1 «"'• ■ ^ Class J: ■' r _7_ Book ,,- ft CS. Copyright N° COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. W. P2.. Sehuler.Pro., Plover Creamery. i )f the original Manufacturer of the finest quality BUTTER & CHEESE And dealer in GENERAL MERCHANDISE PLOVER, FA. Shifting Station: Zionsville, Pa. Watches. Clocks. Silverware, and ! Jewelry of every Description at Lowest Prices, i Give Me a Call. ' Satisfaction Guaranteed , and good and prompt service. Life-Sized Portraits and Frames furnished on shoit notice. Repairing ofall kinds €. f>. frctz, PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER and JEWELER, \ 2,2,3/4 Main St. ^ vatattq pa promptly attended to fy XvlM/^UO, r 1\. $. 3{. $>. 3(allman ? d e A Groceries, a l ^ Poultry, e k I Tobacco & (|f y Oysters. Main St.. EM A US. PA. The best and nicest goods in town. BUTZ& COMPANY WHOLESALE DEALERS IN OYSTERS, PEANUTS, ORANGES, Etc. 140 N. 7th St., Alleiitown. Pa. Under New Management WHOLESALE Mrs. Ellen J. Heilman, Propr. Sea? ding by the daj Stabling - . Cor. 3rd & Main St s, EMAUS, PA. WM. W. KUHINS, DKAI.F.K IN CO A L. FLO J n A FEED. Orders promptly filled and goods delivered. Office, Yard and Store, ^*H ""3*^ ZIONSVILLE, Perkiomen R. R. Dealer, Chestnut St., Enuuis. Pa. <5. f. Romig, Bread & Cake Baker, Ami manufacturer of the famous "Boss" Steam Pretzels. Picnics and Parties Supplied. ....EMAUS, /•/•:. v.v./. KQCtf 3ZQS., Jlllentowris 'Greatest • Clothing • Store. -#- Special Values^ FSUITSand OVERCOATS TO YOUR MEASURE, $ 1 2. to $25' w l?haort £. 'Weaver, NOTARY PUBLIC, REAL ESTATE A/ND COLLECTmCi AGENT .EMAUS, /'./. P. 0. Box 322. Ready Made SUITS &. OVERCOATS. iALWAYS Splendid Values, $5. to$12. Reuben stealer, Flour, Reed, Grain, Baled Hay and Straw, EMAUS, PENNA. fa-v-d. Artistic Photographer Fine Cabinet Portraits, o# o£ ^o %c Family Groups, Etc. Special Attention Given to Children. Satisfaction Guaranteed. North 5th Street, Emaus, Pa. ' Neai St. Matthew V . E. Church. <5. J. Faust, 3ewe!er and T, NEIMEYER & CO,, 723 Hamilton St., flllentoivn, Pa. Jrecl uzeinsmithj Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Boots, [ Practical funeral Director, Ami dealer in SHOES, HATS, CAPS, Queensware and General Merchandise, COR. 2nd & MAIN STS., EMAUS, / PENNA. Jill kinds of Furniture J38 Main St., Emaus, Pa. The History of the bargains we have offered in the past, would fill a good sized book in itself. But its only a drop in the bucket to the history we are makingat the pres- ent, by offering substan- tially made, high grade, stylish, well fitting cloth- ing at the lowest prices ever known. jShan^toeilei^Lehi 1 Clothiers & Furnishers. ALLENTOWN, PA. J. R. Schuler. A. R. Schuler. J. R. Schuler. SCHULER BROS. 401 Gordon St., VERA CRUZ, ALLENTOWN, PA. Lehigh Co., PA. Dealers in General Merchandise, Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Hats, Caps, Boots and SI toes. Come and see our goods and be convinced that we carry every thing you want and at the very low- est prices. j. Jr£. J*rederic/c, Dealer in all kinds 01 Fresh & Smoked Meats, Groceries & Green Groceries Emaus, -:- Pa. Gm A. Hamman, general Merchandise. ZIONSVlhliE, * PA. Country Produce taken in exchange. HENEY E. PETEKS, DRUGGIST and CHEMIST, 639 Hamilton Street, ALLENTOWN, PENNA. A Large Variety of Goods at the Very Lowest Prices Always to Be Had at my Store. rRANK TINK, Dealer inj?<§* Dry Goods, Notions and Groceries. Gents' Furnishing Goods a Specialty. Cor. 3rd & Main Sts., Emaus, Pa. for pictures go to ft. W. Wats PDoto John J. Hauserfc Co., ic Nos. 627 & 629 Hamilton St.. ALLENTOWN, PA. 1 1 ! . < I Bi i ioch Pins. JI. J. JYlHler. Dealer in ...General Merchandise, Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Boots and Shoes. Country produce taken Lu exchange foi which liigh- i >i cash price is \ aid POWDER VALLEY, PA. Ship/ ing Station: ZIONSVILLE, PA. R. C King, m. D M Largest Stock, Leading Prices, 641 Hamilton Street, AJLLENTOWS. PA FOR THE BEST MADE .^^♦r^'^. HARNESS Physician & Surgeon, ! ANDSADDL ^° r D o s '£ •<~%^f%**^ Hours. l':itil 9 co A. M. l-i .,ni [2.01 VI. to i.ci I' M A Ili-I 6.oi P M <£jmeport. JZehiqhCo.. Pa. LEHIGH COUNTY, VISIT •J. P. Smith & Son, Harness, Collars, Flyuets, Carri Etc. ....OLD ZIONSVILLE. PA. Daniel j 7 . <£eiby, 518 Washington Street, allentown, r.i. Manul Wonderful Pain Killer, Dr. Anger's German Oil. rop him a postal ai»d t lie goodi will b< I youi ■ der. 77/ax ?//. 97/iihr, 233 Main St., - EMAUS, PENNA. BREAD & i-AKE DAKEE, Groceries & Green Groceries, Picnics and Parties Supplied. HISTORY OF- Lehigh . County • Pennsylvania From The Earliest Settlements to The Present Time including much valuable information FOR THE USE OF THE ScDools, families and Cibrarics, BY James J. Hauser. 'IN Emaus, Penna., TIMES PUBLISHING CO., 1901. THF LIBRARY OF C< 'NGRESS, TWO VJui-ico KtCfclVED AUG. 31 1901 COFYSIGHT ENTRY £|BLASS «-XXa N». / Og 2-7 COPY 8. Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1901, By JAMES J. HAUSER, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, I). C. All rights reserved. Fin 1 -3 d ) S' <'& J OMISSIONS AND ERRORS. in page 20, the Lehigh Valley R. R. omitted. age 29, Swamp not Swomp. ige 28, Milford not Milfod. ' vre 34 Population not Populatirn. a^e 39, the Daily Leader of Allentown, omitted. ft tt-JZ^XZ£S. *-B *■ * H„™ ownship and not with Heidelberg. f INTRODUCTION. It is both interesting and instructive to study the history of our fathers, to fully understand through what difficulties, obstacles, toils and trials they went to plant settlements which struggled up to a position of wealth and prosperity. These accounts of our county have been written so as to bring before every •youth and citizen of our county, on account of the growth of the population, its •resources, the up building of the institution that give character and stability to the unity. J It has been made as concise as possible and everything which was thought ^o be of any value to the youth and citizen, has been presented asbest as it could be 'nider the circumstances and hope that by perusing its pages, many facts of interest ■n^an be gathered that will be of use in future years. Hoping that any shortcomings ot the work will be kindly passed by, by a ^generous public. It is now presented to the public for its careful perusal and that the youth of our country will lie benefitted thereby, and that the teachers of our public schools will find much valuable aid of which the author has tried to gather while engaged in the schoolroom, and that by perusing its pages the grand principle of patriotism and love of country will be instilled into the minds of our youth which will never be forgotten. In preparing this work I acknowledge the assistance of aid given by Profs. Rupp, the county supt. of schools, J. O. Knauss of the Department of Public In- struction, Clinton A. Mohr of the Emails Times, Mr. Steltz and others. This volume is now dedicated to the teachers, pupils and fellow citizens of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, Emails, Penn'a , May 11, 1901. J. J. Hauser. CHAPTER I. Treaties with the Indians. fEHIGH COUNTY embraces the beautiful Kitta tinny Valley, lying between the Lehigh or South Mountains on the south and Blue Mountains on the north, which is dotted with thriving towns and villages, fertile fields, running streams of water flowing through every part of the valley, making the Suil very productive, also part of the beautiful and romantic Lehigh Valley stretching along the Lehigh River, and the fertile Saucon Valley smith of the Lehigh or South Mountains. The advent of the white settler and his adventures with the Indians are full of incidents and hairbreadth escapes showing at a glance thai our forefathers had to undergo the same trials and cares as his western friend had in building up the country. The Aborigines or Indians living in what is now Le- high county were the Minsies or Delaware tribe of Indians, who were the owners of our beautiful and fertile Lehigh county. It was undoubtedly included in the ■second purchase of land from the Indians. It will perhaps be of interest to the reader to know the different purchases and what was acquired at each. The first purchase of land was made in 1 682 by William Markham, Deputy Governor of the colony, before the arrival of Penn, this included the country be- tween the Neshaminy Creek ami Delaware River to Wrightstown, and Upper Wakefield. The second and third purchases were made by William Penn himself and in- cluded the land along the Pahkehoma (Perkiomen). In 1686, it is claimed another treaty was made with the Indians, but no copy of the treaty is known to exist. The treaty of 1684 was made by William Penn and Maughaughsin (Macungie), /, the leading chief of the Delawares, and was for a consideration of two Matcbcoats, four pairs of Stockings and four bottles of Sider. The Indian deed is as follows: "Upon my own desire and free offer, I, Maughaughsin, in consideration of two Matchcoats, four pairs of Stockings and four bottles of Sider, do hereby grant, make over all ray land upon the Pahkehoma, to William Penn, Propr. and Gov- ern'r of Pennsylvania and territories, bis heirs and Assignees forever, with which I own myself satisfied and promise never to molest any Christian so call d yt shall seat thereon by his orders. Witness my hand and seal at Philadelphia ve third day of ye fourth month 1684. The mark of Maughaughsin. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of us, Philip Thomas Lehman, Thomas Holmes, John Davers, George Emlin. The Indians removing beyond the Blue Mountains, only a few remaining on their old hunting grounds, the beautiful Kittatinny Valley. The purchase of 1686 was said to include all the land beginning at the line of the former purchases to as far northwest a^ a man could ride in two days, but as no copy of the treaty was preserved, the claim was disputed by the Indians, and the purchase undecided, but settlers began to flock into the new region which they had supposed was purchased from the Indians, who believed that their rights were being encroached upon held several meetings with the proprietors of the colony to fix definitely the limits of the ceded territory. The first meeting was held in Durham, several miles below Easton, 1734. The second meeting was held at Pennsbury, 1735, and the last meeting was held at Philadelphia, which resulted i'i an agreement that the treaty of 1686 should be followed, and the purchase should be decided in a novel way, namely, the colony of Pennsylvania should receive as much land as was included in a line drawn northwest from a point at Wrightstown as a man could walk in a day and a half. This treaty is known as the "Walking purchase," subsequent to the treaty, the proprietors caused a trial walk to be made to ascertain what amount of land could be obtained, this trial walk was made in April 1735, and the trees along the route were blazed so that the parties eugaged in making the walk deciding the ownership of the land would have the advantage of a marked pathway. So when the treaty was signed August 25th. 1737, the Receiver General of the colony, James Steel, secured the man who held out best in the trial walk. Edward Marshall, who with James Yeates and Solomon Jennings all noted for their power of endurance, one of whom the champion of the trial walk. The sheriff of Bucks county Timothy Smith and John Chapman the surveyor, accompanied the two walkers provided their meals etc. The time set for the walk according to the treaty was September 12th, 1737 but was posponed until September 19th. It had been agreed that the Indians should send some of their young men along to see that the walk was fairly made. The compensation for each of the walkers was 5 pounds in money and 500 acres of land. The point of starting was at a large chestnut tree near the fork of the Pennsville and Durham roads at the meeting house in Washington, Bucks county, very close to the Markham purchase. The three walkers stood close to the tree their hands resting upon it, and as the sun rose, sheriff Smith gave the sig- nal for starting. The route was as straight as could possibly be on account of the ground and obstructions in the way, led along the Durham road. Yeates led the way with an easy step, followed by Jennings with two Indian walkers followed by Marshall at a distance swinging a hatchet and walking with an easy and careless s'ep. In 2-j hours they reached Red Hill, Bedminster, where they took dinner with Wilson the Indian trader, Durham creek to where the old furnace stood was follow- ed and crossed the Lehigh a mile below Bethlehem at Jones Island, passed to the Blue Ridge at Smith Gap, Moore township, Northampton county, slept at night on the northern side of the mountain, returning to their work at sunrise the next morn- ing and concluded their walk at noon. Marshall alone held out and threw himself, his whole length upon the ground and grasped a small tree which was marked as the end of the l:n\ Jennings was the first one to give out about 2 miles north of Tohickon and followed the others slowly till the Lehigh River was reached lie left them there and went to his home on wh it is now the Geissinger farm a few miles north of Bethlehem, what is now Salisbury township, where he lived for 20 years after. He was a famous hunter and woodsman, one of his eons, .John Jennings was sheriff of Northampton county in 1702 to 17G8. Yeates gave out at the foot of the mountain on the morning of the second day, when picked up was nearly blind and died 3 d ivs after. While Marshall the champion walker was not the least injured by exertion, lived to be 79 years old, dying in Tinicum, Bucks county. The Indians were dissatisfied with the walk and frequently said to the walk- ers that they should not run and were so disgusted with the walk, that they left be- fore it was completed. The distance walked was about 611 miles. When the end of the line had been reached in a northwest direction, it still had to be run to the Del- aware River, which made another disagreement between the Proprietors and Indians, the Indians thought that the line would be drawn in a straight line to the river from the nearest point but they ran the line at right angles reaching the river at the Lix- awaxon, making about twice as much territory as the other way, the survey em- braced nearly all the land between the forks of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, including all the land south of the Blue Mts., comprising 500,000 acres of land. The Receiver General, James Steel, wrote to a friend of his in 1737, said that it took 4 days to walk from the upper end of the "Long Walk" (day and a half.) and very little good land for settlement was to be seen. This walking purchase as it was called gave a great deal of dissatisfaction to the Indians and was one of the principle causes of the council held at Easton in 1756 where it was ably discussed. The complaint of the Indians was 1st, that the walk- ers walked to fast, 2nd, that the walkers should have stopped to shoot game and smoke, 3rd, that they should have walked as the Indians do when on a hunt, 4th, that the line was not drawn to the river as it should have heen drawn, 5th, they claimed the line should have been drawn from the nearest point to the river, 6th, ac<-used the Proprietors of trickery and dishonesty. Whether true or not, '"the Walking purchase" drew upon them the hatred of the Indians and was the beginning of a feeling which was fanned into stirring events a generation later creating great havoc among the settlers in the region now composed of the counties of Lehigh Northampton and Carbon. ^^|P^ CHAPTER II. The First White Men. •LEHIGH COUNTY was a part of Bucks county, hence one of the three original «|: counties established in 1682, hence its first settlers were for the most part set- rr tiers who pushed northward. The first white men who came within the present limit of Lehigh county were the traders in the seventeenth century, who came and went, transacting their business with the Indians, sometimes creating animosity between Indians and white men. As early as 1701, these men were brought to the no:ice of the Proprietors by the troubles they made, the same time the Seneca Ind- ians made incursions in view of harassing the more peaceful Delawares. The first settlement within the present limits of the county was made near the Swamp Church, Lower Milford, in 1715 by some German emigrants, as is shown by the inscription upon an old stone building which bears the above date. The first settlement of which an authentic knowledge is known, was made in 1730, in the Lehigh Valley. In 1734, the whole was thrown open for settlement. When the newly arrived settlers from Germany began to flock thither, that the set- tlors were enterprising is shown that they began to secure good roads, as early as 1735, the emigrants came rapidly to the county so when it became a part of Nor- thampton County in 1752, it had population of 2800 souls, as follows: Milford, 700, Upper Saucon, 650, Macungie, 650, Whitehall, 800, including about 200 which resid- ed in Hanover making the entire number 3000. In 1773 some thirty years after the first settlement had been made, the coun- ty showed great improvements as can be seen by the following number of acres of cleared land in what is now Lehigh County namely, 37,394, 8,869 acres of grain, 886 farmers. Slowly and slowly the red man receded before the coming of the white man, as few Indians were remaining in what is now Lehigh Co., after 1740. They had nearly all passed beyond the Blue Mountains, only here and there a family or individual Indian remained in tent upon some chosen spot on the ancient hunting ground. One of chief of these was Kolapechka an old chief residing on the creek which bears his name. Coplay. He was on friendly terms with Ids white neighbors and was frequently em- ployed by the government to carry messages and act as interpreter. The last Indian living in the county was in 1742, when the last of the Delawares was compelled to remove from this region to the Wyoming Valley. After that date it was still the common custom of the Indians to come from the north and pass down into Lehigh and wander much as they chose to do in for- mer times, when they were at peace with the other tribes of Indians. They brought usually game and peltry for trading purposes and purchased such articles as they needed for their primitive life in the forest. But after the second Indian raid thev were never seen any more. CHAPTER III. Indian Raids. _N the first Indian raid 1755, the settlers escaped the Indians wrath, which fell so furiously upon the settlers of Carbon and Northampton, which resulted in the massacres of the Moravians in ( arbon Co., and other atrocious murders. One of the principal cause of the raid was the Walking Purchase of 1737, which it seems to the Indians ever to be a dissatisfaction, and which seems to have been the chief influence for it. Hut the defeat of Braddocb in 1755, operated powerfully as a stimulus in the minds of the red man, arousing hatred and incite murderous de- sire. So when peace was made in 1758, it gave a sense of relief to the settlers again which lasted for about five years. When the conspiracy of the powerful chief Pontiac incited once more their hatred for the white pe >ple, and which had m loh to do with th ■ In li in raids of 1768 in the county and the massacres of a number of settlers. As it seems that the settlers in Whitehall were entirely innocent having always treated the Indians with kindness in their dealings with them. h seems if the Indians had lost confidencein the desrendents of Penn, whoje memory they revered. They may have longed for regaining their ancient hunting grounds. It is doubtful if they would have commenced hostilities against the set- tlers if they had not been incited by the French. It was they more than any others that provoked the conflict between the white and Indians, The first war was provoked by the intrigues of the French, in which the col - ony of Pennsylvania was involve 1 with the red man. The French knew very well that by securing the aid of the Indians as allies living in Pennsylvania there was a chance of carrying on successfully their military operations in the Ohio Valley, for that reason they flattered and cajoled the Delawares and other tribes of Indians. This course of action had the effect of winning the allegiance from the English and was the cause of many deeds of bloodshed in the white settlements of the frontier. The massacre of Guadenhiitten led to others nearer at home on the south side of the mountain. Every day some new murder was committed by the wily Indian. The whole frontier was in a state of alarm, settlers began to forsake their homes fleeing to m< re secure places. The people at Bethlehem were in su?pense as they had seen the lu- rid glare beyond the mountains made by the buring of the buildings and knew that bad news awaited them. The first news of the massacre came after midnight by those who fled from the disaster, during the day, eight while settlers and from 30 to 40 Indian Brethern including men, women and children arrived from New Gnad- enhutten at Bethlehem. From thi> time for several days the people of the remote settlements began to flock to the more secure settlements abandoning everything. They were all filled with the wildest alarm many coming only with enough cloth- ing to shield their bodies from the cold, while all were destitude of the necessities of life. Hundreds of farms were abandoned iu Lehigh and Northampton counties by their occupants. They were kindly cared for by the Brethern at Bethlehem and oth- er places. The following are some of the incidents of the Indian raids in Whitehall. There were Indian villages near Schnecksville on Laurence Troxell's land James Scheuerer, Hilarius Kernal and Jerry Kuhns, numerous burial grounds of the red men are found iu the above vicinity. The relation between the settlers and the Indians were of the most friendly character. But after Braddock's disastrous defeat in 1755, the hatred of the Ind- ians was aroused and the settlers were constantly disturbed, before retiring at night, often went out with rifle in hand, ascend some high knoll near his house to look for blazing cottages, they were kept in constant alarm till 1758, when peace was made, which lasted till 1763, when the troubles broke out anew. One of the main causes of the Whitehall massacres were as "Heckewelder says, That some Indians who had come to Bethlehem in the summer ofl763 to trade, when returning, they stopped at John Sten ton's tavern, Allen township, Northamp- ton county over night, the place being about 8 miles from Bethlehem, where they were badly treated and robbed of some of their most valuable articles they had pur- chased, returning to Bethlehem, they lodged complaints with a justice of the peace who gave them a letter in which he strongly urged that they should return the Ind- ians' property to their owners. But instead of getting their property they were driv- en from the house, this they did, meeting some other Delaware Indians on the banks of the Susquehanna who had been treated in the same way. They resolved to take revenge in their own way for the insult they had received as soon as their nation would make war upon the colonists. Captain J. N. Wetherhold with his soldiers murdered Zachary, his wife and little child and a woman named Zippora in Aug. 1763, near the Lehigh Gap. Zach- ary was a friendly Indian who had come to adjust the difficulties and while engag- ed in this act of humanity, was killed like a dog. These and many others likethe above led the Indians to take the war path. Among the first places they attacked was Stenton's tavern and killed all the inmates among which was Captain Wetherhold who had claimed he was Vulnera- ble (kuglefest). They robbed the house of every thing from there they went to the house of Andrew Hazlett who tried to defend his home but was killed with his fam- ily, from there they went to the homes of James Allen and Philip Kratzer which they plundered. Undoubtedly the inmates had heard of the Hazlett's tragedy and fled. The Indians now proceeded to the Whitehall settlements in true Indian style. On October 8, 1763, a bright and beautiful autumn day a small band of Ind- ians crossed the Lehigh at Whitehall fresh from their attack on the settlers in All- (ii township, and went to John J. Mick ley's place finding three of his children in the woods gathering chestnuts, killed two of them, from there they went to the homes of Hans Snyder and Nicholas Marks, killing Snyder,his wife and three children, wounding two daughters of Snyder leaving both for dead, and one of them taken 8 captive and never restored. The daughters recovered from their wounds. The Assembly passed a hill for their relief as they were very poor, never afterwards en- joyed good health the one that was scalped was a pitiable sight to Bee with her scalped head. The Mickley's children that had been killed were buried at the foot of a large chestnut tree, the place being still pointed out where they had been buried. Nicholas Marks' family escaped, they had seen the Indians coining. The Indians s i fire to their house and among others of the settlers that were killed by the Ind- i ins were Jacob Alleman's wife and child who were found dead in the road scalped. The number of settlers that were killed were twenty, the others escaped flee- iug to Deschler's fort, about two miles from the scene of murder. The fort is stand- ing and well preserved, it is a substantial stone building strongly built, having heavy walls to serve for other purposes than merely for a ordinary dwelling, was built in 1 7(i(). adjoining the same was a large frame dwelling, where twenty soldiers could be quartered and a large quantity of military stores be kept. The frame part has pass (1 away, the place was a kind of a military postduring the Indian trouble-; and was furnished i'ven by Mr. Deschler who was one of the most liberal and humane men of the settlement. It stands on a little eminence overlooking the G'oplay creek. The building was 40 feet long, 30 feet wide, 2-l> stories high, the walls are 18 inches and two feet thick supported by heavy timbers in the interior There were a few small window in the sides with four panes of glass, in the gabl s were loop 1, A large hearth was in the middle of the building, each story was divided into two apartments ami in the mantle piece can be seen the bullet holes made by (he Indians. It was a place of refuge for the neighborhood. A number of the settlers were taken captive by the Indian-, and those with black hair and eyes were spared and adopted. Among them was one Mayer his wife and son who were adopted into a tribe. Margaret Frantz was taken prisoner while engaged in washing flax with another girl named Solt whom they took along to near where Ballretsville now stands. Margaret was 15 years old when taken captive and was with them seven years. Before she was exchanged, her father was killed by the Indians and she was married two years after return from captiv- ity to Nicholas Woodring. She was known far and wide for her knowledge of herbs, which she had acquired from the Indians. Her services for relieving the sick weie in great demand, she always journeyed on horseback. She died in 1829, at the age of 78 years, among her descendants are the Ritters, Steckle* and Browns. Her companion Soil lived with an Indian as his wife and had two child- ren, when she returned from captivity she was allowed to take her little girl along. ddie settlers of South Whitehall had their share of Indian troubles like the other settlements, the dangers were so great that it was impossible for the delegates to attend the meeting of the Lutheran Synod held at Philadelphia in 1753. Ami the Synod was asked to pray for the safety of the Pastor! Rev. Sehartier) of the Jor- dan's congregation and the settlers. Idie Governor in his message to the Assembly said "Their houses are burn- e ■ .ecu by the intercourse with the people of Lowhill, Milford, Whitehall, etc., which are just asGerman as the rest of the county. They speak a dialect of the German language which is akin to the language of their forefathers who came from Palatinate where the same language is spoken. It is not "High German, as it is just as old or perhaps older, and often more expressive then the High German as a spoken language, as it was from time immemoriable in the South German dialects. Some of its roots of words can be traced hack to older roots then the High Ger- man, for example, colt, English, fallen, High German, which is derived from Greek and Latin roots, while hutsch and hutschli, a young colt from Wesserwald huzz, Lausatian, huzche, Swabian, hutschle, is more purely german then the High Ger- man, horse, E.; pherd, H. G.; Gaul, P. G.; calf, E.; kalb, H. G.; homeli, P. (J.; pig, E.; Schwein, H. G.; sou, P. G.; potato, E.; kartoffel, H. G.; grumbeer, P. G.; etc. are some of the derivations. It' as has beeM said as an index to their character, then the expressions as proverbs, adages songs and sayings handed down from one generation to the other are very original and expressive, they by frequent repetition have made strong im- pression:: upon the people to influence their life and character. Their songs are delightful, spirited and impressive. Here are some of the sayings of the Pennsyl- vania Germans. "Wie mers mocht so hut mers. Die kinner un die norra sawga die wohret. Fors denka konn em niemont henka. Gross gekrisch un wennig woll. Gut gewetst is halver gemeht. Eh eer is die onner werth. AVer awhalt gewinnt. Mer hut nix unna druvel. Die morga schtund hut gold im mund. Zub on deiner egna naws. Mer muss leva un leva lossa. AVer net kommt zu rechter zeit muss nehme was iwwerich bleibt''. And many other sayings show that they have say- ing which for beautiful thought etc., compare well with the High German and the English languages. n Then ; he poems of Dr. Henry Harbaugh, written in the Pennsylvania Ger- man language, compare with the best poems of any language. His must touching and beautiful poems are tfie following: "Das Alt Schulhaus An Der Krick, (The Old Schoolhouse At The Creek.) Heemweh, (Homesickness.) the last one;! most "beautiful poem, descriptive uf the sweet rest of Heaven etc., and other.-. The peo- ple are as a whole a religious people. When they first came they built side !>\ church ami schoolhouse. Be which it can be Seen that both the spiritual and temporal wants of tin 1 young were attended to, and they were early brought into the church. The greater part of the Pennsylvania Germans are farmers and hardy. robust, strong, healthy ami industrious. They are sociable, performing many works in common, assisting each other in whatever way they can. In former limes, during haymaking and harvest time there were a number of workmen together, at nine o'clock they would take lunch, relate anecdotes in which both men and women engaged in. At breakfast, dinner and supper, the ta- bles were always laden with food which were keenly relished by them all. At noon came the Kuhe schtund, (hour rest.) which was spent by sleeping, tellingstories un- der the shady tree or grinding the scythes. After Feier o vet, (after t lie days work ) all enjoyed themselves very much, sitting upon the porch, reclined against sometree enjoying themselves well after their hard days work, taking for their proverb, Nuch der erwet is gut zu ruhe. Corn husking was another enjoyable feature of former times, when a huge, number of young men and women went to a neighbor and assisted him in husking corn. Quilting and applebutter parties were some of the other pastimes of former days, where old and young gathered and helped each other in quilting and making chintz, pared apples in the afternoon, in the evening the young folks spent the time in a lively manner such as music, dancing and other amusements. Battalion drills was another institution of days gone by. The Militia had their drills in Spring and the weapons used were usually cornstalks, hoe handles and broomsticks, So when the Battalion Day came in May everything was in readiness of which these were the preparatory exercises. When the day came, Infantry and Calvalrv were on hand. The officers that were in command were the Generals, Colonels, Majors and Captains with their cocked hats and plumes, epau- lets on their shoulders fully uniformed. The command was generally given in thundering tones, "Atten— shone, company! The brave and gallant Lieutenants repeated the words Pennsylvania German, "Gebt Acht Buva Now Horcht bosst nil A finer and more imposing sight was never seen or command given. Oh! what a iime were those old fashioned Badolga (Battalion,) Daga. At the age of 18, every one was compelled to become a soldier, the very age when the young maidens were at liberty to marry. Every one went to the Battalion day, old and young, and when the young people were strangers to each other, they were introduced not exactly like in polite society, but in blunt Pennsylvania German, as Des ist der Bill, Des is! die Sail, Ivum her, huckt dich onna zu mir. All was fun, in the evening there was dancing which lasted till early morning. The holidays (Feierdaga,) of the Pennsylvania Germans are worthy of notice. On Christmas wa- 12 Christmas trees were found almost in every home, aim the churches were henuti- f'ully and tastefully decorated with evergreen*. Their Kri.scht kindli is not the fantastic St. Nicholas, hut the Giver of good gifts. When the children met each other on Christmas morning, they did not ask where is my Christmas present but "Wo ist mei Krischt kindli," moaning a gift of God in Jesus the Christ child. New Year was another of their festivals. At that time they shot out the old year and shoot in the New year, a practice that is not common anymore. The shooting was not all of it, beautiful verses of the scriptures and hymns were com- mitted to memory, and repeated under the windows of those who were visited by them, they went through storm and snow. En glickselig nei yohr was heard on all sides, each vieing with each other to be first in the greeting among friends or strangers. Model Lehigh County Swiss Barn. CHAPTER V. War Record. B EVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. At the time of the Revolution, Lehigh county was a part of Northampton count}', but raised its full share of quotos for the American Army. At the outbreak of the war, a company was raised in what is now Lehigh county, every one enlisting in the company received a bounty of three pounds ($8 00.) The company formed a part of the 2nd Pennsyl- vania Battalion of which Colonel Arthur St. Clair was the commander. Captain Thomas Craig was captain of the company, promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1776. Rudolph Brunner succeeded him as captain of the company. ^ The Flying camp of 1776, was formed by Captain John Arndt, and took part in the battle of Long Island, August, 27, 1776 in which the company suffered heavily in killed and wounded, losing in all 21 men. At the battle of Fort Wash- ington it again Buffered heavily in killed, wounded and prisoners, Nov., 16, 1776, losing in all 37 men. Washington, after his defeat at Harlem Heights, New York, retreated across the North River and through New Jersey by the way of Newark, Princeton and Trenton where he crossed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. General John Warren, Surgeon General, sent the following communication to Bishop Ett- wein of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem. "According to his Excellency, General Washington's Orders. The Genera] Hospital of the army is removed to Bethle- hem, and you will do the greatest act of humanity by immediately providing prop- er buildings for its reception." Bethlehem had been selected as the most advanta- geous location by Washington when it had been found necessary to remove th*» hospital from Morristown, New Jersey, in the summer of 1777. Allen town was the centre of operation for the formation of the Wagon Brigade, the bells of Christ Church, Philadelphia, State house bell were -removed to Allentown for conceal- ment when the British took possession of Philadelphia. Allentown was also the de- pot where the Revolutionary army got its supplies, cartridges manufactured, mus- kets repaired, etc. After 1778, the seat of war was transferred from the banks of the Delaware to the North and South, after that the beat of the drum and the tramp of the ar- mies no more resounded through the valley of the Lehigh. General Charles Lee with his division of the American army were encamped for some time at Bethle- hem. General La Fayette, after being wounded in the battle of Brandywine, was brought to Bethlehem and there nursed till he got well. At one time or other many of the American officers stopped at the Sun Hotel, Bethlehem. The citizens of that town and throughout the county were ever ready to help the American cause in whatever wav they could. 1 1 The next important event was t he Friess* Rebellion. In L797, Con gnss pass ed certain laws which were objectional to the people. Wining them were the Alien, Sediton and the HouseTax Laws which n irded us unjust and burdensoi The people arose to resist the enforcement of them and an Insurrection broke out in Milford, Bucks county under t lie leadership of John Friess, who had been an officer in the Revolutionary army, he was ably seconded by Fred. Heany and John German, the oppositon of Friess prevented all assessments in Milford town- ship that year. The Insurrection spread rapidly into Northampton county, also into what is now Lehigh county, where the Assessors wen' chased from one town- ship to another. Sometime after the above occurrences, 17 ol his followers were captured and imprisoned in the Sim Hotel, Bethlehem. Friess Went to their h< ]p and rescued them. The President, John Adams sent troops to ipiell the Insurrection, when they came Friess went into hidingand a month afterwards was captured near Bunk- er Hill, Bucks county. He and a number of his followers were placed on trial tor treason, were Convicted and sent; need to death, hut were pardoned by the President. Friess returned to his home near Trumbauei sville, Bucks county, and resumed his occupation of crying public sales. Thus ended the Insurrection, also known as the Milford Rebellion, The Hot Water War, The House Tax War. After that there was no determined opposition to these laws which were soon after repealed. Then there was pence till the war broke out with England in 1812 During that war the people of the county went forth to the front with an alacrity which was highly commendable. The following companies responded to their Country's call. Captain John F. Ruhe's Company of Light Infantry, Co., 5th, 2d Model Lehigh County Farm House. J5 Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Light Infantry, 1st, Brigade, 2nd Division was raised in Whitehall. Captain Abraham Gangewere's Company of Rifle men, (Co. 1st) First Bri- gade, Second Division, Pennsylvania Militia, Brigadier General H. Spering, com- manding the brigade, Major General Shitz, commanding the Division. Captain Abraham Rinker's Company of Rifle men, 1st Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Rifle men, Colonel Thomas Humphrey, commanding, Captain Peter Ruch's Light Horse Company were raised in the Whitehall, and Capt. John Dornblaser's Co. of Infantry raised in Lehigh, Northampton and Pike counties, and Captain Joseph Wilt's Company raised in Upper Milford. By which it can be seen that Little Lehigh at the very beginning of its existence, nobly sent forth her sons to defend the nation's honor. A few went to the Mexican war, 1845—48, but the same mar- tial spirit was displayed as in former wars. Among those who went to the war was Colonel Harry C. Longecker. After a period of peace of 13 years the tranquility was broken by the firing upon Fort Sumter by the South Carolina soldiers and the capture of the fort by the same was wired over the entire country. April 12th, 1861. On that day the Gov- ernor of Pennsylvania received thet following telegram. "The war has commenced' the batteries opened fire upon Fort Sumter at 4 A. M. this morniug.' This conflict began by the people of the North and South placing different construction to the Constitution of the United States, of the Slave question and by continually agitating the same, at last each section came to distrust each other and regard each other with contempt. The North believing that the South would not dare to go to war and fight for the cause they advocated. While the North would never dare to strike a blow against the South. When actual the hostilities commenced many of the North said that it would only be a breakfast, but before the war was over they had in addition to break fast, dinner and supper. While the S iuth said we will capture Washington and bring the Government to terms in very short time, and have our Independence acknowledged by the Government. But how sadly were both sides disappointed 5»ud how through four long and sad years each side contented for the mastery which at last fell to the lot of the North, "Stars and Stripes," which had cost an enormous amount of money and great loss of life. But which taught both North aud South a lesson which they had not known before, they learned to know each other better and by that struggle showed for- eign nations the true valor of the American citizen. And Slavery extinguished forever from American soil. On April 15th, 1861, President Lincoln issued his proclamation calling out the Militia of the several states, to quell the Rebellion. Pennsylvania was called upon to furnish 16 Regiments, two of which were wanted within three days to de- fend (he National Capital which was unprotected. One of the first companies to respond to the call of the President were the Allen Guards, Captain Thomas Yeag er of Allentown, they offered their services to the Governor, April 17th, and mus- 16 tered into services, April L8th, arriving the same time at Harrison rg were King gold's Light Artillery, Captain McKnight of Reading, Logan Guards, Captain Sel heiraer of Lewistown, Washington Guards Captain Wren and the National Light Infantry, Captain McDonalds of Pottsville and Company H. Fourth Artillery Reg- ular Army under Lieutenant Pemberton, (afterwards a general of the Confeder- ate Array) arrived. They all started for tho seat of war on the 18th, of April, The Regular, for Fort McHenry, the others for Washington. For their promptness in marching to the defence of Washington, arriving there on the 18th, of April, 1861. Thanks of the House of Representativees.which are rarely tendered except for great and signal service to the state were express- ed in the following terms: <; 37th, Congress, U, S. July 22nd, 1861. Resolved, that the thanks of this house are due and are hereby tendered to the 530 soldiers from Pennsylvania who passed through the mob at Baltimore and reached Washington on the 18th, of April lasi for the defense of the National Capital". Gai.usha A. Grow. Speaker of the House of Representatives. Little Lehigh nobly came to the aid of the country as can be seen by the number of men furnished to the different Regiments, (namely 13). Companies I Captain W.H. Gausler, 1st. Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, D. Captain G. D. Hand, 9th, Regiment, 3 months men, C. Captain A. C. Lewis, 46th, Regiment, 3 years men, B. Capt, E. P. Rhoads, F. Capt. H. S. Hart, G. Capt. Charles Mick- lev, I. Capt. A. G. K. Coleman ,K. Capt. George Junkert, 47th, Regiment, Colonel T. H. Good of Allentown was the commander of the Regiment, A. Capt S. H Schneck, 92nd, Regiment, 9th, calvary, D. Capt. John P. Dillinger, G. Capt. W W. Hammersly, 128th, Regiment, 9 months men A. Capt. Levi Schmoyer, B. Capt. S. D. Lehr, D. Capts. David Schaadt and Charles L. Koch, E. Capt. Tilghman Sleiker, G. Capt. L. P. Hecker, I. Capt. A. F. Creitz, K. Capts. S. C. Lee and G. Neitz, 176th, Regiment, 9 months drafted militia, E. Capt. W. H. Seip, 202nd, Regiment, H. Capt. W. H. Miller, 209th, Regiment, Capt. W. Marx, E. Capt. G. B. Schall, H. Capt. W. H Hoffman, 5th, Regiment, militia, H. Capt. I. N.Gregory 27th, Regiment, Emergency troops, 1863, H. Capt. M. H. Home, and part of com- pany C, 38th, Regiment militia, 1863, D. Capt. W. H. Seip, I. Capt. Charles Keck K. Capt, John H. Oliver, 41st, Regiment, militia, 1863, Thus it can be seen that Little Lehigh done its part nobly and well. And that it was just as patriotic as any county of our grand old commonwealth of Penn- sylvania, according to its size and population, and by its aid helped to sustain the Government of the United States. By which help the Government was able to assert its authority and power and show the nations of the World that though a Republic, it could go through severer trials and ordeals then any nation of the old World was ever subject to, and which would have wiped them from the face of the earth. But our Country came out victorious and the glorious old banner, "the Stars and Stripes" once more floated over a united country. As soon as the war had begun, the Commissioners of the county and public took action as soon as the first soldiers had left for the seat of war, to relieve such families as needed help. 17 At a special meeting of the Commissioners, they drew up a petition and pre- sented it to the Court, praying for an appropriation out of the common funds to sup- port the families of those who might be in need, during the absence of the husbands or soldiers who proposed to go and defend their country's flag. It was resolved that 5000 dollars be appropriated for that purpose in installments of 500 dollars each to be distributed at such periods as might be deemed proper. January, 1862, the county tax was raised to 40 cents upon every 100 doll- ars, and the state tax to 25 cents upon every 100 dollars, and a special tax of 50 cents per head for militia purposes. The same year a bounty of 20 dollars for each recruit was offered, (The quoto was 200 men). The Commissioners made an appro- priation of 10, 000 dollars for the purpose. The bounty was afterwards raised to 100 dollars for each recruit, the bounty offered till September 25th, 1862, after which no bounty was paid anymore. April, 1863, the county tax was raised to 50 cents upon the 100 dollars and the state tax 30 cents per 100 dollars. June 30th, 1863, the Commissioners re- solved to give 20 dollars a month to each recroit for services, not exceeding three months, the time being General Lee's Invasion into the State. Captain W. H. Seip's company of 85 men were the first to leave for the field of action. They re- ceived a month pay in advance, the other companies which went at the same time received similar compensation. Our brave and noble soldiers were engaged in mauy a hard conflict, and earned a reputation for bravery and gallant conduct, excelled by none, and many a life was sacrificed to defend the Union. The 1st. Regiment was engaged in the first battle of Bull Run, Virginia, 1861. The 46th, Regimeut was engaged in the capture of Leesburg, Charlestown, Martinsburg, Winchester, Kernstown, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, 1862, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, operat ing along the Rapidan, Virginia, 1863. Transferred to Tennessee to support Gen- eral Rosencranz. Re enlisted in 1864, for a term of three years, helped to fight the battles of Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Pine Knob, Marietta, At- lanta and Savannah, Georgia, 1864, with Sherman through the Carolina's in cap- turing Columbus,Goldsboro and Johnston's army at Raleigh, 1865. Mustered out of service July 16th, 1865, after four years of hard, faithful service. Having lost during that time in killed, wounded prisoners, 300 men. The 47th, Regiment was engaged in many hard conflicts, during its term of service. Served in the Florida campaign, under Geueral Brannan, in Virginia, under General J. J. Stevens, South Carolina under Major General O. M. Mitchell. Captured St. John's Bluff, Jacksonville, Florida, engaged in the battles of Pocota- ligo and Frampton, South Carolina, garrisoned Forts Taylor and Jefferson, Key West, Florida, went to Franklin, Louisiana in 1864, participated in the Red Riv- er expedition under General Banks, fought in the battles of Pleasant Hill, Cave Hill. Transferred to Virginia in the fall of 1864, and helped to drive away the Confederate army from Maryland, under General Hunter, placed under General Sheridan in the Shenandoah campaign helped to fight the battles of Opequau, Win- chester Fisher's Hill, Port Republic and Cepar Creek. 18 After the surrender of General Leu, the Regiment did garrison du'y at Sa- vannah and Charleston. Mustered uut of service after serving 4yeais and 4 months doipg very hard service, during the time it was in the Held, >aw service in 7 states marched 1200 miles, made 12 sea voyages, lost during the time it served in killed, wounded and prisoners, 500 men. The 92nd. Regiment, the Ninth Calvary, saw service iu Kentucky and Tennessee in the battles of Bowling Green, Lebanon, Sparta, Moore's Hill, Totnpkinsville, Richmond, Shelbyville, Pefryville, Watauga Elolston River, Franklin, Rover, Middletowu, Cowan, Lafayette, Chickamauga, Dandridge, New Market, Mossy Creek, Fair Garden, McMinnville, and with Gen- eral Sherman in his march to the sea. And was engaged iu the battles of'Lovejoy Station, Macon, Bear creek, Waynesboro, Buckheod creek, Buckhead church, Ai- ken, Lexiugton, Black Stakes Station, Averysville, Beutouville, llillsboro ami Morrisville. This Regiment had the honor of firing the last gun before the surren- der of General J. E. Johnston at Beutouville and received the Hag of truce sent by General Johnston, asking for the surrender. Mustered out of service, July 12th, 1865, seeing 4 years of hard service, and losing in killed, wounded and prisoners many of its men. It was engaged in the capturing of the rebel General J. H. Mor- gan when he was on his raids in Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. The 128th, Regiment saw service in Virginia, was in the battles of Bull Run, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, in the last named battle it was reduced to 172 men, more then 200 men were taken prisoners. Mustered out of service, May 12th, 1863, at the expiration of its term of service, having done faith- ful service. The 176th, Regiment of drafted militia entered into the service, No- vember 1862,engaged in doing garrison duty in Virginia, North and South Caroli- na. Mustered out of service, August 18th. 1863, at the expiration of term of ser- vice. The 202nd. Regiment saw service in the Shenadoah campaign where it shar- ed with the rest of the of the army the laurels of the same. Mustered out August 3rd. 1865. The 209th, Regiment fought in the battles of Chapin Farms, Fort Stead- man and the battles around Petersburg and the surrender of General Lee at Ap- pomattox Court House. Mustered out May 31st. 1865. The Militia. The 5th, Regiment was called out in 1862, to repel the in- vasion of the Rebel army, and the rapidity with which they moved showed that they knew well the import of their mission. The 27th, Emergency Regiment of 1863, were recruited to help to guard the border of the state from the invasion of General Lee, did not see actual service, but fulfilled its part well. The 38th, Reg- iment of militia of 1863, was also called out to defend the border too, which duty it performed faithfully. The 41st. Regiment which shared with the others the trials of the campaign and fought with great gallantry, at South Mountain. The Allen Guards and the 9th, Regiment were engaged in doing guard duty and paving the way for the others to do the work they so nobly commenced by re- sponding so quickly to their Country's call. Thus it will be. seen the sons of no- ble Lehigh were iu every way in full for their share of the work of bringing and subduing the discontented states and by it we see that they performed their part of the work faithfully, showing that they possess the true qualities of a faithful citizen 19 which when called upon in the hour of need, responded nobly. And if needed, lay down their lives upon the altar of freedom that the nation might live. Then after an interval of 33 years of peace, war broke out between the Unit- ed States and Spain, on account of Spain's mode of warfare in Cuba, and at the call of the President, Little Lehigh responded nobly by sending two tull companies and others who enlisted in other companies. Companies B, Captain Metzgar and D, Cap- Spangler, 4th, Regiment National Guards of Pennsylvania, the Regiment was com- manded by Colonel D. B. Case of Lancaster, Lieutenant Colonel O'Neill of Allen- town. The Regiment saw services in Porto Rico, and they gave a good account of themselves, showing the same spirit of patriotism as the forefathers did i:i the Rev- olutionary war, War of 1812, Mexican war and Civil war, ready at a moments no- tice to answer to their country's call in the hour of need' During the War Times many things happen which are both funny and heart- renting, showing the anxiety of the people. Some are full of life and seem indiffer- ent, while others taking a more serious view of the matter are wishing they could stay at home with their friends. It is a sad thing when the time for parting comes when the wile and children hid husband and father goodbye, friend bids friend goodbye, etc., with the thought on their minds that perhaps they would never to see each other anymore. No one who ha= not witnessed the departure of the sol- diers to the seat of war, can comprehend it. Waving of hands and handkerchiefs, cheering amid the sobs and cries of the dear ones that left. But when the soldiers came back from the war the scene was different, everybody in cheerful glee and trying to do all they could to give the brave defenders of their country and Hag a royal welcome. tin from the Philadelphia road in Salisbury township, crossing the Lehigh River by a ford near the old house on the Geissinger's farm, passing through what is now Rit- tersville and Schoenersville. y. 1'vIDELBERGr. This tjwnjhip is bjundeJ o:i the north by Carbon county, "J | east by Washington tshp., south by Lowhill tshp., west by Lynn tshp. Popu- qc LATION was in 1900, 1411. It was organized as ;t township in 1752, including Lynn and Washington townships, and lies in the northern part of the count v. Soil. The surface is hilly and the Blue Mountains cms- the northern part of the 2b township, Bake Oven ia situated in the north western part, the soil is white gravel and is however, if well cultivated, capable of producing good crop.-. Streams. The principal streams that drain the township, are the Jordan and Trout creeks with a number of smaller streams, and furnish abundant water power for mills and manufactories. Settlers. The settlers were of German descent and were kept constantly in alarm, during the Indian war in the colonies, 1755 — 56. the township was nearly deserted by the settlers, who fled to Bethlehem and other place- for refugefrom the savages who had threatened their lives and properties. The next alarm was when the settlers heard of the North Whitehall massacres, 1763. They belonged to the Lutheran and Reformed denominations, and churches were found all over the township aud were well attended, they strictly adhered to the faith of those churches, and tried their best to bring the'r children up in the precepts of Christianity. They were honest to the core; as the following illustra- tion will show. When a man loaned 8500 or $1000 from his neighbor the lender did not take a note but merely marked down the amount of the money and the time opposite. When the amount or interest was paid it was marked with a piece of chalk upon one of the house joists or on the large house clock. When the mon- ey with interest was due it was always forthcoming and there was hardly a failure. It was considered a crime if one failed to fulfill his agreement. They held to the old maxim ''His word as good as his note" was true of the people in this township. The oldest church in this township is Heidelberg church, organized in 1710 and is one mile east of Saegersville nearly in the centre of the township. Rev.J.F. Schertlein, first Lutheran pastor and Rev. P. J. Michael, first Reformed minister. The settlers of this township were nearly free from Indian incursions, scarcely a murder was committed while nearly all the surounding settlements were destroyed. Fathers Longnour, Kemmerer and others went to Gnauden hutten and assisted in burying the dead after the massacre there. Father Bach- man from Millersvalley near Lynnville, when he heard of the Lynn township murder hastened to the scene and assisted the wounded and burying the dead. Among the ones that were masacred by the Indians were Zeisiof and his family The reason that the settlers were so free from Indian troubles was due to the Provi- dence of God and the fact that no Indian village stood within the limits of the township The nearest one was in Lynn township on the other side of the Blue Mountains and south of the Blue Mountains on the other side of the Lehigh river. An Indian path led in a straight line from Lehigh Gap through Saegers ville over the Schochary Mountains, where a spring was on the lands of Christian Miller, the path passed the/principal Indian villages from the Lehigh Mountains to the Blue Mountains. The first public road laid out, was in 1770, and during the late) years many good roads were made in this township. The highest point in the township is Bake Oven on the top of the Blue Mountains, 1560 feet above the sea level it being the center of the county line of Lehigh and Carbon counties, it has been for years a signal station in tin 1 United r't.ites Coast Survey, a grand view can be had from its summit. Bear Rock, -! miles west from Bake ( hen, is an- 27 other point, 1500 feet above the sea level, there are three rocks standing in a row connected by smaller ones piled on top of each other; it is the dividing line betw Lehigh, Carbon and Schuylkill counties, a fine view can be had from its summit, looking southwest the city of Reading can be seen, the smoke as it pours forth from the stacks of the numerous furnaces, factories* mills etc., by the naked eye. Look- ing south over our county, Allentown and the beautiful Kittatinny valley dotted with thriving towns -and villages can be distinctly seen by the naked eye, 20 miles distance. Viewing Carbon county, Switch Back, Delaware Water Gap, etc., are seen distinctly. Tourists who have travelled the world over express themselves thus, that with the exception of the Alps scenery, the scenery that oue can from Bear Rook presents the grandest view that can be met with anywhere. Mechanical industries, in 1832 a Kifie factory was established by Philip Hess jr. Imile west of Ballietts furnace on a road leading from the road from Saegers villc to Lehighton across the mountains, the road is still known as the factory road; it was in successful operation for a longtime and is now used as a distillery, Th'e. first grist mill was erected in 1808 by John J. Snyder, on Jordan creek now known as Kressley mill. Education. The schools compare favorably with the schools of the other townships in the county, and are steadily advancing, the teachers are •progressive, and the Board of Directors are energetic, doing the best for the school - under their supervision. VILLAGES. Saeoersville, a post village situated miles west of Slat ington' contains a carriage factory, hotel, several stores, post office, which was es tablished in 1829, daily mail, and tannery. It was founded in 1760, population was in 1900, 460. Deibertsville is situated 2 miles east of Saegersville, contains a post office and a number of dwellings, founded in 1842, population in 1900 was 60. Germansville, 1 mile west of Saegersville' e contains a store, ■ hotel, machine shop, brick kiln po'st office, on the Schuylkill arid Lehigh R. R. Founded in 1742. by Adam German, population in 1900 was 120. "Plesant Corner is 1! miles southwest of Saegersville, contains a store, hotel, grist mill, founded in 1744. by Jonn'Rice, populsirri'oif in 1VW0, The Schuylkill and Lehigh R. R passes through the towuship, jnvini_ r an outlet to tie- farmers for their products. ! ■■-•,. \ ' P '.■-'- '<*• i J( )\t'EPt MACUNGIE. "founded on the northeast by Salisbury township, south east by Upper frfjlford township, northwest by Upper Macungie township, southwest by Berks county. Population was in 1900; 2920. Soil. It is one of the richest townships in the county, the soil is very fertile and productive, and is of a limestone formation, rich and valuable hematite ore are found and the Flats near East Texas in this township, are very rich in iroq ore. STREAMS. The principal streams that drain tho township, are the Little Lehigh and Swabia creeks. Industries are the Lockridge furnace near Alburtis, Macungie furnace, Hour mills. The people are largely engaged in farming, mining, dairy and trucking. Educa tion. The schools are in a fine conditon and compare favorably with the schools the county, the teachers and directors are working to gether tor the welfare and advancement of the schools under their supervision. Settlement. The first 28 tlement was made in 1738, by some German settlers led by Michael Schaeffer, iieai Macungie. VILLAGES. Centerville ie a suburb of Macungie, contains a hotel, store, Bcboolbuuse and a number of dwelling houses, the Electric road passes through the town, post office, Macung*ie, population, 1900, was 360. ALBURTIS on the East Pennsylvania Branch of the P. and R. Railroad and the terminus of the Catasauqua and Fogelsville Branch of the same railroad, is a thriving town, and had several stores, hotels, silk mill, and other factories, post office, school bouse, con taining three schools, its population in 1900 was 780, founded in 1857. East Tex- as, a small village 7 miles from Allentown, the Allen town and Kutztown Electric road passes through it, it contains a store, hotels, schoolhouse, postoffice, population, 1900, GO. WesCOESVILLE, a small village, 5 miles from Allentown, has a store, hotel, church and school house, the A. and K. Electic road passes through the village, population, 1900, 70. s[»OWER MILFOD. Lies in the southern part of the county, and is bounded on m the northeast by Upper Saucon township, southwest by Bucks county, north- C7 west by Upper Milford township, southwest by Montgomery county. Popu- lation according to the census of 1900 was 1233. Organized as a separate township in 1847. Soil The soil is very fertile, being shale and gravel and pro- ductive, the surface is very irregular, farming is the principal pursuit of the people, Iron ore is found in some parts of the township, Hills, the following hills are within the township, Hosensack Hill (Muehlberg) in the southern part, Chestnut Hills in the northeastern part, Mossers Ridge (Dillingers) in the northwestern part, Mill Ridge in the central part. Creeks. Hosensack creek rises on the west side of Chestnut Hill, flows south into the Perkiomen creek, Dubbs, Eberhard, Dickenshied, Schantz, Walter, Indian, Trump, Swamp, Hickens, Saucon, Kraussand Ortt's creeks arc the others that drain the township. Settlements. The first settlement was undoubtedly made in 1715, about i mile west of the Swamp Church, the building was still standing a few years ago and the date 1715 could be. still seen on the man- tel piece, the early settlers came principally from Germany as can be seen by the names of Schuler, Eberhard, Ortt, Yeakel, etc. OLD LAND MARKS. The old roads are, Old King's High Road and the Great Philadelphia Roads pass through the township, Walbert's tavern near Krauss- dale was founded in 1735, is now abandoned, Larosch's tavern, between Hosensack and Zionsville on the property of the late Dr. John Ziegler, was opened in 1786, and is now abandoned, the Swamp Church built first in 1730, near the county line of Lehigh and Bucks counties, on the road leading from Dillingersville to Spinners, ville, it belongs to the Reformed Denomination. Chestnut Hill Union Church (L and 11. Denominations) was founded in 1740, Schwenkfelder's Church was founded in 1755. Education. Schools were early established and among the first schools were those at the Swamp Church, 1725 —30, Hosensack, 1734, Chestnut Hill is not known, Kraussdale, 1842, the schools at the present time compare favorable with the schools of the other townships, there are 11 schools and the term is 7 months. Industries. .John and Andrew Krauss, sons of Baltzer Krauss jr. built their 29 first Organ iu 1790, and continued the business in the vicinity of Kraussdale until 1840, when they moved their manufactory to Palm, Montgomery county and there continued by George S. and Edwin B. Krauss for a long time. The first grist mill was built in 1745 near Hosensack on the Hosensack creek, and was known as the Kriebel's mill, Schantz's mill, 1800, Gehrhard's mill, 1785, StaufFer's mill, 1786, Heiler's mill. 1780, Heist's (Walter's) mill, 1790 and Dubb's mill, 1800, are the mills that were built over a century ago. Among the other industries were Antrim's Casement mill, Dubb's Pottery, Dillinger's Oil mill, Burkhalter's aud Dubb's Tanneries and Dubb's Forge. Limestones are found in large quantities aud limekilns for burning lime found everywhere. There are four Creameries in the township: namely, at Hosensack, Kraussdale, Limeport and Plo- ver, all cf which are doing a large business. VILLAGES. Dillingersville is situated on the road leading from Zions- ville to Spinnersville, was founded in 1735, contains a store, hotel and post office, is the electiou place of the township. Population, 1900, 50. Hosensack is situat- ed on the old King's High Road, 12 miles southwest of Alleutown, aud it was found- ed in 1759,containsa store, hotel, creamery and post office. The Farmer's Alliance of the lower end of the county have their headquarters here and are in a good con- dition. Population, 1900, 75. Limeport is on the road leading from Allen town to Steinsburg, founded in 1825, and contains 2 stores, 2 hotels, post office, creamery, limestone quarries and lime kilns. Population in 1900, 100. Kraussdale, on the old King's High Road, founded in 1735, contains a creamery, grist mill and the machine shops of Krauss Brothers were until lately located here. Population iu 1900, 30. Corning, on the Perkiomen R. R. coctains a store, post office and coal yard. Population iu 1900, 30. Plover, on the road leading from Dillingersville to the Sworap Church, contains a store, creamery and post office, founded in 1881, by W. R. Schuler. Population in 1900. 25. tOWHILL. Bounded on the north by Heibelberg and Lynn, on the east bv North Whitehall, on the south by Upper Macungie and South Whitehall and on the west by Weisenberg. Population, 1900, 715. It is the smallest township in the county, was organized in 1753. Streams. The principal streams flowing through the township are Jordan and Lyon Creeks they furnish water pow- er for a number of mills. Soil. The soil is very fertile, the principal grains are raised and potatoes extensively cultivated. The surface is hilly and abounds in springs. The principal occupation of the people is farming. Early Settle- ments. The first land warrant was made in 1743 to John Conrad Redd. The other settlers were Henry Hauser, Michael Kimbald, Richard Vodgas, John Rifle and others, OLD LAND MARKS. Mosser's mill (Hollenbach's) built in 1760. Balt- zer Fritz kept the first store in the township on the road leading from Fogelsville to Claussdale. Lowhill church was built in 1769, in the northwestern part of the township. The third building was erected in 1858. Morganland churce is in the southeastern part, was built in 1858, the first publec house was opened before the Revolutionary War at Leather Corner Post, and one of the first public roads was 30 laid out in 1813, from Christian Hartrnan's house to the Great Philadelphia mad Education, The schools are comparing well with the schools of the surrounding townships, the 6rst schools were established in connectioD with the church, among the earlier teachers were John David jr. Jacob Mart, John Benner and Is red I B< n i j e 1 The 6rs1 public house wasopened before the Revolutionary war at Lcathei Corner Posti; One of the first public roads was. laid out in 1813, from Christian Hard man's house to the Great Philadelphia Road. VILLAGES. Weidasville, founded in 1765. Popu ation. 1900, 100. Contains a store, hotel, grist mill, saw mill and post office. Lyon Vai,li:y. found ed in 1845. Population,. 1900, 200. Contains a store, hotel and post office Clausville, founded in 1801. Population. 1900,. 132, Contains a store, hotel and post office. Leather Corner Post, the oldest village in the township con- tains a store and hotel. ^\YNN. Bounded on the north by Schuylkill county, cast by Heidelberg, south ill by Weisenberg, west .by Berks- county. Population, 1000, 236.6. Oiuan: rf zed in 1752. Soil. The soil is productive, grain and other cereals are raised The principal occupation of the people is farming- The ijrst mill in the township and probably the first in the county was erected on SwitjggrV Creek in- 1740, \ mil< below where Greenwald's mill now stands. The first engjish school was established in 1812, -other schools connected with the congregations existed earlier. . free School system adopted in 1838. Ebenezer Church at New Tripoli erected in 1701. Jacob's church, Jacksonville was first built in 1750, St. Peter's church, south of Lynnville, was built in 1857. VILLAGES. New Tripoli, founded in 1812, was first called Saegersvilh and was changed in 1816 to New Tripoli in honor of the success of the American navy at Tripoli, 1815. The town is regularly laid out the streets running north and south, east and west at right angles and mostly uamed after prominent men of the United State'.. Has a number of stores, hotels, post office and mills. Population in 1900,400. Jacksonville, founded in 1820. contains stores, hotels, post office and a church. Population, 1900, 329. Steinbville, founded in 175b, and is sit- uated in the center of slate quarries, contains stores, hotels, post office, marbleyard t mills and foundery. Population was in 1900, 596. Lynnville, founded in 1806, contains a store, hotel, post office and a schoolhouse. Population, 1900* 168 Os- waldsville, now Raber's Corner was rounded in 1860, contains a store and hotel. Population, 1900, 2(1. LyNNPORT, founded in 1814, contains a store, hotel, post office mantel factory and a schoolhouse. Population, 1900,188. New Sudkdajj^vii.- founded in 1854, being in the center of the township, is the election place since 1879., contains a store, hotel, and post office. Population, 1900, 100. UORTH WHITEHALL. Bounded on the. northeast by Northampton county J J and Whitehall, southeast by South Whitehall, north west by Washington and q* 1 southwest by Lowhill. Population was in 1900, 3280, Organized in 1753. Soil. Thesurface is undulatingand the soil is very fertile, and all the prici- pal grains are raised. MINERALS, iron ore. limestone and slate are found in large 31 quantities Streams, The principal streams that drain the township are the Jot- dan, Rock, Fell's, Mill and Coplay creeks, on the banks of the Mill creek were committed the Indian massacres of 1763. The people are engaged in farming, min ing and manufacturing. EDUCATION. The schools are among the best in the county, the first school was established in 1755, what is now Unionville, the first English school was established at Balliettsville in 1816. Union church is the oldast church and was built in 1750, the first Reformed minister was Rev. John D. Gross, and the first Lutheran minister was Rev. John H. Schaum. VILLAGES. Balliettsville, founded in 1741) by Paul Balliett. contains a store, hotel and post office, its population in 1900 was 120. Unionville, found- ed in 1815, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 100. Iron- ton, founded in 1860, is situated in a rich mining district and connectd with Cop- lay by the Ironton R. R., contains stores, hotels and post office. Population, 1900 300. Ruchsville, founded in 1800, contains a store, hotel and post office. Pop- ulation, 1900, 112, Siegersville, founded in 1750, contains a store, hotel and post office, is situated in a rich mining district. Population, 1900, 125. Schnecks villi:, founded in 1845, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 20. Laury, founded in 1832, contains stores, hotels, Lehigh Valley Supply house and Repair shops, flour mills and post office, and Laury's Island in the Lehigh Riv er is a wellknown summer resort. Population, 1900, 250. Rockdale, founded in 1856, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 150. Kerns- villi:, founded in 1806, contains a store and hotel. Population, 1900, 60. SALISBURY. Bounded on the northeast by the Lehigh River, northwest by \ Whitehall, southeast by Upper Saucon, southwest by Upper Milford and Low- <5 f er Macungie. Population, 1900, 4583. Organized in 1753 as a township. Soil. The surface is rolling and the soil very fertile and productive. The Lehigh Mountains form the southern boundary, between Salisbury and Upper Sau- con. Streams. The most important streams that drain the township are the Little Lehigh, Trout and Little Trout creeks. Occupations. Farming, manufacturing and mining. Iron ore is found along the Lehigh Mountains. Settlements. The first settlement was made in 1736, on what is now the Geissinger's farm on the Le- high River, by Solomon Jennings. OLD LAND MARKS. The first public house licensed in 1786, and kept by Martin Ritter. Salisbury church built in 1741 is situated on a hill overlooking the Little Lehigh creek, \\ miles north of Emaus, the first Lutheran minister was the Rev- J. W. Straub, the first Reformed minister known was the Rev. J. P. Ley- dich, Jerusalem church, tradition says that over a hundred years ago a church stood on the site of the present one, the graveyaad belonging to it is still in use, the present church was erected in 1843, the first Lutheran minister of the present church was the late venerable Rev. Joshua Yeager, the first Reformed minister was the Rev. Max Stem, the Mouutainville Evangelical church was built in 180:1. EDUCATION. Salisbury had a few schools originally, those living near 32 Bethlehem sent their children to that place, those living near Emails to that place and those living in the vicinity of the Salisbury church to that place* One of the oldest schoolhouses was Markle's built in 1820, the schools are in a tine condition and compare well with the other schools of the county. VILLAGES. Mountainville, founded in 1*56, contains stores, hotels, church, carriage factory and post office, is on the Allentown and Coopersburg Turn pike and Allentown and Emaus Electric Road. Population, 1900, 250. South AUjENTOWN, a suburb of Allentown. contains a number of stores, hotels, churches flour mill, furnace, and the Allentown and Bethlehem Electric Road passes through it Population, 1900, 1000. The State Fishery in the western part of Salisbury, is a fine place for pleasure parties and the fish hatchery is well worth visiting. /W.OUTH WHITEHALL. Bounded on the northwest by North Whitehall, north j£ east by Whitehall, southeast by Salisbury and southwest by Upper and Low- *T er Macungie. Population, 1900, 2472, Soil. The surface is generally level with the excepton of Huckleberry Ridge which runs east to west for about 2 miles, the soil is very fertile and productive. Organized as a separate town- ship in 1810, and was formerly included in Whitehall township, (which included the three Whitehalls). Streams. The two principal streams are the Jordan creek which flows through the northern part, Cedar creek which flows through the south- ern part. Settlements. The first settlement was made in 1735, by Nicholas Kern. The Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. R. passes through the township and is an outlet for the numerous iron mines along its route, it crosses Jordan creek by the famous Iron Bridge which spans it, the length of which is 1165 feet, consisting of 11 spans af 100 feet each supported by a series of suspension trusses. OLD LAND MARKS. Thaold roads are the Allentown and Easton and the Mauch Chunk roads. The Jordan Lutheran church is the oldest in the town- ship, fouded in 1744, the minister was the Rev. Berkenstock, Jordan Reformed church founded in 1752, the first minister was the Rev. J. H. Goetchius, Cedarville Union church founded in 1855, the first Lutheran minister was Rev. Jeremiah Schindel, the first Reformed minister was Rev. Joseph Dubbs. The same year the Evangelical chu rch was built. EDUCATION. The earliest schools of the township were those that were connected with the Jordan Lutheran and Reformed churches and were opened the same time. The schools of the township are up with the other schools of the county VILLAGES. Cel>arville(Cetro>"ia), founded in 1850, by CharlesMertz contains a store, hotel, 3 churches, flour mills and post office. Dorney's Fish Wi-, er and Park a quarter mile west, is a fine summer resort, the Allentown and Kutz- town Electric Road passes the village and Dorney's Park. Population, 1900, 150. Crackersport, a small village contains a store, hotel and carriage factory. Pop- lation, 1900, 90. Griesemerville, founded in 1806, by Abraham Griesemer, con tains a hotel, limekilns and the Duck Farm is located here, the A. and K. Eclectic road passes through it. Population, 1900. 150. Guthsville, founded in 1780 contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 50. Mechanicisville* founded in 1823 by John Scheirer, contains a store and hotel. Population, 1900' 33 125. Orkfield, founded in 1813 by Joseph Kern, contains a store, hotel, post office, etc. Population, 1900, 164. Wemnersville, founded in 1837 by William Wen- ner, contains a store, hotel, schoolhouse and church. Population, 1900, 40. Sny- dersville, founded in 1835 by George Snyder, contains a hotel and some dwell- ings. Population, 1900, 25. Guth's Station, on the C. and F. R. R., contains a store, hotel, etc. Population, 1900, 40. VrPPER MACUNGIE. Bounded on the northeast by South Whitehall, south- J J east by Lower Macungie, northwest by Lowhill and Weissenberg and on the Cr southwest by Berks county. The meaning of the word Macungie is of Ind- ian origen and means the "eating place of bears." When food became scarce upon the mountains the bears came to the valleys below for food, hence the name, Population was in 1900, 2084. Organized as a township in 1742. Settlement. The first settlement was made in 1729 at Spring Creek near Trexlertown, later known as the Schwartz farm by Jeremiah Trexler and children. The first public road through the township was made in 1732, from Trexlertown to Goshenhoppen. Soil. The surface is level, the soil is fertile and productive, and is of limestone for- mation. Minerals. Iron ore and limestones are found in large quantities in the vicinities of Fogelsville, Breinigsville aud Trexlertown, the Catasauqua and Fogels- ville R. R. passes through the township and is an outlet for the same. Streams. The principal streams that drain the township are the Macungie creek which flows southeast into the Spring creek, Spring creek flows into the Little Lehigh creek, Haas creek flows in the northern part and empties into the Jordan creek, Cedar creek, in the southeastern part rises in Schantz spring, and empties into the Little Lehigh creek at Schreiber's Mill, turning many mills in its course. Schantz Spring is a very large spring, such a volume of water comes forth that a grist mill and a saw mill are running by the water power furnished by the same. VILLAGES. Breinigsville, contains stores, hotels, schools, churches and post office, aud the A. and K. trolley line passes through the village. Popu- lation, 1900, 213. Chapman's, on the C. and F. R. R., contains a store, hotel, post office and a coal and lumber yard. Population, 1900, 60. Trexlertown, the oldest town in the township and is on the C. and F. R. R. and on the A. and K. trolley line, 8 miles from Allentown, contains stores, hotels, a Lutheran and Re- formed church, post, office, coal and lumber yards, graded school and Masonic Hall. Population, 1900, 345. Fogelsville, founded in 1798 by Judge John Fogel, contains stores, hotels, churches, schools, post office and a coal, grain and lumber depot, on the C. and F. R. R. Population, 1900, 638. iPPER MILFORD. Bounded on the northeast by Salisbury and Upper Sau- con, southeast by Lower Milford, northwest, by Lower Macungie, southwest by Berks county. The form is rectangular and formed into a separate town- ship in 1852. Population was in 1900, 2712. Soil, The surface is hilly and the soil is fertile, being principally gravel and red shale, productive. Iron ore of different kinds are found. Streams. Perkiomen creek flows through the west- ern part in the form of a horse shoe, Leibert's creek is in the northeastern part and 34 flows through Leibert's Gap and empties into the Little Lehigh creek, Fetterman's creek is in the northern part empties into Leibert's creek at Veia Cruz, Miller' creek is in the northern part empties into the Little Lehigh creek. Settlements. The lirst settlement was made at or near old Zionsville iii 17.'!">. by the Mennonites The township was organized in 1 7-'*4, included at first in Bucks county. OLD LAND MARKS. The first mad was the King's High road leading through Shimerville and Zionsville from Trexlertown to Goshenhoppen, L736, the second road was the Great Philadelphia road, laid out in 171<>. it began at the King's High road to Mauch Chunk, the third road was laid out at the same time from Emaus to Chestnut Hill. Among the old sites are Fisher's tavern between Shimerville and Macungie, on the King's High road, opened prior to 1795, by Ja- cob Fisher, the properly being now owned by the late Hon. < '. II. Foster of Jack- sonville, Lehigh canity, Seider's tavern, opened in 17-So by George Seiders, on the Gaeat Philadelphia road upon the property now owned by the Hun. L. II. Wieand. The early churches were Zionsville Reformed church founded in 1750, Lev. John E. Hecker was the first minister. Zionsville Lutheran church founded in 1735, Rev. L, H. Schreoke was the first minister. The Mennonite church founded in 1735. the first minister is not known, St. Peter's church founded in 1843, Revs. D. Kohler and H. Bassler the first Lutheran and Reformed ministers. The Evangel- cal founded in 1830 by Bishop John Seybert; the Mennonite Brethern church founded in 1857 by the Rev, William Gehman, who had withdrawn from the Men- nonite church on account of differences of religious doctrine. EDUCATION. The first schools were established in connection with the founding of the first settlements, in 1735 by the Mennonites at Zionsville, the schools of the township compare well with the schools of the rest of the county, there are at present 15 schools both graded and ungraded, term 7 months. VILLAGES. Old Zionsville, founded in 17o4, on the old King's High road and Hereford & Shimerville turnpike, contains 4stores, a hotel, 2churches]and post office. Population, 1900; 160. Zionsville, founded in 1876, on thePerkio- men R. R., contains a store, hotel, coal yard, flour and feed store and post office. Population, 1900, 100. Shimerville, on the old King's High road and II. and S, turnpike, founded in 1734 by Durk Jansen, contains a store, hotel and post office, Population, 1900. 40, Powder Valley, on the Indian creek, contains a store, pottery and post office. Population, 1900, 25. Sigmund, situated in the Perkio- men valley and on the site where Hampton Furnace stood and whose ruins can still be seen, contains a store, creamery and post office. Population, 1900, 20. Ykra Cruz, on the Great Philadelphia road, founded in 1763, contains a store, hotel, creamery and post office. Population, 1900, 106. Vera Cruz Station, on the Perkiomen R. R., contains a flour and feed store, coal yard and depot. Pop- ulation, 1900, 30. Dillinger's, Perkiomen R. R., contains a store, flour and feed store, coal yard and post office. Population, 1900, 20. West Emaus, a suburb of Emaus, contains several hotels, Printing office, pipe works, furnace, meat mark- et, 2 coal and lumber yards and Miller's Park. Populatirn, 1900, 500. 35 fPPER SAUCON. Bounded on the northeast by Lower Saucon township, Nor- thampton county, southeast by Springfield township, Bucks county, northwest by Salisbury, southwest by Upper Milford. Population, in 1900, 2271 Soil. The surface is diversified, the Lehigh or South Mountains are in the northern part, The valleys are of limestone formation, the soil is very fertile and highly cultivated and large crops are raised, Minerals. Iron ore, limestones are found in quantities, and the famous zinc mines of Friedensville are in this township. Streams. The township is well drained by the numerous small streams that flow through it, Saucon creek is the principal one and a number of mills are turned by it. Skttlements. The first settlement was made near Coopersbur? in 1730, by Eng- lish, German and Welsh settlers. Organized as a township in 1743. OLD LAND MARKS. The first public road was laid out in 1750, from Heller's tavern, Lanark across the Lehigh Mountains. The Mennonite Meeting House near Coopersburg was first built in 1738, Blue church, (Lutheran and Re- formed) founded in 1740, the first Lutharan minister was Rev. Henry M. Muhlen" berg, the first Reformed minister was Rev. Mr. Hoffmeier, Friedensville church founded in 1793, the first Lutheran minister was Rev. John C. Yeager, the first Re- formed minister was Rev. John H. Hoffmeier, the Mennonite Brethern in Christ Meeting House founded in 1863, the Rev. Abel Strawn, first minister, M. E. church Friedensville was founded in 1S63 by Rev. M. B. Durrell, Free Methodist church, Centre Valley was founded in 1883 by Rev. Manshart. The Spring House and Bethlehem, and Allentown and Coopersburg turn- pikes pass through the township. The North Pennsylvania branch of the Phila- delphia and Reading R. R., passes also through it, affording an easy outlet for the products raised and produced by the farmers. EDUCATION. The first school was established in 1738 near Coopers- burg, the schools are in an excellent condition and keep apace with the schools of the other townships of the county. VILLAGES. Centre Valley, on the North Pennsylvania R. R., eon- tains a number of stores, hotels, a church, a mill and post office. Population, 1900, 527. Friedensville, contains several stores, hotels, churches and post office, and the famous Zinc mines are located here. Population, 1900, 363. Locust Yallly Sfring Valley and Lanark, small post villages and contain each a store and a hotel, There are also several creameries within the township. The following anecdote of the early settlers has been told the writer by one whose grandfather had been at the place where happened. On a certain day an Indian came to the blacksmith shop at Lanark, to have some work done, when the blacksmith told him that if he would furnish the fuel he would do the work, and the' Indian said if that was all that was required he would get him some coal, and he went away and soon returned with coal enough to have his work done, where about he got his coal is a mystery till this day, rumor has spread time and time again that the Lehigh Mountains contain a deposit of coal and search for it has been made in vain thus far to discover the place where the Indian got his coal. 36 iASHINGTON. Bounded on the north by Carbon county, northeast by Nor- thampton county, southeast by North Whitehall, west by Heidelberg. Pop- •*■' ulation, 1900j 3096. Organized ns a township in 1847. Soil. The sur- face is generally level, the toil is very fertile and the grains raised are simi- lar to those of the surrounding townships, and slate is the principal iudusl ry, thi y are found in large quantities all over the township, the slate arc used for roofing slate, school slates, black hoard surface, etc. Streams. The principal streams that drain the township arc the Trout and Little Trout creeks Settlement. The fijst settlement was made in 1 7 4 12 , between Unionville and Slatington by Casper Peters. EDUCATION. The first school of which there is any record was estab- lished in 1^12, and the schools at the present time are equal to the schools of t ho surrounding townships, they are steadily advancing. VILLAGES. Friepensville, founded in 1847 contains a -tore and a church, (Lutheran and Reformed). Population, 1900. 100. Slatedale, on the Berks and Lehigh R. R., contains stores, hotels, churches and post office. Popu- lation, 1900, 400. Williamstown, contains a store, hotel and church. Popula- tion, 1900, 150. Franklin, contains a store, hotel and slate mantel factory, etc Population, 1900, 100. iHITEHALL. Bounded on the north by North Whitehall, east by Northamp- ton county and Hanover, south by Allentown, west by South Whitehall Organized in 1807. POPULATION, 1900, 79o5. Soil.. The soil is very fer- tile and of limestone formation, slate and gravel, iron ore and slate are found in large quantities. Strkams. The principal streams that dr?in the township are the Jordan, Coplay and Mill creeks. The Lehigh Valley and Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. Us., pass through the township and afford an easy outlet for the pro- ducts of the farmers, the iron ore, slate and cement. Settlement. The first set- tlement was made near Egypt in 1733, by s mio emigrants from Germany, EDUCATION. The first school iu the township was in connection with the E<*ypt church, 1733, the schools of the township are among the best in the county, there are both graded and ungraded, term 9 months. Occupation. The people are employed in farming, dairying, mining, quar- ryiug and manufacturing. Cement works are found at Egypt and Cetnenton. VILLAGES. Whitehall, founded in 1770, by John Siegfried, contains stores, hotels, churches, post office and is on the Lehigh Valley R. R. Population, 1!)0(), 300. West Catasauqua, a sub urb of Catasauqua and contains stores, ho- tels, founderies, manufactories of various kinds and graded schools. Population, 1001), 1500. Fulleutox, founded in 1862, contains car shops, wheel and forge works, rolling mill, foundery, stores, hotels, churches, schools and post office. ( )n the Lehigh Valley R. R. Population, 1900, 650. Egypt, founded in 1733, contains stores, hotel', churches, schools and post office, the first church in the town- ship was built at this place in 1733. Population, 1900, 380. Ccraentou, Laury's, Mickley's are growing towns along the Lehigh Valley R. R. and have post offices. 37 Catasauqua, Egypt, Fullertou and Siegfried are connected with Alleutowu by E- lectric roads. 77IEISSENBERG. Bounded on the northeast by Lowhill, southeast by Upper W Macungie, northwest by Lynn, southwest by Berks county. Population* 1900, 1366. Soil. The surface hilly and broken, the soil is gravel, being well cultivated usually large crops are raised. Streams. The following streams drain the township, the Jordan, Spring, Schafier's run, Haas, Lyon, Wil- low, Weiss, Holben, Sweitzer and Silver creeks. Farming aud manufacturing are the principal pursuits of the people. Tanneries and distilleries are the principal. Settlments. The first settlement was made in 1734, in the vicinity of the Ziegle's church by people from Palatinate and Switzerland. OLD LAND MARKS. Ziegle's church founded in 1744, Rev. Jacob Schertlein was the first Lutheran minister and Rev. P. J- Michael was the first Re- formed minister, Weissenberg church in the northeast corner of the township wag founded in 1754, Rev. Jacob F. Schertlein was the first Lutheran minister. Rev. R. Kidenweiler was the first Reformed minister. EDUCATION. The first schools were established as soon as the first set- tlements were made, the schools of the township are making the same progress as in the surrounding townships, term is 7 mouths. VILLAGES, Seipstown, founded in 1820, contains stores, hotel, church, post office. Population, 1900, 200. Hynemansviple, founded in 1740, is in the central part, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 100. Sei- berlingsville, founded in 1790, contains a store, hotel post office, Population, 1 900, 25. New Smithville, founded in 1812, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 30. Werleysville, founded in 183S, coutains a store, hotel etc. Population, 1900,30. CHAPTER X. County Seat and Boroughs. LLENTOWN. ["he- only city in Lehigh county is the county seat, Allentown, J the Queen city of the Valley, was founded in 1762 by James Allen from H whom it received its name. The first settlement was however made in 1751, is beautifully situated on the west banks of the Lehigh river and the mouths of Jordan and the Little Lehigh creeks. Es beautifully laid out, the streets run north and south', east and west, crossing each ether at right angles, Hamilton 6tre< I running east and west is the principal thoroughfare and over two miles long, it has a fine public square at 7th and Hamilton streets formerly called Ceutre Square, now called Monument Square on account ofthe beautiful monument erected there to the memory of the Soldiers and Sailors of the Civil War, 1861 65. The hi«-h flood of 1841, the failure ofthe Northampton Bank in 1843 and the great hre of 1848, is known as the disastrous decade, out of which t . F. Trexler, both ofthe last named papers have large circulations, the Lecha Pataiot, a weekly paper founded in 1828 by .John D. Roney, and the Lecha Bote, a tri-weekly founded in 1869, have been discontinued. The English papers published are the Democrat, 1837, the. Lehigh Register, 1846, are two large week- lies and have large circulations, the dailies are the Chronicle and News, City Item and Morning Call, all of which have large circulations. The following papers hail bein published ami merged into the other daily papers; Daily News and Daily Herald. Several religious papers are also published. The National Educator, I860 b\ Rev Dr. A. It. Home, an educational paper which has a large circulation anion- the teachers of Lehigh and neighboring counties. 39 EDUCATION. Schools were early established and instruction was given in both the English and German languages. The English teachers came from the Irish settlements, Allen township, Northampton' County. Mr. Brown was the name of the first teacher known, and taken as a whole the teachers were able instructors. The schools were kept in private houses until 1773, when the first schoolhouse was erected in the rear of what is now Zion's Reformed Church, and was in the shape of an Octagon. The schools of that time were all subscription schools. A school for girls was opened in 1813, night schools were in operation trom 1813 to 1845. Al- lentown Academy was opened in 1831, a Ladies Seminary, in 1848. By Act of Assembly, the borough of Allentowu, Salisbury and Northampton townships paid .$421.71 in 1824, for the instruction of their poor children. In 1833, Allentown alone paid for the same purpose $434.77. The free school system was adopted in 1834, and since then theschools^ave made rapid progress and are at present in the front rank of the schools of the state The schools are under the supevision of the city superintendent, of schools. The high school was established in 1858. The first principal of the high school was Prof. K. W. Alpine, the first city superintendent of schools, Prof. R. K. Buehrle, the first graduating class of the high school in 1869. Muhlenberg College belong- ing to the Lutheran church, and Allentown Female College belonging to the Re- formed church, are two well and widely known institutions of higher learning, and afford all the requirements necessary for a complete collegiate education, and the Allentown and the American Business Colleges are located in the city and are well patronized by the community. DENOMINATIONS. The following religious denominations have a strong foothold in the city, the Lutheran, Reformed, Presbyterians, Baptist, United Breth- ern, Free Methodist, Evangelical Association, United Evaugelical, Methodist Epis- copal and Catholics, all of which have fine church edifices. The Jews, Mennonite Brethern in Christ, Moravians and others are represented but have no churches of their own and worship in halls and other piaces. SOCIETIES. There are many secret and beneficial societies which have a large membership. And the city has several of the finest bauds that can be found in any city, and other fine musical organizations, TRANSPORTION FACILITIES. The following rail roads terminate and pass through the city, giving it great facilities for traveling and for transpor- tation, east, west, north and south, to New York, Philadelphia, Buflalo, Chicago, the coal regions and other points: the Lehigh Valley R. R. and Lehigh and Sus- quehanna R, R. give it communication with the east and west, the Philadelphia and Reading R. R. with its branches connects it north and south, and the Perkio- men R. R. to Philadelphia. And Electric roads connects it with Bethlehem. Ban- gor, Catasauqua, Coplay, Easton, Egypt, Emaus, Hellertown, Macungie, Nazareth, Siegfried and intermediate points. HISTORY. Incorporated as a borough in 1811, called Northampton, the name changed to Allentown in 1838, became the county seat in 1812, made a city in 1867; its limits include the township of Northampton and adjacent parts of Sal- 40 isbury and Whitehall townships, containing 3.14 square miles or 2011.27 acres The lirst store was opened by Peter Snyder in 1794,11)6 second store, by George Graff near tbe Monument Square in 1795, in a red building, which was taken pos- session of in 1800 by James Wilson and continued by the .same until 1815 when he took into partnership Mr. Selfridge. trading as Wilson it Selfridge till 1845. Tbe tirt hotel was opened in 1764 by George Wolf, tbe iir.st post ofHce established in 1812, before that time the people received their mail at Bethlehem, George Sa- vitz, the first postmaster. First Burgess, Peter Khoads, 1811, the first Mayor, Sam- uel McHose, 1807. Population, 1900, 35,410. yTATASAUQUA. This thriving borough is situated on the left bank of the Le \j high river, 3 miles north of Allentowu with which it is connected by an Elec- tric road, the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh and Susquehanna K. K.s, and the eastern terminus of the Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. R. It was founded in 1839 Population, 1900, 3,9615. It derived its name from the creek of the same name which empties into the Lehigh river below the town, it is an Indian name. Incor- porated as a borough in 1853. It is busy manufacturing town, the following are the principal works; the Crane Iron works founded by David Thomas, Catasauqua Manufacturing Compa- ny, founderies; Rolling mill, Horseshoe works, Fire brick works, Planing mills, Grist mills, Gas works, Water works, Silk mills and several Newspapers. The Religious Denominations of the town are the Lutheran, Reformed, Con gregational, Presbyterians, Baptist, Evangelical Association, United Evangelical and Catholic. EDUCATION. Before it was incorporated as a borough, the schools of the township were embraced in the Hanover School district, the first school within the borough was located on Race street. All the school buildings are of brick struct ure and of modern improvement. The High school was established in 1863, R. C. Hammersly was the first principal of the high school. COPLAY, Founded in 1853, Population, 1900, 1581. Is situated on the same side of the Lehigh river as Hokendauqua, and was the ?eat of the Cop- lay iron works and has Cement works, a number of stores, hotels, churches, graded schools and the Lehigh Valley R. R. passes through it, and is connected with Allentown by an Electric road. fTOOPERSBURG. Founded in 1818. Population, 1900,556. on the North \j Pennsylvania R. R contains stores, hotels, factories, churches, graded schools and Cooper's Stock farm. Incorporated as a borough in 1879. e MAI'S. Founded in 1747 by the Moravians. Population, 1900, 1468. Is on the East Pennsylvania Branch of the P. and R. Railroad and the Perkiomen Railroad, contains stores, hotels, silk mill, cigar factories, furnace, foundery, graded sehools and churches. Incorporated as a borough in 1859. And connected with Allentown by the Allentown and Emaus P^lectric road. TOUNTAINHILL. A suburb of South Bethlehem, founded in 1850. Popu- lation, 1900, 1214. Contains stores, hotels, brick yards, ete. the Electric road connects it with Allentown and Bethlehem. 41 ■TOKENDAUQUA. This thriving town is situated on the right banks of the | J Lehigh river, founhed in 1854, Population, 1900, 1500. The seat of the Thomas Iron Works, has number of stores, hotels, churches and graded schools is an independent school district, On the Lehigh Valley R. R. and connected with Allentown by an Electric road. mACUNGIE. Founded in 1776 and is 4 miles west of Emaus, with which it is connected by the Allentown and Emaus Elelectric road and is its west em terminus. Population, 1900, 692, Contains stores, hotels, furnace, fac- tories, foundery, churches and graded schools, and is on the East Pennsylvania Branch of the P. and R. Railroad, and was incorporated as a borough in 1857. $LATINGTON. Founded in 1851 and is situated on the right bank of the Le- high river, on the Lehigh Valley R. R. and is the eastern terminus of the Berks and Lehigh R. R. 20 miles north of Allentown, by which it is connect- ed by the Allentown and Slatington Electric road. Population, 1900, 3773. In- corporated in 1864, contains numerous stores, hotels, water works, rolling mill, fac- tories, several newspapers, national bank, churches and graded schools, the high school was established in 1864, H. A. Kline was the first principal of the high school. It is in the center of the Lehigh slate region and the slate quarries and slate facto- ries where are manufactured school, mantel, blackboard, etc. of all kinds, is the principal industry of the place. 77 1 EST BETHLEHEM. Founded in 1869, is situated on the leftt bank of the V\r Lehigh river and Moiiocacy creek. Population, 1900, 3465. Incorporated as a borough in 1880, containg stores, hotels, silk mill, factories, founderies, churches graded schools, connected with Allentown by an Electric road and turn pike, and Bethlehem by a fine iron bjidge. EDUCATION. The schools of all the boroughs are in a fine and nourish- ing condition, having a regular course of study and the pupil of the high schools, passing through a four ye*»rs course of study graduate therefrom and are able to en- ter the schoolroom as teachers or enter other vocations. The schools compare with the best in the state and are under a supervising priucipal, the schools are also under the supervision of the County Superintendent of Schools. CHAPTER XL County Officers. BOUNTY OFFICERS. County Commissioners. There are three County commissioners elected for three years, they correct the assessment or valua- tion of taxable property, fix the rate of the county tax. They pay the coun- ty bills by orders drawn on the county treasurer, erect the county buildings, as well as the larger bridges. They are paid &.S.50 per day actual tim« spent in the discharge of the duties of their office. No person can vote for more than two commissioners so as to allow the minority party to elect one commissioner. County Treasurer. He is elected for three years, and cannot be re-elect- ed to succeed himself, he receives the state and county taxes, pays the former to the State Treasurer, the latter he uses to pay such bills as are approved by the com- missioners. He receives a certain percentage on all the money paid out of the treasury, which is fixed by the commissioners and approved by the auditors. He also receives a percentage on all the state tax that pass through his hands, as well as on special taxes that may come into his hands. He gives a heavy bond for the faithful performance of his duties. Sheriff. He is elected for three years and is the county's chief executive officer, he serve* writs and summons of the court, suppresses serious disturbances and protect property, he sells property for debit of the owner, when execution has been ordered by the court. He makes arrests and has charge of the criminals dur- ing their trials and delivers them to the jails or penitentiary, in the smaller coun- ties is the jailer, and with the jury commissioners he draws the juries and summons those whose names have been drawn. He gives notices of the elections by adver- tisements in the newspapers or hand bills. His salary is fixed by laws and are paid in fees, he gives bonds for the faithful performance of his duties, he cannot be re-e- lected to succeed himselt. Prothonotary. He is elected for three years and is clerk of the court of Common Pleas, he makes up and keeps records of the court, issues its writs and summons and calls up the jurors and administers the oaths to the witnesses. He enters in books the judgments, mechanics liens and keeps a record of the state and national elections returns. His salary is paid in fees fixed by law. Clerk Of Quarter Sessions. He is elected for three years and keeps a record of this court, calls up jiuors and administer the oaths to witnesses, he has charge of laying out of roads, the granting of liquor licenses and keeps a record of all township, borough and city elections held in the county. His salary is paid by fees fixed by law. Clerk Of Orphan's Court. He is elected for three years and keeps a record of the Orphan's court. His salary is paid by fees. 46 Register Of Wills. He is elected for three years, probates the wills left by citizens of the county at their death, he issues to the executors letters testamen- tary, and if no executor or executors have been appointed by the will, appoints ad- ministrators, issues to them letters of administration, copies the wills in books and keeps the wills safely themselves. He gives a bond for the faithful performance of his duties, he is paid by fees. Recorder Of Deeds. He is elected for three years, records all deeds and mortgages, and his salary is paid by fees. Coroner. He is elected for three years, inquires into the cause and man- ner of death of any person who is slain, or is accidentally killed or dies suddenly, by summoning a jury of 6 men, if the jury finds any one guilty of homicide, it is the duty of the coroner's jury to commit him to jail. The Coroner performs the duties of the sheriff in case of the latter's death or removal from office, until a new sheriff is appointed. His salary is paid by fees. District Attorney. He is elected for three years and is public prosecu- tor, conducts the trials of persons charged with committing crimes. He must be a lawyer and is paid by fees by the county. County Surveyor. He is elected for three years aad is the official coun- ty surveyor. Jury Commissioners. There are two Jury commissioners elected for three years, a person can vote only for one candidate so that each party is represented. They with the sheriff draw the jurors from the list of persons selected by the jury commissioners and the judge. They receive $2.50 for each day spent in the dis- charge of their duties, Directors Of The Poor. They are elected for three years and have ov- erseer of the poor and the management of' the Alms or Poor house. Their salary is $100 per year. Mercantile Appraiser, He is appointed by the county commissioners for one year, he makes estimates on the amount of business done by the dealers in the county, upon which a state tax is paid. He receives 75 cents for visiting each place of business. County Auditors. They are elected for three years and one can vote for only two of them so as to give minority party a member too, they have the disburs- ment of the public fund. They see that the taxes and other duties are collected and accounted for. Their salary is $o.Q0 for each day they spent in the discharge ef their duties. Prison Inspectors. They are appointed by the court and the county com missioners for one year, they have charge of the prison affairs. They receive a small salary. County Superintendent Of Schools. He is elected by the school di- rectors of the county for three years, he has charge of the schools of the county, he holds teachers examinations and grants a provisional certificate to those that suc- cessfully pass the examination which is good for one year only, he also grants a 44 professional certificate to those that have acquired skill in the art of teaching, good for during bis term office of three years and can be renewed without examination by him. and is good for one year under his successor. He holds the annual coun- ty Teachers Institute and local institutes, collects and transmits the reports andsta tistics of the schools to the Department of Public Instruction. Salary, $1500. -TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. Assessor. He is elected for three years and makes 11 an assessment of the real estate and other property in the township, and re- ^f ports the same to the county Commissioners, upon which all taxes are laid' prepares each year a list of all the voters of the township, a copy of which he must place on the door of the building where the elections are held. His salary is $2.00 per day tor actual work done. SUPERVISORS. They are elected for one year except where otherwise the law directs, their duties are the making and repairing the roads and bridges of the township. They fix and collect a road tax to pay the expenses of the same, they represent the township in its corporate body in all things except school matters. They receive from SI to $2 per day for the time spent in work and 5 per cent fur collecting the road tax. S< HOOL Directors. Every year two school directors are chosen who serve for 3 years, making 6 directors in all, their duties are to provide school facilities for all the children of school age in the township between the age of Gaud 21 years, they built and care for the schoolhouses and grounds, employ the teachers, fix their salaries and the length of school term at not less than 7 months, adopt the books that are to be used and make rules for the government of the schools and supervise their work. They determine the school tax to be levied for school purposes, hav< the right to borrow money for erecting school buildings orjpurchasing grounds, they receive no pay for their services. Tax COLLECTOR. He is elected every year and collects the state and coun- ty tax, his commission is from 2 to 5 per ceut on all the money collected. Town Clerk. He is elected for one year and serves as clerk to the super- visors, keep the township record and the record of stray animals. This officer has few if any duties to perform and is not deemed of much importance. Auditors. One Auditor is elected every year to sorve for three years, the three Auditors meet once a year and audit the accounts of the township officers, which thev post in written or printed handbills, detailing the receipts and expen- ditures of the township officers in different parts of the township, they receive 82.00 a day for each day of actual duty. Justice Of The Peace. Each township elects two Justices of the Peace for terms of 5 vrs., commissioned by the governor, has jurisdiction anywhere within the county, issues warrants of arrest and for minor offeeces inflicts punishment by fine, rarely by imprisonment, generally he sends the case to court. For light crimes he may release the prisoner on bail until court, if he cannot get bail, he must await trial in jail, for grave crimes the justice must Bent the accused to jail, when he can only be released by the Judge through a writ of habeas corpus, suits for debts not exceeding $300.00 may be brought before a justice of the peace and where his de- 45 - not mure than $5.33 it is final, if more it con be appealed to court. - - • . rirruations. ackno* - and other p re issues ::horized to perforn ige ceremony, hi- paid by the parties interested and are fixed by law. le. He is elected for thr • si town- ship, make? arrests upon warrar.:- - isticeoftht isiice, eer - - - - • summons es in civil suits. He makes searches - - :ed prem;- - . - - zee - execution. H- gives posters of township elections ami four times a ie court - - - and report violations of law of which he has anv knowle , rixed by . vshif Treasures. He is elected for one year and has charge of the gives bail for ►ROUGH OFFICERS, Chief Burgess, He is the executive officer of the "J3 bon o forces ...e ordina:; - the order anii "* peace of the: _ He may punish offenders si rison- ment. term is 3 years :.: - ~d by the people of the borough. going ery year, they have control : -. - • - jf the nuisances, provide from tires, lavs - aying the boi _ enses, may borrow money for borough improve- ments. The other ire the school direct - :.-".. . treasui audit - - ITY OFFICERS. Mayor. The executive officer of a city is the Mayor, hi? duties are executive and judicial. The other : re .-.roll er. i collector of tazes, street commissioner, treasurer, solicitor, health :er police litors, s - - - times A city is divided into wards of convenient size and the officers are similar to the - ship, T.e laws are called ordinances and are enacted by the select and common mayor or if he has any s to the saj • :oes them. A city has a charter under which it operates. CHAPTER XII. Civil List. Members of Congress from Lehigh county. «g-The figures at the end of each name represent in which congress he served: for example. Joseph Frey, 1*27-1831. 20 and 21 mean that he was a member of the 20th and 21st congress. Joseph Frey, 1827-1831. 20 and 21. Henry King, 1831-1835. 22 and 23. Peter Newhard, 1839-1843 26 and 27. Jacob Erdman, 1845-1847. 29. John Hornbeck * 1847— 30. Samuel Bridges,! 1847-1849. 30. 1853-1855. 33. 1877-1879. 45. H. C. Longecker, 1859-1861. 36. Thomas B. Cooper* 1861 37. John D. Stiles,! 1862-1865. 37 and 38. " " " 1867-1871. 41. James S. Biery, 1873-1875. I!. Wm. H. Sowden, 1885-1889. 49 &50. C. J. Erdman, 1893-18!)7. 53 and 54. *Died in office. ISucceeded the Hon. John Hornheck, dee'd. (Succeeded the Hon. Thos' B. Cooper, dee'd. State Senators from Lehigh county since 1812 to the present time. &g~ Members under the first constitution, 179", were elected for s years, under the constitution of 1838 for 3 years and under the constitution of 1874 tor 4 years. Henry Jarrett, 1813-1815. 1 term 2 yrs. Joeeph Frey, 1817-1821. Henry King, 1825-1829. W.C. Livingstone, 1831-3. John S. Gibbons, 1840-43. Jacob D. Boas, 1816-1849, William Frey, 1852-1855, Members of House of Representative from 1813 to 1901. 4®*Under the Constitution of 1790 and 1838, the members were elected annually and under the Constitu- tion of [874 for two years. 1 year. 3 " Jacob Schindel, 1858-1861. 1 term 3 yrs Geo. B. Schall, 1864-1867. 1 " 3 " Edw. Albright, 1870-1876.2 " 6 " Evan Holben, 1876-1882. 2 " 6 " M. C. Henninger, 1882-94." 3 "12 " Harry G. Stiles, 1894-1906. 3 "12 " Abraham Rinker, 1813-1817. 4 years. Philip Wint, 1813-1813. 4 " Peter Newhard, 1817-1819. 2 " Win. Fenstermacher, 1817-22.5 " John J. Knauss, 1820-1822. 2 " Geo. Eisenhard, 1823. Samuel Mayer, 1824. Peter Newhard, 1824-26-29. Jacob Dillnger, 1826-1828 Geo. Miller, 1816-1828. W. C. Livingstone, 1829. Daniel Edgar, 1830. Peter Kuepley, 1830-31-33. Christian Pretz, 1831. 1 John Weida, 1832-1833. 2 Jesse Grim, 1834. 1 Jacob Erdman, 1834-36-37. 3 Alexander Miller, 1835. 1 William Stahr, 1835. 1 Geo. Frederick, 1836-1842. 2 Martin Hitter, 1837-38-39. 3 .Benjamin Fogel, 1839-40-41. :? 47 Peter Haas, 1840-11. 2 " BoasHausman, ;;; 1872. 1 year. Gee. S. Eisenhard, 1842. 1 " Robert Steckel, 1872 1873. 2 " Reuben Strauss, 1843-44-45. o o « James Kimraett, 1873 1874. 2 M M. Jarrett, 1843. 1 a George F. Gross, 1874 1876. 2 If Jesse Samuels, 1845. 1 " F. B, Heller, 1876 187s. 2 1( David Laury, 1846, 50, 51, Ernest Nagel, 1876 1878. 2 I. 52, 53. 5 (< Charles Foster, 1879 1880. 2 (C Peter Bauraan, 1846-1847. 2 " Patric Boyle,1880 1882. 2 K Samuel Marx, 1847-48-49. o O " Amandas Sieger, 1880 1882, 2 u Robert Klotz, 1848-1849. 2 " W. B. Erdman, 1880 1882. 2 U James S. Reese, 1854-1855. 2 u Hugh Crilly, 1884 1886. 4 a Joshua Frey, 1854-1855. 2 n M. B. Harwick, 1884 1888. 4 a Herman Rupp, 1856-1857. 2 M M. R. Schaffer, 1884 1886. 4 a Tilghman Good, 1858-1860. 2 a D. D. Roper, 1886 1888. 4 « Samuel Ralliett, 1858-1860. 2 b< Jeremiah Roth, 1886 1892 Samuel J. Kistler, 1850-61. 2 '" 1898 1900. 8 U - W,C. Lichtenwalner, 1860-1. 2 K H. C. Wagner, 1888 1890. 4 it Samuel Camp, 1862-1863. 2 " M.N. Bernhard, 1890 1894 4 *i Nelson Weiser, 1863-1864 Alvin Kern, 1894 1896. 1 a 1865. 3 " Johu H. Pascoe, 1892 1893 2 4< James F. Kline, 1864-1864 Joseph C. Rupp, 1892 1896. 4 u 1865. o o l< M. J. Lennon. 1890 1891. 4 (( John H. Fogel, 1866-1867 Perry Wannenmacher, 1894 1868-1874. 4 ' a 1895. 2 u Daniel Creitz, 1867-1868 M. J. Kramlich, 1896 1898. 4 « 1869. 3 u Jonas Moyer, 1898 1900. 4 u Adam Woolever, 1869-1870 Joseph W. Mayue, 1900. 2 a 1871. *> o U *Died in office. Herman Fetter, 1870-1871. 2 .< Judges from 1812 to 1901. Associate Judges from 1812 to 1874. Robert Porter, 1812-1831. 22 years. John Fogel, 1815-1823. 8 years. Garrick Mallory 1831-1836. 5 " Jacob Stein, 1823-183*. 16 k John Banks, 1836-1847. 11 " John F. Rufe, 1838-1839. 1 a J. Pringle Jones, 1847-1851. 4 " Joseph Saeger, 1839-1810. 1 a Washington McCarty, 1851-56. 5 " Peter Haas, 1840-1843. Henry D. Maxwell, 1856-1857. 1 1848-184!!, 1851-1852. 5 " John K. Findlay, 1857-1 862 5 " Jacob Dillinger, 1843-1848. John W. Maynard, 1862-1867. 5 " 1852-1855. 5 " J. Pringle Jones, 1867-1868 1 " John F. Rufe, 1849-1851. 2 .< A B. Longaker, 1868-1878. 10 " Charles Keck, 1855-1856. 1 u Edward Harvey, 1878-1879 1 " ^ willoughby Fogel, 1850-1866. 10 " Edwin Albright. 1879— Joshua Stabler, 1856-1866. 10 years 48 James Kiev, 1866-1871 L871-1864. Jacob Kidman, L866-1868. 8 year.- 2 " Reuben Guth, 1866-1867. S. .1. Kistler, L86S-1871! David Laury,1868-187S. «£-The office of Associate Judges was abolished by the Constitution al County Superintendents of Public Schools. From 1854 to 1901. Term. 3 years. Charles W. Cooper, 1854-55. l year Tilgbraan Good, 1855-57. 2 " II. 11. Schwartz, 1857-60. 3 " Tilghman Good, 1860-62. 2 " Jacob Ross, 1862-63. K J. Young, 1863 72. J. O. Knauss, 1872-93. Alvin Rupp, 1893 I yeai 3 " 8 " 1 \< .11 7 " 21 " 49~Salary from ' r > to 69,$iooo, 69 to 93, $1300, and 00 pel veai City Superintendents of Schools of Allentown. From 186S to 1901. Term, 3 years. K. K. Buehrle, 1868-78. George Desh, 1878-81 4S="Salary [868, $900. From 10 years I L. B. Kami K. J). Raub, Sheriff. From 1812 to 1901. Term 3 years. The Sheriffs were appointed u 11 1 i 1 1839, when the office be- came elective. Peter Hauck. i reorge Klotz. Anthony Musick. Charles L. H utter. Abraham Rinker* Daniel Mertz. Jtcob Hagenbuch. Jonatha D. Meeker. George Wetherholt. David Stein. Charles Ihrie. Joseph F. Newhard. Nathan Weiler. I letiry Smith. Charles B. Haines. Herman M. Fetter. Jacob Holben. John P. Miller. ( >wen W. Faust. Edwin Zimmerman. Thomas B. Morgan. County Officers. ( reorge Bower. Charles B. Maberry. Frank Rabenold. Frank Bower. Frank C. II. Schwoyer. Wayne Bitting. ; red two terms. Prothonotaries. From 1812 to 1901. Term 3 years. John Mulhollen. Henry Wilson. Christian Beitel. ( !harels L. Hutter. Daniel Kreamer. E. W. I hitter. Charles Craig. Jacob Dillinger. Jesse Samuels. Daniel Mertz. Nathan Miller. Francis E Samuels. James Lackey. Isaiah Rebrig. Jacob S. Dillinger. Henry Savior. 1881-93. 1893— 12 years Henry Wagner, Tilghman D. Frey. James Hausman. Edwin Stein. Rufus E. Erdman. William H. Snyder. John K. Stein. Recorder of Deeds. From 1S12 to 1901. Term 3 years. Leonard Nagel. George Marx. James Hall. John Wilson. William Boas. V A. < rangewere. ( reorge Stein. Nathan ( rerman. Charles Gross. Benjamin Krauss. ( reorge S. ( Jtoss. Joseph Sacger. Jonathan Trexler. Silas ( 'amp. John F. Seiberlincr. 49 Edwin Breder. Dallas Dillinger. Joseph C. Rupp. Henry J. Gackenbach. Morris Stephens. E. R. Benner. W. Mattias Bitter. Register of Wills. From 1812 to 1901. Term 3 years. Leonard Nagel. < reorge Marx. James Hall. John Wilson. William Boas. Samuel Marx. Tilghman Good. Edward Beek. Joshua Stahler. Samuel Colver. Jacob Slemmer. S. R. Engelman. E. R. Newhard. Henry German. E. B. Horlacher. Tilghman F. Keck. Obadiah Peifter. James B. Smith. Henry Heilman. Franklin Weaver. H. F. Longecker. Clerks of Court of Quarter Sessions. From i8i2to 1901. Term 3 years. John Mulhollen. Henry Wilson. Christian F. Beitel. Fred. Hyneman. Henry Jarrett. Jacob Dillinger. Henry W. Knipe. Charles S. Busch. W. Selfridsre. John D. Lawall. Nathan Metzer. James Mickley. Boas Hausman. George W. Hertzel. J. E. Zimmerman. A. L. Ruhe. Joseph Hunter. F. J. Newhard. John P. Goundie. James H. Crader. Allen W. Haines. Nathan E. Worman. E. L. Newhard. Francis Kreitz. Oscar P. Werley. Clerks of Orphan's Court. From 1S12 to 1901. Term 3 years. John Mulhollen. Henry Wilson. Christian F. Beitel. Fred. Hyneman. Henry Jarrett. Jacob Dillinger. Henry W. Knipe. Charles S. Busch. W. Selfridge. John D. Lawall. Nathan Metzgar. James Mickley. Roas Hausman. George W. Hertzel. J. E. Zimmerman. A. L. Ruhe. Francis Weiss. John Van Billiard. Henry W. Mohr. Charles B. Klein. W. R. Klein. L. S. Lenhart. Franklin Hartman. Martin KlimHer. Albeit O. Strauss. Coroners. From 1812 to 1901. Term 3 years. Peter Dornev. Peter N T ewhard. Henry Weaver. Daniel Mertz. A ndrew Knauss. Benjamin Fogel. Jecob Schantz. Peter Miller. Daniel Klein. Charles Foster. Jacob Marx. Solomon Gangewere. John Eiseuhard. Charles Troxell. John Erdman. Jacob Mayer. Joshua Stahler. 1 >wen Saeger. Owen Faust. Edwin G. Martin. Ephraim Yohe. James Busch. William H. Rornig. Americus V. Mosser. John Osman, Isreal Troxell. Thomas F. Martin. W. S- Berlin. Howard Kramer. Alfred J. Yost. James Goheen. Treasurers. From J-Sr2 to 1901. Tc< m 3 years. -John Fogel. Charles L. Hutter. Henry Weaver. Jacob C. Newhard. Charles Saeger. Arahain Oancrewere. 50 Michael EberharJ. John J. Krauss. George Haberacker. George Rhoads. Jacob D. Boas. William H.Blumer. Tilghman H. Martin. Joshua House. Charles H. Martin. Ephraim Yohe. Aaron Troxell. Jaoob Fisher. Thomas Steckel. William Reimer. Reuben Engelman. David Schaadt. J. Franklin Reichard. Simon Mover. Daniel Bittner. Peter Heller. Peter Hendricks. Charles Keck. John J. Trexler. George Kuhl. Tilghman Buskirk. Daniel Wannemaker. John J. Schaadt. John R. Gossler. Jamee M. Sechler. Sylvester Hartman. Surveyors. From i8i4to 1901. Term 3 years. George Eisenhard. Andrew K. Witman. John Sherer. Jonas Haas. Willoughby Fogel. Jodn Lawall. Solomon Fogel. Jesse Samuels. Tobias Kessler. Francis Weiss. George Blank. Commissioners. From iS 1 2 to 1901. Term 3 years. William Fenstermacher Abraham ( ireisheimer. John Yeakol. Philip Kleckner. Jacob Newhard. Jacob Sch after, John Yeakel. John Billig. John Spagenberg. John Wannemaker. Abraham Sch after. Solomon Gangewere. Peter Marx. Conrad Knerr. John Bogert. John Rinker. John (Jreenewaid. Joshua Frey. Henry Pares. Jacob Ward. Casper Petes. Jacob Sch went. William Eckert. J. Smidt. Solomon Greisheimer. Martin Ritter. John Scherer. Jacob Den\ Henry Leh. Philip Pierson. Timothy Weiss. John Yost. Daniel Stahler. Peter Romig. Charles Foster. Samuel Camp. John Lichtenwalner. Benjamin Breinig. Somuel Knauss. Peter Engelman. Daniel Hausman. J use pi 1 Miller. John Weber. Samuel Sieger. John Erdman. ( rideon Marks. Levi Dornblaser. John Peter. Paul Balliett. Ceorge Ntimeyer. Daniel Bittner. William Gabel. Joseph Newhard. Reuben Danner. Jonas Hollenbach. Daniel Focht. Thomas Jacoby. Henry Pearson. Stephen Kern. John Strauss. Hiram Balliett. Jacob A. Leiby. Jesse Sollidav. Daniel Lauer.* Alexander Singmaster.* Alexander McKee. David L. Barner. Jonathan Barrall. Thomas Casey. George K. Carl. William F. Sch mover. John Hottenstein. Charles F. Hartzell. W. B. Mover. W. Stephen Knauss. Daniel Schwoyer. Daniel W eisei. John L. Schreiber. Wayne Holben. ( ornelius Acker. Harrison Bortz. Phaon Diehl. James F. Jordan. Milton Kurtz. Stephen Neumoyer. 51 Richard Klotz. Edward B, Neff. George F. Schlicher. William Brown. Joseph P. Snyder. Clerks of County Commissioners. From 1813 to 1901. Term 3 years, George Rhoads. John Knecht. George Rhoads. James Hall. Josiah Rhoads. Abraham Ziegenfuss. Jesse Line. Edward Beck. Godfrey Peters. Lewis M. Engelman. V r ictor Earner. Henry C. Wagner. Henry \V. Fusselman. Auditors. From iSi3to 1901. Term 3 y ears. George Eisenhard. John Spangenberg; John Weiss. Henry Weber. George Eisenhard. J. Geiger. John Stein. John Wilson. Samuel Mover. Janes Hall. George Breinig. Jacob Dil linger. Andreas Schifferstein. John Marx. II. \Y. Kneiss. Peter Kneppen, Benjamin Fogel. H. W. Kneiss. Jacob C. Ki-tler. Henry Guth Jr. Joseph Frey Jr. Daniel Fried. Jacob Moser. Charlec C. Buroch. David Follweiler. John Ritter. George Miller. Benjamin Breinig. John D. Lawall. No than Miller. Charles Ritter. Nathan German Herman Rupp. Paul Balliett. Charles L Newhard. John H. Clifton. George Blank. Jonas Haas. Hiram Schwartz. Franklin J. Ritter. Eli J. Saeger. Samuel J. Kistler. John R. Schall. Daniel H. Creitz. Robert Yost. W. J. Hox worth.* Charles Foster. Joel Stettler. Owen Schaadt. George Blank* Daniel Clader. Abraham Ziegenfuss, Jacob Lichty. Wilson P. Reidy. Solomon F. Rupp. J. Winslow Wood. Franklin Harwick. Franklin D. Acker. Alvin Diefenderf'er. Frank J. Peter. ( reorge X. Kramer, Jacob S. Rciuiinger. Astor S. Saeger. Morris Schmidt. Henry Kelchner. Alexander J. Zellner. H. C. Kleckner. Clinton O. Fogel. Charles S. Shinier. En win Heilman. Frank Brinker. Milton Schautz. Frank Faust.* Charles H. Kramlieh. Franklin L. Roth. William H. Knauss.* Thomas P. Roth. Alexander Fatzinger. R. H. Heil. : Served two terms. District Attorneys. From iS46to 1901. Term 3 years. R. E. Wright. C. M. Runk. H. C. Longecker. John D. Stiles. William S. Marx. George B. Schall, Adam Woolever. ^ Edwin Albright, Thomas B. Metzgar. William H. Sow r den. C. J. Erdman. M. C. Henninger. Artur Dewalt. J. M. Wright, Marcus C. L. Kline. James L. Schaadt. John L. Schwartz. Clinton A. ( Iroman. 52 lRLY JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. The earlyjustices of the peace, prior | to 1804 were the following. Andrew Buchman, District of Heidelberg and C? Lowhill townships, 1784. Frederick Laubach, District of Upper Milibrd township, 1784. Peter Rhoads, District of Northampton and Salisbury town- shipe,1784. George Breinig, District of Macungie and Weissenberg; townships, 1786. Jacob Horner, District of Heidelberg and Lowhill townships, L787. Lud- wig Stahler, District of Upper Milford township, 1788. Peter Koh ler, District of Whitehall township, 1791. James Gill, District of Upper Milford township, 1 70 1 . Nicholas Sieger, District of Whitehall town-hip, 1704. Abraham Buchman, Dis- trict of Heidelberg and Lowhill townships, 1794. John Shinier, District of I'pper Milford township, 1795. Henry Kooker, District of jUpper Saucon township, 1795 Charles De'schler, District of Salisbury township, 1797. Henry Jarrett, District of Macungie and Weissenberg townships, 1798. Leonard Nagel District of Salis- bury township, 1798. John Van Buskirk, District of Macungie and Weissenberg townships, 1799. Conrad Wetzel, District of Upper Milford township, 1799. Hen ry Haas, District of Heidelberg and Lowhill townships. 1801. Ambrose Stahler, District of Upper Milford and Upper Saucon townships, 1802. That part which comprise of what is now Lehigh county was redivided into new districts in 1804, and were numbered and called as follows: District number 4, comprising Nazareth, Bethlehem and Hanover and the justices were from 1804 to 1809, Adam Daniel, George Brader and Jacob Sweisshaupt and from 180!) to 1812 was Matthias Gross. District number 7, comprised Salisbury and Whitehall town- ships, the justice from 1804 to 1812, was George Yundt. District number 8, com- prised Macungie and Upper Milford townships and tin- justices from 1804 to 1808, were John Schuler, Anthony Stahler and Jeremiah Trexler, and from 1808 to 1812, Jacob Klen. District number 10, comprised Heidelberg ami Lowhill town- ships and the justice from 1804 to 1812, was William Fensterraacher, District number 11, the justices from 1804 to 1812 were Daniel Saeger and John Weis. c , and comprised Lynn and Weissenberg townships. Divided again in 1 S12 into new districts as follows; 1st district, comprising Northampton, Salisbury and Whitehall townships and the justices were Leonard Nagel, Peter Gross, Nicholas Sieger, Charles Deschler 1812, Jacob Diehl and An- thony Murich 1813. 2nd district, eomprisng Hanover township, the justice was C. F. Beitel, 1812. 3rd district, composed of the townships of Heidelberg and Lowhill, thejustice was Conrad German, 1812. 4th district, composed of Macun- gie and Upper Milford townshipsand the justices were John Fogel, 1812 and Lo- rentz Stahler. 1813. 5th district, composed of Lynn and Weissenberg townships, thejustice was Peter Haas, 1814- 0th district, composed of Macungie and Low- bill townships, thejustice was Henry Haas, 181 1. 53 CHAPTER XIII. List of Soldiers Furnished by Lehigh County. Vyi AH RECORD. Lehigh county, during the Revolutionary -war furnished its if I (p 10t0 °f men to ^ ie Revolutionary army, and during the War of 1812 and £r the Mexican war, 1846-1848, the same martial spirit prevailed as in the Revolutionary war. And when the Great Civil war of 1861 and 1805 broke out the young men were just as eager for the fray as were their forefathers, and Le- high comity sent forth her full cpuoto of men and who crowntd themselves with honor and glory and many laid down their lives on many a hard fought field thai the nation might live. And the same spirit prevailed in the Hispaniau American war, 1898, when her sons went forth with the same alacrity as the boys of 1861 did. During the Civil war Pennsylvania furnished 387,284 men. of which Lehigh coun- ty furnished 2851 men. John Schreck. Daniel Nunneumacher Peter Schwab. Frederick Schachler. 25 men. ■'■' Captain, t Lieutenant. French and Indian War, 1754-1763 George Wolf * Abraham Rinker f Philip Koogler Peter Miller Jacob Wolf Simon Lagundacker Georoe Nicholas David Deschler Abraham SavitZ George Lauer George S. SchnefT Michael Rothdrock Leonard Abel Tobias Dittes ' Lorentz Hauk Simon Bremer Ji hn M. Deri- Peter Roth Frank Kieffer Jacob Mohr Martin Frederick Revolutionary War, 17754783. ist Company, 2nd Penn svlvania Battalion, Colon- el Arthur St. Clair, Com- mander. Thomas Craig * Rudolph Burner * Andrew Kachline f Isaac Dunn f John Craig |" James Armstroi Thomas Park Abraham Dull Robert Marshall Peter Smith Abraham Horn Christian Shous John Cary John McMichael John Minor George Gangwere Stephen Fuller Peter Byle Henry Powleson Robert Schearer James Sweeney Samuel Mann John Acker Anthony Assur Jacob Byle Peter Bowerman John Boyer Adam Branthuwcr Jacob Davenport John Davis Thomas Dobbs Evau Evans Daniel Foulk Samuel ( rrimee Leonard Haus William Hirkie Frederick Eiorn < reorge Huntsman Nicholas Kautzraan < reorge Kulins Leonard Labar John Mann Lawrence Mann Conrad Menges . . Jehn Mock Leonard N ( reorge Phass Stephen Prang Conrad Rusarch Jonathan Richard Timothy Roger Josiah Crane Butler Crist Alexander Cunningham Peter Daily John Darling David Darling Evan Davis Daniel Diehl John Docker Peter Fleek Henry Freedley Philip Grooh John Hindman Ludwig Hoffman John Hubler Jost Martin Charles King Michael Kuhns Melchior Labar Christian Miller Matthias. Miller David Minton rt Morev Samuel Ney Jacob Powells Thomas Ramsay Daniei Reyley Abraham Rinkei Thomas Schaffer .John Schearer Peter Smith Peter Stand ley < reorge Sterner Robert, Wilson John Shannon Philip Smith 1 )avid Stinson James Thompson Jacob Weiss Felty Yeisley !J1 men. Baxter's Battalion. John Arndt Peter Kichline f Robert Scott Jacob Kichline Daniei Lewis John McFerren Jacob Wagner Henry Wolf Henry Fatzinger Daniel Sehler — ■=" Benjamin Depui Henry Unangst James Ferrill George Essig Valentine Yent Jacob Miller Andrew Hejster Thomas Seybert Joseph Stout Martin Derr Metthias Steittinger Philip Arndt Elijah Crawford Peter Richter .John Middagh Robert Lyle Samuel Mc( 'racken Michael Kehler Isaac Shoemaker ( Ihristian Stout Alexander Sylleman Adam Vohe Conrad Smith John Kestler James Symonton Michael K Andrew Kiel'er John Dufford Jacob Weidknechl George Frey Henry Bush Peter Hush Peter Liver Peter Lehr Peter Fr< — Abraham Peter Laurence Erb Isaac Shinier Henry Althous< Christian Rodt John Ross John Bash Paul Reiser Isaac Berlin Jacob Engler Joseph Keller Fred Wilhelm Frederick Wagner Henry Fretz Henry Stranp Christian llarpel Henry Weidknecht Adam Weidknecht George. Edinger Pater Kern Anthony Frutchy Philip Bosh Barnett Miller John llarpel Joseph Martin John Arndt John Wolf James llynshaw Jacob Andrews 55 Conrad Bittenbender. John Shuck. Frederick Rieger. Lewis Collins. William Warrand. Henry Wolf, Sr. Samuel Correy. Henry Bush, Jr. Isaac Koon. Joseph Minim. Jacob Transfeeter. Adam Bortz- Jacob Kreidler. Jacob Chase. 88 men. ^Captain, t ist Lieuten- ant: t 2n d Lieutenant. Total number of men furnished during the Rev- olutionary War. 180. War of J8J2. 5th Company, 2nd Light Infantry. John Ruhe.* Jacob Blumer.| S. Fatzinger. William Miller. William Dobbins. George Kauffman. Isaac Gangwere. John Mohr. Daniel Sch wander. John Miller. Andrew Kei|>er. John Klotz. Charles A. Ruhe. George Haveracher. Peter Biery. Peter Keiper. Jacob Mickley. Daniel Keiper. Barthold Balliett Jacob Mohr. Jacob Houck, Charles L. Hutter. John Wilson. Benjamin Raser. John Stettler. Christian Seip. Peter Keichline. Leonard Nagel. William Weaver. John Weal. David Houck. Henry Stattler. Henry Ebuer. Adam Gudeknecht. David Huber. William Keiper. George Mertz. Matthias Schwenk. Jacob Seip. John Good. Samuel Horn Abraham Derr Andrew Klotz William Keichline George Spinner Jacob Gossler Charles Weaver Henry Grose William Ginkinger Henry Reichard John Wagner John Reep 58 men. ist Company of Riflemen Pennsylvania Militia. Abraham Gangwere* Daniel Moyerf Jacob NewhardJ Jacob Stein John Dull Daniel Quier Jacob Quier Joseph Long Joseph Nagel Daniel Quear Daniel C. Daniel Jacob Schwenk Daniel Keik Joseph Keider Solomon Brobst Abraham Moyer James Yuudt Benjamin Shoemaker Daniel Hillman James Kinkinger Peter Hoff Henry Brobst Henry Amheiser George Floats George Kentz Adam Keller Pitkin Minor Abraham Beidelman Abraham Keiper Daniel Bickel Jacob Keiper John Boyer Joseph Rose John Frain Nicholas Moyer Daniel Rhoads George Litzenberger Philip Kuntz Charles Hauer Peter Hoffman Henry Hartman George Fisher Henry Good Jacob Long Matthias Eline Peter Laudenschlager George Henry David Huberstine Gottlieb Foght Thomas Gangwere Henry Acker Sacob Shivry William Shriver Gabriel Woodring John Flexer 56 Jaraee Haraor John Miller Jacob Frack John Schauta John Guishler Geergc Hill Michael Freymau Solomon Rownholl Adam Highleager Frederick Heller Peter Minnich Henry Kice George Breder Is real Troxell John Caldwell Henry Fatzinger John Ehrhard Henry Hering Henry Kemmerer John Laudenschlager ( leorge Besh John Diehl John Besh Michael Good Jacob Reichenbach Michael Druckenrniller John Nerfer Jacob IS age 1 John Miller Jr. Cornelius Rein holt William Schleifer Frederick Rider Peter Kuntz Henry Rish Penry Snyder George Heruer Peter Seip Peter Ebenrider Jacob Koch Jacob Erich Elias Kiefer Jacob Howcr O Jonathan Ott John Flower Jacob Mushlitz Michael Sent el Philip iS'agel Con rod Well Jacob Hillegass Henry Schantz George Wetzel John Snyder Michael Poe George Lehr Courod Rau, Abraham Luckenbach Jacob Schantz Jeremiah Heller Solomon Good I I ."> men. iSth Section of Riflemen. Abraham Rinker.* Peter Knauss Peter Lehr Jacob Marck John Strauss John Shiffert George Nunnemaker Conrad Stahl John Keck Ferdinand Woodring Henry Bower Daniel Siegfried Henry Hartzel George Mayer Adam Smith Jacob Hartzel John Rein bold Solomon Lucas George Strauss Jacob Yohe Christian Deily Adam Hartzel Peter Steinberger ( !onrad Kerschner Charles Dull Solomon Kleckner John Whiteman Michael Shoudt Henry iS'unenmakcr David Keck Michael Lehr Adam Lehr Adam Mensch Andrew Hartzel Jonathan Dieienderfer Jacob Deily Nathaniel Yost Jacob Whitemau George Moritz Solomon Hartzell Jacob Gordon Adam Good George Horlacher Lewis Kunkel Jacob Beidelman Adam Hicker Michael Lower Henry S wander Daniel Fetzer George Schaffer John Billig Daniel Eschenbach Gaorge Bortz Frederick Newhard Jacob Steinberger Jonas Spangler Adam Sherer Jacob Bachman John Rau Peter Klotz John Ealer Peter .Mensch Henry Frautz Peter Moll Peter Cook 65 men Light Horse Company. Only partial list is given. as the muster roll has not been preserved. Peter Ruch* William Buae.j 57 Peter Good James Seagus Peter Troxell Solomon Steckel John Deichman Peter Burk halter Michael Frack John Swartz Jacob Schreiber Daniel Leisering Peter Leisering 13 men Captain Dornblaser's Co. Not all the members of the company were from Lehigh county, but from Northampton and Pike counties. John Dornblaser.* John V. Bush.f John Winters David Smith John Hartzel Nicholas Teel Samuel Stocker Isaac Savior John Dietz Peter Snyder John Ostertack Joseph Shaffer Samuel Hoffert Conrad Walter David Stocker Abraham Miller Freeman Price J. Hutmacher Christian Wineland Jacob Stocker Jeremiah R. Holraan Andrew Nye Daniel Miller George Hah n Peter Schick Frederick Gerys John Winner Frederick Fenner John W. Morrison Jacob Hartzel Henry Barrett William Brady Jonas Hockman George Rape John Ward John Young George Nolf Jacob Bunstein Adam Young George Widower Joseph Wimmer Leonard Kehler Daniel Kehler John Staul'er Jacob Gangwere Lawrence Nye Joseph Steiner Peter Hahn George Myer Jacob Keyser Jacob Swartwood Philip Fisher John Crawford David Shebherd David Evans John Bart- Leonard Kester Obed Morris Adam Barr Williiam Bureau Samuel Smell John Grover George Serfass Jacob Christman John Mack George Miller James Brewer. Jacob Merwine Ceorge Rinker Alexander McGammon John Faulk Peter Jayne Jacob Place Frederick Horeman Sylvester Kiucaid Anthony Vanetter Robert Impson Isaac Steel John Beard John Low man John Stine Philip Keeter Henry Miller Cornelius Van Horn Joseph Cooper John Clark Jacob Arndfc Conrad Ehrie Henry Myer Dewald Fisher John Klinetrup Thomas Pasty John Sch wen k Christopher Smith John Huston Samuel Reese Peter Strunk Garrett Coolbaugh Barnet Bunnel Jehn Adams Samuel Vandenraark John Howe William Vansickel Levi Cortright George Watson 107 men * Captain. fLieutenant. ; 2nd Lieutenant. Number of men furnish- ed during the war of 1812. 353. Ju During the Mexican War of L845 and L848 not many volunteers went forth from our county, because mostly of them came from the Southern StateBon account of their nearness to the seat of war. Among those that went from Lehigh county was Henry C. Longecker who served as lieutenant and adjutant of hin regiment under General Winfield Scott in his campaign from Vera Cruz to the city of Mex. ico, taking part in all the battles leading to the capture of the city by Gen. Scott. Licutenat Longecker, afterwards served as colonel of the 9th Regiment, Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, lS(il and L865 and acquitted himself with gallantry and honor. THE CIVIL WAR J86J and 1865. Allen Guards. Three months'service. muster- ed in April 18, 1861. Thomas Yeager* James M. Wilsonf Joseph T. WiltJ John E. Webster Solomon Goble Daniel Kramer Charles Dietrich Milton H. Dunlap Gideon Frederick William G. Frame James Geidncr John llouck Joseph Hettinger J. F. Wilt William Wolf [gnitz Cressor Norman H. Cole Henry W. Derr William Early Nathan R. Fuller Edwin Gross George F. Henry Nathaniel Hillegass George Hoxworth Edwin M. Hittle William Kress Martin W. Leisenring Edwin II. Miller Charles A. PeifTer William Ruhe George W. Rhoads Samuel Schenck Charles A. SchifFert Lewis G. Seij) John F. Uhler Allen Wetherheld William Wagner Benneville Weyandt David Jacob Gaorge W. Keiper Franklin Leh Henry McNulty Jonathan W. Bieber Ernest Rothraan Jchn Romig Henry Storch M. H. Sigman Adolphus Scheidler Ernville Scheidler David Weiss Joseph Weiss 51men Company I, First Regi- ment, Pennsylvania Vol- unteers. Mustered in April 20th 1861. William Gougler* E. P. Rhoadsf Benjamin C. Roth| Edwiu G. Mensch Noah Trumbore Mali Ion Frick Charles Mertz Augustus Ebert James Albright Wellington J. Blank Anthony Behler Nelson Christ Tilghman Dennis Perry Egge Abeile Heelman Henry Fried Henry Trumbore Daniel C. Miller Julius Benkert Tilghman Albright Henry A, Blumer Daniel Bechtel David Bergenstock William Desh John Eichel William Ginginger Henry Guth William H. Gaumer Jouafi Heldt Peter Huber William Hillard Charles Haines David Hardner Thomas Keck Solomon Kramer William Kleckner Henry Keiper Thomas Laubach Tilghman Miller Henry Mohr William J. Moyer John Nunnenmacher Andrew Nagel Peter Remmel Tilghman Ritz Edward Remmel 59 Richard M. Saeger Charles Schwenk James Stuber Franklin Trexler Walter Van Dyke Abahara Worman Franklin Wasser Willoughby Gaumer Oliver Hiskey William P. Harris Ellis Hammersley Martin Hackman Charles Hackman Henry Haldeman Lewis Koehler Fraklin Keck Melchior Konald Alonzo Kuhns Benjamin Kleckuer Zomes Leiser Henry Miller Charles Miller James McCrystal Daniel Nuunenmacher Jesse Ochs Edwin Roth Lewis Rein- James Seip Christian Stahley Joseph Steele Joseph Smith Henry Trexler George Weuner Henry Wagner 81 men Company D. 9th Regi- ment, Pennsylvania Vol- unteers. Mustered in April 24th 1861. H. C. Longecker, Colonel, Wm. H. H. Haugen, Lieuten- ant Colonel. G. D. Hand* C. A. G. Keck,. Enoch Philips,} William Semmer Morgan Richards Richard Wilson Granville Hangams William Miller Samuel Barrows Hugh Clement Richard Crogan Henry Detweiler Daniel Daniels James Elliott Benedict Fondran John Grate John Hopkins Francis Henry Robert Hammersley Joseph Jones John Kane Edwin Keiser Tilghman Leister Peter Leister William H. Meyers Charles H. Michael John MoCloskey John McHecker Levi Stubler Tilghman Miller Charles Nolf, Jr. William Williams Henry Stresser Samuel Arthur William Baumeister Levi Craft Michael Cooney Isaac Davia Evan Edwards Henry Eckenberger John Graham William Hopkins James Hughes James Hetthenson Jacob Hacker Edward Kramsic Lorentz Kick William Keiser Samuel Lockwood Thomas Lewellyn John Morrison Lewis Mauley Cornelius McGee Joshua McHose John Patrick William Paul Wilson Rohn Joshua Schwab James R. Snyder William Schlosser gtephen Smith David A. Tombler Charles Von land Robert Williams Abraham Wolf William H. Pauley David Ruse Augustus Ritter William T. Snyder William H. Sattenfuse Samuel Smith Henry Steinberger James Vansyschell Frank H. Wilson William Werley Francis Xander James Young 89 men Company G., 46th Regi- ment Pennsylvania Vol- unteers. Three years ser- vice, Mustered in Aug. 17th 1861. Lewis Arnold* W. R. Thomasf Joseph Matchette Robert Wilson Dauiel Davis Morgan Edwards John Moore Robert E. Williams Plugh Lyons t)0 Wallace Price John Leo David Baehman Alexander I >onegle Andrew Binly I I 'g< 11. James McQillen Isaac Davis Edward Crarosic William McMonagle John Patrick John J. Davis John 11 Price Daniel 1 tesmond John McQuillen Daniel Dyer John Cannon Philip Hill John Kilpatrick James McLaughlin Patrick Reily W. S. Thompson Patrick Sullivan Philip Gallagher Jamee Adams Coridy Patrick Edward Mullen II. W. Ehrel Jeremiah Keef Solomon J. Rowe William McGonegle John Brown William Pritchard David McCandless John A. Richards Frank Ward John Blair Thomas Mooney James Mc< Jracken John Reed Samuel Zellner John McFadden Benjamin Beidelman Thomas McMurtrie Pliar- Beidelman James Md P Han John McMurtrie Edward P ■ .:- men 47th Regiment, Pennsj 1- vanin Volunteeis. Three years service. Mus in from August 17II1 to September 20th 1861. Colonel, T. II. Good, Lieu tenant Colonel, -C. W. Ab- bott, Majors, Win. Caus- ler, Levi Stuber, |. W. Fuller, W. II. R. Hangen , Van Dyke, Fraucis Z. Heebner.W. II. Gink- inger. Company. B. E. P. Rhoads* II. A. Haltemairf Allen G. Palliett;; William II. Kleckner Thomas F. ( iourwine T. Bergenstock Charles E. Miller Edwin G. Minnich R. A. Hillard Allen ( iaumer John Ilouck Franklin Fatzinger Oliver 11 i.-key Matthew P. 'Fuller John Eisenbard Charles H. Knanss T. Reinsmith Harrison ( leiger Allen J. Reinhard Francis II. Strachley John A. Darrohn Thomas Miller Francis Xander Henry Strominger Alfred Eisenbrown < i . Assenheimer John Apple William Bieber Jacob Past Frederick Bohlen Henry Beltz II. Berg instock G Chamberlain Ephraim Clader John Dingier Solon, on Diehl Perry Eggye Peter Ferber Funk Evan < ieidner John ( rraver ( Iharles Baehman I lenry 1 1. K ramer Daniel < r. ' lehrhard Valentine Fisher ( reorge J. Weiss Henry Storch Henry A . Schwartz Lewis 1 1. Seip Aaron Pink Jesse Remmel James Hamilton Adam ( iarrett John D. Albright ( oriu lius Acker Jaceb Apple II. Bergenstock Alexander Blumer Lewis 1 1 . Brong Josiah Braden James Barry Thomas ( lope ( Jeorge I >eal Joseph Danohn Ambrose J )etrick John Flemming John Fries Edwin Fink William ( reisl William ( rangwere W. II. ( riukiuger Daniel E. Ilettle John Horn 6J Joseph Housman Alvin J. Hartzell Peter H. Halteman William II. Hilliard James A. Jackson Thomas James Allen L. Kramer Levi K n err Howard King William Kern Leander Labar Josiah R. Lentz John D. Lansteren Samuel Lutz George Mennig Dennis Miller Henry Miller Luther Mennig Philip Metzgar Conrad Meirknecht George Nunnenmacher Andrew Osmrn Henry Pauley Edwin Pa miner George Reichard Christian Keinhard Allen P. Rhoads Ernest Ruttman Nathan George Franklin Hiskey Thad. Heckworth William H. Hillard Francis Z. Hubner Levenas Hedrick George Jacob John Johnson John King Henry Knauss Henry Kramer Phaon Kein Alonzo Labar Martin Leisenring James F. Liegen James Lutz Charles Labold Albert Miller Barnett Morgan Levi Martin Joseph Mentz Charles A. Martin John T. Nixon Allen Newhard Charles Pfeifter Obidiah Pfeiffer Tilghman Ritz Peter Remmel Edwin Remmel George Rich Samnel S. Rogers J. D. Rabenold Edwin Reichard Franklin Rhoads George Shaneberger John E. Shaffer Isaac N. Smith Benjamin Smith William Smiley Casper Schreiner Aaron Serfass Charles Siegfried William Stuber August C. Scherer Charles Swenk Joseph Smith Charles Savity Allen W. Trexler James Tice Oliver Van Billard Charles Wagner William J. Weiss John Wieand Abraham Wolf Dallas Xander Josepe Young Henry Reinhard Joseph Repshar Haldeman Reymond John Seislove AV. H. Smith Barclay Smith Franklin B. Smith Charles Studley Hiram Schaffer Franklin Sieger James Springer Francis Stuber John Schimpf George Smith Thomas Steffen David Steffen Charles Trexler Christian Ungerer Martin Van Billard Nelson Wilhelm Harrison Wieand William Wieand Benjamin Wieand Franklin Young Daniel Young 190 men Company F. From Cat- asauqua. Henry S. Hart* Edwin Gilberty George W. Fuller;;; Henry H. Bush Thomas F. Lambert Richard H. Schwab John L. Jones Albert H. McHoe James W. Fuller Benjamin F. Bush F. Longenhagen Spencer Tettermer Martin O'Brien \\ alter Moyer James E Patterson Joseph H. Schwa I) Franklin Arnold David Tombler Peter Andreas David A. Akroth 62 Henry Buss Philip Bohner Stephen Boers Godfrey Betz Alfred Biege P. Bartholomew Charles Buss W. II. Bartholomew Augustus Eagle James Tait Joseph J, Lilly Johu W. Heberling William H. Glace William II. Funk Preston M. Rohn Joseph II. Walk Geo. H. Longenliageu Hubert Cunningham James M. Bush Augussus F. Eberhard W. H. Van Dyke James Putter Simon P. Kiefer David Andrews George Armsberg Hiram Beidleman William Barnhart Abraham Bauder Faustin Buyer E. Bartholomew Ernest Bender William Clader John Curran William Christ Frederick Coulter Samuel Dankel Frederick Engel Augustus Engel Henry Fa Ik George W. Frame Orlando Fuller David A. Frey John Guth Thomas B. Glick Addison It. ( leho Joseph Gross Wiiliam II. Hallenbach Joseph Hassle r Joseph Heck man Henry Hummel Joseph Hunsicker L. Hultzheieer Edwin Haldeman James Johnson Abraham Jassum Isaac C. Jacoby Philip King George Kline William Kuntz Owen Kern John C. Collins John H. Crotto Michael Deibert William Ebert Joseph Ebertz William Eisenhard Martin C. Frey Frederick Fisher William H. Fried Amandas Fritz Joseph Geiger Preston Gettys Rainy Grader Isaac Jacoby William Jordan Edwin Jassum William H.Jackson George Kerchuer Reuben Klein Nicholas Kuhns George King Charles King J. K. Longenhagen Peter S. Levan John Lucky Emery Lindster James Lilly Franklin Laubach Franklin Mensch Sydney J. Miller V. Miusenberger Peter Moser Joel Michael Daniel Newhard John O'Brien Edward Rensheimer Francis Roth Charles Rohrbacher Edward Remaly Matthew Smith Joseph Savitz Reuben Siegfried Samuel Smith Thomas A. Smith ( lottlieb Schrum Llewellyn J. Sleppy John G. Snyder Jefferson Kepner John Laub J. Laudenschl.ager Alfred Lynn Tilghman Lehr Lawrence McBride Joseph Mersch George Moll Uriah Moyer Philip McCue John Merkoffer Peter Moser Albert Newhard Michael O'Brien Thomas B. Rhoads Griff Rein hard Aaron Roeder Matthew Snyder David Sehaffer Samuel Snyder Francis Schafler Lucien Schroeder John G. Seider John Schreck Robert M. Sheetz 63 Michael Smith Peter Shireman Franklin Siegfried James Troxell Jacob Scholl James A. TrexJer George Youss Gilbert Whitcmau John P. Weaver James M White John Weiss Ambrose Weener Hiram Werkheiser Cenrad Warneck Franklin H. Wilson Adam Wuchter John Whorley Levi Werner William H. Moll W. H. Moyer William Oflhouse Henry Soltzman Harrison Lilly Charles H. Michael William Reiser Levi H. Getter Willirm H. Heberling George \\ . Hatter John F. Haldeman Osborne Hanser William Herman William A. Hauser 181 men Company C. Charles Mickley* John J. Goebelt Thomas B. Leisenring^ William H. Stettler Charles A. Hackman Henry T. Dennis Jacoh Worman Daniel Mertz Martin H. Hackman Jamee Crader Benjamin F. Schwartz Frederick Wilt Constant Losch William Hausler Solomon Becker Solomon Wieder William N. Smith Richard Arnbruin William Buskirk Benjamin Bortz C. W. Huntzberger Charles A. Henry Jamee W. Grades D. K. Diefenberfer John Pratt John G. Helfricd John W. Click Harrison Guth George Hepler John Kneller Nelsou Coffin R M. Fornwald Allen Wolf James Guidner Daniel Anspach Peter H. Bernd Jacob Blank Jeremiah Bern hard John Brensinger William L. Borger John Barton Joseph Barber Jacob H. Bowman John Becker Adam Bachman Thomas K. Crader John Curran Timothy Deterline Timothy Donahue Benjamin Diehl Henry Doll Charles Eckert William Eberhard Mantes Eisenhart Malrai Faust Joseph Fischer William C. Frame James Gaumer Preston B. Good John Great Henry C. Gracely John J. Harte Max J. Hallmeyer George T. Henry Henry Henn Levinus Hillegass Henry J. Hornbeck Philip Hower Jacob Rollinger George P. Butz Hiram Brobst David Buskirk Jacob Beidleman Alfred Boy n ton Edwin Crader Charles Carter Jacob Diehl Lewis Dennis Alpheus Keck Henry Daisor William L. Eschbach Milton A. Engelman Francis Everett Peter G. Fegely William Frick Ferdinand Fisher Henry Gelter Franklin T, Good Wiiliam Gupitill William Geissinger William Hertz Ed. H. Hunsberger Jonathan Heller Cornelius Heist Solomon Hillegass Franklin Hoffert John Heil Jacob Hay o4 John E. Helfrich Chsrles Kauffman William Keck Lewis Keiper George Knauss John Kremniill William Kennedy John Knntz J). Leibenspergar William Leiby George W. Lightfoot John Lasker Charles Mover Wellington Martin Frankliu C. Mertz William Martin Henry Meyer Orlando Miller Barney Montague John R. Moody Daniel Mead James Nodding Coudy O'Donnell Moses Peter Henry Rice George Reber William C. Reinsmith J. W. H. Stronninger Ambrose L. Schultz Christian Smith Charles Stem Frederick L. Jacoby Daniel T. Reiser Allen P. Kem merer James H. Knerr William H. Kramer Benjamin S. Koone Jacob Knappenberger Isaac Haas Emanuel Loetller Benjamin G.Lucas George Lehr John Lynn Nathan Miller Hiram Mertz William H. Mertz John Meissenheimer Edmund Miller Franklin Moyer Gideon Moyer William Mercer Benjamin F. Neur Franklin Oland Aaron Peter Francis Pf'eifFer Jenathan Reber Isreal Rein hard Jonas Scherer Francis Stuber Reuben L. Seip Daniel Sheetz John Schimpf Francis Sehmetzer Erwin Stabler Walter C. Smith Edmuud G. Scholl Henry Smith Carl Shorp W. H. Trumbower Luther M. Tooney John A. Ulig Fred. Vaughn Frederick Walter Edward Wieand George Wooten Reuben Wetzell Peter Weller George Xander William Young Jacob Stangala William Sieger Irwin Scheirer Christian Schlay Jeremiah Strahley Florence Sly Lewis Teichman Nathan Troxell Augustus Upman J. Martin Simon I). Wolf Frederick Weisbacb John E. Webster Jeremiah Westcott David Wieder Joseph Young Fngelbert Zanger Henry Zeppenfelt 195 men Company I. A. G. K. CoJenoan* Levi Stuberj" Theodore MinkJ James Stuber William H. Moyer Edwin Camp Owen Kuder Thomas J. Kerr Isreal F. Hartzell Charles H. Dankel Alviu J. Hartzell 1). H. Nunnenmacher Allen L»wall William II. Halteman Edwin Keiser Thomas Burke Charles Noll' Stephen Hettinger Joseph Hettinger Jefferson Kunkel Heiuy Miller T. W. Fritzinger John W. H. Diehl Joseph Kramer William Frack Tilghman H. Desh John Ben k hart Frank Allenspach Theodore Anderson John Bush John Bullard William Baker William Baumeister 65 John Burns Augustus Col vine William H, Dreisbach T. T. Drawbacd Frederick Drester L. Druckenmitler Peter Dopstadt Walter P.Fetzer Francis Farrall Owen Fetzer John Gross Henry Guthart A. Genstenlciter Samuel Guth Francis Gilden Eli K. Hunsberger Granville D. Hangen Francis Daufer Allen Knauss Michael Fitzgibbons Benjamim Huntzberger Whippelt Benkhart George Acher William Burger William Bayne Theodore Baker J. Bondeuschlager John Bartholomew James B. Cole John Clemmens Edwin Dreisbach John Dias Samuel Dillingham Conrad Eckhart Joseph Freeman William Fenstermacher Isreal Foy Charles Gross Alexander Great George T. Gross Allen P. Gilbert Solomon Gross Charles Henry Joseph Hawk David C. Hawk George W. Hartzell Uriah Henry Levi Kraft Xavier Kraff David F. Knerr Charles Klotz Ogden Lewis John J. La wall Franklin Leffler James Lutz Harrison W. Miller William Martin A.arou McHose Jesse Moyer Philip Miller John Mclntire Niholas McKeever Samuel Moss Alfred C. Pretz George Rhoads William Reed Witliam Radebne S. M. Rau ven bush William Schwartz Reuben Snyder David Shafler Henry C. Snavely Charles G. Sassaman William Smith Stephen Schechterly Frank Siegfried Albert Hiller William F. Henry Daniel Kramer Edwin Keiper Charles Kaucher Solomon Krecho Elvin Knauss Samuel Lutz Peter Lynd David Lost William Mensch Charles Matskowsky Oscar Miller Sylvester McCabe Leander Morrell Jeremiah Metz William McLaughlin Jacob Newhard Jacob Peter Cornelius Rowan Joseph Roekell James C. Roberston Marcus Roth Milton H. Stephens Levi Stein Jocob Seber Henry D. Spinner Frederick Scarbecker Gottleib Schweitzer Samuel Smith Charles Smith Francis Stick Jonas Snyder Joseph Stephens Isaiah Schlocter Clinton Sage Edwiu F. Trickier John Transue Isreal Troxell Daniel Vansyckle William Walter Henry W. Weil Henry W. Weiser Samuel Wirebach Lewis Warner Nathan Xander Peter Yeager Henry Schlaglr Frederick Stepoens Peter Stockschlager Levi Schoitt Henry Trask John Troxell James Van Syckel Eli Wieder Harrison Weil 66 Gideon Weiser William Whipky Daniel Wannemaker Francis Xander Joseph Yonkert Thomas Ziegler Frederick Ziegler 171 men Company K. George Jnnkert* Charles W. Abbottf Matthew Miller! Frederick Beisel Elias P. Benner John Bischoff Samuel Rein eat Peter Reinsmith Phaon Guth Edwin Moyer C. Weiderbach William Hinkel Nathan Handwerk David H. Fetterolf Alfred P. Schwoyer George J. Seherer Samuel Kumfer William Landis Conrad Volkanand W. H. Berger Mauoah Carl Edwin Person John Saylor Amos Slutter George Kruck Martin Guth William Knerr Daniel Fritz Benjamin Amy William Barr Francis Boger Henry A. Breinig M. Bornscheier Tilghman Boger William Brecht John Bower Peter Cope John Delp E. Druckenmiller Daniel D. Dackratt Philip W. Datzins Werner Erbe Charles Fisher Paul Ferg Rudolph Fisher Edward Frederick John Gulty Jesse Geesey Edwin Gross Jacob F. Hertzog Jonas Snyder Joseph Stephens Isaiah Schlocter Clinton Sage Edwin F. Trikler John L. Transue isreal Troxell Daniel Vansyckle William Walter Henry W. Weil Henry W. Weiser Samuel Wirebach William P. Heller Edward Houser John Hinderer Lewis Benner Joseph Frack W 7 illiam Schubard Valentine Amend Charles Acker Peter Barkemeyer Charles Bower Joseph Bachman W 7 illiam Barber Tilghman Breisch I^ewis Berliner William Carl. Francis Dankel John Dottery Alfred Diohl Lewis Dipple William Eastman William Frey John Fersch Joseph Freas Harrison Fegely Gottlieb Fiessle Benedict Glichler Lewis Warner Nathan Xander Peter Yeager Henry J. Schlagle Lewis G. Seip John G. Snyder Levi Stahley James Strauss Evan Strauss Andrew Snyder John Schimpf William D. Schick Matthias Gerrett Charles (I rim Charles Heiney Harrison Handwerk I lenry ' I ant z William A. Heckman Paul Houser George Hoffman George Kase William Keiter John W. H. Knerr Frederick Knell Jacob Kentzler William Seherer James Sieger John C. Siegel John Schuchard Josiah Siegler Christopher Ulrich James D. Weil Samuel Woodring Samuel Wolf Benjamin Zellner 67 Tilghman Sourwine William Snyder Anthony Krause George Killmore John Kolb David Klotz William Leonhard Daniel Long Elias Leh George Leonhard Abraham Landis Harrison Metzger Lewis Miller John Moser Lewis Metzger Paul Strauss Daniel Strauss William Sterner F. Sackenheimer John Scholl Alfred Smith Henry Savitz Frankliu Smith Charles Stout Lewis Sehneck Augustus Scheirer Henry S' Toole David Moesner John McConnell Patrick McFarland Conrad Nagle Charles Preston Martin Reifinger Charles Resch William Schrank Benjamin Shoemaker Nicholas Hagelgans Jacob Hull Abraham Keiter Edward Keller James E. Knerr John Koffler John Holdhotf John Keiser Moses F. Klotz I Iiram Kolb Julius Landmck W. A. Leibensperger Lewis Long Amandas Long Joseph Louis Solomon Long Jonas Metzger Peter Miller Samuel Madder Alfred Muthard Martin Mucnsch Jacob Madden William Noll Frederick Nessler Elias Ready Henry S. Romig Charles Richter David Semmel William Shoemaker Lewis Wasser Lovi Wagner Christian F. Wieland William Walbert 193 men 92nd Regiment, Pennsyl- vania Volunteers. Ninth Cavalry. Three years service. Mustered in the 29th of August, 186 1. Company A. Samuel Schueck Tilghman Mtller Daniel Becktell Ellis T. Hammersley Henry H. Mertz John Masenheimer Edward G. Yeager James R. Hammersley Charles Dickson Augustus Ebert Oscar T. Hoffman Victor Mataner Richard Saeger lo men 128th Regiment, Pennsyl vania Volunteers. 9 mos. service. Mustered in the 15th of August 1861. W. W. Hammersley, Lieu tenant Colonel. Company D, John P. Dillinger* Walter Seipf William Miller+ Franklin C, Waaser Stephen Schwartz William G. Moyer George F. Hawk Tilghman F. Horn Abraham Worman James Albright Frederick A. Boas Henry A. Berger Henry Burger Allen Blank Sylvester Burgen Dallas Dillinger Edwin W. Fried Daniel Fried William Glees Henry Good Peter Hillegass Phaon Hartman J. H. B. Jarrett George Keck William D. Miller John Nagle Benjamin C. Roth George Diefenderfer Frederick A. Ruhl Ignatz Grosser George Hox worth William Sowden Alonzo Kuntz William Graver Stephen A. Henry James S. Hoffert Philip Helweid Solomon S. Frederick Victor Fah ringer 68 l harles Nagel Peter Romig Clunk's Snyder Jeremiah Siegfried Jeremiah Traraue Herry Wieand William Wagner Richard Graufl Muses L. Klotz Nathan Keifer Emanuel Knauss J. B. Lichtenwalner Henry A. Breinig James A. Bieber Franklin Bower Mahlon H. Beary Edward Bloss Franklin Bloss Aaron Frederick James A. Jackson James Lutz David Maddren Henry Nagle Theodore Siegfried William W. Weaver James Wetzel John George Andrew Gang we re Rinehart Keiffer Harrison Knauss William Kern H. Nunen maker Henry K. Reiss Daniel Schleigler Henry G. Wagner Joseph Yingling Henry Peiffer Jacob H. Sutton Frederick Weaver Tilghman Peter Jacob Richard John E. SchafTer 84 men Companj ( ■ . Peter Huber* Daniel Miller ; James A. Lucas Benjamin F. Leech Preston Brock Charles A. Pfeiffer Reuben D. George John W. Stull James R. Ronoy Milton 11. Dunlap Wellington Martin George W. Hamilton William H. Schlosser Solomon H. Kramer Henry Weller David Hollenbach Lewis Fink Samuel Smith Tilghman J. Keek Willoughby Knauss Elias Andreas Robert Attreed George Berger Tilghman Bloss Thomas J. Brader J. Berkenmeyer Ira Coffin Albert Dorward Daniel J. Dillinger C. Fenstermacher William Fry Andrew Flata Thomas F. Good William A. Goranflo William llaas Henry Huber William Kenner Gabriel Kern James Krum Theodore Knauss John Lentz Henry Lucienbill Daniel Moyer David Miller William 11. Miller Menno Miller Samuel B. Parker David O. Pritchard William H. Keif/, Abraham Bechtel Reuben Kittner Henry W. Butz Levi F. Reidy Thomas J. Raynes Franklin S. Kitter Henry Shenton Benjamin F. Smith Henry Stout Jeremiah Sourwine Daniel Strand- John P. Weaver Daniel Weiss Henry Richard William J. Richard Griffith Schindler William Schnerr William G. Smith Henry H. Snyder Reuben Sorben John Watt Hiram Wilt Thomas //liner Milton W. Beaver Joseph Barries Lewis Daubert Charles Diefenberfer Hugh O. Davis James Eli Edwin Fretzinger David (Jaekenbach Aaron Krum L. W- O. Goranflo Mandas Henry Tilghman Jacoby Jeremiah Kern Alfred Klotz James Kunkle 69 Franklin J. Keck Jacob Loug Daniel F. Mertz Howard U. Manvill f lenry Merkel Franklin Mover William Mertz Emanuel Paules Paul Rehrig Jonathan W. Reber 98 men. 176th Regiment, drafted Militia. Nine month ser vice. Mustered in Nov. 7th 1S62. Company A. Levi Scbinoyer* Monroe H. Miller j Alexander Sing master | J. Franklin Mertz Jacob Geary Amatias W. Jacoby James G. Gorr Edward Doll Jacob Hinkel Simon S. Miller Henry Schmoyer John Bleiler Jacob Acker David Bexter Henry Bleiler David Derr William M. Flexer Lewis Eisenhard Levi Giering William F. Seip Lewis H. Reinhard Jonas F. Gorr Charles H. lli.-key Franklin D. Schmoyer Edwin Lorish William H. 11. Jarrett John Friess John Seislove Reuben Ahner Benjamin Boyer Frank Christman William David John Eiscnhard Augustus Fegely Stephen Fegely William Gorr Edward Harlacher William H. Hiskey James Haines John H. HofTber Alfred Haaz William Kehm Wiiliam Albitz Nathan Bortz John Fritz David Frederick Daniel Faust Linneus G ripply Amandas Knerr L. F. Laudenschlager John Mest William Miller Jacob J. Miller James Neu mover Benneville Oswald James Richard John F. Romig Alfred Sturk Henry Sch after Stephen Wieder James Weil John Ruhf Augustus Frederick William Gorman Jacob Horace John P. Haas John Haines Carolus Haas John Keck Amandas Kemmerer John Bernhard Sylvester Fugleman Joshua Fritz C. W. Kenstermacher William Guth Michael Kuder Milton Laudenschlager John Mayberry Jacob Moyer John Mongold Charles H. Nuso Moses Nelford Jacob Ritter William Rauo Amandas Stephens Tilghman Schwartz David Stewart William Wieder Josiah Rochel Nathan Rickcrt Charles Remsen Peter Schiflert Charles Smelsley Henry Smith Peter Shell Jacob Sorber Tilghman Wetzel 87 men. Company B Samuel D. Lehr* Daniel Knaussf John L. Culberstonj Franklin C. Balliett B. Frank Abbott Aquilia Knauss John A. Long John Fahringer John Lehman Milton J. Guth Samuel Roth Mosefi L. Schaadt William H. 11. Acker John Beidler Solomon Blank William Cope Alexander Kepple James Kline 70 Nathan Adam Jacob Bast Charles Frantz Alfred Guth William Herman William Kratzer Andrew Keck James Kichlme Solomon Long Andrew Lough ridge Adam Miller Joseph Moyer Milton Nunenmaker Daniel Roth Evan Strauss Lewis Schaller Esekias Wis&er Henry Schuler Henry Smith Peter Weaver Henry Lehr Solomon Miller William J. Minnich Frederick Oswald John David Alvin Fink Daniel F. Fink William Fry David D. Gilbert CharleB Heneinger Thomas Hoffman Samuel J. Kramer Tilghman Keinert William Kerr Solomon Ritter Aaron Beisel Joseph N. Ruch James Kuder James Knauss • Charles Beltz Aaron Fah ringer Lewis Gaumer Daniel George Henry W. Jarrett Dauiel Kerschner Edwil] Knell Charles Rich line Levi Levan Alfred Mover Tilghman Iieisel Allen J. Troxell Uriah Sanders Edward Steyer Alfred T. Bern ha id William Schaffer Edward Bauer Ferdinand Buchman Benneville Bart John Deily Edward Y. Engelman Charles Frick Abraham Miller John Moyer A Nunenmaker Edwin J. Sell Lewis Sell Jeremiah Speigle Charles Smith Madison Strauss Daniel Taylor James A. Yeager Elias Laser Nathan Muthard Franklin Miller Daniel Ferver Phaon H. Guth Joseph Gackenbach Michael Hauser Josioh Knerr Franklin Kline John Kuhns Daniel Pattison Joel Steines 102 men* Company D. David Sehaa.lt* Charles L. Koch* Samuel A Brownt John Morgan | Silas T. Biery Joseph Koch Jacob Herling John Lindenmuth William J. Frantz Henry Lorish [saac George Gideon Moyer Charles Menuingle Robert New hard Herman Peter Joseph Protzellen Henry Schaffer Thomas Scheirer Philip Siegle Reuben Snyder Frederick Scherer Aaron Wenner Henry Lauer Charles Miller Peter Miller Patrick Nugent Henry Oisander Jacob Roth Frederick Schermer Is real S ch mover Tilghman Smith Edwin Trively Joseph Youukert Isaac Moyer Adam Miller Samuel Oldt Willoughby Peter Amandas Reinert Lewis Scheirer Edwin Biehl Andrew Buder Edwin Diehl Christian Flarkle Charles Gross Moses Hauser Jehu Herman Evan Holben 71 Nathan Hauser Renadei* Kleckner Lewis R. Brown Francis Carter Lranklin Snyder William Smith Milton Snyder Adam Tuckert William Wright John Link Abraham Miller Nathaniel Moll Edmund Newhard Solomon J. Rawe Allen Roth Matthew Schwerer Moses Semmel Philip Storm James Frietz William Harmony William Hunt Jnhn Kifrle Isaac Laub George Loeb William Merkley Josiah Kern Jesse Warn bo Id Reuben Helfrich Josiah Saeger Lewis Miller Joseph Millet- Frank Gorden Alexander Brown James Bates Peter Bowman M. Druckenmiller George Eisenhard Anthony Fogel William Hauser Henry Hausman Charles Holy William W'ilson Alfred Miller John Martin David Lauchner Jacob Kopple Jacob Kromer Philip Horn James Fucherty Phaon Diehl Samuel Clader Louis Kratzer Stephen Kechline Lewis Hopper 101 men. Company E. Tilghman Sleiker* Peter Graybillf Henry Wierbach.j; John Hohe John Albright Charles Rockel Joel Roth Larus Koch Charles Hohe Heury Sleiker Samuel Furry Lucas Baumer William Ziegler William Hohe Christian Neuchler Frederick Binder Charles Breisher James Carroll John Deri- Francis Dimmel J. Fenstermacher Samuel Faust William O. Hartman George M. Hoffman Jacob Hopper Levi Knerr Samuel Kern Paul Michael John Bergland William Brown David Elms: Nathan Ebert Franklin Finey Edward Garlioh Adam Klauss George D. King Frederick Martin Samuel Mack Charles Ziegenfuas Henry Billard John Albright Alfred Butz Hiram Burger Henry Chron Edward Dallas Willoughby Egner Franklin Fritzinger Charles Ferguson John Hower John Hartman John Johnson Isaac Kloughertz Reuben D. Long Joseph Moory John Boyd James Crader Henry Ehe William Ebertz Edwin Gernet Alfred George John A. Kncrr Edward Klauss David Mack Tilghman Rebert t'yrus Reifenderfer Edwin Rex Henry H. Rex Blias Schneck Jeremiah Schneck Henry W. Steibling Henry Smith Conrad C, Wolf Valentine W r right Alfred Yehl Samuel Yehl Lewis Zerfass 72 Eliaa Roth Ephraira Schreiber Harrison Simons Peter Snyder Tilgbman Stchley Joseph Rickert Reuben Roth Willoughby Schaifer 1 lilary Schneck Johu Samuel Johu Wittmer .Jonas Wright Charles Yehl William Wright Joseph Yehl Mano Rockel Oliver Roth Moses Stei ninger Samuel Smith Josiah Steckel Matthew Winsch 98 men Company I. Alfred F. Creitz* Lewis Harmony t William GjrosscupJ Wm.H. Gassier Stephen Stiegerwalt Levi Stiegerwalt Manassah Behler Allen Xander Amandas Harmony Henry B. Creitz Daniel Moose David Horn David Wartman Michael Bachert Owen Grosscup Reuben Daubert Levinus Smith Thomas Everett Daniel Bachman Charles Smith Elias Herber Thomas Brauscher Henry Billig C. Druckenmiller Joseph Deugler Jonas ( irim Henry Hartraui't Levi Greenawalt William Henninger Anthony Coleman Willoughby ('amp William Freed Edwin Hermany Owen Krauss David Kistler Edwin Koenig Jacob Moser John Miller Robert McDaniels Samuel Sechler Samuel Arnold Lewis Schultz Dennis Northstein Levi S. Follweiler Reuben Hunsicker John Shappel Jacob Hartman Samuel Follweiler Daniel Billig Jacob Brobst Charles Deppe Edward Everett Joseph Hausman William Eckroth Daniel Heintzelman Jefferson Kunkel Daniel Creitz John Camp Joseph Handwerk Samuel Knecht Benjamin Kunkel Stephen Leh Samuel Loch Johu Miller Lewis Miller I )ani( 1 Olenwine Isaac Oswalt Jonas Phillips Solomon RJegel Reuben Phillips Charles F. Reed Harry Snyder Daniel Smith John F. Snyder Benjamin Weida Elias Zellner Solomon Zettlemoyer Jacob Oswalt Benjamin Ranch Thomas Ruch Adam Rupple Jacob Schoedler Bonneville Smith Samuel Wagoner William Sicks Henry Schwens Henry Sizelove Charles Winderholder 88 men. Company K. S. C. Lee* George Neitz* Edwin Seiberty Philip W. Flores' George G. Rodenberg Daniel Schantz Charles Heil William M. Roeder Willoughby Stoudt Henry Bower Robert Groman William Williams William E. Bennedict Willoughby Bander George Repp William H. Wieand James F. Smith Eugene T. Tool John F. Fegely 73 Thomas F. Mohr George Knoll John Dice Martin Ackerman Benjamin Roth Elias Dieh] Josiah Doney Franklin Dieter David Fisher Charles Furry Addison Fry David Gery Richard T. Jones William Heil John Brecht Franklin Flores Franklin Weidner Levi Schuler Charles H. Staudt Joseph Koons Amandas Rick William Shiffert John Trombauer William B. Williams Samuel Sebafier George Schmoyer Jeremiah Swartz G. Laudenschlager David Rudolph William Sicher Solomon Fritz Tobias Gehrhart William Knoll Isaac Klein David Kriebel John Lewis Henry Mohr Amos Miller John T. Roberts Michael Nuss Lewis Rein bold Francis Schaffer Edwin Weil John Wolf Nathan Seibert Jacob I). Stauffer Jeremiah G. Steichter Daniel Thomas George Y. Stein John D. Schell Charles Schell S. Rothenberger Gottlieb Phflueger Solomon Mill Seth Miller Jesse Mangold Wil lough by Doney William Ettinger Charles J. Fegely Enoch Field Eli George William Heft Solomon Hallman Jonathan H. Bickel Bern hard Beh ringer S. Leibensperger James Kidd John Knoff William Jones Daniel Heimbach John A. Griffith Jonas Fritz 76 men. 202nd Regiment, Penn- sylvania volunteers. One year service. Mustered in August 30th 1864. Company E. Walter H. Seip* Benjamin C. Rothy James A. Lucas J Alfred Meilin Jeremiah Transue Henry Weiaud George Benson Henry Wittenmeyer Frankl.n Brobst Madison Coles Lewis Fluck John D. Gangwere David Gackenbach Albert Herman Franklin J. Kromer Harrison S. Kern Adam Koch Willoughby G. Kuhns William Knauss Levi Kraft Aaron Moyer John Nagle, Sr. Theodore Nagle William Reinhard William F. Reinhard Joel Sterner Augustus Schitz John Schaffer Joseph Trumbower Depue Ueberoth Henry Burger William Boeker Frank Ernst Thomas Baker Franklin Doyle William Fusselman Amos Glees John Gorman Edwin Hess William Kieffer Anthony Kleinsmith James Kern Edwin Knechel John Keiffer Henry Knerr David M. Miller Aaron P. Nagle John Pettitt Lewis F. Ruhf Emanuel Reinhard Aaron Fredeick Milton W. Reichard C. Laudeuschlager Henry D. Brown Jacob H. Burger 74 Jeremiah Beidelman ( reorge 1 1. ( iood Alfred Smith William H. II. Trexler John Kncrr Eugene Stettler Milton Kichline Henry Smith Hiram F. Schaffer Edwin Troxell Jeremiah Biery Henry E. Burger Augustus Bechtel Henry Deri- Nathan Gaumer Amandas Hackman Charles Hartman James J. Kunkel William Lentz Jesse Lehman James Moore Harrison Miller Lewis Miller William Osman Herman Stettler Franklin Smith Milton Saeger Edwin Schertinger George Wolf Harrison Young Moses Hoffman Henry Kleckuer Uriah Keck Charles Lick William A. Lynn Nathan Miller Addison J. Knauss Augustus W. Mennig Eli L. Eatzinger Allen D. Burger George Burger J. Bartholomew- John Young John Vogel Jacob A. Smith Jacob Strickler Frederick Saxenbeimer Hiram Parker John Nagle Jr. David Miller 1(M» men 209th Regiment, Pennsyl vauia volunteers. One year service. Mustered in September 14th 1864. Company H. William II. Millei* William Kern- Lewis Fink J Albert Dor ward John Lutz William Marshall A. O. Frankenfield Penrose Rex William Coftin Paul Michael David Overbolt William Morton Jr. William Keener Cornelius Fagen Tilghraan Wagner James Snyder Levi Ziegenfuss Lewis Kratzer Thomas Arnold Moses Allender George Blocker Jacob Christ John Darrohn Jacob Ebert William Edwards Milton Eckert Jarrett Ferber William Greissley Jeremiah Geiger Tilghman Hartzell Charles Holy Aaron Handwork Michael Herlev John Kresslei Francis Kuhns Albert Kleckuer Hiram Kratzer Jonathan Klotz Henry Levan Cornelius Lentz James Mace Ephraim Michael Amandas Moyer Joseph Arnold Reuben Brader Wilson Benninger William Clark Francis Develin John Eastman C. F. Engelman O. H. C. Fallweiler William German Amandas Gernett Anthony Gehrig Tilghman Handwerk James N. Hersh Hezekiah Hippie John Jones Charles Krauss Josiah Klotz Jacob Koch Samuel Keiffer James Kane Jehu Lawrence Edwin Loch Moses Metzgar Henry Meyers Thomas Murray Samuel Mace William McDonald William Nagel Elihu Oswald Robert Ohl Joseph Rex Samuel Roth William Rube William Rex 75 Ed wiu Rex Tilghman Ruber John Snyder Henry Sell David Y. Williamson Thomas West Francis Weayer Patrick McCann William Nicholas Kobert Newhart Peter Oswald Emanuel Paules Francis Rabenold Alfred Ritter Robert F. Roberts Lewis Rex Irvin Rober Amandas Roth Charles Shiffert Simon Snyder Henry Weiss Henry W. Weiss Matthew Zimmermon 98 men MILITIA 5th Regiment was organ- ized. September I3thi862 The field and staff officers were H. C. Longecker Col onel, j. B. Clemens Lieu- tentant Colonel, Melchior Horn, Edwin D. La wall, Milton J. Kramer, George Mish. William M. Culver Thomas Metzgar, Elisha Forest, Jacob Wolle Geo. C. Hand. Company C. Isaac N. Gregory^ B. J. Hagenbachj Benjamin SweitzerJ William Kress Simeon Price Tilghman Ketnmerer William Desch John Stopp Isreal Yingling Charles Arthur William Basher Jeremiah Beidleman William Burnham James Christ Henry Cole George Diefler Milton Eckert Edward Y. Engleman Franklin Freed Amos Guth Walter Getter Peter Hartman Henry Heckmau Solomon Helfrich Moses Kehra William Keyser Daniel Kaiper Daniel Keyser Francis Kramer William Lind Benjamin Lucas David Miller Charles Present Solomon Reinsmith Charles Reinsmith James Ritter Joseph Ruhe Henry Seagreaves Edwin Hittle Edward Young E. F. Powell Alfred Ettinger E. Roth Edward Shiffert Charles Apple Jeremiah Biery Henry Bitting J. Burger Washington Christman Dennis Diefenderfer Solomon Dorney Edwin Strauss Paid Wald Benjamin Wswald Alfred Peter James Reinsmith Samuel Hitter Joseph Kay Solomon Reinsmith Sebastian Silliman ih fe'nyder D vi Smith Willoughby Shoemaker 1 [orace Troxell Philip Werley Robert Young 7'i men Company K. Charles Mertz* Abiel Heilmani Henry freed J, Thomas Snyder John A. Young Henry C. Huber Daniel Smith Jeremiah Transue William Haae Sylvester Weller Charles C. Moore Blackford Barnes Adolph Clauss Edwin Deseh Tilghman Frederick Benjamin Fatzinger Benjamin Fink Andrew Gangwere .lames Gallagher Moses Hoffman Solomon Jleberly Henry Hardner John Hill Jul win Jacoby Henry Kein merer William J. Reichard William G; Mover Henry Trexler Milton Bieber David Hardner John Lent/. Stephen A. Henry Samuel Apple Charles Bennett Hugh Cassily John Eisenhard Robert Fatzinger Daniel Fritz Charles Gorr John ( iorr ( hai les Hart ( leorge 1 [and David Howard Philip Hill Philip Helvert Charles Kramer Harrison Kern Willoughby Kern John LaRoche George Miunieh Henry Moore John Manhart Aaron Mover John Musonheimer Andrew Nagle Tilghman Ott W erner Ruhe Edward Reichard Christian Stahley Hiram Schaffer Joseph Stempfle William Landis Josiah Leferre Owen Metz William Moore John Mover Josiah Doll Wilson Moyer Theodore Nagle William Ruhe Lewis Roth Amandas sieger Tilghman Steinberger Ludwig Schultz 75 men. Captain. I Lieutenant, t 2nd Ijcutcntant. d\ The whole number of men furnished by Lehigh county during the Civil War of 1861 to 1865, was 2863. The number of men killed in battle were 83, number of men wounded in battle 64, number of men that died in camp were 233, number of men captured by the Confederates were 257, number of men that were drowned were 3, number of men, missing in action were 49, and 483 men mention- ed as killed and wounded and missing, making a total lose of 1218 men. ALLEN GUARDS. They were one of the first companies that responded to the Nation's call for volunteers for the defense of Washington. The First Regiment did garrison duty but not engaged in any battles. The Ninth Regiment did also garrison duty and was not in any battles. The Forty sixth Regiment was in the following battles: Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Get- tysburg. Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw, Peach Tree creek, Pine Knob, Marietta, Atlan- ta. The loss of the Regiment while in the serviee was 241 men. The Forty-sev- enth Regiment was in the following battles, St. John's Bluff, Jacksonville, Poeota- ligo, Red River expedition, Shenadoah campaign, and loss during its service was 538 men. The Ninety-second Regiment was in the following engagments, Leba- non, Moore's Hill, Tompkinsville, Richmond, Ky., Shelbyville, Perry ville, Frank- lin, Rover, Middleton, Cowan, LaFayette, Chickamauga, Dan bridge, Newmarket, Mossy creek, Fair Garden, McMinnsville, Lovejoys, Macon, Bear creek, Waynes- boro(2), Buckhead creek, Buckhead church, Aiken, Lexington, Black Stakes, A.v. erysboro, Bentonviile, Raleigh, Hillsboro, Morrisville. Their loss was very heavy. This Regiment, had the honer of firing the last gun before the surrender of Gener- al J. E. Johnston. The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment was in the battles of Antietam, where it lost 34 men in killed and 85 men wounded, and at Chancellorsville where 250 of their number were taken prisoners. The One Hun- dred and Seventy sixth Regiment did garrison duty at Newberne, N.C.and Hilton Head, S. C. The Two Hundred and Second Regiment was in the battle of Salem and guarding rail roads in the Shenadoah valley, during Generla Sheridan's cam- paign. The Two Hundred and Ninth Regiment fought in the battle of Chapin's Farm, Mead Station, Petersburg and Appomattox court house. The Fifth and Twenty-seventh Regiments(Militia of 1802) were organized to aid in repelling the invasion of the Confederate army. The Thirty-eighth Regiment(MiIitia. of 1863) guarded property, repairing rail roads and gathering Confederate stragglers after the battle of Gettysburg. The Fortyfirst Regiment (Militia of 1863), saw service at South Mountain and guarding property. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, 1898. Cornpauies B. and D., 4th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers were from Lehigh county. The officers from our county were Charles O'Neill, Lieutenant Colonel; W. 1». Mickley, Major; Morris F. Cawley, Surgeon Major; Frank D. Beary, Adjutant; J. How. ard Mart/., Sergeant Major; Harry Bower, Quartermaster Sergeant. Company B. William F. Weiss I reorge Wieand James A. Medlar* Otto R. Wollmuth George A. Rex Charles I). Rhoadsi Lewis Spangler dame.- F. Wieand Orlando MillerJ Edward Fried William Bower Oswell W. Reidy Wilson Desch William Smith 82 1 1 airy Christ Harry Lambert Ralph Weaver George Kneeht Joseph Peters John Abbott Roy Applegate Frank Bartholomew William Buck land Frank I). Baughardt Frederick Becker Albert Connolly Charles E. Clader Percival Confer Adam Epp Ray Percival Harvey Frantz Victor Geist Ernest Gross Tilghman Ginkinger Edward Goheen S. A. Hammar Peter Hertzog J. Allen Newhard William Rnch Orange M. Frantz John Thomas Hugh Stevens, Jr. Frederick Able Harry Adams Harry Balliett Guy Brown John Bloss William Benson Solomon Brown W. W. Cox Charles Campbell Harry Elliott Clinton Fenstormacher Robert E. Frantz Howard E. Gaugler .Morns Gehring John Gallmoyer Leidy Garnet Frantz Hall Harvey Held William Hohe Allen Hagenbach Frank Hildenburger George Haf'uer Edwin Hoats Franklin Kramlich William Kunkel Raymond Kerschner George Lutz Austin Leidy Francis Laudenschlager William Labold Charles Matten Robert Miller John Moyer David McMahon Herman Kaiell Fred Reichard Frank Schreiber George Steinberger Paul Smith John Thomas William Trump Henry Weibel Walter Ward David Yates Henry Her&h John Helwig Frank Hagei Albert Reener John Kahler Albert Kramer Edmund Lloyd Frank Lynn Newton Leidy ( Hem en t Lawskowski Robert Martz Robert Mest Calvin Mover Charles Miller Herman Nikalai William Pierce John Schick, Jr. Frank Seislove Charles Schlioher Paul Schantz Paul Tilton Thaddens Weaver Philip Walters John Wotring 110 men. Company D. Charles Spangler* Evan Wittemyerf Samuel Chubbuck| George Shillinger Elmer Amey Oscar Neflf Oliver E. Miller El ward Rose Morris Knauss Oscar Keinert Barney McMulty John Wetherhold Robert Quinn William Hering Frank Ahlum Edwin Burn hard George Hamersley Edwin Keck William Wittemyer Edgar German Martin O. Laughlin Calvin Boehm Harrison Burger Harry Bush Charles Chubbuck Michael Connolly Horace Dennis Charles Draper Ira T. Eudy Patrick Gallagher Richard Moerder George Wieder Harry Dietrich Wellington Koch 83 John Roberts John Potts Harry Geansley Edwin Eagle William Bechtel Allen Berger Joseph Boehmer Harry Burger Herbert Boorse Wm. Collins Ira Danner Isaiah Dennis Alvin Eitner Dallas Frankenfield Irwin Gaugler John Hartzell Harry Heist Charles Hertzog John Home Edward Jacoby Walter Kleckner Lewis Krick Charles Lester Daniel McCoauaghy Charles Miller Eil win Mosser Edward Nagle Henry Nonnemacher Lewis Oswald Franklin Ott Riles Raub George Ruhmel Lewis Scharler Oliver Schmuk John Soott Harry Sensabach John Smith Robert Steinmetz Edwin Seislove William Sassaman Herbert Trumbauer George Hersch Lewis Hildebrand Elmer Hoffort Edwin Keiper Henry Kressley Elmer Kuhns Robert Lucas Patrick Mahon Harvey Miller Harry Moyer Allen Neff Fred Oberholzer Harry Obeily Reefe Raub Calvin Reitz Harvey J. Saul William Scheirer George Sehwartz Leonard Sefing Jeremiah Simons Henry Steinbicker George Stevens William Schell Joseph Troxell Charles Wagner Edward Wagner Harry A. Weaver William Weinsbeger Herbert A. Warg Soseph C. Rerwick Adam B. Weaver Harry Wetherhold William INI. Wieand Oswald A. Yehl Harvey E. Ziegler 110 men The following served in other companies. Boas Hausman James Roxberry Jefferson Mosser Edwrrd Reichard Ray Tice Paul Ellenberger S. Marsh Preston Fritz Warren Boyer Warren Heimdach Edward Malburg Jerry Newhard William Wetzel William Fry William AValker Allen Whisky Oliver Diehl Will Hoxworth Faank Beisel Jacob Nixon William Baines G. W. C. Snyder Arthur Yocum Frank Reese Lewis Baker Charles Osmun William S. Roth 27 men * captain, f Lieutentaut | 2nd Lieutentaut. The number of men who were from Lehigh county in the war were 253 men. 84 CHAPTER XIV. Post Offices, Attorneys, Physicians, Etc. TOST OFFICES. Alburtis* Allentown f (c h) Balliettsville Best Breinigsville Catasauquaf Cementon Centre Valley* Cetronia Claussville Coopersburg* Coplay* Coming Deibertsville Dillinger Dilliugersville East Texas Eckert Egypt* Emaus* Emerald Fogelsville* Friedensville* Fullerton* Germansville Gutb's Station Haafsville 1 I oilman's Hokendauqua^ I toseDsack 1 1 ynemansville I ronton Jacksonville Jordan Jordan Valley Lanark Laury's Station Lehigh Furnace Limeport Litzenberg Locust Valley Lowhill Lynn port Lynuville Lyon Valley Macungie* Mick ley's Minesite Minnich Mosserville Mountainville Neffa New hard New Tripoli Old Zionsville Orefield Plover* Powder Valley Ringers Risingsun Rittersville Rockdale Saegersville Saucona Schaailt.f Scbeidy Schnecksville Seiberlingsville Seipstown Shimeryille Schoencrsville Sigmund Slatedale* Slatingtonf Standard Steinsville Stettlersville Stines Corner Switzer Trexlertown* Vera Cruz W alberta Wannaroaker Weidasvdlle Weissenberg Werleys Corner Wescoesville Zionsville Money order offices. t International money or- der offices. c h Court house. ATTORNEYS. From 1812 to 1901 Henry Wilson John Ewing Charles Davis Samuel Runk John S. ( ribbons John J. Wurtz John S. McFarland Samuel A.Bridgee Jesse W. Griffith Augustus F. Boas Robert E. Wright John I>. Stile- Nathan Miller Robert S. Brown 85 Frederick J. Heller Henry King John Evans John D. Roney Henry Jarrett Andrew L. King Silas H. Hickox John W. Horn beck Phaon Jarrett Peter Wickoff H. C. Longecker William P. Miller Silas E. Buzzard Charles M. Runk Charles W. Cooper Jame3 S. Reese J. Depuy Davis Edmund J. Moore v El is ha Forrest William S. Marx Henry W. Bonsall Gilbert G. Gibbons James R. Struthere Ail am Woolever Uriah Brunner John H. Oliver William H. Ainey George B. Schall H. PI. Schwartz A. B. Schwartz R. Clay PI a in merely Arnold C. Lewis Robert S. Ley burn Henry A. Bigler A. W. Ley burn Evau Holben Edwin Albright Jacob S. Dillinger Thomas B. Metzgar ' F. A. R. Balbwin Mahlou H. Biery Wm. H. Sowden John Rupp Edward Harvev Levi Schiuoyer \X n\. H. Deschler Henry S. Floyd C. J. E nl man Eli ( i. Schwartz David Roper H. C. Hunsberger Wm. H. Glaoe Samuel A. Butz W. 1). Luckenbach George H. Rupp R. E, Wright domes S. Biery Joseph Hunter Wm. S. Young J. Winslow Wood M. L. Kauffman George K. Wilson James B. Deschler E. A. Muhlenberger E. A. Loch man Harry F. Kramer Win. P. Snyder J. M. McClure Willis J. Forrest Nathaniel M. Orr Oscar E. Hoi 1 man M. C. L. Kline John M. Kessler M. G. Henuiuger W. PI. Muschlitz Ed pill Stine A. G. Dewalt Thomas Foley R A. B. Hmisman Henry W. Rose Albert Erdman James Schaadt A. B. Longaker Charles Runk Harry Stile* J. L. Marsteller W. Lichtenwaluer Allen Focht Morris Hoats John P T lrich S. S. Duffy W. LaMonte Gillette Henry ( lerman Thomas Gross Wm. J. Stein J. M. Wright F. G W. Runk Philip MeNultv T. F; Dieienderfer F. M. Trexler E. V. Schooh Henry 0"Neill A. P. Crilly E. H. Renninger H. A. Weller Enos Erdman - M. E. Schaadt Jonas Kline E. F. Lichtenwalner Morton Martin D. R. Home Clinton Groman Oscar Stein E. E. Butz F. T. L. Keiter A. Iv. Biery Austin Glick A. N. Ulrich Wilson Mohr J. J. Snyder A. H. Sieger Frank Jacobs Reuben Butz Samuel Kistler John Schwartz Robert Schiffert Ralph Metzgar Calvin Arnor Leo Weiss C. D. Thomas P'rancis Lewis Gcorce Lutz 3b H. Cyphers Robert Taylor James Bowen J. T. Schantz Frederick Wittman Joseph StofHet Malcolm Gross Max Erdman Joseph Slough ( ). R. Leidy George Spang Marcus Hottenstein Ira Erdtnan John Diefenderfer Jacob Erdman Victor Tice George Aubrey PHYSICIANS. J. D. Christman John Kocher Thomas Martin P. E. Stem James Graver Henry Saylor John Hendricks Josiah Kern Solomon Bernd Abraham Fetherolf Samuel Young Eugene Dickenshied D. Eritch William Herbst Charles Keim John Romig Frank Schlough William Erdman M. E. Hornbeck Henry Riegel W illiani Schlough S C. D, Fogel Henry Helfrich William Hassler Thomas Cooper J. A. Fetherolf F. W. Quig Henry Grim W. Histler Philip Palm Aaron Miller Edwin Martin Wilson Berlin Constantine Martin Robert Young Harvey Horn George Romig N. T. Hall man W. J. Lochman Peter Meyer Frank Erdman William Romig John Helfrich Albert Erdman William Romig Alfred Martin Daniel Yoder Mouroe Holben S. A. Apple John Laross Robert King M. J. Kline Thomas Nagle Charles Martin Charles D. Martin John Trumbauer Jacob Miller Eugene Mohr John Diller Thomas Straseer Louis Collins D. W. Folhveiler E. L. Pveichard Ralph Sowden Orlando Fegely Cliarles Apple William Hartzell Charles Meyer Mahlon Hill Tilghman Koons Daniel Hiestand Francis Ritter Albert Miller Joshua Sciberling Henry Clemens Edwin Miller .1. I ). Erdman Josiah Koch Fred Seiberling Daniel Shade Francis Frietag John Dickenshied E. S. Beaver L. B. Balliet Wilson Kistler E. G. Steinmetz Jeremiah Bowers H. T. Trumbauer Nathaniel Ritter F. M. La u bach W. E. Loyd Jame6 Cole Roger Hunt Palm Helfrich Thomas Scherer W. II. Hamersly William Rentzheimer Abraham Kistler Agnes Schlough B. P. Backus John Brobst Harvey Bean Charles Brobst Augustus Bancroft Louis Berkemeyer Oscar Blank Cornelius Bartholomew A. J. Becker Elmer Bruch William Brader Albert Bjttner Joseph Blanck Alfred Barrall Robert Blakslev 87 G. T. Fox Jacob Feisel Gerhard Frick Robert Frey Harry Feller Ambrose Gery William Garvin Frank Garis E. A. Gearhart Edward Grewer Nathaniel Guth William Hacker C. L. Johnstonbangh Edwin Kirk pat rick Alvin Kern John Kressly Bertram Klotz Eugene Kistler Nelson Kistler Edgar Klotz Isaac I. Kalbach Morgan Kern Frank Kessler Jesse Kistler John A. Laros F. M. Laubach E. J. Longshore Henry Leh James Lowright John Lehr Andrew Lieb William Laros Walter Levan Charles A. Moyer Miles MacLaggart Howard Mickley Jason Moore John Mack Thomas Nagle Nathaniel Peter James Pelles Welcome Powell Henry Riegel John A. Roth William A. Riegel Albert. Sovereen Oscar Schaeffer Edward Sell William Schantz Augustus Soper Charles Schaeffer Peter Steltz Daniel Shade Harvey Snyder Charles Seler W. O. Smith Harry Snyder George Seiberling John Siggins Samuel Swavely Peter Bleiler Morris F. Cawley Anna C. Clarke Charles Dare Henry Dunnell William Estos Horace Erb William Eschbaeh Edwin Eshleman John Egge Roger Hemt John A. Helfrich A. H. Howard William Hertzog George Haas Henry Herbst irvinF.Huff Franklin J. Holbeu Emanuel Howerter A- Eugene Heimbach Mattie M. Hassler John Trumbauer Dallas Trumbauer A. H. Trumbauer Peter Wickert Joseph Weller Samuel Weam Charles Weida David William John Williams Mitchell Walter Henry T. Wickert Martin Yost Norton Yeager Alfred Yost Nathan Ziegenfuss Roderick Albright M. J. Backenetoe E. M, Bingaman John S. Behm John N. Baner Jacob T. Butz Henry Carmichael Leo F. Elsion Howard Fehr Robert Fly Irvin Huebner James L. Hornbook George Hubbell William Hertz Henry Keim Allan Kisner Palmer Kress George Krauss LeRoy Lechner George Lazarus H. A. Litzenberger Wallace Lowright E. S. Mantz R. C. Peters Franklin Scheirer Robert Strasser H. T. Wickert EMINENT DIVINES Joseph H. Dubba R i: N. S. Strassbtirger R* A. J. G. Dubbs R* William II. Helfrich R* Eli Keller R • E. J. Fogel R \. \[. Huitholomew'R J. H. Dubba R W. H. RichardB L* Joshua Yeager L* S. K. Brobst L* J. Sehindel L* \V. H. Rath L* T. L. Seip L J. D. Sehindel L S. A. Repass L J. A. Singmaster L Win. Wackernagel L C. J. Cooper L J. Wood P* W. H. Heil U. E. C. K. Fehr E J-C. Bliem E A. R. Home L J. A. Little P M. C. Peters R :: Deceased. R. Reform- ed, L- Lutheran, P. Pres- byterian, U. E. United Evangelical, E. Evaugel- cal Association. TEACHERS. Teachers that were grant- ed Permanent Certicates from 1868 to 1901. R. K. Buehrle R. Clay Hainmereley F. W. Siegfried F. G. Bernd J. O. Knauss G. W. Brinker E. D. Rhoade Anna M. Smith Kate M. Smith George P. Bates Miss E. J. Haines Miss A. E. Reichard William K. Derr Henry G. Paff Samuel C. Lee B. C. Snyder R. A. Little A. F. K. Krout .1. F. Jacoby Rebecca Sigley Edwin H. Breder Charlotte Bear Cecelia Wonderly F. S. Hartzell Owen K. Wilt Wm. T. Morris William H. Albright Joel P. Geiger Theodore Smith Edward Hermany Win. R. Henninger Edwin Hoilman George M. Kunkel E. A. Troxell E. J. Young F. B. Heller Mrs. C. H. Stoneback M. N. Bern hard Lewis P. Heoker B. F. Abeott L. B. Landis R. H. Krainm Ella T. Gabriel Annie F. Schwartz Lewis]H, Jacoby A. N. Ulrich Peter A. Lantz Frank J. Stettler Clara A. Unger Miss E. J. Young Win. H. Knauss J. Winter Rogers Miss L. J, Busse M. R. Schaffer J: H. Muschlitz T. F. Frederick Alvin Rupp F. D. Raeb M. F. Cawley P. B. Oswald Laura E, Busse J. George Kersehner C. II. Rboads Solomon F. Rupp Henry F. Rupp H. F. Rosenberger U.S. Scbell Sarah J. Mclntyn M. Lizzie Steltz Margaret Sykes Wm. S. Erney E. A. Nunnemacber I. A. Conrad A. R. Litter 0. J. Heilrnan Mary M. Craig Hannah Davis J. J. Hauser George Kilpatrick Henry D. Andreas P. J. Lantz Anna Goth F. A. MeCarlerty M. V. McCafferty James F. Guth P. B. Nuss Maggie Roberts Chester A. Frantz X. N. Benfield E. R. Hottle Carrie Koons Clinton X. Bauder W. H. Nunuenmaker ^ r . B. Neumoyer W. 0. Lichtenwalner S. K. Wetzel O. P. Leh Samuel Kern Maurice Schmale 11. W. Stephen A. G. Romig Annie Haas A J. Herber R. I). Wot ring Kate Lees Amanda Funk LofC. 89 13. W. Benedict Miss Sarah McHenry R. McMonagle J. W. Gernert W. E. Hoffman Annie Conaghan C. S. Riuikel Henry Kistler Carrie Wotrinrj Lizzie Overfield Annie Kistler W. G. Gehman Jennie Wieder A. L. Christrnau Wilson Rex Frank Beary Belle Fulton Alonzo Hittle Sallie Heck rote George Haas Wm. Heilman 8. E. Heilman Alice Kern Elmer Kistler Tillie Mann Jane Reich a rd John Ritter Mary Roth < )rville Ritter Lewis Snyder Lillie Warmkessel Mary Weaver Emma Weida Margaret Home Mamie Diehl Aaron Green wald Blanche Hallman Laura Mull H. J. Schaller S. F, Gehringer George Ross Miss Alice E. Ayree I. H. Bartholomew Robert Norman? Minnie Blank Mary Diebert Hattie Dreifoos Gertrude Keiper Lutie Smith E. Jane Sykes Joseph Brunner S. C. Schmoyer Charles Ott W. A. Henry Elsie Bittner Elsie Engle Sallie Hartmau POPULATION OF PENNSYLVANIA FROM 1790 TO J90o 1790, 434,373; 1800, 602,365; 1810, 810,U ( J1; 1820, 1,047,507; 1830, 1,348,233; 1840, 1.724,033; 1850, 2,311,786; 1860, 2,906 215; 1870,3,521,951; 1880, 4,282,821 1890, 5,258,014; 1900, 6,302,115. POPULATION OF LEHIGH COUNTY FROM 1820 TO 1900. 1820, L8,895; 1830, 22,25(5, an increase of 3,361, increase per cent of'17 7 1840, 25,787, an increase of 3,531, increase percent of 11.3; 1850, 32,179, an increase of 6,692. increase per cent of 25.9; 1860, 43,753, an increase of 11,271; increase per cent of 34.7; 1870, 56,796, an increase of 13,043, increase per ct.of 29.8; 1880, 65, 969, an increase of 9,173, increase per cent of 16.1; 1890, 76,631, an in- crease of 10,662, increase per cent of 16.1; 1900, 93,898, an increase of 17,162, in- crease per cent o^ 22.5. 90 b? ,_.. < j; — »- — _ .-, w w — . — • J. -J J. - 77 5« g gg&g&S.? u — «' t r ^ "s o o 5 2. 3. cd 5. «< to 3 ffl H ► H S c ^r^rt>^rr^^T:c ^ -^ cr — ;£ Z-. ^ ~ o -• 3 6i ^ ' a ^ f "r k 2 — ". " a j'!T H < x = o ~ o oo •t cm 3 O gb a so /. %. - is. — tg. X. 5: S H S S CB >_ c • - • o ►AS, O re or it — ;/ - ;cu ~ t-i ** ?" m <• = =*-i* U. C_ _ S B 3 t : = jo ; * cd aS x ~ * 5 r. 2 o 8 1 S 3:5 _ " — — i co cc 0000001— Qoccicooocc -1 o o Oi Oi Oi *. 4. ^ co ^1 — cc c;> ic 00 C' cc acooccoocc gooocoooccooooooco co co co 00 go -1 m a ci ci 01 4. 4- C ii " M CC CC CO -4 — GO Ci ti X Ci 00 GO CO GO CO GO ~1 ~1 OS K W W m ©coco C'l cd cc o -j cc •£ o ■xooooooooacGo-j CO CO LC 10 tsl ^ O CD CD CT COCO © ~3 X CC C H- ,- J r. © ©so co ;i ~. c co co © © © 2. x 3 © 7; '- xxxxxxxxx X -I © ^1 © X -I >*- © © CC 4- © © © I C / - I GO X 00 X X XXX © 4- C.-< CO 4- 1— ' ^- © -c - I c to © © -1 © C' CJ1 -1 © X ~ © © -1 CD U 1 CO — ^1 4- C CO X © ^1 X ^1 © x c-> © co -J c / - : : T. NOTE: — Under the Constitution of 1790, a Governor could serve 9 years out of 12 yrs. Under the Constitution of 1838,11c could serve 6 years out of 9 years. Under the Con- stitution of 1873. he could serve 1 term of 4 years only and he cannot be re-electd to succeed himself. 91 <£ en ??? (ti | pa O" T3 - ^ I § g 5-i t| g o-.fi 3 H o- <£. £ 8P << ^ " C j,. <£ B § § O c c d o K •s oc — 5* o- c _' C ft S3 CD cc -1 — a c < g &* g ►1 ~ pa o SO o — . 7a 3 r; c H ~. rr C "~ - Oq u 3. a ?! SD ft> 3 5 • ^ x 00 GO 00 GO .X GO CC CO GO GO C3) at CD ^ * "^ CI t- 1 0*-^MCXCDlC*- Oa 4*- OS ' i; to a;i t~i ~ as © a; -i 4- ta V. CO GC O © CI tc o c c cc 4- -' ^1 CO 03 OS © *- -l a;' to h M i- 1 CO © ~J ai © 4- ta x -i v- to ^ „ tO © © r -a' a: gc to c 59 ir, ta u !- ' to to cc go cd oa co a; i ao 4- a; ' — a, i © — i C-. GO GC t- 1 — tO -q ~1 GC ~1 tC OS CO C tC -1 GC ic ta CO CO CO co o ^i u ai o a,i ~i to n +. w r. k y. r. a^ ^i k- oo r. ta oa co ta M 00 M ta, tC ta 4- a: ia t— I h- ' i—' b—i GO M IG — ta. c. CO GC © ia © a> OS - •aa — - I 4- a. GO Oj — G71 tc tc aa *> — /. - i ia ai ^^ 4- * GC c. / © GC cat aa -i "" "• a> ai i— 1 4- *• CX> — •. cc C o 1 — > ta tc CO ia a; ta 4- ia to — ... ►^ ta M Ul 4- 4- -I /. X * 4- 4- oo i* - i — ' GC -" .^ a< _ 31 *4 LC 00 <_> V. - GC 4- OS co j; — 4- - 1 - I cc i — . - C- c. — t_) o uo ** —J uo aa 4- 4- 4- ^3 — Co Gc ^^ a, i ~i a;< a' (— • 1— ' 1— ' 4- — , . M GC GC M i>a ao ^,- i;. a: ia ta | L ^l aa — ' a; _. ^1 GO ^i a: _ © c. ai to © cc en ta- ca r 4- - ' - ■£.■ 'J\ Cc M tX C .' 4- - i co — CI ta M to IO r — - 1 i— i - 1 T. ia ■_i ,. M CO 4- 4- h-» ^1 — ia a' ^* ^i y CC cc 4- at 00 4- a;< aa ac ia -1 OO o to ta aa -i - i © GO GO M -i 31 — 4- GC <» • ' _: co a-. — aa © r. 4- i a ai ^ to tc can ar^ oa >— o» 'X 4- GO to »«h. a;i ta to to io — X — G' i a y. os -i aa 4- a: ao — ' aa 4- Ga ar. co ta 10 c +- *- -t a> a; _ +_ 4- 00 aa os 4- ^i © to 4- a; ' 4- £ ^ !C H OS 00 Ol Ot ;; Iv 4» * " 4- GO aa a;t GO © aa © aa o. to 4- -I to a;< co aa ta to aa -1 - ai ai to tc 1— ' to to h- •■ a: ta © co *>- oa ta ■— ta 00 ;t to oa 92 Q 2 3 3 ►5 a a i re ft (• g ^ ft CO CO 6 tfl JT no Q*- p c — (t> -1 ft 3 00 •- . — 3- or; P o M so - o «-< -1 o CK3 X V 00 So 00 00 OO 00 OD X X X X X OS X X 00 X X 00 X X X X 0;^^^L_il-'OSt-- 1 l--'l--»MOS4--t--'H-|-->'X©Cn«OCn©~l»J»05 -i -i ic 5 to ic T£ E be i- fco to -i ii '> t~ to -u ^> bo co © © to -o ° Ss B Ef 5 3 h « w w m i; i: h os -i on os to 4- m to o b oi x b bi !C b t4 4- M © o os M H tv to OS CI OS O OS Cn 00 OS © 5 > C/3 o DC o o r CO H > £■ oo § H p n _ 00 I — 'I — ' 1 — ' ( — ' -1 -rj x so m I 2 £ -1 x to X xi k— OS 14 Cn X 4- h h i; i; x to © i— 1 I— © © On OS ^J OS 4- On © OS 4- On -] X -— ' tv vi to © CO OS X © en © I— ' OS X On to © © M (s *. c -i 'x ?. si ii h c s; is a c c t; OS -