was 
 ready, nor did he, for it was nearly twelve o'clock when 
 they departed. Colonel Dimick particularly requested 
 that no demonstration should be made on their departure, 
 and that none of the gentlemen should go on the ramparts 
 to see them off; their immediate friends took leave of them 
 in their room, and the prisoners generally ranged them- 
 selves on each side of the sally-port and uncovered as they 
 passed out. I understood during the day from one of the 
 officers that they were taken away in one of the small har- 
 bor tug boats, and as the boat went straight out to sea it 
 must be to put them on board of some British ship in the 
 offing ; as there was a strong gale of wind, with a heavy 
 sea running, they must have had an uncomfortable time.* 
 
 * We learned a day or two after that they were put on board an English 
 steamer forty miles from the Fort, about two hours before the gale com- 
 
125 
 
 Occupied the balance of the morning in collecting the 
 mess dues for the week, and preparing the accounts to 
 hand over to my successor, Mr. Green, of Savannah, who 
 has agreed to undertake that troublesome task. Our 
 '' sanctum," as Commodore Barron terms it, I have handed 
 over, with all my bedding and furniture, to Mr. Green, 
 after consulting with the Commodore, who accepts him as 
 a room mate, with the proviso, however, that should I 
 return, he will vacate it. 
 
 In the afternoon, by special permit, took a walk round 
 the ramparts for the second and last time. Spent the 
 evening packing up and preparing to leave. 
 
 In leaving this Fort, it is, perhaps, proper to say, that 
 we have experienced none of the brutal treatment which 
 characterised the officers and soldiers at Fort LaFayette ; 
 while we were thrown entirely on our own resources and 
 subjected to strict discipline, there was no harshness or 
 rudeness exhibited towards us ; in no instance did I receive 
 an unkind word from any officer or soldier. I was com- 
 pelled, from my mess duties, to come more in contact with 
 the soldiers than any other prisoner, and uniformly found 
 them civil ; I suppose I asked over a hundred what induced 
 them to enlist in the army ; the answer invariably was, I 
 am a mechanic, with a family and without employment, 
 and was driven to it by necessity ; very few of them were 
 foreigners, and although they probably will fight if driven 
 to it, they have no heart in the contest, — they enlisted to 
 live and not to die. 
 
 January 2. Up early, and occupied the morning in 
 packing up and taking leave of my companions. Terrible 
 
 menced. The steamer was bound for Halifax, and as nothing was heard 
 of them for two weeks, great apprehensions was entertained for their 
 safety. We subsequently learned that the vessel after battling with the 
 storm for several days, with many of her crew frost-bitten, gave up the 
 attempt to reach Halifax and bore away for Bermuda. 
 
 Mr. Mason's jiredictions were all realized with wonderful accuracy, 
 with the single exception of the date of his arrival in London, he did not 
 reach there until the 28th January, owing entirely to the storm, and con- 
 sequent change of route by the West Indies. 
 
126 
 
 storm last nighty seven vessels wrecked on or about the 
 island, mncli apprehension about the safety of Mason and 
 Slidell, unless they reached some larger vessel before night ; 
 the small tug could not possibly have lived in such a storm. 
 Their mode of surrender was discreditable to Lord Lyons 
 for permitting it, aud disgraceful to the American Grovern- 
 ment in the extreme, — it was like the spiteful and unwill- 
 ing act of a whipped child. 
 
 Left the Fort at one o'clock in company with Lieutenant 
 Buell, the officer who has had special charge of the politi- 
 cal prisoners, and who was visiting Boston for a day or 
 two's holiday ; got on board the steam tug with much 
 difficulty and some danger : the storm was still so severe 
 that the boat could not make fast to the wharf, and our 
 only chance of getting on board was to stand on the wharf, 
 which was covered with ice, holding on to a post, as the 
 boat would run past and spring on board as she rose on the 
 water, to our level, while my baggage was "pitched" on 
 the deck, and a fine rocking chair, which I was desirous of 
 taking home, came on board minus the legs and rockers, — 
 had I had any idea of the difficulty, I would certainly 
 have remained another day. 
 
 Reached Boston at three o'clock, and went to the Tre- 
 mont House to dinner. I happen to be about the same 
 size and the same general outline as Marshal Kane ; our 
 features are dissimilar, but both had, at the time, our faces 
 covered with beard, — a few minutes after I was seated at 
 the table, I noticed that I was the observed of all observers, 
 and soon it was whispered all over the dining room that 
 the veritable Marshal Kane, the celebrated rebel and bridge- 
 burner of Baltimore, was present ; it did not however dis- 
 concert me, or in the least interfere with my appetite : and 
 having finished my dinner, I walked through the room 
 with as much of dignity as I could possibly assume, every 
 eye being turned on me to take one long look at so noto- 
 rious a character. 
 
 After calling on Dr. Coale, who has been so kind to us, 
 and settling my mess account with him, and visiting 
 
127 
 
 Faneuil Hall market to pay some bills due for marketing ; 
 (quite a crowd gathered round me in the market when it 
 became known that I was one of the "Fort Warren rebels,"') 
 I left Boston at 5.30 for New York, via Fall river. 
 
 At the supper table on board the boat, the negro waiter 
 who attended to me, was unusually polite and attentive to 
 my wants : before rising from the table he whispered in 
 my ear, that he hoped Marshal Kane was well ; I thanked 
 him, and assured him he was in excellent health. 
 
 January 3. Did not reach New York until eleven 
 o'clock, in consequence of the storm of last night ; too 
 late to connect with the train for Baltimore and was 
 compelled to remain until six o'clock; as I passed over 
 the gangway of the boat, I could hear numerous voices 
 behind me, "that's Marshal Kane," "that's him," there 
 he goes," my negro friend had evidently spread the 
 news; — after telegraphing home that they might expect 
 me in the morning at five o'clock, I called on Mr. McMas- 
 ters, editor of the Freeman's Journal, and Mr. Sullivan, 
 the counsel for the privateersmen, who were my comj^anions 
 at Fort LaFayette, and spent two or three hours going 
 round with them ; was surprised at the freedom of speech 
 every where we went, perhaps our visits were confined to 
 one class of people ; at three dined with Cranston at the 
 New York hotel, who sent us so many good things at Fort 
 LaFayette and Fort Warren ; after leaving the hotel, 
 found myself dogged by a couple of villainous looking 
 detectives, faces half bully and half sneak ; go where I 
 would, those fellows were behind me; in the cofiee room at 
 the depot, in the ticket office, while getting my baggage 
 checked, there they were — finally in the cabin of the ferry- 
 boat, finding I could not get rid of them, and their 
 action was attracting notice towards me, I went deliber- 
 ately up to them and stared them out of the cabin. 
 
 Came through without stopping, reached home at five 
 o'clock and found my wife and daughters up, and awaiting 
 my arrival, and a nice warm breakfast ready, which, sur- 
 
128 
 
 rounded by my family, was the sweetest meal I had eaten 
 for months. 
 
 It only remains to say, that on the expiration of my 
 parole, through the action of some of my friends, I was not 
 required to return to the Fort ; no conditions were exacted 
 from me, for I would accept of none, no cause given for 
 my arrest and none for my release. In short, I suppose, 
 not being considered a ''dangerous" man, I was simply 
 turned loose. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 goxt §ug^ptU. 
 
 Our removal from Fort LaFayette on the 30th of October, 1861, 
 entirely cleared that place of prisoners, only, however, to be refilled 
 to a much greater extent, and in a few weeks crowded far beyond 
 what we supposed its utmost capacity. 
 
 From many gentlemen who were confined there through the follow- 
 ing winter, and the spring, and summer of 1862, I have had state- 
 ments of their condition and treatment, showing that our treatment 
 there, brutal as it was, was humanity compared to the treatment of 
 those who followed us. 
 
 In the Battery Room where I was located with thirty-seven others, 
 and which was then so crowded that our beds touched, or at most a 
 few inches between them, sixty-five were packed during the winter 
 and spring, the other Battery Rooms packed in the same proportion; 
 the small casemate rooms, which we esteemed over crowded with 
 eight occupants, were made to hold as high as eighteen, bedsteads had 
 to be dispensed with, and the floors covered with mattresses, so that 
 the inmates could sleep in common, something like the between decks 
 of a slave ship; about eighty of the prisoners, sailors and privateers- 
 men, were kept all the time in irons, their legs chained together. 
 
 Up to the month of May they were kept close prisoners in their 
 rooms, not permitted to leave them, except under guard, to visit the 
 rear; after sun-set they were not permitted to leave their rooms 
 under any circumstances whatever. The rations were inferior in 
 quality and quantity, so much so, that among the poorer class of 
 prisoners, complaints of hunger were daily and hourly made ; Mrs. 
 Grelston continued an angel of mercy to the prisoners, daily sending 
 them food, until it became ofiensive to the commander and it was 
 prohibited, first, except in cases of sickness, but soon after totally; 
 
130 
 
 on entering and leaving tte Fort they were stripped and searched, 
 their money, watches and pocket knives taken from them; during the 
 winter they suffered much from the very limited supply of fuel. 
 
 But all this was humanity compared to the treatment of a few 
 prisoners who were specially obnoxious to the Government; Colonel 
 Zarvona, Dr. Edson B. Olds, of Ohio, Pierre Soule and Mr. Messereaux, 
 of Louisiana, who were confined in separate rooms, or dungeons they 
 might be called, although above ground. The first three or four 
 weeks of Dr. Old's imprisonment was in solitary confinement, not 
 permitted for any purpose to leave his cell, utterly denied the use of 
 pens and paper, of newspapers or books of any description, even to 
 the refusal of a Bible when he applied for it : not permitted to have 
 light in his cell : the greater portion of the time he was ill with the 
 Bloody Flux, and was even refused waste paper. I am aware these 
 details are disgusting, still they form a part of the history of the 
 times. Some of the prisoners noticing that the food which was taken 
 into Dr. Old's cell, came out untouched, supposed the inmate (they 
 did not know who) was sick and unable to eat the army rations, and 
 requested permission of Lieutenant Wood to send the sick man some 
 other food, which was refused. 
 
 The treatment of Zarvona is probably the same, none of the prison- 
 ers ever saw him, and he still remains there. Soule and Messereaux 
 received the same treatment except shortly before they were released, 
 it was so far modified as to permit them to receive newspapers, and 
 visit the rear under a guard, at which time all other prisoners must 
 be in their rooms. 
 
 On two occasions, the draft from the chimney leading to the quar- 
 ters above, became reversed, throwing the whole of the smoke into 
 Zarvona's room ; his noise induced the sentinel to open the door, 
 after calling the Sergeant of the Guard; the soldiers on entering the 
 room immediately retreated, stifled from the smoke ; the door had to 
 be left open for fifteen minutes, and the other prisoners were driven 
 to their rooms to prevent them from seeing him. 
 
 Lieut. Wood, suspecting he had found means to communicate with 
 the other prisoners, laid a trap to ascertain if it were so. Di-essing 
 one of the soldiers of the same size, in Zarvona's clothes, Zarvona 
 was removed from his cell at night, and the soldier substituted, with 
 instructions how to act. Next morning, one of the prisoners, Mr. 
 Cecil, in passing the cell, was attracted by a noise from the window, 
 and a piece of paper tied to a nail was thrown out ; unconsciously he 
 stooped to pick it up, and was immediately seized and conveyed to a 
 
131 
 
 duugeou cell, six by three feet, where a ray of light never penetrated, 
 aud kept there for seven weeks ; his fellow-prisoners could scarcely 
 recognise him, when he re-appeared at the end of that time, so hag- 
 gard and emaciated had he become. The reason assigned by Lieut. 
 Wood to the other prisoners for his brutality towards Zarvona was 
 that he had attempted to make his escape. It is true he did make 
 the attempt, but it was nearly two months after he had been placed 
 in close confinement, and when it is known that the night on which 
 he made the attempt was very cold, that the tide runs like a mill- 
 race between the island and the main-land, and that should he have 
 escaped the fire of the sentinels, he would almost certainly been chilled 
 to death by the water, or carried out to sea by the tide, and as his 
 friends say, is unable to swim, it will readily be seen that nothing but 
 insanity, or desperation caused by his barbarous treatment could have 
 induced him to make the attempt. 
 
 Lieut. Wood, in answer to an enquiry recently made by a commit- 
 tee of the Senate, states that Zarvona is confined in a room 25 feet 
 long by 15 wide, lighted by three windows, only one of which is closed. 
 This is not correct. The room, which I measured myself, is less 
 than 14 by 22 feet, with an arched ceiling, 5 feet high at the spring 
 of the arch, and 8 feet in the centre, has one door and one window, 
 facing the interior of the Fort, which were kept solidly closed, and 
 two narrow slits in the wall facing the sea. When the front door 
 and window was closed, it was impossible to read or write in the day 
 time without candles. 
 
 j0Vt ^tlavr^w. 
 
 After leaving Fort Warren, according to the accounts of my com- 
 panions who remained, every thing went on as usual. In February, 
 the North Carolina prisoners were exchanged, with the exception of 
 Commodore Barron aud a few naval officers. The prisoners were con- 
 gratulating themselves on the increased accommodation by their depar- 
 ture, when a fresh arrival of nearly two hundred officers taken at 
 Fort Donaldson, crowded them more than ever. 
 
132 
 
 The new arrivals experienced the same kind and humane treatment 
 from Colonel Dimick which had previously marked his character, with 
 the exception of Major General Buckner and Brigadier General 
 Tilghman, who were, by special orders from Washington, placed in 
 solitary confinement, where they remained during their whole imprison- 
 ment. 
 
 All the prisoners of war were exchanged and left the Fort the latter 
 part of July — a portion of the political prisoners had been discharged 
 in May, on various conditions, and but fourteen now remained ; of 
 these, some had been offered a release on parole which was indignantly 
 refused, others were esteemed too dangerous to be released on any 
 terms. 
 
 The liberty of the island was now given them on parole, and as 
 time passed on, the garrison, impressed by their manly bearing, 
 learned to treat them with much respect. Even the Boston Journals 
 ceased to speak of them as "Miserable Rebels," "Deluded Traitors," 
 " Misguided Wretches," but as men whose calm fortitude and stern deter- 
 mination to suiFer rather than surrender a principle, entitled them to 
 sympathy and regard, even from those who differed from them. 
 
 This change of feeling, going on through all the Northern States, 
 partly the efi"ects of returning reason, and partly the wide-spread feel- 
 ing, that no man, having public or private enemies, could feel assured, 
 on retiring at night, that the morrow's sun might not find him in a 
 Fortress or a filthy Jail, finally developed itself in the Fall Elections 
 in such an unmistakeable form, that the Government was forced to 
 relax its policy, and in themonth of November, general orders were 
 issued to release all the State Prisoners, against whom no specific 
 charge existed; still the feeling against the Maryland Prisoners was 
 yet so strong at Washington, kept up in all probability by the Plug 
 Ugly Junta in Baltimore, that special orders were sent to Col. Dimick 
 not to release any of his prisoners under the general order, and the 
 probability is that those gentlemen would have remained at Fort War- 
 ren, but (as I am informed) for the interference and strong protests of 
 Mr. Blair, the Post Master General, who had always regarded with 
 disfavor, the arrest, and particularly the long continued imprisonment 
 of the Maryland prisoners, and insisted on their unconditional release, 
 which he succeeded in eflfecting after a strong; effort. 
 
133 
 
 &mx\) €\\ut. 
 
 It may be interesting to know how ^^ State Prisoners" are cared 
 for in the Bastiles of the West; they exist in every State, and proba- 
 bly vary but little in their management. The one at Camp Chase, 
 Columbus, Ohio, is thus described by a " Loyal" Editor who writes 
 on the spot : 
 
 HORRIBLE DISCLOSURES IN RELATION TO A 
 POLITICAL PRISON. 
 
 We speak wholly of the political prison, the prison of State, as we 
 know nothing whatever of what occurs in the prison where " rebels 
 taken in arms" are kept — that is, " the prisoners of war." 
 
 It must not be forgotten that there have been from six to seven 
 hundred political prisoners at Camp Chase at a time ; and although 
 several hundred have been lately discharged without trial, there are 
 yet some four hundred — one or two hundred of these have arrived 
 there within a few days past from Kentucky and Western Virginia. 
 These men are taken from their homes, some from their beds at 
 night, some from their houses in day-time, and a great many of them 
 are picked up in their fields at work, and never suffered to see their 
 families before being spirited off to Ohio and incarcerated in the cele- 
 brated Bastile, which will soon be as famous as Olmutz itself. 
 
 Our Ohioans are put into the same prison with these men from 
 .other States, and from them we have learned some facts which the 
 people of Ohio ought to know. Many of these men have been kept 
 in this prison for over one year, a great many for five, six, seven and 
 eight months, without even seeing outside, or being allowed to com- 
 municate personally with any one, not even wife, child, father, 
 mother, or stranger. 
 
 They are furnished with nothing but a single blanket, even these 
 cold nights, unless they are able to purchase additional comforts with 
 money they may be able to command. Many are poor men, and una- 
 ble to purchase; they were not permitted to bring along a change of 
 clothing, and many had on when seized nothing but summer wear, 
 and that has become filthy, worn out, and scarcely hangs upon their 
 backs. 
 
 They have no bedding, and therefore are compelled to sleep on 
 bare boards. They have not enough wood furnished to keep fires up 
 all night, and hence the sufi'ering is intensified by the cold weather. 
 If they attempt, after night, to walk out in the yard to take off the 
 chills of the dreary night, they are instantly threatened to be shot by 
 the guards, as ordered by those in command. 
 
134 
 
 Dr Allen, of Columbia county, Ohio, said he laid on a bare board 
 until his hips were black and blue. The wood furnished them is 
 four feet long, and they are compelled, each mess to chop it up for 
 themselves, and, the provisions being furnished raw, they have to 
 cook for themselves. Hecollect, always, that these are political pris- 
 oners, against whom no one appears as accuser, and no trial is per- 
 mitted. 
 
 The prison has become filthy — awfully so — and the rats are "in 
 droves. If the prisoners attempt to kill one of these rats they are 
 forbidden, and threatened with being shot instantly. Recollect, 
 always, as we said above, these are political prisoners, against whom 
 some malicious negro-worshipper has created a suspicion of disloyalty, 
 but whose name is kept a secret, and hence there can be no trial. 
 
 The prison is perfectly alive with lice and no chance is given to 
 escape the living vermin. A dead man, one of the prisoners, was the 
 other day carried out to the dead yard, and laid there over night, and 
 when visited in the morning by other prisoners, who heard there was 
 a dead man there, they found the hair on his head stiff with lice and 
 nits — the lice creeping into his eyes in great numbers, and, as he lay 
 with his mouth open, the lice were thick crawling in and out of his 
 open mouth. 
 
 Not long since two of the prisoners got into a scuffle in trying 
 their strength, and finally into a fight, as was supposed ; and several 
 other persons rushed to part them, when the guards from the look 
 out above fired ou them, killing an old man by the name of Jones, 
 from Western Virginia, and the ball grazing the skull of another; he 
 fell, and it was supposed at first he was -killed, also; another of the 
 balls passed through a board at the head of a sick man in the hospi- 
 tal, and only escaped him by a few inches. The two men in the 
 scuffle were not hurt. 
 
 We might go further, but God knows this is far enough for once. 
 It is enough to make one's blood run cold to think of it. 
 
 Now, if any one doubts this — if the authorities at camp or at the 
 State House doubt it, if the Legislature, when it meets, will raise a 
 committee, we promise to name the witnesses who, if sent for, under 
 oath, prove all this, and as much more, soiuc of which is too indecent 
 to print in a newspaper for the public ear. 
 
 We do not bring these things to light for any other purpose than 
 an act of humanity, of respect for the lair fame of Ohio, and to direct 
 public attention to them that the brutal authorities of that camp may 
 have justice done them. The commandant of the camp is himself a 
 member of the Ohio House of Ilepresentatives. He will no doubt 
 appear on 1st Monday of January to take his seat. Let him answer 
 to his compeers on that floor — let him answer to his constituents who 
 elected him — let him answer to the whole people of Ohio, if he dare, 
 whether these things are so or not. Heaven be blessed if any modi- 
 fication can be put upon these transactions — any excuse of the most 
 trivial nature, by which the fame of Ohio may be vindicated from 
 the crime and stigma which otherwise must go down to all time upon 
 the pages of our history. — Columbus (Ohio) Crisis. 
 
135 
 
 COPY OF PROTEST SENT TO WASHINGTON, OCTOBER 8. 
 
 [paper referred to on page 42.] 
 
 Fort LaFayette, October 8, 18G1. 
 His ExceMency , the President of the United States: 
 
 Sir : The undersigned prisoners confined in Fort LaFayette, are 
 compelled to address you this protest and remonstrance against the 
 inhumanity of their confinement and treatment. The oflicers in com- 
 mand at Fort Hamilton and this post, being fully aware of the 
 grievances and privations to vfhich we are obliged to submit, we are 
 bound, for humanity's sake, to presume that they have no authority 
 or means to redress or remove them. They, in fact, assure us that 
 they have not. Our only recourse, therefore, is to lay this statement 
 before you, in order that you may interpose to prevent our being any 
 longer exposed to them. 
 
 The prisoners at this post are confined in four small casemates and 
 two large battery rooms. The former are about fourteen feet in 
 breadth by twenty-four or thereabouts in length, with arched ceilings 
 about eight and a half feet high at the highest point, the spring of 
 the arch commencing at about five feet from the floor. In each of 
 these is a fire-place and the floors are of plank. The battery-rooms 
 are of considerably higher pitch, and the floors are of brick, and a 
 large space is occupied in them by the heavy guns and gun-carriages 
 of the batteries. They have no fire-places or means of protection 
 from cold or moisture, and the doors are large, like those of a carriage- 
 house, rendering the admission of light impossible without entire 
 exposure to the temperature and weather without. In one of the 
 small casemates, twenty-three prisoners are confined, two-thii'ds of 
 them in irons, without beds, bedding, or any of the commonest neces- 
 sities. Their condition could hardly be worse if they were in a slave 
 ship, on the middle passage. In each of the two, out of the other 
 three casemates, ten gentlemen are imprisoned ; in the third there 
 are nine, and a tenth is allotted to it; their beds and necessary 
 luggage leaving them scarce space enough to move, and rendering the 
 commonest personal cleanliness almost an impossibility. The doors 
 are all fastened from six or thereabouts in the evening, until the 
 same hour in the morning, and with all the windows (which are small) 
 left open in all weathers, it is hardly possible to sleep in the foul, 
 unwholesome air. Into one of the larger battery-rooms there are 
 thirty-four prisoners closely crowded; into the other, thirty-five. All 
 the doors are closed for the same period as stated above, and the only 
 ventilation is then from the embrasures, and so imperfect that the 
 atmosphere is oppressive and almost stifling. Even during the day 
 three of the doors of one of these apartments are kept closed, against 
 the remonstrances of the medical men who are among the inmates, 
 and to the utter exclusion of wholesome and necessary light and air. 
 In damp weather all these unhealthy annoyances and painful discom- 
 forts are of course greatly augmented, and when, as to-day, the prison- 
 
136 
 
 ers are compelled by rain to continue within doors, their situation 
 becomes almost intolerable. The undersigned do not hesitate to say, 
 that no intelligent inspector of prisons can fail to pronounce their 
 accommodations as wretchedly deficient, and altogether incompatible 
 with health : and it is obvious, as we already feel, that the growing 
 inclemencies of the season which is upon us, must make our condi- 
 tion more and more nearly unendurable. Many of the prisoners are 
 men advanced in life : many more are of infirm health or delicate con- 
 stitutions. The greater portion of them have been accustomed to the 
 reasonable comforts of life, none of which are accessible to them here, 
 and their liability to illness is, of course, proportionately greater on 
 that account. Many have already suffered seriously from indisposi- 
 tion augmented by the restrictions imposed upon them. A contagious 
 disease is now spreading in one of the larger apartments, and the 
 physicians who are among us, are positive that some serious general 
 disorder must be the inevitable result, if our situation remains unim- 
 proved. The use of any but salt water, except for drinking, has 
 been for some time altogether denied to us. The cistern water itself, 
 for some days past, has been filled with dirt and animalcules, and the 
 supply, even of that, has been so low that yesterday we were almost 
 wholly without drinking water. A few of us who have the means to 
 purchase some trifling necessaries, have been able to relieve ourselves, 
 to some extent, by procuring an occasional, though greatly inadequate, 
 supply of fresh water from the Long Island side. 
 
 It only remains to add, that the fare is of the commonest and 
 coarsest soldier's rations, almost invariably ill-prepared and ill-cooked. 
 Some of us, who are better able than the rest, are permitted to take 
 our meals at a private mess, supplied by the wife of the Ordnance 
 Sergeant, for which we pay at the rate of a dollar per day, from our 
 own funds. Those who are less fortunate, are compelled to submit to 
 a diet so bad and unusual, as to be seriously prejudicial to their health. 
 
 The undersigned have entered into these partial details, because 
 they cannot believe that it is the purpose of the Government to 
 destroy their health, or sacrifice their lives, by visiting them with 
 such cruel hardships, and they will hope, unless forced to a contrary 
 conclusion, that it can only be ueeessarj' to present the facts to you, 
 plainly, in order to secure the necessary relief. We desire to say 
 nothing, here, in regard to the justice or injustice of our imprison- 
 ment, but we respectfully insist upon our right to be treated with 
 decency and common humanity, so long as the Government sees fit to 
 confine us. 
 
 Commending the matter to your earliest consideration and prompt 
 interference, we are your obedient servants. 
 
 This paper was signed by about eighty of the prisoners, and Lieu- 
 tenant Wood informed us it was sent to Washington. Some of the 
 prisoners refused to sign it on the ground that the facts were too 
 tamely stated, and others, that it might be construed into a petition, 
 as it subsequently was. No notice, as far as I know, was ever taken 
 of it at Washington. 
 
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