^77 APPOMATTO 
 
 .<o7 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 DELIVERED BEFORE THE 
 
 ^ociety of the Army and f^avy of 
 the (Confederate ^tates 
 
 IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND, 
 
 On January 19th, 1894, at the Academ)- of Music, 
 Baltimore, Md,, 
 
 COLONEL CHARLES MARSHALL, 
 
 A. p. C. and Military Secretary to Gen'l R. B. LEE. 
 
 PRINTED BY THE SOCIETY. 
 
 PRESS OB* 
 
 GUGGENHEIMER, WElL & CO., BAI^TIMORE, 
 
 T894. 
 
aass_EAri 
 
 Book. 
 
 ^7 
 
PARTING OF GENERALS LEE AND JACKSON AT CHANCELLORSVILLE. 
 
APPOMATTOX. 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 DBLIVERED BEFOR.K THE 
 
 ^ociety of the P^xmj and f^avy of 
 the (Confederate ^t^tes 
 
 IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND, 
 
 On January 19th, 1894, at the Academy of Music, 
 Baltimore, Md,, 
 
 BY 
 
 COLONEL CHARLES MARSHALL, 
 
 A. D. C. and Military Secretary to Gen'l R. E. LfiE. 
 
 PRINTED BY THE SOCIETY. 
 
 PRESS 01!' 
 
 GUGGENHEIMER, WElly & CO., BAI,TIM0RE, 
 
 1894. 
 

 /<? 
 
 / 
 
JHE STORY OF APPOMATTOX, 
 
 COLONEL CHARLES MARSHALL. 
 
 When old soldiers and sailors meet for a talk about the 
 war, it must be admitted that they sometimes forget the 
 reverence due the divinity commonly spoken of as the God- 
 dess of Truth. 
 
 For my part, I have heard events that occurred under my 
 own eyes described in such a way that I failed to recognize 
 them. 
 
 - A distinguished Confederate officer who was dangerously 
 wounded in one of the battles in Virginia, but not having 
 lost consciousness remembered those who bore him from the 
 field, told me that if all the men who had claimed that they 
 assisted in that charitable work had been present in fact on 
 the occasion and had taken part in the engagement the odds 
 as to numbers would have been greatly in favor of the Con- 
 federate army. In fact, some of the war stories 1 have heard 
 remind me of an anecdote General Lee once told me of 
 General Zachary Taylor. 
 
 I was in General Lee's tent one day just before the battle 
 of Chancellorsville, when an officer who had been with a 
 scouting party came in with a report. The report was not 
 a little affected by the excitement that usually begins to be 
 felt when an engagement is impending, and did not in the 
 least understate the number of the enemy that the scouting 
 
4 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 party had seen. General Lee listened very quietly and at- 
 tentively to the narrative, which bore on its face evidence of 
 its own want of probability, though the narrator may have 
 believed it to be accurate. When the officer left the tent 
 General Lee said in his grave way : 
 
 ^'That report reminds me of something I heard General 
 Taylor say, when I was with his army in Mexico, before I 
 joined General Scott's, As we advanced into the interior of 
 the country, there were rumours of the approach of General 
 Santa Anna with an overwhelming force, and there was more 
 or less excitement and anxiety on the subject. No considerable 
 force of Mexicans had in fact been seen, and the alleged 
 army of Santa Anna was left to the imagination, which 
 always exaggerates the unknown and unseen. One day a 
 cavalry officer came to General Taylor and reported that he 
 had seen 20,000 Mexicans, with 250 pieces of artillery. Gen- 
 eral Taylor said to him : ' Captain, do you say that you saw 
 that force ? ' The captain asserted that he had seen it. 
 Thereupon General Taylor remarked : ' Captain, if you say 
 you saw it, of course I must believe it, but I would not have 
 believed it if I had seen it myself.' " 
 
 This tendency to exaggerate and invent in describing 
 events that excite great interest, and particularly such as ap- 
 peal to the feelings and passions of men, makes itself felt 
 long after the events have occurred, and impairs the value of 
 history. We do not yet know with certainty the facts of 
 the battle of Waterloo, and as to Chancellorsville and Get- 
 tysburg, although I witnessed both, I sometimes think, in 
 view of the absolutely irreconcilable accounts we have of 
 those two engagements, a Bishop Whately might readily 
 create historic doubts as to whether either was in fact fought. 
 
 I am the more impressed with the want of accuracy in 
 the accounts of military operations by my experience during 
 
APPOMATTOX. 5 
 
 the late war. It was my duty to prepare the reports of 
 General Lee under his directions. To do this, as he required 
 it to be done, I had first to read all the reports made by the 
 diflferent commanding" officers, who always forwarded the 
 reports of all their subordinates, down to company com- 
 manders. From all these 1 prepared a statement with great 
 detail, of course using such information as 1 possessed from 
 my personal knowledge and observation as a staff officer, 
 and from orders and correspondence. 
 
 One of the most difficult things I had to do was to recon- 
 cile the many conflicting accounts of the same affair. Some- 
 times this was impossible, and when the matter was impor- 
 tant enough to warrant it, 1 was required to visit the authors 
 of the conflicting reports or they were brought together and 
 required to reconcile or explain their respective narratives. 
 After exhausting every means to attain entire accuracy, a 
 more general report of the whole was prepared and sub- 
 mitted to General Lee, who made such corrections as he 
 thought proper, and directed the omission of such things as 
 he deemed unnecessary for a clear understanding of the 
 subject, and the report thus verified and corrected was then 
 written for his signature. 
 
 One who has had this experience can appreciate the 
 different ways in which the same thing presents itself to 
 different minds, especially when the description is written 
 long after the event, and in the midst of the distractions 
 incident to active service. Yet it is from such sources as 
 these that the details of military operations must be derived 
 by the historian. 
 
 If I may be permitted to dwell a little on this subject, I 
 desire to say that much of this confusion and contradiction 
 of statement is due to the fact that the narrators of such 
 things do not always confine themselves strictly to the state- 
 
 » 
 
■^ 
 
 6 APPOMATTOX. # 
 
 f 
 
 ment as to what they did themselves, but are much disposed 
 to include in their reports what they think was done or 
 omitted to be done by others. 
 
 I remember a striking illustration of this which occurred 
 during the battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
 Fighting on that occasion took place on the right and left 
 of the Confederate Army, its centre not having been 
 engaged at all. General Longstreet on the Confederate left 
 had repulsed the repeated attacks made on the troops posted 
 at the foot of Marye's Hill, and General Jackson had 
 repulsed the assault made on our right near Hamilton's 
 Crossing. The distance between the two scenes of combat 
 was between three and four miles. 
 
 In the afternoon I was sent to the right with an order 
 to General Jackson, and while looking for him I came 
 across General D. H. Hill, who commanded a division in 
 Jackson's corps. As soon as he saw me General Hill 
 exclaimed '' Well, it is just as usual. This corps does all 
 the fighting. Those fellows on the left haven't fired a shot 
 all day, except some little artillery firing." I oflPered, with 
 great respect, to bet the General a very large apple that 
 " the fellows on the left " could show two dead in their 
 front for every one that ''the fellows on the right " could 
 show. Nearly fifteen hundred Federal dead lay in front of 
 Marye's Hill, and General Hill did not know that there had 
 been any fighting there. 
 
 With the full knowledge of this tendency to error I now 
 present to you as accurately as I can the facts of the 
 surrender of General Lee at Appomattox, about which you 
 have asked me to talk to you on this occasion when we are 
 met to celebrate his birthday. 
 
 Had you not designated the subject of my remarks I 
 
 ight have chosen another for this occasion, but I confess 
 
APPOMATTOX. iH^r 7 
 
 that I know of no other event in his life which more 
 strongly illustrates some of the great qualities that adorned 
 his character. I shall present our great chieftain to you, 
 as well as I can, as he appeared under adverse fortunes, and 
 shall endeavor to show you how he bore himself. 
 
 I shall begin my narrative with the opening of the corre- 
 spondence between General Lee and General Grant. 
 
 After the disaster of Sailor's Creek, the army, reduced to 
 two corps under the command of General Longstreet and 
 General Gordan, moved through Farmville, where rations 
 were issued to some of the starving troops. A close pursuit 
 of the overwhelming army of General Grant made it neces- 
 sary to remove the wagon trains before all the men could be 
 supplied, and the remnant of the great Army of Northern 
 Virginia, exhausted by fight and starvation, moved in the 
 road to Appomattox Courthouse. On the afternoon of the 
 7th of April, 1865, General Grant sent to General Lee the 
 first letter. It read : — 
 
 April 7, 1865. 
 Gen. R. E. Lee, Commanding C. S. A. : 
 
 General — The result of the last week must convince you 
 of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the 
 Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is 
 so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the respon- 
 sibility of any further effusion of blood by asking of you 
 the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States 
 Army known as the Army of Northern Virginia. Very 
 respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General. 
 
 There was some difference of opinion among the general 
 officers as to the nature of the reply to be made to General 
 Grant's letter, some thinking that it was yet possible to save 
 
8 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 the remnant of the army. Finally, General Lee decided to 
 send the following answer to General Grant's letter : — 
 
 April 7, 1865. 
 General — 
 
 I have received your note of this date. Though not en- 
 tertaining the opinion you express of the hopelessness of 
 further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern 
 Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion 
 of blood, and therefore, before considering your proposition, 
 ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 R. E. Lee, General. 
 
 To Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant, Commanding Armies of the 
 United States. 
 
 The next day General Grant replied as follows : — 
 
 April 8, 1865. 
 Gen. R. E. Lee, Commanding C. S. A. : 
 
 General — Your note of last evening in reply to mine of 
 same date, asking the conditions on which I will accept the 
 surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, is just received. 
 In reply, I would say that, peace being my great desire, there 
 is but one condition that I insist upon, namely, that the men 
 and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up 
 arms again against the Government of the United States, 
 until properly exchanged. 
 
 I will meet you, or will designate officers to meet any 
 officers you name for the same purpose, at any point agree- 
 able to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms 
 upon which the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia 
 will be received. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General. 
 
APPOMATTOX. 9 
 
 It will be observed that General Grant, in this letter, 
 manifested that delicate consideration for his great adversary 
 which marked all his subsequent conduct toward him. He 
 offered to have the terms of the capitulation arranged by 
 officers to be appointed for the purpose by himself and 
 General Lee, thus sparing the latter the pain and mortifi- 
 cation of conducting personally the arrangements for the 
 surrender of his army. 
 
 I have no doubt that this proposition proceeded from the 
 sincere desire of General Grant to do all in his power to 
 spare the feelings of General Lee, but it is not unworthy of 
 remark that when Lord Cornwallis opened his correspon- 
 dence with General Washington, which ended in the surren- 
 der at Yorktown, his lordship proposed in his letter of Octo- 
 ber 17, 1781, "a cessation of hostilities for 24 hours, and 
 that two officers may be appointed by each side to meet 
 at Mr. Moore's house to settle terms for the surrender of the 
 posts of York and Gloucester." 
 
 In view of this letter, and of the fact that Cornwallis 
 declined to attend the ceremony of the surrender of his 
 army, deputing General O'Hara to represent him on that 
 occasion, it is very plain that his lordship shrunk from 
 sharing with his army the humiliation of surrender. 
 . General Grant's letter oifered General Lee an oppor- 
 tunity to avoid the trial to which the British commander 
 felt himself unequal. But General Lee was made of 
 different stuff. It is not without interest to recall what 
 General Lee's father, Light Horse Harry Lee, says of the 
 conduct of Cornwallis at Yorktown. 
 
 In '' Lee's (Light Horse Harry's) Memoirs of the War," 
 the author, who was a witness of all that occurred, says : 
 
 " Every eye was turned searching for the British Com- 
 mander-inXhief, anxious to look at that man, heretofore so 
 
10 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 much the object of their dread. All were disappointed. 
 Cornwallis held himself back from the humiliating scene, 
 obeying emotions which his great character ought to have 
 stifled. He had been unfortunate; not from any false step 
 or deficiency on his part, but from the infatuated policy of 
 his superior and the united power of his enemy brought to 
 bear upon him alone. There was nothing with which he 
 could reproach himself; there was nothing with which he 
 could reproach his brave and faithful army ; why not, then, 
 appear at its head in the day of its misfortune, as he had 
 always done in the day of triumph? The British general 
 in this instance deviated from his general line of conduct, 
 dimming the splendour of his long and brilliant career." 
 
 Little did the father think when he wrote these words 
 that he was marking the arduous path of duty along which 
 his son was one day to be called upon to walk. That son 
 was worthy of such a father and of such teaching. 
 
 As I said on another occasion : "Through the pain and 
 humiliation of his position his great career about to close 
 in defeat, and all that he had done about to be made 
 unavailing, he saw the path of duty and he trod it with as 
 firm a step and as brave a heart and as lofty a mien as if 
 it had been the Way of Triumph." 
 
 The march was continued during the 8th of April with 
 little interruption from the enemy, and in the evening we 
 halted near Appomattox Courthouse, General Lee intend- 
 ing to march by way of Campbell Courthouse, through 
 Pittsylvania county, toward Danville, with a view of open- 
 ing communication with the army of General Joseph E. 
 Johnston, then retreating before General Sherman through 
 North Carolina. General Lee's purpose was to unite with 
 General Johnston to attack Sherman or call Johnston to his 
 aid in resisting Grant, whichever might be found best. The 
 
APPOMATTOX. 11 
 
 exhausted troops were halted for rest on the evening of 
 the 8th of April near Appomattox Courthouse, and the 
 march was ordered to be resumed at 1 o'clock a. m. 1 can 
 convey a good idea of the condition of affairs by telling my 
 own experience. 
 
 When the army halted on the night of the 8th, General 
 Lee and his staff turned out of the road into a dense wood 
 to seek some rest. The General had a conference with 
 some of the principal officers, at which it was determined 
 to try to force our way the next morning with the troops 
 of Gordon, supported by the cavalry under General Fitz 
 Lee, the command of Longstreet bringing up the rear, with 
 my comrades of the staff, and staff officers of General 
 Longstreet and General Gordon, I sought a little much- 
 needed repose. 
 
 We lay upon the ground near the road, with our saddles 
 for pillows, our horses picketed near by, eating the bark of 
 trees for want of better provender, our faces covered with 
 the capes of our overcoats to keep out the night air. Soon 
 after 1 o'clock I was aroused by the sound of a column of 
 infantry marching along the road. We were so completely 
 surrounded by the swarming forces of General Grant that 
 at first when I awoke I thought the passing column might 
 be Federal soldiers. 
 
 I raised my head and listened intently. My doubts 
 were quickly dispelled. I recalled the order to resume the 
 march at that early hour and knew that the troops I heard 
 were moving forward to endeavour to force our way through 
 the lines of the enemy at Appomattox Courthouse. I soon 
 knew that the command that was passing consisted in part 
 at least of Hood's old Texas brigade. 
 
 It was called the Texas Brigade, although it was at 
 times composed in part of regiments from other States. 
 
12 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 Sometimes there was a Mississippi regiment* 'sometimes an 
 Arkansas regiment and sometimes a Georgia regiment 
 mingled with the Texans, but all the strangers called them- 
 selves Texans and all fought like Texans. 
 
 On this occasion I recognized these troops as they passed 
 along the road in the dead of night by hearing one of 
 them repeat the Texan version of a passage of Scripture 
 with which I was familiar — I mean with the Texan version. 
 You will readily recall the original text when 1 repeat the 
 Texan rendition of it that fell upon my ear as I lay in the 
 woods by the roadside that dark night. The version was 
 as follows : 
 
 "The race is not to them that's got 
 
 The longest legs to run, 
 Nor the battel to that peopel 
 
 That shoots the biggest gun. 
 
 This simple confession of faith assured me that the 
 immortal brigade of Hood's Texans was marching to battle 
 in the darkness. 
 
 Soon after they passed we were all astir and our bivouac 
 was at an end. We made our simple toilet, consisting 
 mainly of putting on our caps and saddling our horses. 
 We then proceeded to look for something to satisfy our 
 now ravenous appetites. 
 
 Somebody had a little cornmeal, and somebody else had 
 a tin can, such as is used to hold hot water for shaving. A 
 fire was kindled, and each man in his turn, according to 
 rank and seniority, made a can of cornmeal gruel and was 
 allowed to keep the can until the gruel became cool enough 
 to drink. General Lee, who reposed, as we had done, not 
 far from us, did not, as far as I remember, have even such 
 refreshments as I have described. 
 
APPOMATTOX. 13 
 
 This was our last meal in the Confederacy. Our next 
 was taken in the United States, and consisted mainly of a 
 generous portion of that noble American animal whose 
 strained relations with the great Chancellor of the German 
 Empire made it necessary at last for the President of the 
 United States to send an Ohio man to the Court of Berlin. 
 
 "Tantas componere lites." 
 
 As soon as we had all had our turn at the shaving can 
 we rode toward Appomattox Courthouse, when the sound 
 of guns announced that Gordon had already begun the 
 attempt to open the way. 
 
 He forced his way through the cavalry of the enemy only 
 to encounter a force of infantry far superior to his own 
 wearied and starving command. He informed General Lee 
 that it was impossible to advance further, and it became 
 evident that the end was at hand. 
 
 General Lee had replied to the letter of General Grant 
 of the 8th of April, which I have read, as follows : — 
 
 April 8, 1865. 
 
 To Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant, Commanding Armies 
 of the United States : 
 
 General— I received at a late hour your note of to-day. 
 In mine of yesterday I did not intend to propose the sur- 
 render of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the 
 terms of your proposition. To be frank, I do not think the 
 emergency has arisen to call for the surrender of this army ; 
 but as the restoration of peace should be the sole object of 
 all, I desire to know whether your proposals will lead to that 
 end. I cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to sur- 
 render the Army of Northern Virginia; but as far as your 
 proposal may affect the Confederate States' forces under 
 my command, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should 
 
14 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 be pleased to meet you at 10 a. m. to-morrow, on the old 
 stage road to Richmond, between the picket lines of the 
 two armies. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 R. E. Lee, General. 
 
 No reply to this letter had been received when early on 
 the morning- of April 9 General Lee arrived near Appo- 
 mattox Courthouse, which was occupied by the enemy. 
 
 According to the proposal contained in his letter to General 
 Grant of the 8th of April, General Lee, attended by myself, 
 and with one orderly, proceeded down the old stage road 
 to Richmond to meet General Grant, and while riding to 
 the rear for this purpose he received the message of General 
 Gordon that his andvance was impossible without reinforce- 
 ments. We rode through the rear guard of the army, com- 
 posed of the remnants of Longstreet's corps. They had 
 thrown up substantial breastworks of logs across the roads 
 leading to the rear, and cheered General Lee as he passed 
 in the way they had cheered many a time before. Their 
 confidence and enthusiasm were not one whit abated by 
 defeat, hunger and danger. It was lucky for the Secretary 
 of the Treasury that this rear guard was not permitted to 
 try its hand at increasing the pension roll with which he 
 is now struggling. Those men made no fraudulent pen- 
 sioners. When they were done with a man, he or his 
 representatives had an indisputable claim to a pension under 
 any kind of a pension law. But soon as General Lee 
 received the report of General Gordon as to the state of 
 affairs in front, he directed that officer to ask for a suspen- 
 sion of hostilities and proceeded at once to meet General 
 Grant, 
 
 General Lee, with an orderly in front bearing a flag of 
 truce, had proceeded but a short distance after passing 
 
APPOMATTOX. 15 
 
 through our rear guard when we came upon the skirmish 
 line of the enemy andvancing to the attack. 
 
 I went forward to meet a Federal officer who soon after- 
 ward made his appearance coming toward our party.. This 
 officer proved to be Lieutenant-Colonel Whittier of the 
 staff of the late General Humphreys, whose division was 
 immediately in our rear, and Colonel Whittier delivered to 
 me General Grant's reply to the letter of General Lee of 
 April 8, which I have read, declining to meet General Lee 
 to discuss the terms of a general pacification on the ground 
 that General Grant possessed no authority to deal with the 
 subject. 
 
 April 9, 1865. 
 
 To General R. E. Lee, Commanding C. S. A.: 
 
 General — Your note of yesterday is received. As I have 
 no authority to treat on the subject of peace, the meeting 
 proposed for 10 a. m. to-day could lead to no good. I will 
 state, however. General, that I am equally anxious for peace 
 with yourself, and the whole North entertains the same feel- 
 ing. The terms upon which peace can be had are well 
 understood. By the South laying down their arms they 
 will hasten that most desirable event, save thousands of 
 human lives and hundreds of millions of property not yet 
 destroyed. 
 
 Sincerely hoping that all our difficulties may be settled 
 without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself, very 
 respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General. 
 
 1 took this letter of General Grant back to General Lee, 
 who was a short distance from the spot, where I met 
 Colonel Whittier, and General Lee at once dictated the letter 
 
16 APPOVIATTOX. 
 
 of April 9 to General Grant, which I wrote and gave to 
 Colonel Whittier. That letter is as follows : — 
 
 Headquarters Army, Northern Virginia, 
 April 9, 1865. 
 
 Lieut. -Gen. U. S. Grant, Commanding- United States 
 Armies : 
 
 General — I received your note this morning in the picket 
 line, whither I had come to meet you and ascertain definitely 
 what terms were embraced in your proposition of yesterday 
 with reference to the surrender of this army. 
 
 I now request an interview in accordance with the offer 
 contained in your letter of yesterday for that purpose. 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 R. E Lee, General. 
 
 When I placed thii, letter in the hands of Colonel Whittier 
 I saw indications that the Federal troops in our immediate 
 front were advancing, and 1 knew that in a few minutes 
 they would meet the skirmishers of our rear guard. 1 knew 
 that if such a meeting occurred, to use a common expression, 
 " the fat would be in the fire," so far as a suspension of 
 hostilities was concerned, 
 
 I therefore told Colonel Whittier the purport of the letter 
 I had given him, and expressed the hope that hostihties 
 might be suspended until it could reach General Grant. 
 Colonel Whittier left me, taking General Lee's letter to 
 General Grant with him, and saying that he would answer 
 my request for a suspension of hostilities as soon as he could 
 submit it to his commanding officer. 
 
 He soon returne^-atrd told me that he had reported my 
 request that hostilities be suspended pending the correspond- 
 ence, but that he had been directed to say that an attack 
 
APPOMATTOX. 17 
 
 had been ordered, and that the officer in command of the 
 force in our rear had no discretion. He added that General 
 Grant had left General Meade some time before, and that 
 General Lee's letter could not reach him in time to receive 
 orders as to the intended attack. 
 
 I expressed my regret and asked him to request the officer 
 commanding the troops then moving to the attack to read 
 General Lee's letter to General Grant, saying that perhaps 
 that officer v/ould feel authorized under the circumstances 
 to suspend the movement and avoid the useless sacrifice of 
 life. 
 
 1 have said that as General Lee passed through his rear 
 guard on his way to the place where the conference I have 
 mentioned took place the men cheered him as of old. They 
 were the flower of the old Army of Northern Virginia, and 
 I felt quite sure that if the officer commanding the advanc- 
 ing Federal troops should consider himself bound by his 
 orders to refuse my request for a suspension of hostilities 
 until General Lee's letter could reach General Grant the 
 rear guard of the Army of Northern Virginia would secure 
 all the time necessary. 
 
 Colonel Whittier again returned to the Federal lines and 
 when he came back informed me that General Meade had 
 read the letter of General Lee and had agreed to suspend 
 operations for one hour. 
 
 General Lee then returned to the front and with General 
 Longstreet proceeded to a small orchard on the foot of the 
 hill on which the line of battle was formed, where he awaited 
 the reply of General Grant. He sent a formal request for a 
 suspension of hostilities into the Federal lines. As he was 
 much fatigued, a rude couch was prepared under an apple 
 tree, upon which he reclined until the approach of a flag of 
 truce from the Federal line in our front was announced. 
 
18 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 Soon afterwards Colonel Babcock of General Grant's 
 staff was conducted to the presence of General Lee and 
 delivered to him the following letter : — 
 
 April 9, 1865. 
 General R. E. Lee, Commanding Confederate States Armies. 
 Your note of this date is but this moment (11.59 a. m.) 
 received. In consequence of my having passed from the 
 Richmond and Lynchburg road to the Farmville and Lynch- 
 burg road, I am at this writing about four miles west of 
 Walker's Church, and will push forward to the front for the 
 purpose of meeting you. Notice sent to me on this road 
 where you wish the interview to take place will meet me. 
 
 U. S. Grant, Lieut.-General. 
 
 Colonel Babcock told General Lee that he had been sent 
 forward by General Grant with instructions to make any 
 arrangements for the meeting that General Lee desired 
 within the Federal or Confederate lines. 
 
 General Lee dirrected me to accompany him, with one 
 orderly, and immediately mounting his horse rode with 
 Colonel Babcock toward Appomattox Courthouse. 
 
 We passed through an infantry force in front of the 
 village, and General Lee directed me to find a suitable place 
 for the meeting. I rode forward and asked the first citizen 
 I met to direct me to a house suitable for the purpose. I 
 learned afterward that the citizen was Mr. McLean, who had 
 lived on the battle-field of Bull Run, but had removed to 
 Appomattox Courthouse to get out of the way of the war. 
 Mr. McLean conducted me to an unoccupied and unfurnished 
 house, in a very bad state of repair. I told him that it was 
 not suitable, and he then offered his own house, to which he 
 conducted me. 
 
APPOMATTOX. 19 
 
 I found a room suitable for the purpose in view and sent 
 back the orderly who had accompanied me to direct General 
 Lee and Colonel Babcock to the house. 
 
 They came in presently and Colonel Babcock said that, as 
 General Grant was approaching on the road in front of the 
 house, it would only be necessary for him to leave an 
 orderly to direct him to the place of meeting. 
 
 General Lee, Colonel Babcock and myself sat in the parlor 
 for about half an hour, when a large party of mounted men 
 arrived, and in a few minutes General Grant came into the 
 room, accompanied by his staff and a number of Federal 
 officers of rank, among whom was General Ord and Gen- 
 eral Sheridan. 
 
 General Grant greeted General Lee very civilly, and they 
 engaged for a short time about their former acquaintance 
 during the Mexican War. 
 
 Some other Federal officers took part in the conversation, 
 which was terminated by General Lee saying to General 
 Grant that he had come to discuss the terms of the surrender 
 of his army, as indicated in his note of that morning, and he 
 suggested to General Grant to reduce his proposition to 
 writing. 
 
 General Grant assented and Colonel Parker of his staff 
 moved a small table from the opposite side of the room and 
 placed it by General Grant, who sat facing General Lee. 
 
 When General Grant had written his letter in pencil he 
 took it to General Lee, who remained seated. 
 
 General Lee read the letter and called General Grant's 
 attention to the fact that he required the surrender of the 
 horses of the cavalry as if they were public horses. He told 
 General Grant that Confederate cavalrymen owned their 
 horses, and that they would need them for planting a spring 
 crop. General Grant at once accepted the suggestion and 
 
20 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 interlined the provision allowing the retention by the men 
 of the horses that belonged to them. 
 
 The terms of the letter having been agreed to, General 
 Grant directed Colonel Parker to make a copy of it in ink, 
 and General Lee directed me to write his acceptance. 
 
 Colonel Parker took the light table upon which General 
 Grant had been writing to the opposite corner of the room, 
 and 1 accompanied him. There was an inkstand in the room, 
 but the ink was so thick that it was of no use. I had a 
 small boxwood inkstand which I always carried, and I gave 
 it, with my pen, to Colonel Parker, who proceeded to copy 
 General Grant's letter. 
 
 While he was so engaged I sat near the end of the sofa on 
 which General Sheridan was sitting and we entered into 
 conversation. In the midst of it General Grant, who sat 
 nearly diagonally across the room and was talking with Gen- 
 eral Lee, turned to General Sheridan and said: 
 
 " General Sheridan, General Lee tells me that he has some 
 1,200 of our people prisoners, who are sharing with his men, 
 and that none of them have anything to eat. How many 
 rations can you spare?" 
 General Sheridan replied, " About 25,000." 
 General Grant turned to General Lee and said, ''General, 
 will that be enough ? " 
 General Lee replied. " More than enough." 
 Thereupon General Grant said to General Sheridan, 
 " Direct your commissary to send 25,000 rations to General 
 Lee's commissary." 
 
 ; General Sheridan at once sent an officer to give the 
 necessary orders. 
 
 When Colonel Parker had concluded the copying of 
 General Grant's letter 1 sat down at the same little table and 
 wrote General Lee's answer. 
 
APPOMATTOX. 21 
 
 I have yet in my possession the original draft of that 
 answer. It began : 
 
 " I have the honour to acknowledge." (General Lee 
 struck out those words and made the answer read as it now 
 appears. His reason was that the correspondence ought not 
 to appear as if he and General Grant were not in immediate 
 communication.) When General Grant had signed the 
 copy of his letter made by Colonel Parker and General Lee 
 had signed the answer, Colonel Parker handed to me Gen- 
 eral Grant's letter and I handed to him General Lee's reply 
 and the work was done. Some further conversation of a 
 general nature took place, in the course of which General 
 Grant said to General Lee that he had come to the meeting 
 as he was and without his sword, because he did not wish to 
 detain General Lee until he could send back to his wagons, 
 which were several miles away. 
 
 This was the only reference made by any one to the sub- 
 ject of dress on that occasion. 
 
 General Lee had prepared himself for the meeting with 
 more than usual care, and was in full uniform, wearing a 
 very handsome sword and sash. This was doubtless the 
 reason of General Grant's reference to himself. 
 
 At last General Lee took leave of General Grant, saying 
 that he would return to his headquarters and designate the 
 officers who were to act on our side in arranging the details 
 of the surrender. We mounted our horses, which the orderly 
 was holding in the yard, and rode away, a number of Fed- 
 eral officers standing on the porch in front of the house 
 looking at us. 
 
 When General Lee returned to his lines a large number of 
 men gathered around him, to whom he announced what had 
 taken place and the causes that had rendered the surrender 
 necessary. 
 
22 APPOMATTOX. 
 
 Great emotion was manifested by officers and men, but 
 love and sympathy for their commander mastered every 
 other feeling. 
 
 According to the report of the chief of ordnance less than 
 8,000 armed men surrendered exclusive of the cavalry. The 
 others who were present were unarmed, having been unable 
 to carry their arms from exhaustion and hunger. Many 
 had fallen from the ranks during the arduous march, and 
 unarmed men continued to arrive for several days after the 
 surrender, swelling the number of paroled prisoners greatly 
 beyond the actual effective force. 
 
 I have thus given you an exact narrative of the circum- 
 stances attending the surrender of General Lee's army, as 
 far as they fell under my observation. I have endeavoured 
 to give the facts as they occurred without comment and ex- 
 cluding everything not immediately connected with the 
 great event, believing that it possesses sufficient interest in 
 itself to render comment unnecessary, if not inappropriate. 
 
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