^iDfi'wn^ Guide -Book TO Detroit Px-epared. fotr i^A-embers of tine AiVlERICAN LIB R ARJV ASSOCIATION in ©OTifeirence atDe^tvoi-t J-une 26 - - J\x1tj 1, 1 9 2 2 p^-p^:^^-^ GuiDE-BooK TO Detroit Prep cured, foir Merabers of tine AAVE^RICAN LI BRAR'V ASSOCIATION in (5oT\fei-enc e at De-tvoit Jxine 26--Jiil^ 1,1922 Compliments of the DETROIT COMMITTEE FOR THE CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION rs74 »<»M caw:? 1 BC I 1 WW . DETROIT THE stranger first coming to Detroit, if he be interested in the busy economic side of modern life, will find a marvelous indus- trial beehive; if he be a lover of nature he will take notice of a site made forever remarkable by the waters of the noble strait which gives the city its name; if he be a student of romance and history he will discover legends and records as entertaining and as instruc- tive as the continent can supply. Detroit's present speaks for itself. It has its good side and its bad. The city's location and the particular lines of endeavor along which the energies of its leaders have been directed have stamped it with a peculiar character. This individuality has come to be more especially apparent during the past two decades ; whereas the Detroit of 1900 was still something of a quiet country town, the metropolis of today represents quite accurately the feverish intensity and activity of modern industrial America. This aspect of twentieth century Detroit is not difficult to discover or to study. Less obvious is the story of the past. Incidentally, it is a past not unworthy of mention, nor unfit to be compared with that of other American cities. Excepting the old Spanish towns, no American city is a full century older than Detroit. As for the middle west, including the Mississippi Valley and the trans-Allegheny region, it includes no metropolis that ranks in age with the City of the Straits — Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Cincinnati and St. Louis are its juniors by many years, and even in old Louisi- ana, New Orieans and Mobile were not founded until after Cadillac had esteibfished his post at Le Detroit. Cadillac's name and fame long since caught the fancy of De- troiters, as they deserved to do. Though the eariy voyageurs and traders had established a post at famous Michilimackinac, and though Du L'hut had founded another fort near the strategic point where Port Huron now stands, it remained for Cadillac to perceive that neither of these sites compared with the one on "the strait." "Le Detroit," he wrote the great governor general. Count Frontenac, "is the real center of the lake country — the gateway to the west." Frontenac accepted this wise judgment, and in 1701, Cadillac led a party of voyageurs and soldiers from Montreal up the Ottawa, through Lake Nipissing and French River to Georgian Bay, and then down past Du L'hut's abandoned post to "the strait." Here, on "the fine open plains where the deer roam in graceful herds," as he wrote to Frontenac, Cadillac founded his post. It remained under the lilies of France for sixty years while dusky, equalid Indians traded their furs and sometimes waged bitter war on the French, while the adventurous covreurs de bois started on new exploring expeditions and while the simple-minded habitants and their numerous progeny cultivated the long, narrow farms, platted at right angles to the river so that each family should have access to the water for fishing purposes. The town itself was a mere hamlet, occupying what is now less than four small city blocks in the vicinity of Jefferson Avenue and Griswold Street. When Montcalm and Wolfe had fought their duel to the death, Canada and the Northwest passed on into the hands of Britain. A.S an English post, from 1763 to 1796, Detroit passed through exciting events — Pontiac's rising and long siege of the town; the Revolution, when Hair-Buyer Hamilton held sway until he was captured by George Rogers Clarke and his Virginians; the later Indian wars in which the British garrison usually gave aid, more or less open, to the redskins against the Americans. Under the British regime the town did not change greatly, though some English families came, among them a nuniber whose descendants are Detroiters today. It was still a trading post, with the Indians more difficult to control than before because of the quantities of firewater sold them by the English traders. After long delay, the post was surrendered to the United States in 1796, and John Francis Hamtramck, a brave Canadian-born soldier of the Revolution, raised the Stars and Stripes, which were to come down once more, but not to stay down, at the time of Hull's fiasco in 1812. During the first quarter-century of American rule Detroit grew but slowly. A fire in 1805 wiped out most of the original village, making it easy for far-seeing citizens to bring about the adoption of a new plan for streets and squares — the one which has been followed to the present day. One hundred years ago, Detroit was still a frontier village, with a population of not over 1500. At about that time commenced the great surge of population toward the West, helped at first by the early lake steamers, and in later decades tremendously accelerated by railways. In three decades after 1822, Detroit's population in- creased nearly 2,000 per cent and the town began to take on the form and character of a metropolis. Rapid growth continued. From 1850 to 1900, the population doubled approximately every 15 years and many prosperous industries were developed, particularly the manufacture of stoves, steel railway cars and drugs. Soon after the opening of the present century came the beginning of the auto- mobile era, which has revolutionized many things, among them the city that is the greatest center of activity in this almost incredible industry. Detroit today does not suggest its French founders as plainly as does New Orleans, but it is as reminiscent of them as modern New York of Peter Stuyvesant and his burghers. It reveals the marvelous development of the Great West with as much emphasis as St. Louis or Chicago. It shows how a splendid natural setting can redeem a city, in part, from man's mistakes. It illustrates the immense vitality and energy of the American people. To the stu- dent of the past, its story is a never-fading romance, something of whose glamour and primitive vividness one may appreciate by studying Gari Melchers' three wonderful paintings in the Delivery Hall of the PubHc Library. N. H. BowEN. A Tour to Historic Sites DETROIT has no very old buildings such as are found in the cities along the Atlantic seaboard. The small wooden houses of which the old French town consisted were destroyed in the fire of June 11, 1805. When rebuilt, although laid out in wider streets, it was for the most part stiU a town of wooden buildings. Of these, many were well built of heavy timber, but their historical importance was not realized until increasing property values had caused their destruction. Tablets have been placed to mark a number of important sites and a pilgrimage to them gives a fair idea of the early history of the city. From the Hotel Statler, going southward tdong Washington Boulevard to Michigan Avenue, then east, past the front of the Cadillac Hotel and southward down Shelby Street, we come to the Detroit Post Office, On the south or Fort Street entrance is a tab- let with the following inscription: I mM iQDb 'tum^^M^i mBmimm 'nmmM-w -u Mm 'ii ■ /'ill 'tu:t #M-t r -rifirf aftll^s mnii'rA'r At %'A: 1796 1896 This tablet designates the site of an English Fort erected in 1778 by Major R. B. Lernoult, as a defense against the Americans. It was subsequently called Fort Shelby, in honor of Governor Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, and was demolished in 1826. The evacuation of this fort by the British at 12 o'clock noon, July 11th, 1796, was the closing act of the war of Independence. On that day the American flag was for the first time raised over this soil, all of what was then known as the Western Territory becoming at that time part of the Federal Union. 6 ylZ:iE }±ZD YiZkE ^UlillD -^>: 2 Z9LDiE:iS HILLED JjHXrJZ lUh ^4 1 r V ^ i"^fr;'V;' fViZiiaC. '-^■"■ijgirAftittBft- Miii«<.itfl#^**«i-^«fc»«''«'*''^ Turning east on Fort Street we reach Griswold Street, named after Stanley Griswold, first secretary of Michigan Territory. On the southwest corner of Fort and Griswold Streets, the tablet com- memorating the Fox Indian War may be found on the Fort Street side of the Moffat Building. Here encamped the Fox Indians (Outagamies) during the siege of Detroit, 1712. Here also were buried the soldiers killed in the Battle of Lake Erie, 1813. Erected by the National Society of Colonial Dames of America in Michigan, 1905. Going down Griswold Street, "the Wall Street of Detroit," toward the river, we cross the bed of the river Savoyard which was once a considerable stream and a prominent feature of the early geography of Detroit. The first settlement, "Cadillac's Village," lay west of Griswold Street, south of Lamed, covering a square arpent of land (192 feet 9 inches) which extended across what is now Jefferson Avenue. On the southwest corner of Griswold Street and Jefferson Ave- nue, on the Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Company's building, is a tablet commemorating the Conspiracy of Pontiac: mmm vj mymi m im^m sm uiia« liM J This tablet designates the site of one of the gateways of Fort Detroit. The original stockade was known as Fort Pontchartrain and was erected when the city was founded in 1701. Through the gateway here located, Pontiac, the Ottawa Chief, with a band of Indians passed on May Seventh, 1763, intending to surprise and massacre the garrison. The exposure of his plot on the previous day caused the defeat of his plans and gave the English the supremacy in this region until the close of the Revolu- tionary War. About a block and a half west, on the north side of Jefferson \venue (No. 220) may be read the following inscription: This tablet marks the starting point of the notable fire of June 11th, 1805, which is commemorated in the city seal. That fire destroyed every house save one in the ancient town of Detroit. It obliterated old lot lines and narrow streets and secured the wide avenues and public squares of the present day. 8 UP T)! Turning east on Jefferson Avenue, we cross the site of the demolished town with its "Commons," and pass that of the first shipyard at the foot of Woodward Avenue. On the building oc- cupied by the offices of the Detroit Water Works, southwest corner 10 of Jefferson Avenue and Randolph Street, is the "Old Council House" tablet with the following inscription: Old Council House. In 1796 when Detroit came under the rule of the United States an old stone building known as an Indian Council House was here located. For many years it was used as a court house, as military headquarters, for elections and for town meetings. It was destroyed in the great fire of May 9th, 1848. In 1827 the first city reservoir was located on the rear of this lot and sixty years later the property passed into the possession and occupancy of its present owners the Board of Water Commissioners of the City of Detroit. Four blocks farther east on the front of the Art Museum is a tablet reading: To Madame de la Mothe Cadillac, the first white woman to land upon these shores. By the women of Detroit. 1703-May, 1903. Still farther east (12 blocks) is another memorial of Pontiac's siege of Detroit on the wall surrounding the plant of the Michigan Stove Company: Parents Creek — The Pontiac Tree — ^Bloody Run. This tablet marks the course of the historic stream called "Parents Creek." After the battle of July 31st, 1863 which took place near by, it was known as "Bloody Run." That battle closely followed the Indian outbreak known as the "Pontiac con- spiracy" and resulted in a loss to the English of fifty-six killed and wounded and the death of Captain DalyeU of the British Army. % ili/it" iiMiii' GMmM mmMB tic V ' 'iwmm 11 An old monarch of the forest known as the "Pontiac Tree" stood in this vicin- ity until 1886 and was said to have been a silent witness of the combat. July 31st, 1763— July 31st, 1902. Erected by the Michigan Stove Company. Returning down Jefferson Avenue to Bates Street, then turning north to Larned Street (one block) we reach the site of the first building of the University of Michigan commemorated by a tablet on the east wall of the building on the northwest corner, occupied by Farrand, Williams and Clark: The original building of the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan which since 1837 has been established at Ann Arbor was originally located at Detroit and occupied a building erected for the purpose in 1817-18 on the spot here designated. The first professorships were held by the Rev. John Montieth of the First Protestant Church and the Rev. Gabriel Richard of St. Anne's Roman Catholic Church. From 1844 until demolished in 1858 the building was occupied by the Board of Education of the City of Detroit. The first Sunday school in Michigan began its sessions in this building October 4th, 1818. This tablet is erected by the University of Michigan Association of Detroit, A. D. 1901. Two blocks north on Bates Street bring us to Cadillac Square. A block east is the Wayne County building, at the entrance to which is a tablet read- ing: This tablet is a tribute to Major General Anthony Wayne, U. S. A. to whom as general in command the English surrend- ered this region July 11th, 1796. The County of Wayne was created and named in his honor, August 15th, 1796. As then established the county embraced nearly all of the present state of Michigan and portions of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin includ- ing the sites of Milwaukee and Chicago and parts of Fort Wayne and Cleveland. Erected under the auspices of the Michigan Society of the Sons of the American Revolu- tion. 12 4J' Q£^l5!'!^I'/;rrr/ir|?/'\v,'.y:Hf ^U'S'A! 1 '"^ A' Two blocks west of the County Building on Cadillac Square opposite the City Hall stands the Cadillac chair placed there at the celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of the founding of Detroit. On its back is the following inscription: 1701 1901 This chair erected July 24th, 1901 is located on the site of the City Hall built in 1835 and occupied until 1871 as the seat of civic authority. It is symbolic of the seigneurial rule of Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, Knight of St. Louis, who with his company of colonists arrived at Detroit, July 24th, 1701. On that day, under the patronage of Louis XIV, and protected by the flag of France, the City of Detroit, then called Fort Pontchartrain, was founded. 13 MliaiFliilffTfMi 15 Return to the Statler may be made via Woodward Avenue or by going northwest on Michigan Avenue to Griswold Street, then north and west to Washington Boulevard across Capitol Square, the site, until 1847, of Michigan's state capitol, now marked by the statue of her boy governor, Stevens Thomson Mason. Grant House. The modest frame dwelling at 1369 East Fort Street was the home of Brevet Captain Ulysses S. Grant from AprU, 1849 until May 25, 1850. A resolution recently passed by the Common Council provides for mark- mg this building. 6 Libraries The New Main Building of the Detroit Public Library, Wood- ward Avenue at Kirby Avenue, is described in a separate publication. (Unless otherwise specified the directions for reaching the libraries are from the Hotel Statler as a starting point.) Detroit Public Library Branches Herbert Bowen Branch, W. Grand Boulevard and Dix Avenue. Established, 1911-12. Neighborhood: largely American, with a few Lithuanians. Baker car going west on Michigan Avenue to the Boulevard. 15 minutes. Magnus Butzel Branch, E. Grand Boulevard and Harper Avenue. Established, 1912-13. Fine type of Tudor architecture. Neighborhood: largest Polish colony in the city; many factories including the Packard, Dodge, Hupp and others; a growing American patronage. Woodward car north to Baltimore; transfer to Grand Belt east, get off at first crossing of Boulevard and walk south to Harper. 30 minutes. James V. Campbell Branch, 6625 W. Fort Street. Established 1913. Moved to present building 1922. Neighborhood includes many factories. Patrons are middle-class American factory workers. To the west is a large Hungarian settlement. Any bus south. Transfer to Lafayette bus. Get off at Rademacher Avenue and walk south one block to Fort Street. 30-40 minutes. Edwin F. Conely Branch, 4600 Martin Avenue at Michigan Avenue. Established 1911. Moved to present building in 1913. Neighborhood: almost entirely foreigners, Poles, Russians, Germans and Ukrainians. The schools in the neighborhood include the largest parochi- al school in the city. "Michigan — Through' ' car on Michigan Avenue to Martin Avenue. 30 minutes. Divie B. Duffield Branch, W. Grand Boulevard and Dimedin Avenue. Established 1916. Neighborhood: residential, with many large apartment buildings and almost no factories; nearly 100 per cent American professional people. District includes 12 schools and Teachers' College. John R bus at Madison Avenue to Dunedin Avenue. 30 minutes. Bernard Ginsburg Branch, 637 Brewster Street, between St. Antoine and Hastings Streets. Established 1914. Moved to present building 1916. Neighborhood: 50,000 population with 49 per cent Jews, 17 per cent Negroes, 13 per cent Italians. Book collection includes Russian, Yiddish, Hebrew, Italian and German books. Largest juvenile circulation in the branches. 14th car north at Broadway to Brewster Street, walk half block west. 15 minutes. John S. Gray Branch, 1117 Field Avenue, corner of Agnes Avenue. Established 1904. Moved to present building 1913. Neighborhood: mostly American professional people; bordered on the east by the fashionable Indian Village and on the west by a foreign district. Jefferson bus on Woodward Avenue to Field Avenue. Walk north to Agnes Avenue. 17 George S. Hosmer Branch, Gratiot Avenue at Pulford Street. Established 1900. Moved to present building 1911. Neighborhood: largest German colony in the city, mostly of the second gen- eration; some Poles, Italians, Jews and Negroes. Gratiot car at Cadillac Square. 20 minutes. Chauncey Hurlbut Branch, Waterworks (Gladwin) Park, Jeffer- son Avenue. Established jointly by the Board of Water Commissioners and the Detroit Public Library in 1905. Mr. Hurlbut left money to build the present building and maintain it, and left also a collection of books. Later the Detroit Public Library assumed all but the upkeep of the building and grounds. Jefferson bus on Woodward Avenue to Waterworks Park. 30 minutes. George V. N. Lothrop Branch, W. Grand Boulevard at Warren Avenue. Established 1912. Neighborhood: formerly entirely Americans, but now changing as Poles and Negroes move in. Woodward car north to Forest; transfer to West Crosstown. 30 minutes. Oakman Branch, 12846 Oakman Boulevard. Established January 25, 1922, in rented quarters, formerly a store. Collec- tion entirely adult. Neighborhood: a new and growing American community. "Trumbull — Through" (on Michigan Avenue) or Fenkell car to Buena Vista Avenue. George Osius Branch, Gratiot Avenue at Burns Avenue. Established 1914. Neighborhood: middle-class American families. Gratiot car at Cadillac Square. 30 minutes. Gabriel Bichard Branch, Grand Biver Avenue at Stoepel Avenue. In process of erection. Henry B. Schoolcraft Branch, 2200 Davison Boulevard at Lumpkin Avenue. Established November, 1921. Neighborhood: 26 nationalities, including Arabic, Swedish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Finnish and Slovakian. Largest Serbian colony in the United States. People from the Balkan States predominate, with Negroes a close second. Baker or Victor car at Cadillac Square. 30-40 minutes. James E. Scripps Branch, Grand Biver Avenue at TrumbuU Avenue. Established 1904. Moved to present building 1908. The building which was the old George Booth home, and the small park in which it is situated were given to the city by Mr. James Scripps and his heirs, the building to be used as a library. In remodeling, many of the old home features were retained, giving it an unusual home-like appear- ance, yet making it a very workable library. Neighborhood: comfortable, middle-class earning people, mostly American. Grand River car two blocks south of Hotel Statler to Trumbull. 15 minutes. 18 Henry M. Utley Branch, Woodward Avenue, between Alger and King Avenues. Present building opened, 1913. Largest branch building. Neighborhood: residential, with a large American adult patronage. Many Yiddish children are among the juvenile patrons. Woodward Avenue car north to Alger Avenue. 30 minutes. Charles I. Walker Branch, Mack Avenue at Montclair Avenue. Established November, 1921. Neighborhood: lately the village of St. Clair Heights, largely American with some Belgians of the second generation. Mack car at Cadillac Square to Montclair Avenue. 30 minutes. Special Agencies Down-Town Annex, 101 Gratiot Avenue. Located temporarily in the Old Library building, which was erected in 1875. Has been operating a little over a year as an Annex to the Main Building since the moving of the Main Collection to the new building. Serves the down-town business and shopping section. Has the largest collection in the city of foreign books and out-of-town news- papers. The old structure is to be torn down and a modern office building with space for a branch library built on the present site. In the meantime the old library with its dim galleries is an object of interest for its quaint architecture. Walk south on Woodward Avenue to Gratiot Avenue, on Gratiot Avenue east one block. About 5 minutes. Commercial Library, Detroit Board of Commerce, affiliated with the Detroit Pubhc Library. Corner of Lafayette Boulevard, and Wayne Street. On January 16, 1918, the Public Library established a commercial branch in the Board of Commerce, so as to serve better the needs of members and departments of the Board, with accurate and up-to-date information on business and commercial subjects. Most of the work is statistical. Walk 5 blocks south from Hotel Statler. About 10 minutes. Library, Detroit Institute of Arts, 704 E. Jefferson Avenue. Established in 1916. Maintained jointly by the Detroit Institute of Arts and the Detroit Public Library. Contains about 3,500 books relating to the fine and decorative arts and archaeology, the publications issued by American and foreign museums, dealers' catalogs, catalogs of private collections, a large number of photographs covering the history of painting and sculpture and about 20,000 lantern slides illustrating the same subjects. Schools, artists and craftsmen are the chief patrons of the library, and the aim of the Institute is to build up a strong reference collection dealing with the possessions of the Museum. Jeflferson car at Grand River Avenue to Hastings Street, or Jefferson bus. About 15 minutes. Special Libraries Albee Company, William N Louise C. Grace, Librarian Organized: September, 1920. Character of Collection: Advertising and marketing. Size: Several hundred books, pamphlets, periodicals; over a thousand trade catalogs. 19 Location: 900 Marquette Building, corner of Wayne and Congress Streets. Walk south on Washington Boulevard to Michigan Avenue, cross Michigan Avenue, continue on Wayne Street to Congress Street. Open: 8:30 A. M. to 12:00 M.; 1:00 P. M. to 5:30 P. M. Burroughs Adding Machine Company Mrs. L. E. Ball, in charge Character of Collection: Burroughs literature. Accounting, Business Education and Management, Advertising, Printing. Size: 1500 volumes. Location: 6071 Second Boulevard. Woodward Avenue car north to Burroughs Avenue; walk two blocks west. Open: 8:30 A. M. to 12:30 P. M.; 1:30 P. M. to 5:30 P. M. Detroit Bar Association Olive C. Lathrop, Librarian Organized: Library purchased from Detroit College of Law in 1915; pre- viously owned by former Detroit Bar Association. Character of Collection: Law. Size: 25,000 volumes. Location: 648 Penobscot Building, on West Fort Street. Walk south on Washington Boulevard to Cadillac Hotel, west on Michigan Avenue to Shelby Street, south on Shelby Street to Fort Street, east on Fort Street to Penobscot Building. Open: 9:00 A. M. to 9:30 P. M. Detroit Edison Company Maud A. Carabin, Librarian Organized: 1915. Character of Collection: Beference collection on Mechanical, Electrical, Civil Engineering; Architectural, Legal, Metallurgical Subjects; Public Utility Reports and Decisions; Society Proceedings from most represent- ative scientific organizations in United States and Europe; selected U. S. Documents; bound volumes of about 175 periodicals. Size: 5,000 volumes. Location: 2000 Second Avenue, Room 626, The Detroit Edison Service Building (at corner of Elizabeth Street and Second Avenue). Wedk west on Adams Avenue to Grand River Avenue; cross Grand River Ave- nue and walk about one half block north to Elizabeth Street, then west on Elizabeth Street one block to Second Avenue. Open: 8:30 A. M. to 5:00 P. M.; Saturdays until 12:00 M. Note: Technical reports, operating records of permanent value, and all re- search reports and original data appertaining thereto are kept in the Li- brary and filed according to a subject classification, especially evolved to cover this material. The outline of this classification covers about 125 typed pages, and is used as a filing guide by six other departments. Detroit News George B. Catlin, Librarian Organized: October, 1917. Character of Collection: General collection for reference in Newspaper work; Filing and Clipping department. Size: 16,000 volumes; 500,000 clippings. Location: Detroit News Building, 615 Lafayette Boulevard at Second Avenue. Walk south on Washington Boulevard to Wayne Street, south on Wayne Street to Lafayette Boulevard, west on Lafayette Boulevard to Second Avenue three blocks. Open: 8:00 A. M. to 5:00 P. M. Note: First general library established in a Newspaper Office. Very beau- tiful quarters in Renaissance style house the collection. Sight-seeing parties through the plant may be arranged. Employers' Association of Detroit Elva E. Clarke, Librarian Character of Collection: Industrial economics and labor problems. Size: Small collection of books, also current clippings and pamphlets. 20 Location: 1319 Book Building, Washington Boulevard. Walk two blocks south from Hotel Statler on Washington Boulevard. Open: 8:30 A. M. to 5:00 P. M.; except Saturday 8:30 A. M. to 12:00 M. First National Bank Laronda Gilbert, Librarian Organized: 1922. Character of Collection: Circulating Library, Banking and allied sub- jects. Size: About 500 volumes. Location: First National Bank Building on Woodward Avenue and Cadillac Square. Walk south on Woodward Avenue to Cadillac Square. Open: 9:00 A. M. to 5:00 P. M. Parke, Davis and Company Barbara Ortwine, Librarian / Organized: 1894. \/ Character of Collection: Bacteriology, Physiology, Parasitology, Gen- eral Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, and Botany. Size: About 12,000 volumes and 300 journals. Location: Parke, Davis & Co., Biological Building, foot of McDougall Avenue. Woodward Avenue car south, transfer to Jefferson Avenue car (East) ; or bus. Open: 8:00 A. M. to 12:00 M.; 1:00 P. M. to 5:00 P. M. and Saturday 8:00 A. M. to 12:00 M. Note: Visitors should apply to Dr. E. M. Houghton, Medical Besearch and Biological Laboratories. Wayne County Medical Society Ethel L. Goff, Librarian Organized: 1910. Character of Collection: Medicine. Size: 14,800 volumes. Location: 65 E. High Street. Walk four blocks north of Grand Circus Park on Woodward Avenue to High Street. Open: 10:00 A. M. to 6:00 P. M. Public Libraries Near Detroit McGregor Public Library of Highland Park Katharyne G. Sleneau, Librarian Organized: October 11, 1919. Size: 18,000 volumes. Location: 12244 Woodward Avenue, Highland Park. Take Woodward Avenue car north to Bhode Island Avenue. Open: 9:30 A. M. to 9:00 P. M. Note: Highland Park has a population of 46,500, according to 1920 census. It was a village of only 4,120 in 1910. It has had the largest increase, excepting only Hamtramck, its neighbor, of any city in the United States. It has been a unique experience to start a library in so large a city, and to keep up with its demands. Port Huron Public Library Constance Bement, Librarian ORGAmzED: 1896. Size: 29,000 volumes. Location: 1115 Sixth Street (one block west of Harrington Hotel), Port Huron. Reached from Detroit: Detroit United Railway (Limited cars run every two hours) ; or by boat. Open: 9:00 A. M. to 9:00 P. M.; Sundays 2:00 P. M. to 5:30 P. M. Note: Small museum; special collection of Michigan maps. 21 St. Clair County Library Service. Constance Bement, Librarian Organized: 1917. Size: Uses book resources of Port Huron Library; consists of six rural branches. Location: 1115 Sixth Street (Port Huron Public Library). Reached from Detroit: Detroit United Railway; or by boat. Open: 9:00 A. M. to 9:00 P. M.; Sundays, 2:00 P. M. to 5:30 P. M. Sarnia (Canada) Public Library Ruby Harkness, Librarian Organized: 1899. Size: 17,000 volumes. Location: Carnegie Library Building, Sarnia, Canada. Reached from Detroit: Grand Trunk Railway to Port Huron; or by boat. Open: 10:00 A. M. to 5:30 P. M.; 7:00 P. M. to 9:30 P. M. Note: Has display of Canadian paintings loaned by National Art Gallery, Ottawa, Ontario. Wayne County Library Service. Loleta L Dawson, Librarian Organized: January, 1921. Size: 6,000 volumes; consists of thirteen library centers. Location: Scripps Branch of Detroit Public Library, corner of Grand River and Trumbull Avenues. Walk south on Washington Boulevard two blocks to Grand River Avenue; and take Grand River car. Open: 10:00 A. M. to 5:00 P. M. Windsor (Canada) Public Library... Agnes Lancefield, Librarian Organized: December 6, 1894. Size: About 33,414 volumes. Location: 400 Victoria Avenue, corner Park Street and Victoria Avenue, Windsor, Canada. Reached from Detroit: Woodward Avenue car south to river, then take Windsor Ferry. Library is four blocks from Windsor Dock. Open: 9:00 A. M. to 9:30 P. M. Ypsilanti Ladies Library Lucy B. Loomis, Librarian Organized: 1868. Size: About 1200 volumes. Location: Starkweather Library, 130 North Huron Street. Reached from Detroit: Michigan Central Railroad or Detroit United Railway. Open: 3:00 P. M. to 8:00 P. M.; Saturday, 10:00 A. M. to 12:00 M. In close proximity to Detroit are many small cities and towns with interesting libraries, such as Royal Oak, Birmingham, Mt. Clemens and others. Directions for reaching them may be secured at the Information Desk. School Libraries Thirty of the platoon (elementary) schools of Detroit have libraries. They are controlled by the Board of Education which supphes the room, equipment and books. In buildings located more than three quarters of a mile from any public library agency the Public Library has purchased a collection of children's 22 books and placed them in the school libraries as a permanent de- posit. The amount of money spent in each school is determined by the enrollment above the second grade. Representatives of the Board of Education meet in conference with representatives of the Schools Division and Children's De- partment of the Public Library to select books for purchase and to discuss administrative problems. Librarians are appointed and paid by the Board of Education. The Librarian of the Public Library is given an opportunity to review all applications for appointment. Platoon School Libraries were opened in 1921 and 1922 in the following schools: Angell, Balch, Bishop, Carstens, Columbian, Cooper, Cros- MAN, Davison, Doty, Dwyer, Estabrook, George, Greusel, Keating, Lincoln, Hely, A. L. Holmes, Lingeman, Long- fellow, *McMiCHAEL, *Marr, Marxhausen, Maybee, Moore, *Pattengill, Russell, Sampson, Thirkell, White and Wingert. In February, 1922, libraries were opened in the following In- termediate Schools: Barbour, *Hutchins and Condon. High School Libraries *Cass Technical High Grand River Avenue and Second Boulevard Number of Volumes, 4,500. Organized in 1909. *Central High Cass Avenue between Hancock and Warren Number of volumes, 12,850. Organized in 1893. Eastern Grand Boulevard E. and Mack Avenue Number of volumes, 4,500. Organized in 1900. 23 Northeastern 4830 Grandy Avenue Number of volumes, 3,300. Organized in 1917. Northern 9026 Woodward Avenue Number of volumes, 3,000. Organized in 1917. Northwestern 6300 Grand River Avenue Number of volumes, 5,000. Organized in 1914. Southeastern 3030 Fairview Avenue Number of volumes, 3,500. Organized in 1918. Western 1500 Scotten Avenue Number of volumes, 4,000. Organized in 1898. *Teachers College Library 2112 Grand Boulevard, W. Number of volumes, 10,300. Organized in 1900. Board of Education Library 1354 Broadway Organized in 1919. *Libraries open during the convention. State and University Libraries Davis Library of Highway Engineering and Highway Transport Harriet E. Lambert, Librarian Organized: 1910 by National Highways Association. Character of Collection: Highway engineering and highway transport and aUied subjects. Location: Room 407, Engineering Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Reached from Detroit: Via Detroit United Railway, or Michigan Central Railroad. 24 Open: 8:00 A. M. to 12:00 M. and 1:30 P. M. to 5:00 P. M,, Mondays to Fridays; 8:00 A. M. to 12:00 M. Saturdays. Note: Contains the most complete collection of literature on highway en- gineering and highway transport in the United States. Michigan Agricultural College Library Mrs. Linda E. Landon, Librarian Organized: 1857. Size: About 48,000 volumes (not including documents). Location: East Lansing, Michigan. Reached from Detroit: Michigan Central Railroad or Pere Marquette Railroad to Lansing; street cars to college. Open: 7:30 A. M. to 9:00 P. M.; Sundays 10:00 A. M. to 1:00 P. M. and 2:00 P. M. to 5:00 P. M. Michigan State Library Mrs. Mary C. Spencer, Librarian Organized: 1828. Size: 300,000 volumes. Location: Law Library in Capitol Building; General Library in new State Building, corner Washtenaw and Walnut Streets, Lansing, Michigan. Reached from Detroit: Via Michigan Central, Pere Marquette, or Grand Trunk Railways. Open: 8:00 A. M. to 5:00 P. M.; Saturday 8:00 A. M. to 4:00 P. M. Michigan State Normal College Library G. M. Walton, Librarian Organized: 1852. Size: 50,000 volumes. Location: College Campus, corner Cross and Brower Streets, Ypsilanti, Michigan. Reached from Detroit: By Michigan Central Railroad or Detroit United Railway. Open: 7:00 A. M. to 9:00 P. M. Note: Has a special library in Training Department of 4,000 volumes and 5,000 pictures, for teachers and pupils of the elementary schools. University of Detroit, School of Commerce and Finance Library Rev. H. W. Otting, S. J., in charge Size: 500 volumes. Location: 630 East Jefferson Avenue, Room 215. Reached from Hotel Statler: Woodward Avenue car south, transfer to Jefferson E. ; or Jefferson bus. Open: 9:00 A. M. to 3:00 P. M. University of Michigan, General Library William W. Bishop, Librarian Organized: 1837. Size: 457,847 volumes. Location: General Library, University of Michigan. Reached from Detroit: By the Michigan Central Railroad or by the Detroit United Railway. Open: 7:45 A. M. to 10:00 P. M. Note: The General Library includes all the libraries of the University ex- cept the Law Library, which contains over 40,000 volumes and is housed separate- ly in the Law BuUding. The only collections having separate rooms in other build- ings are the Law Library, just mentioned, the Natural Science Library (16,648 vol- umes). Natural Science Building; Chemistry Library (10,788 volumes). Chemical Laboratory; Engineering and Architectursd Libraries (19,220 volumes), Engineer- ing Building; Dental Library (3,644 volumes), Dental Building. The Medical 25 Library is housed in the General Library Building but has separate Reading Rooms for medical students (32,598 volumes). The General Library Building, which was dedicated in January 1920, contains a General Reading Room, a Periodical Reading Room, a Medical Reading Room, two Study Halls, four Graduate Reading Rooms, and a number of class rooms be- sides the offices of the Library Staff and the Printing and Binding Plant. The Building is fire-proof, of reinforced concrete construction, and interesting as show- ing modern methods in library design. There is a series of Rare Books' Rooms, with a Curator's Office, containing bibliographical treasures belonging to the University. The special collections are: Shakespeare; Goethe; Carlyle; Parsons Economic Library; Worcester Collection of the Philippine Islands; the Morris Philosophical Library. The files of scientific, technical and philological journals are extensive, as are the transactions of learned societies and academies. The Clements Library of American History is being erected. The books are still in Bay City. Library Extension Service of the University Library consists of the distri- bution of pamphlets, clippings and magazines to high schools and various organi- zations throughout the state, such as Parent-Teachers' Associations, Public Health Nurses, Women's Clubs, Granges, etc. The work is in charge of Miss Edith Thomas. Buildings and Parks Detroit is usually known as an industrial city. Certain artistic features of some of its prominent buildings and open spaces, general- ly overlooked, are here pointed out as worthy of note, together with some legendary or historical data, and some other facts which may be interesting. Buildings First National Bank Building (Woodward Avenue at Cadillac Square) Rising three hundred and twelve feet above the street level, the First National Bank Building, with its Corinthian columns sup- porting tier upon tier of Bedford stone blocks, creates an impression of dignity and stability. The seventy-four bell-shaped concrete shafts forming the foundations of this twenty-five story structure extend eighty-five feet below street level, the lowest level of the building proper being thirty-five feet below the street. The three entrances from Woodward Avenue open into a spa- cious lobby from which an ornate marble staircase leads to the bank- ing quarters of the First National Bank. Here the design of the rich frieze, ceiling and bronze griUings reflects the Renaissance spirit. The mezzanine floor is given over to advertising, legal and ser- vice departments and the bank library, while the upper floors are 26 devoted to business offices, directors' rooms and dining rooms for employees. The entrance to the safety deposit vaults is directly under the grand stairway. These vaults are the first in the west to be built in accordance with the findings of the Federal Reserve Board. Due to its height and advantageous position, a better view of the city and its environs may be had from the roof of this building than from any other point. General Motors Building (West Grand Boulevard between Cass Avenue and Second Boulevard) Simple, straighforward construction and fine materials are ef- fectively combined in this structure which bears the distinction of be- ing the largest office building in the world designed to meet the needs of a single corporation. The main portion fronting on the Boulevard is comprised of ground-floor shops for the display of products of the corporation with office building above. To the rear is a five-story laboratory for technical research purposes. The chief architectiual features of the main building are the ground floor arcade and the shaft of piers with uniform windows. Above the shaft is a Corinthian colonnade surmounted by a digni- fied cornice. The triple-arched loggia with its Ionic columns of pofished gran- ite has a vaulted ceihng of coff'ered and skillfully carved stone. The entrance doorways are of Tennessee marble carved after the design of an old Roman doorway. All the ornamentation is of the early Italian Renaissance style. Above the center arch of the main en- trance is a monumental clock supported by two sculptured figures representing Chemistry and Mechanics. R. H. Fyfe Building (Woodward Avenue and Adams Avenue, West) Viewed from any angle, the slim, graceful silhouette of the R. H. Fyfe Building is a source of never-ending pleasure to the eye. J The soaring Gothic lines of this dignified gray stone structure are strengthened by the upward sweep of the windows whose span- drels of dark bronze are so designed as to secure an eff'ect of contin- uous, unbroken line. A happy sense of balance obtains not only in 27 the masses but also in the details in which fine proportion and re- finement of scale are consistently maintained. Real Estate Exchange Building (Cadillac Square) Variety and interest is introduced in Detroit's skyUne by the white Gothic spires which top the twenty-story shaft of the Real Estate Exchange Building. White terracotta with applied bronze ornament in simple Gothic style forms the fagade of this busy office building, while the arcade corridor is handsome with green and white marble, bronze decorations and arched ceiling. Arts and Crafts Society (47 Watson Street) In this building, work rooms for craftsmen, shops where their handiwork may be purchased, galleries, reception rooms and a uni- quely equipped theatre have been provided. The unpretentious charm of English domestic architecture is here happily exempfified in the soft brown stucco walls, the red tile roof with its gay chimney pots of blue and yellow Pewabic tiles and its flagged court-yard. Capitol Theatre (Broadway at Grand Circus Park) Said to be fifth largest moving picture theatre in the world, it covers three-quarters of a city block and seats 4,250. The lighting system is said to be the most complete ever de- vised for a theatre. Ten thousand lights are used for its illumina- tion though less than one hundred are visible. Woman's Exchange (47 Adams Avenue, East) The facade is fashioned in the style of the Butcher's Guild at Hereford, England, even to the faithful reproduction of the quaint gable carvings and rope and tassel ornaments of the original. The interior has been modified as fittle as is consistent with modern re- quirements. Hotel Statler The general architectural treatment of the interior follows the Adam Style. 28 The two lower stories are of buff Indiana limestone on a granite base while the shaft of the building is of wire-cut brick laid with mortar in Enghsh cross bond thus giving an effective pattern in the wall surfaces. The three upper stories are of brick and terra cotta ornamented with Adamesque placques and classic urns. Churches Church of the Messiah, corner Grand Boulevard and Lafayette Avenue, E. Fine reredos by I. Kirchmayer, woodcarver, Oberammergau. First Congregational Church, Woodward Avenue at Forest Avenue. One of the finest examples of Byzantine architecture in America. Tower like those of Jaro and Jak in Dalmatia. Interior like lower Church of St. Francis of Assisi. Side arches copies of those in St. Vitale and Museum at Ravenna. Architect, John Lyman Faxon, Boston. Stained glass, Donald McDonald, Boston. Tower angel, J. L. J. O'Kelly, Boston. Axtist for ceiling decorations, Miss Lyle Durgon, Boston. First Unitarian Church, Woodward Avenue at Edmund Place. Stained glass windows, John La Farge. Merrill window: Erected by Mrs. Thomas W. Palmer to her father Charles Merrill, one of the founders of the First Unitarian Church. Placed in 1890. Bagley window: Erected to Governor John J. Bagley. Inscription "Write me as one who loves his fellow men." Remick window: Erected to Royal Clark Remick. Several interpretations: (1) Angel of Help; (2) Angel pouring the waters of life; (3) Angel washing away the sins of the world. Boynton window: Erected to Judge Albert G. Boynton. Design is that of knight taking off armor at close of day, entering portal of another life. Inscription from Edwin Arnold's "Death in Arabia." Fort Street Presbyterian Church, corner Fort Street and Third Avenue. Called one of the finest examples of pure Gothic architecture in America. Lantern tower in northeast corner, spires and interior trusses supporting roof especially fine. Mariners' Church, Woodbridge Street and Woodward Avenue. First stone church in Michigan. Erected in 1849 with funds provided by bequests of Miss Charlotte A. Taylor and her sister Mrs. Julia Ann Anderson. Lower floor has always been used for business purposes, thus providing in- come for maintenance. Pews forever free. Episcopal services each Sunday 12:30 P. M. 29 Ste. Anne de Detroit, 19th and Howard Streets. Original church founded by Cadillac in 1701. Mother parish of all Catholic churches of the city. Three times burned, this building is the sixth to be occupied by this parish. St. Leo's Catholic Church, Grand River Avenue near Warren Avenue, West. Modelled after the Madeleine in Paris. Italian Renaissance style. One of the largest auditoriums in the United States entirely without pilleirs; seats 1800. St, Paul's (Episcopal) Cathedral, Woodward Avenue at Hancock Avenue. Architect, Ralph Adams Cram. Altar of Caen stone contains replica of the Maltese cross of the Canterbury Cathedral (14th century). Windows over Altar (Eaton Memorial) represent scenes in the life of Christ from Palm Sunday to Ascension. Reredos: Carved oak, by I. Kirchmayer. Figures: Christ, St. John, St. Peter and St. Paul; the Virgin, St. Augustine of Canterbury and St. Columba of lona. Pulpit and lectern by I. Kirchmayer. Tile work in sanctuary choir and aisles is of Pewabic tiling, unusual and re- markable for coloring. Ceiling: Coats of arms of dioceses in America; coats of arms of Michigan; roses, connecting with English tradition; three crosses for Trinity, the central doctrine of the church; green field for agricultural interests; pine cones for lumber. Parks BELLE ISLE 707 acres. 23^ miles long; 53^ miles of shore drive; 143^ miles of driveway. Is 18 inches above lake level but is never submerged. Points of Interest East Side of Island: Bathhouse, designed by W. B. Stratton. Detroit Boat Club (oldest boat club in America, organized in 1839). Detroit Yacht Club. Flagstaff: near Casino, 146 feet high; two cannons nearby: one captured in harbor defence of Santiago, July 4, 1898; one from Battle of Vicksburg. Aquarium: Contains 44 waU tanks; 3 floor pools. Many varieties of fresh and salt water fish. Zoological Gardens: Covers 15 acres and contains about 60 species of birds and animals — bears, buffalos, deer, elk, ostriches, etc. Conservatories: Contain plants from all parts of the world. Boat Houses: Where canoes may be rented, near steamboat wharf. Playgrounds are located near the center of the park, where are also tennis courts and ball grounds. A public golf course is laid out near the head of the island. Drinking Fountains: W. K. Muir memorial fountain erected in 1897. Fountain presented by James E. Scripps "Newsboy and his dog." Frederick A. T. Dunbar, sculptor. Belle Isle Canal Scene Monuments: Schiller, Herman N. Matzen, of Cleveland, sculptor. General Aipheus Williams equestrian statue, Henry Merwin Schrady, sculptor. Scott fountain now in process of construction. Cass Gilbert, designer. James Scott bequeathed his entire fortune to the city for the erection of a memorial fountain on Belle Isle. South portion of island has been fiUed in for this purpose, thus adding 45 acres to area. History: Original purchase price when George McDougall bought the Island from the Indians in 1780 is said to have been 8 bar- rels of rum, 6 pounds of paints, 3 rolls of tobacco and wampum. 31 It was infested by rattlesnakes; so a herd of hogs was turned in to exterminate them; hence the name Hog Island or Isle au Cochons. Renamed Belle Isle July 4, 1845, in honor of Miss Isabella Cass. Bought by city in 1879 for $200,000. Now valued at $20,000,000. Belle Isle Bridge: Of reinforced concrete and of cantilever type with 19 spans. Total length 2,193 feet. It will be 85 feet wide, with 59 feet of roadway to accommodate 4 automobiles going in each direction, with a 12 foot walk on each side. GreiHng Bros., Green Bay, Wis. and Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company of JVIilwaukee, contractors. Subway under Jefferson Avenue leading to bridge 171 feet long. PALMER PARK 614, miles from the City Hall on Woodward Avenue. 13^2 miles long; 600-1200 feet wide; contains about 130 acres. Laid out as a park in 1870; presented to the city in 1893 by Senator Thomas W. Palmer, whose family had owned the land since 1827. Includes two lakes; several islands; Log cabin, built of round logs with chimney at either end. Furnished in the fashion of 100 years ago. Campus Martius, provided for in Governor Woodward's plan of the city. It was named for the principal square in Marietta, Ohio, the first capital of the old Northwest Territory. Across from the City Hall is the Soldiers' and Sailors' monument, by Randolph Rogers, erected in 1871. Two fountains are memo- rials: Bagley fountain, designed by H. H. Richardson, given by the Bagley family Merrill fountain, in the triangle in front of the Opera House, given by Senator and Mrs. Thomas W. Palmer as a memorial to Mrs. Palmer's family. Capitol Square Park. Triangular park at the head of Griswold Street. It was the site of the old capitol before Lansing was made state capital. The building was afterwards used as a high school, and was destroyed by fire in 1894. The park con- tains the statue of Stevens T. Mason, first governor of the State 32 of Michigan, by Albert Weinman. Bronze from old cannon, donated by the War department, was used for the statue. It was unveiled Memorial Day, 1908. Cass Park, 2nd Boulevard, between Ledyard Street and Temple Avenue, donated by Lewis Cass in 1860. Contains the Robert Burns statue, an exact replica of a statue by George C. Lawson, at Ayr, Scotland. Grand Circus Park, contemplated in Governor Woodward's plan of the city. It is shaped like a half-circle. Adams Avenue on the north marks the boundary of the section of the city laid out according to the "Governor and Judges' plan." It was originally intended to be circular in shape, being one of the "Grand Circles or Circuses," which with smaller centers for converging streets were to provide breathing places for the great city which Judge WoodwEird foresaw. West park: Hazen S. Pingree monument by Schwartz. East park: William H. Maybury monument (Albert Weinman, sculptor), erected by popular subscription ; also General Russell A. Alger memorial fountain (D. C. French, sculptor). Washington Boulevard Park (central). Extends four blocks from Michigan Avenue to Park Avenue. At the north end: statue of Columbus, donated to the city by the Italians of Detroit. At the south end, near Michigan Avenue: statue of GenereJ Alexander Macomb (Albert Weinman, sculptor), erected by U. S. Daughters of 1812. Waterworks Park or Gladwin Park is situated between the river front and Jefferson Avenue E. Four miles from City Hall. At the entrance to the park is the Hurlbut Memorial Gate of granite, erected by the Board of Water Commissioners to Chauncey Hurlbut, an early Water Commissioner, who left $250,000 for the maintenance of the park grounds and a library (The Chauncey Hurlbut Branch of the Public Library) . A floral clock is a feature of the park. 33 Centers for Social Work For some years past the influx of foreign-born peoples into Detroit has been heavy, until now the foreign races almost over- balance the native-born white stock. There is a flourishing Chinese colony in the city and on Porter Street near Third Avenue may be found some interesting Chinese shops. There are, also, many Chinese restaurants in various localities about town. A Moham- medan mosque has been built in Highland Park for the many Syrian and Turkish adherents of that faith who have settled there, at- tracted by the Ford industries. The Italian groups are found, for the most part, on the East side, especially on the streets bordering the River and between Hastings and Elmwood Streets. There is another Italian group somewhat to the north of this, and in almost the exact center of a very large negro settlement. On the far west- ern end of the city between Dix and West Warren Avenues and on the East side in Hamtramck and south of it are large Polish colonies. The nationality and racial characteristics predominating in these various groups lend a touch of interest to ofttimes sordid surround- ings. Some of the more notable attempts at social betterment in Detroit are mentioned in the following brief summary (facts sup- plied by the Detroit Community Union): Serving as an interpreting and recruiting agency under the Young Women's Christian Association, the International Institute (2015 Witherell Street) aims to create a sympathetic relationship between American and foreign-born women. It maintains a foreign speaking staff", and through co-operation with other agencies secures protection, instruction and recreation for the newly-arrived im- migrant girl, and provides classes in child care and domestic science for women of all nationalities. The Tau Beta association (3055 Hanley Avenue, Hamtramck) is in the heart of a Polish neighborhood. The new building in which the work is conducted is most interesting and provides for a day nursery, a neighborhood laundry with modern facilities and for domestic science departments. A wide variety of activities which have a triple aim are conducted: recreation, education, Ameri- canization, the recreational work being under the direction of pro- 34 fessional play leaders. The Babies' Milk Fund Clinic operates from Tau Beta community house. Several experiments organized along religious lines are of un- usual interest. Among these are the United Jewish charities (687 High Street E.) which is engaged in contructive family case work, clinics, Americanization, etc. It maintains the Jewish Institute, a community center doing very comprehensive work. The Wein- man settlement (1573 Lamed Street, E.) and St. Ann's Community House (2441 Andrus Avenue) are maintained by the League of Catholic women. At Weinman Street the usual settlement activi- ties are carried on, but St. Ann's is equipped to care for immigrant Polish girls who have but recently arrived in the city or who are out of work. Classes in English and citizenship, home nursing, recreation and sewing are among the activities conducted. South of Jefferson Avenue is a large district with a polyglot population in which Rumanians, Greek, Syrians and Armenians predominate. Here the Franklin Street settlement (2129 Franklin Street) conducts neighborhood visiting, neighborhood parties and dances, classes in physical education for both children and adults, clinics, both prenatal and baby welfare, a day nursery, an employ- ment bureau and various other activities. Chase Street neighborhood house (1434 Chase Street) was organized by the Twentieth Century Club in the midst of this densely populated Italian and Sicilian neighborhood. Here Ameri- canization work has been stressed. Other activities include cook- ing classes, classes in English, and a kindergarten. For delinquent children, there are two institutions which are of more than passing interest. One is the Juvenile Detention Home (1030 Hancock Avenue, E.) where children who are being held as witnesses or whose cases are pending are sheltered and cared for. The other, the Ford Republic, is maintained at Farmington by the Boys' Home and D'Arcambal association for boys from ten to six- teen years who are committed by the Wayne County Juvenile court on an indeterminate sentence. The institution is operated on the principles of self-government and the boys elect their own officers and handle matters of discipline in a citizen's court presided over by a judge selected from among themselves, issue all their own rules and circulate their own currency. A graded school sys- 35 tern is maintained and a certain amount of farm work is done by the boys. At Farmington are also located the first units of the Methodist Children's Home, and certain of the buildings of the Children's Free Hospital of Michigan — an institution of especial interest of- fering school training and orthopaedic treatment to its patients. The Merrill-Palmer school (71 Ferry Avenue E.) is an experi- mental school operated upon an endowment fund bequeathed by Mrs. Lizzie Merrill Palmer for the maintenance of a school at which girls and young women may be "educated, trained, developed and disciplined with special reference to fitting them for the functions of wifehood and motherhood and the management, supervision and inspiration of homes." Courses of instruction are given and a nursery school for children of pre-school age is maintained in charge of graduates of English schools. The Detroit Urban League maintains at 1911 St. Antoine Street a clearing house for social service among negroes. It also operates a community center in the heart of a negro district at 553 Columbia Street. Here there is a baby clinic, a domestic science training school, sewing, music and dancing classes, and club rooms for boys and girls. The Detroit Bureau of Governmental Research (542 Griswold Street) is a non-partisan organization, taking no part in elec- tions or appointments. It attempts "to get things done for De- troit through co-operation with persons in office by increasing ef- ficiency and ehminating waste; to serve as an independent, non- partisan agency for keeping the citizens informed about the city's business." The Bureau pubhshes at intervals a very interesting little bulletin called "Public Business," in which appear from time to time digests of city reports, and various compilations of statistical data of considerable importance. The Detroit Community Union (542 Griswold Street) is the local association of charitable, philanthropic and civic agencies which was organized to secure economy and efficiency among them, to eliminate duplication of eff'ort and to meet adequately the social needs of the city. The financial end of the social welfare work of the city of Detroit has, since 1918, been organized as a financial federation known as the Detroit Community Fund. This organiza-r tion is responsible for the acquisition and disbursement of funds to 36 local philanthropic, charitable and civic organizations and to foreign rehef agencies. The 1921 campaign for funds enlisted the support of 115,000 subscribers and raised $2,300,000. The Development of Detroit Industries The economic development of Detroit's manufacturing interests took place after the coming of the Americans into this district and as transportation facilities increased. During the French regime in the eighteenth century, commerce and industrial interests con- sisted chiefly in the fur trade, in flour mills, in soap, candles, liquors and in tanneries. Later under the British, conditions remained unchanged, outside of the introduction of ship-building, which be- came one of Detroit's chief industries, as the Detroit yards were the only ones on the Great Lakes. From 1820 to 1880 there was a considerable increase in the variety and value of manufactures. In this period, the most im- portant industries that were introduced were the manufacture of drugs, tobacco, cigars, varnish, stoves, copper, iron and steel, foun- dry and machinery, slaughtering and packing products. In 1899 the automobile industry was developed with the manufacture of the Oldsmobile, and today Detroit ranks as the automotive capitol of the world. That Detroit became the home of such an industry is due more or less to the fact that Michigan ranked as one of the first states in the manufacture of carriages, wagons and wheels. Although at the present time the production of motor cars and automobile accessories comprises the greatest percent of any particular kind of manufactured product, Detroit also stands prom- inent in the production of many other kinds of manufactured goods, such as stoves, computing machines, and varnish. The relative status of the various industries in Detroit as regards v alue of their products is as follows: first in the manufacture of automobiles, in which this city ranks first in the country, second in foundry and machine shop products, third in brass and brass products, in which it stands second in the country, fourth in computing machines, fifth in pharmaceuticals, sixth in tobacco and cigars, seventh in the chemical industry, eighth in the stove industry, ninth in iron and steel products and tenth in aluminum casting. 37 Recreational Facilities BELLE ISLE is Detroit's most easily available playground. A pleasant way to reach it is by ferry boat lea ving every twenty minutes from the foot of Woodward Avenue. Many people enjoy taking picnic suppers on board the boat and riding during the evening with- out going ashore. Fare 20 cents. The Belle Isle Bath House, a short walk from the main ferry dock has accommodations for 20,000 swimmers a day : reasonable charge for suits and towels. Canoes may be rented on the island from the Belle Isle boat house near the main ferry dock for 20 cents an hour. Both swini- ing and canoeing are extremely popular with Detroiters. The most direct route to the Bath House and to the upper, less-frequented end of the Island is by Jefferson bus to Belle Isle bridge, and City bus or small ferry boat direct to the Bath House. Free tennis courts are available on the Island. Walks through the woods toward the upper end and along the outer drive are at- tractive. Fire places are provided for outdoor cooking. There is also a Casino which serves meals. GROSSE POINTE on Lake St. Clair is Detroit's most beauti- ful residence section and should not be missed. Take Jefferson bus to the city limits, Wier Lane street car to Country Club, and walk along the lake shore. Car returning to the city may be taken at Wier Leme. This trip needs about three hours, but it is worth that time. CRANBROOK ESTATE, owned by Mr. George Booth, is reached by Pontiac interurban car to Cranbrook road in Bloomfield Hills, 1 hour and 15 minutes from the city. Modelled after Enghsh estates, lying in an attractive walking district, it makes a pleasant objective point for a drive or walk. Cranbrook has an open air theatre where Mr. Sam Hume and others have presented plays. The Lone Pine Tea Room on Woodward Avenue, at Lone Pine Road, furnishes excellent food. GROSSE ILE is a beautiful island down the river. It is best reached by automobile via Wyandotte and Trenton, but a Trenton interurban car passes the Grosse He toll bridge. From there it is about a two-mile walk to the outer shore of the island. 1 hour and 30 minutes each way by interurban, plus walking time. For further suggestions and for facilities for tennis, horseback riding, hiking, baseball, bowhng, billards, and dancing, ask at the Information desk. 38 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 753 522 3