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AIKEN; 
 
 OR 
 
 CLIMATIC CURE, 
 
 BY 
 
 AMORY COFFIN, M. D., and W. H. GEDDINGS, M. D. 
 
 Man uermt als 2:rds.stes Gliick auf Erdeu 
 Gesund zu sein 
 Ich sage nein. 
 
 Ein gros-srs ist gesund zu werdeu. 
 
 (Inscription on Statute of Hygeia. ■ 
 
 CHARLESTON, S. C. 
 
 WALRER, EVANS & COGSWELL, PRINTERS^ 
 
 Nos. a Broad 4 109 East Bay 9t». 
 
 1869. 
 
 •^ 
 

INTRODUCTION". 
 
 As in days of yore, when a stranger of distinction 
 arrived at a fashionable watering place, it was the pleas- 
 ant duty of the master of ceremonies to wait upon him^ 
 offer him the amenities of the place, and introduce him 
 to its " lions," after which he made him acquainted with 
 the physician of the establishment, who inquired into 
 the nature of his ailments, and then, with more pro- 
 fessional seriousness, explained to the visitor the charac- 
 ter and action of the peculiar water or climate, its. 
 adaptability to his special complaint and the chances 
 he had of being benefited b}^ them ; so do we, the writ- 
 ers of this little pamphlet, purport, in its pages, in the 
 first place, to make our visitors more familiar with our 
 little town and its surroundings, and for our more in- 
 timate acquaintance, to tell them what we have been, 
 what we are and what we confidently hope to be ; and 
 in the second place, to show them what long experience 
 and investigation should lead us to expect from climate 
 in its different varieties, hosv this experience has been 
 confirmed or modified by more recent researches, to 
 explain to thcra the peculiar character of our o^vn cli- 
 mate, and let them infer, with, perhaps, the assistance 
 of their medical advisers, what good they are likely to 
 derive therefrom. 
 
 In composing the latter part of our work, we have 
 also wished to interest the attention of those of our 
 medical brethren, whose peculiar avocations, perhaps, 
 have not led them to pa}^ the subject that regardwhich 
 
b INTRODUCTION. 
 
 our constant contact with it and our conviction of its 
 importance force upon us. 
 
 In directing our remarks more especially to the in- 
 fluence of climate on Phthisis, we do not wish to be un- 
 derstood as confining its good effects to that disease, as 
 it is equally beneficial in many others, which are either 
 pulmonary in their seat, or asthenic in their nature, 
 such as chronic bronchitis or pneumonia, catarrhs of 
 various kinds, and slow convalescences from acute dis- 
 eases, — those convalescences which are so, imperfect as 
 never to obliterate the stamp of the original disease, if 
 left to accomplish themselves under unfavorable cir- 
 cumstances; but we have dwelt more on this disease 
 because of its great and rapidly increasing prevalence, 
 the great interest consequently attached to it, and our 
 convictions that we possess here a combination of cir- 
 cumstances constituting a climate calculated to influence 
 beneficially a large majority of consumptive cases. 
 
 Our lions are few and small, mere sucking doves — 
 "Poor things, sirs, but our own." But our climate, we 
 will venture to assert and endeavor to prove, is unsur- 
 passed, at least on this continent, by the good effects it 
 produces in very many cases, in some of them perhaps 
 only prolonging life, in others effecting a restoration to 
 that most blessed condition, Health. 
 
HISTORY, 
 
 It may bo interesting to go back a few decades and 
 recall the history of our little town. In 1829 the 
 Charleston and Hamburg Canal and Railroad Com- 
 pany, the first to introduce the locomotive on the 
 American continent, obtained a charter for the purpose 
 of building a railway from Charleston, on the seaboard, 
 to Hamburg, at the head of navigation of the Savannah 
 River. 
 
 The idea of a railroad one hundred and thirt^'-'Six 
 miles long was at that time so stupendous that the 
 canal feature had to be adopted to mitigate it to men's 
 minds. The fact seems ridiculous at the present day, 
 but we, who tell it, well remember the pride and exulta- 
 tion at the successful completion of the road, not very 
 long after that of the Liverpool and Manchester Rail- 
 way, old Stephenson's great pioneer work. 
 
 In avoiding the streams, a rather circuitous route was 
 followed, which brought the road to the head of the 
 water-shed, between the Savannah and Edisto Rivers. 
 Thence, to reach the banks of the river, it was at that 
 time thought necessary to descend a steep incline by 
 means of a stationary engine. 
 
 The dry, sandy plain at? the top of this incline was 
 deemed a suitable situation for a toj^vn, merely regarded 
 in the light of a trading place, for-the purchase of the 
 moderate quantity of cotton and corn produced in the 
 neighborhood for shipment to Charleston, which pre- 
 
8 HISTORY. 
 
 vioiisly took the long way of Augusta, and down the 
 river to Savannah. 
 
 In order to further this plan the owners of the land, 
 with sagacious foresight, granted a quantity of it to 
 the company, provided a depot should be established 
 there. In 1833 the town was laid out, and named by 
 the company Aiken, in honor of William Aiken, its first 
 president. 
 
 The hopes of the projectors were soon realized. 
 Houses were built and stores were opened, which 
 carried on such a flourishing trade with the farmers and 
 planters of the country, that the Bank of the State 
 found it necessary to establish a branch in order to 
 meet the wants of the business community. 
 
 The building used for banking purposes, now a lawyer's 
 office, is situated on Main street, and is solely remarka- 
 ble for being the only brick building in this vicinity. 
 This prosperous and pleasant condition of things lasted 
 until the year 1837, when a series of reverses was 
 suffered. At first fire did its work by consuming 
 nearly the whole of the business portion of the town. 
 The legend accounting for the origin of the fire runs 
 that a young man, clerk or storekeeper, possessed by 
 more partiality for puppies than prudence for property, 
 in attempting to smoke out a nest of yellow jackets, 
 which were inimcial to his canine pets, set fire acci- 
 dentally to one of the stores. The flames spread rapidly 
 from one to another of the houses, built of inflammable 
 dry pine wood, and in a few hours the whole street was 
 only a mass of ashes. From this calamity the young 
 community recovered slowly, owing to the troubles pro- 
 duced by overbanking in Nicholas Biddle's attempt to 
 bolster his United States Bank. The effects of the crash 
 were felt even in this remote corner of the world. 
 
iirsTOiiY. y 
 
 It was not for many years, indeed not until the san_ 
 atory nature of its climate became gradually known, 
 that it commenced its work oi:«recuperation. It was at 
 first resorted to in summer by invalids from Charleston 
 and the seacoast. The marked beneficial influence 
 exercised by its dry, tonic air on those suffering from 
 ^ afl:ections of the lungs, and on convalescents from long, 
 tedious diseases, soon made it a resort for such. There 
 are several of our most prominent and useful citizens 
 who are still alive, who seemed to be rescued from im- 
 minent death by its preservative efi'ects. About 1845 
 or 1846 an eftbrt was made to have its virtues known in 
 the Northern parts of the Union, as a great want was 
 felt for a place of resort possessing more tonic proper- 
 ties than the mild but debilitating climates of Cuba and 
 Florida. The more Consumption is acknowledged to be 
 a disease of general debility, and not one of mere local 
 import as affecting the lungs, the more importance will 
 be attached in the selection of a sanatory climate, to 
 * the dryness and tonic action of the atmosphere, than 
 to mere warmth and mildness. Until the breaking out 
 of the war, Aiken was becoming more and more a place 
 of resort for invalids from the North in winter. Since 
 the restoration of peace it has had again to make a 
 name for itself, and this it seems to have done very 
 rapidlj^, as the number of visitors has increased very 
 largely every yeixr. 
 
 In 1852 the locomotive, anticipating in a small way 
 that spirit which, in later years, has led it to prefer 
 burrowing through the substance of mountains, to 
 climbing their summit, deserted the slow and tedious 
 inclined plane, and had an easier way made for itself 
 through the hills. The deserted track has been de- 
 graded into a common sewer, and now serves as a drain 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 to cany off the superfluous rain water from the town. 
 After our American custom, the hotel rises \vith the 
 town. A small two-story building, on the site of the 
 present hotel, served as a breakfast house for passen- 
 gers from Augusta to Charleston, and to accommodate 
 visitors. This was soon found insuflicient ; other build- 
 ings were added and joined on, with more regard to 
 space than symmetrj^, until the interior, with its long 
 passages, its steps up, and its steps down, and the turn- 
 ings one had to make to arrive at a particular room, up 
 narrow staircases and along dark corridors, resembled 
 more that of an old English inn than a modern Ameri- 
 can structure. In 1854 the building, which now consti- 
 tutes the hotel, was added on to the western end as a 
 kind of wing to meet the increased demand for accom- 
 modation. During the war this lai-ge rookery was 
 inhabited by a great number of families who had taken 
 refuge in Aiken from the dangers of the war, which 
 was so actively carried on in Charleston and all along 
 the coast, or had been evicted from their homes, which 
 had fallen into the hands of the enemy. After the war 
 it was occupied by United States soldiers as barracks, 
 and finally the old part was torn down and the prem- 
 ises put in their present condition by the i)roprietor, 
 Mr. Gregg, as soon as the influx of visitors made such 
 a proceeding a probable profit. Another hotel was 
 erected some time after this first, on the brow of a hill 
 commanding an extensive view, at the head of the 
 above-mentioned inclined plane. This was burned 
 down in 1850, while filled with guests, all of whom 
 luckily escai^ed unharmed. The site, a very eligible 
 one, was, on account of the dilficulty of obtaining titles 
 to the land, not built on again, but remained vacant 
 until lately, when it Avas selected by Dr. Eockwell as 
 
HISTORY. 11 
 
 the most suitable spot on which to place his Sanato- 
 rium, the buildings of which are now in course of 
 erection, and will doubtless be shortly finished. This 
 promises to be an extensive and very tasteful structure, 
 and a great ornament to the town. 
 
 Before '-our late little unpleasantness," Aiken was 
 the resort of two sets of visitors; wealthy planters 
 from the coast districts found it a pleasa-nt and conve- 
 nient refuge from the malaria of the plantations, and 
 built their summer cottages on choice situations, within 
 a mile or two of the village, and no sooner had the 
 frosts of autumn allowed them to return to their 
 country homes than the tide of pulmonary invalids 
 from the JSTorth set in, and we have known these frosts 
 so late in occurring that, yellow fever being then in 
 Charleston, the second tide has come in before the first 
 could retire, and the consequence was a perfect inunda- 
 tion. This, however, was before stern poverty had 
 obliged private families to open their houses for the 
 reception of boarders. Almost all the occupants o 
 these summer houses now help out a much diminished 
 income in this manner; and visitors, instead of being 
 obliged to put up at common boarding houses, have the 
 advantage of becoming inmates of educated and refined 
 circles. This the Northerners seem to appreciate highly, 
 and much mutual esteem and friendship have thus been 
 generated. 
 
 In 18G5 Sherman's invading army, on its way to 
 Columbia, passed about five miles to the south of Aiken, 
 and Kilpatrick with his cavalry made a diversion 
 towards the manufacturing towns of Graniteville and 
 Yaucluse. At Aiken he was met by Confederate cav- 
 alry under General Wheeler, repulsed with some loss, 
 and driven down the line of railroad back to the main 
 
12 Early Period of Reconstruction in South Carolina. [ 12 
 
 by the Union forces, as was also the town of Beaufort, the 
 chief local center. Somewhat later, the whole district lying 
 between the Combahee and Savannah rivers, together with 
 all the sea islands, fell into the hands of the Federals and 
 was held by them unmolested until the close of the war. 
 
 In many respects this part of South Carolina fared worse 
 than any other in the State. It was the richest agricultural 
 district, being the chief section devoted to the production of 
 fine long-stapled sea-island cotton, and containing, besides, 
 extensive rice fields. It was also the largest slave-holding 
 parish in the State, the slaves numbering 32,000." Many of 
 the wealthiest planters of South Carolina had their summer 
 residences at Beaufort and on the islands, while throughout 
 the section were to be found the homes of families repre- 
 senting the pride of Southern aristocracy. Upon the cap- 
 ture of the islands the white people retreated inland, and 
 the forcibly abandoned farms were for the time confiscated 
 and turned over to the negroes.^ It was practically no better 
 on the main land. Beaufort became a " deserted village " 
 so far as its former white residents were concerned. Early 
 in June, 1863, Colonel Montgomery, with five companies of 
 a negro regiment, started from Beaufort and made an expe- 
 dition about twenty miles up the Combahee river. General 
 devastation seems to have been the chief object of the expe- 
 dition. All the slaves at work on the plantations, about 800, 
 were taken to Beaufort ; and squads of colored soldiers were 
 sent in various directions to burn buildings, and secure 
 provisions and other property. One account states that 
 every house, barn or other building belonging to any known 
 secessionist was burned, and all the portable property of 
 value carried off. In this way, several rice mills and nu- 
 merous storehouses filled with rice and cotton were burned. 
 One storehouse that was fired contained two years' crops of 
 rice, and another, $10,000 worth of cotton. The burning of 
 
 " Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia, 1861, p. 298. 
 
 ^ South Carolina correspondence to New York Tribune, Jan. 27, 
 1864. 
 
13] Introduction. 13 
 
 twenty-five buildings, many of them containing immense 
 quantities of rice, was credited to one company alone. The 
 locks, by which the plantations were irrigated, were broken, 
 causing the rice fields to be flooded and the young crop to be 
 destroyed. Large quantities of household furniture were 
 brought away as trophies of the expedition. The same ac- 
 count also gives this further information : " About the 
 same time that the above raid was made, Colonel Barton, 
 with a large, picked force, made an expedition on three 
 steamers to the village of Bluffton. The village was cap- 
 tured with but little opposition, and burned to the ground, 
 only one building, a church, being spared." ' 
 
 The district that thus fell into the hands of the Federals 
 comprised the principal area in South Carolina that came 
 under the sway of the Union authorities. Aside from the 
 bombardment of Charleston, already mentioned, no further 
 military operations of importance took place in South Caro- 
 lina till the beginning of 1865. The regular State govern- 
 ment held control of almost all of the State and continued 
 in practically undisturbed operation through the war." Thus 
 South Carolina, unlike most of the Southern States, main- 
 tained without serious molestation, her status as a Confed- 
 erate commonwealth about as long as the Confederacy lasted. 
 
 The Federal policy of invasion having been by land rather 
 than by water. South Carolina, by her geographical posi- 
 tion, was practically free from the presence of Union sol- 
 diers until near the collapse of the Confederacy. Hence 
 there wxre few problems in local government growing out 
 of military occupation, such as there were in the States of 
 Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The trend of mili- 
 tary affairs indicated clearly that the war was almost over 
 when General Sherman completed his raid through South 
 Carolina and passed into North Carolina, there to meet and 
 dictate terms of capitulation to General Johnston. In the 
 
 * Appleton's Animal Cyclopedia, 1864, p. 824. 
 ' Ibid., p. 725. 
 
14 POSITION AND APPEARANCE. 
 
 now presents rather an uncouth appearance. Two lots 
 laid vacant by fire, the piles of bricks only indicating 
 where the pleasant-looking houses once stood ; the 
 mounds of red clay, looking like earthworks on a small 
 scale, thrown up from the old track, which is now used 
 as a drain for the town, are rather unsightly. Besides 
 which there are several old ruinous houses, which the 
 commencing march of improvement has not 3^et reached 
 to remove or reconstruct. But there are one or two 
 redeeming features on it. The large, cheerful-looking 
 dwelling, erected by Mr. Chapman, now owned and 
 occupied by Hon. Zephaniah Piatt, District Judge, Mr. 
 McGeorge's tasteful and roomy residence, and the 
 Eoman Catholic Chapel, a pretty building in course of 
 construction, are on this street. The blots above-men- 
 tioned will be soon obliterated by the erection of new 
 houses, and the carting away of the earth for the pur- 
 pose of filling up of low places. We now reach the 
 main street, where all the trade of the town with the 
 neighboring country is carried on. The shops, though 
 most of them are low, one-story buildings, are well 
 stocked with a variety of goods. 
 
 The larger portion of the town is situated on this 
 side of the railroad, as the more level character of the 
 ground adapted it better for business purposes. The 
 greater number of summer residences lie, however, 
 scattered about on the points and promontories over- 
 looking the more broken ground on the south side. On 
 nearly all, however, with the exception of the more 
 recently erected structures, the evidences of enforced 
 neglect, resulting from the poverty consequent on the 
 disastrous results of the war, are visible in the absence 
 of paint, whitewash, repair, and that general neatness 
 to which the visitor from the North is accustomed at 
 
POSITION AND APPEARANCE. 15 
 
 home, and the want of which strikes him at first dis- 
 agreeably. This impression, however, is not lasting, 
 and wears off under the influence of the genuine hos- 
 pitality with which he is treated, and the kindly feel- 
 ings thereby generated. We must confess, however, 
 that we are well aware of our deficiencies in this 
 respect, and are making strong efforts to do away with 
 them. We feel bitterly how much we are cramped by 
 Avant of means to carry out the improvements we have 
 in contemplation, for we know how pleasant our little 
 village could be made to our friends, " if to do were as 
 easy as to know what to do." 
 
 The municipal authorities have not been idle in this 
 matter. They have organized a board, composed of 
 gentlemen of the town, for the purpose of suggesting 
 and superintending imi3rovements, of contributing as 
 much as lies in their power towards the comfort of the 
 invalids, and of furnishing them with such information 
 as they may require. Among other things tending 
 towards this latter object, their scope of action com- 
 prises the keeping a register of arrivals, and a list of 
 vacant rooms and houses, their clerk being ready to 
 answer any communication by letter inquiring about 
 terms of board, etc.; further than this, any individual 
 member of the board will be glad to furnish informa- 
 tion and to contribute his special services. Among 
 other objects which they have in view are the improve- 
 ment of the favorite walks, and the erection of seats 
 under the trees and in shady spots, so that the invalid 
 may extend his walk, being sure of a comfortable place 
 to rest without being obliged to return to his home for 
 that purpose, and the formation of a park in grounds 
 already granted, besides the erection of a casino, or 
 place of resort, where visitors can meet, read the 
 papers, have a social chat, etc., etc. 
 
16 POSITION AND APPEARANCE RELIGIOUS. 
 
 To cany out all these schemes money is required. 
 Our own resources arc limited — very limited. The 
 smallness of our population, and their Avant of means, 
 prevent our entertaining the hope of raising a sufficient 
 sum among ourselves for that purpose. We therefore 
 find ourselves compelled to appeal to the liberality of 
 those, for whose benefit they are principally intended, 
 to assist us in our endeavors. In doing so we find our- 
 selves not without precedent. At European watering 
 places a compulsory " cure-tax " is imposed on visitors 
 for the maintenance of a band of music, keeping the 
 grounds in order, and other necessary expenses. This 
 is always cheerfull}^ paid, as the payer knows that it is 
 expended for his benefit and amusement. We are con- 
 fident that a voluntary contribution will be agreed to 
 and maintained with at least equal and even greater 
 alacrity and liberality. If our appeal is responded to 
 in the generous manner which we have a right to 
 expect from the character of our visitors, we propose 
 not only to lay out our }>ark and erect our casino, but 
 also to support a band of music for their delectation. 
 It must not be supposed that we have been entirely 
 supine. Since last winter some new houses have been 
 erected, more repaired, repainted, and made generally 
 more presentable to company, and we do not doubt but 
 that the spirit of improvement will rapidly increase, if 
 it were only from the fact of one man being unwilling 
 to be outstripped by his neighbor even in the appear- 
 ance of his house or store. 
 
 EELIGIOUS. 
 
 We can boast of five churches, representing as many 
 religious denominations. On Richland street, the Bap- 
 tist, the oldest, is served by the Rev. Lucius Cuthbert, 
 and the Methodist by Rev. A. Walker. These two are 
 
RELIGIOUS — MEDICAL. 17 
 
 next to each other. Higher np we come to the Epis- 
 copal Church, the Eector of which is the Eev. E. S. 
 Edgerton. The Eoman Catholic Chapel and Presbyte- 
 rian Church are on Eailroad avenue. The former of 
 these is still in course of construction, and will be com- 
 pleted about the first of January. The latter is with- 
 out a resident pastor, but is occasionally served by a 
 minister from Charleston. 
 
 In these churches the seats are all free, with the 
 exception of the Episcopal, in which the pews are 
 rented out at so much a month, and the proceeds 
 appropriated to the support of the Eector. 
 
 MEDICAL. 
 
 Erora the description of the religious to that of the 
 medical element of the town, the transition is easy; 
 but we, the writers, being ourselves among the physi- 
 cians, cannot be expected to say anything more of our- 
 selves than that most of us have received a scientific 
 European or Northern education, and have necessaril}^ 
 had much experience in pulmonary disease.. The fol- 
 lowing gentlemen constitute the medical stafi" of the 
 town : Drs. W. F. Pcrcival, P. G. Eockwell, (in charge 
 of Sanatorium,) S. MuUer, Amorj^ Coffin, and W. II. 
 Cleddings. 
 
 The peculiar necessities of the place, containing so 
 many invalids accustomed to the refinements of a 
 scientific practice, induce and oblige our apothecaries, 
 Messrs. Wood & Co., and Mr. W. 11. Ilarbers, to keep 
 on hand a choicer and fuller stock of medicines than is 
 found, as a rule, in small towns. 
 
 Those of our visitors who may require their teeth 
 and dental arrangements attended to, will, we are sure, 
 
18 WALKS, DRIVES AND AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 be quite satisfied with the skill and scientific acquire- 
 ments of our friend Dr. James M. Day. 
 
 WALKS, DJIIYES AND AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 The more recent observations on Phthisis, carefully 
 conducted experiments, and our own experience, con- 
 firm the time-honored prepossession in favor of a life led 
 as much as possible in the open air. While carefully 
 warning our patients against the injurious effects of 
 over fatigue, we would perforce turn every one of them, 
 who was not too weak, out of doors every day that it 
 did not actually rain, and even the weak ones gain 
 strength, inhaling the uncontaminated fresh air, seated 
 under some tree, with nothing overhead but the clear 
 sky and the bright sun. But for those who are able to 
 take longer walks, without the much to be deprecated 
 over fatigue, the exercise doubtless is beneficial, as 
 improving the appetite and assisting digestion, besides 
 avoiding the injurious effects of the emiui inseparable 
 from a monotonous stay in the house. And our climate 
 is above all things remarkable for the rapid drying of 
 the ground, so much so that after the heaviest rains 
 the invalid is not detained at home by the fear of get- 
 ting his feet wet. We will, for his guidance, enumerate 
 one or two of the pleasantest of these rambles. The 
 first is to the Coker Spring, about fifteen minutes' walk 
 from the Eailroad avenue, along a broad, well-travelled 
 road. At the end of his walk, in a pleasant valley, he 
 will find the spring (named after the original owner of 
 the adjacent lands) in an inclosure meant to protect it 
 against the destructive propensities of rambling swine, 
 etc. The water of the spring is simply limpid and 
 cool, possessing no medicinal qualities whatever, but 
 well charged with fixed air, and containing the slightest 
 
WALKS, DRIVES AND AMUSEMENTS. 19 
 
 trace of soda. Extending his walk for ten minutes 
 longer, the pedestrian comes to the picturesque little 
 valley in which is situated the Calico Spring, so named 
 from the abundance of the beautiful calico bush or 
 laurel, {Kalmia latifolia,) which line the steep hill-sides. 
 Following the path up the valley, we reach the jDretty 
 little spring, still presenting its natural picturesque 
 appearance, and overhung in the spring by large 
 bushes of azaleas, kalmias, and other flowering shrubs. 
 
 Eetracing our steps, we return to the Coker Spring, 
 where we can, if weary, refresh ourselves by a warm 
 bath and a cup of "Bouillon," at the establishment of 
 Mr. Gerner, which is attached to the spring. A ramble 
 through the pine woods to the north and northeast of 
 the town is rendered pleasant by the peculiar balsamic 
 fragrance of the leaves of the pine trees. A large 
 grove of these pines exists to the west of Dr. Eock- 
 well's Sanatorium, and, when walks are made through 
 it, will constitute a very pleasant and healthy prome- 
 nade. Air impregnated with this aroma of the pine is 
 particularly grateful to delicate lungs, and has been 
 lauded from time immemorial as an important adjuvant 
 in the climatic treatment of pulmonary affections. 
 
 Those who are geologically curious will find interest 
 in the singular formations and strata laid bare by the 
 railroad cuttings. In the winter the tall evergreen 
 pines predominate over the leafless deciduous trees and 
 shrubs, but, as soon as the spring opens, the woods are 
 full of the greatest variety of wild flowers, giving 
 interesting occupation to the student of botany. CrjqD- 
 togaraous plants are naturally not as abundant, cither 
 as individuals or species, as in moister climates ; still 
 there are enough of them to reward the collector for 
 his search. 
 
20 WALKS, duives and amusement?. 
 
 To those who prefer taking carriage or horseback 
 exercise, the Kvery stables of Staubes or Wimberly will 
 furnish comfortable carriages and buggies, and good 
 saddle horses, and the country around some pleasant 
 drives and rides. 
 
 The first and shortest of these is the drive to a 
 small and pretty settlement of gentlemen's houses, 
 about two miles from Aiken, on the road to Granite- 
 ville. The name of this little burg is Kalmia, and a 
 visit to the highly cultivated, terraced grounds and 
 garden of choice flowers of one of the houses fully 
 compensates for the rough up and down hill drive. 
 
 Three miles further on, over an equally uneven road, 
 we come to Graniteville. Before we reach it, however^ 
 we must stop for a little while on the top of the Chalk 
 Hill to admire the extensive prospect of the valley of 
 Horse Creek. To the right is a view of seemingly 
 interminable forests of tall pine, v>^ith hills in the dis- 
 tance; below us, sleeping placidly in the sunshine, like 
 two small lakes, are the two reservoirs that feed the 
 canal furnishing water power to the mills, and right 
 beneath us, on the banks of the small river, is the 
 manufacturing village. Turning into a road on the left 
 we are led to the neatly kept cemetery ; from the 
 height on which this is situated we see down the valley 
 a far distance towards Augusta, and in the middle 
 ground we perceive the village of Kalmia Mills, the 
 mills themselves l3^ing idle for want of capital to run 
 them. The present owners being only capitalists who 
 have invested money in this shape, they are in the 
 market for sale, and we expect will not long remain 
 without a purchaser. 
 
 But the little beehive below us is the very reverse 
 of idle. As we descend to it we begin to perceive 
 
WALKS, DRIVES AND AMUSEMENTS, 21 
 
 that it is a live place. The noise of the wheels, the 
 hum of the *machiaery, the preoccupied business air 
 of those you meet, the regularity and neatness of 
 the streets and houses with their bright flower 
 gardens in front, remind the visitors more of the 
 villages of their Northern home. This factory was 
 founded in 1845, by the late Mr. Wm. Gregg, to whose 
 energy and prudent foresight it owes its long career of 
 prosperity. We feel it necessary to warn those whose 
 lungs are delicate against staying any time in those 
 parts of the mill where fine particles of lint and dust 
 are floating in the atmosphere. A morning or after- 
 noon spent in a visit to G-raniteville is always remem- 
 bered with pleasure. 
 
 The nearness of Augusta, (seventeen miles,) and the 
 facility with which it is reached, a train running each 
 way four times a day, makes a trip there a pleasant 
 break in the uniformity of invalid life. The accom- 
 modation or local train, which leaves at 7:45 and 
 returns at 6:30, is the one usually taken by those who 
 go there on a pleasure excursion. It is a cheerful, 
 pretty town. Main street being alive with busy swarms, 
 and the more retired streets, quite broad and well 
 planted with elms, contain houses indicating more than 
 an usual degree of taste and wealth. This is accounted 
 for by the fact of Augusta not having been injured to 
 any degree by the war, and having advanced steadily 
 in prosperity ever since. 
 
 And now that we have been entertaining our readers 
 so long with this gossipy chat about ourselves, intro- 
 ducing ourselves to them, and making them better 
 acquainted ;vvith us, we would beg those of them who 
 are invalids, or who wish to acquire information on the 
 subject, to accompany us while, in a more serious mood, 
 2 
 
ZZ INVALIDS CONSUMPTION. 
 
 we turn the conversation on themselves, and endeavor 
 to explain to them the light that the most recent inves- 
 tigations have thrown upon the nature of their affec- 
 tion, what advances science has made in opposing and 
 retarding its progress, and what beneficial effect they 
 may expect from our peculiar climate. 
 
 From its universal prevalence throughout the world, 
 sparing neither age nor sex, respecting neither class 
 nor condition, seizing with unpitying impartiality the 
 young and the old, the princely merchant and the poor 
 mechanic, the beautiful drawing-room belle and the 
 humble factor}^ girl, but electing for its favorite victims 
 the brightest and most interesting members of a family, 
 the question of the nature and treatment of Consuynp- 
 tion has, perhaps, engaged the attention of physicians 
 more generally than any other in the whole domain of 
 medical science. Its prevalence may be determined by 
 statistics showing the rate of mortality in proportion 
 to the population and to that from other diseases. 
 Thus we find that one-seventh of all the deaths through- 
 out the world are due to Consumption. In the United 
 States, in the years 1859-'60, the number of deaths 
 from Consumption was 49,082, being in the proportion 
 of 13.79 per cent, to that from all other diseases. These 
 numbers give us some idea of the enormous amount of 
 those who are attacked by the disease, and have very 
 naturally directed the attention of medical men to the 
 ascertainment of its nature, and the discovery and 
 application of some specific remedy for its cure. For 
 centuries back, every few years some new Archimedes 
 starts up, and cries out to all the people, " I have found 
 it," and for awhile the people believe him, and miracu- 
 lous cures are effected and published to the world. But 
 alas ! ,the new remedy fails to stand the test of time 
 
INVALIDS CONSUMPTION. 23 
 
 and of crucial scientific examination. Undaunted by 
 their failures, medical men still continue their endeavors 
 to combat the insidious foe. Experiment upon experi- 
 ment is tried with the hope of discovering some specific 
 capable of arresting its terrible march. But as far as 
 internal drug-medication is concerned, but little haj^ 
 been done, and, in this respect, we are to-day nearly as 
 powerless as we were a hundred years ago. We would 
 not make this confession without much mortification, if 
 we could not, with some degree of gratification, point 
 to the results obtained by the more philosophic appli- 
 cation of other agents, aixd a more judicious selection 
 of the particular climate suited to each case, which 
 promises to replace the indiscriminate sending abroad, 
 or "going South," which has so injudiciously obtained 
 hitherto. In order to determine what climate is best 
 adapted to the restoration of an invalid from any par- 
 ticular disease, it is but natural that we should com- 
 mence our inquiry as to the localities in which that 
 disease is least prevalent among the native population, 
 and to ascertain what conditions procure for them that 
 exemption. 
 
 In applying this process to the disease in question, 
 our investigations show it to be universal, with the 
 single exception to prove the rule. Wherever man 
 is, there is Consumption, but in varying quantity. 
 These variations occur sometimes to a great degree in 
 situations not very remote from each other. Thus in 
 Genoa, for instance, the disease is so prevalent that 
 four-fifths of all bodies examined after death were 
 found to contain evidences of Pulmonary Consumption.* 
 In Nice, on the other hand, situated on the same coast, 
 
 *Dcscrizzione di Genova. 184G. 
 
24 TEMPERATURE. 
 
 only a few miles to the southwest, it is so rare that 
 consumptive patients are sent there to spend the winter 
 months from all parts of Europe. 
 
 It is proposed, in the present pages, to present a 
 short resume of the medical geography of Consumption, 
 and of the influences which are most active in giving 
 rise to it, and thus enable the reader to f5rni some idea 
 of the climate which affords him the best chance of 
 recovery, or, at least of a prolongation of life. 
 
 In preparing the following statistics, the writers have 
 been careful to select only such as are vouched for by 
 the best and latest authority, and cheerfully admit that 
 they have drawn extensively on Professor Hirch's 
 admirable book on Medical Geography,"^ a work which 
 has not yet been translated into English, and is, conse- 
 quently, beyond the reach of many of their readers. 
 
 In treating of climate we have to take its three 
 elements into consideration, viz : 1st. Temperature, or 
 thermometrical range ; 2d. Dryness or moisture, or 
 hygrometric condition ; and, 3d. Equability, or sudden 
 variations in thermometric and barometric indications ; 
 and we propose to consider the effect of each of these 
 in its turn, both in the production of the disease in 
 question and on its course when once generated. 
 
 1st. TEMPEKATUEE. 
 
 Believing that his complaint originates in exposure 
 to a low temperature, as in many cases it doubtless 
 does, the pulmonary invalid instinctively seeks relief in 
 the warmer climates of low latitudes. Feeling keenl}^ 
 on the sensitive surface of his air-tubes the cutting 
 
 ■••Handbuch dcr liistorisch-geogropbiscbcn Patbologie August Hirscb. 
 Erlangen. 1862-64. 
 
TEMPERATURE. 25 
 
 effects of the cold Northern air, and with the hopeful- 
 ness inherent in his disease, he is firmly convinced that 
 if he could breathe for a season the warm breezes of 
 the South, never mind where, he would get quite well. 
 And we can imagine the astonishment with which the 
 bold adventurers who first sought health in the dry, 
 cold, bracing air of Sweden and Norway, Canada and 
 Minnesota, and often found it too, must have been 
 regarded. 
 
 But medical geography proves conclusively, by its 
 statistics, that mean temperature, independent of other 
 conditions, exercises but little influence on the develop- 
 ment of consumption, and that, although generally 
 diffused over the whole globe, it is, as a rule, more 
 prevalent in very warm than in cold climates, and its 
 course much more rapid. 
 
 The followini^ tables, extracted from Professor 
 Hirsch's work mentioned above, show very conclu- 
 sively how little the mean temperature has to do with 
 the frequency of the disease : 
 
 Name of Place. Mean Temperature. Mortality from Consumj-tiou. 
 
 Boston ...45° F. 3.8 per M. 
 
 London 47° 3.7 
 
 St. Louis 50° 5^ 3.7 
 
 Charleston };;;;:;;;::::^^:^:(i«^6)} 3.8 
 
 Thus we see that the relative mortality from Consump- 
 tion is as great in Charleston as in Boston,* although 
 the difference in mean temperature amounts to 14.5° to 
 19.5°. In Copenhagen the mean temperature is 42.8° 
 F.; at Malta it is 59.8°; and yet the mortality from Con- 
 sumption in both places is 3.3 per M. 
 
 *Moro recent table.', kindly transmitted to us by Dr. (Jco. Derl)y, refer- 
 ring to 1806, indicate a slight incrca.so for Boston, ninking the compara- 
 tive mortality S.'J. 
 
26 TEMPERATURE. 
 
 Among the English troops, whether stationed in 
 ISiewfoiindland, where the mean is 37° F., or the Ionian 
 Isles, where it is 55.4°, or at Gibraltar, 60°, the mortal- 
 ity is the same, viz: 3.5 per M. 
 
 Setting aside from our calculations the injurious 
 effect produced by life in large cities, there is no agent 
 which exercises a more deleterious influence on the 
 course of Pulmonary Consumption than a very high 
 temperature, such as obtains in the tropics. Not only 
 is the disease very prevalent, but its progress, when 
 once developed, is terribly rapid. This is most strik- 
 ingly the case in the West Indies, on the coast of South 
 America, and in Brazil. 
 
 Even on our own continent we have in New Orleans 
 a remarkable example of the deleterious effects of heat 
 and moisture on the development of Tubercular Con- 
 sumption. The rate of mortality from the disease in 
 that city is 6 per M., which is much greater than that 
 of any other city in the United States, and is equalled 
 by that of few places in the world. "^ 
 
 The climate of Florida, which is so beneficial to lung 
 complaints during the winter, appears, from the reports 
 of Southgate, to exercise a most injurious influence on 
 the course of the disease during the summer months. 
 Speaking of the influence of that climate on consump- 
 tives residing at New Smyrna, and other points on the 
 Atlantic coast, "who had contracted the disease at 
 Florida, he says : " In such, the rapid melting down of 
 the tissues of the lung in the warm months it has been 
 my painful duty to witness in more than a single 
 instance. "f 
 
 *Stark. Ediu. Med. and Surg'l Journal, No. LXXV, p. 130. 
 fMed. Statistics U. S. A., 18:59-'54, p. 313. 
 
EQUABILITY. 27 
 
 In few places does the disease commit such extensive 
 ravages as in the warm climates of the South Sea 
 Islands. Speaking of these islands, Comeras says: 
 "Pulmonary Phthisis is very common on the Islands 
 of Tahiti and the Marquesas, in fact throughout the 
 whole of Oceanica. It carries off one-third of the 
 whole population. * "^ Pulmonary disorganization 
 advances in these countries with fearful rapidity ; three 
 or four months are sufficient to lead the patient to the 
 grave. One finds at every step whole families a prey 
 to convulsive cough, young daughters abandoned by 
 their parents, consumptives in every stage reduced to a 
 state of emaciation horrible to behold." 
 
 The Sandwich Islands, however, constitute an excep- 
 tion to this statement, for there the disease is by no 
 means common. 
 
 Having thus proved that warmth alone is not antag- 
 onistic to the production or to the progress of the 
 disease, when once developed, but that, on the contrary, 
 in many instances, it favors the one and accelerates the 
 other to an appalling degree, we will next proceed to 
 consider what effect the second element, mentioned 
 above, has, v'z: 
 
 EQUABILITY. 
 
 Although it is admitted that sudden and extreme 
 variations of temperature are injurious to health gener- 
 ally, and more especially detrimental to invalids, yet it 
 is thought, by those who have paid most attention to 
 the subject, that ordinary changes in the thermometer 
 are rather beneficial than otherwise. Fuller, an emi- 
 nent authority on Consumption, remarks: "Careful 
 observation, amply corroborated by statistical records, 
 proves incontestibly that the pure air of heaven which 
 
28 EQUABILITY DRYNESS OR HUMIDITY. 
 
 God has provided for us to breathe, and the variations 
 of temperature, to which, in His all- wise providence, He 
 has seen fit to subject us, are not so noxious or produc- 
 tive of ill health as man in his ignorance has oftentimes 
 asserted. No climate is more variable than ours, (Eng- 
 land,) and none certainly- is more healthy, as proved 
 beyond dispute by the bills of mortality."* Southgate's 
 opinion is that equability can hardl}'' be considered as the 
 most vital element of climate, the highest degree of phy- 
 sical vigor being attained in strikingly variable climates, 
 the human constitution being adapted to such mutations, 
 and its powers would languish under the monotonous 
 impressicn of a uniform temperature for a long time.*}- 
 Nevertheless, we must allow that very sudden changes 
 exercise anything but a favorable influence on the 
 production and progress of Consumption, and that the 
 disease is not only rarer where the climate is equable, 
 but that its course is also much less rapid. 
 
 But in estimating the influence of sudden changes of 
 temperature we must not leave out of the calculation 
 the consideration that they are usually combined with 
 a humid state of the atmosphere, and that, on the other 
 hand, in places which possess an equable temperature 
 a low dew-point obtains, indicating a dry state of the 
 atmosphere ; and this leads us to the consideration of 
 our third, and, as we consider it, the most important 
 element of climate, viz: 
 
 DEYNESS OE HUMIDITY. 
 
 Nowhere in the domain of meteorology do we find 
 an agent more potent in the production of Pulmonary 
 Consumption, or one which exercises a more deleterious 
 
 "*FulIer on the Lungs and Air Passages, p. 363. 
 fU. S. Army Med. Stat., p. 312. 
 
DRYNESS OR HUMIDITY. 29 
 
 effect upon its progress, than moisture. On looking 
 over statistical reports from various parts of the world 
 we are forcibly struck with the fact of its prevalence 
 along the seacoast, and its diminished frequency as w^e 
 approach the interior. On the coast of Africa it pre- 
 vails extensively, especially at Benin and Biafra, but is 
 almost unknown in the interior of that continent. On 
 the coast of Egypt it is quite common, but diminishes 
 in frequency the further inland we proceed, and disap- 
 pears almost entirety in Upper Egypt. The same is 
 true of all the parts of the African coast, where accu- 
 rate statistics have been collected. Even Algiers is 
 far from enjoying the immunity ascribed to it, the 
 mortality from Consumption being 2.9 per M., very 
 little below that of Dresden, which is 3 per M., and 
 of many other European towns. In Europe the same 
 predilection for the coast is observed, only in a less 
 marked degree than on the other continents. In Asia 
 we find it prevailing along the coast of the Red Sea^ 
 but look for it in vain in the interior of Arabia. In 
 India it prevails extensively on the coast of Malabar, 
 Cawnpore, and in Bombay. 
 
 Our own continent presents a striking confirmation 
 of the statements regarding the baleful influence of 
 moisture. Consumption is quite frequent all along the 
 Atlantic and Gulf coasts, on the shores of our great 
 lakes, and along the course of our larger rivers. 
 Coolidge concludes his statistical I'eport of the diseases 
 prevalent among the troops stationed in Florida with 
 the following remarks: "An examination of the sta- 
 tistics of that disease (Phthisis) for the several regions, 
 in connection with the consolidated temperature and 
 rain-tables, will serve to show in a marked degree the 
 effect of long-continued high temperature, combined 
 3 
 
30 DRYNESS OR HUMIDITY. 
 
 with excessive moisture, (high dew-point,) in the pro- 
 duction and development of Pulmonary Consumption." 
 U. S. A. Med. Stat., 1839-'54, p. 338. 
 
 In Mexico the disease prevails on the coast, but is 
 almost unknown on the high and dry table-lands of 
 that country. Nowhere, however, do we find the 
 truth of the above assertion more fully confirmed than 
 in Central and South America. Here, commencing with 
 Mosquito, we find it prevalent along the coast of Costa 
 Eica, Panama, Colombia, Guyana, Brazil, La Plata, 
 Chile and Peru. In La Plata, where it was supj>osed 
 at one time that a Sanatorium for Consumption existed, 
 Dnpont found the disease very prevalent. Speaking 
 of Montevideo, he says : " Cest cette aff'ection qui 
 donne en temps ordinaire le plus de morts, et de rapa- 
 triesiments pour les navires de cette station ; la Phthisic 
 ne marche pas, elle galloppe, et telle est cette rapidite 
 qu'il nest pas permis de rapatrie a temps les tuber 
 culeux ; presque tons meurent sans qu il y ait un seul 
 instant de rej^it." Notes et Observations mr la cote 
 orientale d'Amerique, 1868. 
 
 Our space will not allow us to go into detail as to its 
 relative frequency in difibrent parts of the island-world; 
 it will be sufficient to state that, with the exception of 
 Iceland, it exists more or less extensively on nearly all 
 of them. We have already shown how fearful its 
 ravages are in Oceanica, and in the West Indies it 
 carries off numbers of the inhabitants, both black and 
 white. 
 
 The above facts, which might be indefinitely multi- 
 plied, demonstrate to what a great extent the prevalence 
 of pulmonary complaints is due to a humid condition 
 of the atmosphere. We might even go farther and 
 prove how great the difference of its prevalence is 
 
WINDS CONFIGURATION OF THE EARTH. 31 
 
 between two towns not very far from each other ; the 
 one situated on a small lake or river suffering severely 
 from its ravages, while the other, with a drier atmos- 
 phere, enjoys almost complete immunity, but this would 
 carry us too much into detail. 
 
 WINDS. 
 
 The winds which appear to exercise the most dele- 
 terious influence are those which are most charged with 
 moisture, viz : the east and northeast. 
 
 CONFIGUEATION OF THE EAETH. 
 
 This is naturally not without its influence. We have 
 already had occasion to remark that in those countries 
 where the dlcease is very prevalent on the coast, it 
 gradually disappears as we ascend the mountains. 
 Those places which are noted for their exemption are 
 high and remarkable for the dryness of the soil. We 
 find confirmatory examples of this in Central and many 
 States of South America. The high plateaus of the 
 Eocky Mountains and the Andes are almost exempt, 
 and tuberculous patients derive great benefit from a 
 residence in these elevated situations. The hei-ght that 
 has been found most beneficial is from eighteen hun- 
 dred to four thousand feet, and even higher. In Natal 
 the Drakenberg range attains an elevation of ten thou- 
 sand feet, and is crowned by a table land where the 
 climate is dry, the sun brilliant, and the heat not exces- 
 sive. Dr. Weber, physician to the German Hospital, 
 London, in an interesting paper, read before the Eoyal 
 Med. and Chir. Society, {Lancet^ August, 1869,) asserts 
 that there is no fixed elevation of immunity for every 
 degree of latitude, but that elevation is influenced by 
 all circumstances afi'ecting the degree of dampness or 
 
32 EFFECTS OF CIVILIZATION. 
 
 dryness of the soil, confirming his statements by refer- 
 ence to the important results of Bowditcli and Buchan- 
 an's researches. He further remarks that these elevated 
 localities offer great advantages in cases of early Con- 
 sumption and tendency to Consumption, in the dispo- 
 sition to Catarrhal Pneumonia, and the results of this 
 disease, particularly the so-called tubercular deposits 
 and the genuine tubercular infiltrations. 
 
 EFFECTS OF CIYILIZATIOK 
 
 Civilization, and its attendant evils, undoubtedly favor 
 the development of tubercular disease. For a long 
 time Consumption was unknown among the Indians 
 and early settlers of our Western States, but as soon as 
 the population increased, and the new comers brought 
 with them the manners and customs of the East, the 
 disease became every year more and more frequent, so 
 that at the present day it is quite as prevalent there as 
 in the other parts of the Union. Among the Bedouins 
 it is almost unknown as long as these people lead their 
 nomadic life in the desert ; no sooner, however, do they 
 remove to the coasts of the lied Sea, and " exchange 
 the tent for a house of stone," than they become a prey 
 to the disease. 
 
 That the crowding together of many individuals is a 
 fruitful source of Consummation is proved by the fact 
 that it is in large cities that it finds most of its victims ; 
 thus in Edinburg the mortality is 4.8 per M., in Glas- 
 gow 7, in Paris 4.1, New York 3.4, and New Orleans 6. 
 In Lisbon the disease prevails extensively, while the 
 surrounding country is almost exempt. That this is 
 not owing solely to the enervating influences of city 
 life, but to crowding, may be considered proved by the 
 following facts: The aborigines of New Zealand, who, 
 
EFFECTS OF CIVILIZATION. 33 
 
 previous to the arrival of the English settlers, led a 
 wild, roaming life, were found to be comparatively 
 exempt from tubercular disease. It was deemed after- 
 wards necessary to confine them to a certain tract of 
 country, but here, although they were supplied with 
 food, clothing and dwellings, the mortalit}^ among 
 them, especially from Consumption, became so great 
 that government found it necessary to remove the 
 restriction, after which the mortality was greatly 
 diminished. (Powders.) 
 
 The effect of the density of population is made appa- 
 rent by the following tables, extracted from Professor 
 Hirsch's work. Thus in London : 
 
 Where the population is 1 to every 32 square yards the mortality 
 
 from Consumption is 4.2 per M, 
 Where there is 1 to ever}' 142 square yards the mortality from 
 
 Consumption is 4 per M. 
 Where there is one to every 173 square yards the mortality from 
 
 Consumption is only 3.3 per M. 
 
 In Ireland the proportion of mortality from Con- 
 sumption to density of population is as follows. Leinster 
 making an exception, as Dublin is the main represen- 
 tative of the mortalit}^ of that county: 
 
 In Ulster, 4,957 inhabitants to square mile, the proportion of 
 
 deaths from Con'^umption to total number of deaths 1:8. 9G 
 
 Leinster, 4,685 inhabitants to square mile, the proportion of 
 
 deaths from Consumption to total number of deaths 1:6.95 
 
 Munster, 4,133 inhabitants to square mile, the proportion of 
 
 deaths from Consumption to total number of deaths 1:9.83 
 
 Connaua;ht, 3,101 inhabitants to square mile, the proportion 
 
 of deaths from Consumption to total number of deaths. 1:11. 11 
 
 l^Hirsch, vol. 3, p. So. 
 
 The injurious effects produced by the deprivation of 
 good, pure fresh air are strikingly exemplified in the 
 prison reports from different parts of the world. Of 
 these we will only mention Baily's reports of the Mill- 
 bank Penitentiary. Within the space of eighteen years 
 
34 EFFECTS OF CIVILIZATION. 
 
 there were 205 deaths, 31 of which were from cholera ; 
 of the remaining 174, 75 were due to Consumption. Of 
 355 discharged on account of disease, 90 were affected 
 with Consumption. Dr. Pietra Santa gives us the follow- 
 ing account of the ravages of Consumption in the 
 prisons of France and Algiers. Of 600 prisoners incar- 
 cerated in the prison of Nimes, 350 died of Consump- 
 tion in a very limited period. Of 27 deaths in the 
 civil prison in Algiers, 17 were from Consumption, and 
 at the Maison Centralc de I'Harrach, in Algeria, 57 out 
 of 153 deaths were due to this disease. The crowding 
 together of troops in barracks is almost as fatal as 
 prison life. The mortality among the infantry of the 
 Guard in England reaches the very high figure of 12 
 per M. The mortality among troops engaged in 
 active service is inconsiderable. What has been said of 
 prisons and barracks applies, though in a less degree, 
 to cloisters, schools, and factories and other institutions, 
 in which the inmates are compelled to lead a sedentary 
 life. 
 
 Clarke, in his treatise on Pulmonary Consumption, 
 makes the following pertinent remarks: "The effects 
 of sedentary life in all classes and conditions of society 
 is, in my opinion, most pernicious, and there is, perhaps, 
 no cause, not even excepting hereditary predisposition, 
 which exerts such a decided influence on the production 
 of Consumption as the privation of fresh air and exercise; 
 indeed, the result of my inquiries leads to the convic- 
 tion that sedentary habits are among the most power- 
 ful causes of tuberculous disease, and that they operate 
 in the higher classes as the principal cause of its greater 
 frequenc}^ among females." 
 
 The consideration of the other causes of Consump- 
 tion, such as hereditary predisposition, contagion, etc., 
 
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE. 35 
 
 does not fall ^^ithin the range of our little work, which 
 professes to treat only of those that are connected with 
 climate, and, therefore, to a certain degree avoidable, 
 avoidable in a high degree by the application of such 
 means as a man's own industry or that of his fore- 
 fjithers' inherited or acquired wealth, places at his 
 disposal. 
 
 In the foregoing pages we have principally treated 
 of those influences which are favorable to the produc- 
 tion and progress of the disease when once developed, 
 and we maintain that we have proved: 
 
 1st. That a very warm climate is more injurious even 
 than a very cold one, and that one of medium temper- 
 ature is the best. 
 
 2d. That sudden changes of temperature are inju- 
 rious if extreme, but that moderate variations are more 
 beneficial than a monotonous equability. 
 
 3d. That the most unfavorable winds are those 
 charged with most moisture, viz : the eastern and 
 northeastern. 
 
 4th. That civilization and its attendant evils, com- 
 prised in the term ochlesis, promote the frequency of 
 the occurrence of Consumption. 
 
 5th. Which is a corollary of the previous proposi- 
 tion — that the more crowded a population is, the more 
 prevalent is the disease, and 
 
 6th. That moisture, whether of atmosphere or soil, 
 is the injurious agent, both in its production and devel- 
 opment. 
 
 Having thus considered the detrimental influences, 
 we may now turn to the obverse of the medal, the 
 brighter side of the picture ; having shown our invalid 
 what has been injurious to him, it is our duty to point 
 out to him those aijrencies and climatic conditions which 
 
36 REMARKS ON CLIMATE. 
 
 have been proved to be most antagonistic to the origi- 
 nation of his disease, and opposing the most obstacles 
 to its progress. These conditions are naturally the re- 
 verse of the preceding ones, and our researches show: 
 
 1st. That dryness is the first attribute of a good cli- 
 mate for consumptives. 
 
 2d. That elevated positions are much to be preferred 
 to low levels. 
 
 3d. That fresh and pure air is indispensable to the 
 consumptive, and consequently that that climate is best 
 for him in which he is able without discomfort to spend 
 the greater portion of his time in the open air, and we 
 wish also to demonstrate that our own climate, wliile it 
 is free from all injurious agencies, possesses, in a high 
 degree, those qualities which are proved to be benefi- 
 cial. 
 
 1st. Dryness. — The favorable effects of dryness of air 
 and soil on those affected with Pulmonary Phthisis has 
 long been recognized — indeed, nearly eighteen hundred 
 years ago Galen conceived the idea of treating Con- 
 sumption on the same principles as he did ulcers on the 
 skin and elsewhere, i. e., by desiccation and consequent 
 cicatrization. To effect this he was in the habit of 
 sending his patients to Tabiae.* 
 
 Putting out of consideration for awhile the general 
 effects of a tonic-bracing atmosphere on the whole sys- 
 tem, it is but natural to conclude that an air void of 
 moisture, and consequently of all those minute impuri- 
 ties which moisture holds in suspension in such abun- 
 dance, is more healing to a surface of lung irritated by 
 the deposit of tubercle or by any other cause. 
 
 * De Methodo Medeudi, lib. v., cap. xii., Ed. Kuhn. 
 
REMARKS ON CLIMATE. 37 
 
 Eest is after all the great healing principle of nature. 
 In a large majority of cases of disease rest to the suf- 
 ferinir origan is all that is needed for its restoration to 
 health. In very many cases if we can procure this na- 
 ture will finish the work of restoration. We place a 
 broken limb in that position where the muscles will be 
 most at rest, and nature reunites the separated bones. 
 An iri'itated brain we put to sleep, a diseased stomach 
 we rest by abstinence, and it is only reasonable that we 
 should seek to apply the same rational treatment, as far 
 as lies in our power, to the lungs. Therefore that air 
 which calls for the least exertion on the part of these 
 organs must necessarily offer them the greatest chance 
 of recuperation. 
 
 That the climate of Aiken possesses this essential el- 
 ement of dryness we will now proceed to prove, and 
 for that purpose have carefully compiled the annexed 
 meteorological tables from observations made and kindly 
 furnished us by the Eev. John H. Cornish, to w^hom wc 
 are also indebted for much other information confirma- 
 tory of our own unformularized experience. 
 
 The observations upon which these tables are based 
 extend over a period of eight years, and are complete 
 in every respect, except that he has been unable of late, 
 from the want of proper instruments, to note the dew 
 point. His observations of previous years indicate that 
 this is invariably low, a fact universally acknowledged 
 by all who have resided here for any length of time. 
 The difference of temperature between day and night 
 must be very marked before dew is deposited at all. 
 It is even then so slight that it disappears off the grass 
 very soon after sunrise. The atmosphere is so dry that 
 surgical and other instruments, guns, etc., which require 
 so much care in other places to prevent their rusting, 
 
38 REMARKS ON CLIMATE. 
 
 may be exposed here for months without sustaining 
 damage. 
 
 An exemplification of the dryness of oar soil may be 
 found in the fact that our wells have to be dug in some 
 places from 90 to 150 feet deep before water is reached. 
 The porosity of the earth, composed of a loose, sandy 
 gravel, overlying in varying thickness, a bed of red fer- 
 ruginous clay is so marked that the water which falls 
 during the heaviest rains dries off in a faw hours, thus 
 allowing the invalid to take his usual and necessary ex- 
 ercise and fresh air — the importance of which w^e pro- 
 pose to show a little further on. Fogs are extremely 
 rare, and the epiphyte Tillandsia, or tree moss, that un- 
 failing indicator of moii?ture and malaria, which so 
 gracefully festoons the live-oaks of the low country, is 
 entirely absent. 
 
 All these facts conclusively prove that our climate 
 possesses in a high degree the element of dryness, which 
 we have shown to be so essential to render a climate 
 negative in the production, and obstructive to the pro- 
 gress of pulmonary disease in general, and Consumption 
 in particular. To this element of dryness we conjoin 
 the other important one of moderate. 
 
 2d. Temperature. — By reference to the annexed ta- 
 bles, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, it will be seen that our range is 
 not a very extended one, more especially if we exclude 
 exceptional cases as where the thermometer reached 
 102° twice and 100° seven times in eight years, and the 
 low temperatures of -f 12°, 15°, 17°, 19°, each of which 
 was observed but once in eight years, the usual mini- 
 mum being seldom under -f 34°. 
 
 Owing to the dryness of the air the atmosphere evap- 
 orates in summer very rapidly, producing a cooling of 
 the surface and doing away with the feeling of oppres- 
 
TEMPERATURE. 39 
 
 sion and debility which heat produces when accompa- 
 i^^ed by moisture. 
 
 We are acquainted with several instances of Northern 
 consumptives who have passed the summer here and 
 found themselves in better condition at the end than 
 they were at the commencement of it. 
 
 Having given the absolute range of temperature of 
 Aiken, let us now compare it with that of other places, 
 both in the United kStates and in Europe: 
 
 Table sliowing the difference between the Mean Tempera- 
 
 ture of Aiken and other places of the U. S. 
 
 Mean temperature of Aiken, is 61°. 69 Diflerence. 
 
 " " New York, 50°.09— 11°.60 colder. 
 
 " " Boston, 48°.20— 13°.49 " 
 
 " " Portland, Me., 45°.00— 16°.69 " 
 
 " " Newark, N. J., 48°.39— 13°.30 " 
 
 " " Philadelphia, 53°.46— 8°.23 " 
 
 " " Cincinnati, 54°.07— 7°.62 " 
 
 " " St. Louis, 53°.50— 8°.19 " 
 
 " " San Francisco, 57°.43— 4°.26 " 
 
 «' " Princeton, Min., 39°.60— 22°.09 " 
 
 " " Charleston, S. C, 64°. 35— 2°.66 warmer. 
 
 " " Savannah, 64°.26— 2°. 57 " 
 
 " " St. Augustine, 69°.46— 7°.77 " 
 
 Thus, as compared with places in our own country, 
 you Avill perceive that Aiken, in point of mean tempe- 
 rature, occupies a desirable medium, as a rule not very 
 cold, nor yet hot enough to produce in invalids those 
 unfavorable eflPects which we have already described as 
 resulting fi-om the depressing influence of long con- 
 tinued high temperature. 
 
 We will find next, if we compare it with that of those 
 places in Europe which are most resorted to by pulmo- 
 nary invalids, that the difference is very slight, all of 
 them coming within a few degrees one way or the other. 
 
40 TEMPERATURE. 
 
 This is a point of some little importance, as it shows 
 that we come between the isothermal lines which long 
 experience has shown to be best suited to our invalids. 
 Thus the mean annual temperature of 
 
 Palermo is 62°. 70, or 1°.01 warmer than Aiken. 
 
 Pisa, 60°.60, or 1°.09 colder than Aiken. 
 
 Nice, 59°.00, or 2°.69 " 
 
 Venice, 56°.40, or 5°.29 " 
 
 Madeira, 65°. 40, or 3°. 71 warmer than Aiken. 
 
 As most of our guests are in the habit of spending 
 only the six winter months with us, it may be more in- 
 teresting to them if we select the temperature of the 
 colder half of the year in other places, and compare it 
 with our own during that period. 
 
 The mean temperature of Aiken for the cold season 
 being + 51°.63: 
 
 That of New York is 35°.40, or 16°.23 colder than Aiken. 
 Cornish, Me., 26°.16, or 25°.47 " 
 " Worcester, Mas., 31°.95, or 19°.68 " " 
 
 " Newark, N. J., 35°. 88, or 15°. 75 " 
 " Philadelphia, 39°.30, or 12°.33 
 " Chicago, 33°.88, or 17°.75 " 
 
 '' Cincinnati, 38°.70, or 12°.93 " " 
 
 " St. Louis, 40°.ll, or 11°.52 " " 
 
 " St. Paul, Minn., 21°.21, or 30°.42 " 
 " Florida, 62°. 06, or 10°.43 warmer " 
 
 As before, we will carry the comparison over to that 
 of the most noted resorts for consumptives in Europe, 
 and we obtain the following encouraging results: 
 
 The mean temperature for the six colder months of 
 
 Nice is 51°. 80, or 0°.17 warmer than Aiken. 
 Palermo, 51°.60, or 0°.03 colder " 
 
 Pau, 49°.26, or 2°.37 " " 
 
 Pisa, 49°.00, or 2°.63 " " 
 
 Madeira, 56°.00, or 4°. 37 warmer " 
 
 Venice, 41°. 42, or 10°. 21 colder " 
 
TEMPERATURE. 41 
 
 Thus we perceive that Aiken may in point, both of 
 mean annual temperature and of mean temperature of 
 the colder months, be favorably compared with these 
 well known and highly esteemed localities, leaving for 
 the present for future consideration the advantages it 
 possesses in point of dryness and consequent suitability 
 for an out-of-door life. 
 
 3d. Winds. — Tn the eight years of our observation, 
 the southwest wind, which is the pleasantest, and the 
 one which taxes least the delicate lung, prevailed for 
 thirty-nine months. On the other hand, the southeast, 
 which is so injurious, is very rare, and the east wind 
 prevailed for only twelve months during those eight 
 years. The force of the wind is usually very moderate. 
 
 The above-named three qualities combined contribute 
 essentially to the fourth. 
 
 4th. Ability of the patient to pass the greater . 
 PORTION OF HIS TIME IN THE OPEN AIR. — We find the im- 
 portance of this so forcibly and emphatically described 
 in Dr. C. T. Williams' work on the climate of the South 
 of France, that we prefer quoting his words on the sub- 
 ject. Speaking of the advantages of a Southern cli- 
 mate, he says : '' The chief of these is the amount of 
 sunshine the invalid enjoys for weeks and even months 
 together, when the sun often rises in a cloudless sky, 
 shines for several hours with a brightness and warmth 
 surpassing that of the British summer, and then sinks 
 without a cloud behind the ranges of the Maritime 
 Alps, displaying in his setting the beautiful and varied 
 succession of tints which characterize that glorious phe- 
 nomenon of the refraction of light, a Southern sunset. 
 * * * * Owing to this genial influence, not accom- 
 panied, as it is in the most protected of English winter- 
 ing places, by any sensation of chill or damp, and the 
 
42 TEMPERATURE. 
 
 chemical effect of which is seen in the tanning of the 
 skin, owing to the freedom of the climate from rapid 
 and constantly recurring changes of frost, rain, mist, 
 and mild weather, the invalid spends the greatest part of 
 the day in the open air and scarcely knows what confine- 
 ment within doors means. The exciting causes of his 
 complaint being removed, and the long spell of propi- 
 tious weather enabling the full influence of the genial 
 atmosphere to act on his frame, his bodily vigor gradu- 
 ally returns and he finds himself able to enjoy a fair 
 amount of exercise, whether walking, driving or riding 
 in a region in which earth, sea, and sky present to his 
 observation phenomena so varied in. form, so brilliant in 
 color, and so wondrous in beauty that an inexhaustible 
 feast unfolds itself to his astonished gaze in the enjoy- 
 ment of which his attention is withdrawn from the 
 contemplation, and oftentimes the exaggeration of his 
 own complaint, and directed to higher and nobler ob- 
 jects." 
 
 To those persons whose systems have been depressed 
 by nervous anxiety and despondency, or whose brain 
 and nerves have been overtaxed, this attraction of the 
 attention towards external objects is of no little im- 
 portance ; while on those who have suffered from too 
 sedentary occupation and overcrowding, the ability to 
 be out in the fresh air, and to take exercise, to imbibe, 
 as it were, sunshine, and draw in health with every 
 breath for so large a portion of the twenty four hours, 
 exercises very naturally the most beneficial influence. 
 
 In Aiken he may enjoy this great privilege in a high 
 degree ; the weather is seldom so continuously dis- 
 agreeable as to confine the invalid to the house for a 
 whole day. Looking back from the period at which 
 we are now writing, we find that in the last fifty-five 
 
ELEVATION. 43 
 
 days there have been onlj^ three on which he could not 
 have been out of doors to enjoy the bright, warm sun- 
 shine and balmy air. 
 
 5th. Elevation. — As we have already mentioned, 
 Aiken owes much of the peculiar character of its cli- 
 mate to its comparative elevation above the surround- 
 ing country. It is the highest point on the South 
 Carolina Kailroad. From here the road descends 
 rapidly to Augusta, leaving us on a kind of plateau on 
 the top of a hill. Six hundred feet above the sea level 
 may not seem a very great height, nor is it absolutely ; 
 but then absolute height is not of so great importance 
 as sufficient comparative elevation to ensure thorough 
 drainage and a dry air. This subject of the beneficial 
 effect of a prolonged residence on high levels on 
 Phthisis was brought before the Royal Medical and 
 Chirurgical Society last August, and elicited a most 
 interesting discussion, to vjhich we have already cur- 
 sorily referred. As the opinions expressed were those 
 of the highest authorities on the subject in England, 
 we will take the liberty of laying them more exten- 
 sively before our readers. Dr. Weber described seven- 
 teen cases treated by prolonged residence on " high- 
 level health resorts," and the effect, he says, may be 
 stated as decidedly satisfactory in fifteen, undecided in 
 one, and unsatisfactory in another. Two of the cases 
 were cured, but, on returning to unhealthy occupations 
 and localities, were seized with fresh attacks, resulting 
 in death. A post-mortem examination showed the 
 healing of the original lesion. It seems that most of the 
 other cases got well, but would have relapses w^henever 
 they exposed themselves to the causes of their first 
 attacks. A second and third more prolonged stay on 
 high ground would lead to a more permanent cure. He 
 
44 ELEVATION. 
 
 thinks that these elevated regions " deserve more atten- 
 tion than they have obtained, both as winter and sum- 
 mer resorts for puhnonary invalids 5" * * * * * " that 
 the tendency to absorption and fibrous transformation 
 or cicatrization of deposits — the result aimed at — is 
 promoted^ and the tendency to the breaking down of 
 tissues and formation of cavities, the result to be 
 avoided, is counteracted in elevated health resorts." 
 As confirmatory of this view of the retrogression of 
 convalescence upon exposure to unfavorable circum- 
 stances, you will allow us to quote words used by one 
 of us many years ago, when urging upon invalids a 
 more prolonged stay in a healing atmosphere, a view 
 which has been strengthened by the observations of 
 later years, and of which we have examples under our 
 eye at this present moment : * " We too often see our 
 Northern friends, after improving during the winter, 
 and attaining a certain degree of health, return home 
 for the summer. The next winter they come back to 
 us a little lower in health than when they first came. 
 This process is repeated several times, and then we 
 either hear of them no more, or that we will not see 
 them again, thus proving that a Northern summer does 
 not possess the virtues of a Southern climate." 
 
 In accounting for the beneficial action of these high 
 levels, Dr. Weber attributes especial importance to the 
 dryness of the soil and air; the former as permitting to 
 a great degree an out-of-door life ; the second ensuring 
 a freedom from foreign admixtures, and also to the 
 presence of a large amount of ozone, which increases 
 the oxidizing power of the air, and so lessens the 
 amount of inspiration necessary to be performed by 
 
 * Address delivered before S. C. Med. Association, by Amory Coffin, 
 M. D., 1852. 
 
ATiMOSPHERE. 45 
 
 the weak lung, giving it, to some degree, that rest 
 which we have already spoken of as necessary to a 
 diseased organ. 
 
 The inhabitants of large cities, whose health has 
 been broken down by the action of that combination of 
 deleterious influences which we term ochlesis, and which 
 results from overcrowding, will be able to experience 
 the revivifying influence, not only of fresh and pure air, 
 but of plenty of it. Our little town is spread over a 
 large area, the population sparse and the houses scat- 
 tered ; so that, while we enjoy many of the privileges 
 of a town, such as proximity to markets and shops^ 
 postoffice, railroad and telegraph station, we have all 
 the freedom from those impurities which poison the air 
 of a closely-built town ; true typhoid fever is extremely 
 rare, and there has been no case of Consumption origi- 
 nating and terminating fatally here for the last fourteen 
 years, and this notwithstanding the unfavorable dietetic 
 and hygienic (urcumstances in which the poorer classes 
 exist. 
 
 TONIC PEOPEETIES OF THE ATMOSPHEEE. 
 
 Besides the soothing influence of the atmosphere on 
 the bronchial mucous membranes of the lungs, it has been 
 found to have a most tonic efl"ect on the general system. 
 This is most especially evidenced in the rapid recovery 
 from diseases of debility, the stage of convalescence 
 intervening between illness and health, usually so 
 tedious, being, as it were, jumped over. This quality is 
 attributed by Dr. Ilartsen to the "exciting and vivify- 
 ing action of the South." He remarks : " Many a 
 patient who in the North is scarcely capable of walk- 
 ing a quarter of an hour without fatigue, is often able, 
 after his arrival in the South, to take long walks with- 
 
46 CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION. 
 
 out experiencing the slightest fatigue, and is thus en- 
 abled to exercise his lungs in the open air. I have 
 often observed this, and considered it one of the chief 
 advantages of a residence in the South." * 
 
 CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTIOK 
 
 "But," some sceptical reader will object, "although 
 you have made out a capital case for your climate, and 
 we allow that it is highly beneficial in cases of bron- 
 chitis, pure and uncomplicated or pneumonic catarrh, 
 or convalescence from diseases of debility; that your 
 air is pure and easily breathed, your soil dry, your sun 
 bright, and your temperature moderate, you must con- 
 fess that the most that these advantages can do for 
 a sufferer from genuine Consumption is to prolong his 
 life for a short time at the cost of expatriation, the 
 privation of the precious comforts of home and the 
 society of dear friends. The game, you will allow, is 
 hardly worth the candle." We are happ}^ to be able 
 boldly to say that we confess no such thing. We can 
 point out to you more than one person w^ho came 
 among us many years ago with hemorrhages, cough, 
 emaciation and other symptoms of Pulmonary Phthisis, 
 who are not only still alive, but in the enjoyment of 
 very fair health. Some of these cases occurred as long 
 as thirty years ago, and in one instance the "retro- 
 gression of convalescence," on a return to unfavorable 
 locality and occupation, was very marked. Let us, 
 then, consider the question, 7s Consumption curable? 
 
 As in all sciences, so also in medical knowledge, pro- 
 gression is never one of steady advances ; but, like the 
 waves of the rising tide, we are sometimes carried 
 nearly back to the point whence we started, then a 
 
 * Hartscn, Virchow's Archiv., Band 46, j>. 128. 
 
CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION. - 47 
 
 fresh progression, another falling back, and so on ; 
 always gaining, but every now and then checked by 
 coming in contact with one of those apparently insu- 
 perable barriers which seem to mark the confines of 
 human knowledge. This truth applies with full force 
 to the above question of the curability of Consumption. 
 In the last century but few ph^^sicians would have 
 dreamed of answering it in the negative; and it was 
 only after the invention and application of percussion 
 and auscultation, that the idea obtained that Consump- 
 tion was an incurable disease, and, owing to the vanity 
 of the age, which induced men to undervalue the truths 
 acquired through the close and accurate observation 
 and experience of the fathers of medicine, became so 
 firmly established, that, ten or fifteen years ago, it 
 would have been considered rank heresy for any medi- 
 cal man to -have asserted a contrary opinion. Since 
 that time, however, the old idea of its curability has 
 again revived ; and we hope in the present chapter to 
 be able to prove, not only that Consumption is curable, 
 but that such instances of cure are not unfrequent. In 
 the first place, as Waldenburg* justly remarks, it is a 
 mistake to suppose that an individual can have Con- 
 sumption but once ; in the great majority of cases there 
 is a repetition of the disease, and the patient frequently 
 looks well and enjoys excellent health in the intervals, 
 the symptoms indicative of the disease disappearing 
 entirely, or when this, from their nature is impossible, 
 remaining in statu guo. 
 
 It appears somewhat remarkable that this important 
 fact should have attracted so little notice from those 
 who have made a special study of the disease, and yet 
 it is of every-day occurrence, so much so that many 
 
 * Die Tuberculose, etc., etc. Von L. Waldenburg, Berlin, 1869. 
 
48 CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION. 
 
 even of our lay readers will doubtless recall to mind 
 examples of it. 
 
 Without dwelling upon those cases which have come 
 under our observation, which, although they impressed 
 us strongly with the truth of the statement, yet have 
 not been by us, put into notes of sufficient accuracy to 
 make them of any value, we will give a short resume of 
 the opinions entertained by some of the most celebrated 
 authorities on pulmonary affections, selecting a few 
 striking cases by way of illustration. 
 
 Fuller, from whoso work we have already quoted, 
 after calling to mind the fact that tubercle deposited in 
 the external glands may remain quiescent for years, or, 
 what is more usually the case, undergo complete re- 
 sorption, makes the following remarks: "Thus we are 
 constrained to believe that the same holds good in 
 respect to the lungs, and that whether tubercular 
 deposits in these organs remain quiescent or undergo 
 absorption, or calcareous transformation, or be got rid 
 of by suppuration and expectoration, the patient may 
 recover, or attain to longevity, provided only that his 
 general health be improved, and the condition of his 
 blood altered, so that no fresh deposit of tubercle shall 
 occur." 
 
 He mentions three cases of recovery in which ves- 
 tiges of cavities and of tubercular deposit were found, 
 although the subjects had ceased to show symptoms of 
 Consumption for years previous to their death, and had 
 gained flesh in the meantime. The most remarkable 
 case was that of Mary Liddon, whose mother had died 
 of Consumption, and who herself had been "asthmatic" 
 for years, and had occasionally expectorated blood. 
 When she first applied for relief, in 1849, she presented 
 most of the general symptoms of Consumption. She 
 
CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION. 49 
 
 was pale, somewhat emaciated, with nails bent over, 
 was short-breathed and expectorated a considerable 
 quantity of matter. There was marked dulness and 
 flattening under the collar-bones of both sides, and the 
 evidences of a cavity in the right lung. A tonic plan 
 of treatment was pursued, and after a time the general 
 symptoms began to subside, the signs of the excavation 
 to disappear, and she rallied so rapidly that before the 
 expiration of eighteen months her general aspect was 
 that of good health. In 1858 she died of another dis- 
 ease, and the body was examined, revealing an old scar 
 in the right lung, the remains of the former cavity 
 which had healed. There was only a little old tubercle 
 in the neighborhood of the scar. 
 
 Even more cheering is the testimony of Dr. C. J. B. 
 Williams, who has preserved notes of no less than two 
 thousand cases of Consumption. The following are his 
 words : " Powerless as medicine is in the overwhelming 
 and rapid types of the disease, it has yet considerable 
 influence over the milder forms, and under careful 
 treatment life may be prolonged for many years in 
 comfort and usefulness, and in not very few cases the 
 disease is so permanently arrested that it may be called 
 cured. In six hundred cases there were no less than 
 fifty-six in which the disease was arrested and the 
 patients lived twenty years and upwards." 
 
 This does not include many cases where the disease 
 was checked in its incipicncy. 
 
 For the sake of encouraging our patients to persevere 
 in the treatment prescribed for them, we will now give 
 a brief synopsis of some of these cases. 
 
 "An unmarried lady consulted Dr. W. in 1847 — had 
 cough for eighteen months. During the two months 
 previous to her visit, her breath had become hurried, 
 
50 CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION. 
 
 and her flesh and strength had become much reduced. 
 She had no appetite, and had spit up a few mouthfuls 
 of blood. At the time of her visit she was very weak 
 and much emaciated, with quick pulse and profuse night 
 sweats. There were signs of tubercle in more than half 
 of the left side of the chest, and cavities in the same 
 region. Under the treatment instituted, she improved 
 in strength and well being, and had but little cough. 
 She continued to improve, and was married in 1850. In 
 1867, twenty years after her first visit, and twenty-one 
 and a half from the commencement of the disease, she 
 was alive and well. 
 
 " A clergyman, 32 years old, was seen by Dr. W. for 
 the first time in 1846. He had lost four sisters with 
 Consumption. Three years previous to that time he 
 had become hoarse. Cough with expectoration and 
 shortness of breath came on five months before. There 
 were signs of tubercle and cavities in upper portion of 
 right side of chest. He was placed under treatment, 
 and for the next two years resided at Minehead, and in 
 parts of Devonshire, Malta, and Pisa. In 1868 he was 
 again seen when he was quite well and active, conduct- 
 ing a large school, could walk, -preach and bear expo- 
 sure to any extent. The physical signs, dulness, etc., 
 remained, rather to be attributed, however, to the ves- 
 tiges of his former complaint than to any existing dis- 
 ease, as he had enjoyed excellent health for twelve 
 years." 
 
 These well marked cases of Dr. Williams are but 
 types of what we have not unfrequently witnessed 
 ourselves. Waldenburg, after dwelling upon the fact 
 that the same individual may have more than one at- 
 tack of Consumption, makes the following bold state- 
 ment: 
 
CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION. . 51 
 
 "Viewed in this light, Phthisis is one of the most fre- 
 quently curable among the diseases which endanger life, 
 and its treatment is often for the physician a most 
 grateful task. Compared with chronic disease of the 
 brain, with nephritis, cancer, etc., how hopeless do these 
 latter appear. It is true that to attain this result, the 
 patient's circumstances must admit not only of his fol- 
 lowing the medical prescriptions and directions about 
 diet, but also of considerable material sacrifices, such as 
 long journeys, change of residence," etc. (Op. cit.) 
 
 Of late years it has been demonstrated by actual ex- 
 periment that Consumption may be produced in the 
 lower animals by inoculation. During these experi- 
 ments, which have been carried on very extensively, it 
 sometimes happened that the animals recovered, and 
 gre\v fat again. They were afterwards killed, and their 
 bodies examined. In such cases the vestiges of the dis- 
 ease were observed, the tubercular matter having un- 
 dergone retrograde metamorphosis. 
 
 We have thus corroborated our seemingly bold state- 
 ment of the curability of Consumption by the quota- 
 tion of the opinions of the most eminent authorities in 
 Europe, and proved the ground of their opinions by the 
 citation of cases most carefully observed by them. 
 
 This is certainly most cheering, but such is the hope- 
 fulness of disposition which, so strangely, almost in- 
 variably accompanies this disease, that it falls much 
 often er to our lot to be obliged, in mercy, to repress 
 unfounded hope than to inspire confidence. This san- 
 guineness seems to be contagious, for it not only com- 
 municates itself to surrounding friends, but influences 
 the judgment of the attending physician. '. 'he floating 
 straw is not only caught at by the drowning man, but 
 is crucll}^ held out to him by those standing on the 
 
52 • CURABILITY OP CONSUMPTION. 
 
 shore. The unfortunate consequence is that we have 
 too often sent down to us. for our climate to cure, 
 cases which are beyond cure — cases in which the ex- 
 istence of large cavities, profuse suppuration, laryngeal 
 ulceration, colliquative diarrhoea, and other equivalent 
 signs indicate that they have reached that stage 
 whence there are no backward steps towards conva- 
 lescence. In the name of that charity which we claim 
 as characteristic of our profession, we entreat our 
 Northern brethren not to deprive these poor sufferers 
 of the unpurchasable blessings of home, or the last 
 blessing of dying among those who have loved them 
 during life. Grant them what the old Eomans consid- 
 ered the great blessing of the extreme hour, that of dy- 
 ing among their kin. " It is too sad," as Dr. Pollock 
 remarks, "to sit by such a patient and calculate his 
 chances of life, whether they are sufficient to bear him 
 home again, or whether it is necessary to allow him to 
 breathe his last among strangers." 
 
 How sad can hardly be appreciated by any but those 
 who, like ourselves, often see such patients arrive with 
 the certain conviction that they have come to us only 
 to die. 
 
 " Before sending a patient South," says Dr. Hartsen, 
 "the physician should ask himself, not whether the 
 change will afford him some chance of prolonging life, 
 but whether it will afford him a considerable chance of 
 so doing. To get worse in the South, perhaps to such 
 an extent as to prevent his return to his home, is truly 
 a fearful evil, which no one should be subjected to with- 
 out good reason." (Yirchow's Archiv.) And this all the 
 more not only because the death of such a patient, un- 
 der such circumstances, is sad in the extreme, but also 
 because it throws over the whole community of fellow 
 
CONCLUSION. 53 
 
 invalids a mournful gloom, and affects their spirits most 
 prejudicially. 
 
 And now our task is done; we have set forth what 
 we deem, and what others deem to be the essentials of 
 a curative climate, and we have shown how far our own 
 climate possesses those essentials. In doing this we 
 have endeavored to present an impartial, unprejudiced 
 statement, and we are not conscious of having extenu- 
 ated or embellished anything. 
 
 To those of our readers who have accompanied us to 
 the end, we would say that we hope that we have not 
 shown ourselves too pedantic in our effort to instruct, 
 that we have not " talked more shop " than was abso- 
 lutely necessary; and finally, we hope that they may 
 realize what, in the words of our motto, is the greatest 
 blessing upon earth, not to be well, as many suppose, 
 but to get well. May they get well, and fare well. 
 
54 
 
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gUSINESS giRECTORY. 
 
 TOVv^N COUNCIL 
 
 W. SCHMIDT, Intendent. 
 
 WARDENS. 
 
 J. K. WEEVER. 
 H. WESSELS. 
 
 E. H. A. OAKLEY. 
 H. BUSH. 
 
 W. H. HARBERS, Clerk. 
 
 Board of Improvement, &e. 
 Dr. W. H. GEDDINGS, Chairman. 
 
 E. J. C. WOOD. 
 Dr. T. G. ROCKWELL. 
 Dr. a. coffin. 
 HENRY SMITH. 
 
 E. H. A. OAKLEY. 
 S. OTT. 
 
 A. DeCAVEDEUC. 
 H. WESSELS. 
 
 GEO. GEVNER, Secretary. 
 
 The above Board superintends public improvements, collects funds to 
 be devoted to that purpose, provides for the comfort of the visitors, and 
 affords them useful information concerning Board and other matters. To 
 accomplish these ends, the clerk will keep a liegiaier q^ all Vacant Rooms 
 in the town, and be at all times prepared to assist strangers in obtaining 
 accommodations, as well a8 to reply to all communications on this subject 
 addressed to the Board by persons at a distance. He will also call upon, 
 every stranger immediately after his arrival, enter his name and resi 
 dence upon the Lint of Arrivals, and solicit from him a contribution to be 
 devoted to the embellishment of the park, the repair of walks, the erec- 
 tion of benches, &c., <fec. For the present the lier/ister of Vacant Roonm 
 and the List of Arrivals will bo kept at the Drug Store of Messrs. Wood 
 & Co., where they will be open throughout the day to the inspection of 
 the public. 
 
 N. B. — Persons addressing communications to the Board will please 
 enclose a stamp for the reply. 
 
OIFIFIOiH! OIF" 
 
 1® Mm e^ ^mmwp 
 
 AND 
 
 INSURANCE AGENT, 
 
 The undersigned would call the attention of Invalids, Capital- 
 ists, Farmers, Horticulturalists, Mechanics and others, who desire 
 to secure a 
 
 in a climate of unsurpassed salubrity, exempt from the rigors of 
 a Northern winter, easy of access, and where many Northerners 
 have already located, to the DESIEABLE PROPEKTIES now 
 offered for sale in the 
 
 VICINITY OF JLIKEIST, 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 Orchards, Vineyards, Improved FarniSf Water 
 Poivers, Kaolin Deposits, Potteries, Un- 
 improved Lands, Town Hesidences 
 and JSuilding Lots, 
 
 E. J. C. AVOOD. 
 
 ]Sr. B. — Communications by mail promptly answered. Cor- 
 respondents are requested to enclose stamps for replies. 
 Pamphlets descriptive of Aiken and vicinity for sale. 
 
Aim H©f IL, 
 
 AIKEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
 Is situated in a pleasant location, and in the imme- 
 diate vicinity of the Depot, rendering it a desirable 
 Hotel for either permanent or transient guests. The 
 climate is unsurpassed, and as a resort for invalids, is 
 favorably known and spoken of, and highly recom- 
 mended by the Medical Faculty generally. The ac- 
 commodations are good, having suits of finel}^ furnished 
 apartments for families and single gentlemen. The 
 Proprietor will endeavor to make the Hotel a First- 
 class House, and no effort vrill be spared to deserve a 
 continuance of the liberal patronage heretofore be- 
 stowed upon it. 
 
 Livery accommodations will be found adjoining the 
 Hotel. 
 
 W. J. ANDERSON, 
 
 Agent* 
 
Aiken Hotel Livery Stables, 
 
 IN THE REAR OF THE HOTEL. 
 
 iiwiii wmiiiw, 
 
 KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND, FOE THE. USE OF 
 VISITOKS, 
 
 Carriases, Bretts, Mm aM Sails Horses, 
 
 Drivers Oarefuil and. Polite. 
 
 LiTTery Staples, 
 
 R. R. Avenue, above the Hotel. 
 
 mm, m\\ mm k mm horses 
 
 FUENISHED FOR THE USE OF VISITORS. 
 
 The proprietor hopes, by giving his personal attention to the 
 business, to merit a continuance of the patronage heretofore so 
 liberally bestowed upon him. 
 
TO MY FRIENDS IN POUGHKEEPSIE 
 
 AND OTHER PLAGES. 
 
 I have now finished my house in Aiken, at a cost of some $10,000. 
 I partly left Poughkeepsie to get a cheaper home than I could 
 obtain in that lovely place. But this house grew up under my 
 hands until it became like a little hotel. It contains sixteen 
 rooms, 20 x 20 feet each, measured from the exterior lines, with an 
 open fireplace, and closet 6^4 feet in every one of them, and four 
 halls 40 M 10 feet. 
 
 The kitchen and washrooms are supplied on a novel and economi- 
 cal plan, with hot and cold water, which can be carried into any 
 room in the house to extinguish a fire, or answer the demands of 
 domestic purposes. An elevator, reaching from the basement hall 
 to the garret, with a power to the weight as 10-1, can carry up 
 wood for the fires, carry down slops and refuse water from the 
 chambers, and any lady or gentleman, who chooses to pull the 
 ropes. 
 
 The papers have been making a great noise about their "Earth- 
 Closets," but each bed-room of this large, convenient and hand- 
 some building contains a water "Commode" on a new and sim- 
 ple principle, much superior to anything these closets can ever be 
 made to be. 
 
 The building is surrounded by large umbrazeous oaktrees, which 
 defend it from the rays of the hot sun, but freely admit the cool 
 breezes under their spreading branches. This residence has a 
 large and handsome portico on every side, some one of which is 
 mostly pleasant and inviting every day of the year. 
 
 Mrs. Nichols, my second daughter, and her mother, have a 
 large experience in keeping boarders, and to turn this big mansion 
 to some account, they mean to open it as a Boarding House the 
 next winter, for the accommodation of invalids, and those who 
 wish to enjoy the warm and delightful winter of Aiken. Rooms 
 for one occupant, on the first floor, will cost $80 a month ; on the 
 on the second, $70; on the third, $60. For two in a room, $70, 
 $60, $50 each a month. 
 
 The food, if not sumptuous and of exciting variety, will be well 
 prepared, of the best quality and abundant. Good pains will be 
 taken to make this place a happy home for every one. But any 
 boarder of bad habits or unpleasant manners will be quietly re- 
 quested to look for other quarters. 
 
 AIKEN, S. C. WILLIAM McGEORGE. 
 
STEEDMAN HOUSE, 
 
 A. I K E :n' , s . c . 
 
 This comfortable and commodious House, the most 
 conveniently located of all Boardingj Houses in the 
 town, is now open for the accommodation of'invalids 
 desirous of wintering^ in Aiken, as well as for that of 
 transient visitors. The table will be well supplied with 
 good and choice food, and no effort will be spared by the 
 proprietor to merit a continuance of the patronage 
 heretofore so liberally bestowed upon him. Particular 
 attention bestowed upon invalids. 
 
 A choice assortment of native wines always on hand. 
 Terms moderate. 
 
 J. a. STEEDMAN. 
 
 PRIVATE BOARDING 
 
 AT 
 
 SMYZER'S 
 
 In a pleasant, high and dry locality where every at- 
 tention will be paid to the comfort of those who may 
 favor him with their company. Accommodations good 
 and terms moderate. 
 
 H. SMYZER, 
 
 Formerly Proprietor of Aiken Hotel. 
 
THE AIKEN 
 
 Keeps constantly on hand and manufactures to order 
 
 YELLOW PINE 
 
 LUMBER 
 
 or ANY SIZE AND DESOKIPTION, 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 i 
 
 IT WW 
 
 I 
 
 Grrooyed and Tongued Flooring 
 
 AND 
 
 DRESSED LUMBER 
 
 Orders will always receive prompt attention and satisfaction guar- 
 anteed. 
 
 F. ROSEBROOK & CO. 
 
BATHHOUSE, 
 
 AIKEN. SO. CA. 
 
 Tlie II?x^oi>rletor ^vill l5:eei> 
 
 For the special convenience of the guests. 
 
 Every morning from 10 to 12 lie will serve Bullion with 
 Egg, to refresh the invalid after his bath. 
 
 nip®i ©F MAiiws wisie. &©, 
 
 i. p. f . fiiiii, 
 
 Mm Mi mwmw 
 
 LAUHENS ST., AIKEN, S. C. 
 
 Keeps constantly on hand a full and fresh assortment of 
 
 BREADS, CAKES, 
 
 PIES, SUGAR PLUMS, 
 
 CANDIES, JELLIES, 
 
 And all other articles usually found in a first-class Confectionery Store. 
 IN SPRING AND SUMMER, 
 
 ICE CKE^IVX ^1VI> J^JHERliEiT. 
 
 JV. 2?. Weddiiif/ and Party CaUes furulshed at short notice. 
 
W. "W. HUNTING. E. J- C. "WOOD. 
 
 w®tt® & e®.. 
 
 Druggists and Stationers, 
 
 AllCEN, SO. CA. 
 
 Keep constantly on hand a general assortment of Selected 
 
 Jrugs, i|hemicals, f erfumery, 
 
 Fancy Articles, Kerosene Oil Lamps and Fixtures, Fine 
 
 "Writing Papers and Envelopes, Blank Books, 
 
 Novels, Gift Books, «&c. 
 
 TERMS CASH. PRICES MODERATE. 
 
 Druggist & Apothecary, 
 
 A-iKEisr, so. OA.. 
 
 Constantly on hand, Fresh 
 
 PERFUMERY, STATIONERY, 
 BRANDIES AND WINES FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES, 
 
 And all articles usually found in a first-class Drug Store. 
 Physicians Prescriptions Accurately Prepared at all Hours. 
 
 ALSO, LANDRETH'S FRESH GARDEN SEEDS. 
 
lii L. ■. EO 
 
 Laurens Street, 
 
 Millineiy Si Fancy Goods 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 A LARGE AND SELECT ASSORTMENT OF 
 
 Flowers, Dress Trimmings, Laces, Ribbons, 
 
 ALL KINDS OF WOEK DONE ON (JROVEE & BAKEE'S MACHINES. 
 
 H. WESSELS. CH. KLATTE. 
 
 M. Wmsmmmm S €&*9 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 DRY m FMCY GOODS, 
 
 Boots, Shoes, Trunks and Saddlery, 
 HARD AMD CROCKERYWARE, 
 
 CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 NATIVE WINES AND BHAJVDIES. 
 
TO OXJU. TTISITOXIS. 
 
 HENRY HAHN, 
 
 Begs leave to inform the Visitors to Aiken that he has 
 on hand the following articles, of superior quality, and 
 can furnish them on reasonable terms : 
 
 Heidsick Champagne, 
 Jamaica Rum, 
 
 Old Hennessey Cognac Brandy, 
 Domestic Brandies. 
 
 And all the finer and more delicate Groceries. 
 
 N. B. — Cashes Drafts and Checks on Northern Banks 
 and Bankers. 
 
 HAHN & STATJBES. 
 
 In order the better to provide for the wants of th© 
 invalids and others visiting Aiken, and contribute to 
 their health and enjoyment, the undersigned have 
 formed a partnership in the 
 
 Livery Stable 
 
 business, and will furnish them with new and comfort- 
 able CARRIAGES and BRETTS, nice BUGGIES and 
 HORSES, gentle and easy-riding SADDLE HORSES, 
 with good Harness, easy Side and Gentleman Saddles, 
 and respectful and polite drivers, on reasonable terms. 
 
 HAHN & STAUBES. 
 
 HENRY IIAliN. JOHN STAUBES. 
 
JOHIT D. BUTT &. BRO, 
 
 266 Broad Street, 
 
 AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, 
 
 M wmmm 
 
 KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND 
 
 SEGAES, TOBACCO, 
 Domestic and Imported Crackers, 
 
 FISH, OLIVES, OLIVES FiROIAS, 
 
 ANCHOVIES, RUSSIAN SARDINES, 
 
 DUTCH HERRINGS, &c., &c. 
 
MILLS mmm 
 
 This well-kncwn House has boon NEWLY FURNISHED, and 
 is now open to the public. 
 
 The House has always enjoyed a reputation equal to any house 
 south of New York, and is now kept in such a stylo as to reflect 
 credit on its former reputation. 
 
 Invalids will find this House a Lome, and persons wishing to 
 spend a few days in Charleston, on business or pleasure, will lind 
 it THE MODERN House in the City. 
 
 JOHN PARKER, Proprietor. 
 
 WM. McLEAN 
 
 JOBBER AND DEALER IN 
 
 l#f ii li: 
 
 & 
 
 AND 
 
 SLI 
 
 iftD©:si 
 
 (f 
 
 Musical Instruments, Stationery, Base Balls, Fireworks, 
 
 With a tbouBand other Notions too large to enumerate. 
 
 STAMPING, BRAIDING & EMBROIDERY, 
 
 Neatly Executed from Patterns of the Latest approved 
 Designs. Also, Agent for 
 
 W. H. CORE (133 CHATHAM ST., N. Y.,) SHOW OASES. 
 
 OlTATiLlCJ-i^rOlV, W. C\ 
 
JAMES A. 6EAT & GO. 
 
 z:M::poie/TEi?.s 
 
 AND WHOLESALE AND KETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 DRY GOODS, 
 
 228 Broad Street, 
 AUGUSTA, OEOROIA. 
 
 Possessing unsurpassed facilities in 
 
 F0KEI6N AND DOMESTIC MAKKETS, 
 
 And procuring our stock entirely from First Hands, 
 we can offer first-class 
 
 GOODS ill W LOWES! CISH PMCiS, 
 
 OTJK/ stock:, 
 
 IN EVERY DEPARTMENT, 
 
 IS AT ALL TIMES COMPLETE. 
 Orders have our Particular Attention. 
 
 Strangers and Citizens of Aiken and vicinity are 
 respectfully invited to inspect our Goods. 
 
REGULAR LINE OF STEAMERS 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 Charleston, South Carolina, 
 
 AND 
 
 RAVENEL & CO., Agents, 
 
 Cor. East Bay S Vanderhorst's Vliarf, 
 
 CHAKLESTON, S. C. 
 
 ARTHUR LEARY, Agent, 
 
 7S Willimn Street^ 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Steamers leare Pier No. 8 North River, New York. 
 
 G. J. LUHN, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 S. E. cor. of King and John Sts., 
 
r\ 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 TMBS iST^®L8SMIiiiT. 
 
 Pleasantly situated, combining the advantages 
 
 OF 
 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 mm. 
 
 m 
 
 Will accommodate comfortably 
 
 T^W^ENTY aXJESTS. 
 
 The Proprietor will use his utmost endeav- 
 or* to contribute to the comfort and amuse- 
 ment of the inmates by providing 
 
 THE BEST OF FARE, 
 
 PREPARED m THE NORTHERN STYLE. 
 
 Croquet Grounds, Swings, 
 
 And other healthful recreations will be attached to the 
 
 place. 
 
 p. B. WILLIAMS, 
 
 OF BUFFALO, N. Y., 
 
 Proprietoi". 
 
AW C. K 
 
 1 
 
 ) 
 
 Migm &fiM Big MMMm$» 
 
 Two doors above Globe Hotel, 
 
 Broad St., Augusta, Ga. 
 
 J. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1820. 
 
 THE LARGEST STOCK OF 
 
 BOOTS. SHOES, TRlllS, 
 
 VALISES and SATCHELS 
 
 IN THE CITY. 
 Sol<3. a.t JSxxiAll r»rc»£Lt. 
 
JOHN & THOS. A. BONES, 
 
 im ip@ad Stir©©t, 
 
 -A.XTC3-TTST.A., <3-EOHC3-Ija., 
 
 IMPOKTEES AND DEALERS IN FOBEIGN & DOMESTIC 
 
 HARDWARE, 
 
 Keeps on hand a large assortment of 
 
 Rodgers' Table &, Pocket Cutlery, 
 
 Scissors, Fluting Machines, Pinking Irons, 
 Curling Tongs. 
 
 Consisting, in part, of 
 
 Shovels and Tongs, Fenders, Pots, Ovens, 
 House and Well Buckets. 
 
 A general assortment of 
 
 Steel and Iron jN'ails, Axes, Hatchets, Plows, 
 
 Garden and Canal Barrows, Garden 
 
 Rakes and Hoes, 
 
 Guns, Powder, Shot, etc., etc. 
 
 Which wiU be sold at the Lowest Market Rate, 
 
 They would also call attention to the 
 
 Patent T>oiil>le-I*ointe<i >?*teel Miatting: an.<i 
 Cai'jpet Tacks, 
 
 The most convenient and superior article now in use. 
 
 JOHN & THOS. A. BONES. 
 Packages delivered at Railroad Depots. 
 
PIIILIIPSI STAFFORD, 
 
 CAlPllf lis 
 
 -A-ISTD 
 
 Take Contracts for large and small buildings, and other 
 work in their line. 
 
 Jobbing promptly attended to. 
 
 Laurens St., Aiken, So. Ca., 
 
 Keeps on hand a full assortment of 
 
 GROCERIES, DRY GOODS, 
 
 Also, a choice collection of 
 
 AATINES, LIQUORS, 
 
 Tobacco, Seg-ars, &c. 
 
 A large stock of the celebrated 
 
 Pmits and Flowers Smoking Tobacco, 
 
 CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 
 
XaSLTJLTceiiL^ Street, -A^ilceii, S. O., 
 
 Has always on hand a well assorted stock of 
 
 fR0CERIES,§RY|00DS, 
 Hardvv^are, &e., &e. 
 
 Also, an excellent stock of 
 
 WIirES,ALESS,LIl2TJ0IlS, 
 
 A.JL.lLi OF THE FIJVEST QUALITY. 
 
 J. H, BECKMAN, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 
 
 DRY &OODS& GROCERIES, 
 
 mported Eoglish Ales and Porters, 
 
 A.]VI> OTHER I^IQXJORS. 
 
 Also, a fine assortment of 
 
 HARDWARE, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, 
 CAPS AND CLOTHING. 
 
W. Perroneau Pinley, Esq.. 
 
 ATTORNEY AT LAV/, 
 
 AND 
 
 
 FBEBEmmm A F&mm» 
 
 -A-ttorney at La^w, 
 
 Practices in the Courts of the Counties of Barnwell, Edgefield, 
 Orangeburg, Lexington and Charleston, 
 
 AND 
 
 Oommissioner of Deeds for the States of 
 
 NEW YORK, MICHIGAN, 
 
 CONNECTICUT, GEORGIA, and 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Comraunictitions from persons desirous of Purchasing or 
 Kenting Property at Aiken and its vicinity will be promptly 
 responded to. 
 
 La^v Oflice on JTenliins Street, 
 
FOR SALE. 
 
 Four very desirable Building Lots, viz : 
 Two 150 M 150. 
 
 Two 150 H 200, located near the business 
 part of the town. 
 
 TO LET. 
 
 A commodious Dwelling near the above. 
 Also, two or three Furnished Rooms. 
 
 Corner Laurens and Barnwell Streets, 
 
 Formerly of Fairfield County, Ct. 
 
 ©T» 
 
 &E]VEIi^^L 
 
 SOUTHERN LAND AGENCY, 
 
 A. I K inisr. S 
 
 O 
 
 City and Village Houses and Lots, Farms, Vineyards, 
 Plantations, Sao. 
 
 Five Hundred Places for Sale, adapted to all wants. 
 
 Parties wishing information of this section of the South, South 
 Carolina, Georo;ia or North Carolina, the adaptation of differ- 
 ent parts to different kinds of business, Farming, Planting Cot- 
 ton, Fruit Raising, Stock Eaising, Manufacturing, or Mercantile 
 Business, etc., will be furnished on application as above, statincj 
 the information they desire, enclosing stamps, fees, &c. 
 
VILLA ROSA, 
 
 j^IIiETSr, SO- CJ^. 
 
 Announces to her friends, and persons seeking Board 
 at Aiken, S. C, that she has opened this large Estab- 
 lishment, and is prepared to receive Boarders on very 
 moderate terms. 
 
 This House, located as it is, in the midst of extensive 
 Pine Groves, offers peculiar advantages to persons 
 suffering from Pulmonary or Throat affections — the 
 aroma of the Pine Tree being deemed itself a specific. 
 
 Please address 
 
 VILLA EOS A, AlKKN, S. C. 
 
 WaUAM S. GORWIN & GO. " 
 
 Importers and Dealers in 
 
 '|hOICE ^INES, gRANDIES, |EAS, IuGARS 
 
 FAMILY GROCERIES, 
 No. -257 KING STREET, . CHARLESTON, S. 0. 
 
 BRANCH OF 
 
 No. 900 Broadway, comer 20th Street, 
 
New York and Charleston 
 
 STEAMSH 
 
 D 
 
 N 
 
 Travellers going South will find it to their comfort 
 and convenience to take one of the SUPEEIOIJ 
 OCEAN SIDE-WIIRML STEAMSHIPS of this Line, 
 leaving Pier No. 5, North River, ever\ TUES- 
 DAY and SATUEDAY at B o'clock, r. m., connecting- 
 at Charleston with the SOUTH CAT.OLINA EAIL- 
 KOAD. trains leaving twice every day. 
 
 Fare tliroili to Men, S, C, anil Anpsta, (la, $22,00, 
 
 Iiic'ludinLr Meals and State-Rooms. 
 
 The through time to Augusta is about 70 liours. 
 
 Travellers returning- North can secure rooms in ad- 
 vance, without extra charge, by addressing the Charles- 
 ton Agents. 
 
 MANHATTAN, M. S. Woodhull, Commander. 
 CHAMPION, K. W. LocKwooi), 
 CHARLESTON, James Bekiiy, 
 JAMES ADGER, T. J. Lock wool, 
 
 HENRY R. MORGAN & CO., 
 
 Agents at yew York, 
 
 JAMES ADGER & CO,, 
 
 Agents at Charleston, 
 
W. B. WELLS, 
 
 ! k iffl IGGl 
 
 AUGUSTA^ GEORGIA. 
 
 Invite? attention to a large and carefully selected stock of choice 
 
 Medicines, Chemical Re-Agents, Brushes, 
 Perfumery, Cosmetics, Soaps, 
 
 and an endless variety of articles adapted to the toilet or boudoir. 
 
 To sustain the favorable reputation that this establishment has en- 
 joyed for nearly half a century, the Proprietor clings to its motto, " The 
 BEST Goods at Fair Prices." 
 
 His stock of MEDICINAL DRUGS, ARTICLES OF DIET and REM- 
 EDIES FOR INVALIDS have been selected in person, and are being 
 replenished wecklv. 
 
 All the popular preparations of IRON, COD-LIVER OIL, &c., recog- 
 nized and sanctioned by the medical faculty, constantly on hand. 
 
 Invalids and others s«)journing in Aiken, are requested to make them- 
 selves "at home.'' Thoy will be courteously treated, and any informa- 
 tion in our power to extend will be gladly furnished. 
 
 Parcels sent to Aiken without delay. 
 
 liefer hy permisawn to—\\. STEVENSON, Esq., Dr. W. H. G ED- 
 DINGS, W. PERRONEAU FINLEY, Esq., Aiken, S. C. 
 
c 
 
 in 
 
 ^M^mLM$w&m M^ G\ 
 
 THIS FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, 
 
 Situated in a pleasant location, and in ibc business por- 
 tion of the city, renders it the m03t desirable Hotel for 
 -cither permanent or transient guests. The 
 
 Accommodations are Unsurpassed, 
 
 havinjT extensive suites of ELEGANTLY FURNISH- 
 ED APARTMENTS for FAMILIES and SINGLE 
 GENTLEMEN. 
 
 The Proprietor Avill endeavor to maintain the high 
 reputation enjoyed by the "CHARLESTON," as a first- 
 class house, and no effort V7\\\ be spared to deserve a 
 continuance of the liberal patronage heretofore be- 
 stowed upon it. 
 
 The best of LIVERY ACCOMMODATIONS will be 
 found adjoining the establishment. 
 
 The .house is supplied with the celebrated ARTE- 
 SIAN WATER, of which delightful 
 
 B A. T HL S 
 
 CAN BE HAD EITHER DAY OR NIGHT. 
 
 E. H. JACKSON, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
T3E3C3E3 J^JSt&T I3»- 
 
 Recommended by the highest Medical authority in South Carolina. Se« 
 wrapper around each Bottle!! for this and numerous other testimonials. For the 
 Weak, for the Pale, for the Hickly. for the Aged, for Females, for Spring use, 
 no Bitters equal them. They give tone and vigor to the young and old, male 
 and female. All use it with "wonderful success. Try them, take no other. 
 
 Ask for SUMTER BITTERS. Sold by Druggists and Grocers everywhere. 
 
 4®* See that our 'signature is over tlie Cork of each Bottle. 
 DOWIE & MOISE, Proprietors and Wholesale Drus^gists, Charleston, S. 0, 
 
 JOHN & THEO. GETTY, 
 Shipping 8t Commission Merchants, 
 
 Agents PMlaieliiliia M Charleston Steamsliip Line, 
 
 North Atlantic Wharf, 
 
 CHARLESTON, S. C. 
 
 Will attend to the purchase and shipment of 
 COTTON, RICE, NAVAL STORES, LUM- 
 BER and SOUTHERN PRODUCE gene- 
 rally. Also, the procuring of FREIGHTS 
 and CHARTERS for Vessels. 
 
 Consignments of MERCHANDISE soli- 
 cited, which will receive prompt attention. 
 
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