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ONTEREY County 
 
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iOI>4 MONTEREY PENINSULA THE CLIMATE VARIES BUT SEVEN DEGREES YEAR IN AND YEAR OUT. IT IS TO 
 THIS SUPERB CLIMATIC CONDITION THAT MONTEREY COUNTY OWES HER CLAIM TO ATTENTION 
 
Monterey County 
 
 California 
 
 Br 
 ARTHUR DUNN 
 
 SOUVENIR EDITION 
 
 CALIFORNIA LANDS FOR WEALTH 
 CALIFORNIA FRUIT FOR HEALTH 
 
 Issued by 
 
 SUNSET MAGAZINE HOMESEEKERS' BUREAU 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
 
 FOR THE 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF MONTEREY COUNTY 
 
-A 
 
 ■; A 
 
 
ENDLESS ROWS CJi' STKA VVBl.KKlhS, THE LUSCIOUS SMALL ERUITS iOR WHICH THE PAJARO DISTRICT IS 
 FAMOUS THROUGHOUT THE MIDDLE WEST. SOIL AND CLIMATE MAKE THE BERRIES PAY HANDSOMELY 
 
 cTVIonterey County 
 
 Monterey County, California, is thoroughly up to date and progressive. 
 
 It has long maintained the free county high school system and the free 
 county library system. 
 
 It has one of the best harbors on the Pacific Coast, which soon will be- 
 come one of the leading ports upon the commencement of shipping through 
 the Panama Canal. 
 
 In topography a veritable miniature of California, Monterey County 
 possesses the beauties of landscape and the balminess of climate enjoyed by 
 the most favored spots in the world. 
 
 It presents most alluring attractions to the tourist, to the homeseeker, the 
 capitalist and the manufacturer. 
 
 It is an unusual county in a State far-famed for its glories and its 
 grandeur. It has mountains, valleys and seashore, each rivaling the other 
 for health, for happiness and for homes. 
 
 jMonterey County is situated about 100 miles south of San Francisco and 
 300 miles north of Los Angeles, on the Pacific Ocean. It is 124 miles long 
 and 45 miles wide, The county is divided into three sections— the mountains 
 and hills on the east, the mountains and hills on the Avest, and the Salinas 
 Valley situated between these ranges of mountains. 
 
 The great Salinas Valley opens out on Monterey Bay and extends south- 
 ward 100 miles, with an average width of ten miles, its area being about 
 1,000 square miles, or 640,000 acres. The Salinas River flows through its 
 entire length, and the land may be divided into three classes: First, the 
 heavy, rich bottom lands, which produce almost everything, the soil being 
 sediment and black adobe which often contains just enough sand to make 
 
 % EDITION 
 

 ALFALFA GROWS LUXURIANTLY IN MONTEREY COUNTY AND FROM FIVE TO SEVEN CUTTINGS ARE OBTAINED 
 A SEASON. MONTEREY COUNTY BARLEY FINDS ITS WAY TO WORLD MARKETS. 
 
it work easily; second, the mesa or tablelands, especially adapted to growing 
 wheat, barley, and other cereals; third, the uplands and slightly rolling hills, 
 some of which are the finest fruit lands in California and will produce 
 peaches, apricots, almonds, walnuts, figs, apples, plums, pears, berries, and all 
 other fruits common to California. Nearly all semitropical fruits do well in 
 some part of this county, especially in the thermal belt along each side of 
 the Salinas Valley. 
 
 In the southern portions barley excels, and prunes, apricots, cherries and 
 almonds grow to perfection in the foothills, canyons and small valleys, and 
 figs do well in sheltered places. 
 
 Currants, gooseberries, blackberries, loganberries and raspberries grow 
 luxuriantly. KStrawberries are in market all year round. Grapes grow to 
 perfection anywhere in the county, except in the heavy bottom lands of the 
 lower Salinas Valley. 
 
 The Salinas Valley excels the world in potato raising, this being the home 
 of the Salinas Burbank. 
 
 Dairying is one of the leading industries, some of the finest dairies in the 
 State being in this county, and the output of butter and cheese cannot be 
 excelled. 
 
 And from the resort standpoint IMonterey County is in a class by itself. 
 The famous old city of Monterey, modern and strictly up-to-date in all things 
 save its history, rich in romance, is the principal city of the peninsula. Here 
 it was that Father Junipero Serra landed in 1770 and established California's 
 first northern mission, and one hears the names Sloat, Larkin, Sherman 
 and other history-makers of that early romantic period marking the passing 
 of control of this empire from one country to another spoken in connection 
 with these stirring events. Here were the first capital, the first custom 
 house, the first theater — in fact, here was the beginning of things in Cali- 
 fornia in the dimming past. 
 
 Adjoining Monterey, almost near enough to be a portion of it, is Pacific 
 Grove, a city of contentment, boasting the finest school system, the best local 
 government, ideal climate, matchless scenery, and all attractions that go to 
 make a home city and a resort city. 
 
 Then there is Hotel Del Monte, known wherever travelers congregate, 
 with its verdant acres, dotted with hundreds of varieties of plant life, its 
 great golf course, its polo grounds, its walks and drives and all accommoda- 
 tions that make for the comfort and pleasure of visitors. 
 
 Carmel-by-the-Sea, a city of dreamy peace. Villa Del Monte, Seaside — yes, 
 a score of ideally situated resorts — are situated within a radius of a few miles, 
 each enjoying the sun and the shadows, and the scintillating sea in the 
 distance. 
 
 In this booklet it is the purpose to give interesting data concerning the 
 various sections of Monterey County, so the agricultural and horticultural 
 attractions of the county with their rare and unusual opportunities will be 
 treated separately from the resorts, which must be considered from an 
 entirely different standpoint. 
 
 THE FARMS OF MONTEREY COUNTY 
 
 The principal farming is done in the Salinas Valley, grains and cereals 
 being grown on an extensive scale. IMonterey County still remains one of 
 the principal grain producers of the State, Ijarley being first in quantity, 
 wheat second and oats third. Nearly all of the barley grown here is sold 
 to Eastern brewers, who demand the very highest grade of grain. King City 
 is one of tlie leading shippers, 1,500 tons of wheat being sent out annually 
 and 6,000 Ions of barley. 
 
 In recent years more and more acreage is being devoted to alfalfa and 
 naturally there is not so much planted to grain, although about 127,000 acres 
 
 I EDITION 
 
A PICTURESQUE SIGHT IN MONTEREY COUNTY IS THE 3O-HORSE COMBINED HARVESTER. THE LOWER CUT 
 TELLS THE STORY OF THE CONQUERING ADVANCE OF GASOLINE AS MOTIVE POWER. 
 
are planted to barley, yielding 2,320,416 bushels, valued at $1,002,419. Wheat 
 has an acreage of 24,640, producing 26i\(W) bushels, valued at $239,999, and 
 the acreage sown to oats is given at 3,000 acres, the product of which is 
 valued at $50,300. 
 
 The yield of grains per acre varies as the methods followed differ. Dry- 
 farming is still the vogue, and, naturally, when the rainfall is not normal 
 the output is lessened. 
 
 In sections where irrigation has been followed the output of alfalfa has 
 been everything that could be desired or expected. With the opening up of 
 alfalfa fields dairying is being pursued with increased profit, and the great 
 valley is rapidly developing into one of the principal dairying sections of 
 California. 
 
 There are approximately 40,000 acres under irrigation in Salinas Valley, 
 while the total irrigable area embraces fully 150,000 acres. So it will be seen 
 that there is great opportunity for the settler to profit by the situation in 
 Monterey County. 
 
 Like all of the older settlements, ]\lonterey County is handicapped by 
 large farms. In the early days grants of land were made to a favored few, 
 and these vast holdings invariably were held intact for generations, until 
 today the number of farms of large size greatly outnumbers those than may 
 be operated by one family. This has resulted in many tracts being rentecl, 
 and has had a tendency to hold back the more rapid development of the 
 county, although the percentage of increase has been better than twenty-four 
 per cent, in the last decade. Of late, however, the owners of large tracts 
 are yielding to the inevitable, and many of them are cutting up their 
 unwieldly tracts and selling them to settlers who show a disposition to add 
 to the wealth of the county by adhering strictly to the rules of intensive 
 farming. 
 
 There are fine opportunities in Monterey County for the homeseeker. 
 Good lands are to be had at reasonable prices, but this does not mean that 
 the prices are the lowest at which other lands may be offered elsewhere ; 
 however, the lands are worth every cent and more than asked for them. 
 
 THE FUTURE OF IRRIGATION 
 
 "While heretofore," writes Samuel Fortier, Chief of Irrigation Investiga- 
 tion of the United States Department of Agriculture, "irrigation has fol- 
 lowed the line of the most evident return, in the future it will follow the 
 available water supply." 
 
 In other words, farmers in communities blessed with a supply of water, 
 whether derived from rivers, streams or from wells, in the future will avail 
 themselves of this water for purposes of irrigation. It is found that fruit 
 trees bear better when irrigated at certain times of the season. Irrigation 
 is an absolute necessity to alfalfa. In fact, irrigation follows naturally the 
 subdivision of large tracts of land, for the successful farmer employs every 
 inch of ground in the development of his home. 
 
 ]\Ionterey County offers ideal conditions for the irrigationist, for the 
 depth to surface water comparatively is shallow, averaging from ten to 
 forty feet. In wide areas the maximum area is nearly twenty feet, but 
 elsewhere occasionally the depth is greater. 
 
 The land is easily drained, and the soil is of such character that there is 
 little waste of water, the cost of irrigating running between $1.50 and $2.50 
 an acre, the higher figure being occasioned by the greater lift required. 
 
 Throughout Monterey County electricity is becoming available for the 
 operation of pumping plants, and this motor power is superseding the use 
 of oil and other power. There are many examples of success achieved under 
 irrigation after seasons of discouragement under old methods. 
 
 SOUVENIR 7( 1913)5 EDITION 
 
IRRIGATION IS DOING FOR THi; FORT R(.).MIF IMS'i'RICT WHAT IT HAS IKINI: FOR ALL PK(_)(;Ri:SSING COM- 
 MUNITIES. WATER IS THE CROP INSURANCE THAT ALWAYS PAYS DOLLAR FOR DOLLAR. 
 
 Mat. Williams, near Gonzales, has a 100-horsepower electric pump working 
 on a cluster of seven wells, drilled to a depth of 100 feet, with a lift of 
 eighteen feet. This pumping outfit supplies all the water this farmer 
 requires for 400 acres, and he is enabled to sell some to an irrigating 
 company. Mr. Williams has some of the finest dairy cows in all the valley, 
 and his profits have been handsome. Formerly he farmed on a larger scale, 
 but his profits never approached his receipts of today. 
 
 0. H. Willoughby of King City irrigates 300 acres from a cluster of 
 twelve wells, drilled to a depth of thirty-five feet, from which a sixty-four- 
 horsepower engine throws 5,000 gallons a minute through two ten-inch pipes. 
 The cost of operating this plant for a twelve- or fourteen-hour day is $10 
 to $15. This same farmer expended $500 on a single five-inch pump, with a 
 twelve-horsepower gas engine, pumping from the San Lorenzo River. The 
 pump throws 800 gallons a minute, and waters twenty-five acres of alfalfa. 
 
 As elsewhere in California, the season of 1913 was comparatively dry, 
 but wherever there was a pumping plant in the Salinas Valley there was 
 ample water, and there was no failure of irrigated crops. 
 
 There are many canal systems in operation. The Salinas Canal, drawing 
 the water from the Salinas River, extends nine miles, and serves 3,500 acres 
 south of King City. San Lorenzo Creek is the source of supply for a canal 
 serving 800 acres. In addition there are three canals which tap the Arroyo 
 Seco, watering 300, 2,000 and 4,000 acres. The largest of these is near 
 Greenfield. The Gonzales canal system waters 2,700 acres. 
 
 The Greenfield system is declared to be the cheapest irrigation project in 
 California. The canal system is owned by the farmers, and the total cost 
 to water users is less than $1 an acre a year. 
 
 There are scores of dams in use throughout the county, the flow from 
 smaller streams being impounded and carried by means of ditches to the 
 fields to be irrigated. 
 
 SOUVENIR ^llQI'l)? EDITION 
 
ARTKSIAN WATKR IS FOUND AT COMPARATIVELY SHALLOW DEPTH, AND THIS WELL-BORING OUTFIT, AT 
 WORK NEAR SAN ARDO, GIVES AN IDEA OF THE CERTAINTY OF SUCCESS IN THE SECTION. 
 
 There is a satisfaction guaranteed by the irrigation ditch which can best 
 be compared to that satisfaction which comes from good fire insurance. The 
 crop is safe, no matter what turn the weather takes. A "dry" season has no 
 terrors for the Monterey farmer. 
 
 THREE PROPOSED DAMS 
 
 The Salinas River is the largest submerged stream in America. Homer 
 Hamlin, making a report to the United States Geological Survey, declares 
 that the water flow of this river "probably at all times is sufficient for the 
 needs of winter and spring irrigation." This authority describes three big 
 practical dam sites — the Arroyo Seco, capable of retaining 33,000 acre feet 
 in ordinary years with a 125-foot dam, costing $260,000; the Currier Reser- 
 voir, also on the Arroyo Seco, with a capacity of 49,000 acre feet with a 
 135-foot dam, costing $381,000; the Matthews Reservoir, on the San Lorenzo, 
 with a 110-foot dam, holding 12,000 acre feet, costing $201,000. These 
 projects, aggregating in cost $840,000, would provide ample water for 
 47,000 acres.^ 
 
 It has been estimated that, at an expenditure of $4,500,000 to $5,000,000, 
 the United Stales Government could irrigate the entire valley. Plans out- 
 lining this gigantic scheme have been laid before the Federal Government, 
 and it is probable, in time, that results will be obtained. 
 
 POSSIBILITIES OF IRRIGATION 
 
 An authority on irrigation says : 
 
 "What is most needed in this State and what we should most highly 
 prize is an influx of industrious settlers, each possessing sufficient means to 
 enable him to make a fair start along the line of irrigated agriculture. The 
 
 SOUVENIR jllPnif EDITION 
 
AN IKKIC.ATln.N ( WAL IN Till': SAI.iNAS \AI,I1A, WIIKJI ll\^ 150,000 A( K I S ill IKl;l(,\i;l.l l,\,\l) HIM 
 CANNOT BE EXCELLED AS TO PRODUCTIVITY AND DEPTH IN ALL CALIFORNIA. 
 
 opportunities open to this class are exceptionally good. All of the natural 
 advantages essential to the success of the irrigated farm are to be found in 
 the great central valleys of California — fertile soil, good climate and an 
 abundant water supply. Yet these natural gifts count for little when not 
 utilized. We need the intelligent brain and the trained hand of thousands 
 of farmers to make the best possible use of these advantages. In much of this 
 work no large amount of capital is required. In this connection it may be a 
 surprise to some to learn that there are about 1,870,000 acres of rich valley 
 land now included in California irrigation projects but not irrigated. The 
 water supply for a much larger area is readily accessible, and both land and 
 water can l3e united under the most favorable circumstances whenever a 
 sufficient numlier of citizens join to bring it about. 
 
 "This dominant industry of California is in no danger of languishing for 
 a few years to come on account of the lack of irrigation canals and storage 
 reservoirs. The State is now filling up at the rate of about 100,000 persons 
 a year, and there is sufficient unirrigated land under canal systems to 
 provide for this influx of settlers for the next ten years." 
 
 Ill \|i.,\ll 111 rill (,ll\Z\ll^ IKI;U.\rhi\ cwxi, \l \ k (,n\/\i|-, IIIIM, WAI'IRS IRKlCAri'-, THE 
 ALI'ALi'A l•■il^LD^ WHICH SUPPORT U\ KK / ,000 DAIRY COWS. IIU. CANALS COVER JJGHl' MILES 
 
 10 
 

 / / / ' < ' /,/ 
 
 7 ■'/:;>■ 
 
 III nil \l \K'kl I l\'. I I \ I'ERS. GOOD SOLID ROADS M \ M mi^llMMI 
 IXG AX LAh\ i'KulJIJ.M. THERE ARE AMPLE MARKETINC F \( 11,1 11 1 :S. 
 
 I \1\ 1 \RM- 
 
 MONTEREY LAND IS CHEAP 
 
 Monterey County lands are cheap, considering the many natural ad- 
 vantages of the whole county. This county also has probably the widest 
 range of prices. 
 
 It must be realized by prospective purchasers that an available water 
 supply must be certain. This supply may be from the subterranean channels 
 that drain off the higher elevations, or it may come from rivers and ditches ; 
 in any event the development of water must be considered along with the 
 fertility of the soil before an investment is nuide. 
 
 The highest priced land is situated in the Pajaro Valley, where the most 
 highly improved orchards are to be found. 
 
 The lower prices of land are to be found in the southern end of the Salinas 
 Valley, especially on the west side. In the vicinity of Salinas, on the north- 
 east side, good land brings $60 to $100 an acre, unimproved. The bottom 
 land is held at a higher figure. 
 
 Mesa land near King City will bring from %\{) up, with $75 being obtained 
 in small tracts. Grazing land hereabouts may be purchased for $2.50 to $15 
 an acre. In the vicinity of San Ardo, hill grazing land sells at $5 and $10 an 
 acre, while first-class bottom land is to be had at $50 and $100 an acre. 
 
 SACKINC. C.k \1N ll\ A CiiMr.lM n II \K'\ I --I!' K M \l I \ I 1 M I I I i I \ 1 11 I I \ \ M M V. Til 1 S \ \ 1 I 1 . V 1 S 
 
 ONE OF THE GREAT (,,RAE\ CLMEKS UF TIIL CiiL \i\ V\l.i iUL FIvtiDI ( I 1< i\ PI K A( RE IS HKill. 
 
 SOUVENIR ^lIQnlf EDITION 
 
 11 
 

 
 --■""VSF'" ■ Tf"- ' 
 
 
 itj* 
 
 «*?■)*: V 
 
 A.\ OKLHAkU IN IHJ. PAJAKO \ ALl.lA , HIE \\ ORLD b LAKt.L.SI IND1\ IIJUAL AI'PLL I RODLCIXO bLLIIUN. 
 THE ORCHARDS HERE YIELD MORE THAN A MILLION DOLLARS A YEAR. 
 
 The settler will find numerous opportunities in the smaller valleys of the 
 county. In Jolon Valley one may purchase good land without water at $10, 
 while the highest prices are $40 and $50. In some of the valleys in the lower 
 section of the county the minimum prices are even lower than those quoted. 
 
 It must be realized by the practical farmer or ambitious settler that the 
 cheapest is not always the best, and that care must be exercised in tlie 
 selection of lands. However, the residents of IMonterey County gladly will 
 assist intending settlers to obtain the places which they want, ' for none is 
 more enthusiastic as to the future of the county than those already there and 
 enjoying the bounties of the county's soil and climate. 
 
 CHARACTER OF THE SOIL 
 
 An official report on the soils of Salinas Valley contains this statement : 
 
 "The soils of the Salinas Valley fall naturally into three classes — upland 
 soils, valley soils, and recent sedimentary soils, each of which classes is quite 
 distinct in typical form. 
 
 "The principal soil in Salinas Valley is a heavy alluvial loam. There is 
 also some gravelly loam, especially in the foothills. In the northwest of the 
 valley adobe is found ; this is a fine soil when worked properly. Earely is 
 hardpan found and alkali is virtually unknown." 
 
 The deep loam is declared to be the best soil in California for a large area. 
 An example of its depth is found in a well-boring incident at King City, 
 where willow leaves were brought up from a depth of sixty-four feet. 
 
 The Government's report on the soil of the valley covered 220,160 acres, 
 and divides the soils in the regions inspected as follows : Placentia sandy 
 loam, 33.6 per cent. ; Fresno sand, 11.4 per cent. ; Soledad gravelly sand, 3.5 
 per cent.; Arroyo Seco sandy loam, 4.3 per cent.; Salinas shale loam, 6.2 
 per cent.; Salinas gray adobe, 8.4 per cent.; San Joaquin black adobe, 5.3 
 per cent. ; river wash, 4.9 per cent. ; Santiago silt loam, 6.4 per cent. 
 
 SOUVENIR ?{19I'7)° EDITION 
 
THE JOLON VALLEY HAS IMMENSE FRUIT-GROWIXG POSSIBILITIES AS IS EMDENT FROM THE GROWTH OF 
 THIS YOUNG PEACH ORCHARD. THERE ARE MANY SUCH OPPORTUNITIES IN MONTEREY. 
 
 EXCELLENT ORCHARDS 
 
 Monterey County, possessing ideal conditions as to climate and soil, 
 naturally boasts of her unexcelled orchards. Only a few years ago the now 
 famous Pajaro Valley was given up largely to the growing of apples. Today 
 this little section ships over 4,000 carloads of the finest kind of fruit, the 
 product finding its way to all the markets of the world, and proving up in 
 ((uality with all competitors. 
 
 But this is only a beginning, for there are thousands of acres available 
 for setting out orchards. There is not of record a single failure in this 
 industry, provided the slightest care and attention were given the trees. Only 
 once has there been a frost that did any material damage and that was the first 
 time in the history of the valley, some of the apple trees being nipped, but 
 not damaged to any extent. 
 
 J. B. Hickman, Horticultural Commissioner of IMonterey, in discussing 
 the fruit-growing situation and the immense possibilities offered for future 
 development, says : 
 
 "The warm, well-drained slopes of the hills in the northern end of 
 Monterey County offer almost ideal locations for apricots, and both sides 
 of the Salinas Valley offer hundreds of similar locations. Cool northern 
 slopes everywhere and the heavy lands of Pajaro and Carmel valleys offer 
 perfect conditions for apples and pears. 
 
 "Back from the coast, in the hills, everywhere are locations for growing 
 choicest grapes and figs. Walnuts and almonds flourish in many locations 
 and isolated experiments in orange and lemon growing show numerous 
 thermal belts suited for their production. Pajaro strawberries are unexcelled. 
 French prunes flourish in the Salinas and Carmel valleys, and the finest of 
 cherries are grown in the deep alluvium of the filled-in canyon bottoms of 
 the eastern slopes of the Santa Lucia Mountains." 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
 13 
 
 EDITION 
 
The fruit acreage is as follows : 
 
 Bearing Non-Bearing 
 
 Trees Trees 
 
 Apples 2S3 ,000 21 ,700 
 
 Apricots 34,()()0 (1,000 
 
 Cherries 2 , 250 250 
 
 Peaches 4,000 1,000 
 
 Ppiirs 11 ,000 4,500 
 
 Plums and Prunes 8,000 1 ,000 
 
 Walnuts 450 
 
 Oranges 400 .... 
 
 Figs 500 
 
 The coniniissioner gives new plantings as follows : 
 
 Apples, 2(i.000 trees; pears, 7,250 trees; apricots, 14,000 trees; peaches, 
 1,000 trees; prunes and plums, 350 trees; cherries, 400 trees; walnuts, 1,150 
 trees. 
 
 The quince has become an important fruit also, there being about 1,200 
 trees in the county. There are over 200 bearing nectarine trees, and about 
 500 bearing olive trees, covering several acres. Citrus fruits are represented 
 by a hundred or more scattered lemon trees. 
 
 There are fully 3,000 almond trees; this nut promises to become an 
 important product. Chestnuts and pecans are also grown. 
 
 Apples are leaders in the green fruit production, the output of other fruits 
 being as follows : 
 
 Cherries, 25 tons; pears, 225 tons; peaches, 250 tons; plums, 50 tons. 
 
 The annual dried fruit production for a typical season is reported as 
 follows : 
 
 Pounds Value 
 
 Almonds 20,000 $2,000 
 
 Apples 300,000 21,000 
 
 Apricots 220,000 17,000 
 
 Peaches 2,000 160 
 
 Prunes ■ 8,000 400 
 
 Plums 2,000 100 
 
 Walnuts 2,000 220 
 
 Some fruit is canned, the totals reading : 
 
 Cases Value 
 
 Apples 600 $1,400 
 
 Apricots 350 1,150 
 
 Pears 300 600 
 
 Peaches 800 1,600 
 
 For the most part the shipments of fruit come from the northern section 
 of the county, the product of the southern being consumed largely at home. 
 However, there are packing-houses at Pleyto, Metz, Greenfield and elsewhere 
 both for fruit and vegetables. 
 
 LEADING APPLE SECTION 
 
 The Pajaro Valley, part of whicli is located iu IMonterey County, is the 
 largest producer of apples in the world. The portion of it within the ])ound- 
 ary of Monterey has a gross income from apples alone of approximately 
 $1*000,000 a year. The county contains many of the hundred packing-houses, 
 sixteen evaporated and a score or more of cider, vinegar and canning estab- 
 lishments in the valley. 
 
 Of late years many of the growers have leased out their orchards for a 
 term of years, the average price being nearly $100 an acre for full bearing 
 trees. The owner only looks after the cultivation, the remainder of the work 
 being done by the lessee. Other growers sell their crops early in the season 
 "on the blossom." 
 
 Jeff. Mann, who owns a forty-five acre orchard near Watsonville Junction 
 (formerly Pajaro), receives $4,500 cash on the second day of January every 
 year from the persons leasing his place. He has nothing to do save look 
 after the cultivation of his place. 
 
 W. J. McGowan, residing three miles southwest of Watsonville Junction, 
 in the Pajaro Valley, has a ninety-three-acre bottom land orchard, of which 
 
 SOUVENIR ?(|91'7)i EDITION 
 
 15 
 
 <^^^ 
 
MONTEREY COUNTY PRODUCES ALL KINDS OF FRUITS AS MAY BE SEEN BY A HASTY PERUSAL OF THIS BOOK. 
 THESE QUINCES ARE AN EXAMPLE OF MONTEREY'S DIVERSITY. 
 
 sixty acres are in Bellefleur apples. The trees, planted forty-eight to the 
 acre, are thirteen to twenty years old. This orchard has produced as high as 
 15,000 loose boxes an acre, the equivalent of 11,250 packed boxes, some of 
 Ihe oldest trees producing twelve loose boxes a year. 
 
 ]Mr. iMcGowan averaged eighty-five cents per packed box for first grade 
 a|)i)]es, selling on commission. The expenses included twenty-five cents for 
 packing and box material, and four to five cents per box for picking. The 
 cost of cultivation was ^2 an acre for plowing, ten to twelve cents a tree for 
 pruning, and the cost of hauling. 
 
 In this region, so free from codling-moth and other destroying pests, there 
 is virtually no necessity for expensive spraying. 
 
 The McGowan orchard has been leased for a long term at $5,000 a year. 
 
 Another typical orcliard is that of J. H. Thompson, who has seventy-five 
 acres near Watsonville Junction. Thirty-seven acres are in Bellefleurs ten 
 to eighteen years old; there is an equal area of Newtowns of the same age. 
 It has been found that the Bellefleur will yield heavier, but the Newtown is 
 more certain to produce. In this orchard the trees are planted fifty-five to 
 the acre, twenty-eight feet apart. In a normal season the seventy-five acres 
 produced 32,000 loose boxes, this being the average yield. Generally this 
 crop had been sold "on the blossom" in April or May, but now the orchard 
 is under lease for a term of years. The lease gives him $7,000 for the first 
 three years, and $7,500 for the last two years. The owner does not do any 
 work. Under his personal operation the orchard yielded Mr. Thompson 
 $6,800 in 1909, $7,200 in 1910, and in 1911, when the trees matured, $7,600. 
 From this he deducted expenses, with the exception of the cost of picking. 
 The expenses were between $1,800 and $2,000 a year, plowing costing $2.50 
 an acre, cultivation $3.50, pruning $600 for the orchard, and spraying $300, 
 this allowing three summer sprayings at $100 each. Winter spraying is not 
 necessary every year. 
 
 16 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
 § EDITION 
 
MONTEREY HAS AN APPLE ANNUAL AND COMPETITION ON THE PART OF COMPETITORS IS KEEN. MANY OF 
 THE FIRST PRIZES HAVE BEEN WON BY HOME-GROWN APPLES. 
 
 One of the features of the Watsonville Apple Annual is the exhibit of 
 apples grown in Monterey County, and the prizes awarded very often are 
 for fruit grown in this county. In many instances apple growers of Monte- 
 rey receive higher prices for their fruit. 
 
 The Pajaro Valley has a rival in Monterey County in the Carmel Valley, 
 where the way was shown by the padres of earlier days and generations. In 
 the Prunedale district also there has been good success with apples, and 
 Del Monte Junction (formerly Castroville) is becoming a shipper. 
 
 The prune is coming to the front in this county, as is evidenced in the 
 experience of G. P. Henry of King City, who has three and one-half acres of 
 French prunes, thirteen years old. The 350 trees average five to six tons 
 dried a year. The price is usually four or five cents a pound. Without 
 irrigation this orchard returns $50 an acre, and if irrigated the returns are 
 easily $100 an acre net. 
 
 It has been said that in Monterey County was the beginning of things in 
 California, so by this time it must be known whether fruit will thrive there. 
 There are pear trees at Carmel Mission, long neglected, that were planted a 
 century and a quarter ago, and still bear good fruit. 
 
 One of the principal shippers of apricots is the town of Aromas, which 
 sends out several hundred tons of green and dried fruit annually. 
 
 VINEYARDS DO WELL 
 
 In the earlier days vineyards were somewhat in vogue, but today it is 
 not a usual sight to see well cared for vineyards, notwithstanding that the 
 climatic and soil conditions are ideal for vines. Here and there are grown 
 grapes which are shipped fresh, although it is not an idle statement to say 
 that within a comparatively few years viticulture will be followed extensively. 
 
 Near Soledad Mission there is a remnant of what is declared to be the 
 oldest vineyard in California. 
 
 SOUVENIR ■ 
 
lUtVRK PKACHh.3 ALL kl..ili . 1 HIS IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WHAT MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED EST THE JOLON 
 VALLEY WHICH IS MAKING A RECORD FOR ITS FRUITS. 
 
 EXCELS IN BERRIES 
 
 Monterej^ County excels in its berry output, vast fields being planted to 
 them, besides, in many instances, being planted between orchards. 
 
 Berries from the Pajaro Valley are in constant demand throughout 
 northern California, and even as far north as Portland, Oregon. 
 
 The strawberry is the principal product among the berries, 1,000,000 
 pounds being produced annually, the estimated value beihg $50,000, The 
 blackberry output is 50,000 pounds, valued at $2,000, and the fignres are the 
 same for raspberries. Loganberries are shipped to the extent of 200,000 
 pounds, having a value of $8,000. The favorite varieties of strawberries are 
 the Brandywine, the Malinda and the Banner. 
 
 The average yield is 125 chests an acre. The average annual net profit per 
 acre is $200 to $250, but as high as $500 and $700 have been recorded. 
 
 This is one branch of farming that is done to a considerable extent in 
 this valley on shares. 
 
 Unimproved strawberry land may be bought for $100 to $200 an acre, 
 or may be rented for $20 to $30 an acre a year. The cost of preparing 
 the land the first year is $20 to $25 an acre. From 15,000 to 20,000 plants 
 are set out to the acre, the cost of planting being $3 a thousand. 
 
 11, \R Ml 111 WILN lll\l l\ MOMKKIA L(n\l\ ARE MllAilli ,\1 A \ \ ol 1111 HI \l>Kin 
 HOUSES, CLDER, VINEGAR AND CANNING ESTABLISHMENTS FOUND IN THIS SECTION. 
 
 SOUVEI IR |{|9I'5)S EDITION 
 
4il 
 
 v'V 
 
 WHAT THE CAMIKA 
 
 , < ^ , '/ ^ / / ^ / ' / ^ 
 
 < Wli i\ \ \l 11 
 
 I \l I \ I \l 
 
 W Jll 1 1 \M h 
 
 YIKLDKIJ HAXDhU.Uii, lUkTUNi-S TU GKijW LR^ DLRi.NG KhChM VLAKb. 
 
 AVhat may be accomplished with strawberries under irrigation is in- 
 stanced by the experience of 0. 0. Eaton, who has seventy-five acres in 
 berries. The annual cost for irrigation is $25 an acre, using two pumps, one 
 a twenty-five-horsepower, six-inch plant, throwing 800 gallons a minute, and 
 installed at a cost of $6,000. The equipment includes 2,400 feet of ten-inch 
 pipe. The other pump is of fifteen-horsepower throwing 300 gallons. The 
 cost of operating the first plant is forty cents the first hour and twenty-five 
 cents for the second. The lift required is twenty-five feet. 
 
 Now for results: The average yield is 200 chests of seventy-five pounds 
 each an acre, the highest yield being 400 to 450 chests. The price averages 
 $3.50 or better a chest, the price often being $4 and sometimes as high as 
 $8 or $10 a chest. The first year this grower recorded expenses of $200 an 
 acre, which included plants and planting, grading and similar work. Years 
 when planting is not necessary the cost is $25 an acre. Some of these rich 
 acres have produced $500 net profit, while the income from others have been 
 $400. Some truly phenomenal pickings have been noted, sixty chests having 
 been taken in a single day from one acre. These brought $5 a chest, the 
 price in the San Francisco market being $6 a chest. Six acres on this same 
 farm kept thirty-two pickers constantly at work for two weeks. 
 
 A FARM RESIDENCE IN THE PAJARO VALLEY, "XHE HOME OF THE APPLE." THIS IS ONE 
 HANDSOME ESTABLISHMENTS BUILT WITH THE PROFITS OF THE ORCHARD. 
 
 SOUVENIR 5 
 
 MANY 
 19 
 

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 4n* i»»"^gjg^ -<^'^^^:^^gg*Y* 
 
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 IN THE VICIXITV OF GONZALES, WHERE THE PICTLRE W Ab TAKEN, UAIk\MEN MAIMAIN A HIOII tiiANUA.vL) 
 OF COWS AS IS EVIDENCED BY THE HIGH PERCENTAGE OF BUTTER FAT. 
 
 IDEAL DAIRYING CONDITIONS 
 
 Monterey County has ideal conditions for dairying, and the returns per 
 cow average in the neighborhood of $8 a month, and in some instances the 
 score has been considerably higher. 
 
 There are many natural advantages. In the first place there is always 
 ample green feed, and it is possible here, as elsewhere in California, to handle 
 a herd for sixty per cent, of the expense incurred in the East, where hard 
 winters are the rule and feeding is expensive. It is not necessary to erect 
 expensive buildings for the herds, as the cows are out of doors practically 
 the whole year round. Since alfalfa has become one of the principal crops 
 of all sections using irrigation, the results obtained have been marvelous. 
 
 The Salinas Valley is rapidly becoming recognized as one of the leading 
 dairy regions of the AVest. New sections are being devoted to this industry 
 each succeeding season. At the extreme southern end of the valley, in the 
 vicinity of San Ardo, dairying has taken hold, and hundreds of cows are 
 now being milked. In the smaller valleys, notably Carmel and the inland 
 sections, dairying has come into vogue, and in the Pajaro Valley itself it has 
 made considerable headway, and along the Coast, in the Sur country, there is 
 much of it going on. 
 
 AT C.OXZALFS iTll'. AI.l'IM: lA'APORATED Uxl.AM (ii\ll'\.\Y .\I\iMAIN> IIS LARGEST PLAN i , ul'll.; 
 ALL YEAR AROUND AND AFFORDING A READY MARKET FOR ALL MILK. 
 
 21 
 
 SOUVENIR fllQI'?)? EDITIOr 
 
Monterey County already has forty-five creameries within its borders, and 
 there is an evaporated milk plant. 
 
 The appended figures give an idea of the extent of this industry : 
 
 Production Value 
 
 Butter (pounds) 950,000 $285,000 
 
 Cheese (pounds) 3,750,000 581,250 
 
 Condensed Milk (cases) 202,500 607,500 
 
 $1,473,750 
 
 Other interesting data are contained in the records of the State Board of 
 Agriculture's report, which shows that from 1900 to 1911 Monterey County 
 produced 7,359,431 pounds of butter, the average being 613,286 pounds a year. 
 The total cheese production for the same period is placed at 10,697,368 
 pounds, the yearly, average being 891,447 pounds. The highest annual output 
 was 1,505,465 pounds. The average output of cheese for the entire State is 
 about 5,729,000 pounds, so Monterey County safely may be credited with 
 producing fifteen per ^ent. of the cheese output of California. There are 
 today about 20,000 head of graded dairy cows in the county, the total value 
 being approximated at $475,000. 
 
 In the vicinity of Gonzales the greatest development of this industry has 
 been accomplished. Here the Alpine Evaporated Cream Company operates a 
 plant with an annual output of 175,000 eases, taking the output from 7,000 
 cows, all of which are milked within a radius of five miles of Gonzales. The 
 average test for this entire number is 4.0. 
 
 There are many notable examples of success on the part of dairymen. 
 John Foletta of Gonzales had a herd of 110 cows in 1911, which brought him 
 a net income of $9,000. 
 
 Tavernetti Brothers, also of Gonzales, averaged 2,400 pounds of milk daily 
 from one hundred cows, receiving $1.25 and $1.35 a hundredweight for the 
 milk from the Alpine Creamery. 
 
 That it is possible to maintain a high average throughout Monterey 
 County is evidenced by the results in a butter-scoring contest conducted by 
 the California State University Farm, in which twenty-eight creameries, 
 operated in all sections of California, competed. The University Farm, oper- 
 ated under ideal conditions, scored a total of ninety-three and one-half. The 
 Salinas Creamery, one of the Monterey contestants, equalled this score, while 
 the Del Monte Junction (Castroville) Creamery was only half a point behind 
 these record makers. 
 
 One of the principal cheese producers of the county is Charles Bonifacio, 
 who operates 200 acres of land near Soledad, for which he pays $10 an acre 
 rental a year. He has on the average sixty-five milking head, thoroughbred 
 Holsteins. His land is in alfalfa, irrigated from the Salinas River by a 
 pump which throws 20,000 gallons a minute and irrigating thirty acres a day 
 at a cost of sixty to seventy cents an hour. Many of the cows of this herd 
 give ten gallons a day, the equivalent of nine pounds of cheese, worth 
 approximately $1.50. The average for the herd is six gallons a day, the total 
 average output of cheese being 200 pounds a day, although at times the 
 output has been 300 pounds for a single day. The lowest price this dairyman 
 has received in recent years was twelve cents a pound, the highest eighteen 
 cents, and the average being fourteen cents a pound. 
 
 This herd is fed on alfalfa and a little grain hay, in addition to which 
 three large crops of alfalfa are harvested, the cuttings averaging six and 
 seven tons to the acre in all, which is worth $6 a ton loose or $8 baled. These 
 figures are for average years. At other times the prices are higher. 
 
 The California market for dairy products is one of the best in the United 
 States. High prices prevail and the market is seldom if ever overstocked. 
 
 SOUVENIR 5(|9I'5)° EDITION 
 
THE LARGEST BEET SUGAR FACTORY IN THE WORLD IS SITUATED AT SPRECKELS, MONTEREY COUNTY. 
 THE FACTORY EMPLOYS 70O MEN AND THE ANNUAL CUTTING IS 200,000 TONS OF BEETS. 
 
 SUGAR BEET INDUSTRY 
 
 Monterey County has the largest sugar-beet mill in the world. It has a 
 daily capacity of 3,000 tons of beets, and has been in operation since 1897. 
 This mill is located at Spreckels, near Salinas, and represents to the farmers 
 of the county an annual income approximating $1,000,000. This plant 
 employs 700 men, most of whom live in the town of Spreckels, and the annual 
 cutting approximates 200,000 tons of beets. 
 
 The sugar-mill company operates large tracts of land, the acreage now 
 approximating 17,500, and the yield of beets throughout the county averages 
 better than eleven tons to the acre. Near Salinas the average is thirteen 
 tons, while as high a return as twenty-three and a half tons has been 
 received. 
 
 The standard price for beets is $5.50 a ton, the company paying the freight 
 to the factory. Contracts for each season are made at this price and under 
 similar conditions. Of recent years a sliding scale has been established, 
 whereby the growers derive greater benefit from the beet. This scale 
 guarantees a minimum of $5 a ton for beets containing eleven to fifteen per 
 cent, sugar, with fractions of one per cent, added in proportion. Beets testing 
 fifteen per cent, sugar are paid for at the rate of $5.25 ; sixteen per cent., 
 $5.50, and so on up, twenty-five cents a ton being added for each per centum 
 of sugar. The highest price is $7.75 for beets testing twenty-five per cent, 
 sugar. 
 
 The average crop is fifteen tons to the acre, the average price being $5.50, 
 or $82.50 an acre, gross. From this must be deducted the expense of irriga- 
 tion and cultivation, which averages about $36 an acre, leaving a net profit 
 to the grower of $46.50. 
 
 The usual yield is fifteen tons to the acre, though many ranches produce 
 twenty tons, and as high as twenty-five tons have been recorded. 
 
 24 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
TO 
 
 lil I 1 111 ID M \R -^M 1\ \- M'lMI KLY COUMY, HAS RECORDI D A YILLD OF TWLNTY-FIVE TONS 
 THE ACRE. THE MILLING COMPANY ALONE OPERATES 20,000 ACRES OF SUGAR BEET LAND. 
 
 On the Spreckels ranch beets have been grown continuously for ten years, 
 only an occasional crop of barley having been sown. As an evidence of the 
 effect upon the soil, the crop of 1901 was 15.6 tons an acre on a tract of 
 several hundred acres. In 1909 the average was 15.4 tons, while favorable 
 weather conditions in 1910 sent the production up to 19.6 tons an acre. 
 
 It has been found that beets used in rotation with other crops are especi- 
 ally valuable. The following table of increase of crops following beets has 
 been issued from the company's experimental station: 
 
 Per Cent 
 
 Crop 
 
 Oats 8U 
 
 Barley 73 
 
 Hay 66 
 
 Crop " Per Cent 
 
 Wheat 80 
 
 Barley 57 
 
 Wheat 75 
 
 To the farmer contemplating planting sugar-beets, the following expert 
 opinion will be especially interesting: 
 
 "Only a good farmer can raise the sugar-beet. AVhen you see a man 
 making "a success of his beet crop you may put it down that this man is a 
 thorough farmer. The sugar-beet has played an important part in the 
 development of Monterey County. The value of the crop among all those 
 grown was second. Barley alone exceeded the value of the beet crop to the 
 farmers, and that by only $50,000, which considering the fact that over 100,000 
 acres are grown, against 15,000 acres of beets, is not a very great margin. The 
 value of the sugar-beet is $57.14 an acre, while the next second crop, beans, 
 has a value of $37.20 an acre. Averages compiled from figures given by actual 
 growers outside of the company show that the profits for beets average nearly 
 $40 an acre. 
 
 "Not only is the sugar-beet a paying financial crop in itself, but its effect 
 upon the soil is markedly beneficial. 
 
 "All lands are not adapted to the sugar-beet. More beets can well be 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
 25 
 
 EDITION 
 
HERE S AN ALFALFA FIELD NEAR SALINAS THAT MAKES ONE MARVEL AT THE PRODUCTIVITY OF MONTEREY 
 COUNTY SOIL. THIS ALFALFA MAY BE CUT SIX TIMES IN A SEASON. 
 
 considered for this valley and in their growing both farmer and soil will 
 benefit. 
 
 ''The prime qualities of sugar content and weight are opposed to one 
 another in the sugar-beet, and the successful grower must take both into 
 consideration. The minimum of sugar is twelve per cent. 
 
 "In general, it has been found that the best results are obtained by- 
 aiming at a two-pound beet, long, tapering and well rounded, with a slight 
 twist — the sugar twist — and a small green crown." 
 
 To obtain this, study of local conditions is imperative, soils of different 
 types requiring different treatments. 
 
 The pulp of the beets, after the sugar has been extracted, is sold for cattle 
 feed. The annual sales are about 50,000 tons of fresh pulp at twenty-eight 
 cents a ton, and 25,000 tons of silo pulp, seventy-eight cents. The entire sales 
 equal about 100,000 tons of fresh pulp. 
 
 ALFALFA ACREAGE INCREASING 
 
 The acreage devoted to alfalfa in jMonterey County is increasing annually, 
 for here ideal conditions are to be found. In most sections it is not a very 
 great depth to water, and both electric and oil power are comparatively cheap. 
 The climate is a "growing climate," and it is possible to get six or seven, not 
 infrequently eight cuttings a year, and the average yield is about one and 
 one-half tons to the acre each cutting. 
 
 As elsewhere, dairying has followed the alfalfa patches, and the next few 
 years will see an immense acreage planted to this forage, for there are thou- 
 sands of acres of available land for alfalfa growing. 
 
 In the vicinity of King City there is a considerable acreage, and with 
 increased irrigation facilities it will not be long before the entire countryside 
 is like a green carpet. Some of the best fields are on the Spreckels ranch. 
 
 26 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
BURBANKS ARE FAMOUS EVERYWHERK, AND MORE THAN ij)!, 500,000 ARE SHIPPED PROM 
 SALINAS VALLEY EVERY YEAR, OUTRIVALING ALL OTHER POTATOES IN THE MARKET. 
 
 In the San Ardo district the farmers have gone in for extensive alfalfa 
 growing for the dairy herds. 
 
 There is always a good demand for alfalfa and the price justifies the farmer 
 in devoting his fields to this forage. Practically the only expense attached to 
 it is irrigating and cutting after the first year. The lands in Monterey County 
 are easily checked and readily drained. 
 
 SALINAS BURBANK POTATOES 
 
 The Salinas Burbank potato is the "king of spuds." It is produced in 
 large quantities in the rich river sediment near Salinas, the annual shipments 
 approximating in value over $1,500,000. 
 
 Monterey County devotes 5,000 acres to this potato, standing number 
 five in the list of counties for the production. 
 
 The average production is seventy-five to eighty sacks of 125 pounds each 
 to the acre. 
 
 In the immediate vicinity of Salinas the yield is considerably higher, not 
 infrequently the production being 125 sacks to the acre. 
 
 The record for productivity is held by James Bardin on his ranch across 
 the river from Salinas, who reported 400 sacks produced on a single acre. 
 
 M. F. Martin of Salinas got 5,600 sacks from thirty-eight acres, an average 
 of 155 sacks to the acre. The gross receipts from this crop were $11,000, or 
 an average higher than $289 an acre. 
 
 Many instances of big yields could be set down, but the average yield is 
 sufficiently impressive. Potato growers find this crop a most profitable one. 
 
 There is always a good market for potatoes, as California imports many 
 thousand sacks yearly, and consequently the price usually warrants a 
 farmer in growing them on a large scale. 
 
 ,^OViUi5> 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
 27 
 
THIS HtKi.lUKlJ BULL, \VEIGHii\G 2,jOO luLuND.s, 1^ io BE FOUND ON A DAIRY KAACll .\i.AR loKi JUORIE. 
 FINE DAIRIES ARE OBTAINED ONLY FROM THOROUGHBRED STOCK. 
 
 LIVE STOCK 
 
 Live stock continues to be one of the large industries of JMonterey County, 
 although it is annually on the wane, and must continue to be since the settler 
 is encroaching upon the ranges and demanding more and more land for farms. 
 
 In earlier days, of course, vast tracts were roamed by cattle and sheep. 
 There is considerable range land to be had for $5 and $15 an acre, but to 
 a very large extent, within a few years, beef cattle will be raised in the 
 valleys, for the conditions could not be bettered. The climatic condition 
 enables the cattle to mature earlier than in cold climate, and it is said by 
 stockmen that two-year-olds attain the size and match the weight of three-year- 
 
 GREENFIELD ll.\lkVMi;X l.IKLWISi; HA\I HI i.\ i;,R\UL\(; 11' Tlli:iK U1:K1)S. THl^KE IS PLENTY OF ROOM 
 TO MAKE MONTEREY THE DAIRYING CENTER OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 28 ,VU /!» 
 
 SOUVENIR ^flQI'^ji EDITION 
 
SHEEP MEN WILL FIND MANY .AiJ\ AXTAGKS IX MONTEREY COUNXY, WHERE THE ANNUAL WOOL CLIP AT 
 PRESENT IS APPROXIMATELY 150,000 POUNDS. THERE ARE MANY LARGE SHEEP RANCHES. 
 
 olds in other states. Another attraction to the cattlemen is the beet pulp, 
 which is used for fattening purposes, thousands of head of cattle being fed 
 this by-product of the big sugar mill. Many of these are to be seen at 
 Alisal, near Salinas. The equivalent of 100,000 tons of pulp is fed annually 
 and thus what would otherwise be a waste product is turned into money for 
 the farmer. 
 
 The latest available figures on the cattle business show that there are 
 32,400 beef cattle valued at $2,000,000, calves valued at $500,000 and 12,000 
 hogs valued at $120,000 in the county. 
 
 RAISING IS PARTICULARLY SUCCESSFUL IN MONTEREY COUNTY, THE FOALS HAVING THE 
 ADVANTAGE OF FREEDOM OF THE FIELDS ALL YEAR ROUND. 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
 CLIiiATlC 
 
 29 
 
LIVE STOCK IS A LARGE INDUSTKV Ui' MONTEREY. liUT CATTLE VALUED AT NEARLY $3,000,000 ARE ON 
 THE county's ASSESSMENT ROLLS. KING CITY IS AMONG THE FRUITFUL SHIPPING POINTS. 
 
 Other interesting statistics will be found in the ai)[)eiuled table : 
 
 Number Value 
 
 Horses 200 $()0,()()0 
 
 Staiuhird-bred Horses 3,(i00 ;«)(), 000 
 
 Coiniuou 11,200 r)t)0,()00 
 
 Colts 3,500 105,000 
 
 Jacks and Jennies 30 Hi, 500 
 
 Mules (iOO 0(i,(K)0 
 
 Sheep 30 ,000 DO ,000 
 
 Lambs 10,000 20,000 
 
 Angora Goats 1 , SOO 7 , 200 
 
 Common Goats 050 1 ,025 
 
 The production of wool is placed at 180, 000 [xiunds in the average year, 
 and the mohair production about 20,000 pounds. 
 
 THE HONEY PRODUCTION 
 
 Monterey County is one of llic leading bee counties in California, the 
 annual output of lioney and beeswax being a very tidy sum. There is 
 scarcely a section that does not i)rodnce honey in commercial (puiiitities, and 
 the entire county seems to be esi)ecially adapted to the bee. The best results 
 are obtained in the foothills, but the valleys also are jn'ofitable for stands. 
 Not infrc(piently the bee man maintains his stands merely as a side issue, 
 but there are some who specialize. 
 
 There is ample raw material for bees, tlu' button sage being one of the 
 best honey-bearing plants. Alfalfa also is of great value, and the extent to 
 which it is grown is of great advantage to the bee keeper. 
 
 The average yield of lioney is about 100 pounds to the stand, but in 
 some instances 150 i)ounds are obtained, while there have been yields of 300 
 to 400 i)ounds. 
 
 Not much honey is sold in the comb. The price for extracted honey 
 remains about $5 for a sixty-pound can, although the price for years had 
 
 SOUVENIR 7(|9I'7)? EDITION 
 
A II I I'. !• \M 11 l\ \ M II ] I III M I \ \^ 1 r-, . Mil III l\ I N I'l!! HU ( I |i i\ Ml M i I ' , I II' I \ i ' il ' , I \ I I M I' I \ T 
 
 KAriDi.v, I'lii'; A.\,\uAi. ouri'ur ai'1'K(j.\ima ri.Nt. §50,000 ai nil-; i-kI'.M'.M' iimI'.. 
 
 been $4.50 a can. Two or three hundred stands, at this rate, will net the 
 owner about $1,000 in the ordinary season. A good apiarist can do the work 
 for two hundred stands alone, and with the help of an inexperienced hand 
 for two months is able to manage three hundred stands. 
 
 There is no comparison between the climate of JMonterey County and the 
 l<]ast('i'n states when bees are considered. 
 
 The official figures of the county assessment show tliat lliere are 8,000 
 liives in the county, valued at $41,500. The annual [iroduetion is given at 
 5,000 ])ounds of beeswax, valued at $1,500, and ',ilC),'r>00 pounds of honey, 
 valued at $28,537. 
 
 POULTRY IS PROMISING 
 
 It would be difficult to lind a seetion in all California that is better 
 adapted in every way for raising poultry. In fact Monterey County is a 
 veritable paradise for the poultryman, and the annual e^^ production demon- 
 strates tiuit the farmers are I'ealizing that this industry is of great 
 importance. Not only have they a large hyme market, but the California 
 market cannot be supplied in its poultry requirements, millions of dozens of 
 eggs being imported annually. One of the greatest factors in favor of poultry 
 in IMonterey County is the climate, which does not require that expensive 
 housing be used. S(|uabs are raised for market and the returns are highly 
 remunerative. 
 
 The following statistics on i)oultry will prove interesting: 
 
 Dozen Value 
 
 Chickens 18,000 $72,000 
 
 Ducks 2.50 1 , 125 
 
 Geese 150 1,200 
 
 Turkeys 400 4,800 
 
 Eggs (annu:.lly) 720,000 144 ,000 
 
 $223,125 
 SOUVENIR f(l91'5)f EDITION 
 
''-^C 
 
 ^•'•-•^«1 
 
 jum. " > / ' 
 
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 W 
 
 
 
 
 
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 A PANORAMA OF BtAUTlfUL MONTEREY, SHOWING IN THE DISTANCE THE MATCHLESS SANDY BEACH, THE MAGNIFIC 
 
 IN THE FOREGROUND IS THE MAJESTIC CYPRESS FOREST. SEARCH THE CON 
 
 32 
 
\ ■ \ ^. \ \ ^ 
 
 ' />■ r< ':^ <- < 
 
 \ / \ 
 
 rhotoj^raph Copyrighted by R. J. Arnold. 
 HARBOR WHERE SHIPS OF COMMERCE AND PLEASURE CRAFT MAY SEEK SHELTER FROM RAGING STORMS AT SEA; 
 NT FROM COAST TO COAST AND NO MORE IDYLLIC SPOT COULD BE FOUND. 
 
 33 
 

 
 WSBtKIm" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 m 
 
 /. , 
 
 
 wam;:.:^ 
 
 
 
 
 \_ 
 
 
 
 
 STREET SCENE IN SALINAS, THE CAPITAL OF MONTEREY COUNTY; (MIDDLE) SALINAS CITY HALL; JIM BARDIN 
 HOSPITAL, DONATED BY JIM BARDIN TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 34 
 
THRESHING BEANS NEAR SALINAS. THIS IS AMONG THE MONEY-MAKING i i;iil - ' 
 
 AND IS BEING EXTENSIVELY DEVELOPED IN SEVERAL ShCllu.Nh. 
 
 PROSPEROUS FARMING CENTERS 
 
 There is not a single farming town of IMonterey County that is not pros- 
 perous and progressive. The residents are always going ahead, and the 
 county is blessed with magnificent public buildings, excellent schools, and 
 comfortable homes and good roads.' The various embryo cities are equipped 
 with electric lights and, for the most part, their streets are well paved. 
 Salinas is the northernmost and, from north to south, the smaller places in 
 the chain of valley centers are Chualar, Gonzales, Soledad, Greenfield, King 
 City, San Lucas, San Ardo and Bradley. All of these, except Greenfield, 
 are on the main line of the Southern Pacific railway. 
 
 Salinas. 
 
 Salinas, the county seat of Monterey, is an incorporated city of nearly 
 6,000 inhabitants. It is located on the Southern Pacific main line, 118 miles 
 south of San Francisco. Moss Landing is ten miles distant, and here vessels 
 land and discharge and load freight to and from the country tributary to 
 Salinas. 
 
 Salinas is the most important commercial city in the county. Three miles 
 
 ■ '.;.-'./ /',///-'.■-//■./ / y ' ^ ■':''->' ^. '-■'■'/'■■■■': .'■ V '^ 
 
 A Will, A 1 
 LMMLXSl: 
 
 niKlMIING SCENE NEAR SALINAS. WHEN WHEAT WAS KING IN CALIFORNIA'S GREAT VALLEYS 
 At;KEAGE WAS PLANTED TO GRAIN AND THERE ARE SOME BIG RANCHES IN MONTEREY COUNTY. 
 
 SOUVENIR f{i9l'5)? EDITION 
 
:'M III f^^ir' Hi" - 
 
 Mli 
 
 Cl 1 I. I \> OF MONTEREY ■ ■,' i ■:■.-; I ■, . i 1 I M i \ IC \i 1 l i; ^ i I I 1 1 I I K sCHOOi, 
 
 BUILDINGS. TOP, SOLEDAD SCHOOL. MIDDLE, SALINAS UIGU SCHOOL. BOTTOM, GONZALES GKAMMAK SCHOOL. 
 
 36 
 
away is tlie largest sugai- mill in the world, located at Spreckels, and 
 surrounding the city for many miles are the richest acres in all tliat rich 
 section of California. 
 
 The streets are well paved, ;iii(l llici-c ai'c good hotels, business blocks, 
 banks, fraternal halls, an armory, opera house, eight church buildings, an ice 
 plant, a brewer^y, a planing mill and a ei-eamery. 
 
 The schools are exeeplionally good, and there is an exceHeut high sehool 
 building, tlie graduales of which are accredited to Hie universities ol' 
 Calirornia. 
 
 The eily hall is atii'aetive, and so is the court house and tiu' libi-ary, and 
 the IVee county librai'y is an instil ntion that is popular anu)ng all classes. 
 
 Tliei-e are foiir subslanlial banks in the city, and each maintains a 
 savings depai'lment. 
 
 Tliei-e ai-e two public parks, excellenlly maintained, gas and electric lights, 
 and good water I'rom deep wells. 
 
 Annually Salinas holds a " P.ig Week," which is one of the recognized 
 carnivals of the AVest. During these festive days there gather at Salinas 
 cowboys and daring men from all sections, and they perform tricks with 
 lariat, horses and steei's that bi'ing to mind the boi'der days that have 
 vanished. 
 
 Salinas will continue its natural growth, lor the reason that the country 
 surrounding it is rich agriculturally, and the i-esidents of the city its.elf have 
 not been backAvard in recognizing this fact and embracing the opportunity 
 that awaited the development of that entire section. Some of the large ranch 
 holdings have been subdivided through the iuHuence of Salinas citizens, and 
 there was not the slightest difficulty in inducing settlers to conu^ and enjoy 
 the greatest growing clinuite and the richest producing soil to be found in 
 all that valley. 
 
 Chualar. 
 
 Chualai' has 150 inhabitants, and dairying is interesting the farmers to a 
 considerable degree. This section has been devoted largely to gi'ain, but it 
 has been foniul that nearly all croi)s will yield handsome I'etui'us. 
 
 Gonzales. 
 
 Gonzales is the county's largest dairying town. Throughout this section 
 alfalfa is grown and more than 7,000 cows are now milked there and the 
 supply sold to the Al()ine Evaporated Cream Company, which maintains a 
 large plant there. This old town is growing, and substantial l)uil(lings ai-e 
 being erected. There is an excellent bank, and the section has good 
 highways. 
 
 Soledad. 
 
 Soledad, with 400 population, is thriving, dairying and sugar-beet raising 
 bringing the farmers handsome retui'iis. There is an excellent country 
 around Soledad, and of late irrigation has become well advanced. The 
 Spreckels Sugar Company ojx'rates two I'anches near Soledad with a total 
 acreage of 0,200 acres. 
 
 Fort Romie. 
 
 Fort Komi(; is otf the railroad, using Soledad as its shi[)ping point. Here 
 is one of the three fai-m colonies in America conducted by the Salvation 
 Army. Origiimlly this S(!ction was embraced in four ranches — San Jojo, 
 Fort Romie, ]Mission Soledad and Spreckels Ranch — extending from the 
 Salinas River on the west to the foothills. Over a century ago this land was 
 cultivated by the fathers of Mission Soledad. They built irrigating canals, 
 
 SOUVENIR 7(j9l'5)? EDITION 
 
m^&^'O^'j^t^'^ 
 
 y.ymA'-wr^j^-^mM 
 
 . ' 'i""f ' »'" II" \ 
 
 2HHD 
 
 KING CITY HAS MODERN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, RECENTLY HAVING COMPLETED A $20,000 GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOL AND A $35,000 HIGH SCHOOL. THERE IS A LARGE ATTENDANCE AT BOTH SCHOOLS. 
 
 and when ten years ago the Monterey County Land & Water Company 
 began the installation of a new ditch system it was found that the century- 
 old canal lines were the best to follow. The water is obtained from the 
 Arroyo Seco, This is supplemented by many pumping plants, the wells of 
 which are about one hundred feet deep. 
 
 Alfalfa is the principal crop grown, the acreage being greater than all 
 other crops. Five and six cuttings give a seasonal yield of seven and one-half 
 to eight and a half tons to the acre, besides giving ample winter pasture. 
 
 The white carrot is grown extensively, being fed to horses, cows, and 
 hogs. The yield is sixty to ninety tons to the acre. Potatoes have done well, 
 but are being superseded by sugar-beets. Dairying will be in vogue soon, 
 and poultry raising is receiving considerable attention. Much honey is 
 obtained from the foothill stands. All fruits do exceedingly well. 
 
 Greenfield. 
 
 Greenfield, situated between Soledad and King City, is prospering, alfalfa 
 fields keeping the entire section green. There are large seed farms here, 
 shipping principally onion, radish and cabbage seed. Of late years fruit is 
 taking a pi'omiiient place in the development of the section, sevei-al orcliards 
 
 THERE ARE MANY PICTURESQUE DRIVES THROUGHOUT MONTEREY COUNTY AND THE HIGHWAYS IN GEN- 
 ERAL ARE MAINTAINED AT A HIGH STANDARD. ROAD BETWEEN JOLON VALLEY AND KING CITY. 
 
 SOUVENIR ^ilQI"?)? EDITION 
 
y.':r. 
 
 
 Ki\i. ( I n 11 \s wi 1,1. I. in >i iM I I -. Mil M \ 1 I iih.iiw \-^ u 1 1 I I ^1 i ii i^- - i im i r \- i ii i m \i\ j-;oi'te 
 
 NUKIH A.ND t.OL 111. ALRhAUV AUTUlSiS ARE ATTKACTEU TO IT. 
 
 having been set out within a few years. Greenfield was established at a time 
 when direful predictions were made as to its ultimate success, but it has made 
 good in every particular. 
 
 King City. 
 
 The first impression one gets of King City is most favorable. Here are 
 broad streets, lined with substantial buildings, and a spirit of progress 
 pervades the little town, which has more than doubled its population within 
 three years. 
 
 It would be hard to find a little city with better natural advantages than 
 King City. The country around it is rich and the territory is extensive. The 
 city has not been slow to recognize the advantages it possesses, and there are 
 electric lights, a good water system, good hotels, stores, shops, and excellent 
 schools and churches. The latest addition to the city is a $20,000 grammar 
 school and a $35,000 high school, each of which is a credit to the district. 
 
 The coast branch of the new $18,000,000 California State highway runs 
 through the heart of King City, its fine broad Main Street being part of the 
 route north and south. 
 
 THERE ARE 8,000 ACRES IN THIS RANCH WHICH IS ONE OF THE LARGEST GRAIN RANCHES IN MONTEREY 
 COUNTY. VERY RAPIDLY THE LARGE HOLDINGS ARE BEING CUT UP INTO SMALLER FARMS. 
 
 39 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
 EDITION 
 
■i 
 
 II 
 
 ' " ^ '■ , \ 
 
 /^' ;■ , N 
 
 \S A LARGE 
 
 ONK (JF THK I'lNKSX HIGH SCHOOLS IN ALL CALUFORXIA IS THE K.1XG CITY SCHOOL, WHICH H 
 ATTENDANCE. THIS BUILDING COST $35,000 AND IS MODERN IN EVERY DETAIL. 
 
 The large warehouse of the Salinas Valley Hay & Storage Company is a 
 factor in giving King City prestige as a grain center. Another industrial 
 feature is the plant of the King City Gypsum Company, which has a mine 
 near by. 
 
 San Lucas. 
 
 San Lucas, having a population of nearly 500, is the center of a large area, 
 devoted mostly to the raising of grain and general farming. One of the 
 richest tributary districts is embraced in the Trescony Grant, on which are 
 many tenants. Peachtree, Jolon, Long and AVhite Horse valleys and the 
 Freeman Flat are included in San Lncas territory. Large shipments of cattle 
 are made from here, and San Lucas horses are known in the markets of 
 California. 
 
 San Ardo. 
 
 Stock raising and grain growing are the principal occupations of the 
 residents surrounding San Ardo, which has a town population of 500. This is 
 the distributing point for a rich portion of the Salinas Valley and for the 
 
 RANCH HOUSES NESTLE AMONG GREAT SHAPE TREES I.N MUMEREV COLMV. THIS PLACE, IN THE VICINITY 
 OF SAN LUCAS, GIVES ONE AN IDEA OF THE GREAT PRLNCIPALITIES NOW RAPIDLY DISAPPEARING, 
 
 SOUVENIR 5( 1913)5 EDITION 
 
■\~\<"< 
 
 ^^_ 
 
 
 C. IL 
 
 IN THE VICINITY OF SAN AltDO GRAIN IS GROWN ON AN EXTENSIVE SCALE AND THE VAST FIELDS STRETCH 
 FORTH AS FAR AS THE EYE CAN SEE OR THE CAMERA RECORD. 
 
 Poncho Rieo and I'ine valleys and Sargent's Canyon. A large steel and 
 concrete bridge here spans the Salinas River, affording communication with a 
 section long neglected. Dairying is on the increase in this section, and gives 
 promise of great future development. 
 
 Bradley. 
 
 At the head of the Salinas Valley is Bradley, which has a population of 
 500. Hames and Indian Valley are tributary. The San Antonio River joins 
 the Salinas River at this place. Bradley is 196 miles south of San Francisco. 
 Much grain is grown in the county surrounding Bradley. 
 
 Moss Landing. 
 
 ]\Ioss Landing, situated on ]\Ionterey Bay, where the Salinas River and 
 Elkhorn Slough empty into it, is important as a shipping point. The Pacific 
 Coast Steamship Company has a wharf here and vessels belonging to that 
 concern make regular calls at this port. The South Coast Steamship Com- 
 pany's boats also put in here for cargoes. A considerable tonnage is handled 
 at this port. 
 
 MONTEREY COUNTY BARLEY IS SOL Gil L J.A(;j:KIA' BY THE BUVEKS OF THE WORLD. THIS BARLEY, 
 ON ONE CORNER OF A BRADLEY RANCH, IS ALL READY FOR MARKET. 
 
 SOUVENIR 7M9I'7)S EDITION 
 
 41 
 
XHK BAV Ui' MOiNlhRLY Al Mus^ LANDliNu, A bHlPPlNG PUXN i SITUATKU AT THK MOUTH OF SAUNAS. 
 THOUSANDS OF TONS OF GRAINS AND PRODUCE FIND AN OUTLET BY THE ROUTE. 
 
 Del Monte Junction (Castroville.) 
 
 Del Monte Junction is the new name given to Castroville. Here the trains 
 of the main line of the Southern Pacific meet the branch line trains going to 
 Monterey peninsula. It is two miles from Moss Landing, and the population 
 is nearly 900. Dairying is well developed here, as is horticulture. The 
 vegetable production of the region is large, potatoes being an item of 
 importance. 
 
 Watsonville Junction (Pajaro.) 
 
 Pajaro has been renamed AVatsonville Junction, and rapidly is becoming a 
 lively little city. As its new name implies, it is an important railroad point, 
 the Southern Pacific maintaining its headquarters for this division here. It 
 is in the heart of the great apple country and naturally is an important 
 shipping center, 
 
 Spreckels. 
 
 Spreckels, where is situated the largest beet-sugar factory in the world, is 
 made up largely of employes of the Spreckels Sugar Company. One of the 
 
 
 IKANSi 
 42 
 
 ORiATlUN FACILITIES AKE LXCLLLLNT IN MONIEKLV COUNTY. THIS lb A TKALN LOAD OF W HF:AT 
 EN ROUTE TO MOSS LANDING, WHERE IT WILL BE PUT ABOARD A VESSEL. 
 

 y-'K'y- 
 
 S.\~ 
 
 V , \ 1-, >, > 
 
 
 
 < •< 
 
 
 
 <■';• 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 ,<\\ 
 
 - -:,.,J 
 
 -/^ 
 
 / / 
 
 -' '■ / 
 
 1 > / .~, 
 
 ROLLING UAKLi:V OX USE OF TIIK LARGE RANCHKS IN I'HI'. JOl.oX VAIJ.IV !.N MON ILKKY LCJUNTV. Illls 
 IS JUST ANOTHER EVIDENCE OF THE DIVERSITY OF FARMING IN THIS SECTION. 
 
 boasts of Spreckels is the excellent fire-protection system it has. It is de- 
 clared to be superior to that of many towns of greater size. Spreckels is 
 three miles from Salinas. 
 
 Jolon, 
 
 The principal town of the Jolon Valley is the town of that name, with a 
 population of 250. In the valley are Lockwood, which is near the center of 
 the valley, and Pleyto. Here there is a vast territory of rich undeveloped 
 acreage, obtainable at very low prices. 
 
 Smaller Towns. 
 
 There are several smaller towns. Between Soledad and King City is Metz. 
 Parkfield is the center of the Cholame Valley. In the north, Prunedale, in the 
 San Miguel Canyon, is of note as a shipping point, apples and apricots being 
 the specialties of the tributary country. Aromas, near Watsonville Junction, 
 also is coming to the front as a producer of apricots. In this vicinity there 
 are some excellent lands to be had. 
 
 THIS WAR I : Ho I Si- , IHi, i'Kol'l I; I \ ol' THi: S. P. M I I M \i , ( o\i i- \ \ N , |> oM , il 1 III-: LARGEST IN CALIFORNIA, 
 I3KL\C 750 I'LLT IX LENGXil. IT IS SIXLATED AX KLNG CITY. 
 
 43 
 
 SOUVENIR 5(l9I'7)i EDITION 
 
THE RESORT SECTION 
 
 The Monterey peninsula lias the grandest seaside climate in the country 
 That IS not merely an idle statement, as may be seen by a reference to the 
 charts kept by the United States AVeather l^nreau. This record for four 
 successive years gives the mean temperature of the peninsula as follows: 
 
 •!-'"?"''>'">■ April July October 
 
 54 decrees 50 degrees 51 degrees 59 degrees 
 
 54 degrees 50 degrees 58 degrees 58 lelrees 
 
 53 degrees 51 degrees 56 degrees 50 degrees 
 
 53 degrees 50 degrees 58 degrees 54 degrees 
 
 p ^-f"^}^'''^"® typical midwinter and midsummer temperatures at IMonterey and 
 J acihc Grove with the corresponding- figures for some noted European and 
 African resorts and touring regions, and this will be noted. 
 
 January July 
 
 Monterey and Pacific Grove 52 58 
 
 Mentone, France 40 73 
 
 Naples, Italy [ [[ 45 yg 
 
 Algiers, Africa ' ' 52 75 
 
 And while one is considering climate, an idea of that prevailing in the 
 Ulterior of this county is appended, the following tabulation being taken from 
 official records for many years : 
 
 Station 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 April 
 
 50.2 
 
 55.8 
 55.8 
 57.3 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Annua 
 
 King City 
 
 48.4 
 50.2 
 48.2 
 47.1 
 
 48.8 
 51 . 2 
 50.3 
 50.2 
 
 53.5 
 53.9 
 
 52.7 
 53 . G 
 
 59. G 
 58.3 
 GO.O 
 G2.3 
 
 G3.7 
 00.8 
 02. 
 05 . 5 
 
 07.0 
 01.0 
 02.7 
 GO.l 
 
 60.4 
 01.9 
 01. () 
 05 . 1 
 
 00.0 
 61.5 
 01.1 
 04.9 
 
 59.3 
 
 58.2 
 57 . 5 
 59.8 
 
 53.8 
 54.3 
 53.1 
 53.2 
 
 49.0 
 51.7 
 50.1 
 49.3 
 
 
 ^Jontcrey 
 
 Salinas 
 
 Soledad 
 
 57.6 
 50.6 
 50.3 
 57.9 
 
 It will be noted in a reference to the weather reports from the continental 
 resorts that here is a wide range of thirty-three degrees at one of the most 
 celebrated resorts on the south coast of France. 
 
 On the ]\ronterey peninsula the variation is but seven degrees! 
 
 There is no such climate in the world, search Mdiere you will It is 
 superior to that of Honolulu, for the climate of the peninsula is invigorating 
 not enervating. It surpasses the famed Riviera, on the south coast of France' 
 with Its dry and irritating winds. St. Augustine, in Florida, shows a mean 
 temperature m January of fifty-nine degrees, and a mean temperature in 
 July of seventy-seven degrees, with a rainfall for the year of fifty-five inches 
 
 iMonterey peninsula has 293 clear, sunshiny days a year! 
 
 The rainfall is not excessive, and the rainy season is not continuous. It is 
 truly said that there are days of rain and weeks of sunshine. 
 
 One authority puts it concretely this way: 
 
 /'There is not only less rain, but more fair and beautiful days than in the 
 cities ot the Atlantic Coast from Newport to New Orleans. After each shower 
 the sun comes out warm, and in a single day after the severest storm there 
 are no traces left of the visitation, save in firmer roads and grounds and 
 fresh growths of grass and flowers." 
 
 Climate is Nature's rarest gift. Verily, IMonterey is the ''Empire of 
 Uimate. It is unexcelled in the West as it is unsurpassed in the East The 
 North does not match it, nor the South approach it. 
 
 It is not surprising that the peninsula is building up with homes This 
 raagnihcent country overlooks the beautiful bay of iMonterey, discovered in 
 \bVZ by Sebastian Vizcaino. The hills are covered with Monterey pines and 
 Alonterey cypress, and other trees pictured and painted by celebrated writers 
 and artists. 
 
 On the north shore of the peninsula is a long, narrow, settled region 
 practically a single city, but divided politically. Westernmost is Pacific 
 
 44 
 
 SOUVENIR 5(l9l'5)^ EDITION 
 
Grove. Then comes Monterey, spreading back from the beach toward the 
 majestic hills. The Hotel Del Monte is east of Monterey, and farther east are 
 Seaside, Del Monte Heights and other divisions. Across the peninsula are 
 Carmel-by-the-Sea and Pebble Beach. 
 
 The Monterey & Pacific Grove Railroad operates a trolley system that 
 links Pacific Grove, Monterey and Del ]\Ionte together, and a loop line in 
 Montere}^ runs to the Presidio. Another trolley line in the Seaside district 
 connects with Ihe main system, thus making a complete line of seven miles. 
 
 The permanent population of the peninsula is more than 10,000, but during 
 summer months this num])er climbs to more than twice that number. 
 
 FAMOUS DRIVES 
 
 Scarcely a pleasure-seeker who does not know of the beauties of the 
 Seventeen-mile Drive on the IMonterey peninsula. Now another drive has 
 been built, and it is called Scenic Boulevard. These two drives are forty-two 
 miles long, while half a dozen minor roadways bring the total mileage to fifty 
 miles. These roads wind through forest, climb cliffs and skirt the shore of 
 the sea. They were especially designed for the convenience and pleasure of 
 the motorist, who may send his car whirring along without shifting gears, 
 the average grade being two per cent, and the highest is six per cent. The 
 roads are macadamized and are kept in perfect repair. 
 
 Along the Seventeen-mile Drive there are many attractions. From Pacific 
 Grove one soon reaches points of more than passing interest — Point Joe, 
 Restless Sea, Bird Rocks, Seal Rocks, Fan Shell Beach, the Ostrich Tree — a 
 pair of cypress trees tAvisted by the wind into the shape of an ostrich — Cypress 
 Point, Cypress Grove and MidAvay Point. The Seal Rocks comprise the largest 
 seal rookeries on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 At Cypress Grove the road leads through the narrow restricted grove of 
 IMonterey cypress — one of the two groves extant, the other being on Point 
 Lobos on the south of Carmel Bay. 
 
 MARINE LIFE AT MONTEREY 
 
 The marine life in IMonterey Bay is said to be the most abundant and as 
 wonderful as found anywhere in the world. It is the extreme soul hern 
 habitat of the cold water fish and the northern limit of the run of the warm 
 water fish. This results in a great variety of fish. Of the twenty-eight 
 varieties of cod on the Pacific Coast twenty are found here, and there are 
 fifteen varieties of mackerel. 
 
 Viewed from one of the glass-bottom boats in the bay one marvels at the 
 panorama of the depths — an endless variety of fish moving about the surpris- 
 ing growths of plant life at the bottom. 
 
 The bay is a great favorite among sportsmen, for here are caught tlie 
 steelhead trout, salmon, sea bass, yellow tail, barracuda, and occasionally a 
 tuna finds its way into these waters. The salmon is trolled for at varying 
 depths, the detachable sinker being used. In all, there are 150 species of food 
 fish found in the bay. 
 
 The abundance of fish hereabouts naturally results in commercial 
 activity along this line. The shipments of fresh fish to the market around 
 San Francisco and the bay region are considerable, about 600,000 pounds of 
 salmon being sent out annually, and fully 1,500,000 pounds of other fish. 
 Fish canneries located on the shore of IMonterey Bay have an output approxi- 
 mating a quarter of a million dollars annually. 
 
 IMonterey has two plants, operated by the Pacific Fish Company and the 
 Booth Packing Company. Salmon and sardines are put up here. The Point 
 Lobos Canning Company packs abalones at its plant south of Carmel Bay, 
 and abalones are also packed at Point Sur. 
 
 SOUVENIR fllQn)? EDITION 
 
THIS BEAUTIFUL BEACH AT PACIFIC GROVE IS SOUGHT BY THOUSANDS IN SEARCH OF SUMMER 
 
 THE WHOLE FAMILY GOES A-BATHING OR A-BOATING IN THE GLASS BOTTOM BOATS 
 46 
 
A MAGNIFICENT HARBOR 
 
 Monterey harbor, almost a hundred miles south of the Golden Gate, lies 
 at the southern tip of the great sweep of the bay of Monterey. To the south 
 and east it is protected by mountains and hills. On the north the winds are 
 broken by the Santa Cruz Mountains. Pigeon Point, on the l)ay's north end, 
 extends farther to the west than the outermost rock of the Monterey 
 peninsula. The harbor is absolutely free from rocks and shoals, and its 
 entrance is not made dangerous by a sand-bar. 
 
 The best harbor in a strip of several hundred miles of coast, according to 
 the government engineers, this has but one defect. Continued storms create 
 an undertow which causes vessels to chafe against the piers. To overcome 
 this, a breakwater, estimated to cost $800,000, is recommended by the Federal 
 engineering corps. 
 
 This is the way the Monterey Chamber of Commerce officially states the 
 situation : 
 
 "California needs every harbor facility that it possibly can attain. At 
 Monterey there is located one of the best harbors on the Coast. The United 
 States Board of Engineers on Rivers and Harbors says that a breakwater 
 costing $800,000 is needed to perfect and make this harbor a most useful 
 adjunct to the transportation of the Pacific Coast. This Board of Engineers 
 has recommended that the Congress of the United States do appropriate 
 $600,000 toward the said improvement, if the local interests will contribute 
 $200,000 toward the same." These appropriations have been made. 
 
 "Only wharves and not anchorage need protection," explains D. E. 
 Hughes, assistant engineer in the United State corps of engineers, who made 
 the report on this harbor. Engineer Hughes says a breakwater only 2,000 
 feet long would amply protect all existing wharves used in shipping. Every 
 addition to this length would protect, more wharf sites. A length of 2,500 
 feet would be sufficient for the prospective needs of the near future, and it 
 is the basis of estimate in this report. 
 
 The Board of Supervisors of Monterey County also has an official word to 
 say of this fine harbor. This governing body says: 
 
 "Monterey Bay is one of the largest on the Coast, being over twenty miles 
 in width at the mouth, ten miles inland, and in shape resembling a horseshoe. 
 The harbor in this bay is unequaled on the Pacific Ocean. The largest battle- 
 ships of our navy find shelter within 100 feet of the shore; and, during heavy 
 storms at sea, it is not unusual to see ships of different nations anchored in 
 the calm waters of Monterey Bay. Reports from the most noted navigators 
 credit this bay as the safest, and predict the day is not far off when this will 
 be one of the first ports of the nation." 
 
 Monterey is the nearest harbor for a part of California embracing 11,000,- 
 000 acres of arable land; the focal points in this area can be brought 40 to 
 160 miles nearer tidewater by connections with Monterey. North of the 
 Tehachapi and San Luis Obispo passes it is the nearest port to the great oil 
 belt of central California. 
 
 The region tributary to Monterey as a seaport is one-fifth of the total area 
 of the State, and, although containing no large cities, has one-tenth of the 
 assessed valuation and about the same proportion of California's population. 
 The territory in the immediate vicinity, including three counties, according 
 to the Monterey Chamber of Commerce, produces approximately 2,250,000 
 tons of commercial products annually. 
 
 "The City of Monterey," writes its Chamber of Commerce, "has now an 
 actual water transportation of over 550,000 tons per annum and a rail ship- 
 ment of from 150,000 to 200,000 tons per annum. 
 
 47 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 

 S 
 
 .1^' - Tii^- '^ '" 'lii iiii J 
 
 w 
 
 ft 
 
 '/.' . 
 
 V| 
 
 THIS IS ONE OF THE MONTEREY COUNTY HIGH SCHOOLS. IT IS SITUATED AT MONTEREY CITY AND IS 
 ACCREDITED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 "There are vast deposits of low-grade minerals in this vicinity that could 
 be very successfully shipped out of here at a profit with water transportation, 
 if we had harbor improvements that would make the loading of larger vessels 
 here cheap and easy, such as sand, stone, lime and gravel." 
 
 Monterey controls its waterfront, being given the right to lease for fifty 
 years at a time strips not more than 300 feet long. The only frontage not in 
 the ownership of the city is that controlled by the United States Government, 
 1,200 feet long. 
 
 A PROJECTED RAILROAD 
 
 Monterey, enjoying both rail and water transportation facilities, desires 
 very much the construction of a railroad that will tap the heart of the San 
 Joaquin Valley, now distant 300 miles by rail. There is no direct outlet to 
 the ocean for the great valley, and the construction of such a line, it is 
 declared, will open up a vast territory now only thinly settled. 
 
 It may be seen readily that the operation of such a railroad would bring 
 from the interior of California thousands of persons for the summer, for here 
 they find every advantage for rest and recreation. 
 
 ppp^' ' 
 
 
 .y / y / - •' . 
 
 • / / • X / / 
 
 • / - 
 
 / 
 
 <;- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THERE \KI M \il kdUS STATELY HOMES ON THE SHORES OF MONTEREY BAY. TRAVELERS HAVE GONE 
 ALL OVER THE WORLD IN SEARCH OF SUCH SCENES AND CLIMATE ONLY TO SETTLE HERE. 
 
 SOUVENIR 5(l91'5)i EDITION 
 
5EAUTIFUL HOMES LIKE THESE ARE TO BE FdlMi i i\ IHE SHORES OF MONTEREY BAY, A 
 DELIGHTFUL RESIDENCE ^KCITUX. 
 
 THE CITY OF MONTEREY 
 
 In Monterey was the beginning of things in California, and tliere yet 
 lingers the romance of the days of old, the days "before the gringo came." 
 In 1602 came Vizcaino, who named the beantiful bay in honor of Gaspar de 
 Zuniga, Count of Monterey and Viceroy of IMexico. In 1770 Junipero Serra 
 landed to colonize IMonterey, and in the Presidio is to be seen the monument 
 erected in his memory by the late I\Irs. Jane L. Stanford. And, near the 
 Catholic Church will be found the Junipero Oak, under which the first mass 
 was said in California. 
 
 There are innumerable interesting points in Monterey that are cherished 
 in this bustling twentieth century. There are the residences of General Alva- 
 rado and General Castro, and the Pacific Hotel, built in 1834; the first adobe 
 erected has crumbled long since, but the first frame building still stands and 
 also the first brick building built in this State. And there is the rose that 
 General W. T. Sherman, then a lieutenant, planted in honor of his sweetheart, 
 Senorita Bonifacio. 
 
 In 1822 California fell into the hands of the Mexicans, and the first 
 Custom House was erected in 1824, over which Commodore Sloat raised the 
 American flag in 1846. The old Washington Hotel, built in 1832, had been 
 the haunt of famous men, the house occupied by beloved Robert Louis Steven- 
 son during his stay in Monterey, in 1879, stands near by. The ruins of a 
 convent built in 1797 may still be traced, and the old theatre in which Jenny 
 Lind sang is a relic of the days before the "rush to the gold fields." There is 
 the home of Thomas 0. Larkin, United States consul, whose letter to Wash- 
 ington inspired the interest of the United States in the land of gold. 
 
 Following the war with Mexico California became territory of the 
 United States, and under the Stars and Stripes Monterey long held its 
 political eminence. On September 1, 1849, the first Constitutional convention 
 
 49 
 
 SOUVENIR 
 
THE OLD AND THE NEW IN MONTEREY. THE UPPER PICTURE IS OF COLTON HALL, THE FIRST CAPITOL OF 
 CALIFORNIA AND BELOW IS A MODERN MISSION-STYLE HOME HERE. 
 
 SO 
 
was held in Colton Hall and the foundation laid for the admission of Cali- 
 fornia to the Union. 
 
 Monterey was discovered before the landing at Plymouth Rock, and, a 
 century later, it was the scene of Junipero Serra's activities. Monterey knew 
 Fremont, and here came all the sterling characters of the period when men 
 set forth to conquer continents. 
 
 On every side there are evidences of those dreamy days. But one must 
 liave historical data stored up or seek some one who has the time, knowledge, 
 and inclination to entertain, for the Monterey of today is decidedly modern, 
 and men have little time for the tales of the tireside on a winter's night. 
 
 Modern Monterey is a city of 5,000 inhabitants, and within walking 
 distance of its legal limits are nearly as many more. The city has a recog- 
 nized commercial importance, and its well paved streets are lined with 
 prosperous stores and roomy office buildings. 
 
 Much of the output of California's oil fields, carried by pipe line, is 
 shipped from Monterey. 
 
 The Presidio is one of the most important military posts in the country. 
 It was a Spanish garrison before the Mexicans took over the territory and 
 government. Prior to the Spanish-American war there was little activity at 
 ]\Ionterey Presidio, but since then it has been kept on a ten-company basis, 
 and not infrequently army transports have docked at Monterey to discharge 
 or take on troops destined for duty either there or at the Philippine posts. 
 Tlie total population of the Presidio, military and civilian, approximates 1,500. 
 
 Besides the trolley system, gas and electric service and other similar assets, 
 the city has expended recently $50,000 in street improvements. 
 
 PACIFIC GROVE 
 
 A more ideal location for public schools than Pacific Grove does not exist. 
 Here on the Monterey peninsula forest and water meet and the fragrance of 
 the pine combines with the cool salt breeze from off the Pacific to energize 
 mind and body to do their best. In addition to all this and a most equable 
 climate, are offered superior moral and intellectual advantage?:. 
 
 No saloons, gambling or other disreputable houses are allowed, being not 
 only prohibited by ordinance, but such prohibition being enforced by a 
 forfeiture clause in every deed to real property. 
 
 Pacific Grove is a church-going community. The Methodists, Congre- 
 gationalists. Episcopalians, Disciples, Baptists and United Presbyterians have 
 organizations with church buildings at once handsome and commodious as 
 well as up-to-date in the matter of Sunday school equipment. 
 
 The flora and fauna of the Monterey peninsula and bay in their natural 
 condition and also as exhibited in the Pacific Grove museum, are very 
 extensive, present an ever increasing attraction to scientists, and are favor- 
 ably known to those of Europe as well as those of North America. 
 
 Founded as a camp meeting resort, the Methodist Episcopal churches in 
 northern and central California still hold at Pacific Grove their annual 
 conference ; the Chautauqua Assembly offers for two weeks during each July 
 a most interesting and attractive program. Other conventions are here held 
 annually; while the close proximity of the Hotel Del Monte makes it possible 
 to frequently secure speakers of national and often of world-wide reputation. 
 
 With such natural and acquired advantages there have grown up public 
 schools of which its citizens feel justly proud. Recently a parent inquiring 
 at the office of the State Superintendent of Education as to the most desirable 
 place at which to educate his son was advised to go to Pacific Grove, which 
 he promptly did. 
 
 In 1911 the High School was provided with a separate building at a cost 
 of $40,000, exclusive of equipment and some four acres of grounds. That 
 
 t\T\t /,l>» 5 1 
 
 SOUVENIR ?{|9l'5)i EDITION 
 
PA( iFK c;ki>\'[; bi 
 
 52 
 
 JI'.VF.S IN ('.(HID SCHOOLS AND IN CHURCHES. THE SPLENDID HICH SCHOOL 
 SHOWN ABOVE IS A MODEL MUCH COPIED. 
 
 
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PACIFIC GROVE HAS A CARNEGIE LIBRARY WHICH IS FOUND AS USEFUL AS ORNAMENTAL BY THE PEOPLE 
 
 FOR WHOM IT WAS BUILT AND EQUIPPED. 
 
 this building is a success from an architectural as well as educational point 
 of view is evidenced by the fact that it has already served as a model for 
 seveial similar buildings elsewhere. 
 
 Among the eleven members composing the 1913 faculty of the High School 
 may be found graduates from Bryn ]\Iawr, the universities of California, 
 Colorado, Stanford, the State Normal, and other favorably known institutions. 
 The science department is equipped with some of the latest apparatus avail- 
 able for such purpose; in fact no reasonable expense has been spared in 
 supplying the needs of each class room. A commercial department has 
 recently been added under the supervision of an experienced specialist in this 
 line, giving all his time to such work, and a two-year course laid out, making 
 it far superior to the courses advertised by any of the business colleges. 
 Another instructor gives all his time to manual training and still another to 
 domestic science and household arts, it being the intention that the boys shall 
 receive attention in the former equal in all respects to that given the girls in 
 the latter courses. Modern languages, German, French and Spanish are taught. 
 The enrollment at present is considerably in excess of one hundred pupils. 
 
 In the Grammar School there are nine regular and five special teachers, 
 several of whom are university graduates. Here the enrollment is about three 
 hundred and fifty. Not only is the work made extremely interesting, but in 
 both schools there are well qualified instructors in athletics and physical 
 culture, and a commodious gymnasium available for use through the gener- 
 osity of the Pacific Improvement Company, so that after school hours there 
 is plenty of wholesome recreation to keep the boys and girls busy. 
 
 Under these circumstances it is not surprising that more and more, and 
 the present season in much larger numbers than ever before, parents are 
 moving to Pacific Grove not only from adjacent towns in Monterey County, 
 but from all over the State, that their children may enjoy the superior 
 educational advantages here afforded. 
 
 SOUVENIR |{l91'5)| EDITION 
 
, / / / .////< 
 
 V ■///'■ 
 
 < < 
 
 
 
 
 PACIFIC GROVE IS A REAL FESTIVE CITY. MANY CONVENTIONS MEET HERE AND THE CIVIC CELEBRA- 
 TIONS ATTRACT NUMEROUS PERSONS FROM FAR AND NEAR. 
 
 Pacific Grove lias a periuancnt population of 3,500, and some of the most 
 beautiful and artistic homes on the peninsula are located here. It is set on 
 the rocky clififs of the outer peninsula but is well sheltered by the wo.ods that 
 gave it its name. 
 
 This is one of the two places on the Pacific Coast where glass-bottom boats 
 are used to give a glimpse of the wonderful life beneath the surface. These 
 marine gardens are noted for their beauty, the clear waters along the coast 
 giving a perfect view of the greatest of all acpiariums. 
 
 One of the hotels, the Pacific Grove Hotel, is run in conjunction with Del 
 Monte, under the same management. Besides there are scores of cottages 
 to be had for the season, and the Del Mar Hotel. 
 
 One of the notable features is the Lantern Festival in July of each year, 
 when land and water are lighted. 
 
 On Lovers' Point there is a large bath-house, besides a beach. This is not 
 the only attraction. 
 
 CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA 
 
 Carmel-1)y-the-Sea is in the angle formed by two ranges of hills, one 
 running in a g(^nerally easterly and westerly direction, forming the backbone 
 
 BEAUTUUL HOMES (»\ Ek LOOKING OCEAN AND GROVEAT PACIFIC GROVE. IT HAS BEEN TRULY SATO TH VT 
 THIS IS ESSENTIALLY A HOME CITY. 
 
 54 
 
 SOUVENIR ^(I^I'^JS EDITION 
 
iiii MA \\iii:r1', ci'Airs ikilh^ im>ki'ii. iiii> i-ii \i iiii i. ^i.ciihn, wiiicii fikst at'I'km 
 
 JUXIPERO SEREA, NOW LURES THOSE WHO LOVE NATURE AND HER WORKS OF ART. 
 
 of the IMonterey peninsula, and the other at right angles to it, forming the 
 natural barrier between the Carmel Bay and the Carmel River territories. In 
 this angle has grown a forest of pines, not insignificant striplings, but sub- 
 stantial forest trees. Immediately back of the town, along Carmel River, is a 
 valley thirty miles long of rich alluvial soil. The width varies from one-half 
 mile to two miles. 
 
 To the west is the ocean, the water of which is never colder than 
 fifty-five degrees nor hotter than sixty-five degrees. The long strip of thirty 
 miles of alluvial soil in the valley acts as an equalizing factor by furnishing 
 currents of warmer or cooler air whenever the land and ocean temperatures 
 differ. For that reason Carmel 's temperature is never twenty degrees lower 
 nor higher than the ocean's temperature, varying between forty degrees and 
 eighty-five degrees as extremes. 
 
 Over sixty per cent of the residents of the town are devoting their lives 
 to work connected with the aesthetic arts, as broadly defined. College pro- 
 fessors, artists, writers, poets, and professional men find the surroundings 
 conducive to their best work. The Arts and Crafts Club, the Free Library, 
 the Town Hall, the Gentlemen's Social Club, the Ceramic Club all show an 
 unusual public interest in worthy purposes. 
 
 ,1(11 \ hi i-M.nii nv ri \' II \ I I \i-:\iM i;\ i iii -,i \ ! i\ ^i \ni i i: i i i ^ i;i \i i mi i i \ ( \i \i wn i\ 
 
 WJNTER THE POUNDING OF THE CEASELESS SL RE IS ilLSlC TO THE EAR. 
 
 SOUVENIR fflQl'^jS EDITION 
 
PINi. ]i\N, A iNUTKUOKTllY KKSOKT AT CAiiMEL-BY-THE-SEA AND (liELUWj A GLIMPSE OF THE BAY FROM. 
 
 THE CITY ITSELF. 
 
 56 
 
Facilities for enjoyment are numerous, including a bath-house, public 
 tennis courts, bowling alleys, a golf course, a magnificent library of two 
 thousand volumes, and miles of excellent walks through scenic wonders. 
 
 The Forest theatre has won a notable place in a few years since its 
 foundation. The theatre is in the open, on a wooded hillside, the slope of 
 which forms the auditorium and the trees — the distinctive trees of the 
 peninsula — are the scenery. 
 
 The IMission of Carmelo is at the foot of the town. One of the best pre- 
 served of old California missions, it holds the richly embroidered robes of 
 Juuipero Serra, founder of the missions of this State, and here marks the 
 final resting place of that noted man. 
 
 Near Carmel is the Carnegie Botanical Institute, one of the foremost insti- 
 tutions of its kind in America. 
 
 Carmel Valley is growing some of the finest apples ever exhibited, and 
 there are scattered throughout the Carmel foothills cherry and peach orchards 
 and several small vineyards, evidence that all the interior land needs is 
 thrifty culture to make it support many thousand persons. 
 
 No saloons are permitted in Carmel. 
 
 HOTEL DEL MONTE 
 
 Hotel Del Monte is one of California's famous resorts. It lies east of 
 ^lonterey. The building is of Swiss architecture, being shaped like an E. 
 Fire-proof arcades connect the main structure and the annexes. The dining 
 room in the plaza has a capacity of 750, and the hotel has over 500 rooms. 
 
 The 125 acres of lawns and flower-beds are the result of a quarter of a 
 century of landscape-gardening. Examples of all the principal trees of the 
 Pacific Coast are planted here, and a similar feature is the Arizona cactus 
 garden. The greenhouses are extensive. The hotel grounds contain 1,366 
 varieties of plant life, including seventy-eight varieties of coniferous trees, 
 210 of evergreen trees and shrubs, and sixty-three varieties of cacti, 285 of 
 herbaceous plants and ninety kinds of roses. 
 
 The maze at Hampton Court has its replica close by in the big rose garden 
 of the Del Monte grounds. 
 
 Within five minutes' walk from the hotel is a full, professional eighteen- 
 hole golf course, all grass greens. The distance around is over 6,000 yards, 
 over rolling ground beneath live-oaks. There are several bitumen tennis 
 courts, on which the championship games of the Pacific Coast are played, 
 and there are polo grounds, and fields for croquet, archery and quoits, as well 
 as a bowling green and a clock golf course. The many miles of roads in the 
 vicinity are noted among motorists and horsemen. At the Del IMonte bath- 
 house the tiled tank is filled with warm salt water, and here are a long 
 sandy beach and a pleasure pier. 
 
 Back of the hotel is a forest reserve embracing 10,000 acres. 
 
 EAST MONTEREY, THE NEW DISTRICT 
 
 East Monterey comprises all that beautiful residential section of the 
 ]\Ionterey Peninsula lying east of ]\Ionterey City and embraces the many 
 subdivisions designated as follows : Del Monte Hotel, with its world-famous 
 gardens, bathing pavilion and golf links ; Villa Del Monte ; Del Monte Grove ; 
 Seaside ; Vista Del Rey ; Vista Del Mar ; the Hot Springs ; Del Monte 
 Heights ; Del Rey Colony tract. 
 
 This section has several miles of water frontage on the Bay of Monterey 
 and embraces many thousands of acres of rich black sandy loam in which 
 fruits, flowers, vegetables and tobacco grow luxuriantly. Rolling hills, 
 covered with acre upon acre of pine and live-oak trees, afi^ord the most 
 beautiful residential sites to be found on the shores of Monterey Bay. 
 
 57 
 
 SOUVENIR jdQn)? EDITION 
 
58 
 
EAST MO-\ I I I-.' I \ 
 
 - I \l 111 i I ( M\ii \ M I ION or ATTRACTIVE HOMES. II I •- Mil \ I I H 
 
 )hl. it) iUh MtlKUPUl.lh AisD YEt IN THE SOLITUDES OF TUk CULMK\. 
 
 Throughout this section there is an abundance of pure soft water to be 
 obtained by pumping from an inexhaustible subterranean supply. 
 
 Land may be obtained in tracts from the size of a town lot to any 
 number of acres desired, at very moderate prices. 
 
 A modern electric street-car system connects this entire section with 
 Monterey and Pacific Grove. The Southern Pacific railway traverses the 
 district and at Seaside maintains a station where all trains stop. Here there 
 is also a postoffice, with several daily mails, stores, schools, churches, social 
 and civic clubs. 
 
 In this vicinity may be seen the largest live-oak tree in the world. 
 
 A large lake — Laguna Granda — affords bathing and boating pleasures. 
 
 This is a matchless section for the pleasure-seeker or for the business 
 man in search of ideal situation. 
 
 PEBBLE BEACH 
 
 Pebble Beach, facing Carmel Bay, is on Seventeen-mile Drive, five miles 
 from Monterey and Pacific Grove. Pebble Beach Lodge, built by the Pacific 
 Improvement Company for assembly purposes, is operated as an adjunct of 
 Del Monte. A park along the edge of the beach gives all residents free access 
 to tlie shore. Pebble Beach has been divided inlo home sites. 
 
 V ^ N . 
 
 / / 
 
 :'v;^S'':d22L2^ 
 
 GREY EAGLE TERRACE IN I.AM \1m\ ii I i , WHIM | \ (in i m | \i \ ^ i |\|) \ \ M l< I IN ALL HER 
 
 BEAUTY AND Wlllkl, llil M'\i ^uMlll mw i'l\(| \l\\ 1,1 l(il\l) 
 
 59 
 

 TASSAJARA HOT SPRINGS IS ONE OF MONTEREY'S ATTRACTIVE SUMMER RESORTS, IDEALLY SITUATED AND 
 EASILY REACHED BY MODERN CONVEYANCES. 
 
 OTHER RESORTS 
 
 Away from IMonterey peninsula there are other resorts of note, on tlie 
 coast and in the hills. 
 
 Tassajara Hot Springs. 
 
 The Tassajara Hot Springs are situated at the headwaters of the Carmel 
 River. There are more than twenty springs, some in rocky hillsides and 
 others bubbling up with a temperature of 160 degrees in the Arroyo Seco. 
 The great heat indicates that the source is far underground, and it is said 
 that the springs contain radium in solution. 
 
 Containing sulphur, sodium, magnesia, iron, phosphates and other minerals, 
 these springs have been declared by a government expert the equal of those 
 of Arkansas and of some European springs. 
 
 Their medicinal value was discovered by the Indians ; there is still to be 
 seen a rude tub carved out of rock by the Indians. 
 
 Tassajara, famous among California resorts, is splendidly situated in wild 
 coast hills. 
 
 ESl'ECIAL CARE HAS BEEN TAKEN WITH THE WATER SUi'l'LY OF HIE ENTIRE PENINSULA, AS 
 SEEN BY THE PHOTOGRAPH OF THE GREAT RESERVOIR. 
 
 SOUVENIR 7(1913)? EDITION 
 
AX i;\ci:i.i,i:\ r ik 
 
 7/ ;^ j/.J. 
 1 1)1 N I A. THE LITTLE VALLEY OF JOLON HAS 
 ri;Lkv. 
 
 The climate is mild, equable, and without fog. There are four large trout 
 streams nearby, deer are found in the hills, and the mountains have been 
 stocked with wild turkeys. 
 
 This resort is connected by stage with Salinas and IMonterey City, 
 
 Par also Hot Springs. 
 
 Near the ruins of Soledad Mission is Paraiso Hot Springs, a resort tucked 
 away in a canyon well up on the side of the hills flanking the Salinas Valley 
 on the west. It is five miles from Soledad, with which connections are made 
 by auto stage. The history of the resort dates back to 1791, when twenty 
 acres embracing the springs were granted to the Mission fathers. The padres 
 gave the spot the name of Eternal Paradise. The soda, sulphur and iron 
 springs, lying at an elevation of 1,400 feet, were used by the fathers. 
 
 Slate's Hot Springs. 
 
 Slate's Hot Si)rings are on the ocean, about twenty-five miles south of 
 Monterey. Here twenty-five mineral springs rise so near the Pacific that 
 guests need no cold shower, but step from the sulphur steam room to the 
 ocean. The springs, sulphur, salt and iron, have temperatures from 110 to 160 
 degrees. This resort is surrounded by a game preserve of 4,500 acres. 
 
 U^4^,^l!3^^ 
 
 
 I'OIN'l LOBOb. IS IT AXY W UNUERTHAT THE ARTIST JOURNEYS FAR TO PAINT SUCH I'lCTURES AS 
 OR THE POET TO SIT AND DREAM AND SING OF LOVE? 
 
 61 
 
 SOUVENIR 7(l9l'7)f EDITION 
 
A National Monument. 
 
 Vancouver's Pinnacles, on the eastern line of the county, a few miles from 
 Soledad, form one of the noted sights of the State. In this region the volcanic 
 mountains have been cleft into domes and turrets, many of Avhose walls are 
 500 feet high. The region embraces ten square miles. 
 
 Here 2,080 acres have been set aside by the President as one of the four- 
 national monuments of California. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION 
 
 The Southern Pacific Coast Line, from San Francisco to Los Angeles, is 
 the principal means of transportation in the Salinas Valley. This road whicli 
 gives the shippers of IMonterey County direct connection with allied railways 
 throughout the nation also serves the Monterey peninsula, a branch, running 
 from Del IMonte Junction, having its terminal at Pacific Grove. 
 
 The Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad Company operates a fifty-four- 
 mile system, running from AVatsonville to Spreckels. Roughly forming a 
 semicircle, the line touches Moss Landing. Branches connect Spreckels with 
 Buena Vista, Salinas and Alisal. This railroad transports a large portion of 
 the sugar-beets from the fields to the sugar mill, and besides a regular 
 passenger train service, it operates a motor car service. 
 
 The Stone Canyon Railroad, twenty-six miles long, has for its western 
 terminal ]\IcKay, which is just below the county line, but most of the line is 
 operated in Monterey County. The line taps the Stone Canyon coal fields. 
 
 The projected railroad from Fresi^o and Coalinga to Monterey has long 
 been desirable, and must prove beneficial to all San Joaquin Valley points as 
 well as to Monterey County. The line from Fresno to Pacific Grove has been 
 surveyed, and it is the earnest hope of citizens of Monterey County that 
 construction may be begun before the opening of the Panama Canal to traf^c. 
 
 Monterey is the only port of call on the Pacific Coast for ships of the 
 British Navy. 
 
 In addition to its excellent rail service, the boast of IMonterey County is 
 excellent public highways. There are more than 1,550 miles of fine roads. 
 The Board of Supervisors of Monterey County has adopted the policy of 
 building permanent highways, and each member takes especial pride in the 
 district under his supervision, making the very most of every dollar appro- 
 priated for such purpose. Monterey County is popular with motorists. 
 
 EXCELLENT SCHOOLS 
 
 Monterey County justly is proud of its schools, which are maintained in 
 the very highest efficiency. 
 
 The Monterey County High School at Monterey is accredited to both the 
 University of California and Leland Stanford Jr. University. It makes the 
 academic course the main feature, and as special features it offers a strong 
 commercial course, two years of domestic science and two years of manual 
 training. The domestic science department occupies the right wing and the 
 manual training department the extreme left, while the commercial course is 
 given in the main building at the left of the entrance. The assembly hall 
 and library occupy the central portion at the rear of the court. The labora- 
 tories and lecture room adjoin the assembly hall. The building is of re- 
 inforced concrete. 
 
 The County High School at King City serves all of southern IMonterey 
 County. The grounds of the magnificent school, completed in 1911, comprise 
 eight acres. The school is strongly vocational in character, with the agricul- 
 ture feature predominating. The courses given lead to commercial branches, 
 agriculture, mechanics and architecture, domestic science, the normal school 
 and the various university courses. A circular concerning the courses given 
 will be sent upon application to the principal of the school. 
 
 62 
 
RICH IN MINERALS 
 
 Monterey County is rich in minerals, thci-e being produced asphalt, brick, 
 coal, glass sand, gold, gypsum, infusorial earth, lime, limestone, macadam, 
 mineral water, quicksilver, rubble, silver and gold. 
 
 The Los Burros district, twenty miles south of Jolon, in the southwest 
 part of the county and on the coast, was one of the earliest producers of 
 precious metals in California, being worked before the coming of the white 
 man, and the Mission fathers also took out much wealth with the aid of the 
 crude methods then in vogue. Considerable good ore is still taken out. 
 
 One of the largest coal deposits in the West is that owned by the Stone 
 Canyon Coal Company, and connected with the main line of the Southern 
 Pacific by the Stone Canyon Railroad. Situated twenty-five miles from King 
 City, the mine embraces 2,500 acres, containing a sub-bituminous seam twelve 
 to sixteen feet wide. Much coal has been developed in this mine. 
 
 One of the most important pipe lines operated in California is that of the 
 Associated Transportation Company, which runs from Coalinga, in the San 
 Joaquin Valley, to Monterey, following one of the shortest possible routes 
 from the interior of the State to the sea. The line is 110 miles long and has 
 a capacity of 12,000 barrels a day, and the oil it carries adds 500,000 tons 
 annually to the freight shipments of Monterey. 
 
 An average of fifty tons of gypsum are shipped daily from King City, the 
 supply coming from a large mine twelve miles northeast. 
 
 Sand is shipped in large quantities from the shores of Monterey Bay, one 
 plant handling more than 100,000 tons annually. 
 
 A salt works near Moss Landing turns out 2,000 tons a year. 
 
 POWER AND MANUFACTURING 
 
 There is ample power for the farmer and the manufacturer. Every 
 section of the county is supplied, the principal company being the Coast 
 Valleys Gas & Electric Company, generating its power at Monterey, and 
 transmitting it over miles of lines to various sections in the county. 
 
 This, coupled with the fact that oil is to be had for fuel, makes ideal con- 
 ditions for the manufacturer. While there are about thirty-six plants now in 
 operation there is a fine field for fruit and vegetable canneries and packing- 
 houses, a starch factory and other plants. 
 
 IN CONCLUSION 
 
 In this booklet it has been the aim to direct attention to the advantages 
 and opportunities in Monterey County for homeseekers. The picture has not 
 been overdrawn. It is all true. The hope is that this publication may induce 
 further settlement, for there is a vast amount of territory awaiting develop- 
 ment. Here one may retire in peace and contentment to a home shaded by 
 the pines of a forest, protected by majestic hills, and warmed by the summer 
 sun. Or, seeking to build a home on a farm, the problem is here solved 
 readily, for Monterey possesses the growing climate, the growing soil, and her 
 communities are possessed with the growing spirit. 
 
 There are numerous organizations in Monterey County that will gladly 
 furnish you with additional information. A card to the Chamber of Com- 
 merce at Salinas, the Monterey Chamber of Commerce at Monterey, the 
 Pacific Grove Board of Trade at Pacific Grove, the King City Chamber of 
 Commerce at King City, the Greenfield Grange at Greenfield, and the Pajaro 
 Board of Trade at Pajaro will bring you a prompt reply. 
 
 This booklet is issued by the Monterey County Board of Supervisors. 
 
 SUPERVISORS DISTRICT POSTOFFICE 
 
 J. L. MANN No. 1 . . . VVatsonville 
 
 H. E. ABBOTT No. 2 . . . Salinas 
 
 PAUL TALBOTT No. 3 . . . King City 
 
 VVILLI.XM P. C.\SEV (Chairman) . No. 4 . . . San Lucas 
 
 JOHN L. D. ROBERTS . . . . No. 5 . . . Seaside (Monterey) 
 T. P. JOY, Clerk, Salinas 
 
 ^^VUtaK 63 
 
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 FURTHER INFORMATION IN 
 REGARD TO RAILROAD 
 RATES, SERVICE, ETC., MAY 
 BE OBTAINED FROM ANY 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY 
 REPRESENTATIVE 
 
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