E .a .LS53 OWEN EDUCATIONAL SERIES ] OUTLINES IN UNITED STATES HISTORY ELMER S. LANDES I Class. Book. i^ ^T'; Copyright }1°_ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT \: \ COMPLETE OUTLINE 111 Questions and Answers Tables and Nicknames in miTET) STATES HISTOHY Also Brief History of Political Parties By ELMER S. LANDES Instructor in Common Branches, University of Wooster F. A. OWEN PUBLISHING COMPANY DANSVILLE, N. Y. LISRAi^Yof CONGRcSS (wu Copies Kecdived JAH 30 1905 H>,Kl€3 COPY L<. PREFACE The object in offering these outlines, tables, sketches, etc., to the public is to aid teachers and students in making the study of United States His- tory more interesting and inspiring; to introduce plans by which the acquisition of a thorough knowl- edge of the history of our country may be not only an interesting but a pleasant task. It has been fully demonstrated by experience that for the more ad- vanced grades the Topical Method is the best. The topics for recitation herein arranged are, with a few exceptions, based on Montgomery's Leading Facts of .American History and McMaster's School History, -of the United States. Questions whose an- swers may not be found in the above texts are given in the "Questions and Answers," making this book practically complete in itself. The tables, sketches, and nicknames are intended for reference. The "Questions and Answers" will be very helpful to the teacher and student in preparing for exam- inations. E. S. L. Complete Outline in U. S. History I. Definition of — (a) History. (b) Tradition. (c) Biography. (d) Chronology. II. History and Geography. III. Divisions of Historyjz IV. Divisions of Ancient History ja (.3. 1. 2. 3. V. Divisions of Modern History ]^; Periods in American and United States History. I. Aboriginal Period I493 II. Voyage and Discovery 1492 to 1607 III. Colonial Period 1607 to 1775 IV. Revolutionary Period 1775 to 1789 V. National Period 1789 to Present Time Aboriginal Pei riod Abori gines. I. Mound Builders. (a) Earth Works. (a) Where found. (b) Number. (c) Sizes and Shapes. (d) Contents. (e) Purposes. II. Northmen. (a) Herjulfson. (b) Lief Erickson. (c) Thorwald. (d) Thorstein. (e) Thorfinn Karlsefne. (f) Snorri. ^, III. Indians. s! (a) Eight Large Tribes. , 4'. (b) Number. (i. (c) Personal Appearance. .8." (d) Mode of Living. (e) Weapons. (f) Language. (g) Government. (h) Religion. (i) Marriage Customs. (j) Hospitality. (k) Education. (1) Wars. (m) Modes of Burial. (n) Character. (o) Totems, Chiefs, Sache ms. Period of Voyage and Discovery -I. Christopher Columbus. (a) Birth. (b) Parentage. (c) Education. (d) Marriage. (e) Voyages. (f) Character. (g) Death, (h) Burial. II. Discovery of America. (a) Time. (b) Persons. (c) Place. (d) Causes. (e) Hindrances. (f) Results. Spanish Explorers and Discoverers ■1492 Columbus. 1499 Vespucci. 1512 Ponce de Leon. -1513 Balboa. 1517 Cordova. 1518 Grijalva. 1519-21 Cortez. 1519-21 Magellan. 1520 De Ay lion. 1528 Narvaez. 1539-42 De Soto. 1531-36 Pizarro. 1540 Coronado. 1542 Cabrillo. 1565 Manendez. English Explorers and Discoverers -1497 John Cabot. 1498 Sebastian Cabot. 1576 Frobisher. 1579 Drake. 1579-83 Gilbert. 1584 Raleigh. 1584 Amidas and Barlow. 1585 Davis. 1586 Cavendish. 1587 White. 1602 Gosnold. 1603 Pring. 1605 Weymouth. Dutch Explorers and Discoverers 1609 Henry Hudson. 1614 Adrian Block. 1614 Cornelius May. 1614 Christianson. 1616 Baffin. French Discoverers and Explorers 1524 Verrazzani. 1535 Cartier. 1562 Coligny. 1564 Laudonniere. 1562 Ribault. 1605 De Monts. 1608 Champlain. Portuguese Navigators Magellan. Cortereal. - Vasco da Gama. Cabral. Colonial Period Settlement of Virginia (1607) 606 London and Plymouth Companies. 1607 Jamestown. Captain Newport. Edward Wingfield. John Smith. 1609 Second Charter. 1609-10 The vStarving- Time. 1612 Third Charter. Powhatan. 1613 John Rolfe and Pocahontas. 1612 Cultivation of Tobacco. ^ 1619 House of Burgesses. 1619 Introduction of Slavery. 1619 Importation of Women. 1622-44 Indian Massacres. 1660 Navigation Acts. 1673 Culpepper and Arlington. 1676 Bacon's Rebellion. Bacon's Laws. "White Apron Brigade." 1676 Governor Berkeley. 1688 Establishment of Free Schools. 1692 College of William and Mary. Settlement of New York (1614)? 1614 New Amsterdam. 1614 Fort Orange. 1624 Peter Minuit. 1633 Wouter Van Twiller. 1637 William Kieft. 1647 Peter Stuyvesant. Location of New Netherlands. Location of New Sweden. 1655 New Sweden conquered by the Dutch. 1664 Surrender to the English. 1664-7 Richard Nichols. 1667-73 Francis Lovelace. 1673 Dutch take New York. 1674 English take New York. 1689-92 Career of Leisler. 1d97-9 Sir William Kidd. ''734 Freedom of the Press established. 1741 Negro Plot. Settlement of Massachusetts Plymouth Colony. Massachusetts Bay Colony. (1620) ' (1628) Authority and Object of Settlements. Number and Character of Settlers. Puritans, Pilgrims and Separatists. Miles Standish. Canonicus, Samoset. Squanto, Massasoit. 1628 Salem Settlement. 1630 Boston founded. 1634 First use of Ballot Box. 1636 ? Harvard College. 1639 Printing Press. 1656 Persecution of Quakers. 1649 Free Schools Established. 1675 King Philip's War. 1692 Salem Witchcraft. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson. 1643-83 League of Colonies in New England. 1692 Union of Colonies in Massachusetts. Settlement of New Hampshire (1623) 1622 Mason and Gorges. 1623 Dover and Portsmouth. 1629 Division of Laconia. 1638 Settlement at Exeter. Founder of Exeter. Religious Opinions and Land Titles. 1719 Londonderry. 1769 Dartmouth College. "The New Hampshire Grants." "The Beech Seal." Settlement of Maryland (1634) The Calverts. The Maryland Charter. 8 1634 St. Mary's Lord Baltimore's Intention. Religious Freedom. English Catholics. 1645 Clayborne's Rebellion. 1649 Toleration Act. 1655 The Civil War. 1691 Royal. 1715 Proprietary 1763-67 Mason and Dixon s Line. Settlement of Connecticut (1634?) 1635 Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield. "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. New England Immigrants. Thomas Hooker. 1637 Pequot War. 1636 Saybrook. 1638 New Haven. 1639 Connecticut Constitution. "The Blue Laws of Connecticut." "The Seven Pillars." 1642 Establishment of a Free School. 1660 The Regicide Judges. 1687 Andros at Hartford. 1687-1856 Charter Oak. 1701 Yale College. Settlement of Rhode Island (1636) Why so named ? 1636 Providence. New England Immigrants. Roger Williams. 1638 Newport. William Coddington. Mrs. Anne Hutchinson. 1639 The Baptist Church. 1643 First Charter. 1644 Union of Colonies. 1663 Second Charter. 1764 The Brown University. Number of Soldiers in Revolutionary War. Settlement of Dela^varc (1638) Peter Minuit. 1638 Christina. Swedes and Finns. New Sweden. 1655 Stuyvesant's Expedition. 1681 Delaware Purchased by Penn. "The Territories." Why called Delaware ? Acceptance of Constitution of United States. Settlement of the Carolinas (1651 and 1670) 1651 Chowan River. The Virginians. William Drummond. 1663 Albemarle Colony. 1670 Carteret Colony. Barbadoes. Old Charleston. 1670 The Grand Model. 1711 Indian Massacres. 1712 vSeparation. 1729 Royal. Settlement of New Jersey (1664) ? 1664 Elizabethtown. Sir George Carteret. Philip Carteret. 10 Lord Berkeley. Why so called ? East Jersey. West Jersey. Quakers. The Covenanters or Cameronians. 1' 702 United with New York. 1' 738 Royal. Settlement of Pennsylvania (1682)? Grant to William Penn. "Holy Experiments. " 1681 English Immigrants. 1682 W^illiam Penn and English Quakers. 1683 Philadelphia. "The Great Law." 1683 The Great Treaty. 1683-1810 The Elm. 1763-1767 Mason and Dixon's Line. 1774 First Continental Congress. 1775 Second Continental Congress. Settlement of Georgia (1733) 1733 Savannah. James Oglethorpe. Why so called ? Silk and Cotton. German Protestants. Oglethorpe's Two Motives. Restriction on Colony. The Wesleys. Rev. George Whitefield. Founding of the Methodist Church. Slavery and Rum. 1751? Royal. 11 Missionaries I. Jesuit. La Salle. Marquette. Hennepin/ Joliet. Raille. II. English. John Eliot. Thomas Mayhevv. Daniel Gookin. Forms of Colonial Government I. Royal Province or Provincial Government. II. Charter Government. III. Proprietary Government. IV. Commercial Association. V. Voluntary Association. INTERCOLONIAL OR FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. King William's War (1689 to 1697) Causes of. Attack on Schenectady. Attack on Haverhill. Capture of Acadaa. Treaty of Ryswick. Congress of the Norhern Colonies. Queen Anne's War or the \A^ar of the Spanish Succession Cause of. (1702 to 1713) Deerfield. Port Royal or Annapolis. Governor ]\Ioore. Charlestovvn. Nova Scotia. Utrecht. 12 The Spanish War (1739 to 1744) Causes of. Attack on St. Augustine. Results of. King George's War or the War of the Aus- trian Succession (1744 to 1748) Cause of. Burning of Canso. 1745 Capture of Louisburg. Col. Pepperell. Important Results. Aix-la-Chapelle. French and Indian War (1754 to 1763) Commanders-in-chief : (a) English (l^ Edward Braddock. (2) William Shirley. (3) Lord Loudon. (4) Abercrombie. (5) Jeffrey Amherst. (b) French (1) Baron Dieskau. (2) Marquis de Montcalm. ' i 1- Remote. Causes or -^ ^^ Immediate. The Ohio Company. Washington's Journey. Fort Duquesne. "Gateway of the West." Fort Necessity. Great Meadows. Albany Council. 13 Acadia. Braddock's Defeat. Braddock's Funeral Service Second Expedition Against Fort Duquesne. Fort Niagara. Fall of Quebec. Pontiac's War. Treaty of Paris. THE COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL CONGRESSES I. Albany Council. (1754) Place (Albany, N. Y.) Proposition of — (A plan for the union of the colonies. ) Treaty of — (made a treaty with Indians.) "Join or Die. " ^ ' y^ II. Firsr-Conjmal-er Stamp- Act Congress. _J(^ -. (Oct. 7, 1765.) ^ . ^--^ 1^-"^ , ^i Place (New York City.) ^^^^^ ^^ ^ ' * i ^ /^ jJvM>-W '^^ ''Colonies Represented (9.) (f^ if 5j-/^'^^^- Declaration of Rights and Grievances. ' -I '' l^-*''^li. SeeeftdXekmial-Gr First Continental Congress, %tf^^ (Sept. 5, 1774.) ^ ,^^- ^ Place (Philadelphia.) <=UA^A^'^ Cause (Oppressions of England.) ' "^ /l^ Number of Delegates (53.) '. Yjuir^ ^^^ Colony not Represented (Georgia.) -^t;, 7 fsM^^^ ^u^ Carpenter's Hall. Jf^^'^ ., ,^^ -^**^ ^ Measures. - QMi-"^" i ^ ^ fVt^V^ : IV. Second Continental Congress (May 10, 1775.) Place (Philadelphia.) Cause (Battles of Lexington and Concord.) 14 oV^ J ^^^^ / ^ ^ - ""^ Petition. Paper Money. Election of' Commander-in-chief of United States Army (George Washington.) V. Continental Congress of 1776 Place (Philadelphia.) Declaration. -^ <-^>^*-/<-'j'^^ Committee sent to France. Articles of Confederation. The Main Provisions made by the Congresses of 1777, 1778, 1779 and 178(J were to carry on the war of the Revolution. The Thirteen Original Colonies in 1763 Population. Number of Slaves. Largest Cities. Area and Boundary. Forms of Government. Language. Religion. Slavery. Trade. Mode of Travel. Postal Service. Hospitality. Laws. Rights of Colonial Governors. Education. Literary Men. The Causes of the Revolutionary War 166(J Navigation Act. 1733 Importation Act, Molasses Act or Sugar Act. 1761 Writs of Assistance. , ,[, 1765 Stamp Act. - -W--^-^^- < 1765 First Colonial Congress. 1766 Declaratorv Act. 15 ^^ 1767 Townshend Act 1768 iMutiny Act 1770 Boston Massacre. 1773 Boston Tea Party. 1774 Boston Port Bill.' 1774 First Continental Congress, Taxation without Representation. Influence of France on the Colonies Rulings of George III. Right of Arbitrary Government. 1^ Revolutionary Period, 1775-1789 War of the Revolution (1775-1783) Commanders-in-Chief : (a) English — 1. Thomas Gage. ■ — ^ 2. Sir William Howe. 3. Sir Henry Clinton. 4. Sir Guy Carleton. (b) American — 1. George Washington. Events of 1775 ^^^. Battle of Lexington. — ^ ^^~^^^Jf y^^^y^^^f^ Ticonderoga and Crown Point, ^v^ Otr^ Second Continental Congress. ^ ^^V'-t^ ^p-*^^^-^ Battle of Bunker Hill. Gage's Proclamation. Mecklenburg Resolutions. jJ^v^^ '- Quebec. ^ j^f (r«^ ^^ 1775-1776 Siege of Boston. •—»-«.-•*- Events of 1776 Fort jNIoultrie. Lee's Resolution. — Declaration of Independence. The Hessians. 16 The Tories, Loyalists or Royalists. The Patriots or Whigs. An Important Committee. — Battle of Long Island. Washington's Retreat. Nathan Hale. Battle of White Plains. Battle of Trenton. )V^-<. "^ i^ Franklin, Deane and Lee. Events of 1777 Washington at Morristown. Continental Bills. Need of Money. Robert Morris. Victory at Princeton. -^ Burgoyne's Expedition. -^ Battle of Bennington. Battle of Brandywine. Battle of Germantown. First Battle of Saratoga. Second Battle of Saratoga." The Stars and Stripes. Morgan's "Sharpshooters." "Turning Point of the Revolution." Acceptance of Articles of Confederation by Con- gress. 1777-1778 Washington at Valley Forge, Pa. Events of 1778 Conway Plot or Cabal. Treaty with France. "Peace Proposals of England. Baron Steuben's Services. Battle of Monmouth. Clinton Succeeds Howe. Lee's Disgrace. "Captain Mollie. " Indian Massacres. 17 Colonel Clarke's Expedition. Queen Esther's Rock. 1778-1779 Washington at :\Iiddlebrook, N. J. Events of 1779 British Army at the South. Movements in South Carolina. Capture of Stony Point. Poor Richard and the Serapis. Events of 1780 Fall of Charlestown. Partisan Warfare in the South. Hanging Rock The "Ragged Regiment." Battle of Camden. King's Mountain. Arnold's Treason. 1780-81 The Army at Morristown, N. J. Events of 1781 Mutiny. Green's Retreat Through South Carolma Battle at Cowpens. Greene at Steel's Tavern. The Catawba, Yadkin and Dan Rivers. Guilford Court House. Hobkirk's Hill. Eutaw Springs. Siege of Yorktown. \ Surrender of Cornwallis. Miscellaneous Topics. 1783 Treaty of -Versailles or Paris. 1783 Boundary of United States. , . ,TT i a. England. Cost of Revolutionary War -j ^ United States. 1782 George Hi's Speech on United States. "Sons of Liberty." 'Daughters of Liberty." 18 *'Cradle of Liberty." *'Five Intolerable Acts." "Minute Men." "Father of the Revolution." Shay's Rebellion. "Paul Revere's Ride." "Green Mountain Boys." The "Ship of State." Virginia and Connecticut Reserves. Ordinance of 1787. The Gerrymander. The Third Term Tradition. Sanitary and Christian Commissions. "Sheridan's Ride " The Ovvenite Communities. Blue Lodges. "The Brownists. " Congress Lottery. "Starved Rock. " "Ticket Money." Articles of Confederation. When framed by Congress? (1776-1777) When adopted by the states? (1777-1781) When in force? (March 1, 1781) When and how did the colonies become States? Nature of Government ? T ,. T\ r ^ i a. No taxing power. Leadmg Detects i , at /^ i 4- .u j ^ I b. No power to regulate trade. Issue of Paper Money. * ' Legal Tender Acts. ' ' Amendments proposed ? Why not amended ? Attempts of States to Regulate Trade. Trade Convention of Annapolis. (1786) Constitutional Convention. Time. (May 14 to Sept. 17, 1787.) Place. (Independence Hall, Philadelphia.) 19 Number of members. (55.) "Father of the Constitution." (James Madison.) President of the Convention. (AVashington.) The Virginia and New Jersey plans. Adoption of Virginia plan. Adoption of the Constitution. (Sept. 17,1787.) First and last States to adopt it. (Delaware and Rhode Island.) "The New Roof. " (Constitution so called by the Federalists.) National Period. 1789 to Present Time. 1789-1797 George Washington John Adams of Virginia, of Massachusetts, President. Vice-President. Party in Power. (Federal.) 1789 Inauguration. (April 30.) 1789 Washington's Cabinet. 1789 Chancellor Livingston. 1789-91 First ten Amendments or "Bill of Rights. ' 1790 First Census. 1791 United States Bank. 1792 United States Mint. 1792 Free Coinage. 1790 Death of Franklin. 1790 National Capital. 1791-92-96 New States (Vermont, Kentucky, Ten- nessee.) 1793 Citizen Genet. 1793 Cotton Gin. 1794 The Whiskey Rebellion. 1795 Jay's Treatv. 1795 to 1798 Federal Money. 1795 Treaty with Algiers. 1796 Change of Naturalization Period. 20 1796 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Federal, John Adams and Thomas Pinckney. (b) Anti-Federal, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Issue, Jay's treaty with England. 1797-1801 John Adams Thomas Jefferson of Massachusetts, of Virginia, President. Vice-President. Party in Power. (Federal.) 1798 X. Y. Z. Papers 1798 Department of Navy established. 1798-1800 Quasi War or Trouble with France. 1798 Alien and Sedition Laws. 1798 Kentucky Resolutions. 1799 Virginia Resolutions. 1798 National Song. 1798 Eleventh Amendment. 1798 Stamp Tax. 1798 The Direct Tax. 1798 Fries's Rebellion. 1799 Death of Washington. 1800 Removal of the Capital. "Palace in the Wilderness." 1800 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. (b) Federal, John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney. Issue, Alien and Sedition Laws. 1801-1809. Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr, George Clinton of Virginia, of New York, President. Vice-Presidents, Party in Power (Republican.) 1801 Introduction of President's Message. 1801-5 Tripolitan War. 21 1802 Naturalization Period changed. 1802 United States Military Academy established at West Point. 1803 Purchase of Louisiana. 1803 Admission of Ohio. 1804 Twelfth Amendment. 1804 Lewis and Clark's Expedition. 1804 The Hamilton-Burr Duel. 1806 Orders in Council, ~) -n, u ^ t7 i- u ion/ ATI T-> f or French and English 1806 Milan Decree, ^ blockades 1806 Berlin Decree, ) t^lockaaes. 1806 Pike's Peak. 1807 Burr tried for Treason. 1807 Fulton's Invention. 1807 Embargo Act. 1807 Importation Act. 1807 Chesapeake and Leopard. 1808 The Oregon Country. 1809 The Non-Intercourse Act. 1808 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, James Madison and George Clinton. (b) Federal, Charles C. Pinckney and Rufus King. Issue, The War with England and the Embargo Act. 1809-1817 James Madison George Clinton of Virginia, of New York, President. and Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, Vice-Presidents. Party in Power. (Republican.) 1809 Macon Bill. Trade with Great Britain. Napoleon's Deception. 1811 Tecumseh's Conspiracy. 1811 Tippecanoe. 1812 Admission of Louisiana. 22 1812 The Henry Letters. 1812 The War Congress. 1812 Causes and Declaration of War of 1812 1812 Detroit. 1812 The Constitution and Guerriere. 1812 The Wasp and Frolic 1812 The Hornet and Peacock. 1812 The Chesapeake and Shannon. 1813 Lake Erie. 1813 Creek War. 1814 Chippewa. 1814 Lundy's Lane. 1814 Burning of Washington. 1814 Fort McHenry. 1814 "The Star Spangled Banner." 1814 McDonough's Victory. 1814 Hartford Convention. 1814 Treaty of Ghent. 1815 New Orleans Victory. 1816 Admission of Indiana. 1816 Second National Bank chartered. 1816 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, James Monroe and D. D. Tompkins. (b) Federal, Rufus King.* (No particular candidate for vice-president.) Issue, None distinctly defined. 1817-1825 James Monroe D. D. Tompkins of Virginia, of New York, President. Vice President. Party in power. (Republican.) 1817 First Seminole War. 1817 Monroe's Journey North. 1818 Joint Occupation of Oregon. 1818 Canadian Boundary. 1819 Purchase of Florida. ♦The Federalists voted for Rufus King but made no nominations. 23 1820 Missouri Compromise, 1820 Second Election of Monroe. 1823 Monroe Doctrine. "Era of Good Feeling." Pensions. 1824 Protective Tariff. 1817 18, 19, 20 and 21. New States. Slavery Question in the North and South. 1824 Lafayette's visit to the United States. 1824 Political parties and candidates. (a) Democratic (b) National Republican. Candidates for President — Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams and W. H. Crawford. John C. Calhoun for VicePresident. Issue, None distinctly defined. 1825-1829 John Quicy Adams John C. Calhoun of Massachusetts, of South Carolina, President. Vice-President. Party in Power. (National Republican.) 1825 Bunker Hill Monument. 1825 Erie Canal. 1825 "Clinton's Big Ditch." 1826 American Society for Promotion of Tem- perance. 1826 Death of Jefferson and Adams (July 4.) 1826 William Morgan's Book. 1827 Organization of Anti-Masonic Party. 1828 Tariff. 1828 Webster's Dictionary. 1827 ( ?) First Railroad. Growth of Railroads in United States. The Portage Railroad. 1828 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Democrat, Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. 24 (b) National Republican, John Quincy Adams and Richard Rush. Issue, Tariff and National Bank Questions. 1829-1837 Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun of Tennessee, of vSouth Carolina, President, Martin VanBuren, of New York, Vice-Presidents. Party in Power. (Democrat. ) "Kitchen Cabinet." Rotation in Office and Political Revolution. "The Spoils System." 1829 Postmaster General given seat in Cabinet. 1829 Civil Service Changes. 1830 First Mormon Church. 1830 First National Nominating Convention. 1832 First Party Platform. 1832 Webster-Hayne Debate. "The Force Act." W. L. Garrison and "The Liberator," 1832 Tariff. 1832 Black Hawk War. 1832 Thomas Benton and United States Bank. 1833 Nullification Act of South Carolina. 1833 The Compromise Tariff". 1833 Chicago. 1834 Indian Territory organized. 1835-43 Second Seminole War. 1835 New York Fire. 1836 Washington Fire 1836 Admission of Arkansas. 1836 Specie Circular. 1836-44 "Gag Rule." 1837 Admission of Michigan. Pocket Vetoes of Jackson. Pet and Wildcat State Banks Speculation Period. 25 1837 Division of Surplus Revenue. 1836 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Democrat, Martin VanBuren and R. M. Johnson. (b) Whig, William Henry Harrison, and Francis Granger. Issue, The National Bank Question. A nominating convention was not held in 1836 by the Whig party but the several states named William Henry Harrison, Daniel Webster, W. P. Man- gum, as candidates for president, and John Tyler, Francis Granger and John McLean as candidates for vice-president. 1837-1841 Martin VanBuren Richard M. Johnson of New York, of Kentucky, President. Vice-President. Party in Power. (Democrat.) 1837 Financial Panic and its Causes. 1837 Canadian Rebellion. 1837 "Steamer Caroline. " 1839 Washingtonian Society Organized. 1840 Organization of Liberty Party. 1830-47 The Mormons. 1840 Sub-Treasury Bill. Location of Chief Treasury. Locations of Sub-Treasuries. The Anti-Slavery Movements. 1840. Political Parties and Candidates (a) Whig, William Henry Harrison and John Tyler. (b) Democrat, Martin VanBuren and R. M. Johnson. (c) Liberty, J G. Birney and Francis Lemoyne. Issue, Protective Tariff and National Bank. 26 1841-1845 William H. Harrison John Tyler of Ohio, of Virginia, President. Vice-President. (One month) Party in Power. (Whig. ) 1841 Death of Harrison. 1840-1850 Immigrants to United States. 1840 Whig Party Doctrine. 1840 Democratic Party Doctrine. 1842 Dorr's Rebellion. 1842 Webster- Ashburton Treaty. Tyler and the Whig Congress. Resignation of the Cabinet. 1841 Tyler's Vetoes. 1844 Electric Telegraph. 1844 First Message by Telegraph. 1845 Anti-rent Riots in New York. 1845 Annexation of Texas. 1844 First Treaty with China. 1845 Admission of Texas. The Bankrupt Law. 1845 The "Present Crisis." 1844 Political Parties and Candidates. . (a) Democrat, James K. Polk and George M. Dallas. (b) Whig, Henry Clay and Theodore Fre- linghuysen. (c) Liberty, James G. Birney and Thomas Morris. Issue, Annexation of Texas. 1845-1849 James K. Polk George M. Dallas of Tennessee, of Pennsylvania, President. Vice-President. Party in Power. (Democrat.) The Oregon Question. 27 Marcus Whitman. "Fifty-four Forty or Fight." Settlement of Northwestern Boundary of United States. 1846-48 Mexican War. 1846 Wihnot Proviso. 1846 Admission of Iowa. 1846 Suspension Bridge. 1846 The Sewing Machine. 1846 The Bear State Republic. 1846 "The Great American Desert." 1846 The Virginia Portion of District of Co- lumbia re-ceded to Virginia. 1846 Independent Treasury Bill. 1846 Hoe's Printing Press. 1848 Discovery of Gold. 1848 Free Soil party. 1848 Admission of Wisconsin. 1849 Department of Interior Created (March 3.) 1848 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Whig, Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore. (b) Democrat, Lewis Cass and W. O. Butler. (c) Free Soil, Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams. Issue, Slavery was the leading issue, but the Whigs and Democrats made no particular issue. The Mexican War. 1846-1848 Causes — (a) Real. (Annexation of Texas. ) ^^^ (b) Immediate. (The boundary line between Texas and Mexico.) Generals-in-Chief — (a) American 3 Zachary Taylor. (a) American ^ y^^^f^^^^ ^^^^^ (b) Mexican — Santa Anna. Declaration of War by United States. (May 13, 1846.) 28 Declaration of War by Mexico. (May 23, 1846.) 3846 Palo Alto (May 8.) 1846 Resaca de la Palma (May 9.) 1846 Monterey (Sept. 24.) 1847 Buena Vista (Feb. 23.) 1847 Vera Cruz (Mar. 27.) 1847 Cerro Gordo (April 18.) 1847 Pueblo (May 15.) 1847 City of Mexico (Sept. 14.) 1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo (Feb. 2.) 1849-1853 Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore of Louisiana, of New York, President. Vice-President. (Sixteen months.) Party in Power. (Whig.) 1850 Extension of Slavery. 1850 Death of the President. 1850 Omnibus Bill. 1850 Admission of California. 1850 Fugitive Slave Law. 1850 Squatter Sovereignty. 1850 Personal Liberty Laws. 1850 Importation of Slaves in District of Columbia. "Underground Railroad." 1851 The Maine Law. 1851 The Filibusters. 1852 Death of Clay and Webster. i852 Uncle Tom's Cabin. 1852 "Tripartite Treaty. " 1852 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Democrat, Franklin Pierce and W. R. King. (b) Whig, Winfield Scott and W. A. Graham, (c) Free Soil, J. P. Hale and G. W. Julian. Issue, (No special issue; for both the Dem- ocrat and the Whig party considered the Slavery question settled since 1850.) 29 1853-1857 Franklin Pierce William R. King of New Hampshire, of Alabama, President. Vice-President. Party in Power. (Democrat.) 1853 World's Fair in New York City. 1853 "Crystal Palace." 1853 Gadsden Purchase. 1853 Death of the Vice-President. 1853 Union Pacific Railroad. 1853 Know Nothing or American Party. 1854 Perry's Treaty with Japan. 1854 Kansas- Nebraska Bill. 1854 Ostend Manifesto. 1854-61 Civil War in Kansas. "Border Ruffians," "Abolitionists," "Black Republicans." 1856 Organization of Republican Party. 1856 Brooks Assaults Sumner. 1856 "Silver Grays. " 1856 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Democrat, James Buchanan and J. C, Breckinridge. (b) Republican, John C. Fremont and W. L. Dayton. (c) Know Nothing,* Millard Fillmore and A. J. Donelson. Issue, Extension of Slavery. *Iu 1856 the Whigs ratified the nominations of the Know Nothing Party. 1857-1861 Tames Buchanan J. C. Breckinridge of Pennsylvania, of Kentucky, President. Vice-President. Party in Power. (Democrat.) 1857 Dred Scott Decision. 1857 Panic in Business. 1857-58 Lecompton Constitution, 30 1858 Discovery of Silver. 1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates. 1858 The Atlantic Cable. 1858-59-61 New States. (Minnesota, Oregon and Kansas. ) 1859 John Brown's Raid. 1859 Petroleum Well. 1860 South Carolina Secedes. 1860 Split in Democrat Party. 1860 National Constitutional Union Party. 1860 Bell and Everett Party. 1861 The Peace Convention. 1861 "Confederate States of America." 1861 Star of the West. 1861 "The Stars and Bars." 1860 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, Abraham Lincoln and Han- nibal Hamlin. (b) Northern Democrats, Stephen A. Doug- las and Herschel V. Johnson. (c) Southern Democrats, John C. Breckin- ridge and Joseph Lane. (d) Constitutional Union, John Bell and Edward Everett. Issue, (Republican, Non-extension of slavery in the territories.) (Northern Democrats, Popular Sovereignty.) (Southern Demo- crats, Extension of Slavery.) (Constitu- tional Union, The Laws and the Union.) 1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln Hannibal Hamlin of Illinois, of Maine, President. VicePresident. Party in Power. (Republican.) 1861-65 The War of the Rebellion. 1861 Death of Stephen A. Douglas. 1861 Organization of the Bureau of Agriculture. Proposed Thirteenth Amendment. 31 1862 The Homestead Act. 1862 Slavery prohibited in the Territories and abolished in the District of Columbia. 1862 First Issue of Greenbacks. 1863 Founding of National Banks. 1863-64 New States (West Virginia and Nevada.) 1864 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) (Radical) Republican, John C. Fremont and John Cochrane. (b) Democrat, George B. McClellan and George H. Pendleton. (c) (Regular) Republican, Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. The above nominations were made but by September Fremont and Coch- rane withdrew, and Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were elected by the Republican Party. Causes of the "War of the Rebellion I. Remote — (a) Slavery. (a) State Rights. (c) Want of Intercourse between North and South. (d) Increase of Territory. (e) Different Systems of Labor in North and South. (f) Different Construction of the Constitution. (g) Publication of Sectional Books. II. Immediate — (a) The Secession of the States. Influences that Led to the War of the Rebellion 1793 Invention of the Cotton Gin. 1820 Missouri Compromise. 1832 Nullification Act of South Carolina. 1832 Anti-Slavery Society. 1845 Annexation of Texas. 1850 Fugitive Slave Law. 1850 Personal Liberty Laws. 32 1857 Dred Scott Decision. 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1859 John Brown's Raid. Protective Tariff Law. Anti-Slavery Parties. (a) Liberty (b) Free Soil (c) Republican, The War of the Rebellion Generals-in-chief : (1) Union— (a) Winfield Scott. (b) H. W. Halleck. (c) George B. McCIellan. (d) U. S. Grant. (Lieutenant General.) (2) Confederate— (a) Robert E. Lee. Events of 1861 April 12 Fort Sumter. April 15 Call for Troops. April 19 Baltimore Riot. Contrabrands. General condition of the North and South. Nov. 1 Commander-in-chief. Strength of the Armies in the North and South. April 19 Southern Ports Blockaded. July 2 Battle of Bull Run or Manassas. Nov. 8 "The Trent Affair." The Union Plan of the War. Events of 1862 Feb. 6 Fort Henry. Feb. 14-16 Fort Donelson. Mar. 9 Merrimac and Monitor. April 6 and 7 Battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Land ing. April 7 Island No. 10. 33 April 25 Capture of New Orleans. Peninsular Campaign. June 25-July 1 "Seven Days' Battle." Sept. 17 Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg. Sept. 14 Battle of South Mountain. Dec. 13 Battle of Fredericksburg. Dec. 31 Battle of Murfreesboro. Lee's Invasion of Maryland. Events of 1863 Jan. 1 Emancipation Proclamation. Lee's Second Invasion of the North. May 2 and 3 Battle of Chancellorsville. July 1, 2 and 3 Battle of Gettysburg. Opening of the Mississippi. July 4 Surrender of Vicksburg. July 9 Surrender of Port Hudson. July Draft Riots. July Morgan's Raid. Siege of Charleston. Sept. 19 and 20 Battle of Chickamauga. Nov. 23-25 Siege of Chattanooga. Events of 1864 "Hammering Campaign." The Meridian Raid. The Red River Expedition. March 3 Grant and the Union Armies. May 5-6 Battle of the Wilderness. May 9 Sheridan's Raid on Richmond. May 9-10 Battle of Spottsylvania Court House. June 3 Battle of Cold Harbor. June 19 Kearsarge and Alabama. May 15 to July 18 Sherman's Advance to Atlanta. July 30 Explosion of Petersburg Mine. Aug. 5 Blockade of Mobile. Aug. 18 Capture of Weldon Railroad. Nov. 16 to Dec. 26 Sherman's March to the Sea. Dec. 16 Battle of Nashville. 34 Events of 1865 April 2 Petersburg vSurrenders. April 3 Richmond Surrenders. April 9 Lee Surrenders. April 14 Assassination of Lincoln. April 26 Johnston Surrenders. May 10 Capture of Jefferson Davis. War Prisons. Henry Wirz. Cost of the War. (a) In lives (About 700,000 men.) (b) In money (Increased national debt to $2,750,000,000.) (c) In property and business (Cannot be estimated.) Leading Results — (a) Freed the Slaves. (b) Preserved the Union. 1865-1869 Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson of Illinois, of Tennessee, President. Vice-Presidento (Forty-four days.) Party in power (Republican.) 1865 Reconstruction Policy of Johnson. 1865 Reconstruction Policy of Congress. 1865 Amnesty Proclamation. 1865 XIII Amendment. 1865 Disbanding of the Army. 1866 Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights Bill. 1866 The Atlantic Cable. 1866 The Peabody Fund. 1867 Stanton Removed from Office. 1867 Purchase of Alaska. 1867 Maximilian. 1867 Bureau of Education Established. 35 1867 Tenure of Office Act. 1867 Admission of Nebraska. 1868 Burlingame Treaty. 1868 Impeachment of Johnson. 1868 Six states Re-admitted. 1868 Organization of Ku-Klux-Klan. 1868 The "Ohio Idea." 1868 The Greenback Party. 1868 XIV Amendment. 1869 XV Amendment. 1868 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, U. S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax. (b) Democrat, Horatio Seymour and F. P. Blair. Issue, Rights of Seceded States and Negro Suffrage. 1869-1877 Ulysses S. Grant Schuyler Colfax of Illinois, of Indiana, President and Henry Wilson of Mass., Vice-Presidents. Party in Power (Republican.) 1869 Union Pacific Railroad. 1870 Weather Bureau. 1871 Joint High Commission. 1871 Treaty of Washington. 1871 Alabama Claims. 1871 Geneva Arbitration. 1871 Force Bill. 1871 Chicago Fire. 1872 Modoc War. 1872 Liberal Republicans. 1872 Boston Fire. 1872 Credit Mobilier. 1873 Panic of 1873. 36 1873 Salary Act or Salary Grab. 1873 Demonetization o^ Silver. 1874 Inflation Bill. 1874 Whiskey Ring. 1875 Resumption Act. 1876 General Custer in the Sioux War. 1876 Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. 1876 Loan Office Certificates. 1876 Admission of Colorado. 1877 Telephone and Phonogragh. 1877 Joint Electoral Commission. 1876 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, R. B. Hayes and W. A. Wheeler. (b) Democrat, S. J. Tilden and T. A. Hen- dricks. (c) Greenback, Peter Cooper and S. F. Carey. (d) Prohibition, J. C. Smith and R. G Stew- art. Issue, Resumption of Specie payment, 1877-1881 Rutherford B. Hayes William A. Wheeler, of Ohio, of New York, President. Vice President. Party in Power (Republican.) 1877 Withdrawal of Troops in the South. 1877 Railroad Strikes. 1877 Halifax Award. 1877 Bland Silver Bill. 1875-81 Captain Eads. 1878 Bland- Allison Bill. 1878 Silver Remonetized. 1878 Yellow Fever in the South. 1879 Life Saving Service Established. 1879 Negro Exodus. 1849 Resumption of Specie Payment. 37 1880 Treaties with China. 1880 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican. James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur. (b) Democrat, Winfield S. Hancock and William H. English. (c) Greenback, J. B. Weaver and E. J. Chambers. (d) Prohibition, Neal Dow and H. A. Thompson. Issue: Protective Tariff was the leading issue. 1881—1885. James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, of Ohio, of New York, President. Vice President. (7 mo. 14 da.) Party in Power (Republican) 1881 Star Route Frauds. 1881 Assassination of Garfield. 1881 Centennial at Yorktown, Va. 1882 Overflow of the Mississippi River. 1882 Trial and execution of Guiteau, 1882 Edmunds Anti-Polgamy Bill. 1883 Completion of the Brooklyn Bridge. 1883 A Civil Service Bill. 1882 Red Cross Society. 1883 Adoption of Standard Time, 1884 Anti-Chinese Bill. 1884 Cotton Centennial Exhibition 1884 The Anti-Monopoly and Labor Parties. 1885 Washington Monument. 1883-5 Reduction of Letter postage. 1884 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, James G. Blaine and John A. Logan. 38 _b) Democrat, Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks. (c) Prohibition, J. P. St. John and William Daniel (d) Greenback Labor, Benjamin F. Butler and A. M. West. (e) American Prohibition National, S. C. Pomeroy, J. A. Conant. (f) Anti-Monopoly, Benjamin F. Butler, A. M. West. (g) Equal Rights, Mrs. Belva A. Lockwood, Mrs. M. L. Stow. Issue, Republicans for protection, the Democrats for simple revenue tariff. 1885-1889. Grover Cleveland Thomas A. Hendricks, of New York, of Indiana, President. Vice President. (8 mo., 21 da.) Party in Power. (Democrat.) 1885 Death of the Vice President. 1885 Civil Service Reform. 1885 Anti-Contract-Labor Law. 1886 Strikes. 1886 Chicago Anarchists. 1886 Presidential Succession Law. 1886 Charleston Earthquake. 1886 The Statue of Liberty. 1887 Inter-State Commerce Act. 1887 Electoral Count Act. 1888 Chinese Exclusion Act. 1888 Department of Labor. 1888 Mills Tariff Bill. 1888 Department of Agriculture. 1888 Political Parties and Candidates: (a) Republican, Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton. 39 (b) Democrat, Grover Cleveland and Allen G. Thurman. (c) Prohibition, C. B. Fisk and J. A. Brooks. (d) Union Labor^ A. J. Streeter and C. E. Cunningham. (e) United Labor, R. H. Cowdrey and W. H. T. Wakefield. (f) Equal Rights, Mrs. Belva A. Lockwood and A. II. Love. Issue, Tariff was the leading issue between the leading parties. 1889-1893 Benjamin Harrison, Levi P. Morton, of Indiana, of New York, President. Vice President. Party in Power (Republican.) 1889 Oklahoma Opened. 1889 Australian Ballot System. 1889 Farmer's Alliance and Industrial Union. 1889 Pan-American Congress. 1889 Johnstown Flood. 1889 Washington Centennial. 1. North Dakota. 2. South Dakota. 3. Montana. 4. Washington. 1889 New War Ships. 1889 International Maritime Council. 1890 Admission of Idaho and Wyoming. 1890 Anti-Trust Act. 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase. 1890 McKinley Tariff Bill. 1890 New Pension Act. 1890 Census of 1890. 1890 Land Mortgage Scheme. 1891 People's Party Organized. 1892 Homestead Strikes. 40 1889 New States <( 1892 Dedication of World's Fair Buildings. Woman Suffrage. 1892 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Democrat, Grover Cleveland and Adlai E. Stevenson. (b) Republican, Benjamin Harrison and Whitelaw Reid. (c) Peoples, J. B. Weaver and J. G. Field. (d) Prohibition, John Bidwell and J. B. Cran- field. Socialist Labor, Simon Wingand, C. H. Matchett. Issue, Tariff between the Democrat and Republican Parties. 1893-1897 Grover Cleveland Adlai E. Stevenson of New York, of Illinois, President. Vice President. Party in Power (Democrat) 1893 Special Session of Congress. 1893 Panic in Business. 1893 Behring Sea Commission. 1893 The Gold Reserve. 1893 Columbian E.\position. 1893 Repeal of Sherman Silver Act. 1894 Repeal of the Force Act. 1894 Coxey's Commonweal Army. 1894 The Pullman Strike. 1894 Hawaiian Question. 1894 The WilsoiT Bill. 1895 Venezuelan Boundary Question. 1895 Cuban Revolt. 1895 Bond Issues. 1896 Admission of Utah. 1896 Arbitration Treaty at Washington. 1896 The "Educational Campaign." 41 1896 Political Parties a Candidates. (a) Republican, William McKinley and Garret A. Hobart. (b) Democrat, William J. Bryan and Arthur Sewall. (c) National Democrat, J. M. Palmer and S. B. Buckner. (d) Silver Party, W. J. Bryan and Arthur Sewall. (e) Populists, W. J. Bryan and Thomas Watson (f) Prohibition, Joshua Levering and Hal Johnson. (g) National Party, Rev. C. E. Bentley and J. H. Southgate. (h) Socialist Labor, C. H. Matchett and M. Maguire. Issue, The leading issues were a high protective tar- iff and free coinage of silver. 1897-1901 William McKinley Garrett A. Hobart, of Ohio, of New Jersey, President. Vice President. Party in Power. (Republican.) 1897 McKinley's Inaugural Address. 1897 Dingley Tariff Bill. 1897 Cuban Question. 1897 Congressional Library Building. 1898 Increase of Exports. 1898 "Greater New York." 1898 The Maine Destroyed. 1898 Naval Court of Inquiry. 1898 President McKinley's Special Message to Congress. 1898 United States Declares War against Spain. 1898 Battle of Manila. 1898 Destruction of Cervera's Fleet. 1898 Capture of Santiago. 42 1898 War Bonds and War Taxes. 1898 Treaty of Peace. 1898 Trans-Mississippi Exposition. Expansion. 1899 Wireless Telegraphy. 1900 Galveston Disaster. 1900 Twelfth Census of United States. 1900 Total Cost of the War with Spain. 1900 Political Parties and Candidates. (a) Republican, William McKinley and Theo- dore Roosevelt. (b) Democrat, William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson. (c) Peoples, William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson. (d) Peoples (Middle-of-the-Road), Wharton Barker and Ignatius Donnelly. (e) Silver Republican, William J. Bryan and Adlai Stevenson. (f) Prohibition, John G. Woolley and H. B. Metcalf. (g) Socialist Labor, J. F. Malloney and Val- entine Rennel. Issue, Free silver, protective tariff and expansion were the leading issues. The War With Spain. 1898. Remote (The Cuban Question). Immediate (The Destruction of the Maine). United States declares War. Batteries at Mantanzas destroyed. Dewey's Victory at Manila. Admiral Sampson's Fleet at San Juan, Puerto Rico. June 3 Hobson Sinks the Merrimac. June 24 Rough Riders attacked. July 3 Admiral Cevera's Fleet Captured. 43 Causes- — (a) (b) April April May May 25 . 27 1 12 July 28 General Miles captures Ponce, Puerto Rico. August 12 Protocol signed at Washington. August 13 Manila captured. Dec. 10 Treaty of Peace signed. 1901— ( ) William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt of Ohio, of New York, President. Vice President. (6 mo., 10 da.) Party in Power (Republican.) 1901 Assassination of William McKinley. 1901 Roosevelt becomes President. 1901 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. 1901 Death of Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. 1<*01 Death of Queen Victoria. 1901 Death of Ex-President Harrison. 1901 Death of William M. Evarts. 1901 Capture of Aguinaldo. 1901 Schley Court of Inquiry. 1901 Pan-American Congress. 1901 Pan-American Exposition. 1901 First Official Act of President Roosevelt. 1901-02 Steel and Railroad Combinations. 1902 Visit of Prince Henry of Prussia, to United States. 1902 Capture of General Lukban, the Filipino Leader. 1902 Purchase of Danish-West Indies Islands. 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike. 1903 Destruction of Property by High Water. 1903 Roosevelt's Journey Through the West. 1903 Launching of the Minnesota. 1903 Dedication of Exposition Buildings at St. Louis. 1903 Ohio Centennial at Chillicothe. 44 Roosevelt's Cabinet. June, 1903. 1. Secretary of State, John Hay of Ohio. 2. Secretary of Treasury, Leslie M. Shaw of Iowa. 3. Secretary of War, Elihu Root of New York. 4. Attorney General, Philander C. Knox of Penn- sylvania. 5. Postmaster General, Henry C. Payne of Wiscon- sin. 6. Secretary of Navy, William H. Moody of Massa- chusetts. 7. Secretary of Interior, Ethan A. Hitchcock of Missouri. 8. Secretary of Agriculture, James Wilson of Iowa. 9. Secretary of Commerce, George B. Cortelyou of New York. 45 777 Questions and Answers 1. Define tradition. A. An oral account transmitted from father to son. 2. Define biography. A. The history of the life of an individual. 3. Define chronology. A. A science which treats of the various divisions of time. 4. What is history? A. A record of past events. 5. What is the central point in history? A. The birth of Christ. 6. What are the divisions of history? A. Ancient. Medieval and Modern. 7. Define ancient history. A. Ancient history extends from the earliest time to the fall of the Roman Empire — 476 A. D. 8. Define medieval history. A. Medieval history extends from the fall of the Roman Empire to the close of the 15th Century. 9. Define modern history. A. Modern history embraces all history from the close of the 15th century to the present time. 10. What is knovvn as classical history? A. The history of the Greeks and Romans. 11. What are the divisions of ancient history? A. Civil, sacred and profane. 12. Define civil history. A. Civil history is an acccount of the rise, continuance, and fall of empires, kingdoms and states. 47 13. Define sacred history. A Is that which is contained in the Sacred Scriptures. 14. Define profane history. A. Profane history is history other than Biblical. 15. For what is ancient history distinguished? A. Ancient history is distinguished for the rise and fall of Assyria. Persia, Greece and Rome. 16. For what is modern history distinguished? A. Modern history is distinguished for the art of print- ing, invention of gunpowder, and discovery of America. 17. What is the history of the Middle Ages? A. Medieval history. 18. The Middle Ages cover how many years? A. About 1,000. 19. Name the five periods of United States history. A. 1. Aboriginal Period ( — to 1492.) 2. Voyage and Discovery (1492 to 1607.) 3. Colonial Period (1607 to 1775.) 4. Revolutionary Period (1775 to 1789.) 5. National Period (1789 to the present time.) 20. Who were the first inhabitants of America? A. Tho first inhabitants of America were unknown. The name given them was Mound Builders. 21. Why were they called Mound Builders? A. Because of their great mounds and earth works found in different parts of the country, of which the Indians have no tradition. 22. The Mound Builders were followed by what race? A. Indians. 23. Why were the Indians so named? A. Columbus named them "Indians" because he thought the island he had found was a part of India of East- ern Asia. 24. Name the eight large Indian tribes. A. Algonquin, Huron-Iroquois, Dakota or Sioux, Catawba, Cherokee, Uchees, Natches and Mobilian. 48 25. Which of these tribes was the largest and which the most powerful in war? A. (a) Algonquin. (b) Huron-Iroquois. 26. Who first claimed that the earth was round? Who confirmed it? Who undertook to prove it? A. (a) Toscanelli, (b) Sir John Mandeville, (c) Christo- pher Columbus. 27. What was the exciting problem of the ISth century? A. Finding an nearer route to India. 28. How is Marco Polo connected with the discovery of America? A. He e.xcited the people of Europe about the Indies in his wonderful account of the riches of Cathay and the island of Cipango. 29. Why did Columbus wish to sail to India? A. Because the route at that time to this country of spices, pearls, silks and gold was overland. Colum- bus was also a deeply religious man, and wished to bring the barbarous nations of the far East to the knowledge of the Christian faith. 30. When and by whom was Greenland discovered? A. In 985 by Eric the Red, an Icelandic chief. 31. What did the Northmen call this country? A. Vinland or Good Vinland. 32. Who was the first white child born in America. A. Snorri in 1007. 33. Who was Madoc? A. Madoc, a Welshman, is supposed to have crossed the Atlantic in 1170, and founded a colony in this coun- try. He and his colony were never heard from but the Mandans, a tribe of Indians who are nearly white, trace their origin to Madoc's colony. 34. When, where and by whom was the Western Contin- ent first seen b}' white men? A. (a) 986, (b) Labrador, (c) Herjulfson. 35. What caused the depopulation of Greenland in 1350? A. A great plague spread thither from Norway.- 49 36. When and by whom was the real discovery of Amer- ica made? A. October 12. 1492, by Christopher Columbus. 37. Who of Columbus's expedition first saw the land? A. Roderigo de Triana first saw the island which was named San Salvador. 38. What dues the word San Salvador mean? A. Holy Savior. 39. Where did Columbus apply for aid to fit out an ex- pedition? A. First to his own countrymen, then to the king of Portugal, then to Spain and in the meantime he sent his brother Bartholomew to England. 40. Who finally furnished him with ships and money? A. Queen Isabella of Spain. 41. From where did Columbus start on his first voyage? A. From Palos, Spain, August 3, 1492. 42. How many voyages did Columbus make? A. Four; 1492. 1493. 1498 and 1502. 43. When and by whom was America first so called? Why? A. 1507 by WaldesmuUer, of Fribourg, a German pro- fessor. Because Amerigo Vespucci wrote the first account of it. 44. Of what did Columbus build a fort on Haiti? A. Of the Santa Maria, one of his vessels. 45. What were the names of Cokimbus's vessels? A. Pinta. Nina and Santa Maria. 46. What title was given to Columbus? A. Viceroy of the New World. 47. When and where did Columbus die? A. May 20, 1506, at Valladolid, Spain. 48. Give an account of his burial. A. His remains were carried to Seville; afterward they were removed to San Domingo, and in 1796 to the cathedral at Havana where they now rest. (?) SO 49. What nations took an active part in exploring North America? A. Spain, England. France and Holland. 50. Name the most important Spanish discoverers and explorers. A. Columbus, Vespucci, Balboa, Ponce de Leon, De Soto, Magellan, Grijalvah, De Ayllon, De Narvaez and Malendez. 51. When and by whom was Florida discovered? A. 1512 by Ponce de Leon. 52. When and by whom was the Pacific Ocean discovered? A. September 26, 1513 by Balboa. 53. When and by whom was Mexico discovered? A. 1518 by Grijalvah. It is also claimed that Cordova made this discovery in 1517. 54. From whom was Balboa fleeing? A. From his creditors and the wrath of the king. He was a freebooter. 55. How did Balboa get to America' A He hid himself in the hold of a vessel and when far out at sea he came from his hiding place and begged mercy. 56. What became of Ponce de Leon? A. He was wounded in a battle with the Indians in Florida. 'He sailed back to Cuba where he died from the wound which he had received. 57. When and by whom was Yucatan discovered? A. In 1517, by Cordova. 58. Who first circumnavigated the globe? A. Magellan, 1519-21. 59. Where was Magellan killed? A. On one of the Philippine Islands, in a skirmish with the natives. 60. What ship was the first to circumnavigate the globe? A. The Victoria, the ship which Magellan commanded. 51 _J 61. When and by whom was the Mississippi river dis- covered ? A. In 1541 by De Soto, near where Memphis now stands. 62. What explorer made the Indians believe he was a Child of the Sun? A. De Soto. 63. When did De Soto die and where was he buried? A. In 1542. In the river which he discovered. 64. What, when and by whom was the oldest town in United States founded? A. St. Augustine, in 1565, by Malendez. 65. Who was Malendez? A. Pedro Malendez, "a soldier of ferocious disposition and criminal practice," was sent by the king of Spain to colonize Florida and destroy a colony of French Protestants called Huguenots near the mouth of the St. John's river. 66. Name the most important French explorers. A. Verrazzani and Cartier. 67. Who was called the "Father of New France" ? A. Samuel de Champlain. 68. What was the foundation of the French claim in. America? A. Verrazzani's voyage. 69. What did James Cartier discover? A. The river and gulf of St. Lawrence in 1535. 70. What was the first permanent French settlement in the New World? A. Port Royal, N. S. , in 1605. 71. What is the name of the vessel in which Verrazzani sailed? A. The Dauphin. 72. When and by whom was Quebec founded? A. By Samuel de Champlain, in 1608. 73. Where was Champlain buried? A. Under a flight of stairs in Quebec. 52 74. When and by whom Avas Brazil discovered? A. In 1500, by Cabral. 75. Name the most important English discoverers and explorers. A. The Cabots, Sir Francis Drake. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Sir Walter Raleigh, Bartholomew Gosnold, Martin Pring and George Weymouth. 76. When and by whom was the mainland of North America discovered? A. May 24, 1497, by John Cabot. 77. Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe? A. Sir Francis Drake. 78. What was the name of the vessel in which Drake sailed? A. The Pelican or Golden Hind. 79. How long did it take him to make thi^ voyage? A. Two years and ten months. 80. What did Drake call the western coast of the United States? A. New Albion. 81. Where were the French settlements of America mostly located ? A. Near the gulf and river of St. Lawrence. 82. Who, where and when was the first white child born ot English parents in America? A. Virginia Dare, on Roanoke Island, in 1587. 83. Who was the founder of the city of Raleigh? A. Sir Walter Raleigh. 84. Who was chosen first governor of Raleigh? A. Ralph Lane. 85. What did Raleigh call the lands which he explored? A. Virginia, in honor of Elizabeth who was called the Virgin Queen. 86. When and by whom was Cape Cod discovered? A. 1602. by Bartholomew Gosnold. 53 87. When and by whom was the Penobscot river dia- covered? A. 1605. by Weymouth. 88. What can you say of Raleigh's success in trying to found a colony in America? A. Unsuccessful. Spent all his fortune, about $200,000. 89. What is meant by the "Lost Colony of America" ? A. The colony which Raleigh left on Roanoke Island. No trace of it was ever found. 90. Where did Raleigh write his ' 'History of the World' ' ? A. In the Tower, a prison in London. 91. How was Raleigh's life ended? A. After being in prison twelve years he was beheaded. 92. What was the English claim in America and on what was it based? A. The English claim of Virginia stretched from Florida as far as Labrador and was based on the voyages of the Cabots. 93. By what right did Spain claim the Pacific coast? A. By exploration. 94. Name four Portuguese navigators. A. Magellan, Cortereal, Vasco da Gama and Cabral. 95. Name the leading Dutch explorers. A. Hudson, Baffin, May, Block, Christiansen. 96. On what was the Dutch claim based? A. On Hudson's discovery, and extended from the 40th to the 45th degree north latitude. 97. Locate New Netherlands. A. New Netherlands extended from Cape Cod to Cape Henlopen. 98. Locate New Sweden. A. New Sweden extended from the Delaware Bay to the Falls near Trenton. 99. Who sailed in the "Half Moon"? A. Henry Hudson. 54 100. When, where and by whom was the "Unrest" built? A. By Adrian Block, in 1614, on Manhattan Island. 101. What became of Henry Hudson? A. While he was exploring the Hudson Bay, his crew mutinied, and set him adrift in an open boat with his son and eight of his companions. Nothing was ever heard of them since. 102. Who sailed in the "Fortune" ? A. Cornelius May. 103. What was Henry Hudson in search of? A. He sought a nearer passage to Asia. 104. Name the forms of colonial government? A. Charter, Proprietary, Royal or Provincial, Commer- cial Association, Voluntary Association. 105. When, where and by whom was the first permanent English settlement made in the United States? A. 1607. Jamestown, Virginia, by Christopher Newport. 106. What two companies were organized, April 10, 1606, and what territory was granted each? A. London and Plymoutli Companies. The London Company was given power to establish settlements anywhere between the 34th and 38th degrees north latitude. The Plymouth Company between the 41st and 45th degree of north latitude. 107. What river was once called the Jordan? A. The James river in Virginia. 108. How many charters were granted the London Company ? A. Three; 1st, 1606, 2d, 1609 and 3d, 1612. 109. When was the London Company dissolved? A. 1624 when Virginia became royal. 110. What is known as the "Starving Time" in Virginia? A. The winter of 1609 and '10, when the colonists were reduced in number from 490 to 60. 111. When and where was the first legislative assembly held in America? A. 1619, at Jamestown. This body was called the House of Burgesses. 55 112. What distinguished man was among the English settlers at Jamestown? A. John Smith. 113. When and where was the first Indian massacre in Virginia? A. March 22, 1622, at Jamestown. 114. Give a short biography of Captain John Smith. A. He had fought for freedom in Holland; he traveled through France and visited Italy and Egypt; he had battled against the Turks in Hungary; served as a slave in Constantinople and the Crimea; escaped through Russia and found a new field for adventure in Morocco. He finally became the guardian genius of Virginia. 115. With whose governorship did the true life of Virginia begin ? A. Sir George Yeardley. 116. Who was the first governor of Virginia? A. Edward Wingfield. 117. What year marks the introduction of slavery? A. 1619. 118. Give date and cause uf King Philip's War. A. 1675. Jealousy. 119. Who was called the "Father of Virginia"? A. Captain John Smith. 120. Give date and cause of Bacon's Rebellion. A. 1676. Indian depredations and the king's grant of Virginia to Lords Arlington and Culpepper. 121. What remark did Charles II. make about Gov- ernor Berkeley? A. After Berkeley had hanged twenty-two men he said, "The old fool has taken more lives in that naked country than I, for the murder of my father." 122. Who said, "I thank God there are no free schools and printing presses in America"? A. Goveror Berkeley. He claimed that these made men rebellious. 56 123. State the leading provfslons of the Navigation Act of 1660. A. 1st. All colonial exports must be sent to England. 2d. None but vessels bearing the English flag were allowed to trade in New England. 3d, a duty must be paid on both exports and imports. 124. Who were the regicide judges? A. Those who condemned Charles I. to death. 123! How many regicide judges were there? Name two. A. 59. Edward Whalley and William Goffe. 126. When and why was Jamestown burned? A. During Bacon's rebellion. To prevent it from being captured by an English fleet. 127. After Bacon's rebellion what became the capital of Virginia? A. Williamsburg. 128. Why was Bacon's burial place kept a secret? A. Because Berkeley had threatened to hang the body in chains on a gibbet. 129. Who uttered the words, "My heart breaks, now I am ready to die" ' ? A. King Philip, when he heard that his wife and son had been sold into slavery. 130. What noted man was a descendant of Pocahontas? A. John Randolph, of Roanoke, a noted politician. 131. What was Pocahontas's Indian name? A. Matoaka. 132. Who was "Lady Rebecca"? A. Pocahontas was so called by the English. 133. Who introduced the cultivation of tobacco in Vir- ginia? A. John Rolfe. 134. What two new plants did Raleigh introduce in England ? A. Tobacco and the potato. 135. Who fell dead while engaged in prayer on the shore of Lake Michigan ? A. Father Marquette, a French missionary. 57 136. Under what circumstances were the words "Not as French but as heretics" used? A. After Manendez had murdered all the inhabitants of the French fort under Ribault, he nailed to a tree the inscription "Not as French but as heretics." 137. Who sailed in the 'Griffin"? A. La Salle. 138. Who was called the "Indian Apostle" ? A. John Eliot. 139. Who sailed the first ship on the Great Lakes. A. La Salle. It was launched on Lake Erie. 140. What was the first Bible printed in America called? A. Eliot's Indian Bible. 141. What noted preacher gave all his earnings to the poor? A. John Eliot. 142. When was New York first settled? A. 1613 (?) by the Dutch. 143. Name the five Dutch Governors of New York. A. Verhulst. Peter Minuit, Wouter Van Twiller, Wil- liam Kieft, Peter Stuyvesant. 144. When did the Dutch conquer New Sweden? A. 1655. 145. When did New Amsterdam surrender to the English? A. 1664 146. Name the first two English Governors of New York. A. Richard Nichols and Francis Lovelace, followed by Andros and Dongan. 147. What was the negro plot? A. Several fires occurred in New York City in 1741. It was thought that a conspiracy had been formed by the negroes to kill the whites and thereby get control. Freedom being offered, several confessed to it and named the conspirators. Over one hundred were con- victed, thirty-eight put to death and fifty were sent to the West Indies. It was afterward thought that no plot existed. 58 148. Name a noted pirate. A. Cai'tain Kidd. He was sent out by a private enter- prise and afterward turned pirate, securing a large amount of treasure. He was arrested in Boston, taken to England and hanged in 1701. "Ever since the days of Captain Kidd, The Yankees think there's money hid." 149. What was peculiar in the government of Plymouth? A. It was a pure democracy; i. e. , all the settlers in common meeting made the laws. 150. Who was called "Old Wooden Leg"? A. Peter Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch governors of New York. 151. When was the freedom of the press established in New- York? A. 1734. 152. When and where was Massachusetts first settled? A. 1620, at Plymouth. 153. What and where is " Forefathers' Rock"? A. On the shore of Massachusetts due west from the ex- tremity of Cape Cod. 154. Who was called the "Little Indian Fighter"? A. Miles btandish. 155. What did Canonicus send to Governor Bradford and how did Bradford answer? A. A rattlesnake skin filled with arrows. Bradford filled it with powder and shot and sent it back. 156. What composed the United Colonies of New England? A. Massachusetts, Connecticut, Plymouth and New Haven Colonies. 157. When and by whom was Boston founded? A. 1630, by John Winthrop. 158. Name two colonial annalists. A. John Winthrop and Governor Bradford. 159. Give date and names of several leaders of the Salem Witchcraft. A. ■•^92. Parris, Mather, Phipos and Stoughton. 59 160. When was New Hampshire first settled? A. I'i23 at Dover and Portsmouth. 161. What learned man wrote a book on witchcraft? A. Cotton Mather; to defend his attitude in the Salem witchcraft in which he was active. 162. At what time did the Puritan Sabbath begin? A. Saturday evening at sunset. 163. Who were the Puritans? A. They were members of the established church of Eng- land, who regarded the Protestant revolution in Eng- land as incomplete and urged that the English worship should be "purified." 164. Who were the Separatists? A. The Separatists were a branch of Puritans who sep- arated themselves from the church of England. 165. Why were the Pilgrims so called? A. Because of their wanderings. 166. Give date and result of the Pequot War. A. 1637. Extermination of the tribe. 167. Who urged the Narragansetts not to join the Pequots? A. Roger Williams. 168. When, where, and by whom was Delaware settled? A. 1630 (?), Lewiston, by Swedes and Finns. 169. Locate Laconia. A. The territory between Merrimac and Laconia rivers. The three northern New England states were so called, because of their many lakes. 170. Who was the founder of Exeter? A. Rev. John Wheelwright. 171. Who was the commander of the first New England army? A. Miles Standish. It consisted of nine men. 172. When and by whom was Harvard College founded? A. 1636 (?) by an endowment of ;^400 voted by the state. Later John Harvard gave his library and half of his estate, hence its name. 60 173. When was the first printing press se-t up in the United States? A. 1639. In the house of the president of Harvard College. 174. What was the first publication issued from an American press? A. The New England Almanac. 175. Who sailed in the "Mayflower"? A. The Puritans. 176. Who was called the "Hero of New England"? A. Miles Stand ish. 177. By what colony was the ballot box first used? A. Massachusetts Bay colony in 1634. 178. When, wheie and by whom was Maryland settled? A. 1634. St. Mary's. By Roman Catholics. 179. Who was called the ' ' Light of the Western Churches' ' ? A. Thomas Hooker. 180. When and where was Connecticut settled? A. 1636 (?) at Windsor. Hartford and Wethersfield? 181. Who was called the "Tyrant of New England" ? A. Edmond Androp. 182. When was Yale College founded? A. 1701. 183. What colony adopted the Bible for their constitution? A. New Haven Colony. 184. When was New Haven founded ? A. 1638. 185. When and where was New Jersey settled? A. At Elizabethtovvn in 1664. 186. When and by whom was Pennsylvania settled? A. 1681(?) by William Penn. 187. How much did William Penn pay for Pennsylvania? A. ;^16.000. 188. What was known as the "Great Treaty" ? A. The treaty that Penn made with the Indians which was never sworn to and never broken. 61 189. What is meant by the Blue Laws of Connecticut ? A. A code of laws noted for their severity. So called because they were printed on blue paper. 190. When and by whom was Providence founded? A. 1636 by Roger Williams. 191. What was the name of a Quaker law by which every thing was conceded to the people? A. The Concession. 192. Who was called the "Scourge of Maryland" ? A. William Clayborne. 193. What was known as the "Land of Summer" ? A. Florida was originally so called. 194. When, where and by whom was Georgia settled? A. 1733, at Savannah by James Oglethorpe. 195. What were James Oglethorpe's two motives? A. Patriotism and benevolence. 196. Who was the founder of the Baptist Church? A. Roger Williams. 197. Who was the founder of the Methodist Church? A. John Wesley. 198. What was the "Grand Model" ? A. It was a constitution of North and South Carolina prepared by Lords Shaftsbury and John Locke. It proved to be too grand. Tt contained 120 articles. 199. What was introduced into this country in the year 1700? A. The cultivation of cotton and rice. 200. Where was the first "Civil Body Politic" formed? A. On board the Mayflower, when the Pilgrim Fathers bound themselves by a solemn compact. 201. What is meant by the Dutch? ^ A. The people of Holland. 202. What is known as the "Toleration Act" in Mary- land ? A. A law passed by the State Legislature that all relig- ious denominations should be tolerated. 63 203. What was said of the attractions of Virginia to settlers? A. It was said to be "the best poor man's country in the world. " 204. Who was the second Englishman to circumnavigate the globe? A. Cavendish. 205. Who was the originator of the Mississippi scheme? A. John Law, a Scotch financier. 206. What was paid the Indians for Rhode Island by Wil- liams and his friends? A. Forty fathoms of white wampum, twenty hoes, and ten coats. 207. What was the beginning of our free public school system ? A. A public school was established in Boston in 1635, and in 1649 a law was passed providing for the free public education of every white child in Massachusetts. 208. What colony first adopted a written constitution? A. The Connecticut Colony. 209. What was Washington's first public service? A. When he served as Governor Dinwiddle's messenger. 210. What permanent settlements were made in the begin- ning of the seventeenth century? A. The French at Port Royal, N. S., 1605. The English at Jamestown, 1607. The French at Quebec, 1608. The Dutch at New York 1613 (?) The Engli-sh at Plymouth, 1620. 211. What was known as "Old Colony" ? A. The Plymouth Colony. 212. What was known as the "South Sea" ? "The Sea of Darkness" ? A. (a) Pacific Ocean. (b) Atlantic Ocean. 213. What Act of Parliament was styled "The folly of England and the ruin of America" ? A. The Stamp Act. 63 214. Name the five Intolerable Acts. A. Boston Port Bill, Transportation Bill, Massachusetts Bill, Quartering Act and Quebec Act. 215. When did the "House of Burgesses" meet? A. 1619 at Jamestown, Va. 216. What was the third Townshend Act? A. It laid taxes on glass, lead, painter's colors, paper and tea. 217. What was the Sugar or Molasses Act? A. In 1733 Parliament laid a tax of 6d. a gallon on molasses and 5s. per hundredweight on sugar brought into this country from any other place than the British West Indies. 218. Who founded the city of New Orleans? A. Bienville, a French Canadian explorer, in 1718. John Law, a Scotch financier, has also been credited with this. 219. Who was called the "Traveler of the Middle Ages" ? A Marco Polo. 220. Who was the first to die who came over in the May- flower? A. Rose Standish. 221. Contrast the character of the settlers at Jamestown with that of those at Plymouth. A. The settlers of Jamestown were idle, dissolute and improvident; while those at Plymouth were indus- trious, sober and religious. 222. What was the Navigation Act of 1631? A. That tobacco must be exported solely to England. 223. Who was the leader of the New York settlement? A. Cornelius May, who sailed in the "Fortune." 224. What was the object in making the settlement of Maryland ? A. To found an asylum for persecuted Catholics. 225. Who were the Huguenots? A. French Protestants who came to Florida on account of religious persecution. Melendez murdered them. 64 226. Give name and date of each Inter-Colonial War. A. King William's War 1689-1697. Queen Anne's War 1702-1713. The Spanish War 1739-1744. King George's War 1744-1748. French and Indian War 1754-1763. 227. Which of these wars is given by some historians as simply the trouble between England and Spain in the history of Georgia? A. The Spanish War. 228. What was the cause of the Spanish War ? A. Commercial rivalry between England and Spain. Also conflicting territorial claims. 229. What was the cause of King William's War? A. After the abdication of King James from the British throne, the King of France assisted him in his attempts to regain his throne by lending him an army. This caused a war between England and France which extended to their American colonies. 230. What is the otlier name for Queen Anne's War? A. War of the Spanish Succession. 231. What is the other name for King George's VVar? A. War of the Austrian Succession. 232. Give name and nature of treaty that closed King William's War. A. Ryswick. Each side held the same territory as before. 233. How were the expenses of the expedition against Quebec in King William's War paid? A. By the first issue of paper luoney, issued by the Mas- sachusetts Bay Colony. 234. What was the beginning of our postal service? A. The first post v/as established by Benjamin Frank- in in 1754. 235. What was the cause of the series of wars known as the Inter-Colonial or French and Indian Wars? A. A desire for supremacy in Amercia by the French and English, together with their natural enmity. 65 236. How did the Spanish War close? A. It simply merged into King George's War in 1744. 237. What was the cause of Queen Anne's War? A. The King of Spain having died without leaving a direct heir, it affected the balance of power in the suc- cessions, which finally led to a declaration of war against Louis XIV. and was carried to the American Colonies. 238. How were the Quakers treated in Massachusetts? A. First they were whipped; then their tongues were pierced with hot irons; and finally they were hanged. 239. Who invented postage stamps? A. A Scotch printer. 240. Who were the "Covenanters"? A. Scotch Presbyterians who dissented from the church of Scotland and settled in New Jersey. They were also called "Cameronians. " 241. What was the Ohio Company? A. A number of Virginians organized themselves into a company to trade with the Indians and to resist the French fur traders from settling in the Ohio Valley. 242. Who first established religious freedom in America? A. Roger Williams. 243. What was known as New France? A. Nova Scotia. Canada was also knuwn by this name. 244. What was known as New Spain? A. Mexico was thus called by the Spainards. So also was Florida. 245. What was called the "New Roof" ? A. The Constitution was so called by the Federalists. 246. Where was the Constitutional Convention held? A. In Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia. 247. Name the thirteen original colonies. A. Ntw Hampshire, Massachusetts. Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Dela- ware, Maryland. Virginia, North Caroli'^a, South Carolina, and Georgia. 66 248. How many Pilgrims settled at Plymouth In 1620? A. 102, of which one-half died the first winter. 249. What was the cause of King George's War? A. A dispute as to the Austrian crown, which extended to the American colonies. 250. What is meant by Mason and Dixon's Line? A. A dispute arose between William Penn and Lord Balti- more concerning a boundary line. Penn was finally granted one-half of the land lying between Chesa- peake and Delaware Bays. The boundary was fixed by two surveyors. Mason and Dixon, (1763-1767). During the Civil war this line marked the division between the free and the slave Atlantic states? 251. What was the name and terms of the treaty that closed King George's War? A. Aix la Chapelle. Fixed the boundary line beween Georgia and Florida and left the colonial territory unchanged. 252. When was Louisburg fortified? A. In 1745. 253. How was Louisburg fortified? A. By walls of solid masonry thirty feet high. 254. By whom was it fortified? A. By the French. The fortifications cost millions. 255. Where is Schenectady? A. Seventeen miles west of Albany. 256. Where is Haverhill? A. Thirty-three miles north of Boston. 257. Where is Deerfield ? A. In Northwestern Massachusetts. 258. Where is Louisburg? A. On Cape Breton Island. 259. Who were the Esquimaux? A. The people who inhabited the northern parts of America. 260. What does the name Esquimau mean? A. Eater of raw meat. 67 261. What country was once called Acadia? A. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and a part of Maine. 262. Name a metaphysician and a philosopher of the Colonial Period. A. (a) Jonathan Edwards; (b) Benjamin Franklin. 263. Whence did Connecticut get its name? A. From the name of its principal river, which the Indians called Connecticut. 264. Who wrote the " History of the Plymouth Plantation" ? A. William Bradford in 1588. 265. Who wrote the "History of New England" ? A. John Winthrop in 1588. 266. Name two poets of the Colonial Period. A. Mrs. Anne Bradstreet and Michael Wigglesworth. 267. Who wrote " Essays to do Good" ? A. Cotton Mather. 268. What was the first English book printed in America? A. "Bay Psalm Book." 269. What was the first book written by an English colonist? A. John Smith's "True Account of Virginia." 270. In what three fields was Benjamin Franklin famous? A. As an author, statesman and philosopher. 271. Describe the Charter Government. A. That form in which the King granted a charter directed to the colonists, and under its restrictions they governed themselves. 272. Define the Proprietary Government. A. That form in which the colony was controlled by one or more persons who owned the territory. 273. Define Royal Province or Provincial Government. A. That form in which the colony was controlled by a man appointed by the King. 274. Define Commercial Association. A. That form in which the colony was controlled by a company whose object was financial profit. 68 27i>. Definite Voluntary Association. A. That form in which the colonists made and executed their own laws, without authority from the King. 276. To what Genoese sailor are we most indebted? A. Christopher Columbus. 277. Who conquered Peru? A. Pizarro in his third attempt. 278. When was communication with the New World cut off? A. When Greenland and Iceland were depopulated by a great plague in 1350. 279. What was the cause of the French and Indian War and what treaty closed it? A. Disputed territory. Treaty of Paris. 280. What was the nature of this treaty? A. The whole extent of North America, east of the Mis- sissippi river, from the far north to the Gulf of Mexico, fell into the hands of the English. 281. What was the final event of this war? A. The capture of Quebec by the English in 1759. 282. What two generals were killed in the battle of Quebec? A. General Wolfe and General Montcalm. 283. What was the population of the Colonies in 1763? A. Nearly 2,000.000, of which about one-sixth were slaves. 284. What is known as the "Gibraltar of America" ? A. Quebec, on account of its strong fortress. 285. What did the Prime Minister of England. Lord North, say when he signed the treaty of 1783? A. "It is all over." 286. How much territory did we acquire under the treaty of 1783? A. 827,844 square miles. 287. What was the Boston Port Bill? A. An act passed by Parliament forbidding the landing of goods in Boston. 69 288. What is another name given the Separatists? A. They were called "Brownists. '* 289. Name two strange delusions of Colonial times. A. The Salem Witchcraft in Massachusetts, and the "Negro Plot" in New York. 290. What was the French and Indian War called in Europe? A. The Seven Years' War. 291. What was the first American journal? A. The Boston News Letter, established in 1704. 292. What effect did the French and Indian War have upon the Indians? A. It caused what is known as Pontiac's Conspiracy. 293. How did England propose to pay her war debt? A. By taxing the colonies with a share of the expense. 294. Who was King of England at the close of the French and Indian War? A. George III. 295. What Englishman was in favor of acknowledging the independence of the United States in 1778? A. William, the first Earl of Chatham. 296. What is called the "Cradle of Liberty" ? A. Faneuil Hall, built in 1740, and given to the town of Boston by Peter Faneuil. 297. What is meant by "Old Style" and "New Style" in history? A. In the year 1752 a correction was made in the Cal- endar; and time reckoned before 1752 is therefore Old Style, after 1752 New Style. 298. What was done in the Albany Convention? A. A plan of permanent union was submitted to the convention by Dr. Franklin. This convention was composed of all the colonies north of the Potomac and was held at Albany, New York. 1754. 299. What was the principal battle of King Philip's War? A. The Swamp Fight, which took place in Rhode Island. 70 300 When and by whom was Pontiac killed? A. In 1769 by Cahokia, an Indian, for the bribe of a barrel of liquor. 301. Who were the Acadians? A. They were a simple-minded, rural people, who lived in Acadia, now called Nova Scotia. They were com- pelled to go on board the English ships at the point of bayonets to be transported to British colonies in America. Wives husbands and children were separated never to see each other again. Longfel- low's "Evangeline" pathetically describes the mis- fortunes of these exiles. 302. By what measure did England begin her oppressions on the Colonists? A. By imposing duties on imported articles. A law providing for this was called the "Navigation Act." 303. What was the "Stamp Act." A. A law providing that all deeds, notes, bills, and other legal documents, should be written on stampecj paper. 304. What is said of the first Colonial Congress? A. It was held in New York City, October 7, 1765. Nine Colonies were represented and a protest against the Stamp Act was made. Timothy Ruggles of Massa- chusetts was its president. 305. When and where did the P^irst Continental or Second Colonial Congress meet? A. September 5, 1774, at Philadelphia. 306. When and where did the Second Continental Congress meet? A. May 10, 1775, at Philadelphia. 307. What measures were taken by it? A. War was declared, and George Washington was ap- pointed Commander-in-Chief. 308. What were the Writs of Assistance? A. They gave the King's officers the authority to search for smuggled goods. They therefore could enter a man's house at their own pleasure. 71 309. What was Richard Henry Lee's motion June 7 1776? A. "That these United Colonies are and of right ought to be, free and independent states." 310. What Committee prepared the Declaration of Inde- pendence? A. Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Frank- lin. John Adams and Robert R. Livingstone. 311. Who were the "Minute Men" ? A. Colonists in Massachusetts, who pledged themselves. to take the field any minute they might be called. 312. When was the Stamp Act repealed and what English- men favored its repeal. A. February 22, 1766. William Pitt and Edmund Burke. 313. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? A. Thomas Jefferson. 314. When and by whom was the Declaration of Inde- pendence signed? A. Aug. 2, 1776, by the fifty-six members of Congress. 315. What were the "Mecklenburg Resolutions" ? A. A prelude to the Declaration of Independence. A "declaration of independence"made by the citizens of Mecklenburg County, N. C. 316. When were the Articles of Confederation framed? A. 1776-1777. 317. When adopted by the states? A. 1777-1781. 318. When did they go into force? A. March 1, 1781. 319. What two leading defects were in the Articles of Con- federation? A. (a) No taxing power. (b) No power to regulate trade. 320. What was the first battle of the Revolution? A. Battle of Lexington. April 19, 1775. 321. When and where was the battle of Bunker Hill fought? A. June 17, 1775, on Breed's Hill. 72 322. Who commanded the British troops in 1775? A. Clinton, Burgoyne and Howe. 32o. Who were the Royalists or Tories? A. Those who were loyal to England during the Revo- lution. 324. Who were the Patriots or Whigs? A. Those who supported the Declaration of Inde- pendence. 325. What was the second military event of the Revolu- tionary War? A. The capture of Fort Ticonderoga by Ethan Allen and the Greten Mountain Boys. 326. Who was the financier of the Revolution? A. Robert Morris. 327. When and by whom was General Prescott captured? A. July 10, 1777, by Colonel Barton. 328. Give date and result of battle of Long Island. A. Aug. 27, 1776. Britisli victory. 329. In what battle did Sergeant Jasper replace the flag staff? A. Battle of Fort Moultrie. June 28, 1776. 330. Who were our aid commissioners sent to France in 1776. A. Arthur Lee, Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane. 331. Who wsre the Hessians? A. Germans from Hesse-Cassel, who were hired by the British Government to fight the Americans. Thirty- five dollars was paid for each soldier killed, and three wounded were counted as one killed. 332. What famous retreat took place in 1776? A. Washington's retreat. 333. Give date and result of battle of Trenton. A. Dec. 26, 1776. American victory. 334. In what battle was Betty Stark the watchword? A. Battle of Bennington, August 16, 1777. 335. When were the Stars and Stripes adopted ? A. June 14, 1777. 73 336. What battle is said to be the turning point of the Revolution' A. Second battle of Saratoga, Oct. 7, 1777. 337. When did Burgoyne surrender? A. Oct. 17, 1777. 338. Where was the American army during the winter of 1777- '78? A. Valley Forge, Pa. 339. Give name, date and result of the first battle in 1777. A. Princeton, Jan. 3. American victory. 340. In the campaign of 1777 to '81, what two facts are notable? A. (a) The French became allies of the Americans. (b) The war was carried on chiefly in the North. 341. On what date did France make a Treaty of Alliance with the United States? A. Feb. 6, 1778, thereby acknowledging the independence of the United States. 342. What was the characteristic color of the English soldiers' uniforms? A. Red. The English were called Red Coats, in contra- distinction to the Americans. 343. Why was the war called Revolutionary? A. Because an entire change of government was effected by it. 344. In what battle did Washington severely rebuke the commanding general, and himself rally the troops to battle? A. Monmouth, June 28, 1778. 345 What was the Conway Cabal ? A. A conspiracy, led by an Irishman named Conway, to depose Washington and give the command of the armies to General Gates. 346. When and by whom was Stony Point captured? A. July 15, 1779, by Mad Anthony Wayne. 347. What was known as the "Ragged Regiment"? A. Francis Marion's army. 74 .348. Who in the year 1777 invaded the United States frjin Canada? A. General Biirgoyne with 8,000 English and Indian troops. 449. Where did Congress meet while the British held Philadelphia? A. At York and Lancaster. Pa. 350. Name a traitor of the Pxevolution. A Benedict Arnold. 351. What did he receive from the English? A He was to receive ^{^lO.OOO and a rank of brigadier general in the English army, but instead he got only about $30,000. 352. Who was Major Andre? A. A British officer who negotiated with Arnold for the surrendei of West Point. 353. When and where was Andre hanged? A. Oct. 2, 1780 at Tappan, N. Y. 354. Who was the most prominent naval leader of the Americans? A. Paul Jones. 355. Where was the American army during the winters of 1778-79 and 1780-81? A. At Middlebrook. N. J. At Morristown. N. J. 356. Where was the most fighting done in 1780? A. In South Carolina. 357. Give date and result of the battle of Camden. A. Aug. 16, 1780. British victory. 358. Who succeeded Gates after this battle? A. General Greene. 459. Who captured Andre? A. John Paulding, Isaac Van Wert and David Williams. 360. What event brought the Revoluionary War to a close? A. The surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown Oct. 19, 1781. 361. To whom did Cornwallis surrender? A. Washington. 75 362. Name the commissioners who signed the treaty of Paris? A. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Lawrence of America, and Messrs. Oswald and Fitz Herbert of England. 363. Give date and terms of treaty of Paris. A. September 3, 1783. England acknowledged the independence of the United States. The northern boundary was fixed at the Great Lakes and the Mississippi marked the western boundary.. Florida was ceded back to Spain. 364. What was Paul Jones's principal naval engagement? A. The capture of the Serapis off the coast of England. 365. What did the Revolutionary War cost England? A. Nearly 50,000 men and $600,000,000. 366. What did the Revolutionary War cost the United States? A. About 40,000 men and $135,000,000. 367. When was the Constitutional Convention held? A. May 14 to September 17. 1787. 368. Who more than any others brought about the Consti- tutional Convention? A. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. 369. How long did the government under tlie Articles of Confederation continue? A. From 1781 to 1789. 370. When did the United States become a nation and when did the colonies become states? A. July 4, 1776. 371. Who was the president of the Constitutional Conven- tion .' A. George Washington. 372. Who was called the "Father of the Constitution"? A. James Madison. 373. Name the first and the last state that adopted the Constituti d ^ c^ .A .^c^cS .^^ .^^ , .^ ■ *" ^ K .=ij3.H-G Si Si SiJ= S Si 42 " Si ^ J .Si -c -2 .Si 'C (b'C Qo'C^'n od'CC tn'iZ'iH (o co'u 00 oT H 0) -js aj -^s 1) H 05 o 3 w > z '0 (D g d"o 05 Q^ OJ 05 05 "^ 4-) S M-H o -a 05 X to JJ ^ --1 "^ (M (M CO ^ t^^ ,_, „ t-i ^ ,-1 w- j^ ^i^f^t^t~-^t-"co'oro'"crr-<'"^ i-T-T "S 1^ t^ l^ t- t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ I^ t^ 00 00 CO QC 00 00 ►-1 i^t^i^r^r^t^t^t^t^t^t^t^t^r^t^t^t^r^t^ 5 H exington, 1 linker Hill, 1 ort Moultrie, 1 ong Island, 1 renton, 1 rinceton, 1 ennington, 1 randy wine, 1 aratoga (1st) 1 iratoga (2d) 1 ermantown, 1 [onmouth, 1 tony Point, 1 harleston, 1 amden, 1 owpens, 1 nilford C't House 1 iitaw Springs 1 orktown, 1 _05 13 C 05 DO 05 ^ i_52;faKqHPHmP3a2cZOS(xOQOOWP« OOOiOOOOiOOOiOOOOOOiOiOiOOOiCiOOO lO lO ;0 fM Oi lO CO 1^ lO lO (M CO O JCOC005C500tivOCOOO'*'1^0IMCOC5-+icOiC_COX^— _M^ irf CO ao' TO "*~ im" x o 'S o" -jd c^f o cc' cc 'm" :c s. ctT ■^'' i - ci i^ O iM t^ •* CO O iftiO (M — I O (M to >0 ■* >0 -^ O •-C iM lO O 05 CO C3 f •* ^ C^' r-T (M' ^ i-T C^T (M" CO' -T r-T ,—' t -" .-n'" a o S -< CTJ ^■^ m 3 a. o c cu 50 c a.s o Ph 4-1 CO OJ 13 u rr l-H ^ u (U :^^ < s ts'a < "^ c, M— 1 o o CO (/5 lU • f-H -t-J a ■l-> t3 c/:) < <1) o d s ^ p d; c« a OJ t-i < u tS ^ 03 > ooooo:0':DOO(M'MOcocOh ^t^t^cor^cooi — 'COiSr-OOCO-riOO— '— i-f'-0 05--(MCOOCCOO-l — -X)00C0COCO 0000COC»t^I--COt^CCC0CO00l-COC0t^l-00COCOCOt^t^t-t^ 0) a C. and Ga. eiana Purch exico. e and Mexic nal thirteen nal thirteen ida Purchas< inal thirteei S. by Va. S. by Va. Purchase. 6 and Texas S. by Va. Purchase. oj G a c c 0000 5g 03- cj-5 a o 3 0? o^c-gccil 03 0} ^ 2 1 ^CCiS^^OeJ*- .^ 03 o a) rt j= o » Si aj 5 gaso 03 a o -, i£; ^ jj^-' 03 M i; i- S" 03 Q Kooqph 03 « - += 03 0) 03 r^ ^ 03 cSTS O tn 0) eS fTl ■^cc ^ a; S c3 e3 h- 1 CQM -2 -S o -u .'^ -% CO' 03 O 03 S3 q ^3 t, 03 O — OOWO tc jq i5't'3^^a3^c3_;^^e3>.5J^:«.cs.^o.-t3 0-^*'^c3_;>i-e3>>5ja3'^cs.-.0"-ai . . . c ca OOC:iC0300iOOOOiOiOOOOOOO o O ^rc — ■ci-iox:Oiocci-r;cio:ioJCOcocr. 1- a c3 o -< 1- O 0_(M__C-1_'C O l^^iO Tf^^i- O_t0^t^ :0 O_0D -- X_^C3 o' — >'" •^'" 1 o r^ c" . • ^ .1— • c« C •c c^ .Q cqui (Co) 0.2 ■*eo05r^OoocD>o-^ooiftcocoot.oi050C50;~ fl 9 ** M COOiOOOOiXOi'^OSOOCO'^iOCOXop^^C: — OOOOOOl-t^t^t^OOl-l^XOOQOCCCOXOOXX-^, 'bi) < «?i s 0; — 'S •S =c .2- a, «2 ~ Jo, CA) OJ rr-l " . • _< J^ Cession. y Va. itain an( hirteen. .hirteen. hirteen. y N. c. public y N. Y. rhirteeu. y Va. ranee. base. ihase. base. Country [ Treaty. Country Session. of A :ates of OJ." 13 ■| O Part of Mexican Ceded to U. S. b France, Great Bi One of original t One of original t One of original t Ceded to U. S. b Independent Re Ceded to U. S. b One of original t Portion of Va. Ceded to U. S. b From Va. and F Part of La. Pure Part of La. Pure Part of La. Pure Part of "Oregon Exploration and Part of "Oregon Part of Mexican ■^ a Sc/^ o es, Dat United H 622,933 d territ nited S £ X ¥ territorii tlie state isns of tl; f > o • m 5 a viations, Ni( and Areas s c c ! Hen State, keye State . . e of Hard C;i stone Stati". le Rhody... nptt.n Kt.ntP- . a a: e Star State, en Mountain her of Presid Handle Stat a i 0— 1 i i. a 3 of states and opulation of 1 Twelfth Ct'i z area ctal p of the