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 absolute Curriculum: 
 
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 1 OCT 12 1900 
 
 Copyright ootry 
 StCCND COPY. 
 
 D* Uv*««rf to 
 
 04W.H P.VSI0N, 
 
 ®^ <t. a. Boweber, 
 
 6 
 
 Champaign, Illinois' 
 
 1000. 
 
 1 
 
The work of the School is to deduce the absolute curriculum 
 and to acquaint man with it. The work of the Church is to per- 
 suade man to heed it. 
 
 
 SDttiicatcti to 
 
 that appearing- SOLIDARITY, that inspiring- and 
 progressive principle of the twentieth century, the 
 mutual interest and welfare of all mankind, the right- 
 ful manipulation of energy; to its greatest advocate 
 and protector, my beloved country, THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA, and to that strong-est guar- 
 anty for the perpetuity of them both, our noble SYS- 
 TEM OP PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Heaven is that place where energy is being perfectly manipu- 
 lated. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This pamphlet is an attempt to present the ground 
 plans of an absolute curriculum. The purport of the 
 curriculum of every educationist in the land is to pre- 
 sent that line of information which, by its use, the 
 learner may be enabled to more nearly coordinate with 
 the rest of mankind in the responsibilities of life. 
 And it would be well, if possible, to find a common 
 basis from which all curricula may be derived, and 
 thereby determined as to their comparatively funda- 
 mental or derivative relations in positive terms. Such 
 is believed to be possible, and the scheme for the con- 
 summation of which is hereby presented, with the 
 hope that what the reader may at first consider as an 
 apparent presumption will prove to be the embodiment 
 of truth. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Champaign, Illinois, 1900. 
 
 C.^, A. Bowsher. 
 
 Copyrighted and Published 
 By the Author. 
 
 Printed and Bound by The Gazette. 
 
w 
 
THE ABSOLUTE CURRICULUM 
 
 ITS BASIS 
 
 When a dweller on the broad plains of the Missis- 
 sippi Valley visits for the first time the mountains of 
 the west, say the vicinity of Denver, his sense of sig-ht 
 apparently becomes deranged. He experiences a con- 
 viction of failure in coordinating- with his environ- 
 ment. The perspective appears distorted, the units 
 of measurement become wonderfully magnified and 
 things are not what they seem. He is profoundly 
 impressed with a magnificent simplicity found every- 
 where in the most wonderful profusion and variety. 
 Scenes of grandeur combined in colossal and pictur- 
 esque proportions impress him with the truly awful 
 and sublime. In his singular confusion, a point of 
 view is intuitively sought for from which he may 
 orient himself, rectify the units of measurements and 
 gauge the perspective. Accordingly, one finds him- 
 self nicely situated at the University of Denver, south- 
 east of the city and with face westward ho, makes a 
 first general survey. There limned against the clear 
 blue of a western sky is perceived the front rank of 
 the serried hosts of the great continental divide. It 
 appears at first blush that some Titan had piled a 
 jagged and precipitous ridge before you. At the 
 
 5 
 
southwest end, 75 miles distant, like a sentinel, stands 
 the prominence of Pike's Peak capped in white. At 
 equal distance to the northwest is Long's Peak simi- 
 larly imposing- and bedecked. Between them, arranged 
 in stately company front, are many valorous forms as 
 yet unnamed and unsung-. On viewing- this vast array 
 of grandeur mantled in the various shades of green of 
 mig-hty forests, the whole g-amut of emotions is 
 thrumbed. On due experience, perhaps, you will feel 
 like the rough rider who, after scaling succeeding 
 heights through vistas of beauty indescribable, impul- 
 sively arose in his stirrups and with sombrero aloft, 
 shouted enthusiastically, " Hurrah, hurrah for God!" 
 As it is in this little bit of objective reality, so it 
 is in the subjective realm. Man contemplates upon 
 the activities of his kind. From the even tenor of 
 his way he views the surging forces of the subjective 
 world. He compares them with the annals of the 
 past. After sieges of arduous toil he adjusts himself 
 to a rational perspective, constructs appropriate units 
 of measurement and orients himself from an univer- 
 sal point of view. He conceives of the doctrines of 
 Confucius and Mencius, of Brahman and Buddha, of 
 Moses and Jesus Christ, of Parmenides, Socrates, 
 Plato and Aristotle, of Caesar and Cicero, of Moham- 
 med, of Bacon, Descartes, Newton, Darwin, LeSage 
 and Clerk Maxwell. Through all these various doc- 
 trines, a simple truth appears in magnificent simplicity 
 in the most wonderful profusion and variety. As the 
 trained geologist views the great uplift and conceives 
 
it related to some basic substratum of which the 
 stately range is but a wrinkle and the hig-hest peak 
 but a grain of sand, so the mind must view the great 
 uplift and trend of civilization from some basic and 
 simple impulse and motive of man and from which em- 
 anate the doctrines of these peaks of humanity. This 
 basic theme, this central idea for which all philosophy 
 has soug-ht, this psychological pole star and intellec- 
 tual compass by which the activities of man may be 
 coordinated and adjusted in their proper latitudes and 
 longitudes and from which man may inquire of his 
 destiny is a reality, a basic substratum, it is an ideal 
 that remains the same yesterday, today and forever. 
 Upon its basic principle rests the real of human rela- 
 tions today, our confidence in the future and all that 
 was g-ood and true in the past. It is the basis of an 
 absolute curriculum. 
 
 To attain the meaning- of this absolute curricu- 
 lum, we must subject our minds to the dictates of the 
 universal psychological law. This law is believed to 
 be as absolute for the activities of the mind as the 
 law of gravitation is for the factors of objective 
 reality, for the awful avalanche or the tiny capillaries 
 of the mountains returning- their waters to the mater- 
 nal flood. By it may any two minds be related in 
 positive terms. The law is as follows: Any two minds 
 may attain identical opinions concerning- the same 
 thing-, provided they speak the same lang-uag-e, use 
 the same terminolog-y, employ the same units of meas- 
 urement for contrasting- conceptions, classify deduc- 
 
8 
 
 tions by the same system of coordination and have 
 the same point of view. 
 
 In attuning- our minds to these five requirements 
 of the law, let us satisfy the fourth first, the system 
 of coordination, since the first and second are reason- 
 ably well known. And, too, let us postulate that 
 anything- whatever that may be thought upon be 
 termed a world relation; then all world relations may 
 be grossly classified into objective reality, subjective 
 reality and pure subjective. 
 
 Objective reality includes all terrestrial relations 
 independent of man. 
 
 Subjective reality includes all terrestrial relations 
 dependent on man. 
 
 Pure subjective includes those world relations not 
 wholly controlled by the universal psychological law. 
 
 What is objective reality? What are relations 
 independent of man? Imagine him stricken from the 
 face of the earth, what world relations would yet 
 remain? The fundamental, the absolute, the object- 
 ive and the eternal. Would the winds then blow, car- 
 rying with them the summer's showers and the win- 
 ter's snows? Would they still make devastation on 
 the plain or surge in mountain waves the surface of 
 the deep? Would the earth still turn and make its 
 annual tour, and all nature break in gladness under 
 the kisses of the sun? The absence of man would not 
 affect any of these. Now replace man, what would 
 happen? Everything pertaining to the home, the 
 vocation, the church, the state and the school will be 
 
derived. Such is the gross coordination of world rela- 
 tions. But a more discriminating- one, however, is 
 needed for our purpose. Let us converse with the 
 physicist as to the world relations he considers. What 
 is his unit of measurement? What is his limit? Ask 
 of the chemist his unit of measurement and limit. 
 Same of the biologist, the subjectivist, the geogra- 
 pher and the astronomer. The physicist begins with 
 the particle of ether as his unit of measurement; his 
 limit is the molecule. The chemist begins with the 
 molecule as an unit of measurement; his limit is the 
 cell. The biologist begins with the cell; his limit is 
 the man. The subjectivist begins with the man as 
 an unit of measurement; his limit is the earth. The 
 geographer begins with the earth as an unit of meas- 
 urement; his limit is the solar system. The astrono- 
 mer begins with the solar system as an unit of meas- 
 urement; his limit is the visible universe. Hence, 
 from the ether particle to the limits of the visible 
 universe, all world relations may be arranged in a 
 system of coordination of orders of notions in terms 
 of their units and limits. 
 
 This system of coordination of notions may be 
 expressed explicitly in mathematical language by 
 taking- the geographical order of notions as a basis 
 
 A A 
 
 and representing it by the symbol -«-% Let -^- repre- 
 sent an infinitesimal relation or the unit of the sub- 
 jective order of notions. Then -^ represents the unit 
 of the biological order of notions. By similar repre- 
 
10 
 
 sentation for the various units and limits of the dif- 
 ferent orders in terms of the geographical order of 
 notions, the following formula expresses the concep- 
 tion of a summation of all possible world relations in 
 terms of their units and limits. 
 
 -#4+^3+4i+^+ J ^+^+^ L2 e q ual all possible 
 world relations. The same thing may be expressed in 
 popular language as follows: (Ether particle .... mole- 
 cule) -f (molecule. . . . cell) + (cell. . . .man)-f (man .... 
 earth) -|- (earth. . . .solar system) -f (solar system. . . . 
 visible universe) equal all possible world relations. 
 
 Having substantiated the system of coordination 
 for all notions of things whatsoever, the next thing 
 in sequence to satisfy the law will be to establish the 
 appropriate point of view. This point of view must 
 be such that all the representative thinkers just cited 
 may be satisfied. It is believed that the point of view 
 of the subjectivist, the standpoint that man is the 
 unit for all considerations of terrestrial relations as 
 presented by philosophy of the historic past, is inade- 
 quate for present day requirements. The modern 
 geographer demands an enlarged conception of the 
 world. Man is too small an unit of measurement for 
 his consideration. Instead of the subjectivist supply- 
 ing the unit of measurement and the point of view, 
 the modern geographer henceforth will presume to 
 bear this responsibility. 
 
 The modern geographer views all terrestrial rela- 
 tions from the plane of the ecliptic. His unit of meas- 
 
11 
 
 urement is the earth, and his limit is the solar system. 
 Thus his mind, compared with that of the subjectivist, 
 is furnished with a psychological lever of prodigious 
 power. The unit of the geographer is the limit of 
 the subjectivist From the geographer's standpoint, 
 affairs of the terrestrial sphere can be conceived in 
 comparatively simple terms. From this point of view, 
 the most essential thing for the phenomena of crea- 
 tion is easily perceived and the highest derivative of 
 terrestrial creation may be positively determined. 
 Hence, the mind may attain from this point of view a 
 rational perspective for all terrestrial relations. It 
 also may perceive a magnificent simplicity running 
 through all terrestrial affairs in the most wonderful 
 profusion and variety. Here is conceived the sub- 
 stratum from which arise the nations of the earth and 
 the high peaks of civilization. Here is conceived the 
 psychological pole star and compass for guiding all 
 humanity in fulfilling its function and working out 
 its destiny. The basic impulse and motive of all 
 mankind, from the dawn of reason to the present day, 
 and which will be the same throughout the life of the 
 habitable terrestrial sphere, is plainly manifest to the 
 modern geographer. He looks upon the little earth 
 from the plane of the ecliptic, from the twentieth 
 celestial hour, and perceives the thin column of energy 
 from the sun effecting the earth's surface in the daily 
 turn and annual tour in beautiful mathematical rela- 
 tions, concentric with the central ecliptic or direct 
 ray. He knows that if an object be interposed between 
 
 I. oft. 
 
12 
 
 these two spheres, that all things subjective would 
 fade from the face of the earth, and that nothing- save 
 objective reality would remain. And, too, although 
 the absolute temperature of the earth's mass will not 
 have been materially affected, the engagement of 
 energy with matter, commonly termed life, would 
 cease By removing the object, again would energy 
 engage with the surface of the earth; again would 
 organisms appear and again from fundamental crea- 
 tion would there be evolved its highest derivative — 
 man. From these interactions of energy and matter 
 the modern geographer deduces this cosmic principle: 
 The function of every organism is to dissipate and 
 manipulate energy. This principle is the psycholog- 
 ical pole star and one more nearly eternal than is 
 Polaris as the earth's pole star in the astronomical 
 realm. For the former will be true for a thousand 
 billion eons hence, or more, while the latter in twelve 
 thousand years will have yielded its significance to 
 Vega. This cosmic principle is basic for every pos- 
 sible consideration of man on the terrestrial sphere, 
 and as for that matter, for every habitable globe in 
 the realm of world relations. From this principle 
 the most trivial activity of man is derived. Hence, 
 the statement that magnificent simplicity in the most 
 wonderful profusion and variety is a marked charac- 
 teristic in the subjective realm. 
 
 As energy becomes engaged with matter, organ- 
 isms termed vegetation appear. As these organisms 
 become more and more complex in the process of 
 
13 
 
 engaging- energy, some of them differentiate into 
 derivatives of higher forms which dissipate the energy 
 found in lower forms back to space. Hence, vegeta- 
 ble and animal forms differ solely'in their mechanical 
 relations with energy. Organisms engaging energy 
 as a chief function are termed vegetable forms. Organ- 
 isms dissipating energy as a chief function are termed 
 animal forms. As animals become more adept in 
 dissipating energy, they become more powerful. 
 Hence, the highest derivative of terrestrial creation 
 is the most powerful dissipator of energy. That is, 
 it causes the more energy to become dissipated back 
 to space. This highly derived organism, in common 
 parlance, is termed man. Causing energy to become 
 dissipated without having it pass through an organ- 
 ism is termed manipulating energy. Consequently it 
 is easy to distinguish between the human^and the 
 brute. The brute is a dissipator, pure and simple. 
 It may be stronger than man but it is less powerful. 
 A higher evolution of any species whatever signifies 
 that it has acquired abilities for a more plentiful and 
 economical dissipation of energy. That color of the 
 skin of man is most highly prized whose possessors 
 manipulate the most energy the most economically. 
 It is this and nothing more. Hence, " the greatest 
 thing in this world is energy, and the greatest thing 
 man can do is to manipulate it." 
 
 Since the relations existing between the factors 
 of reality are expressed by the mathematical form of 
 thought, and since the manipulation of energy is 
 
14 
 
 dependent on the knowledge of the properties and 
 relations of matter and motion, that people is superior 
 who is mathematical. The Occident are superior to 
 the orient, not in religion, morality or humanity pure 
 and simple, but in the fact that their fundamental 
 authority is the mathematical form of thought. They 
 follow unconsciously more nearly the requirements of 
 an absolute curriculum. They are adepts in geogra- 
 phy and mathematics. They study world relations, 
 interpret them with definite units of measurement and 
 coordinate their deductions from an absolute point of 
 view. Consequently, the function of every school 
 curriculum is properly to acquaint the mind with the 
 most general terrestrial world relations and to coordi- 
 nate it with them. This is the especial function of 
 the study of modern geography. Its sole purpose is 
 to present fundamental world relations and ther sim- 
 ple derivatives in such form that they may be con- 
 conceived as an entirety in a system of coordinated 
 principles. Its central theme is the most general con- 
 sideration of energy and gravitation in their relations 
 with matter of the terrestrial sphere and their myriads 
 of derivatives known as terrestrial creation. Hence 
 it is believed that the ground plans of an absolute 
 curriculum may be outlined as follows : 
 
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 Such is believed to be the simplest form of an ab- 
 solute curriculum. It presents a rational basis upon 
 which all educationists may stand to formulate their 
 curricula, however diverse may be their aims and far 
 apart they may be geographically. The same maybe 
 said concerning- the politician, the theolog-ian, the so- 
 ciologist and the economist. As it is today, the casual 
 observer of the larg-er units of the subjective realm 
 will discern that each of the above subjectivists in 
 governments well established, prescribes unto himself 
 a curriculum of some form by which his course of 
 action may receive the sanction of his fellows. Since 
 there is no prescribed form from which each may start 
 in deriving- his particular curriculum, it is obvious 
 that out of the natural jealousies derivative from the 
 principle of self preservation, disagreements arise as 
 to fundamental and derivative considerations. And 
 since fundamental and derivatives in the subjective 
 order of notions' are but relative terms, none of the 
 above subjectivists will hardly permit it to be consid- 
 ered that his curriculum is derivative from the funda- 
 mental doctrines of his compeers, any more than any 
 fing-er of the hand would present inferior claims for 
 importance. Consequently, it must be positively con- 
 ceived by each of them that if harmony be attained 
 and their efforts be coordinated for the benefit of man- 
 kind, their fundamental notions must be immediate 
 derivatives from the factors of that curriculum whose 
 central theme is the rightful manipulation of energy. 
 This is the only basic doctrine which will receive 
 
17 
 
 unanimous sanction. It is this which is universally 
 fundamental to man, and from which all other subjec- 
 tive notions are easily classed as derivatives. For, 
 " the cause that actuates man, that propelling- genius 
 which furnishes him with a motive, which compels 
 him to do, and has and ever will furnish him with 
 the impulse to progress in the world, is the central 
 factor of all subjective reality. Man, the highest de- 
 rivative of the objective world, is an index to its po- 
 tency. The cosmic principle, — the function of ever} 7 
 organism is to dissipate and manipulate energy, — is 
 the great central factor which one must perceive 
 should he conceive of a rational and a consistent view 
 of the subjective and the objective world." 
 
 The state of any civilization may be rationally 
 conceived when it can be subjected to the absolute 
 curriculum for comparison. Every possible activity 
 of man may be expressed in rational terms by making 
 the manipulation of energy the common denominator. 
 Any race of man, however marked in color, in kink of 
 hair, in slant of eyes, or hook and bow of nose, may 
 be rated in intelligence and state of civilization by its 
 comparative capacities for the rightful manipulation 
 of energy. 
 
 Should the radiance of the sun discontinue its 
 course toward the earth and the whole surface be 
 wrapt in gloom and the presence of man become 
 unknown thereon, all subjective reality would cease 
 on the terrestrial sphere. And afterwards, should 
 Divine favor return to the earth, again would the 
 
18 
 
 seasons wax and wane, vegetable and animal forms 
 would appear and multiply and the human would 
 differentiate to fulfill more completely the command 
 of all commands and the law of all laws relating- man 
 to the world — energy shall be dissipated from the 
 earth. And when again would man conceive of the 
 cosmic principle and its dictates, and deduce the same 
 absolute curriculum. 
 
 The coming- century thus may have its line of 
 procedure clearly delineated. The psychological pole 
 star has been located, the intellectual compass has 
 been devised, the prime meridian and base line to 
 man's activities are being established and recorded in 
 the new Book of Humanity, the surface of the earth 
 is about staked and claimed and it remains for the 
 immediate future to begin the solution of the most 
 interesting of all problems relating to the future wel- 
 fare of civilized man. In so far as annals reveal the 
 past, no civilization has attained the art of manipu- 
 lating energy comparable with that now exhibited by 
 that most progressive and powerful nation of the 
 western world. Its genius as revealed in its basic 
 doctrines of government, its written constitution and 
 its federated autonomies, illumines the political realm 
 today with its principles of representative authority 
 and exhibits the nearest approach to a true civiliza- 
 tion yet recorded on the pages of history. It is the 
 prototype of that appearing solidarity, the coming 
 federation of the world. 
 
19 
 
 In the differentiation of the human from the 
 brute, man has been enabled to determine right from 
 wrong- in positive terms. Out of man's efforts in de- 
 termining what is right in the manipulation of energy, 
 have arisen those subjective relations known as home, 
 church, state, school and vocation. 
 
 The home is the most economical instrument of a 
 civilized society for rearing manipulators of energy. 
 
 The church is an indication that manipulators of 
 energy recognize a common brotherhood of all man- 
 kind and a Creator as a Fatherhood of all. 
 
 The state is an instrument inclusive of a division 
 of labor by which the most energy may be manipu- 
 lated by the governed the most economically. 
 
 The school is the instrument of organized society 
 for preparing successful manipulators of energy. 
 
 The vocation is the manner in which one may 
 choose to manipulate energy. 
 
 Happiness is that state of man when in a position 
 and condition to manipulate energy rightfully and 
 economically. 
 
 Justice is that arrangement in the manipulation 
 of energy such that the demands of the sociologist, 
 the economist, the statesman, the theologian and the 
 educationist are satisfied. Thus it is believed that 
 every consideration in subjective reality may be ration- 
 ally coordinated by taking the absolute curriculum as 
 a basis. 
 
CHURCH ^- —4— —X ^ SCHOOL 
 
 HOME VOCATION 
 
 LES CINQES MAGNIFIQUES. 
 
 From the diagram, the following- formulae 
 are deduced, illustrating- the different possible forms 
 of society into which mankind will be arrang-ed in 
 their advancement from savagery to civilization. The 
 perfect formula is believed to be represented by les 
 cinqs magnifiques. All possible undeveloped and the- 
 oretical civilizations may be represented in terms of 
 of the diagram by HCSSc, HCSV, HSScV, VCSSc,— 
 HCV, HSV, HScV, VCS, VCSc,-HC, HS, HSc, HV, 
 VC, VS, VSc, CS, CSc, SSc. A true civilization is 
 represented by HCSScV. Plato's republic is repre- 
 sented by VCSSc. 
 
 That no form of government at the present time 
 is found to be perfectly represented in the perfected 
 formula is because the function of the vocation with 
 its limits, rights and demands is not definitely deter- 
 
21 
 
 mined. This is the meaning- of all industrial strife of 
 the world. The church, the home, the state and the 
 school are reasonably well understood by the normal 
 mind, but the rights and demands of the vocation as 
 one of the basic factors of civilization, as yet, have no 
 positive determination. This is the especial and pe- 
 culiar problem which the work of ages has brought to 
 the twentieth century for solution. "And future his- 
 torians will have well recorded when they say that 
 man was led out of the darkness of industrial strife of 
 the nineteenth century by acquainting himself with 
 the doctrines for the rightful manipulation of energy, 
 the mandates of the cosmic principle. The doctrine 
 of lyddite shells and dumdum bullets for the welfare 
 of mankind will then have done." 
 
 If previous considerations be true, the mind of 
 man may form conceptions from an absolute basis con- 
 cerning its world relations, and the meaning of pro- 
 gress of civilization, and be furnished with a scheme 
 for their positive and harmonious adjustment by means 
 of the absolute curriculum. And it is believed that 
 the time will come when every subjectivist will 
 direct his course of action by its precepts, and be in- 
 spirited by its highest principle, — the basis of a true 
 philosophy, the spirit of a true religion, — THE 
 RIGHTFUL MANIPULATION OF ENERGY. 
 
OCT 12 1900 
 
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