Glass Book i p -- )//r Y: 7 62d Congress I 3d Session f SENATE f Document ( No. 984 6?^ '%.,,. ?.( ISIDOR RAYNER ( Late a vSenator from Maniand ) MEMORIAL ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES SIXTY-SECOND CONGRESS THIRD SESSION Proceedings in the Senate February 22, 1913 Proceedings in the House February 2, 1913 PREPAKEL) UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTKF. ON PRINTING WASHINGTON 1914 ■2-2/ U I £"^ ;■). OF D. ^- ^ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Proceedings in the Senate 5 Prayer by Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, D. D 5, 9 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Smith, of Maryland 13 Mr. Clapp, of Minnesota 18 Mr. O'Gorman, of New York 21 Mr. Swanson, of Virginia 23 Mr. Jackson, of Maryland 26 Proceedings in the House 33 Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Gouden, D. D 34 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Talbott, of Maryland 37 Mr. Covington, of Maryland 40 Mr. Linthicum, of Maryland 45 Mr. Lewis, of Maryland 55 Mr. Konig, of Maryland 57 Funeral services 61 Funeral address by Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, D. D 52 [3] HON. ISIDOR RA/NER DEATH OF HON. ISIDOR RAYNER Proceedings in the Senate Monday, December 2, 1912. The first Monday in December being the day prescribed by the Constitution of the United States for the annual meeting of Congress, the third session of the Sixty-second Congress commenced on this day. The Senate assembled in its Chamber at the Capitol. Augustus O. Bacon, a Senator from the State of Georgia, took the chair as President pro tempore under the order of the Senate of August 17, 1912. The President pro tempore called the Senate to order at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, D. D., offered the following prayer : Almighty God, our heavenly Father, in whose presence we now stand, we are come together in Thy name and to do Thy will. At the opening of this session of Congress we invoke Thy blessing. Without Thee we can do noth- ing. Until Thou dost bless us, our highest wisdom is but folly and our utmost strength but utter weakness. Be- stow upon us, therefore, we humbly pray Thee, wisdom and strength from above, that so we may glorify Thee, accomplishing that which Thou givest us to do. We come before Thee, our Father, with a deepened sense of our dependence upon Thee. Thou hast made us to know how frail we are. Thou hast showed us that the way of man is not in himself alone, and that it is not in us who walk to direct our steps. Thou hast called from Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner his earthly labors Thy servant, the Vice President of our Nation. While we thought it was still day Thou didst cause the sun of his life to go down, bringing the night, when no man can work. We murmur not nor repine, our Father, knowing that alike the day and the night are Thine. Thou hast taken from our side fellow laborers and companions, leaving in this Senate empty seats and in our hearts loneliness and sorrow. We can not forget them, our Father, though in the flesh we behold their faces no more. Thou hast removed from his post of duty an officer of this body and hast made us to know that in the midst of life we are in death. Comfort our hearts, we beseech Thee, for all our sorrows, and keep us evermore in Thy love; and though Thou feed us with the bread of adversity and give us to drink of the water of affliction, yet take not from us Thy holy spirit. We pray Thee to bless the President of the United States. Uphold him by Thy power, watch over him by Thy providence, guide liim by Thy wisdom, and strengthen him with Thy heavenly grace. Bless him who shall pre- side over this Senate, bestowing upon him all things as shall seem good unto Thee. For all who are in authority we pray that they may serve Thee with singleness of pur- pose, for the good of this people and for Thy glory. So, our Father, may this session of Congress, begun in Thy name, be continued in Thy fear and ended in Thine honor. Grant us so to labor that by our deliberations we may hasten the time when Thy kingdom shall come and Thy will shall be done on earth as it is in heaven. In the name which is above every name, hear our prayer. Amen. Mr. Smith of Maryland. Mr. President, it is my melan- choly duty to announce to my colleagues in the Senate that since our last adjournment death has claimed our [6] Proceedings in the Senate loved associate, Isidor Rayner. His death occurred at his home in Washington on the 25th of last November. His end followed an acute illness lasting several weeks. Watching with him during the period of progressing physical weakness and intense suffering were those he loved best — his wife, his son, and his grandchildren. He was in a large sense a martyr to his sympathies, his conscience, and his talents. The ambition to do his full- est duty as a Member of this body spurred him to under- take tasks far beyond his physical capacity to stand, for his mental energy and power always outran his physical capacity. A quick, sensitive, and all-compelling sym- pathy for all who suffer, for all who bear burdens, how- ever imposed, pained and wore upon him to his very soul, and deeper than I ever knew in any other case. He finally succumbed under the rack and strain. His tensely nervous temperament could not withstand the weight of others' woes added to his habit of overwork, accentuated toward the latter part of his life by obligations assumed at great risk, as he knew, to himself, and assumed in spite of the warnings and entreaties of his intimate friends, I shall make no effort to-day to speak of Senator Rayner's character or life nor of the qualities of mind and heart which elevated him to so many places of trust and fixed him in so many places of affectionate esteem. I shall only make the bare announcement of his decease. I shall in due season ask the Senate to devote some future day to ceremonies befitting his memory. Then when time has somewhat cleared our finite sight we may review his life and character, not altogether in the dark- ness of our own present sense of personal calamity in his loss, but rather in the light of his everlasting gain. Mr. President, I offer the resolutions which I send to the desk, and ask for their adoption. [7] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner The President pro tempore. The Secretary will read the resolutions presented by the Senator from Maryland. The resolutions (S. Res. 392) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as fol- lows: Besolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow the announcement of the death of Hon. Isidor Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. Mr. CuLLOM. Mr. President, I desire as a further mark of respect to offer the following resolution, and I ask for its present consideration. The resolution (S. Res. 393) was read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows : Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the late Vice President James Schoolcraft Sherman and the late Senators Weldon Brinton Heyburn and Isidor Rayner, whose deaths have just been announced, the Senate do now adjourn. Thereupon the Senate (at 12 o'clock and 22 minutes p. m.) adjourned until to-morrow, Tuesday, December 3, 1912, at 11 o'clock a. m. Thursday, December 5, 1912. A message from the House of Representatives, by J. C. South, its Chief Clerk, transmitted to the Senate resolu- tions of the House on the death of Hon. Isidor Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Thursday, January 23, 1913. Mr. Smith of Maryland. I desire to give notice that on Saturday, Februarj' 22, 1913, I will ask that the business [8] Proceedings in the Senate of the Senate may be suspended in order that fitting trib- ute may be paid to the memory of my late colleague, Hon. IsiDOR Rayner. The President pro tempore. In the absence of objection, that order will be made. Saturday, February 22, 1913. The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. The Chaplain, Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, D. D., offered the following prayer: Almighty God, our heavenly Father, we thank Thee for the Providence which brings us to this day of holy and patriotic memory. In the light of the great example of him whom Thou wast pleased to make the Father of our Country, we here, with grateful and adoring hearts, con- secrate ourselves anew to the service of this Thy people. Receive our offering, we pray Thee, and grant that by Thy grace this may be that happy Nation whose God is the Lord. O God, who dost commit unto us the swift and solemn charge of life, we thank Thee for the life, the character, and the public service of him whom our lips shall this day name. We can not forget him who labored by our side, who shared our counsels, and who broke with us the bread of life. We honor ourselves, our Father, in honoring him who honored Thee. Despite our loneliness, we are the richer because such have lived. Though his body is buried in peace, his name liveth, and his memory is henceforth safely enshrined in our hearts. We pray Thee, our heavenly Father, to comfort those to whom this sorrow is most bitter and to whom this loss is most sore. Grant, we humbly pray Thee, that their hearts may evermore be in unbroken communion with his emancipated spirit. Quiet their restless and yearning [9] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner hearts, until the day of the fuller life shall break and the shadows of our earthly sorrows shall flee away. In the name of Him who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light, hear Thou our prayer. Amen. The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yester- day's proceedings, when, on request of Mr. Smoot and by unanimous consent, the further reading was dispensed with and the Journal was approved. ***** The President pro tempore (Mr. Gallinger). The hour of 2 o'clock having arrived, the pending bill will be laid aside and the memorial services set aside for this day will be proceeded with. The Chair lays before the Senate resolutions of the House of Representatives, which will be read. The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows : In the House of Representatives, February 2, 1913. Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended, that opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. IsiDOR Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland, Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the deceased and in recognition of his distinguished public career the House, at the conclusion of these exercises, shall stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. Mr. Smith of Maryland. Mr. President, 1 offer the reso- lutions which I send to the desk. The President pro tempore. The resolutions submitted by the Senator from Maryland will be read. [10] Proceedings in the Senate The resolutions (S. Res. 472) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with deep sorrow of the death of the Hon. Isidor Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the de- ceased the business of the Senate be now suspended, to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and dis- tinguished public services. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. [11] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr, Smith, of Maryland Mr. President: What we say within these walls to-day of our late colleague, Senator Isidor Rayner, can avail little to mold the judgment of mankind as to his life, less to comfort those who so sincerely mourn his loss. The achievements of his life were in the courts, in literature, in the halls of legislation. They are of record in the Maryland reports and in the journals of this body — monuments and memorials to his genius that all men may see. But perhaps after all they are most deeply engraved, if not as permanently perpetuated, in the mind and the memory of his friends and myriad admirers. Any man might be pardoned for a feeling of over- whelming pride to have stood where Rayner stood and to have done what Rayner did. But so far from minister- ing to his vanity, the rarest and most sought honors, which came to him as if by magic, did not elate him, and were in no sense necessary to his happiness. In fact added honors and increased experience seemed to fill him with vague feelings of unrest and yearnings for hitherto untraveled fields of usefulness and power. I do not wish to take up the time of the Senate in speaking of that which all men can learn of Senator Rayner, and of what many know of him from the printed page. Nor shall I rehearse his rarely equaled triumphs at the bar, on the stump, in the field of letters, and in legislative halls. Better men than I have done this better than I can do at the memorial exercises had in the Court [13] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner of Appeals of Maryland and in the House of Representa- tives within the past few weeks. I want to sound such personal notes and touch the human chords in his nature which are not of record in books, nor apparent to all. Unfitted as I am, I feel that as his oldest friend on this floor I should attempt that task. Few men, perhaps none 1 have known, had Senator Rayner's mental endowment and his natural gifts. Na- ture was prodigal in her generosity to him. So that it is not to be wondered that honors born of an intellectual supremacy were his from his boyhood. The wonder is they did not bring him more personal gratification and real satisfaction. It was almost pathetic to note that even in times of his greatest successes he always felt a minor touch of sadness and incompleteness in the present, and wistful hopes not unmixed with forebodings of the future. Fortunately for the country, he was relieved of the necessity of devoting his time to actual bread winning, and thus enabled to gratify his ambition and serve his country by turning the full tide of his talents into the channels of public life — always in elective positions. By reason of the exigencies of life occasions have arisen when I have fought with him, fought against him; been intimately associated with him in political and official relations for years, and again far from him in both. But during the thirty or more years I have known him I always cherished for him a personal understanding and esteem at no period affected by the varying gusts of political storms which several times swept us on divergent courses. No one could know Senator Rayner without being daz- zled by his talents. As a student at the University of Virginia, a member of the Maryland Legislature, State senator. Congressman, attorney general of his native [14] Address of Mr. Smith, of Maryland State, unpaid volunteer in the service of a misrepre- sented and oppressed gentleman and gallant warrior. Admiral Schley, he everywhere established a new and higher standard, alike the inspiration and despair of his fellows. His career was indeed meteoric — his nature a paradox. Incorruptibly honest, he was proof against all tempta- tions of avarice. His life was uniformly distinguished by the purest and most refined morality. Dissipation and vice, even of the mildest order, were unknown to him — unwelcome to him. Still he knew and appreciated the temptations of others, the unworthy motives of others; and, in short, knew all classes of the world as they are. But he sympathized with the weaknesses, which he in no way shared, of those who fall. With a voice that compelled attention and won the ear and heart and a power of logical argument which conquered doubt, a pen as easy and discriminating as Macaulay's, with wealth, power, admiration, applause, and position he was rarely at peace. Unduly sensitive to the small annoyances of life, he bore in tranquil serenity the pains of death. Shrinking, and in nervous dread of any sort of contest, none surpassed him in vigor of defense or bravery of attack when the fight began. He shrank from giving pain to anybody or anything. He was always on the side of mercy, always first to urge forgiveness and charity. So fine were his feelings, his sympathies so susceptible, and his heart so tender that he felt and bore the pains of others as if his own, especially when he could not afford relief. Yet withal none could be more drastic, more inexorable than he in attacking corruption or moral weakness in [15] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner official life, and none more unsparing in denouncing cowardice. Twice he boldly bolted his party and repudiated his party's nominees. Yet within a few months his party tendered him the nomination as attorney general, a posi- tion of honor and trust entirely in line with his taste and which he filled with magnificent success. Despising organized politics, decrying political clubs and organizations as pernicious, he received loyal and cordial support from his party and was elected to ever}' political position, but one, he was willing to accept. He single-handed swayed men and molded public opinion as he willed. The faith of the masses of the people in him, their admiration for him, their pride that his State was their State, were never surpassed. He always held the hearts of the people for his own. He could always get their ear. Thus often defying the conventional methods, by his originality and personal power he won success — phe- nomenal success, in the general acceptation, as meas- ured by achievements which are of record; but success of a quality far more vividly and accurately indicated by the affection and admiration of the people he served, whose ills he felt, whose battles he fought so long. Always a prey to nervousness, accompanied by an in- veterate insomnia, for years in physical pain, his insatiate energy drove him on. Rest he sought, and rest for his tired, pain-stricken body, or for his luminous mind, he never found above the sod. He was fired with ambition, driven by a force which made no allowance for the limitations of physical en- durance. His great mental powers, always alert, always accurate, responded to every call and every demand long after the time when it was evident that his physical frame was about to collapse and crumble under the rack [16] Address of Mr. Smith, of Maryland and strain. But on he went until his last public appear- ance in joint debate in the last campaign at Baltimore. The cord snapped. He died in the hour of the triumph of principles he had long looked for, had long advocated, and which will long endure. Small wonder the people of his State loved him, for he loved the people, and ended his life work in the battle for principles he conceived to be for the highest welfare of his country. He was indeed a statesman and a patriot. But his life was not by any means all tinged with dis- appointment or crowded with care. The sweetness and solace of his life were found in his family. He was the truest and most adoring husband and the kindest, most indulgent father. His pride and interest in his grandchildren were beautiful. His home was the refuge from his cares. The society of his devoted wife, the association with his only son and grandchildren, pro- vided the balm which soothed his troubled spirit, sweet- ened his work, and drove away his cares. There he found his only happiness, which was free from all residuum or reaction of bitterness or disappointment. He lived and died with his family about him. I am glad to think that their assiduous care and tender love were near to comfort him under the increasing weight of pain and weakness, which after weeks of suffering finally crushed him. And while he has passed away, leaving in their lives a void none can fill, the same is true of the Nation and of this body. He has left no successor. No one in my State or in our Nation has arisen who can fill the place of IsiDOR Rayner. 10279"— 14 2 [17] Address of Mr. Clapp, of Minnesota Mr. President: It is said that a man's character is what he is; his reputation is what others think of him. In my brief but earnest tribute to the memory of Senator Rayner I shall deal with his character rather than his reputation. The Senator from Maryland [Mr. Smith] has well said of Senator Rayner that he was a paradox. All great men are; and the greater the man the more apparent the an- tithesis of his nature seems to stand out irreconciled. Yet this is due to a natural law. The greater the man, the more earnest the man, the stronger the projection from one source of divergent forces. Senator Rayner, in his advocacy of what he believed was right, in his opposition to what he believed was wrong, was so strong, so earnest, that ofttimes it seemed to trench even upon bitterness, not alone against the thing to be assailed, but the person who stood for the thing he assailed. His assault upon the wTong was enriched with a wealth of invective, and yet not to reveal a wealth of ex- pression; but every line and every word was simply the outward expression of the thought and purpose within. Reaching almost the point of bitterness in his opposition to the things against which he stood, at the same time I never knew a man more ready, more quick, to respond to a sympathetic plea. This is accounted for by the fact that the shaft forged for combat and the throb for sym- pathy both came from one great, earnest nature, one great, earnest soul. Perhaps nowhere in Senator Rayner's life activities two thoughts stand out in antithesis more than in his re- lations to governmental problems. Senator Rayner was [18] Address of Mr. Clapp, of Minnesota in full accord, in deep sympathy, with everything that tends for the betterment of humanity. He was in full accord with that great movement that to-day not only agi- tates our own Republic, but seems world-wide in its ac- tivities. Yet, upon the surface, his sympathy for that cause seemed ever to find a limitation in a reverence that almost amounted to worship of whatever man may have uttered upon these questions, if that utterance came with the sanction of convention, legislature, or judicial decree. He inherited this. In fact, the Christian world, recog- nizing that in the dim mists of the past law first came in the commingling of the divine through the human in- strument, man, has ever given and to-day gives a sanctity to human expression when that human expression relates to a certain function of government and forms a part of that abstraction which we call law, forgetting that, aside from the divine expression, every expression of authority reflects the infirmities of human nature. It may be the limitations of the mentality which pronounces it; it may be the limitation of environment; but so long as it comes from a human source, it partakes of the weakness of human nature. Inheriting this as a part of Ms racial inheritance, his adherence to this thought was almost a worship. But, Mr. President, I am not certain but that it is well that we have great, strong characters like Senator Rayner, who hold reverence for the past, because every step of human progress is a reflection upon the past — a reflection either upon the wisdom of utterances or the supineness of hu- man nature in so long tolerating a condition from which man has ever been ready to make a sacrifice to escape. And perhaps it might come to pass that our eagerness to get away from the past would be prompted not only by a lack of reverence for the past, but perhaps would be somewhat hastened by a feeling akin to a lack of respect [19] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner for the past in the light of its mistakes, were it not that here and there stands a great, strong character like Isidor Rayner, holding man somewhat in reverence to the past. I believe, in this hour and day, we require here and there a great, strong character like his; because, whether you take his sympathy for humanity at one extreme, or his adherence, his devotion, to what he considered the law at the other, like those other two traits of his char- acter which I have described, they are forces reaching out in divergent directions from the same great source, the great soul of a great, earnest man. Mr, President, Isidor Rayner has passed beyond. We shall miss him. I believe those who differ with me polit- ically will feel that it is no trespass upon the courtesy or the solemnity of this hour when I say that the party the certainty of whose victory he lived only to see will miss him in its councils in the future. We will miss his asso- ciation here; but we have the reflection that a great life is an inspiration, the study of a great man's career is a daily sermon from which we may gain inspiration and strength. [20] Address of Mr. O'Gorman, of New York Mr. President: The Sixty-second Congress, which will close within a few days, has a mortality record perhaps unprecedented in the history of the Government. Of the Members who assembled in the Capitol two years ago to discharge their public duties, 6 Senators, 18 Representa- tives, and the Vice President of the United States have responded to the final summons which every mortal must obey; and "no man knoweth the day or the hour." Death is never so distressing, its chilly hand never so unwel- come, as when it withers one whose brilliancy and rare attainments set him above the ordinary level of mankind as a character to be emulated and admired. When na- ture blesses a man with unusual talents, when it invests him with nobility of mind and soul, his passing leaves a void difficult to bear, because so difficult to fill. The Senator to whose memory we pay tribute to-day was such a man. Nature was generous with him in her endowments, which he well repaid by more than 30 years of patriotic public service. As a member of the Mary- land Legislature, as attorney general of his State, as a Member of the National House of Representatives, and as a distinguished Member of the Senate of the United States, IsiDOR Rayner devoted his talents and high char- acter to the service of his country with an energy and enthusiasm that did honor to himself and to his native State. He was an orator worthy of the best traditions of this or any other Chamber. He was a student whose books brought him sound counsel and that wide information which made his judgment universally respected. He was [21] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner a statesman eagerly seeking the best interests of his coun- try and the maintenance of its honor. Scion of a race whose history has been one of persecution, his life has given to the world another proof that this is a land where merit knows neither race nor creed — a Nation where honest achievement will receive its just recognition. The late Senator from Maryland was able and brilliant; but he was more than that. Intellect without heart is cruel; brilliancy without human sympathy is vain; and our departed friend won his place in the affections of his colleagues and in the esteem of the country because the gentleness of his soul measured up to the strength and vigor of his mind. He served his country long and faithfully. He was a lawyer of great ability, an orator of rare power, a citizen of stainless life, a patriot of high purpose and lofty ideals. Ever earnest in his purpose to fulfill the obligations of life in his home, in society, and in the Nation, he typified in all things courtesy, courage, honor, and fidelity. Mr. President, Senator Rayner has passed forever from this Chamber; his career is closed; his public record is part of the history of the Nation; and now his sorrowing colleagues pay him a last farewell. The eloquence that charmed and stirred is silent. His words have mingled for the last time with the shadowy troop of immortal voices whose echoes have resounded through the Halls of the Capitol. We sympathize with his bereaved family, but no words of ours can assuage their grief. Yet in this solemn hour, devoted to a contemplation of his character and achieve- ment, it must be comforting to those who loved him in his lifetime to remember that though his distinguished career is closed he has left behind him the heritage of a name respected and honored throughout the Nation. [22] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia Mr. President: I desire to pay a short tribute of warm regard and high esteem to our late distinguished col- league. Senator Rayner. I do not purpose to deliver a studied eulogium. The incidents of his successful life have already been portrayed and eloquently presented to the Senate. My purpose is to bear testimony to his worth as a man, his noble and patriotic instincts, and his pre- eminent abilities as orator, statesman, and lawyer. My acquaintance with Senator Rayner began in the extraordinary session of Congress called by President Cleveland in 1893, of which Congress both he and myself were Members. Early in that session he delivered a speech urging the repeal of the "purchasing clause" of the Sherman Act, which measure was then deeply disturb- ing the financial conditions of our country. His speech was eloquent, striking, and impressive. It made a pro- found impression upon me and upon the House of Rep- resentatives. In it was a rare combination of eloquence, knowledge of financial matters, and a clear, striking ex- position of the evils which would accrue from the con- tinuance of this policy. This speech exhibited the rare qualities possessed by Senator Rayner in presenting dry and usually uninteresting questions with a vigor and elo- quence to make them not only entertaining but convinc- ing. That address convinced me that he was one of the most finished and able speakers upon public questions then in public life. This conviction continued during the many years I was associated with him in the public serv- ice, during which time I had many opportunities of hear- ing him speak. [23] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner He was preeminent alike in finished oratory and in the array of argument and facts. He possessed a fine voice, a splendid presence, and a magnificent delivery, which, combined with his eloquence of expression, his beauty of illustration, and the deep solidity of his speeches, made him one of the best parliamentary speakers of this Nation. In addition to these brilliant qualities, he was endowed with a logical mind and a great solidity of learning and judgment. His success as an orator was largely due to his rare ability of combining beauty and strength. In the House of Representatives and in the Senate, upon all important matters, whether foreign affairs, the tariff, or constitutional questions, he discussed them with pre- eminent excellence, exhibiting a thorough knowledge and a most attractive brilliance. His speeches will fully repay study by those who desire to succeed in oratory or to have models upon which to construct speeches. He was, without question, one of the most learned and able lawyers of this body. His knowledge of constitu- tional law was deep, broad, and far-reaching in states- manship and conviction. Conflicts in intellectual debate were ever pleasing to him, and he rarely indulged in them without coming out successful. The more difficult and important the questions the more they possessed interest to him and the more strenuous Were his efforts to clear the mists surrounding them. Few have surpassed him in intellectual attainments. A perusal of the great debates of the House and Senate while he was a Member of these bodies will bear testi- mony to his great ability, eloquence, power and strength of mind, and breadth of information. These splendid qualities of mind were united with noble purposes of heart. All of his instincts were patriotic and sought the betterment of State and Nation. His record as a public servant was clean and most honorable. No stain ever [24] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia followed his footsteps. No whispering of suspicion ever clouded his name or record. His ambitions and ideals were high and lofty. It is by the lives and achievements of such men that the halls of legislation are made pro- motive of the moral, educational, and material develop- ment of the people. His untimely death removed from this Chamber one of its most illustrious Members and one whose attainments pointed to a still greater life of usefulness. Well may we pause in the pressing activities of this body to pay tribute to one whose talents gave to this Senate distinc- tion and whose life was consecrated to the public service of Maryland and the United States. [25] Address of Mr. Jackson, of Maryland Mr. President: The death of Isidor Rayner marks the passing of another of those illustrious men who, just as their splendid powers were in the full glory of perfect maturity, have gone to join that distinguished company of departed Senators, whose names are come to be num- bered with those of Webster, of Calhoun, of Sumner, and of Hoar. It is not for me, his successor, to add new luster to the name of Isidor Rayner or to perpetuate his fame, for his work, his life, are their own enduring monuments for posterity; but a feeling of profound respect for his ability and of sincere admiration for the man himself prompts me to pay this my tribute to his memory. I know but little of his boyhood. If it be truly said that the " boy is the father of the man," then Isidor Ray- ner, the youth, must have been as conspicuous among his comrades as was Isidor Rayner, the man, among his asso- ciates — among whom he stood forth clothed in the strength of his own power. He was born on April 11, 1850, 10 years before the outbreak of the War between the States. Prior to 1866 he had attended the public schools of Baltimore and the University of Maryland. In that year he entered the academic department of the University of Virginia, the famous old institution from whose picturesque lawn and ranges have come those other distinguished Marylanders — Edgar Allan Poe and the late Maj. Venable. It is possible that here, in the shadow of Monticello, in the university that Jefferson himself had founded, first grew the passionate admira- tion for Jeffcrsonian democracy that so distinguished his after life. Four years were spent at Charlottesville, dur- ing the last of which he studied in the law department. [26] Address of Mr. Jackson, of Maryland Already his oratorical powers had begun to develop, for at 18 he was the anniversary speaker of the Jefferson Lit- erary Society. His subject was religious liberty. We know that this principle, the right to worship according to the dictates of one's conscience, free from the re- straint of man-made laws, continued to be cherished by him as long as he lived, as, in fact, it has been by that re- markable race from which he sprang, whose sufferings from Christian intolerance have been no less noteworthy than the steadfastness of their adherence to the faith of Abraham. In 1871 he was admitted to the bar. He became a bril- liant lawyer. It was natural that his forensic ability should lead him to prefer the active trial table — the duties of the pleader — to the inore somber office practice. He never hesitated to champion the cause of the weak or oppressed. His deeply sympathetic and emotional na- ture, those distinguishing characteristics of the race that has given the world the Bible and two great religions, was stirred most deeply when, as the champion of the downtrodden, he sought justice from the powerful. The late Admiral Schley selected him from a vast array of legal talent to insist that the history of the naval Battle of Santiago should go down to posterity correctly re- corded. His work in that celebrated case did much to spread his well-merited fame throughout the Union. He displayed in that memorable inquirj^ after truth a re- markable knowledge of naval warfare, of the technique of sea fights, that could have been acquired only by the most earnest preparation. And if I were asked to name the distinguishing characteristic of Isidor Rayner I should say without hesitation that it was earnestness, enthusi- astic earnestness, the earnestness that is in fact the only true genius. His efforts in behalf of his fellow Mary- lander had at least this most satisfactory result — that the [27] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner people of the United States, the great people, were en- abled to judge for themselves who should rightly wear the laurels of the victory over Cervera. Mr. Rayner's political career began with his election to the Maryland General Assembly in 1878. During this ses- sion he served as acting chairman of the judiciary com- mittee. Even then his work indicated latent abilities that were ultimately to place him triumphant upon the lofty pinnacle of political fame. He was then, as throughout his life, primarily a friend of the people — the mighty average people who are struggling, sometimes foolishly, often misguidedly, but always sincerely and irresistibly, toward a larger measure of political happiness. He felt their sorrows; he sympathized with their endeavors; he saw through the sometimes absurd manifestations down to their sincere desire for better things. He espoused their cause with that same enthusiastic earnestness which I believe to have been his dominant trait. In 1885 he was elected to the Maryland State senate and three years later to the House of Representatives of the United States. He was three times elected to that body, but I will not dwell at length upon his work in Congress. He was most active in his efforts to repeal the Sherman silver-purchase law in the panic-stricken days of the early nineties. His course was a fitting preparation for the sen- atorial career which marks the maturity of his ability, the splendid realization of the promise of early years. The climax of his career came with his election to this body in 1904. That was a memorable fight, a triangular battle for control, a struggle in which the tide slowly turned to- ward Mr. Rayner, because public opinion, the resultant of the wishes of all the people, the force slow to move but irresistible when once aroused, demanded it. Gentlemen are familiar with his splendid services in this body. His consummate ability brought new luster to the State whose [28] Address of Mr. Jackson, of Maryland representative he was, new prestige to the Senate of the United States. When he entered this body Mr. Rayner abandoned his law practice and devoted himself with singleness of pur- pose to the discharge of his public duties. And this is but an indication of his high conception of the office he honored by filling. He believed that it was worthy of the devotion of all his time and energy, and he plunged into his new duties with his own peculiar enthusiastic ear- nestness. Senator Rayner achieved distinction as a constitutional lawyer. I use the term to mean that he was a close stu- dent of the Constitution; that he applied his trained legal intellect to the mastery of its provisions; that he tested his own conception of its provisions by keeping in close touch with the interpretations of the courts; that his studies were based upon an abiding faith and belief in the Consti- tution as an efficient guaranty of the rights and liberties of the governed. In the early days of the Nation he would probably have been called a strict constructionist. But nevertheless his views were tinged with the notion some- times called modern or progressive, but really as old as the Federalist Party — that it is necessary to give the grant of powers to the Federal Government a more liberal in- terpretation than a literal construction would make nec- essary in order to accomplish for the people reforms obviously beyond the powers of the individual States. And thus he sympathized with the modern democracy that advocates an extension of the Federal power to the enactment of the so-called progressive measures of re- form. While Jefferson and his party would secure lib- erty to the people by insisting that the powers of the Fed- eral Government be not increased, the modern democracy would secure liberty by expanding the Federal power in order that there may be an effective agent to protect the [29] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner people against themselves or certain of their number. And there is this difference in the result: For while the Jeffersonian idea looks to individual liberty, the modern democracy tends to a restriction of individual liberty and a relegation of individuals into certain definite and fixed classes. That IsiDOR Rayner was one of the great modern ora- tors no one will deny. But he regarded his oratory as merely a means to an end, a fine tool at his command by which he might accomplish the ends dearest to his heart. As Plutarch says, " It is an ignoble thing for any man to admire and relish the glory of his own eloquence." Senator Rayner combined somewhat the painstaking, stu- diously prepared stjde of Demosthenes with that more sparkling and satirical manner of Cicero. He was pos- sessed of great natural ability, and this native gift he had cultivated by careful effort to the finished perfection we remember. There is a vast difference between mere pub- lic speaking and oratory. Anyone with a fair degree of intelligence may become a public speaker, but an orator is like a poet. He is an artist. He must have imagina- tion. He must have intensive earnestness to make his audience see and feel his own visions. These qualities the late Senator had in a high degree. He was possessed of the passionate earnestness of David, of the same racial qualities that matured so splendidly in Disraeli and Judah P. Benjamin. His masterful intellect was able to polish, to direct, to drive home the thoughts that could have arisen only in the mind of a true orator. It is perhaps too early to estimate the exact place that Senator Rayner will occupy in the lists of American statesmen. I believe his position will be high. He had the misfortune to belong to the minority party during the period of his greatest powers, and so there was not the opportunity for constructive statesmanship; but as a [30] Address of Mr, Jackson, of Maryland critic of dangerous tendencies, as a wise forecaster, as a balance wheel to constructive leaders, he certainly should go down to posterity as one of the typical statesmen whose efforts have so enriched and strengthened the in- stitutions of this great Nation. I know of no single serv- ice he performed wdth more credit and which will result in more lasting good than his insisting that the President should not disregard the limitations of the Constitution; that he should not set in motion a dangerous tendency in order to accomplish a present and immediate advan- tage. He insisted that in government the means are quite as important as the end, for the means of to-day become the precedents of to-morrow. But the Rayner I admire is not so much Rayner the constitutional lawyer, Rayner the orator, or Rayner the statesman, as Rayner the man, the great kindly gen- tleman. I love to think of him in his family, in his daily contact with his fellow workers. I love to wonder at the perfection of the human qualities he possessed in such attractive form. He was a man, take him for all in all. We shall not look upon his like again. [31J Proceedings in the House of Representatives Monday, December 2, 1912. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Crockett, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had heard with pro- found sorrow the announcement of the death of Hon. IsiDOR Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. Mr. Cannon. Mr. Speaker, I move you, sir, that out of regard for the memory of the late Vice President, the Hon. James Schoolcraft Sherman, and the memory of the Mem- bers of this House and of the Senate who have departed this life since the adjournment of the last session of Con- gress this House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at 1 o'clock and 8 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-mor- row, Tuesday, December 3, 1912, at 12 o'clock noon. Tuesday, December 17, 1912. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. Linthicum. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following reso- lution, which I send to the Clerk's desk. The Speaker. The Clerk will report the resolution of- fered by the gentleman from Maryland. The Clerk read as follows : Ordered, That Sunday, February 2, 1913, at 12 o'clock noon, be set apart for addresses on the life, character, and public services of Hon. IsiDOR Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. The order was agreed to. 10279°— 14 ?. [33] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner Sunday, February 2, 1913. The House met at 12 o'clock noon and was called to order by Mr. Linthicum as Speaker pro tempore. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer . Our God and our Father, whose presence pervades all space with rays divine, humbly, reverently we wait on Thy blessing. Open Thou our spiritual eyes, that we may see the glories round about us; our spiritual ears, that we may hear "the rustle of wings," the song of an- gels; our spiritual hearts, that we may feel the warm cur- rents of Thy love and be reassured in our longings, hopes, and aspirations. Time and space are nothing, life in Thee alone is life, so we believe, so we aspire, so we pray. Our coming together to-day in memory of a great man is the earnest of that immortality which springs sponta- neously from the soul and lifts us to the realms of high heaven, source of all good. His deeds speak more elo- quently than tongue or pen of his worth to State and Nation. It is well thus to commemorate them, that he may live again in those who shall come after him. Comfort those who knew and loved him, his bereaved wife and family, in the undying hope of the eternal and everlasting life in a risen and glorified Christ. For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will read the Jour- nal of the proceedings of yesterday. Mr. Talbott of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to dispense with the reading of the Journal. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Mary- land asks unanimous consent to dispense with the reading of the Journal and that the Journal be approved. If there be no objection, it will be so ordered. There was no objection. [34] Proceedings in the House THE late senator RAYNER The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the order for to-day's session. The Clerk read as follows : On motion of Mr. Linthicum, by unanimous consent, Ordered, That Sunday, February 2, 1913, at 12 o'clock m,, be set apart for addresses upon the life, character, and public serv- ices of Hon. IsiDOR Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Mr. Talbott of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, I offer the fol- lowing resolutions. The Clerk read as follows: House resolution 807 Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended that opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. IsmoR RwNER, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the deceased and in recognition of his distinguished public career, the House at the conclusion of these exercises, shall stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. ' Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. The resolutions were agreed to. [35] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Talbott, of Maryland Mr. Speaker. My remarks upon this solemn occasion, when we meet to pay tribute to the late Senator from Maryland, Hon. Isidor Rayner, shall be very brief, but I feel that I should not permit the opportunity to pass without saying something about his life, character, and public services. In the death of Senator Rayner, to quote from the Evening Sun, of Baltimore — Maryland has lost a man of real statesmanlike stature, of clear public vision, and of true democratic ideas. Maryland not only loses this great man, but his death is a severe blow to the Democratic Party, now about to come into control of every branch of the National Gov- ernment. My acquaintance with Senator Rayner dates from 1876. I first met him in the presidential campaign of that year at an open-air inass meeting in Baltimore. He was then a young man, and made one of the best political speeches I ever heard. He attracted the attention of the people and the party leaders, and from that time on during the whole of his life he was always in demand as a popular and able orator. 1 served with Mr. Rayner in the Fifty-third Congress, when Mr. Cleveland was President, and he was one of the Congressmen who stood loyally by the President in his fight for the redemption of the party pledges. He later was elected as attorney general of Maryland on the ticket with the now senior Senator from Maryland, Hon. John Walter Smith, who was the successful candi- date for governor in 1899. It is useless for me to say that he filled this high office with credit and distinction. It [37] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner was not long after this that he was called upon to repre- sent the hero of Santiago, Admiral Schley, in his defense before the court of inquiry. Mr, Rayner's splendid effort in this notable case will long be remembered as a mas- terly defense of a brave and heroic man by a great and accomplished lawyer. Mr. Rayner came to the Senate in 1905 to succeed the late Hon. Louis E. McComas. His campaign for the sena- torship was a most vigorous and nerve-racking one. There were no less than five candidates for the office, and it was only after many caucuses, party conferences, and the keenest political maneuvering that he was chosen. On account of his previous experience in Congress, his capacity to grasp public questions, his knowledge of pub- lic affairs, and his legal training he immediately took a most prominent part in all discussions and the workings of the legislative machinery in the Upper House. Mr. Rayner spent more than seven years in the Senate, and he took his place there as an orator, a debater, and a constitutional lawyer, and his career in that august body soon proved to his constituents that they had made no mistake in choosing him as their representative, for in all his actions and dealings as a public official he was always in entire sympathy with the people whom he was chosen to represent and was quick to respond to popular sentiment. Again quoting from the Evening Sun, of Baltimore : Above all, his instincts were true to the principles of popular government, and he intuitively turned to the side of right in nearly every great public contest. There was no shadow of turn- ing in his Democracy, and he upheld with unflinching firmness and enthusiasm the traditions and the faith of his party as handed down to him by its great political apostles. As a member of the Judiciary Committee and the Com- mittee on Foreign Relations he rendered most valuable [38] Address of Mr. Talbott, of Maryland service to his country and liis party. He made a special study of the Constitution and international affairs, and was looked upon by both Republicans and Democrats as one of the leading authorities and most active and widely informed Senators on these great questions. It was a great disappointment to Senator Rayner not to be able to take part in the late campaign. The na- tional committee and the Maryland Democratic State central committee had mapped out a most important work for him, and his inability to take up the work not only grieved him but considerably handicapped the party leaders, and was more keenly felt as the campaign progressed. His last public appearance was in the debate at Balti- more with former Congressman W. Bourke Gockran, in which he acquitted himself with great credit. After this, on advice of his physicians, he was obliged to cancel all his campaign engagements and was forced to take to his bed, and five or six weeks thereafter he passed into the life everlasting. Mr. Rayner was known as a home man. He belonged to but one club and was only rarely found there, prefer- ring to spend the few leisure hours which he did have in his family circle. He was a devoted husband and a lov- ing and indulgent father, and no matter what we say or do here to-day we can not fill the wide gap that has been made in his family circle by his untimely death. Peace and death's beauty to his heart to-day, "Who is not dead, but only gone away To sleep a little, as a child who goes When twilight folds the petal of the rose. Mr. Haugen took the chair as Speaker pro tempore. [39] Address of Mr. Covington, of Maryland Mr. Speaker: To-day we are gathered to pay the last tribute to a distinguished son of Maryland who at one time rendered signal service in this House. It is a glorious custom which has been established in the American Con- gress to hold a memorial session after the death of the public men who have served in either of its branches. There is no better method by which to pay tribute to the acts of public service and the standards of civic virtue attained by the Members of the American Congress than through these memorial services, which are preserved in permanent form as a part of the history of the statesman- ship of the country. IsiDOR Rayner, the man to whose memory we pay our final tribute on this day, was a remarkable personality. He had a long and varied public career, and he rendered distinguished service in public office. As quite a young man he attained fame at the Maryland bar. After his graduation at the University of Virginia he at once entered upon the practice of his profession in Baltimore. He combined in a rare degree the qualities of a clear-headed lawyer, a sound thinker upon economic and other public questions, and a powerful eloquence. It was only a short while after he began his law practice that he gathered unto himself a large clientele. His taste for public life, however, was so strong that he early began to give a large part of his time to the mastery of the science of govern- ment. He was elected to the House of Delegates of Mary- land while quite a young man. Later he served with distinction in the Senate of Maryland, and the reputation which he there made, both as convincing orator and alert legislator, caused him to be nominated as a candi- [40] Address of Mr. Covington, of Maryland date of the Democratic Party for the House of Repre- sentatives. The greater part of his service in the House was at a propitious time. It was during the second administration of that great Democrat, Grover Cleveland, and I think that it was one of the many evidences of the rare power of judging the caliber of men shown by Mr. Cleveland that he soon detected the true democracy, the strong statesmanship, and the forensic eloquence of Representa- tive Rayner. During that administration of President Cleveland there was no man in the House of Representa- tives who was regarded with more esteem and whose judgment was more thoroughly trusted by the President than was that of Mr. Rayner. Like all great men of mental acuteness and restless habits of thought, his service in the House chafed upon him, and he retired temporarily to private life. When he retired, however, he by no means lost his hold upon the people of Maryland, nor did he lose his interest in public affairs, and a few years later we find the Democ- racy of Maryland nominating him for the office of attornej'^ general of that State. His four years of service in that office is the proof abundant of the many sided ability of the mian. The earlier public career which had brought him to prominence, and which had caused his name and fame to be fixed firmly in the hearts of the people of his State, was entirely of a political character. It was service which showed his comprehensive grasp of, and his ability successfully to deal with, great public questions. Many men of real capacity have found that the attention which they have given to public affairs while in public office has greatly lessened the acuteness of their knowledge of the dry, technical details of the law, but Senator Rayner's rare intellectual force was demonstrated by the remark- able legal labors which he performed during his four years as attorney general of Maryland. During that time [41] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner great legal questions confronted the State. He had, as the State's law officer, to determine problems that required the most profound knowledge of the details of law as a science, and he retired from that position with his repu- tation as a profound lawyer as thoroughly established among the people of Maryland as had his reputation already been established as a forceful public man. After his retirement from the office of attorney general there was a break of some years until his next public service. During that period, however, the Democracy of Maryland, recognizing his great strength with the people and his persuasive eloquence, invariably placed him at the head of its campaign speakers. Those years were devoted by him to a more thorough mastery, if possible, of constitutional law. His interest in public affairs had become so great and his study of the Constitution had so engrossed him that he gave less and less time to the de- tails of his law practice, and we find him a few years later elected by his party to the Senate of the United States. His subsequent career is so well known that it would almost seem fulsome even to recall it here. From the time that he took his seat in the Senate his mastery of the constitutional law of the country was recognized by his associates. The daily routine of legislation seemed to have little attraction for him. He was never what might be termed a "people's Senator." I think it is not harsh criticism to say that the characteristics of Senator Rayner were such that the performance of many of those trivial duties which constituents seem to feel are a part of the duties of a Representative or Senator in Congress was always somewhat irksome to him. But in the settlement of the great national problems growing out of the Spanish War and the acquisition of territory beyond the conti- nental United States, and in the readjustment which in- evitably had to take place as the result of the interstafe [42] Address of Mr. Covington, of Maryland character of practically all our great railroad and other industrial activities, Senator Rayner stood foremost among the great men in the Senate who expounded the Constitution as it was understood by its creators. He was an insistent defender of the checks and balances provided by the great men who had actually constructed our dual form of government, and when, during Mr. Roosevelt's term as President and afte., there had grown up the dangerous and limitless theoiy of expanding the Constitution by mere executive interpretation, there was no more forceful protagonist of the written Constitution and its proper limitations than Senator Rayner. His reputation as a debater on the floor of the Senate had even grown beyond the great reputation which he enjoyed as an orator in his earlier service in the House of Repre- sentatives, and when it was announced that he would speak upon the constitutional aspects of some pending legislation of great moment he had a full audience of attentive Senators. In one respect particularly Senator Rayner was unique as a man who had such long and varied official life. He was in no sense a politician. I think that I do him no injustice to say that there never was a time when he had any practical connection with the management of a Demo- cratic campaign in Maryland. He made little attempt to secure appointments of friends to office, and he made absolutely no effort to build up for himself a political organization. In fact, I think it may truly be said that he was not in any way a factor in the various evolutions of politics that have taken place in the Democratic Party in Maryland. In the details of party legislation at the State capitol Senator Rayner was never one of the party leaders seeking to carry out a party program. He had really no taste for political management, and some of his friends used to say that he was the "worst politician" [43] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner they had ever known. But he was a great public figure; he was a sound and trained lawyer; he was a true thinker upon economic questions; he possessed a logic so incisive and merciless and an eloquence so persuasive and so mas- terful that he could to an almost unerring certainty carry his audience with him. It mattered not whether he was making a legal argument before a court or a party po- litical speech from the hustings, or a deliberate constitu- tional analysis of a great public question in the Senate, his speech was characterized by ornate diction, clearness of logic, and great force of eloquence. And the people of his State, with generosity and discrimination, retained him in public office for the public good. Now that he is gone, it may well be said that Maryland has lost one of her greatest men. Upon the pages of her histoiy in blazing letters beside the names of Luther Martin, William Pinkney, Taney, and others of a great and glorious past will stand in deserving boldness the name of Isidor Rayner. [44] Address of Mr. Linthicum, of Maryland Mr. Speaker: In offering this tribute to the memory of IsiDOR Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland, there comes to me a flood of feelings peculiarly tender. The latter portion of Senator Rayner's public life was so interwoven with events with which I was intimately connected that I was in position to observe at close range this man of whom all Maryland was proud, and by reason of the nearness of my viewpoint able to analyze his mo- tives and understand the inspiration which led him step by step into the fuller confidence of his fellow men, finally bringing him that reward which inevitably follows the faithful and intelligent discharge of a great public trust. IsiDOR Rayner first saw the light of day in Baltimore, April 11, 1850, the son of William S. and Amelia R. Ray- ner. Completing his primary education in Rippert & Newell's Academy, in Catonsville, Baltimore County, Md., he entered the University of Virginia, supplementing an academic course by one in law at the same institution, where, as a member of the Jefferson Society of the univer- sity, at the age of 18 he was chosen anniversary orator, taking as the subject of his address "Religious liberty." So well did he acquit himself in his study of the law that the examining board of the university said to him : There is no occasion to ask you anything more. You have mas- tered your book so recently and well that you know more about these matters than we do. Returning from college, he entered the law offices of Brown & Brune, in Baltimore; in 1870 was admitted to the bar, and within a comparatively short space of time won an enviable standing in his chosen profession. [45] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner It is the general testimony of those lawyers acquainted with his legal ability that he was a deep and careful stu- dent, who within a comparatively brief period thoroughly mastered the principles of law. His power of analysis was keen, his penetration deep, his argument sound, and invariably supported by a multitude of citations that evi- denced the thoroughness with which he explored his sub- ject. Had he devoted himself exclusively to that jealous mistress whom so many have wooed in vain, doubtless he would now be remembered as one of the far-reaching beacons of the legal profession. As it was, with his at- tention distracted by the endless exactions of public office, he left a reputation which hundreds may well envy whose opportunities for legal preferment far exceeded those he enjoyed. Perhaps the greatest legal achievement of Senator Ray- ner was his defense of Admiral Schley, a gallant citizen of Maryland. It was not expected the defense would mainly devolve upon Senator Rayner, as Judge Jere M. "Wilson, of Washington, was senior counsel, but Judge Wilson died soon after the court convened, and thus upon the Senator was shifted the entire burden of the case. He did not shrink from the task, although he was not an admiralty lawyer. The rapidity with which he mastered the subject, studied trigonometry, sea law and lore, gulf- stream currents, and a multitude of other intricate de- tails was astounding to his friends, who knew him to be the possessor of a mind likened by one of his admirers to a — mighty machine and a delicate mechanism, capable of strokes of the greatest power and at the same time of the most delicate, ex- quisite, and subtle touches. When the time for argument arrived, Senator Rayner at first spoke in agreeable and measured tones, until, be- [46] Address of Mr. Linthicum, of Maryland coming warmed to his subject, he struck out with power- ful and convincing blows. Stripping his discussion of useless surplusage he dwelt upon the salient features of the case, and, scoring the tricky memories of witnesses, lashed with Herculean vigor the traducers of the man whose fame rang around the world and whose exclama- tion in the height of victory, " There's glory enough for all," will go down to future generations as one of the most magnanimous expressions of the age. As the oratorical flight of the great Marylander reached its climax, the court and the great assemblage, awed, as it were, by the brilliancy of the orator and his earnest- ness, seemed unwilling to utter a sound, hardly to breathe, for fear that some word which fell from his lips might be lost; when instantly that the tension was re- lieved, there broke forth an applause such as might be likened only to a pent-up storm suddenly released. The three admirals, acting as the court, hastened to congrat- ulate him; his friends and the assembled spectators poured praise upon him, and the brilliancy of his etfort was spread broadcast throughout the United States. Senator Rayner's advent into politics was almost simul- taneous with his entry upon the practice of his profes- sion. In 1878 he was elected to the Mai-yland Legisla- ture, where he served on the judiciary committee and was chairman of the Baltimore city delegation. In 1885 he was elected to the State senate, resigning when his term was about half finished to become the Democratic candi- date for Congi-ess. He was elected to the Fiftieth, Fifty- second, and Fifty-third Congresses and declined to receive a fourth term. Accepting the nomination for attorney general of Maryland, he was elected to that office, which he held from 1899 to 1903. I vividly recall the events connected with his first elec- tion to the United States Senate in 1904. The balloting [47] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner was carried on for about a month, and the tenacity with which his friends clung to him during that long interval, despite the repeated and vigorous endeavors to sway them, convinced me that there was something unusual in a personality which could inspire such unbroken and un- wavering devotion. I had the pleasure of working and voting for him, and felt it almost a personal triumph when victory was finally determined for him at the night caucus of the legislature preceding the final vote of that body the next day. Senator Rayner stood high in the distinguished body of which he was a member. Constitutional law was the fa- vorite field of his brilliant and versatile mind, and his masterful knowledge of the subject was expanded and enriched by contact on the floor of the Senate with con- temporary students of that document, notably Senators Spooner, Bailey, and Root. Only a few days before his death I read in the Saturday Evening Post one of those humorous and always interesting sketches by Samuel G. Blythe, in which he poked fun in his inimitable way at the fondness of the Maryland Senator for speaking on his favorite subject. But Mr. Blythe did not say — as he would have been justified in adding — that whenever Senator Rayner discussed the Federal Constitution the floor and galleries of the Senate always filled, and those who came invariably remained until his last word was spoken, ex- periencing every sensation within the art of the orator to inspire, marveling at his knowledge of the subject, fas- cinated with his lucidity, thrilled by his eloquence, and delighted with the deep intuition and clever reasoning which he displayed in debate. As an example of his pleasing and graceful style in ad- dress one should read his remarks on Roosevelt's " The Charter of Democracy." Probably no words of Senator Rayner ever were more eagerly received or widely ap- [48] Address of Mr. Linthicum, of Maryland plauded. With deferential respect for the individual whose program he was discussing, with charity toward the ignorance of law which distinguished that program, with the keenest irony, and the most subtle ridicule, he demonstrated by convincing example and clever analysis the folly of subjecting to popular recall the decisions of the judiciary. Two paragraphs of that address ever will be remembered. One is typical of the gentle irony and convulsing ridicule of which he was master and which he employed so effectively; the other breathes that in- tense love of his country's institutions which he under- stood so well. I quote them: I never retired at night that I did not expect some political earthquake in the morning, and I never arose in the morning that I did not look for some volcanic eruption at night. I think he is a most captivating and charming person. He can talk to you by the hour upon subjects that he does not know anything about at all with the same ease and facility that he can discuss those to which he has devoted the closest study. This is a gift of Provi- dence that none of his predecessors ever possessed. His disserta- tions upon the Constitution are a feast of reason and a flow of soul. The last conversation I had with him was in relation to the case of Col. Stewart, whom he had charged with certain tempera- mental infirmities and in whose behalf I had asked for a court of inquiry in the Senate. He informed me that being Commander in Chief of the Array and Navy of the United States he would not pay the slightest attention to any law that Congress passed, and that he had a perfect right, if he wanted to, to sentence Col. Stewart to death; that he did not intend to do it, but that he had the constitutional right to do so. ***** Speaking for my country and not for my party, speaking for the autonomy and stability of our institutions, speaking for the Con- stitution, in all of its parts, if we are to pass in again under his yoke, with his outstretched arm under his latest utterance hanging over the seat of justice, the refuge and bulwark of our institutions, ready to strike it down with a wanton attack upon its integrity, and if this attack is to succeed and the era of the common law is 10279°— 14 4 [49] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner to be revived, when its judges v^ere the abject serfs and slaves of the crown, then, in my judgment, it would have been better if the Constitution had never been framed and its authors had never attempted by an apportionment of constitutional functions almost perfect in their allotment to construct an indissoluble union of indestructible States. Those who knew not Senator Rayner in his home life knew not the Senator at his best. It was here he shone with all his tenderness, with all his love, and with that great devotion which he ever exhibited for his loved ones. His home life was ideal. He possessed those domestic virtues which stand for the integrity of the American home, the corner stone of American institutions. Within the sheltering privacy of the family circle were revealed those lovable traits of his sterling character that will ever endear his memory to his friends. None who enjoyed access to that circle could fail to approximate him at his true worth. Here the formalities of official position were forgotten and he was to be seen in the more treasured role of husband, father, companion, or host. His addresses were always in eager demand. The mere announcement that he would speak was sufficient to com- mand a large audience. They came to gather knowledge from his lips, to revel in the delight his oration afforded, to witness the fearless freedom and ease with which he handled his subject. Such an occasion was a mental feast none could fail to relish. His last public address was in the Lyric Theater, in Baltimore, where, on October 7, 1912, he met the Hon. W. Bourke Cockran in joint debate on the issues of the late campaign. His effort was a splendid one and added to his reputation, but even then the invisible and blighting hand of death was upon him. More than one of his ad- mirers left the hall that night shaking their heads, sol- emnly averring: "The Senator was not at his best this evening." [50] Address of Mr. Linthicum, of Maryland His address lacked just enough of that sparkling keen- ness which always distinguished his utterances to render it noticeable. The old-time fire was not in his words and actions. Those who observed his subdued vigor mentally and physically little dreamed that the tumult of the great national campaign then raging, in which with pain-racked body he was heroically doing his part, hardly would have subsided ere this favorite and beloved son of Maryland would have laid him down to his final sleep. Like Wolfe at Quebec, he lived long enough to see the banners of that army in which he was a valiant and trusted leader wreathed with the garlands of victory. The flush of success doubtless gave him new lease of life, though brief. It must have been a source of extreme pleasure to him in his last days that his countrymen, ac- cepting his appraisement of our Federal Constitution as correct, had by an overwhelming majority voted to pre- serve the integritj'^ of that document whose surpassing worth and splendidly balanced unity had been his chosen theme on more than one occasion. We hear the dip of the golden oars And catch a gleam of the snowy sail, And, lo, they have passed from our yearning heart; They cross the stream and are gone for aye. We may not sunder the veil apart That hides from our vision the gates of day; We only know that their bark no more May sail with us o'er life's stormy sea. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to print in the Record the remarks of Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce. Chaplain of the Senate and pastor of All Souls Unitarian Church of Washington, at the funeral of Senator Rayner. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Mary- land asks unanimous consent to extend his remarks by printing the address referred to. Is there objection? There was no objection. [51] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner The address of Dr. Pierce is as follows : Once more, in the providence of God, we stand with bowed head and with hushed voices in the ineffable presence of death. Labor as we will to school and discipline ourselves, we can not so stultify ourselves as to be insensible to the majesty and augustness of this solemn hour. Repress our utterance as we may, the heart will find some secret and silent language to voice our awe and our faith. We are not so hardened and cal- loused that, as we journey on the highway of life, we can stay the tears as we behold — The milestones into headstones changed, ' Neath every one a friend. And at such a time, when the occasion breathes its own thought, how little we can do! When, as of yore, the Spirit with its tongues of fire seems to descend upon us and to speak to each one in his own language, how cold and empty seems all that we can say! How well-nigh impertinent seem our words of praise! They seem to cut and wound hardly less than words of blame. And we would not have it otherwise. For we know the grief that is in our hearts, however our lips may fail in utterance. We speak sometimes of the silent tribute of tears. Are we not wiser than we suspect when we use such words? Why should we disguise the matter? Why should we attempt to conceal what our very presence here says so plainly? The simple truth is that our own deep sense of loss is the highest tribute we can pay to him who has gone from us. And who does not feel that this loss is personal? Not to everyone is it given thus to endear himself to all who knew him. And our own sense of personal loss is a true measure of his greatness. It is just as so often happens in our ordinary walk of life. We rejoice in the tree whose strength and beauty have been our ad- miration. Under its shade we found shelter. We were nour- ished by its fruits. But not until storm or tempest or the ruthless ax of the woodman has laid its prostrate form before us do we know its true proportions. We sometimes call death the great leveler; and so it is. But is not death also the great revealer? And now that the long and honorable career of public service and private life is brought to a close we realize, as never before, how blessed we have been and how great is the loss we suffer. [52] Funeral Address by Rev. Dr. Pierce Did I say public service and private life? Alas, these are sometimes separate and distinct things. But with the true man public service and private life grow from the same root of faith- ful devotion to duty. To such a man his public life is only an extension of his private character; it is a sharing with the larger family of the city, State, or Nation of those qualities which make home a sacred place. To such private life is not a screen where he would hide aught, but it is the smaller area into which are concentrated as by a sunglass the love and devotion which the larger public has shared and rejoiced in. No wonder, then, that when we are called to part with such a man home and city and State and Nation should each feel its own loss to be supreme. The larger family of the public mourns him as an honored and faith- ful servant of the common good; the family circle mourn for him as husband and father, and mourn as they only can who were privileged to share with him the sanctities of the home. And yet, as was said, here are not two lives, but one life. Public service and private life grew from the same divine root. Faithfulness to duty, dependence upon God, there is no fruitage of the Spirit that can not grow from this. Is not this the mean- ing of the poet's great words? — Yea, let all good things await Him who cares not to be great But as he saves or serves the State. Not once or twice in our fair country's story The path of duty was the way to glory, He, that ever following her commands. On with toil of heart and knees and hands. Thro' the long gorge to the far light has won His path upward, and prevail'd, Shall find the toppling crags of Duty scaled Are close upon the shining table-lands To which our God himself is moon and sun. Duty — heaven; by a beautiful necessity does not the one lead always to the other? When, like Jacob of old, we go faithfully on our way, is it not then that the angels of God meet us? And when in our pilgrimage we tarry at a certain place because the sun of life is set, do we not in the morning find this to- be none other than the house of God, this to be the gate of heaven? When we know that to live is Christ, then, also, we know that [53] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner to die is gain. And when we speak of our deep loss we are speaking of ourselves, not of him. If our sense of loss is the measure of his great worth, so also is it the measure of his gain. For it is true beyond peradventure that — Virtue treads paths that end not in the grave; No bar of endless night exiles the brave; And to the saner mind We rather seem the dead that stay behind. It is, then, for ourselves that we mourn, knowing our great loss, while he has ascended to his Father and to our Father, to his God and to our God. And, indeed, when one has come into the world richly endowed, when he has trained and disciplined his mind and has submitted all to the Father of our spirits, when a man has unsparingly given himself for others and has counted not his own life dear unto himself if only he may work the work of Him who sent him while it is called day, and when at the last his every thought has been not for self, but for others, why should not such a soul be able to say, with the apostle, " I have fought the good flight, I have flinished the course, I have kept the faith; henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness which the Lord, the righteous Judge, shall give to me at that day " ? And can we doubt that even now the liberated spirit of such a man has heard the approving words, " Well done, good and faithful servant; enter thou into the joy of thy Lord " ? [54] Address of Mr. Lewis, of Maryland Mr. Speaker: In a few words I wish to state the view held by the people of Maryland of the Hon. Isidor Rayner, their late representative in the Senate. He was dis- tinctively, as has been said, a statesman. And by this, of course, they meant to designate an unswerving and un- usual spirit of loyalty to national interests as well as the interests of Marj^land. It is undeniable that the citizen has two sets of rights and interests: In one of his rela- tions he is purely an individual with corresponding claims direct upon his fellows; in another he is a member in a great State or national cooperative organization, where his rights and interests are collective in character and depend for the protection and enjoyment upon the degree of wisdom and loyalty exhibited by his representatives in official life. It is in the latter relation that Senator Rayner was best known to our people, and it is a great pleasure to testify to their high appreciation of his signal devotion and very great ability in serving them. There can be no question of his unyielding courage and fixity of purpose in this respect. The history of all parts of our country has been practically alike since the war, and all understand the terrific power wielded by those whose interests were individual and opposed in charac- ter to the collective interests, and how too many have yielded — even great political parties have succumbed — to individual interests which have had the power to set aside the collective interests in favor of their own. In such a situation the loyalty of Isidor Rayner was always invincible, for he was a statesman and not one of those who look to the actions of individuals rather than to [55] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner the collective organization of society for their applause and protection. With this great spirit of loyalty to public interests there was combined a degree of talent in advocacy which amounted to genius itself. I shall not need to recite his life's stor}^ or the commanding incidents of his public career. They have been presented by others. But Mary- land was proud, almost immoderately proud, of his prow- ess in debate. She has had others in this House or the Senate of whose brilliancy she was proud; and the Na- tion was proud. He sustained, and splendidly sustained, her past glorj'^ and brought her added glory with the re- curring years. She knew how to judge and compare great men in the public service. For had she not reared at least her share and devoted them to the Nation's serv- ice? There was Pinkney; there was Henry Winter Davis; and then Isidor Rayner. He has gone with them, but his glory remains here with theirs. It is good and is as imperishable as the spirit of loyalty to the public. [56] Address of Mr. Konig, of Maryland Mr. Speaker : Isidor Rayner is dead. His work is done. Our action to-day can neither brighten nor tarnish his fame. But, sir, the beauty of the custom is its defense — to gather here in the workshop of a departed worker and here on the day of rest for those of us who are still in the struggle remind one another of the accomplishments of him who has gone to his eternal rest. Senator Rayner was a leader in the Senate; he was a leader in the House; he was a leader at the bar of Mary- land. Wherever he served, there he led; and he led be- cause he deserved to lead. Endowed with a genius for oratory, imbued with high ambition, gifted with strong intelligence and remarkable industry, and possessed of great wealth. Senator Rayner soon took his place among the men at the top. But, Mr. Speaker, I revere the memory of Isidor Rayner not because he got to the top, but I revere his memory because wherever he served he served with fidelity and honesty. Men deserve honor only as they are faithful and honest, albeit they may have fame and notoriety as they are successful. But for a vagary of fortune the un- known sailor at the mast might have been the famed ad- miral on the bridge, and the obscure soldier in the ranks might have been the heralded general at the front, the sweating toiler the proud captain of industry, and the humble voter the exalted magistrate. Fortune favors, and we are famous; fortune frowns, and we are obscure. Whether fortune enables us to become famous or keeps us obscure, we have it within us to say whether we shall be honest or dishonest, faithful or unfaithful; and accord- [57] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner ingly as we choose do we deserve the approval or the dis- approval of our fellow men. And, after all, what differ- ence does it make whether we are remembered with the world's great men or forgotten with its men unknown? It may well be that we all in playing our little parts are but deceiving ourselves with our seriousness; that we, with our heavy trifling, are the sport of some genius to us as inconceivable as it is unknown. But, taking ourselves as we find ourselves, there is no man with an ambition to attain anything who does not as soon as he attains it finds himself possessed of an ambi- tion to attain something else above and beyond it, and the which if he does not attain leaves him as much unsatisfied as if his first ambition had not been realized. Such is the nature of human effort and ambition; perhaps it is well that it is so. This fact of human history teaches us all a lesson, no matter what may be our station in life, our lot, or our for- tune; if we do our duty honestly and faithfully we need envy no man, no matter what his wealth or what his posi- tion. There is no top rung to the ladder. Position, wealth, and parts are not in themselves happiness, but, on the contrary, they are oftentimes sources of unhappi- ness. The wise man tempers his ambition with content- ment IsiDOR Rayner served his country well and faithfully; let us pray God that we may do likewise. The great ma- jority of us can not hope to be as famed as Senator Ray- ner, but we all can hope and endeavor to leave behind us that which our late lamented friend left behind him, a reputation for honesty and fidelity. [58] Proceedings in the House Mr. Lewis. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Members of the Maryland delegation and of the House have one week in which to print remarks on the subject of the life, character, and public services of the late Sena- tor Rayner. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Mary- land asks unanimous consent that the Members of the House from Maryland and other Members of the House have unanimous consent to print remarks in the Record at any time within one week. If there be no objection, it will be so ordered. There was no objection. ADJOURNMENT And then, in accordance with the resolution previously adopted and as a further mark of respect to the memory of the late Senator Rayner, the House (at 12 o'clock and 44 minutes p. m.) adjourned until to-morrow, Monday, February 3, 1913, at 12 o'clock noon. Monday, February 24, 1913. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Crockett, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- ing resolutions : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with deep sorrow of the death of the Hon. Isidor Rayner, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the business of the Senate be now suspended, to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these reso- lutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. [59] Funeral Services [From The Sun, Baltimore, Nov. 28, 1912] RAYNER BURIED NATIVE STATE AND NATION JOIN IN FINAL TRIBUTE TO MARYLAND SENATOR SIMPLE SERVICE AT HOME HIGH OFFI- CIALS OF NATION AND FOREIGN DIPLOMATS ATTEND MAUSOLEUM HOLDS BODY SENATORS AND CONGRESSMEN ACT AS PALLBEARERS AN IMMENSE FLORAL PALL COVERED THE CASKET THE FUNERAL CORTEGE ONE OF THE LONGEST WASHINGTON HAS SEEN IN MANY YEARS Washington, November 27. His native State and the Nation which he served joined to-day in paying a final tribute to the memory of Isidor Rayner, late senior Senator from Maryland. Attending the funeral services were men high in official life, political associates of the Senator, Cabinet officers, jurists, diplo- mats, and personal friends of the household. And when the eulogy upon the life and public services of the Senator had been delivered at the house more than 200 grief- stricken friends followed the remains to Rock Creek Cemetery, where they were laid away. The funeral cortege was the longest Washington has seen in many years. The leading men of Maryland came to unite with the leading men of the Nation in mourning a mutual loss and to offer tender comfort to a devoted family. The remains of Senator Rayner to-night rest in a mausoleum overlooking the beautiful valley of Rock Creek. They will remain there until the family determines definitely whether or not they will be buried in Washington or in Baltimore. funeral service simple Shortly after 2 o'clock the simple funeral services began. They were held on the library floor of the Rayner residence, 1320 Eighteenth Street. In less than an hour they had been concluded and the cortege was moving slowly to the cemetery. A few minutes before the service was opened President Taft, Charles D. Hilles, his secretary, and Maj. Rhoads, his military aid, arrived. They had been preceded only a few minutes by Attorney General Wickersham and Secretary of Commerce and Labor Charles Nagel. [61] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner Mr. Justice McKenna, of the United States Supreme Court, a friend of the Senator for many years, reached the house just as the President was being seated. Judge Hagner, of the District Supreme Court, arrived with him. Four distinguished members of the foreign diplomatic corps were there. They were James Bryce, ambassador from Great Britain; Count J. H. von Bernstorff, ambassador from Germany; Viscount Chinda, ambassador from Japan; and J. J. Jusserand, ambassador from France. COLLEAGUES PALLBEARERS Flanking the casket on either side were members of the Senate and House of Representatives. They were the official representa- tives of Congress and served as pallbearers at the house and at the vault. The congressional committee assembled in the minority room of the Senate at 1 o'clock and proceeded in a body to the Rayner residence. In the party were Senators Bacon, of Georgia, presi- dent pro tempore of the Senate; John Walter Smith, of Maryland; Sutherland, of Utah; Swanson, of Virginia; Smith, of Georgia; McCumber, of North Dakota; Cui'tis, of Kansas; Burton, of Ohio; Clark, of Wyoming; Overman, of North Carolina, and Gore, of Oklahoma. Representing the House were Congressmen Talbott, Lewis, Linthicum, and Konig, of Maryland; Burgess, of Texas; Byrns, of Tennessee; Doughton, of North Carolina; Foster, of Illinois; Burke, of South Dakota; Campbell, of Kansas, and Dalzell, of Pennsylvania. Around the right arm of each Senator and each Congressman was bound a band of crepe. They wore silk hats, frock coats, and black gloves. In the funeral apartments President Taft and his party were placed at the foot of the casket to the right. The Cabinet officers and jurists were next. To the left the Senators, Congressmen, and House and Senate officials ranged. MARYLANDERS AT HOME In the hall between the library and the drawing room many of the distinguished Marylanders were seated. Attorney General Edgar Allan Poe and former Attorney General Isaac Lobe Straus sat next to Gov. Phillips Lee Goldsborough. A little in the rear of them former Gov. Edwin Warfield, Gen. Murray Vandiver, and other members of the Maryland party were stationed. [62] Funeral Services Just to the right of Attorney General Poe sat Mrs, Schley, widow of Admiral Schley. She was in deep mourning. A heavy veil fell over her face. She had come from Colorado to bow at the bier of the man who had defended the name and fame of her husband and who had wrung from Congress an adequate pension for herself. In the drawing room there were many people, all of them intimate friends of the deceased. Just back of Mrs. Schley, with his head bowed in sorrow, sat Col. William S. Stewart, whose exile by President Roosevelt had been denounced on the floor of the Senate by the Marylander with a force that shook the Roose- velt administration. Near Col. Stewart were former Secretary of State John W. Foster; Gen. John C Black, president of the Civil Service Com- mission; Rear Admiral Harris, of the Navy; former Senator Eugene Hale, of Maine; and a multitude of other friends and former associates. CASKET BURIED IN FLOWERS The casket was almost buried in flowers. An immense floral pall was spread over it. This was presented by the Rayner family. It was made of white roses, planted in a bed of green. At the head of the casket was a beautiful wreath of white chrysanthemums sent by the President and Mrs. Taft. To the right of the bier stood the huge floral oftering of the United States Senate. This was made of roses, orchids, and lilies of the valley. The wreath stood upon a base of palms and ferns and was 5 feet in height. To the left was a gorgeous design sent by the Japanese ambassador. The four sides of the library were banked with other offerings. The hallway between the two large rooms was another bower of blossoms. Among those who sent offerings were the German, English, and French Embassies; the House of Representatives; Mr, and Mrs. John W. Garrett, of Argentina; Senator John Walter Smith; State Senator Blair Lee; Isaac Lobe Straus; the minister from Argentina; Mr. Justice Lamar, of the Supreme Court; Sen- ators Crane and McCuraber; Mrs. Schley; Representative Linthi- cum, of Maryland; and the employees of the Senate. The members of the Rayner family did not leave their private apartments on the third floor of the house during the funeral. They heard the services from their rooms above, but accompanied the remains to the cemetery. [63] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner EULOGY BY CHAPLAIN Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, Chaplain of the Senate and pastor of President Taft's church in this city, pronounced the eulogy. Rev. Charles Wood, pastor of the Church of the Covenant, which the Senator regularly attended in this city, conducted the services. These clergymen occupied positions in the hallway and their voices were easily heard in every room in the house. Mr. Wood led in the Lord's Prayer and then read the Presbyterian funeral service. Dr. Pierce delivered his funeral oration and Mr. Wood closed the service with another prayer. There was no music at the house or at the cemetery. As soon as the services at the house were concluded the Presi- dent departed. The whole assemblage rose as he left the room. The official committees then formed in two lines from the house to the hearse. Between these lines the body bearers carried the casket, still shrouded in the floral pall. Outside the house a great crowd of people had gathered. They packed the sidewalks on both sides of the street, and a squad of policemen had difficulty in keeping the way open. As the bier was carried out, preceded by the two clergymen in their robes, the Senators and Congressmen uncovered and remained with bared and bowed heads until the casket was placed in the hearse. CORTEGE FORMS The funeral cortege was formed on Eighteenth Street, and it was composed of nearly 100 carriages. After the flower-covered casket had been placed in the hearse it was driven three blocks up the street so that the long line of carriages could fall in behind it. Members of the congressional committees entered the carriages and were driven to the head of the funeral cortege. The family were then placed in the carriages. It took a half hour for the large number of relatives and Baltimore and Washington friends of the dead Senator to file from the residence and enter the vehicles. First came Mrs. Rayner, the widow, on the arm of her son, Mr. William B. Rayner. Following were Mrs. William B. Rayner and son, Archibald Rayner. These four entered the first carriage, which immediately followed the hearse. Albert W. Rayner and family and other members of the Rayner family were placed in the next carriages. Accompanying the family was George A. Foos, who has been Senator Rayner's secretary for 29 years. [64] Funeral Services After the family the Baltimore and Washington friends of the dead statesman left the house and entered vehicles. FRIENDS ON OUTSIDE Among those who stood outside the residence to pay a last tribute to the Marylander was Maj. Robert W. Hunter, of Win- chester, Va. He started into the house, but it was so crowded he turned back and remained outside the residence, despite the biting temperature. John J. Mahon and Frank Kelly, of Balti- more, also remained outside the residence on account of the large crowd. SERVICES AT CEMETERY The services at the cemetery were simple, brief, and beautiful, in accordance with the Presbyterian faith. They were conducted by Rev. Dr. Pierce, assisted by Rev. Charles Wood. Before the funeral party reached the cemetery an automobile drove up with the floral tributes. These were banked outside the vault. A large piece of crepe was draped over the vault door, and over this was hung a beautiful wreath of roses. On one side of the vault door was placed the large standing wreath sent from the United States Senate, and on the other side was a similar floral tribute from the Japanese Embassy. For the final services the casket was placed on the catafalque in front of the vault door. Members of the Senate and House who acted as honorary pallbearers gathered to the right. On the left the family stood. Mrs. Rayner and Mrs. William B. Rayner sat in chairs during part of the time. At the conclusion of the services the casket was placed in a cedar box, which was covered with flowers. Before it was sealed in the vault several members of the family stepped to the vault door and took a final look upon the flower-banked box containing all that was mortal of Senator Rayner. MARYLAND WELL REPRESENTED SPECIAL TRAIN REARS MANY WELL- KNOWN MEN TO WASHINGTON With the governor, the entire congressional delegation, the mayor, and many other well-known citizens there, Maryland was well represented at the funeral of Senator Rayner. Friends and admirers of the late Senator, both inside and outside of his party, turned out to pay their final tribute of respect. 10279°— 14 5 [65] Memorial Addresses: Senator Rayner The Maryland party left Camden Station at noon in a special car over the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, arriving in Washington shortly before 1 o'clock. It then proceeded to the Rayner resi- dence, where many of its members personally extended their sym- pathies to members of the family. Some of the Marylanders were in the house while the services were being held, while others joined the throng in front of the house and waited until the pro- cession left for the cemetery, after which they returned to Baltimore. Among the Marylanders were many well-known organization Democrats of Baltimore City, all of whom were fond of Senator Rayner and regarded him as their political friend. For years these men steadfastly supported Mr. Rayner in his campaigns. United States Senator John Walter Smith, who was one of the pallbearers, accompanied the Maryland party to Washington. Former Gov. Edwin Warfield, Gov. Goldsborough, Adjt. Gen. Macklin, and Chairman John B. Hanna, of the Republican State central committee, were on the same train. The special car was arranged for "by the Democratic State central committee of Baltimore, and its chairman, Daniel J. Loden, and James W. Lewis had charge of the arrangements. The party included Messrs. — Wm. Shepard Bryan, Gilbert A. Daily, William J. Martin, Martin P. Healy, Robert E. Lee, Albert Diggs, Edward H. Hargrave, B. H. Worthington, Edward Davis, Harry Goldman, Harry A. Osborn, Frank Markiewicz, Charles R. Whiteford, John C. Dietz, Max Ways, James J. Jung, William J. Garland, Henry Rapp, Mayor Preston, Murray Vandiver, Edgar Allan Poe, John J. Mahon, John S. Kelly, Robert J. Padgett, Daniel J. Loden, George N. Lewis, James W. Lewis, Joseph M. Zamoiski, Eugene O'Dunne, Lloyd L. Jackson, Howard W. Jackson, John F. O'Meara, Dr. George Heller, S. S. Field, George B. Loden, Stephen C. Little, Andrew J. Burns, John T. Daily, Michael J. Rawley, B. F. Gallery, Charles H. Taylor, Raymond S. Williams, John J. Flynn, John E. Benson, Jacob W. Hook, Robert H.Worable, William P. Ryan, J. F. Gettemuller, At the railroad station in Washington the Marylanders were joined by Harry Welles Rusk, and at the Rayner residence they met State Senator Blair Lee, former Judge Martin Lehraayer, former Attorney General Isaac Lobe Straus, Thomas F. McNulty, Michael Sheehan, J. Arthur Wickham, and William Lamar. J. [66] LBJl'U I