.v<^- ¥W^^ .^" - - %. .^^#:*^ J"' .^' V A... V^ ^^^ A o^ - <^ ,'° ^*^ ■",W rr^.-' .0- XJ? ■' . . s ' /V '• «s;"~^^ < ,'^ '" ' * ° '.^ •^ 't-o^ ^•%^ •'^^^- o V i": ■ %.^^ ' ■*;#i# %^^' J s^^-: .^ ^-V, ■^ ^, • Jo » ' ■• A V''\ ,',■,'7 o '-y W^ % J^ '^^. ..v^ • l „ •/• .<^ V / '^^0^'^ -^V -o ..,,•' ■o'' % ..., / -o^ . / -^ V^' ^vPS" =. ■^^ o o o ■^o >^ , /% *° •'-^^ V WW'i ' ■''.,!' t^^ ''if'- m USTRIES \-^: / THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES A COMFBEIIZS8IVE AND COSUENSED EXHIBIT OF THEIR TRADE, COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES WITH AN IMPARTIAL PRESENTMENT OF THEIU REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS HOUSES BRIEF GLANCE AT THE OPPORTUNITIES AFFORDED FOR THE INVESTMENT OF CAPl FAL ^/l.ih-^/l^-J^^^^^'- ,^^ A. N. MAPQLIS & COMPANY I'LBLISHERS -:i ,^^M^ TABLE OF eeRTGRTS. Michigan— page Its History, Development, Kesources and Prospects 7 The Educational System 8 Religious Interests 8 The Farming Interests .. . __ _ 8 TheLuiiiher Inchistries . _. S The Salt Indnstrii-s 9 Manufacturing; Industries __ __ _. 9 Copper and Irnn Mines 9 Railway Facilities .„ 9 Bay City— Its Location, History, Attractions and Enterprises 11 The City proper 12 West Bay City 14 Signal Service 15 Manufactdres— Their Variety, Character, Volume and Im- portance 17 Lumber and Lumber Manufacture 17 The Salt Industries __. 18 Miscellaneous Industries __. 18 Openings for Enterprise _._ 18 The Courts— United States Court 20 Circuit Court of Bay County 20 Probale Court 20 Police Court 20 Transportation Facilities— The First Railroad 21 Flint & Pere Maniuette Railroad 22 Michigan Central Railroad 22 Battle Creek & Bay City Road 23 The Belt Line Road _ 23 Lake and River Navigation. _ __ .. 23 Bav City Street Railway 21 The Schools 24 Telegraph and Telephone Service 25 The Libraries— Bay t'ity Public Library _ __. _ 26 Sage Public Library (West Bay City) 27 Social Attractions 27 Public Buildings— page (V)untv Court House 29 Til.. County .lail 29 The City Hall 29 Government Building __ 29 Bay City Government— The tity Water System 31 Police Department 31 The Fire Department. ... 31 Electric I -ight Plant 32 Sewerage System 33 Municipal Assets and Liabilities 33 Banks and Banking — The Fiscal Agencies, their Resources and Condition 33 West Bay City Government— The Police Dnpartment _ 35 The Fire Department 35 West Bav City Water System 35 Tlie Electric Light 35 Sewerage System 35 Proposed Consolidation of the Bay Cities .. 35 Charitable Institutions— The Northwestern Hospital. 36 Home for Aged Women ... 36 Women's Charitable Union 36 The Churches 37 Vital Statistics 38 Postal Statistics 38 Real Estate Residence Property 39 Business Property 39 Store and Oifice Rentals _ 40 Cost of Labor 40 Bay City Gas Company .-. 40 The Press 41 Hotel Faciiities 41 Representative Houses 43 Index to Representative Houses 150 PROMINENT ILLUSTRATIONS. page Arlington House 149 Bay City Bank 76 Bay County (V)urt House 2 Bay National Bank 105 Bissell & Mather HX Braddock, Bateman & Co 122 Briscoe, B. H. & Co 89 Center Avenue 16 Dolsen, Cliapin & Co 104 Emerv & McLaughlin 85 Fifth Ward School 32 Fraser House 41 Garland, M 68 Griswold. Albert B 114 Hawley & Fitzgerald 70 High School Building .: 24 Interior New Opera House 28 Logging Scene in the Pine Woods of Michigan 6 Lumbermen's State Bank 91 page Madison Avenue M. E. Church 14 McDonald, J. N. &Son._ 95 Merrill. Fiticld & Co.. 5 Midland Street 34 New C)pf-ra House 30 Palace Livery Stable 130 Perry, D. B 54 Perry & Swaby 55 Phcenix Block 19 Rouecli House ._ 126 Sage Public Library 26 Second Niftional Bank... 45 See Brothers _ 65 Sherman, W. D 93 Smalley Bros. & Co. (Valley Iron Works) 52 Smith's Tug Line 146 Thompson, Jay & Co 118 Trinity Episcopal Church 37 Washington Avenue 10 PORTRAITS. page Bertch, Louis (deceased) 99 Boutel, B . 147 Davidson, Capt. James 42 Fisher, Hon. S. O 56 Emerson, C. M. page Odell, O. W __ 82 Mansfield, Geo. W ._ 87 Toohey. Thomas 148 Smith, P. C 146 Van Liew. E. S 108 Hall, J. R 50 1 Van Walthausen. G. L. Frederick 116 Copyrighted 1888 by A. N. Marquis & Company. INTRODUCTION. THE ol)jcH't of this book is to furnish an intelligent, and, as far as possible, an accurate account of tlie industries of the Bay Cities. Their commerce, manufacturing and trade resources are briefly detailed, and a list of representative houses given. The facts liave been in the main derived througli individual efforts and from citizens, merchants and public men residing here. The publishers have also availed them- selves of data contained in all books upon the subjects treated, in addition to that found in the daily press. Suggestions made by those interested in the growth, development and prosperity of the Cities, and the opportuni- ties for the investment of capital, have likewise been adopted and incor- porated as far as it was thought practicable. Of the obstacles in the way of a faithful and an acceptable perform- ance of their duty in the premises, the publishers have been from the outset thoroughly sensible. To say that they have discharged such duty to their entire satisfaction is more than they can pretend. All that is claimed is an earnest desire to be correct. To be infallible in that behalf is impossible. Some errors may have occurred by trusting to what appeared, upon reasonable evidence, to be facts. Others, through the difficulties experienced in the collation of such facts. Their presence, however, is due to no lack of effort or diligence. The publishers tender their acknowledgments for the encouragement and information received by them, as also for a liberal pafonage — and for much else that may contribute to whatever of success that shall greet the succeeding pages. MICHIGAN. ITS HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, RESOURCES AND PROSPECTS. THE history of Michigan, briefly told, is as follows: The present State was originally one of the French dependencies in North America. In 1763, that government deeded its right, title and interest in the premises to Great Britain, and in 1783, it was transferred to the United States. The State is bounded, on the north by Lake Superior and St. Mary's River; east by Lakes Huron, St. Clair and Erie; south by Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and west by Lake Michigan and the State of Wisconsin. The first settlement made here was by the French, during 1610, a colony locating about that time on the present site of Detroit, also establishing a trading post at Mackinaw. In 1800, the population had visibly increased, and in 1805, Gen. William Hull became governor. He was succeeded in 1812 by Lewis Cass, and in 181 8 the public lands were opened to sale. The following year, the territory was represented in Congress for the first time, and from that period the growth and development of Michigan dates. A State Constitution was framed in the Spring of 1835, ratified by the people in October of the same year, and in January, 1837, Michigan was admitted into the Union as the twenty-sixth State. The State is divided into two peninsulas. The Upper Peninsula contains about one-third of the area of territory included in the limits of the State, and immense deposits of iron and copper formations which have been prosperously developed, almost from the date of the State's admission, and, notwithstanding the steady requisitions which have been made upon their resources, the mines are appar- ently inexhaustible. This section of the State is also covered with large forests of growing timber, that furnish material to supply the lumber industries in operation in the Southern Peninsula, and elsewhere. The surface of the country is rolling, in some portions mountainous — the Porcupine Range at intervals rising to a heighth of 2,000 feet, below which are sandy plains and forests. The climate, except in the northwest Grand Traverse region near Lake Michigan, is cold; the geological formation is azoic, with mctamorphic slates, gneiss rocks, trap, etc.; the productions are timber and mineral ores. The .Southern Peninsula is a level, rich, fertile country of prairie and forests, watered by numerous streams and rivers, many of which are navigable, and afford the means of communication with distant points by steamers and vessels. Geologically, the Lower Peninsula is of limestone and sandstone, with well developed stratas of coal, salt and gypsum. The climate is mild, salubrious and healthful, greatly tempered by the lakes, and adapted to fruit growing. The principal products are wheat, corn, butter, cheese and wool; the ])rincipal manufactures, flour, woolens, lumber and salt. The State takes a high rank among those which compose the Federal Union, and in its leading advantages of soil, resources, timber and mining, as also in many other important particulars, is unsurpassed by any of the sisterhood of States. Since 1800, the population has increased from 551 to 2,000,000. Its svstem of internal improvements, schools, colleges, transportation facilities, manufacturing interests, commercial relations, religious societies, and other developments of a pro- THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. gressive and prosperous period, have been fostered and sustained, and are now in the enjoyment of that steady growth which comes after years of laborious and persistent effort. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. The schools and colleges of the State are peculiarly adapted to the wants of the community, and to the times. They include the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor; the State Agricultural School, at Lansing; State Normal School, with other institutions of less prominence, and the common school system which obtains here, and which, with respect to discipline, moral training and instruction, is without its superior in any portion of the country where the system has been employed. For the past fifty years its growth has been substantial and permanent. At the com- mencement of the school year for 1887, the school population approximated 700,000, and the enrollment, 420,000. There were upward of 6,500 ungraded school districts, 443 graded school districts, 7,209 schoolhouses, and the value of school property was stated at nearly $12,000,000, with a total revenue, from the primary school interest fund, township taxes, district taxes and other sources, amounting to upward of $4,600,000. The amount of trust funds upon which the State paid interest for educational purposes, was slightly over $4,000,000. RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. Since the days when Father Jacques Marquette visited the Northwestern territory, more than two centuries ago, religious interests have been maintained in Michigan, and the building of churches has marched in the van of improvement. There are at present about 3,100 church organizations in the State, and the value of church, property is not far front sixteen millions of dollars. THE FARMING INTERESTS. The agricultural resources of the State, particularly in the juower Peninsula, are rich and reliable, substantial and productive. The farms are highly cultivated, and their crops are annually large, embracing all the cereals, esculents, fruits and vegetables indigenous to the temperate zone, and of the best quality. Adopting the census of 1884 as a basis of calculation, the number of farms in Michigan cannot be far from 160,000, containing a total of 15,500,000 acres, with an average of 97 acres to each farm, representing an aggregate valuation of $573,000,000, or $40 per acre, and enlisting not far from 240,000 persons in their conduct and management. The cultivation of fruits for home consumption and export, is rapidly increasing in value and importance, and a steady demand exists for these productions in all the leading cities of the country. THE LUMBER INDUSTRIES. The lumber industries of the State, in extent and value, take precedence over all others, except agriculture. The timber district begins at the southern line of the counties of Bay, Saginaw, Gratiot, Montcalm, Newago and Muskegon, and extends as far north as Mackinaw. There are also considerable belts of timber in the Upper Peninsula. The lumber industries of Michigan have become prominent within the past quarter of a century, and in magnitude are not equalled by those of any State or country. During 1887, according to statistics on the subject, there were more than 50,000 men employed in the manufacture of lumber, upward of $60,000,000 capital invested, and wages approximating $15,000,000 in amount paid out. The product of the mills in the State during the same year, was 4,162,317,778 feet of lumber and 2,677,855,750 shingles, aggregating in value the sum of $65,043,825.50. THI-: ISDl'STRIKS OF Till: i:.\V CITIES. THE SALT INDUSTRIES. The development oi the salt industries began to take shape early in the Txd's. Prior to that period, the existence of salt layers in certain portions of the State was generally known, but little was done toward rendering them productive. Within the past twenty years, however, they have been made sources of large revenues, and have attained to conspicuous importance. The salt districts of the State are nine in number, including on the list the counties of Bay, Saginaw, Huron, St. Clair, Iosco, Midland, Manistee, Mason and Gratiot. During 1887, there were 132 firms engaged in the manufacture of salt, operating 142 salt blocks, and 4,500 covers, with a total capacity of 5,265,000 barrels of salt. The product for 1887, was 3,914,309 barrels, worth, at the prevailing price of that year, $2,249,734.47- A large force of men was employed and large amounts were paid as wages. There was a falling off in the manufacture for the year 1888, on account of the surplus on hand at the close of the year 1887. MAXUFACTURINCi INDL'.STKIES. Nearly all the leading manufacturing industries are represented in Michigan, and a steadily increasing activity is manifested in that department of usefulness. In many of the establishments thus engaged, the raw material is obtained in the timber districts of the State, and the amount of capital invested in these special establish- ments was upward of «;62,ooo,ooo in 1887, giving employment to a total of nearly 54,000 hands, and, up to June ist of that year, paying in the neighborhood of 517,500,000 as wages. On the ist of June, 1888, there was estimated to be 10,000 manufacturing establishments in the State, representing an investment of $191,376,337. employing 200,000 hands, who were paid wages approximating $65,000,000. COPPER AND IRON MIXES. The copper mines of Michigan, about twenty-seven in number, are located in Keewenaw, Ontonagon, Houghton and Isle Royale Counties, in the extreme north- western portion of the Upper Peninsula. The iron mines are situated in the same section, and are double the number of the copper mines. In 1887, the capital invested in them was nearly $41,000,000 ; there were upward of 30,000 men employed in their development, and $6,000,000, in round numbers, were paid as wages. The output for that year was 40,000 tons of copper, and 4.393'853 1^"^ of iron, valued, the former at $8,800,000. and the latter at $23,000,000. RAILWAY FACILITIES. On the 1st of January, 1888, there were reported to be sixty-seven railway lines in operation in Michigan, with a total mileage estimated at 6,295.38, not including sidings or double tracks, nor upward of 500 miles of tracks used for logging purposes. The total ccst was also estimated at $604,150,375.50; the cost of operating same, at $60,000,000 ; the total revenue, at $89,715,872.95. and their total indebtedness approxi- mated at $350,000,000. The roads are well ijuilt, and their etjuipment and rolling stock are full and complete. f — r^ ^ BAY CITY. ITS LOCATION, HISTORY, ATTRACTIONS AND ENTERPRISES. HALF a century ago, hardly a dozen white men resided within the present cor- porate limits of Bay City. The country was then a wilderness, occupied by the Indians. Up to the treaty of 1819, they remained in sole possession of the Saginaw Valley. This treaty was consummated largely through the influence of Stephen V. R. Riley, an Indian trader, whose power over the aborigines was almost supreme. To reward him for his labors, the government allowed Riley to select a tract of 640 acres for each of his three sons. The land selected for Riley's eldest son is now a portion of Bay City. The first person to locate in the present city was Leon Tromlaley, who came in 1831, followed by his family in the Fall of the same year. During 1834, John B. Trudell located in what now is the Fifth ward. In 1835, Joseph Trombley reached here from Detroit, and settled in what afterward became the village of Portsmouth. Late in the same year, Medor Trombley joined his brother Joseph at Portsmouth, and with him conducted a store the latter, in the meantime, had opened. In July, 1836, Judge Albert Aliller purchased a tract of land of the Trombleys, and laid out the village of Portsmouth, which now forms a part of the Fifth and Sixth wards. The same summer, James Fraser, in conjunc- tion with others, purchased the 640 acres reserved to Riley's eldest son. The pur- chasers organized the Saginaw Bay Company, and appropriated 240 acres of the land thus acquired to the site of a town to l)e known as Lower Saginaw. The company, however, succumbed during the panic of 1837. In the winter of the latter year, Judge Miller, Cromwell Barney and B. K. Hall erected a mill at Portsmouth; a postoffice was also established there, with Judge Miller postmaster. In the Spring of 1838, Sydney S. Campbell, accompanied lay his family, located at Lower Saginaw, — the first permanent settler after the survey of the town, — and opened the Globe Hotel. Other buildings were erected that year, notably the bank building, at the present corner of Water and Fifth streets. From 1838 to 1844, the settlement of Lower Saginaw and Portsmouth was slow and unsatisfactory. During the interval, the scrip of the Saginaw Bay Company was acquired by James Fraser, Dr. D. H. Fitzhugh and others, who secured title to the land where Lower Saginaw had been located. Some few adventurous spirits identified themselves with the place, a store was opened by Frederick Backus, the township of Hampton was organized, religious services were conducted at occasional intervals, and, in 1844, a schoolhouse was built near the present site of the Detroit & Bay City Railroad depot. From this date, the building up of Bay City became an established fact. Settlers began to arrive; improvements were projected and completed; the Hampton postoffice, located here in 1843, ^^'^^ "full of business ;" regard was paid to the enforcement of the laws, and other incidents of progress were of frequent occurrence,— including the building of mills and the promotion of measures inaugu- rated for the development of the lumber industries, which have since grown to almost phenomenal jjroportions. .Among the loading arrivals, between 1844 and 12 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 1850, was J. B. Hart, B. B. Hart, F. J. Perrott, H. W. Sage, Daniel H. Fitzhugh, Jr., Curtis Munger, Edwin Park, Thomas Carney and wife, J. S. Barclay and wife, J. L. Hibbard, Alexander McKay and family, J. W. Putnam, and many others. In the latter year, additional improvements were made, in the way of residences, stores, and a hotel, known as the " Wolverton," was finished. During 1852, the cholera raged here; in 1853, the Methodist church, on Washington avenue, was dedicated; and in 1854, the " Java " — a sailing vessel— was completed and equipped here. There was little of importance occurred until 1858, beyond accessions to the number of inhabitants and an increase in the number of the improvements. In the latter year, the name of Lower Saginaw was changed to Bay City by an act of the legislature, and, in the winter of 1859, ^-^Y C^Y ^'^'^ incorporated as a village, of which Curtis Munger was elected President. The population at that time is said to have been nearly 800. In i860, the village began to thrive under the beneficent influences that were there assembled. The manufacture of salt commenced, saw-mills were added to the number already established, and for the ensuing five years a very considerable degree of prosperity was experienced. By 1865, the population had reached 3,359, and at a session of the legislature, held that year, the village was granted a city charter. The spring following, the city was organized by the election of municipal officers. In 1873, '^he village of Portsmouth became a part of Bay City proper, and for nearly a quarter of a century the history of the municipality has been the history of successful endeavors. THE CITY PROPER. Bay City is delightfully located on the east bank of the Saginaw River, five miles from its mouth. Its early settlement, incorporation as a village, and later as a city, are briefly stated above. It has advanced almost from the day of its birth. Follow- ing 1865, its growth has been steady and rapid. In 1870, the population was 7,064, or more than double that when incorporated as a city. In 1880, the population was 20,693; and in 1888, it was estimated at between 35,000 and 37,000, with an assessed valuation of more than |;io,ooo,ooo. When incorporated, the cleared ground did not equal that which is now built up with houses. The city is situated upon a flat and relatively low tract of country, and, in the earlier days, may have been unpromising in appearance for a city's site. But enterprise, thrift and American " push " have built a city, than which there is none — in the State, at least — the future of which is so filled with brilliant possibilities. The city has a river frontage of about six and one-half miles, with a depth, to Forty-Third street, of two miles and upward. The streets east and west are numbered from one to forty-three; those north and south are named after the Presidents, from W^ashington to Grant. They intersect each other, forming blocks 200x300 feet in dimensions, and the greater proportion of them are paved. The buildings lining these thoroughfares are substantially built of brick or stone, many of them being triumphs of architectural skill. In the residence portion of the city, the structures are among the handsomest in the State, a large number of them occupying commodious and elaborately decorated plats of ground, forming a landscape replete with natural and artistic beauties. The railway facilities are complete and in successful operation. They include the Flint & Pere Marquette system, and the Michigan Central system, by means of which all points of import- ance in the State, as also in the South, East and West, are easy of access. In 1888, the Midland Railroad was completed to West Bay City, and within a year both cities will be in direct communication with St. Louis. The facilities for transportation by lake and river are not less complete. Daily lines of steamers ply between Bay City and the Saginaws; also, between the former and Alpena, where connection is made THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. '3 for the Mackinaws and ports on Lake Michigan. Steamers also depart upon set days during the week, for Buffalo, Chicago and intermediate ports. The accommo- dations, both by rail and water, are fully up with the times, and the passenger and freight rates are not excessive. The Bay City Street Railway operates two lines, affording comfortable and rapid means of communication between the northern and southern portions of the city, also with Essexville. The lines of manufacture are varied, — those of lumber and" salt predominating. The remainder include manufactures of machinery, mill supplies, wagons and carriages, boilers, boxes, brick, brooms, beer, lime and cement, cigars, confections, drain and tile, fire brick and clay, furniture, granite, firearms, picture frames and mould- ings, pumps, rubber stamps, sails, saws, screen doors, soap, stencils, terra cotta, woodenware, etc. All of these are well equipped and do a large business in their respective departments. As stated, however, in another part of this book, there are opportunities for enterprise, in this field, which need only to be investigated; and citizens will cordially welcome, and make it an object for capitalists and others to undertake the establishment of additional facilities. The banking institutions are five in number, and well known for their substantial character. They represent a total capital of $750,000, carry deposits amounting to $1,849,322, and have a surplus of $225,141. The educational system is a striking feature in the multitude of attractions of Bay City. The system was established many years ago, and is under the management of a Board, composed of two members from each ward, one of which is elected annually, in September. The schools furnish unexceptional opportunities for securing a thorough education, practical and useful, for a successful career in life, or admission to collegiate institutions. The schoolhouses are handsome structures, well heated, ventilated and lighted, and furnished with a large corps of teachers. In addition to these, there are seven schools of a religious and miscellaneous character, at which between 1,200 and 1,500 pupils are enrolled, and taught in both elementary and advanced courses of instruction. The public library, under the management of a Board of Trustees, contains nearly 13,000 volumes, including books of history, romance, science, philosophy and art, and is open to all classes of people. The cause of religion is sustained by societies, nearly all of which have houses of worship, well built and elaborately furnished edifices. The Sabbath is made a day of rest, and the large attendance of communicants and others, at the various churches, is conclusive evidence of the moral and intellectual character of the population. By the terms of the new charter, the Mayor is elected biennially. The departments of police, fire, water, health and public works are under the control of Boards, severally assigned to each, and which direct their conduct. All of these depart- ments are managed judiciously and to the best advantage. They are efficient and invaluable auxiliaries to the municipal executive in the prevention of crime, the preservation of property, maintenance of the public health, and the promotion of good government. The courts are always available for the enforcement of rights or the redress of wrongs, and include Federal, State and city tribunals, each having several and independent jurisdiction. The city is lighted by electric lights, being the first city in the State to establish the system, and obtains pure water from Saginaw Bay by the Holly method. The health of the city has always been unsur- passed, and, as will be seen by reference to the city as a place of residence, — for commercial, financial and manufacturing purposes. Bay City has no rival in the State. Property can be purchased and leases obtained at reasonable rates and upon liberal terms. The compensation paid labor is above the general average, and the 14 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. cost of living below that paid in neighboring cities. Every facility that can promote the advantage of the city or its inhabitants, is employed, and all agencies that will contribute to the public welfare are adopted. Situated upon a river navigable for the largest craft, in the center of a highly-cultivated district, inhabited by an industrious, enterprising, law-abiding class of people, and possessing natural advan- tages that need no commendation, Bay City offers the most substantial inducements to the laborer, the manufacturer, the merchant and capitalist. Within another decade she will have forged to the front, second to no leading city in Michigan, in point of enterprise, growth, development and material prosperity. WEST BAY CITY. West Bay City, having a population approximating 15,00(5, includes the towns formerly known as Wenona, Banks and Salzburg. It is located on the west bank of the Saginaw River, directly opposite Bay City. The cities are connected by a railroad bridge and two other bridges, — one at Third street, completed in 1865, and one at Twenty-Third street, opened to the public during 1876. It is likely that a new bridge will be built at Third street in the near future, plans and specifications being in the course of preparation for the structure during October, 1888. NEW MAUISON AVENUE M. E. CHURCH— BAY CITY. The first settlement on the west side of the river was made, on what became the site of Salzburg, by Benjamin Cushway, who arrived in 1834, and acted as govern- ment blacksmith. He was followed by Solomon S. Stone and wife in 1842; in 1844-45, Joseph Trombley, who had previously purchased 2,000 acres of land where the village of Banks was afterward surveyed, took possession of his property and began to permanently reside there. John Hays was among the earliest settlers in Wenona, which was known, up to 1864 or 1865, as Lake City, at which date the name was changed to Wenona, by H. W. Sage. During the decade concluding with the rilR INDUSTRIES OF THE liAV CITIES. 15 year 1870, the influx of settlers, while not rapid, was steady. In 1867. it was incor- porated as a villajj;c, — the incorporation of banks followinjj in April, 1870. and that of Salzburg later still. Improvements were made at intervals in all of these settle- ments, consisting of those usual to growing, progressive villages. Various attempts were made, between 1871 and 1875, to annex Wenona, Banks and Salzburg to Bay City, but failed, as did efforts made in the latter year to consolidate Wenona and Salzburg. In 1877, however, the legislature adopted an act for the consolidation of the three villages into one municipality, under the corporate name of West Bay City. The city was divided into three wards, and an election was held June 1st of the same year, for city officers. In 1883, the charter was amended, increasing the number of wards, and otherwise providing for changes in the city government, which have resulted advantageously. At the time of the consolidation, each village retained its postoffice, a condition of affairs which has since remained unchanged. In December, 1881, a destructive fire visited West Bay City, originating in a tailoring establishment on Midland street, and extending in every direction. Before the flames were extinguished, they had inflicted damages amounting to $100,000, and, for a brief period, the march of improvement was stayed. In the Spring following, however, the burned district was rebuilt with brick structures, which remain monuments to the enterprise of citizens and ornaments to the city's highway of trade. During 1882, additional buildings were erected, both in the business and residence portions, that gave a metropolitan air to the city, both on account of their solidity and attractive styles of architecture, as also by reason of their tinibh and equipment. In a business point of view. West Bay City is admirably located. It has a river frontage of nearly four miles, upon which are located mills, lumber manufactories and the largest ship-yards on the lakes. The site of the city is elevated, the inhabitants energetic, capable, public-spirited citizens. The leading industries are lumber, salt and ship-building. The latter is represented by two yards, from which have floated some of the largest vessels known to marine circles. There are other manufactures, less conspicuous, but not less important, the details of which are given in another part of this volume. The city government is administered by a Mayor and Common Council; and the various departments of police, fire, water, sewage, public health, public works, etc., are conducted the same as in Bay City. The educational and religious systems are mentioned elsewhere; also, the Sage Library, the Lumbermen's State Bank and the press. In all its varied departments of business, culture and the agencies of manu- facture and trade, each year witnesses a steady and permanent growth. The city to-day presents a wonderful development within a brief period, and if its growth and advancement in the future are to be measured by that of the past. West Bay City, ten years hence, will have become a metropolis. An act has been passed by the legislature providing for the consolidation of the Bay Cities in .\pril, 1891. Whether or no this shall be done, the progress of the cities cannot be delayed, and the opportunities presented by their incomparable location, will be rapidly improved by citizens and those attracted hither, to avail themselves in that behalf. SIGNAL SERVICE. Bay City was included in the Signal Service system of the country in 1887. The office is on Water street, opposite the Fraser House. Daily observations are taken of the weather, and flags indicating the probable condition of that element of uncertainty, are displayed from an elevated site, for the benefit of mariners and the public. MANUFACTURES. THEIR VARIETY, CHARACTER, VOLUME AND IMPORTANCE. 0X1-: important, if not the most important instrumentality tliat has directed the IJay Cities along the highway of a prosperous career, are the manufacturing facilities available to enterprise and industry. They have been the means of attracting hither the class of inhabitants to whose efforts countries are indebted for their development, and communities for their prosperity and advancement. The growth of the cities dates from the inception of manufacturing industries here. It has been permanent and substantial, progressive and prosperous. The population to-day, closely approximating fifty-five thousand souls, is largely engaged in occupa- tions connected with productive resources, bringing to their aid, in their varied lines of duty, an invaluable fund of enterprise, energy and industry, and impressing their individuality upon all the departments of commercial and financial endeavor. LUMBER AND LUMBER MANUFACTURE. The lumber industries have contributed more effectively to the pre-eminence of the Bay Cities as manufacturing centers, than any other single agency. They are of the first importance, have attained to proportions little less than phenomenal and exert a wide-spread and beneficial influence. The first mill erected here was begun in October, 1836, and completed during the following April. The field thus opened has since been largely occupied and developed, and the immediate sources of supply then relied upon, become exhausted, or of limited dimensions. Within the past few years the manufacturers have been obliged to seek more distant territory for the raw material, in which they have been aided by the extension of railroad facilities into timber districts, as far north as the Straits of Mackinaw. Heretofore, the main supply has come from the counties included in the Saginaw River District, by the Tittabawassee, Chippewa, Flint, Cass, Pine and other rivers tributary to the Saginaw; also from points on the Flint and Pere Marquette, and the Saginaw Division of the Michigan Central roads, in addition to supplies from the Saginaw Bay District, drained by the Pine, Rifle, Au Gres and other streams contiguous to the Saginaw Bay. At present, very many thousand feet of logs are railed and rafted from the lumber camps of the Northern Peninsula, hundreds of miles to Bay City, and that portion of the State is coming to be depended upon as the base of supply, though the country tributary to shipping points along the north shore, between the Bay Cities and Alpena, furnishes large consignments to the mills here. The manufacture in the Bay Cities during 1887 will give a fair estimate of the volume of business done here, though it has been stated that it is only "a fairly creditable showing." In that year, there were 32 mills in operation in the Bay Cities, from about May ist until the early part of November. Their total cut was 399.457,458 feet of pine, and 3,953,000 feet of hardwood lumber, making an aggregate of 403,410,458 feet. Little attention has been paid to the manufacture of hardwood lumber, as will be seen from the above statement ; but the vast quantity of hardwood awaiting the harvest, will, in the near future, bring this article of consumption into prominence for manufacturing purposes, and its products into importance as factors of supply and demand. The other manu- factures in this line for 1887 embrace 71,800,000 shingles, 53,656,550 laths, 16,237,950 staves, and 638,000 sets of heading. The total shipments foot up 347,741,000 feet of lumber, and 59,585,000 shingles. The future holds out bright prospects for this industry. 18 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. THE SALT INDUSTRIES. The manufacture of salt, scarcely less important than that of lumber in its rela- tion to the prosperity of the Bay Cities, is of comparatively recent origin. The existence of salt deposits in the Saginaw Valley was established during the thirties. In 1838 their development was attempted, but abandoned, owing to lack of funds. In February, 1859, the legislature made an appropriation to aid in that object, and in March, i860, companies were organized here for the manufacture of this commodity. Operations in the way of boring for salt were at once inaugurated, and have since been prosecuted with steadily increasing results. Within the quarter of a century that has since elapsed, this industry has become permanent. A very large capital has been invested, employment given to a correspondingly large force of operatives, and the annual product during the years from 1869 to 1888 has materially increased, though there was a decrease in the amount of salt inspected in 1887, from that of 1886, in the Bay Cities. During that year there were 32 salt companies in operation here, with 34 steam salt blocks, and 500 solar salt covers, having a total manufactur- ing capacity of 1,300,000 barrels of salt. Their entire output amounted to 891,462 barrels; the total product of the State for eleven months of the sam.e year, to 3,914,309 barrels. The products of this line of manufacture are unsurpassed by those of any undertaking, similarly engaged, in the world. They are rigidly inspected under the State law, and a greater part of the same is handled by the Michigan Salt Association, for account of the manufacturers, being shipped principally to the West and Northwest. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. The range of manufacture carried on in the Bay Cities is as comprehensive as the demand for their products is large and increasing. While lumber and salt are leading and representative, other lines have become established, and their goods are sold in nearly every market in the country. The field for the manufacture of machinery, boilers, mechanical tools and implements, is by no means occupied, and affords inducements for the investment of capital that cannot be over-estimated. While the number of foundries and machine shops is comparatively limited, with a total force, in round numbers, of 700 hands, they represent very large interests, and the value of their output is equally extensive. The manufacture of clothing has of late years begun to obtain here, and now gives employment to about 150 operatives; also that of carriages, wagons, buggies and other vehicles, in which industry a similar number of artisans are constantly employed. In the lines of flour, furniture, wooden- ware, dressed beef, the fisheries, soap, boots and shoes, malt liquors, cigars, book binderies and other miscellaneous industries, the number is larger than ordinarily found in cities of the same number of inhabitants, and gives steady employment to a total force of a trifle less than 1,000 bread-winners. All of these undertakings are conducted with an enterprise characteristic of the entire population. Another important industry is that of ship-building, in which nearly 1,400 men are employed, and an immense amount of money enlisted. The product of their handiwork enjoys a reputation for substantiality and durability not surpassed by that of any ship-yard on the lakes, from Duluth to Buffalo. OPENINGS FOR ENTERPRISE. As above stated, the Bay Cities need additional facilities in many lines of manu- facture. Their situation is so advantageous for shipping and receiving, that freight rates can be obtained at a minimum figure, and the facilities for a successful conduct of operations are of a superior character. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 10 There are openings here for capital and enterprise to engage in many lines of pro- ductive industry. Profit would accrue particularly from the establishment of furni- ture and chair factories, for the manufacture of carriages and wagons, wooden-ware, sash, doors and blinds, as also for the manufacture of many other articles in which wood is the chief constituent. The hardwood lumber regions included in the counties of Otsego, Auburn, Cheboygan, Presque Isle, Charlevoix and Montgomery, are easily .acccssiljle, ami also diroctlv tributarv to the Ray Cities, and will furnish inexhaustible PUUKMX BL'1LU1.N(». •quantities of maple, beech, birch, cherry, butternut, walnut and other woods, specially adapted to the uses above referred to, and which can be delivered here at compara- tively low rates. These counties are, in a measure, depended upon to supply the factories of Grand Rapids, and such supplies, on their way thither, pass by our doors. Profit would also accrue from the establishment hereof car shops, tanneries, canning and preserving works, foundries, cloth and yarn mills, paint and oil works, agricul- tural tool and implement works, tobacco manufactories, and from the manufacture 20 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. of the innumerable list of articles included under the caption of " Miscellaneous." If the present absence of many of these were supplied, not only would citizens wel- come their advent, but make it an object to whomsoever would undertake the venture. His Honor, Mayor Wright, in his last annual message to the Common Council, called attention to this subject. " I am of opinion," says the Mayor, " that the city should extend some encouragement to manufacturing industries to locate with us. * * * If we do not promote the growth of such establishments, either by founding them ourselves or inducing them to locate here, our development and prosperity will be arrested." Such encouragement the residents of the Bay Cities are ready to extend : to seek it is to obtain it. THE COURTS. UNITED STATES COURT. ON February 28, 1887, Congress passed an act providing that thereafter two or more terms of the United States Circuit and District Courts, for the Eastern District of Michigan, should be held in Bay City at such times as such Courts should appoint. In obedience to this Congressional mandate, Judge H. B. Brown, United States Circuit Judge in and for the Eastern Judicial Circuit of Michigan, issued an order carrying out the provisions of the act, and announcing, that until further notice, the terms of said courts would begin on the third Tuesdays of May and October of each year, and that the court would sit in the Bay County court house. The first term was held in October, 1887, and court has since occupied apartments in that building at succeeding terms. CIRCUIT COURT OF BAY COUNTY. The Eighteenth Judicial Circuit of the State of Michigan was created in 1859, by act of the legislature. It is composed of the counties of Bay and Arenac, and there are four terms of court held each year, commencing on the first Tuesday of March, September and December, and the third Tuesday of June. PROBATE COURT. The Probate Court began operations here in 1858. It holds semi-weekly sessions, Mondays and Fridays being the days upon which pending causes are heard and determined. POLICE COURT. The Police Court of Bay City was organized in 1888, in accordance with an act of the legislature providing therefor. This court has jurisdiction over criminal cases originating within the corporate limits of the municipality, the Recorder's court possessing jurisdiction over violations of the city ordinances. In addition to these, there are four justices of the peace, one elected each year for a term of four years, having jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases. In West Bay City there is a Recorder and four justices of the peace, who are endowed with official prerogatives similar to those exercised by the same officers in Bay City. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. THE systems of transportation available in the Bay Cities, both natural and acquired, contain a preface to the cities' successful career. A preface, too, eloquent with Truth — a happy prolotjue, even, to that imperial theme. Pro- jected for the general good, which they have advanced, maintained and extended for the promotion of the general welfare, they have more than equalled anticipa- tions, and fully realized the rose-colored expectations born of their design and object. Complete in their equipment and appointments, they are managed in accordance with a policy that has resulted in the material development of t^e wonder- ful resources indigenous to this portion of the country. Yet the intelligence and enterprise of the public-spirited citizens of the Bay Cities propose additional facili- ties, both by rail and water ; facilities that will bring producers and consumers into more intimate association, and more conclusively solve the equation of supply and demand. With such advantages, proposed and in progress of completion, the means of communication enjoyed by the Bay Cities will be superior to those of contem- porary cities in all portions of Michigan. Advantages of this character cannot escape the consideration of capitalists seeking localities for investment ; of the manufacturer, the merchant or the householder, desiring to extend their fields of opera- tion, or to establish a home. And when the value of such advantages is enhanced by safe and reliable accommodations, with low rates of transportation, they become agencies of influence and importance in the growth and progress of improvements of every community. Such, at least, is the record of history, not alone of the Bay Cities, but of all conspicuous municipalities— and the record of the past is a guide to the present and the to come. THE FIRST RAILROAD. The first steps toward building a railrf)ad from the Bjy Cities to distant points were taken early in the ■6o"s. In 1863, a company was organized to construct a line of railway connecting Bay City with East Saginaw. James Eraser was president; and in February, 1864, the project received an impetus througii the adoption of an act by the legislature, providing for the issue of 575,000 of Bay County bonds, in aid of the under- taking. The act stipulated, however, that no part of the bonds should be available until one-half the right of way had been graded. The citizens of Bay City, in this emergency, subscribed $40,000 to the enterprise, and work was commenced. Upon the retirement of Mr. Eraser from the presidency, James Birney was elected to the vacancv, and operations were prosecuted with increased vigor, under the superin- tendence of A. S. Munger. In September, 1867, the $75,000 Bay County bonds were issued, and such as remained undisposed of to subscribers were assigned to Samuel Farwell, Dr. H. C. Potter and others, as consideration for the tracking and e(]uip- ment of the road. During the same month and year, the franchise was tranfcrred to the Flint & Perc Marciuette Company, and on the 30th of September, 1867. the payment of the principal and interest of the Bay County bonds was guaranteed by THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. the latter corporation. The road was completed and in operation on November 23, 1867, and has since been the most important and prosperous branch of the FHnt & Pere Marquette system. The year after its completion, the track, which had been finished to Eleventh street, was extended to the Saginaw River. FLINT & PERE MARQUETTE RAILROAD. The first railroad built in the Saginaw Valley, was the Flint & Pere Marquette. It was organized in January, 1857; the grading of its road-bed completed in August, 1859, and the road formally opened January 20, 1862. Its main line extends from Monroe, four miles distant from Lake Erie, to Ludington, on Lake Michigan — a dis- tance of 254 miles — continuing from Monroe to Toledo, 25 miles, and from Wayne to Detroit, 55 miles, over the tracks of the Michigan Central. Its branches include the Bay City Division, extending from Flint to Bay City, tn'a East Saginaw, the Flint River, Mt. Pleasant and Harrison Divisions; also, the branch from Manistee ta Ludington, which, with the sidings, switching tracks, etc., comprehend a total of 211 miles in addition. The road owns its own parlor, sleeping and drawing room cars,. and runs a train every day from Bay City, Detroit and Toledo with them attached,. and also runs a train every night with a Pullman car from Bay City and Saginaw tO' Chicago. The company, in addition, operates a daily line of steamers, established in 1876, between Ludington, Manistee, Milwaukee and Chicago. The main line of road, crossing Michigan diagonally from southeast to northwest, passes through rich agricultural and lumber districts, and is an influential agency for the trans- portation of these products to market. The road is substantially constructed, and its facilities and equipment of rolling stock are of the most modern and approved standard. The present officers of this company are, W. W. Crapo, President; H. C. Potter, Vice-President; H. C. Potter, Jr., Secretary and Treasurer; David Edwards, Assistant General Manager; Sanford Keeler, Superintendent; W. F. Potter, Assistant Superintendent; Arthur Patriarche, General Freight Agent; A. W. Newton, Land Commissioner; W. L. Webber, Solicitor, and Gilbert W. Ledlie, Auditor. The gen- eral offices of the road are in East Saginaw. See map of this road inside of front cover. MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILROAD. The Michigan Central system in operation between Bay City as a distributing point, and the northern, southern, western and central portions of the State, furnishes invaluable facilities. The three divisions included in the system of which Bay City is the headquarters, consist of the Saginaw Division from Bay City to Jackson, 116 miles, and completed in 1867; the Bay City Division between this city and Detroit, 108 miles, completed during 1873; '^^'^ the Mackinaw Division hence to Mackinaw City, 182 miles, to which it was extended from Gaylord during 1882. Its main line and branches extending through the most fertile and highly cultivated districts; through the immense lumber belt of the Northern Peninsula; through localities wherein the manufacture of lumber products is the leading industry, and through sections of the State in progress of development and improvement. The system has been and is a prominent factor in the growth of the Bay Cities, and affords opportunities for the extension of their financial, commercial and manufacturing" influence, commanding as they are available. In addition to the divisions mentioned, the Michigan Central operates a branch from Pinconning to Gladwin, and renders, the immense stretch of country, bordering upon the west shore of Lake Huron, between Alpena and the Bay Cities, accessible to the latter, and largely dependent upon them, not only as a base of supplies, but as the market for its consignments of logs and THE INDUSTRIES OF THE DAY CITIES. 23 lumber, which arc daily shipped here by the Detroit, Bay City & Alpena to Alger, thence by the Michigan Central. The road and its branches are of the highest order of construction, and the policy of its management has always been liberal. See map of this road inside of back cover. BATTLE CREEK & BAY CITY ROAD. The foundation for this line of road was primarily laid in 1874. A considerable portion of the line hence to Midland was graded and made ready for the track, when further operations were suspended. In 1888 the project was revived and its construc- tion re-commenccd. It will be known as the Southwestern System, and extends from the Bay Cities to St. Louis, Mo., 7na Midland, Battle Creek, Goshen, Ind., and other available points. When work was resumed the Bay Cities subscribed $30,000 to the enterprise. Track-laying began in November, and trains, between Midland and West Bay City, began running before the year closed. When completed this road will prove an invaluable acquisition to the Bay Cities, as it will open a market for their products at points in the Missouri Valley and along the highways of trade extending to the Gulf, now inaccessible. THE BELT LINE ROAD. Among the improvements contemplated in the way of transportation facilities, is the construction of a Belt Line Road. It is proposed to start from an available point in the northern part of the city, and thence proceed to Essexville, by a route to be here- after determined. The object of the undertaking is to afford an entrance into the city for other roads, also for the convenience of manufacturing industries, present and prospective. The route has been surveyed and two companies are considering plans for its construction. Those in a position enabling them to speak, declare that the enterprise will be in operation within a year. LAKE AND RIVER NAVIGATION. The industries of Bay City, in a large measure, owe their development and wonderful growth to the almost unequalled facilities offered for the receipt and shipment of commodities by way of the river and lakes. .-Vt an early day these were the only means accessible for transporting passengers or freight, and, while the com- pletion of the railroads has materially affected the volume of passenger traffic, the con- veyance of freight, particularly lumber and salt in vessels owned here and chartered, has not been seriously interrupted, especially during the season of lake navigation. To furnish the demand for bottoms hence to Buffalo, Tonawanda, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago and elsewhere, a large fleet of propellers, steam barges and vessels are kept in commission, and supply accommodations for an immense amount of tonnage. The business is managed with ability and is prosperous, each season's returns show- ing increased equipment and carrying capacity, and adding to the importance of the Bay Cities as shipping ports. Two lines of steamers ply daily between Bay City and Saginaw, arriving and departing from each terminus of the route on schedule time, and making landings along the route. They carry both freight and passengers, and are sources of convenience to the trade and the public. A daily line of steamers is also operated between Bay City and Alpena, making landings at Alabaster, Tawas City, East Tawas, Au Sable, Oscoda, Greenbush and Harrisville. The steamers employed are handsomely equipped, and occupy about fourteen hours in making the run from port to port. There are, in addition, a large number of tugs for service in the harbor, also for the towage of rafts of logs from the pineries, and this branch of the transportation system is adequate to the demands made upon its resources. 24 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. BAY CITY STREET RAILWAY. The Bay City Street Railway Company was organized in 1865, and the road con- structed from Third street to Portsmouth. In 1875 the line was extended to McGraw's Mill, and ten years later to Essexville. In 1886 a double track was laid on portions of the route, thereby increasing its facilities for rapid transit between Bay City, Essexville and South Bay City. The company now operates ten miles of road of four feet, eight and one-half inch guage, laid with forty-two pound and eighty-seven pound "T" rail. The equipment includes seventeen one-horse and three double cars and sixty-five horses. Employment is given to a force of thirty-five men, and the cars are run on schedule time. The fare is five cents. THE SCHOOLS. THE public school system in operation in the Bay Cities is complete, efficient and invaluable to the cause of education, and through all time will remain an imperishable monument to the enterprise and patriotism of its founders and defenders. The schools of Bay City were organized under an act of the legislature, approved March 20, 1867, by which the Union School District was created. In 1869 the schools were graded and brought up to a high standard. They are under the control of a Board of Education, consisting of twenty-two members, one being HIGH SOHOOL BUILDING. elected each year, in accordance with the provisions of an act of the legislature, adopted in 1885, under which women are eligible as trustees, two being elected such at the election in September, 1886. The course includes twelve years or four years each in the primary, grammar and high schools. In addition to these the system also embraces a training school, established in 1873, and an undergraded school in 1886. Pupils are permitted to the primary department during the first two weeks of the first, and the first week of the second or third term; they are admitted to other grades at all times upon passing an examination. The cur-tHculiim is several and THE INDUSTRIES OF THE DAY CITIES. 25 complete in all departments, including besides the regular course, German and music, bcintj adajJlL-d in ail departments to securing to pupils a practical education, also furnishing facilities for obtaining a higher education, as graduates of the course here are permitted to matriculate at the State University without examination. Admissions to the public schools are free, and the school year of forty weeks is divided into three terms, one of which is sixteen and two twelve weeks each. There are ten public school buildings in the city, seven of which are brick and three of frame, and represent an aggregate valuation of $188,500. With the exception of the three frame structures, all these buildings are two-story edifices, of brick, substantially constructed and furnished, and equipped with every facility for the promotion of the cause, for the success of which their occupancy is maintained. During 1888 the sum of Si6,ooo, was expended in the enlargement and improvement of some of the iniildings. A force of seventy-seven teachers, exclusive of the superintendent, are employed, and the salaries for the fiscal year ending March 22, 1888, amounted to $33,673.25; the total cost of conducting the schools for the same period being $74,401.57. This amount is derived from the interest on primary school moneys, received from the sale of school lands by the State; fines for the violations of municipal ordinances, which go to the public library fund generally; the one mill tax, imposed by the State law for the payment of salaries, and the annual city school- tax budget, appointed by the Board of Education, subject to amendment and ratification by the Common Council. The school census in 1888 was 8,013, and the enrollment 3,098. The following statistics for the past ten years, will evidence the steady growth of the schools: In 1878, the school census was 4,385, the enrollment 2,160; in 1879, census 4,211, enrollment 2,484; 1880, census 5,411, enrollment 2,402; 1881, 5,153, and 2966; 1882, 6,313 and 3,185; 1883, 6,762 and 3,316; 1884, 7,578 and 3,301 ; 1885, 7,651 and 5,515; 1886, 7,315 and 3,657; 1887, 7,293 and 3,836. The school system of West Bay City is equally efficient, and of equally high merit. The schools there are conducted under the same legislative enactment, and afford the fullest complement of educational facilities to pupils. The school census for 1888 was 3,612 and the enrollment 1,522, divided among the ten schools, which were crowded to repletion, and more room will be required before the close of the scholastic year to accom- modate the rapid increase in the number of daily attendance. The expense of con- ducting the schools for the year 1888-9, was estimated at $25,710, less the two-mill tax and primary money aggregating $4,500; leaving $21,210 as the net cost to the city of their support. In addition to these agencies for the dissemination of knowledge, both cities contain parochial and private schools, including among the latter a lousiness college in Bay City, The schools embraced under the divisions other than public, excel in their various departments, and furnished additional inducements for the election of the Bay Cities, as places of residences and for other purposes. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE SERVICE. The Bay Cities are amply supplied with telegraph and telephone facilities. The former furnishes direct communication with Detroit, Toledo, Mackinaw, .Mpena, Chicago and elsewhere, and the United or Michigan Postal System is abundantly equipped for operations in its special lines. The telephone service was introduced here nearly ten years ago, and has steadily grown in favor. A large number of instruments are in use here, and wires extend to cities adjoining and at a distance, affordintr direct means of communication, satisfactory and at reasonable rates. 26 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. THE LIBRARIES. BAY CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Public Library Association of Bay City was organized in the Fall of 1869,, and the articles of association filed in December of the same year, its incorporation following during January of the year succeeding. Within two years from that date ■ 3,000 volumes had been collected. In 1874, the amounts derived from fines and penalties for violations of municipal ordinances, set apart by law for the benefit of school district libraries, with other sums, aggregated $2,899.25, and was subject to- SAGE PUBLIC LIBRABY. disposal by the Board of Education. The Library Association, about this time, pro- posed the surrender of its collection of books to the Board of Education, in consider- ation of the latter's appropriating the sums at its disposal, to the establishment of a public library. This proposition was accepted, and the transfer completed in the same year. During the session of the legislature of 1877-8, an act was adopted pro- viding for the appointment of a Board of six trustees for the government and management of the library, since when, the latter has been directed by such Board, of which the Mayor of the city is ex-officio President. The library is located at the corner of Sixth and Adams streets. Prior to 1887, it was located on Washington. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 27 avenue. Requiring more space, the premises now occupied were erected by the Wood Opera House Company, and leased to the city for ten years. In that year, they were taken possession of by the library, and arc still in use. The institution is well managed and contains a total of thirteen thousand volumes. SAGE PUBLIC LIP.RARV, WEST BAY CITY. The residents of West Bay City arc indebted to Henry W. Sage, formerly residing there, but now of Ithaca, N. Y., for the library facilities they to-day enjoy. The Sage- Library building occupies a prominent site on Midland street, opposite the West- minster Presbyterian Church. It was commenced in 1882, and completed the year following, at a total cost, including the valuation of the library, of $43,250. Its dedi- cation occurred in January, 1884. The building is two and one-half stories high, and 56.\90 feet in dimensions. The lower floor is occupied for class-room purposes, and the second floor for the use of the library and reading-room, the latter being also occupied by the Sage Library Literary Society, which holds semi-monthly meetings, at which debates are had, essays read, and musical exercises conducted. The library now contains between twelve and thirteen thousand volumes, and has a membership of 1,518. The purchase of books is made from a fund of S2,6oo, of which Mr. Sage annually donates Si, 000, the balance being furnished by the city. The yearly cost of maintaining the library is twelve hundred dollars. SOCIAL ATTRACTIONS. THE cosmopolitan character of the population of the Bay Cities, is attested by the fact, that nearly every nationality is represented among residents. Of course, the great mass of the inhabitants are of American birth, but the presence of many of foreign birth is accompanied by the result that the social amenities prevailing in the land of their nativity, are perpetuated in the cities of their adopted residence. These, combined with those of the same character indigenous to America, afford superior opportunities for social hospitality and benevolent purposes in the Bay Cities. In addition to the Young Men's and Bachelors" Clubs, there is the Bay City Club, occupying rooms in the Opera House Block. It was organized in 1886, and its annual reception, during the winter season, is a feature of social life here. It has 202 members. The Bay County Sportsmen's Club is the principal organization of its kind in the Valley. It has 250 members, and owns a boat house and shooting grounds at Essexville. Its objects are sporting amusements, and in the winter a series of parties are given by the club at the club house, which are largely attended. Aside from these, there arc eleven Masonic lodges, one conclave and one council; ten lodges of Odd Fellows, two of United Workingmen, three of Good Templars, one Knights of Pythias, one of the Protection Order of Elks, one Knights of Honor, four Knights of Labor, two of Chosen Friends, two singing societies, and about thirty miscellaneous societies, of various nationalities, of a religious, benevolent, social, literary, athletic, medical and scientitic characters. In all the varied departments of amusement, education and recreation, above referred to, the Bay Cities afford unsurpassed opportunities and inducements. The Bay County Agricultural Society, organized in 1865. occupies the grounds, formerly owned by the Bay County Driving Park Association, with handsome buildings, a fast track and other equipments^ 28 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. where fairs are held annually, and where the exhibits are of a very superior order. One military company is also included among the organizations of the cities, Company D, Third Regiment, Michigan State Troops. The Young Men's Christian Association, of Bay City, was organized in May, 1885. The objects of the association are the improvement of the spiritual, mental, social and physical condition of young INTERIOR NEW Ui'iSilA UOUSE. men. It occupies the building at the corner of Center and Washington avenues, and its maintainance and support is obtained from subscriptions and membership fees. The present roll of members contains 200 names. The Bay County Medical Society was organized in 1886. It is composed of the licensed practitioners of the county, and its object is the promotion of the professional interest of members- Meetings THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 2» are held on the second Tuesday of the mnntli, and tlu- exercises include the rcading^ of essays and the discussion of questions suggested by some, as also of those growing out of the practice. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The public buildings of Bay City are of the most iinprttentious character. I'hus far. efforts in the direction of architectural development seem to have been 'imited to private undertakings. The residence quarter of the city presents an array of mansions that, for design and finish, are unsurpassed in the State. The same may be said of a number of the business houses, but the public buildings are not in harmony with their surroundings, though comfortable and adequate. In the near future, however, that Bay City will supply this deficiency with structures in keeping with the demands of the times, there can be no doubt. COUNTY COURT HOUSE. The Bay County Court House is located on a plat of ground enclosed by Center and Madison avenues and Jefferson street. It is of brick, two and one-half stories high, and contains accommodations for the county courts and officers. The building was commenced in 1868, and completed during 1869, at a cost of S40,ooo. THE COUNTY J.ML. The Bay County Jail fronts on Center avenue, and is directly opposite the Court House. It is also built of brick, and is completely equipped for the uses to which it is devoted. The premises were completed in 1872, and cost $15,000. THE CITY HALL. The premises occupied by the municipal authorities are of brick, and located on Saginaw street, near Center avenue. Thev were purchased for their present use ten years ago, and remodeled and re-arranged at a total expenditure of Sio.ooo. They contain the city offices, Common Councd chamber, and are being, in part, used as the central police station. GO\'ERNMENr BUILDING. There is no Federal building in Bay City. .\t a recent session of Congress, an appropriation of $200,000 was made for the erection of a government building here. Of that sum $100,000 is now available, and the building will be commenced immedi- ately a site has been obtained. During the Fall of rSSS those having the matter in charge were undecided whether to purchase the present site of the Brunswick Hotel, on Washington avenue, or locate the proposed improvement elsewhere. The plans contemplate the erection of a public edifice, that will not only be regarded as a model of architectural superiority and substantial construction, but an ornament to the city and State. LIntil the preliminary steps now in progress regarding the pro- posed site are disposed of, nothing can be determined upon with reference to this improvement. THE NEW OPERA HOUSE. Bay City government. THE city is well orj^anizcd in its executive and le{:jislative departments — police, fire, health, law, finance, education and other departments of municipal jjovcrn- ment are properly and commendably manaj^cd. The Mayor, members of the Board of Aldermen, Comptroller, School Board, Treasurer, and some minor •officials, are elective, others being appointive. THE CITY WATER SYSTEM. The supply of water furnished consumers is obtained from Saginaw Bay, the water-works being located on North Water street, at a distance of about four miles from the city. The Holly system has been utilized for the purpose, and the engine first •employed possessed a capacity of 2,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. With the growth and development of the city, however, this amount was found inadequate to the public needs, and, during 1886, an engine of the Gaskill pattern, with capacity to pump 4,000,000 gallons, was added to the equipment. There was, up to 1888, a total length of 25 '^ miles of mains of iron and Wyckoff pipe connected with the works, and 180 public hydrants in use. On the ist of October of the latter year, 2|^ miles of mains were added, also 25 public hydrants, making a total of 27^ miles of mains and 205 public hydrants — the complement of appliances for distributing water through the city at present. The total cost of working the system was Si 5.323.25 for the year ending January i, 1888, of which amount 56,900 was paid for salaries. It is under the direction of a Board of seven commissioners. POLICE DEPARTMENT. The Police Department consists of one chief, one captain, two sergeants, one court officer, one sanitary and truant officer and fifteen patrolmen, under the control of a Board of five commissioners. The metropolitan system, under which the department is managed, was introduced here in 1880, and has been found efTcctual. The service rendered is acceptable to citizens, there being an apparent absence of the crimes which are prevalent in cities of lesser importance. The expenses of the department for the current year are $15,402.88, including salaries. The headquarters of the force are at the City Hall, on Saginaw street, near Center avenue. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. The present Fire Department of Bay City is managed under the " paid system," which superseded the old volunteer system in all the leading cities of the country, years ago. The first efforts toward the organization of the fire brigade here, were inaugurated at an early day, but it was not until i860 that they took shape and grew into substantial reality. The department, as then constituted, was subjected to the same experience in the procuring of engines, equipments, etc., that has attended similar undertakings, but, in spite of the handicaps that weighed down their efforts, became efficient and proficient in their lines of duty. In the Spring of 1887, the legislature adopted an act for the re-organization of the department here, and for its management by a Board of Commissioners. The department consists of one chief engineer, two assistant engineers, six captains, six drivers, seventeen hosemen, and two ladder and axe men, making a total of thirty-four men, seven of whom are full THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. paid, and the remainder call-men. The equipment embraces five first-class hose- carriages, five first-class hose-sleighs, one hook and ladder truck, one Port Huron tire-escape, one Silsby rotary engine, one Clapp & Jones piston steamer, one buggy^ one sleigh, thirteen horses and 9,700 feet of hose. In the fire-alarm system there are 39 alarm boxes, maintained at the city's expense, five house boxes and gongs, seventeen individual call bells, eighty-two jars battery, 425 telegraph poles, nineteen miles ai\d 2S0 feet of No. 9 wire, and 17,000 feet of insulated copper wire. The total value of department property will closely approximate S6o,ooo, and the total expenses for the year ending March 22, iSSS, $17,100.26. During the same period there were loi alarms, and the total losses by fire amounted to $32,870.00, being S39.106.50 less than during the previous year. The department is well disciplined, and its effectiveness attested by the figures above i|uotod. 1. UVU I'i.W THE ELECTRIC LIGHT PLANT. Bav Citv was the first municipality in Michigan to adopt tliis system for lighting" the city. It was first established here in 1SS2 — the Brush system being employed. It was then owned and conducted under the management of foreign capitalists. In 1 886, measures were taken by the Common Council to purchase the plant; and in February, 1SS7, the city acquired title for a consideration of $30,000, of which $10,000 was in cash, the balance being represented by two orders of $10,000 each, payable in one and two years, bearing four per cent, interest. At the same time the city pur- chased six and one-half miles of wire, in addition to the necessary poles to complete circuits, paying $1,583.62 therefor. By discounting the time orders, $2,094.21 was saved to tax-payers, and the total cost of the plant was $30,689.41. not including, however, the cost of the Center avenue tower, which was subsequently purchased for $7;o. The present equipment includes buildings and machinery-, dynamos, five towers, 100 mast arms, 20 miles of circuit, with poles, cross-arms, insulators and settings, and 12S double-arc lamps. The Jenney Company's system w-as substituted THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 33 for the Brush system, when the purchase of the plant was consummated, and fur- nishes a superior h;^ht at a comparatively small expense,— the same being about ^1425 per month for the salaries and maintainance of the department. The manage- ment of the system is directed by a Board composed of five commissioners. SEWAGE SYSTEM. The sewage of Bay City was begun in the latter part of the 'jo's, and has been since extended each succeeding year. For the year ending March 22, 1888, a total of 24>^ miles of sewer was in operation. MUNICIPAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES. At the close of the fiscal year March 22, 1888, the total value of the corporate property of Bay City was $794,487. 29, with liabilities amounting to $386,001.55. During the same year the total disbursements were $300,517.78, and there was a balance in the city treasury of $41,731.37 at its close. BANKS AND BANKING. THE FISCAL AGENCIES, THEIR RESOURCES AND CONDITION. UNTIL 1863 the Bay Cities were without banking facilities. In that year, however, C. W. Gibson opened a private bank; and in the year following, the First National, now the Bay National Bank, was organized and com- menced business. It was followed thereafter by the incorporation of the Bay City Bank in 1871, under State law; the Second National in 1874; Lumbermen's State in 1882; Bay County Savings in 1884, and the Commercial in 1887; the three latter also under State law. One of the National Banks conducts a savings department, likewise the Bay City, Bay County and Lumbermen's State, the latter of West Bay City. The Commercial is provided with safety deposit vaults. The following is a tabulated statement showing the present condition of the banks: THE BANKS. 8<*coiul National Bay National Commercial Bay City ♦Lumbermen's State Hay ( 'oiinty HdvingH. CAPITAL. 8DBPLU8. DEPOSITS. LOANS AND DISCOUNTS. $250,000 $100,000 $507,331 $861,850 200.000 60,141 415.519 597,372 100,000 5,000 134.953 205,782 150.000 .50.000 .551.179 649.424 40.000 20,000 241.S18 3r)5,lf>0 5(),fKX) 10,000 2l().;i40 • 2l2,r,M9 $7'.»0.000 $245,141 $2,091,140 $2,912,177 ♦WeBt Bay City. From the above it will be seen that the solvency of the corporations, State and National, included in the banking system of the Bay Cities, is beyond comment. The policy adopted has always been such as to preserve that solvency, at the same time to augment the prosperity of the Valley. The banks have always been closely identified with the aid of commercial interests, and wield a powerful influence in the development of enterprise in this portion of the State. In this department also, there is a field for the employment of additional capital, and overtures with that object in view, will be substantially encouraged by citizens. 1 i ^^laif THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 35 WEST BAY CITY GOVERNMENT. IN its municipal government West Bay City is constituted the same as Bay City- proper. The city was organized in 1877, and was made up of the villages of Wenona, Salzburg and Banks. An election was held on the first Monday in May of the same year, for city officers, and since that date its affairs have been managed bv a Mayor and Common Council, the latter consisting of twelve members, who, with the Comptroller, Recorder, Treasurer, School Inspectors, Board of Education, and some minor officers, are elective. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. The police force of West Bay City consists of a chief and six police officers, or one for each ward, and is sufficient to repress disorder and crime. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. The fire department is maintained at an annual expense, in round numbers, of S6,ooo, including the cost of maintaining the fire alarm telegraph system, also in- operation in West Bay City. Tlic department consists of one chief and fifteen men. and the equipment of three iiiiproved hose carts, one steamer and 4,50x3 feet of hose. The department is operated under the " paid system." WEST BAY CITY WATER SYSTEM. The water works of West Bay City are operated under the Holly system, and were established in October, 1881. They were completed during 1883 at a cost of $75,000. There are thirteen miles of mains in the service, two miles of which were completed in 1881. The management of the system is directed by a Board of Water Works Commissioners, composed of five members. THE ELECTRIC LIGHT. The city is lighted by electricity furnished by a company of which the Hon. S. 0> Fisher is President. The equipment embraces fifty double arc lamps, and are sufficient for present purposes, but the number will be increased as demand requires. SEWAGE SYSTEM. The construction of sewers was begun in 1888, and prosecuted with such diligence that one mile and one-quarter of mains and between eight and ten miles of laterals were completed during the year, at a cost of S6o,ooo. The entire cost of the system will approximate $150,000, and its completion be reached in the Fall of 1889. The work is managed by a Board of Public Works, composed of three members appointed by the Common Council. The outlet for the sewage is at the foot of South street, adjacent to the Michigan Central railroad bridge. PROPOSED CONSOLIDATION of thf BAY CITIES. .\t the session of the legislature which adjourned in 1887, ^^ ^'^^ ^^'^^s passed providing for the consolidation into one municipality of East and West Bay City and Essexville. The consolidation is to take effect from and after the first Monday in April, i8gi. A committee of three persons from East and West Bay City is to be appointed by the Board of Aldermen of each city; the committees are authorized to 36 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. prepare a just and equitable plan for the protection of the rights and interests of those resident within the territory to be affected, and in case of disagreement, Spencer O. Fisher, of West Bay City, is constituted to act as arbiter, and his decision shall be final. In case Mr. Fisher is unable to act, Theodore F. Shepard is author- ized to act in his stead. In case either city neglects or refuses to appoint a com- mittee, the city so appointing shall perform all the duties provided for by the act, and submit the charter prepared to the legislature for confirmation. These com- mittees are to be appointed six months prior to the convening of the next ensuing session of the legislature, after the passage of the bill providing for their creation. The total population of East and West Bay City and Essexville approximates about 55,000, in round numbers. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The charities established here are sustained with liberal hand by the citizens. Their location is in retired portions of the city, the comforts of life are generously provided, good taste and cheerful surroundings are apparent in the make-up and management, experienced nurses attend to the wants of inmates, and skillful physicians and surgeons are retained for the treatment of the sick, the maimed, and the unfortunate, who are admitted to be partakers of the benefits to be obtained in each. The cities are without regular hospitals, to which absence Mayor Wright calls the attention of tax-payers, and recommends to their representatives that they take into careful consideration the immediate building of hospital premises. THE NORTHWESTERN HOSPITAL. One of the leading institutions of the character under consideration is the North- western Hospital. It is handsomely located at No. 809 South Water street. The building occupied is large and fitted up with every convenience for the care and treatment of patients. The latter are admitted when unfitted, by accident or disease, to work, and are provided with medical attention until recovered. Those able to do so, pay a weekly sum for attendance, attention and physicians' services. An arrangement exists between the city and the hospital, by which the city's sick and injured are cared for at this institution. HOME FOR AGED WOMEN. The Society of the Home for Aged Women was established in 1886, and is com- posed of all charitably disposed ladies who acquire membership upon the payment of a nominal sum. The object is the providing of homes for aged women, and temporary homes for homeless women and children. It is supported by voluntary subscription, and managed by an Executive Board and a Board of Trustees, elected by those entitled to the privileges of membership. WOMEN'S CHARITABLE UNION. The Women's Charitable Union was organized in 1883. Its objects are to relieve the sick and destitute of the Bay Cities. The management is conducted by lady officials, two being selected from each of the cities' evangelical churches, and an Advisory Board composed of three members, supplemented by Visiting, Executive, Financial and other committees. It is sustained by subscriptions, donations, etc., and the expense entailed in the works of benevolence done under the society's auspices, is nearly one thousand dollars annually. In addition to the foregoing, there are a number of church and secret society organizations created for similar •objects, in active operation. THE ISDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 37 THE CHURCHES. Tl \\\ course of rcli};ion has always maintained an ascendency in the Bay Cities. It found expression here when the present site of both municipahties was occupied with groves- " God's first temples" — and for a period of nearly fifty years has marched in the van of advancing civilization. Its influence upon the growth and progress of the \'alley has been paramount, and efforts made in the conservation of morality have proved substantial and effective. The societies in operation include upon their rosters of membership a large proportion of the popula- tion, and their objects are directed with beneficial results in all the departments of riiiNiTY Ki'iHcoPAL onmrii. life. There are at present thirty-four religious bodies of different denominations in Bay City, embracing four Methodist Episcopal, two Free Methodist, two Presby- terian, one Episcopal, one Reformed Episcopal, three Evangelical Lutheran, one German Lutheran, three Baptist, one L'nivcrsalist, one Congrcgation.il. two Hebrew and four Catholic societies, in addition to one Presbyterian, two Methodist Episcopal, one Episcopal, two Lutheran, one Evangelical Rcfonned, one Catholic, one T^aptist and one non-sectarian societies, in West Bay City. Their houses of worship arc among the most prominent architectural tiiumplis in this portion of the State, 38 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. Tcpresenting an outlay of many hundred thousand dollars, and they are sustained -with exceptional liberality. The story of religious achievement here, is the " old, old story " of pioneer privations and hardships, culminating in the success that is ^apparent to-day. Beside the church organizations proper, there are many societies connected with them, for humane, educational and social purposes, that contribute materially to the public and private vi'elfare, and which, like unto the origin of their creation, are prosperous and growing in value and membership. VITAL STATISTICS. The location of the Bay Cities contributes toward making them among the healthiest in the Northwest. They possess the advantages of site, of pure water, pure air, spacious public grounds, wide avenues, an excellent system of drainage, and a temperature that rarely reaches the extremes of heat or cold. Contiguous to Lake Huron, the situation in this particular cannot be surpassed, as it is a ■well established scientific fact that the presence of a large body of water, not only tempers the heat and cold, but dissipates the probability of severe wind storms, -which have worked incalculable destruction to life and property in other portions of the country. Neither are there droughts nor excessive rainfalls. As a healthful resort, the site of the cities is as conducive to freedom from disease, as their improvements of beautiful homes, imposing buildings, parks and highways make up an attractive picture to the visitor and resident. Diseases indigenous to the climate are unknown, and contagious diseases are of exceptional occurrence. Statistics show that for the past ten years the births have exceeded the deaths nearly four to one. The sanitary direction is under the control of the municipal authorities, -and the condition of the cities is in all respects commendatory of the labors of that ■department of the public service. The health of the cities is supervised by a Board organized in accordance with an act of the legislature, the members of which are .appointed by the Mayor, with the advice and consent of the Common Council. POSTAL STATISTICS. The Bay City Postoffice is located on Washington avenue, between Center avenue a,nd Sixth street, whither it was removed from the Westover block, in 1886, upon the "destruction by fire of that building. The present premises are commodious and •well equipped for the accommodation of the service and the public. The postmaster in the discharge of his duties is assisted by a full force of clerks, carriers and subordinates. There are eleven carriers, and four deliveries and collections made daily in the business portion of the city, and three and two in the outskirts. Seventy- two bags of mail matter arrive and depart each day, except Sundays, and fifty-two mail boxes are distributed throughout the city. The office hours are from 7:30 A. M. to 7:30 P. M., except on Sundays, when the office opens at 11:30 A. M. and closes at 12:30 P. M. The registry division is accessible from 8 A. M. to 5 P. M. For the first nine months of the year 1888 the receipts were $23,120.60; the expenses for the same period being $16,300. In addition to this, there is a postoffice maintained at South Bay City, where it was established in 1859, and is still in operation. In West Bay City there are three offices, established prior to the consolidation of the villages now comprehended in the municipal limits of the former, and in all of which the postoffices have been continued. They are supplied with all necessary facilities for a complete and available service, and are well managed. REAL ESTATE. APPRECIATION IN VALUES-ADVANTAGES FOR INVESTMENTS. THE Bay Cities offer advantages to those desiring to purchase lots and lands for commercial, manufacturing or residence sites, nowhere surpassed in the State of Michigan. Those seeking investments in realty for immediate -occupation, or from which to obtain a fair return, can realize such desire here. Such investments will not only be absolutely safe, but must in the very nature of things appreciate in value. Handsomely located, with a climate that is conducive to health, and natural resources that beneficially promote that inestimable boon, this portion of the Valley is specially attractive from a sanitary standpoint. In direct •communication with leading portions of the country, supplied with the very best of transportation facilities, surrounded by a territory highly cultivated and rapidly becoming occupied and improved by an intelligent and enterprising constituency; supporting an educational system efficient and judiciously managed; maintaining the cause of religion, including upon its roster of sect nearly every creed or denomination; socially, relaxation and refinement are apparent in the homes and the places of public resort, and art and culture give additional claims to their preferment as a place of residence. Intersecting streets shaded and decorated, broad avenues lined with handsome private residences and elegant public buildings; a number of parks accessible to all who desire to avail themselves of their inviting accommodations and •other metropolitan amusement attractions, render the Bay Cities a center of all that is acceptable to the citizen, the student, the professional man, the merchant, and to men, and women too, whose greatness stands revealed in their pursuit of honest labor. RESIDENCE PROPERTY. Those who are in a position to know, declare that all classes of property in the Bay Cities are held at reasonable rates, and steadily growing in value. Residence property is included among the best holdings. The lots for this purpose are com- modious and handsomely improved. Those in the neighborhood of the parks, along Center avenue, and on other desirable thoroughfares, bring from Si,ooo to $1,500 each, within easy walking distance from the business center, and upon lines of street railway. Lots can also be obtained in select portions of the city, on improved streets, at from $600 to 5800 apiece. Residences, from the modest, unpretentious cottage, to the palatial mansion, can be built at from one to twenty-five thousand dollars. Lots in the outer portion of the city and in suburban localities, are held at from one to three hundred dollars, and at the present cost of material and labor, a comfortable home, including the cost of the lot, can be finished ready for occupancy, for 5700 or thereabouts. BUSINESS PROPERTY. Business property is valued in proportion as it possesses the advantages of locality and availability. The sum of $25,000 was recently stated as the value of the lot, 100x150 feet in dimensions, at the corner of Center and Washington avenues, •on which the building occupied by the Young Men's Christian Association is 40 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. situated. On such business highways as Center avenue, they command from two to- three hundred dollars per foot; on the side streets just off from the main thorough- fares, but in the business portions of Bay City, from one to two hundred dollars. Business blocks, furnished with every convenience, can be erected for from $5,000 upward. In West Bay City, residence lots are obtainable at from $300 to $400, for the choicest, and from $50 to $250 in the suburbs. A comfortable home, lot included, can be finished for from $500 to $800, or more, as the inclinations of the owner shall determine. Business property unimproved is quoted at $40 per foot, and the cost of improvements is about the same as in Bay City. Factory sites are rated at from $200 to $800 per acre in Bay City, those along the river front at a proportionately higher figure. STORE AND OFFICE RENTALS. Single store rentals, including basements, range from $500 to $800 in Bay City, and from $200 to $600 in West Bay City. Buildings for commercial purposes com- mand froin $1,000 to $1,500 per annum, according to location and equipment. For office purposes, a suite of offices, well lighted and ventilated, also heated by steam, can be had for $500 a year in Bay City; single offices for from $10 to $25 per month: in West Bay City, good accommodations are available at $12, by the month. COST OF LABOR. The prevailing prices for labor are $2 per diem, for painters and carpenters; $2.75 for brick-layers and stone-masons, and $2.25 each, for machinists and boiler-makers.. Unskilled labor is paid from $1 to $1.50 per day. The wages paid in West Bay City are $2.75 to $3, for brick and stone-masons, and from $2 to $2.50 for carpenters and painters; for unskilled labor the rates which prevail in Bay City for the same service. " Taxes are not excessive, the total amount being 2.83 per cent., including State, county and municipal taxes, against 4 per cent, in East Saginaw," declares his Honor, Mayor Wright, in his last annual message. As an evidence of the increase in the value of property, borrowing from the same source, it may be stated that in i860, with a population of 700, the assessed valuation of property liable for taxes was $530,589. In 1870 the population was 7,064, and the assessed valuation $1,166,475; in 1880, population 20,693, valuation $7,722,310; in 1884, population 29,415, valuation $9,102,655; 1887, estimated population 33,000, valuation $9,746,246; 1888, estimated population 35,000, valuation $10,021,845. Those, who from their intimate knowledge of the transactions in real estate during the past are in a position to know, report that the real estate market is in a healthy condition. In conclusion, facts justify a repetition of the statements made, that the opportunities for investments in the property of the Bay Cities are nowhere surpassed in the State. BAY CITY GAS COMPANY. The Bay City Gas Company was organized February 15, 1868, with a capital of $55,000. The erection of the works, with meters having capacity for 100,000 feet of gas, was completed October 15, of the same year. The company has fourteen miles of mains and sixteen of laterals, a portion of which was completed in 1888. Gas is furnished consumers at $2.20 per thousand, for less than 1,000 feet; $1.80 for over that amount, and $1.60 per thousand feet for heating and cooking purposes. The office- of the company is on Washington avenue, between Center avenue and Fifth street. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 41 THE PRESS. The press of the Bay Cities is held in very high esteem, and considered to be the equal of any published in the State, outside of Detroit. There can be no question but that the prosperity, development and present prominence of the Saginaw Valley is in a large measure due to the enterprise and resources of the local press. It has been the formulator of public opinion, the conservator of public morality, and the earnest and able advocate of all measures designed for the public welfare, through the years of the Cities' history, from the date when the first paper was established here, up to the present time. In its career, the press has created an elevated standard of journalistic excellence, and no city assuming greater pretensions and equal facilities, can boast a higher plane, in all particulars, than that conceded to the papers of the Bay Cities. There are now published and circulated in Bay City, two dailies and four weeklies,— ^one of the latter in the German language, two in the French, and the Labor Advocate in English, its first issue being published on Saturday, October 6th, 1888. In West Bay City there is one paper published -a weekly— established in July, 1887. All of these are ably edited. The dailies furnish to readers a complete resume of local information, each morning and evening, while the Associated and United Press Associations supply full and interesting reports of happenings at a distance. The weeklies cover every variety of subjects, and handle their themes in a manner that commends them to the careful consideration of reflecting and appreciative constituencies. A large number of persons are employed in the collection, preparation and composition of the daily record of current events, and no efforts are spared to make it complete, newsy, edifying and instructive. THE HOTEL FACILITIES. In the matter of hotel fa- cilities, the Bay Cities are adequately supplied. The hotel buildings are substan- tially constructed, well ven- tilated and their sanitation promotive of health and com- fort. They are located at points making them access- ible to travelers arriving by land or water, and contiguous to business centers. Their improvements arc modern, ,ind their equipments and . onveniences fully up to the ■ ines and consistent with the ' i|uirements of the service. !ie rates are low for the ac- inmodations furnished, ranging from one to three KUASKii iioiM dollars per diem, and the total number that can be comfortably housed in the hotclb here, will not fall fai short of five thousand. CAPT. JAMEH DAVIDSON— SEE OPPOSITE PACK. Ill the series of descriptive articles that follow, we have endeavored to make appropriate mention of every well established and deserviiifj; inercan. tile and nianulacturing house, and every respont-ible fiduciary trust in Bay City and West Bay City, believing tliat tliose whose industry, energy and capital are enlisted in building up the liay Cities' material interests, and developing and maintaining their trade supremac^y, arc worthy of all the favorable recognition it is in our power to bestow, and it is with the utmost confidence that we commend every business house, named in these pages, to the good-will and patronage of all into whose hands tiiis book may come. Liberal, enterprising, and of sterling business and personal character, it is uj)on this class of men the future growth of the Bay Cities and their influence upon the welfare of the State and Nation depend. CAPTAIN JAMES DAVIDSON. >tliip lliiilder— X.K. of .Mioliiisan C't>ntral It. K. Kntciiit' llooNe- W«'Ht liay 4'lly. " One of the larfjeet, most completely eciuipped, and prominent of the ship-buildiuj.,' induBtries alontf the chain of lakes, from l3uhitli to IJnffiilo, is owned and maiiiij^ed by Captain James Davidson. His plant, eml)racing dry docks, yards, etc., is located in West IJay City, at a point southeast of the cugiue house of the Michiyaa Central Railroad, and occupies a very lar^e area of territory. He bet,'an the business iu 1871, beinj,' then located on the river at Ballentine's yard, where he binlt the "E. M. Davidson," a schooner that will lonp l)e remembered for superiority of deBij,'U, ei-t of ciiusing even a 44 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CIKIES. temporary Buepension of work. Contracts were immediately concluded, and the premises rebuilt and furnished with additional tools and appliances, to meet the steadily increasing demand made upon the resources of the establishment. Captain Davidson is a native of Buffalo, N. Y., and began his successful career, when, as a youth, he signed articles as a sailor, bound to Liverpool. He subsequently sailed to China and other foreign ports, part of the time as commander of the vessels that bore him thither. Since engaging in ship building at West Bay City, he has con- structed steam-ships, tugs and sailing vessels of unsurpassed excellence. Among the former, the "Oceanica," one of the largest crafts on the lakes; the "Siberia" of 1,618 tons; "George T. Hope," 1,273 tons; "Australasian," 1,540 tons; "Roumania," 1,900 tons; the "Bulgaria," 2,750 tons; and in 1888 the "Germanic" and "Britannic" of 2,000 tons burthen each, and the " Majestic," three hundred and fifteen feet in length, and forty- one feet in breadth of beam, with 3,000 tonnage capacity, the largest vessel afloat on the lakes. During the same year, he also finished the schooners " Mary Wilson " and " Mary B. Mitchell," also a four masted schooner of 2,400 tons, and at the time of the fire in August, had the moulds laid for several large crafts, which were burned. The steamships "Germanic," "Britannic" and "Majestic" were built for the Davidson Line, operating between Buffalo and Chicago, of which he is the owner. Captain Davidson builds vessels to order, and for sale, and many of his largest craft built for his own use are purchased immediately they are floated, by transportation corpora- tions and individuals, on account of their superior model and sea-going qualities. He employs a force of from seven to eight hundred bands and one hundred and fifty teams the year round, and his trade is at every port on the lakes. He is also one of the Board of Managers of the " Lake Carriers' Association," is largely interested in elevators at Buffalo, and is Vice-President and Director of the Frontier Iron and Braps Works at Detroit, Mich. Captain Davidson is a remarkable man, not only in his own sphere, but in all the departments of life. He has revolutionized the class of vessels employed in the navigation of the lakes, and the benefits accruing from his large investments have been distributed with liberal hand in the promotion of industry, development of enterprise, and to the prosperity of Bay City and the State of Michigan. N. B. BRADLEY & SONS— ROSS, BRADLEY & CO. Miifrs. and I>ealer8 in litinilier and Salt— Office, Cor. Fourteenth & Water Sts. N. B. Bradley has been identified with the lumber industries of the Saginaw Valley for nearly forty years. He began business in Bay City in 1854. One year later he became partner in the lumber firm of Frost & Bradley. In 1861 he purchased the present mill property, and organized the firm of N. B. Bradley & Co., consisting of himself, F. E. and Charles Bradley. In 1881 he purchased the plant in its entirety, and, admitting E. E. and F. W. Bradley as partners, established the firm of N. B. Bradley & Sons. . They own and occupy a very large area of territory, including eight blocks of ground situated on Water street, between Thirteenth and Sixteenth streets,, affording them 2,000 feet of river frontage, in addition to ample accommodations for the transaction of their business. Within these dimensions are located the mill proper, the shingle and lath mills, salt mills, salt block, booms, piling grounds, barns and other equipments. The saw mill is a commodious structure, supplied with every convenience and facility for handling the stock, from the log in the rough to its manufactured products. The equipment is triple, embracing Wickes Brothers' improved gang saw, powerful band and large circular saws, complete in all their varied details, the most approved machinery only being employed, and driven by engines of great power. Their shingle mill is equally equipped with machinery and conveniences for the business, and, like the lumber mill, is in constant operation. The piling grounds have first-class water frontage, and are of large dimensions. Their salt industry is represented by eight salt wells and an immense salt block. Each of the wells is furnished with pumping-engiue facilities and drill-house conveniences, and the entire plant, with its appurtenances, is provided with all the most approved appliances, adapted to the several departments in which their services are utilized. In connection with the mill products, the manufacture of barrels, for the shipment of salt is also extensively carried on. The total output of the enterprise annually is stated at about 21,000,000 feet of lumber, 8,000,000 shingles, 4,000,000 laths, 60,000 eetts ff THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 45 barrel stock, and 60,000 barrels of salt. A force of one hundred and seventy-five men are employed, the products of its work being shipped to the Eastern markets. Tlie salt is disposed of tlironj,'li the Michi>,'an Salt Association, au or^'ani/afion which handles nearly all the salt made in the Valley, of wliich the Hrm are members. They also own large tracts of pine lands in various portions of Michigan, and during the winter engage extensively in lumbering in both the I'pper and Lower Peninsulas, employing two hundred ami tifty men in that field of operations. They are other- wise engaged in large undertakings, being owners of properties in the pine lands of the South, and of planing mills, which are the finest in this section, with an annual capacity of 40,000,000 feet, also lumber yards covering an extended area. Mr. Nathan B. Bradle> has served as Mayor of Bay City, as member of the State Senate, and as a Representative in Congress. He exercises a supervisory control over the affairs of N. B. Bradley it Sons, being largely interested in other directions, the junior partner managing its conduct and affairs. Their large product of dressed lumber, in car-load lots, finds an outlet to market through the house of lioss Bradley & Co. SECOND NATIONAL BANK. PliuMiix Ituildine— Center and >Vanliin£tun Avennei^. The history of banking operations in Bay City dates back twenty-five years, when C. W. Gibson opened a piivate bank in a room of the Union block, the present site of the Campbell House. As the city grew in proportions, and business increased in volume and importance, the necessities of the situation gave birth to enterprises of INTF.nioH SErONI) NATIONAL BANK. this character, resulting in the establishment of a banking system in Bay City, than which there is none superior in the State. One of the leading banks here, and recognized not onlv as an invaluable adjunct to the progress and development of this portion of the State, but as one of the most substantial and reliable in the 46 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. Northwest, is the Second National. It was organized in May, 1874, with a capital of $1()0,0()0; William Westover, President, and W. L. Plum, Cashier. Seven years previous the Exchange Bank was established by William and Luther Westover, James J, McCormick, Charles F. Gibson and H. J. Clark, and in 1869 the State Bank was organized through the efforts and influence of Orrin Bump, who was chosen Cashier, with W. S. Patrick as President. About this time the Exchange Bank went out of existeoce, and Alonzo Chesebrough succeeded to the presidency of the State Bank, the capital of which was increased to $1.50,000. W. L. Plum, Cashier of the- Second National, died in 1877, and M. M. Andrews was selected to fill the vacancy. In May, 1878, the Second National and the State Bank were consolidated, with William Westover, President; Orrin Bump, Cashier, and M. M. Andrews, Assistant Cashier; the capital was increased to $200,000, further increased to $250,000 in January, 1883, which amount has since been maintained, and with the surplus and undivided profits is now $399,245.04. The bank occupies a suite of offices in the Phcenix block, corner of Washington and Center avenues, conceded to be the handsomest equipped and furnished of any of the kind in Michigan, where business is conducted upon a sound financial basis, and according to methods conservative but liberal. The offices occupy the entire northern portion of the building, and were arranged and appointed for the special uses to which they are adapted. They are finished in cherry and other hard woods, the flooring being of Italian marble, and the rooms of the Cashier and Directory elegantly carpeted and furnished. Two safes of the latest improved pattern afford absolute security to deposits and other valuables, and a full staff of Competent and efficient assistants is employed. Its business is a general banking business, of dis- count (of which it carries the largest line of any bank in the Saginaw Valley) and deposit, loaning money on approved security, the purchase and sale of foreign and domestic exchange and the issue of letters of credit, the carrying of accounts of banks, bankers, and individuals upon the most liberal terms, etc. It also has direct con- nection with leading monetary centers. The bank is one of the most substantial character, enjoying the highest credit, and its career has been one of uninterrupted prosperity. • The following is the report of the condition of the bank, Tuesday, November 13, 1888, at the close of business hour^: LIABILITIES. Loans and Discounts.. ...$869,7.^0.59 U.S. Bonds .^0,000.01) Duo from Banks 100,03.5.61 Furniture 4,r)00.00 ExponHOH and Taxes Paid 10,386.98 Cash on Hand 54,187.02 Redemption Fund with U. S. Treas.... 2,250.00 $1,091,040.20 ASSETS. Capital Stock $250,000.00 Surplus Fund 100,000.0() Undividod Profits 49,245.04 Circulating Notes 45,000.00 Deposits 611,797.89 Ko-discounts 34,997.27 $1,091,040.20 The present officers are William Westover, President; D. C. Smalley, Vice- President; Orrin Bump, Cashier, and M. M. Andrews, Assistant Cashier. The directory is composed of the following well known gentlemen: A. M. Chesebrough, H. W. Sage, H. P. Merrill, William Westover, A. J. Cooke, S. T. Holmes, D. C. Smalley, A. Walton, William L. Smith, W. H. Tousey and Orrin Bump. The management of the bank is perfect, and its operations have been conducted in a manner creditable to its official board, and to the prosperity and development of the Saginaw Valley. NICHOLS & SANGLE, HarncMH and Saddles— <"aiTiaac Tri in niiiitj -Center, near M^asliin^ton St. Among the well-known establishments in Bay City engaged in manufacturing enterprise, the house of Nichols & Sangle, harness makers, is prominent and repre- sentative. The firm, which is composed of Fred. A. Nichols and George Sangle, was organized in 1874. They occupy the two-story and basement building, 25x100 feet in dimensions, at an available location on Center street. The first floor is devoted to the use of office and salesroom and handsomely fitted up, being provided with large glass cases for the display of fine harness, saddlery, and horse goods generally, with THE INDUSTRIES OE THE HAY CITIES. 47 n workroom in the rear, containing ample facilities for the businePH of mannfactnrinsr anil reiJiiiritiK'. ■'ind where a force of bIx artisans is etiniloyed. Tn aihlition fo the j^'oods mannfactnretJ, the tinn carry larj^'e invoices of sadilleH, roheH, hhinkets, turf ^oods, etc., of the best make ami material. Tlieir B[)ecialtieB areoriler-ma:y, carriage, draught and Iuml)er harness; also doing carriage trimming to order, and repairing in a manner both neat and 8ul)stantial. Their trade is large and growing in the city and country, i)articniarly among tiie himber mills ami otlier industries where the use of horses is largely employed. *• W. I. BROTHERTON & CO. iiiiilx'ruit'ii'N SiiitplioN KoH. I lO.*} tn I I I 1 W iitei- Mt. nlKUTON \ en. One of the largest and most prosperous wliolesale grocery houses in the Saginaw Valley is conducted by W. 1. lirotherton S: Co., composed of W. I. Hrotherton, (). .\. Watrous, H. N. Watrous, and H. W. .Teunison. It is also one of the oldest, having l)een established in 187:^ hy Carter & Maltby. Tn ISTC, \V. T. Brotlierton and H. A. (litTord were admitted as partners, and the firm name wascliaiiged to Maltby, Hrotherton A- Co. This continued until 1ST1», in whicli year N. A. Waterman succeeiled to the (tilTord interest, when the tirm name was again changed to !\Ialthy. Hrotherton »'i: Waterman, and again, in IKHl, to Maltby, Page A- Co., Mr. Waternum disposing of his interest to W. W. Page. Mr. Hrotherton still remainetl a member of the tirm, whi<'h name, how- ever, was once more changed, in IMSl. In that year. \. (). and H. N. Watrous, ti|K)n purchasing Mr. Page's holding, became partners, and the original name of Maltby, Brotlierton »t Co. was resumed, so remaining until April, 18S7, when Maltby retired, and the present style was adopted, since remaining unchanged, though in October of the same year, H. W. Jennison, who had been nine years with the ln)use. was made an additional partner. They are lf)catetl at Nos. 110.'), 1107, llO'.t ami 1111 Water street, occupying commo- dious and amply equi[)pe(l premises, two stories in height, TtOxKH) feet in dimensions, substantially built, with basement under the whole, an(l furnished with every conveni- ence for the sale, storage and shipment of their large stocks. .\djoining the main stores is the oflice building, recently completed, also of brick, consisting of one story and basement, each 25xl(J0 feet in size, and the establishment entire extending back 48 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. to the warehouse, which is 180x60 feet in dimensions, and adjacent to the docks. The basements and main floor are used for groceries, except sugars, which are to be found in the office building, also occupied as a sample room for the lines of commodities carried. These latter embrace the purest and freshest of teas, imported direct by the firm ; sugars, coffees, spices, tobaccos, flour, lard, pork, salted meats, produce, and fancy groceries; also lumbermen's supplies, including boots, rubbers, clothing, hard- ware, etc., which latter are kept on the upper floor of the main building. The office building, it may here be said, ia»the most complete in the Valley, being handsomely finished and frescoed, well lighted and ventilated, and divided into sample rooms and public and private offices. They employ a force of thirty salesmen and clerks, one outside man, three travelers, and operate four wagons. As stated, their trade is very large in Bay City and the surrounding country, as also in Northern and North- western Michigan. The members of the firm are enterprising, public-spirited citizens and merchants, and the house has advanced from small beginnings to a position of commanding influence, contributing largely to the commercial success of Bay City, and enjoying a widespread reputation for the purity of its goods and its liberality with the trade to which it ministers. C. E. ROSENBURY. Dealer in Furniture. Stoves and Croekery — Cor. Third aud Washinaton Sts. Iliiilii III II III I ilililiillliiliiilJfhillH I iiii I III III II II I II III iiiiiiii!iiii>f jMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Sometime during the year 1878, C. E. Rosenbury began the business of mer- chandising in a small way, in furniture, stoves, crockery and other implements of household and domestic utility. His commencement was attended by the difficulties and embargoes incident to the inauguration of every worthy enterprise, but he met and disposed of them, and after a not uneventful experience has attained to successful and deserved prosperity. His place of business is at the corner of Third and Washington streets, a point unexceptionally desirable and convenient of access, and in all particulars advant- ageous for purposes of trade. He occupies the main and upper floors of the building, having a frontage of 120 feet on Third street, with an additional frontage of 100 feet on Washington street, handsomely furnished, suitably departmented and heavily stocked. The furniture branch of the establishment is 40x100 feet in its pro- portions, and tilled with full lines of medium and plain wares, of original design and attractive finish, including parlor, chamber and dining-room suites and fixtures. The four remaining stores adjoining, comprehend an area 80x80 feet in dimensions, and are well adapted to a business requiring the exercise of care and judgment in its management. These stores are connected by arched passages, are perfectly lighted, and occupied by the remaining departments, such as the department of china, glass and queensware, mattresses and bedding department, lamp, stove and tinware department, and the department of household utensils, etc., etc., every line of which is adequately stocked. He employs a force of twelve salesmen, clerks and subordi- nates, and ministers to the wants of a large and continually extending trade in the city, as also within a considerable radius, and in the northern portions of the State. Mr. Rosenbury is a practical business man, familiar with the requirements of the trade, and has achieved a recognized success and reputation for his house, through means that commend themselves to emulative enterprise and adoption. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 49 McKINNON MANUFACTURING CO. Koil«>i- :Tlnk«M-H. FoaiulorN aiul llacliiiilnttM— WaliT Hi. bet. Triit li aud F.I<'\oiilh. The nucleus of tbe McKinuon Maunfacturiny Company was fonuded in 1H07, by Johu D. McKinnou, who removed to Bay City from Cleveland, Oljio. in IKOT, and engaged in the manufacture of steam boilers. Soon after, the firm became McKinnon Sc Co., beint: composed of Johu I). McKiiuion, Angus McKinuon and Duncan McKinnou. In iHHi the present company was incorporated with a cjij)ital of 8.">0,00(). Immediately this was accomplished, valuable and extensive improvements were completed, and facilities for the manufacture of boilers, engines, and all kuids of machinery, enlarged and increased. The company's success has bet'ti complete, and it is to-day one of the largest and most influential of its kind in this portion of the State, the range of manufacture including all articles connected with machinery, in addition to being agents for leading establishments in other portions of the country. Their boiler works are located on the docks betweeu Eleventh and Twelfth streeta, the lot being 50xSnO feet in size, and the uuiiu building 5(1x180 feet in dimensions, fully equipped with all the latest machinery for the manufacture of marine, mill and locomotive boilers, including slings for hoisting boats, pumps for cleaning boilers, etc. The machine shops are equally complete in their furuishings and e<}uipment, being provided with large lathes, boring machines, mill drills, heavy punches and auxiliary machinery, adapted to the purpose to which it is applied. The machinery is driven by steam power in all the several departments operated. The foundry occupies a building on Water street, between Tenth aud Eleventh streets, 120x150 feet in dimensions, with pattern shops, blacksmith shops, etc. adjoining, commodious and well appointed, aud in every way provided with appliances and appurtenances to the completion of work with the least delay aud in the most reliable manner. They manufacture every pattern of boiler and machinists' supplies, are agents for Morris Tasker & Co.'s wrought iron pipe and fittings; for James G. Pulling A- Co.'s steam pumps, standard injectors. Eagle lubricators, general line of mill and lx)at supplies, and have a large stock of second-hand boilers aud machinery constantly on baud. They employ a force of one hundred skilled mechanics in the works, and do a large aud increasing business in Bay City and the surrounding country, as also along the lake shore to the North, and upon order, ship boilers to all parts of the country. The present officers are John D. McKinnon, President, and H. D. McKinuon, Secretary; men of practical experience, and maintaining an establishment that takes high rank among the prominent and substantial industries of the State. E. J. O'NEILL. Veterinarian, liivfr.v and Wale Stable— Kleventlil^t. an«l ^% a>>liin;;thone service, the i)lant being located uj)on the main floor of the building, well lighted and ventilated, and supi)lied with ample means of exit for the animals in case of fire. He carries a number of valuable hort^es and fashionable vehicles in this liranch of the business, and his conveniences for the sale aud board- ing of stock are largely patronized. He employs a competent force of assistants, and does a large business locally and within a considerable radius of Bay Citv, J. K. HALL. — SEE OITO^ITE PAGE. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 51 J. R. HALL. Walt and Sliiiitlt' MaiiiifJicturor— 'Woodward Ave. KaHtoTtlio Water WOrkH — KMNexville. Withiu au area ten acres in extent, about one mile in an easterly direction from Bay City, is located the shingle and salt manufactory of J. R. Hall, said to be the largest shingle industry in the Valley, and in every particular one of the most complete and attractive of buildings, modern in constru^'tion and equipment, handsomely located with a splendid river frontago, fine docks and superior shipping facilities, the entire establishment is a model of its kind. Mr. Hall began business in 1870, and for nearly twenty years has progressed and prospered. The shingle mill proper is a commodious structure 1 12x48, witii wing 24x65 feet in dimensions, supplied with all the latest patterns of machinery, including two drag saws for cutting logs into blocks of the required length, one bolting saw, two sap- pers for shaping blocks and six Hall shingle machmes of the largest capacity, with other accessory tools and implements, required in the manufacture of his products. The shingle machines are the invention of Mr. Hall, which for perfection of the work accomplished are the best , in use. The mill machinery is run by a powerful engine of 20x24 inch cylinder, fed from a battery of five large tulnilar boilers, which make steam for salt manufacture, and the annual output aggregates 4n,()00,0(H) shingles and 50,000 sets of heading. The shingles are shipped to Buffalo, Tonawanda and other eastern market supply depots. Mr. Hall also operates three salt wells, each supplied with drill house and pony engine equipments, an extensive salt block or evaporating house; packing and storage departments, with other appurtenances and conveniences, and manufactures 5O,O0J barrels of salt yearly, which are disposed of through the Michigan Salt Association, in which he enjoys tiie privilege of mem- bership. He employs about one hundred hands in his business and the annual returns represent a large valuation. Mr. Hall is a gentleman of enterprise, and keenly alive to the development of Bay City and her material interests, to which his establishment has so largely con- v.ributed. STANDARD HOOP CO. Jliuuifaet lire I'M of Cut and Sawed IIoo|»!-i — Wewt Bay City. 'The manufacture of hoops is an industry conducted in West Bay City with signal advantage to the capital invested and the trade which is supplied. The Standard Hoop Company is a leading establishment in this field of usefulness, and occupies a prominent position. It was organized in July, 188(5. by John M. Kelton, Harrison Miller and Rphraim J. Kelton, whose labors and enterprise have resolved small beginnings into large projjortions, and built up a trade of very considerable magni- tude. The property included in the enter[)rise occupies five acres of ground, with adequate facilitie.s for the manufacture, storage and shipment of the products, and is otherwise adaptive to the uses for which it is employed. The mill is 50x120 feet in size, substantially constructed, and well equipped with machinery and mechanical appliances for rapiil and economical service. The logs are first cut into one and one-half inch boards by an improved band saw, thence conveyed to the steaming vats, to steam the planks, thence to the machine that fashions the rough material into hoops, thence passing through other processes, until finished and ready for the market. The best material only is used, ami every precaution is taken in their manufacture, to the end thiit the articles shall conform to the exacting requirements of the trade, in the matters of strength and dural)ility. Their products are patent coiled elm, barrel and keg hoi>ps. They give employment to thirty live hands, turn out 12.000,0(X) hoops annually, and supply an increasing demand as far west as California, and in the South; also in New York and Pennsylvania. The Messrs. Kelton are natives of New Jersey, and Mr. Miller, of Pennsylvania. They have resided in West Bay City for upward of twenty years, most of that period engciged in the lumber business. They are enter|)ri8ing, public-spirited citizens, and their manufacture has acquired reputation and trade in all portions of the countrv. 52 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. SMALLEY BROS. & CO., VALLEY IRON WORKS. Ulanfrs. Steam Engines, Saw Mill and Salt Works Machinery— :405 Saginaw St. One of the most extensive, best equipped and widely Itnown iron industries in the Saginaw Valley, is the Valley Iron Works, owned and operated by Smalley Bros. & Co. It is a representative enterprise of its kind, and enjoys an extended reputation for the excellence of its products. The works were first established about 1870, by the firm of Smalley Bros. & Catlin, to which the firm of Smalley Bros. & Lewis, sub- sequently succeeded. The latter continued in the management of the concern Tintil 1874, when the present firm, composed of William Smalley, D. C. Smalley and W. T. Smalley was organized, and has since directed operations with results that have given to the works a position of prominence, and a reputation extended and invalu- able. The plant is located at No. 205 Saginaw street, a superior site for the purposes of the business, and occupies a large area of territory convenient to trade centers, and fully equipped for shipping, receiving, and Ihe storage of goods. It includes the machine shop, a building 60x160 feet in dimensions, supplied with boring mill machinery, steam hammers, drills, lathes, planers, key-seating machines, gear cutters, etc. The foundrf , at the rear of the machine shop, is 60x80 feet in size, and equally complete in its equipments. They also have large storehouses adjoining, and in 1888 completed the erection of a four-story white brick building, 60x75 feet in dimen- sions, to be used for office and salesroom purposes, also for the storage of valuable patterns used in the business. Their specialties are salt-well machinery, Oraney's patent mill dog, etc., also building steam engines and saw-mill machinery of every grade and description, and carrying in stock all sizes of engine governors, steam pumps, inspirators and patent boiler injectors, gas pipe and well tubing, brass goods, etc., which are supplied to the trade at prices that compete with those of any similar establishment in the country. They employ a force of from sixty to seventy- THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 53 five operatorB, and do a large busiuess locally, and in the Valley, in addition to responding to demands for certain lines of their products frona all parte of the United States. The members of the firm are men of the largest experience and a thorough under- standing of tlie busiuess, in all its departments and branches, and the facilities enjoyed for supplying engines, null and other macliinery to the trade, entitle the works to the {jromineut and enviable position they now occupy among the industrial interests of the State. fJOHN WELCH. rTTfiTberl.'HniiiirartuiM'r — ^Bet. :Sli(llaiid Mt. ami Itailroad IlriilKe— Went Bay City. r The old "Drake Mill" will always be inseparably entwined with the history of pioneer days in the Saginaw Valley. It was built by J. and S. Drake, brothers, who came here from Canada in 1851, and at once erected the premises, upon a forty acre tract, purchased from the wife of James G. Biruey, now deceased. In 18r)3 they sold it to Kibbee, Whitteniore & Co., by whom it was in turn disjjosed of, and after running the gauntlet of ownership a number of times, was tinally purchased by John Welch, the present proprietor, in IKSl. In the year following, the mill was destroyed by fire, but immediately rebuilt, and running during the winter of the same year. The plant is located on ground in West Bay City, between Midland street and the Michigan Central railroad bridge, and besides being one of the oldest mill sites on the river, is one of the best arranged and appointed, containing booms, commodious piling grounds, fine river frontage and docks, with all neceseary buildings and equipments. The mill is 8l)xl'20 feet in size, supplied with all necessary machinery and devices, that will increase the volume of the output, and operated by steam. It embraces two large circular saws, shot gun steam feed carriage,andotherequiiiments, including an automatic saw tiling apparatus. The engine is of two hundred and fifty horse- power, feii from a battery of five steel boilers, 4x18 feet in dimensions, with seven inch flues each, two boilers in the boom 5x16 feet, eight inch lines each. The logs from which the lumber is cut, are obtained in Northern and Northwestern Michigan, and the output aggregates 18,(J0(),(IU(J feet during each season. His sfecialty is the making of large timbers for railroad sills, etc., ranging frcm 8^x4J inches and 34 feet in length, through vaiious gradations, smaller and larger, as the trade demands. He employs from fifty to sixty hands, and ships his manufacture to the eastern markets. Mr. Welch is an enterprising, energetic citizen, alive to the interests of West Bay City antl the surrounding country, and his milling industry has proved a valuable auxiliary in the promotion of such objects. , : WEST BAY CITY IRONlCO. <'ro^vley A Kainer. l'roiiri«'torj*— .llalii [and Waf«liiii«;loii;'^tM. Mowf Bay flly. The West Bay City Iron Company, a recent aciiuisition to the material interests of the city, whence its name is derived, was established in May, 1>-8S, by Ciiarles Crowley and Charles Kaiser, practical machinists, and familiar with the requirements of the business in which they have embarked, in all the varied departments included within the scope of its operation. They are located at the corner of Main and Wash- ington streets, a site convenient and desirable, where tlu'y occupy premises '25x100 feet in size for workshop purposes, equipped and arranged witli machinery and appliances to secure perfection of work in their liiu- of manufacture. To the rear of this, they have erected a foundry 30x5(1 feet in dimensions, containing all requisite appointments for operations in that department of the enterprise. Though but lately organized, their facilities for handling orders and supplyiug demands made upon the productive capacity of their establishment are complete, and no delay is experienced in filling same. The materials conii)osir.g their products are the best obtainable, and they have already secured a merited reputation for superiority in that connection. They employ ten hands, and are rapidly building up a proBjjerons business in the city and vicinity. 54 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. D. B. PERRY. l>riiKS;>«t and Pliarinacist— Mi*** "•"' I'liariiiJHixtx < cnU'r A \ «'. and AdaiiiN ^t. The druj; and prescription house of Terry Sc Swaby, made up of D. B. Perry and Gnstavns A. Swaby, was orf,'anized in April, 1888. The senior member has been for many years engaged in the same line of business, and still carries on an establishment devoted to jilianna- ceiitlcal purposes at No. lij'J Mid- land street, West Bay City. Else- where will be found an extended notice of bis separate business. Previous to becoming associated with Mr. Perry, Mr. Swaby was in the employ of L. S. Coinans, and latterly with his present i)artner. Tlieir success is assured, and their equipment complete and desirable. They occupy the main door and basement of a building at the cor- ner of Center avenue and Adams street, the premises being 25x100 feet in dimensions, with style in the api)oiutmeuts and furnishings exceptional as they are superior. The store is most eligiljly located, and is exceptionally well stocked, l^he supplies include the purest c[ualities of drugs and chemicals, standard medicinal extracts and preparations, medical appliances, surgical instruments, etc., and the general run of medicaments, and materials adapted to the requirements of the trade. Their specialty is the compounding of prescriptions, in which only superior chemicals are used and in which they exercise extraordinary care and circumspection. They eni()loy the usual staff of clerks, and supply a large local demand. The gentlemen to whose enterprise this recent addition to Bay City's trade resources has been made, are well known and highly esteemed, and each enjoys a reoutation which is, in itself, a guaranty of their etock and fair dealing .YOUNG AMERICAN CLOTHING HOUSE. A. W.'Lew ifiHteiii,' I'loprietor— Rouecli Illork. FifJirninliWater StH. The Young American Clothing House was established in 1870 by Mr. A. W. Lewinstein, and for eighteen years he has not only conducted a successful enterprise, but contributed materially to the advancement of Bay City and the promotion of ita welfare. The premises occupied are 25x80 feet in (limensions, neatly fitted up for the purposes to which they are adapted, and furnished with conveniences requisite to the business. Mr. Lewinstein carries a large and select stock of goods in his line, including men's, youths', boys' and children's reaily-made clothing, the product of P^asteru manufacture, and also deals in gentlemen's furnishing goods, in great variety of every description, embracing ties, colhirs, cuffs, underwear, ho.se, etc.. etc., the selection of which, as also of liis stocks of wearing apparel, he attends to person- ally, visiting the Eastern markets each season for that purpose. He employs a full force of clerks and salesmen, and does a large l>ufiiuess in the city and vicinity. The management «)f the establishment is marke«'ul«>rN in Fiiilay'H Toledo leaser Uoei'—\o. :£!.'{ Xoi-lli J«-nVrHoii Nt. Oue of tlie foremost houses of Bay City, dealing in lager beer, aerateil beverages, etc., and extensively engaged in the manufacture of fine cigars, ih that'of Hoot, "VVilliston A: Co., composed of Carlos E. Root, George A. Williston and. Horace M. Williston. The firm was established in 1S81, and enjoys unsurpassed facilities for supplying tlie trade with the best qualities of goods in the lines wherein it deals. Its success has been large, and the business has been constantly increasing and extending. They are located at No. 213 North Jefferson street, on the main line of the Flint &, Pere Manjuette road, and, in addition to superiority of site, possess shipping conveniences that are not excelled by those lowitK Itroy.. I'roprietorM Xo. H04 Water St., Ihtoux'm <>1east Michigan. They occu|)V the three-story and basement edifice at Xo. H()4 Water street, near Center, a building 2.")x!M) feet in its jjroportions. and known for years as "Leroux's Old Stand," a merchant whom the Messrs. .\blowitz succeeded. The premises are finely located for business purposes, being in the center of that portion of the city reserved to the occupation of commercial and industrial enterpri-es, and arranged and equipped for the convenience of trade and the expeditious transaction of atTairs connected therewitli. They carry a large and full stock of goods in their line, including clothing of the best eastern make, gents' furnisliing goods, trunks, valises, etc., chosen with care in the New York and other eastern markets, and do a corres- pondingly large trade in the city and vicinity, rer«-Xos. lOftS A^ 1007 Xortli Water Nt. Oae of the l;ir>;est and most extensively enyaijed wholesale fjrocery firms in Bay City, is that of Merrill, Fitield k, Co. The business was established in 1871, by (xiietia k Merrill. Five years later, Mr. Eugene Fifield purchased an interest in the concern, and the firm name became Gustin, Merrill Sc Fifield, so continuing until 1885. Meanwhile, in 1883, Mr. Herman Meisel was admitted as a partner. Two years later Mr. Gustin retired, and the present firm was organized, composed of H. P. Merrill, Eugene Fifleli and Herman Meisel. Since 1871, when the firm first started, their accomraodatioas have been reneatetllv enlarged, and their facilities increased in answer to the demands of their trade. Along in 1876, they erected a commodious warehouse to the rear of their store, which was subsequently destroyed by fire, but rebuilt. At that date, and until 1887, they occupied the northern portion (jf the Jennison block, corner of Fifth and North Water streets. Limited accommodations, however, again compelled them to seek more commodious quarters, and they removed, during the Fall of the latter year, to their present site at Nos. 1005 k. 1007 North Water streat, a location uusurpasseJ. The premises occupied consist of a two-story brick building, having a frontage of fifty-five feet on Water street, with a depth of one hundred feet to a warehouse, two stories high, -iOxGO feet in dimensions, and fronting upon the docks, in addition to which the M. C. R. R. Co. have recently built for them an elevator with a capacity of 100,000 bushels of grain, which they occupy in connection with another warehouse, 100.x60 feet in dimensions. The store is fur- nished with an improved elevator system, is well lighted and ventilated, and contains all modern improvements and conveniences for the display, sale, shipment and storage of stock, or the transaction of business. J They carry heavy stocks of groceries, staple and fancy, also grocers' sundries, and pay special attention to the selection of teas, sugars and coffees, obtaining same from first, hands, and exercising unusual care in the selection of the purest and freshest of these commodities. Their lines of fancy groceries embrace delicacies and substan- tials, canned and potted meats, fruits and preserves, sauces, pickles, etc., etc., tobacco, cigars, flour, pork, salt meats; lumbermen's supplies, etc., being also included on their lists, and sold to the trade upon the most liberal terms, and at the lowest prices. They are also extensive manufacturers of spices and baking powder; their products enjoying an established and wide-spread reputation for purity and superiority of materials. They employ a force of seventeen clerks, salesmen and assistants, also three traveling men, and do a very large business in Northern and Northwestern Michigan, in addition to a heavy trade in Bay City and throughout the luml)er regions. The house is a model of its kind in the Northwest, directed by men who combine enterprise and business ability, and whose operations have been characterized by liberality and business methoils, that have securetl the confidence of a large and steadily increasing patronage. In addition to their |)reseut investment they own and direct the Hapsburg stock farm. This latter is a tract of one hundred and sixty acres, located in Monitor township. Bay County, and until 18S5 was used for agricul- tural purposes. In the latter year, however, Messrs. Merrill and Fitield purchased a herd of Herefords, and in December of the same year imported a herd of ten. of a similar breed, from England. They own the celebrated Clarence (J rove, (0.700); imported Tom Wilton. (O.Hii); Lovely 2d. (2,107), one of the best cows of tiie Hereford strain; Greenhorn .'ith and others of the same breed, and have, with their herds, taken first prize at the Northeastern, Northwestern, and other fairs in Michigan and the adjoining States, where they have been entered. In this undertaking tliey have met with the most gratifying success, and their efforts for the promotion of stock- raising, have commended the firm to universal approval. 60 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. WATSON BROS. & TOSSELL. Pluiubers, Is^teani and (Sas-Fitters— Xo. 831 A^ortli Water St. The plumbing house of Watson Bros. & Tossell was established in 188i. The firm is composed of Robert S. Watson, Benjamin J. Watson and John P. Tossell. It is a thoroughly reliable concern, among the leading houses in its line in the city, and its work of sanitary plumbing cannot be excelled by any similar establishment. The firm occupies a leading position in the column of Bay City's industrial factors, and the reputation enjoyed, both as to stock carried, and services rendered, is as extended as it is deserved and valu- able. They carry on business at No. 821 North Water street, in premises con- tained in a two-story building, but are preparing, owing to the requirements of the trade, to take possession of larger and more eligible accommodations, on the same thoroughfare as that upon which they are at present located. Their stock includes everything in the line of plumbers', steam and gas-fitters' mate- rials, and their line of work embraces everything to which their art can be applied, such as sanitary plumbing, gas and steam-fitting, connectmg sewerage pipes, etc. They also manufacture Watson's steam heater (their own patent), are manufac- turers' agents for the Auburn stea m heater, and carry full Hues of heaters of the McGee, Symonds and other patterns. They are prepared to furnish estimates, and undertake contracts for the execution of work in their several departments, in this connection having completed large jobs at Ludington, Alpena and at other points in the State. Duriijg 1888, they held a large number of prominent contracts in temporary abey- ance, owing to the difficulty experienced in obtaining the class of men required in the work, the firm declining to employ any but the most experienced and skillful. Owing also to this cause, but fifteen were on the pay-roll of the firm in the summer of 1888. All members of the firm are practical artisans, and all jobs are personally supervised by one of them, thus affording evidence not only of their care and diligence as producers, but a guaranty to customers of absolute perfection of work. Their trade is in the city and State. Individually the members of the firm are held in high esteem by the community, and their continued growth and prosperity seem assured.:^ C. H. BRADLEY MOO. L4'al«'rM in Furiiituro. IpliolNtrrint;. i-tr >\ a*«liiiiUl<>ii and Adanix. <'«'nf«'r St. bet. The furniture and npliolsteriny iioiist- of See Brothers, was established in 18S(>, by James A. See and John A. See, and has ^rowu to be one of the largest and most conspicuous of any enterprise of its kind in this [jortiou of the State. The brothers are go ahead, enterprising men, and have secured an enviable reputation and a sub- stantial success in the management aqd direction of their large establishment. They are located in Shearer's new block. Center street, between Washington and Adams streets, a "coign of vantage," so to speak, unsurpassed for business purposes. The {)reniises consist of thirteen spacious floors, giving an area of HO.OOO square feet tloor room— being the whole of a four-story building, and the three ujjper (ioors of each of the three adjoining buildings. Each floor is a department in itself, stocked with full lines of the commodities carried, easy of access by means of the improved elevator service employed, and handsomely and con- %-eniently adapted to special uses. The first floor is aj)proi)riated to the display of very elegant lines of bed-room suites and fancy articles; the second floor— covering four stores to a superb exposition of 66 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. ingrain, Brussels, velvet and Moquet car- pets and rugs, and where the stock is as large ami varied as that of any establish- ment, dealing exclusively in those goods. The third floor — also covering four stores — is in part occupied with artistic, high class, and medium bed-room sets in mahogany, panel oak, walnut, cherry, maple and other choice woods, where also are to be found fancy tables, chairs, book-cases, davenports, brackets, etc.; the remaining space on this floor to the display of their magnificent upholstery. Here may be viewed drawing- room and parlor suites, occasional chairs and divans, etc., of the rarest woods, and elegant designs, upholstered in rep, velvet, brocaded silk and satin, the upholstering of which is done by the firm. Here also are to be seen sideboards, etageres, escritoires, hall stands, brackets, knick-knacks, etc., in the latest designs and bewildering varieties. The fourth floors are used for upholstering and finishing, and as the store room for a large surplus of medium grades of upholstered goods. A large and varied line of baby carriages are also kept. This house is the largest of its description in the Valley, giving employment to from fifteen to twenty-five skilled workmen, and doing a large trade in the city and the tributary country. The firm members possess the confidence of the trade and the commercial com- munity. The house is representative of its class in the State, and the large trade enjoyed is the natural result of the superior advantages offered purchasers in price and products. W. S. GILMORE. Personal Security Bank— Ko. 817 Xortli Water St. The Personal Security Bank was established by W. L. Root, in 1874. and in September, 1887, he disposed of his interest to W. S. Gilmore, who has since directed the management with ability and liberahty. Its line of operations includes the dis- counting of paper, advances upon mortgages, lauds, farms, farm stock, logs, lumber, collaterals of market value, and personal security. The business has steadily increased in volume, and is characterized by fair dealing and honorable business methods. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. C7 PRATT & KOEPPE. Archit<>«-tM and Mii|u'riiil«-iit Koeppe, made up of Leverett A. I'ratt and Walter Koeppe. Mr. Pratt has enjoyed a professional e.xperieuce of nearly twenty years, and Mr. Koeppe twelve years' experience amou|^ the craft, and both have designed and super- intended the erection of some of the most notable business and residence structures in the State. The present partnership was organized in 18H0. and since that date, they have been constantly occupied in the application of their art to the constrnction and remodelling of edifices, paying special attention to ecclesiastical and school architecture. Among the buildings tliey planned and directed erection or remodel- ling of, is the St. James Roman Catholic church, the Industrial Works block, the Warren, Averill, Concordia, Miller, Eickmeyer and other public buildings; also every public school edifice in Bay City, with one exception, with very many private resi- dences here and elsewhere. Their work during the season of 1888 embraced the Smalley Brothers' and W. II. Miller Sc Co.'s new warehouses on Saginaw street, the residences of Mr. Cheseboro, W. L. Clements, L. Goechel, O. A. Watrous, George Lewis, II. C. Hitchcock and others; the Farragut and Fremont avenue school build- ings, all in Bay City; the residence of the Hon. S. O. Fisher, the finest in this dis- trict, and the Kolb school in West Bay City; the court house, sheriff's residence and jail, the Roman Catholic church, and two fine residences at West Branch; three school buildings, the opera house and Baptist church at Midland; hotel, store block and Catholic church at (iladwin; Roman Catholic churches at Essexville, Alpena, Merrill and Mount Holly; town-hall at Metamora; court house at Mio, school building at Sterling, large warehouse at Columbiaville, and many smaller buildings, etc. They possess the highest order of abilities and are familiar with the requirements of every school of design, bringing to their professional aid not only these but other qualities of excellence. They are located in suite five, Bank building, Center avenue, and respond to applications for services from all parts of the State. HULL & TILTON. DruKSi^^tN and IMiarniaoistH— \o. 40!8 Center Ave.— Proscriptions a Speoialty. The drug house of Hull & Tilton, though a recent acquisition to the commercial interests of Bay Citv, is daily growing in importance and tiiiaucial prosperity, carry- ing a large stock and covering, in its transactions, a wide growing demand. C. W. Hull, the senior partner, had up to March, 1888, been in the employ of L. S. Coman; while B. E. Tilton had up to the same time been associated with the firm of Mason .V: Beach, both representative and prominent drug houses of Bay City. At the date last mentioned, liowever, Hull it Tilton began business for themselves, and estab- lished the present firm, which is rapidly increasing its trade as a result of the superior selection of stock, the prices asked and the equity and accuracy attending the transaction of business. They occupy the main lloor and basement at_ No. 402 Center avenue, a location unsurpassed for mercantile purposes, fronting "25 feet on the avenue, with a depth of 100 feet, handsomely fitted up. and arranged in a manner especially attractive, at the same time with commemlable regard to the requirements and conveniences of the trade. They carry large and complete stocks of every com- modity catalogued on the invoice of druggists' supplies, embracing drugs, chemicals and druggists' sundries, surgical instruments and appliances of the best make, choice perfumery and toilet articles, homn'opathic medicines, specially sui)erior wines and cordials for medicinal uses, and the bric-a-brac and delicate textured notions, sucli as soaps, brushes, pomailes, etc., kept in first-class establishments of the kind. They also deal largely in cigars of the choicest imported, Key West and domestic brands. Their specialty is the compounding of pre.scriptions. which are prepared with the greatest care and from the purest materials. They emplov a staff of thoroughly competent assistants, and do a high-class trade with residents of Bay City and vicinity, as also among transients. The members of the firm are experienced chemists, and the outlook for business is in the last degree encouraging. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 69 M. GARLAND, Mtandard Mm<-iiiii4'r.> WorkM ami .Hill HuppI.V lloiiHe— Xo. 711 Wator Nt. The Standard ^lacbinery Works and Mill Supply Hou8e is a consolidation of two large enterprises. Mr. M. Garland established the mill supply business in 1876, and has recently secured exclusive ownership of the Standard Machinery Works, com- bining the two enterprises in one establishment, and greatly augmenting the facilities for 8npi)lying a large and rapidly increasing trade. He is a practical engineer and machinist, and possesses an inventive genius, that, during his career, has found fre- quent expression in the discovery of mechanical aids and appliances, that enhanced in value with years, and with the years have come into general use. When but a boy of twelve, he was the responsible engineer in his father's saw-mill, and the ability he has since displayed in the field of mechanics, doubtless received its tirst impetus from the experience acquired at the primitive backwoods enterprise of a former gener- ation. From 1870 to 1885, the firm of Emery & Garland controlled the works, .since when Mr. Garland has directed their operations, assisted by his son,' Henry W. Oarland, who has inherited in no small degree the genius and practical business ability possessed by the father, and who has charge of the office affairs of the con- cern, and looks after its financial interests. The machine shop is located at the corner of Twenty-sixth and Water streets, in a substantially constructed building, two stories high and 60x100 feet in proportions, antl furnished with all the latest tools and machinery, many of which are his own invention, re(iuisite to the business conducted. His line of manufacture embraces everything known to the domain of special machinery or labor-saving devices used in saw-mills, planing mills, box factories and other industrial establishments, oper- ated either by steam or water power. They include Garland's improved saw-dust and fuel feeder. Garland's improved slab and edging cutter, Garland's patent steam log deck. Garland's live roll lumber trimmer, Garland's patent cable power transmission, and conveyers for conveying saw-dust, coal, iron, grain, etc., Kline's steam log roller and steam power cutting saw, the Eureka combined gang bolter and lath mill, stave and heading machinery, etc. He is also agent for the machinery of E. P. Allis k Co., and Filer, Stowell iii|;er Ale. Pop aii«l 4'i«l«'r \«». M\7 FirHt St. A leading establishment, engaged in the exclusive manufacture of this line of products, is that of A. Tronil)ley, who began the business in 1876, and for upward of twelve years has enjoyed an uninterrupted prosperity. He is located at Xo. .")07 First street, corner of Jefferson, in i)reniise8 two stories high and 'jr)x80 feet in dimensions. His equipment embraces a complete outfit of I). PulTer A- Sons' machinery and appliances, for the making of the choicest quality of goods in his line, and he has completed arrangements for the introduction of steam apparatus, for the manufac- ture of mineral waters, which are now made by hand. He employs a staff of assist- ants and two wagons, to meet the demands of a trade that is large and increasing, in Bay City and the surrounding country. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. HAWLEY & FITZGERALD. "Wholesale and Retail Dry CioodH and Carpets— Xos. 312 and 314 Center St. -Hitr i-' '». . ' i 111 ^ '^ s. ^ The wholesale and retail dry goods house of Hawley & Fitzgerald is the oldest in its line in Bay City, and one of the most prosperous and ably managed in the State, owning and directing, in addition to the business here, branch establishments at Alpena and Oscota. The foundation for the present large enterprise was laid by Mr. C. R. Hawley in 1865, in this city, where he managed his investments and controlled affairs, with annually increasing success, for a period of eighteen years. In 1883, the present firm, composed of C. R. Hawley, B. M. Hawley and J. W. Fitzgerald, was organized. They occupy the handsome three-story and basement stone-front building at Nos. 312 and 314 Center street, the most fashionable promenade in the city, and unsurpassed as a business location. In addition to this, the building is otherwise advantageous, being 50x120 feet in dimensions, and handsomely and conveniently appointed and arranged, for sales and display purposes. The stocks carried are heavy, embracing full and complete lines of linens, domestics, prints, dress goods, in silk, velvet and satin; embroideries, laces, gloves, hose, shawls, coats, cloaks, ladies' furnishings, notions, nick-nacks, toilet articles, bijouterie, etc., etc., in great variety, and of the best qualities. They have also a dressmaking department connected with the store proper, wherein twenty hands are employed, and where the most fashionable garments are made, under the direction of an accomplished lady tailor, equaling in cut, style, make and trimmings, the exquisite productions of the most artistic purveyor in this special line. They also employ a force of twenty clerks and salesmen, in addition to the staffs employed at Alpena and Oscota, which are severally managed, by J. W. Fitzgerald at the former, and N. G. McPhee at the latter city. They do a large business in Bay City and vicinity, with a considerable jobbing business in Northern and Northwestern Michigan. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. McCASKILL, TROMBLEY & BROWN. l>eal4TM ill l*iii«>. IIuimIwimmI liUiiilMT and £iOgN^\'o. 700 Xortii W'utor Hi. Among the promineut concerns thiit have contributed in no small degree to building up and promoting the manufacture, particularly of hardwood lumber, none occupy a more enviable position than the firm of McCaskill, Trombley and Brown, composed of T. McCaskill, D. H. Trombley and C. T. Brown. The firm was organized in 1886 and, brought to the consummation of its objects, a thorough know- ledge of the business upon which it had entered, large capital and familiarity with the trade which it supplies. They have met with an abundant success, and have materially aided to swell the trade in lumber products from the Saginaw Valley. Their logs are purch.'ised by agents of the tirm, owners of stumpage grounds, the latter delivering the purchases at convenient mills, where they are cut and thence shipped to the order of the firm, to points east and south. They also sell logs to mills that are without stock, or purchase logs from owners without mill facilities, and contract witli such mills to saw the same. Their operations are of a very extensive character, involving the entire seasons out of many mills and indirectly furnishing employment to a correspondingly large force of hands, clerks and assist- ants. They are located at No. 709 North Water street and make a specialty of hard- wood lumber adapted to the furniture and car trade, though handling very large quantities of pine lumber, which are shipped to the eastern markets, the hardwood being disposed of to factories west and south. During the season of 1888, they dis- posed of about 8,000,000 feet of this latter commodity, besides contracting for the deliverv of even larger amounts for 1889, one contract alone including the delivery of 5,00(5,000 feet and upwards. Their business, especially that of making Bay City a source of supply for hard- wood lumber, is steadily increasing and extending, and the firm is more extensively operating in the development of the latter than any other house similarly engaged in Bay City. They are enterprising, energetic, representative men and well deserve the large measure of success which attends their efforts. H. E. MEEKER & CO. Wholesale and Retail <» lUK-erieoi and Provisionoi— UJOC and lOOH li^'aterWt. One of the long established and prosperous commercial houses in Bay City, is the wholesale grocery establishment of H. E. Meeker ifc Co. A house that is old without bearing marks of decay, progressive in its policy, liberal in its dealings, enterprising in its management and successful in its career, it occupies a front rank in mercantile circles, and an enviable position in the domain of trade. The business was founded in 1872, under the firm name of Meeker & Adams, which remained unchanged until the Spring of 1887. when Mr. Adams retired, and S. F. (Jreenizan purchasing his interest, the present tirm was organized. At the same time, the premises occupied were reconstructed, improved and enlarged, furnished with an entirely new and fresh stock of goods, and supj)lied with every convenience and auxiliary that would facilitate the dispatch of business, or contribute to the re<]uirements of the trade. They are located at Nos. 1006 and 1008 Water street, in two-story and basement premises, 60x100 feet in dimensions, occupying in addition, the commodious basements of the stores adjoining, which are used for storage and warehouse purposes. The main sales-room is handsomely appointed, having very much the apjiearance of an "Italian warehouse," as was recently remarked by a competent critic, so profu.se is the display there of potted meats, preserved fruits, delicacies, etc. The stock carried includes all lines of staple and fancy groceries, condiments, preserves, fruits, jirovi- sions, etc., in varied antl complete assortment, the firm also handling orders for boat and lumber supplies, having special arrangements for promi)tly and satisfactorily tilling same. They employ a force of twelve courteous assistants, operate three wagons, and supply a large local demand, in addition to serving an extentive jobbing trade in the northern and northwestern portions of the State. The individual composition of the firm are men of enterprise and practical experi- ence, and the manner in which the business is conducted has inspired contidence among a large and valuable constituency. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. HITCHCOCK & BIALY, Manufacturers Band iSawed Pine and IIardi;\ ood JLuniber— 2412 South M^ater. What is known as tlie finest band mill in the Valley, is owned and operated by the firm of Hitchcock & Bialy. It is also one of the oldest mills in the city, having been established in 1852 by H. D. Braddock & Co., for the purpose of supplying the demands of that period with ship timber. During the years immediately ensuing, the concern passed through a varied experience, its management was several times changed, and the plant several times rebuilt. In 1867, Mr. Hitchcock, of the present firm, succeeded to the ownership, and in 1872 the firm of Hitchcock it Ingraham was organized, so continuing until 1876, when through the death of Mr. Ingraham the firm was dissolved, Mr. Hitchcock continuing the business as sole owner from that time until 1885, when the firm of Hitchcock & Bialy was established. During 1886 it was supplied with band saw appurtenances, and as stated, enjoys the reputation of the finest band mill in the Valley. 4_ |— 1 t ^J '•ipfSJiwij The saw-mill is a commodious structure 150x100 feet in size, and furnished with a full and valuable line of machinery, adapted to the requirements of the manu- facture, which includes band and circular saws and steam feeds, which, with other mechanical devices and labor-saving appliances, are driven by two powerful engines of eighty-five and one hundred horse-power, respectively, fed by four steel tubular boilers, each four by twenty-two feet in dimensions. The value of the band saw consists in the capacity it possesses of turning out a greater product per log than either the gang or circular saw, its blade being so fine that very little waste of material attends its operation. The result is that the band saw is gradually taking the place of other patterns, and where both are used the choice logs from which fine lumber is obtained go to the band saw. Its value, if only as a device for the pro- motion of economy, cannot be too highly estimated, and the precedent established by Hitchcock & Bialy in its general adoption, must in a brief time be adopted almost universally. The capacity of the mill is stated at 12,000,000 feet of lumber and 3,000,000 of lath, affording employment to a force of sixty hands and six teams, and supplying an extensive and rapidly increasing and extending demand throughout Michigan and the eastern states. The firm also conduct logging operations during the winter, and give employment to sixty men in that branch of the business. The members of the firm are men whose enterprise and business methods are too well known and too highly esteemed to require comment. The reputation of the enterprise and its product is as substantial as it is deserved. J. E. BASSINGWAITE & CO. Lna Line l>o«k. Foot or Fifth !Ht. The facilitien for tranfl- portation by water enjfjyed by the iJay CitieH, are in no Hmall meaaiire entitled to pre<^;ef the line are among the oldest in the business. Captain Cole having been [(rf)prietor of the first line of steamers to ply Vjetween the liay Cities and the 8aginaws, while fyajttain Holt has been equally prominent and influential in marine circles. The company's docks are at the foot of Fifth street, and the business is managed by .\. H. Lee, to whose efforts the popularity of the line has been enhanced and extended. A force of sixty hands are employed in the management of the steamers. BAY CITY STEAM BOTTLING WORKS. H. I>ittiiuer -Corner Fourth anil Wator HIm. One of the oldest establishments in the Valley, devoted to the sale of importetl wines, liquors and oigars, is the Bay City Steam Bottling Works, owned and conducted by Mr. S. Littauer. by whom it was founded in IHfj."), being ai.so known to the trade as the " liodega." He is located at the corner f)f Ff)urth and Water streets, the premises occupied having a frontage of 2.'> feet on Water street, with a depth of 120 feet on Fourth street, a site for commercial purposes iinsurpaHsed, and equipped with every convenience and facility for the display of goods and the transaction of business. The stock carried is large and varied, including the choicest brands of liqueurs, cordials, brandies, wines and whiskies. In addition, he carries a full line of imported Havana cigars; also Key West and other domestic manufactures, both in cigars and tolly located at No. 710 Washington street, opposite the postoflice, in the business center of the city, and carry heavy and complete lines of goods adapted to the trade. They occupy the main floor and basement of the buildmg, commodious quarters, 2.0x100 feet in dimeDsions, arranged, convenienced and e feet, and equally convenienced and adapted to the line of work carried on therein. His range of manufacture embraces every description of vehicle, including carriages, buggies, trotting wagons, skeletons, sulkies, democrats, as also conveyances for work in the lumber camjis and on tiie farm. He also does repairing of every kind con- nected with blacksniitliing and horseshoeing, and in the latter branch uses ouly hand-made shoes and other products of the latest design. Mr. Newcombe is a man of indefatigable enterprise, and is concluding arrangements for the extension of his field of operations, and an increase of his facilities and output. When such arrange- ments are consummated, he will keep on hand a full stock of carriages, etc., and so equipped as that he will be able to materially promote their manufacture. He employs a full staff of competent mechanics, and does a large and steadily increasing trade among a class of patrons who demand the quality of materials Mr. Newcombe uses in his products. THE IXDl'STEIES OF THE BAY CITIES. BAY CITY BANK. 1 apiCit and ^iurplus. !i«;J«HMHM> Xo. riOO C'oiitor Avo. The Bay City r>auU, rooojjnizeii as a substan- tial and reliable baukinjj institntiou, with methods eouservntive and credit of the highest oharaeter, was organized iu 1871, with a capital stock of Sall.OOO ; (leorjje Lewis, President, and Cieorjje II. Yonufir, Cashier. In 1S83, Air. Lewis was sncceeded by William Peter, the present incumbent of the presidency, w h i o h has been t h e only chanjjfe nuuie in the person iit'l of the bank othcers since its incorporatii>n. In July, ISTo. the capital stock was nicreased to^lOD.HOO, aijain to SlfHltHH). and at the close of the tiscal year ending; .Tidy '2, 1S8S, was stated, with accrued sur- plus, at $-:00.0l)0. and deposits amountinjij to nearly StU'iD.dOO. The premises occupied are handsome, commo- dious and convenient to the business center of the city, beiui: located at No. 200 Center avenue, and equipped with appli- ances and facilities for the safe-keepiufj: of the funds and the transac- tion of business. They do a general bankin>; business, discount and deposit, the makinjj of collections at low rates, the iHirchase and sale of foreiijn and domestic exchangre. etc. There is also a savinjis department, otferim: superior induce- ments to the thrifty and industrious to lay up. in small deposits, sums that will eventually agj^reijate lari.'e amounts. This branch of the business is largely patronized, and interest is paid upon such deposits at the rate of four per cent, per annum. The bank has correspondents with financial institutions in all leadiujjr cities, and does a large business in Bay City and the surrounding country. The present directors are: William Peter, George Young, (leorge H. Y'oung, Isaac Marston. George Lewis. A. McDonnell and J. Went worth. They are all well known and substantial representatives of manufacturing, commercial and tinaucial circles of Bay City, and direct the affairs of a bank, than which no similar institu- tion offers superior facilities for the convenient prosecution of financial business. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 77 P. C. FLOETER &l CO. Ar<-liit«-<-tn \o. IH .Muii|;<-r Buildlne* Outer niid HauiiiaM HtM. Tlje archiW;tiire of a city in the evidence of itw (growth and development, and to no one profeHBion in a city more Babetantially indebted for its HiicceBH than to the architect. In the poHHeHHion of artinta in this line of buflineBS, Jiay City is specially fortunate, and amonjf the leadinjj and difitinKniflhed firms thus en(;a(;ed ib the firm of P. C Floeter A: Co., composed of P. C. P'loeter and William Kauffman. They are (gentlemen of eminent abilities, whose BerviceB have been enlisted in the desi^^ning of edifices of remarkable proportions and exceptional finish, here and elsewhere. The firm was established in 1^82, Bucceeding to the business of Watkins, Hidden ic Arnold, and from the commencement of their career, furniehiuf^ plans that have met instant and commendable approval. They occupy a handsome suite of offices at No. 18 Manger block, corner of Center and Haginaw streets, where they carry on the business in all its details, and where a full staff of accomplished draughtsmen are constantly engaged in putting into form their artistic architectural conceptions. Notable among the buildings they designed, and which have been erected in Bay City under their personal supervision are: The Griswold h»uilding, the new Methodist church, the Episcopal church, Harmon ry <>oodH, Curtain and Curtain FixtureH. Ktc. \\>nt l{n.\ i'ity. One of the largest retail dry goods bouses in West Bay City, is owned and directed by Aug. .T. Bothe k Co. The firm is composed of Aug. .J. Bothe, .James Seed and .J. Frank Eddy. Mr. Bothe is one of the oldest dry goods men in this vicinity, having been identified with the trade in Bay City since 180^, and a successful merchant dur- ing all the years that have passed since that period. Mr. Seed is the senior partner in the dry goods house of James Seed k Co., at Nos. 404 and ■100 Center avenue. Bay City; it was organized in December, 1887, and at once entered upon a prosperous career. They occupy premises 2.")xl00 feet in dimensions, in the Fisher block, on Midland street. West Bay City, adjoining the postoffice, a location than which none can be more desirable or accessible, equipped and fitted up with every convenience or appurtenance designed to adequately display their stock, or facilitate the accom- modation of the trade. Their range of stock embraces the latest and most fashion- able varieties, imported and domestic, purchased in New York every season, by Mr. Seed, who attends personally to their selection, and in such large invoices that the trade is enabled to avail itself of the inducements as to prices thus offered. Their specialty is curtains and curtain fixtures. Tiieir stock includes staple and fancy dr>- goods, silks, satins, velvets, laces, embroideries and novelties, shawls, coats, sacques. ladies' umbrellas and parasols, notions and nick-nacks, etc. They employ a full staff of competent and obliging clerks and salesmen, and do a large and annually increas- ing trade in West Bay City, and vicinity. The establishment of this house is characteristic of the enterprise of the gentle- men composing the firm, and its large business is an appropriate recognition of public spirit and commercial worth. 18 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. COMMERCIAL BANK. Trail sactiiigf a dJeiieral Banking Business— ^Vater St. Foot of Center Ave. A substantial fiuancial system is the true basis of prosperity in all the depart- ments of commerce, manufactures or trade, directly or otherwise. Its presence promotes trade, protects industries, conserves commercial endeavor and adds to the public welfare and prosperity. Bay City is most fortunately equipped in this particular, having a number of institutions, the objects of which are to care for money or trusts confided to their custody, and enjoying reputations for integrity, business sagacity and large resources. Among the leading establishments of the kind here, is the Commercial Bank, which was incorporated August 15, 1887, with a capital of .^100,000, and, according to its last annual report dated July 2, 1888, had a surplus fund of S5,0,.0, with deposits approximating S150,000. The bank is located on Water street, at the foot of Center avenue, in fine banking premises 25x100 feet in dimensions. A general banking business is transacted, special attention being paid to collections, which are promptly remitted at low rates, those made in West Bay City and East and West Saginaw, at Bay City rates; buying and selling foreign exchange, and accepting the accounts of banks, bankers, merchants and citizens. In conjunction with the regular business, the Commercial also possesses safety deposit vaults, built by the celebrated Hall Safe and Lock Co., fitted with time locks and all the latest improvements, and absolutely burglar and fire proof. They contain a total of one hundred and three boxes of various sizes, renting at from three to eight dollars per annum, and though, for the accommodation of public patronage, are mostly occupied by the bank's customers for the safe deposit of bonds, deeds, silverware, jewelry and other valuable property. The present officers are H. N. Watrous, President; C. C. Whitney, Vice-President; and W. O. Clift, Cashier; with a Board of Directors composed of the following well known capitalists, merchants and manufacturers of Bay City: H. N. Watrous, C. 0. Whitney, E. Y. WiUiams. G. K. Jackson, W. H. Miller, C. R. Hawley, C. B. Chatfield, J. R. Hall and T. A. E. Weadock. The Executive Board is composed of gentlemen of experience, who manage the affairs of the bank liberally yet judiciously, and who have contributed in a marked degree to the success it has obtained, and the confidence and respect it has inspired in the community, to whose service it is devoted. BENNETT & WALTER LUMBER COMMISSION l>ealers in fiuniber and Liogs— Xo. 409 Pliteiiix Block. The Bennett & Walter Lumber Commission firm is composed of G. F. Bennett and W. P. Walter. Both are enterprising, experienced, progressive, young men. They have been identified with the lumber industries of the Valley for many years. Prior to the retirement of T. H. McGraw & Co. from the lumber business, they were engaged with that corporation, Mr. Bennett having had charge of their yards for twenty years. They embarked in business for themselves in the Spring of 1888, and organized the Lumber Commission, which has since been managed under their firm name. They are versed in the details of their occupation, and familiar with the requirements af the trade, prompt in the execution of orders, and their transactions are characterized by the most honorable methods. They buy lumber and logs on commission and upon their own account, selling and delivering same from docks or booms where purchased, thereby saving cost of handling and transportation and the expense incident to the maintenance of yard room, etc. Their shipments are to eastern orders, chiefly in New York and Ohio, and their facilities are so complete and available that they are accumulating a business of large proportions. They have correspondents at all the leading depots of supply north and northwest, thus being always cognizant of the condition of the whole Michigan and Wisconsin market, both as to stock and prices. The firm is one of the most active and influential in building up and extending the benefits of Bay City lumber interests. Branch offices will be established north by them the coming year, and the firm proposes to materially increase its facilities for handling by addition to working force and general broadening of their field of operation. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE HA)' CITIES. T9 SHEARER BROTHERS. Ileal Kstute— Xo. H»U AtlaniN St., KirHt Floor. Shearer Itro.oi.' Itloek. That transiictious in real estate at Bay City and vicinity have for a numl)er of years been steadily ou the increase, is a fact noticeable to the most casnal observer. Tlie part real estate owners and ayf'nts have taken in tlie promotion of this condition of affairs, must not be nuder-estimated, as it has been of no inconsiderable import ance. One of the oldest firms engaged in this line of business, and one of the most prominent, is that of Shearer Brothers. In about 1H7S, tlie firm was known as James Shearer \' Sons. Ten years later, however, the senior member withdrew from all active business, and the tirm was then known as Shearer Bros., and consisted of G. Henry Sliearer, James B. Shearer and Chauncey H. Shearer. In 1H84, Chauncey H. Shearer withdrew from the tirm to accept the position of teller in the Bay County Savings Bank, and from that date, G. Henry Shearer and James B. Shearer have conducted their large and prosperous business. They are located m a handsome suite of offices on the main Hoor of the Shearer Brothers' Block, No. 809 Adams street, neatly appointed; and in addition to desir- ableness of location, supplied with every facility and convenience for business purposes. Their specialty is the handling of real estate of all kinds, the selling or exchanging of city property, pine and farming lands, etc., the collection of rents, the placing of insurance, the payment of taxes, the furnishing of abstracts of title, and the discharge of other trusts connected with the business, for clients. They are among the largest realty owners in the city, including on their list of holdings, the Shearer block, located on Center avenue and Water street, also the Central and Shearer Brothers' blocks, extending from Washington avenue to Adams street, ou Center avenue, being four stories high, containing ten stores, and gener- ally one of the finest structures in the Saginaw Valley, with other improvements in the way of public buildings, and for residence purposes e0(),OtT<) feet of lumber. 900.000 pieces of staves, .'jO.OOO sets of heading and 3(',0l»0 l)arrels of salt. Tlie lumber is disposed of principally to dealers in liiifTalo. Tonawanda and elsewhere at the East, the salt being .'^old through the Michigan Salt Association, of whidi the firm are members. They employ a large force of men, and their annual business aggregates largely in value. The meml)ers of the firm are thoroughly practical and experienced lumber manu- facturers, and their success is the result of tlie superiority of their j)roducts, and the honorable business methods they employ in their dealings with the trade. 80 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. THE MICHIGAN PIPE COMPANY, Henry B. Smitli, Secretary and Treasurer— Manfrs. of Water Pipe and Steam Pipe Casing^— Liord and Henry Sts. A leading industry carried on in Bay City is the manufacture of water pipe and Bteam pipe casing by the Michigan Pipe Company. Its products are in universal use in many of the leading cities of the country, and have acquired an extended and deserved reputation for economy, utility and durability. This company is the out- growth of the Northwestern Pipe Company, a corporation organized in 1871 by Chicago manufacturers. After some changes in proprietorship, the Michigan Pipe Company was organized in 1881, with a paid-up capital of S100,000, and became own- ers of the plant. The works occupy an area of territory several acres in extent at the corner of Lord and Henry streets, having a large river frontage and connected with the Flint & Pere Marquette and Michigan Central roads, by which unsurpassed facilities for shipping by rail and water are obtained. They are also supplied with abundant dockage and boom conveniences, and in addition to their regular line of manufacture engage exten- sively in the manufacture of salt, their annual product aggregating 20,000 barrels. The works are completely and perfectly equipped with the latest improved machinery and appliances, including large boring apparatus, with hollow augers ranging in diameter from two to sixteen inches, the core from the larger pipes being re-bored for the manufacture of smaller pipes, with powerful turning lathes and machines for banding, testing and morticing pipe. The pipe is made in sections, each about eight feet long, from white pine logs first bored with an auger. The bark and sap wood being removed by a turning lathe, the pipe is placed in a drying room, whence it is taken after being properly seasoned and bound spirally with hoop iron, pressed on tightly by steam power, the chambers of the joints made stronger than any other THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. part of the pipe. Before npplyinp the iron the latter is coated with soft asphaltnin. The joints are then made, tlie thimble or couuet-tint,' piece, eijifht inches lonp, of sea- soned timber about an ei^fhth of an inch Uir^er in diameter than tlie mortice of the pipe, so that it must be compressed wlieu the sections are driven together, making a I)erfectly tight joint witliout packing of any kind. It is then subjected to a hydraulic pressure as high as 250 pounds to the square inch, after whicli the |)ipe is given a heavy coat of asphaltum cement, to prevent corrosive substances from alTectmg the bands, and the work is completed. For connecting lines of pipe at street crossings, or hydrant pipes witli mains, special castings are made to form a perfect joint. The main business of the company is the construction of water works by contract, including the engines and machinery. In 18H7 they completed five plants in Colorado, a number in Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Vermont, a twenty mile plant at Tonawanda, N. Y., and others elsewhere, and in ISSK built complete water works at Plymouth, Ind.; West De Pere, Wis.; Piuconning, Gladwin, Gaylord, Ovid and Vassar, Mich., and have furnished pipe for the water works at Central City, Col- orado; Goslien, Ind.; Alma, St. Louis, Stanton, North Muskegon, Ishpeming, Negati- nee, Oscoda, Alpena, Bay City, West Bay City, Saginaw, and numerous other cities in Michigan. Another important article of manufacture is steam i)ipe casing. This is made in sections eight feet long, the shell of which is usually four inches thick. It is used for casing steam pipes underground, extensively by all of the steam heating and power companies in the country. The prevention of loss of heat by radiation and condensa- tion is reduced to a minimum, and the saving more than pays the tirst cost of the pipe. It is unsurpassed by any other casing manufactured. It is cheap and durable. Their annual product averages one hundred miles of pipe, in which six hundred tons of hoop iron are used, and employment is given to from sixty to seventy hands. The plant is the only extensive one for the manufacture of wood pipe in the United States, and by its product is favorably known to all interested in water works. VAIL & EDDY. Hatter^s. Furnishers. <'Ioakt>» and Fiirs-Xos. lOO. 10!4 and 104 Confer St. Few concerns in Bay City, or in this i)ortion of the State of Michigan, for that matter, engaged in a similar line of business, enjoy better facilities for trade, or are more generally known to the trade, than Vail k Eddy, hat, cap and fur dealers, in the new Fraser House. This tirm was organized in 1K74, and for years has grown with the city and aided in the promotion of its material resources and prosperity. As they have contributed, so have they also benefited, and from unpretentious begin- nings have raised their business to a position of prominence and magnitude. Their location is among the best in the city, occupying three stores, severally numbered 10(1. 102 and 104 Center street, at the corner of Water, having a combined frontage of sixty feet on the former, and seventy feet on the latter thoroughfare. The stores are connected one with the other, supplied with an artistic entrance into the rotunda of the new Fraser House, and furnished with every modern convenience. They are also divided into departments : No. 100. at the corner of Water street, being used for the display and sale of hats and caps. No. 102 for the sale of gents* furnishing goods, and No. 104 for that of ladies' furs and cloaks in the winter, but, in their season, for the sale of straw goods, which they handle very largely. They carry large stocks in all the lines of goods offered upon the market, including hata from the most celebrated Eastern makers, gents' furnishing goods of the best foreign and domestic manufacture, and fur garments, including ladies' cloaks, tippets, mutllers, gloves, mittens and boas, in seal, sable, otter, lynx, etc., of superior quality as to materials, and of artistic design and finish. They employ a full staff of clerks and salesuien, and do a large trade in the city and vicinity. Both memliers of the tirm (C. D. Vail and J. F. Eddyi. are active, enterprising, go-ahead men, — their success expresses the possession of these ri«'toi'— t'oriuT of Third and ^Vater Sts. O. W. ODELL, PKOPRIETOR OF THE CAMPBELL HOUSE. The hotels of a city, the homes of travelers and visitors, may be taken as fair criterions of the prosperity of the city itself, and the enterprise of the inhabitants. In the possession of first-class, thoroughly convenient and well equipped hotels. Bay City is specially fortunate. Among the leading establishments in this line is the •Campbell House, at the corner of Third and Water streets, where it was established upon the former site of the old Union House, many years ago, and kept by C. A. Jay until the Spring of 1888. when O. W. Odell, the present proprietor, took charge. The premises consist of a handsomely proportioned three-story brick building, having a frontage of 150 feet on Water street and 100 feet on Third street. When the concern passed into the possession of Mr. Odell, the latter refitted and refurnished the building throughout, in the most modern and elegant style, introducing electric lights, bells and other improvemeots, making the Campbell an establishment of unsurpassed facilities, with accommodations for one hundred guests, having sixty airy, pleasant bed-rooms, many of them en svite. The main floor is occupied by the offices, reading-room, billiard-room and bar, the latter stocked with the finest wines and liquors. The parlors handsomely furnished, with the dining-room bright, THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 83 cheerful and attractive, and a number of commoilious BRmple-rooms for the con- venience of commercial travelers, occupy the second floor. Mr. Odell was. until a recent date, proprietor of the Pacific Hotel at Port Huron and the oritrinal founder f)f the system of eating houses, alonp the lines of the iMichiyau Central road. F. H. Symiupton, the chief clerk, has had ten years' experience as a hotel man, havinfr been connected with the Kirkwood and Exchanste hotels at Detroit, the Everett House fit East Satriuaw, and the Taylor House of Sa{,'inaw City; and W. H. Farmer, the* head cook, is an accomplished artist in his line, as also is Charles Robinson, his assistant. A force of thirty-five assietants are employed, and the rates are two dollars per day. This hotel is exceptionally popular with the travelers, and since the date of its opening in July, 1H88, its daily arrivals have been the largest in the city. R. P. GUSTIN & CO. M'lioleMalc ii llercliaiit> and Toltai-co Iflaniifact iifitm' .\u;<'iils .\i St. 4»|t|M>>>il«' F. A I*. .11. IM'pot. The oldest wholesale jyrocer iu Bay City, is Mr. R. 1'. (xustin, head of the whole- sale grocery house of R. P. Gustin & Co., whose place of business is on Adams street, opposite the depot of the Flint Sc Pere Marquette railroad. He began operations here in 18G6 as Gustin & Co., so continuing until 1871 when the firm of Gustin A- Merrill was organized, to which the firm of Gustin, Merrill & Co., succeeded in 1876, remaining in that capacity until 188.5, when he sold out his interest in that establish- uieiit, and retired from the firm, to found the present popular and prosperous house of R. P. Gustin & Co. They are located, as above stated, at one of the most eligible and available sites for commercial purposes iu the city, occupying a two-story and basement building. 00x100 feet in dimensions, with a large and well appointed warehouse attached. The premises are commodious, the facilities for the display, storage and sale of stock are ample, and those for receiving and shipping unsurpassed. Taken altogether, nothing seems to be necessary for a successful conduct of the large trade to the demands of which they respond. The stocks carried, which are very heav)-, embrace full and complete lines of commodities dealt in by first-class houses of similar character, staple and fancy. Their specialties are the Canada " Royal Navy," a cut plug smoking tobacco, Mr. Gustin's own invention, pronounced by experts to be superior, also the " R. G. P." cigar, also original with Mr. Gustin, nianufacturetl expressly to their order. It is so popular that their sales in 1887 were '245,010, and in 1888 upward of 500,000; also lumbermen's supplies and tobacco, being manufact- urers' agents for leading brands in the latter, paying special attention to teas, coffees anil sugars, which are obtained from first hands, and to provisions secured direct from producers. Their stocks of fancy groceries are equally complete, including delicacies, sauces, canned fruits, preserves, meats, etc., iniporfeil and domestic, from the most celebrated depots of supply and of unrivalled iiuality and purity. In addi- tion, they solicit consignments upon which liberal advances are made. In this department a large and steadily increasing business is done iu all lines of prodtu'e commodities, as also in staple articles of supfdy. They enifiloy a full staff of clerks and salesmen, including two travelers, and their trade beside being large in Bay City and the surrounding country, is equally extensive and valuable in Northern and Northwestern Michigan. Mr. Gustin is loo well-known and too highly esteemed as an enterprising and public spirited merchant to require more than mere reference to his possession of these invaluable qualifies. As the pioneer in his lines in Bay City, his undertakings have not only benetiteil the city of their origin, but the surrounding country, and the quality of goods offered upon the market, with the correct business metluxls enforced by the house, have confirmed and extended the confidence of a trade, established vears since. 84 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. UEBERROTH & SEE. Dealers in China and Ciilassiv'are— Holiday Cioods and "^t'edding Presents a [Specialty— Xo. 313 Centei* Ave. The well equipped, spacious and handsomely appointed establishment for the sale of china, queensware, etc., owned and conducted ,by Ueberroth & See, is a representa- tive house of Bay City and a leading concern in its line of business. It was founded in 1883 by Christopher H. Ueberroth and Frank King, Mr. King retiring six months later in favor of Milford E. See, and from that time has been successful, their trade rapidly increasing and extending with each succeeding year. Both members of the firm possess a practical and valuable knowledge of the business, and their long expe- rience and extensive information as to the requirements of the trade peculiarly fit them for the large demand they are called upon to supply. The premises occupied for salesroom and display purposes are at No. 313 Center avenue, in Shearer Brothers' new block. They are '25x125 feet in size, with an "L" 25x40 feet extending to Adams street, specially devoted to the display of art good?, and furnished with an equipment quiet but elegant. They make a specialty of holiday goods and wedding presents in the most elegant designs obtainable, and the stock carried is choice and valuable, varied and complete, made up of foreign and domestic products. These include china from the famous Haviland furnaces of Limoges; Carlsbad and Vienna ware; Royal Crown ware from Worcester, England : Sevres ware, etc.; exquisitely made Bohemian, Hungarian, Belgian and French cut glassware, plain and decorated; English cut glass, and the very best lines of American productions in the latter line; crockery, ordinary and select; plated ware, wall paper, curtains, ornamental ceramics, etc., etc., in great variety and profusion. They employ an attentive force of assistants, and do a large local trade in addition to a jobbing trade, extensive and extended throughout the State. Their goods are unsurpassed in quality and price, and this, with the established reputation of the house for fair dealing, will prevail to still further extend the business, already growing in volume and influence. FOLSOM & ARNOLD. Illjunibei' and Salt Manufacturers— Xo. 2«01 Xoi'tli "Water St. The extensive lumber and salt industry owned by Messrs. Folsom & Arnold, a leading firm composed of Alexander Folsom and Benjamin W. Arnold, was estab- lished by the late John Eraser in 1866, with a capacity of 3,000,000 feet of lumber. Upon the death of Mr. Eraser, it passed into the possession of W. L. Fay, from whom it was purchased by the present firm, in 1869. The latter rebuilt the mill, increasing its capacity, and rendering it more available and prosperous. The plant is located at No. 2601 North Water street, and is furnished with very full and complete facilities for the manufacture and iiandling of the large output annually supplied the markets to which it is shipped. The saw-mill is a commodious and well-appointed building, 125x150 feet in dimensions, containing two gang mill' saws, large circular saws, powerful steam feed carriage, and all other requisite machinery. The motive power is furnished by two massive and substantial engines, with cylinders severally 26^x30 and 16x26 inches in dimensions, fed from a battery of ten boilers; two 6x16 feet in size, with seventy-two flues each, seven flue boilers, 4x22 feet, and one flue boiler 5x16 feet in size. The plant embraces piling grounds, boom facilities, and a large river frontage. Their salt industry includes four salt wells, each equipped with drill house and engine facilities, an extensive salt block, packing houses and accessories. The annual output aggregates 20,000,000 feet of lumber and 35,000 barrels of salt. The lumber is chiefly shipped to Albany, N. Y., where they have large yards, and the salt is sold through the Michigan Salt Association, of which the firm are members. They employ 140 hands in their operations. Both members of the firm are from Albany, N. Y., where they have been engaged in the lumber business since 1853. Mr. Arnold is still a resident of Albany, Mr. Folsom residing in Bay City since 1867. The firm is leading and representative, aud the annual business foots up large amounts. Mr. Folsom is President of the Bay County Savings Bank, and the efforts of himself and the industry and interests he represents directed toward the development of prosperity in Bay City, have been of effective and commendable character. THE IXDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 85 EMERY & McLaughlin. I><'alei'N in llnrd and Soft <'oal \% rMt <-iiMt lta> <'ity. One of the leading and substantial firms in West Bay City engaged in the business of dealing in bard and soft coal, is that of Emery k McLaughlin. It is composed of J. T. Emery and D. ^McLaughlin, and was organized in 1883, since when they have done a trade that is constantly increasing and extending. They carry full and com- plete lines of bituminous and anthracite coal, common and tire brick and clay, building stone, cement, plastering hair and calcine plaster, and all kinds of sewer pipes, also extensively manufacturing Marble Head lime. They are located at the west end of the Third street bridge, where their yards, occupied with lime kiln accommodations, coal sheds, pipe and stone yards, etc., cover a block of ground. They possess a commodious river frontage with tine dockage conveniences and ship- ping facilities, both by rail and water, of the most avail.ible character. During the season of 1888, they furnished tlie pipe used in tiie improved system of sewage in West Bay City, adopted by the authorities of that municipality and have furnished materials for the same purpose elsewhere. They employ a force of twelve hands and four teams, and do a large business in all lines in the Bay Cities and their vicinity, besides shipping large consignments of coal and lime to consumers in the Northern Peninsula. The members of the firm are enterprising, progressive, public spirited citizens and merchants. Mr. McLaughlin i.s the present Treasurer of West Bay City. Their stock in all lines is unsurpassed in i[uality and their eijuitiible dealings and high reputation in commercial and financial circles, commends them to the continued confidence of the trade. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. FRANK W. WHEELER. Ship Builder— Speeifloations and Estiiuatef^ Furnished upon Application— M'est Bay City. No industrial establishment in the Saginaw Valley surpasses in its equipment or career of honorable success, the ship-building industry of F. W. Wheeler, in West Bay City. It stands second to none in its special line, around the lakes, and occupies a prominent position among the manufacturing industries of the country. It was established by Mr. Wheeler in 1879, and is conveniently and eligibly located on the Saginaw River, in West Bay City. The plant, including the yards, mill, dry docks, machine and blacksmith 8hope^ with other buildings of utility and necessity, is comprehended within an area of territory forty acres in extent, and furnished with all requisite appliances. The saw-mill is commodious in its dimensions, running one large band and several minor saws, for heavy oak timbers, two large jig-mills for shaping and finishing ships' trees; an upright saw-mill for the manufacture of the heavy oak plank; machine shops, adequately supplied with the requisite appliances, and every conceivable implement of machinery to expedite the work of building, docking and repairing vessels, steamers and other craft of the largest tonnage, and in the best manner, both as regards material and workmanship. Since the establishment of his yards, Mr. Wheeler has constructed nearly thirty propellers, thirteen tugs and a large number of barges, schooners and steamers, with a total tonnage of very considerable propor- tions, nearly all of which are in commission still, and recognized as models of design, equipment, durability and sea-going qualities. During the season of 1887-88, he built the propellers " Mecosta," "Tom Adams" and "Robert L. Fryer," each 280 feet in length; also, the " Servia," "Eber Ward" and "J. V. Moran," all of which have proved crafts of the highest standard of excellence. In addition to these, he constructed the steamers " Soo City " and " Post Boy," and the schooners " Moravia," and " T. D. Ewen," also the steam tug " Lulu Eddy," — having on the ways, at the close of the latter year, five propellers, 280 feet in length each, in various stages of completion. He employs from 700 to 1,000 men a portion of the year, and about 300 teams; and his orders for work come from owners and transportation companies at every port around the lakes, from Duluth to Buffalo. Mr. Wheeler is a native of New York, whence he removed with his parents to Saginaw, where he remained ten years. Upon completing his education, he sailed the lakes for three years, and then engaged with his father in ship-building. He removed to West Bay City in 1875, and four years later began the enterprise which he has since owned and managed. Being a firm believer in and an earnest advocate of protection to American industries, he was nominated and elected to Congress by the Republicans of the Tenth Congressional District of Michigan. He is a man of large experience and enterprise, aLd his industry has always been one of the leading and most powerful factors in the development of the Lower Peninsula. Mr. Wheeler is about constructing a steel ship-building plant, for vessels of 3,000 tons and over. PEOPLE'S DRUG STORE. O. A. Ijloyd. Manajfer— Third and !Uonroe Sts. The People's Drug Store, a reliable and well equipped establishment in its line of business, was started in May, 1888. Mr. O. A. Lloyd, the manager, came to Bay City about that time, and taking charge, has conducted it successfully and profitably. He is from Muskegon (this State), where he enjoyed a lengthy experience in the practice of pharmacy, and acquired a reputation for skill and professional superiority, not less valuable than deserved. Such reputation has been maintained since he began his residence here, which, added to a complete knowledge of the business and familiarity with the requirements of the trade, have conspired to promote his success. He is located at the corner of Third and Monroe streets, where he occupies premises 25x100 feet in size, well equipped and furnished, and carries a choice stock of pure drugs and chemicals, also fine brands of imported and domestic cigars. His special- ties are these lines of goods, and the careful compounding of prescriptions. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 87 GEORGE W. MANSFIELD. l>euU>r in <«roc«'ri<'s uiul I'roviwioiiM— lO.l. I05A 107 Third and liOH \% nl«T fitn. F'-'" '■■<■" " . _- _. Conspicuous among the old estab- lisbed dealers in groceries, provisions, etc., is Mr. George \V. Mansfield, the present collector of customs for the port of Bay City, having his oflice in tlie huildiug occupied by him forcommercial purposes. Mr. Mansfield began business here in 1873, and his career, comraer- cinlly and in other respects, has been that of the successful man of business from its threshold, bringing to his aid in the enterprises he has established or directed, the complement of industry, integrity and sagacity, by which reputa- tion and prosperity are achieved. He is located at Nos. 103, 105 and 107 Third street and at No. 1 108 Water street, in premises one hundred feet square, and containing ample room for the man- agement of the several lines of business conducted under his immediate super- vision. Within an area 75x100 feet in dimensions, with conveniences equally commodious, he carries on a wliolesale and retail grocery; the remaining space, '25x100 feet, being devoted to the uses of a meat market, with adequate equip- ments for furnishing customers and the trade. His stock of groceries embraces all the lines in both staple and fancy, such as teas. coflFees, sugars, sauces, delicacies, canned and bottled preserves, fruits' and vegetables, provisions, produce, etc., while in the meat market everything edible in that line, including fresh and salted meats, breakfast bacon, and all "the delicacies handled by similar establishments. Supple- mentary to the latter branch of the business, Mr. Mansfield owns and operates a slaughter house on Genesee avenue, three miles from the city, at which a large number of cattle, hogs and sheep are killed weekly for the trade supplied. He employs a force of eighteen assistants and four wagons in the business, and does a large local trade m addition to a jobbing trade to boats and with dealers up the north shore and some distance along the lines of railroads converging at Bay City. Mr. Mansfield is a thorough-going business man, and his house is popular with the trade. DANIEL BAUMGARTEN. «'«Miter \\v. One of the most progressive houses in the grocery and provision business, in Bay City, is that of Daniel Baumgarten. It was established by Mr. B.aumgarten in 18('.;», and for many years conducted under his direct personal supervision. He subse- (piently sold'his interest in the business and retired, but after an absence of four years his active, enterprising desire to be identified with mercantile pursuits prompted his purchase of the house of wliich he has since remained the head. He is located at No. 400 Center avenue, where he occupies the main floor and basement, commodious quarters 25x100 feet in size. The premises are neatly fitted up and furnished with modern conveniences and e'iiiii)ments. His specialties are fine teas, coffees and spices; also carryintr full supplies of staple ami fancy gro-eries, and delicacies, and fruits and vegetables in season, and caters to a fine family trade in the city and throughout the country contiguous. Mr. Baumgarten is an experienced merchant and valuable citizen. The output of the house is of the best quality, its affairs are managed with intelligent enterprise, and its business is deservedly prosperous and increasing. 88 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. JAMES B. CORWIN. Fire, Liife and Afcident Insiiranoe— Mtinser Block. James B. Corwin, occupying commodious offices iu the Hunger block, on Center avenue, is among the best known insurance men in the State, He began biisiness here in 1879, making life and accident insurance a specialty, representing, as district agent, the old and reliable Travelers' Life and Accident Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., and building up the most extensive business in that line in the Valley. In 1885 he extended his range of operations so as to embrace a department of tire insurance. He has since managed both branches of the business with annually increasing prosperity and reputation, now representing a list of home and foreign companies, with resources aggregating millions of dollars, and offering to insurers security of the most valuable and substantial character, upon the most favorable terms. He is located, as above stated, in the Hunger block, his office being handsomely furnished and appointed, and where every facility is available for the convenience of customers seeking the benetits of reliable, first-class insurance. Among the promi- nent companies represented by Hr. Corwin, and for which he is sole agent here, are the two oldest and strongest Hichigan companies, and five of the most powerful English corporations, including the Sun Fire Office, of London, organized in 1710, the oldest of its kind in the world; the London & Lancashire, and Queen, of Liver- pool; the Guardian, of London; Hichigan and Detroit Fire and Harine, of Detroit; Franklin, of Philadelphia; Anglo-Nevada and California, of California; Liberty, of New York; and American and Slercantile Fire and Harine, of Boston; representing a total capital of nearly fourteen millions of dollars, total assets of §60,479,275, and a total surplus of S26,287,000, a showing of responsibility that will commend itself to the consideration of citizens of Bay City and her surroundings, Hr. Corwin employs competent assistants, and his business extends throughout the Saginaw Valley and Northern Hichigan. He is known as a gentleman of ability and of popularity as an underwriter, who transacts his business in a businesslike manner upon the most favorable terms, and offers superior advantages to all who desire reliable insurance. MASON & BEACH. Dispensing Chemists— Mo. 20a Center St. An important house in Bay City, and one too, whose long and steady career, heavy and extensive transactions and reliable qualities, have made it a landmark of conspicuous renown, is the drug house of Hason & Beach. The enterprise was established by George Lord in 1858. After conducting the concern for some years, he disposed of it to Goodale, Brown & Co.; subsequently it passed into the hands of Dr. Goodale, who in turn transferred the title to Dr. Wheat. Along in 1873, the firm of Mason & McNiel — the senior partner of the present organization, John K, Mason, being the head of the firm— succeeded to the ownership, and remained in control until 1878, when Hr. McNiel retired, and Lyman F. Beach becoming interested as a partner, the firm of Hason & Beach was created and still continues. They are located in a fashionable quarter of the city, being occupants of the main floor and basement of the building at No. 202 Center street, premises 25x100 feet, and in every way fitted up and adapted for the purposes to which they are appropriated. The stock carried is only such as can be found at a first-class establishment, neither inferior nor impure articles being handled. It embraces drugs, chemicals, medicinal extracts, standard preparations and compounds, surgical instruments, druggists' sundries— in fact everything pertaining to the drug line or carried by any similar undertaking in the West. In addition to these, they keep in stock, full supplies of homoeopathic remedies and the choicest brands of cigars, of imported and domestic manufacture. They employ a full force of experienced and skillful pharmaceutists, and do a large prescription and drug business in the city and surrounding country. The members of the firm are men of enterprise and resources, and learned in their profession. They handle the best and purest articles in their line, and the trade supplied testifies to its unbounded confidence in the established reputation of the house. THE IXDCSTRIES OF THK HAY CITIF.S. 89 B. H. BRISCOE & COMPANY. .lluiiiiractiiri'i'.s l>a«-lvinK ltox«'N - Frt'iiioiit A V4'. iiiid Flint A I'ci-c fl iii-<| net tf Itiiilroiul TrackH. One of the most productive, prosperous and well established industries in Bay City is represented by the manufacture of packing boxes, machine and stove crates. It is an industry that has. within a few years, attained to considerable proportions, and made its influence felt upon all the departments of businees, both here and at distant points. A leading and representative establishment thus engaged is that of the B. H. Briscoe Sc Company, incorporated in 1S83, of which A. E. F. White as President, B. H. Briscoe, Vice-President, and M. J. Beardeley as Secretary and Treasurer, are the present executive oflBcers. The company is successor to the tirni of B. H. Briscoe Sc Co., organized in 1881, and composed of B. Fl. Briscoe and M. J. Beardsley, engaged in the same line of operation.s, and conducting same until the formation of the company as already stated. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes are at the Fremont avenue crossing of the Flint & Pere Maniuette railroad, a location accessible, convenient and otherwise available. The box factory is a substantial building, KMIxlSO feet in dimensions, thnmgh the center of which tracks have been laid, connecting with the main tracks of railroads centering in Bay City, thus furnishing unsurpassed facilities for the loading and shipping of stock. The factory is equipped with the latest improved machinery, and in every way adapted to the uses for which it is designed. Adjoining the factory proper are the engine house, offices and other accessories of the business, including large lumber yards heavily stocked. Their specialties are boxes of all sizes and descriptions for packing purposes, though they manufacture large quantities of sewing machine and stove crates; also sign-board and box print- ing, and deal extensively in lumber. They employ from fifty to sixty hands, and annually ship between five and six hundred car-loads of boxes, aiul large quantities of lumber, to all parts of the country, chiefly to the South, Southeast and Southwest. They sell only by the car-load, and their business foots up largely ejich year. The oflicers of the company are men of enterprise, practical experience and familiar with the trade. To the exercise of these qualities, superiority of the products offered on the market, and the honorable business methods which char- acterize their transactions, the success of the enterprise is largely due. 90 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. JENNISON & CO. Hardware, Mill and l^unibermen's Supplies, Agrieuitural Implements, Stoves, Haws and Belting— J ennison Bloek, M'ater St. No Arm in Michigan is more widely known, and in its special line more influen- tial and prominent, than that of Jennison & Co., hardware merchants. The nucleus of the present extensive establishment was formed in 1853, by C. E. Jennison. Since that period, during a career of thirty-five not uneventful years, the house has been identified with the development of busicess in the city, and actively engaged in the promotion of its line of trade, throughout the State. In the lapse of nearly half a century the enterprise has undergone several changes in the individual composition of its management, in 1885, coming under the administration of the present firm, made up of C. E. Jennison, W. Jennison, Gustav Rechlin and W. F. Jennison, men of large experience and resources, with a complete knowledge of the public wants,, and familiar with the requirements of the trade. They occupy the imposing white brick structure erected by C. E. Jennison, on Water street and known as the Jennison block, which is admirably arranged and equipped for the purposes to which it is devoted, the several departments being adequately provided for, and every available facility and convenience secured for the large trade. The premises are three stories high, have a total frontage of one hundred feet on Water street, with an equal depth, and embracing a total of 40,000 feet of space, all of which is found necessary to accommodate the stock of goods carried. Their sales-rooms are large and finely appointed, and their invoices of commodi- ties include full lines of mill and lumbermen's supplies, stoves, house-furnishing goods, builders' hardware, cutlery and tools, paints and painters' supplies, road and farm wagons, agricultural implements, phosphates, galvanized iron and tin manu- facture, etc. The latter articles are displayed and for sale in a large two-story brick annex to the Jennison block, just completed, on the river dock, to the rear of the main building, in which are to be found the agricultural implements as stated. Their specialties are the famous circular and other saws of Henry Disston & Sons of Phila- delphia, for the sale of which they are special agents, and the leather hose and belting of J. B. Williams & Sons, carrying also manilla and sisal rope. Their trade is very large in the city and country, and with the lumber mills of the Valley, to which interests their sales are large, and afford employment to a full corps of clerks and salesmen. The house is among the oldest and best in this part of the State, and offers inducements to the trade that cannot be too highly commended. JOSEPH GORDON Vessel Agent and Marine Insurance— Union Bloek. Foot of €enter Ave. The vessel agency of Mr. Joseph Gordon is one of the oldest of its kind in Bay City, he having had twenty-two years' experience here in that field of usefulness. A vessel agent, it may be said, bears the same relation to shippers and vessel owners, as the commercial broker bears to merchant and customer, negotiating between them and concluding transactions for the transfer of commodities. The vessel agent makes contracts for the shipment of consignments, the charter of bottoms, the placing of insurance, and, in some instances, for the procurement of crews. For years Mr. Gordon has been thus engaged, in conjunction with the placing of marine insurance, for which he enjoys unusual facilities, being the agent of Smith, Davis & Co., of Buffalo, the largest marine insurance house on the lakes. All policies secured by Mr. Gordon are at once passed over to that concern, the reputation of which for reliability as guarantors, is well known from Duluth to the St. Lawrence, and which offers protection against the numberless risks to which the merchant marine is subjected, as also the prompt liquidation of damages sustained by vessel owners and shippers. Mr. Gordon's long experience in the business, the care exercised by him in dis- charging the responsible duties incident to his profession, and the superiority of the service he is able to offer patrons, has secured to him a valuable clientage, here and at eastern lumber distributing points. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 91 LUMBERMEN'S STATE BANK. iii. O. Fitilivr, I*retiiilent : II. II. Aorrinetoii. t'aNlii*'!- WeHt liay <'it.v. liiiii uimI ^lidlaiMl StM.. modem dt The history of hankiiif^ iu West Bay City starts with the estal>li8hment of an institution devoted to that line of business, iu 1.S72, by II. H. Norrington and lohn S. Taylor. Wenona was then the base of opera- tions, and so continued to be until that village became part of West Bay City. The enterprise was a success from its inception, and soon after its organization it was found necessary to increase the amount of capi- tal to meet the requirements of the business. In IHH'l this bank became merged into the Lumbermen's State iJauk, which was tliat year incorporated with a capi- tal of i^rjO.OOO. S. O. Fisher was elected President, with H. II. Norrington, Cashier, and they are still the incumbents. The bank is located at the northeast corner of Midland and Linn streets, the most central part of the city, in an elegant three-story brick building of •ttil by Hon. S. O. Fisher, and furnished and equipped with spe- cial reference to the purposes to which it is applied. The premises devoted to the bank are finished in red oak and Hungarian ash, with oak leaves and other decora- tions, the main flooring of tile, that within the counter being inlaid with specimens of the various kinds of oak found in the Michigan forests. It is provided with a lire- proof safe, containing an inner safe absolutely burglar proof; also steel boxes for lease to special depositors. The rooms of the cashier and directory adjoin the bank proper, and are handsomely equipped and furnished. A general banking Vmeiness is trans- acted, to which a savings department has recently been added. They solicit com- mercial accounts, loan money on approved mercantile paper, nfFording customers every facility consistent with safe banking, buy and sell foreign exchange, and for- ward money to all the principal cities in Europe. In the savings department deposits of one dollar and upwards are received, and interest is paid thereon at the rate of four i)er cent, per annum from the time of deposit. The last annual statement, made July 2, 1888, showed the bank's deposits amounted to 824:1,818.75, and its surplus tc 825,000. Owing to extensive interests requiring the constant attention of Mr. Fisher, the affairs are largely managed by Mr. Norrington. During the war lie was a member of the Loomis Battery, and was taken prisoner at Stone River after being severely wounded. He also served on the staff of Gen. Heintzelman, and was presented with a sword by Gen. Reynolds in recognition of heroic services in West Virginia. He located in Bay City in 18fi7, and has since be mid ItoaiMliiiK Htaltl«'- \<». 7IH AduniM Ml. In ]>ist') Mr. W. D. Sherman erecteil one of the Laud.somest and mu.st fuuvenieutly accessible buildings for the purpose in Bay City, and began the livery business under the most favorable auspices. He had previously, for a number of years, been associ- ated with F. E, Tyler in the same line, under the firm name of Sherman k Tyler, and was familiar with all the requirements incident to a successful conduct of operations in that field of enterprise. His premises are located at No. 715 Adams street, in the new building above referred to, a two-story structure (iO.\l'2() feet in dimensions, built of white brick, peculiarly adapted to the uses for wliich they are employed. The basement, of which it might be remarked, is so commodious and lofty that it becomes almost a main floor, is used for the stock, containing twenty-six stalls and ten large loose boxes for the stabling of valuable horses. In the arrangement and equipment of this department of the business, scientific precautions have been taken to insure an abundance of light and ventilation, as also to facilitate the removal of the animals in case of fire. The main floor is occupied with a handsome suite of offices and waiting parlors, carriage and harness rooms, and other conveniences, the second floor being largely devoted to the storage of sleighs and vehicles not in use, whither they are conveyeil by elevator. Mr. Sherman's specialty is first-class livery and coupe service, also boarding of horses. In the former brancii of the business he uses from sixteen to twenty head of horses and is supplied with the most elegant lines of hacks, coupes and large carriages in the city; also with ligiit top buggies, one and two-seated road wagons, very light road buggies, etc., in great variety and of the be-^it make in style, finish and reliability. In the boarding department he cares for a number of gentlemen's private equipages, including some of the finest turn-outs in the city. 94 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. EDDY, AVERY & EDDY. atanufaotiirers of I^uiuber and Salt— IVater St. bet. Tenth and Eleventh. Among the leading firms in Bay City, engaged in the promotion of the lumber and salt industries, that of Eddy, Avery & Eddy, stands prominent. It is one of the oldest in the State, having been established by Eddy, Murphy & Avery during the pioneer days at Port Huron. It is now composed of Edwin Eddy, of East Saginaw, John F. Eddy, of Bay City and the Newell Avery heirs of Detroit. The present organization was effected in 186i, and up to 1880, was known by the firm name of Eddy, Avery & Co. In the later year, however, the present style was adopted without material change in the composition of the firm. They are located on Water street, between Tenth and Eleventh, where their plant occupies a considerable territory. The saw mill is 120x180 feet in dimensions, with the full equipment of a double mill, including two large circular saws, Wickes Brothers' gang saw, powerful steam feeds, lumber and slab transfers, stock lifters, edging and trimming machines, with other appliances of modern make for effective service, the whole driven by four engines, one of two hundred and forty horse-power, operating the gang mill saw; one of three hundred and seventy-five horse-power, operating the circulars ; one of twenty-five horse-power working seven saw dust carriers, conveying the saw-dust, the only fuel used, direct from its place of deposit to the furnaces, and a fourth of twenty horse-power for driving the main carrier for slabs. This large equipment of machinery is fed from a battery of nine tubular boilers. Four of these are 5ixl6 feet in dimensions each, two 6x16 feet, and three 4x16 feet in size each. In the manufacture of lumber, the logs are taken from the boom by an endless chain dotted with teeth, forced up an incline to circular saws where they are faced and forwarded to the gang mill over a roller conveyance. After being cut into lumber, the latter are run along rollers to the trimming tables, thence by the same mode of conveyance to the sizing tables, where they are cut into equal lengths, and thence taken on cars to the piling grounds. All the saw filing, gumming, etc., is done automatically by machinery. The annual output of the mill is 25,000,000 feet of lumber, 3,500,000 laths, 1,000,000 staves and 500,000 pieces of barrel heading. In addition, the firm yearly has thousands of logs cut to their order by other mills. Their salt industry is represented by six salt wells with drill house and pony engine equipments, extensive salt blocks, packing houses, cooperage, etc., and manufacture 70.%0 barrels of salt per annum, which are disposed of through the Michigan Salt Association. The logs from which the lumber is cut, are obtained from all parts of the Upper and Lower Peninsulas. The prodiict is shipped east. The firm give employment to two hundred hands and a large number of horses here during the season, and to a force of from three to four hundred hands in their lumber camps diiring the winter. They also own large tracts of pine and farming lands throughout the State, arid the volume and character of their business have made them powerful factors in promoting the growth and prosperity of the Saginaw Valley. H. L. SEMPLINER. Merchant Tailor and Gents' Furnisher— Water Street, Foot of Center Ave. The promising clothing and gents' furnishing house owned and directed by H. L. Sempliner, was established here in September, 1888. His place of business is one of the very best in the city, being located on Water street at the foot of Center avenue, and directly opposite the New Eraser House. The store occupied is 25x125 feet in size, and handsomely furnished and finished, also completely equipped for the accommo- dation of the select trade, to the requirements of which he successfully caters. His lines of stock are full and choice, chosen with care, and embrace foreign and domestic cloths, cassimeres, vestings, suitings, etc.; imported underwear, gloves, ties and nov- elties, also the same description of goods, the product of the best American manii- facture, and every article included on the invoices of a first-class haberdasher. He makes goods to order, according to the latest modes, employing only first-class hands, and in the way of materials, finish and fit, his work is not surpassed by that of any merchant tailoring establishment in the two cities. THE INDUSTRIES OE THE BAY CITIES. 95 J. N. Mcdonald & son, Vloiir, KtM'tt and iiriiiK ^Iiili> i"Ht anti \\at<'rNtN. The pioneer enterprise iu the line of milling industries in Bay City is that now owned and di- rected by J. \. McDonald X- Son. at the corner of First and Water streets. Mr. McDonald, 8r., settled in Bay City at an early day in the history of the present municipal corporation, coming hither from Canada, and has ever eiiu-e his advent been an active .11 li potent agency iu the origin ,11 111 development of means that wonld tend to the enrichment and advance of the city of his residence. In 18(57 he erected the first merchant Hour mill operated here. While large and complete in its appointments, and possessing a producing capacity of 50 barrels of flour per diem, this mill was unpretentious iu comparison with those of a later day, and soon became inadequate to supply the demands of the trade. During the winter of 18^9-70, the old mill was the scene of an extensive conflagration, in which the entire plant became the prey of flames, occasioning a severe loss and l)rief suspension of operatioES. Soon after this occurrence, however, George C. Fray was admitted as a partner in the enterprise, the mill was rebuilt, and within six months from the date of its destruc- tion, was being run with improved machinery and a daily capacity of 125 barrels of flour. The new structure, which rose from the ashes of its predecessor, still stands, though during the intervening years constant additions have been made to the building and its equipment. It is three stories high, 50x80 feet in size, and was furnished in the first instance with machinery embodying such auxiliaries and patents as were then available. In 1884, however, machinery adapted to the grinding of the raw material into roller process flour was substituted, the mill being fitted with a complete set of roller process machinery throughout. Along in 1877 Mr. Fray retired from the firm, and Geo. H. Shearer succeeded to the vacancy. The mill was conducted under the name and style of McDonald ct Shearer until February, 1888, at which date Mr. Shearer withdrew, and John A. McDonald was received into partnership, the firm name being then changed to J. N. McDonald it Son. The specialties manufactured embrace brands that have secured an established reputa- tion for purity and snpenor excellence wherever they are known. They include "Gold Dust," which is the leading specialty; also "Roller Process," "Straight," "Climax." "Cyclone," and are in constant demand. The output of the mill is one thousand barrelsof flour per week, giving employment to twenty competent employes, and supplying a large local trade, as also an etjually extensive and imi)ortant patron- age along the river and bay. The firm handles, in addition, large (luautities of grain and feed products, with receiving, shipping and storage facilities, complete and commodious. Railroad tracks are accessible at the mill door, and a warehouse 60x100 feet in size, and extending from the rear of the mill to Sagmaw street, affords ample accommodations for the deposit and protection of cereals and stock. The continued prosperity and high standing of the firm testifies to its worth. The large and extending trade, to which they give their undivided attention, bespeaks a confidence in the purity of their products and in the business methods they employ that requires no elaboration. 96 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. WILLIAM B. ROUSE. Liumber and Salt Manufacturer— Wootlside Avenue, Xear City Liiuiits. The large and finely equipped saw mill of W. B. Rouse was erected, by J. M^ Rouse, father of the present proprietor, early in 1871. Mr. Rouse, Sr., owned and operated the mill until 1878, when it came into the possession of E. F. and W. B^ Rouse. The latter immediately increased the facilities of the plant, by the addition of new and improved machinery, at the same time establishing the salt industry and otherwise providing for the promotion of both branches of the enterprise. The plant was conducted under their joint management until 1882, when W. B. Rouse became sole owner, and has since directed its operations, residing in an elegant home- opposite the mill office. The mill and salt wells are eligibly and prominently located on Woodside avenue, adjoining the corporate limits of Bay City, and are. among the best furnished and available for manufacturing purposes in this vicinity. The saw mill proper is a commodious structure, 100x13(3 feet in diruensions, andi equipped with a powerful gang saw, circular saws, steam feed carriage, butting saws, edgers, trimmers and other requisite machinery furnished with motive power- by three engines, fed from a battery of four steel boilers, 6x16 feet in size, each provided with seventy-four flues with three and four inch tubes. The plant also. includes a desirable river frontage, docks, piling grounds and other accessories, in every way complete and desirable. The logs are obtained from the Northern Pen- insula and other portions of the North and Northwest, and the product annually amounts to 15,000,000 feet of lumber, which is shipped to Buffalo, Tonawanda and^ other depots of supply for the Eastern markets. The salt manufacture includes the salt wells, with drill house and engine accompaniments, a large salt block, and the necessary packinghouse facilities, and turns out 20,000 barrels of salt per annum, w^hich are sold by Mr. Rouse in car-load lots to the Chicago and St. Louis trade. He employs from ninety to one hundred hands and his yearly business is very large. Mr. Rouse is a representative man of this portion of the country, and has been untiring in his efforts toward the prosperity of Bay City and the State of Michigan. His operations in the line of his productions are very extensive, and the demand for his commodities is equally large, and constantly increasing and extending. HANDY'BROTHERS. Box,Manufaetui'ers, Planing Mill— AVest Bay City. One of the most prominent and comprehensively equipped planing mills and bos- factories in West Bay City, if not in the Valley, is that of Handy Brothers. The firm is made up of Thomas L. Handy and Charles W. Handy. It was organized in 1884, and wields a powerful influence among the industries, in its special line, in this vicinity. During the month of August, 1887, their establishment was destroyed by fire, entailing a heavy loss, and temporary suspension of operations. They rebuilt, immediately, however, increasing their facilities and resuming business in what is pronounced the most desirable premises of the kind in this section. They are eligibly and conveniently located, and consist of a commodious a«id substantially built structure, 100x130 feet in dimensions, divided into a planing-mill and box-factory, and furnished with a full and complete equipment of machinery and appliances, for a speedy and economical production of all the lines of manufacture conducted. In the department of planing, they do custom work, for shipment in car-load lots to eastern consignees, their range of box manufacture embracing every description of boxes for use in every department of trade, for which such articles are in demand. Their products are among the best in the market of supplies, in that branch of the business, and enjoy a wide-spread and deserved reputation for the qualities of their material and durability, throughout the East, West and South, whither they are shipped in large quantities. The Handy Brothers are representative manufacturers and citizens, and have always been prominent and substantial aids in the development and promotion of enterprises that would contribute to the public prosperity. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 97 BAY CITY BUGGY WORKS. Jlufrs. I'arriagt'N, ]>lia<'l<>ii>i. ltu:;u;i<>H. MI«-it>:liN. Ktc— Foot of >larei^setl Liniiiber, Liatliii^ and Shing^les— South 'Water Foot Thirteenth St. This mill was established in 1866, when Albert Miller began the manufacture of rough and dressed lumber, lath, shingles, salt, etc., and in 1881, George Lewis became a partner, and the present firm was organized. Their plant is located on South Water street at the foot of Thirteenth street. The mills, salt block, piling grounds, cooperage, offices, barns, etc., cover a territory of twenty-tive acres, and are in all respects completely equipped and furnished. The saw mill is a two-story building 180x100 feet in dimensions and adequately supplied with machinery of the latest and most approved design, which is driven by three powerful engines, fed by two batteries of seven and three, respectively, steel tubular boilers. The planing mill is 160x125 feet in size, and equally complete in its furnishings and appointments. Here the firm plane and dress a large proportion of the saw mill output for shipment in car lots to New York, Boston and other depots of supply in the eastern markets. A force of one hundred and fifty hands and a large number of teams are employed at the mill, the product of which annually amounts to 18,000,000 feet of lumber, from two to three millions of lath, four millions of shingles and two millions of pieces of heading, which are sold to the trade in all directions. Included in the plant, are six salt v/ells and drill houses, each supplied with a pony pumping engine, also an extensive salt block. This branch of the business yields a product of 30,000 barrels of salt per season. Their planing mill is the most complete in the Valley, their boom and shipping slips are unsurpassed, tracks run through the yards and by the planing mill door, thus affording superior railroad facilities, and the water frontage owned by the firm is among the largest and most valuable on the river. In addition to this connection, the firm are extensively interested in other business enterprises, Mr. Miller being the senior partner in the firm of Miller Bros., lumber manufacturers, and the firm also being partners in the establishment of Joseph Turner & Co., dealers in logs, lumber and lands, also during the winter season, conducting large operations in the lumber camps of the North, where they own vast tracts of land, and employ two hundred and fifty hands. They have invested a very large capital in their business, and enjoy an enviable reputation for integrity and reliability. MILLER BROTHERS. Liunibei* :»fanufacturers— Middle Ctrouiid. The mill for the manufacture of lumber, of which the firm of Miller Brothers, composed of Albert Miller, Andrew J. Miller and James Miller are owners, is promi- nent among the large industries in that line carried on in Bay City. It was established by Albert Miller in 1882, and by him carried on until 1885, when the present firm was organized. It is located on the " Middle Ground " between Bay City and We.st Bay City, a desirable site, and is completely equipped to meet the require- ments of the trade. Besides the mill building, the plant is occupied with valuable river frontage, fine dockage, booms and large piling grounds. The saw mill is 150x100 feet in dimensions, provided with all requisite luachiuery of the latest and most ap- proved pattern, embracing Wickes Brothers' gang mill saw, steam feed carriage, of large power and capacity, with other implements and appliances for facilitating production at tbe least expense of time and labor, run by two powerful engines, fed from a battery of six boilers each four by sixteen feet. The annual output of the mill is 12,000,000 feet of lumber, which is shipped to eastern points, in the manufacture of which employment is furnished to eighty hands. The firm has recently included in its line the sawing of logs on commission, general among the Valley mills, and engage extensively in that business, in addition to their regular operations. The firm, individually and collectively, is leading in its line and a powerful aid in the development of substantial prosperity here and elsewhere. The senior member is also head of the lumber manufacturing establishment of Miller & Lewis, and partner of the firm of Joseph Turner & Co. The remaining members of Miller Brothers are also interested in other enterprises, and are valuable and important factors in the business progress of the Valley. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. (11 CHICAGO SHOE HOUSE. Daiixitfi'i' Itrus.. I'roprN. KootM and HIioeH— Itouecli Itlock Htiit \% atcr St. LI The Chica(?o Shoe House, a ceutrally located and completely equipped eetab- liBhrneut for the sale of the tiner and medium grades of boots autl shoes, was founded in 1882, by lienjamiu P. and Oscar Dauzi^er, who constitute tlie present tirni of Uanzif,'er Brothers. They are men of long experience in, and thoroughly conversant with the business, as also with the recjuirements of the trade, and theii- success lias been achieved by that caieful attention to the fostering' of mutually advantageous relations, which, in all well regulated commercial transactions, exist between factor and patron. Their place of business is in the Rouech block, a well known and popular trade center, at No. 820 Water street, in premises tweuty-tive feet front, with a depth of one huudred feet, handsomely furnished and supplied with every con- venience and facility for the display and sale of their large and varied stocks of goods. These include every commodity in the line of foot-wear for men, women, youths, misses and children, of tlie finest and best (jualities and of the latest styles as soon as they appear. They purchase from the most celebrated eastern manu- facturers, whose products are known for their durability and for tiuish, making their selections from stock ada[)ted to the wants of the trade, and buying for spot cash. They are thus enabled to otTer their customers superior induce- ments in quality and price, and their eflbrts have not been without results, both valuable and permanent. They employ a skilled force of polite and gentlemanly assistants, find do a large business in the city and Valley. The firm enjoys the advantages of long training and ample capital, and the house enjoys the fullest measure of confidence among its patrons. This style of shoe, while liHviiiL.' .1 vir\ low v.uiii is so shaped that the vauip seams do not toucli tlie ioiiits, and is therefore tlie easiest fitting shoe in the market. W. W. HODGKINS. ^Vliole-iule and Itetail ^irooer-Xo. 304 <«'ntrr Ave. Among the prominent houees who aid in promoting the reputation of Bey City as a locality for the purchase of the purest and best of groceries and family supplies in that line, that of \V.\V. Httdgkins occupies a leading position. The business w;is first established in 187!) by the firm of Goeschel A: liodgkins. both gentlemen rtimiining in charge and personally directing the building up of a large and substantial trade until 18S7. During that year, Mr. liodgkins purchased the interest of his partner, and has since managed the affairs of the liouse under his own name, catering to a fine family trade, and keeping in stock the choicest lines of couimodities to be obtained in the markets of supply. His place of business is at Xo. Hdl Center avenue, one of the most eligible locations in the city, in the center of the trade district, and otherwise desirable and convenient. The premises occupieil are HOxlOO feet in dimensions, neatly arranged and api)ointed with accommodations for the display, storage and sale of his stock. His specialties are coJTees of his own roasting, fine teas and confections, in all of which he carries full lines; also, every description of staple and fancy groceries, provisions, and in their seasons, fruits and vegetables. He employs a full statT. and does a large trade of the best character in Bay City Hud vicinitv. 102 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. BAY CITY FISH COMPANY. Thomas R. Merrill. Oeiieral Maiiajjer— Sagina^v River, XortU of West Ray City. The fish industry of Saginaw Bay and vicinity, has assumed large proportions, enlisting large investments of capital, affording employment to a large number of operators, and supplying a correspondingly large demand in all parts of the country. One of the most prominent and reliable agencies engaged in this field is the Bay City Fish Company, which embarked in business in 1882, and has, for a period of six years, been conspicuous in its development and promotion. Its success has been pronounced, and the trade has become of no iu considerable volume, extending from New York to New Orleans, and from the lakes to the Missouri River. The company's fish house is located on the west bank of the Saginaw River, about two miles north of West Bay City. The premises are 115x55 feet in dimensions, and will soon include an addition 75x55 feet on the ilock, fully equipped, and where is handled a very large daily catch of white fish, pickerel, etc., the product of over one hundred and fifty nets, which are shipped, in fish cars, to Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Kansas City and throughout the South and West. These cars are constructed for the pre- servation of fish in transit, and so perfectly do they meet the requirements of the eervice, that fish can be kept fresh, iu the most oppressive weather, for a period of fifteen days and upwards. The company also conducts a fish house at St. Ignace, from which white fish are obtained all summer, also receiving white fish, pickerel and lake trout from Lake Superior and Winnipeg, and owning valuable fishing grounds on Saginaw Bay. They have, in addition, agents at every source of supply in the United States and Canada, and have received fish from the Bay of Quinto, (off Lake Huron) Canada. A force of traveling men constantly canvass the fishing sections, as far east as New Brunswick, for the eastern markets. This extensive business, which is of inestimable value to the Lower Peninsula, is under the direction and management of Mr. T. R. Merrill, who has been intimately associated with the fishing interests of the Northern lakes, and has contributed in no small degree to their development and prosperity for a period of twenty years. During the war he was a soldier in the Union army, serving in Virginia, where he participated in all campaigns from Bull Run to Antietam, campaigns which culminated in the downfall of the Confederacy , and shrived the American armies with an imperishable lustre. At the close of hostilities he came west, engaging in business, first at Detroit, thence removing to Bay City, with results that have redounded to the credit of the commercial profession and to the prosperity of the commonwealth. ROCHESTER SHOE HOUSE. Dealers in Roots and Slioes— IVo. 91« Water St. A favorite establishment for the purchase of boots and shoes, carrying large and diversified stocks, and contributing to supply a large demand, is the Rochester Shoe House. The business was established here some years ago by Detroit capitalists, who conducted operations until March. 1888, when Burt Regna, of Hawley, Mich., purchased the enterprise and still controls the same, with Louis Cummings as man- ager, who occupied the same position during the administration of the Detroit owners. The store is located at No. 918 Water street, in the center of the city, and accessible to the trade. The premises occupied consist of a two-story building, 25x100 feet in size, arranged in the best manner for the display and storage of stock, and equipped with every facility for the handling of the goods. Full and complete lines of boots and shoes are carried, of fine and medium grades, for men, women, youths, misses and children, the product of the best eastern manufacturers, and adapted to every service. They are made specially for this market, and in workmanship and material are not inferior to hand-made articles in the same departments, while supe- rior as regards price. The house does a large trade in the cities, as also in the country, among dealers, farmers and lumbermen, and has acquired a reputation for its supplies extended and invaluable. Mr. R»^gna has materially increased the facilities of the concern, and is prepared to fill all orders with the least delay. His manager, Mr. Cummings, is familiar with the business, and to his efforts the success of the house is measurably due. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 103 THOMAS MUNN. Miifr, «f JSiiw Mill .Maoliiiiery— Twent.v-Tlilr«l St. 4 roHHiiiK Flint &. I'ore .narquetto It. It. The manufacture of sawmill machinery, carried on by Thomas Munu, is one of the influential industries conducted in the Lower Peninsula. He established the business in 1868, as part owner of the Val- ley Iron Works, thence moving' to the corner of Eleventh and Washington Ste., linally to his present site in 1885. He is located at the Twenty-third street cross- ing of the Flint & Pere Marquette railroad, one of the most advantageous points in the city for manufacturing pur|)ose8, and isprovided with complete conveniences for receiving and shipping machinery. The premises occupied are 60x120 feet in size, thoroughly equipped with mechanical appliances, unsurpassed in extent and va- riety, and adapted to the manufacture of the special products, many of which are the invention of Mr. Munn, annually turned out in the concern. His range of production includes gang and circular saws, upright and lathe mills, parallel edgers, slitting machines, globe valves, gearing of all sizes, etc. His five-saw and two-sawed No. 2 edgers, the result of his inventive genius, are considered the best machines of the kind in the United States, and are in general use. They are skillfully built, and considered the cheapest in the market. The establishment is complete in all its appointments and is a prominent factor of the manufacturing interests of the Saginaw Valley. Mr. Munn is a native of Philadelphia, but has been a resident of Bay City since 1862. He has made valuable improvements in saw mill machinery, and is the inventor of the present improved gang saw. In his business lie gives employment to a force of fifty-five hands, and his products are in constant demand throughout Michigan, as far west as California, and in the lumber regions of the Southern States. WEBSTER &, PETTAPIECE. AbHtractM and Real Entate— Eddy Block.gCenter St. The firm of Webster & Pettapiece, composed of the Hon. Thomas E. Webster and W. A. Pettapiece, was organized in 1887, for the purpose of conducting a general abstract, real estate and loan business. They are well-known, and maintain the highest reputation, professionally and otherwise. Judge Webster is an attorney of eminent standing, and for eight years has held the ollice of Probate Judge, while Mr. Pettapiece has been for many years deputy Registrar of liay County, and during the canvass of 1888 was elected to the ollice of Register of Deeds of Ray County. They are located in the Eddy block, on Center street, and are supplied with every facility for transacting the business in which they are engaged. Tliey are provided with the plats, maps and books containing abstracts of title to every piece or parcel of ground in Ray County since its incorporation, and are prepared to make special examinations for pending suits, judgments, liens or incumbrances aizainst or tipon same, to furnish information from the records, etc., upon the sliortest notice, and at the lowest rates. They also deal in real estate, buying aiul selling for their own account, or to order, collect rents, investigate investments, perfected and proposed, and perform other services connected with the lease or transfer of realty. In addi- tion, they loan money and negotiate loans upon city and farm property, and though but of comparatively recent origin, the firm is doing a large local business, which is conducted with systematic enterprise, and to the entire satisfaction of a steadily increasing clientele. 104 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. DOLSEN, CHAPIN & CO. T^iiiiiber and i^alt Manufacturers — Retail Iiunilier Yard— Xo. S901 Xoi'th >Vater >>»t. The firm of Doleen, Chapin & Co., composed of John L. DolEen, Arthur B. Chapin, Robert B. Dolsen, Henry E. Chapin and Mrs. Helen A. Wood, was organized in 1874, as successor to the firm of Dolsen, Chapin & Bro. The mill owned by them ■was originally built by Dolsen & Walker in 1864, with a limited capacity and requir- ing a correspondingly limited force to handle. The mill was burned shortly after its completion, but immediately rebuilt, and passed under the control of the firm above referred to, and from which it was purchased by Dolsen, Chapin & Co. The plant covers an extensive area, and includes saw mill, planing mill, salt wells, booms, piling grounds and other conveniences, accommodations and appointments necessary to the branch of manufactiire carried on. The saw mill is 125x1.50 feet in size, equipped with a gang mill containing thirty-four saws, large inserted tooth circular saw, powerful steam feed carriage, trimmers, edgers, heading and lath machines, and other accessories, run by two engines fed by a battery of three boilers, 6x16 feet in dimensions each. The planing mill is 80x1.50 feet in size, and equally as completely supplied with machinery for planing, re-sawing, tongueing, grooving, and other purposes, stave heading, lath mills, etc., the motive power to operate wliich is furnished from an engine of 175 horse-power, fed by two boilers, each 6x]4 feet in dimensions. They also run a large retail yard for the city trade, and sell largely in car-load lots. The salt plant embraces six wells, with drill houses and pony engines, an extensive salt block, large packing houses, cooper shops, where the barrels for the product are manufactured, etc., and other aids necessary to the requirements of the service. They also conduct an extensive and thoroughly et^uipped box factory, where a car- load of boxes are completed daily. The establishment, as will be seen from the above, is unsurpassed by any similar industry of the kind on the river in point of location THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 105 aud equipment. The dimensioDB and fumiehings of the premises have been revo- Intiouized since it was erected, nearly a nuarter of a century ago. As improvements were made,they were adopted, aud nothing was left unsiipplied that would promott" pro- duction in tinaiitv or quantity. The annual product includes 20,00(1,000 feet of lumber, 1,500,()(K) lath, 45*000 sets of barrel stock, and 40,()()0 barrels of salt. The capacity of the piling grounds is 12,0l)(l,(l00 feet of lumber, and of tlie booms a total of six million of logs. A force of from 100 to 175 hands is employed, and the lumber i)rodu(>t is shipped to the ea=itern markets, while the salt is sold through the Michigan Salt Association, of which they are members. The tirm is an influential one aud is widely known. BAY NATIONAL BANK, SaccesHitr t» First Xutioiiiil Bank— Corner Center uiitl WaMliin^ton Av«'h. _==v, ~ The First National iJank =ry _ of liny City was organized u -F S =J 7\]^ ^ ^ ' ^^ May, 1804, with a capital '^-=^'^^^^ - of *5b,0IJ(l. In January, 1H83, in contemplation of the expiration of the bank's charter, which would haye occurred on February 24, of the same year, a re-organ- ization was effected, and upon January 17, 1888, the Bay Nati(mal Bank began operations with a ca[)ital of .S2(H).()()l); James Shearer, President; B. E. Warren, Cashier, and a board of di- rectors nuide up of the lead- ing cai)italists and business men of the Bay Cities. The bank has pursueil a suc- cessful career, the magni- tude of its transactions and the high and honorable character it has maintained, haye secured for it a conspicuous position among the monetary institutions of the State. The bank is handsomely located in the stone building at the corner of Center and Washington avenues, where it occupies the main floor, with a frontage of twenty-tive feet on Center avenue. The interior is finished in rosewood and walnut, and atTords commodious accommodations for the transaction of its large operations. It transacts all business pertaining to general banking. Receives deposits, discounts commercial paper, makes collections, deals in national. State and local securities, buys and sells foreign exchange, issues letters of credit on all the leading cities of Europe, and has correspondents at all the leading monetary centers. The report of the condition of the bank at the close of business June 80,1888, not only evidences its prosperity but the interest it takes in the business affairs of Bay City, and the assistance it extends to the characteristic enterprise of her people. At that date the loans and discounts amounted to ?< .")".)7,392.C.O. the deposits reaching .^415.510.(;8, and the siiri)lus §()0,141.8.5. The policy of the bank has always been as a leading factor in the pros()erity of Bay City, rendering liberal assistance in the promotion of all commercial, manufacturing and individual enterprises, and stimulating trade by its influence. It enjoys an extensive patronage, and a reputation for enterprise unsurpassed by that of any simi- lar undertaking in the West. The present rflicers are: Byron E. Warren, President; J. Frank Eddy, Vice-Presi- dent, and F. P. Browne, Cashier. The directors are Edgar A. Cooley. Thomas Cran- age, Byron E. Warren, Henry B. Smith, Alexander Folsom, J. Frank Eddy, Williiim H. Miller. Luther L. Hotchkiss and F. P. Browne, leading and prominent business men, and flnanciers of experience and success in their several lines of operations. 106 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. STOVER, LARKIN & CO. Hardware and Cutlery— 3Ios. ISl & Vi'i Thirty- first St., Cor. Harrison St. Early in 1888, the hardware firms of .Johnson & Co. and W. E. Larkin & Co. de- cided to consolidate their interests, and, in conjunction with Mr. E. V. Monday, of W. H. Miller & Co., or- ganize a stock com- pany under which the same line of business would be carried on with increased facili- ties, and with results that proceed from the combination of capi- tal, an extensive trade and ability to procure stock at the lowest market prices. Act- ing upon these con- clusions, the firms and gentleman above mentioned incorporated the Stover, Larkin & Co. venture on February first of the same year, with the following executive officers: R. V. Muaday, President; F. H. Stover, Vice-President, and W. E. Larkin, of W. E. Larkin & Co., as Secretary and Treasurer. Under auspices so advanta- geous the company began its career, which has been one of success and prosperity from its inception. The business is carried on in a new double brick building, built specially for the purpose by the company. It is located at the corner of Thirty-first and Harrison streets, is two stories high, 50x120 feet in dimensions, and furnished with all modern equipments and conveniences. The store and its furnishings are very complete and commodious, affording ample accommodations for the display, sale and storage of stock, and for the transaction of business. The establishment also contains a work- shop, where large invoices of tin, copper and sheet iron ware are manufactured for the trade. The stock carried includes every description of hardware and cutlery, stoves, tinware, paints, oils, glass, putty, agricultural implements, builders' hardware, household hardware, etc., etc. The company, in addition, are the manufacturers' agents for saws, belting, flies, and other mill supplies, and employ a competent force of clerks and t-alesmen. The trade is large, locally, and also among the mills and throughout the surrounding country. The company, from its inception, has achieved a success which has been substantial and permanent. ROBERT MAXWELL. ♦General Steamboat Agent— Maxw^eli's Dock, rear No. 911 IVater St. Mr. Maxwell began the general steamboat agency business here in 1878, and occupies commodious and convenient premises, consisting of the dock, warehouse and office, and where, in addition to acting as the agent of transportation lines, he does a general forwarding, warehouse and commission business. He is agent for the Bay Oityand Alpena steamers— ''Arundel" and "Metropolis" — the latter a large and hand- somely appointed side-wheeler, departing semi-weekly; for the Saginaw Transporta- tion Company, operating between Bay City and Cleveland, O.; for the steamer C. A. Forbes, leaving Bay City Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays of each week, for Au Gres on Saginaw Bay; and is thoroughly familiar with the varied requirements of the shipping and traveling public, and has acquired a large and steadily increasing patronage. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 107 WHITNEY & PLUM. \Vhol«>Niil<' <'iiH'kci- UaktMM. Maiuifa«tuiiii« < oiinrlioiu-iM ^»h. .■»14 uikI .>!« Xortli WaHliiiiartoii A\«'. ^dyCity:Mi^h: Tlje firm of Whitney & Plum, wholesale cracker bakers, coiisistiug of C. C. Whitney and J. H. Phim, was organized in February, 1S88. The business now conducted by them was established in 1879 by the firm of Pomeroy pro- motion of his enterprise. He does no commission business whatever, limiting his deals to those made upon his individual account exclusively. He was formerly agent for the McGraw estate, which inventoried large realty holdirgs in West Bay City, and in 18S8. when the estate was finally administered upon, Mr. Van Liew aiid the Hon. S. O. Fisher, at that time partners under the firm name of Fisher it Van Liew, became purchasers of the undisposed of property belonging to the estate in this city. It included about 300 lots, improved and unimproved, all located within a half mile of the West Jiay City Council Chamber, and within one mile of the City Hall of Bay City. Since then this investment has appreciated in value, and tlie improvements of the Michigan Central road, consisting of an engine house and shops, in progress of building in vicinity of these lots, will still further enhance their importance upon the market. They are now on sale at pri .es and upon terms to suit purchasers. He is also heavily interested in improved and unimproved property in the Bay Cities and throughout the surronntling country, besides owning valuable pine lands in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and mineral and timber areas in Kentucky and Tennessee, in addition to titles to proi)ertie8 in other parts of the United States. He is located at suites Nos. 7 and 8 Fisher i)lock. Midland street, and has, during his residence here, been repeatedly elected to positions of lionor and trust in the city and county, to the prosperity of which he has so liberally and unselfishly contributed. He is the present President of the West Bay City branch of the American Building and Loan Association, of Minneapolis, Minn., which has a capital of fifty millions. A. B. PERKINS & CO. ~ , M'lioIeNalo FriiitH and Produce— Xos. 20H and 'HO Third Ht. A decided and important factor in the development of commercial prosperity in Bay City, though the concern is comparatively a recent actjuisition to mercantile circles, is the wholesale fruit and produce house of A. B. Perkins A- Co. The busi- ness was commenced by the firm of Perkins ealers-Cor. Sixth and Adams Sts. A real estate firm conspicuous for its reliability, substantial character and frequent and important transactions, is that of Charles Fitzhugh, Jr., & Co. The firm is corn- posed of Charles Fitzhugh, Jr., and A. McDonell, and was organized in 1882. It is possessed of large capital, is familiar with values throughout the State, and is fully prepared to promptly and satisfactorily execute all orders for the purchase, sale or lease of houses and lauds, or either, in Bay City and vicinity, and elsewhere. They buy and sell on personal account and to order, improved and unimproved properties, city and country, farm and pine lands, lease same, investigate titles, care for estates, collect rents, and generally the lines of business pursued in real estate offices. Their operations are reduced to a system, Mr. Fitzhugh attending to the negotiations inci- dent to transactions in and transfers of realty, Mr. McDonell, who is a practicing attorney, to the legal aspects and phases that may arise. They are agents for the estates of Mr. Heath, B. Whipple, M. F. Ballou and others, and do a large and annually increasing business. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 1 I 3 BAY COUNTY SAVINGS BANK. Pliu'iii.v lllook— Cor. Center and Waxtliin^^ton Aveis. The Bay County Savings Bank is well known throughout the State as one of the most rehable aud invaluable monetary institutions. The utility of savings banks as agents for the promotion of thrift among all c-lasses, especially with those of modest means, aud aiding their securing tinancial independence, Ik umiuestioned, and to 6U[)ply such aids to the industrious resident of Bay City and vicinity, was the Bay County Savings Bank established. It was organized in February. 1884, commencing operations on the tifth of March following. It was at once successful, and that success has accompanied its career ever since. The bank occupies elegant premises at suite No. 202 Phcenix block, the most attractive and conveniently located business building in the city, corner of Washington and Center avenues, and does a safe and conservative, at the same time active and extensive business. The rules of the bank provide for the payment of interest to depositors at the rate of four per cent, per annum, and deposits made on or prior to the fifth day of the month draw interest from the first of that month, and when made after the fifth, interest begins on the first day of the succeeding mouth on all sums deposited for at least three months. Individual accounts are limited to two thousand dollars, and interest is credited in July and January of each year. The solid character of the institution is expressed in its annual report, rendered July 2, 1888, which shows the capital stock at i$50,000, with a surplus of 6 10,000, and deposits approximating $250,000, and further emphasized by the fact that the bank pays a semi-annual dividend of five per cent, to stock-holders. The business is local and the present officers, composed of promi- nent and influential capitalists and citizens, are as follows: Alexander Folsom, of Folsom k Arnold, lumber and salt dealers, President; G. Henry Shearer, of Shearer Brothers, real estate dealers, Vice-President, and John Mulholland, Treasurer; with a Board of Directors consisting of Alexander Folsom, G. Henry Shearer, Darwin C. Smalley, of Smalley Bros. uient in cargo and car-load lots. The manufacture of boxes is their specialty, and is carriett on very extensively, the products in this department, including a varied and diversified assortment, which are shipped in the knock down, to points of distribution through- out the West and South. They also do a large retail busiiif ss in flooring, ceiling, mouldings and bill stuff. They employ thirty hands, and afford to customers all the advantages of price, terms, prompt acknowledgment of orders, and other induce- ments incident to a large and well managed manufacturing enterprise. 114 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. ALBERT B. GRISWOLD. China. Crl ass and Crockery \*'ai'e, \%'^all Paper. Eto.—Xo.rilO Center Ave. Perhaps no bouse in Bay City, engaged in any branch of mercantile pursuit, is better known through its wares and business enterprise, than that of Albert B. Griswold, dealer in china, glass, crockery, wall paper, etc. He caters to a large and select trade, and his business aggregates a very considerable amount in value every year. Mr. Griswold became a factor in commercial circles in 1866, at which date he began business, and since when he has conducted the undertaking with a large measure of prosperity, becoming one of the foremost deal- ers in his line of supplies in the Lower Peninsula. Until recently, he occupied the two-story and base- ment building at No. 809 North Water street. During 188S, how- ever, Mr. Griswold completed the Griswold block, a three-story and basement edifice, 20x100 feet in dimensions, of red and gray sand- stone, into which he removed in the fall of the same year. The building is located at No. 210 Center avenue, between Washing- ton avenue and Saginaw street, and is an ornament to the city. Its site is unsurpassed for business purposes, and it is equipped with every convenience. His stock em- braces every article known to the trade, essential to the useful or decorative in art, — complete and varied. It includes imported china of the famous Crown Wor- cester pattern, of the equally cele- brated Haviland and Miuton manufacture, and from the well- known potteries of Limoges and Dresden; also, StafPordshire, Eng., and American granite ware, Bohemian, Belgian, Hungarian, French and English fancy glassware, American glassAvare — and which,with the exception of a few special lines, is equal if not superior to the imported product, — well calculated to charm the fastidious, as also the more conservative, of purchasers and dealers. In addition to these, his stock of lamps of all designs and at all prices, fine cutlery, silver and plated ware, wall paper, etc., is unapproachable. He employs a full staff of clerks and salesmen, and responds to the demands of a large trade in the city and sur- rounding country. The quality of goods kept in stock, their low prices, and other advantages offered to consumers, have made the house a depot of supplies for an extensive and steadily increasing patronage. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 115 S. E. BURNHAM. Itoat Itiiilder Maiiufaotiirer of Oui-m. PaildleH, Et«'.— Knot of .Midland Ht. Mr. S. E. lUiruham carries ou an extensive and prosperous industry in tbe line of boat biiildint,' and the manufacture of boat ecjuipniente, at tlie fojt of Midland street, West 15ay City. Hi is a native of Maine, and came to Bay City from Eiist Safjinaw. He cstal^lisbeJ the business in which be is nijw eujiaged in ISSO, and has since that date been occupied in its direction and management. The yards devoted to bis enterprise, at the above desif^nated locality, are conveni- ently and amply e,dit and spoon oars, etc., for clubs and sportsmen; also manufacturing paddles, rafting and salt well poles, etc., in great variety and of the best materials. In addition to these he builds steam yachts and steam tugs, in which he is considered superior, and enjoys a wide reputa- tation. During the summer of 1S88 he built a steam yacht 8.") feet in length, to the order of parties residing in the Lake Superior country, which met with such high approval that the same parties commissioned him to build a sectmd craft of the same description, but of materially larger dimensions and tonnage, the sameto l)e com- pleted at the opening of navigation in 1H89. During the season of 18HS he also com- pleted a steam yacht for his private use, but was induced to part with the boat for a large price. In the winter of 1888-9 he built a duplicate of the latter craft, which, in respect to its proportions, design, finish and equipment, is not surpassed by any simi- lar product in the same line of industry on the lakes. He employs a force of thor- oughly experienced and competent boatwrights, and does a large trade in Bay City and the surrounding country, as also supplying an extensive demand for his products in Northern Mii-higan. His business is among the largest in its line in the Lower Peninsula, and the supe- rior quaUty of his output, with the liberal terms atfordeil patrons, have conspired to secure to himself and his venture an established position in the trade. 1. OBEY & CO. >\ Ii<»l(>wal4> and lt«'tail liiquor 1>ea1ei*8— Jobbers in Fine <"i{sarM-Xo. 1114 WaMhin;;t4»n Ave One of the leading and substantial liquor houses in Bay City, occupying a promi- nent position in commercial circles and enjoying an enviable reputation and a large trade, is that of I. Obey it Co. The business was first established by Mr. Obey in the year 187.5, and he conducted its operations until 1884, when Jo.seph Guindon was admitted as a partner, and the present firm was organized. They are located at No. 1 114 Washington avenue, a site of unsurpassed excellence in point of convenience to the trade, in premises 80x100 feet in dimensions, and well equipped and appointed for the display and sale of tbe large slocks carried. These embrace full lines of the finest (pialities of imported French brandies, imported wines of the choicest vintage, cordials, liqueurs, gins, etc.; also the best brands of American bourbon and rye whiskies, and native wines of standard i)urity, all of which are sold to consumers at the lowest rates commensurate with their superiority. They also handle extensive supplies of imported Havana and Key West and other brands of imported and domestic cigars, and their methods of dealing are characterized by the utmost fairness and liberality. They employ a full force of clerks, and operate two wagons for the delivery of goods at the residences of customers and at the depots for shipment to distant points, and do a large trade in the two cities, as also throughout the Northern and Northwestern portions of the State. The firm and its members are well known and popular, thoroughly reliable and enterprising, and their goods can always be depended upon for their purity. In addi- tion to his interest in the pre.sent concern, Mr. Obey owns large holdings in the Bay Ice Company, and is extensively engaged in lumbering at Sanford, Michigan. They are a .substantial iirm, and merit the success to which they have attained. 116 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. G. L, FREDERICK VON WALTHAUSEN. Druggist and Chemist— Wo. 815 Saginaw'iSt., Opposite thelCity Hall. G. L. Frederick Von Walthausen owns and conducts the oldest drug hoiase in Bay City. It was established by Mr. Von Walt- hausen in 1860, at a period in the history of the present municipality, when the promise for its growth and development was less encouraging, and the trade to be supplied was less numerous and substantial. His success, however, has been gratifying, and his trade is annually increasing and extend- ing. He is a gentleman educated to the profession of pharmacy, a skillful and experienced chemist, and otherwise pecu- liarly fitted and qualified for the business to which he has devoted many years. He is located at No. 815 Sayinaw street, oppo- site the City Hall, whither he moved early in 1888, from the corner of Center and Adams streets, his original site. The prem- ises are 25x80 feet in dimensions, well situ- ated in the retail center of the city, and furnished with conveniences, and appoint- ments requisite to the demands of the trade. He carries a fine stock of miscellaneous drugs and chemicals, of the purest quali- ties, in addition to the extracts, preparations and compounds of established superiority, also fancy goods, perfumeries, soaps, etc., adequate to the demands of a patronage that requires the best in the several lines of these articles. His specialty is com- pounding prescriptions, to which he has particularly devoted his attention, and in which he uses only the freshest and purest ingredients. He employs a sufficient force of competent assistants, and serves a large local trade, with which his long experience, distinguished scientific attainments, and the reasonable prices asked have inspired with a confidence, deserved and general throughout the Valley. FREDERICK VON WALTHAUSEN. SMALLEYS & CO. Mauufaoturers and'; Dealers in Pine and Hard^vood Liitniber— H'est Bay City. The firm of Smalleys & Co., manufacturers and dealers in pine and hardwood lumber, is representative of the manufacturing interests of the Lower Peninsula, and composed of men who have been active in promoting the growth and prosperity of this section for nearly a generation. It was organized in 1883, by William Smalley, D. O. Smalley, William T. Smalley and F. T. Woodworth, who constitute the firm, and whose operations in their present business have increased in volume and import- ance during the years that have since followed. They manufacture and deal in Norway pine and hardwoods generally. They own and occupy premises six acres in extent, at a desirable location in West Bay City, also property adjoining — the latter being leased — including in its spacious limits mills, piling grounds and other improvements necessary to the handling of their large and varied production. The mill is equipped with all requisite machinery, and is convenient to water and rail transportation, also provided with every facility for the receipt and shipment of lumber and lumber products. They are prepared to execute orders at the shortest notice, and upon the most liberal terms, to corporations, factories and the trade to which unsurpassed inducements in the way of material and price are ofPered. Their output during 1888, aggregated 7,000,000 feet of pine and hardwood lumber. The members of the firm are enterprising citizens and manufacturers, the Messrs. Smalley being also the owners of the Valley Iron Works. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 1 1^ JOHN McLENNAN & SON. l>«>al<'rM ill I'iiie aii«l lIurilM out! liiimber— Vard <'4>rii<'r Fii-Mt aiKl Van ltur<*ii Hin. Mr. Jobn McLennan is one of the pioneers in the lumber trade, lony since estab- lished at Bay City, with which lie has been prominently and iiitluentially idtntitied for nearly a quarter of a century. He is head of the present tirm of .John McLennan Sc Sou, composed of himself and William McLennan, and in 1K8G, opened exten- sive yards for the sale of special linos of lumber. They occupy three blocks of pround at the corner of First and Van Buren streets, adjoining the tracks of the Michif,'an Central and within easy distance of the main tracks of the Flint and Pere Marquette road, being thus equipped with facilities of unsurpassed excellence for shippinj? and receiving. Their specialties are hardwood and fnne lumber, their stocks of the former including white and red oak, white and black aeh, maple, etc., also basswood, cottonwood, flooring, sidirg, ceiling, etc. The hardwood is shipped east, south and west and 5,0(10,0011 feet are required annually to supply the demands from dealers and manufacturers in those sections. The pine, of which large invoices are handled, is consigned chiefly to the eastern markets. They employ a full force of yard hands, and their trade is steadily augmenting and extending. The members of the firm are enterprising merchants and citizens. The senior member is a large property owner in all portions of the State, principally in Fraser County, and their untlertaking is backed by ample capital. They are prepared to till orders at the lowest rates and promptly; theirstocks are exactly as represented, and their business ventures are among the most substantial and important of the agencies that are contributing to the prosperity of the Bay Cities. E. J. HARGRAVE & SON Manufacturers of L.iinib(>r, l.atli, iitalt. Ett*.— :fli(lealer in Boots and Shoes— ^Vater St. 3fear Center. The boot and shoe house of B. Scheurmann is one of the oldest, best known and most popular establishments of its kind in Bay City. Its origin dates back to 1866. Mr. Scheurmann began business in a small way, but by the exercise of qualities which create success, he has, in the twenty-two years of his administration bailt up a large and extended trade. He occupies the three-story and basement building, 25x100 feet, on Water street near Center, and carries a large and diversified stock of tine boots, shoes, etc., of eastern manufacture, including special lines made expressly to his order and bearing his name, a guaranty of their quality. In addition, he handles the production of Hanan & Sons, A. E. Nettleton k Co., and other manufacturers of men's tine shoes, celebrated for their durabihty, the tine ladies' shoes, made by ej. and T. Cousins, Reynolds Bros., Bennett & Barnard, and the output of other equally famous establishments at the East. He employs a full staff of clerks, and does a large local trade, which is also established in tlie country adjoining and comparatively remote. In addition to enjoying a reputation absolutely unassailable, Mr. Scheurmann is distinguished as one of the pioneers in his line of business in Southeastern Michigan. The trade controlled by the house of which he is the head, has been secured through equitable business dealings and number one articles of supply. He served as Treasurer of Hampton Township for two years and was one of the mem- bers of the first Board of Police Commissioners created here. In addition, he has been a member of the Board of Education for years and was re-elected in 1888, for another term. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 1 1^ BRUNSWICK HOUSE. John ti. Iliicliuiinii. rroprietor— X«. lOOH WuHliinutoii Ave. The Briinewick House is one of the most conveuiently aud delit,'htfnlly situated hotels in the Sat,'ina\v Valley. It has long been known and valued as one of the best appointed establishments of its claps, in the city, and a favorite resort for all classes ot travelers, to whom its cheerful surnmudiuKS and home-like comforts are irre- sistibly attractive. In February, 1H88, Mr. John G. Buchanan, the present owner and proprietor, acquired possession of tlie property. He immediately remodeled, refitted and refurnished the house with a most complete and desirable eijuipment, taking,' charge of its sub-seijuent mauaKement himself, in which he enlisted an experi- ence of years, anii a faculty of consulting,' the wants of his patrons. The Brunswick is located in a handsomely shaded square of f,'round, at No. 1008 Washington avenue, adjacent to the Michigan Central and Flint & Pere Manjuette railroad depots, postollice, banks and commercial centers, and is provided with accommodations for forty guests. The premises consist of a three-story brick build- ing, the main tloor of which is used for office, readinjf, billiard and sample rooms, also for the parlor aud dining rooms; all of which are furnished in a neat and attractive manner, the parlor aud dining room opening into a broad lawn, planted with trees and diversified with the growth of rare e.xotics. The two upper stories are furnished for sleeping rooms, all of which are light, airy, well ventilated, and supplied with all modern conveniences. The cuisine is not surpa.ssed by that of similar enterprises more conspicuous and pretentions, the tables being furnit-hed with all the substantials and delicacies of the season. The hotel service in every department is of the best order, and a full force of courteous and attentive assistants is employed. The terms are SI. 50 and S'2.00 per diem. Mr. Buchanan is a native of Lanark, Canada, but located in Michigan early in life, engaging in lumbering and logging. Prior to his purchase of the Brunswick he managed the Moulton House for five years. He is a member of the Board of Alder- men from the Second Ward of Bay City, and half-owner of the Bay City Creamery, which furnishes the hotel with pure cream and butter. He is a man universally popular, and does a large business. F. L. WANDS. lioiierul liiMuranot'— Xo. Jil.! Fifth St. The insurance agency of Frank L. Wands is one of the most prominent, useful and successful of its kind in Bay City, where Mr. Wands is himself one of the most popular of underwriters. He located here in 187C), coming from Albany, X. Y., and at once embarked in his present business, having been identified with the same line for ten years prior to his leaving the East, having both agency and home-oflice experience, and thoroughly equipped by a practical knowledge of its details for the prosperous career that he has always pursued in that field of usefulness. He is located at No. 215 Fifth street, where he occupies a suite of commodious and handsomely eipiipped offices, as the agent of a number of well known companies, noted for their reliability, liberality and i)romptitude and the equitable adjustment of tiieir losses. Among the companies for which Mr. Wands is the sole agent, are the Bovleton Fire Insurance Company, of .Massachusetts; City of London Insurance Co., of England; the Commerce, of '.Vlbany, N. Y.; (Irand Rapids, of Michigan, with 8276,000 assets and 8220.000 surplus; Firemen's Fund, of California, witli .t!2,181,')2.5 assets and .^815,000 surjjlus; German, of Pittsburg; (rerman, of Peoria, III., and German, of Freeport. 111.; Hiberuia. of New Orleans; People's, of New Hampshire; New York Bowery, of New York; Mutual, of ('hi<-ago; S{)ring Garden and Fiiion, of Philadelphia; Union, of San Francisco; Fidelity and Casualty, of New York, with other companies rep re.'^en ting a total capital of .■?2,C,( 10,000, total a.ssets of S8.649.938 and a surplus aggregating S;?.t">21.781. from which it is clearly apparent that the insured will be fully protected against all risks assumed in the policy issued. Mr. Wands does a large business locally, as also throughout the Saginaw Valley. During the seasons of 1887, 1888 and 1889'he sustained few losses, and by his care in placing risks, and hie efficiency and promptness in the assessment and liipiidation of damages has secured to himself a reputation and patronage, both substantial and valuable. 120 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. W. F. BENSON & SON. Wholesale Dealers Fresh, Salt and Frozen Fish— 111 Main St.— IVest Bay City. The firm of W. F. Benson & Son, wholesale dealers in fresh, salt and frozen fish, is the oldest in its line in the Saginaw Valley. During 1860, W. F. Benson, who had a short time previous removed to West Bay City from Flint, established himself in the busi- ness with which he has since been so prominently identified. He was the first to ship fresh fish from these waters to the leading cities of the country, and is to- day one of the oldest merchants in Bay County. He continued operations alone until 1885, when H. A. Benson, his son, who had been educated to the business, was admitted into partnership, and the present firm was organ- ized. The establishment is lo- cated at No. Ill Main street, and consists of commodious warehouses, ice houses, etc., with fine dockage conveniences and superior shipping facilities, being also provided with every equipment for the preservation, pickle and freezing of catches made at all seasons of the year. The fisheries which supply the house are located at Au Sable, Tawas, Point Alabaster, Harmon City, Oak Point and Sand Point; also at eligible sites on the Saginaw River, for the privileges of which latter $2,000 rental was paid in 1887. The resources of the house are further augmented by a full complement of nets, fishing boats and other auxiliaries requisite to a successful prosecution of the enterprise, all of which are still further increased during the busy season. A force varying from sixty to seventy hands are employed the year round, and the shipments of the house, which embrace bass, lake trout, white fish, perch, pickerel, muscalonge, fresh, salt and frozen, supply a large and growing demand in all parts of the United States. J. D. PEARSALL. Undertaker and Coroner— Ko. 203 Fifth St. Man contemplates death, as does a child the entrance into a darkened room: with fear and uncertainty. But death is the common lot of all — of the babe in its mother's arms, of prattling infancy, ambitious youth, manhood in its prime, and age with its staff and crutch. All must bow to the supremacy of the Master of Mortality. After death, the burial. To this complexion must all come at last. Among those whose art and profession has enlisted them in paying the last sad offices to the dead, and located in Bay City, is Mr. J. D. Pearsall, a gentleman whose experience has given him an intimate knowledge of the requirements peculiar to occasions of a character so sacred and solemn. He began business here in 1885, and occupies the two-story and basement structure, 25x100 feet in dimensions, at No. 203 Fifth street. Hia arrangements for the conduct of the business are complete, and his furnishings and appointments are appropriate and of the latest styles. He is assisted m the discharge of his delicate duties by a corps of competent subordinates, and elicits respectful commendation for the fidelity he brings to the exercise of his trust. He is prepared to take charge of funerals, from embalming to the interment, furnishing all the accessories of hearse, livery, etc., and to respond to all calls by day or night, also to telegrams for services at a distance. Mr. Pearsall is also Coroner of Bay County, to which position he has been repeatedly called by the suffrages of his fellow citizens, and is everywhere held in high esteem as an honorable, upright, public-spirited man. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 121 ROBERT S. PRATT. <«eneral IiiHuraiio*- UO<» C'eiiler Ave. Promiuent amoug the insiirauco ageuts of Bay City, and occupying a leading position in the profession, is Mr. Robert S. Pratt, who for a period of twelve years and upwards, has supplied the demand for an insurance that guarantees prompt payment for all losses sustained, an equitable adjustment of differences and the low- est rates compatible with the risks assumed. He began busiuees here in IHTf,, and his career has been one of gratifying success, due, not more to the high grfide of companies he represents, than to the enterprise and pushing qualities characteristic of his operations. He occupies a handsome suite of apartments at No. 20G Center avenue, well titled up and specially adapted to the business, and affords patrons and the public a long list of representative companies, from whieh to make their selections. Among the leading corporations for which he is the sole agent here, are ■the Phccnix. Niagara, Germania and Mutual Life, of New York ; the Liverpool and London and Globe of London, Eng., the strongest insurance combination on earth; ^Etna of Hartford, Traders' of Chicago, Transatlantic of Hamburg, National of Hart- ford. American of Newark, Scottish Union and National of Edinburg, Rhode Island Underwriters' Association, of Providence; New Hampshire, New York Underwriters', and Comjaercial of California, representing in round numbers a total capital of SM.UOO.UOti, total assets of 858,358,000, and a total surplus of §:31.000,0()0. He is also agent for the Metropolitan Plate Glass Insurance Company of New Y'ork, and the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company of Hartford, for the insurance of risks on the lines of goods designated by the names of the several incorporations. Mr. Pratt does a large business in Bay City and West Bay City, as also in the surrounding country, being well prepared to consider and undertake all risks in his line, and at the lowest rates. He is one of the most popular underwriters in the State, and his operations are characterized by fairness and effectiveness, in the matter of protection, and have acquired for the companies he represents, an envi- able reputation. L. M. SIMONS & CO. Kew and Second-IIan'.) 70, and by him sold to the tirm of Chapin ic Barber. The latter operated the plant until 1H.S2. when it was purchased by the tirm of Eddy Brothers & Co., composed of Sehvyn E Idy, Charles A. Eddy, Charles F. Eddy and J. Frank Eddy, for years prominently identified with very large manufacturing, mercantile and banking circles in tlie Saginaw Valley. The capacity of the mill when first established was very much less than at present, and when the last named firm obtained possession they at once introduced improved machinery and appliances for increasing the product in quality and amount. They also rebuilt the salt block and concluded other arrangements for one of the most complete establishments of its kind in the Lower Peninsula, which, under their management, it has become. The premises are located at No. 272.3 North Water street, and embrace the lumi>er and salt industries, with the necessary buildings and appurtenances. The mill proper is 1(50x100 feet in size, commodious, and in its appointments complete, supplied with one of Wickes Brothers' powerful gang mill saws, circular saws, edgers, trim- mers, cutting saws, steam feed carriage and other requisite machinery. The motive power is furnished from four engines, three of one hundred horse-power each, and one of fifty horse-power, fed by two batteries of steel tubular boilers one of four, each five and one half by sixteen feet, and the other of two each five by sixteen feet in dimensions, which also furnish steam to operate the engines at the salt mills and in the cooperage department of the latter. The premises also include valuable river frontage with uusurpassed dockage and shipping facilities, and commodious booms and piling grounds, covering a considerable area of territory. They luml>er on the Bay Shore, Pine River and other rivers in the north and northwest and the annual output is 20,000,000 feet of lumber, 2..500,OnO lath and ;^0,()00 sets of barrel heads, the lumber and laths being shipj)ed to Buffalo, Tonawauda and elsewhere in the east, the barrel stock retained for use in the salt works. The latter industry is in an ecjually prosperous condition, consisting of five wells with drill house and engine equipments each, a large and well appointed salt block, packing house, cooper shop, in which all the barrels are made by machinery ai>«'aii I'laii A. \. Itonocli, l*ro|>ri«'tor— Fifth and 'WnterHfttsJi. Mr. A. N. Roiiech is oue of the pioneer hotel men of this section of the State. He is a native of France whence he emifjrated to the United States in 1832, and located at Bay City in 18(5-2. The year following he engaged in the hotel business as pro- prietor of the Lake House, subsequently keeping the Kouech House in West Bay City (^now the Toohey House) and being very prominently identitied with other first- class etabslishmeuts of a similar character in this city. His present undertaking in the same line, the New Rouech Houee, is a model of its kind in construction, equipment, furnishings and management, with a capacity for one hundred and fifty guests. It is a three-story and basement brick, having a frontage of 2(10 feet on Fifth street, with a fnmtage of 50 feet on Water street, superbly situated for the accommodation of the traveling and business pxiblic, and modern in all respects. It was first opened as a hotel in 1885, the Water street front of the building being used for that object. Mr. Rouech's trade, however, increased so rapidly that he was obliged to enlarge his facilities, to meet Trbich the eastern extension fronting on Fifth street was built, the same being completed in the summer of 188S, and adding materially to the conveniences, resources and elegance of the premises. The otlices and sample rooms for commercial travelers, also the restaurant, occupy the main tioor which is laid with a new and beautiful tiling of Italian marble and provided with every reiiuirement incident to the demands of each; on the second floor the parlors, reception and dining-rooms, and ordinary are to be found, hand- somely fitted up. furnished and decorated, with the third floor devoted to sleeping rooms, single and en suite, light, airy, commodious and cheerful. The house was refitted and refurnished upon the completion of the Fifth street extension and is now heated by steam, equipped with electric lights and aunnuciators, gas, the Hart- ford automatic electric call and fire alarm, with modern accessories in every depart- ment, and a ctmiplete and effective system of escape in case of fire. The hotel is conducted on both the American and European plan, and perfect as the above description entitles it to be considered and accepted, the furnishings of the house are if anything surpassed by the table. The cuisine is perfect, including every thing in the line of delicacies or substantials, and the service is admirable, both in the dining room proper and in the temperance coffee house, restaurant and lunch counter, con- ducted for those who desire only rooms at the hotel. In his management, Mr. Rouech is assisted by Mr. A. N. Rouech, Jr., and Mr. G. H. Rouech. his sons, the former as chief clerk and the latter as steward, with Geo. Champlain as night clerk, in addition to a force of thirty employes. His trade is transient, composed principally of commercial tourists, and is very large and steadily increasing. 1. RUELLE & CO. Fuviiitiire. liilaNs^vare and trovkery— Harrison St.. Bot. 30th and 31st Sts. The business of dealing in furniture, glassware and crockery is an enterprise that commands large investments, and exerts an extended influence in mercantile circles. A leading and important firm engaged in this department of trade is I. Ruelle I'i: Co., Till-: INDUSTRIES OF THF. HAY CITIES. I'-'V ponipoBpd of T. RhpIIp nn;e and incrcaBinK' tra(it>. 'I'lit'y art^ locatt'd at an clij^'iblo point on Harrison f-rtoet, between 'l'hirti«>tli nml 'J'liirty-firHt Htn-otH, and carry a lart,'t> and divoiHilitMl stock. Tlio |)roniiHeH occii[)iHd aro '2'>xl()() font in din»«nHionH, oonve!ii«'nlly and adciiuatt^ly ptpnppHd for tlin favorahio display of tln-ir stock ant»« in all I'cspccts, that tlicy arc able to furnish rosidcn<-cs with every rei|iiisitc article from cellar to j,'arict. They sell for cash, or on the instailinent plan, and liave actjuired a reputation for quality of stock ami lil)eral busiuesB uiauaKe- ment, that is valuable and productive of large returns. BOUSFIELD & CO. flaniifacl iir<-i-,'a>^'ed in the manufacture of woodenware, is that of lioustieM .V Co., at the font of South denter street. Not only is it the most extensive enterprise of its kind, but one of the oldest. The IJousfield family were the first toent,'aK'e in the woodenware busniess on an extensive scale in tins country, be^rinnin^; operations many years a^^o at ('leveland, Ohio; the members of tlie present company beinj.,' sons of .b)hn Housfielil, the founder of the enterprise. The works in Hay ('ity were established in ISCill by (ieorj,'e llood. Between that year and IST") the mami(,'ement underwent a number of chanf,'e.s. In the latter year they came into the possession of Boustield .t Co., and in IHK] were incorporated into a stock compuny. The |)lant occupies over two blocks of territory, and includes within that area the saw-mil!, kilns, turning,' and paint houses, warehouse, engine house, ollices. booms, et'.'., etc., complete in all details, and perfeirtly ada|)ted to tlieir several uses. '!"he saw- mill [troper, i)ut recently erected, is .""lOxTO feet in dimejisions, sujiplied with jfour circular saws; veneerinj,', bottom and top-making' machines, steam carriages for raising,' the lo{,'s from the lioom, and other coinenieiici's and eijuipments of a labor- eaviiij,' character. In the niiiniifaoture of the products, which (-onsist chiefly of tults, churns and i)ails, tlie lo^s are raised from the boom to the mill, wiiere they are sawed into blocks of the re tiiey are shot info tiie paint house, a building' tiire(< stories in hei^jht and SdxKlO feet in |)roportions. where they are decorated in colors by machinery, and whence tliey are delivered at the warehouse, a two-story building,' TOx'JOO feet, from which they are finally shiiiped to consumers. To do this, re.|iiires the services of 'i.*")!) thorou>,'hly competent and pUillful mechanics, and motive power derived from two enfjiues of lo<> iiorse-power each, fed by two steel tubular boilers, eacli live by sixteen feet. Their daily output is ('>,(MI() pails and 1,700 tubs, in theT composition, material and finish, of the hi^fhest order, reflectinjf the utmost credit upon the capacity of the works, as also upon tiiose who supervise their manatrement. They have a booma^'e capacity of .'"ilMl.lllHl feet and use t;,(l(HI,(i()(l feet of lumber annually, pine and basswood. Mr. .James Totter, wlio is foreman, has been connected with the enterprise sinci- IXTc, and the products of the works are in extensive* demand as far east as New Vork, to Iventucky and Tennessee at the south, and all over the North and Northwest, as far as the Pacilii; coast. The present otlicers are: Alfred K. Housfield, President ; Ciiarles .1. liousfield, Vice-President and Secretary. The affairs of the corporation are admirably and systematically conducted, and its presence and operation lias contributed very materially to the buildiiiK up of Bay City as a manufacturinjj and trade center. 128 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. JULIUS WILHELM. Cigar Manufacturer— :SJo. 013 Third St. Julius Wilhelm is well known to the cigar trade in Michigan, from the superior quality of his manufacture in cigars, and the reasonable prices at which he disposes of his products. He began business in 1881, at No. 807 Third street, where he remained until April, 1887, when he removed to his present locality, at No. 613 on the same thoroughfare. The premises occupied consist of commodious quarters, 25x100 feet in size, in the central portion of the city's wholesale trade, well arranged and furnished for the display of his stock, as also for manufacturing and sales purposes. His lines of products embrace, in ten-cent goods, the well-known and favorite brands "Morse & Edison" and "StevenBon,"etc., and in five-cent goods, the equally well-known and celebrated "New Standard," " Flying Dutchman," "Little Dandies," etc., all of wnich are made from the pure leaf, and maintain the popularity for superior excel- lence they have obtained wherever known. He also manufactures special brands on the order of customers, and his trade in this particular is extensive and extending. He employs ten competent operatives, and supplies a large demand in the city and surrounding country. Mr. Wilhelm is a man, who from 'comparatively small beginnings, has attained to prominence and reputation, and his stock, with regard to quality and price, has become an established commodity with a large and appreciative trade. O. F. HAMET. Inspector and Shipper of Iuix block, corner of Washington and Center civenuee, and are provided with a perfect chain of title to all lands in liay County, with the State and United States surveys of same, as also with the plats of vUlages and cities which have been incorporated and are now in operation. They enjoy unusual facilities for perfecting and tracing titles through their relations with the ofBce of the Register of Deeds here, and the Auditor General and United States Land ( Xlice at "WcLshington. They are thoroughly familiar with the vahies of real estate aud other important points connected with property interests in the Saginaw Valley, aud other portions of the State, giving special attention to the purchase, sale or lease of lands, improved and unimproved, city and country, to the care of private estates, and dis- charge other duties of a fiduciary character connected with the business. They are also prepared to loan money in sums to suit, upon real estate, and to uetrotiate loans in behalf of clients upon tlie most liberal terms, being amply equipped with resources and facilities to fill all orders in their lines promptly aud satisfactorily. Having three main features always before them, viz: First, that security is about three times the amouut of loan. Second, that the title is perfect, and last, but not least, that mortgage must be first security. Those desiring information respecting the title to any tract of land in Bay County, prior or subsequent to its organization will, upon application to this firm, be fully and reliably advised in the premises. The members of the firm are experienced, influential and prominent citizens and operators, Mr. Brigham is a leading property owuer in Bay County and a lawyer of conspicuous eminence; Mr. Ames is a gentleman of great enterprise and long experi- ence, thoroughly posted as to real estate values, aud has made more sales than the older real estate dealers, siuce he commenced business; while Mr. Heatley, who is in charge of the abstract and loau department of the firm, enjoys a reputation for rapidity and accuracy in his .special line unsurpassed by any professional abstract maker in the State, being patronized by three-fourths of the legal profession, real estate dealers and bankers in this section, which is strong evidence of the confidence placed in his work. A. C. MAAS. Merchant Tailor— Xo. 10© Center «t. The business of merchant tailoring, carried on by A. C. Maas, was established by ihat gentleman in 1876. In the period intervening his success has been large, but not disproportioned to the deserts to which his industry and enterprise entitle him. In tlie year above mentioned, he began operations at No. 100 Center street, where he still remains, and with which he has so long been associated. The looaticm is specially desirable, being on one of the main business thoroughfares of the city, opposite the New Fraser House, and otherwise convenient to trade centers. He occupies the maiu floor and basement of the premises, each being 'ifixOO feet in size, and arranged in a manner appropriate to the display of goods and the accommodation of trade. His business is that of merchant tailoring exclusively, being a practical cutter and thoroughly versed in the arts of the craft, he makes only to onler and cultivates a high class of trade. He carries a select stock of goods, iuchiding the finest imported fabrics, and the choicest product of the best American locmis, and his workmanship, and the style aud finish of its product, is conceded to be uusnrpassed. He employs a force of from twenty to thirty experienced and skillful hand.s, as the business requires, and does a large trade in the city, both among residents and transients, and in the territory adjoining. The house has a well deserved reputation for correct business methods and reliability, and these, with the known superiority of the goods carried and the work turned out, have secured a large and growing patronage. 130 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. PALACE LIVERY STABLE. Frank E. Tyler, Prop.— Liivery and Boarclinj^ Stable— Sagina^v and Sixth Sts. r' iU¥'-^ One of the most complete livery establishments of its kind in the State, is the " Palace Livery Stable," which was built, is owned and operated by Frank E. Tyler, and in all its appointments and equipments appropriate to the name by which it is known throughout the Lower Peninsula. It was founded in 1880. The premises occupied consist of a handsome two-story brick building, with perfectly equipped accommodations for the uses to which it is adopted. On the main floor is an elegant suite of offices and carriage house, which, with the harness rooms, wash houses, etc., cover an area of 10,000 square feet. On the same floor is the stable proper, with forty-six stalls and six roomy boxes for the care and protection of the stock, each stall being provided with a window, thereby insuring light and ventilation. Among the advantages are the easy means of escape assured in case of fire, and should such an emergency arise it only becomes necessary to throw open the doors at the ends and sides of the building and cut the horses loose, instead of leading them up or down crooked inclines, where — according to the history of all stable fires — the horses stampede and rush back into the flames. Another advantage is, that whereas in most stables the horse department is located on a floor above or below the carriage house, the effluvia arising from the ammonia causes serious damage to the varnish and high finish of tine vehicles, but by having them all on one floor and separated by thick brick walls, as is the case Avith the Palace stables, this nuisance is avoided. Mr. Tyler's business is equally divided between livery and boarding. In the former he runs some twenty-five horses, chiefly to buggies and other light vehicles, of which he has a number of the best style and make, having in the heavier department the most elegant and costly coupes, barouches, broughams and other fashionable carriages, enabling him to turn out establishments, that in horses, harness, carriage and equipment are equal to those from the finest private stables. In the boarding department his stalls are generally full. A number of gentlemen of this city, who own valuable horses and equipages, give them into his charge, appreciating the facts that his personal supervision over a competent corps of stable-men, some ten in number, together with the sanitary and scientific construction of the building, THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 131 assures the maximum of sTood care for their property, with the minimum of riuk as to loss or il;imaj,'(» from lire or other causes. In his hhicksmitli and paint slir)pH he constantly employs from six to ei^jht men. The ^jreater portion of tlie upjjer story of the buildint,' is devoted to the storage of vehicles not in immediate reipiirement. The establishment is, all iu all, the most complete of its kind in the State, and would be a credit to a great metropolitan city. ROSE & LEWIS. I>eal('i-s ill l>i-.v itM. The business conducted by Messrs. Rose &: Lewis is as varied in the lines of jjoods handled as their trade le extensive and extended. The house was established l)y Albert iMiller early during the sixties, and from its start has been a successful enterprise. In 1883 the present tirm, composed of M. A. Kf se and Geo. Jjewis, assumed charge and still remain. The junior partner in the firm and Albert Miller, founder of the undertaking, also compose the lumber and salt tirm of Miller & Ijewis, the former being, in addition, member of the lumber manufacturing enterprise ot Miller Brothers, and both Miller and Lewis being likewise representatives of the extensive laud and logging firm of Turner & Co. They occupy a commodious building, two stories high and 25x120 feet? in dimen- sions, at the corner of Thirtieth and Water streets, a location specially adapted to the line of business in which they are successfully engaged, and well titted up with eqtiipmeuts and conveniences for the display and storage of their heavy stock, as also for the sale and shipment of same. Their stocks embrace every commodity that can be found in an establishment that ministers to a large and varied demand. It includes dry goods, boots and shoes, gents' furnishing goods, groceries, crockery, glassware, general merchandise, notions, knick-knacs, etc., calculated to meet every requirement of a trade that is not only extensive but exacting. The tirm employ six assistants and conduct a prosperous business in the city and vicinity, as also with farmers and residents throughout the surrounding country. The house is one of the oldest in this section, and the quality of its goods, together with the liberality displayed in its management, have had the effect of materially adding to its patronage annually, since it was established. JOHN DRAKE. General IiiMuranoe— Xo. 5815 Foiirtli'Mt. Up to within a comparatively recent date, a system of insurjince has been permit- ted, in which the policies were so deftly worded, that the risk sought to be guarded against was included among the exceptions. A' system of insurance which guarantees absolute protection without ambiguity in the terms of the contract of insurance, is a factor among the developments of modern civilization, as invaluable as it is indispensable. Such a system of insurance is represented by Mr. Drake, the pioneer underwriter of Bay City, who established himself here in 18n('), and placed the first risk ever undertaken in this vicinity. He is located at No. 21.') Fourth street, where he occupies desirable, accessible and conveniently arranged offices, as agent of leading companies of the world, and where he offers inducements to the public in the way of security and rates, that are not surpassed in the Valley. Among the companies for which he is .sole agent in Bay City, are the Home Fire, of New York; Hartford Fire, of Connecticut; Lancashire Fire and Commercial Union, of England; Hamburg, of Bremen; Orient, of Connecticut; Emi)ire State, of New York; Ohio, of Dayton; Phoenix of I^ngland. ami other comi)anies of acknowledged reputability, with capital aggregating .?S,224.r)24; assets amounting to S42,77r>.211 ; and a total 8ur[)lus of 618.1;U.3.")4. An exhibit that property owners will not fail to acknowledge, is calculated to inspire the highest degree of confiilence. Indeed, .few agents can show a balance sheet, so to speak, as conclusive of reliability and solvency. Mr. Drake has been engaged here for nearly forty years, during which period he has served the cause of protection to householders with enviable fidelity. He has established the largest insurance business in the city, and enjoys an established reputation for honorable dealing and the prompt adjustment of losses. 132 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. AMES & McAllister. Real Estate Mealers and Agents— No. 307 Phoenix Block. The future of Bay City is tinted with colors of never ending fascination. The day has dawned, when the prosperity now apparent, will have yielded precedence to a prosperity more liberal even than is to-day rejoiced in. Its natural advantages, location, climate and the reasonable price at which lands and houses can be purchased or rented, render the city an available and valuable point at which to invest capital in residence, commercial or manufacturing interests. The real estate business here is naturally of great importance, and has retained a considerable number of dealers and agents. Among the leading firms thus engaged is that of Ames & McAllister, consisting of George W. Ames and E. H. McAllister, the latter a recent accession, having come here from Detroit. Their lines of operations are dealing in real estate on their own account and on commission, collecting rents, caring for the property of non-residents, including the payment of taxes, securing relief against inequitable assessments, with other duties of manifold character intimately connected, and bringing to the direction of their offices a degree of enterprise and a quality of experience manifest in their success. They have large lists of property, improved and unimproved, for sale or lease, both in the city and country, adapted to occupation for residence, mercantile or commercial purposes, also farming and pine lands. Parties having real estate to dispose of will do well to consult with these gentlemen, and place ijroperty on their lists. Those desiring to avoid the care and responsibility of looking after rent collections, can place same in their hands, as they are noted for their promptness and small commissions, while those seeking building locations or desire to purchase a small home, save time by carefully looking over the lists of the firm. Property is cheerfully shown, and abstracts of title are furnished free of commission to purchasers. They occupy a handsome suite of offices at the above designated locality, and are equipped with facilities and conveniences for the im- mediate acknowledgment of orders and action in pursuance of instructions contained therein, and upon the most liberal terms. E. VON HERMANN & CO. Successors to li. S. Conian — Druggists — Center anrt 'Washington Aves. The wholesale and retail drug house of E. Von Hermann & Co., is one of the old- est in its line in the Valley, and the foremost, having since its establishment in 1866, by L. S. Coman, been conducted under his management until the present company acquired the stock and good will, on Oct. 11, 1888, when it was organized with a cap- ital stock of S 50,000, and incorporated under the laws of the State of Michigan. The store is located in the Central block, corner of Center and Washington avenues, a handsome building and most eligible site. The premises consist of the main story and basement, each 25x100 feet in dimensions, and finely fitted up and furnished, having also a stock department of the same size on the upper floor. The stock carried represents $35,000 and upwards in value, and is always full and complete in the line of articles adapted to the trade. These embrace pure drugs and chemicals, druggists' sundries, pharmaceutical preparations, surgical and hospital implements and appliances of all kinds, fine imported and domestic cigars, wines, cordials, liquors, mineral waters, sundries and other articles — in short everything known to the trade except paints and oils. The business is about equally divided between the retail and jobbing trade in the city and vicinity, as also throughout Northern and Northwestern Michigan. The retail department is under the personal supervision of Mr. Eugene Von Hermann, a graduate of Freiburg College, and none but registered pharmacists are employed in the prescription department. The drugs used are all of standard quality, and prescriptions will be put up according to the United States, British or other pharmacopias, as the requirements of physicians demand. The whole- sale department is managed by Mr. W. F. Henes, a native of Milwaukee, Wis. ; a gradu- ate of the College of Pharmacy, New York, also of the School of Mines of Columbia College, New York, and goods will be sold at prices to compete with New York, Chicago or Detroit. This house is the only concern of its kind in the Valley doing a straight jobbing trade, and the purity of its commodities has secured to it an estab- lished trade, and an extended and substantial reputation. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 133 BRIGHAM & TASKER. Fire, liil'e nii«l AiM-ident IiiNiiranre— Xo. .'{04 l*li«riiix Itlork. The insurance firm of Brigham & Tasker ie one of the most prominent of the represeutative firms in that line, in the Bay Cities. It consists of John Briyham, Jr., ana Kenben C. Tasker, and is the occupant of perfectly appointed ollices at Xo. 304 Phcpnix block, iu the business center of the city. Prior to October, 18H8, they were members of the abstract firm of Beard, Bri|Ljliam & Co., whence they retired and the abstract records were transferred to Brigham, Ames Sc lleatley, of which John Brigham, Jr.. is a member, and who, in conjunction with Mr. Tasker, has since attended exclusively to the placing of insurance. As underwriters of insurance risks they are among the most popular in the Valley, representing in that capacity the sole agency in this vicinity of leading companies in the country, and including among others the Newark, of Newark, N. J.; the Merchants', also of Newark; the Peoples', of Pittsburg, Pa.; Security of New Haven, Conn.; Providence-Washington, of 11. I., and the Ohio Farmers', of Le Roy, O. All of these are tire insurance companies, having a total ca=»h capital of 81,(500.000; total assets amounting to $.5,;J0.o.'J49. and an aggregate surplus of .S 2,892,099. They are also agents for the Connecticut Mutual Life, and the New England Accident Insurance Companies, the objects of which are expressed in the titles under which they have been severally incorporated, and each being possessed of abundant resources. The firm are well prepared in all respects, to undertake risks in the departments of the business to which they devote their special attention, and to otTer patrons seeking absolute protection from loss or damage by fire, or by accident, the inducements of low rates and prompt settlement. The same is equally true with respect to the claims of beneficiaries named in life insurance policies, written by the firm. They do a large business, and enjoy the reputation that accompanies a career of honorable successes. MARINE IRON COMPANY. MiitVs. of stouiii Kngines, Etc.— Cor. S«m'oihI nml \> atrr Nt-*. The Marine Iron Company was established by George Ford iu 186:3, and from the magnitude of its operations and the superior quality of its products, enjoys a reputation as wide-spread as it is deserved. The plant was cf)nductf d by Mr. Ford up to 1888, success crowning his efforts, and prosperity attending the career of himself and his enterprise. During the latter year, however, he retired from its control and management, and was succeeded by William Burnett, Michael Schmaltz and J. H. Davis, who leased the premises and continued the business with increased facilities, and a promise of future triumphs that has been more than realized. The foundry and workshops are located at the corner of Second and Water streets, eligibly situated, easily accessible, and well built and equipped. The machine shop is a commodious structure, in dimensions 40x80 feet, furnished with extensive manufacturing facilities, including the latest improvements. The equip- ment consists principally of large steam lathes, powerful drills and punches, planers and presses, etc., etc., with such other tools and api)nrtenances adai)ted to the line of work carried on, as are necessary or can be advantageously employed. The blacksmith shop is 30x80 feet in proportions, and equally convenient in its appoint- ments — among which is a large steam hammer,- for the range of work to which it is aftpropriated. The manufacture includes high and low pressure steam engines, heavy forging, general blacksmithing and repairing.— all of which are specialties; also, the raising of boats for rej)airs, for which they have machinery specially adapted. In addition, they manufacture phosphor bronze and all kinds of metals, and are prepared to fill orders in any of their several lines of work speedily, and at reasonable prices. They employ a competent force of skillful workmen, and their area of trade, besides being local, embraces the entire line of coast. Messrs. Burnett. Schmaltz and l^avie are thoroughly practical men. who give their personal attention to the work they have in hand, and their success is the reward of honest merit, honest business methods and an honest acknowledgment from the trade they supply. 134 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. WREGE & FLUES. (^uns and General Sporting Ciootls— 823 North ^Vater St. The firm of Wrege & Flues, composed of Kobert E. Wrege and Emil F. Flues, manufacturers and dealers in guns and sporting materials, was organized in June, 1887. Both members were equipped with youth, a complete knowledge of the essen- tials and requisites to a successful career as manufacturers, and with the energy and enterprise necessary to the application of such information. Being thus provided, they have succeeded. Their trade has become deservedly large, and made up of patrons of influence, while their product enjoys a more than local reputation. They occupy the main floor and basement of the building at No. 823 North Water street, eligibly situated, and in dimensions, 20x125 feet, with workshop in rear, fitted up with due regard to the requirements of the business. The part of the building fronting the street is used for sale and display purposes; that in the rear for purposes of manufacture. In the latter is included guns, rifles, revolvers, ammunition and sporting materials generally, which also are carried in stock in addition to the usual goods carried by similar establishments. They also do repairing of all descriptions, and make the re-boring and re-bronzing of fine guns a specialty. Hazzard, American and Orange powder is kept on hand, also all kinds of cartridges and ammunition, and orders by mail receive prompt attention. They do electric-bell work, key fitting, model making, manufacture any style of barrel or gun, also re-stock same, giving employment to an adequate force of assistants, and are recognized as the most skill- ful gunsmiths in the State. THATCHER & OLMSTEAD. Choice Family *tH.— Went Uaj- tit.v. A leading branch of tlie mannfacturiug inclustrieB of West Bay City, and one, too, as prosperous as it has become leading, is that of wagons, buggies and other vehicles. Prominent in this line is the house of Robert Elliott, and one of the oldest and best known for its superior workmanshiji and fair dealings. The proprietor is a practical and experienced blacksmith and carriage l)uilder, who commenced operations here in 1871, and has continued, since that date, on a successful career. He is located at the corner of Midland and Catharine streets, than which there is no better site in the city for his line of work, and where he is constantly employed during all seasons of the year. His factory is contained in a two-story building, 40x10(1 feet in size, well fitted up with all necessary implements and appliances for the successful conduct of the business. Mr. Elliott makes only to onler, not competing with the manufacturers of cheap goods, and enjoys an enviable reputation for the durability of his products. These include buggies, spring wagons, lumber wagons and other conveyances, in all of which the best materials are employed, and, when completed, are substantial, reliable, and in every particular models of skillful workmanship. He also does general blacksmithing and horse-shoeing work, painting, trimming and repairing, and is prepared to complete all contracts with the least delay and at the lowest rates. He does a large business, which is steadily augment- ing and extending.] INDUSTRIAL WORKS. AlanufaoturerN of Itailroatl Machinery— Eleventh and "Water StH. The Industrial "Works were organized in 1873, with 8100,000 capital. Geo. C. Kimball, President; James Clements. Vice-President; C. E. Wells, Secretary and E. Wells, Treasurer. Subsequently C. R. AVells succeeded E. Wells and James Clements became President. The capital stock has also been increased and the line of manufacture changed from general mill and marine machinery to railroad specialties. The works are located at the corner of Eleventh and Water streets, with a frontage of 400 feet and extending 800 feet to the rear. The buildings occupied are of brick, fire-proof and well equipped with labor saving devices for operations in the various lines of production carried on, run by steam. The manufacture embraces portable steel rail saws, steam pile-drivers, excavators, wrecking cranes, locomotive and car transfer tables, turn-tables, etc., etc. Their products are in use by nearly every railroad on the American continent. They employ a force of two hundred and fifty competeftit operatives and their annual business aggregates a very large amount in value. The present oflicers are James Clements, President; Charles R. Wells, Secretary and Treasurer, and W^illiam L. Clements, mechanical engineer. BAY CITY LAUNDRY. li. H. filriftin, I'roprietor— Cor. of Fifth aii«l NnKinnw Stn. The Bay City Laundry is the pioneer enterprise of its kind in Bay City. It was established in 1870, by L. H. Griffin, who has since managed its operation, and built up a large and profitable business, giving employment to a large force and acquiring an influential and deserved reputation for fine work and a liberal scale of prices. He is located at the corner of Fifth and Saginaw streets, a site of unsur- l)assed advantage, within easy reach of the business and residence portions of the city, and otherwise convenient. The laundry i)roper occupies a building '25x100 feet in 'size, equipped with the latest improved machinery, also having large accommoda- tions for drying purposes, and every facility for the rapid and satisfactory disposition of the work to which the premises are adopted. Mr. Grillin makes a specialty of the more delicate work in his line, and the growing patronage served by his estab- lishment is an evidence of the appreciation his efforts elicit. He emi)loys a force of eighteen experienced and capable assistants, and does a large business locally, and within a considerable radius of the Bay Cities. 138 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. E. E. BURROUGHS. liivery and Boarding isitable— Fifth and Sagina\^' Sts. One of the best known and most popular livery and boardingr stables in Bay City is owned and conducted by Mr. E. E. Burroughs, at the corner of Fifth and Saginaw streets. He began business in 1883, and has enjoyed a large and growing trade, from the day he inaugurated the undertaking. He occupies a fine two-story brick building at the above designated corner, 50x120 feet in size, abund- antly lighted and perfectly ventilated, furnished wilh every convenience — including six box stalls— and with accom- modations for the care of twenty-five head of stock. The main floor is used for purposes general to his line of busi- ness, being divided into office, carriage, harness and stable rooms, and supplied with all necessary equipments thereto appertaining. He owns and furnishes for public necessity or private pleasure, a field of fifteen horses, includ- ing roadsters, driving and saddle animals, also a fine line of elegant single and double wagons, buggies, carriages, coaches, etc., and is prepared to furnish conveyances to weddings, funerals and other occasions to which they are desirable or necessary. In addition, he stables quite a number of horses belonging to owners among families and business men, who find it more convenient to board their stock than to care for them at home. He employs a competent force of assistants, and does an extensive local business. S. GRABOWSKY. IVatches, Clocks and Jew elry— Repairing IVeatly Done and Warranted— 16o. lis Center St. Conspicuous among the established business houses in Bay City, is that of S. Grabowsky, dealing in watches, clocks and jewelry, and silver and plated ware. The undertaking was started by Mr. Grabowsky during 1871, and in the years that have followed, his success has been both deserved and pronounced. Along in 1878, his growing trade necessitated the obtaining of larger and more accessible accommoda- tions, whereupon he removed to the corner of Center and Saginaw streets, his present location. The premises could not be more eligibly situated, being at the corner of two of the principal business streets, neatly furnished and fitted up, and a depot of supply for articles in the various lines of goods representing the jewelry business. His stock is composed of the best make of American watches, in solid gold and silver and filled cases, fine solid gold and rolled jewelry, diamonds and precious stones, solid silver and electro-plated ware; bronze, marble and other clocks, mantel ornaments, and bijouterie generally in great variety. His trade is large and increasing in Bay City and the country tributary. His specialty is the manufacture, to order, of fine jewelry, as also in repairing same, and being an expert craftsman, he does a large business in both lines. Mr. Grabowsky is a well-known citizen, familiar with the requirements of the trade, and the success of his enterprise is a proper recognition of his business methods and the quality of stock oifered the public. E. A. SPEAR. Ciroeerles, Provisions, Fruits, Vegetables, Teas and CoflPee— Xo. 308 Center Aveniie. A prominent representative of the retail trade in fine groceries and household supplies in Bay City, is Mr. E. A. Spear, whose place of business is at No. 308 Center avenue. The house was established in 1879 by Spear & Chatfield. Mr. Chatfield retiring in 1879, Mr. Spear succeeded, and has since enjoyed the exclusive control and management of the enterprise, with annually increasing results, of a character both prosperous and prominent, the inevitable sequel to all THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 139 well directed efforts. He occupies the basement and main Hoor at the above designated number on Center avenue, a very convenient site, and with excellent accommodations in the way of disposing of the large business. The premises are in dimensions 25x120 feet, neatly arranged, attractively fitted up, and Hiipplied with conveniences to meet the demands of the rapidly increasing trade. He deals in the best qualities of supplies in his lino and carries a large stock, embracing staple and fancy groceries, canned goods and sweet-meats; sauces and delicacies; condiments, foreign and domestic; provisions of every description and fruits and vegetables in season, with the usual list of articles standard with the business. He employs a force of competent clerks and operates two wagons for the benefit of his patrons. He caters exclusively to the best family trade, and attends jjersonally to the management of affairs connected with the enterprise. The articles dealt in are the best obtainable, and the house occupies a high position among the mercantile industries of the city. FLORENTINE H. J. VAN EMSTER. DruggiHt-Xo. 300 Twelfth St. The drag house of Florentine H. J. Van Emster is prominent alike for its long and successful career, also for its reliability and the purity of the goods carried. It was established by Mr. Van Emster in 1877, and has occupied its present site for upwards of eleven years. The establishment is advantageously located at No. 300 Twelfth street, fronting Washington avenue. The premises are 25x00 feet in dimensions, well appointed and arranged, and furnished with exceptional facilities for the conduct of the business. The proprietor is an experienced and practical chemist, learned in the science of pharmacopa-ia, specially familiar with the requirements of the trade, and reputed for his attainments in the line of his profession. He carries complete stocks %of the purest and freshest of drugs and chemicals, selected with care ; also standard medicines, fluid extracts, medicinal compounds, special preparations, wines and liquors for medical purposes, druggists' supplies and sundries, toilet goods, per- fumeries, etc., with instruments and appliances usual to the business, of the best make and in great variety. His specialty, in addition to purity of stock, is the com- pounding of prescriptions. In the exercise of this accomplishment he brings experi- ence, ability and care to his aid, and employs only the choicest chemicals. He owns the property in which his store is situated, also that adjoining, which he occupies as a residence, and is prepared to respond to all calls for services, day or night. He is assisted by a force of expert apothecaries, and ministers to the wants of a large trade in Bay City and Bay County. E. B. FOSS & CO. Dealers in White Pine liuniber— Xo.| 1705 Xortli IVater S^t. The lumber firm of E. B. Foss & Co., is among the older organizations of the kind, and one of the largest and best equipped in Bay City. The business was established during 1870, by S. S. Foss and E. B. Foss, who managed and promoted its growth and development until January, 1S83, when the firm name was changed to Foss it Leiter, remaining so until August, 1888, at which date Mr. Leiter retired, and the present firm name was adopted. They are located at No. 1705 North Water street, a site for the conduct of the business, convenient and advantageous, and furnished with every accessory that will contribute to the successful handling of their large trade. Their extensive yards are well equipped, with railroad tracks running through them and connecting with main lines, and other facilities <>f the most desirable character for shipping. Their planing mill is equally (complete in its ai)i)ointmentR, and furnished with machinery of the most improved pattern. They handle white pine lumber most generally, making dressed lumber, which they manufacture in large lots, a specialty, also dealing heavily in pine lumber in the rough, their annual sales averaging 1(3,000,000 feet. They employ from tiffy to sixty hands, and ship in car-load lots to the eastern and southern markets. The firm is well known to the trade in all parts of the country, and enjoys a reoutation for financial ability and resources, as also for promptness in the filling of orders, and other characteristics, both enviable and deserved. 140 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. HAWKINS & TROMBLEY. Dealers in Clioioe Gi'oceries and ProTisions — Corner -lOtli and Harrison 8ts. The well known and established grocery and provision firm of Hawkins & Trombley, organized in 1880, and doing a large and steadily increasing business, is a prominent and potential factor among the commercial industries of South Bay City. The firm is composed of Hiram Hawkins and John L. Trombley, and their place of business is at the corner of Fortieth and Harrison streets in what is known as "McGraw's Store." The premises occupied consist of a double basement and three-story building, 50x100 feet in dimensions, of white brick, well equipped and convenienced for the accommodation of the trade. Their stocks are fiill and com- plete, embracing all lines and the choicest qualities of staple and fancy groceries, selected with special care for the trade supplied, with the wants of which the firm are entirely familiar. They also carry large invoices of imported and domestic cigars, chewing and smoking tobacco, provisions, produce, fruits and vegetables, and merchandise general to the wants of an exacting class of patrons. Their goods in every department are of the bett and purest descriptions, and are purchased in such amounts that the trade benefits by the rebate always allowed heavy buyers at first hands. The location of the firm, the inducements for the reasons cited, they are able to offer together with the class of commodities handled, the liberal terms con- ceded and the honorable methods enforced have conspired to build up a large trade in Bay City, as also among the kimber and farming industries of this portion of the State, requiring the employment of a full staff of clerks and salesmen to supply. The members of the firm are representative citizens and merchants, whose suc- cess is a modest acknowledgment of their commercial and individual worth. BABCOCK & BABCOCK. ^Vall Paper, Paints, Oils, Artists' Materials, Etc.— Xo. 405 Center^Ave. Root|Blk. A notable and enterprising business house in the line of artists' materials, etc., established in 1887. is that of Babcock & Babcock, the firm being composed of E. V. and George R. Babcock, father and son. The senior partner has been for years intimately identified with superior lines of work in Bay City and vicinity. They occupy com- modious premises in the Boot block at No. 405 Centre avenue, 30x70 feet, two stories high and fully fitted up with every appliance and facility for the accom- modation of the complete and select stock carried, for the convenience of work in their line, and the transaction of business. Their supplies include artists' materials, studies and pictures; picture frames, mouldings, decorations, curtains, curtain poles, and stationery; wall paper, paints, oils and brushes; plate-glass, knick- knacks, etc., etc., in great variety and of superior excellence. They accept contracts for frescoing, interior decoration and wall papering, not only in the city and vicinity, but at points within a radius of one hundred miles, successfully competing with Detroit and eastern houses, and at present engaged in the executioo of work in their line, in remote parts of the Northeast and Northwest. Their specialty also, is the setting of large plate-glass, work requiring skill and trained experience to handle, and of which they enjoy a monopoly. They employ fifteen competent assistants and the business foots up largely each year. The house is the headquarters of the Bay City Rubber Stamp Works. THE MODEL STEAM LAUNDRY. M.'J. Thomas, Proprietor— Xo. 717 \*'ater St. Opp. Fraser House. If cleanliness is next to godliness, there is no possible reason why residents of the Bay Cities, in respect to their apparel, should be at all removed from a condition so desirable and accessible. The cities are the several localities for a number of first-class laundries, the success of which not only attests their worth but public confidence in the truth of the proposition above cited. One of the leading establish- ments in this line is "The Model Steam Laundry," started by Mr. M.J. Thomas, in June, 1888, and conducted by Mr. Thomas with increasing profitable results. He THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 141 occupies the basemeut and main floor of the building at No. 717 Water street, opposite the Fraser House, a location of unsurpassed worth, the premiseB being 25x100 feet in dimensioue, and amply equipped with all the latest improved laundry machinery and appliances. The work done under his supervision is of the best description, no chemicals bein^r employed in the process, and the same care exercised in procuriuf,' the desired result as in the best re^'ulated lioueeliold. His specialty is boat and hotel work, but he is prepared to fill orders from all sources promptly and without the vexatious delays not infrequently experienced by patrons dependent upon similar establishments. He gives employment to a force of twenty hands, and is engaged in ministering to an extensive demand. In addition to headquarters here Mr. Thomas has nine agencies outside Bay City. C. M. CURRY. Dealer iit the l^i;;!!! Itiiniiiue l>onie!!«tir t^ewing Machine— HIO Water Nt. The earliest manufacture of the Domestic sewing machine, the well-known and highly esteemed article of household utility and domestic economy, dates back twenty-five years or more, when the same was commenced under private auspices, at the village of Norwalk, Huron County. Ohio. The plant was subsequently disposed of by William A. and Frank Mack to Bhike Brothers, and removed to Scranton, Pa., thence to New Haven, Conn., with the main office at Union Square, New York City, and subordinate oftices in every city in the country. The busi- ness in Bay City is directed by Mr. C. M. Curry, who established an office here in 1872, and to whose energy, enterprise and intelligent administration of affairs, the "Domestic" is indebted for its prominence and the large trade that has been built up. He is located at No. 810 Water street, occupying the main tloor, 2uxlO(J feet in dimensions, and possessing complete and convenient accommodations for the display of goods and the transaction of business. He carries an ample supply of machines, and their equipments and improvements. His field of operations includes Bay City and Bay County as territory, and his sales have an aggregate of machines, large in number and steadily increasing each year. He deals also in paper patterns and dress forms, manufactured by the Domestic Company, and distributes thousands of copies of the company's fashion publication, The Stvm:, annually. No pains are spared to render the utmost satisfaction in every respect to customers, and the flourishing trade secured is emphatic evidence confirmatory of the premises. Mr. Curry has been a member of the First Baptist church for many years, and is other- wise connected with affairs that promote the moral and material welfare of the com- munity. FRED. MOHR. IIutM, Ca|»N, OentN' Fiii-iiiMhiii<; <.ioo. I'o^t- oIVkm', W«'st Bay <'ity. In 188."), Mr. Fred. Mohr began merchandising in clothing, hats, caps, gents' furnishing goods, etc., for the supply of which West Bay City is the commercial center of a large and growing territory. Mr. Mohr is a comparatively recent acquisi- tion to mercantile circles, but his business has proved successful from its inception, and his influence in the Ijuildmg up and developing of the city's industrial and com- mercial resources, has l)pen potent and annually extending. He began operations in 1885, and is located on Midland street, opposite the postoffice. West Bay City, one of the most desirable sites in the city for business purposes, in premises 2.5x100 feet in dimensions, perfectly appointed, and conveniently arranged, as also pui)plied with superior facilities, for the display and sale of his large lines of goods. These latter embrace clothing of the liest eastern make, in the latest style and iinish, and in the matter of durability unsurpassed; hats, caps, gents' furnishing goods, of the best material and most celebrated manufacture; satchels, grips, trunks, etc.; the goods all round, are in shurt, of a superior ealer in Boots and Shoes— Fraser House Block, Center St. Although but recently established, no house in Bay City has in a short time be- come better known, and few en joy a better trade in its line, than theboot and shoe house of J. G. Laetz. For many years prior to 1887, Mr. Laetz was associated with one of the leading shoe stores of the city, and during that apprenticeship, he not only acquired an intimate knowledge of the business in its every detail, but complete familiarity with the requirements of the trade. In 1887, he severed his connection with the house referred to, and embarked in business on his own account. He is located on Center street, in the Eraser House block, occupying the basement and main floor, each being 20x70 in area, and handsomely arranged and fitted up. His stock is largely of eastern make, comprising a wide range of superior grades of men's, boys' and children's fine boots and shoes, the material and workmanship being the best that money and good judgment can secure, and he does a heavy retail trade in this city and vicinity. Among the finer grades of shoes handled by Mr. Laetz are Gray Bros., Sachs, Martha, Washington & Torrey, Liby, Brackett & Co., men's fine shoes. He makes a specialty of ladies' kid shoes, selling same at S2.00 and $3.00 per pair, and in which he leads all competitors. CHARLES BRUNNER. Dealer^in Groceries and Provisions— Saginaw St. Xear Center. The grocery and provision house of Charles Brunuer, on Saginaw street near Center, is the pioneer establishment of its kind in the city, and among the oldest in the Valley. Though a comparatively young man, Mr. Brunuer has had nearly thirty-five years' experience in the business, upward of twenty-two years of which he has passed in Bay City. His success has been decided, and his prosperity proportionately gratify- ing. He established himself here in 1866, and is located at the above designated site, the center of commercial activity, in premises two stories in height, 25x100 feet in THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 143 dimeneious, and convenieutty equipped and appointed for the accommodation of the trade, to which he ministers. His stocks are hirj,'e and varied, pure in quality, and sold at the lowest market (potations. They embrace full lines of teas, cottees, siijfars, spices, canned goods, preserves, pickles, sauces, produce, provisions, fruits ai.d vege- tables in season, also tlour and feed. All goods carried are 8[)ecialties with Mr. Jlrun- ner, and from his long experience with the trade, and his continued operations with jobliers and other sources of supplies, he has acquired perfect familiarity with the requirements of the one, and perfected such arrangements with the other, that he is able to oflfer unsurpassed inducements to purchasers. He employs a full staff of clerks, and does a large business in the two cities, in addition to an extended trade in the surrounding coiintry. Mr. Bruuuer is everywhere knovvn as a man of business integrity, and his house is equally prominent for the quality of its commodities, and the honorable methods which characterize its operations. GEORGE F. HOOD. Successor to llcOerniott &. Hood— Iiisuraiioc— Xo. 5 .llcl><>i-iii<>t t ItlocU. Mr. George P. Hood is a conspicuous and enterprising underwriter of Bay City. He has been engaged in that capacity here for a number of years, first as a member of the insurance firm of McDermott, Hood & Kelley, subsequently as the junior part- ner of the house of McDermott & Hood, in the same business, and since 18S7 a.s the sole owner and manager of the insurance agency conducted under his individual name. He is located at No. 5 McDermott block. No. 705 Adams street, where he occupies hantlsome offices, and is fully provided with facilities for the afcommodation of the business to which he devotes his services. He is sole agent in Bay City for quite a niimber of insurance companies of acknowledged reliability, and which are known throughout the country for their financial re.sponsibility, reasonable rates and liberal concessions in the settlement of losses. Among these are the Insurance Com- pany of Pennsylvania, with net assets amounting in round numbers to $5(10,0(10, and which has paid, since its establishment in 1794, losses aggregating 815,0(10,000; of the Dwelling House Insurance Company of Boston, Mass., which confines itself strictly to dwelling and farm business, with a capital of 8300,00(J, 82.80 as.'sets as security for each dollar of its liabilities, and SI. 30 surplus to policyholders for every 81((l at risk, also, of the Cincinnati Underwriters, composed of the Eureka Fire and Marine and Security Fire Insurance Companies of Cincinnati, Ohio, with a cash capital of 8250,0(^0, and a net surplus amounting to S125,552.25: and, finally, of the well known Westchester Insurance Company of New York, with Sl,064.(iO.S cash assets, and 8424,- 778 surplus. From such an exhibit none seeking absolutely unassailable protection, upon the fairest terms, can delay action. Mr. Hood does a large local business and enjoys a well merited and largely extended reputation for enterprise and honorable dealing. WILLIAM WARD. rrnclM-nl Naw -MiiUer— Xo. 1.10 Xorth ^Vater Nt. Mr. Ward located in Bay City in 1865, coming from Saginaw, and during the same year established himself in the business which he has uninterruptedly conducted for nearly a quarter of a century. He is one of the [iif)neer residents, and oldest mer- chants dealing in saws, etc., in the present prosperous municipality, and is well known among the milling interests along the river, and around the lakes. His place of busine.HS is at No. IMO North Water street, in premises 25x100 feet in dimensions, provided with all re(|uisite machinery, and giving employment to a sufficient force to meet the demands of the service. In addition to his manufacture, Mr. Ward carries full and complete lines of goods in his sjiecial department, and is agent for the American Saw Company, being supplied with all grades and sizes of the circular saws of that corporation. His trade is in the city and throughout the lumber and milling districts of the State, and the house stands high, whether considered in regard to the quality of its output, its volume of business, or the correct methods enlisted in its management. 144 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. TRAVIS & VAN EGMOND. Manufacturers Carriag^es, Wagons and liunibermen's Supplies— Cathai-ine and Midland Sts.-M^est Bay City. No manufacturing establishment in West Bay City is more favorably known or more highly esteemed than the carriage and wagon factory of Travis & Van Egmond. It was established during October, 1887, by N. Travis and H. Van Egmond, compos- ing the present firm. Not only is it one of the leading industries of the city, but bears an important relation to the prosperity of the Valley. They are located at the corner of Catharine and Midland streets, convenient and prominent, where they occupy a two-story building 25x80 feet in dimensions, well equipped in all its depart- ments for the superior manufacture of all descriptions of carriages, wagons, buggies, sleighs, cutters and other mediums of conveyance. The materials which enter into their construction are the best qualities of hardwoods, thoroughly seasoced and adapted to the service, while the construction itself is after the most approved pat- terns and the latest designs for comfort, style and durability. They also do all kinds of job work, exercising the same skill and care in that branch of the business, and making a specialty of horse-shoeing in which line of work they are unsurpassed. They employ a competent force of assistants, and by strict integrity and first-class workmanship, have established a reputation that has commended their services to a large patronage in West Bay City, and throughout the Valley. D. P. CLARK. Ai'cliitect and Superintendent— *o. 413 and -ll-l Phoenix Block. One of the leading architects in Bay City, is D. P. Clark. He is a student of the art, learned in his profession, and has been deservedly successfvil in contributing to the architectural superiority of the city, and the surrounding country. He began the practice of the profession in 1880. Prior to that date, he was for many years engaged in building, in connection with which his knowledge of architecture was afforded an extensive field for practice and originality of design. In the latter year, however, he turned his attention exclusively to designing and superintending the erection of buildings, the latter being done by contract, in which his familiarity with the requirements of their construction, affords him unusual advantages. He brings to the aid of his professional attainments, a thorough knowledge of the science of building, and has made a special study of its application, to all the departments of architectural development and improvement. Among the more prominent of his successes, is the Phoenix block, the largest and most elegant business edifice in the city, and the Bay City Library building here; a Methodist church edifice erected in West Bay City, at a cost of S 20,000; the Baptist church, the Kusch business block, the Loose block, and the residence of the Hon. John Welch, all in West Bay City; a church at Greenville costing §20,000; a similar edifice at Flint, costing $12,000; and a $9,000 business block at West Branch, in addition to many private residences, etc., here and elsewhere. Mr. Clark is now completing an office building for Congressman-elect Wheeler, which for beauty of design is not surpassed by any similar structure in the Valley. He is located at No. 413 and 414 Phoenix block, where he has every facility for furnishing designs, plans and specifications, and offers his services to those requiring work in his line, at the most reasonable cost. FRANK BATEMAN. ' JDruggist— Astor House Block— Soutli Bay City. The absolute necessity for pure drugs and of skill and familiarity in the compound- ing of prescriptions, are among the more invaluableessentials required in the domain of pharmacy. The knowledge by the public of establishments possessing these requisites, is not less valuable, because of the confidence inspired and the success thereby assured. Among the leading drug houses in Bay City, making such features of the business specialties, and enjoying a wide-spread reputation for their possession, is that of Mr. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 14i Frank Bateman in the Astor House block, South Bay City. The store was formerly cinirmMSMuB circles. In the present n,,dertakiuB he a.rec.sanUBUpemses unsurpassed. . ED. O'CONNOR. neater in C.roeeries and Provi«i«nH, VegetableH. Fruitn and OysterH-Ko. lOH Center St. nn« of the enterorisiug grocery and provision houses of Bay City, as also one of t^-pt^S: Lfsg^^ stock earned is not only laree »"' '" J"Jj'""^j|^e„lg,'^^mporteU and domestic, pa^nroT^^e^rruS- -1 de"sS7^t,^n7;rfve.etaWel and truHs, etc., a. interests. LEFEVRE HOUSE. Frank I.crev.-,.. IT,,,.. -W..hl.,Kt.n Ave. be.. Fir.. «.. »...■ « ....l»i.l.- Ave. structures in that portion of the ^'^y\J^%'l^'^'"IZ\. ^^^,-,^^ ,,,e used for sleeping dining and reception rooms, also the ':>'''^- f;;^^j;,P ^J 'j "^Votherw convenient m'^;^:r-Trc.S';f^«^^ rporaot?o:iffil^:,1t.d JU'atV'^^VsSaS ^U transient trade. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 14' P. C. SMITH. l>«-al«'r ill ri4-M. I*r<>\ iNioiiM aii«l Flour Ni'coiiil Nt. \\'«>Mt Itn.t <'it.>. The K'rocery aud provision houee of P. C. Smith is one of the largest and beet patronized in West Hay City. It was establislied by Mr. Smith in 18K3, and its success became instant, and has contiuned through the succeeding years. lie is located on Second street, in the First ward, an available site for the trade to the supply of which he contributes, where he occupies i)remise8 two stories high aud 'J5x- 150 feet iu dimensions. The store is conveni- ently arranged and ap- pointed, completely e(iuipi)ed with all fa- cilities necessary to the sale and shipment of goods, and otherwise desirable. A heavy stock is kept on hand and fresh supplies are received daily, thus enabling Mr. Smith not only to fill all orders promptly, but to sell at prices and upon terms advanta- geous to customers. His lines of goods include groceries, both staple and fancy, pro- visions, flour, mess pork and beef, hard- ware, packing lard and machinery oils, canned goods, general supplies, etc., obtained from first hands and of the best (lualities and descriptions. He makes boat supplies a specialty, and his facilities, embracing telephone service, to respond to requisitions from this source, are unrivalled. He does a large and constantly increasing trade in the two cities, and his operations in marine circles are equally extensive aud growing in volume. Mr. Smith is an old resident of West Bay City, having located here in 185t), and an experienced merchant, specially familiar with the requirements of the trade. In addition to his present enterprise, he is head of the tirm of Smith Sc Boutel, pro- prietors of the Saginaw Bay Towing Association, and has been identified with the growth and development of the Saginaw Valley for upward a third of a century BOUTEL.— SEE SAGINAW BAY TOWINO ASSOCIATION. SAGINAW BAY TOWING ASSOCIATION Niiiilli A Koiitcl. I'rtiiirit'tofM I*. ('. Nniitli*^ <'onl I>(m-U. ^%'4>>.| |ta> I'it.'v— iiiul ^Vutor Nt. Foot of First. Hay <'ilA. The demand for facilities for towing purposes. l)rouglit into existence the Saginaw Bay Towing Association, which was established a luimber of years ago by P. C. Smith and 15. Boutel, c(mipo8ing the firm of Smith .V Houtel, under whose management the utility and value of the service has been increased and enhanced to large proportions. Both members of the tirm are familiar with the requirements of navigation, each having served on the lake in the capacity of master of vessels 148 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. and other sailing craft, and experienced in the hne of operations they are now engaged in the conduct of. They own a fleet of powerful tugs commanded by experienced officers, and make the towing of rafts a specialty. Among the boats included in their line, are the Peter Smith, Ella Smith, Sarah Smith, S. S. Eiimmage, Pensaukie, Justice Fields, Niagara, Annie Moile, Luther Westover, Sea Gull, and others, all thoroughly seaworthy and equipped with every auxiliary necessary to safe and rapid transit to and from all lake ports. They do a large business in tow- ing logs and rafts from Canada and points north of the Saginaw River, also towing same from points between the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, in addition to Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo and other eastern and western ports. They have boom slicks and chains and are the inventors of the famous core boom, designed for the absolute security of logs in progress of transportation by preventing their becoming detached from the raft and sinking or drifting away. They are also prepared to furnish booms to owners of logs, to procure the insurance of the latter at the lowest rates, and generally to handle consignments entrusted to their care expeditiously and safely. They employ a large number of competent hands and during the season of navigation are constantly in commission, handling an average of 300,000,OUO feet of logs per summer. The association under the management of Messrs. Smith & Boutel, has secured an established reputation for enterprise and progress, and is one of the most valuable and influential in its field of operations around the lakes. The company's main office is on Water street, foot of First, Bay City, where Mr. Boutel gives his personal attention to the management; the other office is at P. C. Smith's coal dock. West Bay City, where P. C. Smith carries on an extensive business in boat stores and provisions. ARLINGTON HOUSE. Tlionia»« Toohey. I'l-oju-ietor al!!io liuniheriiian and Contractor and Jolin >^t8. -Corner Liiun The Arlington House, the leading hotel of West Bay City, is the successor of the Bunnell House, which was first erected in 1867. It was burned the same year, but rebuilt immediately, brick being substituted for frame and opened in June, 1868. During September, 1882, the name of the house was changed from the "Wells" to that by which it is now known and the year follow- ing it, was purchased by Thomas Toohey, who has since managed and directed its conduct, refitting and ~ refurnishing the house throughout, and resolving it ifito one of the cosiest and most attractive resorts of its kind in the city. The prem- ises occupied consist of a substantial three-story brick edifice, having a frontage of 60 feet on Linn street with a depth of 100 feet on John street, a location of unsur- passed desirability, being contiguous to the banking, . e ATT i. T, ^., business and manufacturing centers of West Bay City, and adjacent to the postoffice and lines of transportation, ilie main floor is occupied with the office, reading, reception and dining rooms, also the oar ana billard halls, and the refectory. Broad stairways lead to the second floor, on THOMAS TOOHEY. THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. 149 which handeomely appointed parlors, furnished in the latest modem style, with sam- ple rooms and chambers en suite are located, while the upper story is devoted to sleeping apartments, supplied with luxurious accommodations and equipped with every convenience that will, even remotely, contril)nte to the comfort of the oconpants. The dininp room is a most attractive banquet hall, with cai)acity to comfortably accommodate eighty guests, and the menu is nuule up of all the substantials aucl deli- cacies to be obtained in the market, furnished in abundance, well cooked and artistic- ally served. The house is in all respects adapted to the requirements of the trade and special pains are taken to realize to patrons the fullest fruition of comfort and pleasure during their sojourn. The house can entertain sixty guests, and enjoys a large transient custom, in addition to an equally extensive clientele of boarders. Its rates are one dollar and fifty cents per diem. Mr. Toohey is a pioneer resident of West Bay City, and i)rior to his purchase of the Arlington, was proprietor of the well known and popular Toohey House. He is accomplished in the art of keeping hotel, and enjoys a well-earned reputation for hospitality, find attention to the comfort of his patrons. WILLIAM KEITH. Slarine Insurance -Xo. 70'.i Xortli Mater >»t. At a port of entry like Bay City, the business of marine insurance is not only necessary, but indispensable to success in every department of commercial and manufacturing endeavor. To supply such demand here, agencies have been estab- lished, the operations of which are limited exclusively to issuing policies providing for protection against risks encountered by marine interests. One of the oldest and most prominent agencies of this character, is managed by Captain William Keith. He is a native of Michigan, and, having sailed the lakes for twenty years and upwards, located here in 1H70, and opened a marine insurance, vessel agency and commission house. His place of business is at No. 703 North Water street, where he serves the demands of a large and increasing patronage. He is the local agent for the Western Assurance Company of Toronto, Canada, with cash assets of -^ l,()64,(iiKS, and whose specialty is the insurance of cargoes; also representing the firm of Smith & Davis, of Buffalo — the largest insurance house on the lakes, whose specialty is the insurance of hulls, and to whom he turns over all risk.s undertaken upon crafts at this and adjoining ports : companies of which O. F. Flint, of ButTaio, is ( Jeneral Manager. In addition to these, he is the shi{)ping agent of the Michigan Salt Asso- ciation, shipping the product of the ditlerent salt works of tlie Saginaw Valley, in carload lots, to the order of consumers, and is also heavily interested in lake and other interests. 150 THE INDUSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. M. KINNEY. Successor to K.inne.v & liambert. Hardware, Faints. Oils. Agricultural Ini- plcuients. Sash, Doors— 5Jos. 711 and 713 Washington Ave. Mr. M. Kinuey commenced business in Bay City during 1882, as senior partner in the hardware house of Kinney & Lambert. This organization was preserved until February, 188S, when the firm dissolved, Mr. Lambert retiring. The house has always stood very high with commercial, financial and manufacturing circles, the trade also enjoying a reputation for the quality and variety of its stock and business methods that has served to extead and increase its business annually. Mr. Kinney occupies the three-story and basement building at Nos. 711 and 713 Washing- ton avenue. The main floor is 25x100 feet in dimensions, the basement and two upper floors, being each 50x100 feet, and the premises in their entirety, representing an aggregate of 17,500 square feet of floor room, divided into departments, heavily stocked and equipped with elevator service, as also other conveniences. The main floor is used as a display room for heating and cooking stoves, ranges, tinware, jappauned ware, etc., the second floor to light hardware and cutlery and the third floor for manufacturing purposes. The stock carried emljraces full and select lines of stoves, ranges, paints, oils, glass, sash, doors, blinds, housekeepers' and builders' hardware, cutlery, notions, etc., in great variety; agricultural implements and farm wagons, the two latter being stored in premises adjoining the main store, specially adapted to that object. Mr. Kinney conducts one of the largest and most widely known establishments in his line in the Lower Peninsula. In addition to the classes of stock handled, he operates a branch for the manufacture of tin, copper, sheet and galvanized iron ware on the top floor of the building occupied, which is supplied with all necessary machinery and tools and which turns out a large product annually. E. H. VEDDER. Prescription IJruggist— Midland and Walnut Sts.— West Bay City. One of the oldest and most reliable drug houses in West Bay City, dating its origin back twenty years and more, is that of E. H. Vedder, at the corner of Midland and Walnut streets. The business was established about 1868, by W. W. Vedder, brother of the present proprietor, and up to 1883, he conducted the enterprise with success and the skill that accompanies professional superiority. In 1883, however, he died, and Mr. E. H. Vedder succeeded to the ownership and management of the enterprise. He is a gentleman of long experience, education and thoroughly familiar with the science of pharmacy, as also with the demands of the trade. His career has been prosperous, and has secured to himself and his business a reputation both deserved and established. He is located at the corner of Midland and Walnut streets as above stated, his store, 25x100 feet in size, being handsomely fitted up and equipped with every convenience, and carrying large stocks. His specialties are pure drugs and chemicals, also the preparation of prescriptions. In the former department he has the choicest lines of the commodities mentioned, also handling the best medicaments, extracts, patent medicines, standard preparations, druggists' sundries, and the almost endless varieties of articles to be obtained in a first-class establishment of the character. In the compounding of prescriptions he cannot be excelled. Manufacturer and Dealer in LWMBEK, LATH AND SALT, WATER STREET, NEAR SOUTH CENTER, SOUTH BAY CITY, - - MICHIGAN. INDEX TO REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES. 57 US 140 73 12.S li:i 1(1') 111) 7S 120 '.(« i:« t)3 77 127 147 123 HO 44 9H Ablowilz Bros.. Clothing - Am.'s A M.-AUist.T, Heal Esttite H^ic.'^kAHial'n.'k.Artist's'mlteriiai^Paiiit^ OilHandWiill PaixT.. -- ., Hassin«\v;iit.',.). K. A Co.. Livery — '- Uat.Miiiiii, Frank, Dru^siet --.- --- " Kiu^m^'a^t.■u, Daniel, Grocer. - ^^^ Bay Cit> Hank r.-H il""^5;A;^''i 11' Bav Citv 15e.f Co. ( L. ComweU, Prop.) ii- Bay City Biis^y Works. ^^^., Igli;^ El^,SvL:-H:Griffin)-:::::::::::: i?" Bav<'ity Sti'ain BotthnK Works Bay Co'uity Milk Association... l?ay ('.unity Savings Bank -- Bav National Bank .- --- Boil's Musical Art Emporium ---.---- Bennett A Walter, Lumber Commission. Benson, F. W. & Son, Fish . Bertch. Louis & Son, Meat Market Bentel, Robert, Fish. _. Bissell & Mather, Hardware.... -• Bothe, Auk. J. & ('o-. Cry floods BousfieM cV- Co., Woodenware, Ktc Boutel, B.,Sa;,Mna\v'rowinK Assoeiation Bra.ld. ok. Batemau & (\.., Cif-'ar Mufrs... Bradley, C. H. & Co., Lumber Inspectors and BrmUey?N. B.' & Sons; Lumber and Salt Mf rs".". Brcitmever, Charles, Florist .. Bdiham, Aiues.V Hoa. ley. Heal Estate. 2? Briuham & Tasker, Insurance ^^^ Briscoe 15. H. cfcCo., BoxMnfis. «^ lirotherton. W. L & Co.. Wholesale Grocers. . 47 Brunner, Charles, Grocer - --- J*- lS^SiorG.7p..p:Hrun^ickH;i.ise: 119 Burnham,S.E.. Boat Builder ii;' Burroughs, E. E., Livery --—- - J*? Campau. F. X., Dry Goods, Etc -- 1^ Campbell House ,.,o Campbell, J. B., Grocer .....— -. — -- \-^ Chicago Shoe House (Danziger Bros.) "i Clark D. P., Architect .- ----- ^tZ Cole & Holt. Bay City and Alpena Steamers.. .3 Commercial Bank - n^ Corwin. .Tames H- Insurance ..-. '^ Cornwell, L., prop. Bay ( ity Beef Co 11- Coumans, Louis P., Slioes . '"w^Vi;;" uT Crosbie, Wm., Carriage and Wagon Works.- 91 Crowley & Kaiser, Iron Works.. •" Curry, C. M., Sewing Machines i*| Danziger Bros., Chicago Shoe House - 101 Daunt & Sharp, Carriage ai. Hargrave, E. J. A Son, Luniber and bjilt IL Hargrave, Haven A Co.. Shingle Mnfrs 117 Hawkins, J. K. A Co., Grocers '^ Hawkins A Trombley. Grocers. - ..------- "" Hawlev A Fitzgerald, Dry Goods, Wholesale anilketail >^ -.-, 151 Heinlein, Henry, Jr. Tailor .. . .— l|l Hitchcock & Bialy, Lumber and Lath 1^ Hodgkins, W. W., (irocer... i"^ Hood, Geo. F., Insurance "" Hull ATilton, Druggists ----■--;-. "' Industrial Works, Railroad Machinery 137 Irwin, R. W., R<'al Estate and Insurance -- Jeunison A Co., Hardware, Agncultuial Im- KaS A I'ni^vley, Wesl'Bay CUy"lr<^n W^^rks Keith, William, Marine Insurance. Kelly. William, Mansion House... Kinney. M., Hardwan- Ktc Laetz, J. (i.. Boots and Shoes Lefevre House ------ --v' Lewinstein, A. W., Clothing Littauer, S., Bottler.. ^ Loose Win."." FuVJnni'I-eand'Funeral Director 64 Lumbermen'.- State Bank "J Maas, A. C, Tailor ^-° MalierAFlajole. -..-. ---- "•-* Manstield, Geo. W., Grocer - »< Mansion House .»g Marine Iron Co.... -.-- uu Mason & Beach, Druggists. ...-. - ^ Maxwell, Robert, Steamboat Agent.. - io» McCaskill, Trombley A Brown, Lumber and ^^ McDonald," J.' N .' A Son, Flou r MiVls . . ----.-- «^ McKinnon Manufacturing ( o.. Boiler Makers anil Machinists ,,; McL.-nnan, John A Son, Lumber UJ Met'ker H. K. A Co., (irocer '•■ Merrill,' Fitield A Co., Wholesale Grocers. 59 M.chigAutVntral R. R Inside back cover Mili:^ASi;!M..fr;;Lun^ Mod.-l Steam Laundry (M.J. Thomas) 140 Mohr, Fred. Gents' Furnishers ... ---------- »\ Moslier A Fisher, Lumber and Pino Lands •>•> Slunn,Thos., Saw Mill Machinery .. . -- 10» Mvers,(ieorge ( '.. Mnfrs. Lumber and Salti. .. .»0 NVitional Boih-r Works, ( Maher A Flajolet .. . 13.. Newcombe. Wm. H., Blacksmith and ( amage ^^ Ni'chofs ASangle, Hiirness Manufacturers. . . . 4« Obey, I. A Co.. Li-pior Deiders ";' O'Connor. Ed., (Iroc.T ":{ Odell.O.W., Campbell House.. ...--- >^- O'Neill, E. J., Veterinarian, Livery and H«ue Stable 92 90 53 149 136 150 142 145 55 73 49 152 THEIINDVSTRIES OF THE BAY CITIES. Palace Livery Stable ( Frank E. Tyler) 130 Parsons Lumber Co., Wholesale Lumber 125 Pearsall, J. D., Undertaker and Coroner 120 People's Drug Store 86 Perkins, A. B. & Co., Fruits and Produce ltJ9 Perry, D. B., Druggist .-. 54 Perry & Swaby, Druggists 55 Personal Security Bank 66 Pitts & Cranage, Lumber, Lath and Salt 61 Pratt, Robert S., Insurance 121 Pratt & Koeppe, Architects 67 Representative Houses 43 Rhodes, Charles E., Jeweler 92 Richardson, W. D., Music, Books, Etc.. 63 Riegel, M., Grocer 110 Rochester Shoe House, Boots and Shoes 102 Root, Wtlliston & Co., Wholesale Lager Beer. 57 Rose & Levis, General Merchandise 131 Rosenbury, C. E., Furniture and Crockery 48 Ross, Bradley & Co., Lumber 44 Rouech House, A. N. Rouech, Propr 126 Rouse, Wm. B., Lumber and Salt 96 Ruelle, I. & Co., Furniture, Crockery, Etc 126 Russell Bros. & Co., Box Manufacturers and Planing Mill 113 Saginaw Bay Towing Association 147 Scheurmann, R., Shoes 118 Second National Bank 45 See Brothers, Furniture 65 Seligman & Rossman, Clothiers 64 Sempliner, H. L., Gents' Furnisher 94 Shearer Bros., Real Estate 79 Sherman, W. D., Livery Stable 93 Shore Boats ( Detroit, Bay City & Alpena Line) 73 Simons, L. M. & Co., Furniture, etc.. 121 Smallev Bros. & Co., Engine, Saw Mill and Saltworks Machinery 52 Smalleys & Co., Lumber 116 Smith Bros. & Co., Lumber and Salt 79 Smith, P. C, Groceries, Provisions, Etc 147 Smith & Boutel, Proprs. Saginaw Bay Towing Association 147 Spear, E. A., Grocer... 138 Standard Hoop Co., West Bay City 51 Standard Machine Works 69 Stover Larkin & Co., Hardware, Cutlery. Etc. 106 Styninger, J. A., Copper and Sheet Iron Pipe, Etc _- . 124 Swart, S., Jeweler,.: 136 Thatcher & Olmsted, Grocers 135 Thompson Jay & Co., Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots, Shoes, Etc 118 Thomas, M.J., Model Steam Laundry 140 Toohey Thos., Prop. Arlington House, Lum- berman and Contractor 148 Tousey & Turner, Pine Lands, Logs and Tim- ber 56 Travis & Van Egmond, Carriages and Wagons 144 Trombley, A.. Mineral Waters 69 Tyler, Frank E., Palace Livery Stable 130 Ueberroth & See, China and Glassware 84 Vail & Eddy, Hats, Caps, Furs, Etc 81 Valley Iron Works, 205 Saginaw 52 Valley Soap Co. (McLean & Westover) 74 Van Emster, F. H. J., Druggist 139 Van Liew, E. S., Real Estate 109 Vedder, E. H.. Druggist _ 150 Von Hermann E,. & Co., Drugs 132 Von Walthausen. G. L. Frederick, Druggist. . Il6 Wands, F. L., Insurance.. _ 119 Ward, William, Saw Maker 143 Watson Bros. & Tossell, Plumbers 60 Weber, H. W. & Bro., Hardware and Stoves.. 135 Webster & Pettapiece, Abstracts and Real Estate 103 Welch. John, Lumber 53 West Bay City Iron Co. (Crowley & Kaiser) . 53 West Bay City Manufacturing Co., Lumber .. .54 Wheeler, Frank W., Ship Builder 86 Whitney it Plum, Manufacturers, Crackers and ( 'onfi'flionery 107 Wilhclin, Julius, Cigar Manufacturer 128 Wilson llooj) Co.. __ 98 Wrege & Flues, Guns and Sporting Goods 134 Young American Clothing House 55 A. N. MARQUIS & CO., RUBLISHERS MND ENGRM^ERS. CATALOGUES SENT UPON APPLICATION. Duplicate electros of the engravings and cuts used to illustrate " The Industries of the Bay Cities" for sale at less than half the original cost. A. N. MARQUIS & CO., Lakeside Bldg., CHICAGO. yj^yw^ a o •M 3 O a c S3 o MU ID .t: \h ■3 ^ y: J 03 t; -= rt I/) d^ -^ ' T , 2 >> M n cj ■^ r-^, tu O CQ r3 "^ %' J o 2 a> ^5 R 03 tr >^ tt ^ 1§ « < ® — O ?= >r; — h ^< X Q. UJ C/) C 8 £ Q. 1 11^ ^^^ tc - Q n ^^». .;:; X toe. -~~~H a ^:^IL d^° v^ .58 C3 3 LU = \ CQ '3 (Complete facilities. ^-%X^ )5 OEARBORi ST. ^m^(. .f- o, ^-\\^;^. -0 V^ ^^^;^/ ,* ,y.> .^ I: ^^_ ^^;^. f - N^i^ii^m •-^o >' ,^^ "^^ '^o iO-r ?> * .0' V 4 c *\o^ .0^ . -^ A> ,, « „ i' • .-t .<^■ .^ :l .s ^.v c^ •i^^ ^<3 ^. • •7» ^^ % -^o oV O-r \ ^^'% <3 '=. ■ ■^o 9 »« X . '^ ' • ♦ O 4,** " " » • <^ "^x. «^^ >* "o_ s?-'*. .0' .' DOBBS BROS. %■ ''-'H^'^y* ^"^ v. •^. c:^ ^^fsr. ^ s<^ USTINE -' * ^ ^ • (cj