Group I. No. 231 Price 10 cents ~ &1DHMS*§^ 1907 a ATHLETIC LlbUAUk t^Hl«iZlJ jr' V3^ il^i^ HOW TO n UMPIRE f ^m l|i HOMTTO ii COACH ^Br ¥ 1 HOW TO ■ 1 CAPTAIN ■^R i HOW TO I MANAGE i m IHOWTO ' ORGANIZE A LEAGUE wM. V TECHNICAL P TERMS OF r BASE BALL/1 American Sports Publishing Co. ...' ...,««"iiii,. 21 Warren Street. New YorK #"«%jy/iiii LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, COPYRIGHT OFFICE. No registration of title of this book as a preliminary to copyright protec- tion has been found. Forwarded to Order Division^^:^---^-'-/?<^/ (J (Date) (6, i, 1906—2,000.) ^^^ Maintain their own Wholesale and Retail Stores for the Distribution of Spalding's Athletic Library and a complete line of SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS in the following cities: NEW YORK Downtown— 124-128 Nassau Street Uptown— 29-33 West 42d Street PHILADELPHIA 1013 Filbert Street BOSTON, MASS. 73 Federal Street BALTIMORE, MD. 208 East Baltimore Street WASHINGTON, D. C. 709 14th Street, N. W. (Colorado Building) PITTSBURG, PA. 439 Wood Street BUFFALO, N. Y. 611 Main Street SYRACUSE, N. Y. University Block NEW ORLEANS. LA. 140 Carondelet Street CHICAGO 147-149 Wabash Avenue ST. LOUIS, MO. 710 Pine Street CINCINNATL O. Fountain Square 27 East Fifth Street CLEVELAND, O. 741 Euclid Avenue KANSAS CITY, MO. 1111 Walnut Street MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 507 Second Avenue, South DETROIT, MICH. 254 Woodward Avenue DENVER, COL. 1616 Arapahoe Street SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. 134 Geary Street MONTREAL, CANADA, 443 St. James Street LONDON, ENGLAND, 53, 54, 55, Fetter Lane Communications directed to A. G. Spalding & Bros, at any of tbe above addresses, will receive prompt attention. =DC: Received from Copyright Office. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY \ r Spalding's Athletic Library is admitted to be the leading library series of its kind published in the world. In fact, it has no imitators, let alone equals. It occupies a field that it has created for itself. The Library was established in the year 1892, and it is an admitted fact by many authorities that Spalding's Athletic Library has accomplished a great deal in America for the advancement of amateur sport. The millions that read the Library during the year will attest to its value. A glance at its index will disclose the remarkable field that it covers. It is immaterial what the pastime may be, you will find in Spalding's Athletic Library a reference to it, either in a book devoted exclusively to that particular game or in some of the books that cover many sports. It has been the aim of the editors to make the books Official, and they are recognized as such, all the important governing bodies in America giving to the publishers of Spalding's Athletic Library the right to publish their official books and official rules. A glance at the names of the authors of the different vol- umes will convince the reader that the best men in each particular line, the men best qualified to write intelligently on each subject, are selected ; and, as a result, there is not another series in the world like Spalding's -Athletic Library series. It is immaterial what new game or form of sport be conceived or advanced, it is invariably the aim of the publishers to have a book on that sport. In that way Spalding's Athletic Library is in the field at the beginning of the sport, follows it year in and year out and there can be no doubt whatever that the present popularity of athletic sports can attribute the same to the "backing" it has received from Spalding's Athletic Library. JAMES E. SULLIVAN. SPALMINti ATHLETIC LIBMRV ]] Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletie Library J Books now in print, grouped lor ready reference No. 1 No 2 No. 2i No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No 6 No 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. <0 No. J2 SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 2a Spalding's Official Association Foot Ball Guide Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual Spalding's Official Golf Guide Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide Spalding's Official Bowling Guide Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac Base Ball Official Base Ball Group I. No. 1 Spalding': Guide. Nc. 202 How to Play Base Ball. Nc. 223 How to Bat. No. 232 How to Run Bases. No. 230 How to Pitch. No 229 How to Catch. No. 225 How to Play First Base. No. 226 How to Play Second Base. No. 227 How to Play Third Base. No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. r How to Organize a Base Ball Club. [League. I How to Organize a Base Ball How to Manage a Base Ball Club. How to Train a Base Ball Team. How to Captain a Base Ball How to Umpire a Game. [Team. " Technical Base Ball Tei-ms, No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES No. 291 Minor League Base Ball Guide.* No. 293 Official Handbook National League of Prof. B. B. Clubs.* * Ready in May. No. 231 Group IK foor Ball No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide. No. 284 How to Play Foot Ball. No. 2A Spalding's Official (Soccer) Association Foot Ball Guide. No. 286 How to Play Soccer. FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES No. 283 Spalding's Official Canadian Foot Ball Guide. No. 294 Official Intercollegiate Associa- tion Soccer Foot Ball Guide. Group III. cricket No. S Spalding's Official Cricket Cruide. * No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. Group lY. Lawn Tennis No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual. No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis. Group V. Goir No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide. No. 276 How to Play Golf. Group VI. Hockey No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey No. 154 Field Hockey. [Guide. No. 188 Lawn Hockey. No. 180 Ring Hockey. HOCKEY AUXILIARY No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario Hockey Association. Any of the Above Books Mailed Postpaid Upon Receipt of 10 Cents ^SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY //^ Group VII. Bashet Ball No. 7 Spalding's Offi cial Basket Ball Guide. No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. No. 260 Basket Ball Guide for Women. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY No. 278 Official Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. Croup VIII. Bowling No. 8 Spalding's Official Boivling Guide. Group IX. Indoor Base Ball No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide. Group X. Polo No. 10 Spalding's Offi cial Roller No. 129 Water Polo. [Polo Guide. No. 199 Equestrian Polo. Group XI. Miscellaneous Games No. 201 Lacrosse. No. 248 Archery. No. 138 Croquet. No. 271 Roque. •^T TRacquets. ^QA. "i Squash-Racquets. ^^* (Court Tennis. No. 13 Hand Ball. No. 167 Quoits. No. 170 Push Ball. No. 14 Curling. No. 207 Lawn Bowls. No. 188 Lawn Games. No. 189 Children's Games. Group XII. Alhletics No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac. No. 27 College Athletics. No. 182 All Around Athletics. No. 156 Athletes' Guide. No. 87 Athletic Primer. No. 273 Olympic Games at Athens,1906. No. 252 How to Sprint. No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. No. 174 Distance and Cross Country Running. No. 259 How to Become a Weight Thrower. No. 55 Official Sporting Rules. No. 246 Athletic Training for School- boys. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES No. 241 Amateur Athletic Union Offi- cial Handbook. No. 217 Olympic Handbook (St. Louis). No. 292 Intercollegiate Official Hand- book. ATHLETIC A UXILI ARIES -Co7i. No. 245 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. No. 281 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. No. 274 Intercollegiate Cross Country Association Handbook. Athletic Group XIII. Accompiisnments No. 177 How to Swim. No. 128 How to Row. No. 209 How to Become a Skater. No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. No. 23 Canoeing. No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. No. 296 Speed Swimming. Group XIV. Manly Sports No. 18 Fencing. (ByBreck). No. 162 Boxing. No. 165 Fencing. (BySenac). No. 140 Wrestling. No. 236 How to Wrestle. No. 102 Ground Tumbling. No. 233 Jiu Jitsu, No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs. No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- cises. No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and Dumb Bell Drills. No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games. No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- ing Drills. Group XVI. Physical culture No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men. No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- giene. No. 149 Scientific Physical T r a i n i n or and Care of the Body. No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. No. 185 Hints on Health. No. 213 285 Health Answers. No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning. No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- No. 261 Tensing Exercises. [ics. No. 285 Health by Muscular Gymnast- No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well, [nasties. Any of the Above Books Mailed Postpaid Upon Receipt of 10 Cents ^SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARYy^ Group I. Base Ball No. 1— Spaldins's Official Base Ball Guide. The leading Base Ball annual of the country, and the official authority of the game. Edited by Henry Chadwick, the iS'l/Wr "I'^ather of Base Ball.' '3(e?¥l(&. Contains the official play iiig rules, with an ex- planatory index of the rules compiled by Mr. A. G. Spalding; pictures of all the teams in the National, American and minor leagues; official averages; re- vle\^■s of the season in all the pro- fessional organizations; college Base Ball, and a great deal of interesting information. Price 10 cents. No. 202— How to Play Base Ball. Edited by T. H. Murnane. New and revised edition. Contents: How to become a good bat- ter; how to run the bases; advice to base runners. by James E. Sullivan, President A.A.U.; how to become a good pitcher; how to become a good catcher; how to play first base; how to play sec- ond base; how to play third base; how to play shortstop; how to play the infield; how to play the out- field; the earmarks of a ball player, by John J. McGraw; good advice for players; how to organize a team; how to manage a team; how to score a game; how to umpire a game; base ball rules interpreted for boys. Price 10 cents. No. 223— How to Bat. The most important part of ball playing now- adays, outside of pitch- ing, is batting. The team that can bat and has some good pitchers can win base ball games; therefore, every boy and young man who has. of course, already learned to catch, should turn his attention to this department of the game, and there is no better way of becoming proficient than by reading this book and then constantly practising the little tricks explained. Price 10 cts. No. 232— How to Rum tlie Bases. The importance of has running as a scientific I feature of the national game is becoming more and more recognized each] year. Besides being spec- tacular, feats of base I stealing nearly always figure in the winning of a game. Many a close contest is decided on the winning of that little strip of 90 feet which lies between cushions. When hits are few and the enemy's pitchers steady, it becomes Incumbent on the oppos- ing team to get around the bases in some manner. Effective stealing not only increases the effectiveness of the team by advancing its runners without wasting hits, but it serves to materially disconcert the enemy and frequently has caused an entire opposing club to temporarily lose its poise and throw away the game. This book gives clear and concise di- rections for excelling as a base run- ner; tells when to run and when not to do so; how and when to slide; team work on the bases; in fact, every point of the game is thor- oughly explained. Illustrated with pictures of leading players. Price 10 cents. No. 230— How to Pitcli. A new, up-to-date book. The object of this book is to aid the beginners who aspire to become clever twirlers, and its contents are the practi- cal teaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and- who know how to impart a knowl- edge of their art. All the big leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 cents. No. 229— How to Catch. Undoubtedly the best book on catching thatf has yet been published. Every boy who has hopes I of being a cle'ver catcher | should read how well- known players cover their I position. Among t h e| more noted ones who de- scribe their methods of' play in this book are Lou Criger of the Boston Americans and Johnnie Kling of the Chicago Nationals. The numerous pictures comprise all the noted catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents. ^SPALDING ATHLETIC LfflRARY/^ IVo. 225— How to Play First Base, No other position in a ball team has shown such a change for the better in recent years as first base. Modifications in line with the better- ment of the sport in every department have been made at intervals, but in no other depart- ment have they been so radical. No boy who plays the initial sack can afford to overlook the points and hints contained in this book. En- tirely new and up to date. Illus- trated with full-page pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price 10 cents. No. 226— How to Play Second Base. There are so few men who can cover second base to perfection that their names can easily be called off by anyone who follows the game of base ball. Team owners who possess such players would not part with them for thousands of dollars. These men have been inter- viewed and their ideas incorporated in this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine points of play at this point of the diamond. Illustrated with full-page pictures. Price 10 cents. No. 227— How to Play Third Base. Third base is, in some respects, the most impor tant of the infield. No major league team has ever won a pennant with- out u great third base man. Collins of the Bos ton Americans and Leach of Pittsburg are two of the greatest third ba men the game has ever seen, and their teams owe much of the credit fot pennants they have won to them. These men in this book de- scribe just how they play the posi- tion. Everything a player should know is clearly set forth and any boy will surely increase his chances of success by a careful reading of this book. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. Xo. 22S— How to Play Short- Shortstop is one of the hardest positions on the infield to fill, and quick thought and quick action are necessary for a play- er who expects to make good as a shortstop. The views of every well- known player who cov- ers this position have been sought in compiling this book, Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 224— How to Play the Outfield. Compiled especially for the young player who would become an expert. The best book on play- ing the outfield that has ever been published. There are just as many tricks to be learned, be- fore a player can be a competent fielder, a s there are in any other position on a nine, and this book explains them all. Price 10 cents. No. 231— How to Coaeh; How to Captain a Team; How to Manage a Team; How to Umpire; How to Or- g-anize a L-eaftiie; Tech- nical Terms of Base Ball. A useful guide to all who are interested in the above subjects. Jimmy Collins writes on coach- ing; M. J. Kelly on cap- taining; Al Buckenberger on managing; Frank Dwyor of the American League staff on umpir- ing; Fred Lake on minor leagues, and the editor. T. H. Mur- nane. President of the New England League, on how to organize a league. The chapters on Technical Terms of Base Ball have been written by Henry Chadwick, the "Father of Base Ball." and define the meaning of all the terms peculiar to the Na- tional Game. Price 10 cents. No. 210— Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. To supply a demand for a book which would ^ show the pijrcentage ot clubs without recourse to the arduous work of fij;' uring, the publishers have had these tables compiled by an expert. Price 10 cents. «^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY /r" BASK BALL AUXILIARIES. No. 291— Minor Leag^ne Base Ball Guide. The minors' own guide. Contains pictures o f leading teams, schedules, report of annual meeting National Association of Professional Base Ball Leagues, special articles and ofHcial rules. Edited by President T. H. Mur- nane, of the New England League. Price 10 cents. (Ready May 1.) No. 293— Official Handbook of the National League of Professional Base Ball ^^"**^' Contains the Constitu- tion, By-Laws, Official Rules, Averages, and schedule of the Na- tional League for the current year, together with list of club offi- cers and reports of the annual meetings of the League. Every follower of the game should have a copy of this book if he wants to keep his file of Base Ball books complete. Price 10 cents. Group II. Foot Ball No. 2— Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide. Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new rules, with diagram of field; All-America teams as selected by the lead- ing authorities; reviews of the game from vari- ous sections of the coun- try; 1905 scores of all the leading teams; pic- tures of hundreds of players. Price 10 cents. No. 284— How to Play Foot Ball. Edited by Walter Camp. The contents em brace everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad to I learn. The pictures are made from snapshots of leading teams and play ' ers In action, with com ments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. No. 2A— Spalding's Official Association Soccer Foot Ball Guide. A complete and up-to- date guide to the "Soccer" game in the United States, containing Instructions for playing the game, official rules, and interesting news from all parts of the country. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 286— How to Play Soc- cer. Owing to the gr^at interest shown in "Soc- cer" foot ball in Amer- ica, the publishers have had a book compiled in England, the home of the sport, telling how each position should be played, written by the best play- er in England in his re- spective position, and illustrated with full-page photographs of play- ers in action. As a text-book of the game this work is invaluable, and no "Soccer" player can afforfl to be without it. Price 10 cents. FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. No. 283— Spalding's Canadian Foot Guide. Edited by Frank D. Woodworth, Secretary- Treasurer Ontario Rugby Foot Ball Union. The official book of the game in Canada. Price 10 cents. No. 294— Official Intercolle- giate Association Soccer Foot Ball Guide. Contains the constitu- tion and by-laws of the Association, pictures of the teams, and official playing rules. Price 10 cents. ^SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY //^ Group III. Cricket No. 3— Spaldingr's Official Cricket Guide. Edited by Jerome Flau- neiy. The most com- plete year book of the game that has ever been published in America. Reports of special matches. official rules and pictures of all the leading teams. Price 10 cents. No. 277— Cricket; and How to Play it. By Prince Ranjitsinhji. Every department of the game is described concisely and illustrated with full-page pictures posed especially for this book. The best book of instruction on the game ever published. Price 10 cents. Group IV. Lawn Tennis No. 4— Spaldingr's Official liawn Tennis Annual. Edited by H. P. Bur- chell, of the New York Times. Contents include a report of every impor- tant tournament played in 1906, embracing the National Championship, sectional and State tour- naments; invitation and open tournaments; inter- collegiate and interscholastic cham- pionships; women's national cham- pionships; foreign championships; in- door championships; official ranking for each year from 1885 to 1906; laws of lawn tennis; instructions for handicapping; decisions on doubtful points; regulations for the manage- ment of tournaments; directory of clubs; directions for laying out and keeping a court; tournament notes. Illustrated with pictures of leading players. Price 10 cents. No. 157 — Ho-«v to Play Lawn Tennis. A complete description of lawn tennis; a lesson for beginners and direc- tions telling how to make the most impor- tant strokes. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. Golf Official No. 279— Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis. By P. A. Vaile. a leading authority on the game in Great Britain. Every stroke in the game is accurately illus- trated and analyzed by the author. As a means of affording a compari- son between the Amer- ican and the English methods of play, this book is ex- tremely useful. Price 10 cents. Group V. No. 5— Spaldingr's Golf Guide. The leading annual of the game in the United States. Contains rec- ords of all important tournaments, articles on the game in various sec- tions of the country, pictures of prominent players, official playing rules and general items of interest. Price 10 cts. No. 376— How to Play Golf. By James Braid, the English Open Champion of 19U6. A glance at the chapter headings will give an idea of the variety and value of the ton tents: Beginners' wrong ideas; method of tuition; choosing - the clubs; how to grip the club; stance and address in driving; the upward swing in driving, etc. ; Numerous full-page pictures of Cham- pion Braid in action add to the book's attractiveness. Price 10 cts. Group VI. Hockey No. 6— Spaldinsr's Official Ice Hockey Guide. Written by the most famous player in Can- ada, A. Farrell, of the | Shamrock hockey team of Montreal. It contains! a complete description of hockey, its origin, points of a good player, and an instructive .ir- ticle on how game is played, -with diagrams and official rules. Illustrated with pictures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. '^SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY /7^ No. 154— Field Hockey. To those in need of vigorous and healthful out-of-doors exer else, this game Is recom- mended highly. Its healthful attributes are manifold and the inter- est of player and spec- tator alike is kept ac- tive through out the progress of the game. The game is prominent in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr and other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. No. 18S — Lawn Hockey, Garden Hockey, Parlor Hockey. Containing the rules for each game. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 180— Ring Hockey. A new game for the gymnasium, invented by Dr J. M. Vorhees of Pratt Institute, Brook lyn, that has sprung into instant popularity; as exciting as basket ball. This book contains official rules. Price 10 cents. HOCKEY AUXILIARY. No. i:5«— Olficial Handbook of tlie Ontario Hockey Association. Edited by W. A. Hew- itt, of Toronto. Con- tains the official rules of the Association, con- stitution, rules of com- petition, list of officers, and pictures of leading players. Price 10 cents. Group VII. Basket Ball No. 7— Spaldinjy's Official Rasket Rail Guide. Edited by George T. Hepliron. Contains the revised official rules, de cisions on disputed points, records of promi- nent teams, reports on the game from various parts of the country and pictures of hundreds of players. Price 10 cents. No. 193— How to Play Rasket Rail. By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide. Con- aius full instructions for players, both for the expert and the novice, duties of officials, and specially posed full-page pictures showing the cor- ct and incorrect meth- ods of playing. The demand for a book of this character Is fully satis- fled in this publication, as many points are included which could not )e incorporated in the annual publi- cation of the Basket Ball Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents. No. 260- Official Rasket Hall Guide for Women. Edited by Miss Senda Eereuson, of Smith Col- lege. Contains the of- licial playing rules of the game and special ar- ticles on the following subjects: Games for women, by E. Hitchcock, Director of Physical Training, and Dean of College, Amherst College; condition of women's basket ball in the Mid- dle West, by W. P. Bowen, Michigan State Normal College; psychological effects of basket ball for women, by Dr. L. H. Gulick; physiological ef- fects of basket ball, by Theodore Hough, Ph. D. ; significance of basket ball for women, by Senda Berenson; relative merit of the Y. M. C. A. rules and women's rules, by Augusta Lane Patrick; A Plea for Basket Ball, by Julie Ellsbee Sullivan, Teachers' College, New York; dia- gram of field. Illustrated with many pictures of basket ball teams. Price 10 cents. RASKET RALL. AUXILIARY. No. 278- Collegiate Rasket Rail Guide. The official publication i of the new Collegiate Basket Ball Associa- tion. Contains the of- ficial rules, collegiate and high school records, .\11 America selections, reviews of the collegiate basket ball season of 1905-6, and pictures of all the prominent college teams and individual players. Edited by H. A. Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cts. ■^SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/7=' Group Vni. Bowling No. 8— Simlding's Official Bowliug- Guide. Edited by S. Karpf, Secretary of the Amer- ican Bowling Congress. The contents include: History of the sport; diagrams of effective de- liveries; how to bowl; a few hints to beginners: American Bowling Con- gress; the national championships; how to build an al- ley; how to score; spares— how they are made. Rules for cocked hat, cocked hat and feather, quintet, bat- tle game, nine up and nine down, head pin and four back, ten pins — head pin out, five back, the Newport game, ten pin head. Price 10 cents. _ ___ Indoor Group IX. Base Ball No. 9— Spalding's Official In- door Base Ball Guide. America's nat i o n a 1 game is now vieing with other indoor games as a winter pastime. This book contains the play- ing rules, pictures of leading teams from all parts of the country, and interesting articles on the game by leading authorities on the subject cents. Price 10 Group X. Polo No. 10— Spaldinsr's Official Roller Polo Guide. Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game; official rules, rec ords. Price 10 cents. No. 129— Water Polo. The contents of this book treat of every de- tail, the individual work |v/ATER.Poi^] of the players, the prac- tice of the team, how to throw the ball, with| Illustrations and many valuable hints. Price] 10 cents. No. 199— Equestrian Polo. Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the New York Sun. Illustrated v.ith portraits of lead- ing players and contains most useful information for polo players. Price 10 cents. _ ^^ Miscellane- Group XL ous Games No. 201 — Lacrosse. By William C. , Scbmeisser. c i\j p t a i n Johns Hopkins Univer- sity champion intercol- legiate lacrosse team of 1902; edited by Ronald T. Abercrombie, ex-cap- tain and coach of Johns) Hopkins University la- crosse team, 1900-19U4. Every position is thoroughly ex- Iilained in a most simple and concise manner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illus- trated with numer(}us snapshots of important plays. Price 10 cents. No. 24S— Archery. A new and up-to-date book on this fascinating pastime. Edited by Mr. Louis Maxson of Wash- ington, D. C. ex-Na- tional champion. Con- tains a history of arch- ery from its revival as a pastime in the eighteenth century to the present time, with list of winners and scores of the English Grand championships from 1844; National Archery Associa- tion of the United States winners and scores; the several varieties of archery; instructions for shooting; how to select implem— Official Y.M.C.A. Handbook:. Edited by G. T. Hep- Lrou, the well-known athletic authority. It contains the official rules governing all sports un- der the jurisdiction of the I'.M.C.A., a com- plete report of the physical directors' con- ference, official Y.M.C.A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, many pictures of the leading Y.M.C.A. athletes of the countr.v; official Y.M. C.A. athletic rules, constitution and by-laws of the Athletic League of Y.M.C.A., all-around indoor test, vol- ley ball rules; illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 3S1— Official Handbook of the Public Schools Athletic League. This is the official handbook of the I'ublic Schools Athletic League, which embraces all the public schools of Greater New York. It contains the official rules that govern all the contests of the league, and con- stitution, by-laws and officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Hal- sey Gulick, superintendent of phy- sical education in the New York public schools. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 27-4 — Intercol- legiate Cross Country Hand- book. Contains constitution and by-laws, list of of- ficers, and records of the association. Price 10 cents. Group Xin. Athletic Accomplishments No. 177— HoTF to Sivini. By J. H. Sterrett, a leading American swim- ming authority. The in- structions will interest the expert as well as the novice; the illustrationa were made from photo- giaphs especially posed, showing the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the series of "land drill" exercises for the beginner, which is illustrated by many drawings. The contents comprise: A plea for educa- tion in swimming; swimming as an exercise and for development; laud drill exercises; plain swimming; best methods of learning; the breast stroke, etc etc Price 10 cents. No. atXJ — Speed S^-ininiing. B.v Champion C. M. Daniels of the New York Athletic Club team, holder of numerous American records, and the best swimmer in America qualified to write on the subject. Any boy should be able to increase his speed in the water after reading Champion Daniels' instructions on the subject. Price 10 cents. No, 128- How to Row. By E. J. Giannini, of the New York A. C, tue of America's most 1 anions amateur oars- men and champi o n s. This book will instruct any one who is a lover of rowing how to be- come an expert. It ia fully illustrated, show- ing how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other information that will prove valuable to the be- ginner. Price 10 cents. No. 23— Canoeing. Paddling. sailing, cruising and racing ca- noes and their uses; with hints on rig and management; the choice of a canoe; sailing ca- noes: racing regula- tions; canoe i n g and camping. Fully illus- trated. Price 10 cents. == ^SPALDING ATHLETIC LmRARY /T^ No. 309— -How to Become a Skater. Contains advice for be- ginners; how to become a figure skater thorough- ly explained, with many diagrams showing how to do all the different tricks of the best figure skaters. Illustrated with pictures of prominent skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. No. 282- Official Roller Skating Giiitle. Contains directions for becoming proticient as a fancy and trick roller skater, and I'ules for roller skating. Pictures of prominent trick skat- ers in action. Price 10 cents. No. 178— How to Train, for Bicycling. Gives methods of the best riders when train- ing for long or short distance races; hints on training. Revised and up-to-date in every particular. Price 10 cents. Group XIV. Manly Sports No. 140— Wrestling Catch as catch can style. By E. H. Hitch- cock, M.D., of Cornell, and R. F. Nelligan, of Amherst College. The Look contains n e a r 1 y seventy illustrations of the different holds, pho- tographed especially and so described that any- body who desires to become expert in M'restling can with little effort learn every one. Price 10 cents. No. 18— Fencing. By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, editor of the Swordsman, and a promi- nent amateur fencer. A book that has stood the test of time, and is uni- versally acknowledged to be a standard work. II- Price 10 cents. M lustrated. No. 162— Boxing Gnide. For many years books have been issued on the art of boxing, but it has remained for us to arrange a book that we think is sure to fill all demands. It contains over 70 pages of illus- trations showing all the latest blows, posed es- pecially for this book under the supervision of a well-known instruc- tor of boxing. Avho makes a specialty of teaching and knows how to Im- part his knowledge. Price 10 cents. No. 165— The Art of Fencing. This is a new book by Regis and Louis Senac, of New York, famous instructors and leading authorities on the sub- ject. Messrs. Senac give in detail how every move should be made, and tell it so clearly that anyone can follow the instructions. Price 10 cents. No. 336— How to Wrestle. Without question the most complete and up- to-date book on wrest- ling that has ever been printed. Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted principally to special poses and illustrations by George H a c k e n- schmidt, the "Russian Lion." Price 10 cents. No. 102— Gronnd Tumbling. By Prof. Henry Walter Worth, who was for years physical director of the Armour Institute of Technology. A n y boy, by reading this book and following the instructions, can become proficient. Price 10 cents, i\o. 289— Tumbling for Ama- teurs, rpjjjg y^^^y. ^.^^ special- ly compiled for the use of amateurs by Dr. James T. Gwathmey, director of the Vander- bilt University Gymnas- ium. Nashville, Tenn. Every variety of the pas- time is explained by text and pictures, the latter forming a very important fea- ture of the book, over 100 different positions being shown. Price 10 cts. ■^SPALDING ATHLETIC UBKAKY/y No. 191— How to Punch tlie Bas\^ Bv W. II. Rothwell ("Young Corbett"). This book is undoubtedly the best treatise ou bag punching that has ever been printed. Every va- riety of blow used in training is shown and explained. The pictures c o m p rise thirty-three full page reproductions of Young Corbett as he appears while at work in his training quarters. The photo- graphs, were taken by our special ar- tist and cannot be seen in any other publication. Fancy bag punching is treated by a well-known theatrical bag puncher, who shows the latest tricks. Price 10 cents. No. 143— Indian Clnbs and Dnmb-Bells. Two of the most pop- ular forms of home or gymnasium exe r c i s e. This book is written by A m e r i ca's amateur champion club swinger. J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No. 166— HoTV to STt^ingr In- dian Clnbs. By Prof. E. B. War- man, the well-known ex- ponent of physical cul- ture. By following the directions carefully any- one can become an ex- pert. Price 10 cents. No. 200— Dnmb-Bells. This is undoubtedly the best work on dumb- bells that has ever been offered. The author, Mr. G. Bojus. was for- merly superintendent of phvsical culture in the Elizabeth (N. J.) public schools, instructor at Columbia University (New York), instructor for four years at the Columbia summer school and is now proprietor of the Park Place Gymnasium, at 14 Park Place, New York City. The book contains 200 photographs of all the various exer- cises with the instructions in large, readable type. It should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, and is invaluable for home exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 202- Medicine Ball Ex- ercises. This book is not a technical treatise, but a series of plain and prac- tical exercises with the medicine ball, suitable for boys and girls, busi- ness and professional men, in and out of gym- nasium. Lengthy ex- planation and technical nomenclature have been avoided and illustrations used instead. The exer- cises are fascinating and attractive, and avoid any semblance of drud- gery. Edited by W. J. Cromie, phvsical director Germantown (Pa.) Y.M.C.A. Price 10 cents. No. 29— Pulley Weight Exer- cises. By Dr. Henry S. An- derson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium, Ander son Normal School, Chautau- qua University. In con- junction with a chest machine anyone with tliis book can become fectly developed Price 10 cents. No. 233— Jiu Jitsu. A complete description of this famous Japanese system of self-defence. Each move thoroughly explained and illustrat- ed with numerous full- page pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. Ko- jama, two of the most fiimous exponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed espe- cially for this book. Be sure and ask for the Spalding Athletic Library book on Jiu Jitsu. Price 10 cents. Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104— The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises. By G. M. Martin, I Phvsical Director of the Y.*M. C. A. of Youngs- town. Ohio. It is a book that should be in the hands of every phy- sical director of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, college, etc. Price 10 cents. g^ ^SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/T ^ No. 214— Graded Calisthen- ics and Dunib-Bell Drills. By Albert B. Weg- ener, Physical Director Y. M. C. A., Rochester, N. Y. Ever since graded apparatus work has ■en used in gymnas- tics, the necessity of liaving a mass drill that would harmonize with it has >)e('n felt. For years it has been the established custom in most gymnasiums of memorizing a set drill, never varied from one year's end to the other. Conse- quently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the older member. With a view to giving uni- formity the present treatise is at- tempted. Price 10 cents. No. 254 — Barnjuni Bar Bell Drill. Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, Director Phy- sical Training, Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. Profusely illustr a t e d. Price 10 cents. No. 158 — Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Gaines. Without question one of the best books of its kind ever published. Compiled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well-known Y. M. C. A. physical di- rector. It is a book that will prove valuable to indoor and outdoor g y m na slums. schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be amused. The games described comprise a list of 120, divided into several groups. Price 10 cents. No. 124— How to Become a Gymnast. By Robert Stoll, of the New York A. C, the American champion on the flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy who frequents a gym- nasium can easily fol- low the illustrations and instructions in this book and with a little prac- tice become proficient on the hori- zontal and parallel bars, the trapeze or the "horse." Price 10 cents. No. 287- Fancy Dumb Bell and Marcliing Drills. By W. J. Cromie, Physical Director Ger- mautown (Pa.) Y.M. C.A. The author says: All concede that games and recreative exercises during the adolescent period are preferable to set drills and monoton- ous movements. If we can introduce this game-and-play element in our gymnastic exercises, then dumb bells will cease to be the boy's nightmare, and he will look forward with expectancy to mass work as much as he formerly did to "shooting a goal." These drills, while designed primarily for boys, can be used successfully with girls and men and women. Profusely il- lustrated. Price 10 cents. Group XVL Physical Culture No. 101— Ten Minutes' Exer- cise for Busy Men. By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Director of Phy- sical Training in the New Y'ork public schools. Anyone who is looking for a concise and com- ■lete course of physical education at home would do well to iirocure a copy of this book. Ten minutes' work as directed in exercise anyone can follow. It already has had a large sale and has been highly recommended by all who have fol- lowed its instructions. Price 10 cts. No. 20S— Physical Education and Hygiene. This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185, 213, 261, 290). A glance at the contents will show the variety of subjects: Chap- ter I— Basic principles; longevity. Chapter II — Hints on eating; food values; the uses of salt. Chapter III — Medicinal value of certain foods. Chapter IV^ The efficacy of sugar; sugar, food for muscular work; eating for strength and endurance; fish as brain food; food for the children. Chapter V — Digesitibility; bread; ap- pendicitis due to flour, etc., etc. Price 10 centsi. ^r \ SPALDING ATHLETIC LmRARY/ T^ No. 149— The Care of the Body. HgffgjgSl A book that all who y^^MHy value health should read ^Ki and follow its iustruc- m/4 -tlons. By Prof. E. B. ■••jl W a r m a n, the well- B!| known lecturer and au- KU thority on physical cul- ture. Price 10 cents. No. 143— Physical Training Simplified. By Prof. E. B. War- man, the well-known physical culture expert. Is a complete, thorough and practical book where the whole man is con- sidered — brain and body. Price 10 cents. No. 185— Health Hints. ByPnif. E.|B. Warman. the well-known lecturer and authority on physi- cal culture. Prof. War- man treats very inter- estingly of health lu- tliienced by insulation ; health influenced by un- derwear; health influenced by color; exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 213— 285 Health Answers. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents: Necessity for exercise in the sum- mer; three rules for bi- cycling; when going up- hill; sitting out on sum- mer nights; ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a house; how to obtain lure air; bathing; salt v.ater baths at home; a sub.stitute for ice water; to cure in somnia; etc, etc, Price 10 cents. No. 'jiaS — Muscle Building;. By Dr. L. H. Gulick, Director of Physi c a 1 Triiining in the New York public schools. A complete treatise on the correct method of ac- quiring strength. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 234— School Tactics and Maze Running-. A series of drills for the use of schools. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Director of Physical Training in the New York public schools. Price 10 cents. No. 261— Tensing EDxercises. By Prof. E. B. War- man, and uniform with his other publications on Scientific Physical Train- ing (see Spalding's Ath- letic Libravv Nos. 142, 149. 166, 185, 208, 213, 290). The "Tensing" or "Resisting" system of muscular exercises is the most thorough, the most complete, the most satisfactory, and the most fascinating of systems. Price 10 cts. No. 285— Health; hy Muscia- lar Ciryninastics. With hints on Right Living. By W. J. Cromie, Physical Direc- tor Germantown (Pa.) Y.M.C.A. The author says: "Seeing the great need for exercise among the masses and knowing that most books on the subject are too expen- sive or too diflicult to comprehend, the author felt it his privilege to write one which is simple and the price of which is within the reach of all. If one will practise the exercises and observe the hints there- in contained, he will be amply re- paid for so doing." Price 10 cents. No. 288— Indigestion Treated by Gymnastics By W. J. Cromie. Physical Director Ger- mantown (Pa.) Y.M. C.A. This book deals with the causes, symp- toms and treatment of constipation and indi- gestion. It embraces diet, water cure, mental culture, massage and photographic illustrations of exer- cises which tend to cure the above diseases. If the hints therein con- tained are observed and the exercises faithfully performed, most forms of the above diseases will be helped. Price 10 cents. No. 290— Get Well; Keep Well. This is a series of chapters by Prof. E. B. Warman, the author of a number of books in the Spalding Athletic Library on physical train- ing. The subjects are all written in a clear and convincing style. Price 10 cents. A. G. SPALDING. <^ ^ Spalding's Athletic Library Group I., No. 231 How to Umpire How to Captain a Team How to Manage a Team How to Coach How to Organize a League How to Score Simplified Base Ball Rules ZIP ^ and C c Technical Terms of Base Ball NEW YORK American Sports Publishing Company 21 warren street & 4) Copyright, 1907 BY American Sports Publishing Compani^ New York I PREFACE if In the last few years base ball has developed in a most re- markable manner, and while the public keep well posted on the doings of the players they know very little about the manage- ment of the sport. With leagues growing up in every quarter of this country and new men coming into the profession, the demand for expert information has increased, until this booklet should be welcome. T. H. MURNANE, The editor of this book, was a famous old-time ball player, and is now one of the leading authorities on the game ; is sporting editor of the Bcslon "Globe," President of the New England League, and inen)ber of the Board of Arbitration of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Leagues. Spalding's Athletic Library, ORGANIZING BASE BALL LEAGUES By T. H. MURNANE, President New England League. Professional base ball is divided into major and minor leagues. The two major organizations are the American League and the National League, while the minor leagues are classified into four divisions, AA, A, B and C. At least 1,000,000 people must reside in the cities in a league for it to come under Class A of the minor leagues. Therefore, in forming a league, it is necessary to ascertain the population of the cities intended for the circuit. Each league has a salary limit for its players and its teams, and these are based entirely on the population. The rules regarding salary limits should be strictly enforced. Eight cities are the ideal number for a league circuit. Cities should be paired ofif where games can be exchanged on holidays when possible. This is almost necessary in all leagues below Class A. In these leagues where conditions must be otherwise, prospects for prosperous existences are anything but bright. The Class AA leagues, such as the Eastern League and the American Association, cover nearly as much ground as the major leagues, and must, therefore, make out schedules similar to those adopted in the major leagues. Where the country is as thickly populated as in New Eng- land, leagues often are formed where the traveling expenses arc light and the interest kept up by cutting up the schedules so that a team is at home a part of each week. Many small lea7 hit, and next to that his effort is to hit the ball so that, if it fails to earn a base, it will oblige the fielder to throw the striker out at first base, and thereby enable the runner on first to reach second base safely, this constituting a '"sacrifice" hit. Bases on Balks. — Whenever the umpire calls a "balk," every occupant of a base — except the batsman — is entitled to take a base without being put out, whether the runner be forced off or not. A Base on Batsman Hit by Pitched Ball—Under the new rules of 1906, the batsman is entitled to take a base whenever he is hit by a pitched ball, provided that he has previously tried his best to avoid being so hit. It matters not where the ball hits him, or if it only touches his cloth- ing. Batsman a Base Runner. — The batsman becomes a base runner under the following circumstances : i. The mo- ment he hits a ball to fair ground. 2. Directly after the umpire calls "third strike." 3. Also when the umpire calls "four balls." 4. When his person is hit by a pitched ball, provided he strives his utmost to avoid being so hit. A Bounder. — This term applies to a ball sent from the bat to the field on the bound ; also, to a ball thrown on the bound by a fielder to a base player, in which latter case it is a wild throw and an error. Bunting the Ball. — A "bunt" hit is made when the bats- man simply holds the bat up to meet the thrown ball, thereby allowing the ball to rebound from the bat to the ground. The new rule (47) thus describes a bunted ball : A "bunt" hit is a legally batted ball, not swung at, but met with the bat and tapped slo^dy within the infield by the batsman. If the attempt to bunt result in a foul not legally caught, a strike shall be called by the umpire. This definition is not correct, as a "bunt" hit is not a hit from a stroke at the ball, but simply a rebound from a bat held up to be struck by the ball. Chances for Catches. — No skilful batsman gives a possi- ble chance for a catch if he can avoid it. It is a sure sign of weak batting to give chances for catches, but it is char- acteristic of the class of batsmen who go in for home runs instead of "place" hitting, the latter of which is the acme of skilful batting. 38 Spalding'' s Athletic Library. Clean Hits. — A clean hit is made when there is no possi- ble chance offered the fielders either for a catch or a pick-up, A Clean Home Run. — This long hit is made only when the ball is hit so far to deep outfield as to prevent its being fielded to the infield before the runner reaches the home base. It is the only legitimate home run made. Confidence in Hitting. — No batsman can achieve success in his position who lacks confidence in facing the opposing pitcher. Confidence is half the battle in a contest. If he goes in to the bat feeling doubtful of his ability to punish the pitching, or is likely to be intimidated by the mere speed of the delivery he faces, he will fhil in his batting nine times out of ten. A Daisy Cutter. — This term is applied to a ball hit along the ground without bounding, cutting the grass, as it were, as it proceeds. It is a telling hit. Earned Runs. — There are two classes of earned runs in •Base Ball, viz., those cleanly earned by base hits — these being the earned runs which should be recognized by the new rules — and the runs earned jointly by base hits and stolen bases. It is the former only which affords a crite- rion of the excellence of the pitching, the better the pitch- ing the fewer the earned runs. ^ A Fair Hit Ball.— Rule 44 thus defines a fair hit ball : "A Fair Hit is a legally batted ball that settles on fair ground between home and first base or between home and third base or that is on fair ground when bounding to the outfield past first or third base or that first falls on fair territory beyond first or third base or that touches the per- son of the umpire or a player while on fair ground." Facing for Position.— This is one of the most important movements rnade by the batsman preliminary to his strik- ing at the ball. As the batsman faces for position so will he be likely to hit the ball in the direction of that part of the field he faces for. If he stands so as to face the first base, the natural forward swing of the bat will send the ball in that direction. On the other hand, if he faces the shortstop, the ball will go towards left field. Facing for Spalding's Athletic Library. 39 position is the preliminary step to making a "place" hit, and place hitting is scientific batting. Failing, to Take Position. — Every batsman should re- member the order of batting, and be in readiness, bat in hand, to take his position at the bat when called upon by the umpire, prior to which he must be seated on the bench. Should he forget the order and allow a succeeding bats- man to take his place, and the error be not discovered before a ball has been struck at, the batsman who failed to bat in his turn is out. A Foul Hit Ball.— Rule 45 thus defines a foul hit ball: "A foul hit is a legally batted ball that settles on foul terri- tory between home and first base or home and third base, or that bounds past first or third base on foul territory or that falls on foul territory beyond first or third base or touches the person of the umpire or a player while on foul ground. Rule 46 states that a "foul tip" is a ball batted by the batsman while standing within the lines of his position, that goes sharp and direct from the bat to the catcher's hands and is legally caught. A Foul Strike. — Thi-s strike is made whenever the bats- man strikes at the ball while he is standing outside the lines of his position, if only with one foot. But there is a "foul strike" included in the list of "called strikes" which is of exceptional character, and it will be found in Rule 49, section 3, as follows : "Sec. 3. A foul hit ball not caught on the fly unless the batsman has two strikes." This is the special rule in the code which in its practical application gives such a great advantage to the pitcher, and which has been found to be such a handicap for the batsman and base runner. It is a section of the rules which the Committee on Rules of the British Base Ball Associ- ation should strike out of the code. A Force Hit. — A "force hit" is made when the batted ball is sent to the field in such a way as to enable a fielder to put the runner out, who is forced to leave the base he occupied at the time the ball was hit, and who, by the hit of the batsman, has been obliged to vacate his base. It is possible to make a triple play on three force outs when a fair hit is made while 'dl three of the bases are occupied. 40 Spalding s Athletic Library. f lingo rnts. — The weakest batting is shown when the batsman indulges in "fungo" hitting, or hitting the ball in the air to the outfield and giving easy chances for catches. "Fungo" hitting, too, is done when the batsman takes a ball in hand, and tossing it up, hits it to the outfield as it falls. It is the worst kind of batting practice on that ac- count, as it is the reverse of hitting at a ball thrown to the bat horizontally. Homer. — This is the term applied to a "home run" hit. It is the most costly hit made, as it involves the fatigue of running 120 yards at the utmost speed, a severe test of strength and wind. A High Ball. — Balls hit high -in the air almost invariably 5'ield easy chances for catches, and, therefore, are samples of weak batting. A "high ball," too, is one pitched above the batsman's shoulder. Hit and Run. — (See technical terms applicable to base running.) A Hot Ball. — A ball is said to be a "hot one" which is hit to a fielder, either on the fly or on the bound, so swiftly that it is next to impossible to hold it. In all such cases a "base hit" should be credited to the batsman. Long High Balls. — High balls hit to long field invariably yield chances for catches, and all such hits show weak bat- ting, while long low liners yield base hits and earn bases. A Lozv Ball. — This is a ball sent to the bat below the line of the batsman's knee, and every such ball must be called a "ball." One, Tivo, Three Out. — This term applies to the retire- ment of three batsmen in the order of their going to the bat. It is sometimes done on three or four pitched balls. Out of Form. — A batsman is said to be "out of form" for hitting, when, after waiting impatiently for a good ball within fair reach, he temporarily fails to be ready to hit a good ball when it comes in over the plate and within legal range. In such a case he becomes an easy victim for a strategic pitcher. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 41 Order of Batting. — Before a game begins the order of the players of each side going to the bat is written down in the score book of the official scorer of the home club, and also .printed or written on the score card, and it includes the names of the nine players of each side, who are to go to the bat in the order named. The order is thus named in Rule 39. as follows : "The batting order of each team must be delivered before the game by its captain to the umpire, who shall submit it to the inspection of the captain of the other side. The batting order delivered to the imipire must be followed throughout the game unless a player be substituted for another, in which case the substitute must take the place in the batting order of the retired player." The above batting order must be follow^ed, except in the case of a substitute player, in which case the substitute must take the place of the original player in the batting order. After the first inning, the first striker in each inning shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the last man who had completed his turn — time at bat — in the pre- ceding inning. The order of batting cannot be changed after the umpire has called "pla3^" If a batsman is injured, so as to necessi- tate his retirement from play, or if he be ordered out of the game by the umpire, and he is replaced by a substitute player, his successor in the game must bat in his order. Placing a Ball. — This is one of the most difficult things a batsman has to do. Any mere novice at the bat can make a chance hit, but to hit the ball so as to send it to any desired part of the field — in other words, to "place the ball," — 'is the most skilful hit a batsman can make, as it requires keen sight, coolness and nerve in judging the swiftly-thrown ball, together with lots of practice, to excel in place hitting. It can be done, however, and against good pitching, too : but no mere chance hitter can do it. A batsman who cannot place a ball is nothing but a mere machine batsman, and knows nothing of scientific batting or of team work at the bat. Popping One Up. — There is a great difference between "a popped-up fly ball" from the bat, which affords an easy chance for a catch, and a ball hit in the air by a tap from the bat, which goes safely over the heads of the infielders, and is yet too short for the outfielders to give them a chance for a catch. The former is a weak chance hit, 42 Spalding' s Athletic Library. while the latter is a well-placed ball, always yielding an earned base. Record Batting. — A batsman who devotes his whole at- tention to batting for a high average of base hits, regard- less of any efforts to forward base runners by his batting, is a mere record batsman, who knows or cares nothing of doing "team work at the bat." On the other hand, the batsman who goes in for "batting for the side," and who leads by forwarding runners by his hits, is the batsman par excellence, and not he who leads in base hit averages. In the American edition of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide, which contains in its statistical pages the batting averages of the professional batsmen of America, in a large majority of cases awards the batting honors of the season to mere "record batsmen," as there is no data in the scoring rules which give due credit to the "team worker at the bat." This is rather discouraging to the player who devotes his best efforts to "playing for the side" in a match. A Scratch Hit. — This is a term applied to an accidental hit which unexpectedly yields a base. It is a terrri, too, which is often unjustly applied to an effort by the batsman to make "a place hit" by a bunt or short safe hit. A ball batted in the air which drops safely between two fielders, who are each afforded an easy chance for a catch, but who both hesitate to accept it, is an undoubted scratch hit, and not a base hit, as it yields a base by an error of judgment by two fielders. A Safe Hit. — This is a hit which earns a base from a tapped ball to short right field, yielding no chance for a catch, though the ball is hit up in the air. It is a "place hit" in nearly every instance. The Striker. — This is the old-time title given the bats- man, a term used in the code of playing rules of the decade of the sixties. Striking Out. — This is the act of being put out on "called strikes," and, as a rule, it shows weak batting; but it is also a Jesuit of skilful, strategic pitching. Generally, how- ever, intimidating speed by the pitcher against nervous batsmen has a great deal to do with strike-out records. Spalding's Athletic Library. 43 A SacriUce Hit. — This is a hit which is part and parcel of ''team work at the bat," and at times it is of as much advantage as a base hit. For instance, a runner is at third base and another at first base, with one man out, and the batsman, in attempting a base hit, sends the ball to deep right short, obliging the fielder to throw the batsman out at first base, the runner from third thereby scoring his run, and the runner at first reaching second safely on the "sacrifice" hit. No sacrifice hit can be credited to a bats- man on a force out, nor on the error of a fielder in fail- ing to throw to first base instead of to second, when a runner is on first base and only one hand out. A Time at Bat. — Under Rule 82 "a time at bat" is thus defined : " 'A time at bat' is the term at bat of a batsman. It begins when he takes his position, and continues until he is put out or becomes a base runner. But a time at bat shall not be charged against a batsman who is awarded first base by the umpire for being hit by a pitched ball or for the illegal delivery of the pitcher or on 'called balls'* or when he makes a sacrifice hit." Timing for a Hit. — This is a term applicable to the act of so timing the forward swing of the bat to meet the ball that it may meet it either back of the home base line — thereby hitting the ball to right field — or forward of the line, in which case the ball would be hit to the left. It re- quires perfect command of the bat. and coolness and nerve in judging the pace of the pitched ball. "Timing for a hit" is the fundamental rule of scientific batting in Base Ball, and it requires brain work, with plenty of study and practice to excel in it. The batsman who is merely a machine batsman, or one who bats for a record, is practically ignorant of the science of "timing for a hit." Waiting for Good Balls. — This is a feature of skilful work by the batsman, and requires keen sight and consider- able nerve to excel in it. It is essential that the batsman should constantly keep himself in readiness — that is, "in good form," — to strike at the first ball that comes over the plate and within legal range, in order to fully benefit by "waiting for good balls." Spaldin^^ s Athletic Library. .-^X^ TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO FIELDING An Assist. — A fielder is credited with an ''assist" in the score whenever he throws the ball on the fly to a base player and affords the latter an oportunity to put the run- ner out, and the assist is to be credited, even if the base player fails to hold the thrown ball. But if the ball be thrown to the base player on the bound, no assist is to be credited, as it is a piece of masterly fielding if the bounding ball be held by the base player, and not the latter's error, if it be not so held. A fielder is also to be credited with an assist if he handles the ball in the case of a "run-out" between the bases, or if he stops a hard hit ball and there- by gives another fielder a chance to throw the runner out. Base Players. — There are three basemen or base players in a nine, viz., the first, second and third basemen, the catcher almost invariably covering the home base, though the pitcher does that once in a while, as the shortstop does the other positions in case of need. A Bound Throzv. — This is a palpable error, chargeable to the fielder who throws the ball to a base player on the bound. Deep Field. — This term is applied to the far outfield, whether to the left, center or right field. A Double Play. — A double play is made whenever the fielders put out two opponents of the batting side between the time the ball is delivered to the bat and its being again in the hands of the pitcher ready for re-delivery. This incident of a "double play" is peculiar to the game of Base Ball, it being unknown in Cricket or in any other field game of ball. A Dropped Fly Ball.— A fly ball, dropped out of the hands of a fielder before being "momentarily held," as the rule requires, or a thrown ball dropped after being thrown Spalding' s Athletic Library, 45 to a base pla3^er on the fly and within fair reach, is a field- ing error. But no such error can be charged to a fielder who drops a ball while in collision with a base runner. Under the enforcement of the rule governing an "infield hit," if the hit fly ball be touched by an infielder — whether dropped in the effort to catch it or not — the batsman is out. In such case no error is to be charged on the dropped fly ball. A Fly Catch. — This catch is made when the ball is caught and held in any way — if only momentarily — before touching the ground, whether it be a fair ball or a foul ball. A Fly-Tip Catch. — This is a catch of a foul ball which goes to the catcher sharp from the bat. The penalty of a fly-tip foul ball which is caught is the call of a strike by the umpire, the catch of the ball not yielding an out under the existing rules, as it formerly did. Forced Off. — A base runner is said to be "forced off" a base whenever he is followed in the base ruiming by a runner who has made a fair hit, or been sent to his base on balls and who has thereby forced a runner off, which latter forces off the runner who preceded him. A Fumbled Ball. — A fumbled ball is a fielding error. It occurs when the ball, having been stopped, but not held by the fielder, is fumbled in the effort to pick it up for the throw to a base. A Hot Ball. — This is a very hard-hit ball, and when, if a hot liner, it is either not held on the fly, or. if a hot bounder, is only partially stopped by the fielder, the latter is excused from an error, and a base hit should be credited the batsman. Infield ei's. — The infielders, as a team, comprise the three base players and the shortstop ; but the two battery play- ers — pitcher and catcher — are also infielders. The Infield — ^The infield of a ball ground comprises the diamond field and its immediate vicinity. .Tuggling the Ball. — A ball is said to be "juggled" when it is partially caught and rebounds from a fielder's hands before being "momentarily held." Until so held no runner 46 Spaldi7ig' s Athletic Library. can legally leave a base on an alleged catch, because the ball is kept from the ground but not actualy caught. Long Field. — This is a cricket term applicable to the outfield of a Base Ball ground, and it refers to deep out- field. In cricket the terms "long field on" and "long field off" are equivalent to left field and right field in Base Ball. A Missed Catch. — A fielder is chargeable with a failure to accept a chance for a catch when he fails to hold the fly ball after getting under it; or if he has badly missed the chance, or fails to try to accept the offer by stopping when nearly under the ball. A Muffed Ball. — A ball is said to be "muffed" when the fielder fails to pick up an ordinarily hit ball, or only par- tially^ stops it. If it be a hard-hit "grounder," a "hot liner," or a difficult twisting, bounding ball, the failure to hold it is excusable if it be partially stopped, and a muff is not chargeable. A Muffin. — This is a term applied to the veriest novices in the game. In the olden time there were the first nines, the second nines, and the muffin nines. Yet the muffins could bat out home runs, though they could not field even "a little bit." A Passed Ball. — This is a "battery" error, seldom re- corded in these days of catchers' mits, breast pads and masks. A. passed ball is recorded whenever a base is run from a dropped or muffed ball by the catcher, or from his allowing any ball to pass him which is not a wild pitch or a -base on balls; No passed ball can be charged unless a base is run on the error. xi Pick-Up. — This term is applied to a clean handling of a sharply hit ball, especially if a bounder. It is a piece of fine, sharp fielding. A Quick Return. — This term applies to the quick return of the pitched ball to the pitcher by the catcher, so as to enable the pitcher to catch the batsman napping and out of form. Run Out. — A base runner is said to be "run out" when he is caught between the bases and runs backward and forward to avoid being touched out while off a base. Run- Spalding' s Athletic Library. 47 ners from first to second, when a runner is on third base, and only one hand out, frequently run the risk of being run out, in order to afford the runner on third a chance to get home on the play. A Running Catch. — This is a catch which is one of the most attractive features of fine fielding, but it requires sound judgment and sure catching ability to excel in it. Right Short. — This is the unfilled position in a nine which is opposite the regular shortstop's position. Before a runner is on first base, the second baseman plays at right short field, especially when he sees the batsman "facing" for a right-field hit. Short Field. — This is the space of ground occupied by the shortstop, who, by the way, is the roving pla3^er of the mfield, who stands ready to cover second base, or that of any other infield position when occasion may require. A Trapped Ball. — The point of play to which this term applies is not now recognized by the rules. A trapped ball play was made when runners were on bases, and a "pop-up" fly ball was expected to be caught. Each runner holding a base was at once forced to leave on the hit and then became "trapped," or thrown out, at the base to which they had to run. Under the existing rules, if a pop- up fly ball is made, if the fielder touches the ball before it reaches the ground it is regarded as a catch, and the trap ball play fails in consequence. A Triple Play. — This is another fielding play peculiar to Base Ball, like that of a "double play." There are sev- eral ways of making a triple play, but the most familiar method is that of forcing out players. For instance, sup- pose all three bases are occupied and the batsman hits a ball down in front of him which the catcher fields at once, and, first touching the home base with his foot, throws the ball to the third baseman, who similarly touches his base and forwards the ball to second base, and if the ball is held on each base before each forced-off runner retouches it, a triple play is made. Another form of a "triple play" is made when a fly ball is hit, apparently safe, to short outfield, when first and second bases are occupied, and the base runners arc 48 Spalding' s Athletic Library. tempted to leave their bases on the chance of the hit being safe. The ball being caught, however, and promptly for- warded in time to second base, and by the baseman to first base, before the runners can retouch the bases they left when the hit was made, a triple play is the result. A Wide Throw. — This fielding error is made whenever a fielder throws a ball beyond the fair reach of a base player, either over his head, to the right or left of him, or on the bound or along the ground. When such a throw is made to the batsman by the pitcher it becomes "a wild pitch." Spalding's Athletic Library. TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO BASE-RUNNING A Base Runner. — The batsman becomes a base runner in five different ways. i. Instantly after he makes a fair hit. 2. Instantly after the umpire calls "four balls." 3. In- stantly after the umpire calls "three strikes." 4. Instantly after the pitcher has delivered the ball to the bat illegally, that is, without his pivot foot being in contact with the rubber plate of his position, or after he has taken two steps on delivery. 5. Instantly after he is hit by a pitched ball. Base Running Errors. — A base runner makes an error when he overruns second or third bases ; also, if he steps outside of the base path between home and first base ; also, if he fails to touch a base he runs for ; also, if he fails to have his foot on the base he occupies before a flyball is caught. Base Stealing. — A stolen base is to be credited to a run- ner, after reaching first base, under the following rule (Section 9 of Rule 85) : "Any attempt to steal a base must go to the credit of the base runner, whether the ball is thrown wild or muffed by the fielder; but any manifest error is to be charged to the fielder making the same. If the base runner advances another base, he shall not be credited with a stolen base, and the fielder allowing the advancement is also to be charged with an error. If the base runner makes a start and a battery error is made, the runner secures the credit of a stolen base, and the battery error is scored against the player making it. Should a base runner overrun a base and then be put out he shall receive the credit for a stolen base." The above rule regards an error by the catcher in throw- ing to a base, or by the base player in failing to hold a thrown ball, as a consequence of the effort to steal a base; but, should the error cause the runner to start, no credit for a stolen base should be given. If a runner starts to steal a base, and the catcher throws the ball wild in conse- quence, the runner gets the credit of stealing one base, but not for taking the next base on the wild throw. 50 Spalding' s Athletic Library. A Clean Steal. — This is a base stolen without the aid of an error by any, fielder. Coaching. — This is the term applied to the method of aiding base runners to steal bases, through vertical direc- tions from the player appointed to stand back of first or third base to "coach" runners. It does not, however, in- clude noisy demonstrations and personal remarks to op- posing fielders, commonly in vogue in badly managed teams. The new "Coaching" rule of 1906, is as follows : Rule 58 states that : "The coacher shall be restricted to coaching the base runner only, and shall not address remarks except to the base runner, and then only in words of assistance and direction in running bases. He shall not, by words or signs, incite or try to incite the specta- tors to demonstrations, and shall not use language which will in any manner refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposite club, the umpire or the spectators. Not more than two coachers, who must be players in the uniform of the team at bat, shall be allowed to occupy the spa(ce between the players' and the coachers' lines, one near first and the other near third base, to coach base runners. If there be more than the legal number of coachers or this rule be violated in any respect the captain of the opposite side may call the attention of the umpire to the offense, and thereupon the umpire must order the illegal coacher or coachers to the bench, and if his order be not obeyed within one minute, the umpire shall assess a fine of $5.00 against each ofifending player, and upon a repetition of the ofifense, the ofifending player or players shall be debarred from further participation in the game, and shall leave the playing field forthwith." The "coacher," it will be seen, cannot leave his regular position while coaching, without subjecting himself to a fine of five dollars (£1). Left on Bases. — Runners are left on bases after earning a base by a hit, or by having a base given them by battery or fielding errors. Only when left after earning a base is any credit due from being left on a! base. Over-running Bases. — Only in over-running first base is a base runner entitled to hold the base, and only then if, after over-running the base, he remains on foul ground. If he runs on fair ground after over-running first base he is liable to be put out by being touched by the ball while ofT the base. The runner is not obliged to return and Spalding's Athletic Library. 51 touch first base after over-running it, if he thinks there is a safe chance to run to second. Players Running Bases. — All base runners run the risk of being put out when not standing on a base, except in the case of over-running first base. Players running bascb are obliged to return to the base they left when the ball is hit foul, and also when a fly catch is made. But the moment the catch is made, either from a fair or foul hit ball, they can leave the base they occupied and try to reach the next base safely, in which latter case they are to be credited with a stolen base. If, when running from base to base — except in the case of making a home run — they must keep as near to the line between the bases as they can, for it, in order to avoid being touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, they run three feet beyond the line of the base they are out. This rule applies only in the case of trying to avoid a fielder with the ball in hand, not otherwise. The base runner, running from home to first base must invariably run within the lines of the base path until he touches the base, or otherwise he is out. Sliding to Bases. — This custom, as a rule, is dangerous work; but the risks of injury are run in the hope of se- curing a base, likely to be otherwise lost. There are two ways of sliding to bases, viz., head first and feet foremost. The former is generally the most successful, as it admits of the stretched arm touching the base. A Stolen Base. — Base stealing is an art in itself, and it requires head-work in the runner all the time. He has not only to watch the "battery" players, especially the pitcher, but he must be on the alert to get a good start for a steal. If a pitcher is at all slow in his movements or uses too many motions in his delivery, the runner can get a start from him without niuch difficulty. If the run- ner steals a base by reaching it before he is put out, but who afterwards is put out through overrunning the base, the failure to stop in time offsets the credit of the steal. The Squeeze Play. — This is a peculiar point of play in the game. It is only attempted when a base runner is on third, with none out. Then, too, it requires a brainy batsman to be facing the pitcher when the play is attempted, and also an expert runner at third base. The play is made as fol- lows : As the pitcher moves to deliver the ball to the bat, the runner starts as if to steal home. The batsman then tries for a safe " bunt" hit, and if he succeeds, the runner 52 Spalding s Athletic Library. has a good chance to reach home safely on the hit. But if he fails, the runner becomes an easy victim of the play. Taking Bases on Balls. — A base on balls is a "battery" error, though there are times when it becomes a point of p'ay to send a skilful batsman to his base on balls, but only rarely is^ this done. Taking Bases on Balks. — All base runners are entitled to take bases on balks, whether forced off or not, but the batsman can not take a base on a balk Spalding' s Athletic Library. £)Q^ TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO UMPIRING Play. — This is the call of the umpire when he opens a contest, and from the time of this call mitil the end of an inning the ball is legally in play unless declared otherwise by the umpire. Game. — This is the umpire's call when he declares the game ended. Time. — The umpire calls "Time" only when he suspends play for the time being, and the moment the call is made the ball ceases to be in play. Aw Inning. — An "inning" is the term at bat of the nine players representing a club in a game, and is completed when three of such players of a batting side have been put out, as provided in the rules. ^ No Game. — This term is applied to close of an inter- rupted game in which less than five innings have been played. The rule says " 'No game' shall be declared by the umpire if he shall terminate play on account of rain or darkness before five innings on each side are completed. Except in a case when the game is called, and the club second at bat shall have more runs at the end of its fourth innings than the club first at bat has made in its five in- nings ; in such case the umpire shall award the game to the club having made the greatest number of runs, and it shall be a legal game and be so counted in the championship record." The Suspension of Play.— The rule (71) governing the suspension of play in a game, is as follows : "The umpire shall suspend play for the following causes : "i. If rain fall so heavily as to cause the spectators on the open field and open stands to seek shelter, in which case he shall note the time of suspension, and should rain fall continuously for thirty minutes thereafter he shall terminate the game. "2. In case of an accident which incapacitates him or a plaver from service in the field, or in order, to remove 54 Spalding' s Athletic Library. from the grounds any player or spectator who has vio- lated the rules, or in case of fire, panic or other extra- ordinary circumstances." The words of this rule, viz., "compelled to seek shelter," admit of considerable latitude of interpretation. For in- stance, if the rain is only a drizzle and the crowd of spec- tators on the "bleaching boards" choose set out on the run, the umpire is not required to suspend play. But if it be a rainstorm and the crowd seeks shelter, he must then call "Time." In suspending play from any legal cause the umpire shall call "Time" ; when he calls "Time," play shall be suspended until he calls "Play" again, and during the in- terim no player shall be put out, base be run or run be scored. Called to the Bat. — The new rules of 1906 thus designate when the umpire shall call a player of the batting side to the bat. "The moment a batsman's term at bat ends, the umpire shall call for the batsman next in order to leave his seat on the bench and take his position at the bat, -and no player of the batting side shall leave his seat on the bench until so called to bat, except to become a coacher or substitute base runner, to take the place of a player on his team's batting list, to comply with the umpire's order to leave the field or to make way for a fielder." (Rule 51, Section 10.) The Umpire's Legal Calls. — The umpire is required by the rules to call every "Dead Ball," every "Strike," "Foul Ball," "Block Ball." "Balk." and all balls not over the plate or within legal range as a "ball." But he cannot call a "ball" or a "strike" until the ball passes the home base. He must also call "infield" or "outfield" hit whenever the ball is likely to be caught or touched in the air by an infielder. Reversing Decisions. — No decision rendered by the um- pire shall be reversed by him in which the question of an error of judgment is alone involved. This renders kick- ing against such decisions worse than useless. Spalding' s Athletic Library. GENERAL TECHNICAL TERMS Amateurs. — An amateur Base Ball player is one who does not play ball for "money, place or emolument." All college club players rank as amateurs when subject to their college faculty rules, not otherwise. No player, however, who accepts money or its equivalent for his services can rank as an amateur ball player. An Artist. — Webster defines the word "artist" as ap- plicable to a person who is ''skilled in some art." There- fore, a skilful ball player is an artist in his peculiar line. The Battery. — This is a term applied to the pitcher and catcher of a team. It is the main attacking force of the little army of nine players in the field in a contest. Base Lines. — These are the lines defining the location of the four bases on the diamond field. A Blind. — An old-time term used to indicate the retire- ment of a side in a game without their being able to score a single run. A Block Ball. — Rule 37, section i, says ''A block ball is a batted or thrown ball that is touched, stopped or handled by any person not engaged, in the game. "Sec. 2. Whenever a block occurs the umpire shall de- clare it, and the base runners may run the bases without being put out until the ball has been returned to and held by the pitcher standing in his position. "Sec. 3. If the person not engaged in the garne should retain possession of the ball, or throw or kick it beyond the reach of the fielders, the umpire should call 'Time' and require each base runner to stop at the last base touched by him until the ball be returned to the pitcher standing in his position and the umpire shall have called 'Play.' " 56 Spalding s Athletic Library. The Box. — This is the term given tlie pitcher's position; it also applies, too, to the position the batsman occupies. The Captain of the Team. — Each nine in a contest is governed by a captain, who is supposed to have the entire control of the movements of every player of his team dur- ing a game, the captain placing his men in such positions as he deems best, and changing the pitchers as he thinks most advisable, etc. Of course, the captain himself, as v^ell as the players, are supposed to be governed by the club manager, and are so governed when no official interference is allowed to mar his plan of government, A /^2«.— This is a term applied to a patron of the game, whose partisanship is so pronounced as to amount to fanati- cism, hence the word Fan. Hit and Run. — This is a term applicable to a point of play in the game in which a combination of team work at the bat and brainy base-running is brought into play with telling effect. John M. Ward thus describes how it was practically exemplified in 1893 by Nash, Duffy and AlcCarthy, of the champion Boston team of that year. Ward thus describes the "hit and run" point of the Bos- tonian irio : "Say,, for instance, that they have a man on first and nobody out. Under the old style: of play a sacrifice would be the proper thing. Then the man on first would reach ■second while the batsman was put out. The Bostons, howevei»\ work this scheme •. The man on first makes a bluff to ".^eal second, but runs back to first. By this it be- comes known whether the serjond baseman or the shortstop is going to cover second for the throw from the catcher. Then ths.. batsman gets a signal from the man on first that he ,'s going to steal on a certain pitched ball. The moment Le starts for second the batsman just pushes the ball for the place occupied only a moment before by the infielder who has gone to cover second base. That is, if the seco.vd baseman covers the bag the latter pushes the ball slowiy to right field ; if it is the shortstop, the ball is pushed to left field. Of course, it takes a skilful player to do this, but they have such hitters on the Boston nine. Now, w'nen that ball is pushed to the outfield, the man who has already started to steal second just keeps right on to thircti. while the batsman is safe at first. Then the trick i«j tried over again, an"^ in most cases successfully. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 57 The man on first makes another bluff to steal, and when the batsman learns who is to cover second base he pushes the ball out again, the man on third scoring, the man on first reaching third, and the batsman gaining first." A1fV/&z«^.— This is a generic term, used in the case of players disputing decisions by the umpire. A kicker is a nuisance on a ball field, and a costly enemy to team work in the game. The Nine. — This was a term applied to the players of each side engaged in a match game. It has been replaced by the term "team." In the early days of Base Ball, clubs w^ould frequently have three distinct nines in their ranks, viz., the first and second nine and the third, or "muffin" nine, the latter being mere novices. One Old Cat. — In the early period of the decade of the forties, when the old Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York used to play their practice matches at the Ely- sian Fields, Hoboken, N. J. — then a suburban resort of New Yorkers in the summer — the members used to meet on their ball field twice a week. They usually arrived in twos and threes, and as soon as they had a sufficient num- ber of players present to toss up for sides, in a practice match, their game w^ould begin; but prior to this they would bat "fungoes" to the outfielders, and the first to catch a ball on the fly would go in and take the bat. When more plavers arrived they would play "One Old Cat," that is, one player would toss the ball to the catcher behind the batsman, and when the latter w^as put out, the catcher would go in to bat, and the pitcher go behind to catch, the first baseman going in to pitch, and each player moving up nearer in his turn. But "One Old Cat" was simply a mere practice game, preliminary to beginning the regular Base Ball match. "Play Ball."— This is now one of the most familiar terms of the whole code of technical terms used in the game. It simply means that the players at once throw aside mere "playing ball for the fun of it," and devote themselves to earnest work in the game. Std^sfifutes.—"Mz[ny years ago," when the game_ "waf 5'oung and charming." substitute players were used in the game, when members of the nine w^ere unable to be punc tual in attendance on match days. But when professional 58 Spalding's Athletic Library, Base Ball came into vogue, this loose way of playing the game was done away with, and now a substitute player is only allowed to take part in a game under fixed rules. A IVhitewash. — This is another term applied to the re- tirement of a nine in a game without their scoring a run. The term "Chicagoed" is also used for the same cause. The latter term arose from the fact of the Chicago team retiring the New York Mutuals in the early seventies by a score of 9 to o, the first time it was ever done, since which the term "Chicagoed" has been used. HENRY CHADWICK, " The Father of Base Ball." From a photograph taken in his eightieth year, 1903, by Frank Pearsall, Brooklyn, N. Y. READY REFERENCE INDEX To the Official Playing Rules as Published in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide The Ball Ground- How to Lay it Out See Official Rules, Nos. i to 13, inclusive, in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. The Players' Benches See Rule 21 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Field Rules See Rules 75-77 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide The Official Ball See Rule 14 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. The Regulation Bat See Rule 15 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Regulation Gloves and Mitts See Rule 20 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Players* Uniform See Rules 18-19 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Number and Positions of Players See Rules 16-17 in Spalding's Ofticial Base Ball Guide, Substitute Players See Rule 28 in Spalding's Official Base Ball GuidCo Choice of Innings and Fitness of Field for Play See Rule 29 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. General Definitions See Rules 78-83 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. A Regulation Game See Rules 22-27 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Pitching Rules See Rules 30-37 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Batting Rules See Rules 38-51 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide Base Running Rules See Rules 52-59 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. Umpire's Duties See Rules 60-74 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide Scoring Rules See Rules 84-86 in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. 62 Spaldi7ig' s Athletic Library, SPALDING'S SIMPLIFIED BASE BALL RULES The following simplified Base Ball Rules were prepared by Mr. Ac G. Spalding of New York and London, the recognized authority on the game, and are based on the Official Playing Rules as published in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide, and contain all essential features for the playing of the game. These Simplified Rules are intended especially for the amateur player and spectator, who may not have the time and inclination to study out all the technical points of the complete Code of Playing Rules, which, of course, are necessary for the professional ex- pert. The game is divided into the important departments, under appropriate headings, with a special notation referring to the particular Official Rules in the Spalding Guide bearing upon that particular department for ready reference. Fhe Ball Ground ^^^^ t>all is played on a level i-j , » lA g^ ^ field, upon which is outlined a doW to Lay it 0.ut ^q^^^e, which is known as the infield or "diamond." The term "diamond" is also frequently used to apply to the entire field. The infield is outlined by bases, placed at right angles to each other, on each corner, beginning from the home plate. The intervals between bases must be ninety feet. The territory outside the diamond infield is known as the outfield. All that portion of the field outside the base lines— which extend from home plate to first base and from home plate to third base— and all territory behind the home plate, as well as Spalding' s Athletic Library. 63 all territory outside of a straight line reaching from the outside corner of third and first bases indefinitely to the outfield, is foul ground. Sometimes it is impossible for lads who desire to play base ball to obtain a field sufficiently large for a regulation diamond, but in such cases they should always try to lay the bases out at equal distances from each other, in order that the correct theory of the game and its symmetry may be preserved. Players of younger years may find that a smaller diamond adds more enjoy- ment to their game since they are better able to cover the ground in a smaller area and do not become so fatigued by running the bases when placed at their furthest distances. The bases, except home plate, are best constructed of canvas filled with saw. dust. Home plate should be made of whitened rubber. The pitcher's position on a regulation size diamond is located sixty and five-tenths feet from home plate and on a straight line extending from home plate toward second base. It, too, should be made of whitened rubber the shape of a parallelo- gram twenty-four inches long by six inches wide with the longer sides of the parallelogram at right angles to home plate. On a smaller field the pitcher's plate should occupy a position at the same relative distance from home plate. If it is impossible to obtain canvas bags and rubber plates for the bases, other substances will do, but the materials mentioned are much more preferable. (For detailed description, see Rules Nos. 1 to 13, inclusive, of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Plavers' Benches ^" ^"^^^ grounds should be pro^ ^ vided with two players' benches, back of and on each side of [the home plate, and not less than 25 feet outside of the coachers' lines. Each team should occupy one of these benches exclusively, and their bats and accoutrements should be kept near their bench. (See Rule 21 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 64 Spalding s Athletic Library. \^{fAt\ Rii1f^« ^^ person shall be allowed on any part of the playing field except the players in uniform, the manager of each side, the umpire and officers of the law. No manager, captain or player shall address the spectators. (See Rules 75-77 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) rpi^ wfc II The Spalding Official League Ball is used in regulation games, but for players fifteen years old or younger, the Spalding Official Boys' League Ball, made same as the National League Ball, only slightly smaller in size, should be used, for it better fits the boy's hand and prevents straining the arm in throwing. (See Rule 14 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) The Regulation Bat . 3'" "^^ """" always be round and not to exceed 2% inches in diameter at the thickest part. Spalding Trade Marked Bats are made to suit all ages and physiques, and are strictly in accord- ance with official regulations. (See Rule 15 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Regulation Gloves '^^^^ catcher or first baseman A lil*^4 "^^^ wear a glove or mitt of any and Mitts gj^e, shape or weight. Every other player is restricted to the use of a glove or mitt weighing not over lo ounces and measuring not over 14 inches around the palm. Spalding's Trade Marked Gloves and Mitts are regulation weight and size and are used by all the champion players. (See Rule 20 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Players' Uniform . ^=""" P'f>''"* by players not dad •^ in a regular uniform are called "Scrub" games, and are not recorded as "Match" games. Every club should adopt a regular uniform, not only to enable the players to properly play the game, but to distinguish one team from the other. VSee Rule 19 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Spalding s Athletic Library. 65 IVlIfliber and Tvio teams make up each con- Tfc «^« r Tfci test, with nine players on each Positions of Players 3;^,. The fielders are known as the Pitcher, the Catcher, the First Baseman, the Second Base- man, the Third Baseman, the Shortstop, the Left Fielder, the Center Fielder and the Right Fielder. None of these is required to occupy an exact position, except the pitcher, who must be within the "Pitcher's Box" when pitching the ball to the batter, and the catcher, who must be within the "Catcher's Space" behind the batter. (See Rules 16, 17 and 18 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Substitute Players '"^ '."'^"':"' """be-- °f substi- '' tutes in uniform should always be on the field ready to take the place of any disabled player, (See Rule 28 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Choice of Innings — The home club shall have the wp,j. £ uii u £ choice of innings and shall decide \ itneSS Ot t* leld tor ^„ ^^e fitness of the ground for Play beginning the game, (See Rule 29 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) General Defines the meaning of the technical terms, _,^ -. , J "Play," "Time," "Game," "An Inning," DeiinitlOnS ..^ Time at Bat," and "Legal or Legally." (See Rules 78-83 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) A Regulation Game J^'' ^^^ ''!«'"\ "'* . ^i'' *• fielders of one team in position and the first batter of the opposing team in his "box" at home plate. If it is not possible to outline a box it should be remem- bered that the batter is never allowed to step over the plate to strike at the ball, and that he must not run forward to exceed three feet to strike at it. The umpire may take his position at his option, either behind the catcher or the pitcher. He judges all balls and 66 Spalding' s Athletic Library, strikes, decides all outs, decides whether the ball is batted foul or fair, decides as to the legality of the pitcher's delivery, and, in fact, has complete control of the game. His decisions must never be questioned, except by the captain of either team, and only then in the event that there is a dispute as to the correct interpretation of the rules. The team at bat is allowed two coachers on the field, one oppo- site third base and one opposite first base, but they must never ap- proach either base to a distance closer than five feet, and must not coach when there are no runners on the bases. Whenever a player is substituted on a nine, he must always bat in the order of the man whose position he is called upon to fill. A player may be substituted at any time, but the player whose place he takes is no longer eligible to take part in the contest. A game is won when the side first at bat scores fewer runs in nine innings than the side second at bat. This rule applies to games of fewer innings. Thus, whenever the side second at bat has scored more runs in half an inning less than the side first at bat, it shall be declared the winner, provided the side first at bat has completed five full innings at bat. A game is also won if the side last at bat scores the winning run before the third man is out. In case of a tie game play continues, until at the end of even in- nings, one side has scored more runs than the other ; provided, that if the side last at bat scores the winning run before the third man is out, the game shall terminate. (See Rules 22-27 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Pitching Rules ^^"" "-"^l "^'T^^' ^"l^r^^ '^" ^^l^^.^ must face the batter and have one of his feet in contact with the pitcher's plate. Whenever the ball, after being pitched, goes over any por- tion of the home plate, between the batter's knee or shoulder, it must be called a strike whether the batter strikes at it or not If the pitcher fails to deliver the ball over any portion of the plate, or if he delivers it over the plate above the shoulder or be- Spalding's Athletic Library. 67 low the knee, it is called a ball if the batter declines to strike at it. At the beginning of each inning the pitcher is allowed to throw live balls either to the catcher or an infielder for practice. If the pitcher makes a motion to deliver the ball to the bat and fails to do so, or feints to throw to first base when oc- cupied by a runner, and fails to complete the throw, the um- pire must call a balk. A balk is also declared when the pitcher makes a motion to throw to any base without stepping directly toward that base; when either foot of the pitcher is behind the pitcher's plate when he delivers the ball ; when he fails to face the batsman in de- livering the ball; when either foot is not in contact with the pitcher's plate when delivering the ball ; when he purposely delays the game by holding the ball ; when he makes any motion to pitch while standing in his position and does not have the ball in his possession ; when he makes any motion with any part of his body corresponding to his customary style in pitching and fails to deliver the ball ; when he delivers the ball to the catcher when the latter is outside of the catcher's box. When a pitched ball hits the batsman, or the umpire before the catcher touches it, the umpire must declare it a dead ball and no base runner can advance. If a foul strike, a foul hit not caught, dead ball or a fair hit ball touch a base runner, the ball is not in play again until it is held by the pitcher standing in his position. A block ball is a batted or thrown ball that is touched by a person not engaged in the game. The umpire must so announce it and runners may advance until the ball is returned to the pitcher in his position. After that they continue to advance at their own peril. If the blocked ball be held by a spectator or be kicked away from a fielder by a spectator, the umpire may call, "Time," and hold the runners at the bases where they were when he called, "Time." (See Rules 38-51 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 68 Spalding' s Athletic Library. Battind Rules Each captain is privileged to look at the batting order of his opponent, and both batting orders must be furnished the umpire. After the first inning the first batter in each inning is the player succeeding the man who completed his time at bat in the in- ning before. A fielder always has the right of way over a batter to catch or handle the ball. Any legally batted ball that settles on fair ground between home and first, or home and third base, or that bounds on fair ground to the outfield past first base or third base, or that falls on fair ground beyond first base or third base, or that touches the person of a player or the umpire on fair ground is a fair hit. A ground hit that first strikes fair territory and rolls out of the foul line between home and first or home and third is a foul hit. Any legally batted ball that settles on foul ground is a foul hit, except that a ground hit rolling from foul to fair territory between home and first or home or third and remains there is a fair hit. A foul tip is the continuation of a strike which has just been touched by the bat and shoots directly to the catcher's hands. A bunt hit is a legally batted ball tapped slowly to the infield which remains on fair ground. If a bunt rolls foul it must be called a strike, whether the first, second or third strike. Any hit going outside the ground is fair or foul, as the umpire judges its flight at the point at which it passes beyond the limi- tations of the enclosure. Any hit going outside the ground be- yond a distance of 235 feet entitles the batter to a home run. If the batsman strikes at a pitched bafl and misses it, the umpire must call a strike. If a ball passes over the plate at the proper height the umpire must call a strike whether or not the batsman strikes at it. A foul tip, caught by the catcher, is always a strike. A foul hit, whether a fly or a ball bounding to any part of foul ground, is a strike unless the batter has two strikes. After two strikes the batter may foul the ball without penalty un- less he be caught out on a foul fly. spa/ding's Athletic Library. 69 All bunts rolling foul arc sirikcs. If the balsnian strikes at the ball and misses it, but the ball hits him. it is a strike. If the batsman hits the ball with either of his feet out of the batter's box, it is a foul strike and he is out. If a batsman bats out of turn, and it is discovered before the ball has been delivered to the succeeding batsman, the man, who should have batted, is out. and no runs can be scored or bases be run on the play made by the wrong batter. If while the wrong batsman is at bat, the mistake is discovered, the proper batsman may take his place, but he must be charged with the balls and strikes that have been recorded against the wrong batsman. In a case of this kind the batters continue to follow in their regular order. If a batsman be declared out because of a wrong man batting for him, and it be the third out, the player first at bat in the next inning shall be the one who would have been at bat had the players in the preceding inning been put out by ordinary play. The batsman can be called out if he fails to take his place within one minute after the umpire has called for him. A foul fly caught by a fielder retires the batsman, providing the fielder does not use his cap, his protector, or any illegal con- trivance to hold the ball. If the ball should lodge in the catcher's protector by accident, and he should secure the ball before it falls to the ground, it has been ruled that this is a fair catch. Whenever the batter attempts to hinder the catcher from field- ing or throwing the ball, he is out. If there is a man on first base, unless two are out, the batter is out when three strikes are called, whether the catcher holds the ball or not. The batsman is out on the third strike if the ball hits him and base runners must not advance. Before two men are out, if the batsman pops up a tly to the 70 Spalding's Athletic Library. infield, with first and second, or first, second and third bases occupied, the batsman is out if the umpire announces it an infield hit, and the umpire must make an instantaneous decision in order that a double play may be prevented and the base runners may be protected. After the batsman makes a fair hit on which he is not put out, he must touch first, second and third base and the home plate in regular succession to score a run. No base runner can score ahead of the men who precedes him in the batting order if that player is also a base runner. The batsman must run to first base immediately after four balls have been called, as well as after a fair hit has been made. If the batsman is hit by a pitched ball, and the umpire is satis- fied that the batsman did not purposely get in the way of the ball, he is entitled to go to first base without being put out. Should the catcher interfere with the batsman in striking at the ball, the batsman is entitled to first base without being put out. The batsman who hits a fair ball that strikes the person or clothing of a base runner is entitled to first base. After the third strike is called and missed by the catcher, if the batsman interferes with him he is out. Any fly ball legally hit by, the batsman and legally caught on fair or foul ground is out. Three strikes are out if the catcher holds the ball. In case he drops it, but picks it up, and touches the batsman, or picks it up, and throws to first base ahead of the batsman, the latter is out. Should the batsman make a fair hit and in the last half of the distance between home plate and first base run more than three feet outside of the line he is out, except that he may go out of the line to avoid interfering with a fielder trying to handle the ball as batted. This rule is construed rather liberally owing to the great speed with which runners go to first base. (See Rules 38-51 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Spalding's Athletic Library. 71 Rase Running Whenever the, umpire sends tl?'^'^'>ts- n I ii^an to first base on balls, or being hit KUieS Ijy ^ pitched ball, or being interfered with by the catcher, all runners on bases immediately aliean of him may advance a base without being put out. Runners on the bases may take the next base without bems^ put out whenever the umpire calls a balk. A pitched ball, that passes the catcher and strikes the umpire, or any fence, or building, within ninety feet of the home plate, entitles each runner to advance a base. If a fielder obstructs a base runner, the runner may go to the next base unless the fielder has the ball in hand to touch him out. ^ A base runner may advance a base whenever the fielder stops or catches the ball with his cap, glove or any part of his uniform, detached from its proper place on his person. The base runner shall return to his base, without being put out, on a foul tip, or foul fly not legally caught by a fielder and on a hit bounding foul. On a foul strike the runner must return to his base. On a dead ball the runner must return. If it be the fourth ball and a runner be on first, he is bound to advance. If there are runners rhead of him, on second or third, they, too, must advance in regular order. If by accident the umpire interferes with the catcher's throw or a thrown ball hit the umpire, the runner must return to his base and cannot be put out. If a pitched ball is struck at and missed by the batsman, but the ball hits the batsman, the runner returns to his base and cannot be put out. In any of the above cases the runner is not required to touch any intervening bases to reach' the base to which he is legally entitled. Whenever the runner is on the way from first to second, second to third, or third to home plate, or reverse order, he must keep within three feet of a direct line between bases. If he runs out of line to avoid being touched by a fielder he is out. However it a fielder is on the line trying to field a batted ball, the runner 72 Spalding's Athletic Library. may run behind him to avoid interference, and shall not be put out. Interference witli a fielder attempting to field a batted ball re- tires the runner, unless two fielders are after the same hit, and the runner collides with the one whom the umpire believes to have had the lesser opportunity to get the ball. The runner is always out at any time that he may be touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless the runner is on the base to which he is legally entitled. The ball, however, must be held by the fielder after he has touched the runner. If the run- ner deliberately knocks the ball out of the fielder's hands, he shall be declared out if not on base. If the runner fails to get back to base after a foul or fair fly is caught, before the ball is fielded to that base and legally held, or the runner be touched before he can get back to base by a fielder with the ball in his hands, the mnner is out, except that if the ball be thrown to the pitcher, and he delivers it to the batter, this penalty does not apply. If a base should be torn from its fastenings, when the runner strikes it he cannot be put out. If a runner is on first, or runners are on first and second, or first, second and third, and the ball shall be legally batted to fair ground, all runners are forced to run, except in the case of an infield fly, previously referred to, or a long fly to the outfield, and may be put out at any succeeding base if the ball is fielded there and properly held, or the runners may be touched out between bases in the proper manner. After a foul fly is caught or a long fly to the outfield is caught base runners have the privilege of trying for the next base. A base runner hit by a legally batted ball in fair territory is out. The batsman, however, must run to first base, but may be put cut if it is possible to do so. A runner on first base, who is forced by the batsman, may leave the base, but shall be allowed to return, if not forced out at second, and the batsman be fielded out at first. No run can be scored when a base runner is hit by Spalding's Athletic Library. T^i a batted ball n(»r can a niniior advance from second to third or iirsi. to second. A runner who fails to touch a base in regular or reverse order, wne.ti. a fair play is being made, is out if the ball be properly held Dy a fielder on the base that should have been touched, or the runner be touched out between bases by the ball legally held by a rielder. A runner is out if after "Play", has been called by the umpire he fails to return to the base that he occupied when "Time" was temporarily called, providing always that the ball in the meantime has not been delivered by the pitcher to the batter. When the batter runs to first base, he may overrun the base if ne turns to the right after passing it. If he turns to the left he renders himself liable to be touched out before he gets back to the base. If before two are out. and third base is occupied, the coacher at third base shall attempt to fool the fielder by pretending to run home, thereby drawing a throw to home plate, the runner on third base shall be declared out. If one or more members of the team at bat gather around a base for which a runner is trying, thereby confusing the fielding side, the runner trying for the base shall be declared out. If a runner touch home plate before a runner preceding him in the batting order, if there be such a runner, the latter shall lose his right to third base. The coachers must confine themselves to legitimate directions of the base runners only, and there must never be more than two coachers on the field, one near first base and the other near third base. One run shall be scored every time a player has made the legal circuit of the bases before three men are out, provided that a runner who reaches home, on or during a play in which the third man is forced out, or is put out before reaching first base, ^nai'i not be entitled to score. Any special ground rules shall be understood by both team 74 Spalding's Athletic Library. captains and the umpire. The captain of the home club estab- lishes the ground rules. A player who makes a legal hit to fair territory is entitled to as many bases as he can advance without being put out. If a fielder is unable to get the ball until the batter has completed the circuit of the bases it is called a home run providing no fielder makes a misplay in handling the ball. The same rule applies to the making of a three-base hit, a two-base hit, or a one-base hit — better known as a single. (See Rules 52-59 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) empire's Duties '}}''' ""P'^" "^^^ *'"^ P""'^se to ^ call a draw game, whenever storm interferes, if the score is equal on the last even inning played. However, if the side second at bat is at bat when a storm breaks, and the game is terminated, and this side has scored the same number of runs as the other side, the umpire can call the game drawn without regard to the score of the last equal in- ning. Under like conditions, if the side second at bat has scored more runs than the side first at bat, it shall be declared the winner/ all runs for both sides being counted. A game car* be forfeited by the umpire if a team refuses to take the field within five minutes after he has called "Play" ; if one side refuses to play after the game has begun ; if, after the um- pire has suspended play, one side refuses to play after he has again called "Play" ; if one side tries to delay the game ; if the rules are violated after warning by the umpire; if there are not nine players on a team after one has been removed by the umpire. The umpire has the right to remove players for kicking at de- cisions or for behaving in an ungentlemanly manner. Only by the consent of the captain of an opposing team may a base runner have a batter of his own side run for him. The choice of innings is given to the captain of the home club. If two clubs happen to be playing from the same city the choice of innings may be determined by tossing a coin. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 75 Play may be suspended by the umpire because of rain and if rain falls continuously for thirty minutes the umpire may termi- nate the game. The umpire may call "Time" for any valid reason, but not until the pitcher is in his position with the ball in his hand. In case of serious accident this provision is usually waived, the ball being fielded as quickly as possible to some point to hold the runners. (See Rules 60-74 of Spalding's Official Base BallGuide.) Scorind Rules Each side may have its own scorer, and in case of disagreement, the umpire shall decide, or the captains of each side may agree upon one scorer for the match. (See Rules 84-86 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.1 76 Spalding's Athletic Library, 00 HOW TO SCORE By Henry Chadwick To score a game of Base Ball is a very easy matter indeed, if the object in view is simply to ascertain which of the con- testing sides wins ; but to score a game for the purpose of making up a complete analysis of each player's work at the bat and in the field, is quite a different matter. For the former purpose the record of the outs and runs, and the runs made in each innings, amply suffices; but for the latter object a full record of all the chances offered and accepted for making runs and putting players out, and of all the base hits made, and of how batsmen and base runners reach bases and score runs, together with all the errors committed by the batsmen and fielders are necessary. To score these latter particulars with as much brevity, rapidity and accuracy in detail as possible, con- stitutes efficient scoring. How to score properly is what we shall endeavor to show the reader of this chapter on scoring. To take down in writing every play made in a game necessi- tates the use of a system of shorthand, which, of course, differs from the work of the phonographist to the extent that sound differs from movements. Over fifty years ago we prepared a system of shorthand for the movements of contestants in a Base Ball match, which system is now familiar to every scorer in the country. The abbreviations of this system were pre- pared on the mnemonics plan of connecting the abbreviated words in some way or other with the movement to be described, so as to allow the memory to be aided by what was already familiar to it, without trusting alone to an arbitrary remem- brance of each distinct sign. We began with the first three letters of the alphabet to indicate the first three bases; then we adopted the first or last letter of the word to be recorded, so as to make it familiar, thus using F for the Avord "fly," and SMldin^'s Athletic Library. 77 L for the word "foul," H for "home base," R O for "run-out, ' K for "struck out,'" as it was the prominent letter of the word strike, as far as remembering the word was concerned. This was the principle of the system, and it was carried out in fur- ther abbreviations. Below will be found our regular method of scoring which was indorsed by the National Association of i860, and practised by the best scorers in the country. TO SCORE THE BATTING. When the players take their positions in the field, and the game commences, all the scorer has to do to record the par- ticulars of the batting, is the moment a run is secured, to put down a dot (•) in the corner of the square opposite the name of the batsman making the run ; and when an out is made all he has to do is to mark down the figure i for the first out, 2 for the second out, and 3 for the third. By way of check- ing the score he can also record each run at the end of the score of each batsman, so that the batsman's total score at the end of each innings can be seen at a glance. When the innings terminate, add up the total dots or runs recorded, and mark the figure underneath the column of the innings, and underneath this figure record the grand total at the close of each innings. Thus suppose 3 runs are scored in the first innings, and 2 in the second, and 3 in the third, under the total figure of the second innings you mark down 5, and under the total figure of the third innings you mark down the figure 8; by this means you can tell at a glance what the total score of a player or of an innings is at any time during the game. The above rule is simply the method of scoring the runs and outs made, without the particulars of the fieldmg or any record of bases made on hits. One special feature of this Spalding copyright method of ours in scoring in Base Ball is \hc numbering of the players of each respective team in their regular hattiuii order, thereby planil\ 78 Spalding s Athletic Library. designating each of the nine players in the field by his number in the battnig order. By this means a fielder's number from I to 9 can readily be known as the one who made an assist or a put-out, or \\ho commits a fielding error, no matter what change of position in the field is made. This change of position cannot possibly be made with the facility of designating the particular fielder by recording his number by that of his posi- tion as it can be by recording the figure of the order of bat- ting, as his position in the field is frequently changed, while that of his batting order is never changed during the game, ex- cept when a new player is added to the team, in which case he becomes No. lo. For instance, the college club rule of figures for the players is that of No. i, for the pitcher; No. 2, for the catcher, and so on from first, second and third basemen to shortstop, left fielder, center fielder and right fielder, while the professional figures are used according to the order of batting. When the two nines have been chosen and are present, the scorer records their names in the book as follows : On the left- hand page he places the names of one nine under the head of "batsman" and of the other nine under the head of "fielders," the batter being marked by figures i to 9 in accordance with their batting order. This order is reversed on the right-hand page, the fielders becoming the batsmen and the batsmen the fielders. This being done, he then records the date of the match and name of the grounds it is played on, this being recorded over the heading of the "innings." When the umpire is se- lected, and the players are ready to begin the game, the moment the umpire calls "play" the scorer records the time the call was made over the heading of the "batsmen," who begin the game, and the names of this side are the first to be put down when the score is made at the close of the game. The moment the batsman hits a ball and is put out, the scorer records the out by simply writing the figure i in the square of the first innings, opposite the batsman's name. In scoring a game in an ordinary score-book, each fielder is Spalding' s Athletic Library. 79 numbered from one to nine, and in recording by whom players are put out, these figures are used 10 indicate the name of the fielder. Thus, if the first-named player on the list is the catcher, the first catch he makes behind on a foul fly is recorded I L-F, viz., put out by i on a foul (L), fly (F). The whole record of a game by this system is done simply by dots, figures and letters. Dots for runs, figures for the outs, players' names and bases players are left on, together with the total scores, and letters as abbreviations of the words used to indicate the manner in which a player is put out. In writing down the positions of the fielders, all that is requisite is to use the in- itial letter for each position, thus C for catcher, P for pitcher, etc. In recording the center field, however, we use M instead of C, recording it as "middle field," as C is for catcher. Suppose the fielders in their places and the 1 batsman in his, and the scorers ready to record the game. "Play" is called, and the time of beginning the game at once recorded. The striker then hits a ball, which is caught on the fiy by the left fielder, who is the seventh striker, we will sa}-, on the other side. On the square of the first innings op- posite the striker you first write down the figure i, indicat- ing the first hand out, and above it write the figure 7 and the letter F, and your record will then appear thus: : 7-F : I the 7 representing the name of the fielder, and the letter F the initial of the word fly, showing by whom and in what manner the player was put out. A (•) is used to score a run ; while small figures — ist, 2d and 3d — are used to indicate left on bases. A, B, C, represent the first three bases, and all the other abbreviations are either the first or last letters of the words abbreviated. Thus, we give the first letters of fly, tip, run-out, and home run, and the last letters of foul, and struck, as we have already used F for fly; and the letter K, in struck, is easier to remember in conne^^tion with the word than S. 8o Spalding's Athletic Library. SINGLE-LETTER ABBREVIATIONS. The single-letter abbreviations we use are as follows : A — For First Base. B — For Second Base. C — For Third Base. H— For Home Plate. These indicate the several bases only, the following bv otherwise used ; F— For Catch of Fly Ball. K — For Struck Out. L — For Foul Balls. M — For Middle Field position, viz.. Center Field. P— For Passed Balls. S — For "Sacrifice Hits." DOUBLE-LETTER ABBREVIATIONS. The double-letter abbreviations are as follows : AB— For At Bat. BB— For Bases on Balls. FC — Eor Fielder's Choice. LF — For Foul Fly Catch. HR — For Home Run. RD— For Run Out. LK— For Foul Strike. TF— For Tip Fly Ball. Spalding's Athletic Library. 8i BATTING SIGNS. Abbreviations used in batting differ from the letter signs, as will be seen below. In indicating base hits we employed a cross "j for one-base hit, a double cross Ijl for a two-base hit, and a triple cross i for a three-base hit, and to show where the ball was hit, we added a dot to the cross so as to indicate the part of the field the ball was sent to. Thus a hit to left field for one base is marked thus | ; a hit to right field for two bases, thus ^ ; a hit to center field for three bases thus, ^ A ground ball to cither position yielding two bases ijl zt it FIELDING SIGNS. The signs we use for Fielding movements are as given below : A high-thrown wide ball is indicated thus, .i_ , the line being for the throw and the dot above for the high ball. The low-thrown wide ball is similarly indicated, only the ball is placed under the line, thus "t . A half circle shows a wild-pitched ball, thus ^^ . A dropped fly ball with a dot in the center, thus © . A double play by the following sign, } . A batsman hit by a pitched ball by the word "hit." A muffed ball by (m) . The base-running signs are as follows: St for stolen base, Jst, 2d and 3d for left on bases, the figures showing what bases the runners were left on. It will be seen at a glance that the mnemonic system is frequently used in the makeup of the abbreviations; that is, the use of signs one is familiar with in the place of mere arbitrary signs. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. WHAT A BASE BALL PLAYER NEEDS J^ J^ J^ 4kJ^ J!k^ A Base Ball player needs an outfit that plays with him, not against him, and we have got to reckon in the outfit as the most important articles the Balls. Bats, Mitts and Gloves that the player uses. Aftei- that we have got to consider the uniforms and then the arti- cle* making up the equipment of the irroiinds. For over thirty years A. G. Spalding & Bros, have been studying to please the athlete, to give him just what is right and what is most suitable for the sport that he is interested in. This applies not only to Base Ball gcods but also to the general line of athletic equipment. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. Taking up the first requisite of the Ease Ball player — the ball— The Spalding Official League Ball has been used exclusively by the National League, Minor Leagues, and by all Intercollegiate and other associations for over a quarter of a century, and is beyond all ques- tion the most perfect Base Ball that has ever been produced. It is put out with an absolute guarantee to last through one continual match game without losing its shape. The price of the Spalding Otficial League Base Ball is $1.25 each and it is carried in stock and sold by dealers throughout the country, a total of over 30,00(> who handle the Spalding line of athletic goods, A ball that calls for the consider- ation of clubs that want a ball that is regulation in every way. but somewhat more durable than the regular Official League Ball, is the Spalding Double Seam No. 0, the price of which is $L.50 each. This ball is made with the same caie and of the same material as the Official League Ball, and the double stitch renders it di)ul)]y secure against ripping. For boys' teams, playing games that are to be recognized as of- ficial, the Spalding No. IB ball should be used. The price of this ball is 75 cents. This is made with- horsehide cover and in evei-y SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. rcspoct is tlio saino as the Oflicial Loafruo Ball excopt that it is slightly smaller in size. To satisfy the tleiuand for a high grade ball as good as any so- called "League" balls made in imitation of the Si)alding Oilicial League Ball, the No. X 'Varsity League Ball has been put out by. Spalding, and tlie price of this ball is .i;t.tit> each. A new full size ball has been added to the Spalding line this season,: this is the Spalding No. l.\ .\mateur Leagiu>. made with tlu> horsehide cover and of exc-ellent nniterial throughout : priii' 75 cents. Other large size lialls in the Spalding line are the No. 2, rrofe.^sional. .W cents; No. n. King of the Diamond, 2.5 cents; No. 7, Bovs" Favorite, 20 cents; No S. 1(> cents. The other si>ecial balls included in the Spalding line for bovs" use and slightlv smaller than regulation size are No. XB. Interscholastic League, .5(» cents; No. 10. High Flyer. 2.5 cents: No. 7B, League .lunlor. 2.5 cents; No. 14, Boys' Amateur, 15 cents; No. 1>B. Boys' Lively. 10 cents; No. VA, Rocket, 5 cents. All of these Base Balls are well made. The (pnility of material throughout is excellent and the sewing and otlier details of manufacture are all attended to in our own factory under the direct snp(>rvision of ex- pert Base Ball players through whose hands every ball passes before it is put out for use. A Base Ball Bat in these days has got to bo something more than a stick of wood whittled out by the boy himself, or a convenient broom handle saweil off to the proper length. A Spalding Base Ball Bat nu'ans a scientific article of Base Ball i)lay: something that has had the consideration of nu'U who know just what is required by a Base Ball player and who have had at their disposal the uneiiualed facilities of our m;inufacturing eslablishinent to produce a bat that is just right. The demand for Base Ball bats has l)een so great at times as to tax to the utmost tin' facilities of the Spalding factory, but that has never led us to take from our drying sheds, timber not sutliciently seasoned We have made certain in every case before a stick of timber was takt>n out of the drying shed that it had been properly seasoned so as to give the necessary driving power recpiired in a Base Ball Bat that is to be just right, and then after the stick of timber has been turned over to the batmaker. who is to turn it out, it needs his practiced eye and the knowled.ge that he has gotten during all the years that he has been supervising the manu- facture of Spalding bats to tell him just what model that particular bat should b(> uiiide. to utilize to the fullest extent the good points in- herent in the superb timber to which so much expense and trouble has already been attached. You may turn a piece of timber that is just right over to a man who does not know what is retpiired in a Base Ball Bat, and al- though you show him tlu> model of what you need, it does not follow that he will give you a bat that will be satisfactory. It needs a certain special knowledge to turn out a bat that is properly balanced, with the weight just in the right place, the grip just the right shape and the length proper, and it is this special knowledge which these batmakers have ac(piired through their long connection with A. G. Spalding & Bros., in turning out the supt^rb lin»> of Base Ball Bats which are manufacturi'd at the Spalding bat factory. Tlie Spalding (Jold Medal Bats, in men's size, are made in three different styles. No. GM, plain, white wax finish; No. GMT, taped bat; No. GMP, professional, special dark finish. These three bats all sell at the same price. $1.00 each, and in the same quality is made a boy's size bat. No. GMB. the price of which is 50 cents each. The special second growth ash that goes in the (Jold Medal line of bats is the choice selection of the best ash timl)er that can l>e bought anywhere at any price. The same grade of timber is used in the Spalding Mushroom Bats, of which two different st.vles are made. No. M, plain, special finish, and No. MT, with taped handle. The price of both of these Mushroom Bats is .$1.00 each. The knob ar- rangenu-nt at the end of the Sitalding Mushroom Bats gives a more even distribution of wei.trht over the whole length than is possible under the old construction, and foj^ certain kinds of play the bat is practically invalualie. Mr. Gharles A. Comiskey, President of the SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. Chicago Amorican I^asuc Club, fhampions of the World, says* "The Spalding Mushroom Vat receives my hearty endorsement. My ex- perience as a hall player enables me to thoroughly appreciate its good qualities." And the following players on the Chicago National League Club, champions of the National League in I'Md, V. L. Chance, John Evers, Joe Tinker, James F. Slagle and J. Kling, say: "In all our experience as Base Ball players we have not found a bat more GOLD MEDAL BATS. MUSHROOM TRADE MARK BATS. satisfactory than the Spalding Mushroom Bat." The opinion of John J. McGraw. Manager of the New York Base Ball Club, of this bat is as follows: "P'or a long time 1 have been trying to find a bat that would balance when 'choking.' Not until I used the Spalding Mushroom Bat have I found a bat that was up to my idea. This bat is used exclusively by the New York players." And William Gleason, of the Philadelphia National League Club, says: "I have played professional Base Ball for the last 15 years and have tried SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. all kinds of bats, but no bat has given me such good service as the Spalding Mushroom Bat. Quality and balance are perfect." The balance of the Spalding line of Base Ball Bats includes the "A. G. Spalding Autograph" Bat, 75 cents each; the No. 3-0, Wagon Tongue, full size bat. 50 cents; the No. OX, Axletree, with tape- wound handle, 35 cents; the No. 2X, full size bat, 25 cents; also the following boys' size bats: No. 3X, Junior League, 25 cents; No. 2XB. antique finish, 10 cents. How much a Base Ball catcher owes to a properly made mitt no one but he can tell. Spalding knows, however, how to make a mitt so as to give the greatest aid to the catcher. They have studied this point for years. They are continually experimenting and they claim that the result of their study and experimenting is shown in what they consider the Spalding perfect line of Base Ball Mitts for catchers, basemen and fielders. They spend a great amount yearly in investigating improved tanning processes, and at their factory maintain an expensive department devoted wholly to the one object of improving the construction of their goods. In every one of the Spalding mitts the best material obtainable is used. This not only applies to the leather but also to the padding, the thread in the stitching, the leather lacing thongs, and every other small detail in the manufacturing problem. No. 9-0 No. 8-0 This is the second season ffir the No. 9-0 Spalding Mitt. This style, with its patent molded face, proved a revelation to old time players when put out last season and took like wildfire. For the face of this mitt only the choicest parts of each hide are selected. The leather must be perfectly tanned, because of the peculiar stitch- No. 7-0 No. 7.0R SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. Ing and the molding process which is nccessarj' to produce a perfect "pocket" with no seams or rough places of any kind on the face. This mitt is padded with best felt, has steel wire lacing and a leather strap and brass buckle fastening at back. The price of the Spalding No. 9-U Mitt is $8.(>0 each. The next grade is. the Spalding No. 8-0, Professional Style, with face of white buck and absolutely best grade material throughout. The price of the No. 8-0 Mitt is $7,00 each. The Spalding No. 7-0 Mitt, which has become known No. S— Scoop generally as the "Perfection, calfskin and has double No. 5-0 is $6.00 each. It is of finest quality of stitching on heel pad. Spalding; No. OX No. O makes a similar mitt to the number 7-0, but of black leather and without heel pad. This is known as the Spalding No. 7 O-R, and the price is $7.00 each. No.OA No. A SiPALDtNG'S OFFICIAL BASE fiALL GUIDE. In passing wo would lik<> to inciition tJip new SpaldinR Scoop Mitt, an extra large size, conibining the good points of the baseman's pat- tern with the size of the largest mitt now in use by catchers. The scoop is stiffened with sole leather, giving full protection to the ends of the fingers, and as there is no strain at all on the face, there is no danger of injury to the thumb. The price of the No. S Scoop Mitt is .$10.00. An old favorite is the Spalding League Mitt, No. 5-0, at $5.00 each. This is an excellent article, well made and very No. B No. D popular with some of the best catchers on the big teams. The Spalding Decker Patent Mitt, No. 0-X, costs $3.50. This has a heavy piece of sole leather on the back for extra protection to the hands and fingers, and it is well made of best grade material throughout. Other full size , catchers' mitts in the Spalding line are No. Mitt, No. AB No. A A No. BE $3.00; No. 0-A Mitt, $2.00; No. A Mitt, $1.50; No. B Mitt, $1.00; No. D Mitt, $1.00; No. 4 Mitt. .50 cents. All of these mitts are made to fit men. They are well made throughout and they all bear the broad Spalding guarantee. The line of Spalding Youths' Mitts for catchers comprises the No. A-B, which is made without heel pad No. 5 No. BX No. BXR and of extra quality white buck, price $1.00 each; the No. A A Mitt, made with patent lace back and good quality throughout, 50 cents; SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. the No. BE Mitt, a very popular style, oO cents, and the No. 5 Mitt, 25 cents. When it conies to a Baseman's Mitt there are a yood njany points to be considered that do not entei- into the construction of a regular Catcher's Mitt. A Baseman's Mitt must be pliable, be of a certain size, and afford some i)rotection. In addition to this there are cer- tain other qualities that cannot be described exactly, but which must all enter into the construction of the Baseman's Mitt which is to be No. BXS No. DX No. CX satisfactory ti> the great number of players who play on the bases and want a mitt that will help their play. The Spalding line of First Basemen's Mitts we feel certain includes all of the necessary qualities and we know that basemen on the largest teams use Spald- ing mitts almost universally. The line includes the Spalding, No. B-X, best quality, made of choice selected and special tanned calf- No. EX No. 3C No. 3XR skin, price $4.00. Spalding makes a similar mitt of black leather. This is the No. BXR, the price of which is also $4.00. Both of these mitts have the double row of stitching on heel pad and strap- and-buckle fastening at back. The No. BXS is made without the heel pad, but is otherwise similar to the No. BX, and the price is the same A First Baseman's Mitt, made of drab leather and along the lines of the better grade styles, is the No. CX, the price of No. 3X No. 4X No. SX which is $2.(»(t. The next Mitt is No. DX, at $1.r.(», and an excellent First Baseman's Mitt for boys is the Spalding No. EX, at $1.00. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. Of Fielders' Mitts Spalding makes a comprehensive line. These differ in style from both the Basemen's and Catchers' mitts, incor- porating in themselves special features which make them particularly attractive to Base Ball playersi in the field. The best grade Spalding Fielder's Mitt is the No. 3C, made of molded brown calfskin, leather No. 6X. No. 7X. lined, and strap-and-buckle fastening at back. The price of the No. 3C is $3.00 each. A similar style of Mitt, but made of black leather, is the Spalding No. 3XR, at $3.00, and on the same model, but made of white tanned buckskin, the Spalding No. 3X at $3.00. A very satisfactory style of Fielder's Mitt, of drab leather, is the No. PX. No. RX. No. 2X. Spalding No. 4X, at $2.00, and a very popular style the N<) ."iX, at $1.00. Two different styles of Fielder's Mitts are made tor boys; No. 6X, of brown cape leather, at 50 cents, and No. 7X, of special tanned leather, at 25 cents. No. 2XS No. AX. No. XS. Gloves must fit and they must feel comfortable, no matter whether they are made for walking, driving, or Base Ball. It is not suf- ficient to simply sew two pieces of leather together in the shape of a man's hand and put it out as a glove. This is especially true with a Base Ball Glove. A man may wear a glove that is not suited to his hand, but he cannot play Base Ball to the best of his SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. ability if the glove he is wearing is not properly made. Thirty years experience in the manufacture of everything relating to the game of Base Ball has given Spalding an expert knowledge that no money can buy. The training that the people in the Spalding fac- torits has obtained during the time they have been turning out No. XL. No. X. No. 13. Spalding Athletic Goods is worth more to the Base Ball player who purchases the Spalding article than could be possibly charged for the article itself. It represents a part of the value of the Spalding trade -mark and another part of that value is contained in the broad No. 15. No. 15L. No. 12. No. 16. Spalding Guarantee which is given with every article of Spalding manufacture, a guarantee that is broader, we believe, than that given bv anv manufacturer in any line of goods. Spalding guarantees that their -roods will give satisfaction,— not only that they will look right No. PXB. No. 14. No. XB. No. 19. when thev are purchased, but that they will be right when they are put in use and that they will stay right while they are being used. A guarantee .is broad iis this represents a good many dollars to a Base Ball team in the course of the season and it should be con- sidered when it comes to purchasing the outfits for the team, es- SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. pocially when it is remembered that it costs nothing extra. The line of Spalding Infielders' Gloves comprises styles suitable for every class of player. The best glove turned out is the Spalding No. PX, Pro- fessional Style, at $3.00. This is made up on lines suggested by prominent professional players, and the buckskin used in its con- struction is the finest Spalding has been able to obtain anywhere. It is heavily padded around edges and extending well up into the little finger with fine quality felt. It has no heel pad, but is made extra long to protect the wrist. A similar glove, but made of black leather, is the Spalding No. RX, price of which is $3.00. A very popular style which has retained its popularity during the great many years that we have been manufacturing it is the No. 2X In- flelder's Glove, the price of which is $2.50. Spalding makes a special professional style glove. No. 2XS. at $2.50. A popular price glove in the professional style is the Spalding No. XL. at $1.50, and with heel pad made of white tanned leather. The Spalding No. XS, at $2.00, is very good value. The other full size gloves in the Spalding line are the No. X, at $1.50; No. 13, at $1.00; No. 15, at $1.00; No. 15L, at $1.5(1; No. 12, at 75 cents; No. 16, at 50 cents. Included in the Spalding line are a number of gloves of youths' size, which are well made of the same material as that used in the men's gloves, but made in the proper size and in the correct shape for youths and boys. These are the No. PXB Glove, similar in every way to the No. PX best men's glove, but in boy's size. The PXB costs $2.00 each. The next grade is the No. XB, in boy's size, similar in quality to the No. X. The No. XB costs $1.00. A special professional style boy's glove at a popular price is the No. 14, which costs 50 cents, and the cheapest boy's glove is the No. 19, at 25 cents. No. 4-0 No. 3-0 No. 2-0 When it comes to a Base Ball Mask catchers require an articlp that will give full protection, that will not be too heavy and that will feel comfortable when they are wearing it. Spalding has studied out the requirements of the Base Ball catcher in this par- ticular thoroughly and we know that the Spalding line of Base Ball Masks comprises styles that are right in every necessary requisite. The best grade made by Spalding is the No. 4-0, Sun Protecting Mask, the style that is used by practically all of the big League catchers. The price of the No. 4-0 is .$4.00. It has the patent sunshade which protects the eyes without obstructing the view, and is strongly made of best material throughout. The next style. No. 3-0, is very popular, and it affords alisolute protection to the neck without interfering in the slightest with free movements. The No. 3-0 costs $3.0 pqch- No 2-0 lar-e size. $6.00; No. 0, the popular League style. S&e?ch; No. l.^lmateur\tyle. $4.00 each; No. M, Interscholastic stvie and full size, $3.00 each; No. 2, youth's size $2.50 each. Spalding also makes two different styles of ""^P^^f^.J"^^ ^o s t he All of ^he umpire body protectors are made up specially to suit tne fndivYdual wishes of the umpire and it is "^^'^^^'^^ ,^'^^ Vide'" t is state how long the protector is to be made and how v,ide. it is also well, if possible, to send a paper diagram sboxsing th*^ J^^^^J size, so as to make certain of a proper fit The two styles or umpire body protectors that Spalding puts out thfe season are the n" C large size, at $10.0<), and the No. S, small size, at the same ^"r'Btle^all team really considering their reputation should not rest when ?hey bave fitted up the in^i^^ual Players properly but the ground should be properly equipped, and to do this there is no Ipv more certain than to purchase Spalding equipment. The bases SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. should be ronsidered first and of these SpahliiiR uiakes three dif- ferent styles: No. 0, of extra (juality canvas and (luilted, cost $6.00 per set of three; No. 1. not quilted, .$5.00 per set, and No. 2, No. S No. 2 also of canvas, $3.50 per set. In the home plates Spalding has two different styles, both of the proper shape and size, in accordance with league regulations, and the beet quality is the No. 1, made of SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. extra fine white ruliber. The price of the No. I Home Plate is $0.00 each. Spalding also has a very durable style of home plate made of composition, regulation size and shape. This is the No. C, which costs $5.00 complete with pins. In the Pitcher's Box Plates Spalding has the regulation size, made of white rubber complete with pins. This is the No. 3, at $7.00 each. Foul Flags made of bunting, 18x24 inches, in any color and with one letter stitched on each side, com- plete with 7-foot spearhead staff, cost $1.50 each. When it comes to Shoe Plates the same players that use Spalding shoes recognize the value that there is in Spalding Shoe Plates. They are well made, of the very best material, and will give excellent satisfaction. The styles furnished by Spalding are the No. 3-0 and No. 4-0, toe and heel plates, respectively, of razor steel, sharpened, which cost 50 cents per pair. The No. and No. 2-0 toe and heel plates, respec- tively, made of hardened steel, sharpened, at 25 cents per pair, and the No. 1 and No. IH, toe and heel plates, respectively, of good quality steel, sharpened, at 10 cents per pair. Then Spalding haa the Pitcher's Toe Plates, No. A, made of aluminum, at 25 cents, and No. B, Brass also 25 cents. Starting on their trip, or even If they have no traveling to do, it is generally necessary for a Base Ball team to have a bag in which the equipment of bats may be carried and in the Spalding line will be found bat bags to meet their requirements. The No. 2 style will hold twelve bats, made of heavy waterproof canvas and leather reinforced, costs $3.50 each. The No. 3 stvle, similar to the No. 2, but to hold only six bats, costs $2.00 each. For League clubs particularly and for clubs having a schedule requiring any amount of traveling, Spalding has a special club bat bag of heavy leather with galvanized iron ends. No. 7, the price of which is $30.00. This bag holds three dozen full size bats and it is made so strong that it is absolutely unbreakable, making certain that the bats and the bag will reach their destination safely, no matter how the bag is handled. Individual players sometimes need bat bags for their own particular bats and Spalding makes three styles of individual bat bags, No. 01, of sole leather, to hold two bats, cost $4.00; No. 02, of heavy water- proof canvas, with leather cap at both ends, cost $1.50, and No. 03, with leather cap at one end, cost $1.00. The No. 5 combined uni- form and bat bag is a popular style. It will hold a complete uni- form and has a compartment also to carry one bat. It is made of best canvas and costs $3.50. An individual uniform bag that is a very convenient shape and is pop'ilar with many players is the Spalding No. 4. at $2.50, made of best quality white canvas with two leather handles and strap-and-buckle fastenings. The roll form of uniform bag is the style that enables a player to carry his uniform without wrinkling it. Spalding makes two styles of uniform bags in this form; No. 1, of best canvas, costs $3.00, and No. 2, of fine bag leather, costs $6.00. Score books are made in a great variety of styles, but a club that wishes to keep the record of their games in proper shape purchases a Spalding score book, which is the same as used by the official re- porters, and are the most convenient and simplest for general use. Club size, with board covers. No. 4, for 30 games, costs $1.00; No. 5, with cloth cover, for 6i» games, costs $1.50; and the No. 7, with cloth cover, for 160 games, costs $3.00. In pocket size, the No. 2, with board cover, for 22 games, costs 25 cents, and the No. 1, with paper covers, for 7 games, costs 10 cents. Score cards cost 25 cents per dozen. For the umpire a very necessary article is a celluloid indicator, bv which he can keep a record, vrithout any trouble, of the balls and strikes. The Spalding Umpire Indicator No. costs 50 cents and is substantially made and is endorsed and used by all League umpires. For ordinary scoring another simple device is the Spalding Scoring Tablet, made of celluloid, and of a size so that it can be carried in the vest pocket- The Spalding Scoring Tablet No. 1 costs 25 cents. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. WHAT A BASE BALL PLAYER SHOULD WEAR ■^ -^ -^ X^ idf^ -^ -^ ^-w <^ -^ ^"W <^ '^ '^ A Base Ball player, in the eyes of the spectators at most games, is a hero. They would all like to be able to play as well as he does. He seems to possess in their eyes attributes that are different from the ordinary run of men. Is it not well, therefore, that this man, who is regarded as a hero, should appear before those who admire him in the best possible manner? He can only do so if he has on a neat uniform and is equipped as a Base Ball player should be: in an outfit that is suitable for the game he is playing. After the experi- ence of thirty years and over in catering to Base Ball players, Spalding knows pretty accurately what they require, and that is why newly organized teams go there in ever-increasing numbers to ask for advice as to the outtit that they should purchase. Spalding does not recom- mend to a young team an expensive outfit that would be suitable for a team on one of the big leagues. Spalding has outfits to suit teams connected with the prominent leagues, outfits for school and college teams, outfits for the semi-professional clubs, and still other outfits for the ordinary amateur clubs, and for the club composed of young boys who are ambitious to make as good a showing as possible and yet are not able to purchase the higher-priced uniforms. In fact, this season Spalding has gotten up a special Boy's Uniform that you will find listed in the Spalding Catalogue at $1.00 each. It would not be possible to furnish it at this price if It were not on account of the unequaled Spalding factory facilities. The best grade Spalding Uniform is the No. 0, which sells complete In single uniforms for $15.00, but where clubs purchase an entire outfit at one time the price is $12.50 per suit. No extra charge is made for lettering shirts with name of club nor for detachable sleeves, and striped stockings in stock colors are furnished at no extra charge, if preferred instead of plain stockings. If special colors are required In these striped stockings, however, an extra charge of 25 cents per pair is made, to cover the extra expense. This highest grade uniform is furnished in thirteen different colors. Including three special pat- terns which have been added to the line this season, and which are different from anything ever used before in a Base Ball Uniform. These special patterns include a very handsome red stripe, a green stripe and an attractive navy blue check. The regular line of plain colors include the following ten pattei'ns, which are similar to those Spalding has been furnishing in this grade uniform for the past few years. The next uniform in the Spalding line is similar to the No. 0, but lighter in weight, and is furnished in the same thirteen colors. This is the University Uniform, No. 1, price of which in single suits is $12.50 each, and when purchased at one time for a complete club outfit, nine players or more, the price is $10.00 per suit. The next grade uniform is the Interscholastic Uniform, No. 2, in which the three new patterns are not furnished, only the ten plain colors, similar in shade to the plain colors furnished in the No. and No. 1. The price for this uniform complete, purchased singly, is $10.00 each, and for a complete club outfit, nine uniforms or more, SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. the price is $8.00 each. No extra charge for h-ttcring shirts with name of club iior for detachable sleeves will be made on either the No. 1 or No. 2 grade uniforms, and striped stockings in st()ck colors will be furnished at no extra charge. Where special colors in striped stockings are required, an extra charge f()r same on an order for an entire team will be 25 cents per pair, to cover expense of getting out the special color. Spalding has on hand a special flannel, royal purple, dyed particu- larly for teams connected with the Order of Elks, and while it is not recommended that this he made up in solid color in suits, still it makes a beautiful combination as trimming on white flannel, and uniforms in the No. 1 and No. 2 qualities only can be trimmed with this purple trimming at no extra charge. For the past sea.son Spalding has been furnishing to some of the more prominent of the minor league teams on special order a h(>avy weight uniform made of very durable material and in attractive colors. The demand was increasing so much for this uniform that this season it is added to the regular line, and this is now known aa the No. M Minor League Uniform. The price for single uniforms is $9.00 each, and to clubs ordering for the entire team the price is $7.50 each. The uniform is furnished in four different colors: Navy Blue, Pearl Gray, Dark Gray and White only. No extra charge is made for lettering shirts with name of club nor for detachable sleeves and striped stockings in stock colors will be furnished at no extra charge, and for any special colors on an order for an entire team the extra charge for striped stockings will be 25 cents per pair. For amateur teams we recommend particularly the Spalding "Club Special," No. 3, Uniform, the price of which in single uniforms is $6.00 per suit, and the net price to clubs ordering for an entire team, $5.00 per suit. This uniform is furnished in five different colors: White, Blue Gray, Maroon, Navy Blue and Brown Gray. No extra charge will be made for lettering shirts with name of club nor for de- tachable sleeves, and striped stockings in stock colors will be fur- nished at no extra charge, if desired. Special colored striped stockings on team outfits will be charged for extra at 25 cents per pair, to cover cost of special striping. For the younger Base Ball players we recommend particularly the "Amateur Special" Uniform, No. 4, the price of which in single out- fits is $5.00 per suit, and to clubs ordering for an entire team, $4.00 per suit. This unifoim is furnished in six different colors: White. Light Gray, Maroon, Navy Blue and Green. No extra charge is made for lettering shirts with name of club nor for detachable sleeves, and striped stockings will be furnished in stock colors only, at no extra charge, but no special striped stockings will be furnished with this uniform. ,, ^^ _ A cheaper grade uniform for j'ouths is the Spalding Junior, No. 5, furnished in four colors: Maroon, Green, Blue Gray and Brown Mixed, and the price of which in single outfits is .$4.00 per suit, and to clubs ordering nine or more uniforms, $3. 1 ^ •DU Spalding Shirt, any style. Spalding Pants, any style. Spalding Cap, any style, Spalding Web Belt, leather Imed . Spalding Stockings, No. 3-0. \ No. 30 S Striped Stockings \ in stock colors furnished at L \ No Extra Charge if desired. \ I Special Colors Extra — with \ J single suit, 50c. per pair ; J J with order for entire team, ^l 25c. per pair. r A. C. SPALDING & BROS. I Send for Complete Catalogue of \ Stores in all large cities. I all Athletic Sports. \ See inside cover page of this book. The University Uniform No. 1 In workmanship and quality of material our University Uniform No. 1 is equal to our No. Uniform.but slightly lighter COLORS Same as No. O Uniform THE UNIVERSITY Uniform No. 1 . Complete, $12.50 Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team,.